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FIFA World Cup top goalscorers
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Miroslav Klose celebrating his record-breaking 16th World Cup goal
Over 2,300 goals have been scored at the 20 editions of the FIFA World Cup final tournaments, excluding penalties converted during shoot-outs.[1][2][3] Since the first goal scored by French player Lucien Laurent at the 1930 FIFA World Cup,[4] over 1,200 footballers have scored goals at the World Cup,[2] only 90 of which scored at least five goals.
Number of goalscorers[5][6][2]
Goals
≥11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Total
№ players
7 6 9 7 6 24 32 57 >90 >200 >750 >1,200
Ronaldo is the player with the second most goals, scoring 15.
The top goalscorer of the inaugural competition was Argentina's Guillermo Stábile with eight goals. Since then, only 22 players have scored more goals at all the games played at the World Cup than Stábile did throughout the 1930 tournament. The first was Hungary's Sándor Kocsis with eleven goals scored in 1954. At the next tournament, France's Just Fontaine improved on this record with 13 goals in only six games. Gerd Müller scored 10 goals for West Germany in 1970 and broke the overall record when he scored his 14th goal at the World Cup during West Germany's win at the 1974 final. His record stood for more than three decades until Brazil's Ronaldo scored 15 goals between 1998 and 2006. Germany's Miroslav Klose went on to score a record 16 goals across four consecutive tournaments between 2002 and 2014. Only two other players have also scored more than 10 goals at the World Cup: Pelé with 12 between 1958 and 1970 and Jürgen Klinsmann with 11 between 1990 and 1998.
Of all the players who have played at the World Cup, only six have scored, on average, at least two goals per game played: Kocsis, Fontaine, Stábile, Oleg Salenko, Josef Hügi, and Ernst Wilimowski — the latter scored four goals in his single World Cup game in 1938.[7] The top 90 goalscorers have represented 30 different nations, with 13 players scoring for Brazil, and another 14 for Germany or West Germany. In total, 60 footballers came from UEFA (Europe), 26 from CONMEBOL (South America), and only four from elsewhere: Cameroon, Ghana, Australia, and the United States.
Fontaine holds the record for the most goals scored at a single tournament, with 13 goals in 1958. The players that came closest to this record were Kocsis in 1954, Müller in 1970 and Portugal's Eusébio in 1966, with 11, 10 and 9 goals, respectively. The lowest scoring tournament's top goalscorer was in 1962, when six players scored only four goals each. Across the 20 editions of the World Cup, 29 different footballers have been credited with the most tournament goals, and no one has achieved this feat twice. Nine of them scored at least seven goals in a tournament, while Jairzinho became in 1970 the only footballer to score at least seven goals without being the top goalscorer of that tournament. These 29 top goalscorers played for 19 different nations, the most (five) for Brazil. Another five came from other South American countries, and the remaining 19 came from Europe. Excluding the 2010 tournament, all the top goalscorers won the Golden Boot.
Contents
[hide]
1 Overall top goalscorers
1.1 Timeline
2 Top goalscorers for each tournament
3 See also
4 Notes
5 References
6 External links
Overall top goalscorers[edit]
Gerd Müller (right) scored 14 goals for West Germany.
Pelé (right) scored 12 goals for Brazil.
Thomas Müller has scored 10 goals for Germany.
Grzegorz Lato (left) scored 10 goals for Poland.
David Villa (left) is the top World Cup goalscorer for Spain, with nine goals.
Jairzinho (upper right) and Roberto Rivellino (center) have scored nine and six goals, respectively, for Brazil.
Landon Donovan is the first player from the United States to score five goals.
