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Denmark
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Sovereign state and Scandinavian country in northern Europe
For other uses, see Denmark (disambiguation).
Kingdom of Denmark
Kongeriget Danmark (Danish)
Flag
Coat of arms
Anthem: Der er et yndigt land
There is a lovely country
Kong Christian stod ved højen mast[N 1]
King Christian stood by the lofty mast
Location of the Kingdom of Denmark (green), including Greenland, the Faroe Islands (circled), and Denmark proper
Location of Denmark proper[N 2] (dark green)
– in Europe (green & dark grey)
– in the European Union (green)
Capital
and largest city
Copenhagen
55°43′N 12°34′E / 55.717°N 12.567°E / 55.717; 12.567
Official languages
Danish
Recognised regional languages
Faroese
Greenlandic
German[N 3]
Religion
Church of Denmark
Church of the Faroe Islands
Demonym
Danish
Dane
Autonomous constituent countries
Faroe Islands
Greenland
Government
Unitary parliamentary
constitutional monarchy
• Monarch
Margrethe II
• Prime Minister
Lars Løkke Rasmussen
Legislature
Folketing
History
• Consolidation
c. 8th century[2]
• Constitutional Act
5 June 1849
• The unity of the Realm
24 March 1948[N 4]
Area
• Denmark proper
42,933 km2 (16,577 sq mi)[3] (130th)
• Faroe Islands
1,393.4 km2 (537.99 sq mi)
• Greenland
2,166,086 km2 (836,330 sq mi)
Population
• April 2018 estimate
5,785,864[4] (112th)
• Faroe Islands
50,498[5]
• Greenland
55,860[6]
• Density (Denmark)
134.76/km2 (349.0/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)
2017 estimate
• Total
$286.766 billion[7][N 5] (52nd)
• Per capita
$49,883[7] (19th)
GDP (nominal)
2017 estimate
• Total
$340.982 billion[7][N 5] (34th)
• Per capita
$59,314[7] (6th)
Gini (2015)
28.8[8]
low
HDI (2015)
0.925[9]
very high · 5th
Currency
Danish krone[N 6] (DKK)
Time zone
CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)
CEST (UTC+2)
[N 7]
Drives on the
right
Calling code
3 calling codes[show]
+45 (Denmark)
+298 (Faroe Islands)
+299 (Greenland)
ISO 3166 code
DK
Internet TLD
3 TLDs[show]
.dk (Denmark)[N 8]
.fo (Faroe Islands)
.gl (Greenland)
Denmark (Danish: Danmark, pronounced [ˈdanmɑɡ] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Denmark,[N 9] is a sovereign state in Europe. Denmark is a Nordic country and the southernmost of the Scandinavian nations, it is south-west of Sweden and south of Norway,[N 10] and bordered to the south by Germany. The Kingdom of Denmark also comprises two autonomous constituent countries in the North Atlantic Ocean: the Faroe Islands and Greenland. Denmark proper consists of a peninsula, Jutland, and an archipelago of 443 named islands,[N 2][10] with the largest being Zealand, Funen and the North Jutlandic Island. The islands are characterised by flat, arable land and sandy coasts, low elevation and a temperate climate. Denmark has a total area of 42,924 km2 (16,573 sq mi), land area of 42,394 km2 (16,368 sq mi)[3] , and the total area including Greenland and the Faroe Islands is 2,210,579 km2 (853,509 sq mi), and a population of 5,781,190 (as of 2018[update]).[4]
The unified kingdom of Denmark emerged in the 10th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea.[2] Denmark, Sweden and Norway were ruled together as one realm under the Kalmar Union, established in 1397 and ending with Swedish secession in 1523. The areas of Denmark and Norway remained under the same monarch until 1814, often referred to as the Dano-Norwegian Realm, or simply Denmark-Norway. After the Napoleonic Wars, Norway was ceded to Sweden, while Denmark kept the Faroe Islands, Greenland and Iceland. Beginning in the 17th century, there were several devastating wars with the Swedish Empire, ending with large cessions of territory to Sweden. In the 19th century there was a surge of nationalist movements, which were defeated in the 1864 Second Schleswig War. Denmark remained neutral during World War I. In April 1940, a German invasion saw brief military skirmishes while the Danish resistance movement was active from 1943 until the German surrender in May 1945. An industrialised exporter of agricultural produce in the second half of the 19th century, Denmark introduced social and labour-market reforms in the early 20th century that created the basis for the present welfare state model with a highly developed mixed economy.
The Constitution of Denmark was signed on 5 June 1849, ending the absolute monarchy, which had begun in 1660. It establishes a constitutional monarchy organised as a parliamentary democracy. The government and national parliament are seated in Copenhagen, the nation's capital, largest city and main commercial centre. Denmark exercises hegemonic influence in the Danish Realm, devolving powers to handle internal affairs. Home rule was established in the Faroe Islands in 1948; in Greenland home rule was established in 1979 and further autonomy in 2009. Denmark became a member of the European Economic Community (now the EU) in 1973, maintaining certain opt-outs; it retains its own currency, the krone. It is among the founding members of NATO, the Nordic Council, the OECD, OSCE, and the United Nations; it is also part of the Schengen Area.
Denmark is considered to be one of the most economically and socially developed countries in the world.[11] Danes enjoy a high standard of living and the country ranks highly in some metrics of national performance, including education, health care, protection of civil liberties, democratic governance, prosperity and human development.[12][13][14] The country ranks as having the world's highest social mobility,[15] a high level of income equality,[16] is the country with the lowest perceived level of corruption in the world, the fifth-most developed in the world, has one of the world's highest per capita incomes, and one of the world's highest personal income tax rates.[17]
Contents
1 Etymology
2 History
2.1 Prehistory
2.2 Viking and Middle Ages
2.3 Early modern history (1536–1849)
2.4 Constitutional monarchy (1849–present)
3 Geography
3.1 Climate
3.2 Ecology
3.3 Environment
4 Administrative divisions
4.1 Regions
4.2 Greenland and the Faroe Islands
5 Politics
5.1 Government
5.2 Law and judicial system
5.3 Foreign relations
5.4 Military
6 Economy
6.1 Science and technology
6.2 Public policy
6.3 Energy
6.4 Transport
7 Demographics
7.1 Languages
7.2 Religion
7.3 Education
7.4 Health
7.5 Ghettos
8 Culture
8.1 Media
8.2 Music
8.3 Architecture and design
8.4 Literature and philosophy
8.5 Painting and photography
8.6 Cuisine
8.7 Sports
9 See also
10 Notes
11 References
12 External links
Etymology[edit]
Main article: Etymology of Denmark
The etymology of the word Denmark, and especially the relationship between Danes and Denmark and the unifying of Denmark as a single kingdom, is a subject which attracts debate.[18][19] This is centred primarily on the prefix "Dan" and whether it refers to the Dani or a historical person Dan and the exact meaning of the -"mark" ending.
Most handbooks derive the first part of the word, and the name of the people, from a word meaning "flat land",[20] related to German Tenne "threshing floor", English den "cave".[20] The -mark is believed to mean woodland or borderland (see marches), with probable references to the border forests in south Schleswig.[21]
The first recorded use of the word Danmark within Denmark itself is found on the two Jelling stones, which are runestones believed to have been erected by Gorm the Old (c. 955) and Harald Bluetooth (c. 965). The larger stone of the two is popularly cited as Denmark's "baptismal certificate" (dåbsattest),[22] though both use the word "Denmark", in the form of accusative ᛏᛅᚾᛘᛅᚢᚱᚴ "tanmaurk" ([danmɒrk]) on the large stone, and genitive ᛏᛅᚾᛘᛅᚱᚴᛅᚱ "tanmarkar" (pronounced [danmarkaɽ]) on the small stone.[23] The inhabitants of Denmark are there called "tani" ([danɪ]), or "Danes", in the accusative.
History[edit]
Main article: History of Denmark
See also: History of Greenland and History of the Faroe Islands
Prehistory[edit]
The gilded side of the Trundholm sun chariot dating from the Nordic Bronze Age
The earliest archaeological findings in Denmark date back to the Eem interglacial period from 130,000–110,000 BC.[24] Denmark has been inhabited since around 12,500 BC and agriculture has been evident since 3900 BC.[25] The Nordic Bronze Age (1800–600 BC) in Denmark was marked by burial mounds, which left an abundance of findings including lurs and the Sun Chariot.
During the Pre-Roman Iron Age (500 BC – AD 1), native groups began migrating south, and the first tribal Danes came to the country between the Pre-Roman and the Germanic Iron Age,[26] in the Roman Iron Age (AD 1–400).[25] The Roman provinces maintained trade routes and relations with native tribes in Denmark, and Roman coins have been found in Denmark. Evidence of strong Celtic cultural influence dates from this period in Denmark and much of North-West Europe and is among other things reflected in the finding of the Gundestrup cauldron.
The tribal Danes came from the east Danish islands (Zealand) and Scania and spoke an early form of North Germanic. Historians believe that before their arrival, most of Jutland and the nearest islands were settled by tribal Jutes. The Jutes migrated to Great Britain eventually, some as mercenaries by Brythonic King Vortigern, and were granted the south-eastern territories of Kent, the Isle of Wight and other areas, where they settled. They were later absorbed or ethnically cleansed by the invading Angles and Saxons, who formed the Anglo-Saxons. The remaining Jutish population in Jutland assimilated in with the settling Danes.
A short note about the Dani in "Getica" by the historian Jordanes is believed to be an early mention of the Danes, one of the ethnic groups from whom modern Danes are descended.[27][28] The Danevirke defence structures were built in phases from the 3rd century forward and the sheer size of the construction efforts in AD 737 are attributed to the emergence of a Danish king.[29] A new runic alphabet was first used around the same time and Ribe, the oldest town of Denmark, was founded about AD 700.
Viking and Middle Ages[edit]
Main articles: Viking Age and Kalmar Union
The Ladby ship, the largest ship burial found in Denmark
From the 8th to the 10th century the wider Scandinavian region was the source of Vikings. They colonised, raided, and traded in all parts of Europe. The Danish Vikings were most active in the eastern and southern British Isles and Western Europe. They conquered and settled parts of England (known as the Danelaw) under King Sweyn Forkbeard in 1013, and France where Danes and Norwegians founded Normandy with Rollo as head of state. More Anglo-Saxon pence of this period have been found in Denmark than in England.[30]
Larger of the two Jelling stones, raised by Harald Bluetooth
Denmark was largely consolidated by the late 8th century and its rulers are consistently referred to in Frankish sources as kings (reges). Under the reign of Gudfred in 804 the Danish kingdom may have included all the lands of Jutland, Scania and the Danish islands, excluding Bornholm.[31] The extant Danish monarchy traces its roots back to Gorm the Old, who established his reign in the early 10th century.[2] As attested by the Jelling stones, the Danes were Christianised around 965 by Harald Bluetooth, the son of Gorm. It is believed that Denmark became Christian for political reasons so as not to get invaded by the rising Christian power in Europe, the Holy Roman Empire, which was an important trading area for the Danes. In that case, Harald built six fortresses around Denmark called Trelleborg and built a further Danevirke. In the early 11th century, Canute the Great won and united Denmark, England, and Norway for almost 30 years with a Scandinavian army.[30]
Throughout the High and Late Middle Ages, Denmark also included Skåneland (the areas of Scania, Halland, and Blekinge in present-day south Sweden) and Danish kings ruled Danish Estonia, as well as the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein. Most of the latter two now form the state of Schleswig-Holstein in northern Germany.
In 1397, Denmark entered into a personal union with Norway and Sweden, united under Queen Margaret I.[32] The three countries were to be treated as equals in the union. However, even from the start, Margaret may not have been so idealistic—treating Denmark as the clear "senior" partner of the union.[33] Thus, much of the next 125 years of Scandinavian history revolves around this union, with Sweden breaking off and being re-conquered repeatedly. The issue was for practical purposes resolved on 17 June 1523, as Swedish King Gustav Vasa conquered the city of Stockholm. The Protestant Reformation spread to Scandinavia in the 1530s, and following the Count's Feud civil war, Denmark converted to Lutheranism in 1536. Later that year, Denmark entered into a union with Norway.
Early modern history (1536–1849)[edit]
Main articles: Denmark–Norway and Danish colonial empire
The Battle of Öland during the Scanian War, between an allied Dano-Norwegian-Dutch fleet and the Swedish navy, 1 June 1676
After Sweden permanently broke away from the personal union, Denmark tried on several occasions to reassert control over its neighbour. King Christian IV attacked Sweden in the 1611–1613 Kalmar War but failed to accomplish his main objective of forcing it to return to the union. The war led to no territorial changes, but Sweden was forced to pay a war indemnity of 1 million silver riksdaler to Denmark, an amount known as the Älvsborg ransom.[34] King Christian used this money to found several towns and fortresses, most notably Glückstadt (founded as a rival to Hamburg) and Christiania. Inspired by the Dutch East India Company, he founded a similar Danish company and planned to claim Ceylon as a colony, but the company only managed to acquire Tranquebar on India's Coromandel Coast. Denmark's large colonial aspirations were limited to a few key trading posts in Africa and India. The empire was sustained by trade with other major powers, and plantations – ultimately a lack of resources led to its stagnation.[35]
In the Thirty Years' War, Christian tried to become the leader of the Lutheran states in Germany but suffered a crushing defeat at the Battle of Lutter.[36] The result was that the Catholic army under Albrecht von Wallenstein was able to invade, occupy, and pillage Jutland, forcing Denmark to withdraw from the war.[37] Denmark managed to avoid territorial concessions, but King Gustavus Adolphus' intervention in Germany was seen as a sign that the military power of Sweden was on the rise while Denmark's influence in the region was declining. In 1643, Swedish armies invaded Jutland and claimed Scania in 1644.
Extent of the Dano-Norwegian Realm. After the Napoleonic Wars, Norway was ceded to Sweden while Denmark kept the Faroe Islands, Iceland and Greenland.
In the 1645 Treaty of Brømsebro, Denmark surrendered Halland, Gotland, the last parts of Danish Estonia, and several provinces in Norway. In 1657, King Frederick III declared war on Sweden and marched on Bremen-Verden. This led to a massive Danish defeat and the armies of King Charles X Gustav of Sweden conquered both Jutland, Funen, and much of Zealand before signing the Peace of Roskilde in February 1658, which gave Sweden control of Scania, Blekinge, Trøndelag, and the island of Bornholm. Charles X Gustav quickly regretted not having wrecked Denmark and in August 1658, he began a two-year-long siege of Copenhagen but failed to take the capital.[38] In the following peace settlement, Denmark managed to maintain its independence and regain control of Trøndelag and Bornholm.
Denmark tried to regain control of Scania in the Scanian War (1675–1679) but it ended in failure. After the Great Northern War (1700–21), Denmark managed to restore control of the parts of Schleswig and Holstein ruled by the house of Holstein-Gottorp in the 1720 Treaty of Frederiksborg and the 1773 Treaty of Tsarskoye Selo, respectively. Denmark prospered greatly in the last decades of the 18th century due to its neutral status allowing it to trade with both sides in the many contemporary wars. In the Napoleonic Wars, Denmark traded with both France and the United Kingdom and joined the League of Armed Neutrality with Russia, Sweden, and Prussia.[39] The British considered this a hostile act and attacked Copenhagen in 1801 and 1807, in one case carrying off the Danish fleet, in the other, burning large parts of the Danish capital. This led to the so-called Danish-British Gunboat War. British control of the waterways between Denmark and Norway proved disastrous to the union's economy and in 1813 Denmark–Norway went bankrupt.
The union was dissolved by the Treaty of Kiel in 1814; the Danish monarchy "irrevocably and forever" renounced claims to the Kingdom of Norway in favour of the Swedish king.[40] Denmark kept the possessions of Iceland (which retained the Danish monarchy until 1944), the Faroe Islands and Greenland, all of which had been governed by Norway for centuries.[41] Apart from the Nordic colonies, Denmark continued to rule over Danish India from 1620 to 1869, the Danish Gold Coast (Ghana) from 1658 to 1850, and the Danish West Indies from 1671 to 1917.
Constitutional monarchy (1849–present)[edit]
The National Constitutional Assembly was convened by King Frederick VII in 1848 to adopt the Constitution of Denmark.
A nascent Danish liberal and national movement gained momentum in the 1830s; after the European Revolutions of 1848, Denmark peacefully became a constitutional monarchy on 5 June 1849. A new constitution established a two-chamber parliament. Denmark faced war against both Prussia and Habsburg Austria in what became known as the Second Schleswig War, lasting from February to October 1864. Denmark was defeated and obliged to cede Schleswig and Holstein to Prussia. This loss came as the latest in the long series of defeats and territorial loss that had begun in the 17th century. After these events, Denmark pursued a policy of neutrality in Europe.
Industrialisation came to Denmark in the second half of the 19th century.[42] The nation's first railways were constructed in the 1850s, and improved communications and overseas trade allowed industry to develop in spite of Denmark's lack of natural resources. Trade unions developed starting in the 1870s. There was a considerable migration of people from the countryside to the cities, and Danish agriculture became centred on the export of dairy and meat products.
Denmark maintained its neutral stance during World War I. After the defeat of Germany, the Versailles powers offered to return the region of Schleswig-Holstein to Denmark. Fearing German irredentism, Denmark refused to consider the return of the area without a plebiscite; the two Schleswig Plebiscites took place on 10 February and 14 March 1920, respectively. On 10 July 1920, Northern Schleswig was recovered by Denmark, thereby adding some 163,600 inhabitants and 3,984 square kilometres (1,538 sq mi).
In 1939 Denmark signed a 10-year non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany but Germany invaded Denmark on 9 April 1940 and the Danish government quickly surrendered. World War II in Denmark was characterised by economic co-operation with Germany until 1943, when the Danish government refused further co-operation and its navy scuttled most of its ships and sent many of its officers to Sweden, which was neutral. The Danish resistance performed a rescue operation that managed to evacuate several thousand Jews and their families to safety in Sweden before the Germans could send them to death camps. Some Danes supported Nazism by joining the Danish Nazi Party or volunteering to fight with Germany as part of the Frikorps Danmark.[43] Iceland severed ties to Denmark and became an independent republic in 1944; Germany surrendered in May 1945; in 1948, the Faroe Islands gained home rule; in 1949, Denmark became a founding member of NATO.
Denmark became a member of the European Union in 1973 and signed the Lisbon Treaty in 2007.
