text:
Tasmania
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Tasmania (disambiguation).
"Tasmanian people" redirects here. For "first nation" Tasmanians, see Aboriginal Tasmanians.
Tasmania
Flag Coat of arms
Slogan or nickname
The Island of Inspiration;
The Apple Isle;
Holiday Isle
Motto(s)
Ubertas et Fidelitas
(Fertility and Faithfulness)

Other Australian states and territories
Coordinates
42°S 147°E / 42°S 147°E / -42; 147Coordinates: 42°S 147°E / 42°S 147°E / -42; 147
Capital city
Hobart
Demonym
Tasmanian
Government
Constitutional monarchy
• Governor
Kate Warner
• Premier
Will Hodgman (LP)
Australian state
• Established as Van Diemen's Land
1825
• Responsible govt.
(as Tasmania)
1856
• Became state
1901
• Australia Act
3 March 1986
Area
• Total
68,401 km² (7th)
26,410 sq mi
• Land
67,031 km²
25,881 sq mi
• Water
1,370.42 km² (2%)
529 sq mi
Population
(March 2017)[1]
• Population
520,100 (6th)
• Density
7.74/km² (4th)
20 /sq mi
Elevation
• Highest point
Mount Ossa
1,617 m (5,305 ft)[2]
Gross state product
(2014–15)
• Product ($m)
$28,207[3] (7th)
• Product per capita
$44,011 (8th)
Time zone(s)
UTC+10 (AEST)
UTC+11 (AEDT)
Federal representation
• House seats
5/150
• Senate seats
12/76
Abbreviations
• Postal
TAS
• ISO 3166-2
AU-TAS
Emblems
• Floral
Tasmanian blue gum
(Eucalyptus globulus)[4]
• Animal
Tasmanian devil
(Sarcophilus harrisii)[5]
• Bird
Yellow wattlebird (unofficial)
(Anthochaera paradoxa)[6]
• Mineral or gemstone
Crocoite[7]
(PbCrO4)[8]
• Colours
Dark green, red & gold
Website
www.tas.gov.au
Footnotes
[9][10]
Tasmania from space
Tasmania (/tæzˈmeɪniə/;,[11] abbreviated as Tas and known colloquially as "Tassie") is an island state of Australia. It is located 240 km (150 mi) to the south of the Australian mainland, separated by the Bass Strait. The state encompasses the main island of Tasmania, the 26th-largest island in the world, and the surrounding 334 islands.[12] The state has a population of around 519,100[13] as of June 2016[update], just over forty percent of which resides in the Greater Hobart precinct, which forms the metropolitan area of the state capital and largest city, Hobart.
Tasmania's area is 68,401 km2 (26,410 sq mi), of which the main island covers 64,519 km2 (24,911 sq mi).[14] Promoted as a natural state; protected areas of Tasmania cover about 42% of the land area of the state, which includes national parks and World Heritage Sites.[15] Tasmania was the founding place of the first environmental party in the world.[16] Though an island state, due to a mapping error the state shares a land border with Victoria at its northernmost terrestrial point, Boundary Islet, a nature reserve in Bass Strait. The Bishop and Clerk Islets, about 37 km south of Macquarie Island, are the southernmost terrestrial point of the state of Tasmania, and the southernmost internationally recognised land in Australia.
The island is believed to have been occupied by Aboriginals for 40,000 years before British colonisation. It is thought Tasmanian Aboriginals were separated from the mainland Aboriginal groups about 10,000 years ago when the sea rose to form Bass Strait.[17] The Aboriginal population was estimated to have been between 3,000 and 7,000 at the time of colonisation, but was almost wiped out within 30 years by a combination of violent guerrilla conflict with settlers known as the "Black War", intertribal conflict, and from the late 1820s, the spread of infectious diseases to which they had no immunity. The conflict, which peaked between 1825 and 1831 and led to more than three years of martial law, cost the lives of almost 1100 Aboriginals and settlers. The near-destruction of Tasmania's Aboriginal population has been described by some historians as an act of genocide by the British.
The island was permanently settled in 1803 as a penal settlement of the British Empire to prevent claims to the land by the First French Empire during the Napoleonic Wars; around 75,000 convicts were sent to Van Diemen's Land before transportation ceased in 1853.[18] The island was initially part of the Colony of New South Wales, but became a separate, self-governing colony under the name Van Diemen's Land (named after Anthony van Diemen) in 1825. In 1854 the present Constitution of Tasmania was passed and the following year the state received permission to change its name to Tasmania. In 1901 it became a state through the process of the Federation of Australia.
Contents
[hide]
1 Toponymy
2 History
2.1 Physical history
2.2 Indigenous people
2.3 European arrival and governance
2.3.1 Black War
2.3.2 Removal of Aborigines
2.3.3 Proclamation as a separate colony
2.4 1969–2010s
3 Government
3.1 Politics
3.2 Local government
4 Geography
4.1 Climate
4.2 Soils
5 Ecology
6 Demography
7 Economy
8 Culture
8.1 Cuisine
8.2 Events
8.3 Literature
8.4 Media
8.5 Music and performing arts
8.6 Tasmanian cinema
8.7 Visual arts
9 Transport
9.1 Air
9.2 Antarctica base
9.3 Road
9.4 Rail
9.5 Shipping
10 Sport
11 Notable people
11.1 Politicians
11.2 Actors
11.3 Authors
11.4 Sports persons
11.5 Musicians and composers
12 Gallery
13 See also
14 References
15 Further reading
16 External links
Toponymy[edit]
The state is named after Dutch explorer Abel Tasman, who made the first reported European sighting of the island on 24 November 1642. Tasman named the island "Anthony van Diemen's Land" after his sponsor Anthony van Diemen, the Governor of the Dutch East Indies. The name was later shortened to Van Diemen's Land by the British. It was officially renamed Tasmania in honour of its first European discoverer on 1 January 1856.[19]
Tasmania was sometimes referred to as "Dervon", as mentioned in the Jerilderie Letter written by the notorious Australian bushranger Ned Kelly in 1879. The colloquial expression for the state is "Tassie". Tasmania is also colloquially shortened to "Tas", especially when used in business names and website addresses. TAS is also the Australia Post abbreviation for the state.
The reconstructed Palawa kani language name for Tasmania is Lutriwita.[20]
History[edit]
Main article: History of Tasmania
Physical history[edit]
Main article: Geology of Tasmania
Tessellated pavement, a rare rock formation on the Tasman Peninsula
Autumn on the Derwent River in Tasmania
The island was adjoined to the mainland of Australia until the end of the last glacial period about 10,000 years ago. Much of the island is composed of Jurassic dolerite intrusions (upwellings of magma) through other rock types, sometimes forming large columnar joints. Tasmania has the world's largest areas of dolerite, with many distinctive mountains and cliffs formed from this rock type. The central plateau and the southeast portions of the island are mostly dolerite. Mount Wellington above Hobart is a good example, showing distinct columns known as the Organ Pipes.
In the southern midlands as far south as Hobart, the dolerite is underlaid by sandstone and similar sedimentary stones. In the southwest, Precambrian quartzites were formed from very ancient sea sediments and form strikingly sharp ridges and ranges, such as Federation Peak or Frenchmans Cap.
In the northeast and east, continental granites can be seen, such as at Freycinet, similar to coastal granites on mainland Australia. In the northwest and west, mineral-rich volcanic rock can be seen at Mount Read near Rosebery, or at Mount Lyell near Queenstown. Also present in the south and northwest is limestone with caves.
The quartzite and dolerite areas in the higher mountains show evidence of glaciation, and much of Australia's glaciated landscape is found on the Central Plateau and the Southwest. Cradle Mountain, another dolerite peak, for example, was a nunatak. The combination of these different rock types offers incredible scenery, much of it distinct from any other region of the world. In the far southwest corner of the state, the geology is almost completely quartzite, which gives the mountains the false impression of having snow-capped peaks year round.
Indigenous people[edit]
Main article: Tasmanian Aborigines
Evidence indicates the presence of Aborigines in Tasmania about 40,000 years ago. Rising sea levels cut Tasmania off from mainland Australia about 10,000 years ago and by the time of European contact, the Aboriginal people in Tasmania had nine major nations, or ethnic groups.[17] At the time of the British occupation and colonisation in 1803 the indigenous population was estimated at between 3,000 and 10,000. Historian Lyndall Ryan's analysis of population studies led her to conclude that there were about 7,000 spread throughout the island's nine nations;[21] Nicholas Clements, citing research by N.J.B. Plomley and Rhys Jones, settled on a figure of 3,000 to 4,000.[22] They engaged in fire-stick farming, hunted game including kangaroo and wallabies, caught seals, mutton-birds, shellfish and fish and lived as nine separate "nations" on the island, which they knew as "Trouwunna".
European arrival and governance[edit]
Melchisedech Thevenot (1620?-1692): Map of New Holland 1644, based on a map by the Dutch cartographer Joan Blaeu.
The first reported sighting of Tasmania by a European was on 24 November 1642 by Dutch explorer Abel Tasman, who landed at today's Blackmans Bay. More than a century later, in 1772, a French expedition led by Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne also landed at Blackmans Bay, and the following year Tobias Furneaux became the first Englishman to land in Tasmania when he arrived at Adventure Bay. Captain James Cook landed at Adventure Bay in 1777. Matthew Flinders and George Bass sailed through Bass Strait in 1798–99, determining for the first time that Tasmania was an island.[23]
Mount Wellington and Hobart from Kangaroo Point, c. 1834
Sealers and whalers based themselves on Tasmania's islands from 1798,[24] and in August 1803 New South Wales Governor Philip King sent Lieutenant John Bowen to establish a small military outpost on the eastern shore of the Derwent River in order to forestall any claims to the island by French explorers who had been exploring the southern Australian coastline. Bowen, who led a party of 49, including 21 male and three female convicts, named the camp Risdon.[23][25] Several months later a second settlement was established by Captain David Collins, with 308 convicts, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the south in Sullivans Cove on the western side of the Derwent, where fresh water was more plentiful. The latter settlement became known as Hobart Town or Hobarton, later shortened to Hobart, after the British Colonial Secretary of the time, Lord Hobart. The settlement at Risdon was later abandoned. Left on their own without further supplies, the Sullivans Cove settlement suffered severe food shortages and by 1806 its inhabitants were starving, with many resorting to scraping seaweed off rocks and scavenging washed-up whale blubber from the shore to survive.[23]
