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Midday Meal Scheme
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Midday Meal Scheme
Primary school children receiving Midday Meal in Maharashtra
Country
India
Launched
1995
Status
Active
The Midday Meal Scheme is a school meal programme of the Government of India designed to improve the nutritional status of school-age children nationwide.[1] The programme supplies free lunches on working days for children in primary and upper primary classes in government, government aided, local body, Education Guarantee Scheme, and alternate innovative education centres, Madarsa and Maqtabs supported under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, and National Child Labour Project schools run by the ministry of labour.[2] Serving 120,000,000 children in over 1,265,000 schools and Education Guarantee Scheme centres, it is the largest such programme in the world.[3]
Under article 24, paragraph 2c[4] of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, to which India is a party,[5] India has committed to providing "adequate nutritious foods" for children. The programme has undergone many changes since its launch in 1995. The Midday Meal Scheme is covered by the National Food Security Act, 2013. The legal backing to the Indian school meal programme is similar to the legal backing provided in the US through the National School Lunch Act.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Pre-independence and post-independence initiatives
1.2 Initiatives by the central government
1.3 Supreme court order
1.3.1 Interim orders
1.4 Entitlements
1.5 Finances
1.6 Implementation models
1.6.1 Decentralised model
1.6.2 Centralised model
1.6.3 International assistance
2 Monitoring and evaluation
2.1 Monitoring mechanism
3 Evaluation of the scheme
4 Criticism
5 See also
6 References
History[edit]
Pre-independence and post-independence initiatives[edit]
The roots of the programme can be traced back to the pre-independence era, when a mid day meal programme was introduced in 1925 in Madras Corporation by the British administration.[3] A mid day meal programme was introduced in the Union Territory of Puducherry by the French administration in 1930.[6]
Initiatives by state governments to children began with their launch of a mid day meal programme in primary schools in the 1962–63 school year. Tamil Nadu is a pioneer in introducing mid day meal programmes in India to increase the number of kids coming to school; Thiru K. Kamaraj, then Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, introduced it first in Chennai and later extended it to all districts of Tamil Nadu.[7]
During 1982, July 1st onwards, the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, Thiru. M. G. Ramachandran upgraded the existing Mid-day meal scheme in the state to 'Nutritious food scheme' keeping in the mind that 68 lakh children suffer malnutrition.[8]
Gujarat was the second state to introduce an MDM scheme in 1984, but it was later discontinued.[9]
A midday meal scheme was introduced in Kerala in 1984, and was gradually expanded to include more schools and grades.[10] By 1990–91, twelve states were funding the scheme to all or most of the students in their area: Goa, Gujarat, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura and Uttar Pradesh. Karnataka, Orissa, and West Bengal received international aid to help with implementation of the programme, and in Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan the programme was funded entirely using foreign aid.[11]
In Karnataka, Children's LoveCastles Trust started to provide mid-day meals in 1997. A total of eight schools were adopted and a food bank programme and an Angganwasi milk Programme were started. The food-bank programme was replaced by the State Government midday meal scheme.[12]
Initiatives by the central government[edit]
The government of India initiated the National Programme of Nutritional Support to Primary Education (NP-NSPE) on 15 August 1995.[3] The objective of the scheme is to help improve the effectiveness of primary education by improving the nutritional status of primary school children. Initially, the scheme was implemented in 2,408 blocks of the country to provide food to students in classes one through five of government, government-aided and local body run schools. By 1997–98, the scheme had been implemented across the country. Under this programme, a cooked mid day meal with 300 calories and 12 grams of protein is provided to all children enrolled in classes one to five. In October 2007, the scheme included students in upper primary classes of six to eight in 3,479 educationally backward blocks,[13] and the name was changed from National Programme for Nutrition Support to Primary Education to National Programme of Mid Day Meals in Schools.[14]
Though cooked food was to be provided, most states (apart from those already providing cooked food) chose to provide "dry rations" to students. "Dry rations" refers to the provision of uncooked 3 kg of wheat or rice to children with 80% attendance.
Supreme court order[edit]
In April 2001, the People’s Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL) initiated the public interest litigation (Civil) No. 196/2001, People’s Union for Civil Liberties v. Union of India & Others[15] – popularly known as the "right to food" case. The PUCL argued that article 21 – "right to life" of the Indian constitution when read together with articles 39(a) and 47, makes the right to food a derived fundamental right which is enforceable by virtue of the constitutional remedy provided under article 32 of the constitution. The PUCL argued that excess food stocks with the Food Corporation of India should be fed to hungry citizens. This included providing mid day meals in primary schools. The scheme came into force with the supreme court order dated 28 November 2001,[16] which requires all government and government-assisted primary schools to provide cooked midday meals.[17]
Interim orders[edit]
The supreme court occasionally issues interim orders regarding midday meals.[18] Some examples are:[17]
Order regarding
Exact text
Order dated
Basic entitlement "Every child in every Government and Government assisted Primary Schools with a prepared mid day meal with a minimum content of 300 calories and 8–12 grams of protein each day of school for a minimum of 200 days" 28 November 2001[19]
Charges on conversion cost "The conversion costs for a cooked meal, under no circumstances, shall be recovered from the children or their parents" 20 April 2004[20]
Central assistance "The Central Government... shall also allocate funds to meet with the conversion costs of food-grains into cooked midday meals" 20 April 2004[20]
Kitchen sheds "The Central Government shall make provisions for construction of kitchen sheds" 20 April 2004[20]
Priority to Dalit cooks "In appointment of cooks and helpers, preference shall be given to Dalits, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes" 20 April 2004[20]
Quality safeguards "Attempts shall be made for better infrastructure, improved facilities (safe drinking water etc.), closer monitoring (regular inspection etc.) and other quality safeguards as also the improvement of the contents of the meal so as to provide nutritious meal to the children of the primary schools" 20 April 2004[20]
Drought areas "In drought affected areas, midday meals shall be supplied even during summer vacations" 20 April 2004[20]
Entitlements[edit]
The nutritional guidelines for the minimum amount of food and calorie content per child per day are:[2]
Entitlement norm per child per day under MDM
Item
Primary (class one to five)
Upper primary (class six to eight)
Calories 450 700
Protein (in grams ) 12 20
Rice / wheat (in grams ) 100 150
Dal (in grams ) 20 30
Vegetables (in grams ) 50 75
Oil and fat (in grams ) 5 7.5
In the case of micronutrients (vitamin A, iron, and folate) tablets and de-worming medicines, the student is entitled to receive the amount provided for in the school health programme of the National Rural Health Mission.[21]
Finances[edit]
The central and state governments share the cost of the Midday Meal Scheme, with the centre providing 60 percent and the states 40 percent.[22] The central government provides grains and financing for other food. Costs for facilities, transportation, and labour is shared by the federal and state governments.[23] The participating states contribute different amounts of money.[17] While the eleventh five-year plan allocated ₹384.9 billion (US$5.7 billion) for the scheme, the twelfth five-year plan has allocated ₹901.55 billion (US$13 billion), a 134 percent rise.[24] The public expenditure for the Mid Day Meal Programme has gone up from ₹73.24 billion (US$1.1 billion) in 2007–08 to ₹132.15 billion (US$2.0 billion) in 2013–14.[25] The per day cooking cost per child at the primary level has been fixed to ₹4.13 (6.2¢ US) while at the upper primary level is ₹6.18 (9.2¢ US).[26]
Implementation models[edit]
Decentralised model[edit]
This is the most widespread practice. In the decentralised model, meals are cooked on-site by local cooks and helpers or self-help groups. This system has the advantage of being able to serve local cuisine, providing jobs in the area, and minimising waste. It also allows for better monitoring (e.g., by parents and teachers).
