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How Can You Mend a Broken Heart
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"How Can You Mend a Broken Heart"
Single by Bee Gees
from the album Trafalgar
B-side
"Country Woman"
Released
28 May 1971
Format
7", 45 rpm
Recorded
28 January 1971
IBC Studios, London
Length
3:57
Label
Polydor
Atco (United States, Canada)
Songwriter(s)
Barry Gibb, Robin Gibb
Producer(s)
Robert Stigwood, Bee Gees
Bee Gees singles chronology
"Lonely Days"
(1970) "How Can You Mend a Broken Heart"
(1971) "Don't Wanna Live Inside Myself"
(1971)
"Lonely Days"
(1970) "How Can You Mend a Broken Heart"
(1971) "Don't Wanna Live Inside Myself"
(1971)
"How Can You Mend a Broken Heart" is a song released by the Bee Gees in 1971. It was written mainly by Barry and Robin Gibb and was the lead and first single on the group's 1971 album Trafalgar. It was their first US No. 1 single and also reached No. 1 in Cashbox magazine for two weeks.[1]
In the US Atco Records issued both mono and stereo versions of the song on each side as a promo single.[2] The B-side was a Maurice Gibb composition "Country Woman".
The song appears in the 2013 film American Hustle and on its soundtrack.
Contents
[hide]
1 Writing and recording
2 Reception
3 Personnel
4 Charts
4.1 Weekly charts
4.2 Year-end charts
5 Cover versions
6 References
6.1 Literature
7 External links
Writing and recording[edit]
"How Can You Mend a Broken Heart"
An excerpt from the first chorus
Problems playing this file? See media help.
Barry and Robin Gibb wrote the song in August 1970 with "Lonely Days" when the Gibb brothers had reconvened following a period of break-up and alienation. "Robin came to my place" says Barry, "and that afternoon we wrote 'How Can You Mend a Broken Heart' and that obviously was a link to us coming back together. We called Maurice, finished the song, went to the studio and once again, with only 'Broken Heart' as a basic structure, we went in to the studio with that and an idea for 'Lonely Days', and those two songs were recorded that night". They originally offered the song to Andy Williams, but ended up recording it themselves, although Williams himself covered the song on his album You've Got a Friend. Barry also explains, "We might imitate a certain group, later on, the group will pick up on the song and say that suits us."[3] Maurice Gibb possibly had a hand in the writing of "How Can You Mend A Broken Heart" although the song is officially credited to Barry and Robin Gibb. The 2009 release Ultimate Bee Gees officially credited Maurice for the first time as co-writer of the song, for both the "Ultimate" CD and DVD, and it was credited to the moniker Barry, Robin and Maurice Gibb.[4]
The song was recorded on 28 January 1971 in London same day as "We Lost the Road", "When Do I", "If I Were the Sky", "Bring Out the Thoughts in Me" and "Ellan Vannin".[4] The group's later song "My World" followed along the same musical ideas on this song.[3] Robin Gibb's remarked on the song, "The whole thing took about an hour to complete. The song reached the number one spot, to our great satisfaction."[5]
Reception[edit]
The song was sung live for the first time in 1971, in a performance that was notable as drummer Geoff Bridgford's first appearance with the band.[6] Although failing to chart on the UK Singles Chart, the song became the Bee Gees' first US number one on the Billboard Hot 100 and also reached number four on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart. Billboard ranked it as the No. 5 song for 1971.[7] In Spain, it was released under the title "Cómo Puedes Arreglar Un Corazón Destrozada".[8]
Following the release of "How Can You Mend a Broken Heart", the song had a Grammy nomination for Best Vocal Performance by a Duo, Group or Chorus among George Harrison's "My Sweet Lord" and others.[3] It was performed as part of a medley in The Midnight Special in 1975, in Japan on the Japanese TV special Love Sounds, and on the Mr. Natural tour in 1974. A live version recorded on 17–18 Nov 1989 at the National Tennis Centre, Melbourne, Australia was used for the benefit album Nobody's Child: Romanian Angel Appeal. In 1997-1999, the song was performed on the One Night Only tour as part of a medley. It was last performed by the Bee Gees in 2001.
