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Cover Up (TV series)
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Cover Up
Jon-Erik Hexum and Jennifer O'Neill
Genre
Action/Adventure
Created by
Glen A. Larson
Directed by
Phil Bondelli
Richard A. Colla
Peter Crane
Don Carlos Dunaway
Walter Grauman
John D. Hancock
Jeffrey Hayden
Sidney Hayers
Christopher Hibler
Bruce Kessler
Guy Magar
Bernard McEveety
Arthur Allan Seidelman
Michael Vejar
Don Weis
Starring
Jennifer O'Neill
Jon-Erik Hexum
Antony Hamilton
Theme music composer
Dean Pitchford
Jim Steinman
Opening theme
"Holding Out for a Hero" performed by EG Daily
Composer(s)
Joseph Conlan
J.A.C. Redford
Morton Stevens
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
1
No. of episodes
22
Production
Executive producer(s)
Glen A. Larson
Producer(s)
Brian Alan Lane
Bob Shayne
Harker Wade
Editor(s)
David Howe
Gene Ranney
Camera setup
Single-camera
Running time
44 mins.
Production company(s)
20th Century Fox Television
Glen A. Larson Productions
Release
Original network
CBS
Audio format
Monaural
Original release
September 22, 1984 (1984-09-22) – April 6, 1985 (1985-04-06)
Cover Up is an American action/adventure television series that aired for one season on CBS from September 22, 1984, to April 6, 1985. Created by Glen A. Larson, the series stars Jennifer O'Neill, Jon-Erik Hexum, Antony Hamilton, and Richard Anderson.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 On-set accident
4 Episode list
5 References
6 External links
Plot[edit]
Fashion photographer Dani Reynolds's life suddenly changes after the death of her husband. It is only then that she discovers that he was actually an undercover CIA agent. When she learns he had been murdered, she recruits Mac Harper, a former Special Forces Operator, to help her find her husband's killers.
Henry Towler, her husband's boss, then offers her the late husband's job. Dani would pretend she was still a photographer and Mac would be her model. Henry would send them anywhere in the world where Americans are in trouble or criminals need to be caught. Once there, they act pretty much on their own.
After the death of actor Jon-Erik Hexum, who played Mac, the episode "Writer's Block" introduced Dani's new assistant, Jack Striker. Jack was a CIA agent who, like Mac, operated under the cover of a model.
Cast[edit]
Dani Reynolds — Jennifer O'Neill
Mac Harper — Jon-Erik Hexum (1984)
Jack Striker — Antony Hamilton (1984–85)
Henry Towler — Richard Anderson
Production[edit]
On-set accident[edit]
During a break between scenes on the set on October 12, 1984, Jon-Erik Hexum became bored with the filming delays. He began playing Russian roulette with what he believed was a harmless .44 Magnum prop gun and jokingly placed it to his temple and pulled the trigger. The shot sent the wadding from the blank cartridge at Hexum's skull, driving a bone fragment the size of a quarter into his brain and causing massive hemorrhaging. Hexum was rushed to the hospital, where he eventually was declared brain dead. On October 18, he was taken off life support.[1]
Hexum appeared in only seven episodes of the series, including the pilot. He was replaced by Antony Hamilton for the remainder of the season.[2] Jennifer O'Neill appeared in all of the episodes. As Cover Up continued to air throughout the winter of 1984–85, ratings held up. The network ultimately canceled the series after its first season due to mediocre ratings.[3]
Episode list[edit]
"Pilot, Part 1" – September 22, 1984 (1984-09-22)
"Pilot, Part 2" – September 22, 1984 (1984-09-22)
"Death in Vogue" – September 29, 1984 (1984-09-29)
"The Million Dollar Face" – October 6, 1984 (1984-10-06)
"Harper-Gate" – October 10, 1984 (1984-10-10)
"Sudden Exposure" – October 17, 1984 (1984-10-17)
"Nothing to Lose" – October 24, 1984 (1984-10-24)
"Golden Opportunity" – November 3, 1984 (1984-11-03) *
"Writer's Block" – November 24, 1984 (1984-11-24) **
"Murder in Malibu" – December 1, 1984 (1984-12-01)
"Midnight Highway" – December 8, 1984 (1984-12-08)
"A Subtle Seduction" – December 29, 1984 (1984-12-29)
"Black Widow" – January 5, 1985 (1985-01-05)
"Murder Offshore" – January 12, 1985 (1985-01-12)
"The Assassin" – January 26, 1985 (1985-01-26)
"Rules to Die By" – February 2, 1985 (1985-02-02)
"Healthy, Wealthy, and Dead" – February 23, 1985 (1985-02-23)
"The Ugliest American" – March 2, 1985 (1985-03-02)
"Who's Trying to Kill Miss Globe?" – March 9, 1985 (1985-03-09)
"Adam's Rib" – March 23, 1985 (1985-03-23)
"Jack of Spades" – March 30, 1985 (1985-03-30)
"Passions" – April 6, 1985 (1985-04-06)
*Hexum's last episode[4]
**Hamilton's first episode[5]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Jon-Erik Hexum Fatal Joke". Entertainment Weekly. 1994-10-14. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
Jump up ^ Davidson, Casey; Shaw, Jessica (1995-04-28). "Monitor: Pop Culture News". ew.com. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
Jump up ^ Snauffer, Douglas (2008). The Show Must Go On - How the Deaths of Lead Actors Have Affected Television Series. McFarland & Company, Inc. pp. 88–92. ISBN 978-0-7864-3295-0.
