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2018 College Football Playoff National Championship
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2018 College Football Playoff National Championship
Alabama Crimson Tide Georgia Bulldogs
(12–1) (13–1)
SEC SEC
26 23
Head coach:
Nick Saban Head coach:
Kirby Smart
AP Coaches CFP
4 4 4
AP Coaches CFP
3 3 3
1
2
3
4
OT
Total
Alabama 0 0 10 10 6 26
Georgia 0 13 7 0 3 23
Date
January 8, 2018
Season
2017
Stadium
Mercedes-Benz Stadium
Location
Atlanta, Georgia
MVP
Offensive: #13 QB Tua Tagovailoa, Fr. Alabama
Defensive: #94 DT Daron Payne, Jr. Alabama
Favorite
Alabama by 3.5
National anthem
Zac Brown Band
Referee
Dan Capron (Big Ten)[1]
Halftime show
Georgia Redcoat Marching Band
Million Dollar Band
Attendance
77,430
United States TV coverage
Network
ESPN/ESPN Radio/ESPN Deportes
Announcers
Chris Fowler, Kirk Herbstreit, Maria Taylor and Tom Rinaldi (ESPN)
Sean McDonough, Todd Blackledge, Holly Rowe and Ian Fitzsimmons (ESPN Radio)
College Football Playoff National Championship
< 2017 2019 >
The 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship was a college football bowl game that determined the national champion in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision for the 2017 season. The Alabama Crimson Tide defeated the Georgia Bulldogs 26–23 in overtime. Alabama came back from a 13–0 deficit at halftime to secure the win in overtime. True freshman quarterback Tua Tagovailoa and defensive tackle Daron Payne were respectively named the offensive and defensive players of the game.
The College Football Playoff selection committee chose the semifinalists following the conclusion of the 2017 regular season. Alabama and Georgia advanced to the national championship after winning the semifinal games hosted by the Sugar Bowl and Rose Bowl Game respectively in January 2018. The championship game was played at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta on January 8, 2018.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 2018 College Football Playoff
3 Teams
3.1 Alabama
3.2 Georgia
4 Starting lineups
5 Game summary
5.1 Scoring summary
5.2 Statistics
6 Broadcasting
7 Dispute
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Background[edit]
The 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship took place at Mercedes-Benz Stadium
The Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia was announced as the host site for the fourth College Football National Championship on November 4, 2015.[2]
2018 College Football Playoff[edit]
Semifinals Championship
January 1 – Sugar Bowl
Mercedes-Benz Superdome, New Orleans
1 Clemson 6
4 Alabama 24 January 8 – National Championship
Mercedes-Benz Stadium, Atlanta
4 Alabama (OT) 26
January 1 – Rose Bowl
Rose Bowl, Pasadena 3 Georgia 23
2 Oklahoma 48
3 Georgia (2OT) 54
This bracket:
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The College Football Playoff (CFP) selected four teams to advance to the playoff: the Clemson Tigers, Oklahoma Sooners, Georgia Bulldogs, and Alabama Crimson Tide.[3]
Teams[edit]
Alabama[edit]
See also: 2017 Alabama Crimson Tide football team
The Alabama Crimson Tide defeated the Clemson Tigers in the 2018 Sugar Bowl by a score of 24–6 to reach the championship game. The Tide had a 12–1 season, becoming the SEC West Division co-champions with the Auburn Tigers. The Crimson Tide were coached by Nick Saban.[4]
Georgia[edit]
See also: 2017 Georgia Bulldogs football team
The Georgia Bulldogs defeated the Oklahoma Sooners in the 2018 Rose Bowl by a score of 54–48 in double overtime to reach the championship game. The Bulldogs had a 13–1 season claiming their 13th Southeastern Conference (SEC) championship with a win over Auburn Tigers, 28–7. The Bulldogs were coached by Kirby Smart.[5]
Starting lineups[edit]
[6][7]
Selected in an NFL Draft (number corresponds to draft round)
† = 2017 All-American
Alabama
Position
Georgia
Offense
Calvin Ridley 1 WR Javon Wims 7
Cam Simms WR Riley Ridley
Jonah Williams LT Isaiah Wynn 1
Ross Pierschbacher LG Kendall Baker
Bradley Bozeman 6 C Lamont Gaillard
J.C Hassenauer RG Ben Cleveland
Jonah Williams RT Andrew Thomas
Hale Hentges TE RB Sony Michel 1
Robert Foster WR Terry Godwin
Jalen Hurts QB Jake Fromm
Damien Harris RB Nick Chubb 2
Defense
Da'Shawn Hand 4 DE Tyler Clark
Daron Payne 1 NG John Atkins
Isaiah Buggs DE David Marshall
Terrell Lewis JLB Davin Bellamy
Rashaan Evans 1 MLB Reggie Carter
Mack Wilson WLB † Roquan Smith 1
† Minkah Fitzpatrick 1 CB SLB Deandre Baker
Anthony Averett 4 CB Malkom Parrish
Levi Wallace CB Aaron Davis
Deionte Thompson SS Dominick Sanders
Ronnie Harrison 3 FS J.R Reed
Game summary[edit]
