text:
Life Is Strange: Before the Storm
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Life Is Strange: Before the Storm
Developer(s)
Deck Nine[a]
Publisher(s)
Square Enix
Director(s)
Webb Pickersgill
Chris Floyd
Producer(s)
David Lawrence Hein
Zoe Brown
Designer(s)
William Beacham
Programmer(s)
Mark Lyons
Danielle Cheah
Artist(s)
Andrew Weatherl
Writer(s)
Zak Garriss
Ross McCall
Composer(s)
Daughter
Engine
Unity
Platform(s)
Microsoft Windows
PlayStation 4
Xbox One
Release
Episode 1
WW: 31 August 2017
Episode 2
WW: 19 October 2017
Episode 3
WW: TBA
Genre(s)
Graphic adventure
Mode(s)
Single-player
Life Is Strange: Before the Storm is an episodic graphic adventure video game developed by Deck Nine and published by Square Enix. The first of three episodes was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One on 31 August 2017. It is the second entry in the Life Is Strange series, set as a prequel to the first game, focusing on sixteen-year-old Chloe Price and her relationship with schoolmate Rachel Amber. Gameplay concerns itself mostly with the use of branching dialogues.
Contents
[hide]
1 Gameplay
2 Plot
3 Development
4 Release
5 Reception
5.1 Awards
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
Gameplay[edit]
Chloe engages in a conversation with Rachel Amber (pictured)
Life Is Strange: Before the Storm is a graphic adventure played from a third-person view. The player assumes control of sixteen-year-old Chloe Price, three years prior to Life Is Strange. Unlike its predecessor, the game does not include time travel. Instead, Before the Storm features the ability "Backtalk", with which the player can call upon Chloe to get out of certain precarious situations; "Backtalk" may also make a situation worse. A dialogue tree is used when a conversation or commentary is prompted. Occasional decisions will temporarily or permanently change outcomes. The environment can be interacted with and altered, including marking walls with graffiti.[2][3]
Plot[edit]
In her hometown of Arcadia Bay, sixteen-year-old Chloe Price sneaks into a house concert at an old mill. Conflict arises with two men inside, whom she evades when schoolmate Rachel Amber causes a distraction. The next day, Chloe and Rachel reunite at Blackwell Academy and decide to ditch class, stowing away on a cargo train and ending up at a lookout point. They people-watch through a viewfinder and see a man and woman kiss in the park, which apparently upsets Rachel. They steal wine from local campers and take a walk to a scrapyard. Chloe confronts Rachel about her change in mood, but is refused an answer. After Rachel leaves, Chloe discovers the wrecked car in which her father was killed. She meets up with Rachel again, who discloses that she witnessed her father cheating on her mother through the viewfinder. Rachel destroys a family photo in a burning trash bin, and in a fit of rage kicks it over, igniting a wildfire.[4]
The next day, Chloe and Rachel are reprimanded by Principal Wells for ditching school; Chloe is either suspended or expelled depending on player actions. Unwilling to return home and face her mother and step-father, Chloe hides out at the scrapyard where she finds an old truck that she decides to repair. She then receives a call from local drug dealer Frank Bowers, who arranges a meeting to discuss setting her debt with him. Chloe agrees to repay him by helping him steal money from her classmate Drew, who owes Frank a large sum. However, Chloe finds out that Drew is being violently extorted by another drug dealer, and she must decide whether to pay off the dealer with the stolen money to protect Drew or keep it. When later a student is unable to participate in school's theater production of "The Tempest" due to road closures from the wildfire, Chloe reluctantly takes on the role opposite Rachel. After the play, they decide to leave Arcadia Bay with the newly repaired truck return to Rachel's house to pack. There, following a confrontation, Rachel's father reveals that the woman they saw him kissing was not a mistress, but in fact Rachel's biological mother.[5]
Development[edit]
Publisher Square Enix chose Deck Nine to develop the prequel to Life Is Strange after the developer's proprietary StoryForge tools had made an impression.[6] Development started in 2016 with the Unity game engine. Rhianna DeVries, who initially did the game's motion capture for Chloe Price, voices the character, while the original voice actress Ashly Burch serves as writing consultant.[2][7][8] Burch did not reprise her role due to the SAG-AFTRA strike.[9] The music was written and performed by the British indie folk band Daughter, and released as an official soundtrack by Glassnote Records on 1 September 2017.[10] Instrumentation was employed to represent different sides of the lead character: piano for isolation, electric guitar for rebelliousness, and layered vocals for friendship.[11] Daughter took the script and concept artwork as inspiration.[12]
Release[edit]
Prior to its official announcement, images had leaked online indicating that a prequel to Life Is Strange was in development.[13] Square Enix revealed Life Is Strange: Before the Storm on 11 June during E3 2017, stating that it would be released over three chapters starting on 31 August for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One.[2] The Deluxe Edition includes the bonus chapter "Farewell"—featuring Max Caulfield of the original game as a playable character—three additional outfits, and Mixtape Mode, allowing players to customise playlists with the game's soundtrack.[3]
Episode
Release date
"Episode 1: Awake"[14] 31 August 2017
"Episode 2: Brave New World"[15] 19 October 2017[16]
"Episode 3: Hell Is Empty"[15] TBA
Reception[edit]
Aggregate review scores
Game
Metacritic
Episode 1: Awake
