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Malaysian general election, 2018
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Malaysian general election, 2018
← 2013 9 May 2018 2023 →
← outgoing members
elected members →
All 222 seats to the Dewan Rakyat
112 seats needed for a majority
Registered
14,940,624
Turnout
12,299,514 (82.32%)[1]
First party
Second party
Third party
Leader
Mahathir Mohamad Najib Razak Abdul Hadi Awang
Party
Pakatan Harapan
Sabah Heritage Party Barisan Nasional Gagasan Sejahtera
Leader since
7 January 2018 3 April 2009 23 July 2002
Leader's seat
Langkawi Pekan Marang
Last election
68 seats, 37.1%
(Pakatan Rakyat) 133 seats, 47.38% 21 seats, 14.78%
(Pakatan Rakyat)
Seats won
121 79 18
Seat change
53 54 3
Popular vote
5,781,600 4,080,797 2,051,188
Percentage
47.92% 33.80% 16.99%
Swing
10.82% 13.58% 2.21%
Prime Minister before election
Najib Razak
Barisan Nasional
Elected Prime Minister
Mahathir Mohammad
Pakatan Harapan
Malaysia
This article is part of a series on the
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Malaysia
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King
Muhammad V of Kelantan
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None
Deputy King
Nazrin Shah of Perak
Conference of Rulers
Keeper of the Rulers' Seal
Line of succession to the Malaysian throne
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Cabinet
Prime Minister
Dr. Mahathir Mohamad
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Dr. Wan Azizah Wan Ismail
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President: S. Vigneswaran
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Speaker: TBD
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Chief Justice: Md. Raus Sharif
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General election: 2018
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v
t
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Malaysian general election symbol
The 14th Malaysian general election (GE14 or PRU14, acronym in Malay: Pilihan Raya Umum ke-14) was held on 9 May 2018 to elect members of the 14th Parliament of Malaysia.[2] At stake are all 222 seats in the Dewan Rakyat and 505 seats in 12 out of 13 state legislative assemblies. The 13th Parliament of Malaysia was dissolved on 7 April 2018. It would have been automatically dissolved on 24 June 2018, five years after the first meeting of the first session of the 13th Parliament of Malaysia on 24 June 2013.[3]
The Constitution of Malaysia requires a general election to be held in the fifth calendar year unless it is dissolved earlier by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong due to a motion of no-confidence or at the request of the Prime Minister.
Pakatan Harapan, the main opposition coalition in the Malaysian Parliament, won 113 seats in the Dewan Rakyat, Malaysia's lower house of parliament. The Sabah Heritage Party, which won another 8 seats, informally aligned itself with Pakatan Harapan, giving the opposition alliance a total of 121 seats in the new Parliament, enough to form a government.[4][5]
This marked a historic defeat for the ruling Barisan Nasional coalition, which had been the governing party of Malaysia and its predecessor state, Malaya, since the country's independence in 1957. This makes Mahathir Mohamad the next Prime Minister of Malaysia and, at 92 years old, the oldest head of government in the world, although he has indicated he would give way within a few years to jailed opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim after seeking a royal pardon for him.[6]
Contents
[hide]
1 Timetable
2 Electoral system
3 Dissolution of state legislative assemblies
4 Parties and leaders
5 Last election pendulum
6 Endorsements
7 Politicians not standing
7.1 Members of Parliament not standing for re-election
8 Election spending
8.1 Spending by candidates
8.2 Spending by Election Commission
9 Election observers
10 Results
10.1 Parliament
10.2 State assemblies
10.3 Seats which changed allegiance
11 Aftermath
11.1 Defections and government formation
11.2 Party leadership changes
12 Controversies
12.1 Gerrymandering
12.2 Polling Day on midweek
12.3 Overseas ballot issues
12.4 Nomination Day controversies
12.5 Alleged vote-buying
13 See also
14 References
15 External links
15.1 Official websites
15.2 Other websites
15.3 Manifestos
Timetable[edit]
The key dates are listed below in Malaysia Standard Time (GMT+8):
28 March Prime Minister Najib Razak tabled the Election Commission's redelineation report in the Dewan Rakyat[7]
6 April Najib Razak announced his intention to dissolve the Malaysian Parliament[8]
7 April Formal dissolution of Parliament[9]
10 April Election Commission chairman Hashim Abdullah announced that the general election will take place on 9 May 2018[2]
28 April Nomination process of candidates for the general election begins,and the deadline (10am) for the delivery of candidate nomination papers[10][11]
28 April Official 11-day campaigning period begins[12]
5 May Early voting begins[13]
9 May Polling day
10 May Inauguration of the new Prime Minister Mahathir Mohammad at Istana Negara[14]
12 May Prime Minister Mahathir announced the positions of:
Finance Minister - Democratic Action Party secretary-general Lim Guan Eng
Home Minister - Malaysian United Indigenous Party president Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin
Defence Minister - National Trust Party president Mohamad Sabu
Electoral system[edit]
The Dewan Rakyat is made up of 222 members of parliament, elected for a five-year term; these seats are distributed between the thirteen Malaysian states in proportion to the states' voting population. Members are elected from single-member constituencies that each elects one representative to the Dewan Rakyat using the first-past-the-post voting system. If one party obtains a majority of seats, then that party is entitled to form the Government, with its leader as Prime Minister. If the election results in no single party having a majority, there is a hung parliament. In this case, the options for forming the Government are either a minority government or a coalition. Malaysia does not practice compulsory voting and automatic voter registration. The voting age is above 21[15][16] although the age of majority in the country is 18.[17]
The redistricting of electoral boundaries for the entire country had been presented to and passed by the Dewan Rakyat, and subsequently gazetted on 29 March 2018 after obtaining the royal consent of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong ahead of the 14th general election.[18] Elections are conducted by the Election Commission of Malaysia (EC), which is under the jurisdiction of the Prime Minister's Department.
Dissolution of state legislative assemblies[edit]
While any state may dissolve its assembly independently of the Federal Parliament, the traditional practice is for most state assemblies to be dissolved at the same time as Parliament. In accordance with Malaysian law, the parliament as well as the legislative assemblies of each state (Dewan Undangan Negeri) would automatically dissolve on the fifth anniversary of the first sitting, and elections must be held within sixty days of the dissolution, unless dissolved prior to that date by their respective Heads of State on the advice of their Heads of Government.
