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Good Times
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For the Chinese television series, see Good Times (TV series). For other uses, see Good Times (disambiguation).
Good Times
Genre
Sitcom
Created by
Eric Monte
Michael Evans
Developed by
Norman Lear
Directed by
Gerren Keith
Herbert Kenwith
Bob LaHendro
Donald McKayle
Perry Rosemond
Starring
Esther Rolle
John Amos (Seasons 1–3)
Jimmie Walker
Ja'net Dubois
Bern Nadette Stanis
Ralph Carter
Johnny Brown (Seasons 2-6)
Janet Jackson (Seasons 5–6)
Ben Powers (Season 6)
Theme music composer
Dave Grusin
Alan Bergman
Marilyn Bergman
Opening theme
"Good Times" performed by Jim Gilstrap and Blinky Williams
Composer(s)
Dave Grusin
Alan and Marilyn Bergman
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
6
No. of episodes
133 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Norman Lear (1974–75)
Allan Manings (1974–77)
Austin and Irma Kalish (1976–78)
Norman Paul (1975–79)
Producer(s)
Allan Manings
Jack Elinson (1975–76)
Norman Paul
Austin and Irma Kalish
Lloyd Turner (1977–78)
Gordon Mitchell (1977–78)
Sid Dorfman (1978–79)
Location(s)
CBS Television City, Hollywood, California (1974–75)
Metromedia Square, Hollywood, California (1975–79)
Camera setup
Multi-camera
Running time
22–24 minutes
Production company(s)
Tandem Productions
Distributor
PITS Films (1978–82)
Embassy Telecommunications (1982–86)
Embassy Communications (1986–88)
Columbia Pictures Television (1988–96)
Columbia TriStar Television (1996–2002)
Sony Pictures Television (2002–present)
Release
Original network
CBS
Original release
February 8, 1974 (1974-02-08) – August 1, 1979 (1979-08-01)
Chronology
Preceded by
All in the Family
Maude
Related shows
Checking In
The Jeffersons
Archie Bunker's Place
Gloria
704 Hauser
Good Times is an American sitcom that aired on CBS from February 8, 1974, to August 1, 1979. It was created by Eric Monte and Mike Evans, and developed by Norman Lear, the series' primary executive producer. Good Times was a spin-off of Maude, which was itself a spin-off of All in the Family.
Contents
[hide]
1 Synopsis
1.1 Cast conflicts
1.2 Final seasons
2 Cast and characters
2.1 Main
2.2 Minor characters
2.3 Notable guest stars
3 Production notes
3.1 Theme song and opening sequence
4 Episodes
5 Reception
5.1 Ratings
6 Awards and nominations
7 Syndication
8 DVD releases
9 References
10 External links
Synopsis[edit]
John Amos and Esther Rolle, 1974
Florida and James Evans and their three children live at 921 N. Gilbert Ave., apartment 17C, in a housing project in a poor, black neighborhood in inner-city Chicago. The project is unnamed on the show, but is implicitly the infamous Cabrini–Green projects, shown in the opening and closing credits.[1][2] Florida and James have three children: James Jr., also known as "J.J."; Thelma; and Michael, called "the militant midget" by his father due to his passionate activism. When the series begins, J.J. is seventeen years old, Thelma is sixteen, and Michael is eleven. Their exuberant neighbor, and Florida's best friend, is Willona Woods, a recent divorcée who works at a boutique. Their building superintendent is Nathan Bookman (seasons 2–6), who James, Willona and later J.J. refer to as "Buffalo Butt", or, even more derisively, "Booger".
Florida and son J.J., 1974
The characters originated on the sitcom Maude as Florida and Henry Evans, with Florida employed as Maude Findlay's housekeeper in Tuckahoe, New York, and Henry employed as a firefighter. When producers decided to feature the Florida character in her own show, they changed the characters' history: Henry's name became James, there was no mention of Maude, and the couple lived in Chicago.[3]
Episodes of Good Times deal with the characters' attempts to overcome poverty living in a high rise project building in Chicago. James Evans often works at least two jobs, mostly manual labor such as dishwasher, construction laborer, etc. Often he is unemployed, but he is a proud man who will not accept charity. When he has to, he hustles money playing pool, although Florida disapproves of this.
Cast conflicts[edit]
Good Times was intended to be a good show for Esther Rolle and John Amos. Both expected the show to deal with serious topics in a comedic way while providing positive characters for viewers to identify with.
However, Jimmie Walker's character of J.J. was an immediate hit with audiences and became the breakout character of the series. J.J.'s frequent use of the expression "Dy-no-mite!" (often in the phrase "Kid Dy-no-mite!"), credited to director John Rich, became a popular catchphrase (later included in TV Land's The 100 Greatest TV Quotes and Catch Phrases special).[4] Rich insisted Walker say it in every episode. Walker and executive producer Norman Lear were skeptical of the idea, but the phrase and the J.J. Evans character caught on with the audience.[5] As a result of the character's popularity, the writers focused more on J.J.'s comedic antics instead of serious issues.