A smaller colony was established at Port Dalrymple on the Tamar River in the island's north in October 1804 and several other convict-based settlements were established, including the particularly harsh penal colonies at Port Arthur in the southeast and Macquarie Harbour on the West Coast. Tasmania was eventually sent 65,000 convicts—four out of every ten people transported to Australia.[23] By 1819 the Aboriginal and British population reached parity with about 5000 of each, although among the colonists men outnumbered women four to one.[26] Wealthy middle-class free settlers began arriving in large numbers from 1820, lured by the promise of land grants and free convict labour. Settlement in the island's northwest corner was monopolised by the Van Diemen's Land Company, which sent its first surveyors to the district in 1826. By 1830 one-third of Australia's non-Indigenous population lived in Van Diemen's Land and the island accounted for about half of all land under cultivation and exports.[27]
Black War[edit]
Main article: Black War
Tensions between Tasmania's black and white inhabitants rose, partly driven by increasing competition for kangaroo and other game.[28][29] Explorer and naval officer John Oxley in 1810 noted the "many atrocious cruelties" inflicted on Aboriginals by convict bushrangers in the north, which in turn led to black attacks on solitary white hunters.[30] Hostilities increased further with the arrival of 600 colonists from Norfolk Island between 1807 and 1813. They established farms along the River Derwent and east and west of Launceston, occupying 10 percent of Van Diemen's Land. By 1824 the colonial population had swelled to 12,600, while the island's sheep population had reached 200,000. The rapid colonisation transformed traditional kangaroo hunting grounds into farms with grazing livestock as well as fences, hedges and stone walls, while police and military patrols were increased to control the convict farm labourers.[31]
Violence began to spiral rapidly from the mid-1820s in what became known as the "Black War". While black inhabitants were driven to desperation by dwindling food supplies as well as anger at the prevalence of abductions of women and girls, whites carried out attacks as a means of exacting revenge and suppressing the native threat. Van Diemen's Land had an enormous gender imbalance, with male colonists outnumbering females six to one in 1822—and 16 to one among the convict population. Historian Nicholas Clements has suggested the "voracious appetite" for native women was the most important trigger for the explosion of violence from the late 1820s.[32]
Four elderly full-blood Tasmanian Aborigines c. 1860s. Truganini, for many years claimed to be the last full-blood Aboriginal to survive, is seated at far right.
From 1825 to 1828 the number of native attacks more than doubled each year, raising panic among settlers. Over the summer of 1826–7 clans from the Big River, Oyster Bay and North Midlands nations speared stock-keepers on farms and made it clear that they wanted the settlers and their sheep and cattle to move from their kangaroo hunting grounds. Settlers responded vigorously, resulting in many mass-killings. In November 1826 Governor George Arthur issued a government notice declaring that colonists were free to kill Aborigines when they attacked settlers or their property and in the following eight months more than 200 Aborigines were killed in the Settled Districts in reprisal for the deaths of 15 colonists. After another eight months the death toll had risen to 43 colonists and probably 350 Aboriginals.[33] Almost 300 British troops were sent into the Settled Districts, and in November 1828 Arthur declared martial law, giving soldiers the right to shoot on sight any Aboriginal in the Settled Districts. Martial law would remain in force for more than three years, the longest period of martial law in Australian history.[34][35]
In November 1830 Arthur organised the so-called "Black Line", ordering every able-bodied male colonist to assemble at one of seven designated places in the Settled Districts to join a massive drive to sweep Aboriginals out of the region and on to the Tasman Peninsula. The campaign failed and was abandoned seven weeks later, but by then Tasmania's Aboriginal population had fallen to about 300.
Removal of Aborigines[edit]
After hostilities between settlers and Aboriginals ceased in 1832, almost all of the remnants of the indigenous population were persuaded or forced by government agent George Augustus Robinson to move to Flinders Island. Many quickly succumbed to infectious diseases to which they had no immunity, reducing the population further.[36][37] Of those removed from Tasmania, the last to die was Truganini, in 1876. The near-destruction of Tasmania's Aboriginal population has been described as an act of genocide by historians including Robert Hughes, James Boyce, Lyndall Ryan and Tom Lawson.[23][38][39] Boyce has claimed that the April 1828 "Proclamation Separating the Aborigines from the White Inhabitants" sanctioned force against Aboriginals "for no other reason than that they were Aboriginal" and described the decision to remove all Tasmanian Aborigines after 1832—by which time they had given up their fight against white colonists—as an extreme policy position. He concluded: "The colonial government from 1832 to 1838 ethnically cleansed the western half of Van Diemen's Land and then callously left the exiled people to their fate."[40]
Proclamation as a separate colony[edit]
Van Diemen's Land—which thus far had existed as a territory within the colony of New South Wales—was proclaimed a separate colony, with its own judicial establishment and Legislative Council, on 3 December 1825. Transportation to the island ceased in 1853 and the colony was renamed Tasmania in 1856, partly to differentiate the burgeoning society of free settlers from the island's convict past.[41]
A convict ploughing team breaking up new ground at the farm at Port Arthur.
The Legislative Council of Van Diemen's Land drafted a new constitution which it passed in 1854. The following year the Privy Council approved the colony changing its name from "Van Diemen's Land" to "Tasmania", and in 1856 the newly elected bicameral parliament sat for the first time, establishing Tasmania as a self-governing colony of the British Empire.
The colony suffered from economic fluctuations, but for the most part was prosperous, experiencing steady growth. With few external threats and strong trade links with the Empire, Tasmania enjoyed many fruitful periods in the late 19th century, becoming a world-centre of shipbuilding. It raised a local defence force that eventually played a significant role in the Second Boer War in South Africa, and Tasmanian soldiers in that conflict won the first two Victoria Crosses awarded to Australians.
In 1901 the Colony of Tasmania united with the five other Australian colonies to form the Commonwealth of Australia. Tasmanians voted in favour of federation with the largest majority of all the Australian colonies.
For more details on this topic, see Colony of Tasmania.
1969–2010s[edit]
The state was badly affected by the 1967 Tasmanian fires, in which there was major loss of life and property. In the 1970s the state government announced plans to flood environmentally significant Lake Pedder. As a result of the eventual flooding of Lake Pedder, the world's first greens party was established; the United Tasmania Group.
In 1975 the Tasman Bridge collapsed when the bridge was struck by the bulk ore carrier MV Lake Illawarra. It was the only bridge in the city, and made crossing the Derwent River by road at Hobart impossible. The nearest bridge was approximately 20 km to the north, at Bridgewater.
National and international attention surrounded the campaign against the Franklin Dam in the early 1980s.
On 28 April 1996, in the incident now known as the Port Arthur massacre, lone gunman Martin Bryant shot and killed 35 people (including tourists and residents) and injured 21 others. The use of firearms was immediately reviewed, and new gun ownership laws were adopted nationwide, with Tasmania's law one of the strictest in Australia.
In April 2006 the Beaconsfield Mine collapse was triggered by a small earthquake. One person was killed and two others were trapped underground for 14 days.
The Tasmanian community has for some time been divided over the issue of the proposed Bell Bay Pulp Mill to be built in the Tamar Valley. Proponents argue that jobs will be created, while opponents argue that pollution will damage both the Bass Strait fishing industry and local tourism.
In January 2011 wealthy philanthropist David Walsh opened the Museum of Old and New Art (MONA) in Hobart to international acclaim. Within 12 months, MONA became Tasmania's top tourism attraction.[42]
Port Arthur
Government[edit]
Main article: Government of Tasmania
Parliament House, Hobart
The form of the government of Tasmania is prescribed in its constitution, which dates from 1856, although it has been amended many times since then. Since 1901, Tasmania has been a state of the Commonwealth of Australia, and the Australian Constitution regulates its relationship with the Commonwealth and prescribes which powers each level of government enjoys.
Politics[edit]
Main articles: Governors of Tasmania and Parliament of Tasmania
Tasmania is a State in the Australian federation. Its relationship with the Federal Government and Parliament are regulated by the Australian Constitution. Tasmania is represented in the Senate by 12 senators, on an equal basis with all other states. In the House of Representatives, Tasmania is entitled to five seats, which is the minimum allocation for a state guaranteed by the Constitution—the number of House of Representatives seats for each state is otherwise decided on the basis of their relative populations, and Tasmania has never qualified for five seats on that basis alone. Tasmania's House of Assembly use a system of multi-seat proportional representation known as Hare-Clark.
At the 2002 state election, the Labor Party won 14 of the 25 House seats. The Liberal Party saw their percentage of the vote decrease dramatically, and their representation in the Parliament fell to seven seats. The Greens won four seats, with over 18% of the popular vote, the highest proportion of any Green party in any parliament in the world at that time.
Composition of the Parliament of Tasmania
Political
Party
House of
Assembly
Legislative
Council
ALP 7 3
Liberal 15 2
Greens 3 0
Independent 0 10
Source: Tasmanian Electoral Commission
On 23 February 2004 the Premier Jim Bacon announced his retirement, after being diagnosed with lung cancer. In his last months he opened a vigorous anti-smoking campaign which included many restrictions of where individuals could smoke, such as pubs. He died four months later. Bacon was succeeded by Paul Lennon, who, after leading the state for two years, went on to win the 2006 state election in his own right. Lennon resigned in 2008 and was succeeded by David Bartlett, who formed a coalition government with the Greens after the 2010 state election resulted in a hung parliament. Bartlett resigned as Premier in January 2011 and was replaced by Lara Giddings, who became Tasmania's first female Premier. In March 2014 Will Hodgman's Liberal Party won government, ending sixteen years of Labor governance, and ending an eight-year period for Hodgman himself as Leader of the Opposition.[43]
