text:
The Legend of Dragon Pearl
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The Legend of Dragon Pearl
PROMOTIONAL POSTER
Also known as
Long Zhu
Genre
Historical
Romance comedy
Written by
Li Yaling
Directed by
Zhu Shaojie
Zhou Yuanzhou
Starring
Yang Zi
Qin Junjie
Shu Chang
Mao Zijun
Opening theme
Bright Pearl by Isabelle Huang
Ending theme
The World in between your Eyebrows by Chang Shilei
Country of origin
China
Original language(s)
Mandarin
No. of episodes
90
Production
Running time
30 mins
Production company(s)
Tianyi Media
Yueshi Media
Release
Original network
Anhui TV, Beijing TV
Original release
May 8 (2017-05-08) – August 16, 2017 (2017-08-16)
The Legend of Dragon Pearl (Chinese: 龙珠传奇) is a 2017 Chinese television series starring Yang Zi, Qin Junjie, Shu Chang and Mao Zijun. The series premiered on Anhui TV and Beijing TV on 8 May 2017. It is currently airing two episodes per day from Monday to Wednesday at 22:00 (CST). VIP members of Youku get to view 12 episodes per week, released every Sunday at 3:00 (CST).[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Synopsis
2 Cast
2.1 Main
2.2 Supporting
2.2.1 People at Dragon Pearl Canyon
2.2.2 People of Qing Dynasty
2.2.2.1 People in the palace
2.2.2.2 Wu Sangui's household
2.2.2.3 People in Shanxi Province
2.2.3 People of Ming Dynasty
3 Soundtrack
4 References
5 External links
Synopsis[edit]
After the Qing conquest of the Ming, Li Yihuan and the rest of the descendants of the Ming Dynasty retreats to Dragon Pearl Canyon. There, they train under the guidance of the elders, learning various skills, hoping to restore the glory of their country one day. Li Yihuan, the last princess of the Ming Dynasty, was tasked by her teacher to get close to Kangxi to seek an opportunity for revenge. She meets the young emperor and after spending time together, they bicker and fall in love. However, their situation renders their love a difficult one as they are from opposing kingdoms.
Cast[edit]
Main[edit]
Yang Zi as Li Yihuan
The last princess of Ming Dynasty. Having been switched at birth, she is raised as the daughter of Li Dingguo without knowledge of her true identity. Hoping to right the wrongs, she was betrothed to Zhu Cixuan so that she becomes queen by way of marriage. Growing up, she is surrounded by mentors and friends who have dedicated their entire lives towards bringing down the Qing Dynasty. Because of health reasons, she is exempted from rigorous training and courses through childhood while maintaining her cheerful and cheeky self. On a day when she sneaks out from home, she meets Emperor Kangxi who is incognito as an ordinary man, and befriends him. Despite being aligned with the anti-Qing regiment, Yihuan only wishes to live a carefree and simple life. As she spends more time with Kangxi, she realizes that he is a just ruler and gradually gave up on her plans for revenge.[2]
Qin Junjie as Kangxi Emperor
The young emperor of Qing Dynasty. Due to his young age and inexperience, he has yet to gather enough clout to have any say on matters involving the nation but he is clever, malleable and determined to bide his time in his plan to defeat Ao Bai. He disguises himself as an imperial guard named Long San to infiltrate among his people and understand their sentiments. On a day when he was disguised as Long San, he meets Yihuan when she was dressed as a boy and they quickly become friends and then sworn brothers.[2]
Shu Chang as Xue Qingcheng / Shu Wanxin
Yihuan's close childhood friend and senior. She is beautiful, reserved and very capable at what she does. She is in love with Zhu Cixuan, yet he only has eyes for Yihuan. In order to infiltrate the palace, she takes on the identity of Shu Wanxin, the daughter of a Qing Dynasty official, and marries Kangxi as one of his concubines.[2]
Mao Zijun as Zhu Cixuan / Lin Jianqing
The crown prince of the Ming Dynasty. Switched at birth, he is actually Li Dingguo's son. He is intelligent, level-headed and exemplary as the figurehead who has been tasked with the burden of reviving a nation at a very young age. Given his arranged marriage with Yihuan, he has always seen her as his wife and partner but is devastated when he realizes Yihuan loves Kangxi.[2]
Supporting[edit]
People at Dragon Pearl Canyon[edit]
He Zhonghua as Li Dingguo
The former great general of Ming. A patriotic and loyal man who is willing to sacrifice anything for his country.
Han Chengyu as Ye Mosheng
Yihuan's childhood friend who is secretly in love with her and becomes rash and impulsive in all things concerning her. His over attentiveness towards her causes issues between him and Zhu Cixuan.[2]
Sun Wei as Fan Qianying
Yihuan's childhood friend. Her face was disfigured by a bear since young, causing her to be insecure about her looks. She falls in love with Wu Yingqi while carrying out her mission.