Denmark was a founding member of European Free Trade Association (EFTA). During the 1960s, the EFTA countries were often referred to as the Outer Seven, as opposed to the Inner Six of what was then the European Economic Community (EEC).[44] In 1973, along with Britain and Ireland, Denmark joined the European Economic Community (now the European Union) after a public referendum. The Maastricht Treaty, which involved further European integration, was rejected by the Danish people in 1992; it was only accepted after a second referendum in 1993, which provided for four opt-outs from policies. The Danes rejected the euro as the national currency in a referendum in 2000. Greenland gained home rule in 1979 and was awarded self-determination in 2009. Neither the Faroe Islands nor Greenland are members of the European Union, the Faroese having declined membership of the EEC in 1973 and Greenland in 1986, in both cases because of fisheries policies.
Constitutional change in 1953 led to a single-chamber parliament elected by proportional representation, female accession to the Danish throne, and Greenland becoming an integral part of Denmark. The centre-left Social Democrats led a string of coalition governments for most of the second half of the 20th century, introducing the Nordic welfare model. The Liberal Party and the Conservative People's Party have also led centre-right governments. In recent years the right-wing populist[45] Danish People's Party has emerged as a major party—becoming the second-largest following the 2015 general election—during which time immigration and integration have become major issues of public debate.
Geography[edit]
Main article: Geography of Denmark
Also related: Geography of the Faroe Islands and Geography of Greenland
A satellite image of Jutland and the Danish islands
Located in Northern Europe, Denmark[N 2] consists of the peninsula of Jutland and 443 named islands (1,419 islands above 100 square metres (1,100 sq ft) in total).[47] Of these, 74 are inhabited (January 2015),[48] with the largest being Zealand, the North Jutlandic Island, and Funen. The island of Bornholm is located east of the rest of the country, in the Baltic Sea. Many of the larger islands are connected by bridges; the Øresund Bridge connects Zealand with Sweden; the Great Belt Bridge connects Funen with Zealand; and the Little Belt Bridge connects Jutland with Funen. Ferries or small aircraft connect to the smaller islands. The four cities with populations over 100,000 are the capital Copenhagen on Zealand; Aarhus and Aalborg in Jutland; and Odense on Funen.
A map showing major urban areas, islands and connecting bridges
The country occupies a total area of 42,924 square kilometres (16,573 sq mi)[3] The area of inland water is 700 km2 (270 sq mi), variously stated as from 500 – 700 km2 (193–270 sq mi). Lake Arresø northwest of Copenhagen is the largest lake. The size of the land area cannot be stated exactly since the ocean constantly erodes and adds material to the coastline, and because of human land reclamation projects (to counter erosion). Post-glacial rebound raises the land by a bit less than 1 cm (0.4 in) per year in the north and east, extending the coast. A circle enclosing the same area as Denmark would be 234 kilometres (145 miles) in diameter with a circumference of 742 km (461 mi). It shares a border of 68 kilometres (42 mi) with Germany to the south and is otherwise surrounded by 8,750 km (5,437 mi) of tidal shoreline (including small bays and inlets).[49] No location in Denmark is farther from the coast than 52 km (32 mi). On the south-west coast of Jutland, the tide is between 1 and 2 m (3.28 and 6.56 ft), and the tideline moves outward and inward on a 10 km (6.2 mi) stretch.[50] Denmark's territorial waters total 105,000 square kilometres (40,541 square miles).
Denmark's northernmost point is Skagen's point (the north beach of the Skaw) at 57° 45' 7" northern latitude; the southernmost is Gedser point (the southern tip of Falster) at 54° 33' 35" northern latitude; the westernmost point is Blåvandshuk at 8° 4' 22" eastern longitude; and the easternmost point is Østerskær at 15° 11' 55" eastern longitude. This is in the archipelago Ertholmene 18 kilometres (11 mi) north-east of Bornholm. The distance from east to west is 452 kilometres (281 mi), from north to south 368 kilometres (229 mi).
Bay of Aarhus viewed from southern Djursland
The country is flat with little elevation, having an average height above sea level of 31 metres (102 ft). The highest natural point is Møllehøj, at 170.86 metres (560.56 ft).[51] A sizeable portion of Denmark's terrain consists of rolling plains whilst the coastline is sandy, with large dunes in northern Jutland. Although once extensively forested, today Denmark largely consists of arable land. It is drained by a dozen or so rivers, and the most significant include the Gudenå, Odense, Skjern, Suså and Vidå—a river that flows along its southern border with Germany.
The Kingdom of Denmark includes two overseas territories, both well to the west of Denmark: Greenland, the world's largest island, and the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic Ocean. These territories are self-governing and form part of the Danish Realm.
Climate[edit]
Denmark has a temperate climate, characterised by mild winters, with mean temperatures in January of 1.5 °C (34.7 °F), and cool summers, with a mean temperature in August of 17.2 °C (63.0 °F).[52] The most extreme temperatures recorded in Denmark, since 1874 when recordings began, was 36.4 °C (97.5 °F) in 1975 and −31.2 °C (−24.2 °F) in 1982.[53] Denmark has an average of 179 days per year with precipitation, on average receiving a total of 765 millimetres (30 in) per year; autumn is the wettest season and spring the driest.[52] The position between a continent and an ocean means that weather often changes.[54]
Because of Denmark's northern location, there are large seasonal variations in daylight. There are short days during the winter with sunrise coming around 8:45 am and sunset 3:45 pm (standard time), as well as long summer days with sunrise at 4:30 am and sunset at 10 pm (daylight saving time).[55]
showClimate data for Denmark (2001–2010)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Average high °C (°F)
3.3
(37.9) 3.3
(37.9) 6.1
(43) 11.5
(52.7) 15.5
(59.9) 18.5
(65.3) 21.6
(70.9) 21.2
(70.2) 17.5
(63.5) 12.3
(54.1) 7.9
(46.2) 4.2
(39.6) 11.9
(53.4)
Daily mean °C (°F)
1.5
(34.7) 1.2
(34.2) 3.0
(37.4) 7.5
(45.5) 11.4
(52.5) 14.6
(58.3) 17.4
(63.3) 17.2
(63) 13.8
(56.8) 9.4
(48.9) 5.7
(42.3) 2.2
(36) 8.8
(47.8)
Average low °C (°F)
−0.8
(30.6) −1.3
(29.7) −0.2
(31.6) 3.6
(38.5) 7.4
(45.3) 10.6
(51.1) 13.4
(56.1) 13.5
(56.3) 10.2
(50.4) 6.2
(43.2) 3.2
(37.8) −0.3
(31.5) 5.5
(41.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
66
(2.6) 50
(1.97) 43
(1.69) 37
(1.46) 53
(2.09) 68
(2.68) 77
(3.03) 91
(3.58) 62
(2.44) 83
(3.27) 75
(2.95) 61
(2.4) 765
(30.12)
Average rainy days (≥ 1mm)
18 15 13 11 13 13 14 16 14 17 20 17 181
Mean monthly sunshine hours
47 71 146 198 235 239 232 196 162 111 58 45 1,739
Source: Danmarks Meteorologiske Institut
Ecology[edit]
Further information: List of forests in Denmark, List of mammals of Denmark, and List of birds of Denmark
The Danish landscape is characterised by flat, arable land and sandy coasts.
Beech trees are common throughout Denmark, especially in the sparse woodlands.
Denmark belongs to the Boreal Kingdom and can be subdivided into two ecoregions: the Atlantic mixed forests and Baltic mixed forests.[56] Almost all of Denmark's primeval temperate forests have been destroyed or fragmented, chiefly for agricultural purposes during the last millennia.[57] The deforestation has created large swaths of heathland and devastating sand drifts.[57] In spite of this, there are several larger second growth woodlands in the country and, in total, 12.9% of the land is now forested.[58] Norway spruce is the most widespread tree (2017), being important in the production of Christmas trees.
Roe deer occupy the countryside in growing numbers, and large-antlered red deer can be found in the sparse woodlands of Jutland. Denmark is also home to smaller mammals, such as polecats, hares and hedgehogs.[59] Approximately 400 bird species inhabit Denmark and about 160 of those breed in the country.[60] Large marine mammals include healthy populations of Harbour porpoise, growing numbers of pinnipeds and occasional visits of large whales, including blue whales and orcas. Cod, herring and plaice are abundant fish in Danish waters and form the basis for a large fishing industry.[61]
Environment[edit]
Land and water pollution are two of Denmark's most significant environmental issues, although much of the country's household and industrial waste is now increasingly filtered and sometimes recycled. The country has historically taken a progressive stance on environmental preservation; in 1971 Denmark established a Ministry of Environment and was the first country in the world to implement an environmental law in 1973.[62] To mitigate environmental degradation and global warming the Danish Government has signed the Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol.[63] However, the national ecological footprint is 8.26 global hectares per person, which is very high compared to a world average of 1.7 in 2010.[64] Contributing factors to this value are an exceptional high value for cropland but also a relatively high value for grazing land,[65] which may be explained by the substantially high meat production in Denmark (115.8 kilograms (255 lb) meat annually per capita) and the large economic role of the meat and dairy industries.[66] In December 2014, the Climate Change Performance Index for 2015 placed Denmark at the top of the table, explaining that although emissions are still quite high, the country was able to implement effective climate protection policies.[67]
Denmark has an outstanding performance in the global Environmental Performance Index (EPI) with an overall ranking of 4 out of 180 countries in 2016. This recent and significant increase in ranking and performance is mostly due to remarkable achievements in energy efficiency and reductions in CO2 emission levels. A future implementation of air quality improvements are expected. The EPI was established in 2001 by the World Economic Forum as a global gauge to measure how well individual countries perform in implementing the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. The environmental areas where Denmark performs best (i.e. lowest ranking) are sanitation (12), water resource management (13) and health impacts of environmental issues (14), followed closely by the area of biodiversity and habitat. The latter are due to the many protection laws and protected areas of significance within the country even though the EPI is not considering how well these laws and regulations are affecting the current biodiversity and habitats in reality; one of many weaknesses in the EPI.[68] Denmark performs worst (i.e. highest ranking) in the areas of environmental effects of fisheries (128)[69] and forest management (96). The very poor ranking in the fisheries area are due to alarmingly low and continually rapidly declining fish stocks, placing Denmark among the worst performing countries of the world.[70][71] Denmark's territories, Greenland and the Faroe Islands, kill approximately 650 whales per year.[72][73]
Administrative divisions[edit]
Main articles: Regions of Denmark and Municipalities of Denmark
Midtjylland
Nordjylland
Syddanmark
Hovedstaden
Sjælland
Denmark, with a total area of 43,094 square kilometres (16,639 sq mi), is divided into five administrative regions (Danish: regioner). The regions are further subdivided into 98 municipalities (kommuner). The easternmost land in Denmark, the Ertholmene archipelago, with an area of 39 hectares (0.16 sq mi), is neither part of a municipality nor a region but belongs to the Ministry of Defence.[74]
The regions were created on 1 January 2007 to replace the 16 former counties. At the same time, smaller municipalities were merged into larger units, reducing the number from 270. Most municipalities have a population of at least 20,000 to give them financial and professional sustainability, although a few exceptions were made to this rule.[75] The administrative divisions are led by directly elected councils, elected proportionally every four years; the most recent Danish local elections were held on 21 November 2017. Other regional structures use the municipal boundaries as a layout, including the police districts, the court districts and the electoral wards.
Regions[edit]
The governing bodies of the regions are the regional councils, each with forty-one councillors elected for four-year terms. The councils are headed by regional district chairmen (regionsrådsformanden), who are elected by the council.[76] The areas of responsibility for the regional councils are the national health service, social services and regional development.[76][77] Unlike the counties they replaced, the regions are not allowed to levy taxes and the health service is partly financed by a national health care contribution until 2018 (sundhedsbidrag), partly by funds from both government and municipalities.[17] From 1 January 2019 this contribution will be abolished, as it is being replaced by higher income tax instead.
The area and populations of the regions vary widely; for example, the Capital Region, which encompasses the Copenhagen metropolitan area with the exception of the subtracted province East Zeeland but includes the Baltic Sea island of Bornholm, has a population three times larger than that of North Denmark Region, which covers the more sparsely populated area of northern Jutland. Under the county system certain densely populated municipalities, such as Copenhagen Municipality and Frederiksberg, had been given a status equivalent to that of counties, making them first-level administrative divisions. These sui generis municipalities were incorporated into the new regions under the 2007 reforms.
Danish name
English name
Admin. centre
Largest city
(populous)
Population
(January 2017)
Total area
(km²)
Hovedstaden Capital Region of Denmark Hillerød Copenhagen 1,807,404 2,568.29
Midtjylland Central Denmark Region Viborg Aarhus 1,304,253 13,095.80
Nordjylland North Denmark Region Aalborg Aalborg 587,335 7,907.09
Sjælland Region Zealand Sorø Roskilde 832,553 7,268.75
Syddanmark Region of Southern Denmark Vejle Odense 1,217,224 12,132.21
Source: Regional and municipal key figures
Greenland and the Faroe Islands[edit]
Further information: The unity of the Realm
Kunoy island, Faroe Islands
The Kingdom of Denmark is a unitary state that comprises, in addition to Denmark proper, two autonomous constituent countries in the North Atlantic Ocean: Greenland and the Faroe Islands. They have been integrated parts of the Danish Realm since the 18th century; however, due to their separate historical and cultural identities, these parts of the Realm have extensive political powers and have assumed legislative and administrative responsibility in a substantial number of fields.[78] Home rule was granted to the Faroe Islands in 1948 and to Greenland in 1979, each having previously had the status of counties.[79]
Greenland and the Faroe Islands have their own home governments and parliaments and are effectively self-governing in regards to domestic affairs.[79] High Commissioners (Rigsombudsmand) act as representatives of the Danish government in the Faroese Løgting and in the Greenlandic Parliament, but they cannot vote.[79] The Faroese home government is defined to be an equal partner with the Danish national government,[80] while the Greenlandic people are defined as a separate people with the right to self-determination.[81]
Country
Population (2015)
Total area
Capital
Local parliament
Premier
Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat) 56,114[6] 2,166,086 km2 (836,330 sq mi) Nuuk Inatsisartut Kim Kielsen
Faroe Islands (Føroyar) 49,079[5] 1,399 km2 (540.16 sq mi) Tórshavn Løgting Aksel V. Johannesen
Politics[edit]
Main article: Politics of Denmark
See also: Politics of the Faroe Islands and Politics of Greenland
Queen Margrethe II
Lars Løkke Rasmussen
The Queen of Denmark and her Prime Minister
Politics in Denmark operate under a framework laid out in the Constitution of Denmark.[N 11] First written in 1849, it establishes a sovereign state in the form of a constitutional monarchy, with a representative parliamentary system. The monarch officially retains executive power and presides over the Council of State (privy council).[83][84] In practice, the duties of the Monarch are strictly representative and ceremonial,[N 12][85] such as the formal appointment and dismissal of the Prime Minister and other Government ministers. The Monarch is not answerable for his or her actions, and their person is sacrosanct.[86] Hereditary monarch Queen Margrethe II has been head of state since 14 January 1972.
Government[edit]
Main articles: Folketing and Cabinet of Denmark
The Danish Parliament is unicameral and called the Folketing (Danish: Folketinget). It is the legislature of the Kingdom of Denmark, passing acts that apply in Denmark and, variably, Greenland and the Faroe Islands. The Folketing is also responsible for adopting the state's budgets, approving the state's accounts, appointing and exercising control of the Government, and taking part in international co-operation. Bills may be initiated by the Government or by members of parliament. All bills passed must be presented before the Council of State to receive Royal Assent within thirty days in order to become law.[87]
Christiansborg Palace houses the Folketing, the Supreme Court, and Government offices.
Denmark is a representative democracy with universal suffrage.[N 13] Membership of the Folketing is based on proportional representation of political parties,[88] with a 2% electoral threshold. Danes elect 175 members to the Folketing, with Greenland and the Faroe Islands electing an additional two members each—179 members in total.[89] Parliamentary elections are held at least every four years, but it is within the powers of the Prime Minister to ask the Monarch to call for an election before the term has elapsed. On a vote of no confidence, the Folketing may force a single minister or an entire government to resign.[90]
The Government of Denmark operates as a cabinet government, where executive authority is exercised—formally, on behalf of the Monarch—by Prime Minister and other cabinet ministers, who head ministries. As the executive branch, the Cabinet is responsible for proposing bills and a budget, executing the laws, and guiding the foreign and internal policies of Denmark. The position of prime minister belongs to the person most likely to command the confidence of a majority in the Folketing; this is usually the current leader of the largest political party or, more effectively, through a coalition of parties. A single party generally does not have sufficient political power in terms of the number of seats to form a cabinet on its own; Denmark has often been ruled by coalition governments, themselves sometimes minority governments dependent on non-government parties.[91]
Following a general election defeat, in June 2015 Helle Thorning-Schmidt, leader of the Social Democrats (Socialdemokraterne), resigned as Prime Minister. She was succeeded by Lars Løkke Rasmussen, the leader of the Liberal Party (Venstre). Rasmussen became the leader of a cabinet that, unusually, consisted entirely of ministers from his own party. In the next cabinet, created November 2016, there are several political parties represented.
Law and judicial system[edit]
Main articles: Law of Denmark and Courts of Denmark
See also: Crime in Denmark
Denmark has a civil law system with some references to Germanic law. Denmark resembles Norway and Sweden in never having developed a case-law like that of England and the United States nor comprehensive codes like those of France and Germany. Much of its law is customary.[92]
