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Wheat production in the United States
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Wheat is produced in almost every state in the United States, and is the principal cereal grain grown in the country.[1] The type and quantity vary between regions. The United States is ranked third in production volume of wheat, with almost 58 million tons produced in the 2012–2013 growing season, behind only China and India. (But the combined production of all European Union nations is larger than that of China.[2]) The United States ranks first in crop export volume; almost 50% of its total wheat production is exported.
The United States Department of Agriculture defines eight official classes of wheat: durum wheat, hard red spring wheat, hard red winter wheat, soft red winter wheat, hard white wheat, soft white wheat, unclassed wheat, and mixed wheat.[3] Winter wheat accounts for 70 to 80 percent of total production in the U.S., with the largest amounts produced in Kansas (10.8 million tons) and North Dakota (9.8 million tons). The U.S. hard red spring wheat crop is exported to over 70 countries each year to the extent of 55%. Of the total wheat produced in the country, 50% is exported, valued at US$9 billion.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Geography
3 Classification and uses
4 Enrichment
5 Policy
6 Production
7 Exports
8 References
9 External links
History[edit]
The horse-powered thresher; it removes the inedible chaff from the wheat kernels (c. 1881)
Boise Valley, Idaho wheat field (c. 1920)
Although it was first introduced to the Western Hemisphere following the discovery of the New World in the 15th century, wheat came to be grown in North American soil only during the colonial period.[5] During the colonial period, wheat was sown by broadcasting, reaped by sickles, and threshed by flails. The kernels were then taken to a grist mill for grinding into flour.
19th century
U.S. Food Administration poster during World War I encouraging Americans to use cornmeal, instead of wheat flour: "Patriots Use Corn Meal. It Cannot Be Shipped. It is Splendid Eating. It is Cheaper Than Wheat Flour."
In 1830, it took four people and two oxen, working 10 hours a day, to produce 200 bushels.[6] The geographic center of wheat-growing areas in the U.S. in 1839 was to the north and west of Washington, D. C., and spread further over time to the far west of the country. Production conditions also resulted in extending the wheat growing areas into harsher climatic regions. Data on wheat production is available for the period between 1885 and 1930. Improvements in wheat breeding in the U.S. was an activity of the state agricultural experiment stations, while the federal officials concentrated on exploring possibilities of gaining from appropriate varieties developed in other parts of the world.[7]
After the American Civil War, the western Mississippi Valley and the Great Plains to its west, where large fertile lands were available, resulted in expanding wheat farming. By this time, better tillage equipment was in use, railroads provided better access to world markets, better trading and warehousing facilities were facilitated, and more particularly introduction of hard winter was introduced.[8] In the 1870s, Turkey red wheat, a hard variety of wheat, was introduced to the farmlands of Kansas by Russian Mennonite immigrants. This wheat variety spread quickly.[9] New technology substantially enhanced productivity in the 19th century, as sowing with drills replaced broadcasting, cradles took the place of sickles, and the cradles in turn were replaced by reapers and binders. Steam-powered threshing machines superseded flails. By 1895, in Bonanza farms in the Dakotas, it took six different people and 36 horses pulling huge harvesters, working 10 hours a day, to produce 20,000 bushels. Following the invention of the steel roller mill in 1878, hard varieties of wheat such as Turkey Red became more popular than soft, which had been previously preferred because they were easier for grist mills to grind.[10]
20th century – present
Exports from 1914 to 1922 amounted to more than 200 million bushels.[8] The annual wheat production of the United States more than tripled in the fifty years between 1871 and 1921; it increased from about 250 million bushels during the period of 1869–1871 to over 750 millions during the period of 1919–1921.[11] With recorded wheat production of more than its domestic consumption (production was as much as 2.5 times the consumption), as World War II started, wheat stocks could not be lifted and the result was its use as livestock feed and for industrial alcohol.[8] After the war years, there were four "best" years (1945–1948) when the average annual production peaked to 1,228 million bushels, double the production of war years.[8]
In 2002, 50% of the U.S. wheat crop was exported, while 36% was consumed by the American population, and 10% was fed to livestock, with the remaining 4% set aside for seed. Wheat harvesting occurs on land area of 60–63 million acres.[1] Genetically modified wheat, which "is not approved for cultivation anywhere in the world", was found in an Oregon farm in June 2013.[12] The grain was modified by Monsanto to tolerate weed killer treatments. It is not known whether the unapproved wheat is present elsewhere.[13]
Geography[edit]
U.S.A geographic distribution of wheat production 2009.
In the North American plains, the axis which extends over a length of 1,500 miles (2,400 km) in a north-south direction from central Texas to central Alberta is known as the Wheat Belt. Hard red winter wheat is grown in the southern U.S. states of Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Nebraska, and Colorado. In the hot climatic conditions of these states, winter wheat is raised by planting in fall and harvesting in the spring. taking advantage of autumn rains. Under harsh cold weather conditions in parts of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Minnesota where winter wheat cannot be grown, the crop is planted in the spring and grows during the long summer days of the high latitudes so that it can be harvested in the fall.[14]
Classification and uses[edit]
Left: A variety of foods made from wheat. Right: Celis White, a wheat beer brewed in Texas.