Tasmania has numerous relatively unspoiled, ecologically valuable regions. Proposals for local economic development have therefore been faced with strong requirements for environmental sensitivity, or outright opposition. In particular, proposals for hydroelectric power generation proved controversial in the late 20th century. In the 1970s, opposition to the construction of the Lake Pedder reservoir impoundment led to the formation of the world's first green party, the United Tasmania Group.[44][44]
In the early 1980s the state was again plunged into often bitter debate over the proposed Franklin River Dam. The anti-dam sentiment was shared by many Australians outside Tasmania and proved a factor in the election of the Hawke Labor government in 1983, which halted construction of the dam. Since the 1980s the environmental focus has shifted to old growth logging and mining in the Tarkine region, which have both proved highly divisive. The Tasmania Together process recommended an end to clear felling in high conservation old growth forests by January 2003, but was unsuccessful.
Local government[edit]
Tasmania has 29 local government areas. Local councils are responsible for functions delegated by the Tasmanian parliament, such as urban planning, road infrastructure and waste management. Council revenue comes mostly from property taxes and government grants.
As with the House of Assembly, Tasmania's local government elections use a system of multi-seat proportional representation known as Hare–Clark. Local government elections take place every four years and are conducted by the Tasmanian Electoral Commission by full postal ballot. The next local government elections will be held during September and October 2018.
Geography[edit]
Topography of Tasmania
A lavender farm in Nabowla
Dove Lake and Cradle Mountain, Central Tasmanian Highlands
Wineglass Bay, in Freycinet National Park
North Coast of Tasmania
Tasmania's landmass of 68,401 km2 (26,410 sq mi) is located directly in the pathway of the notorious "Roaring Forties" wind that encircles the globe. To its north, it is separated from mainland Australia by Bass Strait. Tasmania is the only Australian state that is not located on the Australian mainland. Depending on which borders of the oceans are used, the island can be said to be either surrounded by the Southern Ocean, or to have the Pacific on its east and the Indian to its west. Still other definitions of the ocean boundaries would have Tasmania with the Great Australian Bight to the west, and the Tasman Sea to the east.
Tasmania has been volcanically inactive in recent geological times but has many jagged peaks resulting from recent glaciation. Tasmania is the most mountainous state in Australia. The most mountainous region is the Central Highlands area, which covers most of the central western parts of the state. The Midlands located in the central east, is fairly flat, and is predominantly used for agriculture, although farming activity is scattered throughout the state. Tasmania's tallest mountain is Mount Ossa at 1,617 m (5,305 ft). The mountain lies in the heart of the world-famous Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park.[2][45] Much of Tasmania is still densely forested, with the Southwest National Park and neighbouring areas holding some of the last temperate rain forests in the Southern Hemisphere.
The Tarkine, containing Savage River National Park located in the island's far north west, is the largest temperate rainforest area in Australia covering about 3,800 square kilometres (1,500 sq mi).[46] With its rugged topography, Tasmania has a great number of rivers. Several of Tasmania's largest rivers have been dammed at some point to provide hydroelectricity. Many rivers begin in the Central Highlands and flow out to the coast. Tasmania's major population centres are mainly situated around estuaries (some of which are named rivers).
The Derwent River flows south east and reaches the coast at Hobart; the Tamar River flows north from Launceston; the Mersey River also flows north to the North West Coast at Devonport; the Franklin and Gordon Rivers flow west and meet the coast at Strahan. The South Esk River is the longest river in Tasmania. It starts in the mountains at Fingal and flows through Avoca, Evandale, Longford, Hadspen and finally Launceston. The river is dammed at Launceston's Trevallyn Dam and used for the city's hydroelectricity. Although most of the water is dammed at Lake Trevallyn, some flows on into the Cataract Gorge, where it becomes a tributary to the Tamar Estuary, and the outflow from the power station also joins the Tamar River downstream of Launceston.[47]
The state of Tasmania shares a land border with Victoria at its northernmost terrestrial point, Boundary Islet, a nature reserve in Bass Strait.[48] Tasmania (the state) also includes Macquarie Island, situated 1,500 km south of the state, and approximately halfway between New Zealand and the Antarctic mainland, along with neighbouring island groups Judge and Clerk Islets 11 km north and Bishop and Clerk Islets about 37 km south of Macquarie Island. The latter include the southernmost terrestrial point of the state of Tasmania, and the southernmost internationally recognised land in Australia.[citation needed]
Climate[edit]
See also: Climate of Tasmania
Knyvet Falls near Cradle Mountain, Tasmania
Moulting Lagoon and Great Oyster Bay with the Freycinet Peninsula in the distance
Tasmania has a cool temperate climate with four distinct seasons.[49] Summer is from December to February when the average maximum sea temperature is 21 °C (70 °F) and inland areas around Launceston reach 24 °C (75 °F). Other inland areas are much cooler, with Liawenee, located on the Central Plateau, one of the coldest places in Australia, ranging between 4 °C (39 °F) and 17 °C (63 °F) in February. Autumn is from March to May, with mostly settled weather, as summer patterns gradually take on the shape of winter patterns.[50] The winter months are from June to August, and are generally the wettest and coolest months in the state, with most high lying areas receiving considerable snowfall. Winter maximums are 12 °C (54 °F) on average along coastal areas and 3 °C (37 °F) on the central plateau, as a result of a series of cold fronts from the Southern Ocean. Inland areas receive regular freezes throughout the winter months.[51] Spring is from September to November, and is an unsettled season of transition, where winter weather patterns begin to take the shape of summer patterns, although snowfall is still common up until October. Spring is generally the windiest time of the year with afternoon sea breezes starting to take effect on the coast.
City
Mean Min. Temp °C
Mean Max. Temp °C
No. Clear days
Rainfall (mm)
Hobart 8.3 16.9 41 616[52]
Launceston 7.2 18.4 50 666[53]
Devonport 8.1 16.8 61 778[54]
Strahan 7.9 16.5 41 1,458[55]
Soils[edit]
An apple orchard in the "Apple Isle".
Despite the presence of some Quaternary glaciation, Tasmania's soils are not more fertile than those of mainland Australia, largely because most are severely leached and the areas with driest climates (least leaching) were unaffected by glaciation or alluvia derived therefrom. Most soils on the Bass Strait Islands, the east coast and western Tasmania are very infertile spodosols or psamments, with some even less fertile "lateritic podzolic soils" in the latter region. Most of these lands are thus not used for agriculture, but there is much productive forestry—which remains one of the state's major industries.
On the north coast, apart from some relatively fertile alluvial soils used for fruit-growing, there are also deep red, easily workable soils known as "krasnozems" ("red land"). These soils are highly acidic and fix phosphate very effectively, but their extremely favourable physical properties make them extensively used for dairying, beef cattle and fodder crops.
The Midlands and the Lower Derwent present a different story from the rest of the state. Owing to a relatively dry climate and alkaline (mostly dolerite) parent material, these soils are relatively unleached and contain lime in the deeper subsoil. They are mostly classified as "prairie soils" or "brown earths" and bear some resemblance to the chernozems of Russia and North America, although they are much lower in available phosphorus and somewhat acidic in the surface levels. Their higher nutrient levels, however, allow them to support productive pasture, and large numbers of sheep are grazed in these regions. Some grain crops are also grown in the driest areas. In the alluvial areas of southeastern Tasmania, rich alluvial soils permit apples to be grown.
Tasmania became known as the "Apple Isle" because for many years it was one of the world's major apple producers. Apples are still grown in large numbers, particularly in southern Tasmania, and have the distinction of being the first approved by the Japanese government for import, due to their verifiable pest-free status.[56]
Ecology[edit]
Main article: Flora and fauna of Tasmania
Geographically and genetically isolated, Tasmania is known for its unique flora and fauna. Tasmania has extremely diverse vegetation, from the heavily grazed grassland of the dry Midlands to the tall evergreen eucalypt forest, alpine heathlands and large areas of cool temperate rainforests and moorlands in the rest of the state. Many flora species are unique to Tasmania, and some are related to species in South America and New Zealand through ancestors which grew on the super continent of Gondwana, 50 million years ago.
The island of Tasmania was home to the thylacine, a marsupial which resembled a Fossa (animal) or some say a wild dog. Known colloquially as the Tasmanian tiger for the distinctive striping across its back, it became extinct in mainland Australia much earlier because of competition by the dingo, introduced in prehistoric times. Owing to persecution by farmers, government-funded bounty hunters and, in the final years, collectors for overseas museums, it appears to have been exterminated in Tasmania. The Tasmanian devil became the largest carnivorous marsupial in the world following the extinction of the thylacine in 1936, and is now found in the wild only in Tasmania. Tasmania was one of the last regions of Australia to be introduced to domesticated dogs. Dogs were brought from Britain in 1803 for hunting kangaroos and emus. This introduction completely transformed Aboriginal society, as it helped them to successfully compete with European hunters, and was more important than the introduction of guns for the Aboriginals.[57]
Ferns in Hellyer Gorge, to the northeast of Savage River National Park.
Although Tasmanian devils are nocturnal, they like to rest in the sun. Scarring from fighting is visible next to this devil's left eye.
Demography[edit]
The city of Hobart, seen here from Mount Wellington, is Tasmania's most populous city and comprises a large portion of the state's population.
Estimated resident population since 1981
Tasmania's population is more homogeneous than that of other states of Australia, with many of British descent.[58] Approximately 65% of its residents are descendants of an estimated 10,000 "founding families" from the mid-19th century. As of 1996[update], more than 80% of Tasmanians were born in the state and almost 90% were born in Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain, or Ireland. The ethnic homogeneity makes it an attractive location to study population genetics.[59]
