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New York City mayoral election, 2017
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New York City mayoral election, 2017
← 2013 November 7, 2017 2021 →
Nominee
Bill de Blasio Nicole Malliotakis Robbie Gosine
Party
Democratic Republican Independent
Alliance
Working Families Conservative (N.Y.) -
Nominee
Sal Albanese Bo Dietl
Party
Reform Independent
Alliance
- -
Incumbent Mayor
Bill de Blasio
Democratic

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v
t
e
An election for Mayor of New York City will be held on November 7, 2017. Bill de Blasio, the incumbent mayor, is running for a second term.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Democratic primary
2.1 Candidates
2.1.1 Nominated
2.1.2 Declared
2.1.3 Withdrew
2.1.4 Declined
2.2 Primary results
3 Republican primary
3.1 Candidates
3.1.1 Nominated
3.1.2 Withdrew
3.1.3 Declined
3.2 Endorsements
4 Major third parties
4.1 Conservative
4.1.1 Nominee
4.2 Green
4.2.1 Nominee
4.3 Reform
4.3.1 Nominee
4.4 Working Families
4.4.1 Nominee
5 Minor third party and independent candidates
5.1 Libertarian
5.1.1 Nominee
5.2 Independents
5.2.1 Candidates
5.2.2 Withdrew
6 General election
6.1 Endorsements
6.2 Polling
7 References
8 External links
Background[edit]
Bill de Blasio was elected Mayor of New York City in 2013, with his term beginning January 1, 2014. Mayor De Blasio is eligible for re-election and has declared his intent to seek the Democratic nomination again.[1]
As per Jerry Skurnik's[2] blog,[3]the following Democrats and Republicans have filed their petitions to have their names on the ballot during the primary elections. They are as follows: Democrats - Bill De Blasio, Sal Albanese, Robert Gangi, Richard Bashner and Michael Tolkin; Republicans - Nicole Malliotakis, Rocky De La Fuente and Walter Iwachiw.
On May 9, 2017, the Libertarian Party nominated Aaron Commey as its mayoral candidate.[4] This is Commey's first run for political office.[4]
On August 1, 2017, the City Board of Elections determined in a hearing that Rocky De La Fuente did not receive enough petition signatures to qualify for the primary Republican ballot in September.[5] With the disqualification of Rocky De La Fuente on the primary ballot and the remaining Republican candidate, Walter Iwachiw, not reporting any fundraising for this election,[6][7] Nicole Malliotakis is the remaining candidate that will secure the Republican nominee for NYC Mayor.
There were two Democratic primary debates to determine who would be the Democratic nominee for NYC Mayor. The candidates were incumbent Mayor, Bill De Blasio and former NYC Council Member, Sal Albanese. Both candidates had democratic primaries on August 23rd[8]and on September 6th[9]
The first general election debate was held on October 10th featuring Democratic nominee and incumbent NYC Mayor, Bill De Blasio, Republican challenger, Nicole Malliotakis, and Independent candidate, Bo Dietl.[10] Also scheduled will be the second general election debate on November 1st.[11]
Democratic primary[edit]
Candidates[edit]
Nominated[edit]
Bill de Blasio, incumbent mayor[12]
Declared[edit]
Sal Albanese, former City Councilman and candidate for mayor in 1997 and 2013[13]
Richard Bashner, real estate attorney[14]
Michael Tolkin, entrepreneur[15][16]
Withdrew[edit]
Tony Avella, State Senator, former city councilman and candidate for mayor in 2009[17][18]
Michael Basch, chief business officer of The Future Project[19][20]
Kevin P. Coenen, Jr., Firefighter (Ran in 2009 and 2013 nyc mayor elections as well)[21][22]
Bo Dietl, former Fox News contributor and former New York City Police Department detective (now running on Independent line)[23][24][25][26]
Robert Gangi, activist[27]
Scott Joyner, Community Advocate & Service Sector Worker (Did Not File for the Primary Ballot)[28][29][20][30]
Joel Roderiguez, Police Officer[28][31][22]
Eric Roman (Did not File for the Primary Ballot)[29][20][30]
Collin Slattery, entrepreneur (Did not File for the Primary Ballot)[32][30]
Josh Thompson, education activist (dropped out to join Republican Paul Massey's campaign)[33][34]
Declined[edit]
Preet Bharara, former United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York[35][36]
Hillary Clinton, former U.S. Secretary of State, former U.S. Senator, former First Lady and nominee for President in 2016[37][38]
Rubén Díaz, Jr., Bronx Borough President (running for re-election)[39][40]
Shaun Donovan, former Director of the Office of Management and Budget and former United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development[41][42]
Harold Ford, Jr., former U.S. Representative from Tennessee's 9th congressional district[43][44]
Letitia James, New York City Public Advocate (running for re-election)[39][40]
Hakeem Jeffries, U.S. Representative from New York's 8th congressional district[39][45][46]
Melissa Mark-Viverito, Speaker of the New York City Council[39][47]
Eva Moskowitz, founder and CEO of Success Academy Charter Schools[48]
Don Peebles, businessman[49] (did not file to be a candidate for Mayor by the July 1, 2017 deadline.)
