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List of Pokémon: Adventures on the Orange Islands episodes
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Pokémon:
Adventures on
the Orange Islands
The front cover of the DVD collection box of English Pokémon: Adventures on the Orange Islands season, containing all 36 episodes of this season.
Country of origin
Japan
No. of episodes
36
Release
Original network
TV Tokyo
Original release
January 28 (1999-01-28) – October 7, 1999 (1999-10-07)
Season chronology
← Previous
Indigo League
Next →
The Johto Journeys
This is a list of episodes in Pokémon: Adventures on the Orange Islands, the second season of the Pokémon animated series (ポケットモンスター, Poketto Monsutā, Pocket Monsters), continuing the adventures of series protagonist Ash Ketchum as he travels to the Orange Islands with Misty, Pikachu, and Tracey.
The second season of Pokémon overall aired in Japan from January 1999 to October 1999 on TV Tokyo and in the United States from December 1999 to October 2000 on The WB Television Network. Around the time the September 11 attacks have occurred, an episode titled "A Scare in the Air" was temporarily removed out of rotation on U.S. television.
The Japanese opening song is "The Rivals" by Rica Matsumoto. The ending songs are "Type: Wild" by Rica Matsumoto, "Pokémon Ondo" by Sachiko Kobayashi, Koffing, and Ekans for one episode, and "Riding on Lapras" by Mayumi lizuka. The English opening song is "Pokémon World" by Russell Velazquez.
Contents
1 Overview
2 Episodes
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Overview[edit]
The division between series of Pokémon is based on the English version openings of each episode, and may not reflect the actual production season. The English episode numbers are based on their first airing in the United States either in syndication, Kids' WB, or on Cartoon Network. (Other English-speaking nations largely followed either this order or the Japanese order). Subsequent airings of the English version follow the original Japanese order, except in the case of episodes which are no longer shown in English. The episodes that make up this portion of the series in Japan were subtitled Orange Islands Chapter (オレンジ諸島編, Orenji Shotō Hen).
This series aired first-run episodes in Japan from February 4, 1999, to October 7, 1999. In the United States, it aired from December 4, 1999, to October 14, 2000. In 2007, starting from the episode The Pokémon Water War, Pokémon started airing on Toonami Jetstream (incorrectly counted as Pokémon: The Johto Journeys episodes; however, they are technically part of season 3). In this season, Ash captures a Lapras and a Snorlax. The Lapras is then released. "Pikachu's Special toy" made its return for this season.
In the United States, the season was released on three DVDs in 2002 and 2003 by Viz Video and Pioneer,[1][2][3] and Viz Media released a box set containing all three DVDs in 2008.[4] Viz Media released Pokémon: Adventures in the Orange Islands – The Complete Collection on DVD in the United States on October 11, 2016.[5]
Episodes[edit]
EP#
English title
Japanese title
Air date
J#
E#
Japan
United States
83
81 "Pallet Party Panic" (Masara Town! Setting off on a New Journey)
"Masara Taun! Aratanaru Tabidachi!" (マサラタウン! あらたなるたびだち!) January 28, 1999 December 4, 1999
Ash celebrates making it to the Kanto League back at Pallet Town. However, Team Rocket steal Pikachu and try to ruin the party, but they're defeated by Charizard. Later on, Professor Oak asks Ash to go to Valencia Island to bring the mysterious Pokéball (GS Ball) from Professor Ivy. Ash prepares for his journey to Valencia Island, they are attacked by a group of Spearow and a very angry Fearow. Ash realizes that the Spearow Ash threw a rock at in "Pokémon, I Choose You!" is that Fearow, and soon carries Ash and Pikachu away. Then later, Ash's Pidgeotto evolves into Pidgeot, and is released to protect wild Pidgey and Pidgeotto. Ash says it only should stay there until he comes back from Valencia Island.
84
82 "A Scare in the Air" (The Airship Hardship!?)
"Hikōsen wa Fukōsen!?" (ひこうせんはふこうせん!?) February 4, 1999 January 8, 2000
Heading to the Valencia Island, Ash takes part in a lottery and wins a quick way there, a blimp ride... however the Blimp turns out to be controlled by Team Rocket. To make things worse, the old blimp may be haunted.
85
83 "Pokéball Peril" (Southern Pokémon and the GS Ball)
"Nangoku Pokemon to GS Bōru" (なんごくポケモンとGSボール) February 11, 1999 January 15, 2000
Ash and his friends are on Valencia Island searching for Professor Ivy, so they can receive a mysterious Pokéball called the GS Ball. They find Professor Ivy's Pokémon Laboratory where the professor shows them the GS Ball. As the ball cannot not be opened or transported, Brock and his friends are tasked with returning the GS ball to Professor Oak for examination. Brock decides to stay on the island with Professor Ivy so that he can learn about Pokémon. Ash and Misty leave without Brock and board a dirigible (airship) but encounter Team Rocket. Team Rocket calls Ash and Misty "a pair of lovebirds". In the end, Jigglypuff suddenly appears and sings. Team Rocket and Jigglypuff exit the blimp while the blimp crash lands on Tangelo Island.
86
84 "The Lost Lapras" (Save Laplace!)
"Rapurasu o Tasukero!" (ラプラスをたすけろ!) February 18, 1999 January 22, 2000
While exploring the island they crash-landed on, Ash and Misty discover a group of teenagers bullying a Lapras. Despite the bullies being driven away, the Lapras which is only a baby is refusing to let any humans near it and the pressure increases when Team Rocket arrive, intending to steal the Lapras, forcing Ash, Misty and their new friend, Tracey Sketchit to give chase and save the Lapras before it's too late.
87
85 "Fit to Be Tide" (Orange League! Natsukan Gym!)
"Orenji Rīgu! Natsukan Jimu!" (オレンジリーグ! ナツカンジム!) February 25, 1999 February 5, 2000
Having caught Lapras, Ash along with Misty and Tracey have embarked on a journey of exploring the Orange Islands as Ash plans to enter the Orange League. The group's first stop is Mikan Island where Ash finds the first Orange League Gym and discovers that the Orange League Gym structure is a lot different than the one he's used to seeing in his native Kanto.
88
86 "Pikachu Re-Volts" (The Mystery of the Missing Pokémon!)
"Kieta Pokemon-tachi no Nazo!" (きえたポケモンたちのナゾ!) March 4, 1999 February 5, 2000
Butch and Cassidy attempt to control Pokémon with a large antenna sending out signals from Drowzee. Ash's Pikachu, Misty's Togepi, and all of Jessie and James' Pokémon turn against their masters because of the effects. They're going to have to team up to save their Pokémon. Togepi also learns Metronome from Drowzee.
89
87 "The Crystal Onix" (The Crystal Iwark)
"Kurisutaru no Iwāku" (クリスタルのイワーク) March 11, 1999 February 5, 2000
Arriving on Sunburst Island, Ash and his friends are asked if they know anything about an Onix that is made out of Crystal. Curious, they help the girl and her brother to find the Crystal Onix and to capture it.
90
88 "In the Pink" (The Island of Pink Pokémon)
"Pinku no Pokemon-jima" (ピンクのポケモンじま) March 18, 1999 February 12, 2000
After getting caught in some whirlpools, Ash and his friends get washed up on Pinkan Island, a special Pokémon Reserve which contains Pokémon that are only of the color, pink. However, Team Rocket also get washed up on this island and start causing problems.