After winning the coin toss, Alabama deferred to the second half and Georgia received the ball to begin the game. After two plays, quarterback Jake Fromm attempted a pass downfield and was intercepted by Tony Brown. Alabama began their first drive of the game, and, after eleven plays, that drive ended with kicker Andy Pappanastos missing a 40-yard field goal. The teams each had three-and-outs for the game's first two punts. During Georgia's ensuing drive, the quarter ended, with no score.[8]
After a failed third down conversion, on the second play of the second quarter, Georgia kicker Rodrigo Blankenship hit a 41-yard field goal to open the scoring and put Georgia in the lead by three. Alabama's ensuing drive went nowhere, as they gained four yards on three plays and punted. Georgia took the ball and drove down the field, and found themselves with a first and goal at the Alabama 10-yard-line; the Tide defense held, however, and the Bulldogs settled for a second field goal and took a 6–0 lead with just over seven and a half minutes until half. On Alabama's next drive, the Georgia defense held yet again and Alabama's JK Scott punted for the third time. Just prior to the punt, Georgia wide receiver Javon Wims was shown walking to the locker room, reportedly with a left shoulder injury. Both defenses then forced punts, and Georgia took back over with 1:19 remaining in the half on their own 31-yard-line. Nine plays later, on Alabama's 1-yard-line, Mecole Hardman took a direct snap, faked a handoff, and ran into the end zone for the game's first touchdown, putting Georgia up 13–0 going into halftime.[8]
Because they deferred the coin toss, Alabama received the ball first in the second half. They started their drive on their own 22-yard-line. Tua Tagovailoa, Alabama's backup quarterback, started the second half for the Tide; that drive quickly resulted in a three-and-out. The initial punt was blocked, but an offside call gave the Tide another chance to punt. Georgia started their drive on their own 36-yard-line, but punted on 4th & 17. Alabama took over on their own 44-yard-line.[8] The teams then traded touchdowns on consecutive drives; Alabama scored their first points of the game on a 6-yard pass from Tagovailoa to Ruggs, but Georgia immediately responded with an 80-yard touchdown connection from Fromm to Mecole Hardman, putting Georgia up 20–7. On the second play of Alabama's ensuing drive, Tagovailoa, while scrambling to the left, threw into traffic and was intercepted by Georgia's Deandre Baker. Up 13, the Bulldogs took over possession of the ball on Alabama's 39-yard-line. The Tide defense responded immediately, however, as Raekwon Davis intercepted a Jake Fromm pass on the first play of Georgia's drive, returning the pick to the UGA 40-yard-line. The Tide gained fifteen yards on six plays and kicker Andy Pappanastos avenged his earlier miss with a 43-yard field goal that put Bama within ten. The teams then traded punts. Just prior to Alabama's punt, it was announced that an Alabama defensive back, Kyriq McDonald, had collapsed on the sideline; the situation was described as a "serious medical emergency". He was loaded onto a medical stretcher awake and conscious. Georgia could not muster anything on offense that drive, and punted. The fourth quarter saw Tagovailoa lead the Tide to come back and tie the game at 20 with 3:49. With three seconds remaining in the game, Andy Pappanastos missed a potential game-winning 36-yard field goal to the left, sending the game to overtime.[8]
In overtime, Georgia scored on a 51-yard field goal. On Alabama's first offensive play in overtime, Tagovailoa was sacked for a 16-yard loss, but immediately followed that with a game-winning 41-yard touchdown pass to DeVonta Smith.[8] Tagovailoa was named the offensive player of the game, and Daron Payne was named the defensive player of the game.[9]
Scoring summary[edit]
hideScoring summary
Quarter
Time
Drive
Team
Scoring information
Score
Plays
Yards
TOP
Alabama
Georgia
2 14:14 14 55 7:40 Georgia 41-yard field goal by Rodrigo Blankenship 0 3
2 7:33 13 70 5:19 Georgia 27-yard field goal by Rodrigo Blankenship 0 6
2 0:07 9 69 1:12 Georgia Mecole Hardman 1-yard touchdown run, Rodrigo Blankenship kick good 0 13
3 8:52 7 56 1:59 Alabama Henry Ruggs III 6-yard touchdown reception from Tua Tagovailoa, Andy Pappanastos kick good 7 13
3 6:52 4 93 1:55 Georgia Mecole Hardman 80-yard touchdown reception from Jake Fromm, Rodrigo Blankenship kick good 7 20
3 5:20 6 15 1:06 Alabama 43-yard field goal by Andy Pappanastos 10 20
4 9:24 8 71 2:15 Alabama 30-yard field goal by Andy Pappanastos 13 20
4 3:49 8 66 3:21 Alabama Calvin Ridley 7-yard touchdown reception from Tua Tagovailoa, Andy Pappanastos kick good 20 20
OT 4 -9 Georgia 51-yard field goal by Rodrigo Blankenship 20 23
OT 2 25 Alabama DeVonta Smith 41-yard touchdown reception from Tua Tagovailoa 26 23
"TOP" = time of possession. For other American football terms, see Glossary of American football.
