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Argon
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This article is about the chemical element. For other uses, see Argon (disambiguation).
Argon, 18Ar
General properties
Pronunciation
/ˈɑːrɡɒn/ (AR-gon)
Appearance
colorless gas exhibiting a lilac/violet glow when placed in an electric field
Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard)
7001399480000000000♠39.948(1)[1]
Argon in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
Ne
↑
Ar
↓
Kr
chlorine ← argon → potassium
Atomic number (Z)
18
Group
group 18 (noble gases)
Period
period 3
Element category
noble gas
Block
p-block
Electron configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p6
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 8
Physical properties
Phase (at STP)
gas
Melting point
83.81 K (−189.34 °C, −308.81 °F)
Boiling point
87.302 K (−185.848 °C, −302.526 °F)
Density (at STP)
1.784 g/L
when liquid (at b.p.)
1.3954 g/cm3
Triple point
83.8058 K, 68.89 kPa[2]
Critical point
150.687 K, 4.863 MPa[2]
Heat of fusion
1.18 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization
6.53 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity
20.85[3] J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
47 53 61 71 87
Atomic properties
Oxidation states
0
Electronegativity
Pauling scale: no data
Ionization energies
1st: 1520.6 kJ/mol
2nd: 2665.8 kJ/mol
3rd: 3931 kJ/mol
(more)
Covalent radius
106±10 pm
Van der Waals radius
188 pm
Spectral lines
Miscellanea
Crystal structure
face-centered cubic (fcc)
Speed of sound
323 m/s (gas, at 27 °C)
Thermal conductivity
17.72×10−3 W/(m·K)
Magnetic ordering
diamagnetic[4]
Magnetic susceptibility
−19.6·10−6 cm3/mol[5]
CAS Number
7440-37-1
History
Discovery and first isolation
Lord Rayleigh and William Ramsay (1894)
Main isotopes of argon
Isotope
Abundance
Half-life (t1/2)
Decay mode
Product
36Ar
0.334% stable
37Ar
syn 35 d ε 37Cl
38Ar
0.063% stable
39Ar
trace 269 y β− 39K
40Ar
99.604% stable
41Ar
syn 109.34 min β− 41K
42Ar
syn 32.9 y β− 42K
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Argon is a chemical element with symbol Ar and atomic number 18. It is in group 18 of the periodic table and is a noble gas.[6] Argon is the third-most abundant gas in the Earth's atmosphere, at 0.934% (9340 ppmv). It is more than twice as abundant as water vapor (which averages about 4000 ppmv, but varies greatly), 23 times as abundant as carbon dioxide (400 ppmv), and more than 500 times as abundant as neon (18 ppmv). Argon is the most abundant noble gas in Earth's crust, comprising 0.00015% of the crust.
Nearly all of the argon in the Earth's atmosphere is radiogenic argon-40, derived from the decay of potassium-40 in the Earth's crust. In the universe, argon-36 is by far the most common argon isotope, as it is the most easily produced by stellar nucleosynthesis in supernovas.
The name "argon" is derived from the Greek word ἀργόν, neuter singular form of ἀργός meaning "lazy" or "inactive", as a reference to the fact that the element undergoes almost no chemical reactions. The complete octet (eight electrons) in the outer atomic shell makes argon stable and resistant to bonding with other elements. Its triple point temperature of 83.8058 K is a defining fixed point in the International Temperature Scale of 1990.
Argon is produced industrially by the fractional distillation of liquid air. Argon is mostly used as an inert shielding gas in welding and other high-temperature industrial processes where ordinarily unreactive substances become reactive; for example, an argon atmosphere is used in graphite electric furnaces to prevent the graphite from burning. Argon is also used in incandescent, fluorescent lighting, and other gas-discharge tubes. Argon makes a distinctive blue-green gas laser. Argon is also used in fluorescent glow starters.
Contents
[hide]
1 Characteristics
2 History
3 Occurrence
4 Isotopes
5 Compounds
6 Production
6.1 Industrial
6.2 In radioactive decays
7 Applications
7.1 Industrial processes
7.2 Scientific research
7.3 Preservative
7.4 Laboratory equipment
7.5 Medical use
7.6 Lighting
7.7 Miscellaneous uses
8 Safety
9 See also
10 References
11 Further reading
12 External links
Characteristics[edit]
A small piece of rapidly melting solid argon
Argon has approximately the same solubility in water as oxygen and is 2.5 times more soluble in water than nitrogen. Argon is colorless, odorless, nonflammable and nontoxic as a solid, liquid or gas.[7] Argon is chemically inert under most conditions and forms no confirmed stable compounds at room temperature.
