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American Airlines destinations
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A new American Airlines 777-300 lands at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport. This airport is the airline's largest hub.
American Airlines flies to 96 domestic destinations and 95 international destinations in 55 countries (as of August 2017). The list includes the city, country, and the airport's name, with the airline's hubs and seasonal destinations marked. This list does not include airports only served by American Eagle.
An American Airlines 777-200 landed in Narita International Airport.
List[edit]
Country (State/Province)
City
Airport
Notes
Refs
American Samoa Pago Pago Pago Pago International Airport Terminated
Antigua and Barbuda Saint John's V. C. Bird International Airport
Argentina Buenos Aires Ministro Pistarini International Airport
Aruba Oranjestad Queen Beatrix International Airport
Australia (New South Wales) Sydney Sydney Airport [1]
Bahamas Nassau Lynden Pindling International Airport Seasonal
Barbados Bridgetown Grantley Adams International Airport
Belize Belize City Philip S. W. Goldson International Airport
Belgium Brussels Brussels Airport Terminated
Bermuda St. George's Parish L.F. Wade International Airport
Bolivia La Paz El Alto International Airport
Bolivia Santa Cruz de la Sierra Viru Viru International Airport
Bonaire Kralendijk Flamingo International Airport Begins 9 June 2018 [2]
Brazil Manaus Eduardo Gomes International Airport
Brazil Brasília Brasília International Airport
Brazil Campinas Viracopos International Airport Terminated
Brazil Curitiba Afonso Pena International Airport Terminated
Brazil Belo Horizonte Tancredo Neves International Airport
Brazil Porto Alegre Salgado Filho International Airport Terminated
Brazil Recife Recife/Guararapes–Gilberto Freyre International Airport Terminated
Brazil Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro-Galeão International Airport
Brazil Salvador Deputado Luís Eduardo Magalhães International Airport Terminated
Brazil São Paulo São Paulo-Guarulhos International Airport
Canada (British Columbia) Vancouver Vancouver International Airport
Canada (Alberta) Calgary Calgary International Airport Terminated
Canada (Alberta) Edmonton Edmonton International Airport Terminated
Canada (Ontario) Toronto Toronto Pearson International Airport
Canada (Quebec) Montreal Montréal-Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport
Cayman Islands George Town Owen Roberts International Airport
Chile Santiago Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport
China Beijing Beijing Capital International Airport
China Shanghai Shanghai Pudong International Airport
Colombia Barranquilla Ernesto Cortissoz International Airport
Colombia Bogotá El Dorado International Airport
Colombia Cali Alfonso Bonilla Aragón International Airport
Colombia Cartagena Rafael Núñez International Airport
Colombia Medellín José María Córdova International Airport
Costa Rica Liberia Daniel Oduber Quirós International Airport
Costa Rica San José Juan Santamaría International Airport
Cuba Camagüey Ignacio Agramonte International Airport Terminated [3][4]
Cuba Cienfuegos Jaime González Airport Terminated [3][4]
Cuba Havana José Martí International Airport [5][6]
Cuba Holguín Frank País Airport [3]
Cuba Santa Clara Abel Santamaría Airport [3]
Cuba Varadero Juan Gualberto Gómez Airport [3]
Curaçao Willemstad Curaçao International Airport
Czech Republic Prague Václav Havel Airport Prague Seasonal
Begins May 4, 2018 [7]
Dominican Republic Puerto Plata Gregorio Luperón International Airport
Dominican Republic Punta Cana Punta Cana International Airport
Dominican Republic Santiago de los Caballeros Cibao International Airport
Dominican Republic Santo Domingo Las Américas International Airport
Ecuador Guayaquil José Joaquín de Olmedo International Airport
Ecuador Quito Mariscal Sucre International Airport
Ecuador Quito Old Mariscal Sucre International Airport Terminated
El Salvador San Salvador El Salvador International Airport
Finland Helsinki Helsinki Airport Terminated
France Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport
France Paris Orly Airport Terminated
Fiji Nadi Nadi International Airport Terminated
Germany Frankfurt Frankfurt Airport
Germany Munich Munich Airport
Germany Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Airport Terminated
Guadeloupe Pointe-à-Pitre Pointe-à-Pitre International Airport Seasonal
Greece Athens Athens International Airport Seasonal
Grenada St. George's Maurice Bishop International Airport
Guatemala Guatemala City La Aurora International Airport
Haiti Cap-Haitien Hugo Chávez International Airport [8]
Haiti Port-au-Prince Toussaint Louverture International Airport
Honduras Roatán Juan Manuel Gálvez International Airport [9]
Honduras San Pedro Sula La Mesa International Airport
Honduras Tegucigalpa Toncontín International Airport
Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong International Airport [10]
Hungary Budapest Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport Seasonal
Resumes May 4, 2018 [7]
Iceland Reykjavik Keflavik International Airport Seasonal
Begins June 7, 2018 [11]
India Delhi Indira Gandhi International Airport Terminated
Ireland Dublin Dublin Airport [12]
Ireland Shannon Shannon Airport Seasonal [12]
Israel Tel Aviv Ben Gurion Airport Terminated
Italy Milan Malpensa Airport
Italy Rome Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport
Italy Venice Venice Marco Polo Airport Seasonal [12]
Jamaica Kingston Norman Manley International Airport
Jamaica Montego Bay Sangster International Airport
Japan Nagoya Chubu Centrair International Airport Terminated
Japan Osaka Kansai International Airport Terminated
Japan Tokyo Haneda Airport [13]
Japan Tokyo Narita International Airport
Martinique Fort-de-France Martinique Aimé Césaire International Airport Seasonal
Mexico (Acapulco) Guerrero Juan N. Alvarez International Airport Terminated
Mexico (Baja California del Sur) San José del Cabo Los Cabos International Airport
Mexico (Distrito Federal) Mexico City Mexico City International Airport
Mexico (Guerrero) Zihuatanejo Ixtapa-Zihuatanejo International Airport Seasonal
Mexico (Jalisco) Guadalajara Guadalajara International Airport
Mexico (Jalisco) Puerto Vallarta Lic. Gustavo Díaz Ordaz International Airport
Mexico (Monterrey) Nuevo León Del Norte International Airport Terminated
Mexico (Quintana Roo) Cancun Cancun International Airport
Mexico (Quintana Roo) Cozumel Cozumel International Airport
Mexico (Yucatan) Mérida Merida International Airport Seasonal [14]
Netherlands Amsterdam Amsterdam Airport Schiphol
New Zealand Auckland Auckland Airport Seasonal [15][16]
Nicaragua Managua Augusto C. Sandino International Airport
Panama Panama City Tocumen International Airport
Paraguay Asunción Silvio Pettirossi International Airport Terminated
Peru Cusco Alejandro Velasco Astete International Airport Terminated
Peru Lima Jorge Chávez International Airport
Philippines Manila Ninoy Aquino International Airport Terminated
Portugal Lisbon Lisbon Airport Seasonal
Puerto Rico Aguadilla Rafael Hernández Airport Terminated
Puerto Rico Ponce Mercedita Airport Terminated
Puerto Rico San Juan Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport
Russia Moscow Domodedovo International Airport Terminated
Saint Kitts and Nevis Basseterre Robert L. Bradshaw International Airport
Saint Lucia Vieux Fort Hewanorra International Airport
Sint Maarten Philipsburg Princess Juliana International Airport
South Korea Seoul Incheon International Airport [17]
Spain Barcelona Barcelona-El Prat Airport
Spain Madrid Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport
Sweden Stockholm Stockholm Arlanda Airport Terminated
Switzerland Zürich Zürich Airport
Taiwan Taipei Taoyuan International Airport Terminated
Trinidad and Tobago Port of Spain Piarco International Airport
Turks and Caicos Islands Providenciales Providenciales International Airport
United Kingdom Edinburgh Edinburgh Airport Seasonal [18]
United Kingdom Birmingham Birmingham Airport Terminated [19]
United Kingdom Glasgow Glasgow Airport Seasonal
United Kingdom London Heathrow Airport
United Kingdom London Gatwick Airport Terminated
United Kingdom London London Stansted Airport Terminated
United Kingdom Manchester Manchester Airport
United States (Alaska) Anchorage Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport Seasonal
United States (Alaska) Fairbanks Fairbanks International Airport Terminated
United States (Arizona) Phoenix Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport Hub
