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Education in France
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Education in France
Ministry of National Education
Minister
Deputy Minister
Jean-Michel Blanquer
General details
Primary languages
French
System type
Central
Literacy (2003)
Total
991
Male
99
Female
99
Enrollment
Total
15.0 million2
Primary
6.7 million
Secondary
4.9 million
Post secondary
2.3 million3
Attainment
Secondary diploma
79.7%
Post-secondary diploma
27%
1As of 2004, literacy rates are no longer collected within INSEE censuses.
2Includes private education.
3Includes universities, CPGE, and technical schools.
School system in France
The French educational system is highly centralized and organized, with many subdivisions. It is divided into the three stages of enseignement primaire (primary education), enseignement secondaire (secondary education), and enseignement supérieur (higher education). In French higher education, the following degrees are recognized by the Bologna Process (EU recognition): Licence and Licence Professionnelle (bachelor's degrees), and the comparably named Master and Doctorat degrees.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Governance
3 School year
4 Primary school
5 Middle school and high school
6 International education
7 Higher education
7.1 Tuition costs
7.2 Universities in France
7.3 Grandes écoles
7.4 Preparatory classes (CPGEs)
7.4.1 Scientific CPGEs
7.4.2 Business CPGEs
7.4.3 Humanities CPGEs (Hypokhâgne and Khâgne)
7.4.4 Colles
7.5 Recruitment of teachers
8 Religion
9 Statistics
10 See also
11 References
12 External links
History[edit]
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Main article: History of education in France
Jules Ferry
While the French trace the development of their educational system to Napoleon, the modern era of French education begins at the end of the nineteenth century. Jules Ferry, a Minister of Public Instruction in the 1880s, is widely credited for creating the modern school (l'école républicaine) by requiring all children between the ages of 6 and 12, both boys and girls, to attend. He also made public instruction mandatory, free of charge, and secular (laïque). With these laws, known as French Lubbers, Jules Ferry laws, and several others, the Third Republic repealed most of the Falloux Laws of 1850–1851, which gave an important role to the clergy.
Governance[edit]
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All educational programmes in France are regulated by the Ministry of National Education (officially called Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de la Jeunesse et de la Vie associative). The head of the ministry is the Minister of National Education.
The teachers in public primary and secondary schools are all state civil servants, making the ministère the largest employer in the country. Professors and researchers in France's universities are also employed by the state.
The different Académies and school zones in France
Zone
Académies/Cites
A
Besançon, Bordeaux, Clermont-Ferrand, Dijon, Grenoble, Limoges, Lyon, Poitiers
B
Aix-Marseille, Amiens, Caen, Lille, Nancy-Metz, Nantes, Nice, Orléans-Tours, Reims, Rennes, Rouen, Strasbourg
C
Créteil, Montpellier, Paris, Toulouse, Versailles
At the primary and secondary levels, the curriculum is the same for all French students in any given grade, which includes public, semi-public and subsidised institutions. However, there exist specialised sections and a variety of options that students can choose. The reference for all French educators is the Bulletin officiel de l'éducation nationale, de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche (B.O.) which lists all current programmes and teaching directives. It is amended many times every year.[1]
School year[edit]
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In Metropolitan France, the school year runs from early September to early July. The school calendar is standardised throughout the country and is the sole domain of the ministry.
In May, schools need time to organise exams (for example, the baccalauréat). Outside Metropolitan France, the school calendar is set by the local recteur.
Major holiday breaks are as follows:
All Saints (la Toussaint), two weeks (since 2012) around the end of October and the beginning of November;
Christmas (Noël), two weeks around Christmas Day and New Year's Day;
winter (hiver), two weeks starting in mid February;
spring (printemps) or Easter (Pâques), two weeks starting in mid April;
summer (été), two months starting in early July. (mid-June for high school students).
Primary school[edit]
Schooling in France is mandatory from age 6. Most parents start sending their children at age 3, at kindergarten classes (maternelle), which are usually affiliated to a borough's primary school. Some even start earlier at age 2 in pré-maternelle or très petite section classes, which are essentially daycare centres. The last year of kindergarten, grande section ("big form") is an important step in the educational process, as it is the year in which pupils are introduced to reading.
After kindergarten, the young students move on to the école élémentaire (literally the "elementary school"). It is in the first year that they will learn to write and develop their reading skills. Much akin to other educational systems, French primary school students usually have a single teacher (or perhaps two) who teaches the complete curriculum, such as French, mathematics, science and humanities to name a few. Note that the French word for a teacher at the primary school level is maître, or its feminine form maîtresse (previously called instituteur, or its feminine form institutrice).
Children stay in elementary school for 5 years until they are 10–11 years-old. The classes are named : CP (cours préparatoire), CE1 (cours élémentaire 1), CE2 (cours élémentaire 2), CM1 (cours moyen 1) and CM2 (cours moyen 2). [2]
Middle school and high school[edit]
Further information: Secondary education in France
After primary school, two educational stages follow:
collèges (middle school), which cater for the first four years of secondary education from the ages of 11 to 15.
lycées (high school), which provide a three-year course of further secondary education for children between the ages of 15 and 18. Pupils are prepared for the baccalauréat (baccalaureate, colloquially known as le bac). The baccalauréat can lead to higher education studies or directly to professional life.
International education[edit]
As of January 2015, the International Schools Consultancy (ISC)[3] listed France as having 105 international schools.[4] ISC defines an 'international school' in the following terms "ISC includes an international school if the school delivers a curriculum to any combination of pre-school, primary or secondary students, wholly or partly in English outside an English-speaking country, or if a school in a country where English is one of the official languages, offers an English-medium curriculum other than the country’s national curriculum and is international in its orientation."[4] This definition is used by publications including The Economist.[5]
France has its own international school regulator, the AEFE (Association de l'éducation Francaise a l'étranger).