Until 2012, Tasmania was the only state in Australia with an above-replacement total fertility rate; Tasmanian women had an average of 2.24 children each.[60] By 2012 the birth rate had slipped to 2.1 children per woman, bringing the state to the replacement threshold, but it continues to have the second-highest birth rate of any state or territory (behind the Northern Territory).[61]
Major population centres include Hobart, Launceston, Devonport, Burnie, and Ulverstone. Kingston is often defined as a separate city but is generally regarded as part of the Greater Hobart Area.[citation needed]
Name
Population
Greater Hobart 221,000[62]
Launceston 86,633[63]
Devonport 30,497[63]
Burnie 27,699[63]
Ulverstone 14,726[63]
Economy[edit]
Main article: Economy of Tasmania
Western Tasmania and South West Tasmania with natural resources on 1865 map
Smoked Tasmanian salmon. Tasmania is a large exporter of seafood, particularly salmon.
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Traditionally, Tasmania's main industries have been mining (including copper, zinc, tin, and iron), agriculture, forestry, and tourism. In the 1940s and 1950s, a hydro-industrialisation initiative was embodied in the state by Hydro Tasmania. These all have had varying fortunes over the last century and more, involved in ebbs and flows of population moving in and away dependent upon the specific requirements of the dominant industries of the time. The state also has a large number of food exporting sectors, including but not limited to seafood (such as Atlantic salmon, abalone and crayfish).
In the 1960s and 1970s there was a rapid decline in traditional crops such as apples and pears,[64] with other crops and industries eventually rising in their place. During the 15 years until 2010, new agricultural products such as wine, saffron, pyrethrum and cherries have been fostered by the Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research.
Favourable economic conditions throughout Australia, cheaper air fares, and two new Spirit of Tasmania ferries have all contributed to what is now a booming tourism industry.
About 1.7% of the Tasmanian population are employed by local government.[65] Other major employers include Nyrstar, Norske Skog, Grange Resources, Rio Tinto,[66] the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hobart, and Federal Group. Small business is a large part of the community life, including such success stories as Incat, Moorilla Estate and Tassal. In the late 1990s, many national companies based their call centres in the state after obtaining cheap access to broad-band fibre optic connections.[citation needed]
Thirty-four percent of Tasmanians are reliant on welfare payments as their primary source of income.[67] This number is in part due to the large number of older residents and retirees in Tasmania receiving Age Pensions. Due to its natural beauty and clean air, Tasmania is a popular location for Australians to retire to.[68]
Culture[edit]
Cuisine[edit]
See also: Tasmanian wine
During colonial times the cuisines of the British Isles were the standard in most areas of Tasmania. Tasmania now has a wide range of restaurants, in part due to the arrival of immigrants and changing cultural patterns. Scattered across Tasmania are many vineyards,[69] and Tasmanian beer brands such as Boags and Cascade are known and sold in Mainland Australia. King Island off the northwestern coast of Tasmania has a reputation for boutique cheeses[69] and dairy products. Tasmanians are also consumers of seafood,[69] such as crayfish, orange roughy, salmon[69] and oysters,[69] both farmed and wild.
Events[edit]
Main article: List of events in Tasmania
To foster tourism, the state government encourages or supports several annual events in and around the island. The best known of these is the Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, starting on Boxing Day in Sydney and usually arriving at Constitution Dock in Hobart around three to four days later, during the Taste of Tasmania, an annual food and wine festival. Other events include the road rally Targa Tasmania which attracts rally drivers from around the world and is staged all over the state, over five days. Rural or regional events include Agfest, a three-day agricultural show held at Carrick (just west of Launceston) in early May and the Royal Hobart Show and Royal Launceston Show, both held in October annually. Music events held in Tasmania include the Falls Festival at Marion Bay (a Victorian event now held in both Victoria and Tasmania on New Year's Eve), MS Fest is a charity music event held in Launceston, to raise money for those with multiple sclerosis, the Cygnet Folk Festival is one Australia's most iconic folk music festivals and is held every year in January, the Tasmanian Lute Festival is an early music event held in different locations in Tasmania every two years and directed by Susan King. Recent additions to the state arts events calendar include the 10 Days on the Island arts festival, and MONA FOMA, run by David Walsh and curated by Brian Ritchie.
Literature[edit]
Main article: Tasmanian literature
Tasmania has a vibrant and growing literary culture. Notable titles include For the Term of His Natural Life by Marcus Clarke, The Sound of One Hand Clapping and Gould's Book of Fish by Richard Flanagan, Bad Guys Go To Heaven by Angus Thornett,[70] The Alphabet of Light and Dark by Danielle Wood, The Roving Party by Rohan Wilson, The Butterfly Man by Heather Rose and The Year of Living Dangerously by Christopher Koch and children's books such as The Museum of Thieves by Lian Tanner and Tiger Tale by Marion and Steve Isham. Tasmania also has a literary magazine that was formed in 1979, called Island magazine and a biennial festival, the Tasmanian Writers and Readers Festival hosted by the Tasmanian Writers Centre.
Media[edit]
See also: Tasmanian Media
Tasmania has five broadcast television stations which produce local content including ABC Tasmania, Southern Cross Television Tasmania – an affiliate of Seven Network, WIN Television Tasmania – an affiliate of Ten Network, Nine Tas – an affiliate of the Nine Network (joint owned by WIN and Southern Cross), and SBS.
Music and performing arts[edit]
The Princess Theatre and Earl Arts Centre, Launceston
Tasmania has a varied musical scene, ranging from the Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra whose home is the Federation Concert Hall, to a substantial number of small bands, orchestras, string quintets, saxophone ensembles and individual artists who perform at a variety of venues around the state. Tasmania is also home to a vibrant community of composers including Constantine Koukias, Maria Grenfell and Don Kay, who is the patron of the Tasmanian Composers Collective,[71] the representative body for composers in Tasmania. Tasmania is also home to one of Australia's leading new music institutions, IHOS Music Theatre and Opera and gospel choirs, the Southern Gospel Choir. Prominent Australian metal bands Psycroptic and Striborg hail from Tasmania.[72] Noir-rock band The Paradise Motel and 1980s power-pop band The Innocents[73] are also citizens. The first season of the television series The Mole was filmed and based mainly in Tasmania, with the final elimination taking place in Port Arthur gaol.[citation needed]
Tasmanian cinema[edit]
Films set in Tasmania include Young Einstein, The Tale of Ruby Rose, The Hunter, The Last Confession of Alexander Pearce, Arctic Blast, Manganinnie, Van Diemen's Land and Lion. Common within Australian cinema, the Tasmanian landscape is a focal point in most of their feature film productions. The Last Confession of Alexander Pearce and Van Diemen's Land are both set during an episode of Tasmania's convict history. Tasmanian film production goes as far back as the silent era, with the epic For The Term of His Natural Life in 1927 being the most expensive feature film made on Australian shores.
Visual arts[edit]
The biennial Tasmanian Living Artists' Week is a ten-day statewide festival for Tasmania's visual artists. The fourth festival in 2007 involved more than 1000 artists. Tasmania is home to two winners of the prestigious Archibald Prize—Jack Carington Smith in 1963 for a portrait of Professor James McAuley, and Geoffrey Dyer in 2003 for his portrait of Richard Flanagan. Photographers Olegas Truchanas and Peter Dombrovskis are known for works that became iconic in the Lake Pedder and Franklin Dam conservation movements. English-born painter John Glover (1767–1849) is known for his paintings of Tasmanian landscapes. The Museum of Old and New Art (MONA) opened in January 2011 at the Moorilla Estate in Berriedale,[74] and is the largest privately owned museum complex in Australia.[75]
Transport[edit]
Hobart International Airport.
Air[edit]
Tasmania's main air carriers are Jetstar Airways and Virgin Australia; Qantas, QantasLink and Regional Express Airlines have services from Tasmania. These airlines fly direct routes to Brisbane, the Gold Coast, Melbourne and Sydney. Major airports include Hobart International Airport (which has not had a regular scheduled international passenger service since the 1990s) and Launceston Airport; the smaller airports, Burnie (Wynyard) and King Island, serviced by Regional Express; and Devonport, serviced by QantasLink; have services to Melbourne. Intra-Tasmanian air services are offered by Airlines of Tasmania. Until 2001 Ansett Australia operated majorly out of Tasmania to 12 destinations nationwide.
Antarctica base[edit]
Tasmania – Hobart in particular – serves as Australia's chief sea link to Antarctica, with the Australian Antarctic Division located in Kingston. Hobart is also the home port of the French ship l'Astrolabe, which makes regular supply runs to the French Southern Territories near and in Antarctica.
Road[edit]
Bridgewater Bridge
Within the state, the primary form of transport is by road. Since the 1980s, many of the state's highways have undergone regular upgrades. These include the Hobart Southern Outlet, Launceston Southern Outlet, Bass Highway reconstruction, and the Huon Highway. Public transport is provided by Metro Tasmania bus services within urban areas, with Redline Coaches, Tassielink Transit and Callows Coaches providing bus service between population centres.
Rail[edit]
Rail transport in Tasmania consists of narrow-gauge lines to all four major population centres and to mining and forestry operations on the west coast and in the northwest. Services are operated by TasRail. Regular passenger train services in the state ceased in 1977; the only scheduled trains are for freight, but there are tourist trains in specific areas, for example the West Coast Wilderness Railway and the Ida Bay Railway. There is an ongoing proposal to reinstate commuter trains to Hobart. This idea however lacks political motivation.
Shipping[edit]
See also: Bass Strait Ferries
The Spirit of Tasmania links the island with mainland Australia.
