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List of mammals of West Virginia
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The northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus)
The Virginia big-eared bat, also known as Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii)
The Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis)
The eastern cougar (Puma concolor couguar) was deemed extinct by the USF&WS in 2011.
The Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana)
The coyote (Canis latrans) is expanding its range in West Virginia.
The American, or northern, short-tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda)
The woodland vole (Microtus pinetorum)
The snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus), typical of Canada, is nevertheless also native to West Virginia.
The American black bear (Ursus americanus) has been the West Virginia State Animal since 1973[1]
The river otter (Lontra canadensis) has been reestablished in West Virginia.
The state of West Virginia is home to 72 wild mammal species. Four – the Virginia big-eared bat, the Indiana bat, the West Virginia northern flying squirrel and the newly extinct eastern cougar – are federally listed as endangered. Several additional species are rare in the state and warrant close monitoring.
Some mammals which have thrived despite human disturbance include the opossum, which is more abundant and more widely distributed due to human activities. Also doing well are mammals that prefer farm and early successional habitats. The coyote is expanding its range eastward in the United States and now occurs throughout the state.
Many examples of West Virginia's present and former megafauna are on display at the West Virginia State Wildlife Center, a small zoo featuring native animals.
Contents
[hide]
1 The taxa
1.1 Order Didelphimorphia (opossums)
1.2 Order Eulipotyphla (shrews, moles, and relatives)
1.3 Order Chiroptera (bats)
1.4 Order Rodentia (rodents)
1.5 Order Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares, and pikas)
1.6 Order Carnivora (carnivorans)
1.7 Order Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
2 Introduced species
2.1 Wild boar
3 Recent eradications and near-eradications
4 Ice Age (Pleistocene) mammals of West Virginia[19]
5 See also
6 References
6.1 Citations
6.2 Other sources
The taxa[edit]
The following letters indicate the likelihood of finding each animal in West Virginia:
C Common Can be commonly seen in suitable habitat within current range.
U Uncommon Seldom seen because habitat restricted and/or behavior secretive.
R Rare Not often present even in suitable habitat.
E Exotic Not native to North America.
X Extirpated No longer present in West Virginia.
In addition, the IUCN classifies one of these species as vulnerable VU and five as near-threatened NT.
Order Didelphimorphia (opossums)[edit]
Family Didelphidae (opossums)
Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) C
Order Eulipotyphla (shrews, moles, and relatives)[edit]
Family Soricidae (shrews)
Cinereus shrew (Sorex cinereus) C
Southeastern shrew (Sorex longirostris) U
Smoky shrew (Sorex fumeus) U
Long-tailed shrew (Sorex dispar) U
American water shrew (Sorex palustris) R
American pygmy shrew (Sorex hoyi) U
Northern short-tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda) C
North American least shrew (Cryptotis parva) R
Family Talpidae (moles)
Hairy-tailed mole (Parascalops breweri) C
Eastern mole (Scalopus aquaticus) U
Star-nosed mole (Condylura cristata) U
Order Chiroptera (bats)[edit]
Family Vespertilionidae (vesper bats)
Little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) C
Northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) U
Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) R, NT IUCN
Eastern small-footed myotis (Myotis leibii) R
Gray bat (Myotis grisescens) R, NT IUCN
Silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans) U
Eastern pipistrelle (Perimyotis subflavus) C
Big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) C
Eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis) C
Hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) U
Evening bat (Nycticeius humeralis) R
Rafinesque's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus rafinesquii) R
Virginia big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii virginianus) R
Order Rodentia (rodents)[edit]
Family Sciuridae (squirrels)
Eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus) C
Groundhog (Marmota monax) C
Eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) C
Fox squirrel (Sciurus niger) C
American red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) C
Southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans) C
Virginia northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus) R
Family Castoridae (beavers)
North American beaver (Castor canadensis) C
Family Dipodidae (jumping mice)
Meadow jumping mouse (Zapus hudsonius) U
Woodland jumping mouse (Napaeozapus insignis) C
Family Cricetidae (New World mice and rats)
Eastern harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys humulis) R
Deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) C
White-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) C
Golden mouse (Ochrotomys nuttalli) U
Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) U, NT IUCN
Southern bog lemming (Synaptomys cooperi) U
Southern red-backed vole (Myodes gapperi) C
Meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) C
Rock vole (Microtus chrotorrhinus) U
Woodland vole (Microtus pinetorum) C
Prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) R
Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) C
Family Muridae (Old World mice and rats)
House mouse (Mus musculus) E
Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) E
Black rat (Rattus rattus) E
Family Erethizontidae (New World porcupines)
North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) R
Order Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares, and pikas)[edit]