26
23
Statistics[edit]
1
2
3
4
OT
Total
No. 4 Crimson Tide 0 0 10 10 6 26
No. 3 Bulldogs 0 13 7 0 3 23
Statistics
Alabama
Georgia
First downs 20 22
Plays–yards 71–371 77–365
Rushes–yards 39–184 45–133
Passing yards 187 232
Passing: Comp–Att–Int 17–32–1 16–32–2
Time of possession 26:17 33:43
Sources: ESPN, StatBroadcast
Team
Category
Player
Statistics
Alabama Passing Tua Tagovailoa 14/24, 166 yds, 3 TD, 1 INT
Rushing Najee Harris 6 car, 64 yds
Receiving Calvin Ridley 4 rec, 32 yds, 1 TD
Georgia Passing Jake Fromm 16/32, 232 yds, 1 TD, 2 INT
Rushing Sony Michel 14 car, 98 yds
Receiving Riley Ridley 6 rec, 82 yds
Sources: ESPN, StatBroadcast
Broadcasting[edit]
The game was televised nationally by ESPN. On January 8, 2018, the network announced that its broadcast would feature a live performance by Kendrick Lamar during halftime. This performance was separate from the event proper at Mercedes-Benz Stadium (which featured a traditional halftime show with the marching bands of the participating teams), and originated from Centennial Olympic Park.[10]
Dispute[edit]
Following an undefeated season in the American Athletic Conference and their victory over the Auburn Tigers in the 2018 Peach Bowl, the UCF Knights claimed the national championship by virtue of being the only undefeated team in the FBS level of college football.[11] [3] UCF held a victory parade at Disney World[12] and hung a national championship banner at their stadium to celebrate this achievement.[13] The school also paid national championship bonuses to all of its assistant coaches, many of whom left UCF after the Peach Bowl to follow head coach Scott Frost to his new head coaching job at Nebraska; Frost himself (who coached UCF in the game) did not receive such a bonus because he had already been paid all of the bonuses allowed by his UCF contract.[14]
The selection committee controversially ranked undefeated UCF 12th at the end of the regular season, below a number of two-loss teams from the Power Five conferences, which left them out of the CFP. The AP Poll ranked Alabama No. 1 in its final poll, receiving 57 first-place votes, while UCF was ranked No. 6 and received four first-place votes — the first time in the CFP era that the AP poll did not have a unanimous No. 1 team.[15] Additionally, the Knights finished the 2017 football season as the No. 1 team in the Colley Bias Free Matrix Rankings. The Colley Matrix is recognized by the NCAA in its list of “national champion major selections.” [16]
See also[edit]
College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Kirshner, Alex (January 8, 2018). "A Big Ten officiating crew is working the all-SEC National Championship". sbnation.com. SB Nation. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ Alex Scarbrough (November 4, 2015). "Atlanta, Santa Clara and New Orleans land CFP title games for 2018–20". ESPN.com. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Selection Committee Rankings: Final Top 25 Rankings" (PDF). College Football Playoff. December 3, 2017. Retrieved December 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Alabama's Sugar Bowl win against Clemson sets up all-SEC final: Final score, stats, analysis". nola.com. January 1, 2018. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ Emerson, Seth (January 1, 2018). "Georgia to play for national championship after Rose Bowl win in 2 OT". ajc.com. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ https://rolltide.com/documents/2017/9/2/Alabama_Football_Season_Stats_9_2_17.pdf
Jump up ^ http://georgiadogs.com/sports/2017/6/16/football-media-guides.aspx 2018 Spring Media Guide
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Hoffman, Benjamin; Drape, Joe; Tracy, Marc (January 8, 2018). "National Championship Game: Georgia vs. Alabama Live Score". The New York Times. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ Perez, A.J. (January 9, 2018). "CFP players of the game: Alabama's Tua Tagovailoa and Daron Payne". USA Today. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Kendrick Lamar to Perform at College Football Playoff Title Game". Billboard. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Baker, Matt (January 3, 2018). "UCF is really claiming a national championship". tampabay.com. Retrieved January 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ Rollins, Khadrice (January 2, 2018). "UCF Is Having a Parade at Disney World for National Championship Caliber Season". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Gartland, Dan (January 3, 2018). "UCF Is Hanging a National Championship Banner at Its Stadium". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Chavez, Chris (January 3, 2018). "UCF AD Says Coaches Will Be Paid National Championship Bonuses". SI.com. Retrieved January 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Alabama is No. 1 in final AP poll for 11th time; UCF 6th". Msn.com. January 9, 2018. Retrieved January 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ Roger Simmons (January 9, 2018). "National champions: UCF Knights finish season ranked No. 1 in Colley Matrix". orlandosentinel.com. Retrieved February 14, 2018.