Higher education[edit]
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See also: List of colleges and universities in France and Academic ranks in France
Higher education in France is organized in three levels, which correspond to those of other European countries, facilitating international mobility: the Licence and Licence Professionnelle (bachelor's degrees), and the Master's and Doctorat degrees.[citation needed] The Licence and the Master are organized in semesters: 6 for the Licence and 4 for the Master.[6][7] These levels of study include various "parcours" or paths based on UE (Unités d’Enseignement or Modules), each worth a defined number of European credits (ECTS); a student accumulates these credits, which are generally transferable between paths.[citation needed] A Licence is awarded once 180 ECTS have been obtained; a Master is awarded once 120 additional credits have been obtained.[6][7]
Licence and master's degrees are offered within specific domaines and carry a specific mention. Spécialités which are either research-oriented or professionally oriented during the second year of the Master. There are also Professional Licences whose objective is immediate job integration. It is possible to later return to school through continuing education or to validate professional experience (through VAE, Validation des Acquis de l’Expérience[8]).
Higher education in France is divided between grandes écoles and public universities. The grandes écoles admit the graduates of the level Baccalauréat + 2 years of validated study (or sometimes directly after the Baccalauréat) whereas universities admit all graduates of the Baccalauréat.
A striking trait of French higher education, compared with other countries, is the small size and multiplicity of establishments, each specialised in a more-or-less broad spectrum of areas. A middle-sized French city, such as Grenoble or Nancy, may have 2 or 3 universities (focused on science or sociological studies) and also a number of engineering and other establishments specialised higher education. In Paris and its suburbs there are 13 universities, none of which is specialised in one area or another, and a large number of smaller institutions that are highly specialised.
It is not uncommon for graduate teaching programmes (master's degrees, the course part of PhD programmes etc.) to be operated in common by several institutions, allowing the institutions to present a larger variety of courses.
In engineering schools and the professional degrees of universities, a large share of the teaching staff is often made up of non-permanent professors; instead, part-time professors are hired to teach one only specific subject. The part-time professors are generally hired from neighbouring universities, research institutes or industries.
Another original feature of the French higher education system is that a large share of the scientific research is carried out by research establishments such as CNRS or INSERM, which are not formally part of the universities. However, in most cases, the research units of those establishments are located inside universities (or other higher education establishments) and jointly operated by the research establishment and the university.
Tuition costs[edit]
Since higher education is funded by the state, the fees are very low; the tuition varies from €150 to €700 depending on the university and the different levels of education. (licence, master, doctorate). One can therefore get a master's degree (in 5 years) for about €750-3,500. Additionally, students from low-income families can apply for scholarships, paying nominal sums for tuition or textbooks, and can receive a monthly stipend of up to €450 per month.
The tuition in public engineering schools is comparable to universities, albeit a little higher (around €700). However it can reach €7000 a year for private engineering schools, and some business schools, which are all private or partially private, charge up to €15000 a year.
Health insurance for students is free until the age of 20 so only the costs of living and books have to be added. After the age of 20, the health insurance for students costs €200 a year and cover most of the medical expenses.
Some public schools have other ways of gaining money. Some do not receive sufficient funds from the government for class trips and other extra activities and so these schools may ask for a small (optional) entrance fee for new students.
Universities in France[edit]
See also: List of public universities in France and University reform in France
The public universities in France are named after the major cities near which they are located, followed by a numeral if there are several. Paris, for example, has thirteen universities, labelled Paris I to XIII. Some of these are not in Paris itself, but in the suburbs. In addition, most of the universities have taken a more informal name which is usually that of a famous person or a particular place. Sometimes, it is also a way to honor a famous alumnus, for example the science university in Strasbourg is known as "Université Louis Pasteur" while its official name is "Université Strasbourg I" (however, since 2009, the three universities of Strasbourg have been merged).
The French system has undergone a reform, the Bologna process, which aims at creating European standards for university studies, most notably a similar time-frame everywhere, with three years devoted to the bachelor's degree ("licence" in French), two for the Master's, and three for the doctorate. French universities have also adopted the ECTS credit system (for example, a licence is worth 180 credits). However the traditional curriculum based on end of semester examinations still remains in place in most universities. This double standard has added complexity to a system which also remains quite rigid. It is difficult to change a major during undergraduate studies without losing a semester or even a whole year. Students usually also have few course selection options once they enroll in a particular diploma.
France also hosts various branch colleges of foreign universities. These include Baruch College, the University of London Institute in Paris, Parsons Paris School of Art and Design and the American University of Paris.
Grandes écoles[edit]
Main article: Grandes écoles
The grandes écoles of France are elite higher-education establishments. They are generally focused on a single subject area (e.g., engineering or business), have a small size (typically between 100 and 300 graduates per year), and are highly selective. They are widely regarded as prestigious,[9][10] and most of France's scientists and executives have graduated from a grande école.
National rankings are published every year by various magazines.[11][12][13][14] While these rankings slightly vary from year to year, the top grandes écoles have been very stable for decades:
science and engineering: Écoles Normales Supérieures, Ecole Polytechnique, Mines ParisTech, ISAE-Supaéro and CentraleSupélec;
humanities: three Écoles Normales Supérieures and Ecole des Chartes;
business: HEC Paris, ESSEC Business School, ESCP Europe, EMLyon, Audencia and EDHEC;[15]
administration and political sciences: ENA and Sciences Po.
Preparatory classes (CPGEs)[edit]
Main article: Classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles
The Preparatory classes (in French "classes préparatoires aux grandes écoles" or CPGE), widely known as prépas, is a prep course with the main goal of training students for enrollment in a grande école. Admission to CPGEs is based on performance during the last two years of high school, called Première and Terminale. Only 5% of a generation is admitted to a prépa. CPGEs are usually located within high schools but pertain to tertiary education, which means that each student must have successfully passed their Baccalauréat (or equivalent) to be admitted in a CPGE. Each CPGE receives applications from hundreds of applicants worldwide[citation needed] every year in April and May, and selects students based on its own criteria. A few CPGEs, mainly the private ones (which account for 10% of CPGEs), also have an interview process or look at a student's involvement in the community.