Of wheat grown in the United States, 36% percent is consumed domestically by humans, 50% is exported, 10% is used for livestock feed, and 4% is used for seedlings.[15] Various American-style wheat beers are produced in the US.[16] Wheat in the U.S. is grown under two major categories based on climate: winter wheat, and spring wheat. The majority is winter wheat, accounting for, on average, 75% of wheat production. Wheat may be further classified as follows:[17] [18]
Hard red winter wheat (HRW) with 40% production, the flour variety reported from the plains which extends from Texas north through Montana.[17][18]
Hard red spring (HRS) wheat (also has a sub-classification of Dark Northern Spring Wheat[15]) of high protein value, about 20% production preferred for making bread is from the states of North Dakota, Montana, Minnesota, and South Dakota.[17][18]
Soft red winter (SRW) wheat with an average production of 20% raised in the states of Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Michigan, New York, and the Southeast, the flour from this wheat is used in making cakes, cookies, and crackers.[17][18]
White wheat, which accounts for an average of 12.5% production in the states of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Michigan, and New York with its flour used in making products of noodle, crackers, cereals, and white-crusted breads.[17][18]
Durum wheat, the preferred variety for making pasta; grown mostly in the states of North Dakota and Montana to an average production level of 4%. The byproducts resulting from milling of all the above varieties is used to feed animals.[13][17]
Enrichment[edit]
In 1941, the wheat industry began to adopt voluntary widespread enrichment (fortification) of wheat flour with vitamins, folic acid, and iron, the outcome of a recommendation by the National Nutrition Conference for Defense, charged with investigating the causes of poor health among many World War II recruits. By 1942, some 75 percent of breads in the United States were fortified. Mandatory fortification requirements went into effect in 1943, following the publication of the first U.S. government recommended dietary allowances. The removal of naturally occurring nutrients that occurs in grain processing led to a number of diseases caused by nutritional deficiency, including beriberi, pellagra, neural tube defect, and iron deficiency anemia. Enrichment helped eradicate or reduce the frequency of these conditions in the United States.[19][20]
Policy[edit]
Main article: Agricultural policy of the United States
Kansas Summer Wheat and storm panorama
Under the Wilson administration during World War I, the U.S. Food Administration, under the direction of Herbert Hoover, set a basic price of $2.20 per bushel. The end of the war led to "the closing of the bonanza export markets and the fall of sky-high farm prices", and wheat prices fell from more than $2.20 per bushel in 1919 to $1.01 in 1921.[21] The McNary–Haugen Farm Relief Bill failed in Congress, and was followed by the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1929, the establishment of the Federal Farm Board, and the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933.[8][22] The most important legislation for wheat production in the United States today are the farm bills which authorized farm subsidies, the Conservation Reserve Program, and other programs. Adopted around every five years, the most recent farm bills are the 1985 farm bill, 1990 farm bill, 1996 farm bill, 2002 farm bill, and 2008 farm bill.
Wheat farmers are a major beneficiary of crop subsidies and other agricultural programs. According to U.S. Department of Agriculture data, from 1995 to 2012, the U.S. federal government paid over $39 billion in wheat subsidies, through direct payments (2003–present) and production flexibility contracts (1996-2002), deficiency payments, crop insurance premium subsidies, price support payments (including loan deficiency payments, marketing loan gains, and certificates), counter-cyclical programs, market loss assistance, and other wheat programs.[23] In 2012, wheat was the third most-subsidized crop, after corn and soybeans. Wheat farmers received $1.1 billion in subsidies in 2012.[24]
Production[edit]
Center pivot irrigation on wheat growing in Yuma County, Colorado
Wheat harvesting near Steptoe, Washington
Sheaved and stocked wheat in Pennsylvania (1943)
The United States is a major wheat-producing country, with output typically exceeded only by China, the European Union, and India. Acreage brought under wheat has, over the last several decades, varied with the wheat price. During the first decade of the 2000s, wheat ranked third among U.S. field crops in both planted acreage and gross farm income; the first two positions were held by corn and soybeans. The acreage has gone down by nearly 30% (to 48,653,000 acres in 2001, as against 60-63 million acres harvested annually in the previous years; 30 of this area is in Texas.[15]) The amount exported has also declined.[13] The acreage reduction was dictated by the Acreage Reduction Program (ARP), which was introduced for wheat, feed grains, and cotton; and production faces pressures from multiple factors.[25][26]
Environmental aspects
The fungus Septoria tritici can cause wheat diseases.