Players with at least 5 goals at the FIFA World Cup tournaments[1][7]
Rank
Player[nb 1]
Team
Goals
scored
Matches
played
Goals
per game
[nb 2]
Tournaments[nb 3]
Notes
1
Miroslav Klose Germany 16 24 0.67 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014 list[8]
2
Ronaldo Brazil 15 19 0.79 [1994], 1998, 2002, 2006 list[9]
3
Gerd Müller West Germany 14 13 1.08 1970, 1974 list[10]
4
Just Fontaine France 13 6 2.17 1958 list[11]
5
Pelé Brazil 12 14 0.86 1958, 1962, 1966, 1970 list[12]
6
Sándor Kocsis Hungary 11 5 2.20 1954 list[13]
Jürgen Klinsmann Germany 17 0.65 1990, 1994, 1998 list[14]
8
Helmut Rahn West Germany 10 10 1.00 1954, 1958 list[15]
Gary Lineker England 12 0.83 1986, 1990 list[16]
Gabriel Batistuta Argentina 12 0.83 1994, 1998, 2002 list[17]
Teófilo Cubillas Peru 13 0.77 1970, 1978, (1982) list[18]
Thomas Müller↑ Germany 13 0.77 2010, 2014 list[19]
Grzegorz Lato Poland 20 0.50 1974, 1978, 1982 list[20]
14
Eusébio Portugal 9 6 1.50 1966 list[21]
Christian Vieri Italy 9 1.00 1998, 2002 list[22]
Vavá Brazil 10 0.90 1958, 1962 [23]
David Villa Spain 12 0.75 2006, 2010, 2014 list[24]
Paolo Rossi Italy 14 0.64 1978, 1982, [1986] list[25]
Jairzinho Brazil 16 0.56 1966a !(1966), 1970, 1974 list[26]
Roberto Baggio Italy 16 0.56 1990, 1994, 1998 list[27]
Karl-Heinz Rummenigge West Germany 19 0.47 1978, 1982, 1986 list[28]
Uwe Seeler West Germany 21 0.43 1958, 1962, 1966, 1970 [29]
23
Guillermo Stábile Argentina 8 4 2.00 1930 [30]
Leônidas Brazil 5 1.60 1934, 1938 [nb 4][32]
Ademir Brazil 6 1.33 1950 [nb 5][35]
Óscar Míguez Uruguay 7 1.14 1950, 1954 [36]
Rivaldo Brazil 14 0.57 1998, 2002 [37]
Rudi Völler Germany 15 0.53 1986, 1990, 1994 [38]
Diego Maradona Argentina 21 0.38 1982, 1986, (1990), 1994 [39]
30
Oldřich Nejedlý Czechoslovakia 7 6 1.17 1934, 1938 [nb 6][40]
Lajos Tichy Hungary 8 0.88 1958, 1962, [1966] [41]
Careca Brazil 9 0.78 1986, 1990 [42]
Andrzej Szarmach Poland 13 0.54 1974, 1978, 1982 [43]
Johnny Rep Netherlands 13 0.54 1974, 1978 [44]
Hans Schäfer West Germany 15 0.47 1954, 1958, (1962) [45]
36
Josef Hügi Switzerland 6 3 2.00 1954 [46]
Oleg Salenko Russia 3 2.00 1994 [47]
Max Morlock West Germany 5 1.20 1954 [48]
Erich Probst Austria 5 1.20 1954 [49]
György Sárosi Hungary 5 1.20 1934, 1938 [50]
James Rodríguez↑ Colombia 5 1.20 2014 [51]
Salvatore Schillaci Italy 7 0.86 1990 [52]
Davor Šuker Croatia 8 0.75 1990b ![1990], 1998, (2002) [nb 7][53]
Helmut Haller West Germany 9 0.67 1962a !(1962), 1966, (1970) [54]
Hristo Stoichkov Bulgaria 10 0.60 1994, (1998) [55]
Diego Forlán Uruguay 10 0.60 2002, 2010, (2014) [56]
Asamoah Gyan Ghana 11 0.55 2006, 2010, 2014 [57]
Dennis Bergkamp Netherlands 12 0.50 1994, 1998 [58]
Rob Rensenbrink Netherlands 13 0.46 1974, 1978 [59]
Cristiano Ronaldo↑ Portugal 14 0.43 2006, 2010, 2014, 2018 list[60]
Rivellino Brazil 15 0.40 1970, 1974, (1978) [61]
Bebeto Brazil 15 0.40 1990a !(1990), 1994, 1998 [62]
Arjen Robben Netherlands 15 0.40 2006, 2010, 2014 [63]
Zbigniew Boniek Poland 16 0.37 1978, 1982, (1986) [64]
Thierry Henry France 17 0.35 1998, (2002), 2006, (2010) [65]
Wesley Sneijder Netherlands 17 0.35 2006a !(2006), 2010, 2014 [66]
Robin van Persie Netherlands 17 0.35 2006, 2010, 2014 [67]
Mario Kempes Argentina 18 0.33 1974a !(1974), 1978, (1982) [68]
Lothar Matthäus Germany 25 0.24 1982a !(1982), 1986, 1990, 1994, (1998) [69]
60
Pedro Cea Uruguay 5 4 1.25 1930 [70]
Silvio Piola Italy 4 1.25 1938 [71]
Gyula Zsengellér Hungary 4 1.25 1938 [72]
Peter McParland Northern Ireland 5 1.00 1958 [73]
Tomáš Skuhravý Czechoslovakia 5 1.00 1990 [74]
Juan Alberto Schiaffino Uruguay 6 0.83 1950, 1954 [75]
Geoff Hurst England 6 0.83 1966, 1970 [76]
Jon Dahl Tomasson Denmark 6 0.83 2002, 2010 [77]
Alessandro Altobelli Italy 7 0.71 1982, 1986 [78]
Kennet Andersson Sweden 7 0.71 1994 [79]