United States (Arizona) Tucson Tucson International Airport
United States (Arkansas) Bentonville Northwest Arkansas Regional Airport
United States (Arkansas) Little Rock Clinton National Airport
United States (California) Fresno Fresno Yosemite International Airport
United States (California) Los Angeles Los Angeles International Airport Hub
United States (California) Oakland Oakland International Airport
United States (California) Ontario Ontario International Airport
United States (California) Palm Springs Palm Springs International Airport
United States (California) Sacramento Sacramento International Airport
United States (California) San Diego San Diego International Airport
United States (California) San Francisco San Francisco International Airport
United States (California) San Jose San Jose International Airport
United States (California) Santa Ana John Wayne Airport
United States (Colorado) Colorado Springs Colorado Springs Airport
United States (Colorado) Denver Denver International Airport
United States (Colorado) Denver Stapleton International Airport Terminated
United States (Colorado) Hayden Yampa Valley Airport Seasonal
United States (Colorado) Montrose Montrose Regional Airport Seasonal
United States (Colorado) Vail Eagle County Regional Airport Seasonal
United States (Connecticut) Hartford Bradley International Airport
United States (Connecticut) New Haven Tweed New Haven Airport [20]
United States (Florida) Fort Lauderdale Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport
United States (Florida) Fort Myers Southwest Florida International Airport
United States (Florida) Jacksonville Jacksonville International Airport
United States (Florida) Miami Miami International Airport Hub
United States (Florida) Naples Naples Municipal Airport Terminated
United States (Florida) Orlando Orlando International Airport
United States (Florida) Tampa Tampa International Airport
United States (Florida) West Palm Beach Palm Beach International Airport
United States (Georgia) Atlanta Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport
United States (Hawaii) Honolulu Honolulu International Airport
United States (Hawaii) Kahului Kahului Airport
United States (Hawaii) Kailua-Kona Kona International Airport
United States (Hawaii) Lihue Lihue Airport
United States (Idaho) Boise Boise Airport
United States (Illinois) Chicago Midway International Airport Terminated
United States (Illinois) Chicago O'Hare International Airport Hub
United States (Indiana) Indianapolis Indianapolis International Airport
United States (Iowa) Des Moines Des Moines International Airport
United States (Kansas) Wichita Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport
United States (Kentucky) Louisville Louisville International Airport
United States (Louisiana) Baton Rouge Baton Rouge Metropolitan Airport
United States (Louisiana) New Orleans Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport
United States (Maine) Portland Portland International Jetport
United States (Maryland) Baltimore Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport
United States (Massachusetts) Boston Logan International Airport
United States (Michigan) Detroit Detroit Metropolitan Airport
United States (Michigan) Ypsilanti Willow Run Airport Terminated
United States (Minnesota) Minneapolis Minneapolis−Saint Paul International Airport
United States (Missouri) Joplin Joplin Regional Airport
United States (Missouri) Kansas City Kansas City International Airport
United States (Missouri) St. Louis Lambert-St. Louis International Airport
United States (Missouri) Springfield Springfield International Airport
United States (Montana) Bozeman Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport
United States (Nebraska) Omaha Eppley Airfield
United States (Nevada) Las Vegas McCarran International Airport
United States (Nevada) Reno Reno-Tahoe International Airport
United States (New Jersey) Newark Newark Liberty International Airport
United States (New Mexico) Albuquerque Albuquerque International Sunport
United States (New Mexico) Santa Fe Santa Fe Municipal Airport
United States (New York) Albany Albany International Airport
United States (New York) Buffalo Buffalo Niagara International Airport
United States (New York) New York City John F. Kennedy International Airport Hub
United States (New York) New York City LaGuardia Airport Hub
United States (New York) Rochester Greater Rochester International Airport
United States (New York) Syracuse Syracuse Hancock International Airport
United States (North Carolina) Charlotte Charlotte Douglas International Airport Hub
United States (North Carolina) Raleigh Raleigh-Durham International Airport
United States (Ohio) Cincinnati Cincinnati Municipal Lunken Airport Terminated
United States (Ohio) Cincinnati Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport
United States (Ohio) Cleveland Cleveland Hopkins International Airport
United States (Ohio) Columbus John Glenn Columbus International Airport
United States (Ohio) Dayton Dayton International Airport [21]
United States (Oklahoma) Oklahoma City Will Rogers World Airport
United States (Oklahoma) Tulsa Tulsa International Airport
United States (Oregon) Eugene Eugene Airport Seasonal
United States (Oregon) Portland Portland International Airport
United States (Pennsylvania) Harrisburg Harrisburg International Airport
United States (Pennsylvania) Philadelphia Philadelphia International Airport Hub
United States (Pennsylvania) Pittsburgh Pittsburgh International Airport
United States (Rhode Island) Providence T. F. Green Airport
United States (Tennessee) Memphis Memphis International Airport
United States (Tennessee) Nashville Nashville International Airport
United States (Texas) Austin Austin-Bergstrom International Airport
United States (Texas) Dallas Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport Hub
United States (Texas) Dallas Love Field Terminated
United States (Texas) El Paso El Paso International Airport
United States (Texas) Fort Worth Greater Southwest International Airport Terminated
United States (Texas) Harlingen Valley International Airport Terminated
United States (Texas) Houston George Bush Intercontinental Airport
United States (Texas) Houston William P. Hobby Airport
United States (Texas) San Antonio San Antonio International Airport
United States (Utah) Salt Lake City Salt Lake City International Airport
United States (Virginia) Norfolk Norfolk International Airport
United States (Virginia) Richmond Richmond International Airport
United States (Washington) Seattle Seattle–Tacoma International Airport
United States (Virginia) Washington, D.C. Washington Dulles International Airport
United States (Virginia) Washington, D.C. Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport Hub
United States (Wisconsin) Appleton Appleton International Airport [22]
United States (Wisconsin) Milwaukee General Mitchell International Airport
United States (Wyoming) Jackson Jackson Hole Airport Seasonal
United States Virgin Islands Saint Croix Henry E. Rohlsen Airport
United States Virgin Islands Saint Thomas Cyril E. King Airport
Uruguay Montevideo Carrasco International Airport
Venezuela Caracas Simón Bolívar International Airport
Venezuela Maracaibo La Chinita International Airport
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "American Airlines to operate SYD-LAX, Qantas returning to SFO". Australian Aviation. June 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ [1]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Cuba − Destinations − American Airlines". aa.com. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "American Airlines Cuba service changes from April 2017". airlineroute.net. Retrieved September 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "American Airlines to fly from LAX to Cuba". dailynews.com. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "American plans late-Nov 2016 Havana launch". routesonline. Retrieved 11 September 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b http://www.philly.com/philly/business/transportation/american-airlines-to-begin-nonstop-flights-from-phl-to-budapest-prague-next-summer-20170816.html
Jump up ^ "American Airlines Provides Customers Access To Cap-Haitien, Haiti :: American Airlines Newsroom". hub.aa.com. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "American Airlines Group Reports Second Quarter Profit - Yahoo Finance". finance.yahoo.com. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "American Airlines to Start Dallas – Hong Kong Service from June 2014". Airline Route. December 16, 2013. Retrieved December 17, 2013.