(PC) 77/100[17]
(PS4) 78/100[18]
(XONE) 80/100[19]
Episode 2: Brave New World
(PC) 78/100[20]
(PS4) 79/100[21]
(XONE) 76/100[22]
Critics appraised Episode 1: Awake the most on its character development of Chloe Price and Rachel Amber.[23][24][25][26] Jeremy Peeples of Hardcore Gamer found Chloe's behaviour "endearing" and noted that her personality was portrayed with multiple layers. Sam Loveridge at GamesRadar wrote that Rachel was the more authentic character on account of her more "grounded" dialogue. Despite disparaging Chloe for being "her same tiresomely combative self" early on, Metro saw her fleshed out by enduring the loss of her father. Game Informer's Kimberley Wallace thought the younger version of Chloe brought a "naivety and vulnerability" worthy of sympathy. Conversely, the relationship between the leads was said to have formed "at unnatural speed". Peeples and Loveridge favoured the "Backtalk" gameplay feature, while Metro and Wallace cared little for it. Otherwise lauded were the story, graphics, voice acting, and soundtrack.[27][28][29][30]
Reviewers found Episode 2: Brave New World to either be better than the first installment or one of the series' greatest.[31][32] Metro praised how choices made a difference with a "profound effect" on character arc, while Ozzie Mejia of Shacknews relished in Chloe's "genuine growth" contrasting her "fiery spirit". Similarly, Game Informer's Joe Juba appreciated the continued comprehension of the character, declaring this "its biggest strength". However, Juba's biggest complaint echoed that of Wallace, in reference to the "forced" manner with which Chloe and Rachel are made friends. Brett Makedonski, writing for Destructoid, thought that the character exposition was done "to great effect". Most noted was The Tempest school play sequence, which Metro stated as their favorite; Mejia called "one of the funniest" in Before the Storm; and Juba observed as the culmination of all past choices. Metro criticized the script for being "uneven" and disapproved of the voice acting. Mejia felt the ending could have been done away with, saying it was "a bit drawn out", though he was impressed with the progression of the Backtalk feature.[31][32][33][34]
Awards[edit]
Following E3 2017, Life Is Strange: Before the Storm received one of GamesRadar's Best of E3 awards[35] and was nominated for Hardcore Gamer's Adventure Game award.[36]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Additional work by Square Enix London Studios[1]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Robertson, John (12 July 2017). "Life is Strange: Before the Storm is Chloe's game". Red Bull Games.
^ Jump up to: a b c Sarkar, Samit (11 June 2017). "Life is Strange prequel Before the Storm debuts this summer (update)". Polygon. Vox Media. Archived from the original on 12 June 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Matulef, Jeffrey (13 June 2017). "Life is Strange prequel's Max-based bonus episode is a Deluxe Edition exclusive". Eurogamer. Gamer Network. Archived from the original on 13 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Deck Nine (31 August 2017). Life Is Strange: Before the Storm. Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, Xbox One. Square Enix. Level/area: Episode 1: Awake.
Jump up ^ Deck Nine (19 October 2017). Life Is Strange: Before the Storm. Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, Xbox One. Square Enix. Level/area: Episode 2: Brave New World.
Jump up ^ Alexander, Jem (July 2017). "Life Will Be Strange". Develop. No. 184. p. 17. Archived from the original on 1 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Phillips, Tom (19 June 2017). "Life is Strange: Before the Storm dev on Ashly Burch's absence, season pass kerfuffle and more". Eurogamer. Gamer Network. Archived from the original on 20 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Hardawar, Devindra (24 August 2017). "'Life is Strange: Before the Storm' is all about being a wiseass teen". Engadget. Archived from the original on 24 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Phillips, Tom (13 June 2017). "Three-part Life is Strange prequel confirmed". Eurogamer. Gamer Network. Archived from the original on 13 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Kress, Bryan (9 August 2017). "Watch London Trio Daughter Create Music for 'Life Is Strange: Before The Storm' Video Game". Billboard. Archived from the original on 9 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Biery, Thomas (24 August 2017). "How Life is Strange: Before the Storm's music brings out Chloe's emotions". Polygon. Archived from the original on 26 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Diver, Mike (29 August 2017). "Scoring with Chloe: Daughter's OST for Life Is Strange: Before the Storm". Kotaku. Archived from the original on 31 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Schreier, Jason (2 June 2017). "Images Of Apparent Life Is Strange Prequel Pop Up". Kotaku. Univision Communications. Archived from the original on 1 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Jones, Gary (14 June 2017). "Life is Strange Before the Storm: Chloe and Rachel's next adventures REVEALED". Daily Express. Northern & Shell. Archived from the original on 14 June 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Deck Nine (31 August 2017). Life Is Strange: Before the Storm. Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, Xbox One. Square Enix. Level/area: Main menu.
Jump up ^ Nunneley, Stephany (12 October 2017). "Life is Strange: Before the Storm – Episode 2 has a release date and a new trailer". VG247. Archived from the original on 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Life is Strange: Before the Storm - Episode 1: Awake PC". Metacritic.