It is generally accepted that wheat is beneficial to grow in the off season compared to other crops as its planting occurs, depending on the agro-climatic condition, in late fall or early spring. This results in reduced application of fertilizers and pesticides, and less need for irrigation, and helps in preventing soil erosion. However, some of the negative effects identified in a study conducted by the FAO are natural habitat loss due to encroachment into new lands after degraded lands are abandoned, loss of indigenous species affecting the biodiversity, and milling operation causing dust pollution. Historically, habitat conversion in the US has occurred in agropastoral land areas as in many other countries, and is considered a natural development. In the western US, habitat conversion is still an ongoing process because the subsidies provided by the government for wheat and other crops in the US have made it financially profitable to develop areas which otherwise would lie fallow; bluestem prairie is one such area. However, habitat expansion for wheat has stabilized since 2000.[27]
Exports[edit]
Grain elevator and storage facility in Enid, Oklahoma. "Queen Wheat City" is the nickname given to Enid, Oklahoma. It is also known as the "Wheat Capital" of Oklahoma and the United States for its immense grain storage capacity, and has the third-largest grain storage capacity in the world.[28]
Nearly 50% of the wheat produced in the US is exported, although the share of the world market has declined due to competition from the EU, Argentina, Australia, Canada, and also recently from Ukraine and Russia. The exported wheat varieties are white wheat (about 66%), Hard Red Spring (about 50%), Soft Red Winter, and durum wheat. However, the producers continue to increase exports as in the domestic market wheat products have not been competitive in recent years.[13]
One of the widely criticized export policies of the US was the PL 480 (Public Law 480), instituted in 1954, which lasted till 1969. India had a major share of about 50% in receiving this aid under it. This policy was criticized because it had damaged the export potential of many countries, in particular Canada and Australia. It was also said that this policy discouraged countries from developing their own agriculture.[29] In India, in particular, this aid, in fact, "bankrupted large numbers of Indian farmers".[30]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "United States Wheat Production" (PDF). Western Organization of Resource Councils. October 2002. Retrieved 10 June 2013.
Jump up ^ http://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/circulars/grain.pdf.
Jump up ^ Subpart M -- United States Standards for Wheat.
Jump up ^ "US Seeks Fast Test to Settle GM Wheat Scare". Voice of America. June 4, 2013. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "Whole wheat: An Important Message About Wheat". The World's healthiest foods. The George Mateljan Foundation. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
Jump up ^ Fred Albert Shannon (1945). The Farmer's Last Frontier: Agriculture, 1860-1897. Harper and Row. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
Jump up ^ Timothy J. Hatton; Kevin H. O'Rourke; Alan M. Taylor (2007). The New Comparative Economic History: Essays in Honor of Jeffrey G. Williamson. MIT Press. pp. 133–135. ISBN 978-0-262-08361-4. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Wheat Price Policy in the United States" (pdf). Ageconsearch.umn.edu. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
Jump up ^ Encyclopedia of the Great Plains, p. 56.
Jump up ^ Shannon, The Farmers Last Frontier p. 410
Jump up ^ Stine, Oscar Clemen; Ball, Charles Richard (1922). Wheat production and marketing (Public domain ed.). Government Printing Office. pp. 85–.
Jump up ^ Polansek, Tom; Gillam, Carey (June 4, 2013). "Mystery deepens on how genetically modified U.S. wheat landed in field". Reuters. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Wheat". Economic Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 12 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Wheat Belt". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 12 June 1, 2013. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
^ Jump up to: a b c "Western organization of Resource CouncilUnited States Wheat Production". USDA Economic Research Service. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "2012 Great American Beer Festival selects the best beer in the USA: Beer Styles". greatamericanbeerfestival.com. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Background". Wheat Classes. USDA Economic Research Service. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Classes of Wheat". KSWheat.com. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
Jump up ^ Derek Yach, Zoe Feldman, Dondeena Bradley, & Robert Brown, Preventive Nutrition and the Food Industry: Perspectives on History, Present, and Future Directions in Preventive Nutrition: The Comprehensive Guide for Health Professionals, 4th ed. (Adrianne Bendich & Richard J. Deckelbaum eds.: Springer 2010), p. 780.
Jump up ^ Arlene Spark, Nutrition in Public Health: Principles, Policies, and Practice (2007), p. 286.
Jump up ^ Michael P. Malone, The American West: A Modern History, 1900 to the Present, pp. 18-19.
Jump up ^ Bureau of the Census, Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970 (1976) series U:279-280
Jump up ^ United States Wheat Subsidies, Environmental Working Group (from USDA data).
Jump up ^ United States Summary Information, Environmental Working Group (from USDA data).