Family Leporidae (rabbits and hares)
Snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) U
Appalachian cottontail (Sylvilagus obscurus) U, NT IUCN
Eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) C
Order Carnivora (carnivorans)[edit]
Family Canidae (dogs, wolves, and foxes)
Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) C
Gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) C
Coyote (Canis latrans) R
Eastern wolf (Canis lycaon) X
Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) E
Family Ursidae (bears)
American black bear (Ursus americanus) U
Family Procyonidae (raccoons and relatives)
Raccoon (Procyon lotor) C
Family Mustelidae (otters, weasels, and relatives)
Least weasel (Mustela nivalis) U
Long-tailed weasel (Mustela frenata) U
American mink (Neovison vison) U
Fisher (Martes pennanti) R
North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) R
Family Mephitidae (skunks)
Eastern spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius) U, VU IUCN
Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) C
Family Felidae (cats)
Bobcat (Lynx rufus) U
Eastern cougar (Puma concolor couguar) X
Cat (Felis catus) E
Order Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)[edit]
Family Suidae (pigs)
Wild boar (Sus scrofa) E
Domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) E
Family Cervidae (deer)
Virginia white-tailed deer (Odocoileus v. virginianus) C
Eastern elk (Cervus c. canadensis) X
Family Bovidae (cattle, goats, and relatives)
American bison (Bison bison) X, NT IUCN
Goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) E
Introduced species[edit]
Wild boar: This European species was introduced to southern West Virginia a generation or two ago.
During colonial times, the black rat (roof rat), Norway rat and house mouse all came to North America, including the future West Virginia, with European settlers and traders. Dogs, cats, pigs and goats that have wandered off or were abandoned have established or feral populations in portions of the state.
Wild boar[edit]
European wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) were introduced into south-eastern West Virginia in 1971 (one source says “the late 1960s”) as an additional large game animal for hunting. Populations are located in the counties of Boone, Logan, Raleigh, and Wyoming. Since the late 1990s the numbers of wild boar have been decreasing, primarily due to a combination of habitat loss and food competition from the expanding populations of native black bear and whitetail deer.[2]
Recent eradications and near-eradications[edit]
Eastern timber wolf
The eastern timber wolf (Canis lupus lycaon),[3] a subspecies of the gray wolf, roamed throughout the state in pre-settlement days. Bounties were paid on their “scalps” in West Virginia through the late 1890s with the last recorded one being killed by Stofer Hamrick in Randolph County in January 1900.[4]
North American cougar
The last officially accepted wild cougar kills in both Virginia and West Virginia were in the 1880s and the animal — eastern cougar, or mountain lion, puma or panther (Puma concolor couguar) — was considered totally exterminated in West Virginia by 1900. In 1936, however, came a last officially confirmed record of cougar tracks in the state; by a Smithsonian worker, near Cranberry Glades in Pocahontas County.[5][6][7] Recently, the eastern cougar was federally listed as "endangered" in West Virginia and sporadic, unconfirmed accounts of its presence (tracks and sightings) continued to be reported. P. c. couguar was deemed to be extirpated by a U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service evaluation released in 2011.[8]
Elk
American Elk (c. 1845) by John James Audubon
Substantial eastern elk (Cervus canadensis canadiensis) populations did not long survive the advance of white settlement into western Virginia in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The last individual in the region around what became Doddridge County was killed by settler Winter Hutson (1814–1895) shortly after he arrived there in 1837.[9] Elk survived longest in the rugged Alleghenies to the east. In about 1843, three were killed in Canaan Valley, Virginia, by members of the Flanagan and Carr families, local settlers who habitually hunted there. These were long thought to be the last elk found wild in the region that later became West Virginia.[10] Sporadic elk sightings were again reported, however, near the headwaters of the Tygart and Greenbrier Rivers as late as 1875. If this is accurate, they were nonetheless certainly gone by 1880 when the subspecies as a whole is considered to have been completely exterminated.
The neighboring state of Kentucky actively reintroduced elk (various subspecies from Canada, Arizona, Kansas, North Dakota, New Mexico, Oregon, and Utah[11]) to their eastern woodlands in 1997, and by 2009 the population had increased to over 10,000 animals. This expanding population began to enter western Virginia and the southwestern counties of West Virginia. In 2011, the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR) drafted an Elk Management Plan to encourage the passive reintroduction of elk to the state.[12]
Bison
The American buffalo, or bison (Bison bison), was once common in West Virginia, roaming in large herds over the entire state. (The local subspecies has been called the eastern wood bison [Bison bison pennsylvanicus] by some experts.) Numerous place names in Pennsylvania and West Virginia attest to how frequently these animals were encountered here. In the late 18th century, white hunters and explorers in the trans-Allegheny region of the state reported seeing sizable populations especially along the Ohio and Kanawha Rivers. These herds had beaten down numerous traces or paths between salt licks. (Present day Putnam County [formed in 1848], in particular, had been cut by bison trails as the animals moved to and from the Ohio River. The county's oldest town, Buffalo, is named for them.)