Jump up ^ TV.com. "Cover Up: Golden Opportunity". TV.com.
Jump up ^ TV.com. "Cover Up: Writer's Block". TV.com.
External links[edit]
Cover Up on IMDb
Cover Up at TV.com
Cover Up at epguides.com
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cover_Up_(TV_series)&oldid=818863104"
Categories:
1984 American television series debuts
1985 American television series endings
1980s American television series
American action television series
American drama television series
CBS network shows
English-language television programs
Espionage television series
Television series by 20th Century Fox Television
Television series created by Glen A. Larson
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Lindsay and Sidney Greenbush
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The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for biographies. Please help to establish notability by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond its mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be established, the article is likely to be merged, redirected, or deleted.
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Rachel Lindsay Rene Bush and Sidney Robyn[1] Danae Bush (born May 25, 1970, Los Angeles) are former child actresses, best known for their combined (alternating) role as Carrie Ingalls, in the drama series Little House on the Prairie. They are identical twin sisters, born to actor Billy "Green" Bush and Carole Kay Bush. Their older brother, Clay, is also an actor. Their shared character's younger sister Grace Ingalls was played by Wendi and Brenda Turnbaugh.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Career
2 Post-Little House
3 Personal life
4 Filmography
5 External links
6 References
Career[edit]
Prior to Little House on the Prairie debuting on September 11, 1974, they starred in the made-for-television drama Sunshine (1973), as Jill Hayden. In 1978, in the season five Little House episode "The Godsister," the sisters are shown together playing different characters. The twins' final appearance on the series was on May 10, 1982.
In the final season, their absence was explained that the family (except Laura) moved to Burr Oak, Iowa, to pursue a promising life. Several months later, the series was canceled. The opening credits of the series showed one of the twins running in a meadow behind the credit "Lindsay Sidney Greenbush," leading many viewers to believe that was one little actress's full name. During the course of the series, Sidney had broken her arm several times and it was in a cast. Lindsay did most of the scenes as Carrie.
Post-Little House[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
In 1983, Lindsay guest starred in a Matt Houston episode as an abuse victim. Sidney starred in the film, Hambone and Hillie in 1983. The twins starred in a few commercials, Doublemint Gum, Mattel Toys, Kentucky Fried Chicken, etc. The twins decided to retire from acting, and continue their studies at public school. They graduated from Santa Monica High in 1988.
Personal life[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Sidney was married to horse breeder William "Rocky" Foster for nine years, until his suicide at age 55 in 2009.
Lindsay has been married to Daniel Sanchez since 2014. They originally met on the Little House set at Big Sky Ranch in Simi Valley (where exterior scenes were filmed) when she was a small child and he was a teenager who lived nearby. She has said Michael Landon allowed him to watch them film at "Big Sky Ranch." Decades later, they met again, and married in the same spot where they first met.
Filmography[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1973 Sunshine Jill Hayden both; TV movie
1974 Little House on the Prairie Carrie Ingalls both; pilot movie
1974–82 Little House on the Prairie Carrie Ingalls both
1978 Little House on the Prairie Alyssa both; episode 5.06 "The Godsister"
1979 Little House Years Carrie Ingalls both; post-series TV movie
1983 Hambone and Hillie Amy McVickers Sidney
1983 Matt Houston Butterfly Lindsay / episode 2.09 "Butterfly"
2001 To Tell the Truth Herself Sidney / aired October 30
2007 Weekend Today Herself Lindsay / aired May 20
External links[edit]
Lindsay Greenbush on IMDb
Sidney Greenbush on IMDb
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Sidney changed the way she spells her name from original Robin to Robyn so as to sound "more feminine".