Although argon is a noble gas, it can form some compounds under extreme conditions. Argon fluorohydride (HArF), a compound of argon with fluorine and hydrogen that is stable below 17 K (−256.1 °C; −429.1 °F), has been demonstrated.[8][9] Although the neutral ground-state chemical compounds of argon are presently limited to HArF, argon can form clathrates with water when atoms of argon are trapped in a lattice of water molecules.[10] Ions, such as ArH+
, and excited-state complexes, such as ArF, have been demonstrated. Theoretical calculation predicts several more argon compounds that should be stable[11] but have not yet been synthesized.
History[edit]
Lord Rayleigh's method for the isolation of argon, based on an experiment of Henry Cavendish's. The gases are contained in a test-tube (A) standing over a large quantity of weak alkali (B), and the current is conveyed in wires insulated by U-shaped glass tubes (CC) passing through the liquid and round the mouth of the test-tube. The inner platinum ends (DD) of the wire receive a current from a battery of five Grove cells and a Ruhmkorff coil of medium size.
Argon (Greek ἀργόν, neuter singular form of ἀργός meaning "lazy" or "inactive"), is named in reference to its chemical inactivity. This chemical property of this first noble gas to be discovered impressed the namers.[12][13] An unreactive gas was suspected to be a component of air by Henry Cavendish in 1785. Argon was first isolated from air in 1894 by Lord Rayleigh and Sir William Ramsay at University College London by removing oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, and nitrogen from a sample of clean air.[14][15][16] They had determined that nitrogen produced from chemical compounds was 0.5% lighter than nitrogen from the atmosphere. The difference was slight, but it was important enough to attract their attention for many months. They concluded that there was another gas in the air mixed in with the nitrogen.[17] Argon was also encountered in 1882 through independent research of H. F. Newall and W. N. Hartley.[citation needed] Each observed new lines in the emission spectrum of air that did not match known elements.
Until 1957, the symbol for argon was "A", but now is "Ar".[18]
Aragon High School in San Mateo, California is named as such after the discovery of large amounts of Argon in the atmosphere around the location of the high school. The misspelling of the name "Aragon" is due to the common mispronunciation.
Occurrence[edit]
Argon constitutes 0.934% by volume and 1.288% by mass of the Earth's atmosphere,[19] and air is the primary industrial source of purified argon products. Argon is isolated from air by fractionation, most commonly by cryogenic fractional distillation, a process that also produces purified nitrogen, oxygen, neon, krypton and xenon.[20] The Earth's crust and seawater contain 1.2 ppm and 0.45 ppm of argon, respectively.[21]
Isotopes[edit]
Main article: Isotopes of argon
The main isotopes of argon found on Earth are 40
Ar (99.6%), 36
Ar (0.34%), and 38
Ar (0.06%). Naturally occurring 40
K, with a half-life of 1.25×109 years, decays to stable 40
Ar (11.2%) by electron capture or positron emission, and also to stable 40
Ca (88.8%) by beta decay. These properties and ratios are used to determine the age of rocks by K–Ar dating.[21][22]
In the Earth's atmosphere, 39
Ar is made by cosmic ray activity, primarily by neutron capture of 40
Ar followed by two-neutron emission. In the subsurface environment, it is also produced through neutron capture by 39
K, followed by proton emission. 37
Ar is created from the neutron capture by 40
Ca followed by an alpha particle emission as a result of subsurface nuclear explosions. It has a half-life of 35 days.[22]
Between locations in the Solar System, the isotopic composition of argon varies greatly. Where the major source of argon is the decay of 40
K in rocks, 40
Ar will be the dominant isotope, as it is on Earth. Argon produced directly by stellar nucleosynthesis, is dominated by the alpha-process nuclide 36
Ar. Correspondingly, solar argon contains 84.6% 36
Ar (according to solar wind measurements),[23] and the ratio of the three isotopes 36Ar : 38Ar : 40Ar in the atmospheres of the outer planets is 8400 : 1600 : 1.[24] This contrasts with the low abundance of primordial 36
Ar in Earth's atmosphere, which is only 31.5 ppmv (= 9340 ppmv × 0.337%), comparable with that of neon (18.18 ppmv) on Earth and with interplanetary gasses, measured by probes.
The atmospheres of Mars, Mercury and Titan (the largest moon of Saturn) contain argon, predominantly as 40
Ar, and its content may be as high as 1.93% (Mars).[25]
The predominance of radiogenic 40
Ar is the reason the standard atomic weight of terrestrial argon is greater than that of the next element, potassium, a fact that was puzzling when argon was discovered. Mendeleev positioned the elements on his periodic table in order of atomic weight, but the inertness of argon suggested a placement before the reactive alkali metal. Henry Moseley later solved this problem by showing that the periodic table is actually arranged in order of atomic number (see History of the periodic table).