Buffalo Bull Grazing (1845) by George Catlin
Many of these paths became the Indian “roads” later used by the pioneering white settlers. Many decades later, the same bison paths would become the routes followed by early turnpikes and government road systems. Dr. Thomas Walker recorded that 13 bison were killed during his 1743 expedition of the area west of the Alleghenies. Although valued as a source of food by white settlers, many of them engaged in the wanton killing of bison as a sport. Walker noted that, "game in these parts and would have been of much greater advantage to the inhabitants than it has been if the hunters had not killed the Buffaloes for diversion."
Bison in the east were rarely seen by 1800, one was killed near Charleston in 1815, but no more were reported until 1825 when one was killed at Valley Head, the source of the Tygart River in Randolph County. It had been chased from Webster County by dogs.[10] If the "eastern wood bison" is a legitimate subspecies (it is disputed), this individual may have been the last one in existence.
Virginia (southern) white-tail deer
This subspecies (Odocoileus virginianus virginianus) of white-tail deer originally ranged over all of West Virginia, but was nearly exterminated within the state due to over-hunting. By 1890, the white-tail deer population of West Virginia was officially reported as “near zero”.[13] As hunting regulations were enacted, law enforcement personnel hired, game refuges established and restocking started, the deer population gradually was reestablished. In January 1930, eight deer procured from Michigan were released in the Monongahela National Forest near Parsons. Between 1937 and 1939, a total of 17 more deer were released in the Flatrock-Roaring Plains area of Tucker County (DeGarmo 1949). These 25 deer are the only recorded deer releases in Tucker County.[14] Today, this animal is prolific throughout the state.
Beaver
North American beaver (Castor canadensis) were almost completely exterminated from the area now known as West Virginia by 1825 due to trapping by early settlers (Swank 1948). The gradual comeback of beaver started in 1933 when 6 beaver were released on Beaver Dam Refuge in Randolph County. In 1935, 40 animals were released with ten placed in Tucker County.[15][16]
Fisher
There were reports of the fisher (Martes pennanti) — also known as Pennant’s marten — being trapped in West Virginia and pelts being sold in the 1870s. They were rare in West Virginia by around 1900, with the last reports coming from the high elevation red spruce forests. By 1912, however, the animals were believed to be rare or completely extirpated. They were reintroduced to the state in the winter of 1969, when twenty-three fishers were translocated from New Hampshire to two sites within the boundaries of the Monongahela National Forest at Canaan Mountain in Tucker County and Cranberry Glades in Pocahontas County.
River otter
The North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) is a native species in West Virginia but its population declined due to loss of habitat and excessive trapping. The last otter was reported to have been trapped in Tucker County in 1954; then a few were seen on the Greenbrier River in Pocahantas County and elsewhere in the early 1960s.[17] In a restoration effort, a total of 245 river otters were released by the WVDNR into 14 major river systems in West Virginia between 1984 and early 1997[18] Based on otter sightings, sign and trap mortalities, the river otter is known to be successfully reestablished in the state.
Ice Age (Pleistocene) mammals of West Virginia[19][edit]
Fossil site(s) indicated in parentheses.
Megafauna:
Megalonyx jeffersonii, or Jefferson's ground sloth (first found in 1796 in Haynes Cave, Monroe County)
Mammuthus spp, mammoths, including the wooly mammoth (M. primigenius); 12 specimens known in state
Mammut americanum, American mastodon
Bootherium bombifrons, Harlan's (or woodland) muskox (Brooke County)
Rangifer tarandus, caribou
Platygonus vetus, peccary
Smilodon spp, saber-toothed cat (Greenbrier and Pendleton Counties)
Miracinonyx inexpectatus, a cheetah
Panthera onca augusta, Pleistocene North American jaguar (Pendleton County)
Canis dirus, dire wolf
Arctodus pristinus, a giant bear
A Pleistocene tapir
Small mammals:
Dasypus bellus, a Pleistocene armadillo (first found in the state in Organ Cave, Greenbrier County; now also known from Berkeley County (1995))
Reconstructions of dire wolves (Canis dirus); extinct since about 10,000 years BP
Desmodus spp, a vampire bat
Sorex arcticus, Arctic shrew
Synaptomys borealis, northern bog lemming
Atopomys salvelinus, Trout Cave vole (Trout Cave, Pendleton County, etc.)