Jump up ^ "Life is Strange: Before the Storm - Episode 1: Awake PlayStation 4". Metacritic.
Jump up ^ "Life is Strange: Before the Storm - Episode 1: Awake Xbox One". Metacritic.
Jump up ^ "Life is Strange: Before the Storm - Episode 2: Brave New World PC". Metacritic.
Jump up ^ "Life is Strange: Before the Storm - Episode 2: Brave New World PlayStation 4". Metacritic.
Jump up ^ "Life is Strange: Before the Storm - Episode 2: Brave New World Xbox One". Metacritic.
Jump up ^ Clark, Justin (1 September 2017). "Life Is Strange: Before The Storm - Episode 1 - Awake Review". GameSpot. Archived from the original on 1 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Hillier, Brenna (1 September 2017). "Life is Strange: Before the Storm Ep 1 review – abandon the SS Pricefield, all aboard whatever we're calling the Chloe Rachel ship". VG247. Archived from the original on 1 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Bell, Alice (1 September 2017). "Life is Strange: Before the Storm review in progress". VideoGamer.com.
Jump up ^ Farokhmanesh, Megan (1 September 2017). "Life is Strange: Before the Storm is fan service at its finest". The Verge. Archived from the original on 1 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Peeples, Jeremy (31 August 2017). "Review: Life is Strange: Before the Storm – Episode 1: Awake". Hardcore Gamer. Archived from the original on 1 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Loveridge, Sam (31 August 2017). "Life is Strange: Before the Storm Episode One review: "It's touching, poignant, and will definitely move you"". GamesRadar. Archived from the original on 1 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Life Is Strange: Before The Storm Episode 1 review – Awake". Metro. 31 August 2017. Archived from the original on 1 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Wallace, Kimberley (31 August 2017). "Life Is Strange: Before The Storm – Awake". Game Informer. Archived from the original on 1 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Life Is Strange: Before The Storm Episode 2 review – Brave New World". Metro. 20 October 2017. Archived from the original on 21 October 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Mejia, Ozzie (20 October 2017). "Life is Strange: Before the Storm - 'Brave New World' Impressions". Shacknews. Archived from the original on 21 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Makedonski, Brett (19 October 2017). "Review: Life is Strange: Before the Storm: Brave New World". Destructoid. Archived from the original on 21 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Juba, Joe (20 October 2017). "Life Is Strange: Before the Storm – Brave New World". Game Informer. Archived from the original on 21 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Staff (19 June 2017). "GamesRadar+ E3 awards - our best, most exciting games of E3 2017". GamesRadar. Future plc. Archived from the original on 21 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Staff (21 June 2017). "Best of E3 2017 – Day Three: Fighter, Adventure, RPG, Shooter, Action". Hardcore Gamer. Archived from the original on 22 June 2017.
External links[edit]
Official website
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Video games
Life Is Strange
Before the Storm
Life Is Strange 2
Related
Dontnod Entertainment
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Ashly Burch
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text:
Christmas gift
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Christmas gifts underneath a Christmas tree.
"Christmas present" redirects here. For other uses, see Christmas Present and Christmas Gift.
A Christmas gift or Christmas present is a gift given in celebration of Christmas. Christmas gifts are often exchanged on December 25.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Economic impact
3 Further reading
4 See also
5 References
History[edit]
Christmas advertising mentioning gifts from c. 1900
Red Cross workers packing Christmas presents for the Fighting Forces during World War II, October 1942
The tradition of gift-giving is an old one, but it became associated with Christmas more recently. It is a relic of a pagan custom, namely, the winter solstice which in Europe occurs in December. This was celebrated in ancient Rome with gift-giving during the Saturnalia holiday, which took place that month.[1] As Christianity became increasingly widespread in the Roman lands, the custom of gift-giving continued.[2] Around the year 336 AD the date of December 25 appears to have become established as the day of Jesus's birth, and the tradition of gift-giving was reinterpreted and tied to the story of three Magi giving gifts to baby Jesus; together with another story, that of Santa Claus based on the historical figure of Saint Nicholas, a fourth-century Greek bishop and gift-giver, it slowly became a part of Christmas celebrations.[1][2]
Some early Christian rulers, however, interpreted this story as indications that it should be their subjects who should give gifts to their superiors, and insisted on tributes and tithes during that period. This changed around the turn of the millennium following the popularity of the Good King Wenceslas story based on the life of another historical person claimed to be a gift-giver, Saint Wenceslaus.[2] Christmas gift-giving to superiors became less common, and around the time of the Protestant Reformation, customs of gift-giving to children became increasingly widespread in Europe.[2] The custom spread to the United States around the 19th century. This also coincided with the desire of some elites to reduce the rowdiness of adult Christmas celebrations, which in some places were tied to begging, as "bands of young men, often rowdy, would "wassail" from home to home and demand handouts from the gentry". Another related aspect was the growing desire by parents to keep children at home, away from the "corrupting" influence of the urban streets.[3][4]
Another relatively recent change concerned the time of Christmas gift-giving. For many centuries, gift-giving took place on December 6 around Saint Nicholas Day or in early January after New Year's Eve.[2] The popularity of this custom grew after the positive reception of the 1823 poem The Night Before Christmas and the 1843 novella A Christmas Carol.[2] By the end of the 19th century, Christmas Eve replaced early December or January dates as the most common date for gift-giving in the Western culture.[2] It is custom for one to open a single gift on the evening of Christmas Eve.[citation needed]
