text:
Tertiary sector of the economy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"service industry" redirects here. For the Austin, Texas-based band, see The Service Industry.
Economic sectors
Three-sector theory
Primary sector: raw materials
Secondary sector: manufacturing
Tertiary sector: services
Additional sectors
Quaternary sector: information services
Quinary sector: human services
Theorists
AGB Fisher · Colin Clark · Jean Fourastié
Sectors by ownership
Business sector · Private sector · Public sector · Voluntary sector
v
t
e
Product’s lifecycle
The tertiary sector or service sector is the third of the three economic sectors of the three-sector theory. The others are the secondary sector (approximately the same as manufacturing), and the primary sector (raw materials).
The service sector consists of the production of services instead of end products. Services (also known as "intangible goods") include attention, advice, access, experience, discussion, and affective labor. The production of information has long been regarded as a service, but some economists now attribute it to a fourth sector, the quaternary sector.
The tertiary sector of industry involves the provision of services to other businesses as well as final consumers. Services may involve the transport, distribution and sale of goods from producer to a consumer, as may happen in wholesaling and retailing, or may involve the provision of a service, such as in pest control or entertainment. The goods may be transformed in the process of providing the service, as happens in the restaurant industry. However, the focus is on people interacting with people and serving the customer rather than transforming physical goods.
Ambulance service.
Housemaid
Contents
[hide]
1 Difficulty of definition
2 Theory of progression
3 Issues for service providers
4 Examples of tertiary sector industries
5 List of countries by tertiary output
6 See also
7 References
Difficulty of definition[edit]
An American bank in Maryland.
It is sometimes hard to define whether a given company is part of the secondary or tertiary sector. And it is not only companies that have been classified as part of that sector in some schemes; government and its services such as police or military, and non-profit organizations such as charities or research associations can also be seen as part of that sector.[1]
In order to classify a business as a service, one can use classification systems such as the United Nations' International Standard Industrial Classification standard, the United States' Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code system and its new replacement, the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS), the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community (NACE) in the EU and similar systems elsewhere. These governmental classification systems have a first-level hierarchy that reflects whether the economic goods are tangible or intangible.
For purposes of finance and market research, market-based classification systems such as the Global Industry Classification Standard and the Industry Classification Benchmark are used to classify businesses that participate in the service sector. Unlike governmental classification systems, the first level of market-based classification systems divides the economy into functionally related markets or industries. The second or third level of these hierarchies then reflects whether goods or services are produced.
Theory of progression[edit]
For the last 100 years, there has been a substantial shift from the primary and secondary sectors to the tertiary sector in industrialised countries. This shift is called tertiarisation.[2] The tertiary sector is now the largest sector of the economy in the Western world, and is also the fastest-growing sector. In examining the growth of the service sector in the early Nineties, the globalist Kenichi Ohmae noted that:
"In the United States 70 percent of the workforce works in the service sector; in Japan, 60 percent, and in Taiwan, 50 percent. These are not necessarily busboys and live-in maids. Many of them are in the professional category. They are earning as much as manufacturing workers, and often more.”[3]
Economies tend to follow a developmental progression that takes them from a heavy reliance on agriculture and mining, toward the development of manufacturing (e.g. automobiles, textiles, shipbuilding, steel) and finally toward a more service-based structure. The first economy to follow this path in the modern world was the United Kingdom. The speed at which other economies have made the transition to service-based (or "post-industrial") economies has increased over time.
Historically, manufacturing tended to be more open to international trade and competition than services. However, with dramatic cost reduction and speed and reliability improvements in the transportation of people and the communication of information, the service sector now includes some of the most intensive international competition, despite residual protectionism.
Issues for service providers[edit]
Surgery team at work
Transport service
Testing telephone lines in London in 1945.
Service providers face obstacles selling services that goods-sellers rarely face. Services are intangible, making it difficult for potential customers to understand what they will receive and what value it will hold for them. Indeed, some, such as consultants and providers of investment services, offer no guarantees of the value for price paid.
Since the quality of most services depends largely on the quality of the individuals providing the services, "people costs" are usually a high fraction of service costs. Whereas a manufacturer may use technology, simplification, and other techniques to lower the cost of goods sold, the service provider often faces an unrelenting pattern of increasing costs.
Product differentiation is often difficult. For example, how does one choose one investment adviser over another, since they are often seen to provide identical services? Charging a premium for services is usually an option only for the most established firms, who charge extra based upon brand recognition.[4]
Examples of tertiary sector industries[edit]
Examples of tertiary industries may include the following:
Entertainment
Government
Telecommunication
Hospitality industry/tourism
Mass media
Healthcare/hospitals
Public health
Information technology
Waste disposal
Consulting
Gambling
Retail sales
Fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG)
Franchising
Real estate
Education
Financial services
Banking
Insurance
Investment management
Professional services
Accounting
Legal services
Management consulting
List of countries by tertiary output[edit]
Main article: List of countries by GDP sector composition
Service output as a percentage of the top producer (USA) as of 2005
Below is a list of countries by service output at market exchange rates in 2016.
Largest countries by tertiary output in Nominal GDP, according to IMF and CIA World Factbook, 2016
Economy
Countries by tertiary output in 2016 (billions in USD)
(01) United States
14,762
(—) European Union
12,077
(02) China
5,688
(03) Japan
3,511
(04) Germany
2,395
(05) United Kingdom
2,109
(06) France
1,941
(07) Italy
1,366
(08) Brazil
1,295
(09) Canada
1,081
(10) India
1,024
(11) Spain
926
(12) Australia
859
(13) South Korea
850
(14) Russia
797
(15) Mexico
661
(16) Turkey
551
(17) Netherlands
543
(18) Switzerland
484
(19) Indonesia
429
(20) Belgium
362
The twenty largest countries by tertiary output in 2016, according to the IMF and CIA World Factbook.
See also[edit]
Economics portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Service industries.
Quaternary sector of the economy
References[edit]
Jump up ^ R.P. Mohanty & R.R. Lakhe (1 January 2001). TQM in the Service Sector. Jaico Publishing House. pp. 32–33. ISBN 978-81-7224-953-3. Retrieved 1 May 2013.
Jump up ^ Definition by the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions Archived July 20, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ The Borderless World: Power and Strategy in the Interlinked Economy.
Jump up ^ De Soto, Glenn (2006). Fragmented: the Demise of Unionized Construction. Lulu.com. p. 64. ISBN 9781847285775.
Authority control
GND: 4012183-5
NDL: 00569924
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Ontario general election, 2018
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Ontario general election, 2018
← 2014 June 7, 2018 (2018-06-07) 43rd →
← outgoing members
elected members →
124 seats of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario
63 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Turnout
58.4% ( 7.1pp)
First party
Second party
Leader
Doug Ford Andrea Horwath
Party
Progressive Conservative New Democratic
Leader since
March 10, 2018 March 7, 2009
Leader's seat
Etobicoke North Hamilton Centre
Last election
28 seats, 31.25% 21 seats, 23.75%
Seats before
27 18
Seats won
76 40
Seat change
49 22
Popular vote
2,326,632 1,929,649
Percentage
40.50% 33.59%
Swing
9.25pp 9.84pp
Third party
Fourth party
Leader
Kathleen Wynne Mike Schreiner
Party
Liberal Green
Leader since
January 26, 2013 May 16, 2009
Leader's seat
Don Valley West Guelph
Last election
58 seats, 38.65% 0 seats, 4.84%
Seats before
55 0
Seats won
7 1
Seat change
48 1
Popular vote
1,124,218 264,487
Percentage
19.57% 4.60%
Swing
19.08pp 0.24pp
Popular vote by riding. As this is an FPTP election, seat totals are not determined by popular vote, but instead by the result in each riding. Riding names are listed at the bottom.