In the absence of adequate infrastructure (such as kitchen sheds, utensils etc.), it can lead to accidents and maintaining hygiene can be difficult.[27] In 2004, 87 children died when the thatched roof of a classroom was ignited by sparks from a cooking fire,.[28] In 2011, a child died after succumbing to burn injuries she sustained after accidentally falling into a cooking vessel.[29]
Centralised model[edit]
In the centralised model, an external organisation cooks and delivers the meal to schools, mostly through public-private partnerships. Centralised kitchens are seen more in urban areas, where density of schools is high so that transporting food is a financially viable option. Advantages of centralised kitchens include ensuring better hygienic as large scale cooking is done through largely automated processes. Various NGOs such as the Akshaya Patra Foundation, Ekta Shakti Foundation, Naandi Foundation, and Jay Gee Humanitarian Society & People's Forum provides mid-day meals.[22]
A study of centralised kitchens in Delhi in 2007 found that even with centralised kitchens, the quality of food needed to be improved.[30] The study also found that when the food arrives and is of inadequate quality, even teachers feel helpless and do not know whom to complain to.
The Ministry of Human Resource Development reported that 95% of tested meal samples prepared by NGOs in Delhi did not meet nutritional standards in 2010–12. In response, the ministry withheld 50% of the payment for the deficient meals.[31]
International assistance[edit]
International voluntary and charity organisations have assisted. Church World Service has provided milk powder to Delhi and Madras Municipal Corporation; CARE has provided corn soya meal, Bulgar wheat, and vegetable oils; and UNICEF has provided high proteins foods and educational support.[32] In 1982, 'Food for Learning' was launched with assistance from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Initially the programme was aimed at scheduled caste and scheduled tribe girls.[32] In 1983, the federal Department of Education prepared a scheme under the auspices of the World Food Programme to supply meals to 13.6 million scheduled caste girls and 10.09 million scheduled tribe girls in classes one to five in 15 states and three union territories. The value of the food itself was $163.27 million per year.[32] Labour, facilities, and transportation costs were to be paid by the state governments. The reaction among the states and union territories was mixed. Many states were interested, but some were concerned about their ability to afford it if the FAO support were to be withdrawn.[1]
Monitoring and evaluation[edit]
Monitoring mechanism[edit]
Committees to monitor the MDM Programme[23]
Level
Committee
Frequency of meeting
National The national level steering / monitoring committee
Program Approval Board (PAB) Quarterly
State The state level steering / monitoring committee Quarterly
District The district level committee Monthly
Municipal The municipal committee Monthly
Block The Mandal level committee Fortnightly
Village Panchayat level sub-committee Day-to-day functioning of the implementing of the scheme
School School management and development committee
or Parent Teacher Association. Monthly and as when it is
required
The government of India Review Missions on Mid Day Meal Scheme, comprising members from the central government, state governments, UNICEF, and the office of the supreme court commissioner was created in 2010 to review the programme and offer suggestions for improvement.[33] The scheme is independently monitored twice a year.[34]
Evaluation of the scheme[edit]
The MDM scheme has many potential benefits: attracting children from disadvantaged sections (especially girls, Dalits and Adivasis) to school, improving regularity, nutritional benefits, socialisation benefits and benefits to women are some that have been highlighted.[35][36]
Studies by economists show that some of these benefits have indeed been realised. The positive effect on enrollment of disadvantaged children (Dreze and Kingdon), on attendance (by Chakraborty, Jayaraman, Pande),[37] on learning effort (by Booruah, Afridi and Somanathan), on improving nutritional inputs (Afridi), on improving nutritional outcomes (by Singh, Dercon and Parker), and so on.
Caste based discrimination continues to occur in the serving of food, though the government seems unwilling to acknowledge this.[38] Sukhdeo Thorat and Joel Lee found in their 2005 study that caste discrimination was occurring in conjunction with the Mid Day Meals programme.[39]
Media reports also document the positive effect of the programme for women, especially working women[40] and its popularity among parents, children and teachers alike. Media reports have also highlighted several implementation issues, including irregularity, corruption, hygiene, caste discrimination, etc. A few such incidents are listed below:
- In December 2005, Delhi police seized eight trucks laden with 2,760 sacks of rice meant for primary school children. The rice was being transported from Food Corporation of India godowns Bulandshahr district to North Delhi. The police stopped the trucks and investigators later discovered that the rice was being stolen by an NGO.[41]
- In November 2006, the residents of Pembong village (30 km from Darjeeling) accused a group of teachers of embezzling midday meals. In a written complaint, the residents claimed that students at the primary school had not received their midday meal for the past year and a half.[42]
- In December 2006, The Times of India reported that school staff were inflating attendance in order to obtain food grains.[43]
- Twenty-three children died in Dharma Sati village in Saran District on 16 July 2013 after eating pesticide-contaminated mid day meals.[25] On 31 July 2013, 55 students at a government middle school fell ill at Kalyuga village in Jamui district after their midday meal provided by an NGO. On the same day, 95 students at Chamandi primary school in Arwal district were ill after their meal.[44]
Criticism[edit]
Despite the success of the program, child hunger as a problem persists in India. According to current statistics, 42.5% of the children under 5 are underweight. Some simple health measures such as using iodised salt and getting vaccinations are uncommon in India.[45] "India is home to the world's largest food insecure population, with more than 500 million people who are hungry", India State Hunger Index (ISHI) said. Many children don't get enough to eat, which has far-reaching implications for the performance of the country as a whole. "Its rates of child malnutrition is higher than most countries in Sub-Saharan Africa," it noted.[46] The 2009 Global Hunger Index ranked India at 65 out of 84 countries. More than 200 million went hungry in India that year, more than any other country in the world. The report states that "improving child nutrition is of utmost urgency in most Indian states".[47]
See also[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Midday Meal Scheme.