External links[edit]
Media related to 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship at Wikimedia Commons
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Google Glass
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Not to be confused with Google Goggles.
Glass
Google Glass Explorer Edition
Also known as
Project Glass
Developer
Google
Manufacturer
Foxconn
Type
Optical head-mounted display (OHMD), Wearable technology
Release date
Developers (US): February 2013 (February 2013)[1]
Public (US): Around 2013[2]
Introductory price
Explorer version: $1,500 USD
Standard edition:[3]
Operating system
Glass OS[4] (Google Xe Software[5])
CPU
OMAP 4430 System on a chip, dual-core processor[6]
Memory
2 GB RAM[7]
Storage
16 GB flash memory total[6] (12 GB of usable memory)[8]
Display
Prism projector, 640×360 pixels (equivalent of a 25 in/64 cm screen from 8 ft/2.4 m away)
Sound
Bone conduction transducer[8]
Input
Voice command through microphone,[8] accelerometer,[8] gyroscope,[8] magnetometer,[8] ambient light sensor, proximity sensor
Controller input
Touchpad, MyGlass phone mobile app
Camera
5 Megapixel photos
720p video[8]
Connectivity
Wi-Fi 802.11b/g,[8] Bluetooth,[8] micro USB
Power
570 mAh Internal lithium-ion battery
Weight
36 g (1.27oz)
Backward
compatibility
Any Bluetooth-capable phone; MyGlass companion app requires Android 4.0.3 (Ice Cream Sandwich) or higher or any iOS 7.0 or higher[8]
Related articles
Oculus Rift
Website
x.company/glass/
Google Glass is an optical head-mounted display designed in the shape of a pair of eyeglasses. It was developed by X (previously Google X)[9] with the mission of producing a ubiquitous computer.[1] Google Glass displayed information in a smartphone-like hands-free format.[10] Wearers communicated with the Internet via natural language voice commands.[11][12] Google started selling a prototype of Google Glass to qualified "Glass Explorers" in the US on April 15, 2013, for a limited period for $1,500, before it became available to the public[citation needed] on May 15, 2014.[13] It also had a camera attached to it.
The headset originally received a great deal of criticism and legislative action due to privacy and safety concerns. On January 15, 2015, Google announced that it would stop producing the Google Glass prototype, to be continued in 2017 tentatively.[citation needed] In July 2017, it was announced that the Google Glass Enterprise Edition would be released.[14]
Contents
[hide]
1 Development
1.1 Release date
2 Features
3 Software
3.1 Applications
3.2 MyGlass
3.3 Voice activation
4 Uses
4.1 Healthcare applications
4.2 Journalism and mass media applications
4.3 Military
4.4 Sport
5 Criticism
5.1 Privacy concerns
5.2 Safety considerations
5.3 Terms of service
6 Technical specifications
7 See also
8 References
9 Additional reading
10 External links
Development[edit]
Google Glass was developed by Google X,[15] the facility within Google devoted to technological advancements such as driverless cars.[16]
The Google Glass prototype resembled standard eyeglasses with the lens replaced by a head-up display.[17] In mid-2011, Google engineered a prototype that weighed 8 pounds (3.6 kg);[18] by 2013 they were lighter than the average pair of sunglasses.[1]
In April 2013, the Explorer Edition was made available to Google I/O developers in the United States for $1,500.[19]
A Glass prototype seen at Google I/O in June 2012
The product was publicly announced in April 2012.[20] Sergey Brin wore a prototype of the Glass to an April 5, 2012, Foundation Fighting Blindness event in San Francisco.[21][22] In May 2012, Google demonstrated for the first time how Google Glass could be used to shoot videos.[23]
Google provided four prescription frame choices for $225 and free with the purchase of any new Glass unit. Google entered in a partnership with the Italian eyewear company Luxottica, owners of the Ray-Ban, Oakley, and other brands, to offer additional frame designs.[24] In June 2014, Nepal government adopted Google Glass for tackling poachers of wild animals and herbs of Chitwan International Park and other parks listed under World heritage sites. In January 2015, Google ended the beta period of Glass (the "Google Glass Explorer" program).[25][26]
Release date[edit]
In early 2013, interested potential Glass users were invited to use a Twitter message, with hashtag #IfIHadGlass, to qualify as an early user of the product. The qualifiers, dubbed "Glass Explorers" and numbering 8,000 individuals, were notified in March 2013, and were later invited to pay $1,500 and visit a Google office in Los Angeles, New York or San Francisco, to pick up their unit following "fitting" and training from Google Glass guides. On May 13, 2014, Google announced a move to a "more open beta", via its Google Plus page.[27]
In February 2015, The New York Times reported that Google Glass was being redesigned by former Apple executive Tony Fadell, and that it would not be released until he deemed it to be "perfect".[28]
In July 2017 it was announced that the second iteration, the Google Glass Enterprise Edition, would be released in the US for companies such as Boeing.[14]
Features[edit]
Google Glass can be controlled using the touchpad built into the side of the device
Touchpad: A touchpad is located on the side of Google Glass, allowing users to control the device by swiping through a timeline-like interface displayed on the screen.[29] Sliding backward shows current events, such as weather, and sliding forward shows past events, such as phone calls, photos, circle updates, etc.
