text:
Battleship Potemkin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the real-life battleship, see Russian battleship Potemkin. For the Pet Shop Boys album, see Battleship Potemkin (album).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This article may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The discussion page may contain suggestions. (February 2018)
Battleship Potemkin
Original Soviet release poster
Directed by
Sergei Eisenstein
Produced by
Jacob Bliokh
Written by
Nina Agadzhanova
Sergei Eisenstein
Intertitles; uncredited:
Nikolai Aseyev
Sergei Tretyakov
Starring
Aleksandr Antonov
Vladimir Barksy
Grigori Aleksandrov
Music by
Edmund Meisel (original 1925 score)
Edison Studio (2017 soundtrack)
Cinematography
Eduard Tisse
Vladimir Popov (Uncredited)
Edited by
Uncredited:
Sergei Eisenstein
Grigori Aleksandrov
Production
company
Mosfilm
Distributed by
Goskino
Release date
21 December 1925 (1925-12-21) (USSR)
Running time
75 minutes
Country
Soviet Union
Language
Silent film
Russian intertitles
Play media
Battleship Potemkin
Battleship Potemkin (Russian: Бронено́сец «Потёмкин», Bronenosets Potyomkin), sometimes rendered as Battleship Potyomkin, is a 1925 Soviet silent film directed by Sergei Eisenstein and produced by Mosfilm. It presents a dramatized version of the mutiny that occurred in 1905 when the crew of the Russian battleship Potemkin rebelled against their officers.
Battleship Potemkin was named the greatest film of all time at the Brussels World's Fair in 1958.[1][2][3] In their important decennial poll, the Sight and Sound magazine named it the 11th greatest movie ever made. [4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
1.1 Act I: Men and Maggots
1.2 Act II: Drama on the Deck
1.3 Act III: A Dead Man Calls for Justice
1.4 Act IV: The Odessa Steps
1.5 Act V: One Against All
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Film style and content
5 The Odessa Steps sequence
5.1 Treatment in other works of art
6 Distribution, censorship and restoration
7 Soundtracks
8 Critical reaction
8.1 La corazzata Kotiomkin
9 See also
10 References
11 Bibliography
12 External links
Plot[edit]
The film is set in June 1905; the protagonists of the film are the members of the crew of the Potemkin, a battleship of the Imperial Russian Navy's Black Sea Fleet. Eisenstein divided the plot into five acts, each with its own title:
Act I: Men and Maggots[edit]
The scene begins with two sailors, Matyushenko and Vakulinchuk, discussing the need for the crew of the Potemkin to support the revolution taking place within Russia. While the Potemkin is anchored off the island of Tendra, off-duty sailors are sleeping in their bunks. As an officer inspects the quarters, he stumbles and takes out his aggression on a sleeping sailor. The ruckus causes Vakulinchuk to awake, and he gives a speech to the men as they come to. Vakulinchuk says, "Comrades! The time has come when we too must speak out. Why wait? All of Russia has risen! Are we to be the last?" The scene cuts to morning above deck, where sailors are remarking on the poor quality of the meat for the crew. The meat appears to be rotten and covered in worms, and the sailors say that "even a dog wouldn't eat this!" The ship's doctor, Smirnov, is called over to inspect the meat by the captain. Rather than worms, the doctor says that the insects are maggots, and they can be washed off before cooking. The sailors further complain about the poor quality of the rations, but the doctor declares the meat edible and ends the discussion. Senior officer Giliarovsky forces the sailors still looking over the rotten meat to leave the area, and the cook begins to prepare borscht although he too questions the quality of the meat. The crew refuses to eat the borscht, instead choosing bread and water, and canned goods. While cleaning dishes, one of the sailors sees an inscription on a plate which reads "give us this day our daily bread." After considering the meaning of this phrase, the sailor smashes the plate and the scene ends.
Act II: Drama on the Deck[edit]
All those who refuse the meat are judged guilty of insubordination and are brought to the fore-deck where they receive religious last rites. The sailors are obliged to kneel and a canvas cover is thrown over them as a firing squad marches onto the deck. The First Officer gives the order to fire, but in response to Vakulinchuk's pleas the sailors in the firing squad lower their rifles and the uprising begins. The sailors overwhelm the outnumbered officers and take control of the ship. The officers are thrown overboard, the ship's priest is dragged out of hiding, and finally the doctor is thrown into the ocean as 'food for the worms'.
Act III: A Dead Man Calls for Justice[edit]
The mutiny is successful but Vakulinchuk, the charismatic leader of the rebels, is killed. The Potemkin arrives at the port of Odessa. Vakulinchuk's body is taken ashore and displayed publicly by his companions in a tent with a sign on his chest that says "For a spoonful of soup" (Изъ-за ложки борща). The citizens of Odessa, saddened yet empowered by Vakulinchuk's sacrifice, are soon whipped into a frenzy against the Tsar and his government by sympathizers. A man allied with the government tries to turn the citizens' fury against the Jews, but he is quickly shouted down and beaten by the people. The sailors gather to make a final farewell and praise Vakulinchuk as a hero. The people of Odessa welcome the sailors, but they attract the police as they mobilize against the government.
Act IV: The Odessa Steps[edit]