The port of Hobart is the second deepest natural port in the world, second to only Rio de Janeiro in Brazil.[citation needed] There is a substantial amount of commercial and recreational shipping within the harbour and the port regularly hosts Cruise ships and occasionally military vessels. Burnie and Devonport on the northwest coast host ports and several other coastal towns host either small fishing ports or substantial marinas. The domestic sea route between Tasmanian and the mainland is serviced by Bass Strait passenger/vehicle ferries operated by the Tasmanian government-owned TT-Line (Tasmania). The state is also home to Incat, a manufacturer of very high-speed aluminium catamarans that regularly broke records when they were first launched. The state government tried using them on the Bass Strait run but eventually decided to discontinue the run because of concerns over viability and the suitability of the vessels for the extreme weather conditions sometimes experienced in the strait.[citation needed]
Sport[edit]
Main article: Sport in Tasmania
Bellerive Oval at night, during the one-day cricket Australia vs England.
Sport is an important pastime in Tasmania, and the state has produced several famous sportsmen and women and also hosted several major sporting events. The Tasmanian Tigers cricket team represents the state successfully (for example the Sheffield Shield in 2007, 2011 and 2013) and plays its home games at the Bellerive Oval in Hobart; which is also the home ground for the Hobart Hurricanes in the Big Bash League. In addition, Bellerive Oval regularly hosts international cricket matches. Famous Tasmanian cricketers include David Boon and former Australian captain Ricky Ponting.
Australian Rules Football is also popularly followed, with occasional discussion of a proposed Tasmanian team in the Australian Football League (AFL). Several AFL games have been played at Aurora Stadium, Launceston, including the Hawthorn Football Club and as of 2012[update], at the Bellerive Oval with the North Melbourne Football Club playing 3 home games there. The stadium was the site of an infamous match between St Kilda and Fremantle which was controversially drawn after the umpires failed to hear the final siren.
Rugby League Football is also played in the area, with the highest level of football played is in the Tasmanian Rugby League competition. The most successful team is the Hobart Tigers winning the title three times.
Rugby Union is also played in Tasmania and is governed by the Tasmanian Rugby Union. Ten clubs take part in the statewide Tasmanian Rugby Competition.
Association football (soccer) is played throughout the state, including a proposed Tasmanian A-League Club and an existing statewide league called the NPL Tasmania.
Tasmania hosts the professional Moorilla International tennis tournament as part of the lead up to the Australian Open and is played at the Hobart International Tennis Centre, Hobart.
The Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race is an annual event starting in Sydney, NSW, on Boxing Day and finishing in Hobart, Tasmania. It is widely considered to be one of the most difficult yacht races in the world.[76]
While some of the other sports played and barracked for have grown in popularity, others have declined. For example, in basketball Tasmania has not been represented in the National Basketball League since the demise of the Hobart Devils in 1996.
Notable people[edit]
Main article: List of Tasmanians
Notable people from Tasmania include:
Oliver Heyward, 6th Bishop of Bendigo
Mary, Crown Princess of Denmark (née Mary Donaldson)
David Walsh—Owner and founder of MONA
Bob Clifford, owner and founder of Incat
Truganini, full-blooded Tasmanian Aborigine
F. Matthias Alexander (1869–1955), originator of the Alexander Technique
Anglican Archbishop of Brisbane and Primate of Australia Phillip Aspinall
Elizabeth Blackburn, first woman from Australia to win a Nobel Prize
John Gellibrand, founder of Legacy
dancer and choreographer Graeme Murphy
Deny King, naturalist, ornithologist and environmentalist
Aviator and a founder of Qantas, Sir Hudson Fysh
Politicians[edit]
Joseph Lyons, Prime Minister of Australia
his wife Dame Enid Lyons, the first woman member of the House of Representatives
Bob Brown, former leader of the Greens political party.
Actors[edit]
Actor Simon Baker, star of The Mentalist
Actor Errol Flynn
Actress Rachael Taylor
Australian actress Kris McQuade lives in Tasmania.
Actress Essie Davis, star of Miss Fisher's Murder Mysteries
Authors[edit]
Richard Flanagan, Australian author and recipient of the Man Booker Prize 2014
author Christopher Koch
author and permaculturalist Bill Mollison, Right Livelihood Award, 1981
author Kate Gordon
Sports persons[edit]
Australian cricketer Ricky Ponting
Australian cricketer David Boon
Australian cricketer George Bailey
Australian cricketer Xavier Doherty
Australian Test cricket match umpire Steve Randell; convicted of 15 counts of sexual assault against nine schoolgirls
Eddie Jones, former Australian rugby union player and current headcoach of England
Woodchopping world champion David Foster
Robert Fahey, real tennis player; reigning World Champion since 1994.
Former ATP Tennis player David Macpherson
Alex Cisak, Association football player currently playing for Football League 2 side Leyton Orient. Although, he was born in Poland.
Royce Hart, Australian rules footballer
Matthew Richardson, Australian rules footballer
Former V8 Supercar and current NASCAR driver Marcos Ambrose (2003–2004 champion of V8 Supercar)
Retired V8 Supercar, driver John Bowe (1995 champion)
Cyclist Richie Porte
Cyclist Luke Ockerby
Musicians and composers[edit]
Drummer Dave Haley from technical death metal band Psycroptic and black metal band Ruins (metal band)
Composer Don Kay
Country music singer Jean Stafford
Composer Peter Sculthorpe
Bassist Brian Ritchie and founding member of Violent Femmes
Gallery[edit]
Mount Roland, Tasmania
Cataract Gorge, Tasmania
Hastings Thermal Pool, Tasmania
Sub-Antarctic Garden, Royal Tasmanian Botanical Garden, Hobart
Hastings Caves, Tasmania
Old chocolate vending machine at the Cadbury factory in Tasmania.
Salamanca Market in Hobart, Tasmania.
Russell Falls
Mount Roland
Tasman Peninsula
Wineglass Bay
See also[edit]
Book: Australia
Aboriginal Tasmanians
Australia
Index of Australia-related articles
List of amphibians of Tasmania
List of schools in Tasmania
Outline of Australia
Protected areas of Tasmania
Regions of Tasmania
University of Tasmania
Islands portal
Oceania portal
Commonwealth realms portal
Australia portal
Tasmania portal
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "3101.0 – Australian Demographic Statistics, Mar 2017". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 27 September 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "LISTmap (Mount Ossa)". Tasmanian Government Department of Primary Industries and Water. Retrieved 6 October 2007.
Jump up ^ 5220.0 – Australian National Accounts: State Accounts, 2009–10.
Jump up ^ "Proclamation of Tasmanian floral emblem". Tasmanian Government Gazette. www.parliament.tas.gov.au. 27 November 1962. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Proclamation of Tasmanian Devil as Tasmania's Animal Emblem" (PDF). www.parliament.tas.gov.au. 25 May 2015. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Tasmanian State Emblems". parliament.tas.gov.au. Parliament of Tasmania. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Proclamation of Tasmanian mineral emblem, Tasmanian Government Gazette, 4 December 2000.
Jump up ^ "Proclamation of Tasmanian mineral emblem". Tasmanian Government Gazette. www.parliament.tas.gov.au. 4 December 2000. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
Jump up ^ Australia Government Geoscience. "Area of Australia – States and Territories". www.ga.gov.au. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Tasmanian Planning Commission (1 March 2010). "Extent and Condition of Lakes and Waterbodies". State of the Environment Report 2009. soer.justice.tas.gov.au. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Definition of Tasmania from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary". Archived from the original on 27 December 2011. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Discover Tasmania – Our Islands". Government of Tasmania. Archived from the original on 7 January 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "3101.0 – Australian Demographic Statistics, Jun 2016". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 15 December 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
Jump up ^ Area of Australia – States and Territories. ga.gov.au
Jump up ^ "Complete National Parks and Reserves Listings". Parks and Wildlife Service. 28 January 2013. Retrieved 3 April 2013.
Jump up ^ Howes, Michael. "United Tasmania Group (UTG)". britannica.com. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Ryan, Lyndall (2012), Tasmanian Aborigines, Sydney: Allen & Unwin, pp. 3–6, ISBN 978-1-74237-068-2
Jump up ^ "Convicts and the British colonies in Australia". australia.gov.au. Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
Jump up ^ Newman, Terry (2005). "Appendix 2: Select chronology of renaming". Becoming Tasmania – Companion Web Site. Parliament of Tasmania. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "Breathing new life into Indigenous language". ABC Hobart. 15 June 2012. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
Jump up ^ Ryan, Lyndall (2012), Tasmanian Aborigines, Sydney: Allen & Unwin, pp. 4, 43, ISBN 978-1-74237-068-2
Jump up ^ Clements, Nicholas (2013), Frontier Conflict in Van Diemen's Land (Ph.D. thesis) (PDF), University of Tasmania, pp. 324, 325
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Hughes, Robert (1987), The Fatal Shore, London: Pan, pp. 120–125, ISBN 0-330-29892-5
Jump up ^ Boyce, James (2010), Van Diemen's Land, Melbourne: Black Inc, p. 15, ISBN 978-1-86395-491-4
Jump up ^ Boyce, James (2010), Van Diemen's Land, Melbourne: Black Inc, p. 21, ISBN 978-1-86395-491-4
Jump up ^ Ryan, Lyndall (2012), Tasmanian Aborigines, Sydney: Allen & Unwin, pp. 54–57, 71, ISBN 978-1-74237-068-2
Jump up ^ Boyce, James (2010), Van Diemen's Land, Melbourne: Black Inc, pp. 140, 145, 202, ISBN 978-1-86395-491-4
Jump up ^ Nicholas Clements (April 24, 2014). "Tasmania’s Black War: a tragic case of lest we remember?". Honorary Research Associate, University of Tasmania. The Conversation. Retrieved October 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. "Black War – Australian History". The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. Chatswood, NSW 2067, Australia: Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved October 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ Clements, Nicholas (2014), The Black War, Brisbane: University of Queensland Press, p. 36, ISBN 978-0-70225-006-4
Jump up ^ Ryan, Lyndall (2012), Tasmanian Aborigines, Sydney: Allen & Unwin, pp. 58, 62, 66, 74–75, ISBN 978-1-74237-068-2
Jump up ^ Clements, Nicholas (2014), The Black War, Brisbane: University of Queensland Press, pp. 20, 49, ISBN 978-0-70225-006-4
Jump up ^ Ryan, Lyndall (2012), Tasmanian Aborigines, Sydney: Allen & Unwin, pp. 93–100, ISBN 978-1-74237-068-2
Jump up ^ Ryan, Lyndall (2012), Tasmanian Aborigines, Sydney: Allen & Unwin, pp. 101–105, 123, ISBN 978-1-74237-068-2
Jump up ^ Clements, Nicholas (2014), The Black War, Brisbane: University of Queensland Press, pp. 95–101, ISBN 978-0-70225-006-4
Jump up ^ Ryan, Lyndall (2012), Tasmanian Aborigines, Sydney: Allen & Unwin, pp. 1199–216, ISBN 978-1-74237-068-2