Jump up ^ "USDA Wheat Baseline, 2013-22". USDA Economic Service. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "Farm & Commodity Policy". USDA Economic Service. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
Jump up ^ Jason Clay (1 March 2004). World Agriculture and the Environment: A Commodity-By-Commodity Guide To Impacts And Practices. Island Press. pp. 379–. ISBN 978-1-61091-015-6. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
Jump up ^ National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination for Enid Terminal Grain Elevators Historic District, #09000239 (PDF), National Park Service, 2009, retrieved 12 June 2013
Jump up ^ "Some Observations on the effect of PL 480 sales". JSTOR. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "Foreign Aid and India:Financing the Leviathan State". Cato Organization. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
External links[edit]
Bin-buster: a Pictorial Story of the 1952 Wheat Crop - published by the Kansas State Board of Agriculture, 1952
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Christina Applegate
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Christina Applegate
Applegate at the 2014 San Diego Comic-Con International
Born
(1971-11-25) November 25, 1971 (age 45)
Hollywood, California, U.S.
Occupation
Actress
Years active
1979–present
Notable work
Kelly Bundy in Married... with Children
Spouse(s)
Johnathon Schaech
(m. 2001; div. 2007)
Martyn LeNoble
(m. 2013)
Children
1
Parent(s)
Nancy Priddy
Robert Applegate
Christina Applegate (born November 25, 1971) is an American actress and dancer[1][2] who, as an adolescent actress, started playing the role of Kelly Bundy on the Fox sitcom Married... with Children (1987–97). In her adult years, Applegate established a film and television career, winning an Emmy and earning Tony and Golden Globe nominations. She is also known for doing the voice of Brittany in the Alvin and the Chipmunks film series.
She has had major roles in several films, including Don't Tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead (1991), The Big Hit (1998), Prince Charming (2001), The Sweetest Thing (2002), Grand Theft Parsons (2003), Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy (2004) and its sequel, Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues (2013), Farce of the Penguins (2007), Hall Pass (2011), Vacation (2015) and Bad Moms (2016). She has also starred in numerous Broadway theatre productions such as the 2005 revival of the musical Sweet Charity. She played the lead role in the television sitcoms Jesse (1998–2000) and Samantha Who? (2007–09) and starred in the NBC comedy Up All Night (2011–12).
Contents
[hide]
1 Biography
1.1 1971–1986: Early life and projects
1.2 1987–2001: Married… with Children
1.3 2002–present: Anchorman, stage and television
2 Personal life
2.1 Breast cancer
3 Philanthropy
4 Filmography
4.1 Film
4.2 Television
5 Awards and nominations
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
Biography[edit]
1971–1986: Early life and projects[edit]
Applegate was born in Hollywood, California. Her father, Robert William "Bob" Applegate, was a record producer and record company executive,[3] and her mother, Nancy Lee Priddy, is a singer and actress. Her parents were separated shortly after her birth. She has two half-siblings (Alisa and Kyle) from her father's remarriage. After her parents' divorce, her mother had a relationship with musician Stephen Stills. After her television debut with her mother in the soap opera Days of Our Lives and a commercial for Playtex baby bottles at three and five months, respectively,[4] Applegate made her film debut in the 1979 film, Jaws of Satan (or King Cobra) at the age of seven, followed by 1981's Beatlemania. She debuted in a television movie as young Grace Kelly in the biopic, Grace Kelly (1983) and appeared in her first TV series in Showtime's political comedy, Washingtoon (1985), in which she played a Congressman's daughter. She was also seen as a guest in the shows, Father Murphy (1981), Charles in Charge (1984 and 1985), and Silver Spoons (1986). In 1986, Applegate won the role of Robin Kennedy (1986–87), a policeman's daughter, in the police drama series Heart of the City. Meanwhile, she was also seen guest starring in several other television series such as All is Forgiven, Still the Beaver, Amazing Stories, and the Family Ties episode "Band on the Run" (1987) as Kitten.
1987–2001: Married… with Children[edit]
Applegate attending the Governor's Ball following the 41st Annual Emmy Awards, September 1989
In 1987, Applegate played the role of the ditzy, sexually promiscuous daughter, Kelly Bundy, on the Fox Network's first sitcom, Married... with Children. She portrayed her character for 11 years (1987–97). While working on the series, Applegate was seen in Dance 'til Dawn (1988, NBC) and in Streets (1990), in which a teenaged drug addict is stalked by a psychotic police officer. Applegate guest-starred in 21 Jump Street (1988) and Top of the Heap (1991, as Kelly Bundy), and hosted Saturday Night Live (May 8, 1993, and October 13, 2012) and MADtv (1996).
The character of Sue Ellen Crandell in the black comedy feature Don't Tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead (1991) was Applegate's first starring role in a mainstream film, playing a rebellious teenager who is forced to take care of siblings after their summer babysitter dies. Applegate followed with roles in films such as Vibrations (1995), Across the Moon (1995), Wild Bill (1995), Tim Burton's Mars Attacks! (1996), and Gregg Araki's Nowhere (1997). After the sitcom Married... with Children was cancelled in May 1997, Applegate starred as Claudine Van Doozen in the independent feature Claudine's Return (or Kiss of Fire), was cast in the action-comedy The Big Hit, and played the fiancée of a mob descendant in the Mafia satire Jane Austen's Mafia (1998).
