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Bobby Sox to Stockings
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"Bobby Sox to Stockings"
Single by Frankie Avalon
B-side
"A Boy Without a Girl"
Released
May 18, 1959
Genre
Pop
Length
2:30
Label
Chancellor Records 1036
Songwriter(s)
Russell Faith, Clarence Kehner, Richard DiCicco
Frankie Avalon singles chronology
"Venus"
(1959) "Bobby Sox to Stockings"
(1959) "Just Ask Your Heart" / "Two Fools"
(1959)
"Venus"
(1959) "Bobby Sox to Stockings"
(1959) "Just Ask Your Heart"/"Two Fools"
(1959)
"Bobby Sox to Stockings" is a song written by Russell Faith, Clarence Kehner and Richard DiCicco and performed by Frankie Avalon. The song reached #8 on the Billboard Top 100 an #26 on the R&B chart in 1959.[1]
The song was arranged by Peter De Angelis.[2]
The song was ranked #70 on Billboard magazine's Top Hot 100 songs of 1959.[3]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Frankie Avalon, "Bobby Sox to Stockings" Chart Positions Retrieved April 19, 2014
Jump up ^ Frankie Avalon, "Bobby Sox to Stockings" Single Release Retrieved April 19, 2014
Jump up ^ "Billboard Top 100 - 1959". Archived from the original on January 2, 2014. Retrieved April 19, 2014.
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Frankie Avalon
Singles
"Teacher's Pet"
"DeDe Dinah"
"Ginger Bread"
"I'll Wait for You"
"Venus"
"Bobby Sox to Stockings"
"A Boy Without a Girl"
"Just Ask Your Heart"
"Why"
"After You've Gone"
"You are Mine"
"Splish Splash"
Cover Songs
"The Stroll"
"Tuxedo Junction"
"Again"
"Moon River"
"But I Do"
Book
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text:
2006 Michigan vs. Ohio State football game
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Michigan vs. Ohio State, 2006
"Game of the Century"
(2006 version)
Michigan Wolverines Ohio State Buckeyes
(11–0) (11–0)
39 42
Head coach:
Lloyd Carr Head coach:
Jim Tressel
AP Coaches BCS
2 2 2
AP Coaches BCS
1 1 1
1
2
3
4
Total
Michigan 7 7 10 15 39
Ohio State 7 21 7 7 42
Date
November 18, 2006
Season
2006
Stadium
Ohio Stadium
Location
Columbus, Ohio
Favorite
Ohio State by 7[1]
Referee
Bill LeMonnier[2]
Halftime show
The Ohio State University Marching Band
Attendance
105,708[2]
United States TV coverage
Network
ABC[3]
Announcers
Brent Musburger (play-by-play)
Kirk Herbstreit (color)
Bob Davie (color)
Bonnie Bernstein (sideline)
Lisa Salters (sideline)
Nielsen ratings
13.0[4]
The 2006 Michigan vs. Ohio State game was a regular-season college football game between the unbeaten Michigan Wolverines (ranked No. 2 in the nation) and the unbeaten Ohio State Buckeyes (ranked No. 1 in the nation) on November 18, 2006, at Ohio Stadium in Columbus, Ohio. Called the "Game of the Century," this was the first time in the historic rivalry that the teams entered the matchup ranked No. 1 and No. 2 in the nation. In an offensive shootout, Ohio State won 42–39.
Michigan and Ohio State first faced each other in 1897, and have met annually since 1918. Considered by many the greatest rivalry in sports, the rivalry has been the "de facto" Big Ten Conference championship game on 22 occasions, with the game affecting the determination of the championship an additional 27 times. Ohio State entered the 2006 season ranked No. 1, while Michigan was ranked No. 14 in the AP preseason poll. With both teams winning all of their regular season games prior to their matchup, Ohio State remained No. 1 in all major polls, while Michigan moved up to No. 2 in the polls.
Both Michigan and Ohio State scored on their first offensive possessions, while the Buckeyes would eventually go up 21–7 midway through the second quarter. The Buckeyes' took a 28–14 lead into halftime, with the Wolverines closing the gap in the third quarter, scoring on a Mike Hart touchdown run and a Garrett Rivas field goal. Ohio State would extend their lead again following an Antonio Pittman touchdown run, though Michigan would bring the game within four points on another Hart touchdown run. A Troy Smith pass to Brian Robiskie would extend the Buckeyes' lead to 42–31. A late touchdown and two-point conversion would not be enough for Michigan, as the Buckeyes' would go on to win the game 42–39.
Following the game, Ohio State claimed the Big Ten championship outright for the first time since 1984 and also claiming a berth in the BCS National Championship Game, while the Wolverines would accept a berth in the Rose Bowl. Troy Smith became the seventh Ohio State player to win the Heisman Trophy, while multiple players on both teams were recognized with conference and national awards. Michigan was defeated 32–18 by the USC Trojans in the Rose Bowl, while Ohio State was defeated 41–14 by the Florida Gators in the national championship game.
Contents
[hide]
1 Pre-game buildup
1.1 Michigan
1.2 Ohio State
2 Game summary
2.1 First quarter
2.2 Second quarter
2.3 Third quarter
2.4 Fourth quarter
2.5 Scoring summary
3 Statistical summary
4 Aftermath
4.1 Potential rematch
4.2 Michigan
4.3 Ohio State
5 References
Pre-game buildup[edit]
See also: Michigan–Ohio State football rivalry
Michigan and Ohio State first faced each other in 1897, and have met annually since 1918. Coming into the game, Michigan held the all-time lead in the series 57–39–6, though Ohio State had won the previous two meetings. Called simply "The Game" by some, the rivalry is considered one of the greatest in sports.[5][6][7][8] The rivalry was specifically intense during a period known as the Ten Year War from 1969 to 1978 when Woody Hayes of Ohio State and Bo Schembechler of Michigan coached opposing teams. This would be the first time since 1973 that both teams came into the rivalry game undefeated.[9]
At the beginning of the season, both teams were ranked in the top fifteen.[10] Following a victory over the then-second-ranked Texas on September 9, the Buckeyes' top rank was cemented. Michigan's victory over the then-second-ranked Notre Dame the following week on September 16, would bring them into the top ten at No. 6 in the AP poll. Both teams would go on to win their remaining games and enter the rivalry with Michigan, ranked No. 2 in the BCS standings, while Ohio State was ranked No. 1. This would be the first time in the BCS-era that the top-two-ranked teams would play each other in the regular season. Due to the No. 1 vs. No. 2 rankings from the conference rivals and the hype that led up to the matchup, the game was referred to as the "Game of the Century."[11][12][13]
Michigan[edit]
For more details on this topic, see 2006 Michigan Wolverines football team.
The Wolverines' offense in the huddle.