The ratio of CPGE students who fail to enter any grande école is lower in scientific and business CPGEs than in humanities CPGEs.
Scientific CPGEs[edit]
The oldest CPGEs are the scientific ones, which can only be accessed by scientific Bacheliers. Scientific CPGE are called TSI ("Technology and Engineering Science"), MPSI ("Mathematics, Physics and Engineering Science"), PCSI ("Physics, Chemistry, and Engineering Science") or PTSI ("Physics, Technology, and Engineering Science") in the first year, MP ("Mathematics and Physics"), PSI ("Physics and Engineering Science"), PC ("Physics and Chemistry") or PT ("Physics and Technology") in the second year and BCPST ("Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Life and Earth Sciences").
First year CPGE students are called the "Math Sup"—or Hypotaupe—(Sup for "Classe de Mathématiques Supérieures", superior in French, meaning post-high school), and second years "Math Spé"—or Taupe—(Spés standing for "Classe de Mathématiques Spéciales", special in French). The students of these classes are called Taupins. Both the first and second year programmes include as much as sixteen hours of mathematics teaching per week, ten hours of physics, two hours of philosophy, two to four hours of (one or two) foreign languages teaching and two to three hours of minor options: either SI, Engineering Industrial Science or Theoretical Computer Science (including some programming using the Pascal or CaML programming languages, as a practical work). With this is added several hours of homework, which can rise as much as the official hours of class. A known joke among those students is that they are becoming moles for two years, sometimes three. This is actually the origin of the nicknames taupe and taupin (taupe being the French word for a mole).
Business CPGEs[edit]
There are also CPGE which are focused on economics (who prepare the admission in business schools). These are known as "Prépa EC" (short for Economiques et Commerciales) and are divided into two parts ("prépa EC spe mathematics", generally for those who graduated the scientific baccalaureat and "prépa EC spe éco", for those who were in the economics section in high school).
Humanities CPGEs (Hypokhâgne and Khâgne)[edit]
The literary and humanities CPGEs have also their own nicknames, Hypokhâgne for the first year and Khâgne for the second year. The students are called the khâgneux. These classes prepare for schools such as the three Écoles Normales Supérieures, the Ecole des Chartes, and sometimes Sciences Po.
There are two kinds of Khâgnes. The Khâgne de Lettres is the most common, and focuses on philosophy, French literature, history and languages. The Khâgne de Lettres et Sciences Sociales (Literature and Social Sciences), otherwise called Khâgne B/L, also includes mathematics and socio-economic sciences in addition to those literary subjects.
The students of Hypokhâgne and Khâgne (the humanities CPGE) are simultaneously enrolled in universities, and can go back to university in case of failure or if they feel unable to pass the highly competitive entrance examinations for the Écoles Normales Supérieures.
Colles[edit]
The amount of work required of the students is exceptionally high. In addition to class time and homework, students spend several hours each week completing exams called colles (sometimes written 'khôlles' to look like a Greek word, this way of writing being initially a khâgneux's joke[clarification needed]). The colles are unique to French academic education in CPGEs.
In scientific and business CPGEs, colles consist of oral examinations twice a week, in French, foreign languages (usually English, German, or Spanish), maths, physics, philosophy, or geopolitics — depending on the type of CPGE. Students, usually in groups of three or four, spend an hour facing a professor alone in a room, answering questions and solving problems.
In humanities CPGEs, colles are usually taken every quarter in every subject. Students have one hour to prepare a short presentation that takes the form of a French-style dissertation (a methodologically codified essay, typically structured in 3 parts: thesis, counter-thesis, and synthesis) in history, philosophy, etc. on a given topic, or the form of a commentaire composé (a methodologically codified commentary) in literature and foreign languages. In Ancient Greek or Latin, they involve a translation and a commentary. The student then has 20 minutes to present his/her work to the teacher, who finally asks some questions on the presentation and on the corresponding topic.
Colles are regarded as very stressful, particularly due to the high standards expected by the teachers, and the subsequent harshness that may be directed at students who do not perform adequately. But they are important insofar as they prepare the students, from the very first year, for the oral part of the highly competitive examinations, which are reserved for the happy few who successfully pass the written part.
Recruitment of teachers[edit]
Decades ago[when?], primary school teachers were educated in Ecoles Normales and secondary teachers recruited through the "Agrégation" examination. The situation has been diversified by the introduction in the 1950s of the CAPES examination for secondary teachers and in the 1990s by the institution of "Instituts Universitaires de Formation des Maîtres" (IUFM), which have recently been renamed Écoles Supérieures du Professorat et de l’Éducation (ESPE). University teachers are recruited by special commissions, and are divided between:
"teachers-researchers" (enseignants-chercheurs), with at least a doctorate: they teach classes and conduct research in their field of expertise with a full tenure. They are either Maître de Conférences (Senior lecturers), or Professeurs (Professors). Only a Professor can be the director of studies for a PhD student. The net pay is from 2300 to 8800 (with extra duties) euros per month. Net salaries of over 4000 euros per month (2011 level) are however very unusual, and limited to the small minority of teacher-researchers who have held the grade of first class full professor for at least seven years, which is rare. The maximum possible net salary for second-class full professors and chief senior lecturers (maître de conférence hors classe)—the end of career status for most full-time teacher-researchers in French universities—is 3760 Euros a month (2011)—and only a minority of this group ever reach this level.
Secondary school teachers who have been permanently assigned away from their original school position to teach in a university. They are not required to conduct any research but teach twice as many hours as the "teachers-researchers". They are called PRAG (professeurs agrégés) and PRCE (professeurs certifiés). Their weekly service is 15 or 18 hours. The net pay is from 1400 to 3900 euros per month.
