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Wicked Tuna: Outer Banks
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Wicked Tuna: Outer Banks
Genre
Reality Television
Country of origin
United States
No. of seasons
4
No. of episodes
38
Production
Executive producer(s)
Craig Piligian
Running time
60 minutes
Production company(s)
Pilgrim Studios
Release
Original network
National Geographic Channel
Original release
August 17, 2014 (2014-08-17) – present
Chronology
Related shows
Wicked Tuna
External links
Website
Wicked Tuna: Outer Banks (previously known as Wicked Tuna: North vs. South) is a reality television series about commercial tuna fishermen based in the Outer Banks who fish for the lucrative Atlantic bluefin tuna off the coast of North Carolina. The teams of fishermen battle each other to see who can catch the most fish, while trying to earn their livelihood.
In addition to offering an inside look at one of America's oldest industries, Wicked Tuna: Outer Banks also sheds light on important issues surrounding the fate of the bluefin tuna. Captains adhere to U.S. regulations that determine size limits and quotas for the season.[1]
Wicked Tuna: Outer Banks is a spin-off of Wicked Tuna. Several vessels from the original show also appear in this version. Originally called Wicked Tuna: North vs. South, the name of the show was changed at the beginning of the second season.[2] Season 3 began airing on July 26, 2016.[3]
Season 4 premiered on Sunday July 30/2017 on the National Geographic channel.
Contents
[hide]
1 Vessels
2 Episodes
2.1 Series overview
2.2 Season 1 (2014)
2.3 Season 2 (2015)
2.4 Season 3 (2016)
2.5 Season 4 (2017)
2.6 Season Winners
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Vessels[edit]
Name
Captain
Seasons
Ref.
Hard Merchandise Dave Marciano Season 1 - Season 3 [4]
Doghouse Britton Shackelford Season 1 - present [5]
The Pinwheel Tyler McLaughlin Season 1 - present [6]
Fishin’ Frenzy Greg Mayer Season 1 - present [7]
The Hot Tuna TJ Ott Season 1 - present [8]
Reels of Fortune Charlie "Griff" Griffin Season 2 - present [9]
Foolish Pleasures Dale Lisi Season 3 - present [10]
Wahoo Reed Meredith Season 1 [11]
Reel Action Tami Gray Season 2 [12]
Little Shell Nick Gowitzka Season 4 - present
Episodes[edit]
Series overview[edit]
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
First aired
Last aired
1 10 August 17, 2014 (2014-08-17) October 19, 2014 (2014-10-19)
2 10 July 19, 2015 (2015-07-19) September 20, 2015 (2015-09-20)
3 10 July 25, 2016 (2016-07-25) September 26, 2016 (2016-09-26)
4 8 July 30, 2017 (2017-07-30) September 17, 2017 (2017-09-17)
Season 1 (2014)[edit]
No. in Season
Title
Original airdate
1
"Yankee Invasion" August 17, 2014 (2014-08-17)
After a disappointing North Atlantic bluefin tuna season, Captain Dave Marciano of the Hard Merchandise and Captain TJ Ott of the Hot Tuna travel south full steam into the waters of the Outer Banks, N.C., to extend their season and salvage their losses. In the South, the competition is fiercer and the stakes are higher than ever before. The 500-mile steam is a huge gamble on what could be a massive payday ' or a huge financial loss.
2
"Southern Discomfort" August 24, 2014 (2014-08-24)
The Southern captains fear a full-scale Yankee invasion of their waters when another Northern boat ' the Pin Wheel with Captain Tyler McLaughlin ' comes steaming into the Outer Banks. This trip, McLaughlin is desperate to make up for the embarrassing last-place finish he landed last season, and to help him he adds Paul Hebert onboard as co-captain. As the Pin Wheel steams in, they're greeted with gunshots by the Southerners, showing there is no room for Southern hospitality.
3
"Bluefin or Bust" August 31, 2014 (2014-08-31)
With six of the finest tuna fisherman traversing the Outer Banks in the hunt for bluefin, competition gets super competitive. The strict bluefin quota is rapidly starting to fill, and time is of the essence for all the captains. Dave Marciano has been unable to land a single catch and fears the huge gamble he made in traveling south will not pay off. If he doesn't catch a fish in the next two days, he won't be able to afford to stay in the Carolinas and will have to head back to Gloucester.
4
"We’re Not in Gloucester Anymore" September 7, 2014 (2014-09-07)
Weather in the Outer Banks takes a turn for the worse, pitting man against sea as the turbulent Atlantic Ocean threatens the fishermen's quest for bluefin tuna. With ominous weather looming and the bluefin quota quickly filling, the pressure is on for the Northern and Southern boats to act fast or risk financial ' or nautical ' disaster. The Fishin' Frenzy leads the fleet and Captain Greg Mayer uses his knowledge of the Carolina waters to head out early before the windy weather escalates.
5
"Ice Ice Tuna" September 14, 2014 (2014-09-14)
Winter releases its fury on the Northern and Southern boats as a dangerous storm makes its way through the Outer Banks, giving the fishermen their toughest battle yet, facing high winds, snow and boat-crushing ice. The strain gets heavier for each fisherman as the ongoing hazardous weather obstructs their hunt for bluefin tuna. Southern captains Greg Mayer of the Fishin' Frenzy and Reed Meredith of the Wahoo continue to fight it out for top spot in the fleet.
6
"By Hook or By Crook" September 21, 2014 (2014-09-21)
Local rivals Fishin' Frenzy and Wahoo strive to out-fish one another and become the top-earning boat of the fleet. Meanwhile, Southern captain Britton Shackelford and his first mate Caine are struggling to make ends meet with only one catch so far. Northern captains TJ Ott of Hot Tuna, Dave Marciano of Hard Merchandise and Tyler McLaughlin of Pin Wheel all look to haul in as much of the remaining quota as they can to justify their 550-mile trip down from Gloucester.