91
89 "Shell Shock" (The Secret of the Kabuto Fossils!)
"Kabuto no Kaseki no Himitsu!" (カブトのかせきのひみつ!) March 25, 1999 March 4, 2000
After following some boats to an island, Ash and his friends discover an excavation, the whole island is made of fossilized Kabuto, however according to the legend, the Kabuto are said to awaken and unleash destruction on the island.
92
90 "Stage Fight" (Dance! Pokémon Showboat!)
"Odoru! Pokémon Shōbōto!" (おどる! ポケモンショーボート!) April 1, 1999 February 12, 2000
After arriving on another island, Ash and his friends discover a showboat which has many talking Pokémon on it. Finding out they do performances, Ash and the gang decides to sit and watch it, but Team Rocket arrives to steal the rare talking Pokémon.
93
91 "Bye Bye Psyduck" (Goodbye Koduck! Come Back Golduck?)
"Sayonara Kodakku! Mata Kite Gorudakku?" (さよならコダック! またきてゴルダック?) April 8, 1999 February 26, 2000
After stopping on another island to rest, Misty notices her Psyduck's tail is glowing, a nearby trainer says it may mean it is time for it to evolve. So Misty challenges her to battle and when she finds she has a Golduck, she easily beats the trainer. However, Team Rocket has other plans. Later, Golduck turns out to be a wild Pokémon as Misty's Psyduck had only slept in its Pokéball.
94
92 "The Joy of Pokémon" (Sailing Joy! Cross the Raging Waves!)
"Seiringu Jōi! Aranami o Koete!" (セイリングジョーイ! あらなみをこえて!) April 15, 1999 March 4, 2000
While riding Ash's Lapras to the next island, Ash and the gang come across a tanned Nurse Joy who insists on healing wild Water Pokémon on the island. Ash, Misty and Tracey decide to help out, but when Team Rocket arrives to stop them, a giant Magikarp arrives.
95
93 "Navel Maneuvers" (Navel Gym! Snowy Mountain Battle!)
"Nēburu Jimu! Yuki Yama no Tatakai!" (ネーブルジム! ゆきやまのたたかい!) April 22, 1999 March 11, 2000
The group arrive on Navel Island where Ash finds himself up against the Gym Leader, Danny as Ash competes for his second Orange League badge. Misty attempts to tempt Ash by showing a more caring attitude to Danny. Ash once again gets jealous and sad.
96
94 "Snack Attack" (Gluttonous Kabigon! Huge Panic!)
"Ōgui Kabigon! Dai Panikku!" (おおぐいカビゴン! だいパニック!) April 29, 1999 March 25, 2000
Arriving on the Grapefruit Islands, Ash discovers that there is a Snorlax going from island to island and Snorlax was responsible for eating all the grapefruits. Ash is employed to help stop the greedy Snorlax, but the Snorlax proves to be slippery. Later on, with the help of Jigglypuff, Ash captures the Snorlax.
97
95 "A Shipful of Shivers" (Ghost Ship and Ghost Pokémon!)
"Yūreisen to Yūrei Pokemon!" (ゆうれいせんとゆうれいポケモン!) May 6, 1999 March 25, 2000
Arriving on Moro Island, Ash and his friends hear about a long lost Orange League Trophy being found on a sunken ship, but when Team Rocket steals it, Ash and the gang follow them to a ghost ship inhabited by Gastly and Haunter.
98
96 "Meowth Rules!" (Lord Nyarth's Island!?)
"O Nyāsu-sama no Shima!?" (おニャースさまのしま!?) May 13, 1999 March 25, 2000
Meowth finds himself on an island where the inhabitants believe him to be a "Meowth God".
99
97 "Tracey Gets Bugged" (The Strike Soldier's Pride)
"Sutoraiku Senshi no Hokori" (ストライクせんしのほこり) May 20, 1999 April 1, 2000
Arriving on Murcott Island, Ash and his friends discover a wounded Scyther. After capturing it, Tracey must take it to a Pokémon Center. While there, he discovers the Scyther got dethroned from being in charge of his group.
100
98 "A Way Off Day Off" (It's a Southern Island! Everyone Assemble!)
"Minami no Shima da yo! Zen'in Shūgō!" (みなみのしまだよ! ぜんいんしゅうごう!) May 27, 1999 April 8, 2000
Deciding to take a break on a nearby island, Ash, his friends, and all their Pokémon just use the time to relax and get better acquainted. However, Team Rocket has other plans for the Pokémon and intend to steal them.
101
99 "The Mandarin Island Miss Match" (Elite Four Canna! Ice Battle!!)
"Shitennō Kanna! Kōri no Tatakai!!" (してんのうカンナ! こおりのたたかい!!) June 3, 1999 April 15, 2000
The group descend on Mandarin Island where Ash's arrogance emerges due to the fact that he's won every single battle he's had since arriving on the island but upon meeting Prima, a member of the Elite Four, and challenging her to a battle, Ash starts to realize that he may have made a grave mistake.
102
100 "Wherefore Art Thou, Pokémon?" (Nidoran's Love Story)
"Nidoran no Koimonogatari" (ニドランのこいものがたり) June 10, 1999 April 22, 2000
Still on Mandarin Island, Ash and his friends go through Victorian Town where they find two Nidoran who are in love with each other but any possible hint of a relationship is being derailed by the trainers who happen to be childhood rivals.
103
101 "Get Along, Little Pokémon" (Coil on the Prairie!)
"Daiheigen no Koiru-tachi!" (だいへいげんのコイルたち!) June 17, 1999 April 29, 2000
Ash and his friends discover a man who has troops of Magnemite and has to take them to a town on the island in order to give it power. However, he gets injured, so it is up to Ash to herd up the Magnemite and get them to the town.
104
102 "The Mystery Menace" (Monster in the Sewers!?)
"Chikadō no Kaibutsu!?" (ちかどうのかいぶつ!?) June 24, 1999 May 6, 2000
Heading to the other end of Mandarin Island and the city of Trovitopolis, Ash and his friends discover there's a monster in the sewer that is causing lots of problems in the town. When the Mayor wants to blow it up, Nurse Joy protests and asks Ash and company to help.
105
103 "Misty Meets Her Match" (Yuzu Gym! Type Battle 3 vs. 3!!)
"Yuzu Jimu! Taipu Batoru San Tai San!!" (ユズジム! タイプバトル3VS3!!) July 1, 1999 September 9, 2000
Ash arrives on Trovita Island prepared to battle for his third Orange League Gym Badge. However, much to Ash's dismay, the Gym Leader, Rudy, has more than just battling on his mind, Rudy develops a crush on Misty, and Ash gets jealous once again. Rudy moves in to court Misty after she helps rescue his younger sister, Mahri. While Ash battles for the Spike Shell Badge, Misty considers the tempting offer to stay on the island with Rudy and Mahri forever. Later, Rudy understands that Misty wants to go with Ash. In the end, Rudy compliments that Ash is lucky before they say their goodbyes.
106
104 "Bound for Trouble" (Pikachu vs. Nyarth!?)
