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Boron group
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Boron group (group 13)
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
group 12 ← → carbon group
IUPAC group number
13
Name by element boron group
Trivial name triels
CAS group number
(US, pattern A-B-A)
IIIA
old IUPAC number
(Europe, pattern A-B)
IIIB
↓ Period
2
Boron (B)
5 Metalloid
3
Aluminium (Al)
13 Post-transition metal
4
Gallium (Ga)
31 Post-transition metal
5
Indium (In)
49 Post-transition metal
6
Thallium (Tl)
81 Post-transition metal
7
Nihonium (Nh)
113 unknown chemical properties
Legend
primordial element
synthetic element
Atomic number color:
black=solid
v
t
e
The boron group are the chemical elements in group 13 of the periodic table, comprising boron (B), aluminium (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), thallium (Tl), and perhaps also the chemically uncharacterized nihonium (Nh). The elements in the boron group are characterized by having three electrons in their outer energy levels (valence layers).[1] These elements have also been referred to as the triels.[note 1]
Boron is classified as a metalloid while the rest, with the possible exception of nihonium, are considered post-transition metals. Boron occurs sparsely, probably because bombardment by the subatomic particles produced from natural radioactivity disrupts its nuclei. Aluminium occurs widely on earth, and indeed is the third most abundant element in the Earth's crust (8.3%).[3] Gallium is found in the earth with an abundance of 13 ppm. Indium is the 61st most abundant element in the earth's crust, and thallium is found in moderate amounts throughout the planet. Nihonium is never found in nature and therefore is termed a synthetic element.
Several group 13 elements have biological roles in the ecosystem. Boron is a trace element in humans and is essential for some plants. Lack of boron can lead to stunted plant growth, while an excess can also cause harm by inhibiting growth. Aluminium has neither a biological role nor significant toxicity and is considered safe. Indium and gallium can stimulate metabolism;[citation needed] gallium is credited with the ability to bind itself to iron proteins. Thallium is highly toxic, interfering with the function of numerous vital enzymes, and has seen use as a pesticide.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Characteristics
1.1 Chemical reactivity
1.1.1 Hydrides
1.1.2 Oxides
1.1.3 Halides
1.2 Physical properties
1.3 Oxidation states
1.4 Periodic trends
1.5 Nuclear
2 History
2.1 Etymology
3 Occurrence and abundance
3.1 Boron
3.2 Aluminium
3.3 Gallium
3.4 Indium
3.5 Thallium
3.6 Nihonium
4 Applications
5 Biological role
6 Toxicity
7 Notes
8 References
8.1 Bibliography
9 External links
Characteristics[edit]
Like other groups, the members of this family show patterns in electron configuration, especially in the outermost shells, resulting in trends in chemical behavior:
Z
Element
No. of electrons per shell
5 boron 2, 3
13 aluminium 2, 8, 3
31 gallium 2, 8, 18, 3
49 indium 2, 8, 18, 18, 3
81 thallium 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3
113 nihonium 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 3 (predicted)
The boron group is notable for trends in the electron configuration, as shown above, and in some of its elements' characteristics. Boron differs from the other group members in its hardness, refractivity and reluctance to participate in metallic bonding. An example of a trend in reactivity is boron's tendency to form reactive compounds with hydrogen.[5]
Chemical reactivity[edit]
Hydrides[edit]
Most of the elements in the boron group show increasing reactivity as the elements get heavier in atomic mass and higher in atomic number. Boron, the first element in the group, is generally unreactive with many elements except at high temperatures, although it is capable of forming many compounds with hydrogen, sometimes called boranes.[6] The simplest borane is diborane, or B2H6.[5] Another example is B10H14.
The next group-13 elements, aluminium and gallium, form fewer stable hydrides, although both AlH3 and GaH3 exist. Indium, the next element in the group, is not known to form many hydrides, except in complex compounds such as the phosphine complex H3InP(Cy)3.[7] No stable compound of thallium and hydrogen has been synthesized in any laboratory.
[show]Some common chemical compounds of the boron group[5]
[8][9][10][11][12]
Element
Oxides
Hydrides
Fluorides
Chlorides
Sulfides
Boron (β/g/α)B2O3 B2H6 BF3 BCl3 B2S3
B2O B10H14 BF−
4
B6O BH3 B2F4
B5H9 BF
B6H12
B4H10
B
6H2−
6
B
12H2−
12
B20H26
Aluminium (γ/δ/η/θ/χ)Al2O3 (α/α`/β/δ/ε/θ/γ) AlH3 AlF3 AlCl3 (α/β/γ) Al2S3
Al2O Al2H6
AlO AlH4
AlH−
4
Gallium (α/β/δ/γ/ε) Ga2O3 Ga2H6 GaF3 GaCl3 GaS
GaH4 GaCl2
GaH3 Ga2Cl4
Ga2Cl6
GaCl−
4
Ga
2Cl−
7
Indium In2O3 InH3 InF3 InCl3 (α/β/γ) In2S3
In2O
Thallium Tl2O3 TlH3 TlF TlCl
Tl2O TlH TlF3 TlCl3
TlO2 TlF3−
4 TlCl2
Tl4O3 TlF2−
3 Tl2Cl3
Nihonium Nh2O[note 2] NhH NhF NhCl
Nh2O3 NhH3 NhF3 NhCl3
NhF5
NhF−
6
Oxides[edit]
All of the boron-group elements are known to form a trivalent oxide, with two atoms of the element bonded covalently with three atoms of oxygen. These elements show a trend of increasing pH (from acidic to basic).[13] Boron oxide (B2O3) is slightly acidic, aluminium and gallium oxide (Al2O3 and Ga2O3 respectively) are amphoteric, indium(III) oxide (In2O3) is nearly amphoteric, and thallium(III) oxide (Tl2O3) is a Lewis base because it dissolves in acids to form salts. Each of these compounds are stable, but thallium oxide decomposes at temperatures higher than 875 °C.