Applegate was one of the founding members of The Pussycat Dolls, which debuted at Johnny Depp's Viper Room on the Sunset Strip in 1995.[5][6] Applegate emceed for the group when they moved to The Roxy in 2002.[7] In 1996, Applegate auditioned for the role of Rose in James Cameron's blockbuster hit fim Titanic, but lost to Kate Winslet. In 1998, Applegate was given the title role in the NBC sitcom Jesse. The series debuted in 1998, received rave reviews, and brought Applegate a People's Choice Award for Favorite Female Performer in a New TV series and the TV Guide Award for Star of a New Series, as well as a nomination at the Golden Globe Awards for Lead Actress in a Comedy. Though the series gained critical praise, it was cancelled in 2000.
2002–present: Anchorman, stage and television[edit]
The new millennium had Applegate playing the dual role of a 12th-century noblewoman, Princess Rosalind, and her 21st-century descendant, Julia Malfete, in the time-travel comedy Just Visiting (2001). She was Princess Gwendolyn and Kate in the movie Prince Charming (2001). After playing Cameron Diaz's level-headed best friend, Courtney Rockcliffe, in The Sweetest Thing (2002), Applegate continued to play roles in such films as Heroes (2002), and the romantic airplane comedy View from the Top (2003), as well as in the true-crime film Wonderland (2003), based on the Wonderland murders, and the Gram Parsons biopic Grand Theft Parsons (2003). In 2004, Applegate starred alongside Ben Affleck in the holiday comedy Surviving Christmas, and alongside Matt Dillon in Employee of the Month. Behind the screen, she was the executive producer of Comforters, Miserable (2001).
Applegate guest-starred on two episodes of Friends, in the ninth (2002) and tenth (2003) seasons, titled "The One with Rachel's Other Sister" and "The One Where Rachel's Sister Babysits" as Amy Green, Rachel Green's (Jennifer Aniston) sister. She won the Primetime Emmy Award[8] for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series her performance in "The One with Rachel's Other Sister." On the silver screen, she portrayed TV anchorwoman Veronica Corningstone in the 2004 films Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy and the bonus film Wake Up, Ron Burgundy: The Lost Movie (an alternative film comprising alternate takes and deleted scenes and story elements).
In addition to her screen work, Applegate has performed on stage in such productions as The Axeman's Jazz, Nobody Leaves Empty Handed, and The Runthrough, as well as John Cassavetes' The Third Day (co-starring Gena Rowlands). In 2004, she debuted on the Broadway stage playing the title role of Charity Hope Valentine in a revival of the 1966 musical Sweet Charity. In late April 2005, she also took part in the annual Broadway Cares’ Easter Bonnet Competition, being sawed in half by a magician in their Clearly Impossible sawing illusion. Sweet Charity ended its Broadway run on December 31, 2005.[9] Applegate eventually took home the 2005 Theatre World Award and was nominated for a 2005 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical.
Applegate at the 66th Golden Globe Awards in January 2009
While appearing in Sweet Charity, Applegate broke her foot, and it was announced that the musical would close during previews. She persuaded the producers to rescind their decision and on April 18, 2005, she made her Broadway debut.[9] Because of her injury, Applegate had to wear special shoes to prevent another incident, and in a 2013 interview said that because of what happened, she "actually can't dance anymore. And that is sad for me because I always wanted to go back. But I probably won't be able to."[10] She does dance whenever the opportunity presents, but cannot do any more strenuous roles.[10]
In 2006, Applegate appeared in Jessica Simpson's music video "A Public Affair" alongside Eva Longoria, Ryan Seacrest, and Christina Milian. She starred in the ABC comedy Samantha Who? from October 15, 2007, until it was cancelled on May 18, 2009. The series costarred Jean Smart, Jennifer Esposito, and Melissa McCarthy. The series was about a 30-year-old, who after a hit-and-run accident, develops amnesia and has to rediscover her life, her relationships, and herself.[11] Shortly after the cancellation was announced, Applegate began a campaign to get the show back into production,[12] which was a failure. Applegate topped the list of People's Most Beautiful People in 2009.[13] Applegate appeared with her TV brother David Faustino (Bud Bundy from Married with Children) in an episode of Faustino's show Star-ving.[14]
She also voiced Catherine the Cat in the three-dimensional talking animal sequel Cats & Dogs: The Revenge of Kitty Galore. Applegate said her mother was who wanted her to be involved in the film. Prior to Cats & Dogs 2, she voiced Brittany (one of the Chipettes) in Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel (2009), Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked (2011), and Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Road Chip (2015). She starred in the NBC sitcom Up All Night with Maya Rudolph and Will Arnett, and the show debuted on September 14, 2011.[15] On February 8, 2013, she left the series after its second-season hiatus which was leading into a planned format change.[16]
On July 31, 2013, Applegate was featured on the second episode of the fourth season of the revived American version of TLC's, Who Do You Think You Are? The broadcast centered around Applegate trying to find out for her father, Robert Applegate, about his mother, Lavina Applegate Walton, who was mysteriously absent for most of her son's life and who died early in his life. Applegate also hoped to find out if the hearsay concerning her grandmother's tragic death were true. The actress traveled from her home in Hollywood, California, to Trenton, New Jersey, for her search.[17]
In 2015, Applegate starred with Ed Helms in the National Lampoon sequel Vacation, the fifth full-length movie episode of the road-trip comedies. Helms and Applegate play Rusty Griswold and his wife Debbie, who with their two sons take a trip to Walley World, just as Rusty did with his parents in the 1983 original film, National Lampoon's Vacation. Series stars Beverly D'Angelo and Chevy Chase make appearances as Rusty's parents Ellen and Clark Griswold. Also, Leslie Mann appears as Rusty's sister Audrey with Chris Hemsworth as her husband Stone Crandell.