The best-known sequence of the film is set on the Odessa steps, connecting the waterfront with the central city. The citizenry of Odessa take to their ships and boats, sailing out to the Potemkin to show their support to the sailors and donate supplies, while a crowd of others gathers at the Odessa steps to witness the happenings and cheer on the rebels. Suddenly a detachment of dismounted Cossacks form battle lines at the top of the steps and march towards a crowd of unarmed civilians including women and children, and begin firing and advancing with fixed bayonets. Every now and again, the soldiers halt to fire a volley into the crowd before continuing their impersonal, machine-like assault, ignoring the people's pleas for humanity and understanding. Meanwhile, government cavalry attack the fleeing crowd at the bottom of the steps as well, cutting down many of those who survived the dismounted assault. Brief sequences show individuals amongst the people fleeing or falling, a baby's pram rolling down the steps, a woman shot in the face, broken spectacles and the high boots of the soldiers moving in unison.
In retaliation the sailors of the Potemkin decide to fire on a military headquarters with the guns of the battleship. Meanwhile, there is news that a squadron of loyal warships is coming to quell the revolt of Potemkin.
Act V: One Against All[edit]
The sailors of the Potemkin decide to take the battleship out from the port of Odessa to face the fleet of the Tsar. Just when battle seems inevitable, the sailors of the Tsarist squadron refuse to open fire, cheering and shouting to show solidarity with the mutineers and allowing the Potemkin, flying the red flag, to pass between their ships.
Cast[edit]
Aleksandr Antonov as Grigory Vakulinchuk (Bolshevik sailor)
Vladimir Barsky as Commander Golikov
Grigori Aleksandrov as Chief Officer Giliarovsky
I. Bobrov as Young sailor flogged while sleeping
Mikhail Gomorov as Militant sailor
Aleksandr Levshin as Petty Officer
N. Poltavseva as Woman with pince-nez
Lyrkean Makeon as the Masked Man
Konstantin Feldman as Student agitator
Beatrice Vitoldi as Woman with the baby carriage
Production[edit]
On the 20th anniversary of the first Russian revolution, commemorative Commission of the Central Executive Committee decided to stage a number of performances dedicated to the revolutionary events of 1905. In addition, as part of the celebrations was suggested a "grand film shown in a special program, with an oratory introduction, musical (solo and orchestral) and a dramatic accompaniment based on a specially written text".[5] Nina Agadzhanova was asked to write the script and direction of the picture was assigned to 27-year-old Sergei Eisenstein.[6]
In the original script the film was to highlight a number of episodes of the 1905 revolution: Russo-Japanese War, massacre of the Armenians, revolutionary events in St. Petersburg, Moscow uprising. Filming was supposed to be conducted in a number of cities of the USSR.[7]
Eisenstein hired many non-professional actors for the film; he sought people of specific types instead of famous stars.[8][7]
Shooting began on March 31, 1925. Sergei began with filming in Leningrad and had time to shoot the railway strike episode, horsecar, city at night and the strike crackdown on Sadovaya Street. Further shooting was prevented by deteriorating weather with fog setting in. At the same time the director faced tight time constraints: the film needed to be finished by the end of the year, although the script was approved only on 4 June. Objectively assessing the situation, Sergei Eisenstein decided to give up the original script, consisting of eight episodes, to focus only on one. This was the uprising on the battleship "Potemkin", which in the all-encompassing scenario of Agadzhanova took up only a few pages (41 frames). Sergei Eisenstein together with Grigori Aleksandrov essentially recycled and extended the script.[9] In addition, during the progress of making the film, some episodes were added which were not provided for in Agadzhanova's scenario or Eisenstein's scenic sketches, such as the storm scene with which the film begins. As a result, the content of the film was very far from the original script by Agadzhanova.
The film was shot in Odessa which at that time was one of the centers of film production and where it was possible to find a suitable warship for shooting.
The first screening of the film took place on December 21, 1925 at a ceremonial meeting dedicated to the anniversary of the 1905 revolution in the Bolshoi Theatre.[10][11]
The premiere took place in Moscow on January 18, 1926 in the 1st Goskinoteatre (now called the Khudozhestvenny).[12][13]
The silent film received a voice dubbing in 1930 (during the life of director Sergei Eisenstein), restored in 1950 (composer Nikolai Kryukov) and reissued in 1976 (composer Dmitri Shostakovich) at Mosfilm with the participation of the USSR State Film Fund and the Museum of S.M. Eisenstein under the artistic direction of Sergei Yutkevich.
In 1925, after sale of the film's negatives to Germany and reediting by director Phil Jutzi, "Battleship Potemkin" was released internationally in a different version from that originally intended. The attempted execution of sailors was moved from the beginning to the end of the film. Later it was subjected to censorship and in the USSR some frames and intermediate titles were removed. The words of Leon Trotsky in the prologue were replaced with a quote from Lenin.[13] In 2005, under the overall guidance of the Foundation Deutsche Kinemathek, with the participation of the State Film Fund and the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art, the author's version of the film was restored with the music by Edmund Meisel.[14]