Compounds[edit]
Main article: Argon compounds
Space-filling model of argon fluorohydride
Argon's complete octet of electrons indicates full s and p subshells. This full valence shell makes argon very stable and extremely resistant to bonding with other elements. Before 1962, argon and the other noble gases were considered to be chemically inert and unable to form compounds; however, compounds of the heavier noble gases have since been synthesized. The first argon compound with tungsten pentacarbonyl, W(CO)5Ar, was isolated in 1975. However it was not widely recognised at that time.[26] In August 2000, another argon compound, argon fluorohydride (HArF), was formed by researchers at the University of Helsinki, by shining ultraviolet light onto frozen argon containing a small amount of hydrogen fluoride with caesium iodide. This discovery caused the recognition that argon could form weakly bound compounds, even though it was not the first.[9][27][28] It is stable up to 17 kelvins (−256 °C). The metastable ArCF2+
2 dication, which is valence-isoelectronic with carbonyl fluoride and phosgene, was observed in 2010.[29] Argon-36, in the form of argon hydride (argonium) ions, has been detected in interstellar medium associated with the Crab Nebula supernova; this was the first noble-gas molecule detected in outer space.[30][31]
Solid argon hydride (Ar(H2)2) has the same crystal structure as the MgZn2 Laves phase. It forms at pressures between 4.3 and 220 GPa, though Raman measurements suggest that the H2 molecules in Ar(H2)2 dissociate above 175 GPa.[32]
Production[edit]
Industrial[edit]
Argon is produced industrially by the fractional distillation of liquid air in a cryogenic air separation unit; a process that separates liquid nitrogen, which boils at 77.3 K, from argon, which boils at 87.3 K, and liquid oxygen, which boils at 90.2 K. About 700,000 tonnes of argon are produced worldwide every year.[21][33]
In radioactive decays[edit]
40Ar, the most abundant isotope of argon, is produced by the decay of 40K with a half-life of 1.25×109 years by electron capture or positron emission. Because of this, it is used in potassium–argon dating to determine the age of rocks.
Applications[edit]
Cylinders containing argon gas for use in extinguishing fire without damaging server equipment
Argon has several desirable properties:
Argon is a chemically inert gas.
Argon is the cheapest alternative when nitrogen is not sufficiently inert.
Argon has low thermal conductivity.
Argon has electronic properties (ionization and/or the emission spectrum) desirable for some applications.
Other noble gases would be equally suitable for most of these applications, but argon is by far the cheapest. Argon is inexpensive, since it occurs naturally in air and is readily obtained as a byproduct of cryogenic air separation in the production of liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen: the primary constituents of air are used on a large industrial scale. The other noble gases (except helium) are produced this way as well, but argon is the most plentiful by far. The bulk of argon applications arise simply because it is inert and relatively cheap.
Industrial processes[edit]
Argon is used in some high-temperature industrial processes where ordinarily non-reactive substances become reactive. For example, an argon atmosphere is used in graphite electric furnaces to prevent the graphite from burning.
For some of these processes, the presence of nitrogen or oxygen gases might cause defects within the material. Argon is used in some types of arc welding such as gas metal arc welding and gas tungsten arc welding, as well as in the processing of titanium and other reactive elements. An argon atmosphere is also used for growing crystals of silicon and germanium.
See also: shielding gas
Argon is used in the poultry industry to asphyxiate birds, either for mass culling following disease outbreaks, or as a means of slaughter more humane than the electric bath. Argon is denser than air and displaces oxygen close to the ground during gassing.[34][35] Its non-reactive nature makes it suitable in a food product, and since it replaces oxygen within the dead bird, argon also enhances shelf life.[36]
Argon is sometimes used for extinguishing fires where valuable equipment may be damaged by water or foam.[37]
Scientific research[edit]