A powdered sample of boron trioxide (B2O3), one of the oxides of boron
Halides[edit]
The elements in group 13 are also capable of forming stable compounds with the halogens, usually with the formula MX3 (where M is a boron-group element and X is a halogen.) The only exception to this is thallium(III) iodide.[14] Fluorine, the first halogen, is able to form stable compounds with every element that has been tested (except neon and helium),[15] and the boron group is no exception. It is even hypothesized that nihonium could form a compound with fluorine, NhF3, before spontaneously decaying due to nihonium's radioactivity. Chlorine also forms stable compounds with all of the elements in the boron group, including thallium, and is hypothesized to react with nihonium. All of the elements will react with bromine under the right conditions, as with the other halogens but less vigorously than either chlorine or fluorine. Iodine will react with all natural elements in the periodic table except for the noble gases, and is notable for its explosive reaction with aluminium to form 2AlI3.[16] Astatine, the heaviest halogen, has only formed a few compounds, due to its radioactivity and short half-life, and no reports of a compound with an At–B, –Al, –Ga, –In, –Tl, or –Nh bond have been seen, although scientists think that it should form salts with metals.[17]
Physical properties[edit]
It has been noticed that the elements in the boron group have similar physical properties, although most of boron's are exceptional. For example, all of the elements in the boron group, except for boron itself, are soft. Moreover, all of the other elements in group 13 are relatively reactive at moderate temperatures, while boron's reactivity only becomes comparable at very high temperatures. One characteristic that all do have in common is having three electrons in their valence shells. Boron, being a metalloid, is a thermal and electrical insulator at room temperature, but a good conductor of heat and electricity at high temperatures.[8] Unlike boron, the metals in the group are good conductors under normal conditions. This is in accordance with the long-standing generalization that all metals conduct heat and electricity better than most non-metals.[18]
Oxidation states[edit]
The inert s-pair effect is significant in the group-13 elements, especially the heavier ones like thallium. This results in a variety of oxidation states. In the lighter elements, the +3 state is the most stable, but the +1 state becomes more prevalent with increasing atomic number, and is the most stable for thallium.[19] Boron is capable of forming compounds with lower oxidization states, of +1 or +2, and aluminium can do the same.[20] Gallium can form compounds with the oxidation states +1, +2 and +3. Indium is like gallium, but its +1 compounds are more stable than those of the lighter elements. The strength of the inert-pair effect is maximal in thallium, which is generally only stable in the oxidation state of +1, although the +3 state is seen in some compounds. Stable and monomeric gallium, indium and thallium radicals with a formal oxidation state of +2 have since been reported.[21]
Periodic trends[edit]
There are several trends that one could notice as they look at the properties of Boron group members. The Boiling Points of these elements drop from period to period, while densities tend to rise.
The 5 stable elements of the boron group
Element
Boiling Point (C)
Density (g/cm3)
Boron 4,000° 2.46
Aluminium 2,519° 2.7
Gallium 2,204° 5.904
Indium 2,072° 7.31
Thallium 1,473° 11.85
Nuclear[edit]
With the exception of the synthetic nihonium, all of the elements of the boron group have stable isotopes. Because all their atomic numbers are odd, boron, gallium and thallium have only two stable isotopes, while aluminium and indium are monoisotopic, having only one, although most indium found in nature is the weakly radioactive 115In. 10B and 11B are both stable, as are 27Al, 69Ga and 71Ga, 113In, and 203Tl and 205Tl.[22] All of these isotopes are readily found in macroscopic quantities in nature. In theory, though, all isotopes with an atomic number greater than 40 are supposed to be unstable to such decay modes as spontaneous fission and alpha decay. Conversely, all isotopes whose atomic numbers are less than 40 are theoretically supposed to be energetically stable to all forms of decay (with the exception of proton decay, which has never been observed).
Like all other elements, the elements of the boron group have radioactive isotopes, either found in trace quantities in nature or produced synthetically. The longest-lived of these unstable isotopes is the indium isotope 115In, with its extremely long half-life of 4.41 × 1014 y. This isotope makes up the vast majority of all naturally occurring indium despite its slight radioactivity. The shortest-lived is 7B, with a half-life of a mere 350±50 × 10−24 s, being the boron isotope with the fewest neutrons and a half-life long enough to measure. Some radioisotopes have important roles in scientific research; a few are used in the production of goods for commercial use or, more rarely, as a component of finished products.[23]
History[edit]
The boron group has had many names over the years. According to former conventions it was Group IIIB in the European naming system and Group IIIA in the American. The group has also gained two collective names, "earth metals" and "triels". The latter name is derived from the Latin prefix tri- ("three") and refers to the three valence electrons that all of these elements, without exception, have in their valence shells.[1]
Boron was known to the ancient Egyptians, but only in the mineral borax. The metalloid element was not known in its pure form until 1808, when Humphry Davy was able to extract it by the method of electrolysis. Davy devised an experiment in which he dissolved a boron-containing compound in water and sent an electric current through it, causing the elements of the compound to separate into their pure states. To produce larger quantities he shifted from electrolysis to reduction with sodium. Davy named the element boracium. At the same time two French chemists, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis Jacques Thénard, used iron to reduce boric acid. The boron they produced was oxidized to boron oxide.[24][25]
Aluminium, like boron, was first known in minerals before it was finally extracted from alum, a common mineral in some areas of the world. Antoine Lavoisier and Humphry Davy had each separately tried to extract it. Although neither succeeded, Davy had given the metal its current name. It was only in 1825 that the Danish scientist Hans Christian Ørsted successfully prepared a rather impure form of the element. Many improvements followed, a significant advance being made just two years later by Friedrich Wöhler, whose slightly modified procedure still yielded an impure product. The first pure sample of aluminium is credited to Henri Etienne Sainte-Claire Deville, who substituted sodium for potassium in the procedure. At that time aluminium was considered precious, and it was displayed next to such metals as gold and silver.[25][26] The method used today, electrolysis of aluminium oxide dissolved in cryolite, was developed by Charles Martin Hall and Paul Héroult in the late 1880s.[25]
The mineral zinc blende, more commonly known as sphalerite, in which indium can occur.
