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Gemstone
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For other uses, see Gemstone (disambiguation).
"Gem", "Gems", and "Jewels" redirect here. For other uses, see Gem (disambiguation), Gems (disambiguation), and Jewels (disambiguation).
"Precious Stone" redirects here. For the James Bond character, see Hurricane Gold.
Group of precious and semiprecious stones —both uncut and faceted— including (clockwise from top left) diamond, uncut synthetic sapphire, ruby, uncut emerald, and amethyst crystal cluster.
A gemstone (also called a gem, fine gem, jewel, precious stone, or semi-precious stone) is a piece of mineral crystal which, in cut and polished form, is used to make jewelry or other adornments.[1][2] However, certain rocks (such as lapis lazuli, opal, and jade) or organic materials that are not minerals (such as amber, jet, and pearl) are also used for jewelry and are therefore often considered to be gemstones as well. Most gemstones are hard, but some soft minerals are used in jewelry because of their luster or other physical properties that have aesthetic value. Rarity is another characteristic that lends value to a gemstone.
Apart from jewelry, from earliest antiquity engraved gems and hardstone carvings, such as cups, were major luxury art forms. A gem maker is called a lapidary or gemcutter; a diamond worker is a diamantaire. The carvings of Carl Fabergé are significant works in this tradition.
Contents
[hide]
1 Characteristics and classification
2 Value
3 Grading
4 Cutting and polishing
5 Colors
6 Treatment
6.1 Heat
6.2 Radiation
6.3 Waxing/oiling
6.4 Fracture filling
7 Synthetic and artificial gemstones
8 List of extremely rare gemstones
9 See also
10 Notes
11 External links
Characteristics and classification[edit]
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A selection of gemstone pebbles made by tumbling rough rock with abrasive grit, in a rotating drum. The biggest pebble here is 40 mm (1.6 in) long.
The traditional classification in the West, which goes back to the ancient Greeks, begins with a distinction between precious and semi-precious; similar distinctions are made in other cultures. In modern use the precious stones are diamond, ruby, sapphire, and emerald, with all other gemstones being semi-precious.[3] This distinction reflects the rarity of the respective stones in ancient times, as well as their quality: all are translucent with fine color in their purest forms, except for the colorless diamond, and very hard, with hardnesses of 8 to 10 on the Mohs scale. Other stones are classified by their color, translucency and hardness. The traditional distinction does not necessarily reflect modern values, for example, while garnets are relatively inexpensive, a green garnet called tsavorite can be far more valuable than a mid-quality emerald.[4] Another unscientific term for semi-precious gemstones used in art history and archaeology is hardstone. Use of the terms 'precious' and 'semi-precious' in a commercial context is, arguably, misleading in that it deceptively implies certain stones are intrinsically more valuable than others, which is not necessarily the case.
In modern times gemstones are identified by gemologists, who describe gems and their characteristics using technical terminology specific to the field of gemology. The first characteristic a gemologist uses to identify a gemstone is its chemical composition. For example, diamonds are made of carbon (C) and rubies of aluminium oxide (Al
2O
3). Next, many gems are crystals which are classified by their crystal system such as cubic or trigonal or monoclinic. Another term used is habit, the form the gem is usually found in. For example, diamonds, which have a cubic crystal system, are often found as octahedrons.
Gemstones are classified into different groups, species, and varieties.[5] For example, ruby is the red variety of the species corundum, while any other color of corundum is considered sapphire. Other examples are the emerald (green), aquamarine (blue), red beryl (red), goshenite (colorless), heliodor (yellow), and morganite (pink), which are all varieties of the mineral species beryl.
Gems are characterized in terms of refractive index, dispersion, specific gravity, hardness, cleavage, fracture, and luster. They may exhibit pleochroism or double refraction. They may have luminescence and a distinctive absorption spectrum.
Material or flaws within a stone may be present as inclusions.
Gemstones may also be classified in terms of their "water". This is a recognized grading of the gem's luster, transparency, or "brilliance".[6] Very transparent gems are considered "first water", while "second" or "third water" gems are those of a lesser transparency.[7]
Value[edit]
Spanish emerald and gold pendant at Victoria and Albert Museum
Enamelled gold, amethyst and pearl pendant, about 1880, Pasquale Novissimo (1844–1914), V&A Museum number M.36-1928
There is no universally accepted grading system for gemstones. Diamonds are graded using a system developed by the Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in the early 1950s. Historically, all gemstones were graded using the naked eye. The GIA system included a major innovation: the introduction of 10x magnification as the standard for grading clarity. Other gemstones are still graded using the naked eye (assuming 20/20 vision).[8]
A mnemonic device, the "four Cs" (color, cut, clarity, and carats), has been introduced to help the consumer understand the factors used to grade a diamond.[9] With modification, these categories can be useful in understanding the grading of all gemstones. The four criteria carry different weight depending upon whether they are applied to colored gemstones or to colorless diamonds. In diamonds, cut is the primary determinant of value, followed by clarity and color. Diamonds are meant to sparkle, to break down light into its constituent rainbow colors (dispersion), chop it up into bright little pieces (scintillation), and deliver it to the eye (brilliance). In its rough crystalline form, a diamond will do none of these things; it requires proper fashioning and this is called "cut". In gemstones that have color, including colored diamonds, it is the purity and beauty of that color that is the primary determinant of quality.