Personnel[edit]
Barry Gibb – lead and harmony vocals, acoustic guitar
Robin Gibb – lead and harmony vocals
Maurice Gibb – harmony vocals, bass guitar, piano, acoustic guitar, organ
Geoff Bridgeford – drums
Bill Shepherd – orchestral and strings arrangement
Charts[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1971)
Peak
position
Australia (Go-Set)[9] 2
Australia (Kent Music Report)[10] 3
Belgium (Ultratop 50)[11] 21
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[12] 1
Chile[12] 2
Italy (FIMI)[12] 24
Malaysia[10] 1
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[13] 16
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[12] 6
South Africa (Springbok Radio)[14] 7
US Billboard Adult Contemporary[15] 4
US Billboard Hot 100[15] 1
US Cash Box[16] 1
US Record World[12] 1
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1971)
Position
Australia (Go-Set)[17] 37
Belgium (Ultratop 50)[11] 29
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[13] 23
Cover versions[edit]
1970s
1971: Johnny Mathis recorded a version of this song on his LP You've Got a Friend.[18]
1972: Al Green covered the track on his album Let's Stay Together, which also made the soundtrack to 1997's Good Will Hunting, 1999's The Virgin Suicides, 1999's Notting Hill and 2010's The Book of Eli. Green's version was released as a single in France on Cream Records.[19] In 2008, Green's version was remade into a duet with Joss Stone for the soundtrack to the film adaptation of Sex and the City, with her vocals overdubbed onto the track.[20][21]
1973: Singer-actress Cher covered the song in her 1973 album Half-Breed.[22]
1977: Florence Henderson performed the song during a medley on an episode of The Brady Bunch Variety Hour.[23]
1990s
1991: Teddy Pendergrass recorded a version of this song on his LP Truly Blessed.[24]
2000s
2003: Michael Bublé recorded this song, with Barry Gibb performing backup vocals, on his self-titled album. Bublé's version reached number twenty-two on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart. It was Buble's first single.[25]
2003: American Idol's second winner Ruben Studdard covered the song on his debut album Soulful.
2005: Steve Brookstein recorded it on his number-one album Heart and Soul.[26]
2007: Barry Manilow's version appears on his album The Greatest Songs of the Seventies.[27]
2009: Jazz singer-pianist Diana Krall covered this song on her album Quiet Nights.[28]
2009: Rod Stewart recorded a version for his album Soulbook, though it was left off the final track listing.
2010s
2014: Eef Barzelay recorded a version for a fundraising CD titled More Super Hits Of The Seventies for freeform radio station WFMU.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Cashbox Top Singles - 1971". Cashbox Archives. Archived from the original on 30 October 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Bee Gees - How Can You Mend a Broken Heart". 45cat. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c Hughes, Andrew. The Bee Gees - Tales of the Brothers Gibb. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Brennan, Joseph. "Gibb Songs: 1971". Retrieved 13 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Janovitz, Bill. "Bee Gees - How Can You Mend a Broken Heart". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Bee Gees - How Can You Mend a Broken Heart (Live 1971)". YouTube. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1971
Jump up ^ How Can You Mend a Broken Heart at Discogs
Jump up ^ "Go-Set Australian Charts". poparchives.com. 11 September 1971. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Billboard: Hits of the World". Billboard. 18 September 1971. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Bee Gees - How Can You Mend a Broken Heart". ultratop.be. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Songs Written by the Gibb Family on the International Charts - Part 2" (PDF). brothersgibb.org. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Bee Gees - How Can You Mend a Broken Heart". dutchcharts.com. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Songs from the year 1971". tsort.info. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Bee Gees Top Songs Discography". musicvf.com. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Cash Box Top 100". Cashbox Archives. 21 August 1971. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Go-Set Australian Charts". Pop Archives. 30 October 1971. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Johnny Mathis - You've Got a Friend". Discogs. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Al Green - How Can You Mend a Broken Heart". Discogs. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Al Green on Sex and the City". Demon Music Group. 14 May 2008. Archived from the original on 12 July 2008. Retrieved 7 July 2008.
Jump up ^ "Joss Stone - Al Green - How Can You Mend A BrokenHeart". YouTube. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Cher - Half-Breed". Discogs. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Brady Bunch Variety Hour - Soundtrack". IMDb. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Teddy Pendergrass - Truly Blessed". Discogs. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Michael Buble - Michael Buble". Discogs. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Entertainment | Album success for X Factor winner". BBC News. 2005-05-15. Retrieved 2014-04-12.
Jump up ^ "New Barry Manilow Album, THE GREATEST SONGS OF THE SEVENTIES, Arrives in Stores September 18th on Arista Records" Archived 26 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine., PRNewswire, 10 July 2007.