Jump up ^ Clements, Nicholas (2013), Frontier Conflict in Van Diemen's Land (Ph.D. thesis) (PDF), University of Tasmania, pp. 329–331
Jump up ^ Boyce, James (2010), Van Diemen's Land, Melbourne: Black Inc, p. 296, ISBN 978-1-86395-491-4
Jump up ^ Ryan, Lyndall (2012), Tasmanian Aborigines, Sydney: Allen & Unwin, pp. xix, 215, ISBN 978-1-74237-068-2
Jump up ^ Boyce, James (2010), Van Diemen's Land, Melbourne: Black Inc, pp. 264, 296, ISBN 978-1-86395-491-4
Jump up ^ Boyce, James (2010), Van Diemen's Land, Melbourne: Black Inc, pp. 1, 158, ISBN 978-1-86395-491-4
Jump up ^ MONA takes top billing Trips – The Mercury – The Voice of Tasmania. The Mercury (30 December 2011). Retrieved on 16 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "Tasmanian Liberals secure 15 seats as election count ends". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 27 March 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Davies, Lynn (2006). "Lake Pedder". Centre for Tasmanian Historical Studies. Retrieved 6 March 2010.
Jump up ^ Ridge, Justin. "Mt. Ossa, Tasmania". The Interactive Tour of Tasmania. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
Jump up ^ 'About the Tarkine' Tarkine: Australia's Largest Temperate Rain forest Archived 26 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved 15 June 2009.
Jump up ^ 'Statistics – Tasmania, 2006', Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 25 June 2009.
Jump up ^ Moore, Garry (1 March 2014). "The boundary between Tasmania and Victoria: Uncertainties and their possible resolution" (PDF). Traverse 294. Institution of Surveyors Victoria. pp. 5–7. Retrieved 25 June 2016.
Jump up ^ Discover Tasmania. "CLIMATE AND WEATHER". Writer for Discover Tasmania. Tasmania, Australia: Discover Tasmania. Retrieved October 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Climate of Launceston". Australian BOM. Archived from the original on 22 February 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "Tasmania Climate". World 66. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "Hobart Climate Statistics". Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "Launceston Climate Statistics". Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "Devonport Climate Statistics". Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 1 January 2009. [dead link]
Jump up ^ "Strahan Climate Statistics". Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "Centre of the apple universe". Retrieved 20 January 2015.
Jump up ^ Boyce, James, 'The social and Environmental impact of the introduction of the dog to Tasmania' in Environmental History Vol. 11, No. 1 (Jan. 2006), pp. 102–129
Jump up ^ "Tasmania (island and state, Australia)". Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
Jump up ^ Rubio, Justin P.; et al. (May 2002). "Genetic Dissection of the Human Leukocyte Antigen Region by Use of Haplotypes of Tasmanians with Multiple Sclerosis". American Journal of Human Genetics. 70 (5): 1125–1137. PMC 447590  . PMID 11923913. doi:10.1086/339932.
Jump up ^ "Australia had baby boom in 2007: ABS". The Age. Australia. Retrieved 2 April 2010.
Jump up ^ "Birth-rate slump in Tasmania linked with tough economic times for families". The Mercury. 4 November 2013. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
Jump up ^ "3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2014–15:ESTIMATED RESIDENT POPULATION – Greater Capital City Statistical Areas (GCCSAs)". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 28 September 2016. Estimated resident population, 30 June 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2014–15: Population Estimates by Significant Urban Area, 2005 to 2015". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 30 March 2016. Retrieved 12 September 2016. Estimated resident population, 30 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Industry Info page". Fruit Growers Tasmania. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Eslaka, Saul (August 2011). Local Government and Southern Tasmanian Economy.
Jump up ^ "Major employers campaign to boost their public profile". The Mercury. 22 November 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
Jump up ^ Denholm, Matthew (9 April 2011). "Clean, green and leaning on the mainland". The Australian. Sydney, Australia. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
Jump up ^ http://www.oversixty.com.au/finance/retirement-income/2014/08/11-best-places-to-retire-in-australia/
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Tasmania Food & Wine." Goway.com. Retrieved July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Angus Thornett - The Tasmanian Writers' Centre". The Tasmanian Writers' Centre. Retrieved 2017-05-05.
Jump up ^ "Don Kay". tasmanianmusic.com. Tasmanian Composers Collective. Archived from the original on January 1, 2009. Retrieved 15 June 2009.
Jump up ^ "Psycroptic: Rise Above". themetalforge.com. Retrieved 6 March 2010.
Jump up ^ "Beathoven and The Innocents – Official Web site". theinnocents.com.au. The Innocents. Retrieved 2 April 2010.
Jump up ^ McKay, Danielle (27 March 2011) MONA puts Tassie on map, The Mercury.
Jump up ^ Shock of the old and new, The Sydney Morning Herald, 10 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "Tough legacy of a Sydney classic". BBC News. 29 December 2001. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
Further reading[edit]
Alexander, Alison, ed. (2005). The Companion to Tasmanian History. Hobart, Tasmania: Centre for Tasmanian Historical Studies, University of Tasmania. ISBN 1-86295-223-X. OCLC 61888464.
Robson, L. L. (1983). A History of Tasmania. Volume I. Van Diemen's Land from the Earliest Times to 1855. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-554364-5.
Robson, L. L. (1991). A History of Tasmania. Volume II. Colony and State from 1856 to the 1980s. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-553031-4.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tasmania.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Tasmania.
Tasmania Online—the main State Government website
Discover Tasmania – official tourism website
Geographic data related to Tasmania at OpenStreetMap
[show]
v
t
e
Tasmania
General
Economy
Education
Energy
Flag
Geography
Geology
Government
History
Local Government
Parliament
People
Police
Politics
Rail transport
Sport
Regions
Central Highlands
East Coast
Midlands
North East
North West
Northern
South West
Southern
West Coast
Cities
Hobart
Burnie
Devonport
Launceston
Tasmania portal
[show]
v
t
e
States and territories of Australia
Federal district
Australian Capital Territory
States
New South Wales
Queensland
South Australia
Tasmania
Victoria
Western Australia
Internal territories
Jervis Bay Territory
Northern Territory
External territories
Ashmore and Cartier Islands
Australian Antarctic Territory
Christmas Island
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Coral Sea Islands
Heard Island and McDonald Islands
Norfolk Island
Former territories
Central Australia (1927–1931)
North Australia (1927–1931)
Papua New Guinea (1949–1975)
[show]
v
t
e
Australia articles
History
Timeline
Bibliography
Prehistory
Archaeology
European Exploration
1788–1850
1851–1900
1901–1945
Since 1945
By topic
Constitutional
Diplomatic
Economic
Federation
Immigration
Indigenous
Military
Monarchy
Railway
Geography
Climate
Continent
Deserts
Environment
issues
Earthquakes
Flora
Fauna
Forests
Geology
Islands
Mountains
Regions
Protected areas
Rivers
Subdivisions
States and Territories
Capitals
Cities
Politics
Constitution
Courts
Elections
Donations
Electoral system
Parties
Federal budget
Foreign relations
Government
Governor-General
Human rights
Intersex
LGBT
Transgender
Intelligence and security
Law
Constitution
Judiciary
Enforcement
Military
Monarchy
National debt
Parliament
Public Service
Women
Government leaders
Government ministers
Economy
Agriculture
Dollar (currency)
Energy
Gross state product
Home ownership
Public housing
Household income
Manufacturing
Media
Mining
Poverty
Reserve Bank
Stock Exchange
Superannuation
Taxation
Telecommunications
Tourism
Transportation
Welfare system
Society
Crime
Demographics
Education
Ethnic groups
Healthcare
Homelessness
Immigration
Languages
Religion
Women
Culture
Architecture
Art
Arts
Australian English
Cinema
Cuisine
Dance
Literature
Music
Public holidays
Radio
Sport
Symbols
Television
Theatre
Outline
Index
Book
Category
Portal
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 123100758
LCCN: n79115474
GND: 4059099-9
BNF: cb119482872 (data)
NDL: 00628719
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tasmania&oldid=806485425"
Categories:
Tasmania
Islands of Australia
Islands of Oceania
States and territories of Australia
States and territories established in 1825
1825 establishments in Australia
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from May 2016
Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages
Coordinates on Wikidata
Articles containing potentially dated statements from June 2016
All articles containing potentially dated statements
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from June 2016
Articles containing potentially dated statements from 1996
Articles with unsourced statements from August 2014
Articles needing additional references from June 2008
All articles needing additional references
Articles with unsourced statements from April 2007
Articles with unsourced statements from July 2017
Articles with unsourced statements from November 2010
Articles with unsourced statements from July 2011
Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012
Use dmy dates from December 2013
Use Australian English from April 2013
All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English
Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers
Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Wikinews
Wikivoyage
Languages
Afrikaans
Alemannisch
አማርኛ
Ænglisc
العربية
Aragonés
Asturianu
Azərbaycanca
تۆرکجه
বাংলা
Bân-lâm-gú
Беларуская
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
Български
བོད་ཡིག
Bosanski
Brezhoneg
Català
Cebuano
Čeština
Cymraeg
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Fiji Hindi
Føroyskt
Français
Frysk
Gaeilge
Gaelg
Gàidhlig
Galego
客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî
한국어
Հայերեն
हिन्दी
Hrvatski
Ido
Bahasa Indonesia
Interlingua
Ирон
Íslenska
Italiano
עברית
ಕನ್ನಡ
Kapampangan
ქართული
Қазақша
Kiswahili
Кыргызча
Кырык мары
Latina
Latviešu
Lëtzebuergesch
Lietuvių
Ligure
Magyar
Македонски
മലയാളം
मराठी
مصرى
Bahasa Melayu
Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄
Монгол
မြန်မာဘာသာ
Nederlands
नेपाली
日本語
Nordfriisk
Norfuk / Pitkern
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Occitan
ଓଡ଼ିଆ
Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
پنجابی
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Саха тыла
Gagana Samoa
Scots
Seeltersk
Sicilianu
Simple English
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Ślůnski
Soomaaliga
کوردی
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
Tagalog
தமிழ்
Taqbaylit
Татарча/tatarça
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
اردو
Tiếng Việt
West-Vlams
Winaray
吴语
ייִדיש
粵語
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 22 October 2017, at 09:46.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values:
/wiki/Tasmania_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Tasmania (disambiguation)