"Pikachū Tai Nyāsu!?" (ピカチュウVSニャース!?) July 15, 1999 September 15, 2000
After getting his 3rd Orange League Badge, Ash and his friends arrive on an island, where Pikachu is soon captured by Team Rocket and is chained to Meowth. But soon after Pikachu and Meowth are taken away by a giant Pidgeot, the trapped rivals eventually learn how to get along.
107
105 "Charizard Chills" (Lizardon! I Choose You!!)
"Rizādon! Kimi ni Kimeta!!" (リザードン! きみにきめた!!) July 22, 1999 September 2, 2000
Ash, Tracey and Misty are sailing along on Lapras when they almost crash into another Pokémon trainer wanting to battle Ash. This trainer heard about Ash from the Trovita Island gym leader and wants to put his Pokémon up against Ash’s. When the new trainer uses a super-powerful Poliwrath on Charizard, it’s more than anyone expects. After Charizard gets frozen in a battle, Ash tries to defrost him. Charizard, still distrusting of Ash, doesn't want his help, but Ash keeps trying. Charizard finally decides to obey and respect Ash as not only his trainer but also his friend, and the two become closer than ever! Ash is able to give a stunning defeat to the Poliwrath that froze Charizard earlier.
108
106 "The Pokémon Water War" (Firefighting Showdown! Zenigame vs. Kameil)
"Hikeshi Taiketsu! Zenigame Tai Kamēru" (ひけしたいけつ! ゼニガメVSカメール) July 29, 1999 August 26, 2000
On the next island, Ash and his friends see a team of firefighters consisting of Squirtle, Wartortle, and Blastoise. Eager to test its skills, Ash's Squirtle get to train with them. But when an actual fire turns up, training has to become reality.
109
107 "Pokémon Food Fight" (Burn! Kabigon!!)
"Moe yo! Kabigon!!" (もえよ! カビゴン!!) August 5, 1999 August 19, 2000
While in a battle, Ash accidentally breaks Snorlax's Pokéball. With the Pokémon Center on the other side of the island, Ash and his friends have to get Snorlax there. And to make matters worse, Team Rocket arrive and are hoarding the island's food ransom until they get Pikachu.
110
108 "Pokémon Double Trouble" (Tag Battle! The Last Gym!!)
"Taggu Batoru! Saigo no Jimu!!" (タッグバトル! さいごのジム!!) August 12, 1999 September 9, 2000
On Kumquat Island, Ash discovers Luana, the final Orange Island Gym Leader, who mistakes him for her son. After defending the island from Team Rocket, they head to the Gym to have a Double Battle where Pikachu and Charizard battle against Marowak and Alakazam but Pikachu's and Charizard's unwillingness to work together might end up costing Ash his chance of qualifying for the Orange League.
111
109 "The Wacky Watcher" (Koiking! The Secret of Evolution!!)
"Koikingu! Shinka no Himitsu!!" (コイキング! しんかのひみつ!!) August 19, 1999 September 16, 2000
On Rind Island, Tracey meets Dr. Quackenpoker, a noted Pokémon Watcher who is doing a study on the Magikarp that climb up waterfalls and how they evolve into Gyarados. However, Team Rocket appears to steal the Magikarp and get them to evolve.
112
110 "The Stun Spore Detour" (Nyoromo and Kasumi)
"Nyoromo to Kasumi" (ニョロモとカスミ) August 26, 1999 September 16, 2000
On a tiny island, Ash and Tracey get affected by Stun Spore leaving it up to Misty to get an antidote to heal them. Can Misty find it with the help of her new Poliwag?
113
111 "Hello Pummelo" (Winners' Cup! Full Battle 6 vs. 6!!)
"Wināzu Kappu! Furu Batoru Roku Tai Roku!!" (ウィナーズカップ! フルバトル6VS6!!) September 2, 1999 September 23, 2000
Having arrived on Pummelo Island, Ash finally gets the chance to battle the Orange League leader and Champion, Drake in a full six-on-six Pokémon battle, only to discover that the battle may prove to be the toughest one he's ever had.
114
112 "Enter the Dragonite" (Final Battle! Kairyu Appears!!)
"Fainaru Batoru! Kairyū Tōjō!!" (ファイナルバトル! カイリューとうじょう!!) September 9, 1999 September 23, 2000
Ash continues his fight against Drake in hopes of becoming the Orange League Champion and earning a place in the Orange League Hall of Fame but things hit a snag when Drake brings out his final Pokémon—the legendary Dragonite whose overwhelming strength and powerful attacks are a force to be reckoned—causing Ash to realize that his dream of becoming Orange League Champion may not become a reality after all.
115
113 "Viva Las Lapras" (Goodbye Laplace!)
"Sayonara Rapurasu!" (さよならラプラス!) September 16, 1999 September 30, 2000
Having been crowned the Orange League Champion after winning his battle against Drake, Ash and the team are heading back to Pallet Town in Kanto, but their plans get derailed when Lapras finally discovers its family, only for everyone to realize that Lapras's pack want nothing to do with Ash's Lapras now that it has gotten involved with humans. Ash, Misty and Tracey soon learn that a group of pirates and their Tentacruel are attacking Lapras's group and when the bullying starts up again, with Tracey having gone to alert Officer Jenny, Ash and Misty decide to get into the fight, vowing to stop the pirates once for all.
116
114 "The Underground Round-Up" (Big Marumine Explosion!?)
"Marumain Dai Bakuha!?" (マルマインだいばくは!?) September 23, 1999 September 30, 2000
Having to travel by boat, Ash and his friends arrive on Hamlin Island, their final stop before returning to Kanto to discover that the town is being attacked by hundreds of Electrode. A man named Poncho is trying to stop them with his group of Diglett.
117
115 "A Tent Situation" (Return to Masara Town!)
"Kaettekita Masara Taun!" (かえってきたマサラタウン!) September 30, 1999 October 7, 2000
They’re back in Pallet Town. When they get home, they discover that Brock is back and he won’t explain why he left Valencia Island. However, as usual, Team Rocket try to steal all of the Pokémon in Professor Oak’s lab by vacuuming all the Pokéballs, including the GS Ball that Professor Oak was working on. Can they get it back?
118
116 "The Rivalry Revival" (Rival Showdown! Satoshi vs. Shigeru!!)
"Raibaru Taiketsu! Satoshi Tai Shigeru!!" (ライバルたいけつ! サトシVSシゲル!!) October 7, 1999 October 14, 2000
After Gary saves the day against Team Rocket, Ash decides to challenge him where Pikachu is against Eevee. However, Gary wins the battle. Ash is depressed, but goes to follow Gary to Johto in order to beat him once and for all. Tracey decides to stay in Pallet Town, so he can be Professor Oak's assistant. In the end, Brock rejoins the group and they head off to Johto.
See also[edit]
Pokémon episodes removed from rotation
References[edit]
Jump up ^ https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00005QAQC
Jump up ^ https://www.amazon.comdp/B0000ADXDM
Jump up ^ https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0000C52HI
Jump up ^ https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0014Z4OOS
Jump up ^ "Pokemon — Adventures on the Orange Islands Box Set". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2012-05-05.