Plesiothomomys spp, Cumberland Cave pocket gopher (first found in Cumberland Bone Cave)
Pitymys cumberlandensis, Cumberland Cave vole
Peromyscus cumberlandensis, Cumberland Cave mouse
See also[edit]
Lists of mammals by region
West Virginia State Wildlife Center, a small zoo featuring native West Virginia animals
Fauna of West Virginia
List of West Virginia wildlife management areas
References[edit]
Citations[edit]
Jump up ^ "State Symbols". West Virginia Legislature. Retrieved 2011-09-02. . Selected as West Virginia's official State Animal by a poll of students, teachers and sportsmen conducted by the WV Division of Natural Resources in 1954-1955. It was officially adopted by the State Legislature during the 1973 Regular Session with the approval of House Concurrent Resolution 6.
Jump up ^ "Big Game Bulletin - 2010" (PDF). West Virginia Department of Natural Resources. p. 21. Retrieved 2011-08-01.
Jump up ^ “Efforts to restore wolves to the northeastern United States have been confounded by a new taxonomic proposal: that the wolf historically inhabiting this region was not, as previously thought, a subspecies of gray wolf commonly called the eastern timber wolf (Canis lupus lycaon), but rather a separate species closely related to the red wolf (Canis rufus) of the southeast United States. This hypothesis raises numerous biological, legal, policy, and management questions about potential wolf restoration.” From: Fascione Nina, Lisa G.L. Osborn, Stephen R. Kendrot, and Paul C. Paquet (July/August 2001), “Canis soupus: eastern wolf genetics and its implications for wolf recovery in the Northeast United States” on BNET.
Jump up ^ Brooks, Fred E. (1911), "The Mammals of West Virginia", W. Va. State Bd. of Agr. Quarterly Report; 20; 9-30.
Jump up ^ Deurbrouck, Jo (2007), Stalked by a Mountain Lion: Fear, Fact, and the Uncertain Future of Cougars in America, Globe Pequot, pg 93.
Jump up ^ Kellog, Remington (1937), ‘’Annotated list of West Virginia Mammals’’, Proc. U.S. Nat. Museum, 84:443-479.
Jump up ^ This does not include an incident in the 1960s or ‘70s in Pocahontas County: According to WVDNR District Biologist Ray Knotts, two mountain lions were sighted. One was killed and one was captured. It was determined that the two large cats were “quite friendly” and had been raised in captivity.
Jump up ^ USF&WS (March 2, 2011), “U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Concludes Eastern Cougar Extinct” [Press release].
Jump up ^ Compton, Mildreth Hutson, "Trails of Our Hutson Heritage", In: Hutson, Rex (1996), John Hutson and Some Descendants, Delaware, Ohio: Mid-Ohio Printing, pg 22.
^ Jump up to: a b Maxwell, Hu (1898). The History of Randolph County, West Virginia, From its Earliest Settlement to the Present, The Acme Publishing Company, Morgantown, W.Va. (Reprinted, McClain Printing Company, Parsons, W.Va., 1961). p. 300.
Jump up ^ "Elk Restoration and Management Options for Southwest Virginia" (PDF). Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries. 2010. p. 45. Retrieved 2011-08-01.
Jump up ^ "Draft: West Virginia Elk Management Plan, 2011-2015" (PDF). West Virginia Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved 2011-07-31.
Jump up ^ Trefethen, James B., “The Return of the White-tailed Deer”; American Heritage, February 1970; Volume 21, Issue 2.
Jump up ^ Lesser, Walter A. and Jack I. Cromer, Unpublished MS: Historical Review of Wildlife Management in Canaan Valley and Surrounding Area Archived 11 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine., West Virginia Division of Natural Resources.
Jump up ^ Lesser and Cromer, Op. cit.
Jump up ^ Swank, W. A. 1948. Beaver Ecology and Management in West Virginia. Final Report P-R Project W-16-R. Conservation Commission of West Virginia, Charleston, West Virginia. 70 pp.
Jump up ^ Clarkson, Roy B. (1964), Tumult on the Mountains: Lumbering in West Virginia 1770-1920; Line drawings by William A. Lunk; Parsons, West Virginia; McClain Printing Company, pg 12.
Jump up ^ Allen, T. J. 1997. River Otter Translocation and Status. Final Report, P-R Project W-48-R-13. West Virginia Division of Natural Resources. Charleston, West Virginia. 10pp.
Jump up ^ Garton, E. Ray (2012), “Fauna of the Ice Age”, Wonderful West Virginia, pp 11-13 (January issue).
Other sources[edit]
Mammals of West Virginia: A Field Checklist (2001); West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Section; Accessed 18 September 2010.
