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North Korea at the Olympics
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North Korea at the
Olympics
IOC code
PRK
NOC
Olympic Committee of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Medals
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
16 17 23 56
Summer appearances
1972
1976
1980
1984–1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
2012
2016
Winter appearances
1964
1968
1972
1976–1980
1984
1988
1992
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
Other related appearances
Korea (2018)
North Koreans head for lodging at the Rio 2016 Olympic Village.
The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (commonly known as North Korea) first participated at the Olympic Games in 1964. The National Olympic Committee for North Korea is the Olympic Committee of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, and was created in 1953 and recognized in 1957.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Medal tables
2.1 Medals by Summer Games
2.2 Medals by Winter Games
2.3 Medals by summer sport
2.4 Medals by winter sport
3 List of medalists
3.1 Summer Olympics
3.2 Winter Olympics
4 See also
5 References
5.1 Works cited
6 External links
History[edit]
North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) first participated at the Olympic Games in 1964, appearing only in the Winter Olympic Games that year. Eight years later in 1972, the nation first participated at the Summer Olympic Games. Since then, the nation has appeared in every Summer Games, except when North Korea joined the Soviet-led boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics, and when they boycotted the 1988 Games in Seoul, South Korea.[1]
North Korea's attendance at the Winter Games has been sporadic; eight of the last thirteen Games have included a North Korean team.
During the 1998-2007 Sunshine Policy era, North Korea and South Korea symbolically marched as one team at the opening ceremonies of the 2000[2] and 2004 Olympics, but competed separately.
In 2010 a team competed at the Winter Olympics in Vancouver.
North Korea sent 22 athletes to compete in five sports at the Pyeongchang Winter Olympics in South Korea in February 2018. As in 2000 and 2004, North and South Korean athletes marched together at the opening ceremonies. A unified women's ice hockey team included players from both North and South Korea. North Korean athletes also competed in alpine skiing, figure skating, short track speed skating and cross-country skiing.[3]
Alongside the 22 athletes, North Korea sent a delegation of 400 supporters to the 2018 games. This delegation, led by North Korea's ceremonial head of state Kim Yong-nam, included cheerleaders, taekwondo practitioners and an orchestra.[4]
North Korean athletes have won a total of 56 medals, two of which were won at the Winter Games.
Given its poor economy and small size, North Korea's performance is relatively successful. However, government funding plays a major role in Korea's success. Elite athletes often enjoy highly-developed facilities and luxurious lifestyles, compared with their peers.[1]
Medal tables[edit]
See also: All-time Olympic Games medal count
Medals by Summer Games[edit]
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
1912–1936 as part of Japan (JPN)
1948–1968 did not participate
1972 Munich 1 1 3 5
1976 Montreal 1 1 0 2
1980 Moscow 0 3 2 5
1984 Los Angeles boycotted
1988 Seoul boycotted
1992 Barcelona 4 0 5 9
1996 Atlanta 2 1 2 5
2000 Sydney 0 1 3 4
2004 Athens 0 4 1 5
2008 Beijing 2 2 2 6
2012 London 4 0 2 6
2016 Rio de Janeiro 2 3 2 7
2020 Tokyo future event
2024 Paris
2028 Los Angeles
Total
16
16
22
54
Medals by Winter Games[edit]
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
1928–1936 as part of Japan (JPN)
1948–1960 did not participate
1964 Innsbruck 0 1 0 1
1968 Grenoble did not participate
1972 Sapporo 0 0 0 0
1976 Innsbruck did not participate
1980 Lake Placid did not participate
1984 Sarajevo 0 0 0 0
1988 Calgary 0 0 0 0
1992 Albertville 0 0 1 1
1994 Lillehammer did not participate
1998 Nagano 0 0 0 0
2002 Salt Lake City did not participate
2006 Turin 0 0 0 0
2010 Vancouver 0 0 0 0
2014 Sochi did not participate
2018 Pyeongchang 0 0 0 0
2022 Beijing future event
Total
0
1
1
2
Medals by summer sport[edit]
Sport
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
Weightlifting 5 8 4 17
Wrestling 3 2 5 10
Boxing 2 3 3 8
Judo 2 2 4 8
Gymnastics 3 0 0 3
Shooting 1 0 2 3
Table tennis 0 1 3 4