External links[edit]
Pokémon US official website
Pokémon anime website at TV Tokyo (in Japanese)
Pokémon TV Anime at Pokémon JP official website (in Japanese)
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Bodak Yellow
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Bodak Yellow"
Single by Cardi B
Released
June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
Format
Digital download
streaming
Recorded
2017
Studio
Krematorium Studio
(Elmont, New York)
Fight Klub Studios
(New York, New York)
Genre
Hip hop[1]
trap[2]
Length
3:36
Label
Atlantic
Songwriter(s)
Belcalis Almanzar
Dieuson Octave
Klenord Raphael
Jordan Thorpe
Anthony White
Producer(s)
J. White
Klenard Raphael
Cardi B singles chronology
"Bronx Season"
(2016) "Bodak Yellow"
(2017) "No Limit"
(2017)
"Bronx Season"
(2016) "Bodak Yellow"
(2017) "No Limit"
(2017)
Music video
"Bodak Yellow" on YouTube
"Bodak Yellow" (alternatively titled "Bodak Yellow (Money Moves)")[3] is a song written and recorded by American rapper Cardi B. It was released on June 16, 2017 by Atlantic Records as her debut single on a major record label.[4] The song samples American rapper Kodak Black’s song “No Flockin”.[5][6][7] It has topped the US Billboard Hot 100 chart for three consecutive weeks, making Cardi B the fifth female rapper to ever lead the chart, and the second-ever to do so with a solo output after Lauryn Hill's "Doo Wop (That Thing)" in 1998.[8][9]
The song won Single of the Year at the 2017 BET Hip Hop Awards.[10] It is nominated for Best Rap Performance and Best Rap Song at the 60th Grammy Awards.[11]
Contents
[hide]
1 Critical reception
2 Music video
3 Chart performance
4 Live performances
5 Remixes
6 In other media
7 Track listing
8 Credits and personnel
9 Charts
9.1 Weekly charts
9.2 Year-end charts
10 Certifications
11 Release history
12 See also
13 References
14 External links
Critical reception[edit]
Complex's writers called the song "a great, extraordinarily catchy record. The hook, the beat, her lyrics: it all works. Cardi sounds so sure of herself, it's difficult not to believe and rap along with every word. Her shit feels like early Lil' Kim, the way the fellas react to her bars. That beat drops and people go nuts."[12] When commenting on the song, Tom Breihan of Stereogum wrote "On 'Bodak Yellow,' Cardi uses [her] voice to fill up the synthy, minimal beat, using all the track's open space to project personality everywhere. It's a big, loud, brash, noisy song, and it's perfect."[13] USA Today wrote "The track’s name is a reference to the Florida rapper Kodak Black, borrowing the distinctive cadences he used on his minor hit 'No Flockin'. But 'Bodak Yellow' is no ripoff, and unlike so many other social media celebrities whose musical endeavors came and went, Cardi is a natural."[14]
The Washington Post editor Chris Richards ranked it as the best song of 2017, stating that the song did not need a hook because "every phrase she blurts has its own ticklish melody, its own whiplash rhythm."[15] Pitchfork also considered it the best of the year,[16] Billboard considered it the second-best,[17] Rolling Stone staff the fourth-best,[18] and Entertainment Weekly the eighth.[19]
Music video[edit]
The song's music video, directed by Picture Perfect, was released on June 24, 2017. The video features scenes with Cardi B in Dubai, riding camels through the desert. As of January 5, 2018, the video had been viewed over 400 million times on YouTube.[20]
Chart performance[edit]
"Bodak Yellow" debuted at number 85 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart during the week of July 22, 2017.[21] During its fifth week on the chart, it jumped to number 14, becoming Cardi B's first top 20 entry in the United States.[22] It later reached number two, behind American pop singer Taylor Swift's song "Look What You Made Me Do" on the issue dated September 23, 2017, before climbing to the top of the chart two weeks later.[23] "Bodak Yellow" topped the Hot 100 for three consecutive weeks, making it the second solo hip-hop number-one single by a female artist in the chart's history, after American rapper Lauryn Hill's "Doo Wop (That Thing)" in 1998.[24] In its 26th week on chart, the song re-entered the top 10 joining her other singles MotorSport and No Limit, making Cardi B the third act, following The Beatles and Ashanti to place their first three chart entries in the top 10 simultaneously. [25]
Live performances[edit]
On June 25, 2017, Cardi B performed the song at the 2017 BET Awards afterparty show.[26][27] On July 18, she performed "Bodak Yellow" on The Wendy Williams Show.[28][29] On August 7, she performed the song at OVO Fest, an annual music festival in Toronto hosted by Canadian rapper Drake.[30] Cardi B performed "Bodak Yellow" during the pre-show for the 2017 MTV Video Music Awards on August 27, 2017.[31] Cardi B went on to perform the song at the twelfth annual BET Hip Hop Awards.[32][33]
Remixes[edit]
A remixed version of "Bodak Yellow", dubbed the "Latin Trap Remix", was officially released on August 18, 2017.[34] The song features Cardi B rapping in the Spanish language and includes Dominican hip hop recording artist Messiah contributing a guest verse.[35][36] A second official remix was released on September 18, 2017, featuring vocals from Florida-based rapper Kodak Black.[37][38] Jamaican dancehall artist Spice also released a remixed version of the song entitled "Bodak Bitch".[39]
In other media[edit]
The song has been featured in the television shows Insecure, Star and Queen Sugar.
Track listing[edit]
Digital download[40]
"Bodak Yellow" – 3:43
Digital download[41]
"Bodak Yellow" (featuring Kodak Black) – 2:33
Digital download[42]
"Bodak Yellow" (Latin Trap Mix) (featuring Messiah) – 3:42
Credits and personnel[edit]
Recording
Recorded at Krematorium Studio (Elmont, New York)
Mixed and Mastered at Fight Klub Studios (New York, New York)
Personnel
Songwriting credits adapted from AllMusic.[43]
Belcalis Almanzar – vocals, songwriter
Jermaine White – producer
Michael Ashby – recording
Evan LaRay – mixing, mastering
Dieuson Octave – songwriter
Klenord Raphael – songwriter
Jordan Thorpe – songwriter
Anthony White – songwriter
Charts[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (2017)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[44]
33
Belgium (Ultratip Flanders)[45]
14
Belgium (Ultratip Wallonia)[46]
27
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[47]
6
Czech Republic (Singles Digitál Top 100)[48]
63
France (SNEP)[49]
70
Ireland (IRMA)[50]
51
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[51]
81
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[52]
24
Philippines (Philippine Hot 100)[53]
59
Portugal (AFP)[54]
47
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[55]
51
Slovakia (Singles Digitál Top 100)[56]
47
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[57]
71
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[58]
74
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[59]
24
UK R&B (Official Charts Company)[60]
11
US Billboard Hot 100[61]
1
US Dance Club Songs (Billboard)[62]
28
US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)[63]
1
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[64]
23
US Rhythmic (Billboard)[65]
1
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (2017)
Position
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[66]
55
US Billboard Hot 100[67]
24
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[68]
Gold 35,000^
Canada (Music Canada)[69]
2× Platinum 160,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)[70]
Gold 15,000*
United Kingdom (BPI)[71]
Silver 200,000
United States (RIAA)[72]
3× Platinum 3,000,000
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
sales+streaming figures based on certification alone
Release history[edit]
List of release dates, showing region, format, and label
Country
Date
Format
Label
Ref.
