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The Lion Guard
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For the paramilitary political group, see Lion Guard.
The Lion Guard
Genre
Children's adventure
Developed by
Ford Riley
Directed by
Howy Parkins
Voices of
Max Charles
Joshua Rush
Dusan Brown
Diamond White
Atticus Shaffer
Opening theme
"Call of the Guard" performed by The Lion Guard Chorus
Ending theme
"Here Comes the Lion Guard" performed by Beau Black
Composer(s)
Christopher Willis (score)
Beau Black[1] (songs)
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
2
No. of episodes
46 (+ 1 pilot) (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Ford Riley
Running time
approx. 22 Minutes
Production company(s)
Disney Television Animation
Mercury Filmworks[2]
Release
Original network
Disney Junior
Disney Channel
Original release
November 22, 2015 (2015-11-22) – present (present)
External links
Official website
The Lion Guard is an American animated television series developed by Ford Riley[3] and based on Disney's 1994 film The Lion King. The series was first broadcast with a television movie titled The Lion Guard: Return of the Roar on Disney Channel on November 22, 2015[4] and began airing as a TV series on January 15, 2016 on Disney Junior and Disney Channel.[5] It is the second television series to be based on The Lion King, the first being Timon & Pumbaa. The Lion Guard is a sequel to The Lion King and takes place during the time-gap within the 1998 film The Lion King II: Simba's Pride.[6]
The second season premiered on July 7, 2017. A third season was commissioned in March 2017.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Characters
2.1 The Lion Guard
2.2 The Lion King alumni
2.3 Supporting characters
2.3.1 Pride Landers
2.3.2 Outlanders
2.3.3 Back Landers
2.3.4 Other characters
2.4 Antagonists
2.4.1 Outlanders
2.4.2 Back Landers
2.4.3 Other characters
3 Production
4 Episodes
5 Spin-off
6 Broadcast
7 Home media
7.1 DVD releases
8 Soundtracks
9 References
10 External links
Plot[edit]
Kion is the son of King Simba and Queen Nala, the younger brother of Kiara and the prince of the Pride Lands. As the second-born of the Lion King, he is gifted with a power called the Roar of the Elders and becomes the leader of the Lion Guard, a team of animals who protect the Pride Lands and defend the Circle of Life. Kion, along with his friends Bunga the honey badger, Beshte the hippopotamus, Fuli the cheetah and Ono the egret, sets out to keep the Pride Lands safe and protected from animals who do not respect the Circle of Life.
Characters[edit]
Main article: List of The Lion King characters
The Lion Guard[edit]
Kion (voiced by Max Charles[1]) – A lion cub who is Simba and Nala's son, Mufasa's grandson, Kiara's younger brother, the Prince of the Pride Lands, and the leader of the Lion Guard as well as its fiercest member. He serves as the main protagonist of the series. He often exclaims "Hevi kabisa!". His battlecry for the Lion Guard is "Till the Pride Lands end, Lion Guard defend!".
Bunga (voiced by Joshua Rush[1]) – A honey badger who is the bravest member of the Lion Guard. He is Timon and Pumbaa's adoptive nephew and Kion's best friend.[7] His battlecry is "Zuka Zama!".
Fuli (voiced by Diamond White[1]) – A cheetah who is the fastest member of the Lion Guard, the only female member, Kion's friend and second in command. She is also the first female animal to ever serve in the Guard as mentioned in The Rise of Scar. Her battlecry is "Huwezi!".
Ono (voiced by Atticus Shaffer[1]) – A cattle egret who is the keenest of sight of the Lion Guard and Kion's friend. He often exclaims "Hapana!".
Beshte (voiced by Dusan Brown[1]) – A hippopotamus who is the strongest member of the Lion Guard and Kion's friend. He often exclaims "Poa!". His battlecry is "Twende Kiboko!".
The Lion King alumni[edit]
The following characters from The Lion King movies appear in this series:
Simba (voiced by Rob Lowe[1]) – A lion who is Mufasa's son, Nala's mate, Scar's nephew, and Kion and Kiara's father. He is the King of the Pride Lands and the leader of his Pride.[8] Simba and Bunga share a history of having lived with Timon and Pumbaa.
Nala (voiced by Gabrielle Union[1]) – A lioness who is Simba's mate, and Kion and Kiara's mother. She is the Queen of the Pride Lands.[8]
Kiara (voiced by Eden Riegel[1]) – A lion cub who is Simba and Nala's daughter, Mufasa's granddaughter, Kion's older sister, the Princess of the Pride Lands and its future queen.
Timon (voiced by Kevin Schon[1]) – Simba and Pumbaa's wisecracking meerkat friend.[7] Timon is Bunga's adoptive uncle. Schon previously voiced Timon in Timon & Pumbaa.[8]
Pumbaa (voiced by Ernie Sabella[1]) – Simba and Timon's warm-hearted common warthog friend.[7] Pumbaa is Bunga's other adoptive uncle. Sabella reprises his role from The Lion King and its spin-offs.
Rafiki (voiced by Khary Payton[9]) – A wise old mandrill who serves as a Royal Mjuzi (a Pride Lands word for knowledge keeper and advisor) for the Royal Family of Pride Rock. In The Rise of Scar, Rafiki takes on an apprentice named Makini.
Zazu (voiced by Jeff Bennett[1]) – A red-billed hornbill and Simba's majordomo who supplies news via the morning report of the Pride Lands.
Mufasa (voiced by James Earl Jones in Return of the Roar, reprising his role from The Lion King,[1] Gary Anthony Williams in later episodes) – Simba's father, and Kion and Kiara's paternal grandfather who was killed in the original film by a wildebeest stampede orchestrated by his younger brother Scar. Since his death, he lives on as a spirit that gives Kion advice on how to get through any tough plight.
Scar (voiced by David Oyelowo[10]) – Simba's deceased uncle, Kion and Kiara's great-uncle, and Mufasa's younger brother. He is the main antagonist of the second season. Scar was once the leader of a Lion Guard before Kion and also had the Roar of the Elders, but the power went to his head and he began to believe that he should be king instead of Mufasa. He lost the Roar after he used it to destroy his fellow Lion Guard members when they refused to help him overthrow Mufasa. Later in life, he orchestrated his brother's death with the help of his hyena henchmen. After being defeated by Simba in a vicious fight, he was mauled to death by the hyenas when he tried to pin the blame of Mufasa's death on them. By the end of The Rise of Scar, Kion unknowingly summons Scar back as a fiery spirit in the Outlands' volcano after he uses the Roar in anger when Janja provokes him. In "Let Sleeping Crocs Lie," Scar takes in Kiburi's float and announces his plans to unite all the animals in the Outlands to takeover the Pride Lands and defeat the new Lion Guard and Simba, who were unaware that Scar had returned. In "Divide and Conquer", Kion briefly witnesses Scar's spirit in the flames of a fire before it vanishes, but is unsure of what to make of it. Only a strange scorch mark remains, which Rafiki recognizes as a sign of terrible evil. In the following episode "The Scorpion's Sting", Scar reveals himself to the Lion Guard while they are in the Outlands collecting volcanic ash needed to cure Simba from a scorpion sting.