7
"From Rods to Riches" September 28, 2014 (2014-09-28)
The Meredith brothers continue to reign on the Wahoo, but trouble with their hydraulic lines might put their lead in jeopardy. McLaughlin and Hebert of Pin Wheel have shot up to second place. Fishin' Frenzy's luck takes a turn for the worse when it wastes an entire afternoon reeling in the wrong kind of fish. Hard Merchandise has had a hot streak of big catches, but engine trouble threatens to put an end to its success. Doghouse continues to struggle, trailing the other boats by a wide margin.
8
"Doghouse Afternoon" October 5, 2014 (2014-10-05)
To make ends meet, Captain Britton Shackelford on Doghouse takes charter clients out for the day. For rivals Fishin' Frenzy and Wahoo, Fishin' Frenzy's captain Greg Mayer is back on top. With the end of the season only days away, both are desperate to stay ahead of the Meredith brothers. For Dave Marciano onboard the Hard Merchandise, the stress of catching bluefin has begun to take a toll on his health. The rivalry between Tyler McLaughlin on Pin Wheel and TJ Ott on Hot Tuna heats up.
9
"Tick Tock Tuna" October 12, 2014 (2014-10-12)
Pin Wheel and rivals Fishin' Frenzy and Wahoo lead the race with seven tuna each. Captain Greg Mayer of Fishin' Frenzy is desperate for catches to reclaim their top spot, while the Wahoo brothers Reed and Banks Meredith are determined to stay in the top spot. Pin Wheel Co-Captains Tyler McLaughlin and Paul Hebert are a stone's throw away from beating all of the Southern boats in their own backyard. Doghouse, Hard Merchandise and Hot Tuna struggle to haul in fish for the remainder of the season.
10
"The Fat Tuna Sings" October 19, 2014 (2014-10-19)
Wahoo leads the fleet, but local rival Fishin' Frenzy and invader Pin Wheel are serious threats for the top spot. Hard Merchandise needs one more bluefin to make the expensive trip south profitable, while Doghouse and Hot Tuna fight to earn one final paycheck to salvage their seasons. When captain Greg Mayer of Fishin' Frenzy receives the official call that the quota will close the next day at midnight, everyone races to catch more bluefin and reach the buyers in time to make the final sale.
Season 2 (2015)[edit]
No. in Season
Title
Original airdate
1
"First Strike" July 19, 2015 (2015-07-19)
It’s opening day of the Outer Banks bluefin season, and the captains battle it out to make the season’s first catch. Captain Charlie “Grif” Griffin may be new to the competition, but he’s a legend in these waters. Grif fishes alongside his son and, despite the competition, he forms a friendship with Gloucester captain Dave Marciano of the Hard Merchandise. Grif offers to help Marciano navigate the treacherous currents that run through Oregon Inlet as boats pass under Bonner Bridge. It’s a dangerous gamble — if they make it through they’ll reach the fishing grounds, but one wrong move could end both their seasons.
2
"Bombs Away" July 26, 2015 (2015-07-26)
After colliding with Bonner Bridge, Captain Marciano and Captain Griffin struggle to regroup. The boats are banged up, but it’s too early to tell whether they can salvage their seasons or if they’ll have to hang up their rods. Meanwhile, Captain Tami Gray of the Reel Action enters the competition. The Reel Action is one of the few all-female commercial fishing boats on the East Coast, but Tami knows that the only way to get respect is to earn it — by putting meat on deck. And over on the Pinwheel, Captain Tyler McLaughlin encounters a mysterious explosion at sea — a hazard that could jeopardize his fishing trip and cost him a paycheck.
3
"Fins of the Father" August 2, 2015 (2015-08-02)
Captain Charlie Griffin, of Reels of Fortune, might be leading the fleet in the bluefin earning, but his boat has been having problems since his crash into Oregon Inlet’s treacherous Bonner Bridge. When Charlie picks up his boat after mechanics have finished working on the damage, it comes with a $10,000 bill, so now he and his hard-working son Jake must catch that much in fish just to break even. After two back-to-back seasons of being runner-up in New England and North Carolina, confident and cocky young Captain Tyler McLaughlin, of northern boat Pin Wheel, is determined to finish out the season as the No. 1 boat, and will let nothing get in his way — even the fishing lines of other boats.
4
"Salty Gals and Southern Nights" August 9, 2015 (2015-08-09)
At the start of day nine, last season’s champion, Captain Greg Mayer, and his Fishin’ Frenzy crew are the top earners in the Outer Banks’ bluefin tuna fleet. Charlie and Jake Griffin, of the father-and-son operation Reels of Fortune, with a $10,000 boat repair bill still hanging over their heads, are more desperate than ever for a payday. Captain TJ Ott, of the northern boat Hot Tuna, is looking for any advantage he can get to turn his mediocre season around, so he reaches out to southern captain Tami Gray, of the all-female team Reel Action, hoping that a new friendship will lead to a wealth of local knowledge. And on Doghouse, captain Britton Shackelford’s chances of landing his second keeper tuna of the season will all come down to whether his greenhorn son Austin can come through in a dangerous situation.
5
"Wicked Ride" August 16, 2015 (2015-08-16)
At the start of the 11th day on the water in North Carolina, treacherous winter weather in the Outer Banks fishing grounds forces captains to push their limits. Southern boat Reels of Fortune holds a meager lead over last year’s local champion Fishin’ Frenzy, while northern boat Hard Merchandise and local all-female team Reel Action have yet to catch a fish.