Below are the dates of which the legislative assembly of each state dissolved:
State legislatives
assemblies
First legislative day
Expected last legislative day
Expected election day
(on or before)
Dissolution day
Kelantan 13 June 2013 13 June 2018 13 August 2018 7 April 2018[19]
Terengganu 16 June 2013 16 June 2018 16 August 2018 9 April 2018[20]
Negeri Sembilan 17 June 2013 17 June 2018 17 August 2018 7 April 2018[21]
Johor 20 June 2013 20 June 2018 20 August 2018 7 April 2018[22]
Selangor 21 June 2013 21 June 2018 21 August 2018 9 April 2018[23]
Kedah 23 June 2013 23 June 2018 23 August 2018 7 April 2018[19]
Perlis 28 June 2013 28 June 2018 28 August 2018 7 April 2018[24]
Penang 28 June 2013 28 June 2018 28 August 2018 10 April 2018[25]
Perak 28 June 2013 28 June 2018 28 August 2018 9 April 2018[26]
Pahang 1 July 2013 1 July 2018 1 September 2018 7 April 2018[19]
Melaka 1 July 2013 1 July 2018 1 September 2018 7 April 2018[27]
Sabah 13 June 2013 13 June 2018 13 September 2018 7 April 2018[28]
The Sarawak State Legislative Assembly was not dissolved as the last election was held in 2016 and the term of the state assembly is due to end in 2022.
Parties and leaders[edit]
Altogether 53 parties were eligible to contest in the election and get on the ballot and can therefore elect a representative in the Dewan Rakyat.[29] Furthermore, there are several independent candidates running for a single-member constituency.
The leader of the party commanding a majority of support in the Dewan Rakyat is the person who is called on by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong to form a government as Prime Minister, while the leader of the largest party not in government becomes the Leader of the Opposition.
The table below lists parties which were represented in the 13th Dewan Rakyat.
Name
Ideology
Leader(s)
Seats
contested
2013 result
Seats in 13th
Dewan Rakyat
Votes (%)
Seats
BN Barisan Nasional
National Front National conservatism Najib Razak 222 47.38%
133 / 222
130 / 222
PH Pakatan Harapan
Alliance of Hope Reformism / Progressivism Mahathir Mohamad 204 36.1%
67 / 222
72 / 222
GS Gagasan Sejahtera
Ideas of Prosperity Islamic conservatism Abdul Hadi Awang 158 14.78%
21 / 222
13 / 222
WARISAN Parti Warisan Sabah
Sabah Heritage Party Sabah Regionalism Mohd. Shafie Apdal 17 New Party
0 / 222
2 / 222
PSM Parti Sosialis Malaysia
Socialist Party of Malaysia Democratic socialism Mohd. Nasir Hashim 4 0.19%
1 / 222
1 / 222
Independents – – 24 –
0 / 222
2 / 222
Last election pendulum[edit]
The previous General Election witnessed 133 governmental seats and 89 non-governmental seats filled the Dewan Rakyat. The government side has 44 safe seats and 34 fairly safe seats, while the other side has 33 safe seats and 18 fairly safe seats.
showExtended content
GOVERNMENT SEATS
Marginal
Mas Gading Nogeh Gumbek SPDP 40.6
Keningau Joseph Pairin Kitingan PBS 43.8
Pensiangan Joseph Kurup PBRS 44.3
Kota Marudu Maximus Johnity Ongkili PBS 45.9
Cameron
Highlands Palanivel K. Govindasamy MIC 46.2
Tenom Raime Unggi UMNO 46.7
Baram Anyi Ngau SPDP 48.9
Ranau Ewon Ebin UPKO 49.2
Bentong Liow Tiong Lai MCA 49.4
Beaufort Azizah Mohd Dun UMNO 49.4
Labis Chua Tee Yong MCA 49.5
Sungai Besar Noriah Kasnon UMNO 49.6
Kuala Selangor Irmohizam Ibrahim UMNO 49.6
Pasir Gudang Normala Abdul Samad UMNO 49.6
Bagan Serai Noor Azmi Ghazali UMNO 49.7
Hulu Selangor Kamalanathan Panchanathan MIC 49.9
Ketereh Annuar Musa UMNO 50.1
Machang Ahmad Jazlan Yaakub UMNO 50.1
Tebrau Khoo Soo Seang MCA 50.1
Kota Belud Abdul Rahman Dahlan UMNO 50.1
Jerai Jamil Khir Baharom UMNO 50.2
Segamat Subramaniam Sathasivam MIC 50.3
Kuala Kangsar Wan Mohammad Khair-il Anuar
Wan Ahmad UMNO 50.4
Arau Shahidan Kassim UMNO 50.6
Bera Ismail Sabri Yaakob UMNO 50.6
Titiwangsa Johari Abdul Ghani UMNO 50.6
Ledang Hamim Samuri UMNO 50.7
Tasek Gelugor Shabudin Yahaya UMNO 50.8
Setiawangsa Ahmad Fauzi Zahari UMNO 50.8
Tuaran Madius Tangau UPKO 50.8
Kulim-
Bandar Baharu Abd. Aziz Sheikh Fadzir UMNO 51.0
Muar Razali Ibrahim UMNO 51.0
Pulai Nur Jazlan Mohamed UMNO 51.0
Balik Pulau Hilmi Yahaya UMNO 51.1
Pendang Othman Abdul UMNO 51.5
Merbok Ismail Daut UMNO 51.9
Bagan Datok Ahmad Zahid Hamidi UMNO 52.1
Sabak Bernam Mohd Fasiah Mohd Fakeh UMNO 52.1
Baling Abdul Azeez Abdul Rahim UMNO 52.5
Sik Mansor Abd Rahman UMNO 52.6
Sepanggar Jumat Idris UMNO 52.6
Saratok William Ikom SPDP 52.6
Jerlun Othman Aziz UMNO 52.8
Tanjong Malim Ong Ka Chuan MCA 53.0
Tanah Merah Ikmal Hisham Abdul Aziz UMNO 53.1