Through seasons two and three, Rolle and Amos grew increasingly disillusioned with the direction of the show and especially with J.J.'s antics and stereotypically buffoonish behavior.[6] Rolle was vocal about her dislike of his character. In a 1975 interview with Ebony magazine she stated:
He's 18 and he doesn't work. He can't read or write. He doesn't think. The show didn't start out to be that...Little by little—with the help of the artist, I suppose, because they couldn't do that to me—they have made J.J. more stupid and enlarged the role. Negative images have been slipped in on us through the character of the oldest child.[7]
Although doing so less publicly, Amos also was outspoken about his dissatisfaction with the J.J. character. Amos stated:
The writers would prefer to put a chicken hat on J.J. and have him prance around saying "DY-NO-MITE", and that way they could waste a few minutes and not have to write meaningful dialogue.[8]
While Amos was less public with his dissatisfaction, he was ultimately fired after season three due to disagreements with Norman Lear. Amos' departure was initially attributed to his desire to focus on a film career, but he admitted in a 1976 interview that Lear called him and told him that his contract option with the show was not being renewed. Amos stated, "That's the same thing as being fired."[9] The producers decided not to recast the character of James Evans, instead opting to kill off the character in the two-part season four episode, "The Big Move".[10][11]
Final seasons[edit]
By the end of season four, Esther Rolle had also become dissatisfied with the show's direction and decided to leave the series. In the final two episodes of the season, "Love Has a Spot On His Lung", Rolle's character gets engaged to Carl Dixon (Moses Gunn), a man she began dating toward the end of season four. In the season five premiere episode, it is revealed that Florida and Carl married off screen and moved to Arizona for the sake of Carl's health.[12]
With Amos and Rolle gone, Ja'net Dubois took over as the lead character, as Willona checked in on the Evans children since they were now living alone.[2][13] In season five Janet Jackson joined the cast, playing Penny Gordon Woods, an abused girl who is abandoned by her mother and eventually adopted by Willona.[12]
Before taping of season six began, CBS and the show's producers decided that they had to do "something drastic" to increase viewership. According to then-vice president of CBS programming Steve Mills, "We had lost the essence of the show. Without parental guidance the show slipped. Everything told us that: our mail, our phone calls, our research. We felt we had to go back to basics."[12]
Producers approached Esther Rolle with an offer to appear in a guest role on the series. Rolle was initially hesitant but when producers agreed to a number of her demands (including an increased salary and higher quality scripts), she agreed to return to the series on a full-time basis. Rolle also wanted producers to make the character of J.J. more responsible, as she felt the character was a poor role model for black American youths. She also requested that producers write out the character of Carl Dixon; Rolle reportedly disliked the storyline surrounding the Carl Dixon character, as she believed Florida would not have moved on so quickly after James' death or leave her children. Rolle also thought the writers had disregarded Florida's devout Christian beliefs by having her fall for and marry Carl, who was an atheist.[12][14]
In the season six premiere episode "Florida's Homecoming: Part 1", Florida returns from Arizona without Carl to attend Thelma's upcoming wedding to professional football player Keith Anderson (Ben Powers, who joined the cast for the final season). In a rare uncut version of "Florida's Homecoming: Part 2", after Florida arrives home from Arizona, Willona briefly pulls her aside and mentions Carl, to which Florida sadly smiles and shakes her head implying that Carl had died from cancer. Florida later mentions Carl one last time when she tells Michael about a book they'd both bought him.[3] Despite changes in the series at Esther Rolle's request and her return, ratings did not improve and CBS canceled the series during the 1978–79 season.[15][16]
In the series finale, "The End of the Rainbow", each character finally gets a "happy ending." J.J. gets his big break as an artist for a comic book company with his newly created character, DynoWoman, which is based on Thelma (much to her surprise and delight), and is moving into an apartment with some lady friends. Michael attends college and moves into an on-campus dorm. Keith's bad knee heals due to his exercise and own physical therapy, leading to the Chicago Bears offering him a contract to play football. Keith announces that he and Thelma are moving into a luxury apartment in the city's upscale Gold Coast district. Thelma also announces that she is pregnant with the couple's first child. Keith offers Florida the chance to move in with them so she can help Thelma with the new baby. Willona becomes the head buyer of the boutique she works in and announces that she and Penny are also moving out of the projects. Willona then reveals that her new apartment is in the same apartment building that Keith, Thelma and Florida are moving to; once again, she and Penny become the Evans' downstairs neighbors.[16]
Cast and characters[edit]
Main[edit]
Actor
Character
Seasons
1
2
3
4
5
6
Esther Rolle Florida Evans Main Main
John Amos James Evans Main
Ja'net Dubois Willona Woods Main
Jimmie Walker James "J.J." Evans, Jr. Main
Ralph Carter Michael Evans Main
Bern Nadette Stanis* Thelma Evans Anderson Main
Johnny Brown Nathan Bookman Recurring Main
Janet Jackson Millicent "Penny" Gordon Woods Main
Ben Powers Keith Anderson Main
*Bern Nadette Stanis was credited as "Bern Nadette" during early episodes of season one, and later as "Bernnadette Stanis."
Minor characters[edit]
Ned the Wino (Raymond Allen) is the local drunk who frequents the neighborhood and the apartment building where the Evans family reside. In the season one episode "Black Jesus", J.J. uses Ned the Wino as the model for a portrait of Jesus. Another episode is centered on Michael's plan to "clean up" Ned and get him off the booze by letting him stay at the Evans' house.
Carl Dixon (Moses Gunn) is an atheist shop owner who Michael briefly works for. Despite their religious differences, Carl and Florida begin dating and become engaged in the final episode of season four. Carl breaks off the engagement after he is diagnosed with lung cancer. After a talk from Bookman, Carl again asks Florida for her hand in marriage. The two marry off-screen and move to Arizona. Florida returns at the beginning of season six, without Carl, for Thelma's wedding. Carl is referenced briefly in episode two of season six, but he is never mentioned again (Florida continues to use the surname Evans instead of Dixon). (Esther Rolle decided to come back to the show if the character was written out.) Florida then revealed he died from his battle of lung cancer.
Marion "Sweet Daddy" Williams (Theodore Wilson) is a menacing neighborhood numbers runner and pimp, who has a reputation for wearing flashy clothing and jewelry. He is usually accompanied by bodyguards (one portrayed by Bubba Smith, the other by series painter Ernie Barnes) and comes across as cool and threatening, but has shown a soft heart on occasion, particularly when he decided not to take an antique locket (to settle a debt) that Florida had given to Thelma because it had reminded him of his late mother. (Wilson also plays a club owner named Stanley in the season four episode, "The Comedian and the Loan Sharks").
Alderman Fred C. Davis (Albert Reed, Jr.) is a local politician with a slightly shady disposition whom the Evans generally despise. Spoofing President Richard M. Nixon, he would state in a speech "I am not a crook." He frequently relies on the support of the Evans family (his "favorite project family") for reelection or support and resorts to threats of eviction to secure their support. In a running joke, Alderman Davis frequently forgets Willona's name and calls her another similar-sounding name that began with a "W" (such as Wilhemina, Winnifrieda, Winsomnium, Wyomia and even Waldorf-Astoria), thus earning him her everlasting ire as well as the nickname "Baldy".
Lenny (Dap 'Sugar' Willie) is a neighborhood hustler and peddler who tries to sell presumably stolen items that are usually attached to the lining of his fur coat. He usually approaches people with a laid-back rap and a rhyme ("my name is Len-nay, if I ain't got it, there ain't an-nay"). He is typically rebuffed by the people he approaches and responds by saying "that's cold" or uses a small brush to "brush off" the negativity.