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A Nightingale Sang in Berkeley Square
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the film, see A Nightingale Sang in Berkeley Square (film).
"A Nightingale Sang in Berkeley Square" is a romantic British popular song written in 1939 with lyrics by Eric Maschwitz and music by Manning Sherwin.
Contents
[hide]
1 Setting
2 Composition
3 Recordings and performances
4 References
5 External links
Setting[edit]
Berkeley Square (pronounced 'Bar-klee') is a large leafy square in Mayfair, an expensive part of London. The Ritz Hotel referred to is also in Mayfair.[1]
The nightingale, a rare native songbird, is celebrated in literature and music for the beauty of its song. It favours rural habitats, and is unlikely to be heard in Central London.[2]
Composition[edit]
The song was written in the then small French fishing village of Le Lavandou—now a favourite resort for British holidaymakers and second-home owners—shortly before the outbreak of the Second World War.[3] According to Maschwitz, the title was "stolen" from a story by Michael Arlen. The song had its first performance in the summer of 1939 in a local bar, where the melody was played on piano by Manning Sherwin with the help of the resident saxophonist. Maschwitz sang the words while holding a glass of wine, but nobody seemed impressed.[4] In the spring of 2002, an attempt was made to find the bar where this song was first performed: it was hoped that a blue plaque could be set up. With the help of the local tourist office, elderly residents were questioned, but it proved impossible to identify the venue.[3]
The verse and the additional lyrics to a second chorus were in the song as written, but are rarely sung in recordings (those of Bobby Darin, Mel Torme, Blossom Dearie, Twiggy, Vera Lynn and Rod Stewart being notable exceptions). Twiggy's version was featured in an episode ("Fran's Gotta Have It") of The Nanny.
The song was published in 1940 when it was first performed in the London revue New Faces by Judy Campbell (later the mother of Jane Birkin).[5] In the same year it was also performed by both Ray Noble and then by Vera Lynn. The tune is a recurring theme in the Fritz Lang film Man Hunt (1941).
Recordings and performances[edit]
Early charts hits of the song in the USA were by Glenn Miller, Ray Noble, Guy Lombardo and Sammy Kaye.[6] The Glenn Miller recording (Bluebird 10931) with a Ray Eberle vocal was made in New York City on 11 October 1940. The fluttering clarinet that opens the track and no doubt is meant to suggest the sound of the nightingale began, it seems, with the Miller recording. The opening, using either a clarinet or flute, has been picked up by others including, on this page, the Frank Sinatra recording. The record was first charted on 21 December, 1940 peaking at #2.
The song has since become a standard, being recorded by Bing Crosby (recorded December 20, 1940),[7] Frank Sinatra in London in June 1962,[8] Rod Stewart on the 2004 album Stardust: the Great American Songbook 3,.[9] Anita O'Day performed it on her 1956 album "Anita" (re-released in 1962 (V/V6-8483) as "This is Anita"); it became part of the jazz singer's repertoire. Nat King Cole on the 1961 album The Touch of Your Lips,[10] Carmen McRae,[11] Perry Como on his 1977 The Best of British album, Stephane Grappelli, Bobby Darin on the 1962 album Oh! Look at Me Now,[12] British comedian Richard Digance in 1979 on both single and LP, Harry Connick Jr. on the 1990 album We Are in Love, The Brian Setzer Orchestra on their eponymous 1994 album, and Sonny Rollins on the 2000 album This Is What I Do.[13] A famous version by The Manhattan Transfer won a Grammy in 1981 for its arranger, Gene Puerling. A version was featured in an early Tom Hanks movie titled Everytime We Say Goodbye released in 1986. The British group the New Vaudeville Band wrote a highly distinctive version in 1966. The veteran British musician Ian Hunter, former vocalist for Mott the Hoople, regularly performs it in his concerts; and it has appeared on two at least of his live recordings.[14] A performance of the song by British actor Robert Lindsay was used as the theme to the British situation comedy series Nightingales.[15] Faryl Smith released a cover of the song on her debut album Faryl in 2009.[16] The song was also sung in the episode "Captain Jack Harkness" on Torchwood. Lyrics from the song were also paraphrased in the novel Good Omens by Neil Gaiman and Terry Pratchett. The lyrics are spoken and sung by the actor John Le Mesurier on the album What is Going To Become of Us All?.[17]
On 10 July 2005 there was a national celebration of the 60th anniversary of the ending of World War II when the song was sung live to millions by Petula Clark in central London to an audience of veterans and politicians as part of the programme 'V45 Britain At War: A Nation Remembers'.[18]
On 9 May 2015 Katherine Jenkins sang the song at VE Day 70: A Party to Remember at Horse Guards Parade in London.[19]
In 2015, British Comedian Alexander Armstrong performed it on his first album A Year of Songs.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ That certain night, the night we met,
There was magic abroad in the air,
There were angels dining at the Ritz
And A Nightingale Sang In Berkeley Square.