6
"Reels of Misfortune" August 23, 2015 (2015-08-23)
In North Carolina’s bluefin tuna fleet, family is at the forefront of the fight to fish hard and make money. On Fishin’ Frenzy, First Mate Nick Gowitzka faces a family emergency unfolding on land that tests his resolve on the water. And Captain Dave Marciano of Hard Merchandise draws on the support of his wife and daughter far away in Gloucester, Massachusetts, as well as a local family fishing operation to help him get through his slump.
7
"Nine-Foot Monster" August 30, 2015 (2015-08-30)
In this episode of Wicked Tuna: Outer Banks, seven crews face the Outer Banks hoping to reel in a fish big enough to keep. But with the luck they have had, prospects are not looking so good. The Fishin’ Frenzy crew lucks out with a big catch and cashes in. With barely a bite, the Doghouse is forced to head in and trust that another day at sea will bring them a big catch. The Hot Tuna crew hopes that their dry spell will end and, with the final reel, they catch one of their largest tuna yet, cashing in over $9,000 for it.
8
"Burn Blubber" September 6, 2015 (2015-09-06)
With the North Carolina season coming to a close and Reels of Fortune battling Fishin’ Frenzy for the top spot, all of the crews desperately struggle to land a fish and secure a paycheck. The Reel Action crew fights to catch up but takes a serious blow when they snag a shark; Tyler and Paul lose a “monstah” paycheck; and Dave and the crew of Hard Merchandise attempt to finally end their dry spell, or they’ll have to cut the season short and head back to Gloucester.
9
"On a Fin and a Prayer" September 13, 2015 (2015-09-13)
With just five days left before the close of the season, the fleet is feeling the pressure. An accident leaves the Reel Action stuck at the dock, giving Captain Tami and her crew a late start, and tensions onboard reach a boiling point. Meanwhile, the Doghouse and Fishin’ Frenzy have the top spot in sight and are scrambling to keep catching before time runs out. And Captain Griff on the Reels of Fortune finds himself in a dangerous situation while navigating Oregon Inlet — a battle where experience and quick thinking are all that stand between life and death.
10
"Wicked End" September 20, 2015 (2015-09-20)
It’s the final two days of the season, and three Southern boats — the Fishin’ Frenzy, the Reels of Fortune and the Doghouse — are all within striking distance of the top spot. As the clock ticks down, the captains are desperate to put meat on deck. The stakes have never been higher: one pulled hook means disaster, but one last catch can mean going home a champion.
Season 3 (2016)[edit]
No. in Season
Title
Original airdate
1
"Back in the Battle" July 25, 2016 (2016-07-25)
It’s bluefin tuna season in the Outer Banks. The fleet is excited to haul in these lucrative giants again — but new obstacles lie ahead.
2
"Wicked Waters" August 1, 2016 (2016-08-01)
As the bluefin season takes off, the treacherous waters of the Outer Banks claim another victim, and the Fishin’ Frenzy and Hot Tuna are first on the scene.
3
"A Bluefin for Boo" August 8, 2016 (2016-08-08)
The unpredictable waters cause more problems for boats in the Outer Banks. The captains feel the pressure as the season starts to slip away from them.
4
"Underdog Day Afternoon" August 15, 2016 (2016-08-15)
With the fishing migration in an unpredictable state, the captains resort to espionage for information but end up with more than they bargained for.
5
"Not How We Operate" August 22, 2016 (2016-08-22)
The fifth week of the fishing season becomes a battle for the best fishing spots. The waters turn turbulent as boats go head-to-head to prove their superiority. When old and new rivals clash on the high seas, the pressure is on to land a fish first using strength and intellect. As the pressure mounts on Gloucester’s bluefin tuna fishermen, captains will do whatever it takes to land a paycheck in their successful fishing spots.
6
"The Karma Kid" August 29, 2016 (2016-08-29)
As the boats are now past the halfway point in the season, the pressure is on to catch enough bluefin tuna to become the No. 1 boat in the fleet.
7
"Old Sailors and Bold Sailors" September 5, 2016 (2016-09-05)
Winter kicks into high gear in the Outer Banks and the captains must choose between safety at shore and risking it all at sea to catch bluefin tuna.
8
"Hostile Waters" September 12, 2016 (2016-09-12)
The Outer Banks bites back as treacherous waters force captains to choose between chasing the fish at great risk, or waiting until conditions improve.
9
"Striking Distance" September 19, 2016 (2016-09-19)
Tyler stuns the fleet with his comeback. The captains struggle to bring in a catch. The boats must stay out overnight to turn their luck around.
10
"Luck Be A Tuna Tonight" September 26, 2016 (2016-09-26)
In the season finale, each captain is desperate to bring in one last catch, and the top-earning boat is revealed.
Season 4 (2017)[edit]
No. in Season
Title
Original airdate
1
"Fighting Frenzy" July 30, 2017 (2017-07-30)
Last season’s champion, Captain Greg Mayer, is determined to land the season’s first fish, but he must contend with a new adversary — his former mate.
2
"Full Throttle" August 6, 2017 (2017-08-06)
Captain TJ Ott is haunted by a terrifying accident at sea, and the Doghouse desperately tries to land its first fish of the season.
3
"Karma's a Fish" August 13, 2017 (2017-08-13)
Captain Greg Mayer sees his lead start to slip away as the competition heats up and one captain brings in the first triple catch of the season.
4
"Dethroned" August 20, 2017 (2017-08-20)
The pressure of losing the top spot wears on Captain Greg Mayer. And Captain Tyler McLaughlin has an unorthodox strategy for turning his luck around.