The judicial system of Denmark is divided between courts with regular civil and criminal jurisdiction and administrative courts with jurisdiction over litigation between individuals and the public administration. Articles sixty-two and sixty-four of the Constitution ensure judicial independence from government and Parliament by providing that judges shall only be guided by the law, including acts, statutes and practice.[93] The Kingdom of Denmark does not have a single unified judicial system – Denmark has one system, Greenland another, and the Faroe Islands a third.[94] However, decisions by the highest courts in Greenland and the Faroe Islands may be appealed to the Danish High Courts. The Danish Supreme Court is the highest civil and criminal court responsible for the administration of justice in the Kingdom.
Foreign relations[edit]
Main article: Foreign relations of Denmark
Denmark wields considerable influence in Northern Europe and is a middle power in international affairs.[95] In recent years, Greenland and the Faroe Islands have been guaranteed a say in foreign policy issues such as fishing, whaling, and geopolitical concerns. The foreign policy of Denmark is substantially influenced by its membership of the European Union (EU); Denmark joined the European Economic Community (EEC), the EU's predecessor, in 1973.[N 14] Denmark held the Presidency of the Council of the European Union on seven occasions, most recently from January to June 2012.[96] Following World War II, Denmark ended its two-hundred-year-long policy of neutrality. It has been a founding member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) since 1949, and membership remains highly popular.[97]
As a member of Development Assistance Committee (DAC), Denmark has for a long time been among the countries of the world contributing the largest percentage of gross national income to development aid. In 2015, Denmark contributed 0.85% of its gross national income (GNI) to foreign aid and was one of only six countries meeting the longstanding UN target of 0.7% of GNI.[N 15][98] The country participates in both bilateral and multilateral aid, with the aid usually administered by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The organisational name of Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA) is often used, in particular when operating bilateral aid.
Military[edit]
See also: Danish Defence and Military history of Denmark
Danish MP-soldiers conducting advanced law enforcement training
Denmark's armed forces are known as the Danish Defence (Danish: Forsvaret). The Minister of Defence is commander-in-chief of the Danish Defence, and serves as chief diplomatic official abroad. During peacetime, the Ministry of Defence employs around 33,000 in total. The main military branches employ almost 27,000: 15,460 in the Royal Danish Army, 5,300 in the Royal Danish Navy and 6,050 in the Royal Danish Air Force (all including conscripts).[citation needed] The Danish Emergency Management Agency employs 2,000 (including conscripts), and about 4,000 are in non-branch-specific services like the Danish Defence Command and the Danish Defence Intelligence Service. Furthermore, around 55,000 serve as volunteers in the Danish Home Guard.
Denmark is a long-time supporter of international peacekeeping, but since the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia in 1999 and the War in Afghanistan in 2001, Denmark has also found a new role as a warring nation, participating actively in several wars and invasions. This relatively new situation has stirred some internal critique, but the Danish population has generally been very supportive, in particular of the War in Afghanistan.[99][100] The Danish Defence has around 1,400[101] staff in international missions, not including standing contributions to NATO SNMCMG1. Danish forces were heavily engaged in the former Yugoslavia in the UN Protection Force (UNPROFOR), with IFOR,[102] and now SFOR.[103] Between 2003 and 2007, there were approximately 450 Danish soldiers in Iraq.[104] Denmark also strongly supported American operations in Afghanistan and has contributed both monetarily and materially to the ISAF.[105] These initiatives are often described by the authorities as part of a new "active foreign policy" of Denmark.
Economy[edit]
Further information: Economy of Denmark and List of companies of Denmark
Lego bricks are produced by The Lego Group, headquartered in Billund.
Denmark has a developed mixed economy that is classed as a high-income economy by the World Bank.[106] It ranks 18th in the world in terms of GDP (PPP) per capita and 6th in nominal GDP per capita.[107][108] Denmark's economy stands out as one of the most free in the Index of Economic Freedom and the Economic Freedom of the World.[109][110] It is the 13th most competitive economy in the world, and 8th in Europe, according to the World Economic Forum in its Global Competitiveness Report 2014–2015.[111]
Denmark has the fourth highest ratio of tertiary degree holders in the world.[112] The country ranks highest in the world for workers' rights.[113] GDP per hour worked was the 13th highest in 2009. The country has a market income inequality close to the OECD average,[114][115] but after public cash transfers the income inequality is very low. According to the International Monetary Fund, Denmark has the world's highest minimum wage.[116] As Denmark has no minimum wage legislation, the high wage floor has been attributed to the power of trade unions. For example, as the result of a collective bargaining agreement between the 3F trade union and the employers group Horesta, workers at McDonald's and other fast food chains make the equivalent of US$20 an hour, which is more than double what their counterparts earn in the United States, and have access to five weeks' paid vacation, parental leave and a pension plan.[117] Union density in 2015 was 68%.[118]
Denmark is a leading producer of pork, and the largest exporter of pork products in the EU.[119]
Once a predominantly agricultural country on account of its arable landscape, since 1945 Denmark has greatly expanded its industrial base so that by 2006 industry contributed about 25% of GDP and agriculture less than 2%.[120] Major industries include iron, steel, chemicals, food processing, pharmaceuticals, shipbuilding and construction.[63] The country's main exports are: industrial production/manufactured goods 73.3% (of which machinery and instruments were 21.4%, and fuels (oil, natural gas), chemicals, etc. 26%); agricultural products and others for consumption 18.7% (in 2009 meat and meat products were 5.5% of total export; fish and fish products 2.9%).[63] Denmark is a net exporter of food and energy and has for a number of years had a balance of payments surplus while battling an equivalent of approximately 39% of GNP foreign debt or more than DKK 300 billion.[121]
Denmark is a member of the European Single Market.
A liberalisation of import tariffs in 1797 marked the end of mercantilism and further liberalisation in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century established the Danish liberal tradition in international trade that was only to be broken by the 1930s.[122] Even when other countries, such as Germany and France, raised protection for their agricultural sector because of increased American competition resulting in much lower agricultural prices after 1870, Denmark retained its free trade policies, as the country profited from the cheap imports of cereals (used as feedstuffs for their cattle and pigs) and could increase their exports of butter and meat of which the prices were more stable.[123] Today, Denmark is part of the European Union's internal market, which represents more than 508 million consumers. Several domestic commercial policies are determined by agreements among European Union (EU) members and by EU legislation. Support for free trade is high among the Danish public; in a 2007 poll 76% responded that globalisation is a good thing.[124] 70% of trade flows are inside the European Union. As of 2014[update], Denmark's largest export partners are Germany, Sweden, the United Kingdom and Norway.[63]
Denmark's currency, the krone (DKK), is pegged at approximately 7.46 kroner per euro through the ERM. Although a September 2000 referendum rejected adopting the euro,[125] the country follows the policies set forth in the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union and meets the economic convergence criteria needed to adopt the euro. The majority of the political parties in the Folketing support adopting the euro, but as yet a new referendum has not been held, despite plans;[126] scepticism of the EU among Danish voters has historically been strong.
Denmark is home to many multinational companies, among them: A.P. Møller-Mærsk (international shipping), Arla Foods (dairy), Lego Group (toys), Danfoss (industrial services), Carlsberg Group (beer), Vestas (wind turbines), and the pharmaceutical companies Leo Pharma and Novo Nordisk.[127]
Science and technology[edit]
See also: Internet in Denmark
With an investment of 8.5 million euros over the ten-year construction period, Denmark confirms participation in E-ELT.[128]
Denmark has a long tradition of scientific and technological invention and engagement, and has been involved internationally from the very start of the scientific revolution. In current times, Denmark is participating in many high-profile international science and technology projects, including CERN, ITER, ESA, ISS and E-ELT.
In the 20th century, Danes have also been innovative in several fields of the technology sector. Danish companies have been influential in the shipping industry with the design of the largest and most energy efficient container ships in the world, the Maersk Triple E class, and Danish engineers have contributed to the design of MAN Diesel engines. In the software and electronic field, Denmark contributed to design and manufacturing of Nordic Mobile Telephones, and the now-defunct Danish company DanCall was among the first to develop GSM mobile phones.
Life science is a key sector with extensive research and development activities. Danish engineers are world-leading in providing diabetes care equipment and medication products from Novo Nordisk and, since 2000, the Danish biotech company Novozymes, the world market leader in enzymes for first generation starch based bioethanol, has pioneered development of enzymes for converting waste to cellulosic ethanol.[129] Medicon Valley, spanning the Øresund Region between Zealand and Sweden, is one of Europe's largest life science clusters, containing a large number of life science companies and research institutions located within a very small geographical area.
Danish-born computer scientists and software engineers have taken leading roles in some of the world's programming languages: Anders Hejlsberg (Turbo Pascal, Delphi, C#); Rasmus Lerdorf (PHP); Bjarne Stroustrup (C++); David Heinemeier Hansson (Ruby on Rails); Lars Bak, a pioneer in virtual machines (V8, Java VM, Dart). Physicist Lene Vestergaard Hau is the first person to stop light, leading to advances in quantum computing, nanoscale engineering and linear optics.
Public policy[edit]
See also: Flexicurity and Taxation in Denmark
Danes enjoy a high standard of living and the Danish economy is characterised by extensive government welfare provisions. Like other Nordic countries, Denmark has adopted the Nordic Model, which combines free market capitalism with a comprehensive welfare state and strong worker protection.[130] As a result of its acclaimed "flexicurity" model, Denmark has the most free labour market in Europe, according to the World Bank. Employers can hire and fire whenever they want (flexibility), and between jobs, unemployment compensation is very high (security).[131] Establishing a business can be done in a matter of hours and at very low costs.[132] No restrictions apply regarding overtime work, which allows companies to operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.[131] Denmark has a competitive corporate tax rate of 22% and a special time-limited tax regime for expatriates.[133] The Danish taxation system is broad based, with a 25% value-added tax, in addition to excise taxes, income taxes and other fees. The overall level of taxation (sum of all taxes, as a percentage of GDP) is estimated to be 46% in 2011.[134]
As of 2014[update], 6% of the population was reported to live below the poverty line, when adjusted for taxes and transfers. Denmark has the 2nd lowest relative poverty rate in the OECD, below the 11.3% OECD average.[135] The share of the population reporting that they feel that they cannot afford to buy sufficient food in Denmark is less than half of the OECD average.[135] With an employment rate of 72.8%, Denmark ranks 7th highest among the OECD countries, and above the OECD average of 66.2%.[135] The number of unemployed people is forecast to be 65,000 in 2015.[136] The number of people in the working age group, less disability pensioners etc., will grow by 10,000 to 2,860,000, and jobs by 70,000 to 2,790,000;[136] part-time jobs are included.[137] Because of the present high demand and short supply of skilled labour, for instance for factory and service jobs, including hospital nurses and physicians, the annual average working hours have risen, especially compared with the recession 1987–1993.[138] Increasingly, service workers of all kinds are in demand, i.e. in the postal services and as bus drivers, and academics.[139]
The level of unemployment benefits is dependent on former employment (the maximum benefit is at 90% of the wage) and at times also on membership of an unemployment fund, which is almost always—but need not be—administered by a trade union, and the previous payment of contributions. However, the largest share of the financing is still carried by the central government and is financed by general taxation, and only to a minor degree from earmarked contributions. There is no taxation, however, on proceeds gained from selling one's home (provided there was any home equity (friværdi)), as the marginal tax rate on capital income from housing savings is around 0%.[140]
Energy[edit]
Main article: Energy in Denmark
Middelgrunden, an offshore wind farm near Copenhagen
Denmark has considerably large deposits of oil and natural gas in the North Sea and ranks as number 32 in the world among net exporters of crude oil[141] and was producing 259,980 barrels of crude oil a day in 2009.[142] Denmark is a long-time leader in wind power: In 2015 wind turbines provided 42.1% of the total electricity consumption.[143] in May 2011[update] Denmark derived 3.1% of its gross domestic product from renewable (clean) energy technology and energy efficiency, or around €6.5 billion ($9.4 billion).[144] Denmark is connected by electric transmission lines to other European countries. On 6 September 2012, Denmark launched the biggest wind turbine in the world, and will add four more over the next four years.[needs update]
Denmark's electricity sector has integrated energy sources such as wind power into the national grid. Denmark now aims to focus on intelligent battery systems (V2G) and plug-in vehicles in the transport sector.[145] The country is a member nation of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA).[146]
Transport[edit]
Main article: Transport in Denmark
Great Belt Fixed Link, The East Bridge as seen from Zealand
Copenhagen Airport is the largest airport in Scandinavia and 15th-busiest in Europe.[147]
Significant investment has been made in building road and rail links between regions in Denmark, most notably the Great Belt Fixed Link, which connects Zealand and Funen. It is now possible to drive from Frederikshavn in northern Jutland to Copenhagen on eastern Zealand without leaving the motorway. The main railway operator is DSB for passenger services and DB Schenker Rail for freight trains. The railway tracks are maintained by Banedanmark. The North Sea and the Baltic Sea are intertwined by various, international ferry links. Construction of the Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link, connecting Denmark and Germany with a second link, will start in 2015.[148] Copenhagen has a rapid transit system, the Copenhagen Metro, and an extensive electrified suburban railway network, the S-train. In the four largest cities – Copenhagen, Aarhus, Odense, Aalborg – light rail systems are planned to be in operation around 2020.[149]
Cycling in Denmark is a very common form of transport, particularly for the young and for city dwellers. With a network of bicycle routes extending more than 12,000 km[150] and an estimated 7,000 km[151] of segregated dedicated bicycle paths and lanes, Denmark has a solid bicycle infrastructure.
Private vehicles are increasingly used as a means of transport. Because of the high registration tax (150%), VAT (25%), and one of the world's highest income tax rates, new cars are very expensive. The purpose of the tax is to discourage car ownership. In 2007, an attempt was made by the government to favour environmentally friendly cars by slightly reducing taxes on high mileage vehicles. However, this has had little effect, and in 2008 Denmark experienced an increase in the import of fuel inefficient old cars,[152] as the cost for older cars—including taxes—keeps them within the budget of many Danes. As of 2011[update], the average car age is 9.2 years.[153]
With Norway and Sweden, Denmark is part of the Scandinavian Airlines flag carrier. Copenhagen Airport is Scandinavia's busiest passenger airport, handling over 25 million passengers in 2014.[147] Other notable airports are Billund Airport, Aalborg Airport, and Aarhus Airport.
Demographics[edit]
Main article: Demographics of Denmark
Population by ancestry (Q1 2016)[4]
People of Danish origin (88.67%)
Immigrant (9.47%)
Descendant of an immigrant (2.86%)
The population of Denmark, as defined by Statistics Denmark, was estimated in January 2017[update] to be 5,748,769.[4] The median age is 41.4 years, with 0.97 males per female. The total fertility rate is 1.73 children born per woman; despite the low birth rate, the population is still growing at an average annual rate of 0.22%.[63] The World Happiness Report frequently ranks Denmark's population as the happiest in the world.[154][155][156] This has been attributed to the country's highly regarded education and health care systems,[157] and its low level of income inequality.[158]
Denmark is an historically homogeneous nation. However, as with its Scandinavian neighbours, Denmark has recently transformed from a nation of net emigration, up until World War II, to a nation of net immigration. Today, immigration to Denmark consists particularly of asylum seekers and persons who arrive as family dependants.[159] In addition, Denmark annually receives a number of citizens from Western countries, notably Nordic countries, the EU, and North America, who seek residency to work or study for a definite period of time. Recently, substantial numbers of workers—several tens of thousands—from the new EU accession countries, especially Poland and the Baltic nations, have arrived to perform menial labour in construction, agriculture, consumer industries, and cleaning.[159] Overall, the net migration rate in 2015 was 2.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population, comparable to the United Kingdom and well below other North European countries, except the Baltic states.[63][160][161]
There are no official statistics on ethnic groups, but according to 2016 figures from Statistics Denmark, approximately 86.9% of the population was of Danish descent, defined as having at least one parent who was born in Denmark and has Danish citizenship.[4][N 5] The remaining 13.1% were of a foreign background, defined as immigrants or descendants of recent immigrants. With the same definition, the most common countries of origin were Poland, Turkey, Germany, Iraq, Romania, Syria, Somalia, Iran, Afghanistan, and Balkan states.[4]
Largest cities in Denmark (as of 1 January 2016[update])