Jump up ^ http://www.zunshine.com/turnbaugh/biography.html
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lindsay_and_Sidney_Greenbush&oldid=806303483"
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20th-century American actresses
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Identical twin actresses
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People from the Greater Los Angeles Area
Actresses from California
Twin people from the United States
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Lok Sabha
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This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: this article is filled with sections with misleading titles that contain irrelevant information. Please help improve this article if you can. (December 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Coordinates: 28°37′3″N 77°12′30″E / 28.61750°N 77.20833°E / 28.61750; 77.20833
Lok Sabha
House of the People
16th Lok Sabha
Emblem of India
Type
Type
Lower house of the Parliament of India
Term limits
5 years
Leadership
Speaker
Sumitra Mahajan, BJP
Since 6 June 2014
Deputy Speaker
M. Thambidurai, AIADMK
Since 13 August 2014
Leader of the House
Narendra Modi, BJP
Since 26 May 2014
Leader of the Opposition
Vacant, as none of the opposition parties has more than 10% of the seats.[1]
Structure
Seats
545 (543 elected + 2 Nominated from the Anglo-Indian Community by the President)[2]
Political groups
Government coalition (335)
National Democratic Alliance (335)
BJP (275)
SS (18)
TDP (16)
LJP (6)
SAD (4)
RLSP (3)
AD (2)
JD(U) (2)
JKPDP (1)
AINRC (1)
NPF (1)
NPP (1)
PMK (1)
SDF (1)
Speaker, BJP (1)
Nominated, BJP (2)
Opposition Parties (210)
United Progressive Alliance (49)
INC (45)
IUML (2)
KC(M) (1)
RSP (1)
Janata Parivar Parties (6)
RJD (2)
INLD (2)
JD(S) (2)
Unaligned Parties (144)
AIADMK (37)
AITC (33)
BJD (20)
TRS (11)
CPI(M) (9)
YSRCP (9)
NCP (6)
SP (5)
AAP (4)
AIUDF (3)
JMM (2)
AIMIM (1)
CPI (1)
JKNC (1)
SWP (1)
JAP (1)
Others (11)
Independents (3)
Vacant (8)
Elections
Voting system
First past the post
Last election
7 April – 12 May 2014
Next election
April – May 2019
Motto
धर्मचक्रपरिवर्तनाय
Meeting place
Lok Sabha Chambers, Sansad Bhavan, Sansad Marg, New Delhi, India
Website
loksabha.gov.in
The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the Lower house of India's bicameral Parliament, with the Upper house being the Rajya Sabha. Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by adult universal suffrage and a first-past-the-post system to represent their respective constituencies, and they hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the President on the advice of the council of ministers. The house meets in the Lok Sabha Chambers of the Sansad Bhavan in New Delhi.
The maximum strength of the House envisaged by the Constitution of India is 552, which is made up by election of up to 530 members to represent the states; up to 20 members to represent the Union Territories and not more than two members of the Anglo-Indian Community to be nominated by the President of India, if, in his/her opinion, that community is not adequately represented in the House. Under the current laws, the strength of Lok Sabha is 545, including the two seats reserved for members of the Anglo-Indian community. The total elective membership is distributed among the states in proportion to their population.[3][4] A total of 131 seats (18.42%) are reserved for representatives of Scheduled Castes (84) and Scheduled Tribes (47). The quorum for the House is 10% of the total membership.
The Lok Sabha, unless sooner dissolved, continues to operate for five years from the date appointed for its first meeting and the expiration of the period of five years. However, while a proclamation of emergency is in operation, this period may be extended by Parliament by law for a period not exceeding one year at a time and not extending, in any case, beyond a period of six months after the proclamation has ceased to operate.[3][5]
An exercise to redraw Lok Sabha constituencies' boundaries has been carried out by the Delimitation Commission based on the Indian census of 2001.[6] This exercise, which was supposed to be carried out after every census, was suspended in 1976 following a constitutional amendment to avoid adverse effects on the family planning programme which was being implemented.[7] The 16th Lok Sabha was elected in May 2014 and is the latest to date.
The Lok Sabha has its own television channel, Lok Sabha TV, headquartered within the premises of Parliament.[8]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Qualifications
3 Powers
4 Procedure
4.1 Procedure in the House
4.2 Sessions and Time of Sittings
4.3 Question Hour/Zero Hour
4.4 Business after Question Hour
4.5 Main Business
4.5.1 Legislative Business
4.5.2 Financial Business
4.5.3 Motions and Resolutions
4.6 Half-an-Hour Discussion
4.7 Discussion on Matters of Urgent Public Importance
4.8 Debate in the House
4.8.1 Division
4.9 Automatic Vote Recording System
4.10 Publication of Debates
5 Officers of Lok Sabha
6 Composition by states and territories
7 Lok Sabha general elections
8 Number of members by party in Lok Sabha
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
History[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A major portion of the Indian subcontinent was under British rule from 1858 to 1947.[9] During this period, the office of the Secretary of State for India (along with the Council of India) was the authority through whom British Parliament exercised its rule in the Indian sub-continent, and the office of Viceroy of India was created, along with an Executive Council in India, consisting of high officials of the British government. The Indian Councils Act 1861 provided for a Legislative Council consisting of the members of the Executive Council and non-official members. The Indian Councils Act 1892 established legislatures in each of the provinces of British India and increased the powers of the Legislative Council. Although these Acts increased the representation of Indians in the government, their power still remained limited, and the electorate very small. The Indian Councils Act 1909 and the Government of India Act 1919 further expanded the participation of Indians in the administration. The Indian Independence Act, passed by the British parliament on 18 July 1947, divided British India (which did not include the Princely States) into two new independent countries, India and Pakistan, which were to be dominions under the Crown until they had each enacted a new constitution. The Constituent Assembly was divided into two for the separate nations, with each new Assembly having sovereign powers transferred to it for the respective dominion.