Zhang Dan as Chen Shengnan
Canti Lau as Fan Li
Xiu Qing as Ye Mingzhang
Tong Tong as Tang Yishou
Jiang Hong as Snow-clothed Warrior
People of Qing Dynasty[edit]
People in the palace[edit]
Siqin Gaowa as Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang
Zhang Weina as Empress Xiaochengren
He Zhonghua as Li Defu
Kangxi's personal eunuch, who was poisoned by Oboi and forced to spy for him. He is also the twin brother of Li Dingguo. Despite being relucant to help his brother with overthrowing the Qing Dynasty, he secretly looks out for Yihuan and Zhu Cixuan in the palace.
Lu Xingyu as Songgotu
Xiao Rongsheng as Oboi
Wu Sangui's household[edit]
Liu Liwei as Wu Sangui
Liu Xueyi as Wu Yingqi
The second son of Wu Sangui. A kind-hearted and gentle man, who falls for Fan Qianying despite the scar on her face.
Wang Yichan as Lady Qin, Wu Sangui's wife.
Li Zan as Shi Qinghong
Wu Yingqi's personal bodyguard. He poisoned and killed Shu Jian to prevent him from divulging important information to Kangxi.
People in Shanxi Province[edit]
Xie Ning as Liu Dezhao
An evil and conniving official who uses unscrupulous methods to steal the villager's property and grains.
Dai Zixiang as Meng Xianghe
Liu Dezhao's personal bodyguard who was tasked to protect him for 10 years. He is also Shu Wanxin's lover.
Cheng Cheng as Qiu Gui
Liu Dezhao's brother-in-law, and his fellow accomplice.
Guo Ruixi as Lady Qiu, Liu Dezhao's wife.
Wang Yao as Shu Jian
An upright and loyal official who was killed when he tried to report Wu Sangui and Liu Dezhao's evil deeds to Kangxi. He is also Shu Wanxin's father.
People of Ming Dynasty[edit]
Huang Haibing as Yongli Emperor
Wen Chunxiao as Empress Wang
Huang Juan as Lady Jin, Li Dingguo's wife.
Allen Ren as Li Sixing
Li Dingguo's son, who went missing after witnessing his father kill his mother and sister.
Zhou Tao as Sun Fu
Li Sixing's formal lieutenant. After Li Sixing's departure, he submits to the Qing Dynasty and becomes a magistrate.
Soundtrack[edit]
The Legend of Dragon Pearl - Original Television Soundtrack (龙珠传奇电视剧原声音乐大碟)
No.
Title
Music
Length
1. "Bright Pearl (明珠)" Isabelle Huang
2. "A Lifetime of Hurt (半世真一世伤)" Jason Hong
3. "Si Wu Lai (思无来)" Liu Zhijia
4. "Beautiful Snow (雪倾城)" Mao Zeshao
5. "Yi Jian Mei (一剪梅)" Mao Zeshao
6. "The World in between your Eyebrows (天地眉间)" Chang Shilei
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "《龙珠传奇》今开播 杨紫秦俊杰甜美虐恋将开启". Tencent. 2017-05-08.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Character introductions for Legend of Dragon Pearl". Drama Panda. May 25, 2017.
External links[edit]
The Legend of Dragon Pearl on Baidu
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Legend_of_Dragon_Pearl&oldid=797831152"
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text:
Han Lue
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's general notability guideline. Please help to establish notability by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond its mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be established, the article is likely to be merged, redirected, or deleted.
Find sources: "Han Lue" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Han Lue
The Fast and the Furious character
First appearance
The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (2006)
Los Bandoleros (2009) (chronologically)
Last appearance
Fast & Furious 6 (2013) (physical)
Furious 7 (2015) (photo and archival footage)
Created by
Chris Morgan
Portrayed by
Sung Kang
Information
Nickname(s)
Han
Gender
Male
Occupation
Street racer
Significant other(s)
Gisele Yashar
Nationality
Korean
Affiliation
Crew members:
Dominic Toretto
Letty Ortiz
Rico Santos
Tego Leo
Gisele Yashar
Brian O'Conner
Roman Pearce
Tej Parker
Luke Hobbs
Sean Boswell
Status
Deceased
Han Lue is a fictional character in The Fast and the Furious franchise. He first appears in The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift as the mentor of Sean Boswell, dying in a collision in the film's climax. Han's status as a member of Dominic Toretto's crew was shown in the subsequent films Fast & Furious, Fast Five, Fast & Furious 6 and Furious 7, as well as the short film Los Bandoleros.