Jump up ^ http://www.nasdaq.com/press-release/american-airlines-announces-new-service-to-reykjavik-iceland-20171114-01087
^ Jump up to: a b c "American Airlines Adjusts International Winter Schedule". prnewswire.com. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "American Airlines To Launch Service Between Los Angeles And Tokyo Haneda In February 2016 - Yahoo Finance". finance.yahoo.com. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "American Airlines Customers Gain More Access To Mexico With New Service To Merida". prnewswire.com. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "American Airlines Opens Los Angeles - Auckland Route Reservation due late-June 2016". Airlineroute.net. November 22, 2015. Retrieved November 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11837619
Jump up ^ "American Airlines Group Reports Second Quarter Profit - Yahoo Finance". finance.yahoo.com. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "American Airlines Expands European Service in S15". Airline Route. November 1, 2014. Retrieved November 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ http://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/coventry-news/american-airlines-pulling-out-birmingham-11865597
Jump up ^ "1934 timetable". timetableimages.com. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "1965 timetable". timetableimages.com. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "American Airlines Begins Flights at Appleton Airport". Fox 11 Online. July 5, 2017. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
[hide]
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Organizations
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History of American Airlines
Destinations
Fleet
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text:
List of My Hero Academia episodes
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
My Hero Academia is a Japanese superhero manga series written and illustrated by Kōhei Horikoshi. It has been serialized in Weekly Shōnen Jump since July 2014,[1] and 12 volumes have been collected in tankōbon format. The series has been licensed for English-language release by Viz Media, and began serialization in their weekly digital manga anthology Weekly Shonen Jump on February 9, 2015.[2] The story follows Izuku Midoriya, a boy born without superpowers in a world where they are the norm, but who still dreams of becoming a superhero himself, and is scouted by the world's greatest hero who shares his powers with Izuku after recognizing his value and enrolls him in a high school for heroes in training. The manga was adapted into an anime television series; the first season aired from April 3 to June 26, 2016.[3] A second season aired from April 1 to September 30, 2017. The third season premiered on April 7, 2018.[4][5]
The first season of the anime premiered on April 3, 2016 on MBS and other Japan News Network stations in 'Nichigo' timeslot at 5pm on Sundays in Japan. The opening theme is "The Day", performed by Porno Graffitti and the ending theme is "Heroes", performed by Brian the Sun. The second season aired from April 1 to September 30, 2017 on NTV and YTV, with the staff and cast from the first season returning to reprise their roles.[6] The second season's first opening theme is "Peace Sign" performed by Kenshi Yonezu and the first ending theme is "Dakara, Hitori ja nai" (だから、ひとりじゃない, lit. Therefore, I am not Alone), performed by Little Glee Monster.[7] The second opening theme is "Sora ni Utaeba" (空に歌えば, lit. If I Sing in the Sky) performed by amazarashi[8] and the ending theme is "Datte Atashi no Hero" (だってアタシのヒーロー, lit. Still My Hero) by LiSA.[9] The third season's opening theme is "Odd Future" by Uverworld and the ending theme is "Update" (アップデート) by miwa.[10]
Adult Swim's Toonami block will air the series, beginning on May 5, 2018.[11]
Contents
[hide]
1 Episode list
1.1 Season 1 (2016)
1.2 Season 2 (2017)
1.3 Season 3 (2018)
2 OVA
3 Film
4 Notes
5 References
6 See also
Episode list[edit]
Season 1 (2016)[edit]
No.
Title
Original airdate
English airdate
1
"Izuku Midoriya: Origin"
"Midoriya Izuku: Orijin" (緑谷出久：オリジン) April 3, 2016 May 5, 2018
In a world where most of the population is gifted with special powers known as "Quirks", Izuku Midoriya is a young boy who always dreamed of becoming a hero, despite not having a Quirk himself, until one day he is attacked by a villain and is rescued by no other than All Might, the most famous hero ever and his idol since childhood.
2
"What It Takes to Be a Hero"
"Hiro no Jouken" (ヒーローの条件) April 10, 2016 —
Izuku discovers that All Might's true form is that of a frail, emaciated man, who suffered a massive injury years ago. All Might tells Izuku that he should give up on being a hero and focus on a more realistic dream. Disheartened, Izuku makes his way home, only to see his classmate and bully Katsuki Bakugō attacked by a villain. With no heroes around able to fight the villain, Izuku, without any thought given, rushes in.
3
"Roaring Muscles"
"Unare kin'niku" (うなれ筋肉) April 17, 2016 —
All Might tells Izuku of his quirk, "One For All", a special quirk that transfers its strength from person to person. While All Might believes Izuku to be worthy of his quirk, bestowing it to him right away would ruin his untrained body. All Might then designs a ten-month training regimen to ensure that Izuku can become a vessel that can carry it.
4
"Start Line"
"Sutaatorain" (スタートライン) April 24, 2016 —
After receiving All Might's Quirk, the time has come for Izuku to attend the exams for the prestigious U.A. High School for heroes in training. During the practical exam, Izuku gets himself in a pinch and is about to fail until one of his fellow examinees finds herself in serious danger and he runs to her rescue.
5
"What I Can Do For Now"
"Ima Boku ni Dekiru Koto wo" (今 僕に出来ることを) May 1, 2016 —
It's Izuku's first day as a student of U.A. High School. However, his homeroom teacher Shōta Aizawa decides to hold a physical test to evaluate how the students use their Quirks. Mr. Aizawa threatens the worst ranked student with expulsion, and Izuku finds himself in another predicament as he still has not learned to control his Quirk properly.
6
"Rage, You Damned Nerd"
"Takere Kusonādo" (猛れクソナード) May 8, 2016 —
Now donning their own hero costumes, the students are assigned to a mock battle between teams of two to test their combat abilities. Izuku is paired with Ochako Uraraka, the girl he helped during the entrance exams who also becomes his friend much to his joy. However, also to his dismay, one of his opponents is Bakugō, who always mocked him for his quirklessness, and is now furious at him.
7
"Deku vs. Kacchan"
(デクvsかっちゃん) May 15, 2016 —
The mock battle continues with Izuku barely holding against Bakugō's devastating attacks, leaving Ochako to face the other opponent Tenya Iida by herself. As the time limit approaches, Izuku seems to have no option but to use his Quirk against Bakugō in an attempt to defeat him, until he comes up with a better idea.
8
"Bakugō's Starting Line"
"Sutāto Rain, Bakugō no." (スタートライン、爆豪の。) May 22, 2016 —
After losing against Izuku in the mock battle, Bakugō watches the rest of his classmates in action and realizes that he still has a long way to stand above his peers. After recovering from his injuries, Izuku attempts to cheer him up, to the point of sharing with him parts of his secret. Meanwhile, news that All Might is teaching at U.A. are received by some individuals with contempt.
9
"Yeah, Just Do Your Best, Iida!"
"Ii zo Ganbare Iida-kun!" (いいぞガンバレ飯田くん！) May 29, 2016 —
Izuku is chosen as the class president, much to his surprise, but he ends up relinquishing the position to Iida when he and his friends find him more suitable for the position. The students are then assigned to another field exercise, but before it begins, a horde of villains suddenly appear before them.
10
"Encounter with the Unknown"
"Michi to no Sōgū" (未知との遭遇) June 5, 2016 —
The villains use their powers to scatter and ambush the students in order to attract All Might for a trap. Izuku ends up stranded and surrounded on a boat along with his classmates Tsuyu Asui and Minoru Mineta, but after learning more about their powers, he comes up with a plan to turn the tides literally. Elsewhere, Iida is chosen by the others to break through the enemy trap and call for help.
11
"Game Over"
"Gēmu Ōbā" (ゲームオーバー) June 12, 2016 —
The students fight for their lives against the Villains while Iida manages to escape with his friends' help. Once it's clear that Iida will warn the other teachers who will come to stop them, the Villains' leader Tomura Shigaraki decides to kill Izuku and his friends just to hurt All Might's pride before they leave, when All Might himself appears.
12
"All Might"
"Ōrumaito" (オールマイト) June 19, 2016 —
Shigaraki unleashes his secret weapon, the multi-quirk monster called "Noumu" against All Might, who finds himself in a pinch, until Izuku and some other students arrive to assist him, but All Might has little time left before he runs out of power to defeat the creature in order to protect the school.
13
"In Each of our Hearts"
"Onoono no Mune ni" (各々の胸に) June 26, 2016 —
Although he was able to defeat the Noumu, All Might has no energy left and is defenseless against Shigaraki, but Izuku manages to stall the enemy long enough for the other teachers to arrive and force him to retreat. As the leftover Villains are captured and the students are rescued, All Might thanks Izuku for saving his life, but elsewhere, Shigaraki confers with his master, implying that their feud against the Heroes is just beginning.
Season 2 (2017)[edit]
No. in series
No. in season
Title[a]
Original air date[12]
13.5
0 "Hero Notebook"
"Hīrō Nōto" (ヒーローノート) March 25, 2017[14]
A recap of the first season.