The battleship "Kniaz Potemkin Tarritcheski" later renamed "Panteleimon" then "Boretz Za Svobodu", was derelict and being scrapped at the time of the film shoot. It is usually stated that the battleship "Twelve Apostles" was used instead, but this was a very different design of vessel from the Potemkin and the film footage matches the Battleship Rostislav more closely. The Rostislav had been scuttled in 1920 but the superstructure remained complete above the water till 1930. Interior scenes were filmed on the cruiser "Komintern". Stock footage of Potemkin class ships were used to show her at sea and stock footage of the French fleet depicted the waiting Russian Black Sea fleet, as was anachronistic footage of triple gun turret Russian Dreadnoughts[15][7]
In the film the rebels raise the red flag on the battleship but the Orthochromatic B/W film stock of that period made a red flag look black so a white flag was used instead. This was handtinted red for 108 frames by Eisenstein himself for the premiere at the Grand Theatre, which was greeted with thunderous applause by the Bolshevik audience.[13]
Film style and content[edit]
The film is composed of five episodes:
"Men and Maggots" (Люди и черви), in which the sailors protest at having to eat rotten meat;
"Drama on the Deck" (Драма на тендре), in which the sailors mutiny and their leader, Vakulinchuk, is killed;
"A Dead Man Calls for Justice" (Мёртвый взывает) in which Vakulinchuk's body is mourned over by the people of Odessa;
"The Odessa Steps" (Одесская лестница), in which imperial soldiers massacre the Odessans.
"One against all" (Встреча с эскадрой), in which the squadron tasked with intercepting the Potemkin instead declines to engage; lowering their guns, its sailors cheer on the rebellious battleship and join the mutiny.
Eisenstein wrote the film as a revolutionary propaganda film,[16][17] but also used it to test his theories of montage.[18] The revolutionary Soviet filmmakers of the Kuleshov school of filmmaking were experimenting with the effect of film editing on audiences, and Eisenstein attempted to edit the film in such a way as to produce the greatest emotional response, so that the viewer would feel sympathy for the rebellious sailors of the Battleship Potemkin and hatred for their overlords. In the manner of most propaganda, the characterization is simple, so that the audience could clearly see with whom they should sympathize.
Eisenstein's experiment was a mixed success; he "was disappointed when Potemkin failed to attract masses of viewers",[19] but the film was also released in a number of international venues, where audiences responded positively. In both the Soviet Union and overseas, the film shocked audiences, but not so much for its political statements as for its use of violence, which was considered graphic by the standards of the time.[1][20][21] The film's potential to influence political thought through emotional response was noted by Nazi propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels, who called Potemkin "a marvelous film without equal in the cinema ... anyone who had no firm political conviction could become a Bolshevik after seeing the film".[21][22] He even was interested in getting Germans to make a similar film. Eisenstein did not like the idea and wrote an indignant letter to Goebbels in which he stated that National Socialistic realism did not have either truth or realism.[23] The film was not banned in Nazi Germany, although Himmler issued a directive prohibiting SS members from attending screenings, as he deemed the movie inappropriate for the troops.[21] The film was eventually banned in some countries, including being banned at various times in both the United States and France, as well as in its native Soviet Union. The film was banned in the United Kingdom longer than any other film in British history.[24]
The Odessa Steps sequence[edit]
The boots of the soldiers shown marching down the "Odessa Steps"
One of the most celebrated scenes in the film is the massacre of civilians on the Odessa Steps (also known as the Primorsky or Potemkin Stairs). This sequence has been assessed as a "classic"[25] and one of the most influential in the history of cinema.[26][27] In the scene, the Tsar's soldiers in their white summer tunics march down a seemingly endless flight of steps in a rhythmic, machine-like fashion, firing volleys into a crowd. A separate detachment of mounted Cossacks charges the crowd at the bottom of the stairs. The victims include an older woman wearing pince-nez, a young boy with his mother, a student in uniform and a teenage schoolgirl. A mother pushing an infant in a baby carriage falls to the ground dying and the carriage rolls down the steps amidst the fleeing crowd.
A baby in a carriage falling down the "Odessa Steps"
A wide shot of the massacre on the "Odessa Steps".
The massacre on the steps, although it did not take place in daylight[28] as portrayed,[29] was based on the fact that there were widespread demonstrations in the area, sparked off by the arrival of the Potemkin in Odessa Harbour. Both The Times and the resident British Consul reported that troops fired on the crowds; deaths were reportedly in the hundreds.[30] Roger Ebert writes, "That there was, in fact, no tsarist massacre on the Odessa Steps scarcely diminishes the power of the scene ... It is ironic that [Eisenstein] did it so well that today, the bloodshed on the Odessa steps is often referred to as if it really happened."[31]