Contents
[hide]
1 Development
2 Appearances
2.1 The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift
2.2 Los Bandoleros
2.3 Fast & Furious
2.4 Fast Five
2.5 Fast & Furious 6
2.6 Furious 7
3 Characterization
4 Relationships
5 Car list
6 References
7 External links
Development[edit]
The character was said to have been inspired by another character Kang portrayed, Han Hu in Better Luck Tomorrow, directed by Justin Lin. When Lin was recruited to direct Tokyo Drift, he pitched the idea of adding an Asian character to be the "cool guy" specifically with Han Hu in mind. Kang was only supposed to appear in a one-off but was brought back in the subsequent prequel films due to positive responses from audiences.[1]
Appearances[edit]
The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift[edit]
Main article: The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift
Living in Tokyo, Han uses his new-found wealth to start his own garage, as well as purchasing various expensive, modified tuner cars to store in the garage. Han also keeps himself occupied with various women, with a club attached next door to his garage. Additionally, he becomes involved with Tokyo's elite street racers and one of its most prominent drifters. At some point, he acquired a 2001 Nissan Silvia S15 Spec-S and rebuilt and restored it from the ground up, the car later being referred to by Twinkie as the Mona Lisa of the drift world.
Han also affiliates himself with Takashi, the nephew of Kamata, a Yakuza member, securing profits from various business ventures. Unbeknownst to either Kamata or Takashi, Han begins stealing money from their operation and does so without either of them noticing for some time.
When Han meets Sean Boswell, Boswell crossed Takashi’s unspoken boundaries by speaking to his girlfriend, Neela. Han questions why Takashi is still bothering with “high school girls” when Takashi decides to confront Sean. When Sean accepts Takashi’s challenge to drift, Han gives Sean the keys to his Nissan Silvia, curious to see what Sean is made of.
While Sean loses the race, destroying his car in the process, Han is intrigued by what he saw in Sean for merely challenging Takashi. The following day, Han meets Sean outside of his school and demands that he get into his car. Han makes a point to tell Sean that he is in his debt and would be his personal “errand boy” on account of the car that he owes him. Sean is willing to agree to the terms so long as Han teaches him how to drift.
When Sean falls out of favor with his father, Lieutenant Boswell, Sean comes to live in Han’s garage. While there, he works on the cars available to him in the garage and Han teaches him how to drift properly. As Sean improves, Han’s situation is complicated when Takashi becomes more forceful in threatening Sean to stay away from Neela. Eventually Takashi confronts Han about the money he's been stealing from his uncle. Han does not attempt to defend his actions to Takashi.
He merely states that the “side deals” he made while under the protection of Takashi’s word were in the nature of their business. He goes on to say that Takashi needed him and that he would’ve amounted to nothing if it wasn’t for his help. When Takashi becomes distracted by the presence of Neela, Han takes his chance and climbs into his car and escapes.
Takashi and his friend, Morimoto pursue him through the streets of Tokyo, but they are unable to catch him. He protects Sean and Neela from Takashi, allowing them to get ahead of him. When Han finally reaches the intersection of the road, Han’s car is t-boned by a Mercedes S-Class. Han’s car is flipped onto its top. Han, unable to escape the car, is killed in the explosion.
Some time after Han’s death, Sean Boswell meets Dominic Toretto after he requests an audience with him at the parking garage. Dominic races Sean with the 1970 Plymouth Road Runner he won from Han years before.
Los Bandoleros[edit]
Main article: Los Bandoleros (film)
In Los Bandoleros, Han visited Mexico, where he met Dominic "Dom" Toretto and established a relationship. Han begins “running” with Dominic for unspecified reasons. Dominic wins 1970 Plymouth Road Runner off of Han in a race.
Han arrives in the Dominican Republic when Dominic Toretto is preparing for a new job regarding the transportation of gas. He is picked up at the airport by the likes of Cara and Malo, Dominic's friends. He is later taken to Rico Santos' house, where Dominic lives, and they have dinner with the rest of the Santos family. He takes an immediate attraction to Cara, who shares a mutual attraction for him.
Later, he follows Dominic and Santos to the prison where Tego Leo was being kept before Santos helped him escape. When Dominic takes to take them to a secluded club to meet the man responsible for the transport of their score, Dominic tells him to drive around the block or wait in the car. Han instead decides to enter the club where he mingles with Cara and Malo at the bar.
When Cara asked how he met Dominic, Han briefly explained how they met each other in Mexico. Malo, realizing that the two were attracted to each other, asked if they wanted a room. Cara instead gives him her drink and she and Han leave the bar.