Free school meals
National Food Security Act, 2013
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Chettiparambil-Rajan, Angelique (July 2007). "India: A Desk Review of the Mid-Day Meals Programme" (PDF). Retrieved 28 July 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Frequently Asked Questions on Mid Day Meal Scheme" (PDF). Retrieved 24 June 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c "About the Mid Day Meal Scheme". Mdm.nic.in. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "Convention on the Rights of the Child". United Nations. 20 November 1989. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "India and United Nations – Human Rights". Archived from the original on 2 May 2010. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "National Programme of Mid-Day Meals in Schools Annual Work Plan and Budget 2011–12" (PDF). Union Territory of Puducherry. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "Mid-Day Meal Programme". National Institute of Health & Family Welfare. 2009. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "Tamil Nadu: Midday Manna". India Today Archive. 15 November 1982. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Annual Work Plan & Budget 2010–11, Mid-Day Meal Scheme, Gujarat State" (PDF). Government of Gujarat. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
Jump up ^ "Appraisal Note: State: Kerala" (PDF). Government of India Ministry of Human Resource Development. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
Jump up ^ "Mid Day Meal" (PDF). Press Information Bureau, Government of India. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
Jump up ^ "Lessons Outside the Classroom". The Hindu. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
Jump up ^ Garg, Manisha; Mandal, Kalyan Sankar (27 July 2013). "Mid-Day Meal for the Poor, Privatised Education for the Non-Poor". Economic and Political Weekly. 48 (30): 155. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "Agenda note of 5th meeting of National Steering and Moitoring Committee meeting" (PDF).
Jump up ^ Dr. N.C. Saxena. "Sixth Report Of the Commissioners" (PDF).
Jump up ^ "Right to Food Campaign: Mid Day Meals". Righttofoodindia.org. 20 October 2009. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Mid Day Meals: A Primer" (PDF). Retrieved 28 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "Legal Action: Supreme Court Orders". Retrieved 28 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "SUPREME COURT ORDER OF NOVEMBER 28, 2001". Retrieved 28 July 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "ORDER OF APR 20, 2004".
Jump up ^ "Guidelines of the School Health Programme" (PDF). Retrieved 13 October 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Press Information bureau, HRD, Govt of India (22 December 2015). "Mid-Day Meal Scheme, Nutrition and Corporate Capital". Press Information. Ministry of Human Resource Development (30). Retrieved 8 November 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Joyita Ghose (23 July 2013). "the PRS Blog " The Mid Day Meal Scheme". Prsindia.org. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "123% jump in money allocated for UPA flagship schemes". Business Standard. 1 January 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Chargesheet filed in Bihar midday meal tragedy". The Hindu. 22 October 2013. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
Jump up ^ "MHRD increases Cooking cost under mid-day meal scheme". IANS. news.biharprabha.com. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "Interrogating 'best practices' for the Implementation of School Nutrition Programmes in Urban India" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "87 children die in school fire". 17 July 2004. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "'Gravy' mistake: 8-yr-old girl falls in hot sambar, dies". DNA India. 17 December 2011. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Towards more advantages from Mid-Day Meals http://www.cordindia.com/images/Midday.pdf
Jump up ^ "Capital's MCD schools mid-day meal scheme fails nutrition test!". Zeenews. india.com. 23 May 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Historical Background". Nutrition Support to Education: Report of the Committee on Mid-Day Meals. Department of School Education and Literacy, Government of India. May 1995. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "Mid Day Meal Scheme, First Review Mission" (PDF). Retrieved 2 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Monitoring of Mid-Day-Meal Scheme" (Press release). Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 4 March 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Future of Mid-Day Meals http://www.epw.in/special-articles/future-mid-day-meals.html
Jump up ^ http://www.epw.in/perspectives/mid-day-meals-primary-schools.html
Jump up ^ see also http://indiatogether.org/mmassam-education
Jump up ^ "Caste and Gender Based Discrimination Under MDMS" (Press release). Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 14 December 2012. Retrieved 2 August 2013. The teams did not come across any discrimination except in one school in district Boudh in Odisha.
Jump up ^ Lee, Joel; Thorat, Sukhdeo (24 September 2005). "Caste Discrimination and Food Security Programmes". Economic and Political Weekly. 40 (39). JSTOR 4417187.
Jump up ^ see http://indiatogether.org/mdmukhand-poverty
Jump up ^ "Lid off massive scam in Mid-Day Meal Scheme: 2,760 sacks of rice seized". The Tribune, Delhi. 20 January 2006. Retrieved 2 December 2006.
Jump up ^ "Scam shadow on meal scheme". The Telegraph, Kolkata. 14 November 2006. Retrieved 2 December 2006.
Jump up ^ "Teacher blows whistle on scam: School Authorities Pocket Money In The Name Of Mid-Day Meal Scheme". The Times of India, Bangalore. 2 December 2006.
Jump up ^ "Students fall ill after midday meal in Bihar". The Hindu. 31 July 2013. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Sengupta, Somini. (12 March 2009) Malnutrition of children in India continues. Nytimes.com. Retrieved on 18 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "Madhya Pradesh tops India State Hunger list of 17". LiveMint. 14 October 2008. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
Jump up ^ Hunger in India alarming. BBC News (14 October 2008). Retrieved on 18 February 2012.
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Carol McCain
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Carol McCain
McCain in 1986
Born
Carol Shepp
(1938-02-19) February 19, 1938 (age 80)
Pennsylvania, U.S.[1]
Occupation
Manager, event planner
Known for
Ex-wife of John McCain
Director of White House Visitors Office
Political party
Republican
Spouse(s)
Alasdair E. Swanson
(m. 1958; div. 1964)

John McCain
(m. 1965; div. 1980)
Children
3
Carol Shepp McCain (born February 19, 1938)[1][2][3] is a former political aide and event planner who was director of the White House Visitors Office during the Reagan administration. She was the first wife of United States Senator John McCain.