Economic impact[edit]
Christmas decorations, often featuring Christmas gifts, abound in many shopping malls
Main article: Economics of Christmas
The tradition was also embraced by retailers, for whom the weeks and, eventually, the entire month before Christmas became a very profitable period.[2] Around the turn of the 20th century retailers started directing marketing efforts at children in the hopes that they would entice the parents to buy more goods.[3]
In the early 2000s it was estimated that shoppers in the U.S. alone spend over $4 billion each day during the Christmas shopping season, with an average individual spending over $1,000 on gifts.[2]
There are concerns that gift-giving during Christmas is too commercial. Seventy percent of respondents to an online survey of 13,576 people in 14 European countries in 2016 said that too much attention is put on spending during the Christmas period, 42% said they felt forced to spend more at Christmas, and 10% borrowed money to be able to afford the gifts.[5]
Economist Joel Waldfogel noted that because of the mismatch between what the giftee values the gift and the value paid for by the giver, the gifts lose between 10% to one-third of their value; he calls it the "deadweight loss of Christmas".[6] This leads to gifts often being returned, sold, or re-gifted. In the 2016 European online survey, 15% of respondents were unhappy about their gifts and 10% could not remember what they had received. Twenty-five percent of respondents said they had re-gifted their presents to someone else, 14% sold the items, 10% tried to return them to the store, and 5% returned the gift to the giver.[5] Seniors were more likely to send their unwanted presents to charity, while those aged 25 to 34 "simply threw them away".[5] Gifts that are least likely to be appreciated rely on personal tastes, and include items like perfumes and cosmetics, ornaments, and clothing.[5]
Further reading[edit]
William Waits (October 1994). The Modern Christmas in America: A Cultural History of Gift Giving. NYU Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-9284-1.
Joel Waldfogel, The Deadweight Loss of Christmas
See also[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Christmas gifts.
Christmas Wrapping
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Berking, Helmuth (March 30, 1999). Sociology of Giving. SAGE Publications. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-85702-613-2.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Collins, Ace (April 20, 2010). Stories Behind the Great Traditions of Christmas. Zondervan. pp. 96–100. Retrieved April 10, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Ringel, Paul. "Why Do Children Get Presents on Christmas Anyway?". The Atlantic. Retrieved December 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Christmas: How did gift-giving and caroling get started?". Christian Science Monitor. December 21, 2013. ISSN 0882-7729. Retrieved December 4, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d ING.com (December 1, 2016). "The truth about unwanted Christmas gifts". ING.com. Retrieved December 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The economic case against Christmas presents". Vox. Retrieved 2017-12-05.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christmas_gift&oldid=819346591"
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Shambala (song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"Shambala"
Single by Three Dog Night
from the album Cyan
B-side
"Our 'B' Side"
Released
May 11, 1973
Genre
Pop rock
Length
3:25
Label
Dunhill 4352
Songwriter(s)
Daniel Moore
Producer(s)
Richard Podolor
Three Dog Night singles chronology
"Pieces of April"
(1972) "Shambala"
(1973) "Let Me Serenade You"
(1973)
"Pieces of April"
(1972) “Shambala”
(1973) "Let Me Serenade You"
(1973)
"Shambala" is a song written by Daniel Moore and made famous by two near-simultaneous releases in 1973: the better-known but slightly later recording by Three Dog Night, which reached number 3 on the Billboard Hot 100, and a version by B.W. Stevenson. Its title derives from a mythical place-name also spelled "Shamballa" or "Shambhala."
Contents
1 Three Dog Night version
2 B. W. Stevenson version
3 Lyrics
4 Chart performance
4.1 Weekly charts
4.2 Year-end charts
5 Other versions
6 References
7 External links
Three Dog Night version[edit]
The well-known cover of this song by the rock band Three Dog Night appeared in 1973 on the Billboard Hot 100, on the top 40 from the beginning of June through the end of August, reaching #3 in both the pop singles and adult contemporary categories,[1] #1 on the Cashbox Magazine charts,[2] and an isolated week at #1 on WLS.[3] Headed toward the Hot 100's summit in late July, had it not run out of steam, “Shambala” would have completed an uncommon distinction of a Hot 100 chart-topper for each of four consecutive years for the group. The song, the first one that the group had specifically cut as a single, rather than an album cut,[4] later appeared on Cyan, Three Dog Night's ninth album, and subsequently on numerous anthologies and compilation albums.[1][5]
Although the lyrics of “Shambala” draw on a theme from Eastern mysticism, Allmusic notes the "very strong gospel feeling" of the album Cyan is most evident on this song. This comment may be based on both the instrumentation, including the characteristic gospel keyboard organ sounds that accompany the chorus, which features the repeated, unmistakable dog howls for which the group was long famous, and the bluesy vocals of Cory Wells. Allmusic calls this hit single "one of the group's finest later period records."[1]
B. W. Stevenson version[edit]
One week before Three Dog Night's version appeared on the charts, Texan singer-songwriter B. W. Stevenson's minute-shorter version bowed at #96 and later peaked at #66 during its eight-week run.[1][6][7] It also reached #31 on the U.S. Adult Contemporary chart.[8] This lesser-known version is often regarded as country pop or country rock and appears on collections of such. The twang of Stevenson's steel-string acoustic guitar, his Southern accent and an American folk music sound all distinguish it from the better-known version soon to follow.[9] In South Africa, Stevenson's version actually charted higher, peaking at #8, compared to Three Dog Night's #13.