Fast & Furious[edit]
Main article: Fast & Furious (2009 film)
Han is seen only in the beginning of Fast & Furious. He along with Letty Ortiz, Toretto, Tego Leo, Rico Santos, and Cara, are hijacking a fuel tanker in the Dominican Republic. Han and Cara hijack the first two tankers while Leo and Santos hijack the other two tankers, not before the truck driver gives them a little problem after seeing Letty on top of the tanker and notices that the hijacking is going on. After the hijacking is done, Toretto disbands the crew after suspecting that the police are closing in on Toretto and his gang.
Fast Five[edit]
Main article: Fast Five
Han is recruited for a heist in the events of Fast Five as a precision driver and a "chameleon". During the events of the film, he starts to fall in love with another member of the crew, Gisele Yashar. At the end of the film, Han and Gisele are seen driving on a highway and are in a relationship.
Fast & Furious 6[edit]
Main article: Fast & Furious 6
When Han and Gisele arrive in London, they’re given the details of their situation with Owen Shaw and Letty Ortiz by Luke Hobbs. During their first encounter with Shaw’s team, Han, Brian and Gisele are attacked by the sniper Adolfson, who fires on their cars once they reach Interpol.
Brian, Han and Gisele are pinned down long enough for Vegh, Jah and Klaus to escape. Brian follows after them, but Gisele runs out into the open to fire on Jan and Klaus’s getaway car. At the last second, Han is able to pull her out of the way and the two take cover behind a fire hydrant as Adolfson fires on them multiple times before escaping.
During the team's attempt to stop Owen and his team from hijacking the military convoy, Han and Gisele pursue Denlinger on their motorcycles, a Harley Davidson XR1200 and Ducati Monster. Gisele is the first to reach Dillinger, hangs on the side of his Land Rover and is nearly crushed on the side of oncoming truck, but Han jumps onto the Land Rover in time to swerve the vehicle out of the way and save her life.
When Mia Toretto is taken prisoner by Shaw, Dominic and the others are forced to let Shaw and Riley Hicks, a double agent working with both Owen and Hobbs, go to ensure her safety. However, as soon as they’re allowed, they go after the plane Shaw is planning to take off on with Mia. Gisele and Han are one of two teams designated with the task of keeping the plane on the ground using the harpoons. During their efforts, Gisele is pulled out of their car by Adolfson. Han follows after her, climbing onto the top of their car.
Though Gisele is able to fend him off, she is knocked off of Adolfson’s car. Han is able to save at the last moment. Gisele, realizing that Adolfson plans to kill Han, let go of Hans arms and allows herself to fall, Han unable to save her. Before she is killed from the fall, she shoots Adolfson, knocking him off balance. A devastated Han attacks Adolfson and throws him off of the car and into the turbine of the plane.
After the plane crashes and Dominic survives the car crash in the attempt to escape the burning plane, Mia and Brian are the only ones to approach Han and attempts to comfort him when she realizes what happened to Gisele when she isn't with him.
With their records cleared by the pardons provided by Hobbs, Han and the others return to Los Angeles. While speaking with Roman Pearce and Tej Parker, Han ultimately decided to go to Tokyo.
In the post-credits scene of Fast & Furious 6, Han's death from The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift is shown, and it is revealed that Deckard Shaw, Owen's brother has driven the car that crashed into his.
Furious 7[edit]
Main article: Furious 7
Han's death is seen again in Furious 7 through archival footage from The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift and Fast & Furious 6, occurring the same time a bomb package delivered to Dominic's house goes off. Han's death was the reason Dominic appeared in Tokyo at the end of Tokyo Drift - to retrieve his body back to Los Angeles for burial. After racing with Sean Boswell, Dominic receives several of Han's personal items, including a photo of Gisele. The crew attended Han's funeral in Los Angeles a few days later, with Dominic spying Han's killer Deckard Shaw watching from a distance, and giving chase, leading to their confrontation.
Characterization[edit]
Han is known for munching on snacks. As pointed out by Gisele in Fast Five, this is part of his constant need to occupy his hands, as he is a former smoker. According to director Justin Lin, this is an Easter egg reference to the chain-smoking Han Hu character in Better Luck Tomorrow.
Following the death of Gisele in Fast & Furious 6, Han leaves the United States to live in Tokyo, Japan, setting up his appearance in The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift. Han was initially the only character from Tokyo Drift to appear in the subsequent films, before Sean Boswell's appearance in Furious 7. Both Sung Kang and Justin Lin explain the surname "Seoul-Oh" that Han uses in Fast & Furious 6 and Furious 7 is a fake ID.[2] As a result, it is largely accepted by the franchise's fanbase that Han Lue and Han Seoul-Oh are canonically the same character.[3]
Relationships[edit]
In the short film Los Bandoleros and the film Fast & Furious, he was in a relationship with Cara until they broke up by the time the events of Fast Five takes place. At the end of the film and all of Fast & Furious 6 he was in a relationship with Gisele Yashar until her death in the runway battle.