Note: The episode earned a 3.3% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[13]
14
1 "That's the Idea, Ochaco"
"Sou iu Koto ne Ochako-san" (そういうことね お茶子さん) April 1, 2017
Still recovering from the previous incident, the school is about to hold the Sports Festival, which will serve as an opportunity for the students to show off their Quirks for professional heroes looking for sidekicks. In the occasion, All Might confesses to Izuku that his powers are diminishing, and that the festival is an opportunity for Izuku to show his true value to the world.
Note: The episode earned a 3.4% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[15]
15
2 "Roaring Sports Festival"
"Unare Taiikusai" (うなれ体育祭) April 8, 2017
Todoroki expresses to Izuku that he will defeat him and show his true power. As the Sports Festival begins, the students from the four branches of the school - Hero, General Studies, Business and Support Courses - participate in an obstacle-course race.
Note: The episode earned a 3.5% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[16]
16
3 "In Their Own Quirky Ways"
"Minna Koseiteki de ii ne" (みんな個性的でいいね) April 15, 2017
During the obstacle race, Todoroki effortlessly passes each obstacle with Bakugo in hot pursuit. At the last obstacle, Izuku uses his wits to pass through both and win the race. However, his victory is short-lived when he learns that by being first place, he is the top target for the next round.
17
4 "Strategy, Strategy, Strategy"
"Saku Saku Saku" (策策策) April 22, 2017
In the next round, the Cavalry Battle, Izuku teams up with Ochako, Tokoyami and Support Course student Mei. Being the team with most points, they barely evade the advances from the other teams from their class, while the students from Class B take advantage of it to claim points for themselves.
18
5 "Cavalry Battle Finale"
"Kibasen Kecchaku" (騎馬戦決着) April 29, 2017
As the end of the Cavalry Battle approaches, Izuku's team have a heated confrontation with the team led by Todoroki and despite losing the first place to them, they earn a place in the next round by working together.
19
6 "The Boy Born with Everything"
"Subete o Motte Umareta Otokonoko" (全てを持って生まれた男の子) May 6, 2017
The 16 remaining students advance to the final stage, with battles one on one to decide the winner. Before the fights begin, Todoroki has a private talk with Izuku, revealing the reasons for his hatred toward his father, the world's second-best hero Endeavor.
Note: The episode earned a 3.5% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[17]
20
7 "Victory or Defeat"
"Kachimake" (勝ち負け) May 13, 2017
In the first round, Izuku is struck by Hitoshi Shinso's brainwashing ability, but breaks free in the last moment and obtains victory, while Todoroki displays his overwhelming power and easily wins his match against Hanta Sero, becoming Izuku's opponent in the following round.
Note: The episode earned a 3.4% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[18]
21
8 "Battle on, Challengers!"
"Furue! Charenjā" (奮え！チャレンジャー) May 20, 2017
The U.A. Sports Festival continues with the completion of the other six bracket matches. Shiozaki swiftly overcomes Kaminari. Mei manipulates Iida in order to show off her tech to support companies, giving him the win by stepping out. Mina beats Aoyama by exploiting his weakness. Yaoyorozu is overwhelmed by the speed of Tokoyami's Dark Shadow and is pushed out of the ring. Tetsutetsu and Kirishima have a homestyle brawl ending in a tie. Throughout all of this, Ochako is trying to prepare herself for the daunting task of battling Bakugo.
Note: The episode earned a 3.0% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[19]
22
9 "Bakugo vs. Uraraka"
"Bakugō vs. Uraraka" (爆vs麗日豪) May 27, 2017
Ochako uses many different strategies to attempt to defeat Bakugo. However, despite her plans, Bakugo wins after Ochako falls unconscious. Afterwards, Ochako talks over the phone with her father who tries to console her, but to no avail. Also during this time, Tetsutetsu and Kirishima have an arm-wrestling contest to determine who moves on to the next round; Kirishima wins and the two become friends. Izuku prepares for his fight with Todoroki.
23
10 "Shoto Todoroki: Origin"
"Todoroki Shōto: Orijin" (轟 焦凍:オリジン) June 3, 2017
Izuku and Todoroki begin their match. Izuku, while still trying to win, is attempting to get Todoroki to use his left side so they can both battle at their full power. As Todoroki fights on, more of his past is revealed through flashbacks. He remembers his mother saying it was okay to use his left side because he wanted to be a hero. So Izuku fights Todoroki who is using both sides. Cementoss and Midnight attempt to stop the match before the two deal their final attacks but to no avail. Izuku is thrown out of bounds and Todoroki moves on.
Note: The episode earned a 3.0% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[20]
24
11 "Fight on, Iida"
"Īda-kun Faito" (飯田くんファイト) June 10, 2017
Izuku caused significant damage in his right hand warranting surgery; school nurse Recovery Girl refuses future treatment if he does it again. All Might admits to his youth being identical to Izuku's. Todoroki admits to Endeavor he was able to use his left side fire because he forgot all about his father. In the last matches of the second round, Iida and Tokoyami push respective opponents Shiozaki and Ashido out of bounds, while Bakugo overpowers Kirishima. When Iida fights Todoroki, Iida is frozen and rendered unable to go on. Bakugo figures Tokoyami's weakness to intense light as they fight and makes him yield. Meanwhile in Tokyo, Iida's brother Ingenium is crippled in pursuit of the Hero Killer: Stain, and Iida is informed not long after by his mother. Stain is invited by Kurogiri to meet with Shiguraki about joining the Villain's League.
25
12 "Todoroki vs. Bakugo"
"Todoroki vs. Bakugo" (轟vs爆豪) June 17, 2017
Todoroki is still unsure if he should be using his left side. As the match starts, Todoroki attacks Bakugo with his ice power. Bakugo becomes angry as he wants Todoroki to fight him with both of his sides. After Izuku's cheer, Todoroki decides to use his left side but when Bakugo is about to use his "Howitzer Impact", Todoroki suddenly stops using his left side. The attack pushes Todoroki out of bounds, resulting in Bakugo being named the winner. Angered, Bakugo still goes after Todoroki, but Midnight stops him. After the match, All Might gives everyone medals. Iida goes to see his brother at the hospital before the match begins and did not attend the award ceremony. After everyone went home to recover, Todoroki finally decides to go see his mother whom he had not seen for many years.
26
13 "Time to Pick Some Names"
"Namae o Tsuke te Miyō no Kai" (名前をつけてみようの会) June 24, 2017
The Sports Festival is over, and everyone's injuries are almost recovered. Mr. Aizawa announces that everyone has to decide a hero name for themselves, and that since many of the students have gotten multiple offers from pro heroes, everyone will be doing a one-week internship at a hero agency. Midnight joins in to offer feedback on everyone's hero name requests. After that, everyone chooses an agency for their internship. Izuku is still not sure which agency he should join when suddenly All Might shows up. He tells Izuku that his teacher has offered an internship, and Izuku accepts it. Meanwhile, Iida picks an agency in the area where his brother was attacked. The next day, everyone sets off for the internship.
27
14 "Bizarre! Gran Torino Appears"
"Kaiki! Guran Torino Arawaru" (怪奇!グラントリノ現る) July 8, 2017
The internship program starts and Izuku is waiting to meet Gran Torino but when he does he is not what he expected. Izuku begins to leave until Gran Torino shows his power and tempts Izuku to fight him. Meanwhile Tenya is looking for hero-killer Stain and the other students of Class A are also busy in their internship. Izuku trains hard with Gran Torino and finally starts to understand One For All.
28
15 "Midoriya and Shigaraki"
"Midoriya to Shigaraki" (緑谷と死柄木) July 15, 2017
Now that Izuku knows how to control some of his powers he starts to train more and more with Gran Torino to perfect that power. All Might learns more about the captured Nomu. After Stain refuses to join the League of Villains, he returns to Haso City to hunt down more heroes. Shigaraki also goes to Haso, releasing several Nomus into the city. On the way to respond to the Nomu attacks, Tenya discovers Stain just as he is about to kill another hero. Meanwhile, Gran Torino decides to take Izuku to Shibuya city, and their train is attacked by a Nomu as they pass Haso.