Fernando Morientes Spain 7 0.71 1998, 2002 [80]
Romário Brazil 8 0.62 1990a !(1990), 1994 [81]
Marc Wilmots Belgium 8 0.62 1990b ![1990], (1994), 1998, 2002 [82]
Tim Cahill↑ Australia 8 0.62 2006, 2010, 2014 [83]
Luis Suárez↑ Uruguay 8 0.62 2010, 2014 [84]
Valentin Ivanov Soviet Union 9 0.55 1958, 1962 [85]
Roger Milla Cameroon 9 0.55 1982a !(1982), 1990, 1994 [86]
Emilio Butragueño Spain 9 0.55 1986, (1990) [87]
Hans Krankl Austria 10 0.50 1978, 1982 [88]
Raúl Spain 11 0.45 1998, 2002, 2006 [89]
Gonzalo Higuaín↑ Argentina 11 0.45 2010, 2014 [90]
Garrincha Brazil 12 0.42 1958a !(1958), 1962, 1966 [91]
Johan Neeskens Netherlands 12 0.42 1974, (1978) [92]
Fernando Hierro Spain 12 0.42 1990b ![1990], 1994, 1998, 2002 [93]
Zinedine Zidane France 12 0.42 1998, (2002), 2006 [94]
Landon Donovan United States 12 0.42 2002, (2006), 2010 [95]
Henrik Larsson Sweden 13 0.38 1994, 2002, 2006 [96]
Michel Platini France 14 0.36 1978, 1982, 1986 [97]
Zico Brazil 14 0.36 1978, 1982, (1986) [98]
Lionel Messi↑ Argentina 14 0.36 2006, (2010), 2014 [99]
Lukas Podolski Germany 15 0.33 2006, 2010, (2014) [100]
Franz Beckenbauer West Germany 18 0.28 1966, 1970, (1974) [101]
Timeline[edit]
Progressive list of footballers that have held the record for most goals scored at the FIFA World Cup final tournaments
Goals
Date
Player
Team
Match
Opponent
Previous goals
Ref
1
July 13, 1930 Lucien Laurent France 1930 – Group stage Mexico N/A [nb 8]
Bart McGhee United States 1930 – Group stage Belgium
Marcel Langiller France 1930 – Group stage Mexico
André Maschinot France Mexico
Tom Florie United States 1930 – Group stage Belgium
Bert Patenaude United States Belgium
Juan Carreño Mexico 1930 – Group stage France
2
André Maschinot France Mexico 1930 vs Mexico
July 16, 1930 Carlos Vidal Chile 1930 – Group stage Mexico 1930 vs Mexico [104]
July 17, 1930 Ivan Bek Yugoslavia 1930 – Group stage Bolivia 1930 vs Brazil [105]
3
Bert Patenaude United States 1930 – Group stage Paraguay 1930 vs Belgium, Paraguay [106]
4
July 22, 1930 Guillermo Stábile Argentina 1930 – Group stage Chile 1930 vs Mexico (3) [107]
5
6
July 26, 1930 1930 – Semi-final United States
7
8
July 30, 1930 1930 – Final Uruguay
June 19, 1938 Leônidas Brazil 1938 – 3rd place Sweden 1934 vs Spain
1938 vs Poland (3), Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovakia, Sweden (2) [108]
July 13, 1950 Ademir Brazil 1950 – Final round Spain 1950 vs Mexico (2), Yugoslavia, Sweden (3), Spain [35]
June 27, 1954 Sándor Kocsis Hungary 1954 – Quarter-final Brazil 1954 vs South Korea (3), Germany (4) [109]
9
10
June 30, 1954 1954 – Semi-final Uruguay
11
June 28, 1958 Just Fontaine France 1958 – 3rd place West Germany 1958 vs Paraguay (3), Yugoslavia (2), Scotland, Northern Ireland (2), Brazil, West Germany [110]
12
13
July 3, 1974 Gerd Müller West Germany 1974 – Second round Poland 1970 vs Morocco, Bulgaria (3), Peru (3), England, Italy (2)
1974 vs Australia, Yugoslavia [10]
14
July 7, 1974 1974 – Final Netherlands
June 22, 2006 Ronaldo Brazil 2006 – Group stage Japan 1998 vs Morocco, Chile (2), Netherlands
2002 vs Turkey, China, Costa Rica (2), Belgium, Turkey, Germany (2)
2006 vs Japan [111]
15
June 27, 2006 2006 – Round of 16 Ghana
June 21, 2014 Miroslav Klose Germany 2014 – Group stage Ghana 2002 vs Saudi Arabia (3), Ireland, Cameroon
2006 vs Costa Rica (2), Ecuador (2), Argentina
2010 vs Australia, England, Argentina (2) [112]
16
July 8, 2014 2014 – Semi-final Brazil
Top goalscorers for each tournament[edit]
Argentinian Guillermo Stábile was the top goalscorer of the 1930 World Cup, with eight goals.
Just Fontaine scored a record 13 goals at the 1958 FIFA World Cup.
Eusébio scored nine goals for Portugal at the 1966 World Cup.
James Rodríguez scored six goals for Colombia at the 2014 World Cup.
