text:
The Killing Moon
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For the 2012 fantasy novel, see The Killing Moon (book).
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"The Killing Moon"
Single by Echo & the Bunnymen
from the album Ocean Rain
B-side
"Do It Clean"
Released
20 January 1984
Format
7", 12"
Recorded
Crescent Studio in Bath, Amazon Studios in Liverpool
Genre
Post-punk, gothic rock
Length
5:47
Label
Korova
Songwriter(s)
Will Sergeant, Ian McCulloch, Les Pattinson, Pete de Freitas
Producer(s)
The Bunnymen
Echo & the Bunnymen singles chronology
"Never Stop"
(1983) "The Killing Moon"
(1984) "'The Sound of Echo'"
(1984)
"Never Stop"
(1983) "The Killing Moon"
(1984) The Sound of Echo
(1984)
"The Killing Moon" is a song by the band Echo & the Bunnymen. It was released on 20 January 1984[1] as the lead single from their 1984 album, Ocean Rain. It is one of the band's highest-charting hits, reaching number nine in the UK Singles Chart, and often cited as the band's greatest song. Ian McCulloch has said: "When I sing "The Killing Moon", I know there isn't a band in the world who's got a song anywhere near that".[2] In a retrospective review of the song, Allmusic journalist Stewart Mason wrote: "The smart use of strings amplifies the elegance of the tune, bringing both a musical richness and a sense of quiet dignity to the tune".[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Lyrics
2 Music
3 Track listing
4 Chart positions
5 Cover versions
6 In pop culture
7 References
8 External links
Lyrics[edit]
According to the liner notes of Echo and the Bunnymen's Crystal Days box set, Ian McCulloch woke up one morning with the phrase "fate up against your will" in mind. In a 2015 interview McCulloch said: "I love (the song) all the more because I didn’t pore over it for days on end. One morning, I just sat bolt upright in bed with this line in my head: 'Fate up against your will. Through the thick and thin. He will wait until you give yourself to him.' You don’t dream things like that and remember them. That’s why I’ve always half credited the lyric to God. It’s never happened before or since". McCulloch attributed the use of astronomical imagery in the song to a childhood interest in space.[4]
Music[edit]
The chords of the song were based on David Bowie's "Space Oddity", played backwards. The arrangement of the song was partially inspired by balalaika music that Les Pattinson and Will Sergeant had heard in Russia. The guitar solo had been recorded separately by Sergeant whilst tuning up and was inserted in the song at the suggestion of the producer. The strings which can be heard on the track are a combination of Adam Peters' cello and keyboards played by the producer.[5]
Track listing[edit]
UK 12"
"The Killing Moon" (All Night Version) – 9:11
"The Killing Moon" – 5:50
"Do It Clean" (Recorded live at the Royal Albert Hall London 18 July 1983) – 6:36
Chart positions[edit]
Chart (1984)
Peak
position
Australia (Kent Music Report)[6] 96
Irish Singles Chart[7] 7
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[8] 12
UK Singles Chart[9] 9
Cover versions[edit]
Cover versions of "The Killing Moon"[10] include:
1997: Pavement recorded the song on their January 1997 BBC Radio 1 Evening Session, later included on their final EP, Major Leagues.
2001: The Quakes covered the song on their album, Last of Human Beings.
2006: Nouvelle Vague's bossa nova version opened their Bande à Part album.
2006: Grant-Lee Phillips featured the song on his covers album, Nineteeneighties.
2007: The Distants covered the song for the Blood & Chocolate soundtrack.
2009: Greg Laswell recorded a version on his Covers EP.
2016: Nightjacket covered this song as a single teaser for their second ep.
2017: Roman Remains covered the song for the soundtrack of the Netflix series 13 Reasons Why.
In pop culture[edit]
"The Killing Moon" was featured in the original theatrical version of the opening sequence of the cult film Donnie Darko. However, in the director's cut version of the film, the song is replaced by INXS's "Never Tear Us Apart", with "The Killing Moon" being placed later in the movie.[11]
The song also appeared in the films Gia and The Girl Next Door, in the TV series Dead of Summer and in addition to the video game Rock Band 3.
The song was included on the soundtrack for Grosse Pointe Blank.
The song was included on the soundtrack for the 12th episode of Netflix series 13 Reasons Why.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Record News". NME. London, England: IPC Media: 29. 14 January 1984.