Copenhagen

Aarhus
Rank
Core City
Region
Urban Population
Municipal Population
view
talk
edit

Odense

Aalborg
1 Copenhagen Capital Region of Denmark 1,280,371 591,481
2 Aarhus Central Denmark Region 264,716 330,639
3 Odense Region of Southern Denmark 175,245 198,972
4 Aalborg North Denmark Region 112,194 210,316
5 Esbjerg Region of Southern Denmark 72,151 115,748
6 Randers Central Denmark Region 62,342 97,520
7 Kolding Region of Southern Denmark 59,712 91,695
8 Horsens Central Denmark Region 57,517 87,736
9 Vejle Region of Southern Denmark 54,862 111,743
10 Roskilde Region Zealand 50,046 86,207
Source: Statistics Denmark
Languages[edit]
Main article: Languages of Denmark
Danish is the de facto national language of Denmark.[162] Faroese and Greenlandic are the official languages of the Faroe Islands and Greenland respectively.[162] German is a recognised minority language in the area of the former South Jutland County (now part of the Region of Southern Denmark), which was part of the German Empire prior to the Treaty of Versailles.[162] Danish and Faroese belong to the North Germanic (Nordic) branch of the Indo-European languages, along with Icelandic, Norwegian, and Swedish.[163] There is a limited degree of mutual intelligibility between Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish. Danish is more distantly related to German, which is a West Germanic language. Greenlandic or "Kalaallisut" belongs to the Eskimo–Aleut languages; it is closely related to the Inuit languages in Canada, such as Inuktitut, and entirely unrelated to Danish.[163]
A large majority (86%) of Danes speak English as a second language,[164] generally with a high level of proficiency. German is the second-most spoken foreign language, with 47% reporting a conversational level of proficiency.[162] Denmark had 25,900 native speakers of German in 2007 (mostly in the South Jutland area).[162]
Religion[edit]
Main article: Religion in Denmark
Christianity is the dominant religion in Denmark. In January 2017, 75.9%[165] of the population of Denmark were members of the Church of Denmark (Den Danske Folkekirke), the officially established church, which is Protestant in classification and Lutheran in orientation.[166][N 16] This is down 1.0% compared to the year earlier and 1.9% down compared to two years earlier. Despite the high membership figures, only 3% of the population regularly attend Sunday services[167][168] and only 19% of Danes consider religion to be an important part of their life.[169]
Church of Denmark
year
population
members
percentage
1990 5,135,409 4,584,450 89.3%
2000 5,330,500 4,536,422 85.1%
2005 5,413,600 4,498,703 83.3%
2010 5,534,738 4,479,214 80.9%
2015 5,659,715 4,400,754 77.8%
2016 5,707,251 4,387,571 76.9%
2017 5,748,769 4,361,518 75.9%
Statistical data: 1984,[170] 1990–2017,[165] Source: Kirkeministeriet
Roskilde Cathedral has been the burial place of Danish royalty since the 15th century. In 1995 it became a World Heritage Site.
The Constitution states that a member of the Royal Family must be a member of the Church of Denmark, though the rest of the population is free to adhere to other faiths.[171][172][173] In 1682 the state granted limited recognition to three religious groups dissenting from the Established Church: Roman Catholicism, the Reformed Church and Judaism,[173] although conversion to these groups from the Church of Denmark remained illegal initially. Until the 1970s, the state formally recognised "religious societies" by royal decree. Today, religious groups do not need official government recognition, they can be granted the right to perform weddings and other ceremonies without this recognition.[173] Denmark's Muslims make up approximately 3.7% of the population and form the country's second largest religious community and largest minority religion.[167][174] The Danish Foreign Ministry estimates that other religious groups comprise less than 1% of the population individually and approximately 2% when taken all together.[175]
According to a 2010 Eurobarometer Poll,[176] 28% of Danish citizens polled responded that they "believe there is a God", 47% responded that they "believe there is some sort of spirit or life force" and 24% responded that they "do not believe there is any sort of spirit, God or life force". Another poll, carried out in 2009, found that 25% of Danes believe Jesus is the son of God, and 18% believe he is the saviour of the world.[177]
Education[edit]
Main article: Education in Denmark
The oldest surviving Danish lecture plan dated 1537 from the University of Copenhagen
The Royal Danish Library in Copenhagen
All educational programmes in Denmark are regulated by the Ministry of Education and administered by local municipalities. Folkeskole covers the entire period of compulsory education, encompassing primary and lower secondary education.[178] Most children attend folkeskole for 10 years, from the ages of 6 to 16. There are no final examinations, but pupils can choose to go to a test when finishing ninth grade (14–15 years old). The test is obligatory if further education is to be attended. Pupils can alternatively attend an independent school (friskole), or a private school (privatskole), such as Christian schools or Waldorf schools.
Following graduation from compulsory education, there are several continuing educational opportunities; the Gymnasium (STX) attaches importance in teaching a mix of humanities and science, Higher Technical Examination Programme (HTX) focuses on scientific subjects and the Higher Commercial Examination Programme emphasises on subjects in economics. Higher Preparatory Examination (HF) is similar to Gymnasium (STX), but is one year shorter. For specific professions, there is vocational education, training young people for work in specific trades by a combination of teaching and apprenticeship.
The government records upper secondary school completion rates of 95% and tertiary enrollment and completion rates of 60%.[179] All university and college (tertiary) education in Denmark is free of charges; there are no tuition fees to enrol in courses. Students aged 18 or above may apply for state educational support grants, known as Statens Uddannelsesstøtte (SU), which provides fixed financial support, disbursed monthly.[180] Danish universities offer international students a range of opportunities for obtaining an internationally recognised qualification in Denmark. Many programmes may be taught in the English language, the academic lingua franca, in bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, doctorates and student exchange programmes.[181]
Health[edit]
See also: Health care in Denmark
As of 2015[update], Denmark has a life expectancy of 80.6 years at birth (78.6 for men, 82.5 for women), up from 76.9 years in 2000.[182] This ranks it 27th among 193 nations, behind the other Nordic countries. The National Institute of Public Health of the University of Southern Denmark has calculated 19 major risk factors among Danes that contribute to a lowering of the life expectancy; this includes smoking, alcohol, drug abuse and physical inactivity.[183] Although the obesity rate is lower than in North America and most other European countries,[184] the large number of Danes becoming overweight is an increasing problem and results in an annual additional consumption in the health care system of DKK 1,625 million.[183] In a 2012 study, Denmark had the highest cancer rate of all countries listed by the World Cancer Research Fund International; researchers suggest the reasons are better reporting, but also lifestyle factors like heavy alcohol consumption, smoking and physical inactivity.[185][186]
Denmark has a universal health care system, characterised by being publicly financed through taxes and, for most of the services, run directly by the regional authorities. One of the sources of income is a national health care contribution (sundhedsbidrag) (2007–11:8%; '12:7%; '13:6%; '14:5%; '15:4%; '16:3%; '17:2%; '18:1%; '19:0%) but it is being phased out and will be gone from January 2019, with the income taxes in the lower brackets being raised gradually each year instead.[17] Another source comes from the municipalities that had their income taxes raised by 3 percentage points from 1 January 2007, a contribution confiscated from the former county tax to be used from 1 January 2007 for health purposes by the municipalities instead. This means that most health care provision is free at the point of delivery for all residents. Additionally, roughly two in five have complementary private insurance to cover services not fully covered by the state, such as physiotherapy.[187] As of 2012[update], Denmark spends 11.2% of its GDP on health care; this is up from 9.8% in 2007 (US$3,512 per capita).[187] This places Denmark above the OECD average and above the other Nordic countries.[187][188]
Ghettos[edit]
Denmark is the only country to officially use the word 'ghetto' in the 21st century to denote certain residential areas.[189] Since 2010, the Danish Ministry of Transport, Building and Housing publishes the ghettolisten (List of ghettos) which in 2018 consists of 25 areas.[189][190] As a result, the term is widely used in the media and common parlance.[191] The legal designation is applied to areas based on the residents' income levels, employment status, education levels, criminal convictions and 'non-Western' ethnic background.[190][191][192] In 2017, 8.7% of immigrants in Denmark were non-Western immigrants or their descendants. The population proportion of 'ghetto residents' with non-Western background was 66.5%.[193] In 2018, the government has proposed measures to solve the issue of integration and to rid the country of 'parallel societies and ghettos by 2030'.[192][193][194][195] The measures focus on physical redevelopment, control over who is allowed to live in these areas, crime abatement and education.[190] These policies have been criticized for undercutting 'equality before law' and for portraying immigrants, especially Muslim immigrants, in a bad light.[190][196] While some proposals like restricting 'ghetto children' to their homes after 8 p.m. have been rejected for being too radical, most of the 22 proposals have been agreed upon by a parliamentary majority.[189][191]
Culture[edit]
Main article: Culture of Denmark
See also: LGBT rights in Denmark
Denmark shares strong cultural and historic ties with its Scandinavian neighbours Sweden and Norway. It has historically been one of the most socially progressive cultures in the world. In 1969, Denmark was the first country to legalise pornography,[197] and in 2012, Denmark replaced its "registered partnership" laws, which it had been the first country to introduce in 1989,[198][199] with gender-neutral marriage.[200][201] Modesty and social equality are important parts of Danish culture.[202]
Statue of philosopher Søren Kierkegaard
The astronomical discoveries of Tycho Brahe (1546–1601), Ludwig A. Colding's (1815–88) neglected articulation of the principle of conservation of energy, and the contributions to atomic physics of Niels Bohr (1885–1962) indicate the range of Danish scientific achievement. The fairy tales of Hans Christian Andersen (1805–1875), the philosophical essays of Søren Kierkegaard (1813–55), the short stories of Karen Blixen (penname Isak Dinesen), (1885–1962), the plays of Ludvig Holberg (1684–1754), and the dense, aphoristic poetry of Piet Hein (1905–96), have earned international recognition, as have the symphonies of Carl Nielsen (1865–1931). From the mid-1990s, Danish films have attracted international attention, especially those associated with Dogme 95 like those of Lars von Trier.
A major feature of Danish culture is Jul (Danish Christmas). The holiday is celebrated throughout December, starting either at the beginning of Advent or on 1 December with a variety of traditions, culminating with the Christmas Eve meal.
There are five Danish heritage sites inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list in Northern Europe: Christiansfeld, a Moravian Church Settlement, the Jelling Mounds (Runic Stones and Church), Kronborg Castle, Roskilde Cathedral, and The par force hunting landscape in North Zealand.[203]
Media[edit]
Main articles: Cinema of Denmark and Television in Denmark
Danish mass media date back to the 1540s, when handwritten fly sheets reported on the news. In 1666, Anders Bording, the father of Danish journalism, began a state paper. In 1834, the first liberal, factual newspaper appeared, and the 1849 Constitution established lasting freedom of the press in Denmark. Newspapers flourished in the second half of the 19th century, usually tied to one or another political party or trade union. Modernisation, bringing in new features and mechanical techniques, appeared after 1900. The total circulation was 500,000 daily in 1901, more than doubling to 1.2 million in 1925.[204] The German occupation during World War II brought informal censorship; some offending newspaper buildings were simply blown up by the Nazis. During the war, the underground produced 550 newspapers—small, surreptitiously printed sheets that encouraged sabotage and resistance.[204]
Director Lars von Trier, who co-created the Dogme film movement
Danish cinema dates back to 1897 and since the 1980s has maintained a steady stream of product due largely to funding by the state-supported Danish Film Institute. There have been three big internationally important waves of Danish cinema: erotic melodrama of the silent era; the increasingly explicit sex films of the 1960s and 1970s; and lastly, the Dogme 95 movement of the late 1990s, where directors often used hand-held cameras to dynamic effect in a conscious reaction against big-budget studios. Danish films have been noted for their realism, religious and moral themes, sexual frankness and technical innovation. The Danish filmmaker Carl Th. Dreyer (1889–1968) is considered one of the greatest directors of early cinema.[205][206]
Other Danish filmmakers of note include Erik Balling, the creator of the popular Olsen-banden films; Gabriel Axel, an Oscar-winner for Babette's Feast in 1987; and Bille August, the Oscar-, Palme d'Or- and Golden Globe-winner for Pelle the Conqueror in 1988. In the modern era, notable filmmakers in Denmark include Lars von Trier, who co-created the Dogme movement, and multiple award-winners Susanne Bier and Nicolas Winding Refn. Mads Mikkelsen is a world-renowned Danish actor, having starred in films such as King Arthur, Casino Royale, the Danish film The Hunt, and the American TV series Hannibal. Another renowned Danish actor Nikolaj Coster-Waldau is internationally known for playing the role of Jaime Lannister in the HBO series Game of Thrones.
Danish mass media and news programming are dominated by a few large corporations. In printed media JP/Politikens Hus and Berlingske Media, between them, control the largest newspapers Politiken, Berlingske Tidende and Jyllands-Posten and major tabloids B.T. and Ekstra Bladet. In television, publicly owned stations DR and TV 2 have large shares of the viewers.[207] DR in particular is famous for its high quality TV-series often sold to foreign broadcasters and often with leading female characters like internationally known actresses Sidse Babett Knudsen and Sofie Gråbøl. In radio, DR has a near monopoly, currently broadcasting on all four nationally available FM channels, competing only with local stations.[208]
Music[edit]
Main article: Music of Denmark
A sample from Carl Nielsen's Wind Quintet with the theme from Min Jesus, lad mit hjerte få