Top goalscorers at each FIFA World Cup final tournament[113]
World Cup
Player
Team
Goals
scored
Matches
played
Golden
Boot
Other FIFA Awards
1930
Guillermo Stábile Argentina 8 4
1934
Oldřich Nejedlý Czechoslovakia 5 4
1938
Leônidas Brazil 7 5
1950
Ademir Brazil 8 6
1954
Sándor Kocsis Hungary 11 5
1958
Just Fontaine France 13 6
1962
Garrincha Brazil 4 6
Vavá Brazil 6
Leonel Sánchez Chile 6
Flórián Albert Hungary 4 Best Young Player
Valentin Ivanov Soviet Union 4
Dražan Jerković Yugoslavia 6
1966
Eusébio Portugal 9 6
1970
Gerd Müller West Germany 10 6 Best Young Player
1974
Grzegorz Lato Poland 7 7
1978
Mario Kempes Argentina 6 7 Golden Ball
1982
Paolo Rossi Italy 6 7 Golden Ball
1986
Gary Lineker England 6 5
1990
Salvatore Schillaci Italy 6 7 Golden Ball
1994
Hristo Stoichkov Bulgaria 6 7 Bronze Ball
Oleg Salenko Russia 3
1998
Davor Šuker Croatia 6 7 Silver Ball
2002
Ronaldo Brazil 8 7 Silver Ball
2006
Miroslav Klose Germany 5 7
2010
Thomas Müller Germany 5 6 Best Young Player
David Villa Spain 7 Silver Boot, Bronze Ball
Wesley Sneijder Netherlands 7 Bronze Boot, Silver Ball
Diego Forlán Uruguay 7 Golden Ball
2014
James Rodríguez Colombia 6 5
See also[edit]
List of FIFA World Cup goalscorers
List of FIFA World Cup hat-tricks
List of FIFA World Cup own goals
All-time table of the FIFA World Cup
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Players in bold represent national top scorers at the World Cup, while those in bold italics are joint national top scorers. Players marked with ↑ are playing for their national teams in the 2018 tournament.
Jump up ^ Outside this list is Ernst Wilimowski of Poland, the player with the highest goals-to-games ratio in the World Cup. His ratio is 4.00 as he scored four goals in his only World Cup appearance, in 1938.
Jump up ^ Tournament in square brackets (e.g., [1994]) means player was part of the squad, but did not play. Tournament in parentheses (e.g., (1982)) means footballer did play in the tournament, but did not score any goals.
Jump up ^ FIFA initially credited Leônidas with eight goals in the 1938 tournament, but in November 2006 however, FIFA revised it to seven (he scored one additional goal in 1934).[31]
Jump up ^ There was a controversy regarding the number of goals scored by Ademir in 1950 because of incomplete data from the final group round game against Spain, that ended in a 6–1 victory for Brazil. The fifth Brazilian goal was credited to Jair,[33] but are now credited to Ademir.[34]
Jump up ^ FIFA initially credited Nejedlý with only four goals in 1934. However, FIFA changed it to five goals in November 2006, meaning he scored a total of seven goals overall (he scored two goals in 1938).[31]
Jump up ^ Davor Šuker was part of Yugoslavia's squad in the 1990 World Cup but did not play any games. After Yugoslavia split, he joined the Croatian national team.
Jump up ^ The two initial games of the 1930 World Cup ( France – Mexico[102] and United States – Belgium[103]) were played at the same time, as 7 different players scored, with André Maschinot scoring two goals. The order in which these players are listed reflects the actual elapsed time in the games when their goals were scored.
References[edit]
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External links[edit]
FIFA World Cup statistics at FIFA.com
Statistics at RSSSF
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Timeline of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is part of a series about the
Deepwater Horizon oil spill
BP
Deepwater Horizon
Explosion
Oil spill
Timeline
Volume and extent
Closure
Response
Environmental impact
Health consequences
Economic effects
Reactions
Investigation
Litigation
Compensation
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The following is a timeline of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (also referred to as the BP oil spill, the Gulf of Mexico oil spill or the Macondo blowout).[1][2][3][4] It was a massive oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, the largest offshore spill in U.S. history.[5] It was a result of the well blowout that began with the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig explosion on April 20, 2010.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
1.1 2008
1.2 2009
2 2010 events
2.1 February
2.2 March
2.3 April
2.4 May
2.5 June
2.6 July
2.7 August
2.8 September
2.9 October
2.10 November
2.11 December
3 References
Background[edit]
2008[edit]
March 2008 – The mineral rights to drill for oil at the Macondo well, located in Mississippi Canyon Block 252 in the United States sector of the Gulf of Mexico about 41 miles (66 km) off the Louisiana coast, were purchased by BP at the Minerals Management Service's (MMS) Lease Sale No. 206, held in New Orleans.[6]
2009[edit]
February – BP files a 52-page exploration and environmental impact plan for the Macondo well with the MMS. The plan stated that it was "unlikely that an accidental surface or subsurface oil spill would occur from the proposed activities".[7] In the event an accident did take place the plan stated that due to the well being 48 miles (77 km) from shore and the response capabilities that would be implemented, no significant adverse impacts would be expected.[7]
April 6 – The Department of the Interior exempted BP's Gulf of Mexico drilling operation from a detailed environmental impact study after concluding that a massive oil spill was unlikely.[8][9]
June 22 – Mark E. Hafle, a senior drilling engineer at BP, warns that the metal casing for the blowout preventer might collapse under high pressure.[10]
October 7 – The Transocean Marianas semi-submersible rig begins drilling the Macondo well.[11]
November 9 – Hurricane Ida damages Transocean Marianas enough that it has to be replaced.[11]
2010 events[edit]
February[edit]
February 15, 2010 – Deepwater Horizon drilling rig, owned by Transocean, begins drilling on the Macondo Prospect.[11][12][13][14] The planned well was to be drilled to 18,000 feet (5,500 m) below sea level, and was to be plugged and suspended for subsequent completion as a subsea producer.[15]
March[edit]
March 8 – Target date for the completion of the well which had been budgeted to cost $96 million.[11]
March 17 – BP Chief Tony Hayward sells one third of his BP stock (223,288 shares).[16] Closing BP price on March 17 on the New York Stock Exchange is 58.15.