5
"I'll Slepp Whem I'm Dead" August 27, 2017 (2017-08-27)
The crews of the Doghouse, Foolish Pleasures and Little Shell all jockey to improve their positions before midseason burnout brings them down.
6
"Tuna and the Beast" September 3, 2017 (2017-09-03)
With two weeks left in the season, every captain in the fleet is feeling the pressure to bring in a bluefin and land a paycheck.
7
"Catch Me If You Can" September 10, 2017 (2017-09-10)
The captains push each other to the limit as they scramble to be on top. One fish can make the difference, but only one captain can claim first place.
8
"Title Fight" September 17, 2017 (2017-09-17)
As time runs out, the captains fight to bring in their last catches. Greg Mayer has won the last three seasons. Can another captain defeat him?
Season Winners[edit]
Season
Winner
Captain
Total
Fish Caught
Runner Up
Captain
Total
Fish Caught
Season 1 - 2014
Fishin’ Frenzy
Greg Mayer
$49,634
10
Pin Wheel
Tyler McLaughlin
$47,917
9
Season 2 - 2015
Fishin’ Frenzy
Greg Mayer
$46,720
12
Reels of Fortune
Charlie "Griff" Griffin
$42,220
8
Season 3 - 2016
Fishin’ Frenzy
Greg Mayer
$42,217
10
Pin Wheel
Tyler McLaughlin
$41,530
7
Season 4 - 2017
Reels of Fortune
Charlie "Griff" Griffin
$64,675
10
Pin Wheel
Tyler McLaughlin
$64,045
10
See also[edit]
Wicked Tuna
Deadliest Catch
Lobster Wars
Whale Wars
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "National Geographic Orders 'Wicked Tuna' Spinoff Series From Craig Piligian". Deadline. January 10, 2014. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ "'Wicked Tuna: Outer Banks' Season 2 Premiere Date Announced". OBX Entertainment. May 30, 2015. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ "'Wicked Tuna: Outer Banks' Season 3 First Look Teaser Trailer Released". OBX Entertainment. May 31, 2016. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Doghouse Gallery". National Geographic Channel. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Hard Merchandise Gallery". National Geographic Channel. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Pinwheel Gallery". National Geographic Channel. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Fishin' Frenzy Gallery". National Geographic Channel. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Hot Tuna Gallery". National Geographic Channel. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Reels of Fortune Gallery". National Geographic Channel. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Foolish Pleasures Gallery". National Geographic Channel. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Wahoo Gallery". National Geographic Channel. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Reel Action Gallery". National Geographic Channel. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
External links[edit]
Wicked Tuna: Outer Banks at the National Geographic Channel
Wicked Tuna: Outer Banks on IMDb
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The Black Hills of Dakota (song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Black Hills of Dakota is a song, written for the musical film Calamity Jane, about the singer's love for, and desire to return to, the Black Hills of South Dakota.
The music was written by Sammy Fain, and the lyrics by Paul Francis Webster, in 1953.[1]
The most notable recording of the song was done by Doris Day, issued both on the soundtrack album of the film and as a single.
In 2010, Australian singer Melinda Schneider recorded the song for her Doris Day tribute album "Melinda Does Doris".[2]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.cduniverse.com/search/xx/music/pid/1204754/a/Calamity+Jane.htm
Jump up ^ http://www.dorisdaytribute.com/blog/2010/08/10/melinda-schneider-is-top-of-the-australian-chart-with-her-new-doris-day-tribute-album
This 1950s pop song-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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Minor scale
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the simulated nuclear detonation, see Minor Scale.
In music theory, the term minor scale refers to three scale formations – the natural minor scale (or Aeolian mode), the harmonic minor scale, and the melodic minor scale (ascending or descending)[1] – rather than just one as with the major scale.
In each of these scale formations, the first, third, and fifth scale degrees form a minor triad (rather than a major triad, as in a major scale). In some contexts, minor scale is used to refer to any heptatonic scale with this property[2] (see Related modes below).
Contents
1 Natural minor scale
1.1 Relationship to relative major
1.2 Relationship to parallel major
1.3 Intervals
2 Harmonic minor scale
2.1 Construction
2.2 Harmony
2.3 Uses
3 Melodic minor scale
3.1 Construction
3.2 Uses
4 Key signature
5 Related modes
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
Natural minor scale[edit]
Relationship to relative major[edit]
A natural minor scale (or Aeolian mode) is a diatonic scale that is built by starting on the 6th degree of its relative major scale. For instance, the A natural minor scale can be built by starting on the 6th degree of the C major scale:
Because of this, the key of A minor is called the relative minor of C major. Every major key has a relative minor, which starts on the 6th scale degree or step. For instance, since the 6th degree of F major is D, the relative minor of F major is D minor.
Relationship to parallel major[edit]
A natural minor scale can also be constructed by altering a major scale with accidentals. In this way, a natural minor scale is represented by the following notation:
1, 2, ♭3, 4, 5, ♭6, ♭7, 8
Each degree of the scale, starting with the tonic (the first, lowest note of the scale), is represented by a number. Their difference from the major scale is shown. Thus, a number without a sharp or flat represents a major (or perfect) interval. A number with a flat represents a minor interval. In this example, the numbers mean:
1 = (perfect) unison
2 = major second
♭3 = minor third
4 = perfect fourth
5 = perfect fifth
♭6 = minor sixth
♭7 = minor seventh
8 = (perfect) octave
Thus, for instance, the A natural minor scale can be built by lowering the 3rd, 6th, and 7th degrees of the A major scale by one semitone:
Because of this, the key of A minor is called the parallel minor of A major.