Treatment in other works of art[edit]
British painter Francis Bacon called this Battleship Potemkin image a "catalyst" for his work.
American, Russian-born photographer Alexey Titarenko paid tribute to the Odessa Steps shot in his series City Of Shadows (St.Petersburg, 1991)
The scene is perhaps the best example of Eisenstein's theory on montage, and many films pay homage to the scene, including Terry Gilliam's Brazil, Francis Ford Coppola's The Godfather,[32] Brian De Palma's The Untouchables,[32] George Lucas' Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith,[33] Tibor Takacs' Deathline, Laurel and Hardy's The Music Box, Chandrashekhar Narvekar's Hindi film Tezaab, Shukō Murase's anime Ergo Proxy, and The Magic Christian. Several films spoof it, including Woody Allen's Bananas and Love and Death, Zucker, Abrahams, and Zucker's Naked Gun 33⅓: The Final Insult (though actually a parody of The Untouchables), Soviet-Polish comedy Deja Vu, Jacob Tierney's The Trotsky and the Italian comedy Il secondo tragico Fantozzi. The 2011 October Revolution parade in Moscow featured an homage to the film.
The Irish-born painter Francis Bacon (1909–1992) was profoundly influenced by Eisenstein's images, particularly the Odessa Steps shot of the nurse's broken glasses and open mouthed scream. The open mouth image appeared first in his Abstraction from the Human Form, in Fragment of a Crucifixion, and other works including his famous Head series.[34]
The Russian-born photographer and artist Alexey Titarenko was inspired by and paid tribute to the Odessa Steps sequence in his series "City Of Shadows" (1991–1993), shot near the subway station in Saint Petersburg.[35]
Distribution, censorship and restoration[edit]
Another poster of The Battleship Potemkin
After the first screening the film was not distributed in the Soviet Union and there was a danger that it would be lost among other productions. Poet Vladimir Mayakovsky intervened because his good friend, poet Nikolai Aseev participated in the making of the film’s intertitles. Mayakovsky’s opposing party was Sovkino’s president Konstantin Shvedchikov. He was a politician and friend of Vladimir Lenin who once hid Lenin in his home before the Revolution. He had a primitive taste in film and was an anti-Semite who disliked Eisenstein for his Jewish background. Mayakovsky presented Shvedchikov with a hard demand that the film would be distributed abroad and intimidated Shvedchikov with the fate of becoming a villain in history books. Mayakovsky's closing sentence was "Shvedchikovs come and go, but art remains. Remember that!" Besides Mayakovsky many others also persuaded Shvedchikov to spread the film around the world and after constant pressure from Sovkino he eventually sent the film in Berlin. There Battleship Potemkin became a huge success, and the film was again screened in Moscow.[7]
When Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford visited Moscow in July 1926, they were full of praise regarding Battleship Potemkin and Fairbanks helped distribute the film in the United States and even asked Eisenstein to go to Hollywood. In the United States the film premiered in New York on the 5th of December 1926 at the Biltmore Theatre.[36][37]
It was shown in an edited form in Germany, with some scenes of extreme violence edited out by German distributors. A written introduction by Trotsky was cut from Soviet prints after he ran afoul of Stalin. The film was banned in the United Kingdom[38][39] (until 1954 and X-rated[40][41] until 1978), France, and other countries for its revolutionary zeal.
Today the film is widely available in various DVD editions. In 2004, a three-year restoration of the film was completed. Many excised scenes of violence were restored, as well as the original written introduction by Trotsky. The previous titles, which had toned down the mutinous sailors' revolutionary rhetoric, were corrected so that they would now be an accurate translation of the original Russian titles.
Soundtracks[edit]
To retain its relevance as a propaganda film for each new generation, Eisenstein hoped the score would be rewritten every 20 years. The original score was composed by Edmund Meisel. A salon orchestra performed the Berlin premiere in 1926. The instruments were flute/piccolo, trumpet, trombone, harmonium, percussion and strings without viola. Meisel wrote the score in twelve days because of the late approval of film censors. As time was so short Meisel repeated sections of the score. Composer/conductor Mark-Andreas Schlingensiepen has reorchestrated the original piano score to fit the version of the film available today.
Nikolai Kryukov composed a new score in 1950 for the 25th anniversary. In 1985, Chris Jarrett composed a solo piano accompaniment for the movie. In 1986 Eric Allaman wrote an electronic score for a showing that took place at the 1986 Berlin International Film Festival. The music was commissioned by the organizers, who wanted to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the film's German premiere. The score was played only at this premiere and has not been released on CD or DVD. Contemporary reviews were largely positive apart from negative comment because the music was electronic. Allaman also wrote an opera about Battleship Potemkin, which is musically separate from the film score.