In the preseason polls, Michigan opened the 2006 season ranked No. 14 in the AP Poll, while being ranked No. 15 in the Coaches' Poll.[10] The Wolverines' opened the season against the Vanderbilt Commodores and defeated them 27–7.[14] Following a 41–17 victory over Central Michigan, the No. 11 Wolverines traveled to Notre Dame Stadium to play the No. 2 Fighting Irish.[15][16] Following a dominating performance on offense and defense, which included three interceptions of Irish quarterback Brady Quinn, the Wolverines defeated Notre Dame 47–21 and moved to No. 6 in the polls the following week.[17] Michigan opened their conference schedule defeating the Wisconsin Badgers 27–13, and the Minnesota Golden Gophers in the Little Brown Jug game.[18][19]
Michigan remained consistent at No. 6 in the polls and defeated their in-state rival Michigan State 31–13, holding the Spartans to just 60 rushing yards, while they themselves ran the ball for 211 yards.[20] Following the victory, Michigan moved up to No. 4 in the AP Poll and No. 5 in the Coaches' Poll.[21] The Wolverines then traveled to Beaver Stadium and defeated Penn State 17–10, moving up to No. 2 in the AP Poll and No. 3 in the Coaches'.[22][23] After a 20–6 victory over Iowa and a 17–3 victory over Northwestern, the Wolverines moved to No. 2 in all major polls.[24][25][26] Though a closer game than expected, Michigan finished off their non-conference schedule with a 34–26 victory over Ball State.[27] Michigan's 34–3 win over Indiana would bring them to 11–0 on the season and keep them ranked No. 2 in all major polls.[28][29] On November 17, legendary Michigan coach Bo Schembechler collapsed and was taken to the hospital, where he was later pronounced dead.[30] Schembechler's death happened just one day before one of the biggest games in the rivalry, though he had not planned on attending the game.[31]
Coming into the game with Ohio State, the Wolverines ranked twelfth in the nation in rushing offense, led by Mike Hart who had 1,373 yards and 11 touchdowns.[32] Michigan quarterback Chad Henne compiled 1,932 passing yards, 18 touchdowns and seven interceptions, with Mario Manningham, Steve Breaston and Adrian Arrington leading the team in receptions.[32] The Michigan defense ranked third in the nation, allowing only 231.4 yard per game, while also having the best rush defense, holding opponents to only 29.9 rushing yards per game and giving up only three rushing touchdowns.[32]
Ohio State[edit]
For more details on this topic, see 2006 Ohio State Buckeyes football team.
The Buckeyes' offense against Texas.
In the preseason polls, Ohio State opened the 2006 season as the No. 1 ranked team in both the AP and Coaches' Poll.[10] The Buckeyes' opened their season by defeating the Northern Illinois Huskies 35–12.[33] Ohio State traveled to Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium to play the second game of a home-and-home series with Texas, following the 25–22 defeat in 2005. Ohio State defeated the then-second-ranked Longhorns 24–7, remaining the No. 1 team in all major college football polls.[16][34] Ohio State defeated the Cincinnati Bearcats 37–7 the following week, with Troy Smith throwing for 203 yards and two touchdowns.[35]
Ohio State faced the No. 24 Penn State Nittany Lions in Columbus and defeated them 28–6 after scoring three touchdowns in the fourth quarter. The Buckeyes defeated the No. 13 Iowa Hawkeyes the following week 38–17 in Kinnick Stadium. Ohio State finished their non-conference schedule defeating Bowling Green 35–7 and then defeated Michigan State the next week in Spartan Stadium 38–7, with the Buckeyes defense controlling much of the game. Blowout victories over Indiana and Minnesota would be followed by a 17–10 victory over Illinois for the Illibuck trophy. A 54–10 victory over Northwestern the following week gave the Buckeyes an 11–0 record heading into the rivalry game, with their ranking remaining consistent at No. 1 in all major polls.[29]
Quarterback Troy Smith entered the game against Michigan with 2,191 passing yards and 26 touchdown passes, while also leading the Heisman Trophy debate.[32] Ted Ginn Jr. and Anthony Gonzalez led the Buckeyes in receiving yards with 677 and 673 yards, respectively.[32] The Buckeyes rush defense had given up only 90.2 yards per games and three touchdowns, while they were tied for first in the nation with 21 interceptions.[32] James Laurinaitis and Malcolm Jenkins led the team with five and four respectively.[32]
Game summary[edit]
This was the first edition of "The Game" to be played under the lights at Ohio Stadium.
Traditionally, the rivalry game between Michigan and Ohio State kicks off at noon on ABC.[36] However, due to the circumstances of matchup, ESPN and ABC moved the kickoff time to 3:30 p.m. EST, making it one of the only times the rivalry game would be played under the lights.[36]
The 2006 edition of "The Game" kicked off a 3:44 p.m. EST on November 18, 2006 in front of a crowd of 105,708 at Ohio Stadium in Columbus, Ohio.[2] The game received extensive media coverage from ABC and ESPN, including extensive coverage in the preceding week, as well as the visit from ESPN College GameDay the morning of the game.[3] The game itself drew a 13.0 rating, with an estimated 21.8 million viewership on ABC, making it the most watched regular-season college football game since the 1993 game between Florida State and Notre Dame.[4][37]
First quarter[edit]
Ohio State won the coin toss and elected to defer, giving Michigan the ball to start the first half.[2] The opening kickoff by Aaron Pettrey was taken for a touchback by Michigan, with the Wolverines starting their first possession at their own 20 yard line.[38] Mike Hart received the ball on the first play from scrimmage, rushing for three yards.[38] Three straight completions from quarterback Chad Henne, driving them into Ohio State territory.[38] A nine-yard run from Hart, followed by a 25-yard pass from Henne to Mario Manningham, brought Michigan to the Buckeyes' one yard line. A touchdown run from Hart gave the Wolverines an early 7–0 lead.[39] Quarterback Troy Smith and the Buckeyes' responded on their ensuing possession, with Smith passing the ball on the first eight plays of the possession.[38] A touchdown pass from Smith to Roy Hall tied the game at 7–7.[39] After converting a first down on their next possession, the Wolverines were forced to punt.[38] Ohio State was also unable to move the ball on their next possession, punting after seven plays. On the ensuing Michigan possession, the Buckeye defense sacked Henne for a loss of three yards as the first quarter ended.[38]
Second quarter[edit]
Chris Wells scored on a 52-yard touchdown run, giving the Buckeyes' their first lead of the game.
The second quarter began with Michigan again being unable to move the ball, and being forced to punt after a three and out.[38] The Buckeyes took their first lead of the game two plays later on a 52-yard touchdown run from freshman running back Chris Wells, with the score now 14–7 in favor of Ohio State.[39] A personal foul penalty committed by the Buckeyes extended the ensuing Wolverines drive, though they would punt three plays later.[38] Starting from their own 9, Ohio State drove 91-yards in four plays, scoring on a 39-yard touchdown pass from Smith to receiver Ted Ginn Jr., extending the Buckeye lead to 21–7.[39] Following three straight runs by Mike Hart, the Buckeye defense again gave the Wolverines a first down on a pass interference penalty.[38] Michigan took advantage of the penalty scoring two plays later on a 37-yard touchdown pass from Henne to Adrian Arrington, cutting the Ohio State lead to 21–14.[39] Ohio State started their next drive with seven consecutive pass attempts, driving 72 yards to the Michigan 8.[38] A touchdown pass from Smith to Anthony Gonzalez gave Ohio State a 28–14 lead.[39] Time expired on the ensuing kickoff, giving Ohio State the two touchdown advantage going into halftime.[39]
Third quarter[edit]
Chad Henne and Mike Hart accounted for all five Wolverine touchdowns.