Thallium, the heaviest stable element in the boron group, was discovered by William Crookes and Claude-Auguste Lamy in 1861. Unlike gallium and indium, thallium had not been predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev, having been discovered before Mendeleev invented the periodic table. As a result, no one was really looking for it until the 1850s when Crookes and Lamy were examining residues from sulfuric acid production. In the spectra they saw a completely new line, a streak of deep green, which Crookes named after the Greek word θαλλός (thallos), referring to a green shoot or twig. Lamy was able to produce larger amounts of the new metal and determined most of its chemical and physical properties.[27][28]
Indium is the fourth element of the boron group but was discovered before the third, gallium, and after the fifth, thallium. In 1863 Ferdinand Reich and his assistant, Hieronymous Theodor Richter, were looking in a sample of the mineral zinc blende, also known as sphalerite (ZnS), for the spectroscopic lines of the newly discovered element thallium. Reich heated the ore in a coil of platinum metal and observed the lines that appeared in a spectroscope. Instead of the green thallium lines that he expected, he saw a new line of deep indigo-blue. Concluding that it must come from a new element, they named it after the characteristic indigo color it had produced.[27][29]
Gallium minerals were not known before August 1875, when the element itself was discovered. It was one of the elements that the inventor of the periodic table, Dmitri Mendeleev, had predicted to exist six years earlier. While examining the spectroscopic lines in zinc blende the French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran found indications of a new element in the ore. In just three months he was able to produce a sample, which he purified by dissolving it in a potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution and sending an electric current through it. The next month he presented his findings to the French Academy of Sciences, naming the new element after the Greek name for Gaul, modern France.[30][31]
The last confirmed element in the boron group, nihonium, was not discovered but rather created or synthesized. The element's synthesis was first reported by the Dubna Joint Institute for Nuclear Research team in Russia and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the United States, though it was the Dubna team who successfully conducted the experiment in August 2003. Nihonium was discovered in the decay chain of moscovium, which produced a few precious atoms of nihonium. The results were published in January of the following year. Since then around 13 atoms have been synthesized and various isotopes characterized. However, their results did not meet the stringent criteria for being counted as a discovery, and it was the later RIKEN experiments of 2004 aimed at directly synthesizing nihonium that were acknowledged by IUPAC as the discovery.[32]
Etymology[edit]
The name "boron" comes from the Arabic word for the mineral borax,(بورق, boraq) which was known before boron was ever extracted. The "-on" suffix is thought to have been taken from "carbon"; so the name can regarded as a portmanteau of "borax" and "carbon".[33] Aluminium was named by Humphry Davy in the early 1800s. It is derived from the Greek word alumen, meaning bitter salt, or the Latin alum, the mineral.[34] Gallium is derived from the Latin Gallia, referring to France, the place of its discovery.[35] Indium comes from the Latin word indicum, meaning indigo dye, and refers to the element's prominent indigo spectroscopic line.[36] Thallium, like indium, is named after the Greek word for the color of its spectroscopic line: thallos, meaning a green twig or shoot.[37][38] "Nihonium" is named after Japan (Nihon in Japanese), where it was discovered.
Occurrence and abundance[edit]
Boron[edit]
Boron, with its atomic number of 5, is a very light element. Almost never found free in nature, it is very low in abundance, composing only 0.001% (10 ppm)[39] of the Earth's crust. It is known to occur in over a hundred different minerals and ores, however: the main source is borax, but it is also found in colemanite, boracite, kernite, tusionite, berborite and fluoborite.[40] Major world miners and extractors of boron include the United States, Turkey, Argentina, China, Bolivia and Peru. Turkey is by far the most prominent of these, accounting for around 70% of all boron extraction in the world. The United States is second, most of its yield coming from the state of California.[41]
Aluminium[edit]
Aluminium, in contrast to boron, is the most abundant metal in the Earth's crust, and the third most abundant element. It composes about 8.2% (82,000 ppm) of the Earth, surpassed only by oxygen and silicon.[39] It is like boron, however, in that it is uncommon in nature as a free element. This is due to aluminium’s tendency to attract oxygen atoms, forming several aluminium oxides. Aluminium is now known to occur in nearly as many minerals as boron, including garnets, turquoises and beryls, but the main source is the ore bauxite. The world's leading countries in the extraction of aluminium are Ghana, Surinam, Russia and Indonesia, followed by Australia, Guinea and Brazil.[42]
Gallium[edit]
Gallium is a relatively rare element in the Earth's crust and is not found in as many minerals as its lighter homologues. Its abundance on the Earth is a mere 0.0018% (18 ppm).[39] Its production is very low compared to other elements, but has increased greatly over the years as extraction methods have improved. Gallium can be found as a trace in a variety of ores, including bauxite and sphalerite, and in such minerals as diaspore and germanite. Trace amounts have been found in coal as well.[43] The gallium content is greater in a few minerals, including gallite (CuGaS2), but these are too rare to be counted as major sources and make negligible contributions to the world's supply.
Indium[edit]
Indium is another rare element in the boron group. Even less abundant than gallium at only 0.000005% (0.05 ppm),[39] it is the 61st most common element in the earth's crust. Very few indium-containing minerals are known, all of them scarce: an example is indite. Indium is found in several zinc ores, but only in minute quantities; likewise some copper and lead ores contain traces. As is the case for most other elements found in ores and minerals, the indium extraction process has become more efficient in recent years, ultimately leading to larger yields. Canada is the world's leader in indium reserves, but both the United States and China have comparable amounts.[44]
Thallium[edit]
A small bundle of fiberglass
Thallium is neither rare nor common in the Earth's crust, but falls somewhere in the middle. Its abundance is estimated to be 0.00006% (0.6 ppm).[39] Thallium is the 56th most common element in the earth's crust, more abundant than indium by a sizeable amount. It is found on the ground in some rocks, in the soil and in clay. Many sulfide ores of iron, zinc and cobalt contain thallium. In minerals it is found in moderate quantities: some examples are crookesite (in which it was first discovered), lorandite, routhierite, bukovite, hutchinsonite and sabatierite. There are other minerals that contain small amounts of thallium, but they are very rare and do not serve as primary sources. Macedonia is a notable thallium extractor and producer.
Nihonium[edit]
Nihonium is an element that is never found in nature but has been created in a laboratory. It is therefore classified as a synthetic element with no stable isotopes.