Premier before election
Kathleen Wynne
Liberal
Premier-designate
Doug Ford
Progressive Conservative
The Ontario general election of 2018 was held on June 7, 2018, to elect the 124 members of the 42nd Parliament of Ontario.[1] The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, led by Doug Ford, won a majority government with 76 of the 124 seats in the legislature. The Ontario New Democratic Party, led by Andrea Horwath, formed the Official Opposition. The Ontario Liberal Party, led by incumbent Premier Kathleen Wynne, lost official party status in recording both the worst result in the party's 161-year history and the worst result for any incumbent governing party in Ontario. The Green Party of Ontario won a seat for the first time in their history, while the Trillium Party of Ontario lost its single seat gained by a floor-crossing during the 41st Parliament. Twenty-four other parties and numerous independent candidates also received votes.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
1.1 Redistribution of seats
1.2 Change of fixed election date
1.3 Prelude to campaign
1.4 Mood of the voters
2 Results
2.1 Detailed analysis
2.2 Regional analysis
3 Events leading up to the election (2014–2018)
4 Campaign period
4.1 Issues
4.2 Party slogans
4.3 Endorsements
5 Candidates
5.1 Candidate nominations
5.2 Incumbents not running for reelection
6 Opinion polls
6.1 Campaign period
6.1.1 Best Premier and Party Leader Approval Ratings
6.1.2 Major Regional Polls - Toronto
6.2 Pre-campaign period
7 Notes
8 References
9 External links
Background[edit]
Redistribution of seats[edit]
The Electoral Boundaries Act, 2015[2] increased the number of electoral districts from 107 to 122, following the boundaries set out by the federal 2013 Representation Order for Ontario, while preserving the special boundaries of the 11 seats in Northern Ontario set out in the 1996 redistribution.
The Far North Electoral Boundaries Commission, appointed in 2016,[3] recommended the creation of the additional districts of Kiiwetinoong and Mushkegowuk—James Bay, carved out from the existing Kenora—Rainy River and Timmins—James Bay ridings, which accordingly raised the total number of seats to 124.[4][5] This was implemented through the Representation Statute Law Amendment Act, 2017.[6]
The new districts have been criticized as undemocratic, as they have a population of around 30,000 people compared with over 120,000 people in some southern Ontario constituencies. National Post columnist Josh Dehaas suggested that the small population sizes of the ridings might violate the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.[7]
In September 2017, a research firm analyzed the impact of redistribution if the boundaries had been in effect for the previous election.[8]
Change of fixed election date[edit]
Under legislation passed in 2005, Ontario elections were to be held on "the first Thursday in October in the fourth calendar year following polling day in the most recent general election", subject to the Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario's power to call an election earlier.[9] As the current government had a majority, the passage of a non-confidence motion was not a likely option for calling an early election, though Premier Kathleen Wynne stated in June 2015 that she would likely advise to dissolve the Legislature in spring 2018 rather than in October of that year in order to avoid any conflict with municipal elections and take advantage of better weather and longer days.[10]
To put this on a statutory footing, in October 2016 Attorney General of Ontario Yasir Naqvi introduced a bill in the Legislative Assembly which, in part, included moving the election date to "the first Thursday in June in the fourth calendar year following polling day in the most recent general election",[1] and it came into effect in December 2016.[11]
Prelude to campaign[edit]
The Ontario Liberal Party attempted to win their fifth consecutive general election, dating back to 2003. The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario won their first election since 1999, and the Ontario New Democratic Party attempted to win their second election (having previously won in 1990). Numerous other extra-parliamentary political parties also vied for votes.
The Liberals under Kathleen Wynne headed into the 2018 campaign trailing far behind the Progressive Conservatives, led by former Toronto City Councillor Doug Ford. The Liberals' standing with voters had been badly hurt when they partially privatized Hydro One in 2015, after campaigning against it in the 2014 election, as well as rising criticism over "ballooning provincial debt, high electricity prices and costly, politically expedient decisions".[12][13] In early April, the CBC published their analysis of aggregate polls showing that Ford and the Progressive Conservatives were ahead of the other parties averaging 42.1% support, compared to 27.2% for the governing Liberals, 23.4% for the NDP and 5.7% for the Greens[14] and with 11 Liberal MPPs announcing they would not be running for re-election or having already resigned their seats in the months leading up to the election.[15]
According to Wynne, voters were offered a "stark choice", between "cutting and removing supports from people" with "billions in cuts", which she alleged the Progressive Conservatives would do if they won the election, and expanding investments in social programs such as prescription drugs and childcare, which the Liberal platform promised.[16]
In March 2018, the Liberals tabled a pre-election budget in the provincial legislature which promised billions of dollars in new spending for free childcare and expanded coverage for dental care but replaced the government's previous balanced budget with a $6.7 billion deficit projected to last until 2024–2025.[17] PC leader Doug Ford called the budget a "spending spree".[18]
Mood of the voters[edit]
According to Toronto Star columnist Susan Delacourt, voters were motivated by a desire for change—such desire being more driven by emotion than by ideology—and one researcher estimated that more than half of the electorate was undecided in who they were likely to vote for.[19] The Huffington Post reported that half of voters were basing their vote intentions on how best to block the party they oppose.[20]
In February 2018, Campaign Research conducted a gap analysis on voter intentions in Ontario, and determined the following:
Voter gap analysis by party (February 2018)[21]
Liberal
PC
NDP
Highlights
64%
6%
6%
10%
13%
51%
7%
6%
10%
26%
61%
9%
13%
6%
11%
PCs had the lowest proportion of respondents (51%) not willing to vote for them at all, while the Liberals had the highest such proportion (64%)
At 13%, the Liberals' "hard support" was only half that for the PCs
For PCs, the strength of "hard support" increases with age, and older demographics tend to be more reliable voters
Conversely, such support for the Liberals and NDP significantly declines with age, with almost ¾ of those aged 55+ not willing to vote for them at all
= Not voting for party; not considered
= Not voting for party; shared consideration
= Not voting for party; exclusive consideration
= Will vote for party; others considered
= Will vote for party; no others considered
Results[edit]
See also: Candidates of the Ontario general election, 2018
Elections Ontario used electronic vote tabulator machines from Dominion Voting Systems for counting the ballots. Tabulators were deployed at 50 per cent of polling stations at a cost of CA$32,000,000.[22][23] This election was the first time Ontario used vote counting machines for a provincial election, although tabulators have been used in Ontario civic elections for more than 20 years, and also in a 2016 by-election in Whitby-Oshawa. The original paper ballots marked by voters will be kept for a year along with the digital scans of each ballot by the tabulator.[23]
The percentage of votes cast for the Progressive Conservatives by riding.
The percentage of votes cast for the NDP by riding.
The percentage of votes cast for the Liberals by riding.
Change in Progressive Conservative vote share by riding compared to the 2014 Ontario election.
Party
Votes
Seats
Progressive Conservative 2,326,632
40.50%
9.25%
76 / 124 (61%)
New Democratic 1,929,649
33.59%
9.84%
40 / 124 (32%)
Liberal 1,124,218
19.57%
19.08%
7 / 124 (6%)
Green 264,487
4.60%
0.24%
1 / 124 (0.8%)
Detailed analysis[edit]
e • d Unofficial Results - Elections to the 42nd Parliament of Ontario (2018)[24]
Political party
Party leader
MPPs
Votes
Candidates
2014
Dissol.