Physical characteristics that make a colored stone valuable are color, clarity to a lesser extent (emeralds will always have a number of inclusions), cut, unusual optical phenomena within the stone such as color zoning (the uneven distribution of coloring within a gem) and asteria (star effects). The Greeks, for example, greatly valued asteria gemstones, which were regarded as powerful love charms, and Helen of Troy was known to have worn star-corundum.[10]
Aside from the diamond, the ruby, sapphire, emerald, pearl (not, strictly speaking, a gemstone), and opal[11] have also been considered to be precious. Up to the discoveries of bulk amethyst in Brazil in the 19th century, amethyst was considered a precious stone as well, going back to ancient Greece. Even in the last century certain stones such as aquamarine, peridot and cat's eye (cymophane) have been popular and hence been regarded as precious.
Today such a distinction is no longer made by the gemstone trade.[12] Many gemstones are used in even the most expensive jewelry, depending on the brand name of the designer, fashion trends, market supply, treatments, etc. Nevertheless, diamonds, rubies, sapphires, and emeralds still have a reputation that exceeds those of other gemstones.[13]
Rare or unusual gemstones, generally meant to include those gemstones which occur so infrequently in gem quality that they are scarcely known except to connoisseurs, include andalusite, axinite, cassiterite, clinohumite and red beryl.[14]
Gem prices can fluctuate heavily (such as those of tanzanite over the years) or can be quite stable (such as those of diamonds). In general per carat prices of larger stones are higher than those of smaller stones, but popularity of certain sizes of stone can affect prices. Typically prices can range from US$1/carat for a normal amethyst to US$20,000–50,000 for a collector's three carat pigeon-blood almost "perfect" ruby.[citation needed]
Grading[edit]
There are a number of[12] laboratories which grade and provide reports on gemstones.
Gemological Institute of America (GIA), the main provider of education services and diamond grading reports. And also Colourstone reports.
International Gemological Institute (IGI), independent laboratory for grading and evaluation of diamonds, jewelry and colored stones.
Hoge Raad voor Diamant (HRD Antwerp), The Diamond High Council, Belgium is one of Europe's oldest laboratories. Its main stakeholder is the Antwerp World Diamond Centre.
American Gemological Society (AGS) is not as widely recognized nor as old as the GIA.
American Gem Trade Laboratory which is part of the American Gem Trade Association (AGTA), a trade organization of jewelers and dealers of colored stones.
American Gemological Laboratories (AGL), owned by Christopher P. Smith.
European Gemological Laboratory (EGL), founded in 1974 by Guy Margel in Belgium.
Gemmological Association of All Japan (GAAJ-ZENHOKYO), Zenhokyo, Japan, active in gemological research.
The Gem and Jewelry Institute of Thailand (Public Organization) or GIT, the Thailand's national institute for gemological research and gem testing, Bangkok
Gemmology Institute of Southern Africa, Africa's premium gem laboratory.
Asian Institute of Gemmological Sciences (AIGS), the oldest gemological institute in South East Asia, involved in gemological education and gem testing.
Swiss Gemmological Institute (SSEF), founded by Henry Hänni, focusing on colored gemstones and the identification of natural pearls.
Gübelin Gem Lab, the traditional Swiss lab founded by Eduard Gübelin.
Each laboratory has its own methodology to evaluate gemstones. A stone can be called "pink" by one lab while another lab calls it "padparadscha". One lab can conclude a stone is untreated, while another lab might conclude that it is heat-treated.[12] To minimise such differences, seven of the most respected labs, AGTA-GTL (New York), CISGEM (Milano), GAAJ-ZENHOKYO (Tokyo), GIA (Carlsbad), GIT (Bangkok), Gübelin (Lucerne) and SSEF (Basel), have established the Laboratory Manual Harmonisation Committee (LMHC), for the standardization of wording reports, promotion of certain analytical methods and interpretation of results. Country of origin has sometimes been difficult to determine, due to the constant discovery of new source locations. Determining a "country of origin" is thus much more difficult than determining other aspects of a gem (such as cut, clarity, etc.).[15]
Gem dealers are aware of the differences between gem laboratories and will make use of the discrepancies to obtain the best possible certificate.[12]
Cutting and polishing[edit]
Raw gemstones
A diamond cutter in Amsterdam in the Netherlands in 2012
A few gemstones are used as gems in the crystal or other form in which they are found. Most however, are cut and polished for usage as jewelry. The picture to the left is of a rural, commercial cutting operation in Thailand. This small factory cuts thousands of carats of sapphire annually. The two main classifications are stones cut as smooth, dome shaped stones called cabochons, and stones which are cut with a faceting machine by polishing small flat windows called facets at regular intervals at exact angles.