The Constitution of India was adopted on 26 November 1949 and came into effect on 26 January 1950, proclaiming India to be a sovereign, democratic republic. This contained the founding principles of the law of the land which would govern India in its new form, which now included all the princely states which had not acceded to Pakistan.
According to Article 79 (Part V-The Union.)[10] of the Constitution of India, the Parliament of India consists of the President of India and the two Houses of Parliament known as the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and the House of the People (Lok Sabha).
The Lok Sabha (House of the Leaders) was duly constituted for the first time on 17 April 1952 after the first General Elections held from 25 October 1951 to 21 February 1952.
Session of Lok Sabha commenced on Date
Session No.
Date
First 13 May 1952
Second April 1957
Third April 1962
Fourth March 1967
Fifth March 1971
Sixth March 1977
Seventh January 1980
Eighth December 1984
Ninth December 1989
Tenth June 1991
Eleventh May 1996
Twelfth March 1998
Thirteenth October 1999
Fourteenth May 2004
Fifteenth May 2009
Sixteenth (Current) May 2014
Qualifications[edit]
See also: Election Commission of India
Article 84 (Part V.—The Union)[11] of Indian Constitution sets qualifications for being a member of Lok Sabha, which are as follows:
He / She should be a citizen of India, and must subscribe before the Election Commission of India an oath or affirmation according to the form set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule of Indian Constitution.
He / She should not be less than 25 years of age.
He / She possesses such other qualifications as may be prescribed in that behalf by or under any law made by Parliament.
He / She should not be proclaimed criminal i.e. they should not be a convict, a confirmed debtor or otherwise disqualified by law; and
He / She should have his/her name in the electoral rolls in any part of the country.
However, a member can be disqualified of being a member of Parliament:
If he / she holds office of profit;
If he / she is of unsound mind and stands so declared by a competent court
If he / she is an undischarged insolvent;
If he / she is not a citizen of India, or has voluntarily acquired the citizenship of a foreign State, or is under any acknowledgment of allegiance or adherence to a foreign State;
If he / she is violating party discipline (as per Tenth schedule of the constitution); disqualified under Representation of People Act.
A seat in the Lok Sabha will become vacant in the following circumstances: (during normal functioning of the House)
When the holder of the seat, by writing to the speaker, resigns.
When the holder of the seat is absent from 60 consecutive days of proceedings of the House, without prior permission of the Speaker.
When the holder of the seat is subject to any disqualifications mentioned in the Constitution or any law enacted by Parliament.
A seat may also be vacated when the holder stands disqualified under the 'Anti-Defection Law'.
Furthermore, as per article 101 (Part V.—The Union) [12] of Indian Constitution; A person cannot be : (1) a member of both Houses of Parliament and provision shall be made by Parliament by law for the vacation by a person who is chosen a member of both Houses of his seat in one House or the other.(2) a member both of Parliament and of a House of the Legislature of a State.
System of elections in Lok Sabha [13]
Members of the Lok Sabha are directly elected by the people of India, on the basis of Universal Suffrage. For the purpose of holding direct elections to Lok Sabha; each state is divided into territorial constituencies. In this respect, the constitution of India makes the following two provisions:
Each state is allotted a number of seats in the Lok Sabha in such a manner that the ratio between that number and its population is same for all the states of India. This provision does not apply for states having a population of less than 6 million (60 lakhs).
Each state is divided into territorial constituencies in such a manner that the ratio between the population of each constituency and the number of seats allotted to it remain the same throughout the state.
Note: The expression population here refers to the population ascertained at the preceding census (2001 Census) of which relevant figure have been published.
Powers[edit]
The Lok Sabha has certain powers that make it more powerful than the Rajya Sabha.