Jump up ^ "Diana Krall - Quiet Nights". Discogs. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
Literature[edit]
Melinda Bilyeu, Hector Cook, and Andrew Môn Hughes, with Joseph Brennan and Mark Crohan. The Ultimate Biography of the Bee Gees. London: Omnibus, 2001.
Unpublished list of tape reels, Universal/Polygram, viewed in 2000 by Joseph Brennan.
External links[edit]
Allmusic entry
Superseventies.com entry
Gibb Songs
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Preceded by
"You've Got a Friend" by James Taylor U.S. Billboard Hot 100 number-one single
7-28 August 1971 Succeeded by
"Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey" by Paul McCartney and Linda McCartney
Preceded by
"You've Got a Friend" by James Taylor Cash Box Top 100 number-one single
14-28 August 1971 Succeeded by
"Take Me Home, Country Roads" by John Denver
Preceded by
"Don't Pull Your Love" by Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds Canadian RPM number-one single
28 August - 4 September 1971 Succeeded by
"Sweet Hitch-Hiker" by Creedence Clearwater Revival
[show]
v
t
e
Bee Gees
Barry Gibb
Robin Gibb
Maurice Gibb
Colin Petersen
Vince Melouney
Alan Kendall
Dennis Bryon
Blue Weaver
Studio albums
The Bee Gees Sing and Play 14 Barry Gibb Songs
Spicks and Specks
Bee Gees' 1st
Horizontal
Idea
Odessa
Cucumber Castle
2 Years On
Trafalgar
To Whom It May Concern
Life in a Tin Can
Mr. Natural
Main Course
Children of the World
Spirits Having Flown
Living Eyes
E.S.P.
One
High Civilization
Size Isn't Everything
Still Waters
This Is Where I Came In
Extended plays
The Bee Gees
New York Mining Disaster 1941
Soundtracks
Melody
Saturday Night Fever
Live albums
Here at Last... Bee Gees... Live
One Night Only
Compilation albums
Turn Around, Look at Us
Rare, Precious and Beautiful
Rare, Precious and Beautiful, Volume 2
Best of Bee Gees
Inception/Nostalgia
Best of Bee Gees, Volume 2
Bee Gees Gold
Bee Gees Greatest
Tales from the Brothers Gibb
The Very Best of the Bee Gees
Their Greatest Hits: The Record
Number Ones
Love Songs
The Ultimate Bee Gees
Mythology
Timeless: The All-Time Greatest Hits
Videography
Idea
Cucumber Castle
The Bee Gees Special
One for All Tour
One Night Only
The Ultimate Bee Gees
In Our Own Time
Tours
The Bee Gees' concerts in 1967 and 1968
2 Years On Tour
Trafalgar Tour
Mr. Natural Tour
Main Course Tour
Children of the World Tour
Spirits Having Flown Tour
One for All World Tour
High Civilization World Tour
One Night Only World Tour
Articles
Discography
List of songs recorded
List of unreleased material
A Kick in the Head Is Worth Eight in the Pants
The Barry Gibb Talk Show
IBC Studios
Hither Green rail crash
Bands
The Rattlesnakes
Humpy Bong
The Fut
The Bloomfields
Tin Tin
The Groove
Billy Thorpe and the Aztecs
Toe Fat
Amen Corner
One World Project
People
Hugh Gibb
Andy Gibb
Steve Gibb
Spencer Gibb
Robert Stigwood
Arif Mardin
Ossie Byrne
Steve Kipner
Albhy Galuten
Book
Category
[show]
v
t
e
Bee Gees singles discography
1960s
1963
"The Battle of the Blue and the Grey" / "The Three Kisses of Love"
"Timber!" / "Take Hold of That Star"
1964
"Peace of Mind" / "Don't Say Goodbye"
"Claustrophobia" / "Could It Be"
"Turn Around, Look at Me" / "(Theme From) The Travels of Jamie McPheeters"
1965
"Every Day I Have to Cry" / "You Wouldn't Know"
"Wine and Women" / "Follow the Wind"
"I Was A Lover, A Leader of Men" / "And the Children Laughing"
1966
"I Want Home" / "Cherry Red"
"Monday's Rain" / "All of My Life"
"Spicks and Specks" / "I Am the World"
1967
"Born a Man" / "Big Chance"
"New York Mining Disaster 1941" / "I Can't See Nobody"
"To Love Somebody" / "Close Another Door"
"Holiday" / "Every Christian Lion Hearted Man Will Show You"
"Massachusetts" / "Barker of the UFO"
"World" / "Sir Geoffrey Saved the World"
1968
"Words" / "Sinking Ships"
"Jumbo" / "The Singer Sang His Song"
"I've Gotta Get a Message to You" / "Kitty Can"
"I Started a Joke" / "Kilburn Towers"
1969
"First of May" / "Lamplight"
"Tomorrow Tomorrow" / "Sun in My Morning"
"Don't Forget to Remember" / "The Lord"