March – An accident damages a gasket on the blowout preventer on the rig.[17]
April[edit]
Fighting the fire on April 21
April 1 – Halliburton employee Marvin Volek warns that BP's use of cement "was against our best practices."[17]
April 6 – MMS issues permit to BP for the well with the notation, "Exercise caution while drilling due to indications of shallow gas and possible water flow."[18]
April 9 – BP drills last section with the wellbore 18,360 feet (5,600 m) below sea level but the last 1,192 feet (363 m) need casing. Halliburton recommends liner/tieback casing that will provide 4 redundant barriers to flow. BP chooses to do a single liner with fewer barriers that is faster to install and cheaper ($7 to $10 million).[11]
April 14 – Brian Morel, a BP drilling engineer, emails a colleague "this has been a nightmare well which has everyone all over the place."[11]
April 15 – Morel informs Halliburton executive Jesse Gagliano that they plan to use 6 centralizers. Gagliano says they should use 21. Morel replies in an email, "it's too late to get any more product on the rig, our only option is to rearrange placement of these centralizers." Gagliano also recommends to circulate the drilling mud from the bottom of the well all the way up to the surface to remove air pockets and debris which can contaminate the cement, saying in an email, "at least circulate one bottoms up on the well before doing a cement job." Despite this recommendation, BP cycles only 261 barrels (41.5 m3) of mud, a fraction of the total mud used in the well.[11]
April 15 – MMS approves amended permit for BP to use a single liner with fewer barriers.[11]
April 16 – Brett Cocales, BP's Operations Drilling Engineer, emails drilling engineer Brian Morel confirming the 6 centralizer approach, saying six should be adequate to obtain a proper cement seal in the well. “Who cares, it’s done, end of story, will probably be fine and we’ll get a good cement job,” he wrote, according to a copy of the e-mail cited in court papers.[19] (Halliburton was the cement provider.)
April 17 – Deepwater Horizon completes its drilling and the well is being prepared to be cemented so that another rig will retrieve the oil. The blowout preventer is tested and found to be "functional."[20] Gagliano now reports that using only 6 centralizers "would likely produce channeling and a failure of the cement job."[11]
April 18 – Gagliano's report says "well is considered to have a severe gas flow problem." Schlumberger flies a crew to conduct a cement bond log to determine whether the cement has bonded to the casing and surrounding formations. It is required in rules.[17][11]
April 19 – Halliburton completes cementing of the final production casing string.[21]
April 20 –
7 am – BP cancels a recommended cement bond log test. Conducting the test would have taken 9–12 hours and $128,000. By canceling the cement test BP paid only $10,000. Crew leaves on 11:15 am flight.[11] BP officials gather on the platform to celebrate seven years without an injury on the rig.[22] The planned moving of the Deepwater Horizon to another location was 43 days past due and the delay had cost BP $21 million.[23]
9:49 pm (CDT) – Andrea Fleytas had been monitoring the dynamic positioning system on the bridge of the Horizon when she felt a jolt. Before she could make sense of it – a rig shaking shock that came out of nowhere – magenta warnings began flashing on her screen. Magenta meant the most dangerous level of combustible gas intrusion.[24]
9:56 pm CDT – Gas, oil and concrete from the Deepwater Horizon explode up the wellbore onto the deck and then catches fire. The explosion kills 11 platform workers and injures 17 others; another 98 people survive without serious physical injury.[25]
April 21 Coast Guard rear admiral Mary Landry named Federal On Scene Coordinator.[26] Coast Guard log reports “Potential environmental threat is 700,000 gallons of diesel on board the Deepwater Horizon and estimated potential of 8,000 barrels per day of crude oil, if the well were to completely blowout. Most of the current pollution has been mitigated by the fire. There is some surface sheening extending up to 2 miles from the source.” The log also reports that two attempts to shut the BOP using an ROV have failed.[27][28]
April 22 10:21 am – Rig sinks.[29] CNN quote Coast Guard Petty Officer Ashley Butler as saying that "oil was leaking from the rig at the rate of about 8,000 barrels (340,000 US gallons; 1,300 cubic metres) of crude per day."[30] 100,000 US gallons (380,000 litres) of dispersants are pre-authorized by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and placed in position even though there is no sign of a leak.[26] Three Norwegian crews from Ocean Intervention III from Oceaneering International, Skandi Neptune from DOF ASA, and Boa Sub C (from Boa International) begin using remotely operated underwater vehicles (ROV) to map the seabed and assess the damage to the wreck. The crews report "large amounts of oil that flowed out."[31]
April 23 – Coast Guard rear adm. Mary Landry tells CBS "At this time, there is no crude emanating from that wellhead at the ocean surface, er, at the ocean floor...There is not oil emanating from the riser either."[32][33] Unified Command begins operating out of the Royal Dutch Shell Training and Conference Center in Robert, Louisiana. Search and rescue suspended at 5 pm. Eleven of the 126 people on the rig have perished.[26] Coast Guard log reports, “BP will establish an ICP at Houma, Louisiana today to monitor the response and prepare for potential release estimated potential of 64,000- 110,000 bbls (2 ,688,000- 4,620,000 gal) per day of crude oil if the well were to completely blowout.”[27][28]
April 24 – In accordance with the existing in situ burn plans, the OSC determined in situ burning was a viable response method for several reasons. First, weather and sea-state did not allow continuous skimming and alternatives were needed. Second, skimmers and dispersants could not completely remove the oil being released from the well. Finally, the OSC determined in situ burning (ISB) was a safe and effective way to remove large volumes of oil from the ocean surface, based on data for in situ burns from previous spills.