CPGE teachers are usually "agrégés" or "chaire sup", assigned by the Inspection Général according to their qualifications and competitive exam rank as well as other factors. Their weekly service is about 9 hours a week, 25 or 33 weeks a year. Net pay : from 2000 to 7500 euro (extra hours)
Primary school and kindergarten teachers (Professeurs des écoles), educated in "Instituts Universitaires de Formation des Maîtres" (IUFM), have usually a "master" (Bac+5). Their weekly service is about 28 hours a week.
Religion[edit]
Religious instruction is not given by public schools (except for 6- to 18-year-old students in Alsace-Moselle under the Concordat of 1801). Laïcité (secularism) is one of the main precepts of the French republic.
In a March 2004 ruling, the French government banned all "conspicuous religious symbols" from schools and other public institutions with the intent of preventing proselytisation and to foster a sense of tolerance among ethnic groups. Some religious groups showed their opposition, saying the law hindered the freedom of religion as protected by the French constitution.
See also: French law on secularity and conspicuous religious symbols in schools
Statistics[edit]
The French Republic has 67 million inhabitants, living in the 13 regions of metropolitan France and four overseas departments (2.7 million). Despite the fact that the population is growing (up 0.4% a year), the proportion of young people under 25 is falling. There are now[when?] fewer than 19 million young people in metropolitan France, or 32% of the total population, compared with 40% in the 1970s and 35% at the time of the 190 census. France is seeing a slow aging of the population—less marked however than in other neighbouring countries (such as Germany and Italy), especially as the annual number of births is currently increasing slightly.
Eighteen million pupils and students, i.e. a quarter of the population, are in the education system. Of these, over 2.4 million are in higher education.[16] The French Education Minister reported in 2000 that 39 out of 75,000 state schools were "seriously violent" and 300 were "somewhat violent".[17]
See also[edit]
Academic grading in France
Agency for French Teaching Abroad (Agence pour l'enseignement français à l'étranger)
Campus France (Agency for the promotion of French Higher Education)
Conférence des Grandes Écoles (CGE)
Commission des Titres d'Ingénieur
Comité d'études sur les formations d'ingénieurs
Conference of the Directors of French Engineering Schools (Conférence des directeurs des écoles françaises d'ingénieurs (CDEFI))
Homeschooling in France
Open access in France
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Le Bulletin officiel". Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche.
Jump up ^ https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/N54
Jump up ^ "International School Consultancy Group > Home". Iscresearch.com. Retrieved 2016-07-07.
^ Jump up to: a b "International School Consultancy Group > Information > ISC News". Iscresearch.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-07-07.
Jump up ^ "The new local". The Economist. 17 December 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "La Licence". enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr (in French). 2016-07-19. Retrieved 2016-07-19.
^ Jump up to: a b "Le Master". enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr (in French). 2016-07-19. Retrieved 2016-07-19.
Jump up ^ "Validation des acquis de l'expérience (VAE)". Vosdroits.service-public.fr (in French). 2011-05-02. Archived from the original on 2012-07-11. Retrieved 2012-06-22.
Jump up ^ Understanding the "Grandes Ecoles", retrieved 2009-06-07
Jump up ^ "grande école". French to English translation by CollinsDictionary.com. Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 11th Edition. Retrieved November 02, 2012.
Jump up ^ L'Étudiant, Palmarès des grandes écoles de commerce.
Jump up ^ L'Étudiant, Palmarès des écoles d'ingénieurs.
Jump up ^ Le Figaro, Classement des écoles de commerce.
Jump up ^ L'Usine nouvelle, Palmarès des écoles d'ingénieurs.
Jump up ^ "Classement SIGEM des écoles de commerce | Bloom6". bloom6.free.fr. Retrieved 2016-04-21.
Jump up ^ Kabla-Langlois, Isabelle; Dauphin, Laurence (2015). "Students in higher education". Higher education & research in France, facts and figures - 49 indicators. Paris: Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
Jump up ^ Lichfield, J. (2000, January 27). Violence in the lycees leaves France reeling. The Independent. London.
External links[edit]
Eurydice France, Eurydice: Portal for European education systems
French Ministry of National Education, Higher Education and Research (English)
School Education in France, Eduscol: the French portal for Education players (English)
Education in France, a webdossier by the German Education Server (English)
French tutor in London, The Language machine – Let Us Find the Right French Lessons for You(English)
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Shannyn Sossamon
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Shannyn Sossamon
Sossamon at the 2013 Milano International Film Festival.
Born
Shannon Marie Kahololani Sossamon
(1978-10-03) October 3, 1978 (age 39)
Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.
Residence
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Occupation
Actress, dancer, model, musician
Years active
1995–present
Partner(s)
Dallas Clayton (2002–2004)
Children
2
Shannon Marie Kahololani Sossamon, commonly known as Shannyn Sossamon (born October 3, 1978), is an American actress and musician. She has appeared in the films A Knight's Tale (2001), 40 Days and 40 Nights, The Rules of Attraction (both 2002), The Order (2003), Kiss Kiss Bang Bang (2005) and The Holiday (2006).
She appeared in Wristcutters: A Love Story (2006) and had a starring part on the CBS supernatural drama Moonlight, which ran for one season from 2007 to 2008. She subsequently headlined the horror remake One Missed Call (2008), which earned her a Teen Choice Award nomination. She has appeared in a number of independent films, including Life Is Hot in Cracktown (2009), Road to Nowhere (2010), The Day (2011) and The End of Love (2012). She has made several television appearances, in the first season of ABC's drama Mistresses (2013) and in M. Night Shyamalan's Wayward Pines (2015–16). She played the character of Pandora in season three of FOX's Sleepy Hollow.