1970s
1970
"If Only I Had My Mind on Something Else" / "Sweetheart" (US)
"I.O.I.O." / "Sweetheart"
"Lonely Days" / "Man for All Seasons"
1971
"How Can You Mend a Broken Heart" / "Country Woman"
"Don't Wanna Live Inside Myself" / "Walking Back to Waterloo"
1972
"My World" / "On Time"
"Run to Me" / "Road to Alaska"
"Alive" / Paper Mache, Cabbages and Kings"
1973
"Saw a New Morning" / "My Life Has Been a Song"
"Wouldn't I Be Someone" / "Elisa"
1974
"Mr. Natural" / "It Doesn't Matter Much to Me"
"Throw a Penny" / "I Can't Let You Go"
"Charade" / "Heavy Breathing"
1975
"Jive Talkin'" / "Wind of Change"
"Nights on Broadway" / "Edge of the Universe"
1976
"Fanny (Be Tender with My Love)" / "Country Lanes"
"You Should Be Dancing" / "Subway"
"Love So Right" / "You Stepped Into My Life"
1977
"Boogie Child" / "Lovers"
"Edge of the Universe (live)" / "Words (live)"
"How Deep Is Your Love" / "Can't Keep a Good Man Down" (live)
"Stayin' Alive" / "If I Can't Have You"
1978
"Night Fever" / "Down the Road (live)"
"Too Much Heaven" / "Rest Your Love on Me"
1979
"Tragedy" / "Until"
"Love You Inside Out" / "I'm Satisfied"
1980s
1981
"He's a Liar"
"Living Eyes" / "I Still Love You"
1983
"The Woman in You" / "Stayin' Alive"
"Someone Belonging to Someone" / "I Love You Too Much" (instrumental)
1987
"You Win Again" / "Backtafunk"
"E.S.P." / "Overnight"
1989
"Ordinary Lives" / "Wing and a Prayer"
"One" / "Flesh and Blood"
1990s
1990
"Bodyguard" / "Will You Ever Let Me"
1991
"Secret Love" / "Party with No Name"
"When He's Gone" / "True Confessions"
"The Only Love" / "You Win Again" (live)
"Happy Ever After" / "Evolution"
1993
"Paying the Price of Love" / "My Destiny"
"For Whom the Bell Tolls" / "Decadance"
1994
"How to Fall in Love, Part 1" / "Fallen Angel"
"Kiss of Life" / "855-7019"
1997
"Alone" / "Rings Around the Moon"
"I Could Not Love You More" / "Love Never Dies" (EUR)
"Still Waters (Run Deep)" / "Love Never Dies"
2000s
2001
"This Is Where I Came In" / "Just in Case"
Other countries
1968
"And the Sun Will Shine" / "Really and Sincerely" (France)
1970
"Let There Be Love" / "Really and Sincerely" (Netherlands)
1971
"When the Swallows Fly" / "Give Your Best" (Netherlands)
"Morning of my Life" / "To Love Somebody"
1972
"Israel" / "Dearest" (Netherlands)
"Sea of Smiling Faces" / "Please Don't Turn Out the Lights"
1977
"Children of the World" / "Boogie Child" (Australia}
1988
"Crazy for Your Love" / "You Win Again (Remix)"
"Angela" / "You Win Again (Remix)" (Germany, Netherlands)
[show]
v
t
e
Michael Bublé
Discography
Studio albums
BaBalu (2001)
Dream (2002)
Michael Bublé (2003)
It's Time (2005)
Call Me Irresponsible (2007)
Crazy Love (2009)
Christmas (2011)
To Be Loved (2013)
Nobody but Me (2016)
Live albums
Come Fly with Me (2004)
Caught in the Act (2005)
Michael Bublé Meets Madison Square Garden (2009)
Extended plays
First Dance (1995)
Totally Bublé (2003)
Let It Snow (2003)
More (2005)
With Love (2006)
A Taste of Bublé (2008)
Special Delivery (2010)
A Holiday Gift for You (2010)
Singles
"How Can You Mend a Broken Heart"
"Kissing a Fool"
"Sway"
"Spider-Man Theme"
"Feeling Good"
"Home"
"Save the Last Dance for Me"
"Everything"
"Me and Mrs. Jones"
"Lost"
"It Had Better Be Tonight"
"Comin' Home Baby"
"Haven't Met You Yet"
"Hold On"
"Baby (You've Got What It Takes)"
"Cry Me a River"
"Crazy Love"
"Hollywood"
"Georgia on My Mind"
"Don't Get Around Much Anymore"
"All I Want for Christmas Is You"
"It's Beginning to Look a Lot Like Christmas" / "Jingle Bells"
"White Christmas"
"Nobody but Me"
Concert tours
Crazy Love Tour (2010–12)
To Be Loved Tour (2013–14)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=How_Can_You_Mend_a_Broken_Heart&oldid=825856612"
Categories:
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Song recordings produced by Robert Stigwood
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Army of the Potomac
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This article is about the Union army. For the Confederate army of the same name, see Confederate Army of the Potomac.