Personal life[edit]
On October 20, 2001, Applegate married actor Johnathon Schaech in Palm Springs, California.[18] Schaech filed for divorce in December 2005, citing irreconcilable differences,[18] and the divorce was finalized in August 2007.[19] In 2009, she began dating musician Martyn LeNoble. The couple became engaged on Valentine's Day 2010,[20] and married on February 23, 2013, at their Los Angeles home.[21] It is the second marriage for both.[22] They have one daughter, Sadie Grace, born in January 2011.[23] Applegate is a vegetarian,[24] and in 2007, appeared in an anti-fur advertisement for PETA.[25]
Breast cancer[edit]
On August 3, 2008, People reported that Applegate had been diagnosed with breast cancer. This was confirmed by her representative who said in a statement, "Christina Applegate was diagnosed with an early stage of breast cancer. Benefiting from early detection through a doctor-ordered MRI, the cancer is not life-threatening. Christina is following the recommended treatment of her doctors and will have a full recovery. No further statement will be issued at this time."[26] On August 19, 2008, it was announced that Applegate was cancer free after a double mastectomy, though cancer was found in only one breast.[27] She has an inherited genetic trait, a BRCA1[28] mutation, which can trigger breast cancer. Her mother, Nancy Priddy, is a breast cancer survivor. Applegate said when she first was diagnosed, "I was just shaking and then also immediately, I had to go into 'take-care-of-business-mode' which included a change to a more healthy diet."[29]
Philanthropy[edit]
In 1992, Applegate joined other celebrities in a benefit show for a Hollywood children's charity, acting as a special guest assistant to a local magician and taking part in a number of illusions, including being sawn in half.[30] In 2003, she was the spokesperson for the Lee National Denim Day, which raises millions of dollars for breast cancer education and research.[31] Following her diagnosis with breast cancer, Applegate appeared on a television special entitled Stand Up to Cancer designed to raise funds for breast cancer research. The one-hour special was broadcast on CBS, NBC, and ABC television networks on September 5, 2008.[32] In 2009, she announced her plans to return as the ambassador for Lee National Denim Day.[33] Also in 2009, she founded Right Action for Women, a charitable foundation dedicated to breast-cancer screening for women, and focused on the type of MRI scan which saved her life.[34] In February 2015, Applegate was awarded the Saint Vintage Love Cures Award from unite4:humanity and Saint Vintage, for her dedication to and work with Right Action for Women.[35] Applegate has also supported Entertainment Industry Foundation, Adopt-A-Classroom, The Motion Picture and Television Fund Foundation, World Animal Protection, and the Trevor Project.[36]
Filmography[edit]
Applegate attending the Up All Night cast panel at PaleyFest in 2012
Film[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1979 Jaws of Satan Kim Perry
1981 Beatlemania Fan
1990 Streets Dawn
1991 Don't Tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead Sue Ellen Crandell
1995 Vibrations Anamika
1995 Wild Bill Lurline Newcomb
1995 Across the Moon Kathy
1996 Mars Attacks! Sharona
1997 Nowhere Dingbat
1998 Jane Austen's Mafia! Diane Steen
1998 Big Hit, TheThe Big Hit Pam Schulman
1998 Claudine's Return Claudine Van Doozen
1999 Out in Fifty Lilah
2000 Brutal Truth, TheThe Brutal Truth Emily
2001 Just Visiting Princess Rosaline / Julia Malfete
2001 Prince Charming Princess Gwendolyn / Kate
2002 Sweetest Thing, TheThe Sweetest Thing Courtney Rockcliffe
2002 Heroes Wife
2003 Grand Theft Parsons Barbara
2003 Wonderland Susan Launius
2003 View from the Top Christine Montgomery
2004 Surviving Christmas Alicia Valco
2004 Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy Veronica Corningstone
2004 Wake Up, Ron Burgundy: The Lost Movie Veronica Corningstone
2004 Employee of the Month Sara Goodwin
2005 Tilt-A-Whirl Customer #1 Short film
2007 Farce of the Penguins Melissa Voice
2008 Rocker, TheThe Rocker Kim Powell
2009 Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel Brittany Miller Voice
2010 Going The Distance Corinne
2010 Cats & Dogs: The Revenge of Kitty Galore Catherine Voice
2011 Hall Pass Grace
2011 Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked Brittany Miller Voice
2013 Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues Veronica Corningstone-Burgundy
2014 The Book of Life Mary Beth Voice
2015 Vacation Debbie Fletcher Griswold
2015 Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Road Chip Brittany Miller Voice
2016 Youth in Oregon Kate Gleason
2016 Bad Moms Gwendolyn James
2017 Crash Pad Morgan
Television[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1972 Days of Our Lives Baby 3 months old