Ohio State received the ball to start the second half, with the Wolverine defense forcing their first three and out of the game.[38] Three runs for 58 yards by Mike Hart set up Michigan at the Ohio State 2.[38] Hart scored his second touchdown of the day on a two-yard run, cutting the Buckeye lead again to one possession at 28–21.[39] Three plays later, on Ohio State's next possession, Troy Smith threw an interception to Alan Branch, giving Michigan possession of the ball at the Buckeye 25 yard line.[38] Michigan was unable to convert a first down off of the interception, settling instead for a 39-yard field goal from Garrett Rivas, cutting the Ohio State lead to 28–24.[39] Ohio State responded three plays later on a 56-yard touchdown from Antonio Pittman, giving the Buckeyes a 35–24 lead.[39] After driving to the Ohio State 34, Michigan was unable to convert on a fourth down, turning it over to Ohio State.[38] Three and outs by both teams on their ensuing possessions, gave the ball back to Ohio State with over a minute remaining in the quarter.[38] A fumble by Smith again gave the ball back to the Wolverines, this time at the Ohio State 9. A rush from no gain from Hart was the last play of the third quarter.[38]
Fourth quarter[edit]
On the second play of the fourth quarter, Michigan scored on a third touchdown from Mike Hart, cutting the Buckeye lead again to one possession at 35–31.[39] Troy Smith turned the ball over for a third time on the ensuing Buckeye possession, this time on a fumble that was recovered by the Wolverines at the Michigan 32.[38] After a three and out, Michigan was forced to punt, pinning Ohio State back at their own 17.[38] An 11 play, 83 yard drive by the Buckeyes took them to the Michigan 13, where they scored on a touchdown pass from Smith to Brian Robiskie, giving the Buckeyes a 42–31 lead.[39] Michigan's next possession began with five straight completions from Chad Henne.[38] After driving to the Ohio State 16, the Wolverines scored on a touchdown pass from Henne to Tyler Ecker.[38] The Wolverines completed a two-point conversion on a pass from Henne to Steve Breaston, making it a three-point game at 42–39 in favor of Ohio State.[39] The ensuing onside kick by the Wolverines was recovered by Ted Ginn Jr. of the Buckeyes.[38] Time expired in the game, following three straight runs from Antonio Pittman, giving Ohio State the 42–39 victory.[39]
Scoring summary[edit]
[hide]Scoring summary
Quarter
Time
Drive
Team
Scoring information
Score
Plays
Yards
TOP
Michigan
Ohio State
1 12:32 7 80 2:28 Michigan Mike Hart 1-yard touchdown run, Garrett Rivas kick good 7 0
1 6:03 14 69 6:20 Ohio State Roy Hall 1-yard touchdown reception from Troy Smith, Aaron Pettrey kick good 7 7
2 12:29 2 58 0:57 Ohio State Chris Wells 52-yard touchdown run, Aaron Pettrey kick good 7 14
2 6:11 4 91 1:44 Ohio State Ted Ginn Jr. 39-yard touchdown reception from Troy Smith, Aaron Pettrey kick good 7 21
2 2:33 6 80 3:28 Michigan Adrian Arrington 37-yard touchdown reception from Chad Henne, Garrett Rivas kick good 14 21
2 0:28 9 80 2:08 Ohio State Anthony Gonzalez 8-yard touchdown reception from Troy Smith, Aaron Pettrey kick good 14 28
3 12:12 5 60 1:59 Michigan Mike Hart 2-yard touchdown run, Garrett Rivas kick good 21 28
3 8:41 4 3 2:07 Michigan 39-yard field goal by Garrett Rivas 24 28
3 8:04 2 65 0:21 Ohio State Antonio Pittman 56-yard touchdown run, Aaron Pettrey kick good 24 35
4 14:41 3 9 0:45 Michigan Mike Hart 2-yard touchdown run, Garrett Rivas kick good 31 35
4 5:38 11 83 5:00 Ohio State Brian Robiskie 13-yard touchdown reception from Troy Smith, Aaron Pettrey kick good 31 42
4 2:16 11 81 3:11 Michigan Tyler Ecker 16-yard touchdown reception from Chad Henne, Steve Breaston 2-point conversion reception from Chad Henne 39 42
"TOP" = time of possession. For other American football terms, see Glossary of American football.
39
42
Statistical summary[edit]
Statistical Comparison[39]
Michigan
Ohio State
1st Downs 17 24
Total Yards 397 503
Passing Yards 267 316
Rushing Yards 130 187
Penalties 5–45 4–50
3rd Down Conversions 4–13 6–11
Turnovers 0 3
Time of Possession 28:58 31:02
The game was considered an offensive shootout, with both teams combining for 900 yards of total offense, and 81 total points.[13] The Buckeyes' compiled 503 yards of total offense, compared to the Wolverines' 397 yards.[39] Ohio State quarterback Troy Smith completed 29 of 41 passes for 316 passing yards.[39] Smith's top receiver in the game was Ted Ginn Jr. who had 104 yards on 8 receptions, followed by Brian Robiskie with 89 yards on 7 receptions. Overall, Smith threw four touchdown passes and one interception.[39]
Chad Henne entered the game as the Wolverines' starting quarterback. Henne completed 21 of 35 passes for 267 passing yards.[39] Mario Manningham was the top receiver for Henne, who had 86 yards on 6 receptions, followed by Adrian Arrington who had 90 yards on five receptions.[39] Overall, Henne threw two touchdown passes in the game.[39]
In terms of rushing offense, Ohio State outgained Michigan 187 to 130 yards, led by Antonio Pittman who ran for 139 rushing yards on 18 carries.[39] Michigan was led on the ground by Mike Hart, who carried the ball 23 times for 142 yards.[39] Ohio State was led by Pittman's 139 rushing yards, and also saw freshman Chris Wells run for 56 yards, while Manningham rushed for 13 yards on 2 carries for the Wolverines'.[39]
Defensively, David Harris led Michigan with ten total tackles in the game, followed by Terrance Taylor with seven.[40] Alan Branch had one interception and Rondell Biggs accounted for the Wolverines' only quarterback sack of the game.[40] For Ohio State, James Laurinaitis led the Buckeyes with nine total tackles in the game, followed by Antonio Smith with eight. Smith, Lawrence Wilson, Joel Penton and Jay Richardson all accounted for the four of Ohio State's quarterback sacks.[40]
Aftermath[edit]
Potential rematch[edit]
Both before and after the game, many believed there would be a rematch between Ohio State and Michigan in the BCS National Championship Game, with some suggesting that regardless of the outcome, both team were still the best two in college football.[41][42][43][44] Going into the game, Ohio State was ranked No. 1 in the BCS rankings by just 0.003 points over Michigan, while USC, Florida, and Notre Dame rounded out the top five.[45] Following the game, Ohio State remained No. 1 with a BCS average of 1.000, while Michigan remained in the No. 2 position.[46] Following USC's victory over Notre Dame the following week, the Trojans jumped the Wolverines into the No. 2 position, with Florida in the No. 4 position.[47] In the final week of the regular season, Florida defeated Arkansas in the SEC Championship Game and USC was defeated by UCLA. The final BCS rankings were released on December 3, 2006; Ohio State remained in the No. 1 position and Florida went into the No. 2 position, ensuring there would be no rematch in the championship game. Michigan remained No. 3 in the rankings and trailed Florida by only 0.0101 points.[48]