Jump up ^ "When a nightingale sang just a few miles from Berkeley Square". Pharmaceutical Journal. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Le chant du Rossignol – ou l’étonnante histoire d’une très célèbre chanson anglaise écrite en 1939 au Lavandou", Figure Libre, Reseau Lalan, Le Lavandou (No 14), September 2002
Jump up ^ Maschwitz, Eric (1957). No Chip on my Shoulder. London: Herbert Jenkins Ltd. pp. 208, p.124.
Jump up ^ Daily Telegraph obituary
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (1986). Joel Whitburn's Pop Memories 1890-1954. Wisconsin, USA: Record Research Inc. p. 558. ISBN 0-89820-083-0.
Jump up ^ "A Bing Crosby Discography". BING magazine. International Club Crosby. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Clarke, Donald (1998). All or nothing at all. London: Pan. p. 323. ISBN 0-330-36772-2.
Jump up ^ allmusic ((( Stardust: The Great American Songbook, Vol. 3 > Review )))
Jump up ^ Nat King Cole Discography at Classic TV Info
Jump up ^ Carmen McRae FULL Discography[permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Bobby Darin Discography Archived 30 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Sonny Rollins - This Is What I Do Archived 16 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ The Official Ian Hunter Website - Album Discography
Jump up ^ "Nightingales" (1990) - Soundtracks at Internet Movie Database
Jump up ^ Faryl Smith's official website
Jump up ^ "Dad's Army Discography - LP Records - What Is To Become Of Us All by John Le Mesurier". Home.btconnect.com. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Petula Clark - A Nightingale Sang in Berkeley Square". 10 July 2005. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
Jump up ^ VE Day Concert Katherine Jenkins, Pixie Lott, Status Quo Lead Party at The Standard Retrieved 11 May 2015
External links[edit]
First UK publication of song in UNH archives
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A_Nightingale_Sang_in_Berkeley_Square&oldid=798863150"
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text:
Do You Remember the First Time? (The Vampire Diaries)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Do You Remember the First Time?"
The Vampire Diaries episode
Episode no.
Season 6
Episode 7
Directed by
Darren Genet
Written by
Rebecca Sonnenshine
Production code
2J7857
Original air date
November 13, 2014
Guest appearance(s)
Colin Ferguson (Tripp Fell)
Penelope Mitchell (Liv Parker)
Marguerite MacIntyre (Liz Forbes)
Chris Brochu (Luke Parker)
Jodi Lyn O'Keefe (Jo Laughlin-Parker)
Marco James (Liam Davis)
Chris Wood (Kai Parker)
Episode chronology
← Previous
"The More You Ignore Me, the Closer I Get" Next →
"Fade Into You"
The Vampire Diaries (season 6)
List of The Vampire Diaries episodes
"Do You Remember the First Time?" is the 7th episode of the sixth season of the American series The Vampire Diaries and the series' 118th episode overall. "Do You Remember the First Time?" was originally aired on November 13, 2014, on The CW. The episode was written by Rebecca Sonnenshine and directed by Darren Genet.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Feature music
3 Reception
3.1 Ratings
3.2 Reviews
4 References
5 External links
Plot[edit]
Damon (Ian Somerhalder) and Elena (Nina Dobrev) meet for the first time since he came back but Damon's hope that Elena will remember their love when she sees him gets lost when she says she does not remember or feel anything about him. Damon visits Alaric (Matt Davis) at the hospital trying to find a way to uncompel Elena but there is no way since Alaric is now a human. Jo (Jodi Lyn O'Keefe) joins them and invites Alaric as her date to the hospital fundraiser, where Elena will also be with Liam (Marco James).
Damon decides to go to the fundraiser so he can see Elena but he is surprise seeing her there with Liam. He introduces himself as Elena's ex and Liam is confused since Elena told him that Damon was dead. Damon compels Liam to leave them alone and Damon asks Elena to dance. While dancing, Damon tries to make Elena remember by telling her some of their moments together but it does not work. Elena admits that she wants to remember and asks Damon to keep telling her about their memories together.
Elena and Damon get at the borders, the last place where she and Damon were together. Damon tells her about the last day before he dies, when they blew up the Grill to save the town from the Travelers but Elena still cannot remember anything. Elena decides to cross the borders in order for the compulsion to wear off. Her memories start to come back but Damon runs and gets her before she dies. Later on, Liam visits Elena at her dorm to inform her about more mysterious things going on with the girl that should die at the corn maze and he tells her that if she will not tell him on her own her secrets he will find out on his own.