Stones which are opaque or semi-opaque such as opal, turquoise, variscite, etc. are commonly cut as cabochons. These gems are designed to show the stone's color or surface properties as in opal and star sapphires. Grinding wheels and polishing agents are used to grind, shape and polish the smooth dome shape of the stones.[16]
Gems which are transparent are normally faceted, a method which shows the optical properties of the stone's interior to its best advantage by maximizing reflected light which is perceived by the viewer as sparkle. There are many commonly used shapes for faceted stones. The facets must be cut at the proper angles, which varies depending on the optical properties of the gem. If the angles are too steep or too shallow, the light will pass through and not be reflected back toward the viewer. The faceting machine is used to hold the stone onto a flat lap for cutting and polishing the flat facets.[17] Rarely, some cutters use special curved laps to cut and polish curved facets.
Colors[edit]
Nearly 300 variations of diamond color exhibited at the Aurora display at the Natural History Museum in London.
The color of any material is due to the nature of light itself. Daylight, often called white light, is actually all of the colors of the spectrum combined. When light strikes a material, most of the light is absorbed while a smaller amount of a particular frequency or wavelength is reflected. The part that is reflected reaches the eye as the perceived color. A ruby appears red because it absorbs all the other colors of white light (green and blue), while reflecting the red.
A material which is mostly the same can exhibit different colors. For example, ruby and sapphire have the same primary chemical composition (both are corundum) but exhibit different colors because of impurities. Even the same named gemstone can occur in many different colors: sapphires show different shades of blue and pink and "fancy sapphires" exhibit a whole range of other colors from yellow to orange-pink, the latter called "padparadscha sapphire".[citation needed]
This difference in color is based on the atomic structure of the stone. Although the different stones formally have the same chemical composition and structure, they are not exactly the same. Every now and then an atom is replaced by a completely different atom, sometimes as few as one in a million atoms. These so-called impurities are sufficient to absorb certain colors and leave the other colors unaffected.
For example, beryl, which is colorless in its pure mineral form, becomes emerald with chromium impurities. If manganese is added instead of chromium, beryl becomes pink morganite. With iron, it becomes aquamarine.
Some gemstone treatments make use of the fact that these impurities can be "manipulated", thus changing the color of the gem.[5]
Treatment[edit]
Gemstones are often treated to enhance the color or clarity of the stone. Depending on the type and extent of treatment, they can affect the value of the stone. Some treatments are used widely because the resulting gem is stable, while others are not accepted most commonly because the gem color is unstable and may revert to the original tone.[18]
Heat[edit]
Heat can improve gemstone color or clarity. The heating process has been well known to gem miners and cutters for centuries, and in many stone types heating is a common practice. Most citrine is made by heating amethyst, and partial heating with a strong gradient results in “ametrine” – a stone partly amethyst and partly citrine. Aquamarine is often heated to remove yellow tones, or to change green colors into the more desirable blue, or enhance its existing blue color to a purer blue.[19]
Nearly all tanzanite is heated at low temperatures to remove brown undertones and give a more desirable blue / purple color.[20] A considerable portion of all sapphire and ruby is treated with a variety of heat treatments to improve both color and clarity.
When jewelry containing diamonds is heated (for repairs) the diamond should be protected with boric acid; otherwise the diamond (which is pure carbon) could be burned on the surface or even burned completely up. When jewelry containing sapphires or rubies is heated, those stones should not be coated with boracic acid (which can etch the surface) or any other substance. They do not have to be protected from burning, like a diamond (although the stones do need to be protected from heat stress fracture by immersing the part of the jewelry with stones in water when metal parts are heated).
Radiation[edit]
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Virtually all blue topaz, both the lighter and the darker blue shades such as "London" blue, has been irradiated to change the color from white to blue. Most greened quartz (Oro Verde) is also irradiated to achieve the yellow-green color. Diamonds are irradiated to produce fancy-color diamonds (which occur naturally, though rarely in gem quality).
Waxing/oiling[edit]
Emeralds containing natural fissures are sometimes filled with wax or oil to disguise them. This wax or oil is also colored to make the emerald appear of better color as well as clarity. Turquoise is also commonly treated in a similar manner.
Fracture filling[edit]
Fracture filling has been in use with different gemstones such as diamonds, emeralds and sapphires. In 2006 "glass filled rubies" received publicity. Rubies over 10 carats (2 g) with large fractures were filled with lead glass, thus dramatically improving the appearance (of larger rubies in particular). Such treatments are fairly easy to detect.
Synthetic and artificial gemstones[edit]
It is important to distinguish between synthetic gemstones, and imitation or simulated gems.
Synthetic gems are physically, optically and chemically identical to the natural stone, but are created in controlled conditions in a laboratory.[21] Imitation or simulated stones are chemically different than the natural stone but may be optically similar to it; they can be glass, plastic, resins or other compounds.