Contents
1 Early life and first marriage
2 Marriage to John McCain
2.1 Marriage and family
2.2 Apart during Vietnam War
2.3 Reuniting and divorce
2.4 Amicable relations
3 Subsequent career
3.1 Reagan campaign and administration
3.2 Private sector
4 Notes
5 External links
Early life and first marriage[edit]
Carol Shepp was born in Pennsylvania to Joseph, an insurance agent, and Mary Shepp.[4][1] Shepp grew up in Lansdowne, Pennsylvania, outside Philadelphia.[5] She graduated from Lansdowne-Aldan High School in 1955, winning a scholarship award.[6]
Shepp attended Centenary Junior College for Women in Hackettstown, New Jersey, beginning in 1956.[6][5][7] There she majored in English.[4]
Five feet eight inches (1.73 m) tall,[8] Shepp was a swimsuit and runway model for Jantzen swimwear in Philadelphia.[9][7] She also worked as a secretary.[4]
Shepp first met John McCain while he was attending the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis from 1954 to 1958.[10] But, in 1958, she married one of his midshipman classmates,[10][11] Alasdair E. Swanson, who had been a football and basketball star there.[12][13] She and Swanson, who became a Navy pilot, had two children, Douglas (born 1959) and Andrew (born 1962),[14][15] and lived in Pensacola, Florida.[13] The Swansons divorced in June 1964, after she sued him for infidelity.[13]
Marriage to John McCain[edit]
See also: Early life and military career of John McCain
Marriage and family[edit]
Shepp met John McCain again when he was stationed at the Naval Air Basic Training Command at Pensacola in 1964, and after her divorce from Swanson, the two began dating.[9][10][7] Her future husband frequently took training flights from Florida up to Philadelphia to see her on weekends.[4]
On July 3, 1965, Shepp and McCain married in Philadelphia.[16] The ceremony was held at the home of the family that owned the well-known Old Original Bookbinder's seafood restaurant in Philadelphia; one of the Bookbinder family members was a close friend of Shepp from college.[4]
Following the wedding, McCain's new husband adopted her two children.[15] Together, they had a daughter, Sidney, born in September 1966.[17]
Apart during Vietnam War[edit]
John McCain was shot down over North Vietnam on October 26, 1967; he would remain a prisoner of war for five and a half years.[18] During her husband's captivity, McCain raised their children in Orange Park, Florida, with the assistance of friends and neighbors in the Navy-oriented community.[19] She sent frequent letters and packages to him,[19] few of which the North Vietnamese let through.[20] She became active in the POW/MIA movement,[13] while those around her wore POW bracelets with her husband's name and capture date engraved on them.[19]
While visiting family and friends in the Philadelphia area on Christmas Eve 1969, McCain skidded and crashed into a telephone pole as she was navigating an icy, snowy, isolated portion of Pennsylvania Route 320 near Gulph Mills, Pennsylvania, driving alone.[4] She was thrown from her car into the snow, going into shock;[8] she thought she would never be seen and would die there.[4] Hours later she was found and taken to Bryn Mawr Hospital.[8] She suffered two smashed legs, a broken pelvis, broken arm, and a ruptured spleen.[4] She spent six months in the hospital and underwent 23 operations over the following two years in order to rebuild her legs with rods and pins, and had extensive physical therapy.[7][21] During this time her daughter stayed with her parents in Landsdowne while her sons stayed with friends in Florida.[4]
McCain did not tell her husband about the accident in her letters, believing he already had enough to worry about.[8] The U.S. State Department contacted her surgeon the next day with a warning; as the doctor later said:
“ They told me [the person I had operated on] was Carol McCain, her husband is a prisoner of war in Hanoi, and her father-in-law [is] supreme commander of the Pacific Fleet. They said don't give any info to anyone, because they were concerned that he would be subjected to more torture.[4] ”
Businessman and POW advocate Ross Perot paid for McCain's medical care.[22] She remained grateful to Perot, later remarking: "The military families are in Ross's heart and in his soul...There are millions of us who are extremely grateful to Ross Perot".[23] Years after her husband found out about Perot's help, he said "we loved him for it".[24] McCain was interviewed on CBS Evening News in 1970 and said Christmas had no meaning for her without her husband but that she carried on with it for their children.[19]
Reuniting and divorce[edit]
McCain and her husband were reunited upon his release from captivity on March 14, 1973.[25] She was now four inches (ten centimeters) shorter, in a wheelchair or on crutches, and substantially heavier than when he had last seen her.[7][22][26] He was also visibly hampered by his injuries and the mistreatment he had endured from the North Vietnamese.[26]
Following her husband's return from Vietnam, the McCains became frequent guests of honor at dinners hosted by Governor of California Ronald Reagan and his wife Nancy Reagan,[27] and the two couples became friendly.[2] McCain was the Clay County director for Reagan's 1976 presidential campaign as he sought the Republican Party nomination.[28] Her husband's assignments as executive officer, then commanding officer, of A-7 attack squadron VA-174 at NAS Cecil Field[29] saw the couple leading an active social life.[30] Such engagements included entertaining other naval personnel at their Orange Park home and Ponte Vedra beach house.[30] McCain's marriage, however, began to falter due to her husband's partying away from home and extramarital affairs.[31]
Her husband's next assignment was to the Senate Liaison Office within the Navy's Office of Legislative Affairs.[32] The McCains separated briefly, then reunited.[22] His job was aided by the social life the couple conducted, entertaining Navy, government, and other persons three to four nights a week at their Alexandria, Virginia, home.[33] During this time she worked for Congressman John H. Rousselot.[34] By 1979, the McCains were still living together.[22]
In April 1979, John McCain began a relationship with Cindy Lou Hensley, an Arizona special education teacher and Hensley & Co. heiress.[22] McCain's husband pushed to end their marriage, and friends described her as being in shock.[22] The McCains stopped cohabitating in January 1980; he filed for divorce in February 1980,[13] which she accepted.[22] When asked by a friend what had gone wrong, she said, "It's just one of those things."[22] The uncontested divorce became official in Fort Walton Beach on April 2, 1980.[35]
Her ex-husband would later state that he felt the demise of his marriage was due to his "selfishness and immaturity more than it was to Vietnam, and I cannot escape blame by pointing a finger at the war. The blame was entirely mine."[31] Regarding her divorce, McCain said, "The breakup of our marriage was not caused by my accident or Vietnam or any of those things. I don't know that it might not have happened if John had never been gone. I attribute it more to John turning 40 and wanting to be 25 again than I do to anything else."[31] John McCain's biographer Robert Timberg wrote, however, "Vietnam did play a part, perhaps not the major part, but more than a walk-on."[36] Ross Perot gave his own assessment of the McCain divorce: "After he came home, he walked with a limp, she [Carol McCain] walked with a limp. So he threw her over for a poster girl with big money from Arizona [Cindy McCain] and the rest is history."[24] McCain's three children were initially upset with their father about the divorce, but later reconciled with him.[22]
Amicable relations[edit]
The divorce settlement afforded McCain full custody of her three children as well as alimony, child support, college tuition for their children, houses in Virginia and Florida, and lifelong financial support for her continuing medical treatment.[7] She was sued by her former mother-in-law, Roberta McCain, in 1980 for return of personal property, with the suit settled out of court in 1981.[37]
Despite the divorce, McCain remained on good terms with her ex-husband,[31] supporting him in his subsequent political campaigns. She refused to discuss her marriage with an election opponent of her ex-husband's in 1982 who was seeking negative information about him, telling the opponent that "a gentleman never would have called."[38] During his 2008 presidential campaign, McCain said of her former husband: "He's a good guy. We are still good friends. He is the best man for president."[39]