Matt (Zach Roerig) captures Tripp (Colin Ferguson) and brings him outside the borders of Mystic Falls. Along with Stefan (Paul Wesley) and Enzo (Michael Malarkey), they keep him tied and they try to get information from him about other vampire hunters. He tells them that they know about Caroline (Candice Accola) and Stefan goes to her dorm to warn her. While being there, Liz (Marguerite MacIntyre) calls her to tell her that Tripp's men got her and they are threatening to kill her if they will not get him back. They arrange to trade Tripp to Liz at the borders. The exchange happens but the moment Tripp crosses the borders dies, making everyone realize that Enzo had turned him into a vampire before the exchange.
Jo and Alaric return at her place and after telling him at the fundraiser about her dysfunctional family and that she had put her magic away for safety, she now tells him that her brother tried to kill her few years back and she lost her spleen because of that attack. Meanwhile, back at the hospital, Caroline and Stefan discuss about Caroline's feelings about him and Stefan apologizes to her about his behavior but Caroline seems to not want to do anything with him anymore.
In 1994, Kai (Chris Wood) tries to fix the ascendant so he and Bonnie (Kat Graham) be able to do the spell again and get back to present. Bonnie tells him that she will not help him get out, she hits him, takes all the pieces of the ascendant and runs away. She tries to put the pieces back together so she can leave on her own but she cannot find the last piece. Kai appears with the last piece and Bonnie tries to get away from him but he captures her and they both go back to where they can do the spell. Kai tells Bonnie that he regrets what he did to his family to convince her that he has changed. Bonnie agrees to do the spell but instead of the two of them go back home, Bonnie puts her magic in her teddy bear and sends it back leaving her and Kai trapped in 1994.
The episode ends with Damon finding Bonnie's teddy bear, making him realize that Bonnie is still alive.
Feature music[edit]
In the episode "Do You Remember the First Time?" we can hear the songs:[1]
"Another Love" by Tom Odell
"The Hardest Part" by Nina Nesbitt
"MSK" by Yellowcard
"Belong" by Cary Brothers
"Two Weeks" by Grizzly Bear
Reception[edit]
Ratings[edit]
In its original American broadcast, "Do You Remember the First Time?" was watched by 1.54 million; slightly down by 0.05 from the previous episode.[2]
Reviews[edit]
"Do You Remember the First Time?" received positive reviews.
Stephanie Flasher from TV After Dark gave a B+ rating to the episode saying that it was a nice one, especially for the fans of Damon and Elena. "Bittersweet trip down the couple's history and an epic rain kiss. Finally, Caroline and Stefan have the feelings conversation and Alaric gets his groove back now that he's a human again. And the music was good."[3]
Rebecca Jane Stokes of Den of Geek rated the episode with 4/5 saying that it was a sweet episode and that Stefan finally found out about Caroline's feelings. "The show did what it does best this week. It married romance and longing with the deliberate if piecemeal doling out of key plot points."[4]
Ashley Dominique from Geeked Out Nation rated the episode with 7.9/10 saying that the episode "forced Damon and Elena to explore the new status of their relationship in another slow drawn out episode. However, it was made interesting by not relying on flashbacks, but let them be in the moment."[5]
Sara Ditta of Next Projection rated the episode with 7.2/10 saying that the episode "satisfied because of its tempered tone. The drama wasn’t taken overboard, and viewers could relate to each of our main characters who tried to grasp on to friendships and relationships that had already fallen apart."[6]
Leigh Raines from TV Fanatic rated the episode with 3.5. "All in all, a decent episode, with minor developments but not enough."[7]
Caroline Preece of Den of Geek gave a good review to the episode saying that the show has improved greatly since it stopped paying attention only to Damon and Elena's relationship. "The Damon/Elena storyline is still a frustrating mess, but it’s also not the only thing on the show anymore – and that gives viewers no longer interested in Elena’s love life a reason to come back. Just that simple thing is what fans have been asking for and, now that we have it, it’s glorious."[8]