Copenhagen and its multiple outlying islands have a wide range of folk traditions. The Royal Danish Orchestra is among the world's oldest orchestras.[209] Denmark's most famous classical composer is Carl Nielsen, especially remembered for his six symphonies and his Wind Quintet, while the Royal Danish Ballet specialises in the work of the Danish choreographer August Bournonville. Danes have distinguished themselves as jazz musicians, and the Copenhagen Jazz Festival has acquired an international reputation. The modern pop and rock scene has produced a few names of note internationally, including Aqua, Alphabeat, D-A-D, King Diamond, Kashmir, Lukas Graham, Mew, Michael Learns to Rock, MØ, Oh Land, The Raveonettes and Volbeat, among others. Lars Ulrich, the drummer of the band Metallica, has become the first Danish musician to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Roskilde Festival near Copenhagen is the largest music festival in Northern Europe since 1971 and Denmark has many recurring music festivals of all genres throughout, including Aarhus International Jazz Festival, Skanderborg Festival, The Blue Festival in Aalborg, Esbjerg International Chamber Music Festival and Skagen Festival among many others.[210][211]
Denmark has been a part of the Eurovision Song Contest since 1957. Denmark has won the contest three times, in 1963, 2000 and 2013.
Architecture and design[edit]
Main articles: Architecture of Denmark and Danish design
Grundtvig's Church in Copenhagen. An example of expressionist architecture.
Denmark's architecture became firmly established in the Middle Ages when first Romanesque, then Gothic churches and cathedrals sprang up throughout the country. From the 16th century, Dutch and Flemish designers were brought to Denmark, initially to improve the country's fortifications, but increasingly to build magnificent royal castles and palaces in the Renaissance style. During the 17th century, many impressive buildings were built in the Baroque style, both in the capital and the provinces. Neoclassicism from France was slowly adopted by native Danish architects who increasingly participated in defining architectural style. A productive period of Historicism ultimately merged into the 19th-century National Romantic style.[212]
The 20th century brought along new architectural styles; including expressionism, best exemplified by the designs of architect Peder Vilhelm Jensen-Klint, which relied heavily on Scandinavian brick Gothic traditions; and Nordic Classicism, which enjoyed brief popularity in the early decades of the century. It was in the 1960s that Danish architects such as Arne Jacobsen entered the world scene with their highly successful Functionalist architecture. This, in turn, has evolved into more recent world-class masterpieces including Jørn Utzon's Sydney Opera House and Johan Otto von Spreckelsen's Grande Arche de la Défense in Paris, paving the way for a number of contemporary Danish designers such as Bjarke Ingels to be rewarded for excellence both at home and abroad.[213]
Danish design is a term often used to describe a style of functionalistic design and architecture that was developed in the mid-20th century, originating in Denmark. Danish design is typically applied to industrial design, furniture and household objects, which have won many international awards. The Royal Porcelain Factory is famous for the quality of its ceramics and export products worldwide. Danish design is also a well-known brand, often associated with world-famous, 20th-century designers and architects such as Børge Mogensen, Finn Juhl, Hans Wegner, Arne Jacobsen, Poul Henningsen and Verner Panton.[214] Other designers of note include Kristian Solmer Vedel (1923–2003) in the area of industrial design, Jens Quistgaard (1919–2008) for kitchen furniture and implements and Ole Wanscher (1903–1985) who had a classical approach to furniture design.
Literature and philosophy[edit]
Main articles: Danish literature and Danish philosophy
A portrait of Hans Christian Andersen (1836), by Christian Albrecht Jensen
The first known Danish literature is myths and folklore from the 10th and 11th century. Saxo Grammaticus, normally considered the first Danish writer, worked for bishop Absalon on a chronicle of Danish history (Gesta Danorum). Very little is known of other Danish literature from the Middle Ages. With the Age of Enlightenment came Ludvig Holberg whose comedy plays are still being performed.
In the late 19th century, literature was seen as a way to influence society. Known as the Modern Breakthrough, this movement was championed by Georg Brandes, Henrik Pontoppidan (awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature) and J. P. Jacobsen. Romanticism influenced the renowned writer and poet Hans Christian Andersen, known for his stories and fairy tales, e.g. The Ugly Duckling, The Little Mermaid and The Snow Queen. In recent history Johannes Vilhelm Jensen was also awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. Karen Blixen is famous for her novels and short stories. Other Danish writers of importance are Herman Bang, Gustav Wied, William Heinesen, Martin Andersen Nexø, Piet Hein, Hans Scherfig, Klaus Rifbjerg, Dan Turèll, Tove Ditlevsen, Inger Christensen and Peter Høeg.
Danish philosophy has a long tradition as part of Western philosophy. Perhaps the most influential Danish philosopher was Søren Kierkegaard, the creator of Christian existentialism. Kierkegaard had a few Danish followers, including Harald Høffding, who later in his life moved on to join the movement of positivism. Among Kierkegaard's other followers include Jean-Paul Sartre who was impressed with Kierkegaard's views on the individual, and Rollo May, who helped create humanistic psychology. Another Danish philosopher of note is Grundtvig, whose philosophy gave rise to a new form of non-aggressive nationalism in Denmark, and who is also influential for his theological and historical works.
Painting and photography[edit]
Main articles: Danish art and Photography in Denmark
Woman in front of a Mirror, (1841), by Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg
While Danish art was influenced over the centuries by trends in Germany and the Netherlands, the 15th- and 16th-century church frescos, which can be seen in many of the country's older churches, are of particular interest as they were painted in a style typical of native Danish painters.[215]
The Danish Golden Age, which began in the first half of the 19th century, was inspired by a new feeling of nationalism and romanticism, typified in the later previous century by history painter Nicolai Abildgaard. Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg was not only a productive artist in his own right but taught at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts where his students included notable painters such as Wilhelm Bendz, Christen Købke, Martinus Rørbye, Constantin Hansen, and Wilhelm Marstrand.
In 1871, Holger Drachmann and Karl Madsen visited Skagen in the far north of Jutland where they quickly built up one of Scandinavia's most successful artists' colonies specialising in Naturalism and Realism rather than in the traditional approach favoured by the Academy. Hosted by Michael and his wife Anna, they were soon joined by P.S. Krøyer, Carl Locher and Laurits Tuxen. All participated in painting the natural surroundings and local people.[216] Similar trends developed on Funen with the Fynboerne who included Johannes Larsen, Fritz Syberg and Peter Hansen,[217] and on the island of Bornholm with the Bornholm school of painters including Niels Lergaard, Kræsten Iversen and Oluf Høst.[218]
Painting has continued to be a prominent form of artistic expression in Danish culture, inspired by and also influencing major international trends in this area. These include impressionism and the modernist styles of expressionism, abstract painting and surrealism. While international co-operation and activity has almost always been essential to the Danish artistic community, influential art collectives with a firm Danish base includes De Tretten (1909–1912), Linien (1930s and 1940s), COBRA (1948–51), Fluxus (1960s and 1970s), De Unge Vilde (1980s) and more recently Superflex (founded in 1993). Most Danish painters of modern times have also been very active with other forms of artistic expressions, such as sculpting, ceramics, art installations, activism, film and experimental architecture. Notable Danish painters from modern times representing various art movements include Theodor Philipsen (1840–1920, impressionism and naturalism), Anna Klindt Sørensen (1899–1985, expressionism), Franciska Clausen (1899–1986, Neue Sachlichkeit, cubism, surrealism and others), Henry Heerup (1907–1993, naivism), Robert Jacobsen (1912–1993, abstract painting), Carl Henning Pedersen (1913–2007, abstract painting), Asger Jorn (1914–1973, Situationist, abstract painting), Bjørn Wiinblad (1918–2006, art deco, orientalism), Per Kirkeby (b. 1938, neo-expressionism, abstract painting), Per Arnoldi (b. 1941, pop art), Michael Kvium (b. 1955, neo-surrealism) and Simone Aaberg Kærn (b. 1969, superrealism).
Danish photography has developed from strong participation and interest in the very beginnings of the art of photography in 1839 to the success of a considerable number of Danes in the world of photography today. Pioneers such as Mads Alstrup and Georg Emil Hansen paved the way for a rapidly growing profession during the last half of the 19th century. Today Danish photographers such as Astrid Kruse Jensen and Jacob Aue Sobol are active both at home and abroad, participating in key exhibitions around the world.[219]
Cuisine[edit]
Main article: Danish cuisine
Smørrebrød – a variety of Danish open sandwiches piled high with delicacies
The traditional cuisine of Denmark, like that of the other Nordic countries and of Northern Germany, consists mainly of meat, fish and potatoes. Danish dishes are highly seasonal, stemming from the country's agricultural past, its geography, and its climate of long, cold winters.
The open sandwiches on rye bread, known as smørrebrød, which in their basic form are the usual fare for lunch, can be considered a national speciality when prepared and decorated with a variety of fine ingredients. Hot meals traditionally consist of ground meats, such as frikadeller (meat balls of veal and pork) and hakkebøf (minced beef patties), or of more substantial meat and fish dishes such as flæskesteg (roast pork with crackling) and kogt torsk (poached cod) with mustard sauce and trimmings. Denmark is known for its Carlsberg and Tuborg beers and for its akvavit and bitters.
Since around 1970, chefs and restaurants across Denmark have introduced gourmet cooking, largely influenced by French cuisine. Also inspired by continental practices, Danish chefs have recently developed a new innovative cuisine and a series of gourmet dishes based on high-quality local produce known as New Danish cuisine.[220] As a result of these developments, Denmark now have a considerable number of internationally acclaimed restaurants of which several have been awarded Michelin stars. This includes Geranium and Noma in Copenhagen.
Sports[edit]
Main article: Sport in Denmark
Michael Laudrup, named the best Danish football player of all time by the Danish Football Association
Sports are popular in Denmark, and its citizens participate in and watch a wide variety. The national sport is football, with over 320,000 players in more than 1600 clubs.[221] Denmark qualified six times consecutively for the European Championships between 1984 and 2004, and were crowned European champions in 1992; other significant achievements include winning the Confederations Cup in 1995 and reaching the quarter-final of the 1998 World Cup. Notable Danish footballers include Allan Simonsen, named the best player in Europe in 1977, Peter Schmeichel, named the "World's Best Goalkeeper" in 1992 and 1993, and Michael Laudrup, named the best Danish player of all time by the Danish Football Association.[222]
There is much focus on handball, too. The women's national team celebrated great successes during the 1990s. On the men's side, Denmark has won eight medals—two gold (in 2008 and 2012), three silver (in 2011, 2013 and 2014) and three bronze (in 2002, 2004 and 2006)—the most that have been won by any team in European Handball Championship history.[223]
In recent years, Denmark has made a mark as a strong cycling nation, with Michael Rasmussen reaching King of the Mountains status in the Tour de France in 2005 and 2006. Other popular sports include golf—which is mostly popular among those in the older demographic;[224] tennis—in which Denmark is successful on a professional level; basketball—Denmark joined the international governing body FIBA in 1951;[225] rugby—the Danish Rugby Union dates back to 1950;[226] hockey— often competing in the top division in the Men's World Championships; rowing—Denmark specialise in lightweight rowing and are particularly known for their lightweight coxless four, having won six gold and two silver World Championship medals and three gold and two bronze Olympic medals; and several indoor sports—especially badminton, table tennis and gymnastics, in each of which Denmark holds World Championships and Olympic medals. Denmark's numerous beaches and resorts are popular locations for fishing, canoeing, kayaking, and many other water-themed sports.
See also[edit]
Index of Denmark-related articles
Denmark gives its name to the Danian Age of the Paleocene Epoch of geological time
Outline of Denmark
Denmark portal
Faroe Islands portal
Greenland portal
European Union portal
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Kong Christian has equal status as a national anthem but is generally used only on royal and military occasions.[1]
^ Jump up to: a b c The Kingdom of Denmark's territory in continental Europe is referred to as "Denmark proper" (Danish: egentlig Danmark), "metropolitan Denmark",[46] or simply Denmark. In this article, usage of "Denmark" excludes Greenland and the Faroe Islands.
Jump up ^ Faroese is co-official with Danish in the Faroe Islands. Greenlandic is the sole official language in Greenland. German is recognised as a protected minority language in the South Jutland area of Denmark.
Jump up ^ The Faroe Islands became the first territory to be granted home rule on 24 March 1948. Greenland also gained autonomy on 1 May 1979.
^ Jump up to: a b c This data is for Denmark proper only. For data relevant to Greenland and the Faroe Islands see their respective articles.
Jump up ^ In the Faroe Islands the currency has a separate design and is known as the króna, but is not a separate currency.
Jump up ^ Other time zones used in Greenland and the Faroe Islands include: WET, EGT, WGT and AST.
Marginal DST time zones, offset by one hour, include: GMT, EGST, WGST, ADT
Jump up ^ The TLD .eu is shared with other European Union countries. Greenland (.gl) and the Faroe Islands (.fo) have their own TLDs.
Jump up ^ Danish: Kongeriget Danmark, pronounced [ˈkɔŋəʁiːəð ˈdanmɑɡ] ( listen). See also: The unity of the Realm
Jump up ^ The island of Bornholm is offset to the east of the rest of the country, in the Baltic Sea.
Jump up ^ Denmark has a codified constitution. Changes to it require an absolute majority in two consecutive parliamentary terms and the approval of at least 40% of the electorate through a referendum.[82]
Jump up ^ The Constitution refers to "the King" (Danish: kongen), rather than the gender-neutral term "monarch". In light of the restriction of powers of the monarchy, this is best interpreted as referring to the government Cabinet.
Jump up ^ The Economist Intelligence Unit, while acknowledging that democracy is difficult to measure, listed Denmark 5th on its index of democracy.[12]
Jump up ^ The Faroese declined membership in 1973; Greenland chose to leave the EEC in 1985, following a referendum.
Jump up ^ As measured in official development assistance (ODA). Denmark, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom exceeded the United Nations' ODA target of 0.7% of GNI.
Jump up ^ The Church of Denmark is the established church (or state religion) in Denmark and Greenland; the Church of the Faroe Islands became an independent body in 2007.