Car list[edit]
Film
Car
The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift 1994 Mazda RX-7, with Veilside, body kit
Fast & Furious 1967 Chevrolet C-Series, with a custom tail trailer and truck tires
Fast Five 1970 Ford Maverick
2011 Subaru Impreza WRX STI
2011 Dodge Charger R/T Police Car
2012 Lexus LFA
Fast & Furious 6
2005 BMW E60 M5
2012 Dodge Charger SRT8
1994 Mazda RX-7, with Veilside, body kit (archival footage)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Why Everybody Loves Sung Kang". KoreAm. June 12, 2014.
Jump up ^ Lin, Justin (May 30, 2013). "hanseoulo". You Offend Me, You Offend My Family. Archived from the original on June 29, 2015. Retrieved 29 May 2015. [Q]: What is Gisele's last name? I've seen two different ones. Yashar and Harabo. It's driving me crazy
[A]: We don't give up Gisele and Han's name. By the way, Han Seoul-Oh is a fake ID.
Jump up ^ GuestContributor (16 May 2015). "The Importance of Being Han of the Fast and Furious Movies". Movie Vine. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
External links[edit]
‹ The template below (IMDb character) is being considered for deletion. See templates for discussion to help reach a consensus. ›
Han Lue on IMDb
[hide]
v
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The Fast and the Furious
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album
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album
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Characters
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Short films
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Los Bandoleros
Video games
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Fast & Furious: Showdown
Forza Horizon 2 Presents Fast & Furious
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Fast & Furious: Supercharged
Related
"Act a Fool"
"Conteo"
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video
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text:
Fresh water
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Freshwater" redirects here. For other uses, see Freshwater (disambiguation).
Earth seen from Apollo 17—the Antarctic ice sheet at the bottom of the photograph contains 61% of the fresh water, or 1.7% of the total water, on Earth.
Fresh water (or freshwater) is naturally occurring water on Earth's surface in ice sheets, ice caps, glaciers, icebergs, bogs, ponds, lakes, rivers and streams, and underground as groundwater. Fresh water is generally characterized by having low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. The term specifically excludes seawater and brackish water although it does include mineral-rich waters such as chalybeate springs.
Fresh water is not the same as potable water (or drinking water): Much of the earth's surface fresh water and groundwater is unsuitable for drinking without some form of treatment. This is because fresh water can be polluted by human activities or it may be contaminated due to naturally occurring processes.
The term "sweet water" is used to describe fresh water in contrast to salt water.
Contents
[hide]
1 Systems
2 Sources
3 Water distribution
4 Numerical definition
5 Aquatic organisms
6 Fresh water as a resource
6.1 Agriculture
6.2 Limited resource
6.3 Fresh water withdrawal
6.4 Causes of limited fresh water
6.5 Fresh water in the future
6.6 Choices in the use of fresh water
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Systems[edit]
Rivers, lakes, and marshlands, such as (from top) South America's Amazon River, Russia's Lake Baikal, and the Everglades in the United States, are types of freshwater systems.
Fresh water habitats are divided into lentic systems, which are the stillwaters including ponds, lakes, swamps and mires; lotic, or running-water systems; and groundwater which flows in rocks and aquifers. There is, in addition, a zone which bridges between groundwater and lotic systems, which is the hyporheic zone, which underlies many larger rivers and can contain substantially more water than is seen in the open channel. It may also be in direct contact with the underlying underground water.
The majority of fresh water on Earth is in ice caps.
Sources[edit]
The source of almost all fresh water is precipitation from the atmosphere, in the form of mist, rain and snow. Fresh water falling as mist, rain or snow contains materials dissolved from the atmosphere and material from the sea and land over which the rain bearing clouds have traveled. In industrialized areas rain is typically acidic because of dissolved oxides of sulfur and nitrogen formed from burning of fossil fuels in cars, factories, trains and aircraft and from the atmospheric emissions of industry. In some cases this acid rain results in pollution of lakes and rivers.
In coastal areas fresh water may contain significant concentrations of salts derived from the sea if windy conditions have lifted drops of seawater into the rain-bearing clouds. This can give rise to elevated concentrations of sodium, chloride, magnesium and sulfate as well as many other compounds in smaller concentrations.
In desert areas, or areas with impoverished or dusty soils, rain-bearing winds can pick up sand and dust and this can be deposited elsewhere in precipitation and causing the freshwater flow to be measurably contaminated both by insoluble solids but also by the soluble components of those soils. Significant quantities of iron may be transported in this way including the well-documented transfer of iron-rich rainfall falling in Brazil derived from sand-storms in the Sahara in north Africa.