Army of the Potomac
Commanders of the Army of the Potomac at Culpeper, Virginia, 1863. From the left: Gouverneur K. Warren, William H. French, George G. Meade, Henry J. Hunt, Andrew A. Humphreys, George Sykes
Active
July 26, 1861–June 28, 1865
Country
United States
Branch
United States Army
Type
Field army
Role
Primary Union Army in Eastern Theater
Part of
Union Army
Garrison/HQ
Washington, D.C.
Engagements
American Civil War
Commanders
Notable
commanders
George B. McClellan
Ambrose Burnside
Joseph Hooker
George G. Meade
The Army of the Potomac was the principal Union Army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. It was created in July 1861 shortly after the First Battle of Bull Run and was disbanded in May 1865 following the surrender of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in April.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Famous units
2.1 Corps
3 Commanders
4 Major battles and campaigns
5 Notes
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
History[edit]
The Army of the Potomac was created in 1861 but was then only the size of a corps (relative to the size of Union armies later in the war). Its nucleus was called the Army of Northeastern Virginia, under Brig. Gen. Irvin McDowell, and it was the army that fought (and lost) the war's first major battle, the First Battle of Bull Run. The arrival in Washington, D.C., of Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan dramatically changed the makeup of that army. McClellan's original assignment was to command the Division of the Potomac, which included the Department of Northeast Virginia under McDowell and the Department of Washington under Brig. Gen. Joseph K. Mansfield. On July 26, 1861, the Department of the Shenandoah, commanded by Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks, was merged with McClellan's departments and on that day, McClellan formed the Army of the Potomac, which was composed of all military forces in the former Departments of Northeastern Virginia, Washington, Pennsylvania, and the Shenandoah. The men under Banks's command became an infantry division in the Army of the Potomac.[1] The army started with four corps, but these were divided during the Peninsula Campaign to produce two more. After the Second Battle of Bull Run, the Army of the Potomac absorbed the units that had served under Maj. Gen. John Pope.
It is a popular, but mistaken, belief that John Pope commanded the Army of the Potomac in the summer of 1862 after McClellan's unsuccessful Peninsula Campaign. On the contrary, Pope's army consisted of different units, and was named the Army of Virginia. During the time that the Army of Virginia existed, the Army of the Potomac was headquartered on the Virginia Peninsula, and then outside Washington, D.C., with McClellan still in command, although three corps of the Army of the Potomac were sent to northern Virginia and were under Pope's operational control during the Northern Virginia Campaign.
The Army of the Potomac – Our Outlying Picket in the Woods, 1862
The Army of the Potomac underwent many structural changes during its existence. The army was divided by Ambrose Burnside into three grand divisions of two corps each with a Reserve composed of two more. Hooker abolished the grand divisions. Thereafter the individual corps, seven of which remained in Virginia, reported directly to army headquarters. Hooker also created a Cavalry Corps by combining units that previously had served as smaller formations. In late 1863, two corps were sent West, and— in 1864— the remaining five corps were recombined into three. Burnside's IX Corps, which accompanied the army at the start of Ulysses S. Grant's Overland Campaign, rejoined the army later. For more detail, see the section Corps below.