Lyrics[edit]
The song's actual lyrics are about the mythical kingdom of Shambhala, which was said to be hidden somewhere within or beyond the peaks of the Himalayas and was mentioned in various ancient texts, including the Kalachakra Tantra and ancient texts of Tibetan Buddhism.[10]
The lyrics refer to a situation where kindness and cooperation are universal, joy and good fortune abound, and psychological burdens are lifted.
The phrases "in the halls of Shambala" and "on the road to Shambala" tie for number of occurrences in the lyrics. The latter phrase perhaps alludes to the idea of Shambala not as a physical place but as a metaphor for the spiritual path one might follow.[10]
Chart performance[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1973)
Peak
position
Australia KMR[11] 53
Austria 17
Canadian RPM Top Singles 4
Germany 38
New Zealand (Listener)[12] 1
US Billboard Hot 100[13] 3
US Billboard Adult Contemporary 3
US Cash Box[14] 1
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1973)
Rank
Canada[15] 54
US Billboard Hot 100[16] 31
US Cash Box[17] 10
Other versions[edit]
Despite having two successful incarnations in the same year (one of which has remained a classic rock standard), few other artists have covered “Shambala.” Some of those few are these:
Rockapella covered the song twice, once in 1997 for their album Primer and yet again in 2002 for their album Smilin'.
The New Seekers covered the song in the 1970s; however, it only appeared on their 1992 compilation, Greatest Hits [Masters].
South African musician Dr Victor recorded a dance version of "Shambala" that was a worldwide hit in 1994.[18]
The Skeptics also recorded a power pop version of the song on their 1994 CD, Be Satisfied.
Country superstar Toby Keith issued a live recording of “Shambala” as a bonus track on the deluxe version of his 2011 album Clancy's Tavern.
The South African trio Mark Haze (from Idols South Africa season seven), Dozi and Ghapi recorded a version on their album Rocking Buddies in 2013.[19]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Matthew Greenwald. "Cyan - Three Dog Night | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved 2016-10-08.
Jump up ^ "Top 100". Cash Box. 1973-07-21. Archived from the original on 2015-02-19. Retrieved 2013-09-02.
Jump up ^ "WLS 890 Hit Parade". Users.qwest.net. 1973-07-23. Archived from the original on 2011-08-06. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
Jump up ^ Casey Kasem, "American Top 40", 9 June 1973
Jump up ^ "Three Dog Night — Shambala — Listen, watch, download and discover music for free at". Last.fm. Retrieved 2016-10-08.
Jump up ^ "DJM Records- Daniel Moore". Djmrec.com. Retrieved 2016-10-08.
Jump up ^ As Stevenson was a songwriter himself, and had jointly written and composed the top-ten hit "My Maria" with Moore, some sources erroneously list Stevenson as the writer or co-writer of “Shambala.” Incidentally, some sources either recognize musical similarities between these two songs or refute those that do.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (1993). Top Adult Contemporary: 1961–1993. Record Research. p. 229.
Jump up ^ "Country & Country-Rock Collection: Page 1". Napathon.net. 1949-10-05. Retrieved 2016-10-08.
^ Jump up to: a b "Mistaken Foreign Myths about Shambhala — Study Buddhism". Berzinarchives.com. Retrieved 2016-10-08.
Jump up ^ "Australian Chart Book". Austchartbook.com.au. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2016-10-04.
Jump up ^ Flavour of New Zealand, 27 August 1973
Jump up ^ "Three Dog Night Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ http://tropicalglen.com/Archives/70s_files/19730721.html
Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Retrieved 2016-10-04.
Jump up ^ http://www.musicoutfitters.com/topsongs/1973.htm
Jump up ^ http://tropicalglen.com/Archives/70s_files/1973.html
Jump up ^ "biography". Drvictormusic.com. Retrieved 2016-10-08.