As a musician, she provided vocals and drums to Warpaint from 2004 to 2008, when she left the group to focus more on acting. Sossamon's sole recording with the band is the 2009 EP, Exquisite Corpse. Sossamon has directed and produced short and musical videos, released through Maudegone Theater, an online-video project she created in 2010.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
2.1 1995–2002: Early work and breakthrough
2.2 2003–05: Hiatus
2.3 2006–08:Wristcutters and Moonlight
2.4 2009–12: Indie film route
2.5 2013–present: Television work
3 Personal life
3.1 Relationships and family
3.2 Music and interests
4 Filmography
5 Awards and nominations
6 References
7 External links
Early life[edit]
Shannon Marie Kahololani Sossamon was born on October 3, 1978 in Honolulu, Hawaii, and was raised in Reno, Nevada.[1] She is the daughter of Sherry Sossamon, a nurse, and Todd Lindberg. She has a younger sister, singer Jenny Lee Lindberg, who was born in 1981. Her parents divorced when she was five, and Sossamon and her sister were then raised by her mother,[2] who married Randy Goldman, a salesman and manager of an auto dealership.[3][4] Her maternal grandmother is of Hawaiian and Filipino descent, while the rest of her ancestry is English, German, Dutch,[5] French, and Irish.[6] Sossamon attended Galena High School in Reno, graduating in 1995.[7] The day after her high school graduation, she relocated to Los Angeles with two friends, to study dance.[6][8] "Nothing compares to that feeling when you first leave home and arrive somewhere new," she once recalled. "When we woke up in the morning, just making coffee felt amazing. It felt like being so free – just to wake up and make coffee and look at our couch. Nothing beats that".[6] The y in her first name was an adolescent alteration in 1995.[9]
Career[edit]
1995–2002: Early work and breakthrough[edit]
After moving to Los Angeles in 1995, she began to work as a DJ, booking gigs in local clubs and performance venues.[6] While Sossamon was pursuing a career in dance, she actually never planned to become a professional dancer, recalling: "It was more like I just love to do this. It wasn't clear what I wanted, but I was fine with that. I had never needed a plan. I'm really good at feeling safe in the unknown in the aspect of planning your life".[10] Around that time, Sossamon established her early career by modeling for various companies including Sassy Magazine, Unionbay Clothing, American Eagle Outfitters, and Planned Parenthood. She appeared in two television commercials for Gap and in music videos for artists such as Daft Punk, The Goo Goo Dolls, Cher, and the rock group 9xdead. In 1997, Sossamon guest-starred as several characters in three episodes of Mr. Show with Bob and David,[11][12][13] and two years later, she was discovered by casting director Francine Maisler, while assisting a fellow DJ at Gwyneth Paltrow's brother's birthday party.[10]
Sossamon beat Kate Hudson for the lead female role in Brian Helgeland's medieval adventure dramedy A Knight's Tale, opposite Heath Ledger.[14] She was cast as Lady Jocelyn, the love interest of a peasant (Ledger) pretending to be a knight in the world of Middle Age jousting. The film premiered on May 11, 2001,[15] and received average reviews,[16] with her part getting an equally mixed response; Robin Clifford for Reeling Reviews concluded that Sossamon was "pretty but little more than an object of affection"[17] and Rob Blackwelder, of SPLICEDwire, called her role "the movie's weakest link", noting that although Sossamon was a "wonderfully wicked flirt", her character "isn't terribly well established and she's the most jarringly modern sight in this ancient tale".[18] A Knight's Tale garnered US$117,487,473 worldwide,[19] bringing Sossamon into mainstream audiences. It earned the actress two Teen Choice Awards nominations as well as three MTV Movie Awards nominations, including one for "Best Breakthrough Performance".[20][21][22]
In 2002, Sossamon starred in Miramax Films' romantic comedy 40 Days and 40 Nights, as Erica Sutton, the love interest of Josh Hartnett's character, Matt Sullivan. The movie depicts Sullivan as he meets Sutton during a period of his abstinence from any sexual contact for the duration of Lent. It received mixed reviews from critics, but was a major box office success, earning a worldwide total of US$95,146,283 on a production budget of US$17 million.[23] Sossamon's part gained critical acclaim in general; About.com noted that she was "already making a name for herself as a romantic leading lady. With starring roles opposite two of Hollywood's hottest young actors (Hartnett and Heath Ledger) under her belt, Shannyn's star is rising fast. Her exotic looks separate her from the pack, and her performances have, thus far, been exceptional".[24] Praising Sossamon and co-star Harnett, Elvis Mitchell wrote for The New York Times: "Mr. Hartnett matches up with Ms. Sossamon, and not only because their eyebrows signal that they are both Vulcans. She is a more direct performer; what she does is not acting – yet – but she can look as if she's listening. Her approach contrasts hilariously with his gentility".[25] Afterwards, both actors received a Teen Choice Award nomination for "Choice Film Chemistry".[26]
Sossamon subsequently played Lauren Hynde in Roger Avary's dark satirical ensemble The Rules of Attraction, an adaptation of the Bret Easton Ellis book of the same name. The picture, about promiscuous college student, included scenes of suicide, heavy drug use, and sexual contents. It received extremely mixed reviews from critics; most either loving it or hating it.[27][28] Critical response for Sossamon was more favorable, with website Joblo.com commenting that the actress was "very believable and empathetic" as her character.[29] David Noh, of Film Journal International found her performance "heartbreaking" and described it as "an uncanny blend of fragile-fey and urchin-tough, marked by a feverish wit which often proves her undoing as much as her salvation".[30] Also showing approval of her portrayal, director Avary remarked during an interview the actress was "like a wild animal you can't really control. What she does and what she brings is complete and honest truth to the scene. Something real", and author Ellis, stated that she "hasn't had much of a chance to shine before, but she's a star. She seems freer in this movie than she was before and is totally empathetic, which is a quality that doesn't come easily to most actors".[31] Rules of Attraction is considered a cult hit;[32] it grossed US$11,819,244 worldwide, almost tripling its budget (US$4 million).[33]