Christine Quinn, former Speaker of the New York City Council and candidate for Mayor in 2013[50][51]
Scott Stringer, New York City Comptroller (running for re-election)[52]
Anthony Weiner, former U.S. Representative for New York's 9th congressional district and candidate for Mayor in 2013 and 2005[53]
Keith L. T. Wright, former State Assemblyman[54][55]
Primary results[edit]
Democratic primary results 99% IN[56][57]
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Democratic Bill de Blasio (Incumbent) 326,361 74.6%
Democratic Sal Albanese 66,636 15.2%
Democratic Michael Tolkin 20,445 4.7%
Democratic Robert Gangi 13,537 3.1%
Democratic Richard Bashner 10,538 2.4%
Total votes 437,517 100%
Republican primary[edit]
Candidates[edit]
Nominated[edit]
Nicole Malliotakis, State Assemblywoman[58][59]
Withdrew[edit]
Darren Dione Aquino, actor and disabled rights activist (Did not File for the Primary Ballot)[60]
Bo Dietl, former Fox News contributor and former New York City Police Department detective (now running on Independent line)[23][24][25][26][61][62]
Michel Faulkner, pastor and former New York Jets player (running for Comptroller)[63][64][65]
Rocky De La Fuente, businessman, Reform Party and American Delta Party nominee for President in 2016, Democratic candidate for President in 2016 and Democratic candidate for the U.S. Senate from Florida in 2016[66](Got disqualified from the Republican ballot by not having enough signatures)[5]
Anniello (Neil) V. Grimaldi, attorney (Did Not File for the Primary Ballot)[28][30]
Walter Iwachiw, Businessman[67]
Paul Massey, businessman[68]
Declined[edit]
John Catsimatidis, businessman and candidate for Mayor in 2013[69]
Raymond Kelly, former New York City Police Commissioner[70]
Donald Trump Jr., businessman and son of President of the United States Donald Trump[71][72]
Eric Ulrich, City Councilman (running for re-election)[73]
Endorsements[edit]
[show]Paul Massey (Withdrawn)
Individuals
Jeb Bush, 43rd Governor of Florida (1999-2007), 2016 presidential candidate[74]
Michel Faulkner, former New York Jets football player and pastor[75]
Organizations
Bronx Republican Party[76]
Independence Party of New York[77]
Queens Republican Party[78]
Major third parties[edit]
Besides the Democratic and Republican parties, the Conservative, Green, Working Families, Independence, Reform, and Women's Equality parties are qualified New York parties. These parties have automatic ballot access.
For this election, once Paul Massey dropped out of NYC Mayoral race,[79]the Independence Party failed to submit another entry for the election day ballot. [80] There will be no independence party line in this year's general election. Any candidate not among the eight qualified New York parties must petition their way onto the ballot; they do not face primary elections.
Albanese was nominated by the Reform Party Committee. On September 12, 2017, an Opportunity to Ballot was held to see if Albanese would retain the party's nomination. Bo Dietl, running as an independent, and Nicole Malliotakis, the Republican nominee, each attempted to the secure the party line. Albanese won the race by receiving approximately 57 percent of the vote, defeating the write in campaigns.[81]
Conservative[edit]
Nominee[edit]
Nicole Malliotakis, State Assemblywoman[82]
Green[edit]
Nominee[edit]
Akeem Browder, Activist[83]
Reform[edit]
Nominee[edit]
Sal Albanese, former City Councilman and candidate for Mayor in 1997 and 2013[84]
Working Families[edit]
Nominee[edit]
Bill de Blasio, incumbent Mayor of New York City[85]
Minor third party and independent candidates[edit]
Libertarian[edit]
Nominee[edit]
Aaron Commey, Director of Events at Manhattan Libertarian Party[31][20]
Independents[edit]
Candidates[edit]
Bo Dietl, former Fox News contributor and former New York City Police Department detective (Running on the "Dump the Mayor" Mayoral line) [86][87]
Dr. Robbie Gosine, Engineer, Naval Officer, Research Scientist, Educator (Registered with IRS 501c3. NYS BOE & NYC BOE as a Mayoral Candidate. Valid Write in Candidate Registered with NYCCFB)[88][89][90][91]
Mike Tolkin, entrepreneur (Running on the "Smart Cities" Mayoral Line)[92]
Withdrew[edit]
Eric Armstead, Security Manager[93][28][94]
Scott Berry, Musician, Author (Did not qualify for mayoral ballot)[95][20][94][87]
Garrett M. Bowser, Self Employed (Did not qualify for Mayoral ballot)[96][28][87]
Abbey Laurel-Smith, Founder of The Pilgrims Alliance Party of America (Did not qualify for Mayoral ballot)[28][87]
Ese O'Diah, CEO of Liquorbox[97][28][98]
Karmen M. Smith, Volunteer Team Leader with New York Cares(Did not qualify for the Mayoral ballot)[87][14]
Ahsan A. Syed, (Running as an Independent on the Theocratic Party)[99][28][20]
General election[edit]
Endorsements[edit]
[show]Bill De Blasio
Politicians
Carl Heastie, Speaker of the New York State Assembly[100]
Tish James, New York City Public Advocate [101]
Eric Adams, Borough President of Brooklyn[102]
Rubén Díaz Jr., Borough President of the Bronx [103]
Scott Stringer, New York City Comptroller (Running for Re-Election)[104]
Gregory Meeks, Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 5th District[105]
Nydia Velázquez, Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 7th District[106]
Yvette Clarke, Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 9th District[106]