Jump up ^ [1][dead link]
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
hide
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t
e
Three Dog Night
Danny Hutton
Michael Allsup
Paul Kingery
Pat Bautz
Eddie Reasoner
David Morgan
Cory Wells
Chuck Negron
Jimmy Greenspoon
Floyd Sneed
Joe Schermie
Skip Konte
Al Ciner
Gary Moon
Richard Campbell
Studio albums
Three Dog Night (1968)
Suitable for Framing (1969)
It Ain't Easy (1970)
Naturally (1970)
Harmony (1971)
Seven Separate Fools (1972)
Cyan (1973)
Hard Labor (1974)
Coming Down Your Way (1975)
American Pastime (1976)
It's a Jungle (1983)
Live albums
Captured Live at the Forum (1969)
Around the World with Three Dog Night (1973)
Compilations
Golden Bisquits (1971)
Joy to the World: Their Greatest Hits (1975)
The Best of 3 Dog Night (1982)
Celebrate: The Three Dog Night Story, 1965–1975 (1993)
20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Three Dog Night (1999)
Singles
"Nobody"
"Try a Little Tenderness"
"One"
"Easy to Be Hard"
"Eli's Coming"
"Celebrate"
"Mama Told Me (Not to Come)"
"Out in the Country"
"One Man Band"
"Joy to the World"
"Liar"
"An Old Fashioned Love Song"
"Never Been to Spain"
"The Family of Man"
"Black & White"
"Pieces of April"
"Shambala"
"Let Me Serenade You"
"The Show Must Go On"
"Sure As I'm Sittin' Here"
"Play Something Sweet (Brickyard Blues)"
"Til the World Ends"
"Everybody Is a Masterpiece"
"It's a Jungle Out There"
Discography
Book
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shambala_(song)&oldid=844900306"
Categories:
1973 songs
1973 singles
Songs written by Daniel Moore (musician)
B. W. Stevenson songs
Three Dog Night songs
The New Seekers songs
Toby Keith songs
Buddhist mythology
Tibetan Buddhist art and culture
Dunhill Records singles
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Laboratory safety
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Many laboratories contain significant risks, and the prevention of laboratory accidents requires great care and constant vigilance. Examples of risk factors include high voltages, high and low pressures and temperatures, corrosive and toxic chemicals, and biohazards including infective organisms and their toxins.
Measures to protect against laboratory accidents include safety training and enforcement of laboratory safety policies, safety review of experimental designs, the use of personal protective equipment, and the use of the buddy system for particularly risky operations.
In many countries, laboratory work is subject by health and safety legislation. In some cases, laboratory activities can also present environmental health risks, for example, the accidental or deliberate discharge of toxic or infective material from the laboratory into the environment.
Contents
[hide]
1 Chemical hazards
2 Biological hazards
2.1 Biological agents and biological toxins
3 Physical hazards and others
3.1 Ergonomic Hazards
3.2 Ionizing Radiation
4 Safety hazards
4.1 Autoclaves and sterilizers
4.2 Centrifuges
4.3 Compressed gases
4.3.1 Store, handle, and use compressed gases
4.4 Cryogens and dry ice
4.5 Personal protective equipments
4.6 Electrical
4.7 Fire
4.8 Glassware
5 See also
6 References
Chemical hazards[edit]
Hazardous chemicals present physical and/or health threats to workers in clinical, industrial, and academic laboratories. Laboratory chemicals include cancer-causing agents (carcinogens), toxins (e.g., those affecting the liver, kidney, and nervous system), irritants, corrosives, sensitizers, as well as agents that act on the blood system or damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes.[1]
Biological hazards[edit]
Biohazard symbol (black and yellow)
Biological agents and biological toxins[edit]
Many laboratory workers encounter daily exposure to biological hazards. These hazards are present in various sources throughout the laboratory such as blood and body fluids, culture specimens, body tissue and cadavers, and laboratory animals, as well as other workers.
These are federally regulated biological agents (e.g., viruses, bacteria, fungi, and prions) and toxins that have the potential to pose a severe threat to public health and safety, to animal or plant health, or to animal or plant products.[2][3]
Anthrax - Anthrax is an acute infectious disease caused by a spore-forming bacterium called Bacillus anthracis.
Avian Flu - Avian influenza is caused by Influenza A viruses.
Botulism - Cases of botulism are usually associated with consumption of preserved foods.
Foodborne Disease - Foodborne illnesses are caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, toxins, metals, and prions (microscopic protein particles). Symptoms range from mild gastroenteritis to life-threatening neurologic, hepatic and renal syndromes.
Hantavirus - Hantaviruses are transmitted to humans from the dried droppings, urine, or saliva of mice and rats.
Legionnaires’ Disease - Legionnaires’ disease is a bacterial disease commonly associated with water-based aerosols.
Molds and Fungi - Molds and fungi produce and release millions of spores small enough to be air, water, or insect-borne which may have negative effects on human health including, allergic reactions, asthma, and other respiratory problems.
Plague - The World Health Organization reports 1,000 to 3,000 cases of plague every year. A bioterrorist release of plague could result in a rapid spread of the pneumonic form of the disease, which could have devastating consequences.
Ricin - Ricin is one of the most toxic and easily produced plant toxins. It has been used in the past as a bioterrorist weapon and remains a serious threat.
Smallpox - Smallpox is a highly contagious disease unique to humans. It is estimated that no more than 20 percent of the population has any immunity from previous vaccination.
Tularemia - Tularemia is also known as "rabbit fever" or "deer fly fever" and is extremely infectious. Relatively few bacteria are required to cause the disease, which is why it is an attractive weapon for use in bioterrorism.
Physical hazards and others[edit]
Besides exposure to chemicals and biological agents, laboratory workers can also be exposed to a number of physical hazards. Some of the common physical hazards that they may encounter include the following: ergonomic, ionizing radiation, non-ionizing radiation and noise hazards.