Michigan[edit]
Following the loss, Michigan finished the regular season with an 11–1 record and ranked No. 3 in all major polls. Since Ohio State earned a bid in the BCS National Championship Game, Michigan received a bid in the Rose Bowl, where they played the No. 5 USC Trojans.[49] At the end of the season, many Michigan players were recognized for their individual accomplishments. Defensive end LaMarr Woodley was unanimously named the Big Ten Defensive Player of the Year, while also being named the Big Ten Defensive Lineman of the Year by the coaches'.[50] Offensive Jake Long received the Big Ten Offensive Lineman of the Year award from the coaches'.[50] Several players also received a unanimous selection to the All-Big Ten First Team, including Woodley, running back Mike Hart, and cornerback Leon Hall.[50] Many players were also named to various All-American Teams, including Woodley, Hall, Long, Hart and defensive end Alan Branch.[51] Woodley also received the Lombardi Award and Ted Hendricks Award.[52] The Wolverines' finished the season with a 32–18 loss to USC in Rose Bowl and were ranked No. 8 in the final AP Poll and No. 9 in the final Coaches' poll.[53][54]
Ohio State[edit]
Following the win, Ohio State finished the regular season undefeated at 12–0, their first undefeated regular season since their 2002 national championship. The Buckeyes' remained No. 1 in all major polls and received and earned a position in the BCS National Championship Game, where they played the No. 2 Florida Gators.[55] At the end of the season, many Ohio State players were recognized for their individual accomplishments, including quarterback Troy Smith who was unanimously named the Big Ten Offensive Player of the Year.[50] Many players were also recognized nationally including Smith, defensive tackle Quinn Pitcock, and linebacker James Laurinaitis, who were named to various national All-American Teams.[51] Smith was awarded the Heisman Trophy (the seventh in school history), the Walter Camp Award, the Davey O'Brien Award, and was named the Associated Press Player of the Year.[56] Laurinaitis also received the Bronko Nagurski Trophy for best defensive player.[57] The Buckeyes' finished the season with a 41–14 loss to Florida in the BCS National Championship Game and were ranked No. 2 in both the final AP and Coaches' poll.[54][58]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Jensen, Thomas (November 17, 2006). "Michigan vs. Ohio State: Troy Smith Needs Big Day to Impress Heisman Trophy Voters". PRWeb.com. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Michigan vs Ohio State (Nov 18, 2006)". Ohio State University Department of Athletics. November 18, 2006. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "ABC and ESPN to Provide Extensive Multimedia Coverage of #2 Michigan AT #1 Ohio State". Big Ten.com. November 14, 2006. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Paulsen (December 4, 2010). "Ratings For Michigan/Ohio State Drop For Fourth Straight Year". Sports Media Watch. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ "The 10 greatest rivalries". ESPN.com. January 3, 2000. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ Gall, Branden (November 24, 2014). "Here are the top 25 rivalries in college football.". Athlon Sports. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ Lapointe, Joe (November 18, 2006). "Even in a Fabled Rivalry, This Meeting Stands Out". New York Times. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ Exner, Rich (November 24, 2014). "Ohio State-Michigan football game stories and results: 1897-present". Cleveland.com. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ Owczarek, Wojtek (June 28, 2011). "A Game That Shaped the Decade: 2006 Michigan vs. Ohio State". Bleacher Report. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c "2006 NCAA Football Rankings - Preseason". ESPN.com. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Happens Every Year". The Washington Post. November 18, 2006. Retrieved September 9, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Ohio State 42, Michigan 39". ABC News 7. November 18, 2006. Retrieved September 9, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "Ohio State streaks past Michigan into BCS title game". ESPN.com. November 18, 2006. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Hart (146 yards) powers No. 14 Michigan to opening win". ESPN.com. September 2, 2006. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Neither lightning nor CMU can stop Hart, No. 10 Michigan". ESPN.com. September 9, 2006. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "2006 NCAA Football Rankings - Week 3 (Sept. 10)". ESPN.com. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ Ablauf, David; Schneider, Jim (September 16, 2006). "Strong First Half Helps Michigan Stun No. 2 Notre Dame". University of Michigan Department of Athletics. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ "No. 6 Michigan overcomes slow start to beat Wisconsin". ESPN.com. September 23, 2006. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ Ablauf, David; Schneider, Jim (September 30, 2006). "Henne Tosses Three TD Passes as U-M Wins Back Jug". University of Michigan Department of Athletics. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ Ablauf, David; Schneider, Jim (October 7, 2006). "Henne on the Mark Again as Wolverines Down Spartans". University of Michigan Department of Athletics. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ "2006 NCAA Football Rankings - Week 7 (Oct. 8)". ESPN.com. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Defense helps Michigan beat Penn State, stay unbeaten". ESPN.com. October 14, 2006. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ "2006 NCAA Football Rankings - Week 8 (Oct. 15)". ESPN.com. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Minus Manningham, Michigan grinds out win over Iowa". ESPN.com. October 21, 2006. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Hart, Michigan hold off rain, Northwestern at home". ESPN.com. October 28, 2006. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ "2006 NCAA Football Rankings - Week 10 (Oct. 29)". ESPN.com. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Michigan survives Ball State scare to keep perfect season alive". ESPN.com. November 4, 2006. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ Ablauf, David; Schneider, Jim (November 11, 2006). "Breaston Shines as Michigan Defeats Indiana". University of Michigan Department of Athletics. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "2006 NCAA Football Rankings - Week 12 (Nov. 12)". ESPN.com. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Report: Michigan legend Schembechler hospitalized again". ESPN. November 17, 2006. Retrieved September 9, 2009.