United States
June 16, 2017 Digital download Atlantic [73]
August 1, 2017 Urban contemporary [74]
See also[edit]
List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 2017
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Zellner, Xander (October 17, 2017). "'Rockstar' Becomes Fifth Rap Hot 100 No. 1 of 2017, Tying Single-Year Record". Billboard. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ungerman, Alex (September 25, 2017). "Cardi B Cries Tears of Joy After Knocking Taylor Swift Off the Top of the Charts -- Watch!". Entertainment Tonight. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ ) Trust, Gary (September 25, 2017). "Cardi B 'Moves' to No. 1 on Billboard Hot 100 With 'Bodak Yellow,' Post Malone Debuts at No. 2 With 'Rockstar'". Billboard. Retrieved September 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Dandridge-Lemco, Ben (June 22, 2017). "Cardi B Officially Signed a Deal With Atlantic Records". The Fader. Retrieved July 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Cardi B Pays Homage To Kodak Black On "Bodak Yellow"". vibe.com. June 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Genius (July 20, 2017). "How Kodak Black Influenced Cardi B's "Bodak Yellow" – Genius News" – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ Dandridge-Lemco, Ben (June 19, 2017). "Cardi B Shares New Track "Bodak Yellow (Money Moves)"". The Fader. Retrieved July 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Trust, Gary (September 25, 2017). "Cardi B 'Moves' to No. 1 on Billboard Hot 100 With 'Bodak Yellow,' Post Malone Debuts at No. 2 With 'Rockstar'". Billboard. Retrieved September 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Trust, Gary. "J Balvin, Willy William & Beyoncé Blast to No. 3 on Billboard Hot 100 With 'Mi Gente', Cardi B No. 1 for Third Week". Billboard. Billboard-Hollywood Reporter Media Group. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ www.xxlmag.com/news/2017/10/cardi-b-bodak-yellow-2017-bet-hip-hop-awards/
Jump up ^ Grammy Nominations 2018, November 28, 2017
Jump up ^ "Don't Sleep on Cardi B's "Bodak Yellow"". Complex.
Jump up ^ "Cardi B Is A Great Rapper, And You Need To Start Taking Her Seriously". Stereogum. July 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Why Cardi B is the breakout star of summer 2017". usatoday.com.
Jump up ^ Richards, Chris (December 6, 2017). "Best music of 2017: Cardi B paints the world 'Bodak Yellow'". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The 100 Best Songs of 2017". Pitchfork. December 10, 2017. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Billboard's 100 Best Songs of 2017: Critics' Picks". Billboard. Retrieved December 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "50 Best Songs of 2017". Rolling Stone. November 29, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The 30 best songs of 2017". Entertainment Weekly. December 13, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Watch Cardi B's New Video for "Bodak Yellow"". XXL. June 25, 2017. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Cardi B's New York Anthem "Bodak Yellow" Is Quickly Taking Over The Rest Of The Country". The FADER.
Jump up ^ Kyles, Yohance (August 8, 2017). "Cardi B Earns First Top 20 Hit On The Hot 100 Chart With "Bodak Yellow"". Exclusive Hip Hop News, Interviews, Rumors, Rap & Music Videos – Allhiphop.
Jump up ^ Trust, Gary (September 11, 2017). "Taylor Swift at Nos. 1 & 4 on Billboard Hot 100, as Cardi B Moves Up to No. 2". Billboard. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ Trust, Gary (October 16, 2017). "Post Malone & 21 Savage Earn First Hot 100 No. 1 With 'Rockstar'". Billboard. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ Trust, Gary (January 2, 2017). "Cardi B Joins The Beatles & Ashanti With First 3 Hot 100 Hits in Top 10 Simultaneously; Ed Sheeran & Beyonce's 'Perfect' No. 1". Billboard. Retrieved January 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Cardi B Runs Through A Medley Of Songs At BET Awards After-Party (VIDEO)". Allhiphop.com. Retrieved July 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ Williams, Aaron. "Cardi B's BET Afterparty Performance Proves She Was Robbed At The Show". Uproxx.com. Retrieved July 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Cardi B Performs 'Bodak Yellow' on 'The Wendy Williams Show' – XXL". XXL Mag.
Jump up ^ "Cardi B Brings "Bodak Yellow" To "The Wendy Williams Show"". hotnewhiphop.com.
Jump up ^ "Here's Everything That Happened At Drake's 8th Annual OVO Fest". The FADER.
Jump up ^ "Cardi B & Khalid to Perform at 2017 MTV Video Music Awards Pre-Show". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Watch Cardi B Perform "Bodak Yellow" at the BET Hip-Hop Awards". October 25, 2017. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "BET Hip-Hop Awards 2017: Watch Cardi B Perform "Bodak Yellow" - Pitchfork". pitchfork.com. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Bodak Yellow (feat. Messiah) [Latin Trap Remix] - Single by Cardi B on Apple Music". apple.com. August 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Cardi B Drops Spanish Remix of 'Bodak Yellow' With Messiah - XXL". XXL Mag.
Jump up ^ "Cardi B Premieres "Bodak Yellow" Spanish Remix With Messiah". vibe.com. August 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Kodak Black Jumps On The Remix To Cardi B's "Bodak Yellow"". hotnewhiphop.com.
Jump up ^ ""Bodak Yellow (feat. Kodak Black) - Single" by Cardi B on iTunes". apple.com. September 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Instagram post by Grace Hamilton • Sep 26, 2017 at 5:58pm UTC". Instagram. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "iTunes - Music - Bodak Yellow - Single by Cardi B". iTunes Store.
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Jump up ^ "Bodak Yellow - Cardi B | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved September 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "ARIA Australian Top 50 Singles". Australian Recording Industry Association. November 13, 2017. Retrieved November 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Cardi B – Bodak Yellow" (in Dutch). Ultratip. Retrieved September 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Cardi B – Bodak Yellow" (in French). Ultratip. Retrieved December 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Cardi B Chart History (Canadian Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "ČNS IFPI" (in Czech). Hitparáda – Digital Top 100 Oficiální. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 201739 into search. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Le Top de la semaine : Top Singles Téléchargés – SNEP (Week 40, 2017)" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "IRMA – Irish Charts". Irish Recorded Music Association. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Cardi B – Bodak Yellow" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
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Jump up ^ "Portuguesecharts.com – Cardi B – Bodak Yellow". AFP Top 100 Singles. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
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Jump up ^ "SNS IFPI" (in Slovak). Hitparáda – Singles Digital Top 100 Oficiálna. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 201740 into search. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
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Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Cardi B – Bodak Yellow". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
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Jump up ^ "New Zealand single certifications – Cardi B – Bodak Yellow". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "British single certifications – Cardi B – Bodak Yellow". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved December 8, 2017. Enter Bodak Yellow in the search field and then press Enter.
Jump up ^ "American single certifications – Cardi B – Bodak Yellow". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved December 6, 2017. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
Jump up ^ "Bodak Yellow – Single by Cardi B on Apple Music". United States: iTunes Store. June 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Urban/UAC > Future Releases". All Access Music Group. Retrieved July 26, 2017.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[show]
v
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Discography
Awards and nominations
Mixtapes
Gangsta Bitch Music, Vol. 1
Gangsta Bitch Music, Vol. 2
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"Bodak Yellow"
"MotorSport"
"Bartier Cardi"
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"No Limit"
"La Modelo"
"Finesse (Remix)"
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Pitchfork's Track of the Year
2003
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2004
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2005
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2007
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2008
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2009
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2010
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2011
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2012
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2013
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2014
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2015
Kendrick Lamar – "Alright"
2016
Kanye West featuring The-Dream, Chance the Rapper, Kelly Price and Kirk Franklin – "Ultralight Beam"
2017
Cardi B – "Bodak Yellow"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bodak_Yellow&oldid=819199641"
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Deccan Plateau
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"Deccan" redirects here. For other uses, see Deccan (disambiguation).