The Outsiders – A pride of offshoot lions that were loyal to Scar. After a failed takeover following Scar's death, Simba banished them to the Outlands where they tried to invade the territory that Jasiri's clan lives in. Kion defeated them with the Roar of the Elders which sent them flying to the Outlands' termite mound area which became their base of operations.
Zira (voiced by Nika Futterman) – A lioness who is the mother of Kovu, Vitani and Nuka and the leader of the Outsiders. She was a loyal follower of Scar. After a failed takeover following Scar's death, Zira and her family were banished to the Outlands by Simba.
Kovu (voiced by Jason Marsden) – A lion cub who is the chosen successor of Scar, Zira's youngest son and the younger brother of Nuka and Vitani. Prior to the series, he briefly befriended Kiara. Marsden previously voiced adult Kovu in The Lion King II: Simba's Pride.
Nuka (voiced by Andy Dick) – An adolescent lion who is the oldest son of Zira, the older brother of Kovu and Vitani, and a member of the Outsiders. Dick reprises his role from Simba's Pride.
Vitani (voiced by Lacey Chabert) – A lion cub who is Zira's daughter and the sister of Nuka and Kovu. Chabert reprises her role from Simba's Pride.
Supporting characters[edit]
Pride Landers[edit]
Tiifu (voiced by Sarah Hyland[9]) – A lion cub friend of Kiara and a member of Simba's Pride who is somewhat more sensible than her constant companion Zuri.
Zuri (voiced by Madison Pettis[9]) – Another lion cub friend of Kiara and a member of Simba's Pride who is somewhat vain and hates getting dirty.
Makini (voiced by Landry Bender) – A young mandrill who becomes Rafiki's apprentice. She is one of a few characters who knows that Kion speaks to the spirit of Mufasa.
Big Baboon's Troop – A troop of olive baboons that resides in Nyani Grove.
Big Baboon (voiced by Ford Riley in Return of the Roar, Dee Bradley Baker in later appearances) – An olive baboon who is the leader his troop.
Gumba (voiced by Jacquez Swanigan) – A young olive baboon who is a part of Big Baboon's troop.
Pua (voiced by Gerald C. Rivers) – The former leader of the local Nile crocodile float. He was challenged by Makuu to a "mashindano" (a fight for dominance in the crocodile float where the winner becomes the new leader of the float and the loser has to leave the float). Upon being defeated by Makuu, Pua left the float.
Makuu (voiced by Blair Underwood) – A Nile crocodile who is the leader of his float after he defeated Pua in a "mashindano". In the first season, Makuu and his float antagonized the Lion Guard and caused trouble. In season 2, Makuu has reformed from his trouble-making ways as he works to become a better leader for his float and the Pride Lands.
Basi (voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson) – A hippopotamus who is Beshte's father and leader of his pod.
Thurston's Herd – A herd of plains zebras that resides in the Pride Lands.
Thurston (voiced by Kevin Schon) – A handsome yet dimwitted plains zebra who is the leader of the herd.
Kwato (voiced by Lyons Luke Mathias) – A young plains zebra foal who is part of Thurston's herd.
Mbeya (voiced by Howy Parkins) – An old black rhinoceros who is the leader of his crash.
Ma Tembo's Herd – A herd of African bush elephants that resides in the Pride Lands. They resided in Kilio Valley until it was destroyed by a fire caused by the Outlanders in "The Kilio Valley Fire."
Ma Tembo (voiced by Lynette DuPree) – An African bush elephant with a broken right tusk who is the leader of the herd and the daughter of Amanifu, an old friend of Simba's who dies early in the series.
Mtoto (voiced by Natalie Coughlin in "Bunga the Wise," Justin Felbinger in later episodes) – A young African bush elephant calf who is part of Ma Tembo's herd.
Mtoto’s mom (voiced by Virginia Watson) – An unnamed African bush elephant who is part of Ma Tembo’s herd.
Zito (voiced by Nick Watt) – A grouchy and impatient African bush elephant who is part of Ma Tembo's herd.
Johari (voiced by Ace Gibson) – An African bush elephant who is part of Ma Tembo’s herd.
Zigo (voiced by Marieve Herington) – An African bush elephant who is part of Ma Tembo’s herd.
Twiga's Herd – A herd of Masai giraffes that resides in Acacia Grove.
Twiga (voiced by Alex Cartana) – A Masai giraffe who is the leader of the herd.
Juhudi (voiced by Ivy Bishop) – A young Masai giraffe calf who is Twiga's daughter.
Shingo (voiced by Phil LaMarr) – A Masai giraffe who is part of Twiga's herd.
Mbuni's Flock – A flock of ostritches that resides in the Pride Lands.
Mbuni (voiced by Russi Taylor) – A cheerful ostrich who is the leader of her flock.
Kambuni (voiced by Mckenna Grace) – A young ostrich chick.
Muhanga (voiced by Russi Taylor) – An aardvark.
Muhangus (voiced by Khary Payton) – An aardvark who is Muhanga's mate.
Shauku (voiced by Jacob Guenther) – A young banded mongoose pup.
Tamaa (voiced by CJ Byrnes) – A fork-tailed drongo who can imitate the voice of any animal.
Muhimu's Herd – A herd of plains zebras that resides in the Pride Lands.
Muhimu (voiced by Kari Wahlgren, Emma Bunton in the UK version of "The Mbali Fields Migration"[11]) – A plains zebra who is the leader of the herd.
Hamu (voiced by Lyons Luke Mathias) – A young plains zebra foal who is Muhimu's son. Shortly after being born, he helped the Lion Guard fend off Janja, Cheezi and Chungu.
Swala (voiced by Tunisia Hardison) – A Thomson's gazelle who is the leader of her herd.
Ajabu (voiced by Ron Funches) – An okapi who travels to the Pride Lands to get away from Makucha.
Mjomba's Pack – A pack of aardwolves that resides in the Pride Lands and only come out at night. The Lion Guard accidentally mistook them for hyenas until Kion cleared things up and fended off Reirei and Goigoi. The aardwolves are known for keeping the termite population down.
Mjomba (voiced by Charlie Adler) – A grumpy and impatient aardwolf who is the leader of the pack.
Ogopa (voiced by Marieve Herington) – A bright and bubbly aardwolf.
Haya (voiced by Ogie Banks) – A nervous and shy aardwolf.
Laini (voiced by Meghan Strange) – A galago who is the leader of her group in Ndefu Grove.
Vuruga Vuruga (voiced by Virginia Watson) – An African buffalo who is the leader of her herd. Kiara once presided over their Royal Buffalo Wallow.
Young Rhino (voiced by Kari Wahlgren) – A young black rhinoceros calf.
Hadithi (voiced by John O'Hurley) – A legendary African hawk-eagle who faked having invented the Hadithi Spin.
Bupu's Herd – A herd of sable antelopes that resides in the Pride Lands.
Bupu (voiced by Michael Dorn) – A stubborn sable antelope who is the leader of the herd and values polite behavior.