Motions of no confidence against the government can be introduced and passed in the Lok Sabha. If passed by a majority vote, the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers resign collectively. The Rajya Sabha has no power over such a motion, and hence has no real power over the executive. This is because the Constitution of India has only made the Union Council of ministers responsible to the Lok Sabha, not to the Rajya Sabha.
Money bills can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha, and upon being passed, are sent to the Rajya Sabha, where it can be deliberated on for up to 14 days. If not rejected by the Rajya Sabha, or 14 days lapse from the introduction of the bill in the Rajya Sabha without any action by the House, or recommendations made by the Rajya Sabha are not accepted by the Lok Sabha, the bill is considered passed. The budget is presented in the Lok Sabha by the Finance Minister in the name of the President of India.
In matters pertaining to non-financial (ordinary) bills, after the bill has been passed by the House where it was originally tabled (Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha), it is sent to the other house, where it may be kept for a maximum period of 6 months. If the other House rejects the bill or a period of 6 months elapses without any action by that House, or the House that originally tabled the bill does not accept the recommendations made by the members of the other house, it results in a deadlock. This is resolved by a joint session of both Houses, presided over by the speaker of the Lok Sabha and decided by a simple majority. Though the Constitution has placed both houses on the same footing in this regard, in reality it is the Lok Sabha's opinions that mostly prevails—due to its bigger numerical strength.
Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing any Bill for Constitutional Amendment (by a majority of the total membership of the House and at least two-thirds majority of the members present and voting).
Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing a motion for the impeachment of the President (by two-thirds of the membership of the House).
Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in impeachment process (initiating and passing a motion for the removal) of the judges of the Supreme Court and the state High Courts (by a majority of the membership of the House and at least two-thirds majority of the members present and voting), who then can be removed by the President of India.
Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing a resolution declaring war or national emergency (by two-thirds majority) or constitutional emergency (by simple majority) in a state.
If the Lok Sabha is dissolved before or after the declaration of a National Emergency, the Rajya Sabha becomes the sole Parliament. It cannot be dissolved. This is a limitation on the Lok Sabha. But there is a possibility that president can exceed the term to not more than 1 year under the proclamation of emergency and the same would be lowered down to six-month if the said proclamation ceases to operate.
In conclusion, it is clear that the Lok Sabha is more powerful than the Rajya Sabha in almost all matters. Even in those matters in which the Constitution has placed both Houses on an equal footing, the Lok Sabha has more influence due to its greater numerical strength. This is typical of any Parliamentary democracy, with the lower House always being more powerful than the upper.
Procedure[edit]
Procedure in the House[edit]
The Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha and Directions issued by the Speaker from time to time there under regulate the procedure in Lok Sabha. The items of business, notice of which is received from the Ministers/ Private Members and admitted by the Speaker, are included in the daily List of Business which is printed and circulated to members in advance. For various items of business to be taken up in the House the time is allotted by the House on the recommendations of the Business Advisory Committee. The Speaker presides over the sessions of the House and regulates procedure.
Sessions and Time of Sittings[edit]
Three sessions of Lok Sabha take place in a year:
Budget session: February to May.
Monsoon session: July to September.
Winter session: November to mid December.
When in session, Lok Sabha holds its sittings usually from 11 A.M. to 1 P.M. and from 2 P.M. to 6 P.M. On some days the sittings are continuously held without observing lunch break and are also extended beyond 6 P.M. depending upon the business before the House. Lok Sabha does not ordinarily sit on Saturdays and Sundays and other closed holidays.
Question Hour/Zero Hour[edit]
The first hour of every sitting is called Question Hour. Asking questions in Parliament is the free and unfettered right of members, and during Question Hour they may ask questions of ministers on different aspects of administration and government policy in the national and international spheres. Every minister whose turn it is to answer to questions has to stand up and answer for his department's acts of omission or commission.
Questions are of three types—Starred, Unstarred and Short Notice. A Starred Question is one to which a member desires an oral answer in the House and which is distinguished by an asterisk mark. An unstarred Question is one which is not called for oral answer in the house and on which no supplementary questions can consequently be asked. An answer to such a question is given in writing. Minimum period of notice for starred/ unstarred question is 10 clear days. If the questions given notice of are admitted by the Speaker, they are listed and printed for answer on the dates allotted to the Ministries to which the subject matter of the question pertains.
The normal period of notice does not apply to short notice questions which relate to matters of urgent public importance. However, a Short Notice Question may be answered only on short notice if so permitted by the Speaker and the Minister concerned is prepared to answer it at shorter notice. A short notice question is taken up for answer immediately after the Question Hour, popularly known as Zero Hour.
Zero Hour: The time immediately following the Question Hour has come to be known as "Zero Hour". It starts at around 12 noon (hence the name) and members can, with prior notice to the Speaker, raise issues of importance during this time. Typically, discussions on important Bills, the Budget, and other issues of national importance take place from 2 pm onwards.