2018
±
#
%
± (pp)
Progressive Conservative Doug Ford 124 28 27 76 49 2,326,632 40.50% 9.25%
New Democratic Andrea Horwath 124 21 18 40 22 1,929,649 33.59% 9.84%
Liberal Kathleen Wynne 124 58 55 7 48 1,124,218 19.57% 19.08%
Green Mike Schreiner 124 – – 1 1 264,487 4.60% 0.24%
Libertarian Allen Small 117 – – – – 42,820 0.75% 0.06%
None of the Above Greg Vezina 42 – – – – 16,149 0.28% 0.19%
Independents and no affiliation 32 – 2 – 2 8,226 0.15% 0.07%
Trillium Bob Yaciuk 26 – 1 – 1 8,089 0.14% 0.13%
Northern Ontario Trevor Holliday 10 – – – – 5,912 0.10% 0.08%
Consensus Ontario Brad Harness 10 – – – – 2,682 0.05% New
Freedom Paul McKeever 14 – – – – 2,566 0.04% 0.22%
Ontario Party Jason Tysick 5 – – – – 2,316 0.04% New
Ontario Moderate Party Yuri Duboisky 16 – – – – 2,193 0.04% 0.03%
Communist Dave McKee 12 – – – – 1,471 0.03% 0.02%
Canadians' Choice Party Bahman Yazdanfar 5 – – – – 1,239 0.02% 0.01%
Stop the New Sex-Ed Agenda Queenie Yu 3 – – – – 1,078 0.02% New
Ontario Alliance Joshua E. Eriksen 4 – – – – 802 0.01% 0.01%
New People's Choice Party Daryl Christoff 3 – – – – 634 0.01% New
Special Needs Hilton Milan 5 – – – – 631 0.01% –
People's Political Party Kevin Clarke 6 – – – – 628 0.01% 0.01%
Confederation of Regions vacant 2 – – – – 386 0.01% –
Stop Climate Change Ken Ranney 2 – – – – 340 0.01% New
Go Vegan Paul Figueiras 2 – – – – 256 – 0.02%
Social Reform Party Abu Alam 2 – – – – 237 – New
Cultural Action Party Arthur Smitherman 3 – – – – 215 – New
Multicultural Party of Ontario Wasyl Luczkiw 2 – – – – 191 – New
Party of Objective Truth Derrick Matthews 2 – – – – 176 – New
Canadian Economic Party Patrick Knight 2 – – – – 151 – New
Pauper John Turmel 2 – – – – 112 – –
Vacant 4
Total 825 107 107 124 100.00%
Turnout 58.00% 6.70%
Regional analysis[edit]
Elections to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario – seats won by region (2018)
Party
Toronto
905 Belt
Ham/Niagara
Central
East
Midwest
Southwest
North
Total
Progressive Conservative 11 21 6 10 11 9 4 4 76
New Democratic 11 4 7 2 2 6 8 40
Liberal 3 3 1 7
Green 1 1
Total | 25 25 13 10 16 12 10 13 124
Events leading up to the election (2014–2018)[edit]
Date
June 12, 2014 The Liberal Party under Kathleen Wynne wins a majority government in the 41st Ontario general election. Progressive Conservative leader Tim Hudak announces his intention to step down following the selection of his successor.[25]
July 2, 2014 Tim Hudak resigns as leader of the Progressive Conservatives.[26] Simcoe—Grey MPP Jim Wilson is named interim leader.[27]
July 24, 2014 The Liberals pass their May 1 budget in its final reading.
May 9, 2015 Patrick Brown, the Conservative federal MP for Barrie, is elected leader of the Progressive Conservative Party.[28]
September 24, 2015 Ontario Provincial Police lay charges in relation to the Sudbury by-election scandal.[29]
November 1, 2016 Ontario Provincial Police announce charges under the provincial act against Gerry Lougheed and Patricia Sorbara (CEO and director of the 2018 Liberal campaign) for alleged bribery during a 2015 byelection.[30] Sorbara announced that she will step down from the campaign.[31]
January 24, 2018 CTV News reports that Progressive Conservative Party leader Patrick Brown is accused by two women of committing sexual misconduct. Brown denies the allegations.[32]
January 25, 2018 Patrick Brown resigns as leader of the Progressive Conservative Party.[33][34]
January 26, 2018 Progressive Conservative Party caucus chooses Nipissing MPP Vic Fedeli as interim leader.[35]
March 10, 2018 Doug Ford is elected leader of the Progressive Conservatives on the third ballot of the party's leadership election.[36] Fedeli continues as Leader of the Opposition for legislative purposes until the election due to Ford not having a seat in the Legislature.[37]
April 11, 2018 First Leaders Debate hosted by the Jamaican Canadian Association. Andrea Horwath, Mike Schreiner, and Premier Kathleen Wynne were in attendance. Doug Ford chose not to attend.[38]
April 16, 2018 The Ontario NDP release their full election platform.[39]
May 7, 2018 First televised debate hosted by CityNews: Toronto-focused debate with Ford, Horwath and Wynne[40]
May 9, 2018 Electoral Writ issued.[41]
May 11, 2018 Leaders' debate in Parry Sound.[42]
May 17, 2018 Candidate nominations close at 2 PM local time.[43]
May 26, 2018 Advance voting starts at voting locations and returning offices.[44][45]
May 27, 2018 Second televised debate, moderated by Steve Paikin and Farah Nasser, held at the Canadian Broadcasting Centre in Toronto and aired on CBC, CTV, Global, TVO, CPAC, CHCH and other outlets. Attended by Wynne, Ford, and Horwath.[46]
May 30, 2018 Advance voting ends at advance voting locations.[44]
June 1, 2018 Advance voting ends at returning offices.[44]
June 2, 2018 Premier Wynne concedes that the Liberals will not win the election.[47][48]
June 6, 2018 Special ballot voting at returning office or through home visit ends at 6:00 PM EST.[44]
June 7, 2018 Election day. Fixed-date of the 2018 provincial election.
Campaign period[edit]
Issues[edit]
2018 Ontario election – issues and respective party platforms[49]
Issue
Liberal PC NDP
Spending
Standing by its last budget's assertion of six consecutive deficits, with a return to balance in 2024–25
The Province will have a deficit in the government's first year. Based on Ford's campaign promises, economists estimate there will be five consecutive deficits between $8 billion and $6 billion.[50]
An audit will be conducted into the previous government's spending
There will be five consecutive deficits of between $5-billion and $2-billion
Taxation
Proceed with last budget's simplification of rate structure for personal income tax
Maintain corporate income tax at present rate of 11.5%
Corporate income tax to be reduced from 11.5% to 10.5%
Phase out income tax entirely for minimum-wage earners but cancel the $1 increase to minimum wage slated for 2019
Repeal the present cap and trade program
Oppose federally mandated carbon pricing
Reduce income tax rates
Reduce the small business income tax rate
Raise corporate tax rate from 11.5% to 13%
Ontarians earning more than $300,000 would see their tax rates rise by two percentage points, or one percentage point for those earning more than $220,000
Education
Modernize the curriculum and assessment of schools, from kindergarten to grade 12
$3-billion in capital grants over 10 years to post-secondary institutions
Replace the present curricula for sex education and return to traditional mathematics education
Limit funding to postsecondary institutions that do not respect free speech
$16-billion in spending over 10 years on infrastructure and repairs at Ontario's schools
Cap kindergarten class sizes at 26 students
Abolish standardized EQAO testing
Give OSAP-qualified students non-repayable grants instead of loans
Remove interest off existing student loans and apply interest that has already been paid to the loan principal
Child care
Free child care for all Ontarians aged two-and-a-half to junior kindergarten age, regardless of income
A sliding scale of tax rebates, providing up to $6,750 per child under 15 and giving low-income families as much as 75 per cent of their child-care costs
Income-based scale for child care:
Free child care for families earning under $40,000 annually
Average of $12 per day cost for those making over $40,000
Transit and infrastructure
$79-billion for various public-transit projects over 14 years, including:
a Toronto-to-Windsor high-speed rail line
light-rail expansion in Ottawa
cost reductions for GO Transit users
$5-billion in extra funding for new subways in Toronto
Prioritize the Relief Line
Assure that the Scarborough Subway Extension to the Scarborough Town Centre will have three stops
Cover 50% of the operating costs of municipal transit services
Build the Relief Line in Toronto
Restore operations of the Northlander in Northern Ontario
Bring in two-way all-day service on GO Transit's Kitchener line
Construct the LRT line in Hamilton
Electrify the existing GO lines and the Union Pearson Express
Remove tolls on the Highway 412 and prevent tolls for the Highway 418[51]
Hydro
Standing by its 2017 plan to defer rate increases through current borrowing
Will proceed to sell the Province's remaining 60% interest in Hydro One
Cut rates by 12%, over and above the Liberals' current 25% reduction
Return Hydro One to 100% public ownership
Reduce rates by 30%
End time-of-use pricing
Environment
Proceed with April 2018 announcement to spend $1.7-billion over three years towards retrofitting homes for energy efficiency
End cap-and-trade
Divert at least 25% of cap-and-trade revenue to help northern, rural and low-income Ontarians adapt to a lower-carbon lifestyle
Spend $50-million on a home-efficiency retrofit program.