Examples of simulated or imitation stones include cubic zirconia, composed of zirconium oxide and simulated moissanite, which are both diamond simulants. The imitations copy the look and color of the real stone but possess neither their chemical nor physical characteristics. Moissanite actually has a higher refractive index than diamond and when presented beside an equivalently sized and cut diamond will have more "fire" than the diamond.
Synthetic, cultured or lab-created gemstones are not imitations. For example, diamonds, rubies, sapphires and emeralds have been manufactured in labs to possess identical chemical and physical characteristics to the naturally occurring variety. Synthetic (lab created) corundum, including ruby and sapphire, is very common and costs much less than the natural stones. Smaller synthetic diamonds have been manufactured in large quantities as industrial abrasives, although larger gem-quality synthetic diamonds are becoming available in multiple carats.[22]
Whether a gemstone is a natural stone or lab-created (synthetic), the physical characteristics are the same. Lab-created stones tend to have a more vivid color to them, as impurities are not present in a lab and do not modify the clarity or color of the stone, unless added intentionally for a specific purpose.[citation needed]
List of extremely rare gemstones[edit]
Painite was discovered in 1956 in Ohngaing in Myanmar. The mineral was named in honor of the British gemologist Arthur Charles Davy Pain. In 2005, painite was described by the Guinness Book of World Records as the rarest gem mineral on earth.[23][page needed]
Hibonite was discovered in 1956 in Madagascar. It was named after the discoverer the French geologist Paul Hibon. Gem quality Hibonite has only been found in Myanmar.[24]
Red beryl or bixbite was discovered in an area near Beaver, Utah in 1904 and named after the American mineralogist Maynard Bixby.
Jeremejevite was discovered in 1883 in Russia and named after its discoverer, Pawel Wladimirowich Jeremejew (1830–1899).
Chambersite was discovered in 1957 in Chambers County, Texas, USA, and named after the deposit's location.
Taaffeite was discovered in 1945. It was named after the discoverer, the Irish gemologist Count Edward Charles Richard Taaffe.
Musgravite was discovered in 1967 in the Musgrave Mountains in South Australia and named for the location.
Grandidierite was discovered by Antoine François Alfred Lacroix (1863–1948) in 1902 in Tuléar province, Madagascar. It was named in honor of the French naturalist and explorer Alfred Grandidier (1836–1912).
Poudretteite was discovered in 1965 at the Poudrette Quarry in Canada and named after the quarry's owners and operators, the Poudrette family.
Serendibite was discovered in Sri Lanka by Dunil Palitha Gunasekera in 1902 and named after Serendib, the old Arabic name for Sri Lanka.
Zektzerite was discovered by Bart Cannon in 1968 on Kangaroo Ridge near Washington Pass in Okanogan County, Washington, USA. The mineral was named in honor of mathematician and geologist Jack Zektzer, who presented the material for study in 1976.
See also[edit]
Book: Gemstones
Gemology and Jewelry portal
Gemology
List of gemstones
List of gemstone species
Assembled gem
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ The Oxford Dictionary Online Archived 2007-06-05 at the Wayback Machine. and Webster Online Dictionary Archived 2007-06-03 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Alden, Nancy (2009). Simply Gemstones: Designs for Creating Beaded Gemstone Jewelry. New York, NY: Random House. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-307-45135-4. Archived from the original on 5 January 2014. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
Jump up ^ Precious Stones Archived 2016-05-21 at the Wayback Machine., Max Bauer, p. 2
Jump up ^ Wise, R. W., 2006, Secrets Of The Gem Trade, The Connoisseur's Guide To Precious Gemstones, Brunswick House Pr, pp. 3–8 ISBN 0-9728223-8-0
^ Jump up to: a b Frangoulis, George (18 April 2015). "GEM HUNTER". Lulu.com. Retrieved 12 December 2017 – via Google Books.
Jump up ^ AskOxford.com Concise Oxford English dictionary online.
Jump up ^ Desirable diamonds: The world's most famous gem. by Sarah Todd.
Jump up ^ Wise, R. W., 2006, Secrets of The Gem Trade, The Connoisseur's Guide To Precious Gemstones, Brunswick House Pr, p.36 ISBN 0-9728223-8-0
Jump up ^ Wise, R. W., 2006, Secrets Of The Gem Trade, The Connoisseur's Guide To Precious Gemstones, Brunswick House Pr, p. 15
Jump up ^ Burnham, S.M. (1868). Precious Stones in Nature, Art and Literature. Bradlee Whidden. Page 251 URL: Helen of Troy and star corundum Archived 2010-10-13 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Church, A.H. (Professor at Royal Academy of Arts in London) (1905). Precious Stones considered in their scientific and artistic relations. His Majesty's Stationery Office, Wyman & Sons. Chapter 1, Page 9: Definition of Precious Stones URL: Definition of Precious Stones Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Secrets of the Gem Trade; The Connoisseur's Guide to Precious Gemstones, Richard W Wise, Brunswick House Press, Lenox, Massachusetts., 2003
Jump up ^ "HowStuffWorks" "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-11-06. Retrieved 2014-11-06.