Subsequent career[edit]
Reagan campaign and administration[edit]
McCain moved to La Mesa, California, where she lived for several months with the family of top Reagan associate Edwin Meese.[13] She became a personal assistant to Nancy Reagan in the fall of 1979, working with her as a press assistant on Ronald Reagan's 1980 presidential campaign,[7] and then worked on the 1980 Republican National Convention.[2] She was director of the 1981 Reagan inaugural ball,[34] and as the Reagan administration began, she handled scheduling for the First Lady and the Reagan children.[34]
In 1981 she became Director of the White House Visitors Office.[2] There she planned tours and dealt with the pleas of different groups for the limited slots available.[2] She also dealt with demands from Washington officials, including a dispute about tour slots between Nancy Reagan and New York Congressman Thomas Downey.[40] Regarding the pressures of her job, she said cheerfully, "I'm always in tears, but I love the job. I'm really having a ball."[2] During the early 1980s recession, she declared that the White House tours were fully booked even when other Washington attractions saw declining attendance; her office processed well over one million visits a year.[41] She was a well-liked presence on the Washington social scene.[42]
Between 1981 and 1986, she greatly expanded the annual White House Easter Egg Roll, adding participatory activities and doubling the size of the crowds attending.[34] The Washington Post likened her "extravaganza-loving" event style to that of Cecil B. DeMille.[34] She was also involved in planning South Lawn State Arrival Ceremonies,[2] as well as a national Christmas celebration.[43]
Private sector[edit]
She left the White House Visitors Office position in January 1987 to join Philadelphia-based We the People 200, Inc., which was the organization planning the celebration for the 200th anniversary of the United States Constitution that year.[34][44] She was named programming director, part of We the People 200's senior management team.[44] The bicentennial project was already troubled by lack of corporate financial sponsorship and persistent internal conflicts; the high salaries of McCain and other senior staff came under some criticism, but were defended by the organization's president as justified based upon age and experience.[45]
By 1990, she was a spokesperson for Washington, Inc., a large event planning company.[46] During 1991, she was a spokesperson for the Desert Storm Homecoming Foundation, which held a $12 million victory celebration and memorial in Washington in June 1991 following the conclusion of the Gulf War and Operation Desert Storm.[47][48] She later worked in press relations for the National Soft Drink Association in Washington.[13][38]
In 2003, McCain retired and moved to a bungalow in Virginia Beach.[13] While she has had romantic relationships since her divorce, McCain has not remarried. A friend of the family, who was interviewed by the Washington Post in 2008, recounted McCain's reasoning why she never remarried: "She had a lot of boyfriends. She was going out with one fellow who was so terrific. And I said: 'He's so in love with you. You'll have a terrific life together.' She said, 'No, I don't think so.' She's never fallen in love with anyone else. [John McCain] was a hard act to follow."[7][4]
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "United States Census, 1940; ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-89MT-LWKW — FamilySearch.org". Retrieved July 23, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Gamarekian, Barbara (August 30, 1981). "White House Tour Leader Courted and Criticized". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ "Carol McCain (Carol Sheep) Biography".
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k Rosenberg, Amy S. (September 15, 2008). "McCain's Phila. Story". The Philadelphia Inquirer. pp. A01, A04. Retrieved October 1, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Frosh Party Planned by Alumnae". Delaware County Daily Times. September 4, 1956. p. 4. Retrieved October 1, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Jump up to: a b "Scholarships, Awards Given at Landsdowne". Delaware County Daily Times. June 13, 1955. p. 9. Retrieved October 1, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Farhi, Paul (October 6, 2008). "The Separate Peace of John And Carol". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 6, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Timberg, An American Odyssey, pp. 100–101.
^ Jump up to: a b Timberg, Robert (1999). John McCain: An American Odyssey. Touchstone Books. ISBN 0-684-86794-X. pp. 68–69.
^ Jump up to: a b c Alexander, Paul (2002). Man of the People: The Life of John McCain. John Wiley & Sons. p. 32. ISBN 0-471-22829-X.
Jump up ^ Feinberg, Barbara Silberdick (2000). John McCain: Serving His Country. Millbrook Press. ISBN 0-7613-1974-3. pp. 16, 18.
Jump up ^ Leahy, Michael (August 31, 2008). "A Turbulent Youth Under a Strong Father's Shadow". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 8, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Serrano, Richard A.; Vartabedian, Ralph (July 11, 2008). "McCain's broken marriage and fractured Reagan friendship". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 11, 2008.
Jump up ^ "The John McCain Story: Timeline". McCain 2000, Inc. Archived from the original on March 1, 2000.
^ Jump up to: a b Timberg, An American Odyssey, p. 70.
Jump up ^ "John McCain". Des Moines Register. Archived from the original on February 13, 2009. Retrieved November 8, 2007.
Jump up ^ Steinhauer, Jennifer (December 27, 2007). "Bridging 4 Decades, a Large, Close-Knit Brood". The New York Times. Retrieved December 27, 2007.
Jump up ^ Nowicki, Dan & Muller, Bill (March 1, 2007). "John McCain Report: Prisoner of War". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved November 10, 2007. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Jump up to: a b c d Leary, Alex (July 20, 2008). "John McCain: From Orange Park to White House?". St. Petersburg Times. Archived from the original on July 21, 2008. Retrieved July 21, 2008.
Jump up ^ McCain, John; Mark Salter (1999). Faith of My Fathers. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-375-50191-6. p. 279.
Jump up ^ Nowicki, Dan and Muller, Bill (March 1, 2007). "John McCain Report: Back in the USA". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved November 10, 2007. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Kristof, Nicholas (February 27, 2000). "P.O.W. to Power Broker, A Chapter Most Telling". The New York Times. Retrieved April 22, 2007.
Jump up ^ Townley, Alvin (2006). Legacy of Honor: The Values and Influence of America's Eagle Scouts. Macmillan Publishers. ISBN 0-312-36653-1. p. 97.
^ Jump up to: a b Alter, Jonathan (January 16, 2008). "When Ross Perot Calls..." Newsweek. Archived from the original on June 10, 2008. Retrieved June 15, 2008. By the time Perot's statement was made, Perot had run into severe conflict with McCain's soon-to-be ex-husband over the Vietnam POW/MIA live prisoners issue.
Jump up ^ Sterba, James P (March 15, 1973). "P.O.W. Commander Among 108 Freed" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ Jump up to: a b Timberg, An American Odyssey, p. 112.
Jump up ^ Timberg, An American Odyssey, pp. 119–122.
Jump up ^ Kerr, Jessie Lynne (October 25, 2008). "The McCain Connection: His family moved to Orange Park in 1966; The following years profoundly shaped the presidential candidate's future". The Florida Times-Union. Archived from the original on September 21, 2009. Retrieved October 25, 2008.
Jump up ^ Vartabedian, Ralph (April 14, 2008). "McCain has long relied on his grit". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 24, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b Helman, Scott (August 31, 2008). "Taking command - The McCain way". The Boston Globe. Retrieved September 2, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Nowicki, Dan and Muller, Bill (March 1, 2007). "John McCain Report: Arizona, the early years". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved November 21, 2007. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Timberg, An American Odyssey, pp. 126–128.
Jump up ^ Alexander, Man of the People, pp. 89–90.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Radcliffe, Donnie (December 30, 1986). "Christmas Card Presidents". The Washington Post.
Jump up ^ Alexander, Man of the People, p. 92.