Liquid argon is used as the target for neutrino experiments and direct dark matter searches. The interaction between the hypothetical WIMPs and an argon nucleus produces scintillation light that is detected by photomultiplier tubes. Two-phase detectors containing argon gas are used to detect the ionized electrons produced during the WIMP–nucleus scattering. As with most other liquefied noble gases, argon has a high scintillation light yield (about 51 photons/keV[38]), is transparent to its own scintillation light, and is relatively easy to purify. Compared to xenon, argon is cheaper and has a distinct scintillation time profile, which allows the separation of electronic recoils from nuclear recoils. On the other hand, its intrinsic beta-ray background is larger due to 39
Ar contamination, unless one uses argon from underground sources, which has much less 39
Ar contamination. Most of the argon in the Earth’s atmosphere was produced by electron capture of long-lived 40
K (40
K + e− → 40
Ar + ν) present in natural potassium within the Earth. The 39
Ar activity in the atmosphere is maintained by cosmogenic production through the knockout reaction 40
Ar(n,2n)39
Ar and similar reactions. The half-life of 39
Ar is only 269 years. As a result, the underground Ar, shielded by rock and water, has much less 39
Ar contamination.[39] Dark-matter detectors currently operating with liquid argon include DarkSide, WArP, ArDM, microCLEAN and DEAP. Neutrino experiments include ICARUS and MicroBooNE, both of which use high-purity liquid argon in a time projection chamber for fine grained three-dimensional imaging of neutrino interactions.
Preservative[edit]
A sample of caesium is packed under argon to avoid reactions with air
Argon is used to displace oxygen- and moisture-containing air in packaging material to extend the shelf-lives of the contents (argon has the European food additive code E938). Aerial oxidation, hydrolysis, and other chemical reactions that degrade the products are retarded or prevented entirely. High-purity chemicals and pharmaceuticals are sometimes packed and sealed in argon.
In winemaking, argon is used in a variety of activities to provide a barrier against oxygen at the liquid surface, which can spoil wine by fueling both microbial metabolism (as with acetic acid bacteria) and standard redox chemistry.
Argon is sometimes used as the propellant in aerosol cans for such products as varnish, polyurethane, and paint, and to displace air when preparing a container for storage after opening.[40]
Since 2002, the American National Archives stores important national documents such as the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution within argon-filled cases to inhibit their degradation. Argon is preferable to the helium that had been used in the preceding five decades, because helium gas escapes through the intermolecular pores in most containers and must be regularly replaced.[41]
Laboratory equipment[edit]
Gloveboxes are often filled with argon, which recirculates over scrubbers to maintain an oxygen-, nitrogen-, and moisture-free atmosphere
See also: Air-free technique
Argon may be used as the inert gas within Schlenk lines and gloveboxes. Argon is preferred to less expensive nitrogen in cases where nitrogen may react with the reagents or apparatus.
Argon may be used as the carrier gas in gas chromatography and in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; it is the gas of choice for the plasma used in ICP spectroscopy. Argon is preferred for the sputter coating of specimens for scanning electron microscopy. Argon gas is also commonly used for sputter deposition of thin films as in microelectronics and for wafer cleaning in microfabrication.
Medical use[edit]
Cryosurgery procedures such as cryoablation use liquid argon to destroy tissue such as cancer cells. It is used in a procedure called "argon-enhanced coagulation", a form of argon plasma beam electrosurgery. The procedure carries a risk of producing gas embolism and has resulted in the death of at least one patient.[42]
Blue argon lasers are used in surgery to weld arteries, destroy tumors, and correct eye defects.[21]
Argon has also been used experimentally to replace nitrogen in the breathing or decompression mix known as Argox, to speed the elimination of dissolved nitrogen from the blood.[43]
Lighting[edit]
Argon gas-discharge lamp forming the symbol for argon "Ar"
Incandescent lights are filled with argon, to preserve the filaments at high temperature from oxidation. It is used for the specific way it ionizes and emits light, such as in plasma globes and calorimetry in experimental particle physics. Gas-discharge lamps filled with pure argon provide lilac/violet light; with argon and some mercury, blue light. Argon is also used for blue and green argon-ion lasers.
Miscellaneous uses[edit]
Argon is used for thermal insulation in energy-efficient windows.[44] Argon is also used in technical scuba diving to inflate a dry suit because it is inert and has low thermal conductivity.[45]