Ergonomic Hazards[edit]
Laboratory workers are at risk for repetitive motion injuries during routine laboratory procedures such as pipetting, working at microscopes, operating microtomes, using cell counters and keyboarding at computer workstations. Repetitive motion injuries develop over time and occur when muscles and joints are stressed, tendons are inflamed, nerves are pinched and the flow of blood is restricted. Standing and working in awkward positions in front of laboratory hoods/biological safety cabinets can also present ergonomic problems.[4][5]
Ionizing Radiation[edit]
Danger radiation zone warning sign
Ionizing radiation sources are found in a wide range of occupational settings, including laboratories. These radiation sources can pose a considerable health risk to affected workers if not properly controlled. Any laboratory possessing or using radioactive isotopes must be licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and/or by a state agency that has been approved by the NRC, 10 CFR 31.11 and 10 CFR 35.12.[6]
The fundamental objectives of radiation protection measures are:
to limit entry of radionuclides into the human body (via ingestion, inhalation, absorption, or through open wounds) to quantities as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) and always within the established limits;
to limit exposure to external radiation to levels that are within established dose limits and as far below these limits as is reasonably achievable.
Safety hazards[edit]
Autoclaves and sterilizers[edit]
Workers should be trained to recognize the potential for exposure to burns or cuts that can occur from handling or sorting hot sterilized items or sharp instruments when removing them from autoclaves/sterilizers or from steam lines that service the autoclaves.[7]
Centrifuges[edit]
Centrifuges, due to the high speed at which they operate, have great potential for injuring users if not operated properly. Unbalanced centrifuge rotors can result in injury, even death. Sample container breakage can generate aerosols that may be harmful if inhaled. The majority of all centrifuge accidents are the result of user error.
Compressed gases[edit]
Compressed gas cylinders.mapp and oxygen.triddle
Laboratory standard for compressed gas
Is a gas or mixture of gases in a container having an absolute pressure exceeding 40 pounds per square inch (psi) at 70 °F (21.1 °C); or[8]
Is a gas or mixture of gases having an absolute pressure exceeding 104 psi at 130 °F (54.4 °C) regardless of the pressure at 70 °F (21.1 °C); or[8]
Is a liquid having a vapor pressure exceeding 40 psi at 100 °F (37.8 °C) as determined by ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials)
Within laboratories, compressed gases are usually supplied either through fixed piped gas systems or individual cylinders of gases. Compressed gases can be toxic, flammable, oxidizing, corrosive, or inert. Leakage of any of these gases can be hazardous.[9]
Store, handle, and use compressed gases[edit]
All cylinders whether empty or full must be stored upright.[10]
Secure cylinders of compressed gases. Cylinders should never be dropped or allowed to strike each other with force.[10]
Transport compressed gas cylinders with protective caps in place and do not roll or drag the cylinders.[10]
Cryogens and dry ice[edit]
Cryogens, substances used to produce very low temperatures [below -153 °C (-243 °F)], such as liquid nitrogen (LN2) which has a boiling point of -196 °C (-321 °F), are commonly used in laboratories.[11]
Although not a cryogen, solid carbon dioxide or dry ice which converts directly to carbon dioxide gas at -78 °C (-109 °F) is also often used in laboratories. Shipments packed with dry ice, samples preserved with liquid nitrogen, and in some cases, techniques that use cryogenic liquids, such as cryogenic grinding of samples, present potential hazards in the laboratory.[11]
Hand protection is required to guard against the hazard of touching cold surfaces. It is recommended that Cryogen Safety Gloves be used by the worker.[12][13]
Eye protection is required at all times when working with cryogenic fluids. When pouring a cryogen, working with a wide-mouth Dewar flask or around the exhaust of cold boil-off gas, use of a full face shield is recommended.[14]
Personal protective equipments[edit]
Main article: Personal protective equipment
Personal protective equipment or PPE are equipments worn to prevent against exposure of hazardous substances.[15] Although, PPE does not eliminate the risks of hazards but it helps protect the user from the exposure.[16] To make a workplace safer, it should provide instructions and training of how to use and choose proper PPE in different situations.[15]
Nitrile gloves
PPE includes:
Long-sleeved shirts, lab coats, aprons.[14]
goggles[14]
Safety gloves;[14]
There are 2 common types of safety gloves that are widely used in high school or university laboratory, Latex and Nitrile gloves. Latex gloves have a high sensitivity when it comes to contact and fine control which is very suitable for surgery.[17] On the other hands, Nitrile gloves are the gloves that do not have latex protein which cost twice. It was known as the most durable, resisted to tear and many chemicals. Beside all the benefits, Nitrile gloves also have drawbacks since it can oxidize silver and high reactive metals as these metals can react with sulfur.[17] Therefore, wearer should have an extra care while wearing this type of protective gloves.