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Deccan Plateau
Plateau
The Deccan Plateau covers parts of central and southern India.
Country
India
Rivers
Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri
The Deccan Plateau[1] is a large plateau in southern India. It rises to 100 metres (330 ft) in the north, and to more than 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) in the south, forming a raised triangle within the downward-pointing triangle of the Indian subcontinent's coastline.[2]
It extends over eight Indian states and encompasses a wide range of habitats, covering most of central and southern India.[3]
The plateau is located between two mountain ranges, the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats, each of which rises from its respective nearby coastal plain, and almost converge at the southern tip of India. It is separated from the Gangetic plain to the north by the Satpura and Vindhya Ranges, which form its northern boundary. The Deccan produced some of the major dynasties in Indian history Pallavas, Satavahana, Vakataka, Chalukya, and Rashtrakuta dynasties; the Western Chalukya, Kakatiya Empire, Vijayanagara and Maratha empires; and the Muslim Bahmani Sultanate, Deccan Sultanate, and the Nizam of Hyderabad.
Contents
[hide]
1 Etymology
2 Extent
3 Geography
3.1 Climate
4 The Deccan Traps
5 Geology
6 Fauna
7 People
8 History
9 Economy
10 Gallery
11 Notes
11.1 References
12 External links
Etymology[edit]
The name Deccan is an anglicised form of the Prakrit word dakkhin, itself derived from the Sanskrit word dákṣiṇa (meaning "southern"), as the Deccan Plateau is located in southern part of subcontinent.[4][5]
Extent[edit]
The Deccan region has historically lacked an enduring geo-political centre, and has been defined in various ways. Geographers have attempted to define it using indices such as rainfall, vegetation, soil type or physical features. When considering physical features, it is taken to be the area bounded by the Narmada River, the Eastern Ghats and the Western Ghats. The 16th century historian Firishta defined Deccan as the territory inhabited by the native speakers of Kannada, Marathi, and Telugu languages. Richard M. Eaton (2005) also settled on this linguistic definition.[6]
Geography[edit]
Topographic map of the Deccan plateau showing the locations of major cities and towns.
Hogenakal Falls, Tamil Nadu
Near Hampi, Karnataka
Rock formations at Hyderabad, Telangana Hills of granite boulders are a common feature of the landscape on the Deccan plateau.
Deccan Traps in Maharashtra
The Western Ghats mountain range is very tall and blocks the moisture from the southwest monsoon from reaching the Deccan Plateau, so the region receives very little rainfall.[7][8] The eastern Deccan Plateau is at a lower elevation spanning the southeastern coast of India. Its forests are also relatively dry but serve to retain the rain to form streams that feed into rivers that flow into basins and then into the Bay of Bengal.[2][9]
Most Deccan plateau rivers flow south. Most of the northern part of the plateau is drained by the Godavari River and its tributaries, including the Indravati River, starting from the Western Ghats and flowing east towards the Bay of Bengal. Most of the central plateau is drained by the Tungabhadra River, Krishna River and its tributaries, including the Bhima River, which also run east. The southernmost part of the plateau is drained by the Kaveri River, which rises in the Western Ghats of Karnataka and bends south to break through the Nilgiri Hills at the island town of Shivanasamudra and then falls into Tamil Nadu at Hogenakal Falls before flowing into the Stanley Reservoir and the Mettur Dam that created the reservoir, and finally emptying into the Bay of Bengal.
Climate[edit]
The climate of the region varies from semi-arid in the north to tropical in most of the region with distinct wet and dry seasons. Rain falls during the monsoon season from about June to October. March to June can be very dry and hot, with temperatures regularly exceeding 40 °C. The Deccan plateau is a topographically variegated region located south of the Gangetic plains-the portion lying between the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal-and includes a substantial area to the north of the Satpura Range, which has popularly been regarded as the divide between northern India and the Deccan. The name derives from the Sanskrit daksina ("south"). The plateau is bounded on the east and west by the Ghats, while its northern extremity is the Vindhya Range. The Deccan's average elevation is about 2,000 feet (600 m), sloping generally eastward; its principal rivers, the Godavari, Krishna, and Cauvery, flow from the Western Ghats eastward to the Bay of Bengal. The plateau's climate is drier than that on the coasts and is arid in places. Although sometimes used to mean all of India south of the Narmada River, the word Deccan relates more specifically to that area of rich volcanic soils and lava-covered plateaus in the northern part of the peninsula between the Narmada and Krishna rivers.
Having once constituted a segment of the ancient continent of Gondwanaland, this land is the oldest and most stable in India. The Deccan plateau consists of dry tropical forests that experiences only seasonal rainfall
On the western edge of the plateau lie the Sahyadri, the Nilgiri, the Anaimalai and the Elamalai Hills, commonly known as Western Ghats. The average height of the Western Ghats, which run along the Arabian Sea, goes on increasing towards the south. Anaimudi Peak in Kerala, with a height of 2,695 m above sea level, is the highest peak of peninsular India. In the Nilgiris lie Ootacamund, the well-known hill station of southern India. The western coastal plain is uneven and swift rivers flow through it that forms beautiful lagoons and backwaters, examples of which can be found in the state of Kerala. The east coast is wide with deltas formed by the rivers Godavari, Mahanadi and Kaveri. Flanking the Indian peninsula on the western side are the Lakshadweep Islands in the Arabian Sea and on the eastern side lies the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal.
The eastern Deccan plateau, called Telangana, is made of vast sheets of massive granite rock, which effectively traps rainwater. Under the thin surface layer of soil is the impervious gray granite bedrock. It rains here only during some months.
Comprising the northeastern part of the Deccan Plateau, the Telangana Plateau has an area of about 148,000 km2, a north-south length of about 770 km, and an east-west width of about 515 km.
The plateau is drained by the Godavari River taking a southeasterly course; by the Krishna River, which divides the peneplain into two regions; and by the Pennai Aaru River flowing in a northerly direction. The plateau's forests are moist deciduous, dry deciduous, and tropical thorn.
Most of the population of the region is engaged in agriculture; cereals, oilseeds, cotton, and pulses (legumes) are the major crops. There are multipurpose irrigation and hydroelectric-power projects, including the Pochampad, Bhaira Vanitippa, and Upper Pennai Aaru. Industries (located in Hyderabad, Warangal, and Kurnool) produce cotton textiles, sugar, foodstuffs, tobacco, paper, machine tools, and pharmaceuticals. Cottage industries are forest-based (timber, firewood, charcoal, bamboo products) and mineral-based (asbestos, coal, chromite, iron ore, mica, and kyanite).