Jump up ^ Monthly, Jewellery (2015-04-02). "A complete guide to Gemstones". Jewellery & Watch Magazine | Jewellery news, jewellery fashion and trends, jewellery designer reviews, jewellery education, opinions | Wrist watch reviews - Jewellery Monthly. Archived from the original on 2017-08-28. Retrieved 2017-08-28.
Jump up ^ "Rapaport report of ICA Gemstone Conference in Dubai". Diamonds.net. 2007-05-16. Archived from the original on 2011-07-26. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
Jump up ^ Introduction to Lapidary by Pansy D. Kraus
Jump up ^ Faceting For Amateurs by Glen and Martha Vargas
Jump up ^ Gemstone Enhancement: History, Science and State of the Art by Kurt Nassau
Jump up ^ Nassau, Kurt (1994). Gem Enhancements. Butterworth Heineman.
Jump up ^ Tanzanite Heating - The Science Archived 2016-06-20 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Jewelers' Circular-keystone: JCK. Chilton Company. 1994. Archived from the original on 2017-11-20.
Jump up ^ "New Process Promises Bigger, Better Diamond Crystals". Carnegie Institution for Science. Archived from the original on 1 December 2010. Retrieved 7 January 2011.
Jump up ^ Folkard, Claire; Freshfield, Jackie; Masson, Carla; Dimery, Rob (12 December 2017). "Guinness World Records 2005". Guinness World Records Limited. Retrieved 12 December 2017 – via Google Books.
Jump up ^ "HIBONITE: A NEW GEM MINERAL" (PDF).
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gemstones.
Farlang online library of gemological books
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Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Jesus Christ Superstar
Live in Concert
Genre
Musical
Rock opera
Based on
Jesus Christ Superstar
by Andrew Lloyd Webber & Tim Rice
Directed by
David Leveaux
Alex Rudzinski
Starring
John Legend
Sara Bareilles
Brandon Victor Dixon
Alice Cooper
Norm Lewis
Ben Daniels
Jason Tam
Jin Ha
Erik Gronwall
Composer(s)
Andrew Lloyd Webber
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
Production
Executive producer(s)
Tim Rice
Andrew Lloyd Webber
Marc Platt
Craig Zadan
Neil Meron
John Legend
Mike Jackson
Ty Stiklorius
Alex Rudzinski
Location(s)
Marcy Avenue Armory, Williamsburg, Brooklyn,
New York City, New York
Running time
140 minutes
Production company(s)
Sony Pictures Television
Storyline Entertainment
Marc Platt Productions
Universal Television
Release
Original network
NBC
Picture format
HDTV 1080i
Original release
April 1, 2018 (2018-04-01)
Chronology
Preceded by
Hairspray Live!
Followed by
Hair Live!
External links
Official website
Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert is an American musical television special that was broadcast live on NBC on April 1, 2018 (Easter Sunday). Executive produced by Craig Zadan, Neil Meron, Andrew Lloyd Webber, Tim Rice, and Marc Platt, it was a staged concert performance of the 1970 rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar.
Contents
[hide]
1 Description and plot
2 Cast and characters
2.1 Main
2.2 Ensemble
2.3 Dancers
3 Musical numbers
4 Production
4.1 Development
4.2 Casting
4.3 Filming
4.4 Marketing
5 Reception
5.1 Critical response
5.2 Ratings
6 Other media
6.1 Andrew Lloyd Webber: Tribute to a Superstar
6.2 Soundtrack
6.2.1 Track listing
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Description and plot[edit]
Main article: Jesus Christ Superstar § Plot
The musical is almost entirely sung-through, with a minimal to no amount of spoken dialogue. The plot is loosely based on the Canonical Gospels' accounts of the last week of the life of Jesus Christ, beginning with the preparation for the arrival of Jesus and his disciples in Jerusalem and ending with the crucifixion.
The apostle Judas Iscariot is worried that Jesus has become too swept up in the adoration of his followers, rather than focusing on his teachings about taking care of the poor, and that his following has grown too large and outspoken, which could soon provoke the wrath of the Roman empire ("Heaven on Their Minds"). Judas also object to Jesus spending his time with Mary Magdalene ("What's the Buzz / Strange Thing Mystifying"), who advises Jesus to relax ("Everything's All Right"). Judas's fears prove justified as priests Caiaphas, Annas and more gather and agree that Jesus and his movement must be crushed ("This Jesus Must Die"). Jesus enters Jerusalem filled with exaltation ("Hosanna") until he discovers that his temple has become overrun with unscrupulous merchants and money lenders. Overwhelmed by a throng of people needing his assistance, he tells them to heal themselves, and his follower Mary Magdalene attempts to calm him. Fearing that Jesus' movement is getting out of control, Judas goes to the Priests and tells them where Jesus will be the following night. The Priests pay him with 30 pieces of silver. Judas arrives at Jesus' location with Roman soldiers and identifies Jesus by kissing him on the cheek. The soldiers arrest Jesus and send him to Caiaphas, then Pontius Pilate, King Herod, and finally back to Pilate, who condemns him to death on the cross.