BP reports a leak 1,000 barrels (42,000 US gallons; 160 cubic metres) a day.[34] DeepWaterHorizonResponse.com domain registered for one year by PIER Systems in Bellingham, Washington[35] to be used by the United States Coast Guard and other reporting agencies.[36] Price of a barrel of oil (West Texas Intermediate – Cushing, Oklahoma) $84.34[37]
April 25 – Oil sheen seen covering 580 square miles (1,500 km2) and is 70 miles (110 km) south of Mississippi and Alabama coastlines and was 31 miles (50 km) from the ecologically sensitive Chandeleur Islands. BP begins process to establish two relief wells.[26]
April 26 – Oil reported 36 miles (58 km) southeast of Louisiana. Booms set up to keep oil from washing ashore.[38] A huge containment chamber is moved to Superior Energy Services subsidiary Wild Well Control in Port Fourchon, Louisiana.[39] BP closing stock price 57.91[40] Coast Guard log reports “attempts to actuate the blow preventer (BOP) middle rams and blind shears were ineffective due to a hydraulic leak on the valve. Repairs are being worked overnight. The well head continues to discharge approximately 1,000 barrels/day.[28]
April 27 – Slick grows to 100 miles (160 km) across and 20 miles (32 km) from Louisiana coast.
April 28, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration estimated that the leak was likely 5,000 barrels (210,000 US gallons; 790 cubic metres) a day, five times larger than initially estimated by BP.[41][42] BP announces controlled test to burn oil off the surface was successful. Oil is 20 miles (32 km) east of the mouth of the Mississippi River. MMS postpones 2010 Offshore Industry Safety Awards scheduled to be May 3.[43]
April 29 – Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal declares a state of emergency. 100,000 feet (30 km) of containment booms were deployed along the coast.[44] By the next day, this nearly doubled to 180,000 feet (55 km) of deployed booms, with an additional 300,000 feet (91 km) staged or being deployed.[45]
April 30 – Oil washes ashore at Venice, Louisiana. President Barack Obama halts new offshore drilling unless safeguards are in place. – Coast Guard issues subpoena to Transocean "to maintain the blowout preventer and to not allow anyone or anything to tamper with it" without the Guard's permission.[46] EPA establishes its website epa.gov/bpspill for its response.[36] Sanford Bernstein estimates capping the leaks and cleaning up the spill may cost $12.5 billion.[47] Innocentive launches a website asking people to submit their solutions to the crisis by June 30.[48][49] On April 30, the United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce asked Halliburton to brief it as well as provide any documents it might have related to its work on the Macondo well.[50]
May[edit]
Main article: Timeline of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (May 2010)
May 2 – President Obama meets with fishermen and Coast Guard in Venice, Louisiana. Oil discovered in the South Pass.[51] Transocean's Development Driller III starts drilling a first relief well.
May 3 – Shares of Nalco Holding Company jump 18% in one day after it is revealed that its dispersant products are being used for the cleanup.[52]
May 5 – BP announces that the smallest of three known leaks had been capped allowing the repair group to focus their efforts on the remaining leaks.[53]
May 6 – Oil sheen discovered in south end of Chandeleur Chain.[51]
May 7 – A 125-tonne (276,000 lb) container dome is lowered over the largest of the well leaks and pipe the oil to a storage vessel on the surface.[54]
May 8 – BP reports that methane is freezing at the top of the dome making it ineffective.[51]
May 9 – Tar balls reported on Dauphin Island in Alabama.
May 10 – After failed containment dome BP announces plans to apply five feet in diameter containment vessel nicknamed "top hat".[55] BP announces strategy of trying to push mud and debris down the tube to clog it. The strategy is nicknamed "junk shot."