Applications[edit]
With the exception of synthetic nihonium, all the elements in the boron group have numerous uses and applications in the production and content of many items.
Boron has found many industrial applications in recent decades, and new ones are still being found. A common application is in fiberglass.[45] There has been rapid expansion in the market for borosilicate glass; most notable among its special qualities is a much greater resistance to thermal expansion than regular glass. Another commercially expanding use of boron and its derivatives is in ceramics. Several boron compounds, especially the oxides, have unique and valuable properties that have led to their substitution for other materials that are less useful. Boron may be found in pots, vases, plates, and ceramic pan-handles for its insulating properties. The compound borax is used in bleaches, for both clothes and teeth. The hardness of boron and some of its compounds give it a wide array of additional uses. A small part (5%) of the boron produced finds use in agriculture.[45]
Aluminium is a metal with numerous familiar uses in everyday life. It is most often encountered in construction materials, in electrical devices, especially as the conductor in cables, and in tools and vessels for cooking and preserving food. Aluminium's lack of reactivity with food products makes it particularly useful for canning. Its high affinity for oxygen makes it a powerful reducing agent. Finely powdered pure aluminium oxidizes rapidly in air, generating a huge amount of heat in the process (burning at about 5500 °F or 3037 °C), leading to applications in welding and elsewhere that a large amount of heat is needed. Aluminium is a component of alloys used for making lightweight bodies for aircraft. Cars also sometimes incorporate aluminium in their framework and body, and there are similar applications in military equipment. Less common uses include components of decorations and some guitars. The element is also sees use in a diverse range of electronics.[46][47]
Gallium is one of the chief components of blue LEDs
Gallium and its derivatives have only found applications in recent decades. Gallium arsenide has been used in semiconductors, in amplifiers, in solar cells (for example in satellites) and in tunnel diodes for FM transmitter circuits. Gallium alloys are used mostly for dental purposes. Gallium ammonium chloride is used for the leads in transistors.[48] A major application of gallium is in LED lighting. The pure element has been used as a dopant in semiconductors,[citation needed] and has additional uses in electronic devices with other elements. Gallium has the property of being able to 'wet' glass and porcelain, and thus can be used to make mirrors and other highly reflective objects. Gallium can be added to alloys of other metals to lower their melting points.
Indium's uses can be divided into four categories: the largest part (70%) of the production is used for coatings, usually combined as indium tin oxide (ITO); a smaller portion (12%) goes into alloys and solders; a similar amount is used in electrical components and in semiconductors; and the final 6% goes to minor applications.[49] Among the items in which indium may be found are platings, bearings, display devices, heat reflectors, phosphors, and nuclear control rods. Indium tin oxide has found a wide range of applications, including glass coatings, solar panels, streetlights, electrophosetic displays (EPDs), electroluminescent displays (ELDs), plasma display panels (PDPs), electrochemic displays (ECs), field emission displays (FEDs), sodium lamps, windshield glass and cathode ray tubes, making it the single most important indium compound.[50]
Thallium is used in its elemental form more often than the other boron-group elements. Uncompounded thallium is used in low-melting glasses, photoelectric cells, switches, mercury alloys for low-range glass thermometers, and thallium salts. It can be found in lamps and electronics, and is also used in myocardial imaging. The possibility of using thallium in semiconductors has been researched, and it is a known catalyst in organic synthesis. Thallium hydroxide (TlOH) is used mainly in the production of other thallium compounds. Thallium sulfate (Tl2SO4) is an outstanding vermin-killer, and it is a principal component in some rat and mouse poisons. However, the United States and some European countries have banned the substance because of its high toxicity to humans. In other countries, though, the market for the substance is growing. Tl2SO4 is also used in optical systems.[51]
Biological role[edit]
None of the group-13 elements has a major biological role in complex animals, but some are at least associated with a living being. As in other groups, the lighter elements usually have more biological roles than the heavier. The heaviest ones are toxic, as are the other elements in the same periods. Boron is essential in most plants, whose cells use it for such purposes as strengthening cell walls. It is found in humans, certainly as a trace element, but there is ongoing debate over its significance in human nutrition. Boron's chemistry does allow it to form complexes with such important molecules as carbohydrates, so it is plausible that it could be of greater use in the human body than previously thought. Boron has also been shown to be able to replace iron in some of its functions, particularly in the healing of wounds.[52] Aluminium has no known biological role in plants or animals. Gallium is not essential for the human body, but its relation to iron(III) allows it to become bound to proteins that transport and store iron.[53] Gallium can also stimulate metabolism. Indium and its heavier homologues have no biological role, although indium salts in small doses, like gallium, can stimulate metabolism.[29]
Toxicity[edit]
All of the elements in the boron group can be toxic, given a high enough dose. Some of them are only toxic to plants, some only to animals, and some to both.
As an example of boron toxicity, it has been observed to harm barley in concentrations exceeding 20 mM.[54] The symptoms of boron toxicity are numerous in plants, complicating research: they include reduced cell division, decreased shoot and root growth, decreased production of leaf chlorophyll, inhibition of photosynthesis, lowering of stomata conductance, reduced proton extrusion from roots, and deposition of lignin and suborgin.[55]
Aluminium does not present a prominent toxicity hazard in small quantities, but very large doses are slightly toxic. Gallium is not considered toxic, although it may have some minor effects. Indium is not toxic and can be handled with nearly the same precautions as gallium, but some of its compounds are slightly to moderately toxic.
Thallium, unlike gallium and indium, is extremely toxic, and has caused many poisoning deaths. Its most noticeable effect, apparent even from tiny doses, is hair loss all over the body, but it causes a wide range of other symptoms, disrupting and eventually halting the functions of many organs. The nearly colorless, odorless and tasteless nature of thallium compounds has led to their use by murderers. The incidence of thallium poisoning, intentional and accidental, increased when thallium (with its similarly toxic compound, thallium sulfate) was introduced to control rats and other pests. The use of thallium pesticides has therefore been prohibited since 1975 in many countries, including the USA.