Camera: Google Glass has the ability to take photos and record 720p HD video.[30]
Display: The Explorer version of Google Glass uses a liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS)(based on an LCoS chip from Himax), field-sequential color system, LED illuminated display.[31] The display's LED illumination is first P-polarized and then shines through the in-coupling polarizing beam splitter (PBS) to the LCoS panel. The panel reflects the light and alters it to S-polarization at active pixel sensor sites. The in-coupling PBS then reflects the S-polarized areas of light at 45° through the out-coupling beam splitter to a collimating reflector at the other end. Finally, the out-coupling beam splitter (which is a partially reflecting mirror, not a polarizing beam splitter) reflects the collimated light another 45° and into the wearer's eye.[32][33][34]
Software[edit]
A Google Glass with black frame for prescription lens.
Main article: Glass OS
Applications[edit]
Google Glass applications are free applications built by third-party developers. Glass also uses many existing Google applications, such as Google Now, Google Maps, Google+, and Gmail. Many developers and companies have built applications for Glass, including news apps, facial recognition, exercise, photo manipulation, translation, and sharing to social networks, such as Facebook and Twitter.[35][36][37] Third-party applications announced at South by Southwest (SXSW) include Evernote, Skitch, The New York Times, and Path.[38]
On March 23, 2013, Google released the Mirror API, allowing developers to start making apps for Glass.[39][40] In the terms of service, it was stated that developers may not put ads in their apps or charge fees;[41] a Google representative told The Verge that this might change in the future.[42]
On May 16, 2013, Google announced the release of seven new programs, including reminders from Evernote, fashion news from Elle, and news alerts from CNN.[43] Following Google's XE7 Glass Explorer Edition update in early July 2013, evidence of a "Glass Boutique", a store that will allow synchronization to Glass of Glassware and APKs, was noted.[44]
Version XE8 made a debut for Google Glass on August 12, 2013. It brings an integrated video player with playback controls, the ability to post an update to Path, and lets users save notes to Evernote. Several other minute improvements include volume controls, improved voice recognition, and several new Google Now cards.
On November 19, 2013, Google unveiled its Glass Development Kit, showcasing a translation tool Word Lens, a cooking program AllTheCooks, and an exercise program Strava among others as successful examples.[45][46] Google announced three news programs in May 2014 – TripIt, FourSquare and OpenTable – in order to entice travelers. On June 25, 2014, Google announced that notifications from Android Wear would be sent to Glass.[47]
The European University Press published the first book to be read with Google Glass on October 8, 2014, as introduced at the Frankfurt Book Fair. The book can be read as a normal paper book or – enriched with multimedia elements – with Google Glass, Kindle, on Smartphone and Pads on the platforms iOS and Android.[48]
MyGlass[edit]
Google offers a companion Android and iOS app called MyGlass, which allows the user to configure and manage the device.[49]
Voice activation[edit]
Other than the touchpad, Google Glass can be controlled using just "voice actions". To activate Glass, wearers tilt their heads 30° upward (which can be altered for preference) or simply tap the touchpad, and say "O.K., Glass." Once Glass is activated, wearers can say an action, such as "Take a picture", "Record a video", "Hangout with [person/Google+ circle]", "Google 'What year was Wikipedia founded?'", "Give me directions to the Eiffel Tower", and "Send a message to John"[50] (many of these commands can be seen in a product video released in February 2013).[51] For search results that are read back to the user, the voice response is relayed using bone conduction through a transducer that sits beside the ear, thereby rendering the sound almost inaudible to other people.[52]
Uses[edit]
Healthcare applications[edit]
Several proofs of concept for Google Glass have been proposed in healthcare.