Sekijang Anuar Abdul Manap UMNO 53.2
Jerantut Ahmad Nazlan Idris UMNO 53.7
Kepala Batas Reezal Merican Naina Merican UMNO 53.8
Padang Rengas Mohamed Nazri Abdul Aziz UMNO 53.8
Tawau Mary Yap Kain Ching PBS 53.8
Kangar Shaharuddin Ismail UMNO 53.9
Sri Aman Masir Kujat PRS 54.4
Tanjong Karang Noh Omar UMNO 54.5
Padang Terap Mahdzir Khalid UMNO 54.6
Lubok Antu William Nyallau Badak PRS 54.7
Tanjong Piai Wee Jeck Seng MCA 55.0
Lipis Abdul Rahman Mohamad UMNO 55.1
Tambun Ahmad Husni Hanadzlah UMNO 55.3
Larut Hamzah Zainudin UMNO 55.6
Johor Bahru Shahrir Abdul Samad UMNO 55.8
Fairly safe
Batu Sapi Linda Tsen Thau Lin PBS 56.0
Besut Idris Jusoh UMNO 56.1
Setiu Che Mohamad Zulkifly Jusoh UMNO 56.1
Tapah Saravanan Murugan MIC 56.1
Sri Gading Aziz Kaprawi UMNO 56.4
Jeli Mustapa Mohamed UMNO 56.5
Hulu Terengganu Jailani Johari UMNO 56.5
Kemaman Ahmad Shabery Cheek UMNO 56.9
Parit Mohd Zaim Abu Hassan UMNO 56.9
Jempol Mohd Isa Abdul Samad UMNO 56.9
Simpang
Renggam Liang Teck Meng GERAKAN 57.0
Pasir Salak Tajuddin Abdul Rahman UMNO 57.4
Kuala Krau Ismail Mohamed Said UMNO 57.5
Bintulu Tiong King Sing SPDP 57.6
Lenggong Shamsul Anuar Nasarah UMNO 58.1
Selangau Joseph Entulu Belaun PRS 58.1
Silam Nasrun Mansur UMNO 58.2
Julau Joseph Salang Gandum PRS 58.3
Kubang Pasu Mohd Johari Baharum UMNO 58.4
Paya Besar Abdul Manan Ismail UMNO 58.4
Jelebu Zainuddin Ismail UMNO 58.4
Ayer Hitam Wee Ka Siong MCA 58.4
Kanowit Aaron Ago Dagang PRS 58.5
Putatan Marcus Mojigoh UPKO 58.7
Maran Ismail Muttalib UMNO 59.1
Alor Gajah Koh Nai Kwong MCA 59.2
Jasin Ahmad Hamzah UMNO 59.5
Kimanis Anifah Aman UMNO 59.5
Padang Besar Zahidi Zainul Abidin UMNO 59.6
Safe
Kudat Abdul Rahim Bakri UMNO 60.2
Tampin Shaziman Abu Mansor UMNO 60.4
Gerik Hasbullah Osman UMNO 60.6
Parit Sulong Noraini Ahmad UMNO 60.9
Gua Musang Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah UMNO 61.0
Kuala Pilah Hasan Malek UMNO 61.0
Libaran Juslie Ajirol UMNO 61.2
Tangga Batu Abu Bakar Mohamad Diah UMNO 61.4
Hulu Rajang Ugak Kumbong PRS 61.8
Rembau Khairy Jamaluddin UMNO 62.1
Mambong James Dawos Mamit PBB 62.8
Sembrong Hishammuddin Hussein UMNO 63.7
Sibuti Ahmad Lai Bujang UMNO 63.8
Papar Rosnah Abdul Rashid Shirlin UMNO 63.9
Kalabakan Abdul Ghapur Salleh UMNO 64.0
Pagoh Muhyiddin Yassin UMNO 64.8
Pontian Ahmad Maslan UMNO 65.0
Rompin Jamaluddin Jarjis UMNO 65.5
Labuan Rozman Isli UMNO 65.6
Kinabatangan Bung Moktar Radin UMNO 67.0
Langkawi Nawawi Ahmad UMNO 67.2
Sipitang Sapawi Ahmad UMNO 67.3
Putrajaya Tengku Adnan Tengku Mansor UMNO 69.0
Masjid Tanah Mas Ermieyati Samsudin UMNO 69.7
Beluran Ronald Kiandee UMNO 69.7
Mersing Abdul Latiff Ahmad UMNO 70.2
Lawas Henry Sum Agong PBB 70.6
Limbang Hasbi Habibollah PBB 72.8
Serian Richard Riot Jaem SUPP 73.5
Tenggara Halimah Mohamed Sadique UMNO 73.7
Pekan Najib Razak UMNO 75.2
Batang Lupar Rohani Abdul Karim PBB 75.4
Mukah Leo Michael Toyad PBB 75.5
Betong Douglas Uggah Embas PBB 75.9
Kota Samarahan Rubiah Wang PBB 76.8
Kapit Alexander Nanta Linggi PBB 77.1
Petra Jaya Fadillah Yusof PBB 77.8
Semporna Mohd Shafie Apdal UMNO 81.1
Pengerang Azalina Othman Said UMNO 81.9
Kota Tinggi Noor Ehsanuddin
Mohd Harun Narrashid UMNO 82.4
Santubong Wan Junaidi Tuanku Jaafar PBB 84.4
Batang Sadong Nancy Shukri PBB 85.5
Igan Wahab Dolah PBB 85.8
Tanjong Manis Norah Abdul Rahman PBB 87.4
NON-GOVERNMENT SEATS
Marginal
Alor Setar Gooi Hsiao-Leung PKR 47.4
Sepang Mohamed Hanipa Maidin PAS 49.1
Bachok Ahmad Marzuk Shaary PAS 49.5
Kuala Nerus Mohd Khairuddin Aman Razali PAS 49.9
Telok Kemang Kamarul Bahrin Abbas PKR 49.9
Temerloh Nasrudin Hassan PAS 50.1
Batu Pahat Mohd Idris Jusi PKR 50.1
Bukit Gantang Idris Ahmad PAS 50.2
Sarikei Wong Ling Biu DAP 50.4
Pasir Puteh Nik Mazian Nik Mohamad PAS 50.8
Lembah Pantai Nurul Izzah Anwar PKR 51.0
Sandakan Wong Tien Fatt DAP 51.0
Miri Michael Teo Yu Keng PKR 51.0
Kuala Krai Mohd Hatta Ramli PAS 51.2
Gombak Mohamed Azmin Ali PKR 51.4
Dungun Wan Hassan Mohd Ramli PAS 51.9
Sungai Siput Michael Jeyakumar Devaraj PKR 51.9
Raub Ariff Sabri Abdul Aziz DAP 52.1
Sibu Oscar Ling Chai Yew DAP 52.1
Pokok Sena Mahfuz Omar PAS 52.2
Kuala Langat Abdullah Sani Abdul Hamid PKR 52.2
Seremban Loke Siew Fook DAP 52.2
Kuala Kedah Azman Ismail PKR 52.3
Marang Abdul Hadi Awang PAS 52.6
Bukit Katil Shamsul Iskandar Md. Akin PKR 52.6
Padang Serai Surendran Nagarajan PKR 53.0
Bakri Er Teck Hwa DAP 53.4
Kluang Liew Chin Tong DAP 54.0
Kuantan Fuziah Salleh PKR 54.1
Wangsa Maju Tan Kee Kwong PKR 54.4
Sungai Petani Johari Abdul PKR 54.7