Nihonium is a highly unstable element and decays by emitting alpha particles. Due to its strong radioactivity, it would definitely be extremely toxic, although significant quantities of nihonium (larger than a few atoms) have not yet been assembled.[56]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ The name icosagens for group 13 has occasionally been used,[2] in reference to the icosahedral structures characteristically formed by its elements.
Jump up ^ To this date, no nihonium compounds have been synthesized, and all proposed compounds are entirely theoretical.
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Jellison, G. E.; Panek, L. W.; Bray, P. J.; Rouse, G. B. (1977). "Determinations of structure and bonding in vitreous B2O3 by means of B10, B11, and O17 NMR". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 66 (2): 802. Bibcode:1977JChPh..66..802J. doi:10.1063/1.433959. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
Jump up ^ Henderson, p. 60
Jump up ^ Young, J. P.; Haire, R. G.; Peterson, J. R.; Ensor, D. D.; Fellow, R. L. (1981). "Chemical Consequences of Radioactive Decay. 2. Spectrophotometric Study of the Ingrowth of Berkelium-249 and Californium-249 Into Halides of Einsteinium-253". Inorganic Chemistry. 20 (11): 3979–3983. doi:10.1021/ic50225a076.
Jump up ^ Francis, William (1918). "The Chemical Gazette, or Journal of Practical Chemistry". XVI. Boston, Ma: 269.
Jump up ^ Roza, Greg (2010). The Halogen Elements: Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, Astatine. NY, New York, USA: The Rozen Publishing Group, Inc. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-4358-3556-6.
Jump up ^ Girard, James E. (2010). Criminalistics: Forensic Science, Crime and Terrorism. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 221. ISBN 978-0-7637-7731-9.
Jump up ^ Henderson, p. 57
Jump up ^ Barrett, Jack (2001). Structure and bonding. Cambridge, UK: The Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 91. ISBN 0-85404-647-X.
Jump up ^ Protchenko, Andrey V.; Dange, Deepak; Harmer, Jeffrey R.; Tang, Christina Y.; Schwarz, Andrew D.; Kelly, Michael J.; Phillips, Nicholas; Tirfoin, Remi; Birjkumar, Krishna Hassomal; Jones, Cameron; Kaltsoyannis, Nikolas; Mountford, Philip; Aldridge, Simon (16 February 2014). "Stable GaX2, InX2 and TlX2 radicals". Nature Chemistry. 6 (4): 315–319. Bibcode:2014NatCh...6..315P. doi:10.1038/nchem.1870. PMID 24651198.
Jump up ^ Aldridge, Simon; Downs, Anthony J.; Downs, Tony (2011). The Group 13 Metals Aluminium, Gallium, Indium and Thallium: Chemical Patterns and Peculiarities. John Wiley & Sons. p. ii. ISBN 978-0-470-68191-6.
Jump up ^ Downs, pp. 19–24
Jump up ^ Krebs, Robert E. (2006). The History and Use of Our Earth's Chemical Elements: A Reference Guide. Greenwood Press. p. 176. ISBN 978-0-313-33438-2.
^ Jump up to: a b c Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The discovery of the elements. XII. Other elements isolated with the aid of potassium and sodium: Beryllium, boron, silicon, and aluminium". Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (8): 1386. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9.1386W. doi:10.1021/ed009p1386.
Jump up ^ Downs, p. 15
^ Jump up to: a b Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The discovery of the elements. XIII. Some spectroscopic discoveries". Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (8): 1413. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9.1413W. doi:10.1021/ed009p1413.
Jump up ^ Enghag, Per (2004). Encyclopedia of the elements: technical data, history, processing, applications. p. 71. ISBN 978-3-527-30666-4.
^ Jump up to: a b Emsley, p. 192
Jump up ^ Emsley, pp. 158–159
Jump up ^ Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The discovery of the elements. XV. Some elements predicted by Mendeleeff". Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (9): 1605–1619. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9.1605W. doi:10.1021/ed009p1605.
Jump up ^ Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Utyonkoy, V.; Lobanov, Yu.; Abdullin, F.; Polyakov, A.; Shirokovsky, I.; Tsyganov, Yu.; Gulbekian, G.; Bogomolov, S. (2004). "Experiments on the synthesis of element 115 in the reaction 243Am(48Ca,xn)291−x115" (PDF). Physical Review C. 69 (2): 021601. Bibcode:2004PhRvC..69b1601O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.69.021601.
Jump up ^ Lavrova, Natalie (2010). Word-Building Strategies in Modern English. Germany: GRIN Verlag. p. 95. ISBN 978-3-640-53719-8.
Jump up ^ Bugarski, Ranko (2000). Tomić, Olga Mišeska; Milorad, Radovanović, eds. History and perspectives of language study. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing Co. p. 211. ISBN 90-272-3692-5.
Jump up ^ Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The discovery of the elements. XIII. Some elements predicted by Mendeleeff". Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (9): 1605–1619. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9.1605W. doi:10.1021/ed009p1605.
Jump up ^ Venetskii, S. (1971). "Indium". Metallurgist. 15 (2): 148–150. doi:10.1007/BF01088126.
Jump up ^ Harper, Douglas. "thallium". Online Etymology Dictionary.
Jump up ^ Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The discovery of the elements. XIII. Supplementary note on the discovery of thallium". Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (12): 2078. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9.2078W. doi:10.1021/ed009p2078.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Kotz, John C.; Treichel, Paul & Townsend, John Raymond (2009). Chemistry and chemical reactivity. 2. Belmont, Ca, USA: Thomson Books. p. 979. ISBN 0-495-38712-6.
Jump up ^ Klein, Cornelis and Hurlbut, Cornelius Jr. (1985) Manual of Mineralogy, Wiley, 20th ed., pp. 343–347, ISBN 0-471-80580-7
Jump up ^ Zbayolu, G.; Poslu, K. (1992). "Mining and Processing of Borates in Turkey". Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review. 9 (1–4): 245–254. doi:10.1080/08827509208952709.
Jump up ^ Emsley, pp. 22–26
Jump up ^ Shan Xiao-quan; Wang Wen & Wen Bei (1992). "Determination of gallium in coal and coal fly ash by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using slurry sampling and nickel chemical modification". Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. 7 (5): 761. doi:10.1039/JA9920700761.