Volleyball 0 0 1 1
Total
16
16
22
54
Medals by winter sport[edit]
Sport
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
Speed skating 0 1 0 1
Short track speed skating 0 0 1 1
Total
0
1
1
2
List of medalists[edit]
Summer Olympics[edit]
Medal
Name
Games
Sport
Event
01 ! Gold Ri Ho-jun 1972 Munich Shooting Mixed 50 metre rifle, prone
02 ! Silver Kim U-gil 1972 Munich Boxing Men's light flyweight
03 ! Bronze Kim Yong-ik 1972 Munich Judo Men's 63 kg
03 ! Bronze Ri Chun-ok
Kim Myong-suk
Kim Zung-bok
Kang Ok-sun
Kim Yeun-ja
Hwang He-suk
Jang Ok-rim
Paek Myong-suk
Ryom Chun-ja
Kim Su-dae
Jong Ok-jin 1972 Munich Volleyball Women's tournament
03 ! Bronze Kim Gwong-hyong 1972 Munich Wrestling Men's freestyle 52 kg
01 ! Gold Gu Yong-ju 1976 Montreal Boxing Men's bantamweight
02 ! Silver Ri Byong-uk 1976 Montreal Boxing Men's light flyweight
02 ! Silver Ho Bong-chol 1980 Moscow Weightlifting Men's 52 kg
02 ! Silver Jang Se-hong 1980 Moscow Wrestling Men's freestyle 48 kg
02 ! Silver Li Ho-pyong 1980 Moscow Wrestling Men's freestyle 57 kg
03 ! Bronze Ri Byong-uk 1980 Moscow Boxing Men's light flyweight
03 ! Bronze Han Gyong-si 1980 Moscow Weightlifting Men's 52 kg
01 ! Gold Choi Chol-su 1992 Barcelona Boxing Men's flyweight
01 ! Gold Pae Gil-su 1992 Barcelona Gymnastics Men's pommel horse
01 ! Gold Kim Il 1992 Barcelona Wrestling Men's freestyle 48 kg
01 ! Gold Ri Hak-son 1992 Barcelona Wrestling Men's freestyle 52 kg
03 ! Bronze Ri Gwang-sik 1992 Barcelona Boxing Men's bantamweight
03 ! Bronze Ri Pun-hui
Yu Sun-bok 1992 Barcelona Table tennis Women's doubles
03 ! Bronze Ri Pun-hui 1992 Barcelona Table tennis Women's singles
03 ! Bronze Kim Myong-nam 1992 Barcelona Weightlifting Men's 75 kg
03 ! Bronze Kim Yong-sik 1992 Barcelona Wrestling Men's freestyle 57 kg
01 ! Gold Kye Sun-hui 1996 Atlanta Judo Women's 48 kg
01 ! Gold Kim Il 1996 Atlanta Wrestling Men's freestyle 48 kg
02 ! Silver Kim Myong-nam 1996 Atlanta Weightlifting Men's 70 kg
03 ! Bronze Jon Chol-ho 1996 Atlanta Weightlifting Men's 76 kg
03 ! Bronze Ri Yong-sam 1996 Atlanta Wrestling Men's freestyle 57 kg
02 ! Silver Ri Song-hui 2000 Sydney Weightlifting Women's 58 kg
03 ! Bronze Kim Un-chol 2000 Sydney Boxing Men's light flyweight
03 ! Bronze Kye Sun-hui 2000 Sydney Judo Women's 52 kg
03 ! Bronze Kang Yong-gyun 2000 Sydney Wrestling Men's Greco-Roman 54 kg
02 ! Silver Kim Song-guk 2004 Athens Boxing Men's featherweight
02 ! Silver Kye Sun-hui 2004 Athens Judo Women's lightweight
02 ! Silver Kim Hyang-mi 2004 Athens Table tennis Women's singles
02 ! Silver Ri Song-Hui 2004 Athens Weightlifting Women's 58 kg
03 ! Bronze Kim Jong-su 2004 Athens Shooting Men's 50 metre pistol
01 ! Gold Hong Un-jong 2008 Beijing Gymnastics Women's vault
01 ! Gold Pak Hyon-suk 2008 Beijing Weightlifting Women's 63 kg
02 ! Silver An Kum-ae 2008 Beijing Judo Women's lightweight
02 ! Silver O Jong-ae 2008 Beijing Weightlifting Women's 58 kg
03 ! Bronze Pak Chol-min 2008 Beijing Judo Men's lightweight
03 ! Bronze Won Ok-im 2008 Beijing Judo Women's lightweight
01 ! Gold Om Yun-chol 2012 London Weightlifting Men's 56 kg
01 ! Gold An Kum-ae 2012 London Judo Women's 52 kg
01 ! Gold Kim Un-guk 2012 London Weightlifting Men's 62 kg
01 ! Gold Rim Jong-sim 2012 London Weightlifting Women's 69 kg
03 ! Bronze Ryang Chun-hwa 2012 London Weightlifting Women's 48 kg
03 ! Bronze Yang Kyong-il 2012 London Wrestling Men's freestyle 55 kg
01 ! Gold Rim Jong-sim 2016 Rio de Janeiro Weightlifting Women's 75 kg
01 ! Gold Ri Se-gwang 2016 Rio de Janeiro Gymnastics Men's vault
02 ! Silver Om Yun-chol 2016 Rio de Janeiro Weightlifting Men's 56 kg
02 ! Silver Choe Hyo-sim 2016 Rio de Janeiro Weightlifting Women's 63 kg
02 ! Silver Kim Kuk-hyang 2016 Rio de Janeiro Weightlifting Women's +75 kg
03 ! Bronze Kim Song-guk 2016 Rio de Janeiro Shooting Men's 50 m pistol
03 ! Bronze Kim Song-i 2016 Rio de Janeiro Table tennis Women's singles
Winter Olympics[edit]
Medal
Name
Games
Sport
Event
02 ! Silver Han Pil-Hwa 1964 Innsbruck Speed skating Women's 3000 metres
03 ! Bronze Hwang Ok-Sil 1992 Albertville Short track speed skating Women's 500 metres
See also[edit]
North Korea portal
Olympics portal
List of flag bearers for North Korea at the Olympics
North Korea at the Paralympics
Sport in North Korea
Category:Olympic competitors for North Korea
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Taylor, Adam (3 January 2018). "Why the Olympics matter when it comes to North Korea". Washington Post. Retrieved 7 January 2018.