Carolyn Maloney, Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 12th District[107]
Bernie Sanders, U.S. Senator from Vermont and 2016 presidential candidate[108]
Individuals
David Dinkins, Former Mayor of New York City (1990-1993)[109]
Christine Quinn, Former Speaker of the New York City Council (2006-2013)[110]
Organizations
The New York Times[111]
The Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Union[112]
The Uniformed Sanitationmen's Association[112]
SEIU 32BJ[113]
New York League of Conservation Voters[114]
[show]Nicole Malliotakis
Politicians
Ronald Castorina, New York State Assemblyman (initially endorsed Massey, in February 2017; in May 2017 rescinded endorsement and endorsed Malliotakis)[115]
Dan Donovan, U.S. Congressman from New York's 11th district[116]
Steven Matteo, Minority Leader of the New York City Council[117]
James Oddo, Borough President of Staten Island[118]
George Pataki, former Governor of New York[119]
Bob Turner, former U.S. Congressman from New York's 9th district[120]
Individuals
John Catsimatidis, businessman and candidate for mayor in 2013[121]
Ray Denaro, Republican Candidate for NYC Council (District 47)[122]
Joe Lhota, Metropolitan Transportation Authority Chairperson and nominee for mayor in 2013[123][124]
Serphin R. Maltese, former New York State Senator from the 15th district[125]
Frank Padavan, former New York State Senator from the 11th district[126]
Avery Pereira, Entrepreneur[127]
Organizations
Brooklyn Republican Party[128]
Conservative Party of New York State, statewide political party[82]
Manhattan Republican Party[129]
New York State Troopers PBA[130]
NYPD Sergeants Benevolent Association[131]
Staten Island Republican Party[132]
Newspapers
New York Post[133]
Jewish Voice[134]
The Jewish Press[135]
Staten Island Advance[136]
The National Herald[137]
[show]Sal Albanese
Newspapers
The Villager[138]
Individuals
Curtis Sliwa, Founder of the Guardian Angels Vigilante Group[139]
Neglah Sharma, Crime reporter and animal rights activist[140]
Organizations
318 Restaurant Workers Union[141]
[show]Bo Dietl
Politicians
Eric Ulrich, New York City Councilman[142]
Individuals
Tom Maoli, entrepreneur[143]
[show]Not endorsing
Newspapers
New York Daily News[144]
Polling[edit]
Poll source
Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin of
error
Bill
de Blasio (D)
Nicole
Malliotakis (R)
Sal
Albanese (RF)
Bo
Dietl (I)
Other
Undecided
NY1/Baruch College October 20–27, 2017 800 LV ± 4.5% 49% 16% 2% 3% — 20%
WNBC/Marist October 3–4, 2017 428 LV ± 4.7% 58% 16% 5% 5% 2% 15%
857 RV ± 3.3% 55% 15% 5% 5% 3% 17%
Quinnipiac University September 27 – October 4, 2017 731 LV ± 4.7% 61% 17% 8% 6% 1% 8%
WNBC/Marist September 13–17, 2017 451 LV ± 4.6% 65% 18% — 8% 2% 7%
898 RV ± 3.3% 62% 18% — 9% 2% 9%
Quinnipiac University July 20–26, 2017 877 ± 4.1% 52% 15% — 11% 2% 16%
57% 22% — — 4% 13%
Quinnipiac University May 10–16, 2017 1,019 ± 3.1% 64% 21% — — 1% 10%
[show]
Hypothetical polling
Poll source
Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin of
error
Bill
de Blasio (D)
Paul
Massey (R)
Other
Undecided
Quinnipiac University May 10–16, 2017 1,019 ± 3.1% 63% 21% 1% 12%
Quinnipiac University February 23–27, 2017 1,001 ± 3.1% 59% 25% 2% 12%
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Jump up ^ Jorgensen, Jillian (April 25, 2017). "Staten Island pol Nicole Malliotakis files candidacy for mayor". NY Daily News. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Gartland, Michael (September 6, 2016). "'Law and Order' actor will run for NYC mayor in 2017". New York Post. Retrieved September 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ Goodman, David (April 25, 2017). "Republican Field for New York Mayor Race Grows, Just Before Winnowing Begins". The New York Times. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Goodman, J. David; Neuman, William. "Bo Dietl Won't Be Running as a Republican on Mayoral Ballot". Nytimes.com. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Republicans Search for Candidate to Challenge de Blasio in 2017 Race for New York City Mayor - WSJ". wsj.com. March 12, 2015. Retrieved August 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ Jennifer Fermino (September 5, 2015). "Former New York Jet Michel Faulkner to run for mayor". NY Daily News. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ Durkin, Erin (May 7, 2017). "Ex-Jet Republican Michel Faulkner drops out of NYC mayor race to challenge Controller Scott Stringer". New York Daily News. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ Campanile, Carl (March 22, 2017). "Millionaire from California throwing hat into NYC mayoral race". Nypost.com. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Walter Iwachiw - Ballotpedia". Ballotpedia.org. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Republican mayoral contender quits race, citing money concerns". Crain's New York Business. June 28, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ Durkin, Erin (May 2, 2017). "John Catsimatidis won't run for mayor, says de Blasio will be tough to beat". Daily News. Retrieved May 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Grove, Lloyd (January 30, 2017). "Ex-NYC Top Cop Ray Kelly: Mayor Bill de Blasio Is Too PC on Terrorism". The Daily Beast.
Jump up ^ Glenza, Jessica (July 24, 2016). "Donald Trump Jr: I'd 'love' to run for New York mayor against De Blasio". The Guardian.