Note: The episode earned a 3.0% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[21]
29
16 "Hero Killer: Stain vs U.A. Students"
"Hīrō Goroshi Sutein vs U.A. Seito" (ヒーロー殺し ステインvs雄英生徒) July 22, 2017
Haso City is under attack by Stain and by three Nomus released by the League of Villains. As Gran Torino battles the Nomu that attacked their train, Izuku searches the city for Tenya and arrives just in time to prevent Stain from killing him. Having received a cryptic message from Izuku before he attacked Stain, Shoto arrives just as Stain has used his Quirk to paralyze Izuku. As Izuku figures out the secret of Stain's Quirk, Shoto struggles to evade Stain's many blades and Tenya struggles with his own rage and quest for vengeance.
Note: The episode earned a 2.8% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[22]
30
17 "Climax"
"Ketchaku" (決着) July 29, 2017
Tenya fights off Stain's Quirk and joins the battle with Shoto and Izuku. Endeavor and Gran Torino defeat a Nomu while the three UA students defeat Stain - at the cost of serious injuries to Tenya and Izuku. Endeavor defeats the remaining Nomu and controls the situation.
Note: The episode earned a 4.5% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[23]
31
18 "The Aftermath of Hero Killer: Stain"
"'Hīrō-Goroshi Sutein' Sono Yoha" (「ヒーロー殺しステイン」その余波) August 5, 2017
Following Stain's arrest, the video of Stain expressing his views on the present Heroes has gone viral, and more people are falling to those views. With Stain in custody, they begin to gravitate towards the League of Villains. Meanwhile, credit for the arrest has gone to Endeavor, to ensure that Tenya, Izuku and Shoto are not arrested for using their powers without permission. Iida apologizes for his rash behavior and decides to work on improving himself.
32
19 "Everyone's Internships"
"Sorezore no Shokuba Taiken" (それぞれの職場体験) August 12, 2017
Anime-original episode showing what some of the other characters did during their internships, particularly Tsuyu/Froppy.
Note: The episode earned a 2.7% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[24]
33
20 "Listen Up!! A Tale from the Past"
"Shire!! Mukashi no Hanashi" (知れ!!昔の話) August 19, 2017
Following their internships, everyone has returned to school, and All Might decides to tell Izuku the truth behind his Quirk, One for All.
Note: The episode earned a 4.1% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[25]
34
21 "Gear up for Final Exams"
"Sonaero Kimatsu Tesuto" (備えろ期末テスト) September 2, 2017
Final exams are approaching, and the class prepares for their written and practical exams. Momo hosts a study party at her mansion, and Itsuka tells Izuku and his friends that the practical exam will be against robot enemies. After making it through three days of written exams, everyone is shocked to learn that the practical exam will not involve robots this year - instead, they will be fighting in predetermined pairs against one of their teachers. To pass, they must either defeat the teacher or escape the arena before time runs out.
Note: The episode earned a 3.2% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[26]
35
22 "Yaoyorozu: Rising"
"Yaoyorozu: Raijingu" (八百万：ライジング) September 9, 2017
Tsuyu and Fumikage work together to evade Ectoplasm's army of clones. Tenya and Mashirao face off against the burrowing Power Loader. Todoroki and Momo, whose confidence was shattered after being easily defeated by Fumikage in the Sports Festival, attempt to evade Aizawa's Quirk. Ochaco and Yuga try to avoid being sucked into Thirteen's black hole.
Note: The episode earned a 3.0% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[27]
36
23 "Stripping the Varnish"
"Mukero Hitokawa" (むけろ一皮) September 16, 2017
Yuga asks Ochaco if she likes Izuku, prompting an unexpected resolution to their match with Thirteen. Denki and Mina attempt to evade the buildings being toppled by Principal Nezu as he strategically cuts off their escape routes. Kyoka and Koji, who both have sound-dependent Quirks, struggle to come up with a strategy against Present Mic's overpowering noise. Mezo creates a distraction to allow Toru an opening against Snipe. Midnight takes out Hanta quickly, leaving Mineta alone against her somnambulist Quirk.
Note: The episode earned a 3.9% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[28]
37
24 "Katsuki Bakugo: Origin"
"Bakugo Katsuki: Orijin" (爆豪勝己：オリジン) September 23, 2017
The final match of the final exams pits Izuku and Katsuki against All Might. Izuku struggles to convince Katsuki to work with him, especially since Izuku believes they have no choice but to escape and Katsuki seems determined to fight All Might head-on. Even with All Might's diminishing strength and handicap weights, both students face serious injuries as they put everything they have into the fight.
Note: The episode earned a 3.4% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[29]
38
25 "Encounter"
"Enkauntā" (エンカウンター) September 30, 2017
At the League of Villains hideout, two visitors express interest in joining the League of Villains. Tomura resents the fact that Stain's ideology has inspired so many people when his own approach has not been nearly as successful. Meanwhile, Izuku and his classmates go on a shopping trip to prepare for summer training camp.
Season 3 (2018)[edit]
No. in series
No. in season
Title[a]
Original air date[12]
39
1 "Game Start"
"Gēmu Sutāto" (ゲーム・スタート) April 7, 2018
The students of 1-A have a PE class at the pool, while reminiscing about the main events of the previous season.
Note: The episode earned a 4.9% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[30]
40
2 "Wild Wild Pussycats"
"Wairudo Wairudo Pusshīkyattsu" (ワイルド・ワイルド・プッシーキャッツ) April 14, 2018
On the day of the forest lodge trip, Class 1-A and 1-B prepare to board buses. An hour later, Class 1-A's bus stops for a restroom break. Suddenly, two women wearing cat-like costumes and a small boy appear. The women introduce themselves as the professional Hero Team, The Pussycats, while the boy is revealed to be Kota, an orphan in their care who despises heroes. Mandalay tells class 1-A that they must reach the training camp at the base of the mountain by midday or they will miss lunch. Despite their best efforts, class 1-A's progress is inhibited by earthen beasts throughout the forest, controlled by Mandalay with her Quirk, and the students miss their deadline by hours. However, team Pussycats is satisfied with their performances, and they are offered dinner instead. Afterwards, Class 1-A go to the hot springs for a bath. Mineta tries to peek at the girls' bath side but is prevented by Kota; Kota accidentally sees the girls and faints, but is saved by Izuku. Izuku brings the unconscious Kota to the cabin and comes to find out why he despises heroes.
41
3 "Kota"
"Kōta-kun" (洸汰くん) April 21, 2018
42
4 "My Hero"
"Boku no Hīrō" (僕のヒーロー) April 28, 2018
OVA[edit]
No.
Title
Release date
1
"Save! Rescue Training!"