May 11 – BP, Transocean and Halliburton officials testify before Congress blaming each other for the incident.[56] MMS and Coast Guard Joint Investigation Team chaired by USCG Capt. Hung Nguyen and MMS employee David Dykes begin a Joint Marine Board of Investigation into the accident holding the first hearings at the Crowne Plaza Hotel in Kenner, Louisiana where they interview survivors.[57]
May 12 – BP releases first public video of leak and others say the leak is significantly higher than what BP has been saying.[58] One estimate says it could to be 20,000–100,000 barrels (840,000–4,200,000 US gallons; 3,200–15,900 cubic metres) a day.[58][59]
May 13 – Tony Hayward calls the oil spill "relatively tiny" in comparison with the size of the "ocean."[60] Transocean files in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas to limit its liability under the Limitation of Shipowner's Liability Act to just its interest in the Deepwater Horizon which it values at $26,764,083.[61]
May 14 – BP inserts 4-inch (100 mm) wide riser into the 21-inch-wide burst pipe. It is initially dislodged when an underwater robot collides with the pipe.[40]
May 15 – Coast Guard and EPA authorize use dispersants underwater, at the source of the Deepwater Horizon leak.[62]
May 16 – GSF Development Driller II starts drilling second relief well.
May 17 – BP begins burning off gas with the Discoverer Enterprise.[51] BP says it will release a live feed of the leak hours after receiving a request from Congressman Edward Markey. Supporting his position is Steve Wereley from Purdue University who says the leak may be 70,000 barrels (2,900,000 US gallons; 11,000,000 litres) a day.[63]
Chris Oynes, offshore drilling director for the MMS, announces a hurried retirement.
May 19 – Oil washes ashore on mainland Louisiana.[51]
May 21 – BP begins live underwater video broadcasts of the leak.[64] Flow Rate Technical Group established for "scientifically validated information about the amount of oil flowing from BP s leaking oil well."[26] The average daily oil collection rates is 2,000 barrels (84,000 US gallons; 320,000 litres) a day.[65][66]
May 22 – Obama signs an executive order establishing the bipartisan National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling[67][68]
May 23 – BP rebuffs EPA order to change its dispersants. BP says that if oil reaches the shore, it would do more environmental harm than if it were dispersed off the coast. It notes that Corexit is the only product that is available in sufficient quantities to deal with the spill.[69][70]
May 24 – BP says it currently has no plans to use explosives on the well. It also flatly denies it ever considered using a nuclear bomb on the well as some suggested.[71]
May 26 – BP announces plan to force feed heavy drilling mud in a project called "top kill".[72] Doug Brown, the chief mechanic on the Deepwater Horizon, testifies at the joint U.S. Coast Guard and Minerals Management Service hearing that a BP representative overruled Transocean employees and insisted on displacing protective drilling mud with seawater just hours before the explosion.[73]
May 27 – Obama announces a six-month moratorium on new deepwater oil drilling permits in 500 feet (150 m) of water or more.[74][75] Based on the oil flow estimates by the Flow Rate Technical Group, the United States government increased its estimate at 12,000 to 19,000 barrels (500,000 to 800,000 US gallons; 1,900,000 to 3,000,000 litres) per day.[76][77][78][79] Elizabeth Birnbaum resigns from MMS.[80][81][82]
May 28 – Obama visits Louisiana again.[51]
May 29 – BP declares Top Kill is a failure and moves on to their next contingency option, the Lower Marine Riser Package (LMRP) Cap Containment System.[83][84][85][86][87]
May 31 – BP announces plan to slice the leaking pipe, placing a cap on it and channeling the oil to surface ships.[51]
June[edit]
Main article: Timeline of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (June 2010)
June 1 – Oil began washing up on the beaches of Gulf Islands National Seashore.[88]
June 4 – Tar balls arrive on beaches in Pensacola, Florida.[89]
June 5 – Obama makes third trip to Louisiana since the disaster began visits Grand Isle, Louisiana for the second time in two weeks.[90]
June 6 – BP abandons plans to close three remaining vents on the containment cap noting that with one vent it is capturing as much oil as it can handle.[91]
June 8 – BP releases the requested high resolution images of the leak.[92]
June 9 – BP's chief operating officer Doug Suttles says the underwater plume is "in very minute quantities."[93]
June 11 – Flow Rate Technical Group says the leak could be 20,000 to 40,000 barrels (840,000 to 1,680,000 US gallons; 3,200,000 to 6,400,000 litres) of oil a day.[94]
June 15 – Obama in the first speech from the Oval Office of his Presidency focuses on the spill.[95]
June 16 – Obama meets with Svanberg, Hayward, McKay. BP agrees to fund a $20 billion escrow account administered by Kenneth Feinberg.[96]
June 17 – Hayward addresses the United States House Energy Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations.