Party slogans[edit]
Party
English
French
Translation of French (unofficial)
█ Liberal "Care over cuts"[52]
█ PC "For the People"[53]
"Help is on the way."[54]
█ New Democratic "Change for the better"[55] "Changeons pour le mieux"[56] Let's change for the better
█ Green "People Powered Change"[57]
█ Libertarian "The Party of Choice"[58]
Endorsements[edit]
Endorsements received by each party
Type
Liberal
PC
NDP
Green
No endorsement
Media
Postmedia Network
The London Free Press[59]
Toronto Sun[60]
National Post[61]
Ottawa Citizen[62]
Ajax News Advertiser[63]
The Post Millennial[64]
Toronto Star[65]
Metroland Media Group
The Hamilton Spectator[66]
Niagara Falls Review[66]
Le Droit[67]
Toronto Star (Riding of Guelph only)[68]
The Globe and Mail[69]
Waterloo Region Record[70]
Laurentian Media Group[71]
Politicians and public figures
Justin Trudeau[72]
Andrew Scheer[73]
Hazel McCallion[74]
Kevin O'Leary[75]
Mel Lastman[76]
Stephen Harper[77]
Jagmeet Singh[78]
Michael Coren[79]
Jerry Dias[79]
Bernie Farber[79]
Kay Gardner[79]
David Miller[79]
Judy Rebick[79]
Kristyn Wong-Tam[79]
Charles Pascal[79]
Sandy Hudson[79]
Olivia Chow[80]
Elizabeth May[81]
David Suzuki[81]
Unions and business associations
Ontario Convenience Stores Association[82]
Ottawa Police Association[83]
United Steelworkers Local 2251[84]
Elementary Teachers' Federation of Ontario[85]
Canadian Union of Public Employees[86]
Ontario Steelworkers[87]
Amalgamated Transit Union[88]
Candidates[edit]
See also: Candidates of the Ontario general election, 2018
Candidate nominations[edit]
In February 2018, the PC leadership overturned the nomination of candidates Karma Macgregor in Ottawa West—Nepean and Thenusha Parani in Scarborough Centre because of irregularities and allegations of ballot stuffing at their nomination meetings.[89] Both candidates denied these claims.[90] The nomination meetings were reorganized, and both candidates lost the nomination at those meetings. However, the PC leadership decided not to overturn the nomination meeting's result in Hamilton West—Ancaster—Dundas, where a similar situation took place, because of an ongoing police investigation on this situation.[91]
In March 2018, the NDP nominated Lyra Evans as their candidate in Ottawa-Vanier. Evans is the first openly transgender candidate nominated by a major party to run in an Ontario general election.[92][93]
Incumbents not running for reelection[edit]
Electoral District
Incumbent at dissolution and subsequent nominee
New MPP
Brant (now Brantford-Brant) Dave Levac[94] Ruby Toor Will Bouma
Glengarry—Prescott—Russell Grant Crack[95] Pierre Leroux Amanda Simard
Guelph Liz Sandals[96] Sly Castaldi Mike Schreiner
Kenora—Rainy River Sarah Campbell[97] Glen Archer Greg Rickford
Kitchener-Conestoga Michael Harris[98] – Mike Harris Jr.
London North Centre Deb Matthews[96] Kate Graham Terence Kernaghan
Markham-Unionville Michael Chan[95] Amanda Yeung Collucci Billy Pang
Mississauga—Erindale Harinder Takhar[99] Riding dissolved
Pickering-Scarborough East Tracy MacCharles[95] Riding dissolved
Scarborough Centre Brad Duguid[100] Mazhar Shafiq Christina Mitas
Simcoe North Patrick Brown[101] – Jill Dunlop
Welland (now Niagara Centre) Cindy Forster[102][103] Jeff Burch Jeff Burch
York Centre Monte Kwinter[104] Ramon Estaris Roman Baber
York—Simcoe Julia Munro[105] Caroline Mulroney Caroline Mulroney
York West (now Humber River—Black Creek) Mario Sergio[106] Deanna Sgro Tom Rakocevic
Opinion polls[edit]
Campaign period[edit]
Evolution of voting intentions during the 2018 Ontario provincial election campaign. Plot generated in R from data in the table below. Trendlines are local regressions, with polls weighted by proximity in time and sample size. 95% confidence ribbons represent uncertainty about the regressions, not the likelihood that actual election results would fall within the intervals.