Augmedix, a San Francisco-based documentation solutions company has been developing a "robust" application for the wearable device that allows physicians to live-stream the patient visit and claims it will eliminate the electronic health record (EHR) pain points, possibly saving them up to 15 hours a week[53] and improving the chart quality. The stream information is passed to remote scribes in HIPAA secure rooms where they document the doctor-patient interaction and allow physicians to focus on the patient by removing interruptive technologies. With hundreds of users,[54] Augmedix has become the largest Google Glass partner in the healthcare industry.[55]
Doctors Phil Haslam and Sebastian Mafeld demonstrated the first concepts for Google Glass in the field of interventional radiology. They demonstrated the manner in which the concept of Google Glass could assist a liver biopsy and fistulaplasty, and the pair stated that Google Glass has the potential to improve patient safety, operator comfort, and procedure efficiency in the field of interventional radiology.[56]
On June 20, 2013, Rafael J. Grossmann, a Venezuelan surgeon practicing in the U.S., was the first surgeon to ever demonstrate the use of Google Glass during a live surgical procedure.[57] In August 2013, Google Glass was also used at Wexner Medical Center at Ohio State University. Surgeon Dr. Christopher Kaeding used Google Glass to consult with a colleague in a distant part of Columbus, Ohio. A group of students at The Ohio State University College of Medicine also observed the operation on their laptop computers. Following the procedure, Kaeding stated, "To be honest, once we got into the surgery, I often forgot the device was there. It just seemed very intuitive and fit seamlessly."[58] On June 21, 2013, Spanish doctor Pedro Guillen, chief of trauma service of Clínica CEMTRO of Madrid, also broadcast a surgery through the use of Google Glass.[59]
In July 2013, Lucien Engelen commenced research on the usability and impact of Google Glass in the health care field. As of August 2013, Engelen, who is based at Singularity University and in Europe at Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, is the first healthcare professional in Europe to participate in the Glass Explorer program.[60] His research on Google Glass (starting August 9, 2013) was conducted in operating rooms, ambulances, a trauma helicopter, general practice, and home care as well as the use in public transportation for visually or physically impaired. Research contained making pictures, videos streaming to other locations dictating operative log, having students watch the procedures and tele-consultation through Hangout. Engelen documented his findings in blogs,[61] videos,[62] pictures, on Twitter,[63] and on Google+,[64] and his research is still ongoing.
Two participants in the Google Glass Breastfeeding app trial.
In Australia, during January 2014, Melbourne tech startup Small World Social collaborated with the Australian Breastfeeding Association to create the first hands-free breastfeeding Google Glass application for new mothers.[65] The application, named Google Glass Breastfeeding app trial, allows mothers to nurse their baby while viewing instructions about common breastfeeding issues (latching on, posture etc.) or call a lactation consultant via a secure Google Hangout, who can view the issue through the mother's Google Glass camera.[66] The trial was successfully concluded in Melbourne in April 2014, and 100% of participants were breastfeeding confidently.[67]
In June 2014, the use of Google Glass to acquire images of a patient's retina ("Glass Fundoscopy") was publicly demonstrated for the first time at the Wilmer Clinical Meeting at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine by Dr. Aaron Wang and Dr. Allen Eghrari.[68] This technique was featured on the cover of the Journal for Mobile Technology in Medicine as feature article for January 2015.[69]
In July 2014, the startup company Surgery Academy, in Milan, Italy, launched a remote training platform dedicated to medical students. The platform is a MOOC that allows students to join any operating theater thanks to Google Glass worn by surgeon.[70][71] Also in July 2014, This Place released an app, MindRDR, to connect Glass to a Neurosky EEG monitor to allow people to take photos and share them to Twitter or Facebook using brain signals. It is hoped this will allow people with severe physical disabilities to engage with social media.[72]
There are several groups who are developing Google Glass based technologies to help children with autism learn about emotion and facial expressions, the first of these technologies was developed by neurotechnology company Brain Power who have published the first academic paper on the use of Google Glass technology in children with autism[73].[74][75]
A visually impaired dancer, Benjamin Yonattan, utilized Google Glass technology to overcome limitations arising from a chronic vision condition. In 2015, Yonattan performed on the reality television program America's Got Talent.[76]
Journalism and mass media applications[edit]
In 2014, Voice of America Television Correspondent Carolyn Presutti and VOA Electronics Engineer Jose Vega began a web project called "VOA & Google Glass," which explored the technology's potential uses in journalism.[77] This series of news stories examined the technology's live reporting applications, including conducting interviews and covering stories from the reporter's point of view. On March 29, 2014, American a cappella group Pentatonix partnered with Voice of America when lead singer Scott Hoying wore Glass in the band's performance at DAR Constitution Hall in Washington, D.C., during the band's worldwide tour – the first use of Glass by a lead singer in a professional concert.[78]
In the fall of 2014, The University of Southern California conducted a course called "Glass Journalism," which explored the device's application in journalism.[79]
Military[edit]
The Nepalese Army currently uses Google Glass to track various animals and birds in the jungle, which marks the first military use of the device.[80]
Sport[edit]
In 2014, the International Olympic Committee Young Reporters programme took Google Glass to the Nanjing 2014 Youth Olympic Games and put them on a number of athletes from different disciplines to explore novel point of view filmmaking.