References[edit]
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^ Jump up to: a b c Stone et al. 2008, p. 31.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Area by region – StatBank Denmark – data and statistics".
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Population at the first day of the quarter by municipality, sex, age, marital status, ancestry, country of origin and citizenship". Statistics Denmark. Retrieved 13 February 2017. January 2017
^ Jump up to: a b "Keyfigures by Statistics Faroe Islands". Hagstova Føroya. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "2017 Population". Statistics Greenland. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Denmark". International Monetary Fund.
Jump up ^ "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov.
Jump up ^ "2016 Human Development Report" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2016. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Denmark in numbers 2010" (PDF). Statistics Denmark. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
Jump up ^ Melnick, Meredith (22 October 2013). "Denmark Is Considered The Happiest Country. You'll Never Guess Why". The Huffington Post.
^ Jump up to: a b "Democracy Index 2014" (PDF). The Economist/Economist Intelligence Unit. 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
Jump up ^ 2013 Legatum Prosperity Index™: Global prosperity rising while US and UK economies decline. Legatum Institute, 29 October 2013. Archived 6 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Denmark Country Profile: Human Development Indicators". United Nations Development Programme. Archived from the original on 28 March 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
Jump up ^ Dave Serchuk. Happy Country=Social Mobility? Forbes. 12 July 2011
Jump up ^ "1997–2001". The World Bank. 1997. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The Danish Tax System". Aarhus University. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
Jump up ^ Kristian Andersen Nyrup, Middelalderstudier Bog IX. Kong Gorms Saga
Jump up ^ Indvandrerne i Danmarks historie, Bent Østergaard, Syddansk Universitetsforlag 2007, ISBN 978-87-7674-204-1, pp. 19–24
^ Jump up to: a b J. de Vries, Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 1962, 73; N. Å. Nielsen, Dansk etymologisk ordbog, 1989, 85–96.
Jump up ^ Navneforskning, Københavns Universitet "Udvalgte stednavnes betydning". Archived from the original on 16 July 2006. Retrieved 27 January 2008.
Jump up ^ O'Donoghue, Heather (2008). Old Norse-Icelandic Literature: A Short Introduction. John Wiley & Sons. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-470-77683-4.
Jump up ^ The dative form tąnmarku (pronounced [danmarkʊ]) is found on the contemporaneous Skivum stone.
Jump up ^ Michaelsen (2002), p. 19.
^ Jump up to: a b Nielsen, Poul Otto (May 2003). "Denmark: History, Prehistory". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark. Archived from the original on 22 November 2005. Retrieved 1 May 2006.
Jump up ^ Busck and Poulsen (ed.) (2002), p. 20.
Jump up ^ Jordanes (22 April 1997). "The Origin and Deeds of the Goths, chapter III". Charles C. Mierow (trans.). Retrieved 1 May 2006.
Jump up ^ Busck and Poulsen (ed.) (2002), p. 19.
Jump up ^ Michaelsen (2002), pp. 122–23.
^ Jump up to: a b * Lund, Niels (May 2003). "Denmark – History – The Viking Age". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark. Archived from the original on 10 May 2006. Retrieved 24 June 2012.
Jump up ^ Berend, Nora (22 November 2007). "Christianization and the Rise of Christian Monarchy: Scandinavia, Central Europe and Rus' c.900–1200". Cambridge University Press – via Google Books.
Jump up ^ Stone et al. 2008, p. 33.
Jump up ^ Lauring, Palle (1960) A History of the Kingdom of Denmark, Host & Son Co.: Copenhagen, p. 108.
Jump up ^ "Kalmarkriget 1611–1613". Svenskt Militärhistoriskt Bibliotek. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 4 May 2007.
Jump up ^ Olson, James Stuart; Shadle, Robert, eds. (1991). Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism. Greenwood Publishing Group. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Parker, pp. 69–70.
Jump up ^ Parker, p. 70.
Jump up ^ Stone et al. 2008, p. 35.
Jump up ^ "League of Armed Neutrality". Oxford Reference. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
Jump up ^ Jenssen-Tusch, Georg Friedrich (1852). Zur Regierungsgeschichte Friedrich VI. Königs von Dänemark, Herzogs von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg (in German). Verlag Schröder. p. 166.
Jump up ^ Dörr, Oliver (2004). Kompendium völkerrechtlicher Rechtsprechung : eine Auswahl für Studium und Praxis. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. p. 101. ISBN 3-16-148311-1.
Jump up ^ Tellier, Luc-Normand (2009). Urban world history an economic and geographical perspective. Québec: Presses de l'Université du Québec. p. 457. ISBN 9782760522091.
Jump up ^ Rugg, Andy. "Traitor Danes: most soldiers return heroes, but this lot came home total zeroes". Copenhagen Post. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Finland: Now, the Seven and a Half". Time. 7 April 1961. Retrieved 18 July 2009.
Jump up ^ David Arter (2006). Democracy in Scandinavia: Consensual, Majoritarian Or Mixed?. Manchester University Press. p. 52. ISBN 978-0-7190-7047-1.
Jump up ^ Administrative divisions – Denmark The World Factbook. Access date: 14 April 2012
Jump up ^ "Landet i tal – Største øer". National Survey and Cadastre of Denmark. 23 September 2003. Retrieved 14 July 2007. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Statistikbanken.dk/bef4
Jump up ^ "Nature & Environment". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark. Archived from the original on 3 April 2007. Retrieved 3 February 2007.
Jump up ^ Nationalencyklopedin, (1990)
Jump up ^ "Nyt højeste punkt i Danmark" (in Danish). Danish Geodata Agency. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Climate Normals for Denmark". Danish Meteorological Institute. Retrieved 2 January 2015. Figures, labelled in Danish: First plot is the whole country; Nedbør=Precipitation, Nedbørdage=Precipitation days (>1 mm), (Dag/Middel/Nat)temp.=(Daytime/Average/Nighttime) temperature, Solskinstimer=Hours of sunshine.
Jump up ^ "Vejrekstremer i Danmark [Weather extremes in Denmark]" (in Danish). Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI). 6 October 2016. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "The weather cross – the four corners of autumn weather". Danish Meteorological Institute. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "Copenhagen, Denmark – Sunrise, sunset, dawn and dusk times for the whole year". Gaisma. Retrieved 24 June 2012.
Jump up ^ Hogan, C Michael. "Ecoregions of Denmark". Encyclopedia of Earth. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Jensen, Christian Lundmark. "Forests and forestry in Denmark – Thousands of years of interaction between man and nature" (PDF). Danish Ministry of the Environment Nature Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 July 2016. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Forest area (% of land area)". worldbank.org. The World Bank. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Animals in Denmark". listofcountriesoftheworld.com. 2012. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Bird list of Denmark". Netfugl.dk. Retrieved 26 August 2015. It involves all category A, B and C birds recorded in Denmark (according to SU/BOURC/AERC standard).
Jump up ^ Byskov, Søren. "Theme: Herring, cod and other fish – 1001 Stories of Denmark". The Heritage Agency of Denmark. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
Jump up ^ The law of environmental damage: liability and reparation. Marie-Louise Larsson.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Denmark". The World Factbook. CIA. 19 January 2012. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "Ecological Footprint Atlas 2010". Global Footprint Network. 2010. Archived from the original on 9 July 2011. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
Jump up ^ WWF (2014): Living Planet Report.
Jump up ^ AMI (2012); preliminary data for 2011
Jump up ^ Jan Burck; Franziska Marten; Christoph Bals. "The Climate Change Performance Index: Results 2015" (PDF). Germanwatch. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
Jump up ^ Nor does the EPI gauge how well the biodiversity is faring compared to a pristine situation.
Jump up ^ This is 128 out of only 136 countries, as only 136 countries are represented in this area of the EPI report.
Jump up ^ "2016 Report". EPI Report. Yale University. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
Jump up ^ EPI (2016): Denmark Archived 23 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Almost Saving Whales: The Ambiguity of Success at the International Whaling Commission [Full Text] - Ethics & International Affairs". Ethics & International Affairs. 29 March 2012. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Hundreds of whales slaughtered in Faroe Island's annual killing". The Independent. 20 June 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Michael Kjær, Jonas (15 November 2006). "Christiansø betaler ikke sundhedsbidrag". dr.dk (in Danish). Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 12 August 2007.
Jump up ^ Denmark: Regions, Municipalities, Cities & Major Urban Areas – Statistics and Maps on City Population.
^ Jump up to: a b The Danish Regions – in Brief (3rd revised edition. ed.). Copenhagen: Danske Regioner. 2007. ISBN 978-87-7723-471-2.
Jump up ^ "Regional Tasks in Denmark". Danske Regioner. Archived from the original on 10 May 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
Jump up ^ The working autonomies in Europe – Gesellschaft für bedrohte Völker (GFBV). Retrieved 13 March 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c The unity of the Realm Archived 20 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. – Statsministeriet – stm.dk. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "Act on the Faroese authorities acquisition of affairs and fields" [Lov om de færøske myndigheders overtagelse af sager og sagsområder]. retsinformation.dk (in Danish). 24 June 2005. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
Jump up ^ Lov om Grønlands Selvstyre (in Danish). Retsinformation.dk. "I erkendelse af, at det grønlandske folk er et folk i henhold til folkeretten med ret til selvbestemmelse, bygger loven på et ønske om at fremme ligeværdighed og gensidig respekt i partnerskabet mellem Danmark og Grønland.
Jump up ^ Tschentscher, Axel. "The Constitution of Denmark – Section 88". Servat.unibe.ch. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "The executive power is vested in the King." The Constitution of Denmark – Section 3.
Jump up ^ "The body of Ministers shall form the Council of State, in which the Successor to the Throne shall have a seat when he is of age. The Council of State shall be presided over by the King..." The Constitution of Denmark – Section 17.
Jump up ^ The Monarchy today – The Danish Monarchy (kongehuset.dk). Access date: 16 June 2012
Jump up ^ "The King shall not be answerable for his actions; his person shall be sacrosanct." The Constitution of Denmark – Section 13.
Jump up ^ "A Bill passed by the Parliament shall become law if it receives the Royal Assent not later than thirty days after it was finally passed." The Constitution of Denmark – Section 22.
Jump up ^ "ICL – Denmark – Constitution – Section 31. Elections". unibe.ch. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Jørgensen 1995, p. 16.
Jump up ^ "A Minister shall not remain in office after the Parliament has passed a vote of no confidence in him." The Constitution of Denmark – Section 15.
Jump up ^ "Radikale ved historisk skillevej". Berlingske Tidende. 17 June 2007. Retrieved 17 August 2007.
Jump up ^ Orfield, Lester Bernhardt Orfield (2002). The Growth of Scandinavian Law. Union, N.J.: Lawbook Exchange. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-58477-180-7.
Jump up ^ "The administration of justice shall always remain independent of the executive power. Rules to this effect shall be laid down by Statute ..." The Constitution of Denmark – Sections/Articles 62 and 64.
Jump up ^ Gammelgaard & Sørensen 1998, p. 18.
Jump up ^ Behringer, Ronald M. (September 2005). "Middle Power Leadership on the Human Security Agenda". Nordic International Studies Association / SAGE Publications. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Danish Presidency of the European Union 2012". European Union. Archived from the original on 3 January 2012. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Government of the United States. "US Department of State: Denmark". Retrieved 25 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "2015 Preliminary ODA Figures" (PDF). Paris: OECD. 13 April 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Gunnar Olesen (7 September 2011). "Denmark as a warring nation: A bracket that should be closed" (in Danish). The council for international conflict resolution (RIKO). Archived from the original on 15 February 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Lasse Lavrsen (19 June 2010). "Danmark er en krisnation" (in Danish). Information. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Forsvarsministerens Verdenskort". Ministry of Defense of Denmark. 27 December 2007. Archived from the original on 27 December 2007. Retrieved 20 August 2009.
Jump up ^ Clark,, A.L. (1996). Bosnia: What Every American Should Know. New York: Berkley Books.
Jump up ^ Phillips, R. Cody. Bosnia-Hertsegovinia: The U.S. Army's Role in Peace Enforcement Operations 1995–2004. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. CMH Pub 70-97-1. Archived from the original on 9 December 2013.
Jump up ^ "Denmark follows UK Iraq pullout". Al Jazeera English. 21 February 2007. Retrieved 20 August 2009.
Jump up ^ "Danmarks Radio – Danmark mister flest soldater i Afghanistan". Dr.dk. 15 February 2009. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
Jump up ^ Country and Lending Groups. World Bank. Accessed on 14 March 2016.
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Jump up ^ "Country Ratings", 2012 Index of Economic Freedom. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
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Jump up ^ UNESCO 2009 Global Education Digest, Shared fourth with Finland at a 30.3% ratio. Graph on p28, table on p194.
Jump up ^ Kevin Short (28 May 2014). The Worst Places On The Planet To Be A Worker. The Huffington Post. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Isabelle Joumard, Mauro Pisu, Debbie Bloch (2012). "Tackling income inequality. The role of taxes and transfers" (PDF). OECD. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
Jump up ^ Ioana Neamtu and Niels Westergaard-Nielsen (March 2013). "Sources and impact of rising inequality in Denmark" (PDF). CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
Jump up ^ "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2010 Edition". IMF. 6 October 2010. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Liz Alderman and Steven Greenhouse (27 October 2014). Living Wages, Rarity for U.S. Fast-Food Workers, Served Up in Denmark. The New York Times. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
Jump up ^ On Sweden and Denmark, see Anders Kjellberg and Christian Lyhne Ibsen "Attacks on union organizing: Reversible and irreversible changes to the Ghent-systems in Sweden and Denmark" in Trine Pernille Larsen and Anna Ilsøe (eds.)(2016) Den Danske Model set udefra (The Danish Model Inside Out) – komparative perspektiver på dansk arbejdsmarkedsregulering, Copenhagen: Jurist- og Økonomforbundets Forlag (pp.292)