Water distribution[edit]
Main article: Water distribution on Earth
Visualisation of the distribution (by volume) of water on Earth. Each tiny cube (such as the one representing biological water) corresponds to approximately 1000 cubic km of water, with a mass of approximately 1 trillion tonnes (200000 times that of the Great Pyramid of Giza or 5 times that of Lake Kariba, arguably the heaviest man-made object). The entire block comprises 1 million tiny cubes.[1]
Water is a critical issue for the survival of all living organisms. Some can use salt water but many organisms including the great majority of higher plants and most mammals must have access to fresh water to live. Some terrestrial mammals, especially desert rodents appear to survive without drinking but they do generate water through the metabolism of cereal seeds and they also have mechanisms to conserve water to the maximum degree.
Out of all the water on Earth, saline water in oceans, seas and saline groundwater make up about 97% of it. Only 2.5–2.75% is fresh water, including 1.75–2% frozen in glaciers, ice and snow, 0.5–0.75% as fresh groundwater and soil moisture, and less than 0.01% of it as surface water in lakes, swamps and rivers.[2][3] Freshwater lakes contain about 87% of this fresh surface water, including 29% in the African Great Lakes, 22% in Lake Baikal in Russia, 21% in the North American Great Lakes, and 14% in other lakes. Swamps have most of the balance with only a small amount in rivers, most notably the Amazon River. The atmosphere contains 0.04% water.[4] In areas with no fresh water on the ground surface, fresh water derived from precipitation may, because of its lower density, overlie saline ground water in lenses or layers. Most of the world's fresh water is frozen in ice sheets. Many areas suffer from lack of distribution of fresh water, such as deserts.
Numerical definition[edit]
Fresh water can be defined as water with less than 500 parts per million (ppm) of dissolved salts.[5]
Part of a series on
Water salinity
Salinity levels
Fresh water (< 0.05%)
Brackish water (0.05–3%)
Saline water (3–5%)
Brine (> 5%)
Bodies of water
Seawater • Salt lake • Hypersaline lake • Salt pan • Brine pool • Bodies by salinity
v
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Other sources give higher upper salinity limits for fresh water, e.g. 1000 ppm[6] or 3000 ppm.[7]
Aquatic organisms[edit]
Fresh water creates a hypotonic environment for aquatic organisms. This is problematic for some organisms with pervious skins or with gill membranes, whose cell membranes may burst if excess water is not excreted. Some protists accomplish this using contractile vacuoles, while freshwater fish excrete excess water via the kidney.[8] Although most aquatic organisms have a limited ability to regulate their osmotic balance and therefore can only live within a narrow range of salinity, diadromous fish have the ability to migrate between fresh water and saline water bodies. During these migrations they undergo changes to adapt to the surroundings of the changed salinities; these processes are hormonally controlled. The eel (Anguilla anguilla) uses the hormone prolactin,[9] while in salmon (Salmo salar) the hormone cortisol plays a key role during this process.[10]
Many sea birds have special glands at the base of the bill through which excess salt is excreted. Similarly the marine iguanas on the Galápagos Islands excrete excess salt through a nasal gland and they sneeze out a very salty excretion.
Freshwater molluscs include freshwater snails and freshwater bivalves. Freshwater crustaceans include freshwater crabs, and others.
Fresh water as a resource[edit]
Water fountain found in a small Swiss village. They are used as a drinking water source for people and cattle. Almost every Alpine village has such a water source.
An important concern for hydrological ecosystems is securing minimum streamflow, especially preserving and restoring instream water allocations.[11] Fresh water is an important natural resource necessary for the survival of all ecosystems. The use of water by humans for activities such as irrigation and industrial applications can have adverse impacts on down-stream ecosystems. Chemical contamination of fresh water can also seriously damage eco-systems.
Pollution from human activity, including oil spills and also presents a problem for freshwater resources. The largest petroleum spill that has ever occurred in fresh water was caused by a Royal Dutch Shell tank ship in Magdalena, Argentina, on 15 January 1999, polluting the environment, drinkable water, plants and animals.[12]
Fresh and unpolluted water accounts for 0.003% of total water available globally.[13]
Agriculture[edit]
Changing landscape for the use of agriculture has a great effect on the flow of fresh water. Changes in landscape by the removal of trees and soils changes the flow of fresh water in the local environment and also affects the cycle of fresh water. As a result, more fresh water is stored in the soil which benefits agriculture. However, since agriculture is the human activity that consumes the most fresh water,[14] this can put a severe strain on local freshwater resources resulting in the destruction of local ecosystems.
In Australia, over-abstraction of fresh water for intensive irrigation activities has caused 33% of the land area to be at risk of salination.[14] With regards to agriculture, the World Bank targets food production and water management as an increasingly global issue that will foster debate.[15]
Limited resource[edit]
Fresh water is a renewable and variable, but finite natural resource. Fresh water can only be replenished through the process of the water cycle, in which water from seas, lakes, forests, land, rivers, and reservoirs evaporates, forms clouds, and returns as precipitation. Locally however, if more fresh water is consumed through human activities than is naturally restored, this may result in reduced fresh water availability from surface and underground sources and can cause serious damage to surrounding and associated environments.