The Army of the Potomac fought in most of the Eastern Theater campaigns, primarily in (Eastern) Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. After the end of the war, it was disbanded on June 28, 1865, shortly following its participation in the Grand Review of the Armies.
The Army of the Potomac was also the name given to General P. G. T. Beauregard's Confederate army during the early stages of the war (namely, First Bull Run; thus, the losing Union Army ended up adopting the name of the winning Confederate army). However, the name was eventually changed to the Army of Northern Virginia, which became famous under General Robert E. Lee.
In 1869 the Society of the Army of the Potomac was formed as a veterans association. It had its last reunion in 1929.
Famous units[edit]
Saint Patrick's Day celebration in the Army of the Potomac, depicting a steeplechase race among the Irish Brigade, March 17, 1863, by Edwin Forbes
Because of its proximity to the large cities of the North, such as Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, and New York City, the Army of the Potomac received more contemporary media coverage than the other Union field armies. Such coverage produced fame for a number of this army's units. Individual brigades, such as the Irish Brigade, the Philadelphia Brigade, the First New Jersey Brigade, the Vermont Brigade, and the Iron Brigade, all became well known to the general public, both during the Civil War and afterward.
Corps[edit]
Scouts and guides, Army of the Potomac, Mathew Brady
The army originally consisted of fourteen divisions commanded by Edwin Sumner, William B. Franklin, Louis Blenker, Nathaniel Banks, Frederick W. Lander, Silas Casey, Irvin McDowell, Fitz-John Porter, Samuel Heintzelman, Erasmus Keyes, William F. Smith, Charles P. Stone (replaced by John Sedgwick in February 1862), and George McCall. Because this arrangement would be too hard to control in battle, President Lincoln issued an order on March 13, 1862, dividing the army into six corps headed by Sumner, Banks (despite being in the Shenandoah Valley and not part of the main army), McDowell, Heintzelman, and Keyes, the highest-ranking officers. McClellan was not happy with this, as he had intended to wait until the army had been tested in battle before judging which generals were suitable for corps command.
After the Battle of Williamsburg on May 5, McClellan requested and obtained permission to create two additions corps; these became the V Corps, headed by Brig. Gen Fitz-John Porter, and the VI Corps, headed by Brig. Gen William B. Franklin, both personal favorites of his. After the Battle of Kernstown in the Valley on March 23, the administration became paranoid about "Stonewall" Jackson's activities there and the potential danger they posed to Washington D.C., and to McClellan's displeasure, detached Blenker's division from the II Corps and sent it to West Virginia to serve under John C. Fremont's command. McDowell's corps was detached as well and stationed in the Rappahannock area.
In June 1862, George McCall's division from McDowell's corps (the Pennsylvania Reserves Division) was sent down to the Peninsula and temporarily attached to the V Corps. In the Seven Days Battles, the V Corps was heavily engaged. The Pennsylvania Reserves, in particular, suffered heavy losses including its division commander, who was captured by the Confederates, and two of its three brigadiers (John F. Reynolds, also captured, and George Meade, who was wounded). The III Corps fought at Glendale, however, the rest of the army was not heavily engaged in the week-long fight aside from Slocum's division of the VI Corps, which was sent to reinforce the V Corps at Gaines Mill.
The Army of the Potomac remained on the Virginia Peninsula until August, when it was recalled back to Washington D.C. Keyes and one of the two IV Corps divisions were left behind permanently as part of the newly-created Department of the James, while the other division, commanded by Brig. Gen Darius Couch was attached to the VI Corps.
During the Second Battle of Bull Run, the III and V Corps were temporarily attached to Pope's army; the former suffered major losses and was sent back to Washington to rest and refit afterward, so it did not participate in the Maryland Campaign. The V Corps attracted controversy during the battle when Fitz-John Porter failed to execute Pope's orders properly and attack Stonewall Jackson's flank despite his protests that James Longstreet's troops were blocking the way. Pope blamed the loss at Second Bull Run on Porter, who was court-martialed and spent much of his life attempting to get himself exonerated. Sigel's command, now redesignated the XI Corps, also spent the Maryland Campaign in Washington resting and refitting.
In the Maryland Campaign, the Army of the Potomac had six corps. These were the I Corps, commanded by Joe Hooker after Irvin McDowell was removed from command, the II Corps, commanded by Edwin Sumner, the V Corps, headed by Fitz-John Porter, the VI Corps, headed by William Franklin, the IX Corps, headed by Ambrose Burnside and formerly the Department of North Carolina, and the XII Corps, headed by Nathaniel Banks until September 12, and given to Joseph K. Mansfield just two days prior to Antietam, where he was killed in action.