Criticism[edit]
Privacy concerns[edit]
Concerns have been raised by various sources regarding the intrusion of privacy, and the etiquette and ethics of using the device in public and recording people without their permission.[81][82][83] Google co-founder, Sergey Brin, claims that Glass could be seen as a way to become even more isolated in public, but the intent was quite the opposite: Brin views checking social media as a constant "nervous tic," which is why Glass can notify the user of important notifications and updates and does not obstruct the line of sight.[84]
Additionally, there is controversy that Google Glass would cause security problems and violate privacy rights.[85][86][87] Organizations like the FTC Fair Information Practice work to uphold privacy rights through Fair Information Practice Principles (FIPPS), which are guidelines representing concepts that concern fair information practice in an electronic marketplace.[88]
Privacy advocates are concerned that people wearing such eyewear may be able to identify strangers in public using facial recognition, or surreptitiously record and broadcast private conversations.[1] The "Find my Face" feature on Google+ functions to create a model of your face, and of people you know, in order to simplify tagging photos.[89] However, the only current app that can identify strangers is called MORIS (Mobile Offender Recognition and Identification System), and is a $3,000 iPhone app used by police officers.
Some companies in the U.S. have posted anti-Google Glass signs in their establishments.[90][91] In July 2013, prior to the official release of the product, Stephen Balaban, co-founder of software company Lambda Labs, circumvented Google’s facial recognition app block by building his own, non-Google-approved operating system. Balaban then installed face-scanning Glassware that creates a summary of commonalities shared by the scanned person and the Glass wearer, such as mutual friends and interests.[92] Also created was Winky, a program that allows a Google Glass user to take a photo with a wink of an eye, while Marc Rogers, a principal security researcher at Lookout, discovered that Glass can be hijacked if a user could be tricked into taking a picture of a malicious QR code, demonstrating the potential to be used as a weapon in cyberwarfare.[93]
Other concerns have been raised regarding legality of the Glass in a number of countries, particularly in Russia, Ukraine, and other post-Soviet countries. In February 2013, a Google+ user noticed legal issues with Glass and posted in the Glass Explorers community about the issues, stating that the device may be illegal to use according to the current legislation in Russia and Ukraine, which prohibits use of spy gadgets that can record video, audio or take photographs in an inconspicuous manner.[94]
Concerns were also raised in regard to the privacy and security of Glass users in the event that the device is stolen or lost, an issue that was raised by a US congressional committee. As part of its response to the committee, Google stated that a locking system for the device is in development. Google also reminded users that Glass can be remotely reset.[44] Police in various states have also warned Glass wearers to watch out for muggers and street robbers.[95]
Lisa A. Goldstein, a freelance journalist who was born deaf, tested the product on behalf of people with disabilities and published a review on August 6, 2013. In her review, Goldstein states that Google Glass does not accommodate hearing aids and is not suitable for people who cannot understand speech. Goldstein also explained the limited options for customer support, as telephone contact was her only means of communication.[96]
Several facilities have banned the use of Google Glass before its release to the general public, citing concerns over potential privacy-violating capabilities. Other facilities, such as Las Vegas casinos, banned Google Glass, citing their desire to comply with Nevada state law and common gaming regulations which ban the use of recording devices near gambling areas.[97] On October 29, 2014, the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) and the National Association of Theatre Owners (NATO) announced a ban on wearable technology including Google Glass, placing it under the same rules as mobile phones and video cameras.[98]
There have also been concerns over potential eye pain caused by users new to Glass.[99] These concerns were validated by Google's optometry advisor Dr. Eli Peli of Harvard, though he later partly backtracked due to the controversy which ensued from his remarks.[99][100][101]
Concerns have been raised by cyber forensics experts at the University of Massachusetts who have developed a way to steal smartphone and tablet passwords using Google Glass. The specialists developed a software program that uses Google Glass to track finger shadows as someone types in their password. Their program then converts the touchpoints into the keys they were touching, allowing them to catch the passcodes.[102]
Another concern regarding the camera application raises controversy to privacy. Some people are concerned about how the product has the capability of recording during events such as conversations. The device sets off a light to indicate that it is recording but many speculate that there will be an app to disable this.[103]
Safety considerations[edit]
Concerns have also been raised on operating motor vehicles while wearing the device. On July 31, 2013 it was reported that driving while wearing Google Glass was likely to be banned in the UK, being deemed careless driving, therefore a fixed penalty offense, following a decision by the Department for Transport.[104]