Intervals[edit]
This pattern of whole and half steps characterizes the natural minor scales.
The intervals between the notes of a natural minor scale follow the sequence below:
whole, half, whole, whole, half, whole, whole
where "whole" stands for a whole tone (a red u-shaped curve in the figure), and "half" stands for a semitone (a red broken line in the figure).
The natural minor scale is maximally even.
Harmonic minor scale[edit]
Construction
Theme in harmonic minor from the opening of Schumann's First Symphony (1892/3)[3]
The harmonic minor scale (or Aeolian ♯7 scale) has the same notes as the natural minor scale except that the 7th degree is raised by one semitone, creating an augmented second between the 6th and 7th degrees.
Thus, a harmonic minor scale is represented by the following notation:
1, 2, ♭3, 4, 5, ♭6, 7, 8
Thus, a harmonic minor scale can be built by lowering the 3rd and 6th degrees of the parallel major scale by one semitone.
Because of this construction, the 7th degree of the harmonic minor scale functions as a leading tone to the tonic because it is a semitone lower than the tonic, rather than a whole tone lower than the tonic as it is in natural minor scales. The intervals between the notes of a harmonic minor scale follow the sequence below:
whole, half, whole, whole, half, augmented second, half
Harmony[edit]
The scale is called the harmonic minor scale because it is a common foundation for harmonies (chords) in minor keys. For example, in the key of A minor, the dominant (V) chord (the triad built on the 5th scale degree, E) is a minor triad in the natural minor scale. But when the 7th degree is raised from G♮ to G♯, the triad becomes a major triad.
Chords on degrees other than V may also include the raised 7th degree, such as the diminished triad on VII itself (viio), which has a dominant function, as well as an augmented triad on III (III+), which is not found in any "natural" harmony (that is, harmony that is derived from harmonizing the seven western modes, which include "major" and "minor"). This augmented fifth chord (♯5 chord) played a part in the development of modern chromaticism.
The triads built on each scale degree follow a distinct pattern. The roman numeral analysis is shown below.
An interesting property of the harmonic minor scale is that it contains two chords that are each generated by just one interval:
an augmented triad (III+), which is generated by major thirds
a diminished seventh chord (viio7), which is generated by minor thirds
Because they are generated by just one interval, the inversions of augmented triads and diminished seventh chords introduce no new intervals (allowing for enharmonic equivalents) that are absent from its root position. That is, any inversion of an augmented triad (or diminished seventh chord) is enharmonically equivalent to a new augmented triad (or diminished seventh chord) in root position. For example, the triad E♭–G–B in first inversion is G–B–E♭, which is enharmonically equivalent to the augmented triad G–B–D♯. One chord, with various spellings, may therefore have various harmonic functions in various keys.
Uses[edit]
While it evolved primarily as a basis for chords, the harmonic minor with its augmented second is sometimes used melodically. Instances can be found in Mozart, Beethoven (for example, the finale of his String Quartet No. 14), and Schubert (for example, in the first movement of the Death and the Maiden Quartet). In this role, it is used while descending far more often than while ascending.
The harmonic minor is also occasionally referred to as the Mohammedan scale[4] as its upper tetrachord corresponds to the Hijaz jins, commonly found in Middle Eastern music. The harmonic minor scale as a whole is called Nahawand[5] in Arabic nomenclature, as Bûselik Hicaz[6] in Turkish nomenclature, and as an Indian raga, it is called Kirwani.
The Hungarian minor scale is similar to the harmonic minor scale but with a raised 4th degree. This scale is sometimes also referred to as "Gypsy Run", or alternatively "Egyptian Minor Scale", as mentioned by Miles Davis who describes it in his autobiography as "something that I'd learned at Juilliard".[7]
In popular music, examples of songs in harmonic minor include Katy B's "Easy Please Me", Bobby Brown's "My Prerogative", and Jazmine Sullivan's "Bust Your Windows". The scale also had a notable influence on heavy metal, spawning a sub-genre known as neoclassical metal, with guitarists such as Yngwie Malmsteen, Ritchie Blackmore, and Randy Rhoads employing its use in their music.[citation needed]
Melodic minor scale[edit]
See also: Jazz scale § Modes of the melodic minor scale
Construction[edit]
The distinctive sound of the harmonic minor scale comes from the augmented second between its 6th and 7th scale degrees. While some composers have used this interval to advantage in melodic composition, others felt it to be an awkward leap, particularly in vocal music, and preferred a whole step between these scale degrees for smooth melody writing. To eliminate the augmented second, these composers either raised the sixth degree by a semitone or lowered the seventh by a semitone.
The melodic minor scale is formed by using both of these solutions. In particular, the raised 6th appears in the ascending form of the scale, while the lowered 7th appears in the descending form of the scale. Traditionally, these two forms are referred to as:
the ascending melodic minor scale (also known as the heptatonia seconda,[citation needed] jazz minor scale, or Ionian ♭3): This form of the scale is also the 5th mode of the acoustic scale
the descending melodic minor scale: This form is identical to the natural minor scale
The ascending and descending forms of the A melodic minor scale are shown below:
The ascending melodic minor scale can be notated as
1, 2, ♭3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
while the descending melodic minor scale is
1, 2, ♭3, 4, 5, ♭6, ♭7, 8
Using these notations, the two melodic minor scales can be built by altering the parallel major scale.
Uses[edit]
Theme in G melodic minor from the opening of the second concerto in Vivaldi's L'estro armonico (1711)[8] Although the piece is in G minor, the key signature is for G Dorian (one flat). By convention, in modern notation (and for tonal music written since the common-practice period), key signatures are typically only based on a major (Ionian mode) or minor (natural minor or Aeolian mode) key, not on modes like the Dorian mode.