Business after Question Hour[edit]
After the Question Hour, the House takes up miscellaneous items of work before proceeding to the main business of the day. These may consist of one or more of the following: Adjournment Motions, Questions involving breaches of Privileges, Papers to be laid on the Table, Communication of any messages from Rajya Sabha, Intimations regarding President's assent to Bills, Calling Attention Notices, Matters under Rule 377, Presentation of Reports of Parliamentary Committee, Presentation of Petitions, miscellaneous statements by Ministers, Motions regarding elections to Committees, Bills to be withdrawn or introduced.
Main Business[edit]
The main business of the day may be consideration of a Bill or financial business or consideration of a resolution or a motion.
Legislative Business[edit]
Legislative proposals in the form of a Bill can be brought forward either by a Minister or by a private member. In the former case it is known as Government Bill and in the latter case it is known as a Private Members' Bill. Every Bill passes through three stages—called three readings—before it is passed. To become law it must be passed by both the Houses of Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, and then assented to by the president.
Financial Business[edit]
The presentation, discussion of, and voting on the annual General and Railways budgets—followed by the passing of the Appropriations Bill and the Finance Bill—is a long, drawn-out process that takes up a major part of the time of the House during its Budget Session every year.
Motions and Resolutions[edit]
Among other kinds of business that come up before the House are resolutions and motions. Resolutions and motions may be brought forward by Government or by private members. Government may move a resolution or a motion for obtaining the sanction to a scheme or opinion of the House on an important matter of policy or on a grave situation. Similarly, a private member may move a resolution or motion in order to draw the attention of the House and of the Government to a particular problem. The last two and half hours of sitting on every Friday are generally allotted for transaction of private members' business. While private members' bills are taken up on one Friday, private members' resolutions are taken up on the succeeding Friday, and so on.
Half-an-Hour Discussion[edit]
A Half-an-Hour Discussion can be raised on a matter of sufficient public importance which has been the subject of a recent question in Lok Sabha irrespective of the fact whether the question was answered orally or the answer was laid on the Table of the House and the answer which needs elucidation on a matter of fact. Normally not more than half an hour is allowed for such a discussion. Usually, half-an-hour discussion is listed on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays only. In one session, a member is allowed to raise not more than two half-an-hour discussions. During the discussion, the member, who has given notice, makes a short statement and not more than four members, who have intimated earlier and have secured one of the four places in the ballot, are permitted to ask a question each for further elucidating any matter of fact. Thereafter, the Minister concerned replies. There is no formal motion before the House nor voting.
Discussion on Matters of Urgent Public Importance[edit]
Members may raise discussions on matters of urgent public importance with the permission of the Speaker. Such discussions may take place on two days in a week. No formal motion is moved in the House nor is there any voting on such a discussion.
Debate in the House[edit]
After the member who initiates discussion on an item of business has spoken, other members can speak on that item of business in such order as the Speaker may call upon them. Only one member can speak at a time and all speeches are directed to the Chair. A matter requiring the decision of the House is decided by means of a question put by the Speaker on a motion made by a member.
Division[edit]
A division is one of the forms in which the decision of the House is ascertained. Normally, when a motion is put to the House members for and against it indicate their opinion by saying "Aye" or "No" from their seats. The Chair goes by the voices and declares that the motion is either accepted or rejected by the House. If a member challenges the decision, the Chair orders that the lobbies be cleared. Then the division bell is rung and an entire network of bells installed in the various parts and rooms in Parliament House and Parliament House Annexe rings continuously for three and a half minutes. Members and Ministers rush to the Chamber from all sides. After the bell stops, all the doors to the Chamber are closed and nobody can enter or leave the Chamber till the division is over. Then the Chair puts the question for second time and declares whether in its opinion the "Ayes" or the "Noes", have it. If the opinion so declared is again challenged, the Chair asks the votes to be recorded by operating the Automatic Vote Recording Equipment.
Automatic Vote Recording System[edit]
With the announcement of the Speaker for recording the votes, the Secretary- General presses the button of a key board. Then a gong sounds serving as a signal to members for casting their votes. For casting a vote each member present in the Chamber has to press a switch and then operate one of the three push buttons fixed in his seat. The push switch must be kept pressed simultaneously until the gong sounds for the second time after 10 seconds. There are two Indicator Boards installed in the wall on either side of the Speaker's Chair in the Chamber. Each vote cast by a member is flashed here. Immediately after the votes are cast, they are totalled mechanically and the details of the results are flashed on the Result Indicator Boards installed in the railings of the Speaker's and Diplomatic Galleries.