Argon is used as a propellant in the development of the Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket (VASIMR). Compressed argon gas is allowed to expand, to cool the seeker heads of some versions of the AIM-9 Sidewinder missile and other missiles that use cooled thermal seeker heads. The gas is stored at high pressure.[46]
Argon-39, with a half-life of 269 years, has been used for a number of applications, primarily ice core and ground water dating. Also, potassium–argon dating and related argon-argon dating is used to date sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks.[21]
Argon has been used by athletes as a doping agent to simulate hypoxic conditions. In 2014, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) added argon and xenon to the list of prohibited substances and methods, although at this time there is no reliable test for abuse.[47]
Safety[edit]
Although argon is non-toxic, it is 38% denser than air and therefore considered a dangerous asphyxiant in closed areas. It is difficult to detect because it is colorless, odorless, and tasteless. A 1994 incident, in which a man was asphyxiated after entering an argon-filled section of oil pipe under construction in Alaska, highlights the dangers of argon tank leakage in confined spaces and emphasizes the need for proper use, storage and handling.[48]
See also[edit]
Industrial gas
Oxygen–argon ratio, a ratio of two physically similar gases, which has importance in various sectors.
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Jump up ^ Xu, J.; Calaprice, F.; Galbiati, C.; Goretti, A.; Guray, G.; et al. (26 April 2012). "A Study of the Residual 39
Ar Content in Argon from Underground Sources". Astroparticle Physics. 66 (2015): 53–60. arXiv:1204.6011v1  . Bibcode:2015APh....66...53X. doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2015.01.002.
Jump up ^ Zawalick, Steven Scott "Method for preserving an oxygen sensitive liquid product" U.S. Patent 6,629,402 Issue date: 7 October 2003.
Jump up ^ "Schedule for Renovation of the National Archives Building". Retrieved 7 July 2009.
Jump up ^ "Fatal Gas Embolism Caused by Overpressurization during Laparoscopic Use of Argon Enhanced Coagulation". MDSR. 24 June 1994.
Jump up ^ Pilmanis Andrew A.; Balldin U. I.; Webb James T.; Krause K. M. (2003). "Staged decompression to 3.5 psi using argon–oxygen and 100% oxygen breathing mixtures". Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 74 (12): 1243–50. PMID 14692466.
Jump up ^ "Energy-Efficient Windows". FineHomebuilding.com. Retrieved 1 August 2009.
Jump up ^ Nuckols M. L.; Giblo J.; Wood-Putnam J. L. (15–18 September 2008). "Thermal Characteristics of Diving Garments When Using Argon as a Suit Inflation Gas". Proceedings of the Oceans 08 MTS/IEEE Quebec, Canada Meeting. MTS/IEEE. Retrieved 2 March 2009.
Jump up ^ "Description of Aim-9 Operation". planken.org. Archived from the original on 22 December 2008. Retrieved 1 February 2009.
Jump up ^ "WADA amends Section S.2.1 of 2014 Prohibited List". 31 August 2014.
Jump up ^ Alaska FACE Investigation 94AK012 (23 June 1994). "Welder's Helper Asphyxiated in Argon-Inerted Pipe – Alaska (FACE AK-94-012)". State of Alaska Department of Public Health. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
Further reading[edit]
Brown, T. L.; Bursten, B. E.; LeMay, H. E. (2006). J. Challice; N. Folchetti, eds. Chemistry: The Central Science (10th ed.). Pearson Education. pp. 276 & 289. ISBN 978-0-13-109686-8.
Triple point temperature: 83.8058 K – Preston-Thomas, H. (1990). "The International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90)". Metrologia. 27: 3–10. Bibcode:1990Metro..27....3P. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/27/1/002.
Triple point pressure: 69 kPa – Lide, D. R. (2005). "Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Melting, boiling, triple, and critical temperatures of the elements". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). CRC Press. §4. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
External links[edit]
Argon at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)
USGS Periodic Table – Argon
Diving applications: Why Argon?
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9
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15
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17
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1
H He
2
Li Be B C N O F Ne
3
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
4
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
5
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
6
Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
7
Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
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View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values:
/w/index.php?title=Argon&action=edit
Edit this page [ctrl-alt-e]
e