Jump up ^ Bacon, John (November 17, 2007). "Bo's lasting lessons: A coach to the end". The Detroit News.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Carey, Jack; Gardiner, Andy; Murphy, Joan (November 18, 2006). "The Michigan-Ohio State matchup". USA Today.com. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Smith-to-Ginn hookup lifts top-ranked Ohio State in blowout". ESPN.com. September 2, 2006. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ Whiteside, Kelly (September 11, 2006). "Ohio State makes statement vs. Texas, but long road lies ahead". USA Today.com. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Close early, No. 1 Ohio State routs overmatched Cincinnati". ESPN.com. September 16, 2006. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Lesmerises, Doug (May 18, 2011). "Big Ten officials willing to accept the primetime spotlight on more football -- except for Ohio State-Michigan". Cleveland.com. Retrieved June 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ Calabria, Rosario T. (November 20, 2006). "Ohio State vs. Michigan scores big for ABC". Your Entertainment Now. Retrieved June 22, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u "Ohio State vs. Michigan: Play-by-play summary". ESPN.com. November 18, 2006. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x "Michigan Wolverines vs. Ohio State Buckeyes – Box Score". ESPN.com. November 18, 2006. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c "(2) Michigan 39, (1) Ohio State 42 – Box Score". Sports-Reference College Football. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ Albom, Mitch (November 16, 2006). "Like it or not, OSU-Michigan rematch just might compute". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ Dirocco, Michael (November 20, 2006). "Meyer opposed to OSU-Michigan rematch". Jacksonville.com. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ Jones, Bomani (November 20, 2006). "Ohio State vs. Mich-again". ESPN.com Page 2. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ Russo, Ralph D. (November 19, 2006). "BCS Standings Add Up to Big Rematch". Washington Post. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Bowl Championship Series Standings - Week 5" (PDF). The National Football Foundation & College Hall of Fame, Inc. November 12, 2006. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Bowl Championship Series Standings - Week 6" (PDF). The National Football Foundation & College Hall of Fame, Inc. November 19, 2006. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Bowl Championship Series Standings - Week 7" (PDF). The National Football Foundation & College Hall of Fame, Inc. November 26, 2006. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Bowl Championship Series Standings - Final" (PDF). The National Football Foundation & College Hall of Fame, Inc. December 3, 2006. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Michigan Heading to Rose Bowl to Play Southern Cal". MGoBlue.com. December 3, 2006. Retrieved December 12, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Big Ten Announces 2006 Football All-Conference Teams And Individual Honors". Big Ten Conference. November 21, 2006. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "2006 AP All-America Team". ESPN.com. December 12, 2006. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Woodley Wins 37th Annual Lombardi Award". MGoBlue.com. December 6, 2006. Retrieved December 12, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Jarrett, Booty lead Trojans in drilling of Michigan in Rose Bowl". ESPN.com. January 1, 2007. Retrieved December 12, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "2006 NCAA Football Rankings - Postseason". ESPN.com. January 9, 2007. Retrieved December 12, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Ohio State to Play Florida for 2007 BCS National Championship". Ohio State University Department of Athletics. December 3, 2006. Retrieved December 12, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Smith Wins 2006 Heisman Trophy". Ohio State University Department of Athletics. December 9, 2006. Retrieved December 12, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Ohio State's Laurinaitis wins Bronko Nagurski Trophy". Ohio State University Department of Athletics. December 4, 2006. Retrieved December 12, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Gators attack: Florida gets title with rout of Ohio State". ESPN.com. January 8, 2007. Retrieved December 12, 2014.
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text:
The Waste Land
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Wasteland.
The Waste Land
Title page
Author
T. S. Eliot
Country
United States
Language
English
Publisher
Horace Liveright
Publication date
1922
Media type
Print
Pages
64 pp[1]
Text
The Waste Land at Wikisource
The Waste Land is a long poem by T. S. Eliot, widely regarded as one of the most important poems of the 20th century and a central work of modernist poetry.[2][3] Published in 1922, the 434-line[B] poem first appeared in the United Kingdom in the October issue of The Criterion and in the United States in the November issue of The Dial. It was published in book form in December 1922. Among its famous phrases are "April is the cruellest month", "I will show you fear in a handful of dust", and the mantra in the Sanskrit language "Shantih shantih shantih".[C]
Eliot's poem loosely follows the legend of the Holy Grail and the Fisher King combined with vignettes of contemporary British society. Eliot employs many literary and cultural allusions from the Western canon, Buddhism and the Hindu Upanishads. Because of this, critics and scholars regard the poem as obscure.[4] The poem shifts between voices of satire and prophecy featuring abrupt and unannounced changes of speaker, location, and time and conjuring of a vast and dissonant range of cultures and literatures.
The poem's structure is divided into five sections. The first section, "The Burial of the Dead," introduces the diverse themes of disillusionment and despair. The second, "A Game of Chess," employs vignettes of several characters—alternating narrations—that address those themes experientially. "The Fire Sermon," the third section, offers a philosophical meditation in relation to the imagery of death and views of self-denial in juxtaposition influenced by Augustine of Hippo and eastern religions. After a fourth section, "Death by Water," which includes a brief lyrical petition, the culminating fifth section, "What the Thunder Said," concludes with an image of judgment.
Contents
[hide]
1 Composition history
1.1 Writing
1.2 Manuscript drafts
1.3 Editing
2 Publishing history
3 Title
4 Structure
5 Style
6 Sources
7 See also
8 References
8.1 Notes
8.2 Citations
8.3 Cited works
8.4 Primary sources
8.5 Secondary sources
9 External links
Composition history[edit]
Writing[edit]
Eliot probably worked on the text that became The Waste Land for several years preceding its first publication in 1922. In a May 1921 letter to New York lawyer and patron of modernism John Quinn, Eliot wrote that he had "a long poem in mind and partly on paper which I am wishful to finish".[5]
Richard Aldington, in his memoirs, relates that "a year or so" before Eliot read him the manuscript draft of The Waste Land in London, Eliot visited him in the country.[6] While walking through a graveyard, they discussed Thomas Gray's Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard. Aldington writes: "I was surprised to find that Eliot admired something so popular, and then went on to say that if a contemporary poet, conscious of his limitations as Gray evidently was, would concentrate all his gifts on one such poem he might achieve a similar success."[6]
Eliot, having been diagnosed with some form of nervous disorder, had been recommended rest, and applied for three months' leave from the bank where he was employed; the reason stated on his staff card was "nervous breakdown". He and his first wife, Vivienne Haigh-Wood Eliot, travelled to the coastal resort of Margate, Kent, for a period of convalescence. While there, Eliot worked on the poem, and possibly showed an early version to Ezra Pound when, after a brief return to London, the Eliots travelled to Paris in November 1921 and stayed with him. Eliot was en route to Lausanne, Switzerland, for treatment by Doctor Roger Vittoz, who had been recommended to him by Ottoline Morrell; Vivienne was to stay at a sanatorium just outside Paris. In Hotel Ste. Luce (where Hotel Elite stands since 1938) in Lausanne, Eliot produced a 19-page version of the poem.[7] He returned from Lausanne in early January 1922. Pound then made detailed editorial comments and significant cuts to the manuscript. Eliot later dedicated the poem to Pound.
Manuscript drafts[edit]
Eliot sent the manuscript drafts of the poem to John Quinn in October 1922; they reached Quinn in New York in January 1923.[D] Upon Quinn's death they were inherited by his sister, Julia Anderson. Years later, in the early 1950s, Mrs Anderson's daughter, Mary Conroy, found the documents in storage. In 1958 she sold them privately to the New York Public Library.