1981 Father Murphy Ada Episode: "A Horse from Heaven"
1983 Grace Kelly Young Grace Kelly Television film
1984–1985 Charles in Charge Stacy 2 episodes
1986 Silver Spoons Jeannie Bolens Episode: "A Family Affair"
1986 All Is Forgiven Simone Episode: "Mother's Day"
1986 Still the Beaver Mandy / Wendy 2 episodes
1986 Amazing Stories Holly Episode: "Welcome to My Nightmare"
1986–1987 Heart of the City Robin Kennedy 13 episodes
1987 Family Ties Kitten Episode: "Band On The Run"
1987–1997 Married... with Children Kelly Bundy 258 episodes[37]
1988 Dance 'til Dawn Patrice Johnson Television film
1988 21 Jump Street Tina Episode: "I'm OK – You Need Work"
1990 The Earth Day Special Kelly Bundy Television special
1991 Top of the Heap Kelly Bundy 2 episodes
1993 Saturday Night Live Herself (host) Episode: "Christina Applegate/Midnight Oil"
1998–2000 Jesse Jesse Warner 42 episodes; also co-producer
2001 Prince Charming Kate Television film
2002–2003 Friends Amy Green 2 episodes
2004 King of the Hill Colette / Attorney (voices) Episode: "My Hair Lady"
2004 Father of the Pride Candy (voice) Episode: "One Man's Meat Is Another Man's Girlfriend"
2005 Suzanne's Diary for Nicholas Dr. Suzanne Bedford Television film
2007–2009 Samantha Who? Samantha "Sam" Newly 35 episodes; also producer
2008 Reno 911! Seemji Episode: "Did Garcia Steal Dangle's Husband?"
2009 Star-ving Herself Episode: "Married with Children"..The Movie"
2011–2012 Up All Night Reagan Brinkley 35 episodes; also producer
2012 Saturday Night Live Herself Episode: "Christina Applegate/Passion Pit"
2015 Web Therapy Jenny Bologna 2 episodes
2015 The Muppets Herself Episode: "Bear Left Then Bear Write"
2015 The Grinder Gail Budnick Episode: "A Bittersweet Grind (Une Mouture Amer)"
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Association
Category
Nominated work
Result
1987 Young Artist Awards Exceptional Performance By a Young Actress in a New Television, Comedy or Drama Series Heart of the City Won
1988 Starring in a New Television Comedy Series Married... with Children Nominated
1989 Won
1992 MTV Movie Awards Most Desirable Female Don't Tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead Nominated
Young Artist Awards Outstanding Young Ensemble Cast in a Motion Picture Nominated
1999 Golden Globe Awards Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy Jesse Nominated
People's Choice Awards Favorite Female Performer in a New Television Series Won
TV Guide Award Favorite Star in a New Series Won
2003 Teen Choice Awards Choice Movie: Villain View from the Top Nominated
Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series Friends Won
2004 Nominated
2005 Tony Awards Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical Sweet Charity Nominated
Drama Desk Awards Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Musical Nominated
Theatre World Award Theatre World Award Won
2008 Golden Globe Awards Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy Samantha Who? Nominated
Screen Actors Guild Awards Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series Nominated
Teen Choice Awards Choice TV Actress: Comedy Nominated
Television Critics Association Awards Individual Achievement in Comedy Nominated
Prism Awards Best Performance in a Comedy Series Nominated
Satellite Awards Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy Nominated
Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series Nominated
2009 Golden Globe Awards Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy Nominated
Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series Nominated
Screen Actors Guild Awards Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series Nominated
TV Land Award Innovator Award Married... with Children Won
People's Choice Awards Favorite Female TV Star Samantha Who? Won
2010 Screen Actors Guild Awards Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series Nominated
2012 Satellite Awards Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy Up All Night Nominated
2014 Teen Choice Awards Choice Movie Actress: Comedy Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues Nominated
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "“Noooooooooooo!” —Christina Applegate The plucky adventures of a sitcom starlet who just wanted to dance" New York magazine
Jump up ^ "So We Think Christina Applegate Can Dance" -- Out magazine
Jump up ^ "Christina Applegate Biography (1971–)". Filmreference.com. Retrieved June 23, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Christina Applegate Picture Pages". Superiorpics.com. Retrieved June 23, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Pussycat Dolls Biography". Starpulse.com. Retrieved June 23, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Neon: Beyond Burlesque". reviewjournal.com. April 8, 2005. Retrieved June 23, 2010.