Fresh water withdrawal[edit]
Fresh water withdrawal is the quantity of water removed from available sources for use in any purpose, excluding evaporation losses. Water drawn off is not necessarily entirely consumed and some portion may be returned for further use downstream.
Causes of limited fresh water[edit]
The increase in the world population and the increase in per capita water use puts increasing strains on the finite resources avialability of clean fresh water The World Bank adds that the response by freshwater ecosystems to a changing climate can be described in terms of three interrelated components: water quality, water quantity or volume, and water timing. A change in one often leads to shifts in the others as well.[16] Water pollution and subsequent eutrophication also reduces the availability of fresh water.[17]
Fresh water in the future[edit]
Many areas of the world are already experiencing stress on water availability. Due to the accelerated pace of population growth and an increase in the amount of water a single person uses, it is expected that this situation will continue to get worse. A shortage of water in the future would be detrimental to the human population as it would affect everything from sanitation, to overall health and the production of grain.[18]
Choices in the use of fresh water[edit]
With one in eight people in the world not having access to safe water[19] it is important to use this resource in a prudent manner. Making the best use of water on a local basis probably provides the best solution. Local communities need to plan their use of fresh water and should be made aware of how certain crops and animals use water.
As a guide the following tables provide some indicators.
Table 1 Recommended basic water requirements for human needs (per person) [20]
Activity
Minimum, litres / day
Range / day
Drinking Water 5 2–5
Sanitation Services 20 20–75
Bathing 15 5–70
Cooking and Kitchen 10 10–50
Table 2. Water Requirements of different classes of livestock [21]
Animal
Average / day
Range / day
Dairy cow 76 L (20 US gal) 57 to 95 L (15 to 25 US gal)
Cow-calf pair 57 L (15 US gal) 8 to 76 L (2 to 20 US gal)
Yearling cattle 38 L (10 US gal) 23 to 53 L (6 to 14 US gal)
Horse 38 L (10 US gal) 30 to 53 L (8 to 14 US gal)
Sheep 8 L (2 US gal) 8 to 11 L (2 to 3 US gal)
Table 3 Approximate values of seasonal crop water needs [22]
Crop
Crop water needs mm / total growing period
Sugar Cane 1500–2500
Banana 1200–2200
Citrus 900–1200
Potato 500–700
Tomato 400–800
Barley/Oats/Wheat 450–650
Cabbage 350–500
Onions 350–550
Pea 350–500
See also[edit]
African Great Lakes
Aral Sea
Desalination
Drought
Freshwater ecology
Limnology
List of countries by freshwater withdrawal
List of countries by total renewable water resources
Properties of water
Water crisis
Water cycle
References[edit]
Jump up ^ USGS – Earth's water distribution Archived 29 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine.. Ga.water.usgs.gov (11 December 2012). Retrieved on 29 December 2012.
Jump up ^ Where is Earth's water? Archived 14 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine., United States Geological Survey.
Jump up ^ Physicalgeography.net Archived 26 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine.. Physicalgeography.net. Retrieved on 29 December 2012.
Jump up ^ Gleick, Peter; et al. (1996). Stephen H. Schneider, ed. Encyclopedia of Climate and Weather. Oxford University Press.
Jump up ^ "Groundwater Glossary". 27 March 2006. Archived from the original on 28 April 2006. Retrieved 14 May 2006.
Jump up ^ "Freshwater". Glossary of Meteorology. American Meteorological Society. June 2000. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2009.
Jump up ^ "Freshwater". Fishkeeping glossary. Practical Fishkeeping. Archived from the original on 11 May 2006. Retrieved 27 November 2009.
Jump up ^ "Vertebrate Kidneys". 3 November 2002. Archived from the original on 29 April 2006. Retrieved 14 May 2006.
Jump up ^ Kalujnaia, S.; et. al. (2007). "Salinity adaptation and gene profiling analysis in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) using microarray technology". Gen Comp Endocrinol. National Center for Biotechnology Information. 152 (2007): 274–80. doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.12.025. PMID 17324422.
Jump up ^ Bisal, G.A.; Specker, J.L. (24 January 2006). "Cortisol stimulates hypo-osmoregulatory ability in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L". Journal of Fish Biology. Wiley. 39 (3): 421–432. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb04373.x.
Jump up ^ Peter Gleick; Heather Cooley; David Katz (2006). The world's water, 2006–2007: the biennial report on freshwater resources. Island Press. pp. 29–31. ISBN 1-59726-106-8. Retrieved 12 September 2009.