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

attrs: colspan class style

values: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.3em;

values:
/wiki/File:Flag_of_Tasmania.svg
image
alt text for flag

values: width: 50%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;

values:
/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Tasmania.svg
image
alt text for coat of arms

values: Map of Australia with Tasmania highlighted

values: Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location

values: Ranked list of states and territories of Australia

values: List of Australian states and territories by gross state product

values:
/wiki/Australian_Eastern_Standard_Time
mw-redirect
Australian Eastern Standard Time

values:
/wiki/Australian_Eastern_Daylight_Time
mw-redirect
Australian Eastern Daylight Time

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.tas.gov.au

values:
infobox geography vcard
width:22em;width:300px; font-size:88%

values:
plainlinks noprint asof-tag update
display:none;

values:
/wiki/National_parks
mw-redirect
National parks

values:
/wiki/Tasmanian_Wilderness
mw-redirect
Tasmanian Wilderness

values:
/wiki/Tasmanian_Aboriginals
mw-redirect
Tasmanian Aboriginals

values:
/wiki/Infectious_disease
mw-redirect
Infectious disease

values:
/wiki/Australian_postal_abbreviations
mw-redirect
Australian postal abbreviations

values:
/wiki/Central_Plateau_(Tasmania)
mw-redirect
Central Plateau (Tasmania)

values:
/wiki/Frenchmans_Cap,_Tasmania
mw-redirect
Frenchmans Cap, Tasmania

values:
/wiki/Mount_Lyell,_Tasmania
mw-redirect
Mount Lyell, Tasmania

values:
/wiki/Tasmanian_Aborigines
mw-redirect
Tasmanian Aborigines

values: Edit section: European arrival and governance

values:
/wiki/Lord_Hobart
mw-redirect
Lord Hobart

values:
/wiki/Flinders_Island,_Tasmania
mw-redirect
Flinders Island, Tasmania

values: Edit section: Proclamation as a separate colony

values:
/wiki/Privy_Council
mw-redirect
Privy Council

values:
/wiki/Bicameral_parliament
mw-redirect
Bicameral parliament

values: Military history of Australia during the Second Boer War

values:
/wiki/Derwent_River_(Tasmania)
mw-redirect
Derwent River (Tasmania)

values:
/wiki/Franklin_Dam
mw-redirect
Franklin Dam

values:
/wiki/Australian_Constitution
mw-redirect
Australian Constitution

values:
/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Tasmania
mw-redirect
List of Governors of Tasmania

values:
/wiki/Single_Transferable_Vote
mw-redirect
Single Transferable Vote

values:
/wiki/Independent_(politician)
mw-redirect
Independent (politician)

values: float:right; margin-right:.5em; margin-top:.4em; margin-left:0.5em; font-size:90%;

values:
/wiki/Postal_ballot
mw-redirect
Postal ballot

values: Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park

values:
/wiki/Tamar_River
mw-redirect
Tamar River

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2016)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Temperate_rain_forest
mw-redirect
Temperate rain forest

values: A devil lying belly down on dry scrub grass and dead leaves. It has stretched its front legs out in front of its face.