Lindsay Sperling from We Got This Covered gave a mixed review to the episode saying that this episode was the first filler one for season six. "This season of The Vampire Diaries is arguably already better than the last two combined, but there’s a limit to the amount of Elena and Damon drama that fans should have to endure. Either let them be together, or let them move on. [...] There were a few notable plot twists in [the episode] despite the overwhelming feeling that nothing really happened to move the story along."[9]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The Vampire Diaries Season 6 Episode 7: "Do You Remember the First Time?" Music". TV Fanatic. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (November 14, 2014). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'Bones' Adjusted Up; 'Mom', 'Two and a Half Men', 'The McCarthys' & 'Elementary' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ Flasher, Stephanie (November 14, 2014). "The Vampire Diaries 6×07 "Do You Remember the First Time?" REVIEW". TV After Dark. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ Stokes, Rebecca Jane (November 14, 2014). "The Vampire Diaries: Do You Remember The First Time? Review". Den of Geek. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ Dominique, Ashley (November 14, 2014). "The Vampire Diaries: "Do You Remember The First Time" Review". Geeked Out Nation. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ Ditta, Sara (November 14, 2014). "The Vampire Diaries, "Do You Remember The First Time?" (6.7) – TV Review". Next Projection. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ Raines, Leigh (November 13, 2014). "The Vampire Diaries Season 6 Episode 7 Review: Do You Remember the First Time?". TV Fanatic. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ Preece, Caroline (November 18, 2014). "The Vampire Diaries season 6 episode 7 review: Do You Remember The First Time?". Den of Geek. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ Sperling, Lindsay (November 13, 2014). "The Vampire Diaries Review: "Do You Remember The First Time?" (Season 6, Episode 7)". We Got This Covered. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
External links[edit]
List of The Vampire Diaries episodes on IMDb
Afterbuzz's discussion about "Do You Remember the First Time?" on YouTube
[hide]
v
t
e
The Vampire Diaries
Episodes
Season 1
"Pilot"
"The Night of the Comet"
"Friday Night Bites"
"Family Ties"
"You're Undead to Me"
"Lost Girls"
"Haunted"
"162 Candles"
"History Repeating"
"The Turning Point"
"Bloodlines"
"Unpleasantville"
"Children of the Damned"
"Fool Me Once"
"A Few Good Men"
"There Goes the Neighborhood"
"Let the Right One In"
"Under Control"
"Miss Mystic Falls"
"Blood Brothers"
"Isobel"
"Founder's Day"
Season 2
"The Return"
"Brave New World"
"Bad Moon Rising"
"Memory Lane"
"Kill or Be Killed"
"Plan B"
"Masquerade"
"Rose"
"Katerina"
"The Sacrifice"
"By the Light of the Moon"
"The Descent"
"Daddy Issues"
"Crying Wolf"
"The Dinner Party"
"The House Guest"
"Know Thy Enemy"
"The Last Dance"
"Klaus"
"The Last Day"
"The Sun Also Rises"
"As I Lay Dying"
Season 3
"The Birthday"
"The Hybrid"
"The End of the Affair"
"Disturbing Behavior"
"The Reckoning"
"Smells Like Teen Spirit"
"Ghost World"
"Ordinary People"
"Homecoming"
"The New Deal"
"Our Town"
"The Ties That Bind"
"Bringing Out the Dead"
"Dangerous Liaisons"
"All My Children"
"The Departed"
Season 4
"Growing Pains"
"Memorial"
"The Rager"
"The Five"
"The Killer"
"We All Go a Little Mad Sometimes"
"My Brother's Keeper"
"We'll Always Have Bourbon Street"
"O Come, All Ye Faithful"
"After School Special"
"Catch Me If You Can"
"A View to a Kill"
Season 5
"I Know What You Did Last Summer"
"True Lies"
"Original Sin"
"For Whom the Bell Tolls"
"Monster's Ball"
"Handle with Care"
"Death and the Maiden"
"Dead Man on Campus"
"The Cell"
"Fifty Shades of Grayson"
"500 Years of Solitude"
"The Devil Inside"
"Total Eclipse of the Heart"
"No Exit"
"Gone Girl"
"While You Were Sleeping"
"Rescue Me"
"Resident Evil"
"Man on Fire"
"What Lies Beneath"
"Promised Land"
"Home"
Season 6
"I'll Remember"
"Yellow Ledbetter"
"Welcome to Paradise"
"Black Hole Sun"
"The World Has Turned and Left Me Here"
"The More You Ignore Me, the Closer I Get"
"Do You Remember the First Time?"
"Fade Into You"
"I Alone"
Season 7
"Gods and Monsters"
Season 8
"I Was Feeling Epic"
Characters
Elena Gilbert
Katherine Pierce
Stefan Salvatore
Damon Salvatore
Related
Awards and nominations
Novel series
L. J. Smith
Original Vampires
The Originals
episodes
season 1
2
3
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Do_You_Remember_the_First_Time%3F_(The_Vampire_Diaries)&oldid=764951885"
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2014 American television episodes
The Vampire Diaries (season 6) episodes
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This page was last edited on 11 February 2017, at 21:18.
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