It was not until April 1968, three years after Eliot's death, that the existence and whereabouts of the manuscript drafts were made known to Valerie Eliot, the poet's second wife and widow.[8] In 1971, Faber and Faber published a "facsimile and transcript" of the original drafts, edited and annotated by Valerie Eliot. The full poem prior to the Pound editorial changes is contained in the facsimile.
Editing[edit]
The drafts of the poem reveal that it originally contained almost twice as much material as the final published version. The significant cuts are in part due to Ezra Pound's suggested changes, although Eliot himself is also responsible for removing large sections.
The now famous opening lines of the poem—"April is the cruellest month, breeding / Lilacs out of the dead land"—did not appear until the top of the second page of the typescript. The first page of the typescript contained 54 lines in the sort of street voice that we hear again at the end of the second section, A Game of Chess. This page appears to have been lightly crossed out in pencil by Eliot himself.
Although there are several signs of similar adjustments made by Eliot, and a number of significant comments by Vivienne, the most significant editorial input is clearly that of Pound, who recommended many cuts to the poem.
'The typist home at teatime' section was originally in entirely regular stanzas of iambic pentameter, with a rhyme scheme of abab—the same form as Gray's Elegy, which was in Eliot's thoughts around this time. Pound's note against this section of the draft is "verse not interesting enough as verse to warrant so much of it". In the end, the regularity of the four-line stanzas was abandoned.
At the beginning of 'The Fire Sermon' in one version, there was a lengthy section in heroic couplets, in imitation of Alexander Pope's The Rape of the Lock. It described one lady Fresca (who appeared in the earlier poem "Gerontion"). As Richard Ellmann describes it, "Instead of making her toilet like Pope's Belinda, Fresca is going to it, like Joyce's Bloom."[9] The lines read:
Leaving the bubbling beverage to cool,
Fresca slips softly to the needful stool,
Where the pathetic tale of Richardson
Eases her labour till the deed is done ...
Ellmann notes: "Pound warned Eliot that since Pope had done the couplets better, and Joyce the defecation, there was no point in another round."
Pound also excised some shorter poems that Eliot wanted to insert between the five sections. One of these, that Eliot had entitled 'Dirge', begins
Full fathom five your Bleistein lies[I]
Under the flatfish and the squids.

Graves' disease in a dead Jew's eyes!
Where the crabs have eat the lids
...
At the request of Eliot's wife, Vivienne, a line in the A Game of Chess section was removed from the poem: "And we shall play a game of chess/The ivory men make company between us / Pressing lidless eyes and waiting for a knock upon the door". This section is apparently based on their marital life, and she may have felt these lines too revealing. However, the "ivory men" line may have meant something to Eliot: in 1960, thirteen years after Vivienne's death, he inserted the line in a copy made for sale to aid the London Library, of which he was President at the time; it fetched £2,800.[10] Rupert Hart-Davis had requested the original manuscript for the auction, but Eliot had lost it long ago (though it was found in America years later).[11]
In a late December 1921 letter to Eliot to celebrate the "birth" of the poem, Pound wrote a bawdy poem of 48 lines entitled "Sage Homme" in which he identified Eliot as the mother of the poem but compared himself to the midwife.[12] The first lines are:
These are the poems of Eliot
By the Uranian Muse begot;
A Man their Mother was,
A Muse their Sire.
How did the printed Infancies result
From Nuptials thus doubly difficult?
If you must needs enquire
Know diligent Reader
That on each Occasion
Ezra performed the Caesarean Operation.
Publishing history[edit]
Before the editing had even begun Eliot found a publisher.[E] Horace Liveright of the New York publishing firm of Boni and Liveright was in Paris for a number of meetings with Ezra Pound. At a dinner on 3 January 1922 (see 1922 in poetry), he made offers for works by Pound, James Joyce (Ulysses) and Eliot. Eliot was to get a royalty of 15% for a book version of the poem planned for autumn publication.[13]
To maximise his income and reach a broader audience, Eliot also sought a deal with magazines. Being the London correspondent for The Dial magazine[14] and a college friend of its co-owner and co-editor, Scofield Thayer, The Dial was an ideal choice. Even though The Dial offered $150 (£34)[15] for the poem (25% more than its standard rate) Eliot was offended that a year's work would be valued so low, especially since another contributor was found to have been given exceptional compensation for a short story.[16] The deal with The Dial almost fell through (other magazines considered were the Little Review and Vanity Fair), but with Pound's efforts eventually a deal was worked out where, in addition to the $150, Eliot would be awarded The Dial's second annual prize for outstanding service to letters. The prize carried an award of $2,000 (£450).[17]
In New York in the late summer (with John Quinn, a lawyer and literary patron, representing Eliot's interests) Boni and Liveright made an agreement with The Dial allowing the magazine to be the first to publish the poem in the US if they agreed to purchase 350 copies of the book at discount from Boni and Liveright.[18] Boni and Liveright would use the publicity of the award of The Dial's prize to Eliot to increase their initial sales.
The poem was first published in the UK, without the author's notes, in the first issue (October 1922) of The Criterion, a literary magazine started and edited by Eliot. The first appearance of the poem in the US was in the November 1922 issue of The Dial magazine (actually published in late October). In December 1922, the poem was published in the US in book form by Boni and Liveright, the first publication to print the notes. In September 1923, the Hogarth Press, a private press run by Eliot's friends Leonard and Virginia Woolf, published the first UK book edition of The Waste Land in an edition of about 450 copies, the type handset by Virginia Woolf.
The publication history of The Waste Land (as well as other pieces of Eliot's poetry and prose) has been documented by Donald Gallup.[1]
Eliot, whose 1922 annual salary at Lloyds Bank was £500 ($2,215)[19] made approximately £630 ($2,800) with The Dial, Boni and Liveright and Hogarth Press publications.[20][F]
Title[edit]
Eliot originally considered entitling the poem He do the Police in Different Voices.[21] In the version of the poem Eliot brought back from Switzerland, the first two sections of the poem—'The Burial of the Dead' and 'A Game of Chess'—appeared under this title. This strange phrase is taken from Charles Dickens' novel Our Mutual Friend, in which the widow Betty Higden says of her adopted foundling son Sloppy, "You mightn't think it, but Sloppy is a beautiful reader of a newspaper. He do the Police in different voices." Some critics use this working title to support the theory that, while there are many different voices (speakers) in the poem, there is only one central consciousness. What was lost by the rejection of this title Eliot might have felt compelled to restore by commenting on the commonalities of his characters in his note about Tiresias, stating that 'What Tiresias sees, in fact, is the substance of the poem.'
In the end, the title Eliot chose was The Waste Land. In his first note to the poem he attributes the title to Jessie L. Weston's book on the Grail legend, From Ritual to Romance. The allusion is to the wounding of the Fisher King and the subsequent sterility of his lands; to restore the King and make his lands fertile again, the Grail questor must ask, "What ails you?" A poem strikingly similar in theme and language called "Waste Land," written by Madison Cawein, was published in 1913 in Poetry.[22]
The poem's title is often mistakenly given as "Waste Land" (as used by Weston) or "Wasteland", omitting the definite article. However, in a letter to Ezra Pound, Eliot politely insisted that the title was three words beginning with "The".[23]
Structure[edit]
The epigraph and dedication to The Waste Land showing some of the languages that Eliot used in the poem: Latin, Greek, English and Italian.