Jump up ^ "Donald Trump Jr. Has No Plans To Run For Office...For Now.." Conservativenews.com. April 13, 2017. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Durkin, Erin (March 20, 2017). "Queens Councilman Eric Ulrich won't run for mayor". New York Daily News. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Jeb Bush endorses NYC Republican mayoral candidate Paul Massey". Nydailynews.com. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Massey, Faulkner trade endorsements for city mayor, controller". Nydailynews.com. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Bronx chairman decided to back Massey after terror attack in England". May 24, 2017. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Republican mayoral candidate Paul Massey lands endorsement from New York's Independence Party". January 5, 2017. Retrieved January 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Queens GOP backs Massey for mayor". May 4, 2017. Retrieved May 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ Goodman, J. David (June 28, 2017). "Paul Massey Unexpectedly Drops Out of New York City Mayor's Race". The New York Times. Retrieved June 28, 2017. Mr. Massey’s decision to drop out also opened up the ballot line for the Independence Party, which had endorsed Mr. Massey.
Jump up ^ "Independence Party fails to submit candidate for NYC mayoral ballot". Nypost.com. July 14, 2017. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on September 16, 2017. Retrieved September 16, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Campanile, Carl (May 17, 2017). "Conservative Party endorses Nicole Malliotakis for mayor". The New York Post. Retrieved May 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Calder, Rich (June 16, 2017). "Brother of innocent Rikers inmate who killed himself is running for mayor". Nypost.com. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Shapiro, Rachel (June 9, 2017). "Will support of GOP leaders affect mayoral primary?". Staten Island Advance. Retrieved June 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "De Blasio Gets WFP Nod". Nystateofpolitics.com. February 17, 2017. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Bo Dietl Vows To Run As Independent After City Republicans Deny His Bid For Mayor". CBS New York. May 4, 2017. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Max, Ben. "Candidates for 2017 City Elections". Gothamgazette.com. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "gosine110". gosine110.
Jump up ^ "Candidate List 2017 Citywide Elections".
Jump up ^ "Gosine110". Facebook.com.
Jump up ^ Max, Ben. "Candidates for 2017 City Elections".
Jump up ^ tolkinformayor.com. Tolkinformayor.com. October 19, 2017 https://www.tolkinformayor.com. Retrieved October 19, 2017. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ Trangle, Sarina. "De Blasio's rivals: The second tier weighs in on the mayor". cityandstateny.com.
^ Jump up to: a b "Candidates List - New York City Campaign Finance Board". Nyccfb.info. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
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Jump up ^ "Security Check Required". Facebook.com.
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Jump up ^ James, Letitia. "Why I'm supporting Bill de Blasio for re-election". cityandstateny.com. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Mayor de Blasio Picks Up Reelection Endorsements from Former Mayor Dinkins, Eric Adams". Ny1.com. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Once-floated de Blasio challenger gives mayor his endorsement". Amny.com. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "De Blasio, Stringer endorse each other for their re-election bids". Ny1.com. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "EXCLUSIVE: Meeks Endorses De Blasio - Queens Press". Queenspress.com. June 23, 2017. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "De Blasio Endorsements Roll, Malliotakis Questions Patronage". Kingscountypolitics.com. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "De Blasio racks up Manhattan pols' support for re-election - The Villager Newspaper". thevillager.com. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ Gartland October 30, 2017, Michael (October 30, 2017). "Bernie Sanders endorses de Blasio's re-election bid". New York Post. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Mayor de Blasio Picks Up Reelection Endorsements from Former Mayor Dinkins, Eric Adams". Ny1.com. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Christine Quinn, de Blasio's 2013 Opponent, Endorses His Re-election". Observer.com. August 24, 2017. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ Board, The Editorial (September 5, 2017). "Bill de Blasio, the Best Democratic Choice for Mayor". Nytimes.com. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Goodman, J. David. "Mayor de Blasio, Seeking Re-election, Secures Backing of 2 Unions". Nytimes.com. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "32BJ Members Endorse Mayor Bill de Blasio for Re-election - 32BJ SEIU". Seiu32bj.com. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "New York League of Conservation Voters endorses de Blasio's re-election bid". Politico.com. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Castorina rescinds Massey endorsement, backs Malliotakis for mayor". May 12, 2017. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Donovan endorses Malliotakis for mayor - Brooklyn Daily Eagle". Brooklyneagle.com.
Jump up ^ "Matteo endorses Malliotakis for NYC mayor". May 26, 2017. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Malliotakis gets Staten Island GOP backing in mayor's race". May 25, 2017. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ Calder, Rich. "Ex-Gov. Pataki endorses @NMalliotakis for mayor and Robert Holden for City Council in Middle Village". Twitter.
Jump up ^ "I am proud to say that I am endorsing Nicole Malliotakis for Mayor of New York City. #Nicole4Mayor #Queens #NYC #DumpdeBlasio #Election2017". Twitter. August 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ "John Catsimatidis Endorses Nicole Malliotakis for NYC Mayor - The National Herald". Thenationalherald.com.
Jump up ^ "Nicole Malliotakis and Ray Denaro announce cross endorsement - Brooklyn Daily Eagle". Brooklyneagle.com. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "De Blasio foe Joe Lhota backs Nicole Malliotakis in mayoral race". New York Daily News.
Jump up ^ Rachel Shapiro, Joe Lhota endorses Nicole Malliotakis for mayor, Staten Island Advance (May 31, 2017).
Jump up ^ Kenny, John. "Fmr NYS Sen. @SerphinMaltese as he, along w/ some Italian-American civic leaders, endorsed @NMalliotakis today". Twitter.