2003–05: Hiatus[edit]
Sossamon and Heath Ledger starred together again in Brian Helgeland's supernatural thriller The Order. The film revolved around the investigation of the suspicious death of an excommunicated priest and the discovery of a Sin Eater headquartered in Rome. It was released in late 2003, to extremely poor reviews;[34] Critical reception for Sossamon was average with 7M Pictures finding the movie "well acted" by the leads but eFilmCritic.com remarking that she, "so charming in both "A Knight's Tale and 40 Days and 40 Nights, is given very little to do besides utilize her 'tortured soul with dark eye makeup' schtick".[35][36] The movie also made little interest at the box office, opening at number six at the charts; it finished its theatrical run with US$11 million on a budget of US$35 million.[37]
After Sossamon filmed The Order, she became pregnant and took a hiatus from working on film productions; "It was almost like she was out on a lark, and she found herself in this big circumstance that she hadn't planned on, which I think made it easier for her to go off and have a baby and stop working", director Helgerland said on the actress' motherhood and subsequent acting break.[10] She has recalled seeing her acting career in a "total stop" after giving birth, but nevertheless described her absence on screen as a "blessing in disguise for many reasons".[38] Her only acting appearance of 2004 was a guest-starring role in the episode "Doubt" on the NBC series Law & Order: Special Victims Unit.[39][40][41]
Her next vehicle was the horror thriller Devour, in which she played Marisol, one of several friends who become increasingly addicted to a video game that has an evil agenda. A B movie, it did not received a theatrical release and instead, went directly-to-DVD in 2005.[42] Critical reception towards the picture was unanimously negative,[43] but a few reviewers showed approval of the cast members' performances, with DVD Talk noting that Sossamon, alongside co-star Dominique Swain, "do the best they can with the material they're given, but end up as not much more than eye-candy stuck in a sea of aimless gore and maddeningly vague plot droppings".[44] At the time, she made a cameo appearance in the black action comedy Kiss Kiss Bang Bang (2005).
Sossamon with Wristcutters director Goran Dukić at the 2006 Sundance Film Festival.
She played Josie in the dramedy Undiscovered, which followed a group of aspiring entertainers who intend to establish their careers in Los Angeles. Distributed for a limited release to certain parts of the United States only, the movie premiered on August 26, 2005,[45] to lackluster sales and critical failure.[46][47] Chasing Ghosts, a mystery thriller starring Sossamon, was released straight-to-video in late 2005. As Undiscovered, this movie received negative reviews[48] and was a box office bomb, failing to recoup its budget.[49]
2006–08:Wristcutters and Moonlight[edit]
Sossamon was cast as the female lead in the indie romantic black comedy Wristcutters: A Love Story, which was based on an Etgar Keret short story and co-starred Patrick Fugit, revolving around two characters who fall in love in purgatory after committing suicide. It was shown at both The Sundance Film Festival and The Seattle International Film Festival Awards in early 2006,[50][51] before going on to open in a limited theatrical run in October 2007.[52] The movie premiered to popular and critical acclaim,[53][54][55] garnering a cult following since then.[56][57][58] Sossamon, similarly, received a wide positive feedback for her performance; Variety magazine felt she made her character "feisty and alluring" in a "resigned goth-girl kind of way",[59] while Matthew Turner of View London remarked that she "gives her best performance to date."[60] Wristcutters was nominated for several awards, including Sundance's Grand Jury Prize, two Independent Spirit Awards, and the Humanitas Prize.[61]
She appeared as Maggie, Jack Black's girlfriend in Nancy Meyers's romantic comedy The Holiday.[62] The movie co-starred Kate Winslet, Cameron Diaz, and Jude Law,[63] and premiered in December 2006.[64] It was a major commercial success, with US$205,135,324 grossed worldwide.[65] On January 2, 2007, she debuted on Courteney Cox's drama series Dirt on FX.[66] Her role was Kira Klay, a troubled young drug-addicted actress who after realizing that she is pregnant, kills herself.[67] Her death happens in the pilot, where that is the only episode she is "alive." She appears in four more episodes as a ghostly figment of Ian Hart's character imagination, becoming a sort of love interest. Her last airdate was on March 27, 2007 (episode "Ita Missa Est").[67] She also starred in the horror movie Catacombs as Victoria, a young woman trying to find her way out of the Paris Catacombs while being pursued by a killer. It received a theatrical release in countries like Italy and Japan throughout 2007, but came out directly-to-DVD in United States in February 2008.[68][69] Catacombs and Sossamon generated mostly negative reviews; About.com wrote that her "Ambien-induced acting doesn't help matters",[70] and DVD Verdict stated: "This film is all Sossamon and I feel for her. Aside from the uninspired twist finale, her performance is comprised solely of gasping and looking worried and furrowing her brow and screaming and gazing worriedly at her flickering flashlight".[71]
Sossamon at the 2007 San Diego Comic-Con International.
Sossamon signed on as a series regular on CBS's vampire drama Moonlight, to play the character of Coraline Duvall. The series began airing on September 28, 2007, and was watched by 8.54 million viewers,[72] finishing first among total viewers and adults 18–49 for its night. CBS ordered a 16-episode first season, but over the season, viewership decreased to around 7.5 million viewers.[73][74] The series had a very large fan base, but despite fans' efforts, CBS canceled the series after the first season.