"Sukue! Kyūjo Kunren!" (救え!救助訓練!) November 27, 2016 (event)
April 4, 2017 (DVD)
2
"Training of the Dead"
(トレーニング・オブ・ザ・デッド) June 2, 2017
Film[edit]
An original film entitled My Hero Academia the Movie: The Two Heroes is set to be released in 2018, developed by the same team of the anime.[31]
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b All English titles are taken from Crunchyroll.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Shonen Jump to Launch 4 Manga Series in Next 3 Issues". Anime News Network. June 25, 2014. Archived from the original on December 5, 2014. Retrieved November 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Viz's Shonen Jump Adds My Hero Academia". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on January 28, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ "My Hero Academia TV Anime Adaptation Confirmed". Anime News Network. October 29, 2015. Archived from the original on November 1, 2015. Retrieved November 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ "My Hero Academia Anime Gets 3rd Season". Anime News Network. September 30, 2017. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "My Hero Academia Anime's 3rd Season Premieres April 7". Anime News Network. January 30, 2018. Archived from the original on January 30, 2018. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ Green, Scott (February 2, 2017). "Latest "My Hero Academia" Anime Cast Addition And Plans Spotted". Crunchyroll. Archived from the original on February 3, 2017. Retrieved February 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "My Hero Academia Season 2's Ad Previews Opening Theme Song". Anime News Network. March 31, 2017. Archived from the original on June 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "My Hero Academia Anime Reveals New Opening Theme Artist, Cast for Gran Torino". Anime News Network. June 22, 2017. Archived from the original on June 22, 2017. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ "LiSA Performs New Ending Theme For My Hero Academia Anime's 2nd Season". Anime News Network. June 18, 2017. Archived from the original on October 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "My Hero Academia 3rd Anime Season's 2nd Promo Video Previews UVERworld's Theme". Anime News Network. March 3, 2018. Archived from the original on March 3, 2018. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ "My Hero Academia to Air on Toonami". Anime News Network. April 19, 2018. Archived from the original on April 19, 2018. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "ス卜一リーSTORY". ytv. Archived from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, March 20―26". Anime News Network. March 30, 2017. Archived from the original on July 9, 2017. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "My Hero Academia 2nd Season's 1st Episode Will Recap 1st Season". Anime News Network. February 3, 2017. Archived from the original on April 2, 2017. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, March 27―April 2". Anime News Network. April 6, 2017. Archived from the original on July 14, 2017. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, April 3―9". Anime News Network. April 13, 2017. Archived from the original on July 9, 2017. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, May 1―7". Anime News Network. May 18, 2017. Archived from the original on July 6, 2017. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, May 8―14". Anime News Network. May 27, 2017. Archived from the original on August 1, 2017. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, May 15―21". Anime News Network. May 27, 2017. Archived from the original on August 1, 2017. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, May 29―June 4". Anime News Network. June 8, 2017. Archived from the original on July 19, 2017. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, July 10―16". Anime News Network. July 21, 2017. Archived from the original on July 23, 2017. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, July 17―23". Anime News Network. July 27, 2017. Archived from the original on July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, July 24―30". Anime News Network. August 3, 2017. Archived from the original on August 6, 2017. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, August 7―13". Anime News Network. August 17, 2017. Archived from the original on April 20, 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, August 14―20". Anime News Network. August 24, 2017. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, August 28―September 3". Anime News Network. September 7, 2017. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, September 3―9". Anime News Network. September 14, 2017. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, September 10―16". Anime News Network. September 21, 2017. Archived from the original on February 21, 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, September 17―23". Anime News Network. September 28, 2017. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, April 2-8". Anime News Network. April 12, 2018. Archived from the original on April 20, 2018. Retrieved April 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ "My Hero Academia Gets Anime Film With Original Story in Summer 2018". Anime News Network. December 10, 2017. Archived from the original on December 11, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2017.
See also[edit]
List of My Hero Academia chapters
List of My Hero Academia characters
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List of South African provinces by area
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Since the election of 27 April 1994, South Africa has been divided into nine provinces. They vary widely in size, from the Northern Cape, which covers nearly one-third of the country's land area, to Gauteng, which takes up a mere 1.5%.
Rank
Province
Area (km²)[1]
Percentage
1 Northern Cape 372,889 30.5
2 Eastern Cape 168,966 13.8
3 Free State 129,825 10.6
4 Western Cape 129,462 10.6
5 Limpopo 125,755 10.2
6 North West 104,882 8.6
7 KwaZulu-Natal 94,361 7.7
8 Mpumalanga 76,495 6.3
9 Gauteng 18,178 1.5
South Africa 1,220,813 100.0
The Prince Edward Islands, which are considered part of the Western Cape for legal purposes but are administered by the national Department of Environmental Affairs, are not included in this table; they have surface areas of 290 km² (Marion Island) and 45 km² (Prince Edward Island).[2]
Historical data[edit]
The provincial borders have changed twice since 1994: once on 1 March 2006, when all provinces except the Free State and the Western Cape were affected; and once on 3 April 2009, when only the Gauteng–North West border was altered.
Province
1994–2006[3]
(km²)
Percentage
2006–2009[4]
(km²)
Percentage
2009–present[1]
(km²)
Percentage
Northern Cape 361,830 29.7 372,889 30.5 372,889 30.5
Eastern Cape 169,580 13.9 168,966 13.8 168,966 13.8
Free State 129,480 10.6 129,825 10.6 129,825 10.6
Western Cape 129,370 10.6 129,462 10.6 129,462 10.6
Limpopo 123,910 10.2 125,755 10.2 125,755 10.2
North West 116,320 9.5 106,512 8.7 104,882 8.6
KwaZulu-Natal 92,100 7.6 94,361 7.7 94,361 7.7
Mpumalanga 79,490 6.5 76,495 6.3 76,495 6.3
Gauteng 17,010 1.4 16,548 1.4 18,178 1.5
South Africa 1,219,090 100.0 1,220,813 100.0 1,220,813 100.0
The pre-2006 figures are based on a less accurate calculation, and therefore the total is different from that for the post-2006 figures.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Stats in brief, 2009 (PDF). Pretoria: Statistics South Africa. 2009. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-621-38774-2. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
Jump up ^ Cooper, John (June 2006). "Antarctica and Islands: Background Research Paper produced for the South Africa Environment Outlook report on behalf of the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism" (PDF). p. 3. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
Jump up ^ Stats in brief, 2000 (PDF). Pretoria: Statistics South Africa. 2000. p. 1. ISBN 0-621-29480-2. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
Jump up ^ Stats in brief, 2006 (PDF). Pretoria: Statistics South Africa. 2006. p. 3. ISBN 0-621-36558-0. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
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Hearing range
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Hearing range describes the range of frequencies that can be heard by humans or other animals, though it can also refer to the range of levels. The human range is commonly given as 20 to 20,000 Hz, though there is considerable variation between individuals, especially at high frequencies, and a gradual loss of sensitivity to higher frequencies with age is considered normal. Sensitivity also varies with frequency, as shown by equal-loudness contours. Routine investigation for hearing loss usually involves an audiogram which shows threshold levels relative to a normal.
Several animal species are able to hear frequencies well beyond the human hearing range. Some dolphins and bats, for example, can hear frequencies up to 100,000 Hz. Elephants can hear sounds at 14–16 Hz, while some whales can hear infrasonic sounds as low as 7 Hz (in water).
Contents
[hide]
1 Measurement
2 In animals
2.1 Humans
2.2 Other primates
2.3 Cats
2.4 Dogs
2.5 Bats
2.6 Mice
2.7 Birds
2.8 Fish
3 In marine mammals
4 See also
5 Notes
6 References
7 Works cited
Measurement[edit]
Main article: Absolute threshold of hearing
A basic measure of hearing is afforded by an audiogram: a graph of the minimum discernible sound level at various frequencies throughout an organism's nominal hearing range.[1]
Behavioural hearing tests or physiological tests can be used to find hearing thresholds of humans and other animals. For humans, the test involves tones being presented at specific frequencies (pitch) and intensities (loudness). When the subject hears the sound, he or she indicates it by raising a hand or pressing a button. The lowest intensity they can hear is recorded.
The test varies for children; their response to the sound can be indicated by a turn of the head or using a toy. The child learns what to do upon hearing the sound, such as placing a toy man in a boat. A similar technique can be used when testing animals, where food is used as a reward for responding to the sound.
Physiological tests do not need the patient to consciously respond.[2]
The information on different mammals hearing was obtained primarily by behavioural hearing tests.
Frequency is measured in hertz (Hz), the number of sound pressure level vibrations (sonic waves) per second.
In animals[edit]
Logarithmic chart of the hearing ranges of some animals [3]
Humans[edit]
See also: Auditory system
In humans, sound waves funnel into the ear via the external ear canal and reach the eardrum (tympanic membrane). The compression and rarefaction of these waves set this thin membrane in motion, causing sympathetic vibration through the middle ear bones (the ossicles: malleus, incus and stapes), the basilar fluid in the cochlea, and the hairs within it, called stereocilia. These hairs line the cochlea from base to apex, and the part stimulated and the intensity of stimulation gives an indication of the nature of the sound. Information gathered from the hair cells is sent via the auditory nerve for processing in the brain.
Hearing Loss with Age (Presbycusis)
Teenagers begin to lose the ability to hear high-pitched sounds.[4] Beyond the age of 25, many adults cannot hear this 10-second audio clip at a frequency of 17.4 kHz.[5]
Problems playing this file? See media help.