In commercial format, on DVD for example, the film is usually accompanied by classical music added for the "50th anniversary edition" released in 1975. Three symphonies from Dmitri Shostakovich have been used, with No. 5, beginning and ending the film, being the most prominent. A version of the film offered by the Internet Archive has a soundtrack that also makes heavy use of the symphonies of Shostakovich, including his Fourth, Fifth, Eighth, Tenth, and Eleventh.
In 2007, Del Rey & The Sun Kings also recorded this soundtrack. In an attempt to make the film relevant to the 21st century, Neil Tennant and Chris Lowe (of the Pet Shop Boys) composed a soundtrack in 2004 with the Dresden Symphonic Orchestra. Their soundtrack, released in 2005 as Battleship Potemkin, premiered in September 2004 at an open-air concert in Trafalgar Square, London. There were four further live performances of the work with the Dresdner Sinfoniker in Germany in September 2005 and one at the Swan Hunter ship yard in Newcastle upon Tyne in 2006.
The avant-garde jazz ensemble Club Foot Orchestra has also re-scored the film, and performed live accompanying the film. For the 2005 restoration of the film, under the direction of Enno Patalas in collaboration with Anna Bohn, released on DVD and Blu-ray, the Deutsche Kinemathek - Museum fur Film und Fernsehen, commissioned a re-recording of the original Edmund Meisel score, performed by the Babelsberg Orchestra, conducted by Helmut Imig. In 2011 the most recent restoration was completed with an entirely new soundtrack by members of the Apskaft group. Contributing members were AER20-200, awaycaboose, Ditzky, Drn Drn, Foucault V, fydhws, Hox Vox, Lurholm, mexicanvader, Quendus, Res Band, -Soundso- and speculativism. The entire film was digitally restored to a sharper image by Gianluca Missero (who records under the name Hox Vox). The new version is available at the Internet Archive.[42]
A new score for Battleship Potemkin was composed in 2011 by Michael Nyman and is regularly performed by the Michael Nyman Band. The Berklee Silent Film Orchestra also composed a new score for the film in 2011, and performed it live to picture at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, in Washington, D.C. A new electroacoustic score by the composers collective Edison Studio was first performed live in Naples at Cinema Astra for Scarlatti Contemporanea Festival on 25 October 2017 [43]and published on DVD [44]in 5.1 surround sound by Cineteca di Bologna in "L'Immagine Ritrovata" series, along with a second audio track with a recording of the Meisel's score conducted by Helmut Imig.
Critical reaction[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (July 2017)
Battleship Potemkin has received universal acclaim from modern critics. On review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an overall 100% "Certified Fresh" approval rating based on 44 reviews, with a rating average of 9.1 out of 10. The site's consensus reads, "A technical masterpiece, Battleship Potemkin is Soviet cinema at its finest, and its montage editing techniques remain influential to this day."[45] Since its release, Battleship Potemkin has often been cited as one of the finest propaganda films ever made and considered amongst the greatest films of all time.[1][46] The film was named the greatest film of all time at the Brussels World's Fair in 1958.[2] Similarly, in 1952, Sight & Sound magazine cited The Battleship Potemkin as the fourth greatest film of all time and has been voted within the top ten in the magazine's five subsequent decennial polls, dropping to number 11 in the 2012 poll.[47]
In 2007, a two-disc, restored version of the film was released on DVD. Time magazine's Richard Corliss named it one of the Top 10 DVDs of the year, ranking it at #5.[48] It ranked #3 in Empire's "The 100 Best Films Of World Cinema" in 2010.[49] In April 2011, Battleship Potemkin was re-released in UK cinemas, distributed by the British Film Institute. On its re-release, Total Film magazine gave the film a five-star review, stating: "...nearly 90 years on, Eisenstein’s masterpiece is still guaranteed to get the pulse racing."[50]
Directors Orson Welles,[51] Michael Mann[52] and Paul Greengrass[53] placed Battleship Potemkin on their list of favorite films.
Director Billy Wilder has named Battleship Potemkin as his favourite film of all time.
La corazzata Kotiomkin[edit]
In Italy this film is very famous because it's parodied in the comedy film Il secondo tragico Fantozzi as "Sergej Einstein" (a play on "Sergej Eisenstein" and "Albert Einstein")'s La corazzata Kotiomkin ("The dreadnought Kotiomkin"), a very boring and endless film that Ugo Fantozzi and his colleagues are forced to watch many times because one of their managers is an enthusiast of this film.
See also[edit]
List of films considered the best
List of films with a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, a film review aggregator website
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c What's the Big Deal?: Battleship Potemkin (1925). Retrieved March 10, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Battleship Potemkin by Roger Ebert". Archived from the original on 22 November 2010. Retrieved 28 November 2010.
Jump up ^ "Top Films of All-Time". Retrieved 2010-11-28.
Jump up ^ http://www.bfi.org.uk/news/50-greatest-films-all-time
Jump up ^ Наум И. Клейман, К. Б. Левина (eds.). Броненосец "Потемкин.". Шедевры советского кино. p. 24. CS1 maint: Uses editors parameter (link)
Jump up ^ Marie Seton (1960). Sergei M. Eisenstein: a biography. Grove Press. p. 74.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Jay Leyda (1960). Kino: A History of the Russian and Soviet Film. George Allen & Unwin. pp. 193–199.