Jump up ^ An Overview of Danish Pork Industry: Integration and Structure by Karen Hamann – The Institute for Food Studies & Agroindustrial Development. Access date: 23 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Denmark:Economy". Pearson Education. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Statens Gæld og Låntagning" (PDF). Statistics Denmark. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Mathias, Peter and Polard, Sidney (eds.) (1989) The Cambridge Economic History of Europe. Cambridge University Press. p. 22.
Jump up ^ Baten, Jörg (2016). A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present. Cambridge University Press. p. 23. ISBN 978-1-107-50718-0.
Jump up ^ Why Denmark Loves Globalisation, Time Magazine
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Jump up ^ "Denmark to have second referendum on euro". 22 November 2007. Retrieved 22 November 2007.
Jump up ^ "The largest companies by turnover in Denmark". largestcompanies.com. Nordic Netproducts AB. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
Jump up ^ "Denmark Confirms Participation in E-ELT". ESO Announmentes. Retrieved 17 April 2013.
Jump up ^ "Novozymes, the world's leading provider of enzymes to the biofuels industry". Canadian Biomass Magazine. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "The surprising ingredients of Swedish success – free markets and social cohesion" (PDF). Institute of Economic Affairs. 25 June 2013. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "10 Good Reasons to Invest in Denmark". Investindk.com. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "The world's best business environment". Investindk.com. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Business Environment, Invest in Denmark
Jump up ^ "Skattetrykket". Danish Ministry of Taxation. Archived from the original on 31 May 2012. Retrieved 24 June 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Society at a Glance 2014 Highlights: DENMARK OECD Social Indicators" (PDF). OECD. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Madsen, Bjarne; Svend Lundtorp (2006). Arbejdsmarkedet på Sjælland og øerne i 2015. Akf forlaget. p. 10. ISBN 87-7509-801-6. Retrieved 3 February 2007.
Jump up ^ Statistikbanken.dk, tables AB513+ BESK11+12+13.
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Jump up ^ Bonde, Annette (24 September 2007). "Virksomheder foretrækker tysk arbejdskraft". Business.dk. Retrieved 23 September 2007.
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Jump up ^ "EIA – International Energy Data and Analysis for Denmark". Tonto.eia.doe.gov. 15 May 2009. Archived from the original on 4 March 2010. Retrieved 29 May 2009.
Jump up ^ Denmark Crude Oil Production and Consumption by Year (Thousand Barrels per Day) – indexmundi.
Jump up ^ Wind energy in Denmark breaking world records The Copenhagen Post, Retrieved 17. January 2016.
Jump up ^ Denmark Invests the Most in Clean Energy per GDP Archived 16 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine. – yourolivebranch.org. Retrieved 3 January 2012
Jump up ^ "Plug-in and Electrical Vehicles". EnergyMap.dk. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 10 October 2009.
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^ Jump up to: a b "Group Annual Report 2014" (PDF). cph.dk. Copenhagen Airports A/S. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 June 2015. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Denmark-Germany undersea Fehmarn tunnel gets go-ahead". BBC News. 23 July 2015. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Ring 3 summary report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
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Jump up ^ Helliwell, John; Layard, Richard; Sachs, Jeffrey World Happiness Report. The Earth Institute at Columbia University, p. 8. See also: World Happiness Report 2013, p. 23.; Denmark Is Considered The Happiest Country. You'll Never Guess Why. Huffington Post. 22 October 2013.
Jump up ^ Stokes, Buce (8 June 2011). The Happiest Countries in the World. The Atlantic. Retrieved 20 September 2013
Jump up ^ Taylor, Jerome (1 August 2006). "Denmark is the world's happiest country – official – Europe, World". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 9 March 2009. Retrieved 5 May 2009.
Jump up ^ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income (source: SILC)". Eurostat Data Explorer. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Denmark: Integrating Immigrants into a Homogeneous Welfare State". Migration Policy Institute. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
Jump up ^ For comparisons and developments see: "Denmark – Migration Profiles" (PDF). UNICEF. 2013. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Statistics on migration only includes people changing citizenship and does not always provide a realistic picture of migration pressure. In Denmark, 5% of the population were non-citizens in 2005, which is a relatively high figure. See "Counting Immigrant and Expatriates in OECD Countries: A New Perspective" (PDF). OECD. 21 October 2005: 119–120. Retrieved 5 January 2016. for example.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Lewis, M. Paul, ed. (2009). Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. ISBN 978-1-55671-216-6. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Language". The Nordic Council. Retrieved 7 June 2014.
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^ Jump up to: a b "Folkekirkens medlemstal". www.km.dk.
Jump up ^ Denmark – Constitution – Part I – Section 4 [State Church]: "The Evangelical Lutheran Church shall be the Established Church of Denmark, and, as such, it shall be supported by the State."
^ Jump up to: a b "Denmark – Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor". International Religious Freedom Report 2009. U.S. Department of State. 2009. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
Jump up ^ Manchin, Robert (21 September 2004). "Religion in Europe: Trust Not Filling the Pews". Gallup Poll. Gallup. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
Jump up ^ Crabtree, Steve. "Religiosity Highest in World's Poorest Nations". Gallup. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Church membership 1984 Danmarks statistik (in Danish)
Jump up ^ Denmark – Constitution – Part II – Section 6 .
Jump up ^ Denmark – Constitution – Part VII – Section 70: "No person shall for reasons of his creed or descent be deprived of access to complete enjoyment of his civic and political rights, nor shall he for such reasons evade compliance with any common civic duty."
^ Jump up to: a b c Freedom of religion and religious communities in Denmark – The Ministry of Ecclesiastical Affairs – May 2006
Jump up ^ Denmark country profile- [Euro-Islam.info] and Muslimpopulation.com – Retrieved 8 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Religion in Denmark". Archived from the original on 8 February 2006. Retrieved 8 February 2006. – From the Danish Foreign Ministry. Archive retrieved on 3 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Special Eurobarometer, biotechnology, page 204" (PDF). Fieldwork: Jan–Feb 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 December 2010.
Jump up ^ Poll performed in December 2009 among 1114 Danes between ages 18 and 74, Hver fjerde dansker tror på Jesus Archived 25 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine. (One in four Danes believe in Jesus), Kristeligt Dagblad, 23 December 2009 (in Danish)
Jump up ^ "Overview of the Danish Education System". Danish Ministry for Children, Education and Gender Equality. Archived from the original on 11 January 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
Jump up ^ "Education Policy Outlook: Denmark" (PDF). OECD. p. 4. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
Jump up ^ Rick Noack (4 February 2015). Why Danish students are paid to go to college. The Washington Post. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Study in Denmark, official government website on international higher education in Denmark".
Jump up ^ "Life expectancy". World Health Organization. 6 July 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Brønnum-Hansen, Knud Juel, Jan Sørensen, Henrik (2007). Risk factors and public health in Denmark – Summary report (PDF). København: National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark. ISBN 978-87-7899-123-2. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Obesity – Adult prevalence". CIA Factbook. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Why is Denmark the cancer capital of the world?". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Data for cancer frequency by country". WCRF. 2012. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "International Profiles of Health Care Systems" (PDF). The Commonwealth Fund. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 December 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Country Comparison :: Life Expectancy at Birth". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c Nielson, Emil Gjerding. "In Danish 'ghettos', immigrants feel stigmatized and shut out". U.S. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "In Denmark's Plan To Rid Country Of 'Ghettos,' Some Immigrants Hear 'Go Home'". NPR.org. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
^ Jump up to: a b c "In Denmark, Harsh New Laws for Immigrant 'Ghettos'". Retrieved 2018-07-04.
^ Jump up to: a b "Danes to double penalty for ghetto crime". BBC News. 2018-02-27. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
^ Jump up to: a b Editorial, Reuters. "Denmark to school 'ghetto' kids in democracy and Christmas". U.S. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
Jump up ^ "Here's what we know about Denmark's 'ghetto plan'". 2018-02-28. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
Jump up ^ "What to Know About Denmark's Plan to End Immigrant "Ghettos"". Time. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
Jump up ^ ""No ghettos in 2030": Denmark's controversial plan to get rid of immigrant neighborhoods". Vox. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
Jump up ^ "Denmark – An Overview". 22 September 2007. Archived from the original on 22 January 2008. Retrieved 22 September 2007.
Jump up ^ Sheila Rule: "Rights for Gay Couples in Denmark" – New York Times. Published: 2 October 1989. Retrieved 7 June 2012
Jump up ^ "Same-Sex Marriage FAQ". Marriage.about.com. 17 June 2003. Retrieved 5 May 2009.
Jump up ^ "Rainbow wedding bells: Denmark allows gay marriage in church". RT. 7 June 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2012.
Jump up ^ AFP (7 June 2012). "Denmark passes bill allowing gays to marry in church". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 7 June 2012.
Jump up ^ Denmark – Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette. From Kwintessential Archived 10 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved 4 December 2008.
Jump up ^ "Denmark: Properties inscribed on the World Heritage List (8)". UNESCO. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Kenneth E. Olson, The history makers: The press of Europe from its beginnings through 1965 (LSU Press, 1966) pp 50 – 64, 433
Jump up ^ "Carl Dreyer:Day of Wrath, Ordet, Gertrud". Bright Lights Film Journal. Archived from the original on 17 May 2016. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Robert (16 February 1997). "The Passion of Joan of Arc". Chicago Sun Times. Retrieved 1 July 2013. ...Carl Theodor Dreyer (1889–1968), the Dane who was one of the greatest early directors.
Jump up ^ TNS-Gallup meter Archived 19 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine.; Television station viewer statistics, figures for July 2012 (week 28). Retrieved 20 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Commercial radio". Danish Agency for Culture. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Royal Danish Orchestra". The Royal Danish Theatre. Archived from the original on 7 May 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Festivalguide Gaffa (in Danish)
Jump up ^ Musikfestivaler i Danmark VisitDenmark (in Danish)
Jump up ^ ""Danish Architecture: An Overview"". Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 19 July 2011. , Visit Denmark. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
Jump up ^ ""Architecture"". Archived from the original on 6 February 2010. Retrieved 6 February 2010. , Embassy of Denmark, Hanoi. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Danish by Design", DDC. Retrieved 4 September 2011.
Jump up ^ Wall Paintings in Danish Churches from Panoramas.dk. Retrieved 12 August 2009. Adopting the Biblia pauperum approach, they present many of the most popular stories from the Old and New Testaments.
Jump up ^ Art Encyclopedia: Skagen. Retrieved 9 December 2008.
Jump up ^ "The Funish Art Colony" Archived 18 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine., Johannes Larsen Museet. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Jump up ^ The Bornholm School from the Rough Guide to Denmark. Archived 20 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 10 December 2008.
Jump up ^ Contemporary Danish Photography. From Photography-Now Archived 7 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine. . Retrieved 28 January 2010.
Jump up ^ "new nordic recipes". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark. Retrieved 15 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "DIF specialforbunds medlems" (in Danish). Danmarks Idrætsforbund. 2013. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
Jump up ^ "Michael Laudrup bedste spiller gennem tiderne". DBU. 13 November 2006. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "National Team rankings". European Handball Federation. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Om DIF – Medlemstal". Archived from the original on 16 July 2007. Retrieved 16 July 2007. (in Danish), The National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark
Jump up ^ Profile | Denmark, Fiba.com. Retrieved 24 September 2015.
Jump up ^ Bath, Richard (ed.) The Complete Book of Rugby (Seven Oaks Ltd, 1997 ISBN 1-86200-013-1) p66. Archived from July 2007 and Retrieved June 2012.
Bibliography
Stone, Andrew; Bain, Carolyn; Booth, Michael; Parnell, Fran (2008). Denmark (5th ed.). Footscray, Victoria: Lonely Planet. p. 31. ISBN 978-1-74104-669-4.
(in Danish) Busck, Steen and Poulsen, Henning (ed.), "Danmarks historie – i grundtræk", Aarhus Universitetsforlag, 2002, ISBN 87-7288-941-1
Gammelgaard, Frederik; Sørensen, Niels (1998). Danmark – en demokratisk stat (in Danish). Alinea. ISBN 87-23-00280-8.
Jørgensen, Gitte (1995). Sådan styres Danmark (in Danish). Flachs. ISBN 87-7826-031-0.
(in Danish) Michaelsen, Karsten Kjer, "Politikens bog om Danmarks oldtid", Politikens Forlag (1. bogklubudgave), 2002, ISBN 87-00-69328-6
(in Swedish) Nationalencyklopedin, vol. 4, Bokförlaget Bra Böcker, 2000, ISBN 91-7024-619-X.
External links[edit]
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"Denmark". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
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1 Provisionally referred to by the Council of Europe as "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia"; see Macedonia naming dispute.
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Officially the Republic of China, participates as "Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu", and "Chinese Taipei" in short.
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Coordinates: 56°N 10°E / 56°N 10°E / 56; 10
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
BNF: cb11863400r (data)
GND: 4010877-6
HDS: 3351
LCCN: n79021597
NARA: 10035775
NDL: 00561386
NKC: ge129115
SUDOC: 026374196
VIAF: 312762729
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denmark&oldid=856816016"
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external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/312762729