Divisions are normally held with the aid of the Automatic Vote Recording Equipment. Where so directed by the Speaker in terms of relevant provision in the Rules of Procedure etc. in Lok Sabha, Divisions may be held either by distribution of 'Aye'/'No' and 'Abstention' slips to members in the House or by the members recording their votes by going into the lobbies. There is an Indicator Board in the machine room showing the name of each member. The result of Division and vote cast by each member with the aid of Automatic Vote Recording Equipment appear on this Board also. Immediately a photograph of the Indicator Board is taken. Later the Photograph is enlarged and the names of members who voted 'Ayes' and for 'Noes' are determined with the help of the photograph and incorporated in Lok Sabha Debates.
Publication of Debates[edit]
Three versions of Lok Sabha Debates are prepared viz., the Hindi version, the English version and the Original version. Only the Hindi and English versions are printed. The Original version, in cyclostyled form, is kept in the Parliament Library for record and reference. The Hindi version all Questions asked and Answers given thereto in Hindi and the speeches made in Hindi as also verbatim Hindi translation of Questions and Answers and of speeches made in English or in regional languages. The English version contains Lok Sabha proceedings in English and the English translation of the proceedings which take place in Hindi or in any regional language. The Original version, however, contains proceedings in Hindi or in English as they actually take place in the House and also the English/Hindi translation of speeches made in regional languages.
If conflicting legislation is enacted by the two Houses, a joint sitting is held to resolve the differences. In such a session, the members of the Lok Sabha would generally prevail, since the Lok Sabha includes more than twice as many members as the Rajya Sabha.
Officers of Lok Sabha[edit]
Speaker and Deputy Speaker
As per Article 93 of Indian Constitution, the Lok Sabha has a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker. In the Lok Sabha, the lower House of the Indian Parliament, both presiding officers—the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker- are elected from among its members by a simple majority of members present and voting in the House. As such, no specific qualifications are prescribed for being elected the Speaker. The Constitution only requires that Speaker should be a member of the House. But an understanding of the Constitution and the laws of the country and the rules of procedure and conventions of Parliament is considered a major asset for the holder of the office of the Speaker. Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker is mentioned under Article 94 of the Constitution of India. As per Article 94 of Indian Constitution. A Speaker or a Deputy Speaker, should vacate his/her office, a) if he/she ceases to be a member of the House of the People, b) he/she resigns, c) removed from his office by a resolution of the House of the People passed by a majority.
The Speaker of Lok Sabha is at once a member of the House and also its Presiding Officer. The Speaker of the Lok Sabha conducts the business in the house. He/she decides whether a bill is a money bill or not. He/she maintains discipline and decorum in the house and can punish a member for their unruly behaviour by suspending them. He/she permits the moving of various kinds of motions and resolutions like the motion of no confidence, motion of adjournment, motion of censure and calling attention notice as per the rules. The Speaker decides on the agenda to be taken up for discussion during the meeting. It is the Speaker of the Lok Sabha who presides over joint sittings called in the event of disagreement between the two Houses on a legislative measure. Following the 52nd Constitution amendment, the Speaker is vested with the power relating to the disqualification of a member of the Lok Sabha on grounds of defection. The Speaker makes obituary references in the House, formal references to important national and international events and the valedictory address at the conclusion of every Session of the Lok Sabha and also when the term of the House expires. Though a member of the House, the Speaker does not vote in the House except on those rare occasions when there is a tie at the end of a decision. Till date, the Speaker of the Lok Sabha has not been called upon to exercise this unique casting vote. While the office of Speaker is vacant due to absence/resignation/removal, the duties of the office shall be performed by the Deputy Speaker or, if the office of Deputy Speaker is also vacant, by such member of the House of the People as the President may appoint for the purpose.
Shri G. V. Mavalankar was the first Speaker of Lok Sabha (15 May 1952- 27 February 1956) and Shri M. Ananthasayanam Ayyangar was the first Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha (30 May 1952 – 7 March 1956). In the 16th Lok Sabha, Sumitra Mahajan was elected as the speaker on 3 June 2014, and is its second woman speaker and Shri M. Thambidurai as the deputy speaker.