Kampar Ko Chung Sen DAP 54.7
Lumut Mohamad Imran Abdul Hamid PKR 54.8
Kapar Manivannan Gowindasamy PKR 55.1
Beruas Ngeh Koo Ham DAP 55.5
Shah Alam Khalid Samad PAS 55.7
Tumpat Kamarudin Jaffar PAS 55.8
Pasir Mas Nik Mohamad Abduh Nik Abdul Aziz PAS 55.8
Fairly safe
Kuala Terengganu Raja Kamarul Bahrin Shah PAS 56.0
Indera Mahkota Fauzi Abdul Rahman PKR 56.1
Telok Intan Seah Leong Peng DAP 56.3
Bandar Tun Razak Abdul Khalid Ibrahim PKR 56.4
Selayang William Leong Jee Keen PKR 56.7
Rantau Panjang Siti Zailah Mohd Yusoff PAS 56.9
Nibong Tebal Mansor Othman PKR 57.1
Hulu Langat Che Rosli Che Mat PAS 57.1
Gelang Patah Lim Kit Siang DAP 57.2
Batu Chua Tian Chang PKR 57.9
Kulai Teo Nie Ching DAP 57.9
Taiping Nga Kor Ming DAP 58.5
Gopeng Lee Boon Chye PKR 58.5
Permatang Pauh Wan Azizah Wan Ismail PKR 58.6
Ampang Zuraida Kamarudin PKR 58.8
Subang Sivarasa K. Rasiah PKR 58.8
Parit Buntar Mujahid Yusof Rawa PAS 58.9
Lanang Alice Lau Kiong Yieng DAP 59.3
Safe
Kota Bharu Takiyuddin Hassan PAS 61.5
Penampang Ignatius Dorell Leiking PKR 61.8
Kota Melaka Sim Tong Him DAP 62.3
Petaling Jaya
Selatan Hee Loy Sian PKR 63.0
Pengkalan Chepa Izani Husin PAS 63.2
Bayan Baru Sim Tze Tzin PKR 63.4
Stampin Julian Tan Kok Ping DAP 63.7
Klang Charles Anthony R. Santiago DAP 63.9
Kota Raja Siti Mariah Mahmud PAS 63.9
Segambut Lim Lip Eng DAP 64.6
Kubang Kerian Ahmad Baihaki Atiqullah PAS 64.7
Rasah Teo Kok Seong DAP 65.1
Kelana Jaya Wong Chen PKR 65.8
Pandan Rafizi Ramli PKR 65.9
Puchong Gobind Singh Deo DAP 66.7
Serdang Ong Kian Ming DAP 67.1
Jelutong Jeff Ooi Chuan Aun DAP 70.3
Ipoh Barat Kulasegaran Murugeson DAP 72.2
Kota Kinabalu Wong Sze Phin DAP 72.2
Bukit Bintang Fong Kui Lun DAP 72.8
Batu Kawan Kasthuriraani Patto DAP 73.1
Bandar Kuching Chong Chieng Jen DAP 73.8
Ipoh Timor Su Keong Siong DAP 75.5
Batu Gajah Sivakumar Varatharaju Naidu DAP 76.7
Bukit Bendera Zairil Khir Johari DAP 77.2
Bagan Lim Guan Eng DAP 77.8
Bukit Gelugor Karpal Singh Ram Singh DAP 80.1
Bukit Mertajam Steven Sim Chee Kiong DAP 80.5
Cheras Tan Kok Wai DAP 81.2
Petaling Jaya
Utara Tony Pua Kiam Wee DAP 81.3
Kepong Tan Seng Giaw DAP 81.8
Tanjong Ng Wei Aik DAP 82.8
Seputeh Teresa Kok Suh Sim DAP 85.7
Endorsements[edit]
Main article: Endorsements in the Malaysian general election, 2018
Newspapers, organisations and individuals have endorsed parties or individual candidates for the election.
Politicians not standing[edit]
Members of Parliament not standing for re-election[edit]
Members of Parliament not standing for re-election
MP
Seat
First elected
Party
Ref
Ismail, ShaharuddinShaharuddin Ismail Kangar 2013 Barisan Nasional [30]
Election spending[edit]
Spending by candidates[edit]
Before the campaign, there were no limits to what a political party, candidate, or third party (corporations, unions, special interest groups, etc.) can spend: spending rules are only in force after the writs have been dropped and the campaign has begun. Malaysian election law set election spending limit at RM200,000 for each parliamentary candidate and half of the latter for each state legislature candidate.[31]
Spending by Election Commission[edit]
Election Commission chairman Mohd. Hashim Abdullah announced that it is spending RM500 million for this General Election,[2] RM100 million more than the previous one.
Part of the spendings were spend on indelible ink which cost about RM4.8 million for a total of 100,000 bottles of 60mL ink imported from Mysore Paints and Varnish Limited in India.[32]
Election observers[edit]
The Election Commission (EC) has invited 14 countries to participate in the polls as foreign observers, comprising representatives of election management bodies from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Commonwealth of Nations, Asian and European countries as well as a study and support centre for the Malaysian Commonwealth Studies Centre based in Cambridge, United Kingdom. Seven countries agreed to send representatives to observe the elections, namely Azerbaijan, Cambodia, Indonesia, Kyrgyzstan, Maldives, Thailand and Timor-Leste.[33] The invitation was also extended to India, Pakistan and Uzbekistan of which nine countries observers arrived on 7 May.[34] The EC also appointed 1,236 election observers from 14 local non-governmental organisations.[35]
Results[edit]
All 222 parliamentary seats (and 505 seats of 12 state legislative assemblies) were contested in this General Election. Results were announced by returning officers after 5 pm, 9 May.