June 22 – Martin Leach-Cross Feldman of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana issues restraining order in Hornbeck Offshore Services LLC v. Salazar against the 6-month moratorium on drilling in the Gulf waters of 500 feet (150 m) or more.[97]
June 23 – Oil appeared on Pensacola Beach and in Gulf Islands National Seashore, and officials warned against swimming for 33 miles (53 km) east of the Alabama line.[98][99]
June 25 – Hurricane Alex (2010) causes relief rigs to disconnect and let the oil spill unchecked into the ocean.[100]
July[edit]
Main article: Timeline of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (July 2010)
July 1 – The supertanker A Whale, begins skimming tests at Boothville, Louisiana.[101]
July 2 – * National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration issues models of the probability of oil coming ashore based on historical winds and currents noting that oil may come ashore in the Keys and Miami.[102]
July 5 – Oil is reported at Rigolets raising fears it will hit Lake Pontchartrain.[103]
July 8 – United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit in 2–1 vote refuses to overturn oil drilling moratorium in Hornbeck Offshore Services LLC v. Salazar. Administration says it will issue a new moratorium.[104]
July 10 – Old cap removed from well at 12:37 pm CDT in preparation for a new cap. Oil is expected to flow unabated into the Gulf for 48 hours.[105]
July 12
Three ram capping stack installed on the Deepwater Horizon LMRP at 7 pm CDT (0000 GMT). The stack completes the installation of the new 40-ton containment device sealing cap. Tests begin on testing well integrity.[106][107]
Salazar issues a new moratorium until November 30 on deepwater wells that use a blowout preventer.[108]
National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling begins two days of hearings at the Hilton New Orleans Riverside[109]
July 15 – BP test cuts off all oil pouring into the Gulf at 2:25 pm.[110] However Thad Allen cautions that it is likely that containment operations will resume following the test.[111]
July 16 – A Whale will not join the containment process after tests show that its skimming operations were "negligible" in comparison to the much smaller and more nimble skimmers.[112]
July 18 – Allen sends Dudley a letter to provide "written procedure for opening the choke valve as quickly as possible" noting tests have "detected seep a distance from the well and undetermined anomalies at the well."[113]
July 19
Kent Wells says BP is considering a "static kill" of the well using heavy mud bumped through the new cap in a process known as bullheading.[114]
Donald Vidrine, who was the ranking BP representative on Deepwater Horizon, citing ill health refuses to testify at Coast Guard hearing into the accident.[115]
July 22
Ships and personnel leave the spill site as Tropical Storm Bonnie approaches.[116][117]
NOAA reopens one-third of closed area of Gulf to fishing.[118]
July 24
BP says an internal investigation has cleared itself of gross negligence in the spill and will publish the findings in the next month.[119]
Ships return after Bonnie turns out not to have been as strong as anticipated.[120]
July 27
Towing vessel Pere Ana C pushing the barge Captain Beauford collides with Louisiana-owned oil and natural gas rig C177 in the northern part of Barataria Bay south of Lafitte, Louisiana. 6,000 feet of boom are placed around rig while it is evaluated.[121][122]
BP board formally announces that Bob Dudley will replace Tony Hayward as BP CEO effective October 1.[123]
August[edit]
Main article: Timeline of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (August 2010)
Barack Obama and daughter Sasha swim at Alligator Point in Panama City Beach, Fla., Saturday, Aug. 14, 2010.
August 2
Flow Rate Technical Group reports that the well initially was dumping 62,000 barrels of oil per day initially after the spill and that it dwindled to 53,000 barrels when it was capped as the well was depleted. This means that 4.9 million barrels were dropped into the Gulf.[124]
Environmental Protection Agency releases a study of eight dispersants which concludes that Corexit 9500 "is generally no more or less toxic than mixtures with the other available alternatives" and that "dispersant-oil mixtures are generally no more toxic to the aquatic test species than oil alone."[124][125][126]
August 4 – BP reports that the well achieved “static condition” shortly after midnight after drilling mud is said to now fill the well.[127]
August 14 – President Obama, on a one-night vacation, stays at the Back Bay Marriott in Panama City, Florida. The White House releases a photo of the president and his daughter Sasha Obama swimming in St. Andrew's Bay (Florida) near Alligator Point. The press were not present during the swim.[128]
September[edit]
September 19 – BP officially declares oil well completely and permanently sealed.[129]
September 29 – Andy Inglis, who headed deepwater drilling operations in the Gulf of Mexico at the time of the spill, steps down as head of the upstream business.[130]
September 30 – Dudley tells the Houston Chronicle, "We don't believe we have been grossly negligent in anything we've seen in any of the investigations." Dudley also announces BP will create a stronger safety division.[131][132]
October[edit]
October 1 – Allen steps down.[133]
November[edit]
November 28 - Booz Allen Hamilton, Inc. announces the hiring of retired U.S. Coast Guard Admiral Thad Allen as a Senior Vice President of Thought Leadership on Law Enforcement, Homeland Security Strategy.[134]
December[edit]
December 15 – According to a feature Associated Press story on the homepage of Time Magazine, the U.S. federal government is suing BP Exploration and Production, Inc., and eight other corporations, for unlimited liability, in an effort to have them pay for the massive expenses involved in the cleanup and environmental recovery from the spill, including damages to natural resources; it also seeks civil penalties under the Clean Water Act.
December 17 – Unified Area Command releases the report from the Operational Science Advisory Team (OSAT) regarding results of sampling and analyses of thousands of water column and sediment samples from the shoreline through deepwater areas. Reference OSAT report at Restorethegulf.gov
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Jump up ^ http://www.boozallen.com/media-center/press-releases/2011/11/thad-allen-named-senior-vice-president Booz Allen Names Admiral Thad Allen as Senior Vice President.
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