Jump up ^ Schwarz-Schampera, Ulrich; M. Herzig; Peter; für Geowissenschaften & Rohstoffe, Bundesanstalt (2002). Indium: geology, mineralogy, and economics. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. p. 161. ISBN 3-540-43135-7.
^ Jump up to: a b Roesky, H.W.; Atwood, David A. (2003). Group 13 chemistry III: industrial applications. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. pp. 3–10. ISBN 3-540-44105-0.
Jump up ^ Gregory, J. W. (2004). the elements of economic geology. Taylor & Francis. p. 152.
Jump up ^ Chatterjee, K. K. (2007). Uses Of Metals And Metallic Minerals. New Age International. p. 9. ISBN 978-81-224-2040-1.
Jump up ^ Chandler, Harry (1998). Metallurgy for the non-metallurgist. ASM International. p. 59. ISBN 0-87170-652-0.
Jump up ^ US Department of the Interior (2007). Minerals Yearbook: Metals And Minerals; 2005. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. pp. 36–1. ISBN 978-1-4113-1980-6.
Jump up ^ Schwarz-Schampera, Ulrich; M. Herzig, Peter; für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Bundesanstal (2002). Indium: geology, mineralogy, and economics. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. p. 169. ISBN 3-540-43135-7.
Jump up ^ Mager, Jeanne (1998). Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labor Organization Publications. p. section 63.40. ISBN 978-92-2-109816-4.
Jump up ^ Reilly, Conor (2004). The nutritional trace metals. Ames, Iowa: Blackwell Publishing. p. 217. ISBN 1-4051-1040-6.
Jump up ^ Crichton, Robert R. (2008). Biological inorganic chemistry: an introduction. UK. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-444-52740-0.
Jump up ^ Fangsen, Xu (2007). Advances in plant and animal boron nutrition. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. p. 84. ISBN 1-4020-5382-7.
Jump up ^ Lovatt, Carol J.; Bates, Loretta M. (1984). "Early effects of excess boron on photosynthesis and growth". Journal of Experimental Botany. 35 (3): 297–305. doi:10.1093/jxb/35.3.297.
Jump up ^ Dobbs, Michael (2009). Clinical neurotoxicology: syndromes, substances, environments. Philadelphia: Saunders. p. 277. ISBN 978-0-323-05260-3.
Bibliography[edit]
Downs, Anthony John (1993). Chemistry of aluminium, gallium, indium, and thallium. Chapman and Hall Inc. pp. 197–201. ISBN 978-0-7514-0103-5.
Emsley, John (2006). Nature's building blocks: an A-Z guide to the elements. Greenwood Press. p. 192. ISBN 978-0-19-850340-8.
Henderson, W. (2000). Main group chemistry. Cambridge, UK: The Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 6. ISBN 0-85404-617-8.
External links[edit]
oxide (chemical compound) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Britannica.com. Retrieved on 2011-05-16.
Visual Elements: Group 13. Rsc.org. Retrieved on 2011-05-16.
Trends In Chemical Reactivity Of Group 13 Elements. Tutorvista.com. Retrieved on 2011-05-16.
[1] etymonline.com Retrieved on 2011-07-27
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Periodic table (Large cells)
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8
9
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13
14
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18
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H He
2
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4
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7
Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
Alkali metal Alkaline earth metal Lanthanide Actinide Transition metal Post-transition metal Metalloid Reactive nonmetal Noble gas Unknown
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Boron group elements
Boron
B
Atomic Number: 5
Atomic Weight: 10.811
Melting Point: 2573.15 K
Boiling Point: 4200 K
Specific mass: 2.34 g/cm3
Electronegativity: 2.04
Aluminium
Al
Atomic Number: 13
Atomic Weight: 26.9815386
Melting Point: 933.4 K
Boiling Point: 2792 K
Specific mass: 2.698 g/cm3
Electronegativity: 1.61
Gallium
Ga
Atomic Number: 31
Atomic Weight: 69.723
Melting Point: 302.91 K
Boiling Point: 2477 K
Specific mass: 5.907 g/cm3
Electronegativity: 1.81
Indium
In
Atomic Number: 49
Atomic Weight: 114.818
Melting Point: 429.91 K
Boiling Point: 2345 K
Specific mass: 7.31 g/cm3
Electronegativity: 1.78
Thallium
Tl
Atomic Number: 81
Atomic Weight: 204.3833
Melting Point: 577.15 K
Boiling Point: 1746 K
Specific mass: 11.85 g/cm3
Electronegativity: 1.62
Nihonium
Nh
Atomic Number: 113
Atomic Weight: [286]
Melting Point: ? 700 K
Boiling Point: ? 1400 K
Specific mass: ? 18 g/cm3
Electronegativity: ?
Authority control
GND: 4326018-4
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Jay Baruchel
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Jay Baruchel
Baruchel at Joint Base McGuire–Dix–Lakehurst, 2014.
Born
Jonathan Adam Saunders Baruchel
(1982-04-09) April 9, 1982 (age 35)
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Residence
Toronto, Ontario, Canada[1][2]
Occupation
Actor, comedian, screenwriter, director, producer, model
Years active
1995–present
Jonathan Adam Saunders "Jay" Baruchel (/ˈbæruːˌʃɛl/; born April 9, 1982) is a Canadian actor, comedian, screenwriter, director, and producer. He played Josh Greenberg in the FXX comedy television series Man Seeking Woman and played the lead character in Judd Apatow's comedy series, Undeclared. He is known for his voice role as Hiccup Horrendous Haddock III in the How to Train Your Dragon franchise, and for his roles in comedy movies such as Knocked Up, Tropic Thunder, Fanboys, She's Out of My League, Goon, and This Is the End.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
3 Personal life
4 Filmography
4.1 Film
4.2 Television
5 Awards and nominations
6 References
7 External links
Early life[edit]
Baruchel was born in Ottawa, Ontario,[3][4][5] the son of Robyne (née Ropell), a freelance writer, and Serge Baruchel, an antiques dealer.[6][7] He grew up in the Notre-Dame-de-Grâce neighbourhood of Montreal, Quebec,[8] and has a younger sister, Taylor.[9] His paternal grandfather was a Sephardic Jew, while his three other grandparents were from a Christian background (of French, Irish, and German descent).[10][11] Baruchel has said that he is "probably agnostic".[12][13]
Career[edit]
One of his first major acting roles was on local television series My Hometown in 1996. From 1997 to 1998, he co-hosted Popular Mechanics for Kids with Elisha Cuthbert. After appearing briefly in Cameron Crowe's Oscar-winning Almost Famous, Baruchel won the role of Steven Karp on Judd Apatow's acclaimed yet short-lived television series Undeclared, where he starred alongside Seth Rogen, Carla Gallo, Charlie Hunnam and Monica Keena. He then appeared with James Van Der Beek in Roger Avary's The Rules of Attraction.