Jump up ^ "Malliotakis Endorsed by Senator Frank Padavan". Newgreektv.com. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
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Jump up ^ "Big Wins for Nicole Malliotakis in GOP Committee Votes - The National Herald". Thenationalherald.com.
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Jump up ^ "NEW YORK STATE TROOPERS PBA ENDORSES MALLIOTAKIS FOR MAYOR". Nicole Malliotakis for Mayor. October 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Nicole Malliotakis wins sergeants union's endorsement - NY Daily News". Nydailynews.com. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Staten Island GOP Backs Nicole Malliotakis - The National Herald". Thenationalherald.com.
Jump up ^ "The Post endorses Nicole Malliotakis for mayor". New York Post. October 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Jewish Voice Endorsements of Candidates in the Upcoming NYC Elections on November 7th". Jewish Voice. October 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Jewish Press Endorsements For The Nov. 7 General Elections". The Jewish Press. October 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Our choice for mayor: Nicole Malliotakis (editorial)". Staten Island Advance. October 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Malliotakis for Mayor". The National Herald. November 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sal Albanese for mayor on Sept. 12". The Villager. September 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sal Endorsed by NY Reform Party! | Sal 2017". Sal 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Malliotakis, Albanese talk animal policy | Queens Chronicle". Queens Chronicle. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
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Jump up ^ Durkin, Erin. "Bo Dietl gets endorsement from GOP Councilman Eric Ulrich". NY Daily News.
Jump up ^ "New Jersey Entrepreneur Tom Maoli Announces Support For Bo Dietl Run For New York Mayor". prnewswire.com. January 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Our verdict on Bill de Blasio: Why the News withholds its NYC mayoral endorsement". New York Daily News. November 5, 2017.
External links[edit]
Dr. Robbie Gosine (I) for Mayor
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Bill de Blasio (D) for Mayor
Nicole Malliotakis (R) for Mayor
Akeem Browder (G) for Mayor
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Aaron Commey (L) for Mayor
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Bee (mythology)
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This article's lead section may not adequately summarize key points of its contents. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. Please discuss this issue on the article's talk page. (February 2017)
Gold plaques embossed with winged bee goddesses, perhaps the Thriai, found at Camiros Rhodes, dated to 7th century BCE (British Museum)
In mythology, the bee, found in Ancient Near East and Aegean cultures, was believed to be the sacred insect that bridged the natural world to the underworld.
Contents
[hide]
1 Worship
2 Myth
3 Bee deities
4 Notes
5 References
Worship[edit]
The bee was an emblem of Potnia, the Minoan-Mycenaean "Mistress", also referred to as "The Pure Mother Bee".[1] Her priestesses received the name of "Melissa" ("bee").[2] In addition, priestesses worshipping Artemis and Demeter were called "Bees".[3] Appearing in tomb decorations, Mycenaean tholos tombs were shaped as beehives. The Delphic priestess is often referred to as a bee, and Pindar notes that she remained "the Delphic bee" long after Apollo had usurped the ancient oracle and shrine. "The Delphic priestess in historical times chewed a laurel leaf," Harrison noted, "but when she was a Bee surely she must have sought her inspiration in the honeycomb."[3][4][5]
Myth[edit]
The Homeric Hymn to Apollo acknowledges that Apollo's gift of prophecy first came to him from three bee maidens, usually but doubtfully identified with the Thriae, a trinity of pre-Hellenic Aegean bee goddesses.[6] A series of identical embossed gold plaques were recovered at Camiros in Rhodes;[7] they date from the archaic period of Greek art in the seventh century, but the winged bee goddesses they depict must be far older.[4]
The Kalahari Desert's San people tell of a bee that carried a mantis across a river. The exhausted bee left the mantis on a floating flower but planted a seed in the mantis's body before it died. The seed grew to become the first human.[8]
In Egyptian mythology, bees grew from the tears of the sun god Ra when they landed on the desert sand.
Mok Chi', patron deity of beekeepers, on a codex-style Maya vessel.
The Baganda people of Uganda hold the legend of Kintu, the first man on earth. Save for his cow, Kintu lived alone. One day he asked permission from Ggulu, who lived in heaven, to marry his daughter Nambi. Ggulu set Kintu on a trial of five tests to pass before he would agree. For his final test Kintu was told to pick Ggulu's own cow from a stretch of cattle. Nambi aided Kintu in the final test by transforming herself into a bee, whispering into his ear to choose the one whose horn she landed upon.[9][10][11]
In Greek Mythology, Aristaeus was the god of bee-keeping. After inevitably causing the death of Eurydice, who stepped upon a snake while fleeing him, her nymph sisters punished him by killing every one of his bees. Witnessing the empty hives where his bees had dwelt, Aristaeus wept and consulted Proteus who then proceeded to advise Aristaeus to give honor in memory of Eurydice by sacrificing four bulls and four cows. Upon doing so, he let them rot and from their corpses rose bees to fill his empty hives.[12][13]
According to Hittite mythology, the god of agriculture, Telipinu, went on a rampage and refused to allow anything to grow and animals would not produce offspring. The gods went in search of Telipinu only to fail. Then the goddess Hannahannah sent forth a bee to bring him back. The bee finds Telipinu, stings him and smears wax upon him. The god grew even angrier and it wasn't until the goddess Kamrusepa (or a mortal priest according to some references) uses a ritual to send his anger to the Underworld.