Boboka (voiced by Erica Luttrell) – A sable antelope who is part of Bupu's herd
Chura (voiced by Meghan Strange) – An African toad.
Kifaru (voiced by Maurice LaMarche) – A poor-sighted white rhinoceros.
Mwenzi (voiced by Rhys Darby) – A red-billed oxpecker who is Kifaru's tickbird and best friend.
Kulinda (voiced by Elise Allen) – A hamerkop who leaves her egg in Ono's nest while she builds a new nest that is safe from predators. She later names her baby Ona, in honor of Ono.
Tumbili (voiced by Ace Gibson) – A Zanzibar red colobus who is the leader of his troop. He grew tired of Furaha's antics and sent him away.
Chama (voiced by Jacob Bertrand) – A young fun-loving African bush elephant who used to be part of Ma Tembo's herd. He, Mzaha, and Furaha are best friends and share a tree together near Big Springs.
Mzaha (voiced by Cade Sutton) – A young fun-loving sable antelope who used to be part of Bupu's herd.
Furaha (voiced by Mekai Curtis) – A young fun-loving Zanzibar red colobus who used to be part of Tumbili's troop.
Nyuni (voiced by Nolan North) – A western yellow wagtail who temporarily becomes an unofficial member of Bupu's herd.
Hodari (voiced by Justin Hires) – An electric blue gecko who dreamed of being in a crocodile float. Makuu made him an honorary member of his float due to his bravery when confronting Kiburi.
Kongwe (voiced by CCH Pounder) – An African spurred tortoise who is the oldest and wisest animal in the Pride Lands.
Kinyonga (voiced by Meghan Strange) – A veiled chameleon who helped the Lion Guard by spying on Scar in the Outlands.
Outlanders[edit]
Jasiri's Clan – A clan of friendly spotted hyenas that resides in the Outlands. Unlike Janja's clan, Jasiri and her hyena clan respect the Circle of Life and mostly scavenge for food.
Jasiri (voiced by Maia Mitchell[5]) – A spotted hyena living in the Outlands who is the leader of her clan and allies with Kion.
Madoa (voiced by Maisie Klompus) – A spotted hyena who is Jasiri's sister and is part of her clan.
Tunu (voiced by Crimson Hart) – A spotted hyena cub and brother of Wema who is part of Jasiri's clan.
Wema (voiced by Fiona Hart) – A spotted hyena cub and sister of Tunu who is part of Jasiri's clan.
Back Landers[edit]
Badilli (voiced by Jack McBrayer) – A friendly cream-colored African leopard from Mirihi Forest in the Back Lands who was driven out of his territory by Mapigano. The Lion Guard trained him to have enough courage to drive off Mapigano.
Dhahabu's Herd – A herd of plains zebras that resides in Dhahabu Grove in the Back Lands.
Dhahabu (voiced by Renée Elise Goldsberry) – A plains zebra with golden stripes who is the leader of the herd. Bunga admires her greatly. Dhahabu is modeled after the late Zoe the Golden Zebra who resided in Hawaii's Three Ring Ranch.[12][13]
Raha (voiced by Rico Rodriguez) – A plains zebra who is Starehe's brother and part of Dhahabu's herd.
Starehe (voiced by Raini Rodriguez) – A plains zebra who is Raha's sister and part of Dhahabu's herd.
Other characters[edit]
King Sokwe's Troop - A troop of mountain gorillas who live in the Theluji Mountains.
King Sokwe (voiced by John Rhys-Davies) – A mountain gorilla and friend of Simba who is Majinuni and Hafifu's father.
Hafifu (voiced by Phil Lester) - A mountain gorilla prince, brother of Majinuni, and son of King Sokwe who came to the Pride Lands to deliver a message to Simba.
Majinuni (voiced by Dan Howell) – A mountain gorilla prince, brother of Hafifu, and son of King Sokwe who came to the Pride Lands to deliver a message to Simba.
The Traveling Baboon Show - A trio of yellow baboons who steal food from around the Pride Lands, but later saw the error of their ways when the Lion Guard saved them from Janja's clan. In "Timon and Pumbaa's Christmas," the Traveling Baboon Show is among the animals that assist in "The Twelve Ways of Christmas" song.
Uroho (voiced by Sinbad) – A yellow baboon who is the leader of Traveling Baboon show.
Mwevi (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker) – A yellow baboon who's a member of the Traveling Baboon Show.
Mwizi (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker) – A yellow baboon who's a member of the Traveling Baboon Show.
Antagonists[edit]
Outlanders[edit]
Janja's Clan – A clan of male spotted hyenas that live in the Outlands and do not respect the Circle of Life.
Janja (voiced by Andrew Kishino) – A cunning and ruthless spotted hyena who is the leader of the clan.
Cheezi (voiced by Vargus Mason) – An excitable spotted hyena and one of Janja's right-hand henchmen.
Chungu (voiced by Kevin Schon) – An unintelligent spotted hyena with a slightly heavier build than the other hyenas who is the other of Janja’s right-hand henchmen.
Nne (voiced by Beau Black) – A sly and stout but smart spotted hyena.
Tano (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker) – A devious and sloping but smart spotted hyena.
Mzingo's Parliament – A flock of white-backed vultures that live in the Outlands and is allied with Janja's clan.
Mzingo (voiced by Greg Ellis) – A calculative white-backed vulture who is the leader of his parliament. He sometimes serves as Janja's spy and scout.
Mwoga (voiced by Cam Clarke) – A foolish and clumsy white-backed vulture who is a member of the parliament.
Ushari (voiced by Christian Slater) – An Egyptian cobra who often conflicted with Bunga and would get disturbed whenever the Lion Guard was near him. In the season 2 special The Rise of Scar, Ushari finally gets fed up with the Lion Guard disturbing his peace and inadvertently finds out that Kion talks to Mufasa's spirit. He informs Janja of this which leads to the two of them orchestrating events that enable them to summon Scar's spirit. Upon Scar's spirit being unleashed, Ushari becomes a second-in-command to him in Scar's plot to unite all the animals of the Outlands in a plot to get revenge on the Pride Lands.
Reirei's Pack – A pack of black-backed jackals that live in the Outlands.
Reirei (voiced by Ana Gasteyer) – A clever and manipulative black-backed jackal who is the leader of the pack.
Goigoi (voiced by Phil LaMarr) – A greedy and dimwitted black-backed jackal who is Reirei's mate.
Dogo (voiced by Jacob Guenther) – A black-backed jackal pup who is one of Reirei and Goigoi's sons. He has blue eyes compared to the other pups who have brown eyes.
Kijana (voiced by Amber Hood) – A black-backed jackal pup who is Reirei and Goigoi's daughter and Dogo's sister.
Shupavu's Group – A group of skinks who are friends with Ushari and serve as his spies in the Pride Lands.
Shupavu (voiced by Meghan Strange) – A sneaky fire skink who is the leader of her group. She dislikes being close to Pride Rock.
Njano (voiced by Ford Riley) – A crafty, blue-tongued rainbow skink who works with Shupavu and is her second-in-command.