The Deccan Traps[edit]
Main article: Deccan Traps
The northwestern part of the plateau is made up of lava flows or igneous rocks known as the Deccan Traps. The rocks are spread over the whole of Maharashtra and parts of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh, thereby making it one of the largest volcanic provinces in the world. It consists of more than 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) of flat-lying basalt lava flows and covers an area of nearly 500,000 square kilometres (190,000 sq mi) in west-central India. Estimates of the original area covered by the lava flows are as high as 1,500,000 square kilometres (580,000 sq mi). The volume of basalt is estimated to be 511,000 cubic km. The thick dark soil (called regur) found here is suitable for cotton cultivation.
Geology[edit]
The volcanic basalt beds of the Deccan were laid down in the massive Deccan Traps eruption, which occurred towards the end of the Cretaceous period between 67 and 66 million years ago. Some paleontologists speculate that this eruption may have accelerated the extinction of the dinosaurs. Layer after layer was formed by the volcanic activity that lasted many thousands of years, and when the volcanoes became extinct, they left a region of highlands with typically vast stretches of flat areas on top like a table.The volcanic hotspot that produced the Deccan traps is hypothesized to lie under the present day island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean.[10]
Typically the Deccan Plateau is made up of basalt extending up to Bhor Ghat near Karjat. This is an extrusive igneous rock. Also in certain sections of the region, we can find granite, which is an intrusive igneous rock. The difference between these two rock types is: basalt rock forms on eruption of lava, that is, on the surface (either out of a volcano, or through massive fissures—as in the Deccan basalts—in the ground), while granite forms deep within the Earth. Granite is a felsic rock, meaning it is rich in potassium feldspar and quartz. This composition is continental in origin (meaning it is the primary composition of the continental crust). Since it cooled relatively slowly, it has large visible crystals. Basalt, on the other hand, is mafic in composition—meaning it is rich in pyroxene and, in some cases, olivine, both of which are Mg-Fe rich minerals. Basalt is similar in composition to mantle rocks, indicating that it came from the mantle and did not mix with continental rocks. Basalt forms in areas that are spreading, whereas granite forms mostly in areas that are colliding. Since both rocks are found in the Deccan Plateau, it indicates two different environments of formation.
The Deccan is rich in minerals. Primary mineral ores found in this region are mica and iron ore in the Chhota Nagpur region, and diamonds, gold and other metals in the Golconda region.
Fauna[edit]
The large areas of remaining forest on the plateau are still home to a variety of grazing animals from the four-horned antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis), chinkara (Gazella bennettii), and blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra) to the large gaur and wild water buffalo (Bubalus arena).
People[edit]
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The Deccan is home to many languages and people. Bhil and Gond people live in the hills along the northern and northeastern edges of the plateau, and speak various languages that belong to both the Indo-European and Dravidian families of languages. Marathi, and Indo-Aryan language, is the main language of the north-western Deccan in the state of Maharashtra. Speakers of Telugu and Kannada, the predominant languages of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka respectively, occupy those states' portions of the plateau. The city of Hyderabad is an important center of the Urdu language in the Deccan; its surrounding areas also host a notable population of Urdu speakers. The Urdu dialect spoken in this region is also known as Dakhini or as Deccani, named after the region itself. North of Andhra is the state of Odisha. People speak the language Oriya here.
The chief crop is cotton; also common are sugarcane, rice, and other crops.
Apart from the states already mentioned, the state of Chhattisgarh is found in the northeast corner of the plateau. The large cities in the Deccan are Hyderabad, the capital of Telangana, Bangalore, the capital of Karnataka and Pune, the cultural hub of Maharashtra. Other major cities include Mysore, Gulbarga and Bellary in Karnataka; Nagpur, Amravati, Kolhapur, Latur and Aurangabad in Maharashtra; Vijayawada, Guntur, Kakinada, Eluru, Rajahmundry in Andhra Pradesh; and Warangal, Karimnagar, Ramagundam, Nizamabad, Mahbubnagar in Telangana.
History[edit]
See also: History of India
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The Deccan produced some of the most significant dynasties in Indian History like the Chola dynasty, Satavahana dynasty, Vakataka dynasty, Chalukya dynasty, Rashtrakuta dynasty, Western Chalukya Empire, Vijayanagara Empire and Maratha Empire. Of the early history, the main facts established are the growth of the Mauryan empire (300 BC) and after that the Deccan was ruled by the Satavahana dynasty which protected the Deccan against the Scythian invaders.[11] Prominent dynasties of this time include the Cholas (3rd century BC to 12th century AD), Chalukyas (6th to 12th centuries), Rashtrakutas (753–982), Hoysalas (10th to 14th centuries), Kakatiya (1083 to 1323 AD) and Vijayanagara Empire (1336–1646). Ahir Kings once ruled over the Deccan. A cave inscription at Nasik refers to the reign of an Abhira prince named Ishwarsena, son of Shivadatta.[12] After the collapse of the Satavahana dynasty the Deccan was ruled by the Vakataka dynasty from the 3rd century to 5th century.
From the 6th to 8th century the Deccan was ruled by the Chalukya dynasty which produced great rulers like Pulakesi II who defeated the north India Emperor Harsha or Vikramaditya II whose general defeated the Arab invaders in the 8th century. From the 8th to 10th century the Rashtrakuta dynasty ruled this region. It led successful military campaigns into northern India and was described by Arab scholars as one of the four great empires of the world.[13] In the 10th century the Western Chalukya Empire was established which produced scholars like the social reformer Basava, Vijñāneśvara, the mathematician Bhāskara II and Someshwara III who wrote the text Manasollasa. From the early 11th century to the 12th century the Deccan Plateau was dominated by the Western Chalukya Empire and the Chola dynasty.[14] Several battles were fought between the Western Chalukya Empire and the Chola dynasty in the Deccan Plateau during the reigns of Raja Raja Chola I, Rajendra Chola I, Jayasimha II, Someshvara I and Vikramaditya VI and Kulottunga I.[15]
In 1294, Alauddin Khilji, emperor of Delhi, invaded the Deccan, stormed Devagiri, and reduced the Yadava rajas of Maharashtra to the position of tributary princes (see Daulatabad), then proceeding southward to conquer the Telangana and Carnatic. In 1307, a fresh series of Muslim incursions led by Malik Kafur began in response to unpaid tributes, resulting in the final ruin of the Yadava power; and in 1338 the conquest of the Deccan was completed by Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq. The imperial hegemony was brief, as soon Telingana and Karnataka reverted to their former masters. These defections by the Hindu states was soon followed by a general revolt of the Muslim governors, resulting in the establishment in 1347 of the independent Muslim dynasty of Bahmani.[16] The power of the Delhi sultanate evaporated south of the Narmada River. The southern Deccan came under the rule of the famous Vijayanagara Empire which reached its zenith during the reign of Emperor Krishnadevaraya.[17]
Jahangir receives Prince Khurram on his return from the Deccan (10 October 1617).