Jump up ^ Petroleomagdalena.com Archived 14 May 2010 at the Wayback Machine.. Petroleomagdalena.com (15 January 1999). Retrieved on 29 December 2012.
Jump up ^ Nitti, Gianfranco (May 2011). "Water is not an infinite resource and the world is thirsty". The Italian Insider. Rome. p. 8.
^ Jump up to: a b Gordon L., D. M. (2003). "Land cover change and water vapour flows: learning from Australia". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 358 (1440): 1973–1984. doi:10.1098/rstb.2003.1381. JSTOR 3558315. PMC 1693281  . PMID 14728792.
Jump up ^ Reengaging in Agricultural Water Management: Challenges and Options, The World Bank, pp. 4–5, archived from the original on 5 January 2012, retrieved 30 October 2011
Jump up ^ The World Bank, 2009 "Water and Climate Change: Understanding the Risks and Making Climate-Smart Investment Decisions". pp. 19–22. Archived from the original on 7 April 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Nutrients in fresh water"[permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "Fresh Water in the Future" Archived 30 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine.. Un.org (17 December 2010). Retrieved on 29 December 2012.
Jump up ^ Water Aid. "Water". Retrieved 17 March 2012.
Jump up ^ Gleick, Peter. "Basic Water Requirements for Human Activities" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
Jump up ^ Filley, S. "How much does a cow need ?" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 May 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
Jump up ^ Natural Resource Management and Environmental Dept. "Crops Need Water". Archived from the original on 16 January 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Freshwater.
The World Bank's work and publications on water resources
U.S. Geological Survey
Fresh Water National Geographic
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text:
The Pale Horse and His Rider
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"The Pale Horse and His Rider"
Single by Hank Williams & Audrey Williams
A-side
"A Home in Heaven"
Released
1956
Recorded
23 March 1951, Castle Studio, Nashville
Genre
Country, Gospel
Length
2:55
Label
MGM
Songwriter(s)
Ervin Staggs, Johnnie Bailes, Z. Clements, M.D. Wright
Producer(s)
Fred Rose
"The Pale Horse and His Rider" is a hymn written by Ervin Staggs, Johnnie Bailes, Z. Clements, and M.D. Wright. It was recorded in 1951 as a duet by Hank Williams and his wife Audrey Williams and released as a single by MGM Records in 1956 as the B-side to "A Home in Heaven. It is likely that Williams learned the song from its co-writer Johnny Bailes when he worked with the Bailes Brothers in Shreveport in 1948 and 1949, but the song dated back to 1939 when Bailes was working with Molly O'Day and Ervin Staggs at WCHS in Charleston, West Virginia.[1][full citation needed] Hank and Audrey were backed on the session by Jerry Rivers (fiddle), Don Helms (steel guitar), Sammy Pruett (electric guitar), Jack Shook (rhythm guitar), and Howard Watts or Ernie Newton (bass).[2][full citation needed]
Discography[edit]
Main article: Hank Williams discography
See also: List of songs written by Hank Williams
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Escott, Colin 2004, p. 165.
Jump up ^ Escott, Colin 2004, p. 345.
hide
v
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e
Hank Williams
Discography
Songs
Albums
Hank Williams Sings
Hank Williams on Stage
Three Hanks: Men with Broken Hearts
The Complete Hank Williams
Memorial Album
Songs
"Move It On Over"
"Honky Tonkin'"
"I Saw the Light"
"Lovesick Blues"
"Mind Your Own Business"
"Lost Highway"
"My Bucket's Got a Hole in It"
"I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry"
"Long Gone Lonesome Blues"
"Why Don't You Love Me"
"Cold, Cold Heart"
"Hey, Good Lookin'"
"Honky Tonk Blues"
"Half as Much"
"Jambalaya (On the Bayou)"
"You Win Again"
"I'll Never Get Out of This World Alive"
"Kaw-Liga"
"Your Cheatin' Heart"
"Take These Chains from My Heart"
"The Blues Come Around"
"Six More Miles (To the Graveyard)"
"I'm Satisfied with You"
"The Pale Horse and His Rider"
Family
Hank Williams Jr.
Jett Williams
Hank Williams III
Holly Williams
Related articles
Death of Hank Williams
List of tributes to Hank Williams
Drifting Cowboys
Sterling Records
MGM Records
Grand Ole Opry
The Lost Notebooks of Hank Williams
The Garden Spot Programs, 1950
Rufus Payne
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Pale_Horse_and_His_Rider&oldid=702119152"
Categories:
Hank Williams songs
1939 songs
Song recordings produced by Fred Rose (songwriter)
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This page was last edited on 28 January 2016, at 15:39 (UTC).
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