Cast and characters[edit]
Main[edit]
John Legend as Jesus Christ
Sara Bareilles as Mary Magdalene
Brandon Victor Dixon as Judas Iscariot
Alice Cooper as King Herod
Norm Lewis as Caiaphas
Ben Daniels as Pontius Pilate
Jason Tam as Peter
Jin Ha as Annas
Erik Grönwall as Simon Zealotes
Ensemble[edit]
Melody Betts
Felicia Boswell
Abby Corrigan
Micaela Diamond
Rory Donovan
Christine Dwyer
Mike Evariste
F. Michael Haynie
Charissa Hogeland
Bre Jackson
Mykal Kilgore
Billy Lewis Jr.
Justin Gregory Lopez
Angel Lozada
Vince Oddo
Kyle Taylor Parker
Joel Perez
Jonah Platt
Conor Ryan
Christina Sajous
Justin Matthew Sargent
Heath Saunders
Joey Taranto
Syndee Winters
Lauren Zakrin
Dancers[edit]
Chloe Davis
Timothy Edwards
Shelby Finnie
Bahiyah Hibah
Juel D. Lane
Terk Lewis
Mayte Natalio
Sarah Parker
Willie Smith III
Maleek Washington
Musical numbers[edit]
The musical numbers from the track list of the soundtrack.[1]
Act I
"Overture" – Orchestra
"Heaven on Their Minds" – Judas
"What's the Buzz / Strange Thing Mystifying" – Judas, Jesus, Mary, and Ensemble
"Everything's Alright" – Mary, Judas, Jesus, and Ensemble
"This Jesus Must Die" – Caiaphas, Annas, and Ensemble
"Hosanna" – Jesus, Caiaphas, and Ensemble
"Simon Zealotes / Poor Jerusalem" - Simon Zealotes and Ensemble
"Pilate's Dream" – Pontius Pilate
"The Temple" - Jesus and Ensemble
"Everything's Alright (Reprise)" – Jesus and Mary
"I Don't Know How to Love Him" – Mary
"Damned for All Time / Blood Money" – Judas, Annas, Caiaphas, and Ensemble
Act II
"The Last Supper" – Jesus, Judas, and Ensemble
"Gethsemane (I Only Want to Say)" – Jesus
"Transition" – Jesus and Judas
"The Arrest" – Jesus, Peter, Annas, Caiaphas, and Ensemble
"Peter's Denial" – Peter, Mary, and Ensemble
"Pilate and Christ" – Pilate, Soldier, Jesus, Ensemble
"King Herod's Song" – Herod and Company
"Transition After Herod" – Orchestra
"Could We Start Again, Please?" – Mary and Peter
"Judas' Death" – Judas, Annas, Caiaphas, and Ensemble
"Trial Before Pilate (Including the 39 Lashes)" – Pilate, Caiaphas, Jesus, and Ensemble
"Superstar" – Judas and Ensemble
"The Crucifixion" – Jesus and Ensemble
"John Nineteen: Forty One" – Orchestra
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
In May 2017, NBC announced that their next live musical event would be a production of Jesus Christ Superstar. It was reported that Craig Zadan and Neil Meron would serve as executive producers alongside Marc Platt, Andrew Lloyd Webber, and Tim Rice.[2][3][4]
In December 2017, NBC announced that British theater director David Leveaux would direct[5] and that the show would be performed in front of a live audience at the Marcy Avenue Armory in Williamsburg, Brooklyn.[6]
Members of the creative crew included costume designer Paul Tazewell and choreographer Camille A. Brown.[7]
Casting[edit]
In December 2017, the producers announced that Alice Cooper had been cast as King Herod[5] and John Legend had been cast in the title role of Jesus Christ.[6] The following month, it was announced that Sara Bareilles would play Mary Magdalene.[8] In February 2018, it was announced that Brandon Victor Dixon, Norm Lewis, Ben Daniels, Jason Tam, Jin Ha and Erik Gronwall had been cast as Judas, Caiaphas, Pontius Pilate, Peter, Annas and Simon Zealotes, respectively.[9][10][11]
The production included a cast of forty-four actors, including Joel Perez and Lauren Zakrin, and additional dancers.[12][13][14]
Filming[edit]
The live production included an on-camera audience of about 1,500 people. Some of these extras lined two sides of the stage and formed a mosh pit effect.[15] The production was expected to utilize as many as twelve cameras to film the special.[12] In addition, a full dress rehearsal performance took place on Saturday, March 31, 2018 in front of an invited audience and was recorded. In the event of any difficulties during the live broadcast, the recording served as an emergency backup. It was ultimately not needed.[16]
Marketing[edit]
On January 7, 2018, NBC aired the first teaser trailer for the special during their broadcast of the 75th Golden Globe Awards.[17]
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert has been met with an overwhelmingly positive response from critics since it aired. On the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the production holds a 100% approval rating with an average rating of 8.5 out of 10 based on 23 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "Shaking up traditional religious and musical iconography, Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert is a sight to be heard, superbly infiltrating the classic source material with originality, rock legend star power, and soulful depth."[18] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the production a score of 81 out of 100 based on 13 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[19]