Jump up ^ Harrison, Andrew (12 April 2003). "This much I know". The Observer. London. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
Jump up ^ Mason, Stuart. "The Killing Moon: Song Review by Stewart Mason". AllMusic. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Simpson, Dave (7 April 2015). "Ian McCulloch and Will Sergeant: how we made The Killing Moon". theguardian.com. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
Jump up ^ Simpson, Interviews by Dave (7 April 2015). "Ian McCulloch and Will Sergeant: how we made The Killing Moon". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992. St Ives, NSW: Australian Chart Book. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
Jump up ^ "'The Irish Charts - All You Need To Know'". IRMA. Retrieved 12 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "charts.org.nz". Hung Medien. Recording Industry Association of New Zealand. Retrieved 12 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "OfficialCharts.com". Retrieved 12 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Ultimate Echo and the Bunnymen Resource". Villiers Terrace.com. Retrieved 21 May 2008.
Jump up ^ Day, Matt (10 August 2004). "Donnie Darko: Director's Cut". The Digital Fix.
External links[edit]
Echo & The Bunnymen Official Website
Promotional video at the band's official website
[hide]
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t
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Echo & the Bunnymen
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What Are You Going to Do with Your Life?
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Songs to Learn & Sing
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Killing Moon: The Best of Echo & the Bunnymen
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"The Pictures on My Wall"
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"Nothing Lasts Forever"
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"Think I Need It Too"
EPs
Shine So Hard
The Sound of Echo
Life at Brian's – Lean and Hungry
The Peel Sessions
New Live and Rare
World Tour E.P.
Avalanche
Related articles
Discography
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Electrafixion
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I Can't Make You Love Me
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For the unrelated song of the same name by Quiet Riot, see Guilty Pleasures (Quiet Riot album).
"I Can't Make You Love Me"
Single by Bonnie Raitt
from the album Luck of the Draw
Released
22 October 1991
Format
Cassette single
Recorded
1990
Genre
Pop
adult contemporary
Length
5:33
Label
Capitol
Songwriter(s)
Mike Reid
Allen Shamblin
Producer(s)
Bonnie Raitt
Don Was
Bonnie Raitt singles chronology
"Something to Talk About"
(1991) "I Can't Make You Love Me"
(1991) "Not the Only One"
(1992)
"Something to Talk About"
(1991) "I Can't Make You Love Me"
(1991) "Not the Only One"
(1992)
Music video
"I Can't Make You Love Me" on YouTube
"I Can't Make You Love Me" is a song written by Mike Reid and Allen Shamblin and recorded by American singer Bonnie Raitt for her eleventh studio album Luck of the Draw (1991). Released as the album's third single in 1991, "I Can't Make You Love Me" became one of Raitt's most successful singles, reaching the top-twenty on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and the top-ten on the Adult Contemporary.
In August 2000, Mojo magazine voted "I Can't Make You Love Me" the eighth best track on its The 100 Greatest Songs of All Time list.[1] The song is ranked at number 339 on the Rolling Stone magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.[2] On 27 November 2016, the Grammy Hall of Fame announced its induction, along with that of another 24 songs.[3]
Contents
1 Writing and recording
2 Composition and inspiration
3 Critical reception and accolades
4 Chart performance
5 Charts
5.1 Weekly charts
5.2 Year-end charts
6 Bruce Hornsby performance use
7 George Michael version
7.1 Background and release
7.2 Chart performance
8 Boyz II Men version
8.1 Background and release
8.2 Reception
8.3 Chart performance
9 Adele version
9.1 Background and live performances
9.2 Critical reception
9.3 Chart performance
10 Priyanka Chopra version
10.1 Promotion and music video
10.2 Critical reception
10.3 Chart performance
11 Notes
12 External links
Writing and recording[edit]