Jump up ^ Marie Seton (1960). Sergei M. Eisenstein: a biography. Grove Press. pp. 79–82.
Jump up ^ "Шедевр за два месяца". Gorodskie Novosti.
Jump up ^ Sergei Eisenstein (1959). Notes of a film director. Foreign Languages Publishing House. p. 140.
Jump up ^ Esfir Shub (1972). My Life — Cinema. Iskusstvo. p. 98.
Jump up ^ Richard Taylor, Ian Christie, ed. (1994). The Film Factory: Russian and Soviet Cinema in Documents. Routledge. p. 137.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Почему стоит снова посмотреть фильм "Броненосец "Потемкин"". rg.ru.
Jump up ^ ""Потемкин" после реставрации". Pravda.
Jump up ^ Sergei Eisenstein (1959). Notes of a film director. Foreign Languages Publishing House. pp. 18–23.
Jump up ^ "Pet Shop Boys meet Battleship Potemkin". Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 28 November 2010.
Jump up ^ "Battleship Potemkin, Strike, October by Sergei Eisenstein: Appreciation". Retrieved 2010-11-28.
Jump up ^ "Battleship Potemkin". Retrieved 2010-11-28.
Jump up ^ Neuberger, Joan (2003). Ivan the Terrible. New York: I.B. Tauris & Co. Ltd.
Jump up ^ "Battleship Potemkin". Retrieved 2010-11-28.
^ Jump up to: a b c Heinrich Himmler: Order from Top SS Commander (Himmler) about Russian Propaganda Film. Retrieved November 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Triumph of the Will". www.historytoday.com. Retrieved 2006-07-30.
Jump up ^ Marie Seton (1960). Sergei M. Eisenstein: a biography. Grove Press. pp. 326–327.
Jump up ^ "Battleship Potemkin". Archived from the original on 22 November 2010. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
Jump up ^ Battleship Potemkin from Encyclopædia Britannica
Jump up ^ "What Eisenstein created was the action sequence, which is absolutely vital to any modern film. ... Eisenstein’s editing techniques have been used in any film made since that features any type of action sequence at all." from "20 Influential Silent Films Every Movie Buff Should See" by Dylan Rambow, Taste of Cinema, 25 April 2015
Jump up ^ "How 'Battleship Potemkin' reshaped Hollywood" by Andrew O'Hehir, Salon, 12 January 2011
Jump up ^ Bascomb, Neal. Red Mutiny. p. 352. ISBN 978-0-547-05352-3.
Jump up ^ Fabe, Marilyn (1 August 2004). Closely Watched Films: An Introduction to the Art of Narrative Film Technique. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-23862-1. p. 24
Jump up ^ "During the night there were .. fierce conflicts between the troops and the rioters. The dead are reckoned in hundreds." See "Havoc in the Town and Harbour", The Times, 30 June 1905, p. 5.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger. "The Battleship Potemkin", Chicago Sun-Times, 19 July 1998
^ Jump up to: a b "Iconic movie scene: The Untouchables' Union Station shoot-out". Den of Geek. November 16, 2011.
Jump up ^ Xan Brooks (1 February 2008). "Films influenced by Battleship Potemkin". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Peppiatt, Michael (1996). Francis Bacon: Anatomy of an Enigma. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson ISBN 0-297-81616-0.
Jump up ^ Protzman, Ferdinand. "Landscape. Photographs of Time and Place." National Geographic, 2003, ISBN 0-7922-6166-6
Jump up ^ Marie Seton (1960). Sergei M. Eisenstein: a biography. Grove Press. p. 87.
Jump up ^ Jay Leyda (1960). Kino: A History of the Russian and Soviet Film. George Allen & Unwin. p. 205.
Jump up ^ "POTEMKIN (N/A)". British Board of Film Classification. 30 September 1926. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
Jump up ^ Bryher (1922). Film Problems Of Soviet Russia. Riant Chateau TERRITET Switzerland. p. 31.
Jump up ^ "BATTLESHIP POTEMKIN (X)". British Board of Film Classification. 1 January 1954. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Case Study: Battleship Potemkin, Students' British Board of Film Classification website". Sbbfc.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-10-05.
Jump up ^ "Apskaft Presents: The Battleship Potemkin". Internet Archive. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "Prima esecuzione assoluta della sonorizzazione dal vivo de " La corazzata Potëmkin" - Associazione Scarlatti". Associazione Scarlatti (in Italian). 2017-10-17. Retrieved 2017-11-07.
Jump up ^ D-sign.it. "Libri, DVD & Gadgets - Cinestore". cinestore.cinetecadibologna.it. Retrieved 2017-11-06.
Jump up ^ "Battleship Potemkin (1925)". Rotten Tomatoes (Flixster). Retrieved June 10, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Battleship Potemkin". Archived from the original on 2011-03-26. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
Jump up ^ "Sight and Sound Historic Polls". BFI. Archived from the original on 22 January 2011. Retrieved 26 February 2011.
Jump up ^ Corliss, Richard; Top 10 DVDs; time.com
Jump up ^ "The 100 Best Films Of World Cinema – 3. The Battleship Potemkin". Empire.
Jump up ^ "Battleship Potemkin". Total Film. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Fun Fridays – Director's Favourite Films – Orson Welles - Film Doctor". Film Doctor. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "FUN FRIDAYS – DIRECTOR'S FAVOURITE FILMS – MICHAEL MANN - Film Doctor". Film Doctor. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "Fun Fridays – Director's Favourite Films – Paul Greengrass - Film Doctor". Film Doctor. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
Bibliography[edit]
Sergei Eisenstein (1959). Notes of a film director. Foreign Languages Publishing House.