Jump up ^ Pussycat Dolls Bio at American Entertainment Productions Archived July 10, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Christina Applegate Emmy Award Winner". Emmys.com. Retrieved 2012-06-13.
^ Jump up to: a b Last Dance: Christina Applegate Sweet Charity Ends Broadway Run Dec. 31 Robert Simonson, playbill.com, 'first New York performance in Sweet Charity on April 18', Dec 31, 2005
^ Jump up to: a b Thomlison, Adam. "Q&A". TV Media. Retrieved 2013-08-02.
Jump up ^ Samantha Who? abcstudiosmedianet.com,
Jump up ^ Applegate Petitions for "Samantha Who?", Hollywood.com, May 25, 2009
Jump up ^ "Christina Applegate's New Lease on Life". People. April 29, 2009. Retrieved June 23, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Christina Applegate guests on "Star-ving"". Celebuzz. Retrieved February 20, 2009.
Jump up ^ IMDB.com
Jump up ^ "Christina Applegate Departing 'Up All Night'". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved April 18, 2013.
Jump up ^ Christina Applegate's "Who Do You Think You Are?" delivers 2.2 million viewers to TLC
^ Jump up to: a b "Christina Applegate's Hubby Seeks Divorce". People. December 6, 2005. Retrieved September 8, 2013.
Jump up ^ Boehm, Kristin (August 10, 2007). "Christina Applegate's Divorce Finalized in L.A.". People. Retrieved September 8, 2013.
Jump up ^ Lehner, Marla (April 16, 2010). "Christina Applegate is Getting Married!". People. Retrieved June 23, 2010.
Jump up ^ Nudd, Tim (February 24, 2013). "Christina Applegate Marries Martyn LeNoble". People. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Christina Applegate Marries Martyn LeNoble!". Us Weekly. February 24, 2013. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
Jump up ^ Jordan, Julie (2011-02-01). "Christina Applegate Delivers Daughter Sadie Grace". People.com. Retrieved 2011-08-13.
Jump up ^ "Christina Applegate: "Fur: Get Me Not!"". People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. 2007. Archived from the original on May 25, 2012. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ Miller, Gerri (November 21, 2007). "Christina Applegate Poses for Revealing PETA Card". Time Inc. Archived from the original on March 29, 2011. Retrieved April 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ Stephen M. Silverman and Julie Jordan (August 3, 2008). "Christina Applegate Diagnosed With Breast Cancer". People. Retrieved August 3, 2008.
Jump up ^ Sharon Cotliar and Stephen M. Silverman (August 19, 2008). "Christina Applegate Cancer-Free After Double Mastectomy". People. Retrieved August 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Applegate has double mastectomy". BBC News. August 19, 2008. Retrieved June 23, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Christina Applegate "Did a 180" After beating Cancer". US Magazine.
Jump up ^ "IMDb biography – Other works". Uk.imdb.com. May 1, 2009. Retrieved June 23, 2010.
Jump up ^ Morgan, John (March 2, 2008). "Christina Applegate gets serious about breast cancer". USA Today. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
Jump up ^ She says she is 100 percent cancer free, Associated Press August 19, 2008 Archived January 29, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "EXCLUSIVE: Christina Applegate Joins the Cause for Lee National Denim Day – Style News – StyleWatch". Stylenews.peoplestylewatch.com. May 8, 2009. Retrieved June 23, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Christina Applegate Foundation". Right Action for Women. Retrieved November 1, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Los Angeles Times". February 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Christina Applegate: Charity Work". Look to the Stars. Retrieved 2013-12-02.
Jump up ^ Patrick Kevin Day (2012-04-12). "Fox to re-air 'Married with Children's' pilot episode". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2013-12-02.
Further reading[edit]
Dye, David. Child and Youth Actors: Filmography of Their Entire Careers, 1914-1985. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co., 1988, p. 6.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Christina Applegate
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Christina Applegate.
Christina Applegate on IMDb
Christina Applegate at the Internet Broadway Database
Christina Applegate at AllMovie
Christina Applegate on Twitter
[show]
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1975–2000
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No award (1992)
Tracey Ullman (1993)
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Joan Cusack (2015)
Tina Fey & Amy Poehler (2016)
Melissa McCarthy (2017)
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VIAF: 85559999
LCCN: no2001083099
ISNI: 0000 0001 1450 6078
GND: 140538593
SUDOC: 084597453
BNF: cb14049682j (data)
MusicBrainz: b5f630b1-7597-4f15-b8a9-1f445934f161
BNE: XX1018551
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christina_Applegate&oldid=801695169"
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