"Grandpa" Henry Evans (Richard Ward) is James' long lost father. He abandoned the family years before because he was ashamed that he could not do more to provide for them. This hurt James deeply, who disregarded his father's existence, telling everyone he was dead. Thelma learns about her grandfather while doing some family research. She meets him and invites him to the Evans' home to surprise James for his birthday, not knowing that James was well aware of his whereabouts but chose to stay out of his life. After Henry arrives at the Evans home and meets the rest of the family, he realizes that James would not welcome him in the home and decides to leave. Florida convinces him to stay and talk to James and explains that there may never be another chance to do so. Henry and James have a heart-to-heart talk, with Henry being remorseful and apologetic. James ultimately forgives his father. After James' death, the Evans family embraces Henry into the family, alongside his common law (and eventually legal) wife Lena in later episodes.
Wanda (Helen Martin) is another resident in the apartment building where the Evans reside. Earlier episodes show her at a women's support group, and the tenants rallying around her by giving her a rent party. Later episodes show her appearing and crying at several funerals, whether she knew the person or not, thus earning her the nickname "Weeping Wanda" from J.J. and Willona.
Mrs. Lynnetta Gordon (Chip Fields) is Penny's abusive biological mother. Her first appearance is in the four part Fifth season opening episode, "The Evans Get Involved". Penny's father abandoned Mrs. Gordon when she became pregnant. As a result, she takes her anger and frustrations out on Penny, including burning her with a hot iron. After the abuse is finally brought to light, (during which Mrs. Gordon gets into a shouting match with Willona and Thelma) she abandons Penny, despite Willona and Thelma's pleas to her to seek help. Just before she disappears, Mrs. Gordon expresses regret for hurting her child, telling Willona that Penny deserves better than her. This clears the way for Willona to adopt Penny. She reappears more than a year later, in the sixth-season episode, "A Matter of Mothers", having remarried, and reveals that her new husband is from a very wealthy family. Mrs. Gordon uses her husband's wealth to send Penny anonymous gifts and, in an effort to regain custody of Penny, she also attempts to frame Willona as an unfit adoptive parent who throws wild parties with less than wholesome attendees. However, her scheme is exposed by being recorded on tape admitting that the scheme was a set up to get Penny back. After trying to get the tape from Penny and threatening her again with physical abuse (which is stopped by Willona), Penny outright rejects Mrs. Gordon, telling her birth mother that no matter what anyone says, she would always consider Willona to be her real mother. Mrs. Gordon is devastated by this, agrees to drop the charges against Willona and leaves Penny with her, never to be seen again.
Cleatus (Jack Baker) is a cousin of J.J. Evans, Thelma Evans Anderson, and Michael Evans and nephew of Florida Evans and James Evans. He made one appearance in the episode "Cousin Cleatus".
Violet Bookman (Marilyn Coleman) is the wife of Bookman (episodes: "Bye, Bye Bookman" and "Willona, the Other Woman" in season 5).
Notable guest stars[edit]
Louis Gossett, Jr. as Florida's brother, Wilbert
Debbie Allen as J.J.'s drug-addicted fiancee, Diana in "J.J.'s Fiancee (Parts 1 & 2)" (season 3)
Matthew "Stymie" Beard (former Our Gang child actor) in five episodes, including four appearances as James' friend Monty
Sorrell Booke as Mr. Galbraith, J.J.'s boss at the ad agency (season 5, episode 17)
Roscoe Lee Browne as a shady televangelist Reverend Sam "the Happiness Man", who befriended James in the military (season 1, episode 4)
T. K. Carter as J.J.'s friend "Head" (part of the "Awesome Foursome", later the "Gleesome Threesome", the "Gruesome Twosome" and the "Lonesome Onesome", as stated in the episode "The New Car"
Rosalind Cash as Thelma's teacher, Jessica Bishop, who becomes romantically involved with a much younger J.J. (season 4, episode 3)
Judith Cohen as herself in the episode "The Judy Cohen Story" (season 4, episode 12)
Gary Coleman as Gary, a sharp-tongued classmate of Penny's in two season five episodes
Conchata Ferrell as Miss Johnson, Willona's supervisor at her short-lived second job as security in a department store (season 5, episode 6)
Kim Fields (real-life daughter of Chip Fields) as Penny's friend, Kim, who has a tendency to add the suffix "-ness" to emphasize her anxiety such as "hopelessnessness" (2 season 6 episodes)
Carl Franklin as Larry, Thelma's fiance', ultimately breaking up when Larry is offered a job on the West Coast and Thelma is not ready to accompany him (2 episodes)
Alice Ghostley as Ms Dobbs, a social worker who is working on Penny being adopted by Willona (3 episodes)
Ron Glass as Michael's elementary school principal (2.4); also made an appearance as a blind encyclopedia salesman who tries to swindle the Evans family (2.8)
Louis Gossett, Jr., in season two as Thelma's older boyfriend, which Florida and James object to their relationship because of the age difference (2.6); also appears as Uncle Wilbert (Florida's brother), who comes from Detroit to look in on the family while James is away (3.8)
Robert Guillaume as Fishbone the wino in the episode "Requiem for a Wino" (season 5, episode 11)
Phillip Baker Hall as Motel Owner in the episode "J.J.'s Fiancee (Part 2)" (season 3, episode 18)
Shirley Hemphill as "Roz", the dimwitted sister of Edna, who was being tutored by Thelma (season 4, episode 10)
Gordon Jump as Mr. Rogers, the head of security at Willona's short-lived second job as security in a department store (season 5, episode 6)
Paula Kelly as Dr. Kelly in the episode "Where Have All The Doctors Gone" (season 6, episode 17)
Jay Leno as "Young Man" in the season three's "J.J. in Trouble", which was one of the first times that the subject of "VD" (STD) was addressed on a primetime series
Calvin Lockhart as Florida's cousin Raymond, who earned his riches by betting on horses (season 6, episode 23)
Don Marshall as FBI Agent Lloyd in the episode " The Investigation" (season 3, episode 20).