Marie Seton (1960). Sergei M. Eisenstein: a biography. Grove Press.
Jay Leyda (1960). Kino: A History of the Russian and Soviet Film. George Allen & Unwin.
Richard Taylor, Ian Christie, ed. (1994). The Film Factory: Russian and Soviet Cinema in Documents. Routledge.
Bryher (1922). Film Problems Of Soviet Russia. Riant Chateau TERRITET Switzerland.
External links[edit]
Library resources about
Battleship Potemkin
Resources in your library
Resources in other libraries
Media related to The Battleship Potemkin at Wikimedia Commons
The Battleship Potemkin on IMDb
Battleship Potemkin is available for free download at the Internet Archive
Battleship Potemkin at official Mosfilm site with English subtitles
"Battleship Potemkin". Senses of Cinema.com. Archived from the original on 3 January 2006. Retrieved 2006-01-22.
"Potemkin sailor monument". 2odessa.com. Retrieved 2006-08-22. Monument in Odessa, explanation of the mutiny
2011 version with new soundtrack Battleship Potemkin is available for free download at the Internet Archive
Russo-Japanese War Connections> Rebellion or Mutiny on the Potemkin had connection to Russia's defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 - Russian Navy morale was severely damaged.
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Sergei Eisenstein
Glumov's Diary (1923)
Strike (1925)
Battleship Potemkin (1925)
October: Ten Days That Shook the World (1928)
The General Line (1929)
¡Que viva México! (1937)
Bezhin Meadow (1937)
Alexander Nevsky (1938)
Ivan the Terrible (1944-46)
[show]
v
t
e
BFI Sight & Sound Poll
1952
Bicycle Thieves
City Lights
The Gold Rush
Battleship Potemkin
Intolerance: Love's Struggle Throughout the Ages
Louisiana Story
Greed
Le Jour Se Lève
The Passion of Joan of Arc
Brief Encounter
The Rules of the Game
Le Million
1962
Citizen Kane
L'Avventura
The Rules of the Game
Greed
Ugetsu Monogatari
Battleship Potemkin
Bicycle Thieves
Ivan the Terrible
La Terra Trema
L'Atalante
1972
Citizen Kane
The Rules of the Game
Battleship Potemkin
8½
L'Avventura
Persona
The Passion of Joan of Arc
The General
The Magnificent Ambersons
Ugetsu Monogatari
Wild Strawberries
1982
Citizen Kane
The Rules of the Game
Seven Samurai
Singin' in the Rain
8½
Battleship Potemkin
L'Avventura
The Magnificent Ambersons
Vertigo
The General
The Searchers
1992
Critics’
Citizen Kane
The Rules of the Game
Tokyo Story
Vertigo
The Searchers
L'Atalante
The Passion of Joan of Arc
Pather Panchali
Battleship Potemkin
2001: A Space Odyssey
Directors’
Citizen Kane
8½
Raging Bull
La Strada
L'Atalante
The Godfather
Modern Times
Vertigo
The Godfather Part II
The Passion of Joan of Arc
Rashomon
Seven Samurai
2002
Critics’
Citizen Kane
Vertigo
The Rules of the Game
The Godfather
The Godfather Part II
Tokyo Story
2001: A Space Odyssey
Battleship Potemkin
Sunrise
8½
Singin' in the Rain
Directors’
Citizen Kane
The Godfather / The Godfather Part II
8½
Lawrence of Arabia
Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb
Bicycle Thieves
Raging Bull
Vertigo
Rashomon
The Rules of the Game
Seven Samurai
2012
Critics’
Vertigo
Citizen Kane
Tokyo Story
The Rules of the Game
Sunrise
2001: A Space Odyssey
The Searchers
Man with a Movie Camera
The Passion of Joan of Arc
8½
Directors’
Tokyo Story
2001: A Space Odyssey
Citizen Kane
8½
Taxi Driver
Apocalypse Now
The Godfather
Vertigo
The Mirror
Bicycle Thieves
Related
The Sight & Sound Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time
2014
Documentaries
Man with a Movie Camera
Shoah
Sans Soleil
Night and Fog
The Thin Blue Line
Chronique d'un été
Nanook of the North
The Gleaners and I
Dont Look Back
Grey Gardens
[show]
v
t
e
Potemkin
Potemkin / Panteleimon / Borets za Svobodu
Battleship Potemkin (film)
Preceded by: Peresvet class
Followed by: Retvizan
List of Russian battleships
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 200805955
GND: 4400383-3
SUDOC: 113071698
BNF: cb12311326x (data)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battleship_Potemkin&oldid=827813972"
Categories:
1925 films
1920s historical films
Soviet films
Soviet revolutionary propaganda films
Soviet silent feature films
Soviet epic films
Soviet historical films
Silent films
Soviet black-and-white films
Seafaring films based on actual events
Films about mutinies
Films about the 1905 Russian Revolution
Films set in 1905
Films set in Ukraine
Films set in Odessa
Mosfilm films
Films directed by Sergei Eisenstein
Black Sea in fiction
Hidden categories:
CS1 maint: Uses editors parameter
CS1 Italian-language sources (it)
Use dmy dates from January 2015
Articles needing additional references from July 2017
All articles needing additional references
Wikipedia articles needing rewrite from February 2018
All articles needing rewrite
Articles containing Russian-language text
Articles to be expanded from July 2017
All articles to be expanded
Articles using small message boxes
Articles with Internet Archive links
Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers
Articles containing video clips
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
বাংলা
Български
Català
Čeština
Deutsch
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Galego
한국어
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Íslenska
Italiano
עברית
ქართული
Latviešu
Lëtzebuergesch
Lietuvių
Lumbaart
Magyar
മലയാളം
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
Polski
Português
Ripoarisch
Română
Русский
Scots
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
Tagalog
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 26 February 2018, at 21:57.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