showPolling firm
Last date
of polling
Link
Lib
PC
NDP
Gre
Oth
Margin
of error
Sample
size
Polling method
Lead
Forum Research June 6, 2018 PDF 21 39 34 5 1 ±3 pp 2,178 IVR 5
Research Co. June 6, 2018 HTML 20 39 37 4 1 ±3.8 pp 661 Online 2
EKOS June 6, 2018 PDF 18.9 39.1 35.1 4.5 2.4 ±2.8 pp 1,230 IVR 4.0
Pollara June 5, 2018 PDF 17 38 38 6 2 ±3.3 pp 906 (1/3) Online/telephone (rolling) 0
Ipsos June 5, 2018 HTML 19 39 36 6* ±3.1 pp 1,501 Online/telephone 3
Mainstreet Research June 4, 2018 HTML 20.2 39.0 34.3 4.9 1.7 ±1.7 pp 3,320 IVR 4.7
Leger June 4, 2018 HTML 18 39 38 5* N/A 1,008 Online 1
Pollara June 4, 2018 PDF 17 39 37 6 1 ±3.0 pp 1,083 (1/4) Online/telephone (rolling) 2
Pollara June 3, 2018 PDF 20 38 37 5 1 ±2.7 pp 1,275 (1/4) Online/telephone (rolling) 1
Forum Research June 2, 2018 PDF 18 38 37 5 2 ±3 pp 2,349 IVR 1
Abacus Data June 2, 2018 HTML 23 33 37 5 2 ±1.9 pp 2,646 Online 4
Pollara June 2, 2018 PDF 20 37 37 5 1 ±2.6 pp 1,447 Online/telephone 0
EKOS May 31, 2018 PDF 19.3 38.6 34.9 5.9 1.2 ±3.1 pp 990 (2/3) IVR (rolling) 3.7
Research Co. May 31, 2018 HTML 18 38 39 4 1 ±3.7 pp 701 Online 1
Forum Research May 29, 2018 PDF 19 39 35 5 2 ±2 pp 2,602 IVR 4
H+K Strategies May 29, 2018 HTML 19 37 39 6 ±2.5 pp 1,500 Online 2
EKOS May 29, 2018 PDF 19.1 37.9 38.4 3.3 1.3 ±3.2 pp 945 IVR 0.5
Angus Reid May 29, 2018 PDF 17 37 39 5 2 ±3.5 pp 773 Online 2
Innovative Research May 29, 2018 PDF 22 34 36 6 2 N/A 958 Online 2
Innovative Research May 29, 2018 PDF 21 34 37 6 1 ±4.0 pp 611 Telephone 3
Pollara May 28, 2018 PDF 17 32 43 5 2 ±3.5 pp 800 Online 11
Media consortium leaders' debate in Toronto (May 27, 2018)[107]
Mainstreet Research May 27, 2018 HTML 16.0 37.9 39.3 4.5 2.4 ±2.39 pp 1,682 IVR 1.4
Ipsos May 27, 2018 HTML 22 37 34 7* ±3.2 pp 1,241 Online/telephone 3
Abacus Data May 26, 2018 HTML 23 33 37 4 2 ±3.5 pp 800 Online 4
EKOS May 24, 2018 PDF 20.4 34.9 35.6 7.0 2.1 ±3.1 pp 1,021 IVR 0.7
Forum Research May 23, 2018 PDF 14 33 47 4 2 ±3 pp 906 IVR 14
Innovative Research May 23, 2018 PDF 26 36 31 6 1 N/A 1,074 Online 5
Pollara May 22, 2018 HTML 18 37 38 5 2 ±3.3 pp 870 Online 1
Leger May 22, 2018 PDF 21 37 37 5* ±3.09 pp 1,008 Online 0
Ipsos May 21, 2018 HTML 23 36 37 4* ±3.5 pp 1,000 Online 1
Abacus Data May 18, 2018 HTML 24 35 34 5 2 ±1.9 pp 2,824 Online 1
Mainstreet Research May 18, 2018 HTML 22.3 41.9 29.3 5.0 1.4 ±2.02 pp 2,350 IVR 12.6
EKOS May 17, 2018 PDF 23.3 39.1 29.8 5.4 2.3 ±2.9 pp 1,124 IVR 9.3
H+K Strategies May 15, 2018 HTML 23 38 32 7* ±2.5 pp 1,500 Online 6
Ipsos May 14, 2018 HTML 22 40 35 3* ±3.5 pp 1,000 Online 5
Innovative Research May 12, 2018 PDF 27 35 31 6 1 N/A 1,529 Online 4
Leaders' debate in Parry Sound (May 11, 2018)
Mainstreet Research May 11, 2018 HTML 22.1 42.3 28.4 5.4 1.8 ±1.95 pp 2,534 IVR 13.9
Forum Research May 9, 2018 PDF 22 40 33 4 2 ±4 pp 777 IVR 7
Innovative Research May 9, 2018 PDF 28 38 28 6 1 N/A 915 Online 10
CityTV Toronto leaders' debate (May 7, 2018)[108]
*Includes support for the Green Party
Best Premier and Party Leader Approval Ratings[edit]
Date
Firm
Best Premier ratings
Approval ratings
Ford
Horwath
Wynne
Ford
Horwath
Wynne
Approve
Disapprove
Approve
Disapprove
Approve
Disapprove
June 6, 2018 Research Co. 36% 55% 54% 34% 29% 64%
June 2, 2018 Forum Research 27% 31% 17% 27% 55% 41% 34% 23% 65%
June 2, 2018 Abacus Data 25% 48% 42% 20% 21% 56%
May 31, 2018 Research Co. 23% 28% 15% 33% 56% 52% 34% 27% 64%
May 29, 2018 Forum Research 29% 30% 16% 30% 53% 40% 32% 23% 65%
May 29, 2018 Angus Reid 25% 34% 15%
May 29, 2018 Innovative Research 23% 30% 14% 30% 54% 48% 23% 25% 59%
May 26, 2018 Abacus Data 27% 45% 44% 15% 19% 60%
May 23, 2018 Forum Research 30% 33% 15% 32% 51% 43% 26% 19% 69%
May 23, 2018 Innovative Research 24% 26% 19% 27% 57% 46% 20% 24% 61%
May 22, 2018 Leger 23% 28% 12%
May 18, 2018 Abacus Data 26% 46% 42% 13% 17% 60%
May 12, 2018 Innovative Research 24% 26% 16% 31% 52% 44% 17% 21% 62%
May 9, 2018 Forum Research 34% 49% 42% 25% 20% 71%
Major Regional Polls - Toronto[edit]
hidePolling firm
Last date
of polling
Link
Lib
PC
NDP
Gre
Oth
Margin
of error
Sample
size
Polling method
Lead
Campaign Research May 16, 2018 HTML 27 35 32 5 2 ±2.3 pp 1,871 Online 3
Leaders' debate in Parry Sound (May 11, 2018)
Mainstreet Research May 7, 2018 PDF 31.1 36.6 23.1 5.9 3.4 ±2.19 pp 2,000 IVR 5.5
CityTV Toronto leaders' debate (May 7, 2018)[108]
Pre-campaign period[edit]
Ten-poll average of Ontario opinion polls from June 12, 2014, to the last possible date of the next election on June 6, 2018. Each line corresponds to a political party.
showPolling organisation
Last date of polling
Source
Lib
PC
NDP
Gr
Oth
Polling type
Sample size
Margin of error
Ipsos May 7, 2018 HTML 26 40 29 - 5 Online/telephone 1,197 ±3.2%
EKOS Research May 6, 2018 Twitter 24.4 41.1 25.6 6.5 2 IVR 2,018 ±2.2%
Abacus Data May 6, 2018 HTML 29 35 29 5 2 Online 1,755 ±2.4%
Nanos Research May 6, 2018 PDF 28.5 41.1 24.3 5.9 Telephone 500 ±4.4%
Pollara May 4, 2018 HTML 23 40 30 6 1 Online 1,010 ±3.1%
Leger April 23, 2018 HTML 26 43 26 - Online 1,000+
Nanos Research April 22, 2018 PDF 30.6 42.2 21.4 5.3 Telephone 2,098 ±2.1%
Forum Research April 18, 2018 PDF 21 46 27 4 2 IVR 1,126 ±3%
Mainstreet Research April 18, 2018 HTML 28.2 44.9 21.3 4.0 1.6 IVR 1,763 ±2.33%
Ipsos April 9, 2018 HTML 27 40 28 - 5 Online 800 ±4.0%
Innovative Research April 9, 2018 HTML 29.9 42.5 20.7 6.9 1.1 Online 600 ±4.0%
Abacus Data April 8, 2018 HTML 28 40 24 6 2 Online 4,177 ±1.5%
EKOS Research April 5, 2018 PDF 29.3 43.0 20.7 5.2 1.8 IVR 1,067 ±3.0%
Mainstreet Research April 4, 2018 HTML 23.9 50.3 18.3 5.2 2.4 IVR 1,969 ±2.21%
Forum Research March 29, 2018 PDF 29 36 26 7 2 IVR 728 ±4%
Innovative Research March 20, 2018 PDF 26 44 22 7 1 Telephone 603 ±4.0%
Mainstreet Research March 18, 2018 HTML 26.2 47.0 18.6 6.4 1.8 IVR 2,003 ±2.23%
Campaign Research March 14, 2018 HTML 27 43 23 5 1 Online 1,637 ±2.4%
Leger March 14, 2018 PDF 26 42 24 - 8 Online 1,008 ±3.087%
Ipsos March 14, 2018 HTML 32 39 25 - 3 Online 803 ±4.0%
Forum Research March 11, 2018 PDF 23 44 27 5 2 IVR 923 ±3%
10 March 2018 Doug Ford is elected leader of the Progressive Conservative Party