Paul Mooney as "The Second Guy" in the episode "J.J. and T.C." (season 6)
Debbi Morgan as Samantha, a date of J.J.'s (3.23); and as Ellen (4.18)
J. A. Preston as Walter Ingles in the episode "Wilona's Dilemma" (season 3, episode 10)
Charlotte Rae as a hiring manager for a sales job that Florida stole from James (season 2, episode 14)
Sheryl Lee Ralph as Vanessa in the episode "J.J. and The Plumber's Helper" (season 6, episode 9)
Bubba Smith as Claude, a bodyguard/thug working for Marion "Sweet Daddy" Williams (4 season 6 episodes)
Thalmus Rasulala as Ernie Harris, a childhood friend of James with a gambling problem (season 3, episode 20)
Philip Michael Thomas as Eddie, Thelma's college-age boyfriend (season 1, episode 6)
Adam Wade as successful businessman Frank Mason, Willona's boyfriend (2 season 5 episodes)
Vernee Watson-Johnson as Thelma's friend and college mate Valerie, in the episode "Thelma's African Romance (Part 1)" (season 4)
Carl Weathers as Calvin Brooks, husband of the 'nude' model for J.J.'s painting (season 2, episode 16)
Hal Williams as one of the movers in a season one episode; James' friend, Willie Washington (season 2); and Mr. Mitchell, the father of Earl Mitchell, who is an art student of J.J.'s (season 6)
John Witherspoon as Officer Lawson in the episode "A Matter of Mothers" (season 6, episode 20)
Production notes[edit]
Good Times was created by Eric Monte and actor Mike Evans. The series also features a character named "Michael Evans", after co-creator Mike Evans who portrayed Lionel Jefferson on the Norman Lear-produced series All in the Family and The Jeffersons.[17]
Theme song and opening sequence[edit]
The gospel-styled theme song was composed by Dave Grusin with lyrics written by Alan and Marilyn Bergman. It was sung by Jim Gilstrap and Motown singer Blinky Williams with a gospel choir providing background vocals.
The lyrics to the theme song are notorious for being hard to discern, notably the line "Hangin' in a chow line"/"Hangin' in and jivin'" (depending on the source used). Dave Chappelle used this part of the lyrics as a quiz in his "I Know Black People" skit on Chappelle's Show in which the former was claimed as the answer.[18] The insert for the Season One DVD box set has the lyric as "Hangin' in a chow line". However, the Bergmans confirmed that the lyric is actually "Hangin' in and jivin'."[18] Slightly different lyrics were used for the closing credits, with the song beginning on a verse instead of the chorus.
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of Good Times episodes
Reception[edit]
Ratings[edit]
The Evans family (l–r) Michael, Thelma, J.J., Florida, and James
The program premiered in February 1974; high ratings led CBS to renew the program for the 1974–75 season, as it was the seventeenth-highest-rated program that year. During its first full season on the air, 1974–75, the show was the seventh-highest-rated program in the Nielsen ratings, with more than 25% of all American households tuning into an episode each week. Three of the top ten highest-rated programs on American TV that season centered on the lives of African-Americans: Sanford and Son, The Jeffersons, and Good Times.
The Nielsen ratings for the series declined over time, partly because of its many time slot changes and the departure of John Amos.[19] The ratings went down considerably when the show entered its final two seasons:
Season
TV Season
No. of Episodes
Time slot (ET)
Nielsen ratings[20]
Rank
Rating
1 1973–1974 13 Friday at 8:30 pm 17 21.4 (Tied with Barnaby Jones)
2 1974–1975 24 Tuesday at 8:00 pm 7 25.8
3 1975–1976 24 24 21.0
4 1976–1977 24 Wednesday at 8:00 pm (Episodes 1-15, 17-24)
Wednesday at 8:30 pm (Episode 16) 26 20.5
5 1977–1978 24 Wednesday at 8:00 pm (Episodes 1, 3-16)
Wednesday at 8:30 pm (Episode 2)
Monday at 8:00 pm (Episodes 17-24) 53 [21] N/A
6 1978–1979 22 Saturday at 8:00 pm (Episode 1)
Saturday at 8:30 pm (Episodes 2-10)
Wednesday at 8:30 pm (Episodes 11-22) 83 [22] 14.4 [23]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Association
Category
Recipient(s) / work
Result
1974 Golden Globe Awards Best Supporting Actor – Television Jimmie Walker Nominated
1975 Best TV Actress – Musical/Comedy Esther Rolle Nominated
Best Supporting Actor – Television Jimmie Walker Nominated
Humanitas Prize 30 Minute Category John Baskin and Roger Shulman / episode: "The Lunch Money Ripoff" Nominated
30 Minute Category Bob Peete / episode: "My Girl Henrietta" Nominated
2006 TV Land Awards Impact Award John Amos, Ralph Carter, Ja'net DuBois, Esther Rolle (posthumously), BernNadette Stanis, and Jimmie Walker Won
Syndication[edit]
The cable network TV One aired reruns of the show since its launch on January 19, 2004 until 2012. The network began airing the series again in June 2013. Good Times has also aired at various times on TV Land, Antenna TV and on the Canadian specialty cable channel DejaView. Minisodes of the show are available for free on Crackle.
DVD releases[edit]
Sony Pictures Home Entertainment released the entire series on DVD in Region 1 between February 2003 and August 2006, with a complete box set following the separate seasons on October 28, 2008. Season 1 was released on DVD in Region 4 on December 27, 2006.
On August 27, 2013, it was announced that Mill Creek Entertainment had acquired the rights to various television series from the Sony Pictures library including Good Times.[24] They have subsequently re-released the first four seasons on DVD.[25][26]
On September 1, 2015, Mill Creek Entertainment re-release Good Times- The Complete Series on DVD in Region 1.[27]
DVD name
Ep #
Release date
The Complete First Season 13 February 4, 2003
January 21, 2014 (re-release)
The Complete Second Season 24 February 3, 2004
January 21, 2014 (re-release)
The Complete Third Season 24 August 10, 2004
May 20, 2014 (re-release)
The Complete Fourth Season 24 February 15, 2005
May 20, 2014 (re-release)
The Complete Fifth Season 24 August 23, 2005
The Complete Sixth and Final Season 24 August 1, 2006
The Complete Series 133 October 28, 2008
September 1, 2015 (re-release)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Cabrini-Green Set For Demolition". cbslocal.com. December 9, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Simms, Gregory (September 8, 1977). "Ja'Net DuBois Tells Diet And 'Good Times' Secrets During Swing Through Chi.". Jet. Vol. 52 no. 25. Johnson Publishing Company. pp. 62–63. ISSN 0021-5996.