At Antietam, the I and XII Corps were the first Union outfits to fight and both corps suffered enormous casualties (plus the loss of their commanders) so that they were down to near-division strength and their brigades at regimental strength after the battle was over. The II and IX Corps were also heavily engaged but the V and VI Corps largely stayed out of the battle.
When Burnside took over command of the army from McClellan in the fall, he formed the army into four Grand Divisions. The Right Grand Division was commanded by Edwin Sumner and comprised the II and V Corps, the Center Grand Division, commanded by Joe Hooker, comprised the IX and III Corps, and the Left Grand Division, commanded by William Franklin, comprised the VI and I Corps. In addition, the Reserve Grand Division, commanded by Franz Sigel, comprised the XI and XII Corps.
At Fredericksburg, the I Corps was commanded by John F. Reynolds, the II Corps by Darius Couch, the III Corps by George Stoneman, the V Corps by Daniel Butterfield, the VI Corps by William F. Smith, and the IX Corps by Orlando Willcox. The XI Corps was commanded by Franz Sigel and the XII Corps by Henry Slocum, however, neither corps was present at Fredericksburg, the former not arriving until after the battle was over, and the latter was stationed at Harper's Ferry.
Following Fredericksburg, Burnside was removed from command of the army and replaced by Joe Hooker. Hooker immediately abolished the Grand Divisions and also for the first time organized the cavalry into a proper corps led by George Stoneman instead of having them ineffectually scattered among infantry divisions. Burnside and his old IX Corps departed out to a command in the Western Theater. The I, II, and XII Corps retained the same commanders they had had during the Fredericksburg campaign, but the other corps got new commanders once again. Daniel Butterfield was chosen by Hooker as his new chief of staff and command of the V Corps went to George Meade. Daniel Sickles received command of the III Corps and Oliver Howard the XI Corps after Franz Sigel had resigned, refusing to serve under Hooker, his junior in rank. William Franklin also left the army for the same reason. Edwin Sumner, who was in his 60s and exhausted from campaigning, departed as well and died a few months later. William F. Smith resigned from command of the VI Corps, which was taken over by John Sedgwick. The I and V Corps were not significantly engaged during the Chancellorsville campaign.
During the Gettysburg Campaign, the army's existing organization was largely retained, but a number of brigades composed of short-term nine-month regiments departed as their enlistment terms expired. Darius Couch resigned from command of the II Corps after Chancellorsville, the corps going to Winfield Hancock. The Pennsylvania Reserves Division, having spent several months in Washington D.C. resting and refitting from the 1862 campaigns, returned to the army, but was added to the V Corps rather than rejoining the I Corps. George Stoneman had been removed from command of the cavalry corps by Hooker after a poor performance during the Chancellorsville campaign and replaced by Alfred Pleasanton.
George Meade was suddenly appointed the commander of the army on June 28, a mere three days before the battle of Gettysburg. At the battle, the I, II, and III Corps suffered such severe losses that they were almost nonfunctional as fighting units at the end. One corps commander (Reynolds) was killed, another (Sickles) lost a leg and was permanently out of the war, and a third (Hancock) was badly wounded and never completely recovered from his injuries. The VI Corps had not been significantly engaged and was mostly used to plug up holes in the line during the battle.
For the remainder of the war, corps were added and subtracted from the army. IV Corps was broken up after the Peninsula Campaign, with its headquarters and 2nd Division left behind in Yorktown, while its 1st Division moved north, attached to the VI Corps, in the Maryland Campaign. Those parts of the IV Corps that remained on the Peninsula were reassigned to the Department of Virginia and disbanded on October 1, 1863.[2] Those added to the Army of the Potomac were IX Corps, XI Corps (Sigel's I Corps in the former Army of Virginia), XII Corps (Banks's II Corps from the Army of Virginia ), added in 1862; and the Cavalry Corps, created in 1863. Eight of these corps (seven infantry, one cavalry) served in the army during 1863, but due to attrition and transfers, the army was reorganized in March 1864 with only four corps: II, V, VI, and Cavalry. Of the original eight, I and III Corps were disbanded due to heavy casualties and their units combined into other corps. The XI and XII Corps were ordered to the West in late 1863 to support the Chattanooga Campaign, and while there were combined into the XX Corps, never returning to the East.