Sossamon starred as Beth Raymond in One Missed Call, a remake of Takashi Miike's 2003 Japanese horror film of the same name. It revolved around a group of college students who start receiving voice-mails from their future selves which include the date and time of their deaths. The movie had its U.S. premiere on January 4, 2008,[75] and fared "decently" on its opening weekend, with an estimated US$13.5 million in sales, as noted by Box Office Mojo.[76] It went on to gross US$45 million in theaters, on a production budget of US$20 million.[77] Reception towards the film was heavily negative, with critics describing it as one of the "weakest" J-horror remakes to be released.[78] Georgia Straight writer Steve Newton felt that Sossamon tried "desperately to bring some substance to her role", but the "preposterous script" made it a "lost cause".[79] Despite the critical reaction, the actress was nominated for the "Choice Film Actress – Horror" Award at the 2008 Teen Choice Awards.[80][81]
2009–12: Indie film route[edit]
She played Concetta, a woman faced with the challenges of raising her sick child and supporting her husband in the indie drama Life Is Hot in Cracktown, directed by Buddy Giovinazzo, and co-starring Kerry Washington, Lara Flynn Boyle and Brandon Routh. The movie was first screened at the 2009 Fantasia International Film Festival,[82] and received a limited theatrical release in June that year; it went to DVD two months later.[83] She also made a brief appearance in the romantic comedy Our Family Wedding and appeared as one of the leads in the thriller The Heavy, which had a U.S. straight-to-video release in April 2010. Around that time, she served as a feature jury at the 8th Indian Film Festival in Los Angeles.[84]
Sossamon signed on to play a recurring character (Gingy Wu) in the HBO television series How to Make It in America.[85] The series premiered in February 2010,[86] with the actress appearing in eight episodes throughout the show's first season. She created Maudegone Theater also in 2010, an online-video project under which she releases short and musical features directed by herself.[87] Eight videos have been premiered under the moniker as of 2013.[88] During an interview with Keba Robinson, of Hook and Line magazine, Sossamon explained hat her initiative for creating Maudegone was about having "some sort of control and do creative things and feel like it was something that I started. I like the feeling of independence and freedom".[89]
Sossamon starred in Monte Hellman's independent romantic thriller Road to Nowhere.[90] Her role was Lauren Graham, a non-professional actress invited to star in a movie by a director who falls in love with her. Sossamon was the first person to be cast in the film after writer Steven Gaydos saw her in a restaurant rehearsing a scene with another person. Reluctant, Gaydos gave the actress his card saying, "I don't do this often, but I wonder if you or your agent would contact [director] Monte Hellman".[91] The movie screened at the 67th Venice International Film Festival in September 2010,[92] and received a very limited theatrical release in the U.S the following year.[93] It generated mostly positive reactions from critics, with Sossamon's role gaining a similar response.[94] Kevin Thomas, of Los Angeles Times remarked that the film "ultimately stands on the beauty and talent of its femme fatale, and Shannyn Sossamon is so stunning and gifted she actually withstands a remark comparing her to Louise Brooks".[95] Meanwhile, Colin Convert for Star Tribune wrote in his review: "The key to the movie is casting the right femme fatale, and non-actress Shannyn Sossamon, the mystery woman's eerie doppelgänger, wins the part and her director's heart".[96] When asked in a 2013 interview about what roles she was most proud of to date, she responded that those she had played in Road to Nowhere and 2006's Wristcutters.[citation needed]
She was cast with Ashley Bell, Dominic Monaghan and Shawn Ashmore in the indie thriller The Day,[97] which follows a group of people fighting to stay alive in a post-apocalyptic future. The picture premiered at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival and later received a theatrical release in a limited run in August 2012.[98] It received generally mixed or average reviews;[99] while Los Angeles Times and New York Daily News praised the cast,[100][101] Blu-Ray.com and Paste magazine criticized Sossamon for "weaving in and out" of her character's southern accent.[102][103] In January 15, 2012, The Cyclist, a short film where Sossamon starred, premiered;[104] it was screened later that year at the Las Vegas Film Festival.[105]
She appeared in the indie romantic drama The End of Love as Lydia, a single mother and the love interest of Mark Webber's character. The movie debuted at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and opened theatrically in a limited run in March 2013. Reviews for the film were largely positive,[106] with Sossamon earning top notices. Chicago Sun-Times critic Charlie Schmidlin concluded that the actress "radiates warmth" and noted that her part in the movie "is the most natural and welcome performance I've seen from her".[107] The Hollywood Reporter and Time Out found Shannyn "captivating" and "enormously appealing", respectively.[108][109]
2013–present: Television work[edit]
Sossamon then appeared in Desire, another short feature and a collaboration between Jaguar and Ridley Scott Associates, to help kick off the 2014 Jaguar F-Type.[110] The 13-minute video, directed by Adam Smith and co-starring Damian Lewis, is about a car delivery man who gets caught up in a dangerous chase involving a woman in trouble (who is played by Sossamon).[111] It had initially a debut at the 2013 Sundance London Film and Music Festival and was then posted on YouTube.[112] On June 30, 2013, she debuted as Alex in the ABC drama Mistresses.[113] Her character had a "multi-episode arc" during the first season of the series,[114] with her last airdate being September 2 (episode "When One Door Closes...").[115] Sossamon accepted the role as it was a "softer character" for her to play, given she had been in a career hiatus due to her second pregnancy.[116] At the time, it was announced that Sossamon was cast to play one of the main parts in M. Night Shyamalan's limited series for FOX, Wayward Pines.[117] Her role was Theresa Burke, the wife of Matt Dillon's character,[118] and the show premiered on May 14, 2015.[119][120] Wayward Pines received mostly favorable reviews from critics[121] and after a debut described as "soft" by Deadline,[122] viewership for the series grew in subsequent episodes.[123][124][125]