Jump up ^ Timberg, An American Odyssey, pp. 124–125.
Jump up ^ Barakat, Matthew (August 16, 2008). "McCain and his mother don't recall old lawsuits". Associated Press. Retrieved August 22, 2008. [dead link]
^ Jump up to: a b Romano, Lois (March 2, 2000). "Out of the Fire, Politics Calls; Ex-POW Turns Washington Insider". The Washington Post.
Jump up ^ "Carol McCain". Snopes.com. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
Jump up ^ Weisman, Steven R (June 20, 1981). "Truce, Of Sorts, On White House Tours". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ "White House Remains Ever Popular". The New York Times. September 2, 1982.
Jump up ^ Kantor, Jodi; Halbfinger, David M. (October 17, 2008). "Behind McCain, Outsider in Capital Wanting Back In". The New York Times. Retrieved October 18, 2008.
Jump up ^ Naedele, Walter F (November 18, 1986). "O'Neill is Weighing an Invitation For Post as Bicentennial Spokesman". The Philadelphia Inquirer.
^ Jump up to: a b Naedele, Walter F (February 19, 1987). "Bicentennial Group Adds, Loses Staff". The Philadelphia Inquirer.
Jump up ^ Flander, Scott (February 27, 1987). "Painting the Town with Red Ink: Inadequate Funding, Internal Conflict Crippling Fete". Philadelphia Daily News.
Jump up ^ Rogers, Patricia Dane (December 6, 1990). "Entertaining: Setting a Simpler Tone In Uncertain Times". The Washington Post.
Jump up ^ Pressley, Sue Ann (June 6, 1991). "Desert Storm Celebration Is Also a Parade of Tears; Day Will Be Painful for Families of War Dead". The Washington Post.
Jump up ^ Jordan, Mary (June 7, 1991). "Victory Party Storms Into Town;Military Invades Mall for Extravaganza Now Priced at $12 Million". The Washington Post.
External links[edit]
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U.S. Senator from Arizona (1987–2018)
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Into the Wild (film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Not to be confused with Wild (2014 film).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Into the Wild
Theatrical poster
Directed by
Sean Penn
Produced by
Sean Penn
Art Linson
Bill Pohlad
Screenplay by
Sean Penn
Based on
Into the Wild
by Jon Krakauer
Starring
Emile Hirsch
Marcia Gay Harden
William Hurt
Jena Malone
Catherine Keener
Brian Dierker
Vince Vaughn
Zach Galifianakis
Kristen Stewart
Hal Holbrook
Music by
Michael Brook
Kaki King
Eddie Vedder
Cinematography
Eric Gautier
Edited by
Jay Cassidy
Production
company
Paramount Vantage[1]
River Road Entertainment[1]
Square One C.I.H.[1]
Linson Film[1]
Distributed by
Paramount Vantage[1]
Release date
September 21, 2007 (2007-09-21)
Running time
148 minutes[2]
Country
United States
Language
English
Box office
$56.3 million[3]
Into the Wild is a 2007 American biographical drama survival film written, co-produced, and directed by Sean Penn. It is an adaptation of Jon Krakauer's 1996 nonfiction book of the same name, based on the travels of Christopher McCandless across North America and his experiences in the Alaskan wilderness in the early 1990s. The film stars Emile Hirsch as McCandless, and Marcia Gay Harden and William Hurt as his parents, and features Jena Malone, Catherine Keener, Vince Vaughn, Kristen Stewart, and Hal Holbrook.
The film premiered during the 2007 Rome Film Fest and later opened outside of Fairbanks, Alaska on September 21, 2007. It was nominated for two Golden Globes and won the award for Best Original Song: "Guaranteed" by Eddie Vedder. It was also nominated for two Academy Awards, namely Best Editing and Best Supporting Actor: Hal Holbrook.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Filming
4 Release
4.1 Critical reception
4.1.1 Top ten lists
4.2 Awards
4.2.1 Winnings
4.2.2 Nominations
4.3 Box office
4.4 Home media
5 Soundtrack
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
The film is presented in a nonlinear narrative, cutting back and forth between McCandless' time spent in the Alaskan wilderness and his two-year travels leading up to his journey to Alaska. The plot summary here is told in a more chronological order.
In April 1992, Christopher McCandless (Emile Hirsch) arrives in a remote area just north of the Denali National Park and Preserve in Alaska. Noting Chris' unpreparedness, the stranger who drops him off lends him a pair of boots. Chris travels into the wildness and sets up a campsite in an abandoned city bus, which he calls "The Magic Bus". At first, McCandless is content with the isolation, the beauty of nature around him, and the thrill of living off the land. He hunts with a .22 caliber rifle, reads books, and keeps a diary of his thoughts as he prepares himself for a new life in the wild.
Two years earlier, in May 1990, McCandless graduates with high honors from Emory University. Shortly afterwards, McCandless rejects his conventional life by destroying all of his credit cards and identification documents. He donates nearly all of his savings to Oxfam and sets out on a cross-country drive in his Datsun B210 to experience life in the wilderness. McCandless does not tell his parents, Walt (William Hurt) and Billie McCandless (Marcia Gay Harden), or his sister Carine (Jena Malone) what he is doing or where he is going. He refuses to keep in touch with them after his departure, causing his parents to become increasingly anxious and eventually desperate.
At Lake Mead, McCandless' car is caught in a flash flood, causing him to abandon it and begin hitchhiking. He burns what remains of his cash and assumes a new name: "Alexander Supertramp." In Northern California, McCandless encounters a hippie couple named Jan Burres (Catherine Keener) and Rainey (Brian H. Dierker). Rainey tells McCandless about his failing relationship with Jan, which McCandless helps rekindle. In September, McCandless arrives in Carthage, South Dakota and works for a contract harvesting company owned by Wayne Westerberg (Vince Vaughn). He is forced to leave after Westerberg is arrested for satellite piracy.
McCandless then travels on the Colorado River and, though told by park rangers that he may not kayak down the river without a license, ignores their warnings and paddles downriver until he eventually arrives in Mexico. There, his kayak is lost in a dust storm, and he crosses back into the United States on foot. Unable to hitch a ride, he starts traveling on freight trains to Los Angeles. Not long after arriving, however, he starts feeling "corrupted" by modern civilization and decides to leave. Later, McCandless is forced to resume hitchhiking, after he is beaten by the railroad police.
In December 1991, McCandless arrives at Slab City, California, in the Imperial Valley, and encounters Jan and Rainey again. There, he also meets Tracy Tatro (Kristen Stewart), a teenage girl who shows interest in McCandless, but he rejects her because she is underage. After the holidays, McCandless decides to continue heading for Alaska. One month later, while camping near Salton City, California, McCandless encounters Ron Franz (Hal Holbrook), a retired man who recounts the story of the loss of his family in a car accident while he was serving in the United States Army. He now occupies his time in a workshop as an amateur leather worker. Franz teaches McCandless the craft of leatherwork, resulting in the making of a belt that details McCandless' travels. After spending two months with Franz, McCandless decides to leave for Alaska, despite this upsetting Franz, who has become quite close to McCandless. On a parting note, Franz gives McCandless his old camping and travel gear, along with the offer to adopt him as his grandchild, but McCandless simply tells him that they should discuss this after he returns from Alaska; then, he departs.