Composers have not been consistent in using the two forms of the melodic minor scale. Just as often, composers choose one form or the other based on whether one of the two notes is part of the most recent chord (the prevailing harmony).[citation needed] Composers frequently require the lowered 7th degree found in the natural minor in order to avoid the augmented triad (III+) that arises in the ascending form of the scale.
In jazz, only the ascending form of the scale is usually used.[citation needed]
Examples of the use of melodic minor in rock and popular music include Elton John's "Sorry Seems To Be The Hardest Word", which makes, "a nod to the common practice... by the use of F♯ [the leading tone in G minor] as the penultimate note of the final cadence."[9]
Key signature[edit]
In modern notation, the key signature for music in a minor key is typically based on the accidentals of the natural minor scale, not on those of the harmonic or melodic minor scales. For example, a piece in E minor will have one sharp in its key signature because the E natural minor scale has one sharp (F♯).
Major and minor keys that share the same key signature are relative to each other. For instance, F major is the relative major of D minor since both have key signatures with one flat. Since the natural minor scale is built on the 6th degree of the major scale, the tonic of the relative minor is a major sixth above the tonic of the major scale. For instance, B minor is the relative minor of D major because the note B is a major sixth above D. As a result, the key signatures of B minor and D major both have two sharps (F♯ and C♯).
The figure below shows all 12 relative major and minor keys, with major keys on the outside and minor keys on the inside arranged around the circle of fifths.
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Diatonic scales and keys
Flats
Sharps
Major
minor
Major
minor
0 C a C a
1 F d G e
2 B♭ g D b
3 E♭ c A f♯
4 A♭ f E c♯
5 D♭ b♭ B g♯
6 G♭ e♭ F♯ d♯
7 C♭ a♭ C♯ a♯
8 F♭ d♭ G♯ e♯
The table indicates the number of sharps or flats in each scale. Minor scales are written in lower case.
Related modes[edit]
Sometimes scales whose root, third, and fifth degrees form a minor triad are considered "minor scales". In the Western system, derived from the Greek modes, the principal scale that includes the minor third is the Aeolian mode (the natural minor scale), with the minor third also occurring in the Dorian mode and the Phrygian mode. The Dorian mode is a minor mode with a major sixth, while the Phrygian mode is a minor mode with a minor second. The Locrian mode (which is very rarely used) has a minor third but not the perfect fifth, so its root chord is a diminished triad.
See also[edit]
Diatonic functionality
Jazz minor scale
Jazz scale#Modes of the melodic minor scale
Major scale
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Kostka, Stefan; Payne, Dorothy (2004). Tonal Harmony (5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 12. ISBN 0-07-285260-7.
Jump up ^ Prout, Ebenezer (1889). Harmony: Its Theory and Practice, pg. 15, 74, London, Augener.
Jump up ^ Forte, Allen (1979). Tonal Harmony, p.13. Third edition. Holt, Rinhart, and Winston. ISBN 0-03-020756-8.
Jump up ^ United States Patent: 5386757
Jump up ^ "Maqam Nihawand", Maqamworld.com.
Jump up ^ "Buselik Makam", Oud.Eclipse.co.uk.
Jump up ^ Davis, Miles; Troupe, Quincy (1990). Miles, the Autobiography. Simon & Schuster. p. 64. ISBN 0-671-72582-3.
Jump up ^ Forte, Allen (1979). Tonal Harmony, p. 13. Third edition. Holt, Rinhart, and Winston. ISBN 0-03-020756-8.
Jump up ^ Stephenson (2002), p.41.
Further reading[edit]
Hewitt, Michael. 2013. Musical Scales of the World. The Note Tree. ISBN 978-0-9575470-0-1.
Yamaguchi, Masaya. 2006. The Complete Thesaurus of Musical Scales, revised edition. New York: Masaya Music Services. ISBN 0-9676353-0-6.
External links[edit]
Listen to and download harmonised minor scale piano MP3s
Harmonic Minor Scale - Analysis
Modes of the Melodic Minor Scale

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text:
Cups (song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Cups"
Song by Lulu and the Lampshades
A-side
"Cold Water"
Released
February 2011
Genre
Folk-pop
a cappella
Label
Moshi Moshi
Songwriter(s)
A. P. Carter
Luisa Gerstein
Lulu and the Lampshades singles chronology
"Feet To The Sky" / "Rose Tint"
(2009) Feet To The SkyRose Tint2009 "Cold Water" / "Cups"
(2011) Cold WaterCups2011 "Insomniacs Club"
(2013) Insomniacs Club2013
"Cups" is a version of the 1931 Carter Family song "When I'm Gone", usually performed a cappella with a cup used to provide percussion, as in the cup game.[1] It was first performed this way in a YouTube video by Luisa Gerstein and Heloise Tunstall-Behrens as Lulu and The Lampshades[2] in 2009 (under the title "You're Gonna Miss Me").[3] Composition of the song is credited to A. P. Carter and Luisa Gerstein of Lulu and the Lampshades.[4][5]
The song became popular after it was performed by Anna Kendrick in the 2012 film Pitch Perfect.[6] That version also became the official theme song of the 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup tournament.[7]
Contents
[hide]
1 Origin and release
2 Anna Kendrick version
2.1 Chart performance
2.2 Music video
2.3 Charts and certifications
2.3.1 Weekly charts
2.3.2 Certifications
2.3.3 Year-end charts
3 Cover parody
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Origin and release[edit]
The original song "When I'm Gone" was written by A. P. Carter, then recorded in 1931 by the Carter Family (not to be confused with their 1928 song "Will You Miss Me When I'm Gone?").[8] The song was reworked in 1937 by J. E. Mainer.[9] Over the years it has been recorded by many people including Mainer's Mountaineers and Charlie Monroe.[10] In 1940 it was released by Elizabeth Cotten. A vocalist and guitar player. It can also be heard in the film Dan in Real Life.