As per Hindu mythology, Parvati was summoned by the Gods to kill the demon Arunasura, who took over the heavens and the three worlds, in the form of Bhramari Devi. To kill Arunasura, she stings him numerous times with the help of innumerable black bees emerging from her body. The Gods were finally able to take control of the heavens and the celestial worlds again. Also, the bowstring on Hindu love god Kamadeva's bow is made of honeybees.
Bee deities[edit]
Ah-Muzen-Cab - Mayan god of bees.
Aristaeus and the bees, and their rebirth from an ox hide bougonia
Austėja – Lithuanian – goddess of bees
Bhramari – Hindu goddess of bees
Bubilas – Lithuanian – god of bees
Colel Cab – Mayan goddess of bees
Melissa - Ancient Greek/Minoan — goddess of bees.
Melissus of Crete
Mellona – Roman goddess of bees
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ G.W. Elderkin (1939) "The Bee of Artemis"The American Journal of Philology 60 pp. 203-213
Jump up ^ Neustadt, Ernst 1906. De Jove cretico, (dissertation, Berlin). Chapter III "de Melissa dea" discusses bee-goddesses and bee-priestesses in Crete.
^ Jump up to: a b Harrison 1922:442.
^ Jump up to: a b Cook, Arthur Bernard. "The bee in Greek mythology" 1895 Journal of the Hellenic Society 15 pages 1-24
Jump up ^ Melissa Delphis, according to Pindar's Fourth Pythian Ode, 60.
Jump up ^ Scheinberg, Susan 1979. "The Bee Maidens of the Homeric Hymn to Hermes". Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 83(1979), pp. 1–28.
Jump up ^ One was illustrated in a line drawing in Harrison 1922:443, fig 135
Jump up ^ Chrigi-in-Africa. "The First Bushman / San". Gateway Africa. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
Jump up ^ McLeish, Kenneth (1996). Bloomsbury Dictionary of Myth. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-0-7475-2502-8.
Jump up ^ "Kintu the Person vs Kintu the Legend". Retrieved 19 April 2014.
Jump up ^ "Kintu - The First Human in Buganda". Retrieved 19 April 2014.
Jump up ^ McLeish, Kenneth (1996). Bloomsbury Dictionary of Myth. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-0-7475-2502-8.
Jump up ^ "Aristaeus". Retrieved 20 April 2014.
References[edit]
Harrison, Jane Ellen, (1903) 1922. Prolegomena to the Study of Greek religion, third edition, pp 91 and 442f.
Engels, David/Nicolaye, Carla (eds.), 2008, "Ille operum custos. Kulturgeschichtliche Beiträge zur antiken Bienensymbolik und ihrer Rezeption", Hildesheim (Georg Olms-press, series Spudasmata 118).
James W. Johnson, "That Neo-Classical Bee" Journal of the History of Ideas 22.2 (April 1961), pp. 262–266.
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Group Areas Act
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Group Areas Act, 1950
Act to provide for the establishment of group areas, for the control of the acquisition of immovable property and the occupation of land and premises, and for matters incidental thereto.
Citation
Act No. 41 of 1950
Enacted by
Parliament of South Africa
Date passed
7 July 1950
Date of Royal Assent
24 June 1950
Date commenced
30 March 1951 (Cape, Transvaal, Natal)
31 October 1952 (O.F.S.)
Date repealed
1 November 1957
Administered by
Minister of the Interior
Repealing legislation
Group Areas Act, 1957
Status: Repealed
Group Areas Act, 1957
Act to consolidate the law relating to the establishment of group areas, the control of the acquisition of immovable property and the occupation of land and premises and matters incidental thereto.
Citation
Act No. 77 of 1957
Enacted by
Parliament of South Africa
Date of Royal Assent
24 June 1957
Date commenced
1 November 1957
Date repealed
26 October 1966
Administered by
Minister of the Interior
Repealing legislation
Group Areas Act, 1966
Status: Repealed
Group Areas Act, 1966
Act to consolidate the law relating to the establishment of group areas, the control of the acquisition of immovable property and the occupation of land and premises, and matters incidental thereto.
Citation
Act No. 36 of 1966
Enacted by
Parliament of South Africa
Date assented to
5 October 1966
Date commenced
26 October 1966
Date repealed
30 June 1991
Administered by
Minister of Planning
Repealing legislation
Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures Act, 1991
Status: Repealed
Group Areas Act was the title of three acts of the Parliament of South Africa enacted under the apartheid government of South Africa. The acts assigned racial groups to different residential and business sections in urban areas in a system of urban apartheid. An effect of the law was to exclude non-Whites from living in areas which were restricted to Whites (e.g., Sea Point, Lansdowne, Cape Town, Claremont). It caused many non-Whites to have to commute large distances from their homes in order to be able to work. The law led to non-Whites being forcibly removed for living in the "wrong" areas. The non-white majority were given much smaller areas (e.g., Tongaat, Grassy Park) to live in than the white minority who owned most of the country. Pass Laws required that non-Whites carry pass books, and later 'reference books'[1] (similar to passports) to enter the 'white' parts of the country.
The first Group Areas Act, the Group Areas Act, 1950 was promulgated on 7 July 1950, and it was implemented over a period of several years. It was amended by Parliament in 1952, 1955 (twice), 1956 and 1957. Later in 1957 it was repealed and re-enacted in consolidated form as the Group Areas Act, 1957, which was amended in 1961, 1962, and 1965. In 1966 this version was in turn repealed and re-enacted as the Group Areas Act, 1966, which was subsequently amended in 1969, 1972, 1974, 1975, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1982, and 1984. It was repealed (along with many other discriminatory laws) on 30 June 1991 by the Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures Act, 1991.