Nyeusi (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker) – A stealthy black western rock skink who works with Shupavu.
Waza – An observant blue skink who works with Shupavu.
Nyata – A swift purple skink who works with Shupavu.
Kiburi's Float – Former members of Makuu's float who were kicked out and banished from the Pride Lands for their treachery towards Makuu and Simba.
Kiburi (voiced by Common) – An arrogant Nile crocodile who was part of Makuu's float. He and his followers defied Makuu's orders which led to them working with Ushari. While Kiburi challenged Makuu to a "mashindano", his three followers tried to attack Simba from behind only for the Lion Guard to intervene. Kiburi and his followers were kicked out of Makuu's float upon his loss and were exiled to the Outlands by Simba, with Kiburi vowing to have his revenge someday. Upon running into Ushari again, Kiburi and his followers were led to Scar's spirit in the hyenas' volcano and formed an alliance with him.
Tamka (voiced by Nolan North) – An overconfident and unintelligent Nile crocodile who is one of Kiburi's followers.
Nduli (voiced by Jorge Diaz) – A Nile crocodile who is one of Kiburi's followers.
Kenge (voiced by Kristofer Hivju) – An enormous and ferocious rock monitor, and acquaintance of Ushari who dislikes being called "little" or else it will drive him berserk. His venomous bite induces temporary paralysis.
Sumu (voiced by Ford Riley) – A venomous scorpion who was ordered by Scar to sting Simba.
Back Landers[edit]
Makucha (voiced by Steven Blum) – A cream-colored African leopard from the Back Lands who tracks Ajabu to the Pride Lands since okapis are rare creatures. Makucha is later revealed to be the leader of his leap which is first shown when the Lion Guard was looking for water in the Back Lands during a water shortage in the Pride Lands.
Mapigano (voiced by Jorge Diaz) – A cream-colored African leopard who bullied Badilli upon invading his territory in Mirihi Forest in the Back Lands.
Other characters[edit]
Mpishi (voiced by Carla Hall) – An African harrier-hawk who leaves her hunting grounds from an unknown land and travels to the Pride Lands looking for a rare meal. She teamed up with Mwoga to target Kulinda's newly-hatched chick.
Production[edit]
The series was announced by Disney on June 9, 2014, on the run up to the first film's 20th anniversary. Disney Junior general manager Nancy Kanter stated: "It's kind of like The Lion King meets The Avengers."[14] The series' announcement came after a meeting between Kanter and Disney chief executive Robert Iger. Iger suggested to Kanter that Disney Junior should consider producing content to celebrate the 20th anniversary of The Lion King in 2014. Disney had shown early footage to young test audiences, who were able to make suggestions, such as adjusting the look of the hyenas.[15] Disney Consumer Products launched a line of toys to tie into the television series, as well at book titles based on the series such as Return of the Roar, Can't Wait to be Queen, Bunga the Wise, Meet the New Guard, Fuli Finds Her Place, Join the Lion Guard! and Kion's Animal Alphabet.[16] A sneak peek of The Lion Guard was shown at the 2015 D23 Expo.[17] On August 12, 2015, a sneak peek was shown, with new information that the television movie was scheduled to air in November 2015 to be titled The Lion Guard: Return of the Roar.[18] On October 9, 2015, it was announced that Return of the Roar would premiere on November 22, 2015, on Disney Channel.[4]
On coming up with the idea, the series' creator and executive producer Ford Riley noted that in The Lion King II: Simba's Pride Kiara is introduced and will be future queen. Riley was interested in the idea of a second-born cub and what his role would be if Kiara is destined to become queen. Additionally, he was inspired by his 8-year-old son. "Every Thursday he and his buddies go to the park and they have this imaginary superhero team and they have all these imaginary adventures. That’s when it hit me. Let’s have a group of superheroes in the Pride Lands – The Avengers meets The Lion King!"[6][19]
Riley confirmed the timeline of the series; in Simba's Pride there is a years-long time gap, The Lion Guard takes place during the years in-between Kiara's first meeting with Kovu as a cub and her first hunt as an adult.[6]
Riley also noted the inclusion of Swahili into the series; "[W]e’ve actually hired Sarah Mirza, who literally wrote the book on English-Swahili translations. We’ve been using Swahili not just in names of characters and places but also in the language of the show itself."[6]
Classic mythology is used as inspiration for the show. In reference to Return of the Roar, Riley noted; "The whole laying on hands where Kion gives the mark of the guard to the rest of the team, that goes back to the Bible." Riley noted that protecting the Circle of Life is the main theme of the series; "The animals who respect it don’t eat too much, allow for the grass to grow, and larger animals to eat smaller animals. Our bad guys come from those that don’t respect the Circle of Life. They just want to eat and wreak havoc."[19]
In terms of giving The Lion Guard the same look as the original film, director Howy Parkins stated that they were mindful to keep the essence of The Lion King. To that end, the crew did extensive research on the look of the backgrounds and characters and were able to obtain some original model sheets. In addition, Barry Atkinson and Mike Surrey, background painter and supervising animator for Timon on the original film respectively, were brought in to consult with the series' background artists, animators and storyboard artists.[20]
Speaking on the show's educational aspect, Parkins stated that research was done on animals and habitats in the Serengeti, and that this information is woven into storylines without being overt.[20]
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of The Lion Guard episodes
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
First aired
Last aired
Pilot November 22, 2015 (2015-11-22)
1 26 January 15, 2016 (2016-01-15) April 21, 2017 (2017-04-21)
2 29 July 7, 2017 (2017-07-07) TBA
Spin-off[edit]
A short-form series called It's UnBungalievable starring Bunga and Ono premiered on Disney Junior and Disneynature on January 9, 2016. In the series, Bunga and Ono pick two animals to compete in contests such as "Who's Quicker?" "Who Has Better Hair?" and "Who's Hungrier?" The series features live-action animal footage provided by Disneynature.[21]
"Who's Quicker?"
"Who's Mightier?"
"Who Has Better Hair?"
"Who's Hungrier?"
"Who's the Better Babysitter?"
"Who's Cuter?"
"Who's Sillier?"
"Who's Louder?"
"Who's Brainier?"
"Who's a Better Flyer?"
Broadcast[edit]
Like its American counterpart, Return of the Roar premiered on November 22, 2015, on Disney Channel in Canada, while the series premiered on January 17, 2016, on Disney Junior, two days after its American premiere.[22][23] In the United Kingdom and Ireland, Return of the Roar premiered on Disney Junior on February 8, 2016, while the series premiered on April 13, 2016.[24][25] In Australia and New Zealand, the pilot debuted on February 6, 2016, and the series began airing on February 28 on Disney Junior.[26] In Southeast Asia, Return of the Roar premiered on March 20, 2016, on Disney Channel (April 11, 2016, on Disney Junior) and the series premiered on April 17, 2016, on Disney Junior block in Disney Channel.[27][28] It aired in TVNZ in New Zealand and 7flix in Australia. E-Junior in the United Arab Emirates and MiniMini+ in Poland.