Parliament[edit]
↓
121 79 18 1 3
PH + WARISAN
BN
GS
U
I
Main article: Results of the Malaysian general election, 2018 by parliamentary constituency
e • d Summary of the 9 May 2018 Malaysian Dewan Rakyat election results
Party
Vote
Seats
Votes
%
Won
%
+/–
Pakatan Harapan[a] PH 5,615,822[36] 45.56 113 52.25 45
People's Justice Party PKR 2,096,776 17.10 47 22.52 17
Democratic Action Party[b] DAP 2,098,068 17.38 42 18.92 4
Malaysian United Indigenous Party PPBM 696,087 5.77 13 5.86 13
National Trust Party[c] AMANAH 648,274 5.37 11 4.95 11
Barisan Nasional[d] BN 4,080,797 33.80 79 35.59 54
United Malays National Organisation UMNO 2,548,251 21.10 54 24.32 34
United Traditional Bumiputera Party PBB 220,479 1.83 13 5.86 1
Sarawak People's Party PRS 59,218 0.49 3 1.35 3
Malaysian Indian Congress MIC 167,061 1.39 2 1.35 2
Progressive Democratic Party PDP 59,853 0.50 2 0.90 2
Malaysian Chinese Association MCA 639,165 5.30 1 0.45 6
Sarawak United People's Party SUPP 122,540 1.01 1 0.45
United Sabah Party PBS 49,994 0.41 1 0.45 3
United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation UPKO 57,062 0.47 1 0.45 2
United Sabah People's Party PBRS 57,062 0.10 1 0.45
Malaysian People's Movement Party Gerakan 128,973 1.07 0 0 1
Liberal Democratic Party LDP 8,996 0.07 0 0
People's Progressive Party myPPP 7,422 0.06 0 0
Gagasan Sejahtera GS 2,051,188 16.99 18 8.11 3
Malaysian Islamic Party PAS 2,041,580 16.91 18 8.11 3
Malaysian National Alliance Party[e] IKATAN 9,025 0.07 0 0
Love Malaysia Party PCM 502 0.00 0 0
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front Berjasa 81 0.00 0 0
Sabah Heritage Party (Pakatan Harapan ally) WARISAN 280,520 2.32 8 3.61 8
United Sabah Alliance USA 66,902 0.55 1 0.45 1
Homeland Solidarity Party STAR 21,361 0.18 1 0.45 1
Sabah People's Hope Party PHRS 37,708 0.31 0 0
Sabah Progressive Party SAPP 6,090 0.05 0 0
Sabah People's Unity Party PPRS 1,743 0.01 0 0
Love Sabah Party PCS 8,603 0.07 0 0
Socialist Party of Malaysia PSM 3,782 0.03 0 0 1
Malaysian People's Party PRM 2,372 0.02 0 0
Malaysian United Party MUP 2,102 0.02 0 0
State Reform Party STAR 1,299 0.01 0 0
Sabah Native Co-operation Party Anak Negeri 1,173 0.00 0 0
People’s Alliance For Justice of Peace PEACE 1,005 0.00 0 0
Penang Front Party PFP 892 0.00 0 0
New Sarawak Native People's Party PBDSB 538 0.00 0 0
Parti Bumi Kenyalang PBK 392 0.00 0 0
People's Alternative Party PAP 302 0.00 0 0
Independents IND 70,770 0.59 3 1.35 3
Valid votes 12,082,431[36]
Invalid/blank votes 217,083[36]
Total votes (voter turnout: 82.32%) 12,299,514 100.00 222 100.00 TBA
Did not vote 2,641,110
Registered voters[f] 14,940,624
Ordinary voters[f] 14,636,716
Early voters[f] 300,255
Postal voters[f] 3,653
Voting age population[g] (aged 21 years and above) 18,359,670
Malaysian population[h] 32,258,900
Source: Election Commission of Malaysia (SPR)[37]
Jump up ^ Contested using People's Justice Party election symbol on the ballot papers.
Jump up ^ Contested using rocket election symbol on the ballot papers in East Malaysia.
Jump up ^ Contested using white mountain election symbol on the ballot papers in Batu Sapi, Sabah.
Jump up ^ Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.
Jump up ^ Contested using green moon election symbol on the ballot papers in the election.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Abdullah, Mohd. Hashim (10 April 2018). Urusan Pilihan Raya Umum ke-14 (in Malay). SPR Media Statement. Retrieved on 8 May 2018.
Jump up ^ The estimates are correct as at February 2018. See Zulkipli, Nur Lela (12 February 2018). 3.6 juta orang muda belum daftar pengundi (in Malay). Berita Harian. Retrieved on 9 May 2018.
Jump up ^ Malaysia (6 February 2018). Perangkaan Demografi Suku Tahun Keempat (ST4) 2017, Malaysia (in Malay). Department of Statistics Malaysia Media Statement. Retrieved on 9 May 2018.

Summary of the 2018 Malaysian Dewan Rakyat election results[38]
** Fraction of total popular votes in each state rounded to the nearest percent
* Fraction of total seats in each state rounded to the nearest percent
± Change in number of seats from before the election
State /
federal territory
Barisan Nasional
Pakatan Harapan + Warisan
Gagasan Sejahtera
Other / Independent
Votes
%
Seats
%
±
Votes
%
Seats
%
±
Votes
%
Seats
%
±
Votes
%
Seats
%
±
Johor 581,662 38.6 8 31 13 819,518 54.4 18 69 13 105,375 6.99 0 0 818 0.05 0 0
Kedah 282,273 30.0 2 13 8 362,256 38.5 10 67 6 295,413 31.4 3 20 2 360 0.04 0 0
Kelantan 320,384 39.1 5 36 101,136 12.3 0 0 393,450 48.0 9 64 5373 0.65 0 0
Malacca 157,339 38.1 2 33 2 218,415 52.9 4 67 2 35,733 8.65 0 0 1415 0.34 0 0
Negeri Sembilan 179,518 36.1 3 38 2 267,951 53.9 5 63 2 49,478 9.95 0 0 302 0.06 0 0
Pahang 285,912 43.2 9 64 1 204,965 30.9 5 36 2 170,605 25.8 0 0 1 976 0.15 0 0
Penang 177,631 22.5 2 15 1 543,298 68.8 11 85 1 65,005 8.24 0 0 3191 0.40 0 0
Perak 395,355 33.2 11 46 1 597,901 50.3 13 54 5 193,551 16.3 0 0 4 2460 0.21 0 0
Perlis 46,885 38.8 2 67 1 46,194 38.2 1 33 1 27,701 22.9 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sabah 335,587 39.8 10 40 12 416,455 51.2 14 56 11 13,295 1.58 0 0 75,611 0.09 1 3.34 1
Selangor 427,443 20.8 2 9 3 1,312,053 63.8 20 91 7 312,898 15.2 0 0 4 3527 0.17 0 0
Terengganu 252,461 40.7 2 25 2 59,834 9.64 0 0 1 308,252 49.7 6 75 3 0 0 0 0
Sarawak 462,090 52.5 19 61 6 381,863 43.4 10 32 4 10,591 1.20 0 0 3234 0.37 2 0 2
WP Kuala Lumpur 153,945 22.1 0 0 2 486,974 69.9 10 100 2 54,569 7.83 0 0 1019 0.15 0 0
WP Labuan 10,164 47.6 1 100 8,714 40.8 0 0 1,555 7.28 0 0 925 4.33 0 0
WP Putrajaya 12,148 49.5 1 100 8,776 35.7 0 0 3,634 14.8 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total
4,080,797
35.6
79
32.9
54
5,615,822
45.56
122
54.9
55
2,051,188
16.99
18
8.11
4
99,211
0.82
3
1.35
3
Seats
Pakatan Harapan (55.86%)
Barisan Nasional (35.59%)
Gagasan Sejahtera (8.10%)
Other / Independent (0.44%)
Vote share
Pakatan Harapan + WARISAN
47.92%
Barisan Nasional
33.80%
Gagasan Sejahtera
16.99%
Others
1.29%
Parliamentary seats
Pakatan Harapan + WARISAN
55.86%
Barisan Nasional
35.59%
Gagasan Sejahtera
8.10%
United Sabah Alliance
0.45%
State assemblies[edit]
Main article: Results of the Malaysian general election, 2018 by state constituency
Summary of the 2018 Malaysian Dewan Undangan Negeri election results[39]
** Fraction of total popular votes in each state rounded to the nearest percent
* Fraction of total seats in each state rounded to the nearest percent
± Change in number of seats from before the election
State /
federal territory
Barisan Nasional