Four months later, at the abandoned bus, life for McCandless becomes harder, and he begins to make poor decisions. As his supplies begin to run out, he realizes that nature is also harsh and uncaring. McCandless concludes that true happiness can only be found when shared with others, and he seeks to return from the wild to his friends and family. However, he finds that the stream he had crossed during the winter has become wide, deep, and violent due to the snow thaw, and he is unable to cross. Saddened, he returns to the bus. In a desperate act, McCandless is forced to gather and eat roots and plants. He confuses similar plants and eats a poisonous one, falling sick as a result. Slowly dying, he continues to document his process of self-realization and imagines his family for one last time. He writes a farewell to the world and crawls into his sleeping bag to die. Two weeks later, his body was found by moose hunters. Shortly afterwards, Carine returned to Virginia with her brother's ashes in her backpack.
Cast[edit]
Emile Hirsch as Chris McCandless
Marcia Gay Harden as Billie McCandless
William Hurt as Walt McCandless
Jena Malone as Carine McCandless
Catherine Keener as Jan Burres
Hal Holbrook as Ron Franz
Brian H. Dierker as Rainey
Kristen Stewart as Tracy Tatro
Vince Vaughn as Wayne Westerberg
Zach Galifianakis as Kevin
Thure Lindhardt as Mads
Signe Egholm Olsen as Sonja
Merritt Wever as Lori
Jim Gallien as Himself
Leonard Knight as Himself
R. D. Call as Bull
Cheryl Harrington as social worker
Production[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2017)
Filming[edit]
The scenes of graduation from Emory University in the film were shot in the fall of 2006 on the front lawn of Reed College. Some of the graduation scenes were also filmed during the actual Emory University graduation on May 15, 2006.[5] The Alaska scenes depicting the area around the abandoned bus on the Stampede Trail were filmed 50 miles (80 km) south of where McCandless actually died, in the tiny town of Cantwell. Filming at the actual bus would have been too remote for the technical demands of a movie shoot,[6] so a replica of the bus was built, and used when filming, from two other old buses of similar type.[citation needed] The production made four separate trips to Alaska to film during different seasons.[citation needed]
Release[edit]
Critical reception[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2017)
The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 82% of 194 reviews of the film were positive, resulting in a "Certified Fresh" rating. It's consensus read: "With his sturdy cast and confident direction, Sean Penn has turned a complex work of nonfiction like Into the Wild into an accessible and poignant character study."[7] Metacritic assigned the film an average score of 73 out of 100 based on 38 reviews from mainstream critics.[8]
Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film four stars out of four and described it as "spellbinding." Ebert wrote that Emile Hirsch gives a "hypnotic performance," commenting: "It is great acting, and more than acting." Ebert added, "The movie is so good partly because it means so much, I think, to its writer-director, Sean Penn."[9]
The American Film Institute listed the film as one of ten AFI Movies of the Year for 2007.[10][11]
National Board of Review named it one of the Top Ten Films of the Year.[12]
Into the Wild also ranks 473rd in Empire magazine's 2008 list of the 500 greatest movies of all time.[13]
Top ten lists[edit]
The film appeared on many critics' top ten lists of the best films of 2007.[14]
1st: Ben Lyons, The Daily 10[15]
2nd: Ann Hornaday, The Washington Post[14]
2nd: Tasha Robinson, The A.V. Club[14]
3rd: James Berardinelli, ReelViews[14]
3rd: Kevin Crust, Los Angeles Times[14]
3rd: Peter Travers, Rolling Stone[16]
4th: Kyle Smith, New York Post[14]
5th: Claudia Puig, USA Today[14]
5th: David Germain, Associated Press[17]
5th: Joe Morgenstern, The Wall Street Journal[14]
6th: Carrie Rickey, The Philadelphia Inquirer[14]
6th: Steven Rea, The Philadelphia Inquirer[14]
7th: A.O. Scott, The New York Times (tied with The Diving Bell and the Butterfly)[14]
7th: Noel Murray, The A.V. Club[14]
9th: Christy Lemire, Associated Press[17]
10th: Roger Ebert, Chicago Sun-Times[18]
Awards[edit]
Winnings[edit]
65th Golden Globe Awards[19]
Best Original Song – Motion Picture ("Guaranteed")
Gotham Awards
Best Feature Film
Mill Valley Film Festival
Best Actor (Emile Hirsch)
Palm Springs International Film Festival
Director of the Year Award (Sean Penn)
Rising Star Award Actor (Emile Hirsch)
National Board of Review
Breakthrough Performance – Male (Emile Hirsch)
Rome Film Festival
Jury Award (William Pohlad), (Art Linson), (Sean Penn)
São Paulo International Film Festival
Best Foreign Language Film (Sean Penn)
Italian Online Movie Awards
Best Motion Picture Of The Year
Best Motion Picture soundtrack
Nominations[edit]
80th Academy Awards[20]
Best Supporting Actor (Hal Holbrook)
Best Film Editing (Jay Cassidy)
65th Golden Globe Awards[21]
Best Original Score – Motion Picture (Michael Brook, Kaki King, Eddie Vedder)
American Cinema Editors
Best Edited Feature Film – Dramatic (Jay Cassidy)
Broadcast Film Critics Association
Best Film
Best Actor (Emile Hirsch)
Best Supporting Actor (Hal Holbrook)
Best Supporting Actress (Catherine Keener)
Best Director (Sean Penn)
Best Writer (Sean Penn)
Best Song ("Guaranteed")
34th César Awards
Best Foreign Film
Chicago Film Critics Association Awards
Best Picture
Best Screenplay – Adapted (Sean Penn)
Best Supporting Actor (Hal Holbrook)
Directors Guild of America Awards
Best Director – Film (Sean Penn)
Cinema Audio Society
Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for Motion Pictures
Costume Designers Guild Awards
Excellence in Costume Design for Film – Contemporary
Film Critics Circle of Australia Awards
Best Foreign Film – English Language (Sean Penn)
Grammy Awards
Best Song Written for Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media ("Guaranteed")
Gotham Awards
Breakthrough Award (Emile Hirsch)
Satellite Awards
Best Original Song ("Rise")
Screen Actors Guild Awards
Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role (Emile Hirsch)
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role (Hal Holbrook)
Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role (Catherine Keener)
USC Scripter Award
USC Scripter Award (Sean Penn) (screenwriter), (Jon Krakauer) (author)
Writers Guild of America Awards
Best Adapted Screenplay (Sean Penn)
Box office[edit]
In North America, Into the Wild initially opened in limited release, in four theaters and grossed $212,440, posting a per-theater average of $53,110. For the next several weeks, the film remained in limited release until it expanded to over 600 theaters on October 19, 2007; in its first weekend of wide release, the film grossed just $2.1 million for a per-theater average of $3,249. As of December 25, 2008, the film grossed $18,354,356 domestically and $37,281,398 internationally. In total, the film has grossed $55,635,754 worldwide.[22]