The IX Corps returned to the army in 1864, after being assigned to the West in 1863 and then served alongside, but not as part of, the Army of the Potomac from March to May 24, 1864. On that latter date, IX Corps was formally added to the Army of the Potomac.[3] Two divisions of the Cavalry Corps have transferred in August 1864 to Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan's Army of the Shenandoah, and the 2nd Division alone remained under Meade's command. On March 26, 1865, that division was also assigned to Sheridan for the closing campaigns of the war.[4]
Commanders[edit]
Brigadier General Irvin McDowell: Commander of the Army and Department of Northeastern Virginia (May 27 – July 25, 1861)
Major General George B. McClellan: Commander of the Military Division of the Potomac, and later, the Army and Department of the Potomac (July 26, 1861 – November 9, 1862)
Major General Ambrose E. Burnside: Commander of the Army of the Potomac (November 9, 1862 – January 26, 1863)
Major General Joseph Hooker: Commander of the Army and Department of the Potomac (January 26 – June 28, 1863)
Major General George G. Meade: Commander of the Army of the Potomac† (June 28, 1863 – June 28, 1865)
†Major General John G. Parke took brief temporary command during Meade's absences on four occasions during this period)
Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, general-in-chief of all Union armies, located his headquarters with the Army of the Potomac and provided operational direction to Meade from May 1864 to April 1865, but Meade retained command of the Army of the Potomac.
Major battles and campaigns[edit]
First Bull Run Campaign or First Manassas: McDowell (as "Army of Northeastern Virginia")
Peninsula Campaign, including the Seven Days Battles: McClellan
Northern Virginia Campaign, including the Second Battle of Bull Run (I, XI, XII Corps participated under the control of the Army of Virginia)
Maryland Campaign, including the Battle of Antietam or Sharpsburg: McClellan
Fredericksburg Campaign: Burnside
Chancellorsville Campaign: Hooker
Gettysburg Campaign: Hooker/Meade (Meade appointed June 28, 1863)
Bristoe Campaign: Meade
Mine Run Campaign: Meade
Overland Campaign: Meade
Richmond-Petersburg Campaign, including the Battle of the Crater: Grant/Meade
Appomattox Campaign, including Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House: Grant/Meade
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Beatie, p. 480.
Jump up ^ Welcher, pp. 361–62.
Jump up ^ Welcher, pp. 428, 431.
Jump up ^ Welcher, pp. 536, 540.
References[edit]
Beatie, Russel H. Army of the Potomac: Birth of Command, November 1860 – September 1861. New York: Da Capo Press, 2002. ISBN 0-306-81141-3.
Beatie, Russel H. Army of the Potomac: McClellan Takes Command, September 1861 – February 1862. New York: Da Capo Press, 2004. ISBN 0-306-81252-5.
Beatie, Russel H. Army of the Potomac: McClellan's First Campaign, March – May 1862. New York: Savas Beatie, 2007. ISBN 978-1-932714-25-8.
Eicher, John H., and Eicher, David J., Civil War High Commands, Stanford University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
Welcher, Frank J. The Union Army, 1861–1865 Organization and Operations. Vol. 1, The Eastern Theater. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989. ISBN 0-253-36453-1.
Further reading[edit]
Chamberlain, Joshua L. The Passing of the Armies: An Account of the Final Campaign of the Army of the Potomac. New York: Bantam Books, 1993. ISBN 0-553-29992-1. First published in 1915 by G.P. Putnam's Sons.
Sears, Stephen W. Lincoln's Lieutenants: The High Command of the Army of the Potomac (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2017), xii, 884 pp.
Taaffe, Stephen R. Commanding the Army of the Potomac. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2006. ISBN 0-7006-1451-6.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Army of the Potomac.
Army Organization during the Civil War
Service of the cavalry in the Army of the Potomac (1882) on the Internet Archive
Army of the Potomac: a history of its campaigns, the Peninsula, Maryland, Fredericksburg: the testimony of its three commanders, Maj.-Gen. G.B. McClellan, Maj.-Gen. A.E. Burnside, and Maj.-Gen. Joseph Hooker, before the Congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War (1863) on the Internet Archive
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interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: ארמיית הפוטומק – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-la
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: Потомакская армия (Север) – Russian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values: 波多马克军团 – Chinese

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Army_of_the_Potomac rootpage-Army_of_the_Potomac skin-vector action-view