She provided her voice for a character named Lorna during an episode of Over the Garden Wall, which aired on November 6, 2014 ("Chapter 7: The Ringing of the Bell").[126] She next had starring role in the supernatural horror sequel Sinister 2,[127] where she played a mother whose sons are tormented by ghostly children. The movie was released worldwide on August 21, 2015,[128][129][130] generating overwhelmingly negative reviews from critics.[131] However, it has grossed over US$48 million on a budget of US$10 million.[132][133] Sossamon plays Pandora in the season three of FOX's Sleepy Hollow, where she is a series regular. She also has a main part in a short film called Limina, directed by Florian Halbedl and Joshua M. Ferguson under their production company, Turbid Lake Pictures.[134] She plays Maria, a woman "whose mourning process is influenced by a curious gender-fluid child".[135]
Personal life[edit]
Relationships and family[edit]
Sossamon dated children's book illustrator and author Dallas Clayton from 2002 to 2004. They have a son, Audio Science Clayton, born on May 29, 2003.[136] Though she admitted not being prepared for being a parent, she put aside acting more or less for the next few years to focus on raising her child: "I wasn't ready to be a mom. But if you have any desire to be a better person, having a baby kicks it right into gear. Now I'm a better actress and a better mother".[137] In March 2012, Sossamon announced that she had given birth to her second son, Mortimer.[138][139] In 2015, Sossamon stated during an interview with Details magazine that she was in a "committed relationship" with Mortimer's father.[140]
Music and interests[edit]
Besides acting, Sossamon continues to study music and dance. After having Audio Science, she started to play guitar frequently, with lessons about four days a week, as she wanted to create a band with her sister Jenny Lee Lindberg, who knew how to play the bass. Shortly afterwards, they joined Warpaint, an indie rock and psychedelic band formed in Los Angeles.[141] As all the members were playing the guitar at the beginning, she became the drummer of the group: "When we all started the band together, no one was playing drums, it was like all of us on guitars, I was on guitar with them, and we needed a drummer. We tried out a pool of drummers and then one day I was just practicing, I just decided to sit on the drum kit and it really worked and I had so much fun".[89]
Her sole recording with Warpaint before she left the group to focus on her acting career was the 2008 EP, Exquisite Corpse. When asked about pursuing a musical career as a solo artist following her work with the band, Sossamon responded that although she writes a lot of songs by herself, "it just requires focus and discipline in a way that I need to have for other things right now".[89] Despite her musical work, Sossamon has clarified she rarely calls herself a musician, as she does not "practice or play nearly as much as the great ones do. Most of my days and thoughts are taken up by stories, feelings, and pictures. Music is present in them, too, but always having to do with a picture. When I work with musicians, I actually just see them as actors or performers in general that day. I don’t separate them from the duties they are to perform that day".[142]
Filmography[edit]
Film
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2001
Knight's Tale, AA Knight's Tale
Jocelyn
2002
40 Days and 40 Nights
Erica Sutton
2002
Rules of Attraction, TheThe Rules of Attraction
Lauren Hynde
2003
Wholey Moses
Max Short film
2003
Order, TheThe Order
Mara Sinclair
2005
Devour
Marisol
2005
Chasing Ghosts
Taylor Spencer
2005
I Hate You Leilani
Jo Short film
2005
Double, TheThe Double
Melanie Short film
2005
Undiscovered
Josie
2005
Kiss Kiss Bang Bang
Pink Hair Girl
2006
Wristcutters: A Love Story
Mikal
2006
Holiday, TheThe Holiday
Maggie
2007
Catacombs
Victoria
2008
One Missed Call
Beth Raymond
2009
Life Is Hot in Cracktown
Concetta
2010
Our Family Wedding
Ashley McPhee
2010
Heavy, TheThe Heavy
Claire
2010
Road to Nowhere
Laurel Graham
Velma Duran
2011
Day, TheThe Day
Shannon
2011
Fight for Your Right Revisited
Café Patron Short film
2012
The End of Love
Lydia
2012
The Cyclist
Girl Short film
2013
Desire
Melody Short film
2015
Sinister 2
Courtney Collins
Television
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1997
Mr. Show
Fashion Model
Girl
Trophy Presenter "Peanut Butter, Eggs, and Dice" (episode two, season three)
"Oh, You Men" (episode three, season three)
"Flat Top Tony and the Purple Canoes" (episode four, season three)
2004
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit
Myra Denning "Doubt" (episode eight, season six)
2007
Dirt
Kira Klay Recurring role (season one); 5 episodes
2007–2008
Moonlight
Coraline Series regular; 10 episodes
2010
How to Make It in America
Gingy Wu Recurring role (season one); 8 episodes
2013
Mistresses
Alex Recurring role (season one); 8 episodes
2014
Over the Garden Wall
Lorna (voice) "Chapter 7: The Ringing of the Bell" (episode seven, season one)
2015–16
Wayward Pines
Theresa Burke Series regular (season one)
Recurring role (season two); 14 episodes
2015–16
Sleepy Hollow
Pandora Series regular (season three); 18 episodes
Video games
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2012
Hitman: Absolution
Jade Nguyen Voice
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Work
Result
2001
Teen Choice Award
Choice Movie: Breakout Star A Knight's Tale Nominated
2001
Teen Choice Award
Choice Movie: Chemistry (shared with Heath Ledger) A Knight's Tale Nominated
2002
MTV Movie Award
Best Breakthrough Performance A Knight's Tale Nominated
2002
MTV Movie Award
Best Kiss (shared with Heath Ledger) A Knight's Tale Nominated
2002
MTV Movie Award
Best Musical Sequence (shared with Heath Ledger) A Knight's Tale Nominated
2002
Teen Choice Award
Choice Movie: Chemistry (shared with Josh Hartnett) 40 Days and 40 Nights Nominated
2002
Young Hollywood Award
Breakthrough Female Performance N/A Won
2008
Teen Choice Award
Choice Movie Actress: Horror/Thriller One Missed Call Nominated
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ "Jaguar releases Desire short film starring F-Type and Damian Lewis". Autoblog.
Jump up ^ "Shannyn Sossamon joins ABC's Mistresses". digitalspy.co.uk. July 10, 2012.
Jump up ^ "'Mistresses': Shannyn Sossamon Makes a Scandalous Move (Exclusive Photos)". hollywoodreporter.com.
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External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shannyn Sossamon.
Shannyn Sossamon on IMDb
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v
t
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Warpaint
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WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 32229824
LCCN: no2003054880
ISNI: 0000 0001 1616 2408
SUDOC: 070863326
BNF: cb14511870d (data)
MusicBrainz: a6eed316-0584-4749-af2e-e8eca4dd9e34
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shannyn_Sossamon&oldid=823993727"
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