Angus Reid March 7, 2018 PDF 24 50 22 - 4 Online 807 ±3.4%
DART February 27, 2018 PDF 19 44 24 - 13 Online 962 ±3.6%
Nanos Research February 26, 2018 PDF 30.5 43.5 23.2 2.8 Telephone 502 ±4.4%
Forum Research February 23, 2018 PDF 21 46 24 7 2 IVR 1,005 ±3%
Ipsos February 19, 2018 HTML 29 38 26 - 7 Online 802 ±4.0%
Forum Research February 17, 2018 PDF 24 49 19 7 2 IVR 949 ±3%
Campaign Research February 11, 2018 HTML 28 43 20 8 1 Online 1,426 ±2.5%
Leger January 2018 HTML 33 36 26 Online 996 ±3.1%
Innovative Research January 29, 2018 PDF 32 36 21 9 2 Online 1,027
26 January 2018 Vic Fedeli is appointed as interim leader of the Ontario PC Party
Forum Research January 25, 2018 PDF 27 42 23 6 2 IVR 751 ±4%
25 January 2018 Patrick Brown resigns as Ontario PC leader
Innovative Research January 17, 2018 PDF 35 38 18 8 1 Online 1,040
Forum Research January 13, 2018 PDF 24 43 24 7 2 IVR 1,022 ±3%
Campaign Research January 11, 2018 HTML 34 35 23 6 2 Online 1,544 ±2.5%
Mainstreet Research January 6, 2018 PDF 32 43 18 7 IVR 2,375 ±2.01%
Nanos Research December 18, 2017 PDF 33.5 41.4 20.5 4.0 Telephone 500 ±4.4%
Ipsos December 14, 2017 HTML 28 36 28 - 9 Online 829 ±4.0%
Campaign Research December 6, 2017 HTML 35 34 22 7 2 Online 1,495 ±2.5%
Forum Research November 30, 2017 PDF 24 40 26 8 2 IVR 861 ±3%
Innovative Research November 17, 2017 PDF 31 41 19 8 1 Telephone 607 ±4.0%
Campaign Research November 9, 2017 HTML 32 35 23 9 1 Online 1,263 ±2.8%
Nanos Research October 29, 2017 PDF 29.2 38.3 26.0 6.4 Telephone 500 ±4.4%
Forum Research October 25, 2017 PDF 24 45 22 7 2 IVR 946 ±3%
Campaign Research October 11, 2017 HTML 32 36 25 7 1 Online 1,347 ±2.7%
Forum Research September 27, 2017 PDF 22 44 27 5 2 IVR 801 ±3%
Innovative Research September 18, 2017 PDF 35 40 18 5 1 Telephone 608 ±4.0%
Campaign Research September 11, 2017 HTML 33 38 23 6 0 Online 1,133 ±2.9%
Ipsos September 11, 2017 HTML 32 39 22 - 7 Online 800 ±4.0%
Forum Research August 24, 2017 PDF 25 40 27 6 2 IVR 981 ±3%
Nanos Research August 17, 2017 PDF 31.2 42.2 19.5 6.7 Telephone 500 ±4.4%
Innovative Research July 19, 2017 HTML 36 40 17 6 1 Telephone 605 ±4.0%
Campaign Research July 10, 2017 HTML 31 38 23 6 1 Online 943 ±3%
Innovative Research June 27, 2017 HTML 35 39 20 5 1 Telephone 600 ±4.0%
Forum Research June 14, 2017 PDF 23 44 24 7 2 IVR 1,003 ±3%
Campaign Research June 12, 2017 HTML 30 38 24 7 1 Online 1,118 ±3%
Mainstreet Research May 25, 2017 HTML 29 43 24 5 - IVR 2,000 ±2.19%
Campaign Research May 13, 2017 HTML 37 34 22 6 1 Online 864 ±4%
Forum Research May 10, 2017 PDF 28 41 23 6 3 IVR 1,103 ±3%
Campaign Research April 11, 2017 HTML 31 36 25 Online 979 ±3%
Innovative Research April 5, 2017 PDF 29 40 23 6 2 Online 779
Forum Research March 30, 2017 PDF 19 43 28 8 2 IVR 884 ±3.3%
Mainstreet Research March 12, 2017 HTML 30 40 24 6 - IVR 2,531 ±1.95%
Forum Research February 16, 2017 PDF 24 44 25 6 2 IVR 1,120 ±3%
Mainstreet Research February 12, 2017 HTML 29 39 27 4 - IVR 2,524 ±1.95%
Campaign Research January 29, 2017 HTML 28 50 15 5 2 IVR 676 ±4%
Forum Research November 21, 2016 PDF 24 43 24 8 2 IVR 1,184 ±3%
Nanos Research November 19, 2016 PDF 31.9 39.9 22.2 5.2 0.8 Telephone 500 ±4.4%
Mainstreet Research November 2, 2016 HTML 25 43 27 6 - IVR 2,524 ±1.95%
Forum Research October 18, 2016 PDF 24 43 23 8 2 IVR 1,124 ±3%
Innovative Research September 24, 2016 PDF 33 38 20 8 - Telephone 600 ±4.0%
Ipsos September 22, 2016 HTML 40 35 20 5 - Online 800 ±4%
Mainstreet Research September 18, 2016 HTML 28 43 23 6 - IVR 2,562 ±1.94%
Forum Research September 13, 2016 PDF 25 45 23 6 2 IVR 1,154 ±3%
Ipsos September 9, 2016 HTML 35 37 23 5 - Online 800 ±4%
8 September 2016 Premier Kathleen Wynne prorogues the legislature
Forum Research August 15, 2016 PDF 28 41 23 6 2 IVR 1,097 ±3%
Forum Research July 12, 2016 PDF 35 42 17 5 2 IVR 1,183 ±3%
Forum Research June 21, 2016 PDF 30 40 21 8 2 IVR 1,173 ±3%
Forum Research May 31, 2016 PDF 30 40 21 7 2 IVR 1,172 ±3%
Mainstreet Research May 18, 2016 HTML 36 38 20 5 - IVR 2,537 ±1.95%
Forum Research April 25, 2016 PDF 34 39 21 5 2 IVR 1,157 ±3%
Forum Research March 23, 2016 PDF 30 40 24 5 2 IVR 1,225 ±3%
Forum Research February 29, 2016 PDF 27 44 22 6 2 IVR 1,148 ±3%
Mainstreet Research February 16, 2016 HTML 33 36 26 5 - IVR 2,623 ±1.91%
Forum Research December 20, 2015 PDF 31 34 26 7 2 IVR 1,003 ±3%
Ipsos November 9, 2015 HTML 44 31 20 4 - Online 1,002 ±3.5%
Forum Research November 4, 2015 PDF 30 36 26 6 1 IVR 1,158 ±3%
Mainstreet Research November 1, 2015 HTML 28 40 25 7 - IVR 2,506 ±1.96%
Mainstreet Research September 21, 2015 HTML 30 40 24 7 - IVR 4,610 ±1.5%
Forum Research August 13, 2015 PDF 26 35 33 4 2 IVR 1,001 ±3%
Forum Research July 5, 2015 PDF 26 32 35 5 2 IVR 678 ±4%
Ipsos May 20, 2015 HTML 34.13 32.37 25.19 8.31 - Online 1,002 ±3.5%
Innovative Research May 19, 2015 PDF 34 35 24 6 - Telephone 606 ±4.0%
Forum Research May 11, 2015 PDF 24 33 36 5 2 IVR 1,001 ±3%
9 May 2015 Patrick Brown is elected leader of the Ontario PC Party
Forum Research April 30, 2015 PDF 29 36 24 9 2 IVR 912 ±3%
Innovative Research April 26, 2015 PDF 40 33 18 8 1 Online 1,017
Forum Research March 26, 2015 PDF 29 34 27 8 2 IVR 881 ±3%
Environics March 25, 2015 HTML 32 33 27 7 - Telephone 989 ±3.1%
Forum Research February 27, 2015 PDF 32 39 21 6 2 IVR 996 ±3%
Forum Research January 30, 2015 PDF 37 36 19 6 2 IVR 1,028 ±3%
Forum Research December 20, 2014 PDF 35 36 20 7 2 IVR 1,058 ±3%
Forum Research November 29, 2014 PDF 37 37 17 7 2 IVR 1,054 ±3%
Forum Research November 1, 2014 PDF 40 35 19 4 2 IVR 1,104 ±3%
Forum Research October 1, 2014 PDF 36 34 23 6 1 IVR 1,079 ±3%
Forum Research August 21, 2014 PDF 39 32 19 8 2 IVR 1,229 ±3%
2 July 2014 Jim Wilson becomes interim leader of the Ontario PC Party
2 July 2014 Tim Hudak resigns as leader of the Ontario PC Party
2014 election June 12, 2014 HTML 38.65 31.25 23.75 4.84 1.51
Notes[edit]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Ferguson, Rob (October 19, 2016). "Ontario moves election date to June 7, 2018". Toronto Star. Retrieved October 31, 2016.