^ Jump up to: a b Brooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle F. (October 17, 2007). The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows, 1946-Present (9 ed.). Ballantine Books. p. 869. ISBN 0-345-49773-2.
Jump up ^ The Star Ledger. December 11, 2006
Jump up ^ "Jimmie 'J.J.' Walker lights 'Dy-no-mite' on gay marriage, Leno and dating". CNN. July 16, 2012. Retrieved February 12, 2012.
Jump up ^ Fearn-Banks, Kathleen (August 4, 2009). The A to Z of African-American Television. 49. Scarecrow Press. p. 169. ISBN 0-810-86348-0.
Jump up ^ Robinson, Louie (September 1975). "Bad Times On the 'Good Times' Set". Ebony. Vol. 30 no. 11. Johnson Publishing Company. p. 35. ISSN 0012-9011.
Jump up ^ Mitchell, John L. (April 14, 2006). "Plotting His Next Big Break". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 12, 2006. Retrieved July 25, 2006.
Jump up ^ "'I Was Fired,' Reveals Good Times' John Amos". Jet. Vol. 50 no. 10. Johnson Publishing Company. May 27, 1976. p. 57. ISSN 0021-5996.
Jump up ^ Dawidziak, Mark (January 17, 1994). "Lear, Amos paired up again". Herald-Journal. p. C3. Retrieved February 24, 2013.
Jump up ^ 5000 Episodes and No Commercials: The Ultimate Guide to TV Shows On DVD. Random House Digital, Inc. November 9, 2011. p. 125. ISBN 0-307-79950-6.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Marguiles, Lee (June 10, 1978). "Esther Rolle Returning To 'Good Times'". St. Petersburg Times. p. 11B. Retrieved February 24, 2013.
Jump up ^ Beck, Marilyn (September 23, 1977). "It's 'good times' for Ja'net Dubois". St. Petersburg Times. p. 14D. Retrieved February 24, 2013.
Jump up ^ Brooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle F. (October 17, 2007). The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows, 1946-Present (9 ed.). Ballantine Books. p. 552. ISBN 0-345-49773-2.
Jump up ^ Newcomb 2004 p.1012
^ Jump up to: a b Bodroghkozy, Aniko (January 1, 2012). Equal Time: Television and the Civil Rights Movement. University of Illinois Press. p. 223. ISBN 0-252-09378-X.
Jump up ^ Lewis, Dan (February 19, 1974). "Good Times Is Maude Spinoff". St. Joseph News-Press. p. 15. Retrieved February 24, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Backstage with... Alan and Marilyn Bergman". timeout.com. Time Out New York. February 1, 2007. Retrieved July 31, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Good Times In Trouble; Jeffersons Holding Own". Jet. Vol. 55 no. 13. Johnson Publishing Company. December 14, 1978. p. 64. ISSN 0021-5996.
Jump up ^ Brooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle (2007). The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows 1946-Present (Ninth Edition). Ballantine Books. pp. 1687–1688. ISBN 978-0-345-49773-4.
Jump up ^ http://www.revealshot.com/good-times-movie-is-bad-idea-but-could-be-cathartic-for-series-co-creator-eric-monte/
Jump up ^ http://www.revealshot.com/good-times-movie-is-bad-idea-but-could-be-cathartic-for-series-co-creator-eric-monte/
Jump up ^ http://www.revealshot.com/good-times-movie-is-bad-idea-but-could-be-cathartic-for-series-co-creator-eric-monte/
Jump up ^ Lacey, Gord (August 27, 2013). "Mill Creek Entertainment Signs Deals With Sony Pictures Home Entertainment To Expand Their Distribution Partnership". tvshowsondvd.com.
Jump up ^ Lambert, David (November 8, 2013). "Dyn-O-Mite! Mill Creek Brings the First Two Seasons Back to DVD Soon!". tvshowsondvd.com.
Jump up ^ Lambert, David (April 15, 2014). "Good Times - We've Got Mill Creek's Box Art Now for Their 3rd and 4th Season Re-Releases!". tvshowsondvd.com.
Jump up ^ "Good Times DVD news: Announcement for Good Times - The Complete Series - TVShowsOnDVD.com".
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Good Times.
Good Times on IMDb
Good Times at TV.com
Good Times at TVLand.com
[show]
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Live at Luna Park
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Live at Luna Park
Cover art by Hugh Syme
Live album by Dream Theater
Released
November 5, 2013 (2013-11-05)
Recorded
August 19 – August 20, 2012
Venue
Luna Park Stadium, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Genre
Progressive metal, progressive rock
Length
188:58
Label
Eagle Rock Entertainment
Dream Theater chronology
Dream Theater
(2013)Dream Theater2013 Live at Luna Park
(2013) Breaking the Fourth Wall
(2014)Breaking the Fourth Wall2014
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source
Rating
AllMusic [1]
Dangerdog [2]
About.com [3]
Live at Luna Park is the 7th live album and video by American progressive metal band Dream Theater, released on November 5, 2013 through Eagle Rock Entertainment. The concert film was produced by Over The Edge Productions[4] and directed by Mike Leonard.[5] The album is available as a two-disc DVD, single-disc Blu-ray, 2DVD/3CD, Blu-ray/3CD, and a deluxe edition box set including all three formats with a 40-page book. Both the album and video are also available as digital downloads.[6]
The album was recorded over two nights at Luna Park Stadium in Buenos Aires in August 2012. It is Dream Theater's first live recording to feature drummer Mike Mangini, following Mike Portnoy's departure in 2010.[7] At almost 189 minutes, it is Dream Theater's longest album.
Contents
[hide]
1 Track listing
1.1 Special edition CD
2 Personnel
2.1 String quartet
3 References
Track listing[edit]
The band toured for about 15 months, performing in 35 countries, supporting their commercially successful studio album, A Dramatic Turn of Events, released in 2011. The track list is primarily based on the songs from this album.
DVD disc 1
No.