Home media[edit]
DVD releases[edit]
Distributed by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment.
Title
Release Date
Episodes
Additional Features
The Lion Guard: Return of the Roar[29] February 23, 2016 Television movie Music video of Beau Black performing "Here Comes the Lion Guard."
Talking Lion Guard Backpack Clip
The Lion Guard: Unleash the Power[30] September 20, 2016
"Fuli's New Family" (Season 1, Episode 7)
"Bunga the Wise" (Season 1, Episode 3)
"Eye of the Beholder" (Season 1, Episode 5)
"Follow That Hippo!" (Season 1, Episode 9)
"The Search for Utamu" (Season 1, Episode 8)
"Never Judge a Hyena by Its Spots" (Season 1, Episode 1)
Lion Guard Power Necklace
The Lion Guard: Life in the Pride Lands[31] January 10, 2017
"The Rise of Makuu" (Season 1, Episode 2)
"The Kupatana Celebration" (Season 1, Episode 6)
"Bunga and the King" (Season 1, Episode 13)
"Never Roar Again" (Season 1, Episode 21)
"The Imaginary Okapi" (Season 1, Episode 14)
Music videos: "A Trail to Hope", "Teke Ruka Teleza"
It's UnBungalievable shorts
Five Lion Guard Wristbands
The Lion Guard: The Rise of Scar[32] January 9, 2018
"The Rise of Scar" (Season 2, Episode 5/Television movie)
"The Trouble With Galagos" (Season 1, Episode 16)
"Janja's New Crew" (Season 1, Episode 17)
"Baboons!" (Season 1, Episode 18)
"Lions of the Outlands" (Season 1, Episode 20)
Soundtracks[edit]
The Lion Guard (Music from the TV Series)
Soundtrack album by Various artists
Released
January 8, 2016
Genre
Children, pop, Pop rock, world, soundtrack
Length
34:43
Label
Walt Disney
The Lion Guard (Music from the TV Series)[33]
No.
Title
Performer(s)
Length
1. "Call of the Guard (The Lion Guard Theme)" The Lion Guard Chorus 1:03
2. "A Beautiful Day (Ni Siku Nzuri)" Beau Black 2:16
3. "Zuka Zama" Bunga 1:57
4. "Tonight We Strike" Janja, Mzingo & Hyenas 1:56
5. "Kion's Lament" Kion 3:24
6. "Here Comes the Lion Guard" Beau Black 2:28
7. "We're the Same (Sisi Ni Sawa)" Kion & Jasiri 2:33
8. "Outta the Way" Janja, Cheezi & Chungu 2:00
9. "Duties of the King" Simba & Zazu 2:01
10. "Bunga the Wise" Timon, Pumbaa & Bunga 1:41
11. "My Own Way" Fuli 2:18
12. "Jackal Style" Reirei 2:10
13. "Panic and Run" Janja, Cheezi, & Chungu 1:34
14. "It Is Time" Beau Black 3:01
15. "Call of the Guard (Full Version)" The Lion Guard Chorus 4:21
Total length: 34:43
A second soundtrack release entitled The Lion Guard: Disney Junior Music was released digitally on September 1, 2017.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Lion King spinoff voice cast includes Rob Lowe, Gabrielle Union, James Earl Jones, and more - EW.com". Entertainment Weekly's EW.com.
Jump up ^ "Mercury Filmworks". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04.
Jump up ^ "Disney's The Lion King to Continue with The Lion Guard". ComingSoon.net.
^ Jump up to: a b Beck, Jerry (October 9, 2015). "Disney's "The Lion Guard: Return Of The Roar" Set For Nov. 22 Debut". Animation Scoop. Indiewire. Retrieved October 9, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Wagmeister, Elizabeth (December 9, 2015). "Disney's 'Lion King' Revival Series 'The Lion Guard' to Premiere in January". Variety. Retrieved December 10, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Brett, Susan (February 8, 2016). "EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW: Disney's The Lion Guard creator Ford Riley talks new Lion King sequel". TVdaily.com. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Lion King spin-off The Lion Guard: Return of the Roar sneak peek - EW.com". Entertainment Weekly's EW.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c McCarthy, Tyler (August 12, 2015). "'Lion King' Sequel Series 'The Lion Guard' To Debut On Disney With Several Original Characters Recast". International Business Times. Retrieved September 15, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c Beck, Jerry (August 12, 2015). "FIRST LOOK: Disney Channel's "The Lion Guard"". Animation Scoop. Indiewire. Retrieved August 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ "David Oyelowo to Play Scar in 'The Lion Guard'". Retrieved 24 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "Emma Bunton will star in Disney Junior's The Lion Guard". The List. August 23, 2016. Retrieved August 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ https://owlcation.com/stem/Meet-Zoe-The-Rare-Golden-Zebra
Jump up ^ https://www.horsetalk.co.nz/2017/08/09/golden-zebra-zoe-dies-hawaii/
Jump up ^ "The Lion King Getting Sequel TV Series, The Lion Guard, On Disney Junior". E! Online.
Jump up ^ Fritz, Ben (June 9, 2014). "Disney Junior Plans Preschool Series Based on 'The Lion King' (Exclusive)". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Catalog Overview". abovethetreeline.com.
Jump up ^ "Disney Channel, Disney XD & Disney Junior Stars Set for 2015 D23 EXPO". Broadway World. June 11, 2015. Retrieved June 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ Steinberg, Brian (August 12, 2015). "Disney to Revive 'Lion King' With 'Lion Guard' TV Series". Variety. Variety Media. Retrieved August 12, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Kelley, Shamus (December 12, 2017). "How Does A Disney Junior Show Tell Compelling Stories?". denofgeek.com. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Dickson, Jeremy (November 12, 2015). "The Lion Guard director dishes on how Disney re-animated a classic". kidscreen.com. Retrieved April 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ Dickson, Jeremy (January 8, 2015). "Disney's The Lion Guard gets short-form spinoff". kidscreen.com. Retrieved April 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Disney's The Lion Guard: Return Of The Roar Primetime Television Movie Event Premieres Sunday, November 22 on Disney Channel" (Press release). Toronto: Corus Entertainment. October 9, 2015. Retrieved October 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Disney Junior's The Lion Guard, an Animated Series Featuring the Adventures of Kion — Simba and Nala's Second-Born Cub Debuts Sunday, January 17 at 11:30 a.m. ET/PT" (Press release). Toronto: Corus Entertainment. December 10, 2015. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Lion Guard: Return of the Roar". TV Guide UK. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Lion Guard debuts 13th April 2016 on Disney Junior". Primary Times. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Lion Guard: the circle of life continues". Foxtel Insider. Foxtel. February 4, 2016. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Lion Guard: Return of the Roar". Disney Southeast Asia. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Lion Guard: Series Premiere". Disney Southeast Asia. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ "'The Lion Guard: Return of the Roar' on DVD with Exclusive Gift on February 23 – Stitch Kingdom". Stitch Kingdom.