values: Category:Danish-speaking countries and territories

values: Category:Member states of the Council of Europe

values: Category:Member states of the European Union

values: Category:Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean

values: Category:Member states of the United Nations

values: Category:NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union

values: Category:States and territories established in 1814

values: Category:Articles containing Danish-language text

values: Category:Articles with hAudio microformats

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)

values: Category:All articles with dead external links

values: Category:Articles with dead external links from November 2017

values: Category:Articles with permanently dead external links

values: Category:CS1 Danish-language sources (da)

values: Category:Articles with Danish-language external links

values: Category:Articles with short description

values: Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages

values: Category:Use dmy dates from January 2018

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018

values: Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements

values: Category:Articles containing Greenlandic-language text

values: Category:Articles containing Faroese-language text

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2016

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from May 2011

values: Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from December 2016

values: Category:All Wikipedia articles in need of updating

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2017

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2016

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012

values: Category:Articles with Swedish-language external links

values: Category:Articles with dead external links from December 2017

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with HDS identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with NARA identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Denmark
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values:
/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit
Edit this page [ctrl-alt-e]
e

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark
Denmark – Achinese
ace
ace
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ace
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd
display: none;

values: Дание – Adyghe

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ady
display: none;

values:
https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denemarke
Denemarke – Afrikaans
af
af
interlanguage-link-target

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-als
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-am
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ang
display: none;

values: الدنمارك – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ar
display: none;

values:
https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinamarca
Dinamarca – Aragonese
an
an
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-an
display: none;

values: ܕܐܢܡܐܪܩ – Aramaic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-arc
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-frp
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ast
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gn
display: none;

values: Дания – Avaric

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-av
display: none;

values:
https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danimarka
Danimarka – Azerbaijani
az
az
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-azb
display: none;

values: ডেনমার্ক – Bangla

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ba
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be
display: none;

values: Данія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old
display: none;

values: डेनमार्क – Bhojpuri

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bh
display: none;

values:
https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark
Denmark – Central Bikol
bcl
bcl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl
display: none;

values:
https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark
Denmark – Bislama
bi
bi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bar
display: none;

values: དན་མྲག – Tibetan

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bo
display: none;

values:
https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danska
Danska – Bosnian
bs
bs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bs
display: none;

values:
https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danmark
Danmark – Breton
br
br
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-br
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr
display: none;

values:
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinamarca
Dinamarca – Catalan
ca
ca
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denamarka
Denamarka – Chamorro
ch
ch
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ch
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam
display: none;

values:
https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark
Denmark – Shona
sn
sn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sn
display: none;

values:
https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark
Denmark – Tumbuka
tum
tum
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tum
display: none;

values:
https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danimarca
Danimarca – Corsican
co
co
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-co
display: none;

values:
https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmarc
Denmarc – Welsh
cy
cy
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cy
display: none;

values:
https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danmark
Danmark – Danish
da
da
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-se
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-de
display: none;

values: ޑެންމާކު – Divehi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-dv
display: none;

values: Chʼah Bideeʼí Dineʼé Bikéyah Yázhí – Navajo

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb
display: none;

values: ཌེན་མཱཀ་ – Dzongkha

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-dz
display: none;

values:
https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taani
Taani – Estonian
et
et
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values: Δανία – Greek

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eml
display: none;

values: Дания Мастор – Erzya

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-myv
display: none;

values:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinamarca
Dinamarca – Spanish
es
es
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-es
display: none;

values:
https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danio
Danio – Esperanto
eo
eo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ext
display: none;

values:
https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danimarka
Danimarka – Basque
eu
eu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values:
https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark
Denmark – Ewe
ee
ee
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ee
display: none;

values: دانمارک – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark
Denmark – Fiji Hindi
hif
hif
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hif
display: none;

values:
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danemark
Danemark – French
fr
fr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fr
display: none;

values:
https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denemark
Denemark – Western Frisian
fy
fy
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fy
display: none;

values:
https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danemark
Danemark – Fulah
ff
ff
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ff
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fur
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gv
display: none;

values:
https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniya
Daniya – Gagauz
gag
gag
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gag
display: none;

values:
https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinamarca
Dinamarca – Galician
gl
gl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gan
display: none;

values:
https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndenimaki
Ndenimaki – Kikuyu
ki
ki
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ki
display: none;

values: 𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌺𐌰 – Gothic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-got
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gom
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hak
display: none;

values: Данскгин Нутуг – Kalmyk

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-xal
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values:
https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark
Denmark – Hausa
ha
ha
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ha
display: none;

values:
https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenemaka
Kenemaka – Hawaiian
haw
haw
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-haw
display: none;

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle

values: डेनमार्क – Hindi

values:
https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danska
Danska – Upper Sorbian
hsb
hsb
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb
display: none;

values:
https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dania
Dania – Ido
io
io
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-io
display: none;

values:
https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark
Denmark – Igbo
ig
ig
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ig
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy
display: none;

values:
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark
Denmark – Indonesian
id
id
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-id
display: none;

values:
https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danmark
Danmark – Interlingua
ia
ia
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ia
display: none;

values:
https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dania
Dania – Interlingue
ie
ie
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ie
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-os
display: none;

values:
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IDenimaki
IDenimaki – Zulu
zu
zu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zu
display: none;

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danimarca
Danimarca – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: דנמרק – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-jv
display: none;

values:
https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danmarki
Danmarki – Kalaallisut
kl
kl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pam
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-krc
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ka
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-csb
display: none;

values: Дания – Kazakh

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kk
display: none;

values:
https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danmark
Danmark – Cornish
kw
kw
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kw
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-rw
display: none;

values:
https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danemark
Danemark – Rundi
rn
rn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-rn
display: none;

values: Дания – Komi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kv
display: none;

values:
https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danemark
Danemark – Kongo
kg
kg
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kg
display: none;

values:
https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danmak
Danmak – Haitian Creole
ht
ht
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ht
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ku
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lad
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lez
display: none;

values:
https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daneja
Daneja – Latgalian
ltg
ltg
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg
display: none;

values:
https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dania
Dania – Latin
la
la
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-la
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lb
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lij
display: none;

values:
https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denemarke
Denemarke – Limburgish
li
li
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-li
display: none;

values:
https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danemark
Danemark – Lingala
ln
ln
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ln
display: none;

values:
https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danii
Danii – Livvi-Karelian
olo
olo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-olo
display: none;

values:
https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/danmark
danmark – Lojban
jbo
jbo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo
display: none;

values:
https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denimaaka
Denimaaka – Ganda
lg
lg
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lg
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mk
display: none;

values:
https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danmarka
Danmarka – Malagasy
mg
mg
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mg
display: none;

values: ഡെന്മാർക്ക് – Malayalam

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ml
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mi
display: none;

values: डेन्मार्क – Marathi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-arz
display: none;

values:
https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark
Denmark – Malay
ms
ms
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ms
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo
display: none;

values: Данмастор – Moksha

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mn
display: none;

values: ဒိန်းမတ်နိုင်ငံ – Burmese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-my
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nah
display: none;

values:
https://na.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denemark
Denemark – Nauru
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-na
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values: डेनमार्क – Newari

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-new
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nap
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ce
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-frr
display: none;

values:
https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark
Denmark – Norfuk / Pitkern
pih
pih
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pih
display: none;

values:
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danmark
Danmark – Norwegian
no
no
interlanguage-link-target

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values:
https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danmark
Danmark – Norwegian Nynorsk
nn
nn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nn
display: none;

values:
https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dannemar
Dannemar – Norman
nrm
nrm
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm
display: none;

values:
https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dania
Dania – Novial
nov
nov
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nov
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr
display: none;

values: डेनमार्क – Pali

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pag
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pap
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-koi
display: none;

values:
https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danemark
Danemark – Picard
pcd
pcd
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pms
display: none;

values:
https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmak
Denmak – Tok Pisin
tpi
tpi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nds
display: none;

values:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dania
Dania – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: Δανία – Pontic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt
display: none;

values:
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinamarca
Dinamarca – Portuguese
pt
pt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pt
display: none;

values:
https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniya
Daniya – Kara-Kalpak
kaa
kaa
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-crh
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh
display: none;

values:
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danemarca
Danemarca – Romanian
ro
ro
interlanguage-link-target

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy
display: none;

values:
https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danemarc
Danemarc – Romansh
rm
rm
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-rm
display: none;

values:
https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dansuyu
Dansuyu – Quechua
qu
qu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-qu
display: none;

values: Даньско – Rusyn

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-rue
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ru
display: none;

values: Дания – Sakha

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sah
display: none;

values:
https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenimaka
Tenimaka – Samoan
sm
sm
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sm
display: none;

values: डेनमार्क – Sanskrit

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sg
display: none;

values:
https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark
Denmark – Scots
sco
sco
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sco
display: none;

values:
https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark
Denmark – Southern Sotho
st
st
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-st
display: none;

values: ඩෙන්මාර්කය – Sinhala

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-si
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ss
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sk
display: none;

values:
https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danska
Danska – Slovenian
sl
sl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cu
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-szl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-srn
display: none;

values: Данска – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danska
Danska – Serbo-Croatian
sh
sh
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values:
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanska
Tanska – Finnish
fi
fi
interlanguage-link-target

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle

values:
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danmark
Danmark – Swedish
sv
sv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values:
https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinamarka
Dinamarka – Tagalog
tl
tl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tl
display: none;

values: டென்மார்க் – Tamil

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ta
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kab
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara
display: none;

values: Дания – Tatar

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tt
display: none;

values: డెన్మార్క్ – Telugu

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-te
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tet
display: none;

values: ประเทศเดนมาร์ก – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values: Дания – Tajik

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tg
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-chr
display: none;

values:
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danimarka
Danimarka – Turkish
tr
tr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tw
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv
display: none;

values: Дания – Udmurt

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-udm
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: ڈنمارک – Urdu

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ur
display: none;

values: دانىيە – Uyghur

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ug
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vec
display: none;

values:
https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danii
Danii – Veps
vep
vep
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vep
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vls
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-war
display: none;

values:
https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danmaark
Danmaark – Wolof
wo
wo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-wo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu
display: none;

values:
https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark
Denmark – Tsonga
ts
ts
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ts
display: none;

values: דענמארק – Yiddish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-yi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-yo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-diq
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zea
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg
display: none;

values: डेनमार्क – Doteli

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-dty
display: none;

values:
https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danmarc
Danmarc – Lingua Franca Nova
lfn
lfn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Denmark rootpage-Denmark skin-vector action-view