Home media[edit]
Into the Wild was released on March 4, 2008 on standard DVD,[23] Two-Disc Special Collector's Edition DVD,[24] and standard HD DVD. [25] The special edition DVD and HD DVD contain two special features entitled The Story, The Characters and The Experience. The Blu-ray Disc edition was released in France on July 16, 2008.[26] The Blu-ray edition for the US was released on December 16, 2008.[27]
Soundtrack[edit]
Main article: Into the Wild (soundtrack)
The songs on the soundtrack were performed by Eddie Vedder, lead singer of Pearl Jam, and Jerry Hannan. Vedder won a Golden Globe for Best Original Song for the song "Guaranteed". The score was written and performed by Michael Brook and Kaki King. The music at the end of the theatrical trailer is "Acts of Courage" by X-Ray Dog, a company that supplies music for many movie trailers. Eddie Vedder said whilst writing the songs on the album "I spent three days giving him (Sean Penn) colors that I could paint with. Different sounds. It would be pump organ and vocal, or it would be an uptempo song. I just gave him 25 minutes of music, stuff I felt that were colors on the palette. And I really didn’t think anything was gonna come out of it. Maybe a little piece or something".[28]
"Hard Sun" (Eddie Vedder and Corin Tucker)
"Society" (Eddie Vedder and Jerry Hannan)
"No Ceiling" (Eddie Vedder)
"Rise" (Eddie Vedder)
"Long Nights" (Eddie Vedder)
"The Wolf" (Eddie Vedder)
"Guaranteed" (Eddie Vedder)
"Going Up The Country" (Canned Heat)
"King of the Road" (Roger Miller)
"Emory and Old St. Andrews March" (The Atlanta Pipe Band)
"U Can't Touch This" (M.C. Hammer)
"The Water Ran This Way Back and Forth" (Pedro)
"I Thought I Was You" (Kelly Peterson)
"Kaa" (Claude Chaloub)
"Fork And File" (The Crooked Jades)
"Dakota Themes" (Peter Ostroushko)
Slab Song (Everett 'Insane Wayne' Smith)
"Tracy's Song" (Kristen Stewart)
"Angel from Montgomery" (Kristen Stewart and Emile Hirsch)
"Picking Berries" (Gustavo Santaolalla)
"Porterville" (Creedence Clearwater Revival)
See also[edit]
Survival film, about the film genre, with a list of related films
The Call of the Wild, a 2007 documentary about McCandless made by Ron Lamothe.
Vagabond (film)
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Into the Wild". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved June 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "View Title". classification.gov.au.
Jump up ^ Worldwide Total Gross data from Box Office Mojo
Jump up ^ "'Into the Wild' premieres in Fairbanks". Anchorage Daily News. September 4, 2007. Archived from the original on September 14, 2008. Retrieved July 17, 2008. The debut of “Into the Wild”, a movie directed by Sean Penn about a 24-year-old man who starved to death in the Alaska wilderness, drew a packed house Monday night.
Jump up ^ "Remake of "Nerds" Film Scrapped". The Emory Wheel. Retrieved 2008-01-29.
Jump up ^ "The Cult of Chris McCandless". Men's Journal. Archived from the original on June 8, 2008. Retrieved August 2, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Into the Wild (Rotten Tomatoes)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved July 9, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Into the Wild (2007): Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved December 31, 2007.
Jump up ^ Roger Ebert (September 29, 2007). "Into the Wild (xhtml)". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved December 31, 2007.
Jump up ^ "No Country for Old Men, Juno named to AFI's Top 10 of year". CBC. December 17, 2007. Retrieved December 31, 2007.
Jump up ^ "AFI Awards 2007". Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved 2009-01-10. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link) . American Film Institute
Jump up ^ "Top Ten Films". National Board of Review. Archived from the original on 2 February 2004. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Empire's 500 Greatest Movies Of All Time". empireonline.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l "Metacritic: 2007 Film Critic Top Ten Lists". Metacritic. Archived from the original on January 2, 2008. Retrieved January 1, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Ben Lyons' Top 10 Films of 2007 – Photo Gallery". E!. Retrieved July 23, 2008.
Jump up ^ Travers, Peter, (December 19, 2007) "Peter Travers' Best and Worst Movies of 2007" Rolling Stone. Retrieved December 20, 2007
^ Jump up to: a b David Germain; Christy Lemire (December 27, 2007). "'No Country for Old Men' earns nod from AP critics". Associated Press, via Columbia Daily Tribune. Archived from the original on January 3, 2008. Retrieved December 31, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Metacritic: 2007 Film Critic Top Ten Lists". Metacritic. Archived from the original on January 9, 2008. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ "The Golden Globe Awards". The Washington Post. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
Jump up ^ 80th Academy Awards
Jump up ^ "HOLLYWOOD FOREIGN PRESS ASSOCIATION 2008 GOLDEN GLOBE AWARDS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007". Golden Globes. December 13, 2007. Archived from the original on December 15, 2007. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Into the Wild (2007)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved December 25, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Amazon.com: Into the Wild". amazon.com.
Jump up ^ "Amazon.com: Into the Wild (Two-Disc Special Collector's Edition)". amazon.com.
Jump up ^ "Amazon.com: Into The Wild [HD DVD]". amazon.com.
Jump up ^ "Cinéma et Séries TV - MYTF1News". MYTF1NEWS.
Jump up ^ "'Into the Wild' Coming to Blu-ray". highdefdigest.com.
Jump up ^ Whitney, Pastorek (14 September 2007). "Eddie Vedder on his solo soundtrack work". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Into the Wild (film)
Official website
Into the Wild on IMDb
Into the Wild at AllMovie
Into the Wild at Metacritic
Into the Wild at Rotten Tomatoes
Into the Wild at Box Office Mojo
Into the Wild at the American Film Institute Catalog
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Sean Penn
The Indian Runner (1991)
The Crossing Guard (1995)
The Pledge (2001)
Into the Wild (2007)
The Last Face (2016)
[show]
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t
e
Jon Krakauer
Books
Eiger Dreams: Ventures Among Men and Mountains (1990)
Into the Wild (1996)
Into Thin Air (1997)
Under the Banner of Heaven (2003)
Where Men Win Glory: The Odyssey of Pat Tillman (2009)
Three Cups of Deceit (2011)
Film and television
adaptations
Into Thin Air: Death on Everest (1997)
Into the Wild (2007)
Everest (2015)
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WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 230007044
GND: 7744706-2
SUDOC: 179377469
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