Title
Original album and year
Length
1. "Introduction / Bridges in the Sky" A Dramatic Turn of Events (2011) 10:59
2. "6:00" Awake (1994) 7:09
3. "The Dark Eternal Night" Systematic Chaos (2007) 10:01
4. "This Is the Life" A Dramatic Turn of Events (2011) 7:00
5. "The Root of All Evil" Octavarium (2005) 9:29
6. "Lost Not Forgotten" A Dramatic Turn of Events (2011) 10:09
7. "Drum Solo" 6:28
8. "A Fortune in Lies" When Dream and Day Unite (1989) 6:40
9. "The Silent Man" (acoustic) Awake (1994) 4:05
10. "Beneath the Surface" A Dramatic Turn of Events (2011) 5:43
11. "Outcry" A Dramatic Turn of Events (2011) 11:29
12. "Piano Solo" 3:02
13. "Surrounded" Images and Words (1992) 6:03
14. "On the Backs of Angels" A Dramatic Turn of Events (2011) 8:35
15. "War Inside My Head" Six Degrees of Inner Turbulence (2002) 2:25
16. "The Test That Stumped Them All" Six Degrees of Inner Turbulence (2002) 5:02
17. "Guitar Solo" 9:55
18. "The Spirit Carries On" Metropolis, Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory (1999) 7:20
19. "Breaking All Illusions" A Dramatic Turn of Events (2011) 13:43
20. "Metropolis—Part I: "The Miracle and the Sleeper"" Images and Words (1992) 12:33
21. "End Credits" 2:14
DVD disc 2: bonus tracks
No.
Title
Original album and year
Length
1. "These Walls" Octavarium (2005) 7:07
2. "Build Me Up, Break Me Down" A Dramatic Turn of Events (2011) 6:55
3. "Caught in a Web" Awake (1994) 5:40
4. "Wait for Sleep" (acoustic) Images and Words (1992) 2:51
5. "Far from Heaven" (acoustic) A Dramatic Turn of Events (2011) 3:55
6. "Pull Me Under" Images and Words (1992) 8:30
DVD disc 2: documentary
No.
Title
Length
1. "Intro / Recap" 7:38
2. "Dinner in Buenos Aires" 3:01
3. "Soundcheck" 4:50
4. "Pre-Show Rituals" 4:03
5. "The Show Goes On" 6:19
DVD disc 2: bonus features
No.
Title
Length
1. "Trailer" 2:26
2. "Behind the Scenes" 4:21
3. "Cartoon Intro" 3:12
Special edition CD[edit]
The Special Edition 6-disc set includes the 2 DVDs and the Blu-ray as specified above as well as the audio tracks on a 3-disc set.
Disc 1
No.
Title
Length
1. "Bridges in the Sky" 11:00
2. "6:00" 5:55
3. "The Dark Eternal Night" 10:10
4. "This Is the Life" 7:02
5. "The Root of All Evil" 9:30
6. "Lost Not Forgotten" 9:58
7. "Drum Solo" 6:19
8. "A Fortune in Lies" 5:20
9. "The Silent Man" 4:16
10. "Beneath the Surface" 5:29
Total length: 74:55
Disc 2
No.
Title
Length
1. "Outcry" 11:31
2. "Piano Solo" 3:05
3. "Surrounded" 6:05
4. "On the Backs of Angels" 8:32
5. "War Inside My Head" 2:15
6. "The Test That Stumped Them All" 4:55
7. "Guitar Solo" 8:39
8. "The Spirit Carries On" 7:54
9. "Breaking All Illusions" 12:44
10. "Metropolis Pt. 1: The Miracle and the Sleeper" 12:46
Total length: 78:22
Disc 3
No.
Title
Length
1. "These Walls" 7:28
2. "Build Me Up, Break Me Down" 7:04
3. "Caught in a Web" 5:42
4. "Wait for Sleep" 2:52
5. "Far from Heaven" 4:07
6. "Pull Me Under" 8:31
Total length: 35:41
Personnel[edit]
James LaBrie – lead vocals
John Petrucci – guitar, backing vocals
Jordan Rudess – keyboards, keytar, continuum, lap steel guitar, iPad app Morphwiz
John Myung – bass
Mike Mangini – drums
String quartet[edit]
Oleg Pishenin – 1st violin
Serdar Geldymuradov – 2nd violin
Joëlle Perdaens – viola
Néstor Tedesco – violincello
Hugh Syme - cover art
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "AllMusic review: Live at Luna Park". www.allmusic.com. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
Jump up ^ "Dangerdog review: Live at Luna Park". www.dangerdog.com. 2013-11-06. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
Jump up ^ "About.com review: Live at Luna Park". heavymetal.about.com. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
Jump up ^ Dream Theater Live At Luna Park Live Concert DVD Trailer on YouTube
Jump up ^ http://otenyc.com/?p=1370
Jump up ^ http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/dream-theater-live-at-luna-park-dvd-blu-ray-cd-trailer-released/
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-02-21. Retrieved 2013-02-04.
hide
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Jordan Rudess
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Chris Collins
Charlie Dominici
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Falling into Infinity
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Once in a LIVEtime
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Live at Luna Park
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Greatest Hit (...And 21 Other Pretty Cool Songs)
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Videos
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5 Years in a Livetime
Metropolis 2000: Scenes from New York
Live at Budokan
Score
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Live at Luna Park
Breaking the Fourth Wall
Singles
"Afterlife"
"Pull Me Under"
"Metropolis—Part I: "The Miracle and the Sleeper""
"Another Day"
"The Silent Man"
"Wither"
"On the Backs of Angels"
"The Enemy Inside"
"Along for the Ride"
"The Looking Glass"
Other songs
"A Mind Beside Itself"
"Space-Dye Vest"
"Six Degrees of Inner Turbulence"
"Twelve-step Suite"
"Stream of Consciousness"
"Octavarium"
"Illumination Theory"
Tours
When Dream and Tour Unite
Pre-Images and Words Shows
Images and Tour
Music in Progress Tour
Pre-Awake Shows
Waking Up the World Tour
A Change of Seasons Tour
Home for the Holidays
The Fix for '96
An Evening of New Music
Touring into Infinity
Deep Purple/ELP/Dream Theater Tour
An Intimate Evening with Dream Theater
Pre-Scenes From a Memory
Scenes From a Memory Tour
Metropolis 2000
World Tourbulence
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Octavarium Tour
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Progressive Nation 2008
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A Dramatic Turn of Events Tour
Other
Discography
Songs by lyricist
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G3
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Roadrunner Records
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The Studio Albums 1992–2011
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Portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Live_at_Luna_Park&oldid=845411766"
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Expectation of privacy is a legal test which is crucial in defining the scope of the applicability of the privacy protections of the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. It is related to, but is not the same as, a right to privacy, a much broader concept which is found in many legal systems (see privacy law).