Jump up ^ Electoral Boundaries Act, 2015, S.O. 2015, c. 31
Jump up ^ as a result of the Election Statute Law Amendment Act, 2016, S.O. 2016, c. 33, s. 36
Jump up ^ "Report: Far North Electoral Boundaries Commission". August 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Benzie, Robert (August 8, 2017). "Ontario to get 17 new ridings, including a constituency that is largely Indigenous". Toronto Star. Retrieved December 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ Representation Statute Law Amendment Act, 2017, S.O. 2017, c. 18
Jump up ^ "Ontario Liberals' plan for two new ridings could violate the Charter and cost PCs the election". National Post. August 3, 2017. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Public Opinion Research: Ontario This Month" (PDF). innovativeresearch.ca. Innovative Research Group. September 2017. pp. 17–23.
Jump up ^ Election Statute Law Amendment Act, 2005, S.O. 2005, c. 35, s. 1(3)
Jump up ^ Benzie, Robert (June 4, 2015). "Ontario to add 15 MPPs, move 2018 election date ahead". Toronto Star. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ Election Statute Law Amendment Act, 2016, S.O. 2016, c. 33, s. 7
Jump up ^ "How a historic Liberal collapse and PC upheaval turned Ontario election into a wild horse race". National Post. 2018-06-08. Retrieved 2018-06-12.
Jump up ^ "Opinion | The day Kathleen Wynne lost the 2018 election". thestar.com. Retrieved 2018-06-12.
Jump up ^ Grenier, Eric (April 6, 2018). "With nine weeks to go, the Ontario election is Doug Ford's to lose". CBC News. Retrieved April 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ Crawley, Mike (April 7, 2018). "11 Liberals won't run in Ontario election, and that's a problem for Kathleen Wynne". CBC News. Retrieved April 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ontario voters facing 'stark choice' in June, says Kathleen Wynne". Toronto Star. March 12, 2018. Retrieved April 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ontario budget 2018: Liberals run deficit, introduce new spending in pre-election budget". Global News. Canadian Press. March 28, 2018. Retrieved April 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Veering left is right for Kathleen Wynne". Toronto Star. April 1, 2018. Retrieved April 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ Delacourt, Susan (May 29, 2018). "What is it that is driving Ontario voters?". The Toronto Star.
Jump up ^ Omer, Mohammed (May 30, 2018). "Ontario Election 2018: Poll Finds Half of Decided Voters Making Choice Based on Party They Dislike". The Huffington Post.
Jump up ^ Yufest, Eli (February 2018). "Analysis of Voter Support Ceilings for Major Ontario Parties". Campaign Research.
Jump up ^ Yun, Tom (June 7, 2018). "Ontario's experiment with vote-counting machines could change elections to come". Macleans.
^ Jump up to: a b Reevely, David (June 7, 2018). "Elections Ontario has 'utmost confidence' in new vote-counting machines but also has backup plan". Ottawa Citizen.
Jump up ^ "Province-Wide Election Night Results". elections.on.ca. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ontario election 2014: Tim Hudak to step down". CBC News. June 12, 2014. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Tim Hudak to quit July 2 amid Tory revolt". Toronto Star. June 18, 2014. Retrieved June 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ Brennan, Richard (July 2, 2014). "Progressive Conservatives pick Jim Wilson as interim leader". The Toronto Star. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Barrie MP Patrick Brown resigns seat as he shifts to lead provincial PCs". Ottawa Citizen. May 13, 2015. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Gerry Lougheed Jr., Ontario Liberal fundraiser, charged in Sudbury byelection scandal". CBC News. September 24, 2015. Retrieved September 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Top Liberals face Elections Act charges in Sudbury case | Toronto Star". thestar.com. Retrieved 2016-11-01.
Jump up ^ "Wynne adviser to step down after OPP charges related to Sudbury byelection | Toronto Star". thestar.com. Retrieved 2016-11-01.
Jump up ^ Aiello, Rachel; McGregor, Glen (January 24, 2018). "Patrick Brown denies sexual misconduct allegations from two women, resigns as Ontario PC leader". CTV News.
Jump up ^ Crawley, Mike (January 25, 2018). "Patrick Brown resigns as Ontario PC leader after sexual misconduct allegations". CBC News.
Jump up ^ "Statement from Ontario PC Leader Patrick Brown". ontariopca.ca. January 25, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Vic Fedeli chosen as interim leader of Ontario PCs with election looming". CBC News. 2018-01-26. Retrieved 2018-01-26.
Jump up ^ "Doug Ford named new Ontario PC leader". CTV News. The Canadian Press. March 10, 2018. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ford 'the boss': Fedeli". Sudbury Star. Postmedia Network. March 11, 2018. Retrieved March 14, 2018. Fedeli, who has served as interim party leader since the resignation of Patrick Brown amid allegations of sexual misconduct several weeks ago, will remain opposition leader for parliamentary purposes because Ford does not have a seat in the Ontario legislature
Jump up ^ "Doug Ford bails on first Ontario election leaders debate – iPolitics". iPolitics. 2018-04-05. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
Jump up ^ "Andrea Horwath's Change for the Better". Ontario NDP. Retrieved 2018-04-18.
Jump up ^ "Ford, Horwath, Wynne to face off in Toronto-focused CityNews debate May 7". CityNews. 2018-04-20. Retrieved 2018-04-21.
Jump up ^ "Election 101: Here's what you need to know about the Ontario election". cbc.ca. May 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ Bissonette, Sarah (May 7, 2018). "Wynne, Ford and Horwath debate in Parry Sound Friday". parrysound.com.
Jump up ^ Blackwell, Tom (May 16, 2018). "Ontario PC candidate resigns after private 407 freeway confirms 'internal theft' of data on 60,000 customers". National Post.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Advance voting begins for provincial election". ctvnews.ca. May 26, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Advance Voting for Provincial General Election Starts Today" (PDF). elections.on.ca. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Date set for televised leaders debate in Ontario election | CBC News". CBC. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
Jump up ^ Benzie, Robert (June 2, 2018). "Wynne concedes she will lose Thursday's election, urges voters to elect Liberal MPPs as check on Ford or Horwath". Toronto Star.
Jump up ^ Giovannetti, Justin (June 3, 2018). "Ontario's NDP, PCs jockey for majority in wake of Wynne's early concession". The Globe and Mail.
Jump up ^ "Ontario election guide: What you need to know before you vote". The Globe and Mail. May 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Doug Ford's Plan is Furthest Away From a Balanced Budget". CTV News. May 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ Streck, Aaron (2018-06-01). "Durham highway tolls will be removed if elected, say NDP candidates". Globalnews.ca. Retrieved 2018-06-07.