In 2004, Baruchel played boxing hopeful Danger Barch in Clint Eastwood's Million Dollar Baby. Baruchel then starred in Nemesis Game and Fetching Cody, before appearing opposite Don Johnson on the WB's Just Legal in 2005, and guest-starring on the CBS drama Numb3rs in 2006.
Baruchel appeared in the films Knocked Up (which reunited him with Judd Apatow, Jason Segel, and Seth Rogen), I'm Reed Fish, Just Buried, and the Ben Stiller-directed Tropic Thunder, alongside Jack Black, Nick Nolte, Steve Coogan and Robert Downey, Jr. He co-starred with Seth Rogen in the 2007 trailer for Jay and Seth vs. The Apocalypse, created by Rogen and Evan Goldberg as a strategy to garner interest and funding for a similar, larger-scale project (later made in 2013 as This Is the End). In 2008, he appeared in Nick and Norah's Infinite Playlist. He also made a brief appearance in Night at the Museum 2: Battle of the Smithsonian.
In 2010, Baruchel starred in the films The Trotsky, DreamWorks' She's Out of My League (opposite Alice Eve),[14] and the live-action Disney adaptation of The Sorcerer's Apprentice. He also voiced the starring role in the acclaimed animated feature, How to Train Your Dragon, a role he has subsequently continued throughout the franchise, including its television series. Also in 2010, he played two supporting characters in the Canadian comedy series The Drunk and On Drugs Happy Fun Time Hour.[15] He developed the screenplay for Goon, with Evan Goldberg, playing Johnny Klutz, a character of his own creation.[16] Goon co-stars Seann William Scott and fellow Canadian actor, Eugene Levy.[17] Baruchel will also star in and direct the comedy/horror/slasher film Pig.[18]
Baruchel also appeared in the 2010 Adidas Originals ad campaign, "Cantina", in conjunction with the FIFA World Cup and in video clips for Canadian prog-rockers Rush's 2012–13 Clockwork Angels tour.
In July 2012, he appeared in the music video for the song "Toxsik Waltz" by rapper Necro. In the summer of 2013, he starred in the hit apocalyptic comedy This Is the End and in 2014, he appeared in the RoboCop remake and reprised his role as Hiccup in How to Train Your Dragon 2.
Baruchel is in the process of writing the sequel to Goon.[19][20]
In July 2014, it was announced that Baruchel will be starring in the FXX comedy Man Seeking Woman which premiered in January 2015.[21]
Personal life[edit]
Baruchel was previously engaged to actress Alison Pill from 2011 to 2013. He alluded to their break-up in a Twitter posting on February 16, 2013.[22]
Baruchel has several tattoos: a Celtic cross (on his upper right arm) to honour his Irish heritage,[23] his mother's maiden name (on his forearm) and a red Maple Leaf on his left pectoral (which can be seen in Fanboys, Knocked Up, Tropic Thunder and This Is the End).[24]
Baruchel is also an avid fan of Celtic F.C. and the Montreal Canadiens.[25][26] He appeared in the 2015 music video for the song "Every Little Means Trust" by Idlewild.[27]
Filmography[edit]
Film[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1999 Running Home Kid #2
Who Gets the House? Jonathan
2000 Almost Famous Vic Munoz
2002 The Rules of Attraction Harry
Edgar and Jane Short film; director, writer and producer
2003 Nemesis Game Jeremy Curran
2004 Million Dollar Baby Danger Barch
2005 Fetching Cody Art Frankel
2007 Knocked Up Jay
Jay and Seth versus the Apocalypse Jay Baruchel Short film; also writer
I'm Reed Fish Reed Fish
Just Buried Oliver Whynacht
2008 Real Time Andy Hayes
Tropic Thunder Kevin Sandusky
Nick and Norah's Infinite Playlist Tal Hanson
2009 Fanboys Windows
Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian Sailor Joey Motorola
2010 She's Out of My League Kirk Kettner
How to Train Your Dragon Hiccup (voice)
The Trotsky Leon
The Sorcerer's Apprentice Dave Stutler
Legend of the Boneknapper Dragon Hiccup (voice) Short film
Good Neighbours Victor
2011 Book of Dragons Hiccup (voice) Short film
Gift of the Night Fury
2012 Goon Pat Also writer and producer
Cosmopolis Shiner
2013 This Is the End Himself Also co-producer
The Art of the Steal Francie
2014 RoboCop Tom Pope
Don Peyote Bates
How to Train Your Dragon 2 Hiccup (voice)
Dawn of the Dragon Racers Short film
2016 Lovesick Mark
2017 Goon: Last of the Enforcers Pat Also director and writer
Television[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1995, 1999–2000 Are You Afraid of the Dark? Joe / Alex / Ross Doyle / Jason Midas 4 episodes
1996–1998 My Hometown Thomas Thompson 40 episodes
1997–1998 Popular Mechanics for Kids Himself 22 episodes
1998 The Worst Witch Bean Pole Episode: "The Great Outdoors"
2001–2002 Undeclared Steven Karp 17 episodes
2002 Matthew Blackheart: Monster Smasher Jimmy Fleming Television film
2004 The Stones Winston Stone 6 episodes
2005–2006 Just Legal Skip Ross 8 episodes
2006–2007 Numb3rs Oswald Kittner 2 episodes
2011 The Drunk and On Drugs Happy Fun Time Hour Private Prosciutto / Falcon 2 episodes
2012–present DreamWorks Dragons Hiccup (voice) 92 episodes
2012 Being Human Stu Episode: "When I Think About You I Shred Myself"
2014 Trailer Park Boys Directed episode: "Crawling Through the Shitpipe"
2015–2017 Man Seeking Woman[28] Josh Greenberg 30 episodes
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Result
Work
2007 US Comedy Arts Festival Best Actor Award Won I'm Reed Fish
2010 Canadian Comedy Awards Best Performance by a Male - Film[29] Won The Trotsky
2011 Jutra Awards Best Actor (Meilleur Acteur) Won The Trotsky
2011 Online Film & Television Association Best Voice-Over Performance Won How to Train Your Dragon
2011 Vancouver Film Critics Circle Best Actor in a Canadian Film Nominated The Trotsky
2011 Genie Awards Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role Nominated The Trotsky
2011 Annie Awards Best Voice Acting in an Animated Feature Production Won How to Train Your Dragon
2013 Canadian Screen Awards Adapted Screenplay (shared with Evan Goldberg) Nominated Goon
2013 Vancouver Film Critics Circle Best Supporting Actor in a Canadian Film Nominated Goon
2014 Canadian Screen Awards Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role Nominated The Art of the Steal
2014 MTV Movie Awards Best Musical Moment Won This Is the End
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Jay Baruchel says he adores living in Toronto".