Jump up ^ Lambert, David (June 10, 2016). "The Lion Guard – 'Unleash The Power': Disney's Press Release for the First DVD!". tvshowsondvd.com. Archived from the original on June 12, 2016. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Lion Guard – Life in the Pride Lands on Disney DVD January 10th". dapsmagic.com. November 2, 2016. Retrieved November 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ Snook, Jay (January 8, 2018). "A Dangerous Foe Returns on 'The Lion Guard: The Rise of Scar'". goodmenproject.com. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ "The Lion Guard (Music from the TV Series) by Various Artists". iTunes Store. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
External links[edit]
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The Free Beer and Hot Wings Show
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
The Free Beer and Hot Wings Show is a syndicated talk radio show based at WGRD in Grand Rapids, Michigan. The show is hosted by Gregg "Free Beer" Daniels, Chris "Hot Wings" Michels, "Producer" Joe "Van Life" Gassmann, Producer Steve, and Justin.[1][2] The show is syndicated throughout America, and is distributed by Compass Media Networks.
The Free Beer and Hot Wings Show has also guest hosted The Dan Patrick Show on multiple occasions.[3]
Contents
1 Holiday Break-in
2 Awards
3 Controversies
4 References
5 External links
Holiday Break-in[edit]
Each December, the show solicits the nomination by their listeners of needy families to be the recipients of the Holiday Break-in for those unable to buy holiday gifts. Once the recipients are selected, participating radio affiliates break into the houses of these families (with the assistance of the nominator, a locksmith, and local police) and bring the holidays where there would be none.[4]
Awards[edit]
The Free Beer and Hot Wings Show won the Michigan Association of Broadcasters award in 2005[5] 2006,[6] and 2007.[7]
Free Beer and Hot Wings won the RadioContraband Rock Radio Award for "Syndicated Morning Show of the Year" in 2013 and 2014[8]
Controversies[edit]
In early 2016, Eric Zane was fired from the show.
In early 2018, producer Joseph "Joe" Gassmann was arrested in Naperville, Illinois, in DuPage county, for two counts of domestic battery, which are Class A misdemeanors in Illinois. He is scheduled to be arraigned on the charges on April 23. Townsquare Media released a statement:
"As you may be aware, Joe Gassmann of The Free Beer and Hot Wings show was arrested after a domestic altercation this past Saturday night. Joe has been suspended and will not be appearing on the show, pending resolution of the police investigation of the matter."[9] The charges were eventually dropped and Joe returned to the show near the end of May 2018.[10]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://wgrd.com/show/the-free-beer-hot-wings-morning-show/
Jump up ^ "Free Beer and Hot Wings Cast and Crew". Free Beer and Hot Wings. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Barkley, Simms, Harbaugh on tap for Thursday's DP Show". CNN.
Jump up ^ Free Beer and Hot Wings embrace the Holidays
Jump up ^ "Michigan Association of Broadcasters". Retrieved 2008-04-14.
Jump up ^ "Michigan Association of Broadcasters". Retrieved 2008-04-14.
Jump up ^ "Michigan Association of Broadcasters". Archived from the original on 2008-05-12. Retrieved 2008-04-14.
Jump up ^ "Radio Contraband's Rock Radio Award Winners Revealed". Retrieved 2016-09-14.
Jump up ^ "'Producer Joe' of 'Free Beer & Hot Wings' show arrested in Chicago area". Fox17. 2018-03-19. Retrieved 2018-03-20.
Jump up ^ "'Producer Joe' going back to 'Free Beer and Hot Wings,' charges dropped". MLive.com. Retrieved 2018-06-05.
External links[edit]
The Free Beer and Hot Wings Show official website
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Free_Beer_and_Hot_Wings_Show&oldid=846856447"
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Execution of Louis XVI
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
"Day of 21 January 1793 the death of Louis Capet on the Place de la Révolution" – French engraving.
The execution of Louis XVI, by means of the guillotine, took place on 21 January 1793 at the Place de la Révolution ("Revolution Square", formerly Place Louis XV, and renamed Place de la Concorde in 1795) in Paris. It was a major event of the Revolution. The king was convicted in a near-unanimous vote (while no one voted "not guilty", several deputies abstained) and condemned to death by a large majority.
Contents
[hide]
1 Journey from the Temple prison to the Place de la Révolution
2 Witness quotes
2.1 Father Edgeworth
2.2 Press of the day
2.3 Charles Henri Sanson
2.4 Henri Sanson
2.5 Madame de Staël
2.6 Lebouche
2.7 Louis Mercier
3 Jacques de Molay
4 Burial in the cemetery of the Madeleine
5 Today
6 Bibliography
7 Notes
Journey from the Temple prison to the Place de la Révolution[edit]
Louis XVI awoke at 5 o'clock and after dressing with the aid of his valet Jean-Baptiste Cléry, went to meet with the non-juring Irish priest Father Henry Essex Edgeworth de Firmont to make his confession. He heard his last Mass, served by Cléry, and received Communion. The Mass requisites were provided by special direction of the authorities. On Father Edgeworth's advice, Louis avoided a last farewell scene with his family. At 7 o'clock he confided his last wishes to the priest. His Royal seal was to go to the Dauphin and his wedding ring to the Queen. After receiving the priest's blessing, he went to meet Antoine Joseph Santerre, Commander of the Guard. A green carriage was waiting in the second court. He seated himself in it with the priest, with two militiamen sitting opposite them. The carriage left the Temple at approximately 9 o'clock. For more than an hour the carriage, preceded by drummers playing to drown out any support for the King and escorted by a cavalry troop with drawn sabres, made its way through Paris along a route lined with 80,000 men at arms and soldiers of the National Guard and Sans-culottes.
In the neighbourhood of the present rue de Cléry, the Baron de Batz, a supporter of the Royal family who had financed the flight to Varennes, had summoned 300 Royalists to enable the King's escape. Louis was to be hidden in a house in the rue de Cléry belonging to the Count of Marsan. The Baron leaped forward calling "Follow me, my friends, let us save the King!", but his associates had been denounced and only a few had been able to turn up. Three of them were killed, but de Batz managed to escape.
At 10 o'clock, the carriage arrived at Place de la Révolution and proceeded to an area where a scaffold had been erected, in a space surrounded by guns and drums, and a crowd carrying pikes and bayonets.
Witness quotes[edit]
"The Death of Louis XVI King of France" from an English engraving, published 1798.