Lulu and the Lampshades were the first to perform the song using the cup game for percussion. Anna Burden[11] made her own version[12] of the Lulu on Youtube and the Lamspshades video[3] that was discovered by Reddit, and where Anna Kendrick learned the routine,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] prompting dozens of other Youtube users to submit cover versions of the song using the Cup Clap technique.[23] It was soon dubbed The Cup Song.[8][6]
The song is also used for the theme song for the BBC Two sitcom 'Mum' starring Lesley Manville.
Anna Kendrick version[edit]
"Cups (Pitch Perfect's "When I'm Gone")"
Single by Anna Kendrick
from the album Pitch Perfect (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
Released
March 26, 2013
Recorded
2012
Genre
Folk-pop
a cappella
Length
2:07
Label
Republic
UMe
Songwriter(s)
A. P. Carter
Luisa Gerstein
Producer(s)
Ali Dee Theodore
Harvey Mason, Jr.
Jordan Yaeger
Music video
"Cups" on YouTube
Though the song had been popular online for years, mainstream success came when it was incorporated into the film Pitch Perfect in 2012. In the film it is performed by the main character, Beca Mitchell (Anna Kendrick) during an audition for a college a cappella group.[24] Unlike the soundtrack version, the single version of the song was re-produced with additional instrumentation (notably the banjo) by American Music Award-winning music producer Ali Dee Theodore, Jordan Yaeger and Harvey Mason, Jr.. The single version was extended by an additional minute.[25] Prior to the single's release, covers of the song as well as tutorials on how to do the song (using cups) went viral. Kendrick has stated that she learned the song and its cup percussion from watching and doing it many times on Reddit prior to being cast in Pitch Perfect, and it was therefore written into the film.[6]
Chart performance[edit]
Prior to the song's release as a single in March 2013, the song debuted at number 93 on the Billboard Hot 100 for the week ending January 12, 2013. Afterward, the single was released and the song began a slow but steady ascent up the chart. In its 32nd week on the chart, the song reached number 6, its peak position to date. By October 2013, all versions of the song had sold 2.5 million downloads in the US.[26]
On May 4, 2013, "Cups" returned to the top 50 of the ARIA Charts at a new peak of number 44, achieved in part due to the DVD of Pitch Perfect being released in Australia on April 13, 2013. It originally made it to number 48 in January 2013.
Music video[edit]
The song's music video was shot in the fourth week of March 2013, and it was directed by Pitch Perfect's director Jason Moore.[27] It was released on April 12, 2013 on Anna Kendrick's Vevo channel; as of February 2018, it has over 400 million views.[28]
It opens with Anna Kendrick in a restaurant's kitchen cutting dough into biscuits with a styrene-acrylonitrile pebbled tumbler,[29] while looking up longingly at some postcards of far-away places, such as Scotland and Paris, stuck to the refrigerator. She puts the biscuits in the oven, sets a timer, and dusts her hands off with an oscillating fan, before pausing a moment, and then starting the song using the cup on the table. In a long continuous shot, she washes her hands, takes a plate of food from the chef, and makes her way out into the dining area, where all the customers are drumming the cups in various ways. The camera then follows her singing while collecting dirty dishes and cleaning tables, before it pans around and back out wide, showing the entire diner synchronously doing the routine during the bridge section. It then cuts back to her walking back to the kitchen, passing the chef now drumming with a cup instead of wooden utensils, and follows back to her at the table. The timer rings as the song ends, and she looks back up, out towards the dining area where everyone is now normal, realizing it was all her imagination. Taking one last look at the chef, she smiles and exits through the back door.[28][30][31]
Charts and certifications[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (2013)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[32] 44
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[33] 75
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[34] 11
Belgium (Ultratip Wallonia)[35] 2
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[36] 12
Canada AC (Billboard)[37] 2
Canada CHR/Top 40 (Billboard)[38] 32
Canada Hot AC (Billboard)[39] 13
France (SNEP)[40] 181
Ireland (IRMA)[41] 26
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[42] 11
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[43] 14
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[44] 26
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[45] 71
US Billboard Hot 100[46] 6
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[47] 1
US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[48] 2
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[49] 8
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[50]
Platinum 70,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)[51]
Gold 7,500[52]
United States (RIAA)[53]
3× Platinum 2,500,000[26]
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
Since May 2013 RIAA certifications for digital singles include on-demand audio and/or video song streams in addition to downloads.[54]
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (2013)
Position
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[55]
39
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[56]
67
Netherlands (Mega Single Top 100)[57]
48
US Billboard Hot 100[58]
21
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[59]
11
US Adult Pop Songs (Billboard)[60]
13
US Pop Songs (Billboard)[61]
42
Cover parody[edit]
The Maccabeats, a Jewish a capella group from Yeshiva University, covered Kendrick's version and parodied her music video with group members sitting around a Shabbat table singing the Shabbat morning table song "D'ror Yikra" while performing the cups routine.[62][63]
See also[edit]
List of number-one adult contemporary singles of 2013 (U.S.)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Simbuilder5 (11 January 2008). "Tutorial: How to Do the Cup Beat" – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ "LandShapes". YouTube.