Jump up ^ "Jay Baruchel talks about why he's high on Hogtown".
Jump up ^ Fontaine, Hugo (July 19, 2014). "Hab at Heart – Jay Baruchel". NHL. Retrieved December 5, 2015. You’re born in Ottawa, but you were been raised and still live in Montreal.
Jump up ^ Brioux, Bill (July 21, 2014). "Jay Baruchel TV Show, 'Man Seeking Woman,' Coming To FXX". The Huffington Post. Retrieved November 15, 2015. ...a native of Ottawa who grew up in Montreal...
Jump up ^ Vlessing, Etan (October 19, 2015). "Jay Baruchel Makes Televised Voting Pitch as Justin Trudeau Wins Canadian Election". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved November 15, 2015. ...the Ottawa-born Baruchel..
Jump up ^ "Quick Study". People. November 12, 2001. Retrieved March 12, 2010.
Jump up ^ Rich, Katey (March 10, 2010). "Interview: Jay Baruchel On Why He Won't Do Nude Scenes". Cinemablend. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ "JAY BARUCHEL: CANADA'S PROUDEST SON". Retrieved September 14, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Jay Baruchel Biography". Yahoo! Movies. Retrieved November 10, 2007.
Jump up ^ Simonpillai, Radheyan (May 13, 2010). "Jay Baruchel is the Trotsky". NOW Magazine. Retrieved May 13, 2010. The funny thing is, Baruchel is only a quarter Jewish... His background is also French and Irish-Catholic... He may be hard to identify ethnically...
Jump up ^ "Celebrity Interview: Jay Baruchel". Retrieved March 7, 2010.
Jump up ^ McLeod, Andre (2008). "Jay Baruchel: Breaking Out". Complex. Retrieved March 12, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Montreal actor improvising his way to the top". Canada.com. January 3, 2008. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
Jump up ^ INTERVIEW: Jay Baruchel On She’s Out Of My League – Rip It Up Magazine Retrieved September 15, 2010
Jump up ^ "The Boys are back and on drugs". The Globe and Mail, July 12, 2010.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys. "Uni stumbles onto Jay Baruchel's 'Klutz'" The Hollywood Reporter March 11, 2009
Jump up ^ McClintock, Pamela (October 27, 2010). "Eugene Levy joins 'Goon' squad, Variety".
Jump up ^ Dyar, Amanda (March 10, 2010). "Is There a New Psycho Cop Getting Ready to Walk the Beat?". Dreadcentral.com. Retrieved April 8, 2011.
Jump up ^ Connelly, Brendon (July 6, 2013). "Jay Baruchel Explains Plans for a Goon Sequel". bleedingcool.com. Retrieved July 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ Goldberg, Matt (May 9, 2014). "Evan Goldberg Talks about Goon 2; Says They’re Trying to Figure out Deals". collider.com.
Jump up ^ Staff, Variety (July 2, 2014). "FXX Orders ‘Man Seeking Woman’ Starring Jay Baruchel". variety.com. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Alison Pill, Jay Baruchel Call Off Engagement". usmagazine.com. March 5, 2013. Retrieved July 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Celebrity Interview: Jay Baruchel". TV3. April 7, 2010. Retrieved July 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ Farquharson, Vanessa (May 11, 2010). "The Trotsky's Jay Baruchel: On moviemaking, microphones and mom tattoos". The National Post. Retrieved July 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Hab at Heart – Jay Baruchel". nhl.com. Retrieved July 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kelly, Brendan (April 29, 2013). "Jay Baruchel and Marc-Andre Grondin talk about the magic of the Stanley Cup". Montreal Gazette. Retrieved November 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ Lester, Paul (April 9, 2015). "Jay Baruchel Meets Idlewild:'You Saved My Life'". The Guardian. Retrieved August 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ Variety Staff. "FXX Orders ‘Man Seeking Woman’ Starring Jay Baruchel". Variety. Retrieved July 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Canadian Comedy Awards". NOW Toronto Magazine - Think Free. 19 October 2010. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jay Baruchel.
Official website
Jay Baruchel on IMDb
Jay Baruchel on Twitter
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Daveigh Chase (2002)
Ellen DeGeneres (2003)
Brad Bird (2004)
Peter Sallis (2005)
Ian McKellen (2006)
Ian Holm (2007)
Dustin Hoffman (2008)
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Jay Baruchel (2010)
Bill Nighy (2011)
Alan Tudyk (2012)
Josh Gad (2013)
Ben Kingsley (2014)
Phyllis Smith (2015)
Jason Bateman/Auli'i Cravalho (2016)
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VIAF: 164048059
LCCN: no2006079505
ISNI: 0000 0001 2197 6094
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SUDOC: 094264635
BNF: cb162557684 (data)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jay_Baruchel&oldid=800971158"
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