In the US, West Virginia state representative Gary G. Howell introduced an amendment in March 2013 to the state's law against texting while driving that would include bans against "using a wearable computer with head mounted display." In an interview, Howell stated, "The primary thing is a safety concern, it [the glass headset] could project text or video into your field of vision. I think there's a lot of potential for distraction."[105]
In October 2013, a driver in California was ticketed for "driving with monitor visible to driver (Google Glass)" after being pulled over for speeding by a San Diego Police Department officer. The driver was reportedly the first to be fined for driving while wearing a Google Glass.[106] While the judge noted that "Google Glass fell under 'the purview and intent' of the ban on driving with a monitor", the case was thrown out of court due to lack of proof the device was on at the time.[107]
In November 2014, Sawyer et al., from the University of Central Florida and the US Air Force Research Laboratory, published the results of comparative study in a driving simulator. Subjects were asked to use either Google Glass or a smartphone-based messaging interface and were then interrupted with an emergency event. The Glass-delivered messages served to moderate but did not eliminate distracting cognitive demands. A potential passive cost to drivers merely wearing the Glass was also observed. Messaging using either device impaired driving as compared to driving without multi-tasking.[108]
In February 2014, a woman wearing Google Glass claimed she was verbally and physically assaulted at a bar in San Francisco after a patron confronted her while she was showing off the device, allegedly leading a man accompanying her to physically retaliate. Witnesses suggested that patrons were upset over the possibly of being recorded.[109]
Terms of service[edit]
Under the Google Glass terms of service for the Glass Explorer pre-public release program, it specifically states, "You may not resell, loan, transfer, or give your device to any other person. If you resell, loan, transfer, or give your device to any other person without Google's authorization, Google reserves the right to deactivate the device, and neither you nor the unauthorized person using the device will be entitled to any refund, product support, or product warranty." Wired commented on this policy of a company claiming ownership of its product after it had been sold, saying: "Welcome to the New World, one in which companies are retaining control of their products even after consumers purchase them."[110] Others pointed out that Glass was not for public sale at all, but rather in private testing for selected developers, and that not allowing developers in a closed beta to sell to the public is not the same as banning consumers from reselling a publicly released device.[111]
Technical specifications[edit]
The Explorer's LCoS display is illuminated using sequential color LEDs that pass through a polarization conversion system, a polarizing beam splitter, a half-silvered mirror, and an anastigmat, collimating reflector formed on the nose end of the optical assembly.[32][33][34]
For the developer Explorer units version 1:
Android 4.4[112]
640×360 Himax HX7309 LCoS display[6][31]
5-megapixel camera, capable of 720p video recording[8]
Wi-Fi 802.11b/g[8]
Bluetooth[8]
16 GB storage (12 GB available)[8]
Texas Instruments OMAP 4430 SoC 1.2Ghz Dual(ARMv7)[6]
1 GB RAM[113]
3 axis gyroscope[114]
3 axis accelerometer[114]
3 axis magnetometer (compass)[114]
Ambient light sensing and proximity sensor[114]
Bone conduction audio transducer[8]
For the developer Explorer units version 2, RAM was expanded to 2 GB and prescription frames were made available:
all of the features from the Explorer version 1 plus:
2 GB RAM[115]
Prescription frames available[116]
The new Google Glass Enterprise Edition improves upon previous editions with the following[117]
Intel Atom processor
Dual-band 802.11n/ac wifi
Assisted GPS & GLONASS
Barometer
32GB storage memory
780 mAh battery
See also[edit]
Android Wear
Apple Watch
Google Contact Lens
Google Cardboard
Microsoft HoloLens
Project Tango
Q-Warrior
Samsung Gear VR
Speech recognition
Snow Crash
Google Goggles
Smartglasses
EyeTap – eye-mounted camera and head-up display (HUD)
Golden-i – head-mounted computer
Microsoft HoloLens – Windows 10 based AR unit, with high-definition 3D optical head-mounted display and spatial sound
Looxcie – ear-mounted streaming video camera
Oculus Rift – wide field of view virtual reality (VR) goggles with low latency head tracking
Pristine – enterprise video collaboration and support software
SixthSense – wearable AR device
Spectacles (product) - Snapchat wearable glasses
Virtual retinal display – display technology that projects images directly onto the retina
Vuzix – augmented reality smart glasses
Epson Moverio BT-200 – another smart glass, with AR[118]
GazerG – Google Glass Battery pack with second micro-USB port[119]
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Additional reading[edit]
"Doctors among Early Adopters of Google Glass," Canadian Medical Association Journal, September 30, 2013. Web. October 11, 2014.
"Evaluation of Google Glass Technical Limitations on Their Integration in Medical Systems", 'Sensors' 2016, 16(12), 2142; doi:10.3390/s16122142
External links[edit]
Find more aboutGoogle Glassat Wikipedia's sister projects
Media from Commons
Google Glass – official site
Google Glass on Google+
Google Glass Apps – comprehensive apps list
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