Jump up ^ North Korea Handbook 2002, p. 488.
Jump up ^ "Winter Olympics 2018: North Korea will send 22 athletes to Pyeongchang". BBC News. January 20, 2018. Retrieved February 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ "North Korea at the Winter Olympics: All you need to know". BBC News. February 8, 2018. Retrieved February 10, 2018.
Works cited[edit]
Yonhap News Agency (2002). North Korea Handbook. Seoul: M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-0-7656-3523-5.
External links[edit]
"Democratic People's Republic of Korea". International Olympic Committee.
"Results and Medalists". Olympic.org. International Olympic Committee.
"Olympic Medal Winners". International Olympic Committee.
"North Korea". Sports-Reference.com.
Taylor, Adam (10 August 2016). "The Olympics are tough for all athletes. For North Koreans, they're worse". Washington Post.

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Presumptive and confirmatory tests
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Presumptive tests, in medical and forensic science, analyze a sample and establish one of the following:
The sample is definitely not a certain substance.
The sample probably is the substance.
For example, the Kastle-Meyer test will show either that a sample is not blood or that the sample is probably blood but may be a less common substance. Further chemical tests are needed to prove that the substance is blood.
Confirmatory tests are the tests required to confirm the analysis. Confirmatory tests cost more than simpler presumptive tests so presumptive tests are often done to see if confirmatory tests are necessary.
Similarly, in medicine, a presumptive diagnosis identifies the likely condition of a patient, and a confirmatory diagnosis confirms is needed to confirm the condition.
Contents
[hide]
1 Examples
2 Contraband samples
3 Presumptive test mistake
4 FDA recommendations
Examples[edit]
Acid phosphatase test for semen
Cobalt thiocyanate test for cocaine
Duquenois-Levine reagent for marijuana
Kastle-Meyer test for blood
Malachite green test for blood
Marquis reagent for narcotics
Benzidine test for blood which changes from clear to blue in color with the presence of blood
Contraband samples[edit]
Tests for alkaloids and the Marquis test, performed a thin layer chromatography plate as per the analytical manual, US Department of Justice, are presumptive tests. The report that is obtained after performing them is final when the report is negative in all the tests. There is no need to perform confirmatory tests on negative reports that are obtained after performing presumptive tests on samples.
A confirmatory test is required only when the presumptive test report is positive for the substance. It then confirm the substance's identityor measures the percentage purity or other quantitative analysis.
The presence of a substance, even at a trace level, can be detected by a presumptive test.
Presumptive test mistake[edit]
In March 2010, Australian Customs and Border Protection Service arrested and held for 5 days, a Filipino national at Melbourne Airport as the result of a presumptive test. A presumptive test swab of a 2.4 kg package of iced tea powder located in the passenger's baggage returned a positive result for methamphetamine and a second test showed amphetamine. Subsequent testing showed the powder was indeed iced tea.
The Australian Customs and Border Protection Service was ordered to pay $5,000 as damages to the Filipino.[1]
FDA recommendations[edit]
The US Food and Drug Administration issued a Premarket Submission and Labeling Recommendations for Drugs of Abuse Screening Tests. Its availability was announced in the Federal Register, Vol. 68, No. 231 on December 2, 2003 and is listed under "Notices." It is important to understand presumptive testing because of its widespread use by employers and public entities. Most people who take a drug test take a presumptive test, cheaper and faster than other methods of testing. However, it is less accurate and can render false results. The FDA recommends for confirmatory testing to be conducted and the placing of a warning label on the presumptive drug test: "This assay provides only a preliminary result. Clinical consideration and professional judgment should be applied to any drug of abuse test result, in evaluating a preliminary positive result. To obtain a confirmed analytical result, a more specific alternate chemical method is needed. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is the recommended confirmatory method."
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Presumptive_and_confirmatory_tests&oldid=782384289"
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