Contents
1 Background
2 Provisions
3 Impact
3.1 Sophiatown
4 See also
5 Sources and external links
6 References
Background[edit]
After the 1948 general election, D.F. Malan's administration commenced its policy of apartheid that sought to segregate the races in South Africa. The government hoped to achieve this through 'separate development' of the races and this entailed passing laws that would ensure a distinction on social, economic, political and, in the case of the Group Areas Act, geographical lines.[2] The Group Areas Act may be regarded as an extension of the Asiatic Land Tenure Act, 1946.[3]
Provisions[edit]
The Act empowered the Governor-General to declare certain geographical areas to be for the exclusive occupation of specific racial groups. In particular the statute identified three such racial groups: whites, coloureds and natives. This authority was exercised on the advice of the Minister of the Interior and the Group Areas Board.[4]
Once an area had been designated for sole occupation by certain racial groups the proclamation would not become legally effective for at least one year.[4] Once this time had expired it became a criminal offence to remain in occupation of property in that area with the punishment potentially being a fine and two years' imprisonment.[5]
The Act also applied to businesses with racial designation being applied on the basis of the individuals who held a controlling interest in the company.[4]
Impact[edit]
Mass Meeting at Durban on May 28, 1950 to protest against Group Area Bill and Suppression of Communism Bill. Section of gathering of over 20,000 people-Africans, Indian and Coloured. The meeting was held under joint auspices of the African National Congress, Natal Indian Congress, and the Coloured People Organisation.
The Act became an effective tool in the separate development of races in South Africa. It also granted the Minister of the Interior a mandate to forcibly remove non-whites from valuable pieces of land so that they could become white settlements.[4]
Sophiatown[edit]
One of the most famous uses of the Group Areas Act was the destruction of Sophiatown, a suburb of Johannesburg.[6] On 9 February 1955 2,000 policemen began removing residents to Meadowlands, Soweto and erected a new white-only area called Triomf (Triomf —Afrikaans for Triumph).[7]
See also[edit]
Apartheid
Apartheid laws
Sources and external links[edit]
List of apartheid-era legislation
Original copy of the statute
Cape Town's District Six Museum which examines forced removals
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Women's Anti-Pass Law Campaigns in South Africa http://africanhistory.about.com/od/apartheid/a/WomensAntiPass.htm
Jump up ^ http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/history-separate-development-south-africa The History of Separate Development in South Africa
Jump up ^ Davenport, T.R.H. (1978). South Africa: A Modern History. CUP. p. 259-9.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Loveland, Ian (1999). By Due Process of Law: Racial Discrimination & the Right to Vote in South Africa 1855-1960. Hart. p. 242-3.
Jump up ^ s. 34, Group Areas Act 1950
Jump up ^ http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/urban-removals-destruction-sophiatown and district six
Jump up ^ http://www.southafrica.info/about/history/sophiatown140206.htm#.Vbzqm_lViko Sophiatown again, 50 years on
hide
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t
e
Apartheid legislation in South Africa
Precursors
(before 1948)
Hut tax (1884)
Franchise and Ballot Act (1892)
Glen Grey Act (1894)
Natal Legislative Assembly Bill (1894)
Transvaal Asiatic Registration Act (1906)
South Africa Act (1909)
Mines and Works Act (1911)
Natives Land Act (1913)
Natives (Urban Areas) Act (1923)
Immorality Act (1927)
Native Administration Act (1927)
Representation of Natives Act (1936)
Native Trust and Land Act (1936)
Native (Urban Areas) Consolidation Act (1945)
Asiatic Land Tenure Act (1946)
Malan to
Verwoerd
(1948–1966)
Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act (1949)
Immorality Amendment Act (1950)
Population Registration Act (1950)
Group Areas Act (1950)
Suppression of Communism Act (1950)
Native Building Workers Act (1951)
Separate Representation of Voters Act (1951)
Prevention of Illegal Squatting Act (1951)
Bantu Authorities Act (1951)
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The Armenian and the Armenian
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Saroyan pictured here in 1940
"The Armenian and the Armenian" is a short story written by William Saroyan in August 1935 in New York. It was first published in 1936 in the collection of short stories entitled Inhale & Exhale.[1] Over the years, the story has become known for the excerpt—"arguably [Saroyan's] most famous saying"[2]—about the survival of the Armenian people after the genocide of 1915.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Overview
3 The excerpt
4 Significance and usage
5 Film
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Background[edit]
William Saroyan was born in Fresno, California, to Armenian immigrant parents from Turkish (Western) Armenia. The Armenian community in Fresno—already significant by the 1910s—grew larger by the influx of genocide survivors and Saroyan grew up in an Armenian environment.[3] In his 1935 story "First Visit to Armenia", Saroyan wrote that he "began to visit Armenia as soon as I had earned the necessary money."[4]
Overview[edit]
In the story, Saroyan tells about his encounter with an Armenian waiter he accidentally meets at a beer parlor in the Russian city of Rostov in 1935, en route to Soviet Armenia. The two Armenians, although from different parts of the world, speak Armenian with each other. This fact inspired him to write the story. In a personal note for the second edition (1943) of Inhale & Exhale, Saroyan calls "The Armenian and the Armenian" his favorite of the 31 selected stories.[5]
The excerpt[edit]
"The Armenian and the Armenian" is best known for its last two paragraphs,[2][6] in which Saroyan "unleashes emotional energy and praises the Armenians' ability to survive as a nation".[7] The original text reads as follows:[1]
“ I should like to see any power of the world destroy this race, this small tribe of unimportant people, whose history is ended, whose wars have all been fought and lost, whose structures have crumbled, whose literature is unread, whose music is unheard, whose prayers are no longer uttered.