The poem is preceded by a Latin and Greek epigraph from The Satyricon of Petronius. In English, it reads: "I saw with my own eyes the Sibyl of Cumae hanging in a jar, and when the boys said, Sibyl, what do you want? she replied I want to die."
Following the epigraph is a dedication (added in a 1925 republication) that reads "For Ezra Pound: il miglior fabbro". Here Eliot is both quoting line 117 of Canto XXVI of Dante's Purgatorio, the second cantica of the Divine Comedy, where Dante defines the troubadour Arnaut Daniel as "the best smith of the mother tongue", and also Pound's title of chapter 2 of his The Spirit of Romance (1910) where he translated the phrase as "the better craftsman".[24] This dedication was originally written in ink by Eliot in the 1922 Boni & Liveright edition of the poem presented to Pound; it was subsequently included in future editions.[25]
The five parts of The Waste Land are entitled:
The Burial of the Dead
A Game of Chess
The Fire Sermon
Death by Water
What the Thunder Said
The Waste Land
Problems playing this file? See media help.
The text of the poem is followed by several pages of notes, purporting to explain his metaphors, references, and allusions. Some of these notes are helpful in interpreting the poem, but some are arguably even more puzzling, and many of the most opaque passages are left unannotated. The notes were added after Eliot's publisher requested something longer to justify printing The Waste Land in a separate book.[G] Thirty years after publishing the poem with these notes, Eliot expressed his regret at "having sent so many enquirers off on a wild goose chase after Tarot cards and the Holy Grail".[26]
There is some question as to whether Eliot originally intended The Waste Land to be a collection of individual poems (additional poems were supplied to Pound for his comments on including them) or to be considered one poem with five sections.
The structure of the poem is also meant to loosely follow the vegetation myth and Holy Grail folklore surrounding the Fisher King story as outlined by Jessie Weston in her book From Ritual to Romance (1920). Weston's book was so central to the structure of the poem that it was the first text that Eliot cited in his "Notes on the Waste Land".
Style[edit]
The style of the poem is marked by the hundreds of allusions and quotations from other texts (classic and obscure; "highbrow" and "lowbrow") that Eliot peppered throughout the poem. In addition to the many "highbrow" references and/or quotes from poets like Baudelaire, Shakespeare, Ovid, and Homer, Eliot also included a couple of references to "lowbrow" genres. A good example of this is Eliot's quote from the 1912 popular song "The Shakespearian Rag" by lyricists Herman Ruby and Gene Buck.[27] There were also a number of lowbrow references in the opening section of Eliot's original manuscript (when the poem was entitled "He Do The Police in Different Voices"), but they were removed from the final draft after Eliot cut this original opening section.[28]
The style of the work in part grows out of Eliot's interest in exploring the possibilities of dramatic monologue. This interest dates back at least as far as "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock". The Waste Land is not a single monologue like "Prufrock". Instead, it is made up of a wide variety of voices (sometimes in monologue, dialogue, or with more than two characters speaking).
The Waste Land is notable for its seemingly disjointed structure, indicative of the Modernist style of James Joyce's Ulysses (which Eliot cited as an influence and which he read the same year that he was writing The Waste Land).[29] In the Modernist style, Eliot jumps from one voice or image to another without clearly delineating these shifts for the reader. He also includes phrases from multiple foreign languages (Latin, Greek, Italian, German, French and Sanskrit), indicative of Pound's influence.
Sources[edit]
Sources from which Eliot quotes, or to which he alludes, include the works of Homer, Sophocles, Petronius, Virgil, Ovid,[30] Saint Augustine of Hippo, Dante Alighieri, William Shakespeare, Edmund Spenser, Gérard de Nerval, Thomas Kyd, Geoffrey Chaucer, Thomas Middleton, John Webster, Joseph Conrad, John Milton, Andrew Marvell, Charles Baudelaire, Richard Wagner, Oliver Goldsmith, Hermann Hesse, Aldous Huxley, Paul Verlaine, Walt Whitman and Bram Stoker.
Eliot also makes extensive use of Scriptural writings including the Bible, the Book of Common Prayer, the Hindu Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, and the Buddha's Fire Sermon, and of cultural and anthropological studies such as Sir James Frazer's The Golden Bough and Jessie Weston's From Ritual to Romance (particularly its study of the Wasteland motif in Celtic mythology). Eliot wrote in the original head note that "Not only the title, but the plan and a good deal of the incidental symbolism of the poem were suggested by Miss Jessie L Weston"[H] The symbols Eliot employs, in addition to the Waste Land, include the Fisher King, the Tarot Deck, the Chapel perilous, and the Grail Quest.
See also[edit]
1922 in poetry, year of first publication
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
^ The title is sometimes mistakenly written as The Wasteland.
^ Due to a line counting error Eliot footnoted some of the last lines incorrectly (with the last line being given as 433). The error was never corrected and a line count of 433 is often cited.
^ Eliot's note for this line reads: "Shantih. Repeated as here, a formal ending to an Upanishad. 'The Peace which passeth understanding' is our equivalent to this word."
^ For a short account of the Eliot/Quinn correspondence about The Waste Land and the history of the drafts see Eliot 1971 pp. xxii–xxix.
^ For an account of the poem's publication and the politics involved see Lawrenre Rainey's "The Price of Modernism: Publishing The Waste Land". The latest (and cited) version can be found in: Rainey 2005 pp. 71–101. Other versions can be found in: Bush 1991 pp. 91–111 and Eliot 2001 pp. 89–111
^ Unskilled labour worth $2,800 in 1922 would cost about $125,300 in 2006.[31]
^ Eliot discussing his notes: "[W]hen it came time to print The Waste Land as a little book—for the poem on its first appearance in The Dial and in The Criterion had no notes whatever—it was discovered that the poem was inconveniently short, so I set to work to expand the notes, in order to provide a few more pages of printed matter, with the result that they became the remarkable exposition of bogus scholarship that is still on view to-day."[32]
^ This headnote can be found in most critical editions that include Eliot's own notes.
^ Compare Eliot's 1920 poem Burbank with a Baedeker: Bleistein with a Cigar.
Citations[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Gallup 1969 pp. 29–31, 208
Jump up ^ Low, Valentine (9 October 2009). "Out of the waste land: TS Eliot becomes nation's favourite poet". Timesonline. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
Jump up ^ Bennett, Alan (12 July 2009). "Margate's shrine to Eliot's muse". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 September 2009.
Jump up ^ Forster, pp. 89–96
Jump up ^ Eliot 1988, p. 451
^ Jump up to: a b Aldington p. 261
Jump up ^ Eliot 1971 p. xxii
Jump up ^ Eliot 1971 p. xxix
Jump up ^ Ellmann, Richard (1990). A Long the Riverrun: Selected Essays. New York: Vintage. p. 69. ISBN 0679728287. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Waste Land as Modernist Icon". www.sfu.ca.