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
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p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
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Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
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Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

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Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Afrikaans
af
af
interlanguage-link-target

values: أرغون (عنصر كيميائي) – Arabic

values:
https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arqon
Arqon – Azerbaijani
az
az
interlanguage-link-target

values: আর্গন – Bangla

values: Аргон – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values: གཉུག་རླུང་། – Tibetan

values:
https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Bosnian
bs
bs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Breton
br
br
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arg%C3%B3
Argó – Catalan
ca
ca
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Cebuano
ceb
ceb
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Czech
cs
cs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argone
Argone – Corsican
co
co
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Welsh
cy
cy
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Danish
da
da
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – German
de
de
interlanguage-link-target

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values:
https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argoon
Argoon – Estonian
et
et
interlanguage-link-target

values: Αργό – Greek

values: Аргон – Erzya

values:
https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argono
Argono – Esperanto
eo
eo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Basque
eu
eu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Fiji Hindi
hif
hif
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Faroese
fo
fo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – French
fr
fr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Western Frisian
fy
fy
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Friulian
fur
fur
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Manx
gv
gv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Scottish Gaelic
gd
gd
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Galician
gl
gl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Hakka Chinese
hak
hak
interlanguage-link-target

values: Арһон – Kalmyk

values: आर्गन – Hindi

values:
https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Croatian
hr
hr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argono
Argono – Ido
io
io
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Indonesian
id
id
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Interlingua
ia
ia
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Icelandic
is
is
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

values: ארגון (יסוד) – Hebrew

values:
https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Javanese
jv
jv
interlanguage-link-target

values: ಆರ್ಗಾನ್ – Kannada

values:
https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Pampanga
pam
pam
interlanguage-link-target

values: Аргон – Kazakh

values:
https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arigoni
Arigoni – Swahili
sw
sw
interlanguage-link-target

values: Аргон – Komi

values:
https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agon
Agon – Haitian Creole
ht
ht
interlanguage-link-target

values: Аргон – Kyrgyz

values:
https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Latin
la
la
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argons
Argons – Latvian
lv
lv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Luxembourgish
lb
lb
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argonas
Argonas – Lithuanian
lt
lt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Ligurian
lij
lij
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Limburgish
li
li
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Livvi-Karelian
olo
olo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Lombard
lmo
lmo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Hungarian
hu
hu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Malay
ms
ms
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

values: आर्गन – Nepali

values: आर्गन – Newari

values:
https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Northern Frisian
frr
frr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Norwegian
no
no
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Norwegian Nynorsk
nn
nn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Occitan
oc
oc
interlanguage-link-target

values: ଆର୍ଗନ – Odia

values:
https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Uzbek
uz
uz
interlanguage-link-target

values: आर्गन – Pali

values:
https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Papiamento
pap
pap
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Low German
nds
nds
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Romanian
ro
ro
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argun
Argun – Quechua
qu
qu
interlanguage-link-target

values: Арґон – Rusyn

values:
https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Scots
sco
sco
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Saterland Frisian
stq
stq
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argoni
Argoni – Albanian
sq
sq
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Sicilian
scn
scn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Simple English
simple
simple
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Slovenian
sl
sl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aargon
Aargon – Somali
so
so
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Serbo-Croatian
sh
sh
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Sundanese
su
su
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Finnish
fi
fi
interlanguage-link-target

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle

values:
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Swedish
sv
sv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Tagalog
tl
tl
interlanguage-link-target

values: ஆர்கான் – Tamil

values: Аргон – Tatar

values: ఆర్గాన్ – Telugu

values: อาร์กอน – Thai

values: Аргон – Tajik

values:
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Turkish
tr
tr
interlanguage-link-target

values: ئارگون – Uyghur

values:
https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Veps
vep
vep
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Vietnamese
vi
vi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Waray
war
war
interlanguage-link-target

values: ארגאן (עלעמענט) – Yiddish

values:
https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Argon – Zazaki
diq
diq
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A9
氩 – Chinese
zh
zh
interlanguage-link-target

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