Go ahead, destroy this race. Let us say that it is again 1915. There is war in the world. Destroy Armenia. See if you can do it. Send them from their homes into the desert. Let them have neither bread nor water. Burn their houses and their churches. See if they will not live again. See if they will not laugh again. See if the race will not live again when two of them meet in a beer parlor, twenty years later, and laugh, and speak in their tongue. Go ahead, see if you can do anything about it. See if you can stop them from mocking the big ideas of the world, you sons of bitches, a couple of Armenians talking in the world, go ahead and try to destroy them.
”
The quote is often modified; commonly, the phrase "see if they will not create a New Armenia" is added at the end. It remains unclear under what circumstances it was added.[8]
Significance and usage[edit]
Over the years, this excerpt has become of symbolic significance in the Armenian diaspora, which was formed, primarily, as a result of the genocide. Various authors, including English travel writer Philip Marsden,[9] Israeli writer Yoram Kaniuk,[10] American playwright David Mamet,[11] Iranian-born Armenian-American academic Vartan Gregorian,[12] French military writer Gérard Chaliand,[13] Armenian-American criminal defense lawyer Mark Geragos,[14] Armenian-American journalist Stephen Kurkjian,[15] and others[16][17] have used it in their works.
The quote appeared at the end of the 2016 film The Promise, a film about the Armenian Genocide.[18]
In 2008, California state senators Dave Cogdill and Joe Simitian, along with California assemblymen Greg Aghazarian, Juan Arambula, Paul Krekorian, and Michael Villines proposed a bill which "would designate the year 2008 as the William Saroyan Year". In the statement, "The Armenian and the Armenian" was described as "an especially stirring declaration of solidarity... The words evoke notes of grief, rage, resilience, and rebirth, in relation to Armenian cultural and social life."[19]
Film[edit]
The story was adapted into a short film by Armen Karaoghlanian in 2010.[20]
See also[edit]
Armenian Genocide in culture
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Saroyan, William (1936). Inhale & Exhale. New York: Random House. pp. 437–38.
^ Jump up to: a b Khanjian, Zaven (1 November 2008). "How I came to know Saroyan". The Armenian Reporter. Retrieved 3 February 2014. ...the story which contains his arguably most famous saying.
Jump up ^ Remenyi, Joseph (November 1944). "William Saroyan: A Portrait". College English. National Council of Teachers of English. 6 (2): 92. doi:10.2307/370591.
Jump up ^ "_______". Ararat. New York: Armenian General Benevolent Union. 25: 6. 1984.
Jump up ^ Saroyan, William (1943). 31 selected stories from "Inhale and Exhale". New York: Avon Book Company.
Jump up ^ Sassounian, Harut (5 May 2010). "Is Turkey's Consil Unhappy That Not All Armenians Were Slaughtered Like Sheep?". Noravank Foundation. Retrieved 3 February 2014. ...Saroyan’s well-known statement...
Jump up ^ Shirinian, Lorne (2000). Writing memory: the search for home in Armenian diaspora literature as cultural practice. Kingston, Ontario: Blue Heron Press. p. 86. ISBN 9780920266229.
Jump up ^ Garabed, C.K. (8 August 2009). "CK Garabed: Mincing Words". The Armenian Weekly. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
Jump up ^ Marsden, Philip (2015) [1993]. The Crossing Place: A Journey Among the Armenians. William Collins. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-00-812743-5.
Jump up ^ Kaniuk, Yoram (1999). Commander of the Exodus. New York: Grove Press. p. 85. ISBN 9781555847821.
Jump up ^ Mamet, David (2006). The Wicked Son: Anti-Semitism, Self-hatred, and the Jews. New York: Random House. p. 72. ISBN 9780805242744.
Jump up ^ Gregorian, Vartan (2008). The Road to Home: My Life and Times. New York: Simon and Schuster. pp. 189–190. ISBN 9781439129111.
Jump up ^ Chaliand, Gérard; Rageau, Jean-Pierre (1997). The Penguin atlas of diasporas. New York: Penguin Books. p. 92. ISBN 9780140178142.
Jump up ^ Geragos, Mark; Harris, Pat (2013). "Introduction". Mistrial: An Inside Look at How the Criminal Justice System Works...and Sometimes Doesn't. Penguin Books. ISBN 9781101595015. [1]
Jump up ^ Kurkjian, Stephen (18 April 1993). "Roots of Sorrow". Boston Globe.
Jump up ^ Johnson, Jerry L. (2000). Crossing Borders—confronting History: Intercultural Adjustment in a Post-Cold War World. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America. p. 153. ISBN 9780761815365.
Jump up ^ Bakalian, Anny P. (1993). Armenian-Americans: From Being to Feeling Armenian. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. p. 3. ISBN 9781412817479.
Jump up ^ Kandiah, Krish (April 23, 2017). "'The Promise' - in depth interview with the producer of this unmissable movie for Christians". Christian Today. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Relative to William Saroyan Year". Official California Legislative Information. 13 March 2008. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Armenian and the Armenian (2010)". IMDb. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
External links[edit]
"The Armenian and the Armenian" from the original 1936 publication
Saroyan reading the famous excerpt from the story on YouTube
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Armenian_and_the_Armenian&oldid=803436767"
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