The commonly stated range of human hearing is 20 Hz to 20 kHz.[6][7][note 1] Under ideal laboratory conditions, humans can hear sound as low as 12 Hz[8] and as high as 28 kHz, though the threshold increases sharply at 15 kHz in adults, corresponding to the last auditory channel of the cochlea.[9] Humans are most sensitive to (i.e. able to discern at lowest intensity) frequencies between 2,000 and 5,000 Hz.[10] Individual hearing range varies according to the general condition of a human's ears and nervous system. The range shrinks during life,[4] usually beginning at around age of eight with the upper frequency limit being reduced. Women typically experience a lesser degree of hearing loss than men, with a later onset. Men have approximately 5 to 10 dB greater loss in the upper frequencies by age 40.[11][12]
An audiogram showing typical hearing variation from a standarized norm.
Audiograms of human hearing are produced using an audiometer, which presents different frequencies to the subject, usually over calibrated headphones, at specified levels. The levels are weighted with frequency relative to a standard graph known as the minimum audibility curve, which is intended to represent "normal" hearing. The threshold of hearing is set at around 0 phon on the equal-loudness contours (i.e. 20 micropascals, approximately the quietest sound a young healthy human can detect),[13] but is standardised in an ANSI standard to 1 kHz.[14] Standards using different reference levels, give rise to differences in audiograms. The ASA-1951 standard, for example, used a level of 16.5 dB SPL (sound pressure level) at 1 kHz, whereas the later ANSI-1969/ISO-1963 standard uses 6.5 dB SPL, with a 10 dB correction applied for older people.
Other primates[edit]
Several primates, especially small ones, can hear frequencies far into the infrasonic field. Defined at 60 decibels, the hearing range for the Senegal bushbaby is 92 Hz–65 kHz, and 67 Hz–58 kHz for the Ring-tailed lemur. Of 19 primates tested, Macaca fuscata had the widest range, 28 Hz–34.5 kHz, compared to 31 Hz–17.6 kHz for humans.[15]
Cats[edit]
Cats have excellent hearing and can detect an extremely broad range of frequencies. They can hear higher-pitched sounds than humans or most dogs, detecting frequencies from 55 Hz up to 79 kHz.[16][17] Cats do not use this ability to hear ultrasound for communication but it is probably important in hunting,[18] since many species of rodents make ultrasonic calls.[19] Cat hearing is also extremely sensitive and is among the best of any mammal,[16] being most acute in the range of 500 Hz to 32 kHz.[20] This sensitivity is further enhanced by the cat's large movable outer ears (their pinnae), which both amplify sounds and help a cat sense the direction from which a noise is coming.[18]
Dogs[edit]
The hearing ability of a dog is dependent on breed and age, though the range of hearing is usually around 67 Hz to 45 kHz.[21][22] As with humans, some dog breeds' hearing ranges narrow with age,[23] such as the German shepherd and miniature poodle. When dogs hear a sound, they will move their ears towards it in order to maximise reception. In order to achieve this, the ears of a dog are controlled by at least 18 muscles, which allow the ears to tilt and rotate. The ear's shape also allows the sound to be heard more accurately. Many breeds often have upright and curved ears, which direct and amplify sounds.
As dogs hear higher frequency sounds than humans, they have a different acoustic perception of the world.[23] Sounds that seem loud to humans often emit high frequency tones that can scare away dogs. Whistles which emit ultrasonic sound, called dog whistles, are used in dog training, as a dog will respond much better to such levels. In the wild, dogs use their hearing capabilities to hunt and locate food. Domestic breeds are often used to guard property due to their increased hearing ability.[22] So-called "Nelson" dog whistles generate sounds at frequencies higher than those audible to humans but well within the range of a dog's hearing.
Bats[edit]
Bats have evolved very sensitive hearing to cope with their nocturnal activity. Their hearing range varies by species; at the lowest it can be 1 kHz for some species and for other species the highest reaches up to 200 kHz. Bats that can detect 200 kHz cannot hear very well below 10 kHz.[24] In any case, the most sensitive range of bat hearing is narrower: about 15 kHz to 90 kHz.[24]
Bats navigate around objects and locate their prey using echolocation. A bat will produce a very loud, short sound and assess the echo when it bounces back. Bats hunt flying insects; these insects return a faint echo of the bat's call. The type of insect and how big it is can be determined by the quality of the echo and time it takes for the echo to rebound; there are two types; constant frequency (CF), and frequency modulated (FM) calls that descend in pitch[25] Each type reveals different information; CF is used to detect an object, and FM is used to assess its distance. FM and CF are two different types of echo which inform the bat on the size and distance of the prey. The pulses of sound produced by the bat last only a few thousandths of a second; silences between the calls give time to listen for the information coming back in the form of an echo. Evidence suggests that bats use the change in pitch of sound produced via the Doppler effect to assess their flight speed in relation to objects around them.[26] The information regarding size, shape and texture is built up to form a picture of their surroundings and the location of their prey. Using these factors a bat can successfully track change in movements and therefore hunt down their prey.
Mice[edit]
Mice have large ears in comparison to their bodies. They hear higher frequencies than humans; their frequency range is 1 kHz to 70 kHz. They do not hear the lower frequencies that humans can; they communicate using high frequency noises some of which are inaudible by humans. The distress call of a young mouse can be produced at 40 kHz. The mice use their ability to produce sounds out of predators' frequency ranges: they can alert other mice of danger without also alerting the predator to their presence. The squeaks that humans can hear are lower in frequency and are used by the mouse to make longer distance calls, as low frequency sounds can travel farther than high frequency sounds.[27]
Birds[edit]
Hearing is birds' second most important sense and their ears are funnel-shaped to focus sound. The ears are located slightly behind and below the eyes, and they are covered with soft feathers – the auriculars – for protection. The shape of a bird's head can also affect its hearing, such as owls, whose facial discs help direct sound toward their ears.
The hearing range of birds is most sensitive between 1 kHz and 4 kHz, but their full range is roughly similar to human hearing, with higher or lower limits depending on the bird species.[28] "Birds are especially sensitive to pitch, tone and rhythm changes and use those variations to recognize other individual birds, even in a noisy flock. Birds also use different sounds, songs and calls in different situations, and recognizing the different noises is essential to determine if a call is warning of a predator, advertising a territorial claim or offering to share food."[29]
"Some birds, most notably oilbirds, also use echolocation, just as bats do. These birds live in caves and use their rapid chirps and clicks to navigate through dark caves where even sensitive vision may not be useful enough."[29]
Fish[edit]
Fish have a narrow hearing range compared to most mammals. Goldfish and catfish do possess a Weberian apparatus and has a wider hearing range than the tuna.
In marine mammals[edit]
As aquatic environments have very different physical properties than land environments, there are differences in how marine mammals hear compared to land mammals. The differences in auditory systems have led to extensive research on aquatic mammals, specifically on dolphins.
The auditory system of a land mammal typically works via the transfer of sound waves through the ear canals. Ear canals in seals, sea lions, and walruses are similar to those of land mammals and may function the same way. In whales and dolphins, it is not entirely clear how sound is propagated to the ear, but some studies strongly suggest that sound is channeled to the ear by tissues in the area of the lower jaw. One group of whales, the Odontocetes (toothed whales), use echolocation to determine the position of objects such as prey. The toothed whales are also unusual in that the ears are separated from the skull and placed well apart, which assists them with localizing sounds, an important element for echolocation.
Dolphins
Studies[30] have found there to be two different types of cochlea in the dolphin population. Type I has been found in the Amazon river dolphin and harbour porpoises. These types of dolphin use extremely high frequency signals for echolocation. Harbour porpoise emits sounds at two bands, one at 2 kHz and one above 110 kHz. The cochlea in these dolphins is specialised to accommodate extreme high frequency sounds and is extremely narrow at the base of the cochlea.
Type II cochlea are found primarily in offshore and open water species of whales, such as the bottlenose dolphin. The sounds produced by bottlenose dolphins are lower in frequency and range typically between 75 and 150,000 Hz. The higher frequencies in this range are also used for echolocation and the lower frequencies are commonly associated with social interaction as the signals travel much farther distances.