Father Edgeworth[edit]
“ The path leading to the scaffold was extremely rough and difficult to pass; the King was obliged to lean on my arm, and from the slowness with which he proceeded, I feared for a moment that his courage might fail; but what was my astonishment, when arrived at the last step, I felt that he suddenly let go my arm, and I saw him cross with a firm foot the breadth of the whole scaffold; silence, by his look alone, fifteen or twenty drums that were placed opposite to me; and in a voice so loud, that it must have been heard at the Pont Tournant, I heard him pronounce distinctly these memorable words: "I die innocent of all the crimes laid to my charge; I Pardon those who have occasioned my death; and I pray to God that the blood you are going to shed may never be visited on France."[1] ”
Press of the day[edit]
The 13 February issue of the Thermomètre du jour ('Daily Thermometer'), a moderate Republican newspaper, described the King as shouting "I am lost!", citing as its source the executioner, Charles Henri Sanson.[citation needed]
Charles Henri Sanson[edit]
Charles Sanson responded to the story by offering his own version of events in a letter dated 20 February 1793. The account of Sanson states that
“ Arriving at the foot of the guillotine, Louis XVI looked for a moment at the instruments of his execution and asked Sanson why the drums had stopped beating. He came forward to speak, but there were shouts to the executioners to get on with their work. As he was strapped down, he exclaimed "My people, I die innocent!" Then, turning towards his executioners, Louis XVI declared "Gentlemen, I am innocent of everything of which I am accused. I hope that my blood may cement the good fortune of the French." The blade fell. It was 10:22 am. One of the assistants of Sanson showed the head of Louis XVI to the people, whereupon a huge cry of "Vive la Nation! Vive la République!" arose and an artillery salute rang out which reached the ears of the imprisoned Royal family. ”
In his letter, published along with its French mistakes in the Thermomètre of Thursday, 21 February 1793, Sanson emphasises that the King "bore all this with a composure and a firmness which has surprised us all. I remained strongly convinced that he derived this firmness from the principles of the religion by which he seemed penetrated and persuaded as no other man."
Henri Sanson[edit]
"Execution of Louis XVI" – German copperplate engraving, 1793, by Georg Heinrich Sieveking
In his Causeries, Alexandre Dumas refers to a meeting circa 1830 with Henri Sanson, eldest son of Charles Sanson, who had been present at the time.
"Now then, you were saying you wanted something, Monsieur Dumas?"
"You know how much playwrights need accurate information, Monsieur Sanson. The moment may come for me to put Louis XVI on the stage. How much truth is there in the story of the wrestling bout between him and your father's assistants at the foot of the scaffold?"
"Oh, I can tell you that, Monsieur, I was there."
"I know, that's why it is you I'm asking."
"Well listen. The King had been driven to the scaffold in his own carriage and his hands were free. At the foot of the scaffold we decided to tie his hands, but less because we feared that he might defend himself than because we thought he might by an involuntary movement spoil his execution or make it more painful. So one assistant waited with a rope, while another said to him 'It is necessary to tie your hands'. On hearing these unexpected words, at the unexpected sight of that rope, Louis XVI made an involuntary gesture of repulsion. 'Never!' he cried, 'never!' and pushed back the man holding the rope. The other three assistants, believing that a struggle was imminent, dashed forward. That is the explanation of the moment of confusion interpreted after their fashion by the historians. It was then that my father approached and said, in the most respectful tone of voice imaginable, 'With a handkerchief, Sire'. At the word 'Sire', which he had not heard for so long, Louis XVI winced, and at the same moment his confessor had addressed a few words to him from the carriage,[2] said 'So be it, then, that too, my God!' and held out his hands."
Henri Sanson was family appointed Executioner of Paris from April 1793, and would later execute Marie Antoinette.[citation needed]
Madame de Staël[edit]
“ This man who lacked the strength necessary to hold on to his power, and made people doubt his courage every time he was in need of it to drive his enemies back; this man whose naturally timid intellect was unable either to believe in his own ideas, or even to adopt someone else's, showed himself abundantly capable of that most astonishing of determinations: to suffer and to die.[3] ”
Lebouche[edit]
Speaking to Victor Hugo in 1840, Leboucher, who had arrived in Paris from Bourges in December 1792 and was present at the execution of Louis XVI, recalled vividly:
“ Here are some unknown details. The executioners numbered four; two only performed the execution; the third stayed at the foot of the ladder, and the fourth was on the waggon which was to convey the King's body to the Madeleine Cemetery and which was waiting a few feet from the scaffold.
The executioners wore breeches, coats in the French style as the Revolution had modified it, and three-cornered hats with enormous tri-colour cockades.
They executed the King with their hats on, and it was without taking his hat off that Samson, [sic] seizing by the hair the severed head of Louis XVI., showed it to the people, and for a few moments let the blood from it trickle upon the scaffold.[4]
”
Louis Mercier[edit]
In Le nouveau Paris, Louis Sébastien Mercier describes the execution of Louis XVI in these words:
“ [...] is this really the same man that I see being jostled by four assistant executioners, forcibly undressed, his voice drowned out by the drums, trussed to a plank, still struggling, and receiving the heavy blade so badly that the cut does not go through his neck, but through the back of his head and his jaw, horribly? ”
Jacques de Molay[edit]
A popular but apocryphal legend associated with the execution states that as soon as the guillotine fell, an anonymous Freemason leaped on the scaffolding, plunged his hand into the blood, splashed drips of it onto the crown, and shouted, "Jacques de Molay, tu es vengé!" (usually translated as, "Jacques de Molay, thou art avenged"). De Molay (died 1314), the last Grand Master of the Knights Templar, had reportedly cursed Louis' ancestor Philip the Fair, after the latter had sentenced him to burn at the stake based on false confessions. The story spread widely and the phrase remains in use today to indicate the triumph of reason and logic over "religious superstition".[5]
Burial in the cemetery of the Madeleine[edit]
The body of Louis XVI was immediately transported to the old Church of the Madeleine (demolished in 1799), since the legislation in force forbade burial of his remains beside those of his father, the Dauphin Louis de France, at Sens. Two curates who had sworn fealty to the Revolution held a short memorial service at the church. One of them, Damoureau, stated in evidence:
“ Arriving at the cemetery, I called for silence. A detachment of Gendarmes showed us the body. It was clothed in a white vest and grey silk breeches with matching stockings. We chanted Vespers and the service for the dead. In pursuance of an executive order, the body lying in its open coffin was thrown onto a bed of quicklime at the bottom of the pit and covered by one of earth, the whole being firmly and thoroughly tamped down. Louis XVI's head was placed at his feet. ”
On 21 January 1815 Louis XVI and his wife's remains were re-buried in the Basilica of Saint-Denis where in 1816 his brother, King Louis XVIII, had a funerary monument erected by Edme Gaulle.
Today[edit]
The area where Louis XVI and later (16 October 1793) Marie Antoinette were buried, in the churchyard of St. Mary Magdaleine's, is today the "Square Louis XVI" greenspace, containing the classically self-effacing Expiatory Chapel completed in 1826 during the reign of Louis' youngest brother Charles X. The crypt altar stands above the exact spot where the remains of the Royal couple were originally laid to rest. The chapel narrowly escaped destruction on politico-ideological grounds during the violently anti-clerical period at the beginning of the 20th century.
Bibliography[edit]
Necker, Anne Louise Germaine, Considerations on the principal events of the French Revolution (1818)
Hugo, Victor, The Memoirs of Victor Hugo (1899)
Thompson, J.M., English Witnesses of the French Revolution (1938)
Paul and Pierrette Girault de Coursac have written a number of works on Louis XVI, including:
Louis XVI, Roi Martyr (1982) Tequi
Louis XVI, un Visage retrouvé (1990) O.E.I.L.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ From his Memoirs, published 1815.