Pakatan Harapan
Gagasan Sejahtera
Other / Independent
Votes
%
Seats
%
±
Votes
%
Seats
%
±
Votes
%
Seats
%
±
Votes
%
Seats
%
±
Johor 582,265 38.8 19 33.9 18 803,148 53.6 36 64.3 20 113,216 7.6 1 1.8 2 721 0 0 0
Kedah 278,694 29.6 3 8.3 17 343,519 36.5 18 50 9 313,171 33.7 15 41.7 8 930 0.1 0 0
Kelantan 308,639 37.6 8 17.8 4 82,243 10.0 0 0 2 426,602 52.0 37 82.2 6 3,064 0.4 0 0
Malacca 156,318 37.8 13 46.4 8 211,153 51.1 15 53.6 9 44,537 10.8 0 0 1 1,148 0.3 0 0
Negeri Sembilan 182,294 38.0 16 44.4 6 258,737 53.9 20 55.6 6 35,913 7.5 0 0 3,059 0.6 0 0
Pahang 275,766 41.8 25 59.5 5 190,711 28.9 9 21.4 1 192,176 29.1 8 19.0 6 1,510 0.2 0 0
Penang 176,723 22.4 2 5.0 8 530,008 67.2 37 92.5 8 77,171 9.8 1 2.5 4,785 0.6 0 0
Perak 395,708 33.3 27 45.0 4 595,219 50.1 29 48.3 5 194,735 16.4 3 5.1 1 2,979 0.3 0 0
Perlis 47,151 39.0 10 66.7 3 42,220 34.9 3 20.0 2 31,335 25.9 2 13.3 1 132 0.1 0 0
Sabah 355,091 42.0 29 48.3 19 398,340 47.2 29 48.3 18 11,241 1.3 0 0.0 79.945 9.5 2 3.3 1
Selangor 450,742 21.9 4 7.1 8 1,303,102 63.4 51 91.1 20 296,250 14.4 1 1.8 12 6,324 0.3 0 0
Terengganu 261,653 42.2 10 31.3 7 45,429 7.3 0 0 1 313,503 50.5 22 67.8 8 0 0 0 0
Total
3,471,044
27.4
168
32.9
107
7,132,462
56.3
247
48.9
93
2,049,850
16.2
90
17.8
13
24,732
0.2
2
0.4
1
Seats which changed allegiance[edit]
Main article: List of MPs who lost their seat in the Malaysian general election, 2018
Barisan Nasional to Pakatan Harapan (40)
P002 – Kangar
P004 – Langkawi
P005 – Jerlun
P006 – Kubang Pasu
P014 – Merbok
P018 – Kulim-Bandar Baharu
P053 – Balik Pulau
P063 – Tambun
P077 – Tanjong Malim
P089 – Bentong
P093 – Sungai Besar
P094 – Hulu Selangor
P096 – Kuala Selangor
P118 – Setiawangsa
P119 – Titiwangsa
P129 – Kuala Pilah
P133 – Tampin
P135 – Alor Gajah
P136 – Tangga Batu
P140 – Segamat
P141 – Sekijang
P142 – Labis
P143 – Pagoh
P144 – Ledang
P146 – Muar
P149 – Sri Gading
P151 – Simpang Renggam
P158 – Tebrau
P159 – Pasir Gudang
P160 – Johor Bahru
P161 – Pulai
P165 – Tanjung Piai
P173 – Putatan
P179 – Ranau
P181 – Tenom
P190 – Tawau
P192 – Mas Gading
P198 – Puncak Borneo
P205 – Saratok
P214 – Selangau
Barisan Nasional to Warisan (8)
P169 – Kota Belud
P171 – Sepanggar
P175 – Papar
P185 – Batu Sapi
P188 – Silam
P189 – Semporna
P191 – Kalabakan
PAS to Pakatan Harapan (7)
P008 – Pokok Sena
P057 – Parit Buntar
P088 – Temerloh
P101 – Hulu Langat
P108 – Shah Alam
P111 – Kota Raja
P113 – Sepang
Barisan Nasional to PAS (5)
P011 – Pendang
P012 – Jerai
P013 – Sik
P034 – Setiu
P040 – Kemaman
Pakatan Harapan to PAS (3)
P019 – Tumpat
P031 - Kuala Krai
P036 - Kuala Terengganu
Barisan Nasional to Independent (2)
P203 – Lubok Antu
P209 – Julau
Pakatan Harapan to Independent (1)
P115 – Batu
Barisan Nasional to STAR (1)
P180 – Keningau
PAS to Barisan Nasional (1)
P059 – Bukit Gantang
PSM to Pakatan Harapan (1)
P062 – Sungai Siput
Aftermath[edit]
Pakatan's victory triggered nation-wide celebrations, marking the end of a 61-year rule by Barisan Nasional (and preceding Alliance Party).[40] 4th Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad was sworn in as the 7th prime minister on the night of 10th May, which also sparked wide celebrations across the country.[41]
Defections and government formation[edit]
A day after the election, the United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation (UPKO) announced that they have left the Barisan Nasional coalition, and will join Warisan in forming the state government in Sabah.[42] However, the five elected assemblymen of the party stated that they refused to leave the coalition, and will maintain allegiance to Barisan.[43] As such, Barisan Nasional, along with the support of the Homeland Solidarity Party (STAR), temporarily formed the next Sabah state government, with Musa Aman chosen as the Chief Minister.[44]
However, the formation of the Sabah state government didn't last long. On the following day, six Sabah BN assemblymen, four from UMNO and two from UPKO, announced that they had defected to Warisan.[45] This resulted in Barisan not having enough seats to form the state government, thus giving Warisan, along with Pakatan Harapan, the needed mandate to form the new Sabah state government.[46] Warisan president, Shafie Apdal, was later sworn in as the new Sabah Chief Minister the day after.[47] On the same day, a second Sabah-based Barisan component party, the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), announced that they will also leave the coalition due to poor performance in the election, not winning a single seat they contested in.[48]
The following day afterwards, two Sabah-based Barisan component party, the United Sabah People's Party (PBRS) and the United Sabah Party (PBS), announced that they will also leave Barisan. PBRS stated that they will apply for membership in the ruling party coalition, Pakatan Harapan,[49] while PBS stated that they will form a new Sabah-based coalition, compromising of all Sabah BN parties.[50]
On the same day, 3 Johor BN assemblymen announced that they have defected to PPBM, giving Pakatan a two-thirds majority in the Johor State Legislative Assembly,[51] while 2 Perak BN assemblymen announced that they will support Pakatan in forming the new Perak state government, while maintaining their allegiance with Barisan, giving Pakatan the needed mandate to form the state government in Perak, ending the hung parliament status-quo.[52] This resulted in both assemblymen having their UMNO membership dropped, thus becoming independents.[53] Perak Pakatan chairman, Ahmad Faizal Azumu, was later sworn in as the new Perak Menteri Besar.[54] Subsequently, two independent MPs, Jugah Muyang, who won in Lubok Antu, and Larry Sng Wei Shien, who won in Julau, announced that they have joined PKR.[55] Jugah Muyang won in a three-cornered fight against both Barisan and PKR, while the latter was endorsed by Pakatan against the BN candidate.[56]
On 13 May, a third independent MP, Prabakaran Parameswaran, who won in the constituency of Batu, announced that he would also join PKR, increasing Pakatan's total tally in the Dewan Rakyat to 124.[57] He was endorsed by PKR during the election after PKR's original candidate, Tian Chua, was disqualified from contesting due to a RM2,000 fine.[58]
On 14 May, a Perak BN assemblyman, Zainol Fadzi Paharudin, who had his UMNO membership dropped for supporting Pakatan in forming the state government, announced that he has joined PPBM,[59] giving Pakatan 30 seats in the Perak State Legislative Assembly, enough for a simple majority.