values:
/wiki/Mount_Wellington,_Tasmania
mw-redirect
Mount Wellington, Tasmania

values: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

values: This claim needs a reliable source; Kingston is often defined as a separate city but is generally regarded as part of the Greater Hobart Area. (August 2014)

values:
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced

values: Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2007)

values:
/wiki/Salmon_(food)
mw-redirect
Salmon (food)

values:
/wiki/Rally_racing
mw-redirect
Rally racing

values:
/wiki/Tasmanian_Media
mw-redirect
Tasmanian Media

values:
/wiki/ABC_Tasmania
mw-redirect
ABC Tasmania

values:
/wiki/Princess_Theatre,_Launceston
mw-redirect
Princess Theatre, Launceston

values: Tasmanian Composers Collective (page does not exist)

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2017)

values:
/wiki/Australian_cinema
mw-redirect
Australian cinema

values: For the Term of His Natural Life (1927 film)

values:
/wiki/Bass_Highway_(Tasmania)
mw-redirect
Bass Highway (Tasmania)

values:
/wiki/TasRail_(2009)
mw-redirect
TasRail (2009)

values:
/wiki/Bass_Strait_Ferries
mw-redirect
Bass Strait Ferries

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2010)

values:
/wiki/TT-Line_(Australia)
mw-redirect
TT-Line (Australia)

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2011)

values:
/wiki/One-day_cricket
mw-redirect
One-day cricket

values:
/wiki/Tasmanian_Tigers
mw-redirect
Tasmanian Tigers

values:
/wiki/Australian_Rules_Football
mw-redirect
Australian Rules Football

values:
/wiki/Tasmanian_AFL_Bid
mw-redirect
Tasmanian AFL Bid

values:
/wiki/AFL_siren_controversy,_2006
mw-redirect
AFL siren controversy, 2006

values:
/wiki/Rugby_League_Football
mw-redirect
Rugby League Football

values:
/wiki/Rugby_Union
mw-redirect
Rugby Union

values:
/wiki/Tasmania_United_FC
mw-redirect
Tasmania United FC

values:
/wiki/Moorilla_Hobart_International
mw-redirect
Moorilla Hobart International

values:
/wiki/Tasmanian_Aborigine
mw-redirect
Tasmanian Aborigine

values:
/wiki/Wood_chopping
mw-redirect
Wood chopping

values:
/wiki/Football_League_2
mw-redirect
Football League 2

values:
/wiki/V8_Supercar
mw-redirect
V8 Supercar

values:
/wiki/Ruins_(metal_band)
mw-redirect
Ruins (metal band)

values: div-col columns column-count column-count-2

values: -moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;

values:
noprint metadata navbox
navigation
Portals
font-weight:bold;padding:0.4em 2em

values:
/wiki/Parks_and_Wildlife_Service
mw-redirect
Parks and Wildlife Service

values:
nofollow
http://www.tarkine.com.au/
external text

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier
mw-redirect
PubMed Identifier

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11923913

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1086%2F339932

values:
nofollow
http://www.goway.com/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.theinnocents.com.au/
external text

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/61888464

values:
nofollow
http://tas.gov.au/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.discovertasmania.com/
external text

values:
/wiki/Geography_of_Tasmania
mw-redirect
Geography of Tasmania

values:
/wiki/History_of_Tasmania_timeline
mw-redirect
History of Tasmania timeline

values: Politics of Tasmania (page does not exist)

values:
navbox-image
3
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Template:States and territories of Australia

values: Template talk:States and territories of Australia

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
/wiki/Australian_court_hierarchy
mw-redirect
Australian court hierarchy

values: List of female heads of government in Australia

values: List of female cabinet ministers of Australia

values: Median household income in Australia and New Zealand

values:
/wiki/Demographics_of_Australia
mw-redirect
Demographics of Australia

values:
/wiki/Healthcare_in_Australia
mw-redirect
Healthcare in Australia

values:
nofollow
external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/123100758

values:
nofollow
external text
http://d-nb.info/gnd/4059099-9

values: Category:States and territories of Australia

values: Category:States and territories established in 1825

values: Category:1825 establishments in Australia

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:All articles with dead external links

values: Category:Articles with dead external links from May 2016

values: Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from June 2016

values: Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2016

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 1996

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2014

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from June 2008

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2007

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2017

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2010

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2011

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012

values: Category:Use dmy dates from December 2013

values: Category:Use Australian English from April 2013

values: Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Tasmania
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values:
/w/index.php?title=Tasmania&action=edit
Edit this page [ctrl-alt-e]
e

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values:
https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Old English
ang
ang
interlanguage-link-target

values: تاسمانيا – Arabic

values:
https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Aragonese
an
an
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Asturian
ast
ast
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmaniya
Tasmaniya – Azerbaijani
az
az
interlanguage-link-target

values: তাসমানিয়া – Bangla

values: Тасманія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values: Тасмания – Bulgarian

values: ཐ་སི་མ་ནི་ཡཱ། – Tibetan

values:
https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanija
Tasmanija – Bosnian
bs
bs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Breton
br
br
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Welsh
cy
cy
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanien
Tasmanien – Danish
da
da
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanien
Tasmanien – German
de
de
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmaania
Tasmaania – Estonian
et
et
interlanguage-link-target

values: Τασμανία – Greek

values:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Spanish
es
es
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanio
Tasmanio – Esperanto
eo
eo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Basque
eu
eu
interlanguage-link-target

values: تاسمانی – Persian

values:
https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Fiji Hindi
hif
hif
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Faroese
fo
fo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanie
Tasmanie – French
fr
fr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmaanje
Tasmaanje – Western Frisian
fy
fy
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Scottish Gaelic
gd
gd
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Galician
gl
gl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Hakka Chinese
hak
hak
interlanguage-link-target

values: 태즈메이니아 주 – Korean

values: Թասմանիա (նահանգ) – Armenian

values: टैज़मेनिया – Hindi

values:
https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanija
Tasmanija – Croatian
hr
hr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Ido
io
io
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Indonesian
id
id
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Interlingua
ia
ia
interlanguage-link-target

values: Тасмани – Ossetic

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

values: טסמניה – Hebrew

values: ಟ್ಯಾಸ್ಮೆನಿಯಾ – Kannada

values:
https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Pampanga
pam
pam
interlanguage-link-target

values: ტასმანია (შტატი) – Georgian

values: Тасмания – Kazakh

values:
https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Swahili
sw
sw
interlanguage-link-target

values: Тасмания – Kyrgyz

values:
https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Latin
la
la
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanija
Tasmanija – Latvian
lv
lv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanien
Tasmanien – Luxembourgish
lb
lb
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanija
Tasmanija – Lithuanian
lt
lt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Ligurian
lij
lij
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Hungarian
hu
hu
interlanguage-link-target

values: Тасманија – Macedonian

values: ടാസ്മേനിയ – Malayalam

values: टास्मानिया – Marathi

values:
https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Malay
ms
ms
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Min Dong Chinese
cdo
cdo
interlanguage-link-target

values: တက်စ‌မေးနီးယားကျွန်း – Burmese

values: तस्मानिया – Nepali

values:
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Norwegian
no
no
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Norwegian Nynorsk
nn
nn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Occitan
oc
oc
interlanguage-link-target

values: ଟାସମାନିଆ – Odia

values:
https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmaniya
Tasmaniya – Uzbek
uz
uz
interlanguage-link-target

values: ਤਸਮਾਨੀਆ – Punjabi

values:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Romanian
ro
ro
interlanguage-link-target

values: Тасмания – Russian

values: Тасмания – Sakha

values:
https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Samoan
sm
sm
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanie
Tasmanie – Scots
sco
sco
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Sicilian
scn
scn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanija
Tasmanija – Slovenian
sl
sl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmaniya
Tasmaniya – Somali
so
so
interlanguage-link-target

values: Тасманија – Serbian

values:
https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanija
Tasmanija – Serbo-Croatian
sh
sh
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Finnish
fi
fi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanien
Tasmanien – Swedish
sv
sv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Tagalog
tl
tl
interlanguage-link-target

values: தாசுமேனியா – Tamil

values:
https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanya
Tasmanya – Kabyle
kab
kab
interlanguage-link-target

values: Тасмания – Tatar

values: รัฐแทสเมเนีย – Thai

values:
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanya
Tasmanya – Turkish
tr
tr
interlanguage-link-target

values: Тасманія – Ukrainian

values: تسمانیا – Urdu

values:
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Vietnamese
vi
vi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Tasmania – Waray
war
war
interlanguage-link-target

values: טאסמאניע – Yiddish

values: 塔斯馬尼亞州 – Chinese

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Tasmania rootpage-Tasmania vector-experimental-print-styles vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view