^ Jump up to: a b LandShapes (8 June 2009). "You're Gonna Miss Me, Lulu and the Lampshades" – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ "Pitch Perfect Soundtrack". IMDB. Retrieved June 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Anna Kendrick - Cups Lyrics - MetroLyrics". www.metrolyrics.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c Jonah Mae Mabalay (26 January 2013). "The Cup Song (You're Gonna Miss Me) by Anna Kendrick on David Letterman" – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ Sam Wilbur (2 April 2013). "Anna Kendrick, 'Cups' – New Song". AOL Radio Blog. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Cups, You're Gonna Miss Me: Evolution of a Song". Archived from the original on December 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ "A Comprehensive History of the 'Cups' Phenomenon". 15 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Russell, Tony (2004). Country Music Records: A Discography, 1921-1942. Oxford University Press. pp. 189, 582, 632. ISBN 0-19-513989-5.
Jump up ^ "Anna Burden". YouTube.
Jump up ^ Anna Burden (8 June 2011). "You're Gonna Miss Me (Cups)- Lulu and the Lampshades by Anna Burden" – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ "A Comprehensive History of the 'Cups' Phenomenon". 15 August 2013.
Jump up ^ knowyourmeme.com/memes/lulu-and-the-lampshades-cups-covers
Jump up ^ "Two Girls, Two Cups • r/reddit.com". reddit.
Jump up ^ BBYMRLCCOTN (22 June 2010). "Mainers Mountaineers- Miss Me When I'm Gone" – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ "TUTORIAL: How to do the Cup Beat/Clap". YouTube.
Jump up ^ "I think I love her • r/videos". reddit.
Jump up ^ "Girl plays a plastic cup and sings beautifully • r/videos". reddit.
Jump up ^ "Anna Burden". www.facebook.com.
Jump up ^ "Anna Kendrick being adorable doing something she learned from Reddit • r/videos". reddit.
Jump up ^ Hibbard, Laura (7 July 2011). "Amazing "Cups (You're Going To Miss Me)" Covers" – via Huff Post.
Jump up ^ cheesyhero246 (17 August 2006). "Cup Clap Game" – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ Valckrie (30 December 2012). "Pitch Perfect: Anna Kendrick Cups Scene" – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ Jeff Benjamin (March 15, 2013). "Anna Kendrick's 'Cups': Is the 'Pitch Perfect' Song a Radio Hit?".
^ Jump up to: a b "Anna Kendrick Tops AC Chart with 'Cups'". Billboard. October 7, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Chart Notes: Anna Kendrick Finally 'Pitch Perfect' For Radio". Billboard. March 15, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Anna Kendrick - Cups (Pitch Perfect's "When I'm Gone")". youtube.com. Vevo. April 12, 2013.
Jump up ^ https://www.centralrestaurant.com/Value-Series-12-Oz-Pebbled-Tumbler-c68p39359.html
Jump up ^ "Anna Kendrick's 'Cups' Timeline: How Her 'Pitch Perfect' Song Became a Top 10 Hit".
Jump up ^ Bandstand Busking (2 October 2009). "Lulu and the Lampshades - Cups (You're Gonna Miss Me)" – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – Anna Kendrick – Cups". ARIA Top 50 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Anna Kendrick – Cups" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Anna Kendrick – Cups" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Anna Kendrick – Cups" (in French). Ultratip.
Jump up ^ "Anna Kendrick Chart History (Canadian Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved June 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Anna Kendrick Chart History (Canada AC)". Billboard. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Anna Kendrick Chart History (Canada CHR/Top 40)". Billboard. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Anna Kendrick Chart History (Canada Hot AC)". Billboard. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Lescharts.com – Anna Kendrick – Cups" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved November 5, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Chart Track: Week 32, 2012". Irish Singles Chart.
Jump up ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – Anna Kendrick" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40. Retrieved October 27, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Anna Kendrick – Cups" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved November 5, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Anna Kendrick – Cups". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved August 23, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ "Anna Kendrick Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved July 10, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Anna Kendrick Chart History (Adult Contemporary)". Billboard. Retrieved September 12, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Anna Kendrick Chart History (Adult Pop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved September 12, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Anna Kendrick Chart History (Pop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved June 27, 2013.
Jump up ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2013 Singles". Australian Recording Industry Association.
Jump up ^ "New Zealand single certifications – Anna Kendrick – Cups". Recorded Music NZ.
Jump up ^ Singles Archived 2012-03-27 at WebCite at NZ Top 40
Jump up ^ "American single certifications – Anna Kendrick – Cups". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
Jump up ^ "RIAA Adds Digital Streams To Historic Gold & Platinum Awards". Recording Industry Association of America. May 9, 2013. Archived from the original on June 4, 2013. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Canadian Hot 100: 2013 Year-End Charts". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "JAAROVERZICHTEN 2013: Singles" (in Dutch). Ultratop (NL). Hung Medien. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Dutch charts portal" (in Dutch). Mega Single Top 100. Hung Medien. Archived from the original on March 28, 2014. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Hot 100 Songs: 2013 Year-End Chart". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Adult Contemporary Songs: Page 1". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Adult Pop Songs: Page 1". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Pop Songs: Page 1". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "New From the Maccabeats: Dror Yikra (Cups)". Jewish Music Report. 7 October 2013. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
Jump up ^ The Voice Kids (21 March 2014). "Anna Kendrick - Cup-Song (Larissa) - The Voice Kids 2014 - Blind Audition - SAT.1" – via YouTube.
External links[edit]
You're Gonna Miss Me (Cups) Anna Burden's performance of the Lulu and the Lampshades version (YouTube)
Preceded by
"More"
by Usher CONCACAF Gold Cup theme song
2013 Succeeded by
"Sun Goes Down"
by Robin Schulz and Jasmine Thompson
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cups_(song)&oldid=829968943"
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