Face shield or safety
Electrical[edit]
In the laboratory, there is the potential for workers to be exposed to electrical hazards including electric shock, electrocutions, fires and explosions. Damaged electrical cords can lead to possible shocks or electrocutions. A flexible electrical cord may be damaged by door or window edges, by staples and fastenings, by equipment rolling over it, or simply by aging.[18]
The potential for possible electrocution or electric shock or contact with electrical hazards can result from a number of factors, including the following:
Faulty electrical equipment/instrumentation or wiring;[19]
Damaged receptacles and connectors;[19] and
Unsafe work practices.[19]
Fire[edit]
Fire
Fire is the most common serious hazard that one faces in a typical laboratory. While proper procedures and training can minimize the chances of an accidental fire, laboratory workers should still be prepared to deal with a fire emergency should it occur. In dealing with a laboratory fire, all containers of infectious materials should be placed into autoclaves, incubators, refrigerators, or freezers for containment.[20]
Small bench-top fires in laboratory spaces are not uncommon. Large laboratory fires are rare. However, the risk of severe injury or death is significant because fuel load and hazard levels in labs are typically very high. Laboratories, especially those using solvents in any quantity, have the potential for flash fires, explosion, rapid spread of fire, and high toxicity of products of combustion (heat, smoke, and flame)
Fire blanket
Glassware[edit]
Broken glass is a hazard for a sharps related injury.
Correct eye protection should be worn in most experiments involving glassware.
Inserting a glass rod through a stopper can introduce the possibility of a stab wound or sharps injury if the rod breaks. The hands must be protected.
Tubing should be cut from a barbed connection so as not to shatter the connection. A quick disconnect is preferable to a barbed fitting.
Ground glass joints can become a breaking hazard if they freeze.
Broken and other waste glass should be discarded in a separate container specially marked to indicate its contents.
Glassware should always be labeled as to its contents.
Rapid heating (or cooling) may cause uneven thermal expansion putting too much mechanical stress on the surface and cause it to fracture. Fracturing is a concern when people new to laboratory become impatient and heat glassware, especially the larger pieces, too fast. Heating of glassware should be slowed using an insulating material, such as metal foil or wool, or specialized equipment such as heated baths, heating mantles or laboratory grade hot plates to avoid fracturing.
Hot glass looks like cold glass, so a person must be careful to avoid grabbing hot glassware.
Glassware can explode if the exhaust is in any way restricted, so any apparatus should be vented.
Glassware can implode under negative pressure
When connecting joints, it is the responsibility of the person overseeing the experiment to select the correct seal. For example, PTFE tape, bands, and fluoroether-based grease or oils may emit toxic perfluoroisobutylene fumes if the rated temperature limits are exceed.[21][22][23]
See also[edit]
Laboratory Safety on Laboratory article
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Chapter 8 - Chemical Hazards". sp.ehs.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2016-04-07.
Jump up ^ "Biological Agents and Biological Toxins". Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "An additional OSHA Safety and Health Topics page on Pandemic Influenza has been added in response to the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic". OSHA. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Laboratory Safety – Ergonomics for the Prevention of Musculoskeletal Disorders" (PDF). OSHA. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
Jump up ^ Darragh AR, Harrison H, Kenny S. Effect of ergonomics intervention on workstations of microscope workers. American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2008. 62:61-69.
Jump up ^ "Ionizing Radiation". Retrieved 25 October 2015.
Jump up ^ "An OSHA QuickFacts entitled Laboratory Safety – Autoclaves/Sterilizers has been developed to sup-plement this section and is available online at osha.gov". Retrieved 6 February 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-02-06. Retrieved 2015-02-06.
Jump up ^ "About Compressed gases".
^ Jump up to: a b c "Store, handle, and use compressed gases" (PDF).
^ Jump up to: a b "Safety Library Cryogens And DryIce". Retrieved 6 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Safetygrams". www.airproducts.com. Retrieved 2016-04-07.
Jump up ^ "Stanford University: SLAC Environment, Safety, and Health Manual, Chapter 36" (PDF). Stanford University. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "ES&H Manual, Chapter 29: Safe Handling of cryogenic liquids". Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)". www.hse.gov.uk. Retrieved 2015-06-22.
Jump up ^ "Laboratory Safety PPE | Yale Environmental Health and Safety". ehs.yale.edu. Retrieved 2015-06-22.
^ Jump up to: a b "http://www.nps.gov/museum/publications/conserveogram/01-12.pdf" (PDF). www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2015-06-29. External link in |title= (help)
Jump up ^ "Electrical Hazards" (PDF). OSHA. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c https://www.lanl.gov/safety/electrical/docs/elec_hazard_awareness_study_guide.pdf
Jump up ^ "Fire Hazards control". Retrieved 6 February 2015.
Jump up ^ Haiduc, I., "Silicone Grease: A Serendipitous Reagent for the Synthesis of Exotic Molecular and Supramolecular Compounds", Organometallics 2004, volume 23, pp. 3-8. doi:10.1021/om034176w
Jump up ^ Lucian C. Pop and M. Saito (2015). "Serendipitous Reactions Involving a Silicone Grease". Coordination Chemistry Reviews. 314: 64–70. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2015.07.005.
Jump up ^ Hanlon, Dave; Ramiń, Jim (1999). "Safety practices with laboratory glassware". Chemical Health and Safety. 6 (6): 17–20. doi:10.1016/S1074-9098(99)00051-9.
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