In a positive review, The New York Times's Noel Murray praised the special saying, "A conceptual and artistic triumph, NBC’s live telecast of Jesus Christ Superstar on Easter Sunday may have finally justified the recent live musical fad on network TV. Some technical flubs and one mixed-bag lead performance aside, the production was genuinely thrilling, taking chances with the staging of a classic but controversial Broadway show, much more daring than previous live musical broadcasts like The Sound of Music or Peter Pan."[20] Offering similar acclaim, The Hollywood Reporter's David Rooney said, "But here's the thing: This was a phenomenally balanced production of Jesus Christ Superstar, in which star power was equaled by depth of feeling and characterization in all the principals. And the immediacy of television, with close-ups capable of bringing us in tight on the performers' faces, gave Jesus and Mary Magdalene a complexity that often is missing from conventional productions."[21] Lorraine Ali of The Los Angeles Times also lauded the production saying, "The show was a collision of religion and theater and pop culture that could have been one holy mess. But by the grace of God, or maybe a great cast and lots and lots of expert staging, a great musical became a great TV production."[22] In a more mixed review, Maureen Ryan of Variety said, "This musical threw together glitter, sequins, leather, writhing hotties, a few big performances pitched to the last row, and camerawork that often felt as though it was hopped up on too many lattes. Actually, the ragged edges of a unifying concept did emerge over the course of the NBC musical’s two-hour-and-20-minute running time: If its philosophy could be summed up in one word, “excess” would just about cover it. That’s not necessarily a bad thing. But this live show was a lot."[23]
Ratings[edit]
The production was watched by a total of 9.6 million viewers and earned a 1.7 rating in adults 18-49 in Live + Same Day.[24] It was the most-viewed program of the night of both network and cable programming.[25]
Other media[edit]
Andrew Lloyd Webber: Tribute to a Superstar[edit]
Promotional poster.
On March 28, 2018, a one-hour special titled Andrew Lloyd Webber: Tribute to a Superstar premiered on NBC in honor of Webber's 70th birthday and to promote the coming premiere of Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert. In the special, Webber was interviewed by Glenn Close, John Legend, and Lin-Manuel Miranda. It also included appearances by some of the performers from Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert in various rehearsal scenes from the show.[26]
The special was executive produced and directed by Brad Lachman and written and produced by Matt Lachman. Interviews were conducted at Sardi's restaurant, Power Station recording studio, and the Renaissance Hotel Times Square. Production companies involved in the special included Brad Lachman Productions and Universal Television.[27][28]
Soundtrack[edit]
Jesus Christ Superstar
Live in Concert
Soundtrack album by Cast of Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert
Released
April 6, 2018
Label
Sony Masterworks
An official soundtrack was released by Sony Masterworks, digitally on April 6, 2018, and physically on April 27, 2018.[29]
Track listing[edit]
All music composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice.
No.
Title
Length
1. "Overture" 4:29
2. "Heaven on Their Minds" 4:30
3. "What's The Buzz / Strange Thing Mystifying" 4:22
4. "Everything's Alright" 4:05
5. "This Jesus Must Die" 3:36
6. "Hosanna" 2:59
7. "Simon Zealotes / Poor Jerusalem" 5:12
8. "Pilate's Dream" 1:48
9. "The Temple" 5:17
10. "Everything's Alright (Reprise)" 0:40
11. "I Don't Know How to Love Him" 3:40
12. "Damned for All Time / Blood Money" 4:33
13. "The Last Supper" 7:10
14. "Gethsemane (I Only Want to Say)" 5:44
15. "Transition" 0:22
16. "The Arrest" 4:02
17. "Peter's Denial" 0:38
18. "Pilate and Christ" 2:58
19. "King Herod's Song" 3:22
20. "Transition After Herod" 0:39
21. "Could We Start Again, Please?" 2:35
22. "Judas's Death" 4:54
23. "Trial Before Pilate (Including The 39 Lashes)" 6:19
24. "Superstar" 4:34
25. "The Crucifixion" 1:48
26. "John Nineteen: Forty One" 2:48
27. "Curtain Call" 2:34
Total length: 1:35:00
See also[edit]
2018 in American television
The Passion, a 2016 television special on Fox
Christianity portal
Musical theatre portal
Television in the United States portal
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert (Original Soundtrack of the NBC Television Event) by Original Television Cast of Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert on Apple Music". iTunes. April 6, 2018. Retrieved March 31, 2018.