Jump up ^ Akin, David (May 18, 2018). "For the Wynne Liberals, the Ontario election has always been 'Save the Furniture'". Global News.
Jump up ^ "Doug Ford, Ontario PCs unveil campaign bus and 'For The People' slogan". CityNews. Toronto. April 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ Jarvis, Anne (June 1, 2018). "Ford tells supporters in Windsor 'help is on the way'". Windsor Star.
Jump up ^ Powers, Lucas (April 16, 2018). "Ontario NDP platform proposes big spending on health care, social services". CBC News.
Jump up ^ "La plateforme néo-démocrate est enfin disponible en français". Ici Radio-Canada Première (in French). April 26, 2018.
Jump up ^ Janus, Andrea (May 14, 2018). "Basic income, road tolls for transit part of Ontario Green Party's election platform". CBC News.
Jump up ^ Small, Allen (May 18, 2018). "Ontario Libertarian Party leader Allen Small shares his views on election issues". Global News (Interview). Interviewed by Tasha Kheiriddin. Toronto.
Jump up ^ "Of choices we have, Ford's PCs are best". The London Free Press. June 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Our choice for Ontario is Ford". Toronto Sun. June 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ontario's choice is clear, if less than ideal: A Progressive Conservative government". National Post. June 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ "The Progressive Conservatives should form the next Ontario government". Ottawa Citizen. June 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ https://www.durhamregion.com/opinion-story/8629987-change-is-needed-in-ontario/
Jump up ^ https://www.thepostmillennial.com/editorial-pcs-are-the-only-real-choice//
Jump up ^ "Ontario voters should back NDP to stop Doug Ford". Toronto Star. June 1, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Opinion | The Spectator's view: Ford PCs say take them on faith — that's not enough". TheSpec.com. 2018-06-05. Retrieved 2018-06-06.
Jump up ^ Jury, Pierre (June 5, 2018). "Pour le NPD" [For the NDP]. Le Droit (in French).
Jump up ^ Board, Toronto Star Editorial (2018-05-22). "Opinion | OPINION: Guelph voters should consider making history and sending the Greens' Mike Schreiner to Queen's Park". GuelphMercury.com. Retrieved 2018-06-06.
Jump up ^ "Globe editorial: For Ontario voters, leadership and vision are not on offer". The Globe and Mail. June 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Opinion | The Record's view: In an era of disruption Ontario voters should seek stability". TheRecord.com. 2018-06-04. Retrieved 2018-06-06.
Jump up ^ "Editorial: We're endorsing change this provincial election". Laurentian Media Group. 2018-05-31. Retrieved 2018-06-07.
Jump up ^ Marieke Walsh (May 4, 2018). "Trudeau dropping in on Wynne days before election campaign". iPolitics. Retrieved June 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ Ali Raza (May 24, 2018). "Andrew Scheer says Doug Ford 'best choice' in election, slams Ontario NDP's past". Metroland Media. Retrieved May 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Hazel McCallion endorses PC Leader Doug Ford and Liberal Finance Minister Charles Sousa". Global News. May 30, 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Kevin O'Leary Taps 'Sharks' To Help Pay Back Tory Leadership Debt". Huffington Post. June 4, 2018. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
Jump up ^ Antonella Artuso (June 1, 2018). "'HE'S A STRAIGHT SHOOTER': Mel Lastman endorses Doug Ford". Toronto Sun.
Jump up ^ "Stephen Harper on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved 2018-06-07.
Jump up ^ "Andrea Horwath, Jagmeet Singh team up at Brampton event to keep pushing NDP in polls". CBC News Network. May 21, 2018. Retrieved June 5, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Coren, Michael; Dias, Jerry; Farber, Bernie M.; Gardner, Kay; Hudson, Sandy; Miller, David; Pascale, Charles; Rebick, Judy; Wong-Tam, Kristyn. "It's Time For Progressive Voters To Rally Around Andrea Horwath". HuffPost. Retrieved 2018-06-06.
Jump up ^ "Olivia Chow on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved 2018-06-07.
^ Jump up to: a b Carmen Ponciano (April 22, 2018). CBC http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/kitchener-waterloo/guelph-mike-schreiner-david-suzuki-elizabeth-may-1.4630234. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ Twitter. June 2, 2018 https://twitter.com/OntarioCStores/status/1002902718929727490. Retrieved June 2, 2018. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ "Ottawa police union endorses PCs". CBC News. May 31, 2018. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
Jump up ^ Erik White (May 31, 2018). "Sault Ste. Marie Steelworkers take flack for backing PC candidate: 'this is democracy'". CBC News. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
Jump up ^ Caroline Alphonso (May 10, 2018). The Globe and Mail https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-ontarios-largest-education-union-opts-to-endorse-ndp-over-liberals/. Retrieved June 1, 2018. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ CUPE https://cupe.ca/canadas-ndp-working-together. Retrieved June 2, 2018. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ Newswire https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/ontario-steelworkers-endorse-andrea-horwath-and-the-ndp-684338631.html. Retrieved June 3, 2018. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ ATU (PDF) http://atucanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/NDP-Endorsement.pdf. Retrieved May 15, 2018. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ "Party overturns Ottawa West-Nepean PC nomination | CBC News". CBC. Retrieved 2018-05-31.
Jump up ^ "PCs to hold new nomination contests in Ottawa West-Nepean, Scarborough Centre". Ottawa Citizen. 2018-02-10. Retrieved 2018-05-31.
Jump up ^ Benzie, Robert (February 9, 2018). "Tories overturn two controversial nominations, as they clean house in post-Patrick-Brown era". Toronto Star. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
Jump up ^ "NDP candidate hopes to give LGBT community greater voice at Queen's Park | CBC News". CBC. Retrieved 2018-05-13.
Jump up ^ "NDP in Ottawa-Vanier nominate Ontario's first transgender candidate for MPP". Ottawa Citizen. 2018-03-26. Retrieved 2018-05-13.
Jump up ^ Steve Paikin [@spaikin] (May 5, 2017). "Confirmed: speaker @DaveLevac announces he won't seek re-election in June 2018" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
^ Jump up to: a b c Benzie, Robert (April 5, 2018). "Liberal cabinet ministers Michael Chan and Tracy MacCharles, MPP Grant Crack say they are retiring". Toronto Star.
^ Jump up to: a b "Two more Wynne cabinet ministers say they won't run again in next June's Ontario election" (Press release). Toronto Star. October 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Kenora-Rainy River candidates starting to come out of woodwork". cbc.ca. Retrieved January 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ Michael Harris (2018-04-07). ""Please see my statement below:"". Twitter.com. Retrieved 2018-05-19.
Jump up ^ Steve Paikin [@spaikin] (April 25, 2018). "Veteran @OntLiberal MPP harinder takhar announces he won't run again" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ "Brad Duguid won't run in 2018 provincial election" (Press release). Toronto Star. September 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Former PC leader Patrick Brown not running in Ontario election". CBC News. Retrieved 2018-03-16.
Jump up ^ Forsyth, Paul (January 3, 2018). "Cindy Forster pledges to keep fighting for causes she believes in". niagarathisweek.com. Retrieved January 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ nurun.com. "UPDATED: Cindy Forster calling it quits". St. Catharines Standard. Retrieved January 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Monte Kwinter MPP for York Centre not seeking re-election in 2018" (Press release). Ontario Liberal Party. July 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Julia Munro announces Intention to Retire" (PDF). juliamunrompp.com. March 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Geoff Zochodne [@GeoffZochodne] (July 10, 2017). "Longtime Liberal @MarioSergioMPP is hanging them up" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ "The third and final televised debate of the provincial election campaign in Toronto". CBC Television. May 27, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Ontario Provincial Election 2018: CityNews Leaders' Debate". CityTV. May 7, 2018.
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