Party leadership changes[edit]
After facing a defeat in the election, losing nearly a third of its seat in the Dewan Rakyat, former Prime Minister Najib Razak announced his resignation as president of UMNO and chairman of Barisan Nasional on 12 May.[60] Party deputy president Ahmad Zahid Hamidi took over the role as president of UMNO and chairman of Barisan Nasional, while vice-president Hishammuddin Hussein took over the duties of deputy president and deputy chairman of Barisan.[61]
Controversies[edit]
There had been many controversies before the general election began, mostly regarding gerrymandering and electoral boundary re-delineations in favour of the ruling party. The body regulating elections in Malaysia, the Electoral Commission (which is under the control of the Prime Minister's Department) has been criticised by Bersih, Human Rights Commission of Malaysia and other organisations for electoral malpractices, arbitrary decisions and a lack of transparency.[62][63][64]
Gerrymandering[edit]
Opposition parties, non-governmental organisations and even politicians from the ruling party have accused the government of gerrymandering, manipulating the composition of electoral seats in favour of Barisan Nasional.[65] The opposition claims that the manipulation primarily involves merging opposition-dominated areas into large, single seats and dividing BN-favouring areas among several, smaller seats so as to favour rural voters who are more inclined to support the ruling party.[66] An analyst with electoral reform group Tindak Malaysia estimates that this latest redelineation process would allow Barisan Nasional to regain control with just 33% of the vote.[67]
The Electoral Integrity Project (EIP), an independent academic project based at Harvard University and the University of Sydney that studies election integrity and assigns PEI scores (Global Perceptions of Electoral Integrity) to countries across the world, had in its most recent research paper published in November 2017, determined and ranked Malaysia's election integrity at 142nd out of 158 countries, just above Zimbabwe (143th), Vietnam (147th) and Afghanistan (150th).[68]
Polling Day on midweek[edit]
Some of Malaysians protested the EC's decision to set Polling Day on midweek (Wednesday, 9 May) rather than to set it on weekend (i.e. Saturday) as it had been in the previous General Elections. Some of them, including Pakatan Harapan chairman Mahathir Mohamad,[69] PAS deputy president Tuan Ibrahim Tuan Man[70] and Bersih chairperson Maria Chin,[71] viewed such decision to be unfair, undemocratic, and an attempt to discourage people overseas or interstate from returning to their hometowns to vote.[72]
Overseas ballot issues[edit]
Since the 2013 elections, overseas voting has been open to the majority of Malaysian registered voters living abroad[73]. However, registered overseas Malaysian voters were reported to have received their ballots late, some even on election day, despite the election commission requiring their ballots to be returned before the close of polling stations to be counted as valid.[74] As a result, many of these overseas voters organised on social media to bring theirs and other ballots back through casual couriers.[75][76] The Election Commission of Malaysia currently denies trying to stop overseas Malaysians to vote.
Nomination Day controversies[edit]
Controversies have erupted after six candidates for the opposition coalition, Pakatan Harapan, were disqualified from running under suspicious circumstances on Nomination Day (Saturday 28 April 2018).[77] The most prominent disqualification was that of PKR vice-president Chua Tian Chang, who the local returning officer prevented from defending his Batu parliamentary seat due to an earlier court conviction, despite a High Court judgement which made clear he was eligible to continue as an MP. A subsequent High Court appeal was thrown out, under the claim that they did not have jurisdiction over election-related matters.[78] Chua and his party are consequently endorsing independent candidate, 22-year-old P. Prabakaran, for the seat.[79]
Meanwhile, in Rantau, Negeri Sembilan, the state's Chief Minister Mohamad Hasan was re-elected unopposed after opposition candidate Dr. Streram Sinnasamy was prevented from entering the nomination centre, ostensibly as he did not have an entry pass, despite his claim that he was never issued one and despite the fact that there are no laws requiring candidates to have entry passes.[80] Four other opposition candidates were barred for being undischarged bankrupts, despite claims that earlier checks with the authorities had confirmed their ability to participate.[77]
Lawyers and other political analysts have criticised these returning officers for a "gross abuse of power" that went beyond their primary role (to assist with filing nomination papers) and deprived several candidates of the chance to exercise their democratic right. They claim that incidents like this contribute to the perception that Malaysian elections are inherently unfair and weaken the rule of law.[81] Pakatan Harapan chairman Mahathir Mohamad has confirmed that he will appeal these decisions to the courts, alleging an "abuse of power" by "officers who are willing to do illegal things on orders".[82]
Alleged vote-buying[edit]
The ruling coalition, Barisan Nasional, has faced criticism for alleged vote-buying. The Nikkei Asian Review has noted that measures like cash bonuses being handed out to civil servants and pensioners, key components of its support base, occurred just before the dissolution of the lower house of Parliament,[83] with other measures announced during the campaign trail including "special aid" of RM500 (US$127) and reserved social housing units for employees of government-linked company DRB-HICOM[84] as well as minimum wage increases.[85]
Within constituencies, Barisan Nasional MPs have come under significant criticism from electoral watchdog Bersih, with seven out of ten individuals named in their "Election Offenses Hall of Shame" being from Barisan Nasional component parties. Musa Aman, Noh Omar, Hamzah Zainudin and Shahanim Mohd Yusuf (BN-UMNO) as well as P. Kamalanathan and Jaspal Singh (BN-MIC) were publicly reprimanded for handing out free food, petrol, furniture, groceries and motorcycles in their respective constituencies, in what was widely seen as an attempt to sway the vote in favour of them.[86]
Controversy has also erupted over Barisan Nasional's battle for the Sekinchan constituency, considered a marginal seat held by opposition party DAP, where an election event organised by Datuk Seri Jamal Yunos (the UMNO chief for Sungai Besar) in support of local candidate Lee Yee Yuan (BN-MCA) included an all-you-can-eat buffet, chances to win a motorcycle and a RM25,000 (US$6,345) cash prize, as well as a promise of a RM2,000 (US$508) payment for every voter if they are elected.[87] All payments, along with a claimed RM150,000 in donations and a Mercedes-Benz C200 to be offered at the next event, were claimed to have been donated by "successful businessmen" in the small fishing village (population: 20,000) who wanted to show their "gratitude" to BN.[88] While Yunos denies any wrongdoing, claiming that he is not a candidate but is "only conveying contributions from certain individuals," the Sekinchan DAP branch has lodged a police report against him for alleged vote-buying.[89]