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
2 Privacy and search
3 In cyberspace
3.1 Considering new technology
4 Court cases
5 In marketing
6 See also
7 References
Overview[edit]
There are two types of expectations of privacy:
Subjective expectation of privacy – a certain individual's opinion that a certain location or situation is private; varies greatly from person to person
Objective, legitimate, reasonable expectation of privacy – An expectation of privacy generally recognized by society
Examples of places where a person has a reasonable expectation of privacy are a person's residence or hotel room[1] and public places which have been specifically provided by businesses or the public sector in order to ensure privacy, such as public restrooms, private portions of jailhouses,[2] or a phone booth.[3]
In general, one cannot have a reasonable expectation of privacy in things held out to the public. A well-known example is that there are no privacy rights in garbage left for collection in a public place.[2] Other examples include: pen registers that record the numbers dialed from particular telephones;[4] conversations with others, though there could be a Sixth Amendment violation if the police send an individual to question a defendant who has already been formally charged;[5] a person's physical characteristics, such as voice and handwriting;[6] what is observed pursuant to aerial surveillance that is conducted in public navigable airspace not using equipment that unreasonably enhances the surveying government official's vision;[7][8] anything in open fields (e.g., a barn);[9] smells that can be detected by the use of a drug-sniffing dog during a routine traffic stop, even if the government official did not have probable cause or reasonable suspicion to suspect that drugs were present in the defendant's vehicle;[10] and paint scrapings on the outside of a vehicle.[11]
While a person may have a subjective expectation of privacy in his/her car, it is not always an objective one, unlike a person's home.[12]
This article discusses expectation of privacy in cyberspace and some of the implications with the Fourth Amendment of the US Constitution. It also takes a look at the Canadian Supreme Court and its stance on reasonable expectations of privacy. There are also some concerns as to online bullying and sex solicitation from online entities that can create difficulties in conversing about expectation of privacy in the cyberspace. This article covers legal cases such as Florida v. Jardines, Missouri v. McNeely, and R. v. Tesslign that have pushed the understanding of expectation of privacy within the court of law.
Privacy and search[edit]
The expectation of privacy is crucial to distinguishing a legitimate, reasonable police search and seizure from an unreasonable one.
A "search" occurs for purposes of the Fourth Amendment when the Government violates a person's "reasonable expectation of privacy."[13] In Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347 (1967) Justice Harlan issued a concurring opinion articulating the two-prong test later adopted by the U.S. Supreme Court as the test for determining whether a police or government search is subject to the limitations of the Fourth Amendment:
Governmental action must contravene an individual's actual, subjective expectation of privacy
Expectation of privacy must be reasonable, in the sense that society in general would recognize it as such
To meet the first part of the test, the person from whom the information was obtained must demonstrate that they, in fact, had an actual, subjective expectation that the evidence obtained would not be available to the public. In other words, the person asserting that a search was conducted must show that they kept the evidence in a manner designed to ensure its privacy.
The first part of the test is related to the notion "in plain view". If a person did not undertake reasonable efforts to conceal something from a casual observer (as opposed to a snoop), then no subjective expectation of privacy is assumed.[14]
The second part of the test is analyzed objectively: would society at large deem a person's expectation of privacy to be reasonable? If it is plain that a person did not keep the evidence at issue in a private place, then no search is required to uncover the evidence. For example, there is generally no search when police officers look through garbage because a reasonable person would not expect that items placed in the garbage would necessarily remain private.[15] An individual has no legitimate expectation of privacy in information provided to third parties. In Smith v. Maryland, 442 U.S. 735 (1979), the Supreme Court held individuals have no "legitimate expectation of privacy" regarding the telephone numbers they dial because they knowingly give that information to telephone companies when they dial a number.[16] Therefore, there is no search where officers monitor what phone numbers an individual dials,[17] although the Congress has enacted laws that restrict such monitoring. The Supreme Court has also ruled that there is no objectively reasonable expectation of privacy (and thus no search) when officers hovering in a helicopter 400 feet above a suspect's house conduct surveillance.[18] The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit held in 2010 that users did have a reasonable expectation of privacy in the contents of their e-mail in United States v. Warshak, although no other court of appeals has followed suit.[19]
In cyberspace[edit]
An article by İlker and ÖKTEM (2012) entitled "Expectation of Privacy in Cyberspace: The Fourth Amendment of the US Constitution and an Evaluation of the Turkish Case" starts by giving us operational definitions of concepts of privacy, expectation of privacy, and cyberspace. In providing these definitions, the authors were able to then present what kind of cyberspace they will be addressing and subsequently what time of legality they will talk about to address in an online setting. These definitions served to have a better understating of how they all work together. The authors identify that there needs to be policy to address privacy in the cyberspace. The article evaluates the extent of the law and how it can protect people's expectations of privacy within the cyber environment. The article talks about privacy expectations in cyberspace while discussing the Fourth Amendment of the United States constitution. The Fourth Amendment provides citizens of the United States with security of themselves, their house, and from unreasonable searches and seizures. If these are violated, there are reasonable sanctions for the violating party.[20]
However, the article points out that the Fourth Amendment does not protect individuals from informational privacy. It has been established that since the government can seize any item they would then be able to have access to information if it is needed. The article focuses and tells us that the Fourth Amendment and how it applies to decrypting an internet communication and how it cannot trespass the reasonable expectation of privacy. In other words, this type of communication cannot violate the Fourth Amendment rights. Finally, the article presents the state of privacy during the time it was written and compares to the privacy in the Turkish judicial systems. The authors take particular notice to how there needs to be a strong political desire to secure privacy issues in society specifically in cyberspace.[20]
Considering new technology[edit]
While there are many benefits of having access to the internet, Nair argues that there needs to be measures to help prevent abuse and promote a safer environment for kids.[21]
Court cases[edit]
This article or section appears to be slanted towards recent events. Please try to keep recent events in historical perspective and add more content related to non-recent events. (October 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
In Florida v. Jardines the U.S. Supreme Court ruled on March 26, 2013, that police violated the Fourth Amendment rights of a homeowner when they led a drug-sniffing dog to the front door of a house suspected of being used to grow marijuana.