The Lok Sabha has also a separate non-elected Secretariat staff.[14]
Composition by states and territories[edit]
Main article: List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha
Subdivision
Type
No. of constituencies[15]
Andaman and Nicobar Islands Union Territory 1
Andhra Pradesh State 25
Arunachal Pradesh State 2
Assam State 14
Bihar State 40
Chandigarh Union Territory 1
Chhattisgarh State 11
Dadra and Nagar Haveli Union Territory 1
Daman and Diu Union Territory 1
National Capital Territory of Delhi Union Territory 7
Goa State 2
Gujarat State 26
Haryana State 10
Himachal Pradesh State 4
Jammu and Kashmir State 6
Jharkhand State 14
Karnataka State 28
Kerala State 20
Lakshadweep Union Territory 1
Madhya Pradesh State 29
Maharashtra State 48
Manipur State 2
Meghalaya State 2
Mizoram State 1
Nagaland State 1
Odisha State 21
Puducherry Union Territory 1
Punjab State 13
Rajasthan State 25
Sikkim State 1
Tamil Nadu State 39
Telangana State 17
Tripura State 2
Uttarakhand State 5
Uttar Pradesh State 80
West Bengal State 42
Lok Sabha general elections[edit]
Lok Sabha is constituted after the general election as follows:
Lok Sabha
General Election
1st Lok Sabha Indian general election, 1951–52
2nd Lok Sabha Indian general election, 1957
3rd Lok Sabha Indian general election, 1962
4th Lok Sabha Indian general election, 1967
5th Lok Sabha Indian general election, 1971
6th Lok Sabha Indian general election, 1977
7th Lok Sabha Indian general election, 1980
8th Lok Sabha Indian general election, 1984
9th Lok Sabha Indian general election, 1989
10th Lok Sabha Indian general election, 1991
11th Lok Sabha Indian general election, 1996
12th Lok Sabha Indian general election, 1998
13th Lok Sabha Indian general election, 1999
14th Lok Sabha Indian general election, 2004
15th Lok Sabha Indian general election, 2009
16th Lok Sabha Indian general election, 2014
Number of members by party in Lok Sabha[edit]
Main article: List of members of the 16th Lok Sabha
Currently elected members of 16th Lok Sabha by their political party (As of 11 October 2017):[16]
Alliance
Party
Seats
National Democratic Alliance
Seats: 335 Bharatiya Janata Party 275
Shiv Sena 18
Telugu Desam Party 16
Lok Janshakti Party 6
Shiromani Akali Dal 4
Rashtriya Lok Samta Party 3
Apna Dal 2
Janata Dal (United) 2
Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party 1
All India N.R. Congress 1
Naga People's Front 1
National Peoples Party 1
Pattali Makkal Katchi 1
Sikkim Democratic Front 1
Speaker of the House, BJP 1
Nominated Anglo-Indians, BJP 2
United Progressive Alliance
Seats: 49 Indian National Congress 45
Indian Union Muslim League 2
Kerala Congress (M) 1
Revolutionary Socialist Party 1
Janata Parivar
Seats: 6 Rashtriya Janata Dal 2
Indian National Lok Dal 2
Janata Dal (Secular) 2
Other Parties
Seats: 144 All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 37
All India Trinamool Congress 33
Biju Janata Dal 20
Telangana Rashtra Samithi 11
Communist Party of India (Marxist) 9
YSR Congress Party 9
Nationalist Congress Party 6
Samajwadi Party 5
Aam Aadmi Party 4
All India United Democratic Front 3
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha 2
All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen 1
Communist Party of India 1
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 1
Swabhimani Paksha 1
Jan Adhikar Party (Expelled RJD Member) 1
Independents 3
Vacant Seats Anantnag, Gurdaspur, Ajmer, Uluberia, Alwar, Araria, Phulpur and Gorakhpur constituencies. 8
Total 545
See also[edit]
List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha
Parliament of India
Rajya Sabha
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "No LoP post for Congress". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 27 August 2017. Retrieved 20 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "Lok Sabha". parliamentofindia.nic.in. Archived from the original on 9 August 2011. Retrieved 19 August 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Parliament of India: Lok Sabha". Archived from the original on 1 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Part V—The Union. Article 81. p. 39 Archived 24 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Part V—The Union. Article 83. p. 40 Archived 24 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "A decade from now, three states will contribute a third of Lok Sabha MPs". Archived from the original on 8 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Election Commission India Archived 5 January 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Welcome to LokSabha Website". Archived from the original on 16 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Indian Freedom Struggle (1857-1947) - Culture and Heritage - Know India: National Portal of India". Archived from the original on 22 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Part V—The Union. Article 79. p. 38 Archived 24 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Part V—The Union. Article 81. p. 41 Archived 24 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Part V—The Union. Article 81. pp. 46, 47 Archived 24 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Laxmikant polity
Jump up ^ "Lok Sabha". Lok Sabha. Archived from the original on 30 May 2013.
Jump up ^ "Lok Sabha Introduction". National Informatics Centre, Government of India. Archived from the original on 1 December 2008. Retrieved 22 September 2008.
Jump up ^ "Sixteenth Lok Sabha : All Members Party-wise List". Lok Sabha. Archived from the original on 28 November 2016.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lok Sabha.
Lok Sabha website
Description of Lok Sabha on website of Parliament of India
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Lok Sabha – Breton
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Lok Sabha – Indonesian
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Lok Sabha – Italian
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