Yunos has also faced controversy for being caught on video handing out RM50 (US$13) notes from a bag at a function in the Sungai Leman Bendang Utara village, which is also part of Sekinchan. He has claimed that those being paid were "party workers" responsible for "putting up flags, buntings and other materials," a claim that media were unable to independently verify. Media outlet Malaysiakini noted that most of those being paid were not dressed in Barisan Nasional colours, and that significant numbers of senior citizens and children were present at the event.[90]
The main opposition alliance, Pakatan Harapan, has also not been immune to allegations of vote-buying. Pakatan Harapan's manifesto, particularly, lists as a key promise the abolition of Malaysia's 6% GST and increasing minimum wages, which journalists and financial analysts claim amounts to pork-barrel populism that could negatively affect Malaysian government finances.[83][91] Bersih also included Afif Bahardin (PH-PKR) on their Election Offenses Hall of Shame for utilising Penang state government programmes to give handouts such as hampers to voters in his constituency of Seberang Jaya.[92]
Additionally, Ahmad Yakob (GS-PAS) the Chief Minister of Kelantan, was singled out for criticism after "repeatedly using Kelantan state government" resources to benefit the campaign of his party, PAS (competing as the main component of the Gagasan Sejahtera coalition), including by handing out cash to religious leaders in a state government hall covered in PAS flags.[86]
See also[edit]
Politics portal
Malaysia portal
List of candidates of the Malaysian general election, 2018
List of Malaysian electoral districts
Malaysian general election, 2013
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Jump up ^ "Malaysia election: PKR vice-president Tian Chua disqualified from contesting". Straits Times. 28 April 2018. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "Sungai Manik rep applies to join PPBM". Yahoo News. 14 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "Najib resigns as Umno, BN chief". Malaysiakini. 12 May 2018. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "Najib resigns party posts, Zahid to take over". Free Malaysia Today. 12 May 2018. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "EC chief earns five stars in Bersih's GE Hall of Shame". Malaysiakini. 4 May 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
Jump up ^ Tay, Chester (6 May 2018). "EC responsible for 10 electoral crimes in GE14, Bersih prelim report finds". Edge Markets. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ahead of GE14, Suhakam spotlights EC's 'declining public confidence'". Malaysiakini. 11 April 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
Jump up ^ Michael Murty (3 January 2018). "Gerakan man flays EC for 'gerrymandering of the highest order'". Free Malaysia Today. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
Jump up ^ Harvey, Adam (4 May 2018). "Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak can bank on regional support despite corruption scandal". ABC News. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
Jump up ^ Trinna Leong; Nadirah H. Rodzi (28 March 2018). "Electoral maps for upcoming Malaysia election passed in Parliament". The Straits Times. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
Jump up ^ Looi Sue-Chern (1 December 2017). "Study finds Malaysia near bottom in electoral integrity". The Malaysian Insight. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
Jump up ^ Koh Jun Lin (10 April 2018). "Wednesday polling day 'undemocratic', says Dr M". Malaysiakini. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
Jump up ^ Nina Farzuin Md Sharom (10 April 2018). "Merompak hak rakyat untuk mengundi" (in Malay). Sinar Harian. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
Jump up ^ Adrian Phung; Rajvinder Singh (10 April 2018). "Bersih 2.0 slams EC's midweek polling date". The Sun. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Malaysia election: Weekday polls not new to Malaysia, took place when Mahathir was PM, says BN". Straits Times. 10 April 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "How does postal voting work for Malaysians overseas?". AskLegal. 7 May 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
Jump up ^ Sukumaran, Tashny (8 May 2018). "Still no overseas ballots? Expat Malaysians voters upset by delays and an impossible deadline". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "The amazing race to send postal ballots back home". Malaysiakini. 9 May 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
Jump up ^ Tan, Ervin (8 May 2018). "Last-minute rush for Malaysians trying to cast their vote from overseas". Straits Times. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Teoh, Shannon (29 April 2018). "Out: Six PH nominees, including PKR's V-P". Straits Times. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "Disqualified PKR leader Tian Chua fails in bid to reverse Election Commission's decision". The Straits Times. 4 May 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
Jump up ^ May Robertson (4 May 2018). "In Batu, Tian Chua throws support behind indie Prabakaran". The Malay Mail. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
Jump up ^ Shannon Teoh (28 April 2018). "A Malaysia general election of many firsts from the start". The Straits Times. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
Jump up ^ V Anbalagan (29 April 2018). "Don't be judge and jury, election officials told". Free Malaysia Today. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
Jump up ^ Melissa Darlyne Chow (29 April 2018). "Dr M: Some officers will do illegal things on orders". Free Malaysia Today. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Pork-barrel election pledges are a step back for Malaysian democracy". Nikkei Asian Review. 25 April 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
Jump up ^ Joash Ee De Silva (27 April 2018). "Najib announces RM500 special aid each for DRB-Hicom employees". The Star. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "Najib promises paternity leave, higher minimum wages". Bernama. Free Malaysia Today. 1 May 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "MEDIA STATEMENT (29 APRIL 2018): BERSIH 2.0 Unveils New Line-up in the Hall of Shame 10 days to Polling Day". Bersih. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
Jump up ^ Annabelle Lee; Wong Kai Hui (1 May 2018). "BN fetes Sekinchan Chinese folk to feast, music and cash prizes". Malaysiakini. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "Despite police report, Jamal Yunos promises Mercedes-Benz giveaway at next 'concert'". The Malay Mail. 2 May 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "Sekinchan DAP lodges report against Jamal Yunos". The Star. 2 May 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
Jump up ^ Wong Kai Hui (2 May 2018). "Jamal rallies troops, hands RM50 to 'workers'". Malaysiakini. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
Jump up ^ William Pesek (10 April 2018). "An election campaign Malaysia cannot afford". Nikkei Asian Review. The Edge Markets. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "EC chief, PKR Youth leader inducted into Bersih's 'Hall of Shame'". Malaysiakini. 29 April 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
External links[edit]
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