Marine mammals use vocalisations in many different ways. Dolphins communicate via clicks and whistles, and whales use low frequency moans or pulse signals. Each signal varies in terms of frequency and different signals are used to communicate different aspects. In dolphins, echolocation is used in order to detect and characterize objects and whistles are used in sociable herds as identification and communication devices.
See also[edit]
Hearing (sense)
Audiology
Audiometry
The Mosquito
Seismic communication
Minimum audibility curve
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ which corresponds to sound waves in air at 20°C with wavelengths of 17 meters to 1.7 cm (56 ft to 0.7 inch).
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Marler, Peter (2004). Nature's Music: The Science of Birdsong. Academic Press Inc. p. 207. ISBN 978-0124730700.
Jump up ^ Katz, Jack (2002). Handbook of Clinical Audiology (5th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780683307658.
Jump up ^
RR Fay. 1988. Hearing in Vertebrates: a Psychophysics Databook. Hill-Fay Associates, Winnetka IL.
D Warfield. 1973. The study of hearing in animals. In: W Gay, ed., Methods of Animal Experimentation, IV. Academic Press, London, pp 43-143.
RR Fay and AN Popper, eds. 1994. Comparative Hearing: Mammals. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research Series. Springer-Verlag, NY.
CD West. 1985. The relationship of the spiral turns of the cochela and the length of the basilar membrane to the range of audible frequencies in ground dwelling mammals. Journal of the Acoustic Society of America 77:1091-1101.
EA Lipman and JR Grassi. 1942. Comparative auditory sensitivity of man and dog. Amer J Psychol 55:84-89.
HE Heffner. 1983. Hearing in large and small dogs: Absolute thresholds and size of the tympanic membrane. Behav Neurosci 97:310-318.
^ Jump up to: a b Rodriguez Valiente A, Trinidad A, Garcia Berrocal JR, Gorriz C, Ramirez Camacho R (April 2014). "Review: Extended high-frequency (9–20 kHz) audiometry reference thresholds in healthy subjects". Int J Audiol. 53 (8): 531–545. PMID 24749665. doi:10.3109/14992027.2014.893375. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Education.com (23 May 2013). "Sonic Science: The High-Frequency Hearing Test". Scientific American. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Rosen, Stuart (2011). Signals and Systems for Speech and Hearing (2nd ed.). BRILL. p. 163. For auditory signals and human listeners, the accepted range is 20Hz to 20kHz, the limits of human hearing
Jump up ^ Rossing, Thomas (2007). Springer Handbook of Acoustics. Springer. pp. 747, 748. ISBN 978-0387304465.
Jump up ^ Olson, Harry F. (1967). Music, Physics and Engineering. Dover Publications. p. 249. ISBN 0-486-21769-8. Under very favorable conditions most individuals can obtain tonal characteristics as low as 12 cycles.
Jump up ^ Ashihara, Kaoru (2007-09-01). "Hearing thresholds for pure tones above 16kHz". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 122 (3): EL52–EL57. Bibcode:2007ASAJ..122L..52A. ISSN 0001-4966. doi:10.1121/1.2761883. The absolute threshold usually starts to increase sharply when the signal frequency exceeds about 15 kHz. ... The present results show that some humans can perceive tones up to at least 28 kHz when their level exceeds about 100 dB SPL.
Jump up ^ Gelfand, Stanley (2011). Essentials of Audiology. Thieme. p. 87. ISBN 1604061553. hearing is most sensitive (i.e., the least amount of intensity is needed to reach threshold) in the 2000 to 5000 Hz range
Jump up ^ Dittmar, Tim (2011). Audio Engineering 101: A Beginner's Guide to Music Production. Taylor & Francis. p. 17. ISBN 9780240819150.
Jump up ^ Moller, Aage R. (2006). Hearing: Anatomy, Physiology, and Disorders of the Auditory System (2 ed.). Academic Press. p. 217. ISBN 9780080463841.
Jump up ^ Gelfand, S A., 1990. Hearing: An introduction to psychological and physiological acoustics. 2nd edition. New York and Basel: Marcel Dekker, Inc.
Jump up ^ Sataloff, Robert Thayer; Sataloff, Joseph (February 17, 1993). Hearing loss (3rd ed.). Dekker. ISBN 9780824790417.
Jump up ^ Rickye S. Heffner, 2004, Primate Hearing From a Mammalian Perspective; https://www.utoledo.edu/al/psychology/pdfs/comphearaudio/primate_hearing_from_a_mammalian_perspective.pdf
^ Jump up to: a b Heffner, Rickye S. (November 2004). "Primate Hearing from a Mammalian Perspective" (PDF). The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology. 281 (1): 1111–1122. PMID 15472899. doi:10.1002/ar.a.20117. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-09-19. Retrieved 20 August 2009.
Jump up ^ Heffner, Henry E. (May 1998). "Auditory Awareness". Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 57 (3–4): 259–268. doi:10.1016/S0168-1591(98)00101-4.
^ Jump up to: a b Sunquist, Melvin E.; Sunquist, Fiona (2002). Wild Cats of the World. University of Chicago Press. p. 10. ISBN 0-226-77999-8.
Jump up ^ Blumberg, M. S. (1992). "Rodent ultrasonic short calls: locomotion, biomechanics, and communication". Journal of Comparative Psychology. 106 (4): 360–365. PMID 1451418. doi:10.1037/0735-7036.106.4.360.
Jump up ^ Heffner, Rickye S. (1985). "Hearing Range of the Domestic Cat" (PDF). Hearing Research. 19: 85–88. PMID 4066516. doi:10.1016/0378-5955(85)90100-5. Retrieved 20 August 2009.
Jump up ^ "Frequency Hearing Ranges in Dogs and Other Species". www.lsu.edu. Retrieved 2016-12-28.
^ Jump up to: a b Condon, Timothy (2003). Elert, Glenn, ed. "Frequency Range of Dog Hearing". The Physics Factbook. Retrieved 2008-10-22.
^ Jump up to: a b Hungerford, Laura. "Dog Hearing". NEWTON, Ask a Scientist. University of Nebraska. Retrieved 2008-10-22.
^ Jump up to: a b Adams, Rick A.; Pedersen, Scott C. (2000). Ontogeny, Functional Ecology, and Evolution of Bats. Cambridge University Press. pp. 139–140. ISBN 0521626323.
Jump up ^ Bennu, Devorah A. N. (2001-10-10). "The Night is Alive With the Sound of Echoes". Archived from the original on 2007-09-21. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
Jump up ^ Richardson, Phil. "The Secret Life of Bats". Archived from the original on 2011-06-08. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
Jump up ^ Lawlor, Monika. "A Home For A Mouse". Society & Animals. 8. Archived from the original on 2012-10-13. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
Jump up ^ Beason, C., Robert. "What Can Birds Hear?". USDA National Wildlife Research Center - Staff Publications. Retrieved 2013-05-02.
^ Jump up to: a b Mayntz, Melissa. "Bird Senses – How Birds Use Their 5 Senses". Birding / Wild Birds. About.com. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
Jump up ^ Ketten, D. R.; Wartzok, D. Thomas, J.; Kastelein, R., eds. "Three-Dimensional Reconstructions of the Dolphin Ear" (PDF). Sensory Abilities of Cetaceans: Field and Laboratory Evidence. Plenum Press. 196: 81–105. doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0858-2_6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-07-30.
Works cited[edit]
D'Ambrose, Chris (2003). "Frequency Range of Human Hearing". The Physics Factbook. Retrieved 2007-02-28.
Hoelzel, A. Rus, ed. (2002). Marine Mammal Biology: An Evolutionary Approach. Oxford: Blackwell Science. ISBN 9780632052325.
Ketten, D. R. (2000). "Cetacean Ears". In Au, W. L.; Popper, Arthur N.; Fay, Richard R. Hearing by Whales and Dolphins. New York: Springer. pp. 43–108. ISBN 9780387949062.
Richardson, W. John (1998). Marine mammals and noise. London: Academic Press.
Rubel, Edwin W.; Popper, Arthur N.; Fay, Richard R. (1998). Development of the auditory system. New York: Springer. ISBN 9780387949840.
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