Jump up ^ Father Edgeworth had reminded the King that on Good Friday Jesus had offered his hands to be tied.
Jump up ^ Considerations on the principal events of the French Revolution.
Jump up ^ "The Memoirs of Victor Hugo".
Jump up ^ DuQuette, Lon Milo (2006-04-01). The Key to Solomon's Key: Secrets of Magic and Masonry. CCC Publishing. pp. 47–48. ISBN 978-1-888729-14-6. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
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Star of Life
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The Star of Life represents emergency medical services such as ambulances.
The Star of Life is a blue, six-pointed star, outlined [1]with a white border which features the rod of Asclepius in the center, originally designed and governed by the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) under the jurisdiction of the United States Department of Transportation, DOT). Traditionally in the United States the logo was used as a stamp of authentication or certification for ambulances, paramedics or other EMS personnel. Internationally, it is a symbol that represents emergency medical services units and personnel.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 The snake emblem
3 Symbolism
4 Common use
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
Originally, many ambulances used a safety orange cross on a square background of reflectorized white to designate them as emergency medical units. This logo was used before national standards for Emergency Medical Personnel or ambulances were established. Designed by Leo R. Schwartz, Chief of the EMS Branch, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA),[2] the Star of Life was created after the American Red Cross complained in 1973 that the orange cross too closely resembled their logo, the red cross on a white background; such usage was restricted by the Geneva Conventions.[3]
The newly designed Star of Life was adapted from the Medical Identification Symbol of the American Medical Association,[4] which was trademarked by the American Medical Association (AMA) in 1967. The newly designed logo was trademarked on February 1, 1977 with the Commissioner of Patents and Trade-marks in the name of the National Highway Traffic Safety and Administration (registration number 1058022). The logo was "given" to the National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians (NREMT) for use as the emergency medical technicians (EMT) logo after the trademark expired in 1997.[5][citation needed]
The snake emblem[edit]
Further information: Serpent (Bible), Serpent (symbolism), and Snakes in mythology
The snake emblem is a symbol from the biblical account of the bronze snake found in Numbers 21:4-9. The Israelites grumbled against God and Moses for bringing them out of slavery in Egypt and into the desert. Specifically, the text says, "the people grew impatient on the way." As a result of their ungratefulness, God sent venomous snakes among them and many that were bitten died.
However, the people came to Moses and repented of their sin and God had mercy upon them. He commanded Moses to make a snake, put it upon a pole, and all who looked upon it would be healed. So Moses fashioned a bronze snake and put it up on a pole for all to see it and live. It was thereafter seen as symbol of healing.
Hundreds of years later, King Hezekiah of Judah (2 Kings 18:4), destroyed the idols and sacred stones the Israelites had come to worship. He took the bronze snake Moses had made and broke it into pieces because the people burned incense to it. The staff was called Nehushtan.
In the Gospel of John, a New Testament biography of Jesus of Nazareth, John the Disciple would record Jesus saying, "Just as Moses lifted up the snake in the desert, so the Son of Man must be lifted up, that everyone who believes in him may have eternal life." (John 3:14-15). Clearly Jesus saw the snake being lifted up to bring life to many as a type, or foreshadowing, of his own crucifixion.
The snake emblem also reflects the Rod of Asclepius, widely used as the symbol of medical care worldwide. There are several theories as to its development; it is named for the Greek mythological figure Asclepius, who was said to have possessed healing power.
It is often incorrectly depicted as a caduceus (a staff with two snakes and a pair of wings), a wand carried by Hermes that, in Greek mythology, saw two serpents entwined in mortal combat. Separating them with his wand he brought about peace between them, and as a result the wand with two serpents came to be seen as a sign of peace and negotiation (not healing).[6]
Alternative theories for this symbol include it being a reference to a traditional treatment of a parasitic nematode called Dracunculus medinensis or Guinea worm. The worm was considered quite painful, as it causes blisters on whatever limb it takes up residence in. To remove the parasite, doctors would cut a slit in the skin right in its path and, when it poked its head from the wound, take a small stick and slowly wrap the worm around it until it was fully removed.[7]
Symbolism[edit]
Six points on the Star of Life
The six branches of the star are symbols of the six main tasks executed by rescuers all through the emergency chain:[8]
Detection: The first rescuers on the scene, usually untrained civilians or those involved in the incident, observe the scene, understand the problem, identify the dangers to themselves and the others, and take appropriate measures to ensure their safety on the scene (environmental, electricity, chemicals, radiation, etc.).
Reporting: The call for professional help is made and dispatch is connected with the victims, providing emergency medical dispatch.
Response: The first rescuers provide first aid and immediate care to the extent of their capabilities.
On scene care: The EMS personnel arrive and provide immediate care to the extent of their capabilities on-scene.
Care in transit: The EMS personnel proceed to transfer the patient to a hospital via an ambulance or helicopter for specialized care. They provide medical care during the transportation.
Transfer to definitive care: Appropriate specialized care is provided at the hospital.
Common use[edit]
An ambulance in Lausanne (Switzerland) marked with multiple Stars of Life.
While no agency is tasked solely with enforcing its use as a mark of certification, the Star of Life has traditionally been used as a means of identification for medical personnel, equipment, and vehicles. Many ambulance services mark the symbol on their vehicles, and ambulance crews often wear the design as part of their uniform. It appears on various medical textbooks as well as on a wide range of merchandise aimed at the medic market. In hospitals and other buildings, elevators that are marked with the symbol indicate that the elevator is large enough to hold a stretcher.[9]
See also[edit]
First aid
Emergency Medical Technician
Emblems of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Methodist
Jump up ^ "The Star of Life". Gorham EMS. Archived from the original on 2007-06-30. Retrieved 2007-06-29.
Jump up ^ "Star of Life - The EMS Symbol". South Dakota EMS. Archived from the original on 2007-07-11. Retrieved 2007-06-29.
Jump up ^ Universal Medical Identification Symbol. Am J Dis Child. 1964;107(5):439. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1964.02080060441001
Jump up ^ "History of National Registry of EMTs". Archived from the original on 2007-06-07. Retrieved 2007-06-29.
Jump up ^ Tyson 1932:495
Jump up ^ http://mentalfloss.com/article/30751/what-do-snakes-and-sticks-have-do-doctors
Jump up ^ "Star of Life". Retrieved 2007-06-29.
Jump up ^ "Articles:Elevator Car Sizes". Hkaconsulting.com. 2011-07-11. Archived from the original on 2011-07-11. Retrieved 2012-09-25.
External links[edit]
Wikibooks:First Aid
Star of Life from EMS
The San Diego Paramedics: Caduceus
American Medical Association Policy H-130.987, Emergency Medical Identification Aids[dead link]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star_of_Life&oldid=843418448"
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interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
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values: スター・オブ・ライフ – Japanese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
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values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
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values: Звізда живота – Rusyn

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-rue
display: none;

values: Звезда жизни – Russian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sq
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
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values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
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values: ดาวแห่งชีวิต – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values: Зірка життя – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

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values:
suggestions
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