In the power struggles which ensued, the Hindu kingdom of Telingana fell bit by bit to the Bahamani dynasty, who advanced their frontier to Golkonda in 1373, to Warangal in 1421, and to the Bay of Bengal in 1472. Krishnadevaraya of the Vijayanagara Empire defeated the last remnant of Bahmani Sultanate power after which the Bahmani Sultanate collapsed.[18] When the Bahmani empire dissolved in 1518, its dominions were distributed into the five Muslim states of Golkonda, Bijapur, Ahmednagar, Bidar and Berar, giving rise to the Deccan sultanates.[16] South of these, the Hindu state of Carnatic or Vijayanagar still survived; but this, too, was defeated, at the Battle of Talikota (1565) by a league of the Muslim powers. Berar had already been annexed by Ahmednagar in 1572, and Bidar was absorbed by Bijapur in 1619. Mughal interest in the Deccan also rose at this time; Ahmadnagar was partially incorporated in the Empire in 1598 and as fully in 1636, Bijapur in 1686, and Golkonda in 1688.
In 1674, Shivaji laid the foundation of the Maratha Empire which within 75 years of his death covered territory of over 250 million acres (1 million km²) or one-third of the Indian sub-continent. Marathas under Shivaji directly challenged the foreign rule of the Bijapur Sultanate and ultimately the mighty Mughal empire. Once the Bijapur Sultanate stopped being a threat to the Maratha Empire, Marathas became much more aggressive and began to frequently raid Mughal territory. The Marathas had conquered part of central and western India by Shivaji's death in 1680. After Shivaji, Sambhaji defended the Maratha empire from the Mughal onslaught led by Aurangzeb. Marathas defeated Mughals in the prolonged war. After 1707, the Marathas acquired the right to levy tribute in southern India. After the death of Chhatrapati Shahu, the Peshwas became the de facto leaders of the Empire from 1749 to 1761, while Shivaji's successors continued as nominal rulers from their base in Satara. The Marathas kept the British at bay during the 18th century. By 1760, with the defeat of the Nizam in the Deccan, Maratha power had reached its zenith. However, dissension between the Peshwa and their sardars (army commanders) saw a gradual downfall of the Empire leading to its eventual annexation by the British East India Company in 1818 after the three Anglo-Maratha wars.
A few years later, the Aurangzeb's viceroy in Ahmednagar, Nizam-ul-Mulk, established the seat of an independent government at Hyderabad in 1724. Mysore was ruled by Hyder Ali. During the contests for power which ensued from about the middle of the 18th century between the powers on the plateau, the French and British took opposite sides. After a brief course of triumph, the interests of France declined, and a new empire in India was established by the British. Mysore formed one of their earliest conquests in the Deccan. Tanjore and the Carnatic were soon annexed to their dominions, followed by the Peshwa territories in 1818.
In British India, the plateau was largely divided between the presidencies of Bombay and Madras. The two largest native states at that time were Hyderabad and Mysore; many smaller states existed at the time, including Kolhapur, and Sawantwari.
After independence in 1947, almost all native states were incorporated into the Republic of India. Hyderabad refused to join, and was annexed by the Indian Army in Operation Polo in 1948.[19] In 1956, the States Reorganisation Act reorganized states along linguistic lines, leading to the states currently found on the plateau.
Economy[edit]
Deccan plateau is very rich in minerals and precious stones.[20] The plateau’s mineral wealth led many lowland rulers, including those of the Mauryan (4th–2nd century BCE) and Gupta (4th–6th century CE) dynasties, to fight over it.[21] Major minerals found here includes, coal, iron ore, asbestos, chromite, mica, and kyanite. Since March 2011, large deposits of uranium, has been discovered in the Tummalapalle belt and in the Bhima basin at Gogi in Karnataka. The Tummalapalle belt uranium reserves promises to be one of the top 20 uranium reserves discovery of the world.[22][23][24]
Low rainfall made farming difficult until the introduction of irrigation. Currently, percentage area under cultivation is quite low, ranging from 60% in Maharastra to about 10% in Western Ghats.[25] Except in areas of certain developed river valleys, double-cropping is rare. Rice is the predominant crop in high-rainfall areas and sorghum in low-rainfall areas. Other crops of significance includes cotton, tobacco, oilseeds, and sugar cane. Coffee, tea, coconuts, areca, pepper, rubber, cashew nuts, tapioca, and cardamom are widely grown on plantations in the Nilgiri Hills and on the western slopes of the Western Ghats. Cultivation of Jatropha have recently got more attention due to the Jatropha incentives in India.
Gallery[edit]
Deccan style
Calligraphic emblem of sculpted sandstone – 16th century
Nimmatnama-i Nasiruddin-Shahi (the Book of Recipes)
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Page 46, Dr. Jadoan, Atar Singh (September 2001). Military Geography of South-East Asia. India: Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp. 270 pages. ISBN 81-261-1008-2. Retrieved 2008-06-08.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Deccan Peninsula". sanctuaryasia. Archived from the original on 17 October 2006. Retrieved 2007-01-05.
Jump up ^ "The Deccan Plateau". rainwaterharvesting.org. Retrieved 2007-01-05.
Jump up ^ Henry Yule, A. C. Burnell. Hobson-Jobson: The Definitive Glossary of British India. Oxford. ISBN 9780191645839.
Jump up ^ Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary, p. 498 (scanned image at SriPedia Initiative): Sanskrit dakṣiṇa meaning 'southern'.
Jump up ^ Richard M. Eaton 2005, p. 2.
Jump up ^ World Wildlife Fund (2001). "South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests". WildWorld Ecoregion Profile. National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 2010-03-08. Retrieved 2007-01-05.
Jump up ^ "South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 2007-01-05.
Jump up ^ "Eastern Deccan Plateau Moist Forests". World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 2007-01-05.
Jump up ^ "Deccan".
Jump up ^ History of Asia by B.V. Rao p.288
Jump up ^ The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions, Volume 1, by Syed Siraj ul Hassan-page-12
Jump up ^ Portraits of a Nation: History of Ancient India by kamlesh kapur p.584-585
Jump up ^ The Penguin History of Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300 by Romila Thapar: p.365-366
Jump up ^ Ancient Indian History and Civilization by Sailendra Nath Sen: p.383-384
^ Jump up to: a b Marshall Cavendish Corporation (2008). India and Its Neighbors, Part 1, p. 335. Tarreytown, New York: Marshall Cavendish Corporation.
Jump up ^ Richard M. Eaton 2005, p. 83.
Jump up ^ Richard M. Eaton 2005, p. 88.
Jump up ^ Benichou, Lucien D. (2000). From Autocracy to Integration: Political Developments in Hyderabad State (1938—1948), p. 232. Chennai: Orient Longman Limited.
Jump up ^ Ottens, Berthold (1 January 2003). "Minerals of the Deccan Traps, India". HighBeam Research. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Deccan Plateau, India". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
Jump up ^ Subramanian, T. S. (20 March 2011). "Massive uranium deposits found in Andhra Pradesh". news. Chennai, India: The Hindu. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
Jump up ^ Thakur, Monami (19 July 2011). "Massive uranium deposits found in Andhra Pradesh". International Business Times. USA.
Jump up ^ Bedi, Rahul (19 July 2011). "Largest uranium reserves found in India". The Telegraph. New Delhi, India.
Jump up ^ "Peninsular India". ita. September 1995. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
References[edit]
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "India". Encyclopædia Britannica. 14 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 375–421.
Richard M. Eaton (2005). A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521254847.
External links[edit]
Media related to Deccan Plateau at Wikimedia Commons
Dynasties of Deccan
[show]
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Coordinates: 17°N 77°E / 17°N 77°E / 17; 77
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deccan_Plateau&oldid=800074679"
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