Jump up ^ Hart-Davis, Rupert (1998) [First ed. published]. Halfway to Heaven: Concluding memoirs of a literary life. Stroud Gloucestershire: Sutton. pp. 54–55. ISBN 0-7509-1837-3.
Jump up ^ Eliot 1988, p. 498
Jump up ^ Book royalty deal: Rainey, p. 77
Jump up ^ T. S. Eliot's "London Letters" to The Dial, viewed 28 February 2008.
Jump up ^ 1922 US dollars per British pound exchange rate: Officer
Jump up ^ The Dial's initial offer: Rainey, p. 78.
Jump up ^ The Dial magazine's announcement of award to Eliot, viewed 28 February 2008
Jump up ^ Dial purchasing books: Rainey, p. 86. Rainey adds that this increased the cost to The Dial by $315.
Jump up ^ Eliot's 1922 salary: Gordon 2000 p. 165
Jump up ^ Total income from poem: Rainey, p. 100
Jump up ^ Eliot 1971 p. 4
Jump up ^ January 1913. "January 1913 : Poetry Magazine". Poetryfoundation.org. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
Jump up ^ Eliot 1988 p. 567.
Jump up ^ Pound 2005 p. 33
Jump up ^ Wilhelm 1990 p. 309
Jump up ^ Wild goose chase: Eliot 1961
Jump up ^ North, Michael. The Waste Land: Authoritative Text, Contexts, Criticism. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 2001, p. 51.
Jump up ^ Eliot, T. S. (1971) The Waste Land: A Facsimile and Transcript of the Original Drafts Including the Annotations of Ezra Pound Edited and with an Introduction by Valerie Eliot, Harcourt Brace & Company, ISBN 0-15-694870-2
Jump up ^ MacCabe, Colin. T. S. Eliot. Tavistock: Northcote House, 2006.
Jump up ^ Dirk Weidmann: And I Tiresias have foresuffered all.... In: LITERATURA 51 (3), 2009, S. 98–108.
Jump up ^ Williamson 2007
Jump up ^ Eliot 1986 pp. 109–10
Cited works[edit]
Aldington, Richard (1941). Life for Life's Sake. The Viking Press.
Bush, Ronald (1991). T. S. Eliot. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-39074-5.
Eliot, T.S. (1961) "The Frontiers of Criticism" in On Poetry and Poets. New York: Noonday Press.
Eliot, T. S. (1971) The Waste Land: A Facsimile and Transcript of the Original Drafts Including the Annotations of Ezra Pound Edited and with an Introduction by Valerie Eliot, Harcourt Brace & Company, ISBN 0-15-694870-2
Eliot, T. S. (1988) The Letters of T. S. Eliot, vol. 1. Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich
Eliot, T. S. (1986) "The Frontiers of Criticism" in On Poetry and Poets London: Faber and Faber Ltd., London ISBN 0-571-08983-6
Eliot, T.S. (2001). The Waste Land. New York: W. W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-97499-5.
Forster, E.M. (1964). Abinger Harvest (PDF). New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc.
Gallup, Donald (1969). T. S. Eliot: A Bibliography (A Revised and Extended Edition). New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.
Gordon, Lyndall (2000). T. S. Eliot: An Imperfect Life. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-32093-6.
Officer, Lawrence H. (2008) "Dollar-Pound Exchange Rate From 1791", MeasuringWorth.com
Pound, Ezra (2005). The Spirit of Romance. New Directions. ISBN 0-8112-1646-2.
Rainey, Lawrence (2005). Revisiting The Waste Land. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10707-2.
Wilhelm, James J. (1990). Ezra Pound in London and Paris, 1908–1925. Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 0-271-00682-X.
Weidmann, Dirk. And I Tiresias have foresuffered all: More Than Allusions to Ovid in T.S.Eliot's The Waste Land?. In: LITERATURA 51 (3), 2009, pp. 98–108.
Williamson, Samuel H. (2007) "Five Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a U.S. Dollar Amount, 1790 – 2006", MeasuringWorth.Com
Primary sources[edit]
Eliot, T. S. (1963). Collected Poems, 1909–1962. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World. ISBN 0-15-118978-1.
The Waste Land: A Facsimile and Transcript of the Original Drafts Including the Annotations of Ezra Pound by T. S. Eliot, annotated and edited by Valerie Eliot. (Faber and Faber, 1971) ISBN 0-571-09635-2 (Paperback ISBN 0-571-11503-9)
Secondary sources[edit]
Ackroyd, Peter (1984). T. S. Eliot. London: Hamish Hamilton. ISBN 0-241-11349-0.
Bedient, Calvin (1986). He Do the Police in Different Voices. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-04141-7.
Bloom, Harold (2003). Genius: a Mosaic of One Hundred Exemplary Creative Minds. New York: Warner Books. ISBN 0-446-69129-1.
Brooker, Jewel; Joseph Bentley (1990). Reading the Waste Land: Modernism and the Limits of Interpretation. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 0-87023-803-5.
Claes, Paul, A Commentary on T.S. Eliot's Poem The Waste Land: The Infertility Theme and the Poet's Unhappy Marriage, Lewiston N.Y.: Edwin Mellen Press, 2012.
Drew, Elizabeth (1949). T. S. Eliot: The Design of His Poetry. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
Gish, Nancy (1988). The Waste Land: A Student's Companion to the Poem. Boston: Twayne. ISBN 0-8057-8023-8.
Miller, James (1977). T. S. Eliot's Personal Waste Land. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 0-271-01237-4.
Moody, A. David (1994). The Cambridge Companion to T. S. Eliot. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-42127-6.
North, Michael (2000). The Waste Land (Norton Critical Editions). W. W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-97499-5.
Reeves, Gareth (1994). T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf. ISBN 0-7450-0738-4.
Southam, B. C. (1996). A Guide to the Selected Poems of T. S. Eliot. San Diego: Harcourt Brace. ISBN 0-15-600261-2.
Sufian, Abu (July 2014). "T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land: Anticlimax of Modern Life in a Claustrophobic World". Galaxy International Multidisciplinary Research Journal. III (IV). ISSN 2278-9529.
External links[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
The Waste Land
Poem itself
The Waste Land at Project Gutenberg
Complete annotated poem
The Waste Land at the British Library
Annotated versions
Critical essay on The Waste Land @ the Yale Modernism Lab
Exploring The Waste Land
Hypertext version of The Waste Land with sources
He Do the Police in Different Voices, a Website for Exploring Voices in The Waste Land
Recordings
Audio of T.S. Eliot reading the poem
The Waste Land public domain audiobook at LibriVox
BBC audio file. Discussion of The Waste Land and Eliot on BBC Radio 4's programme In our time.
[hide]
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Ash Wednesday
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Whistler (1982)
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Loud Mouth (2004)
Slava's Snowshow (2005)
Christine Jorgensen Reveals (2006)
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Waste_Land&oldid=842765453"
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