In a 5-to-4 decision, the court said that police conducted a "search" when they entered the property and took the dog to the house's front porch. Since the officers had not first obtained a warrant beforehand, their search was unconstitutional, the court said. The court said the police officers violated a basic rule of the Fourth Amendment by physically intruding into the area surrounding a private home for investigative purposes without securing a warrant.
"When it comes to the Fourth Amendment, the home is first among equals," Justice Scalia wrote. "At the amendment's very core stands the right of a man to retreat into his own home and there be free from unreasonable government intrusion." Scalia added: "This right would be of little practical value if the state's agents could stand in a home's porch or side garden and trawl for evidence with impunity."
This case may provide some argument or protection in the area of reasonable expectation of privacy in one's home and curtilage given the rapid advancement of drone technology, particularly given law enforcements' stated intent to deploy these technologies. This question may well turn on the court's interpretation of the "naked eye" test (described in the earlier Ciraolo case) in relation to the "enhanced view" test. It would seem enhanced view(s) are achievable through the use of drone technology. See also: Kyllo v. United States, 533 U.S. 27 (2001) (precludes enhanced views from outside a home without a warrant, using thermal imaging).
In Missouri v. McNeely on April 17, 2013, The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that police must generally obtain a warrant before subjecting a drunken-driving suspect to a blood test. The vote was 8-to-1, with Justice Clarence Thomas the lone dissenter.
The legal case of R. v. Tesslign the Supreme Court of Canada identified that the defendant did not have a reasonable expectation of privacy with regards to the information policemen acquired from him. These officers got this information by using warrantless infrared imaging to monitor the respondent's home. The court tried to answer the questions of what can be expected to be covered by reasonable expectation of privacy. They specify that information that is covered under reasonable expectation of privacy is called "deeply personal information." Matheson (2008) offers the view that deeply personal information can be related to sensitivity.[22] One common functional use to describe privacy and personal information is a matter of control. This type of information is to be treated within the choice of the individual that holds the information. However, the difference between deeply personal information and other information is that this particular type of information tends to be related to how vulnerable and sensitive an individual is to the exposure of said information. Matheson (2008) tells us that it is particularly deemed deeply personal information if the personal information would weaken the individual's account or personal story about himself or others if shared. Matheson (2008) states that while questionable the Canadian Court's decision was partly right because the defendant did not have a reasonable expectation of privacy when it came to the warrantless infrared search.[22]
In marketing[edit]
Privacy has also been talked about in the context of business actions, consumer reaction, and regulatory efforts both consumers and marketers' interaction. Milne and Shalini (2010) presented the question of how both of these groups start and upkeep privacy boundaries. Information about the relationship between consumers and marketers has been defined by this fine line of what is the privacy a customer is willing to provide to the marketer.[23] Milne and Shalini (2010) used information gathered in a national online survey to compare three different groups of customers.[23] They asked these groups questions around the limits of using information technology such as the use of cookies, biometrics, loyalty cards, radio frequency identification, text messaging, pop-up advertisements, telemarketing, and last but not least spam. The authors use these same surveys with groups of marketing managers and database vendors. This survey study presented results that provided discussion as there was a discrepancy in the answers from the customers and the marketers/venders. The customers' expectations around privacy were different from those of a marketer/vender. The difference in their answers prompted the Milne and Shalini (2010) to advise for attention to this issue and asked for public policy to take notice of these findings.[23]
See also[edit]
Curtilage
Email privacy
Privacy laws of the United States
Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution
United States v. Graham
Secrecy of correspondence
Surreptitious DNA collecting
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Do Not Disturb: Fourth Amendment Expectations of Privacy in Hotel Rooms, Medical examination rooms, Social Science Research Network (2010)
^ Jump up to: a b "The Criminal Law Handbook: Know Your Rights, Survive the System" (2007), ISBN 1-4133-0704-3, pp. 38, 62
Jump up ^ Katz v. U.S., 389 U.S. 347, 361 (1967).
Jump up ^ Smith v. Maryland, 442 U.S. 735 (1979).
Jump up ^ Massiah v. United States, 377 U.S. 201 (1964).
Jump up ^ U.S. v. Dionisio, 410 U.S. 1 (1973).
Jump up ^ California v. Ciraolo, 476 U.S. 207 (1986).
Jump up ^ Dow Chemical v. United States, 476 U.S. 227 (1986).
Jump up ^ Oliver v. United States 466 U.S. 170 (1984)
Jump up ^ Illinois v. Caballes, 543 U.S. 405 (2005).
Jump up ^ Cardwell v. Lewis, 417 U.S. 583 (1974).
Jump up ^ The Criminal Law Handbook, p. 62
Jump up ^ Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 351 (1967); at. 360-61 (Harlan, J., concurring)
Jump up ^ Mark Tunick (1998) "Practices and Principles: Approaches to Ethical and Legal Judgment", ISBN 0-691-07079-2 pp.163-166
Jump up ^ California v. Greenwood, 486 U.S. 35 (1988).
Jump up ^ Smith v. Maryland, 442 U.S. 735 (1979), at 742.
Jump up ^ Smith v. Maryland, 442 U.S. 735 (1979)
Jump up ^ Florida v. Riley, 488 U.S. 445 (1989).
Jump up ^ United States v. Warshak , 631 F.3d 266 (6th Cir. 2010).
^ Jump up to: a b "Expectation of Privacy in Cyberspace: The Fourth Amendment of the US Constitution and an Evaluation of the Turkish Case". Sosyoekonomi. 18.
Jump up ^ Nair, Abhilash (2006-03-01). "Mobile phones and the internet: Legal issues in the protection of children". International Review of Law, Computers & Technology. 20 (1-2): 177–185. ISSN 1360-0869. doi:10.1080/13600860600579779.
^ Jump up to: a b "Deeply Personal Information and the Reasonable Expectation of Privacy in Tessling.". Canadian Journal of Criminology & Criminal Justice. 50. doi:10.3138/cjccj.50.3.349.
^ Jump up to: a b c Milne,, George R.; Bahl, Shalini (2013-05-29). "Are There Differences Between Consumers' and Marketers' Privacy Expectations? A Segment- and Technology-Level Analysis". AMA Journals. doi:10.1509/jppm.29.1.138.
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