value: i

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href title

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value: td

value: b

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

value: span

value: small

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

values:
plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content
presentation

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Nikolai_Aseyev
mw-redirect
Nikolai Aseyev

values: File:Броненосец «Потёмкин», noaudio.ogv

values: <video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%86_%C2%AB%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%91%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%C2%BB%2C_noaudio.ogv/400px--%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%86_%C2%AB%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%91%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%C2%BB%2C_noaudio.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" autoplay="" style="width:400px;height:300px" class="kskin" data-durationhint="4370.36" data-startoffset="0" data-mwtitle="Броненосец_«Потёмкин»,_noaudio.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%86_%C2%AB%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%91%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%C2%BB%2C_noaudio.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-title="Original Ogg file, 400 × 300 (517 kbps)" data-shorttitle="Ogg source" data-width="400" data-height="300" data-bandwidth="516607" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%86_%C2%AB%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%91%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%C2%BB%2C_noaudio.ogv/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%86_%C2%AB%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%91%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%C2%BB%2C_noaudio.ogv.160p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="Low bandwidth WebM (160P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 160P" data-transcodekey="160p.webm" data-width="214" data-height="160" data-bandwidth="125160" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%86_%C2%AB%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%91%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%C2%BB%2C_noaudio.ogv/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%86_%C2%AB%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%91%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%C2%BB%2C_noaudio.ogv.240p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="Small WebM (240P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 240P" data-transcodekey="240p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" data-bandwidth="248944" data-framerate="25"/></video>

values:
/wiki/Sight_and_Sound
mw-redirect
Sight and Sound

values: Edit section: Act III: A Dead Man Calls for Justice

values:
/wiki/Grigory_Vakulinchuk
mw-redirect
Grigory Vakulinchuk

values: ru:Художественный (кинотеатр, Москва)

values: ru:Государственный фонд кинофильмов Российской Федерации

values: Russian State Archive of Literature and Art

values: Revolutionary propaganda (page does not exist)

values: Edit section: Treatment in other works of art

values:
/wiki/The_Untouchables_(1987_film)
mw-redirect
The Untouchables (1987 film)

values: Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith

values:
/wiki/Zucker,_Abrahams,_and_Zucker
mw-redirect
Zucker, Abrahams, and Zucker

values:
/wiki/Deja_Vu_(1988_film)
mw-redirect
Deja Vu (1988 film)

values:
/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(painter)
mw-redirect
Francis Bacon (painter)

values: Edit section: Distribution, censorship and restoration

values: Dresden Symphonic Orchestra (page does not exist)

values: plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content

values: Films that have been considered the greatest ever

values:
/wiki/Empire_(magazine)
mw-redirect
Empire (magazine)

values:
/wiki/Michael_Mann_(director)
mw-redirect
Michael Mann (director)

values: Category:CS1 maint: Uses editors parameter

values: Foreign Languages Publishing House (Soviet Union)

values:
/wiki/National_Geographic_Magazine
mw-redirect
National Geographic Magazine

values:
nofollow
external text
http://bbfc.co.uk/releases/potemkin

values:
/wiki/Corliss,_Richard
mw-redirect
Corliss, Richard

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
plainlist
padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;text-align:left;

values: float:right;clear:right;width:auto;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%

values:
nofollow
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0015648/
external text

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
/wiki/Night_and_Fog_(1955_film)
mw-redirect
Night and Fog (1955 film)

values:
/wiki/Russian_battleship_Panteleimon
mw-redirect
Russian battleship Panteleimon

values: List of battleships of Russia and the Soviet Union

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: navigation navbox Potemkin ;wide;padding:3px

values:
nofollow
external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/200805955

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/4400383-3

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.idref.fr/113071698

values: Category:Soviet revolutionary propaganda films

values: Category:Seafaring films based on actual events

values: Category:Films about the 1905 Russian Revolution

values: Category:Films directed by Sergei Eisenstein

values: Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)

values: Category:Use dmy dates from January 2015

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from July 2017

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:Wikipedia articles needing rewrite from February 2018

values: Category:Articles containing Russian-language text

values: Category:Articles to be expanded from July 2017

values: Category:Articles using small message boxes

values: Category:Articles with Internet Archive links

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers

values: Category:Articles containing video clips

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Battleship_Potemkin
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: المدمرة بوتمكين (فيلم) – Arabic

values: ব্রনিয়েনোসেৎস পটিয়োমকিন – Bangla

values: Броненосецът „Потьомкин“ – Bulgarian

values: رزم‌ناو پوتمکین – Persian

values: 전함 포템킨 – Korean

values: אוניית הקרב פוטיומקין (סרט) – Hebrew

values: ჯავშნოსანი პოტიომკინი – Georgian

values: Šarvuotis Potiomkinas (filmas) – Lithuanian

values: ബാറ്റിൽഷിപ്പ് പൊട്ടംകിൻ – Malayalam

values: 戦艦ポチョムキン – Japanese

values: ਬੈਟਲਸ਼ਿਪ ਪੋਤੇਮਕਿਨ – Punjabi

values: Броненосец «Потёмкин» (фильм) – Russian

values: Оклопњача Потемкин – Serbian

values: Panssarilaiva Potemkin (elokuva) – Finnish

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle

values: Potemkin: Barkong Pangdigma ! (Pelikula) – Tagalog

values: โบรเนโนเซตส์โปติออมกิน – Thai

values: Броненосець «Потьомкін» (фільм) – Ukrainian

values: 战舰波将金号 – Chinese

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Battleship_Potemkin rootpage-Battleship_Potemkin skin-vector action-view