Jump up ^ Wagmeister, Elizabeth (May 10, 2017). "'Jesus Christ Superstar' Set as NBC's Next Live Musical". Variety.com. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ Gans, Andrew (May 10, 2017). "NBC Will Broadcast Jesus Christ Superstar Live! - Playbill". Playbill.com. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ James Hibberd (May 10, 2017), "Jesus Christ Superstar is NBC's next live musical", Entertainment Weekly
^ Jump up to: a b Pedersen, Erik (December 8, 2017). "'Jesus Christ Superstar Live!': Alice Cooper to Play King Herod; David Leveaux Directs". Deadline. Retrieved December 8, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b White, Peter (December 19, 2017). "John Legend To Play Jesus In NBC's 'Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert!'". Deadline. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Littleton, Cynthia (February 28, 2018). "Music and Audience Take Center Stage in NBC's 'Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert'". Variety. Retrieved March 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (January 6, 2018). "'Jesus Christ Superstar': Sara Bareilles To Play Mary Magdalene In NBC Live Staging". Deadline. Retrieved January 6, 2018.
Jump up ^ Clement, Olivia (February 22, 2018). "Hamilton's Brandon Victor Dixon to Star as Judas In NBC's Live Jesus Christ Superstar | Playbill". Playbill. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ Boedeker, Hal (February 2, 2018). "'Jesus Christ Superstar': Norm Lewis to play Caiaphas". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ Ramos, Dino-Ray (February 22, 2018). "'Hamilton' Star Brandon Victor Dixon To Star As Judas In NBC's 'Jesus Christ Superstar'". Deadline. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Dawn, Randee (March 28, 2018). "NBC's 'Jesus Christ Superstar Live' Blends the Crafts". Variety. Retrieved April 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Flip Through Our Exclusive Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert Playbill | Playbill". Playbill. March 30, 2018. Retrieved April 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Credits | NBCUniversal Media Village". NBCUniversal Media Village. Retrieved April 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ Zuckerman, Esther (March 29, 2018). "Can Jesus Christ Superstar Live Capture the Holy Grail?". Variety. Retrieved April 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ Brandt, Robert (April 3, 2018). "Drummer Jamey Tate Talks Jesus Christ Superstar Live". Prologix Percussion Blog. Retrieved April 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ Hayes, Dade (January 8, 2018). "NBC Promo For 'Jesus Christ Superstar' Primes Viewers For Easter Music Miracle". Deadline. Retrieved April 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert (2018)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved April 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ Murray, Noel (April 2, 2018). "Review: In 'Jesus Christ Superstar,' an Old Story for (Yet Another) New Millennium". The New York Times. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ Rooney, David (April 1, 2018). "'Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert': TV Review". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ Ali, Lorraine (April 2, 2018). "NBC's 'Jesus Christ Superstar Live' shouldn't have worked. Here's why it did". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ Ryan, Maureen (April 1, 2018). "TV Review: 'Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert' on NBC". Variety. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (April 2, 2018). "'Jesus Christ Superstar Live In Concert' Tops 'American Idol' & 'The Passion' To Lead Easter Sunday Ratings – Update". Deadline. Retrieved April 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (April 3, 2018). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 4.1.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ Fujishima, Kenji (March 28, 2018). "NBC to Air Andrew Lloyd Webber Tribute to a Superstar". TheatreMania. Retrieved April 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Watch Now! NBC Honors Andrew Lloyd Webber With 'Tribute to a Superstar'". Broadway World. March 29, 2018. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ Nassour, Elliot (March 26, 2018). "Andrew Lloyd Webber – theaterlife". Theater Life. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ Gans, Andrew (March 20, 2018). "Masterworks Broadway Will Release Recording of Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert | Playbill". Playbill. Retrieved April 2, 2018.
External links[edit]
Official website
Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert on IMDb
hide
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Jesus Christ Superstar
Music by Andrew Lloyd Webber
Book and Lyrics by Tim Rice
Songs
"Everything's Alright"
"This Jesus Must Die"
"I Don't Know How to Love Him"
"Superstar"
Versions
Concept album
Film
Cast recordings
1972 and 1992 Australian cast
1972 Swedish cast
1996 London cast
Related
Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert (2018)
Superstar
hide
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NBC Live! musicals
Past
The Sound of Music Live! (2013)
Peter Pan Live! (2014)
The Wiz Live! (2015)
Hairspray Live! (2016)
Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert (2018)
Upcoming
Hair Live! (Spring 2019)
Bye Bye Birdie Live! (Winter 2019)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jesus_Christ_Superstar_Live_in_Concert&oldid=845792891"
Categories:
2010s American television specials
2018 in American television
2018 soundtracks
2018 television specials
English-language television programs
Jesus Christ Superstar
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