"I Can’t Make You Love Me" was written by Nashville writers Mike Reid and Allen Shamblin, who were well-noted for their successes in the country music arena. The song was rewritten many times before being finalized, months later. "We wrote, most every week, in Mike’s basement," Shamblin told Peter Cooper in an interview with the Nashville Tennessean. "And we’d worked on this song for more than six months. One day, he said, ‘Come up to the living room,’ where his piano was. He sat down and started playing this melody, and it was one of the most moving pieces of music I’d heard. I mean, it hit me in a hard way... Instantly, I knew it was the best thing I’d ever been a part of."[4] Reid and Shamblin were both country music songwriters, who according to some accounts originally wrote the song as a fast, bluegrass number. Upon slowing down the tempo considerably, they realized the song gained considerable power and thought about giving the song to one of three artists: Bonnie Raitt, Bette Midler or Linda Ronstadt. Eventually, the song made its way to Bonnie Raitt, who recorded the track for her eleventh studio album, Luck of the Draw (1991). Raitt co-produced the song with Don Was, while Bruce Hornsby provided a piano accompaniment.[5]
Composition and inspiration[edit]
"I Can't Make You Love Me" was composed in the key of Bb major, with a moderate slow tempo of 72 beats per minute. Raitt's vocal range on the song spans from the low-note of F3 to the high-note of Bb4.[6] The idea for the song came to Reid while reading an article about a man arrested for getting drunk and shooting at his girlfriend's car. The judge asked him if he had learned anything, to which he replied, "I learned, Your Honor, that you can't make a woman love you if she don't."[7] Raitt recorded the vocal in just one take in the studio, later saying that it was so sad a song that she could not recapture the emotion: "We'd try to do it again and I just said, 'You know, this ain't going to happen.'"[8]
A pensive ballad, "I Can't Make You Love Me" was recorded against a quiet electric piano-based arrangement, with prominent piano fills and interpolations supplied by Bruce Hornsby. The singer depicts a now one-sided romantic relationship about to end in soft but brutally honest terms: "Turn down the lights, turn down the bed/Turn down these voices inside my head/Lay down with me, tell me no lies/Just hold me close, don't patronize... don't patronize me/'Cause I can't make you love me if you don't/You can't make your heart feel something that it won't," she sings.[9]
Critical reception and accolades[edit]
"I Can't Make You Love Me" received acclaim from music critics. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic praised the track, calling it a "strong song" and picking it as one of the album's best tracks.[10] Steve Hochman of Los Angeles Times hailed the song as one of Raitt's most elegant tracks.[11] Elysa Gardner wrote for Rolling Stone that "Raitt's gorgeously understated rendering of 'I Can't Make You Love Me,' in which sentiments such as 'I will lay down my heart and I'll feel the power/But you won't' are delivered with a quiet resignation that's worth a hundred glissandi in emotional weight."[12]
"I Can't Make You Love Me" entered many lists of the greatest songs of all time. In 2000, Mojo magazine placed it at number 8 on its "100 Greatest Songs of All Time" list.[5] The song is also ranked #339 on the Rolling Stone magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.[2] The website "Ultimate Classic Rock" placed the song at number 24 on their "25 Saddest Songs Ever", praising Bonnie Raitt vocals, writing that "she sings in one of her most impassioned vocals ever. There's real ache in every word that drips from her pained lips."[13]
The song's popularity helped solidify her remarkable late-in-career commercial success that had begun two years before. In the time since, "I Can't Make You Love Me" has gone on to become a pop standard and a mainstay of adult contemporary radio formats. For Raitt, the song was notoriously difficult to sing, due to its required vocal range, difficult phrasing and breathing, and the emotional content involved. At the televised Grammy Awards of 1992 Raitt performed it in an even more austere setting than on record, with just her and Hornsby highlighted. As she negotiated the final vocal line, she let out a big audible and visible sigh of relief that she had successfully gotten through it. Her live performance of the song was released on the 1994 album Grammy's Greatest Moments Volume III.[14] Raitt has continued to sing the song in all her concert tours:
“ I mean, 'I Can't Make You Love Me' is no picnic. I love that song, so does the audience. So it's almost a sacred moment when you share that, that depth of pain with your audience. Because they get really quiet, and I have to summon ... some other place in order to honor that space. ”
Chart performance[edit]
The song was a big hit for Raitt, reaching number 18 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 6 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart.[15] The song placed at number 100 on the Billboard Year-End chart of 1992.[16] In New Zealand, the song was Raitt's highest charting-single, reaching number 22,[17] while in Netherlands, the song charted moderately at number 43.[18]
Charts[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1991-92)
Peak
position
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[17] 22
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[18] 43
US Billboard Hot 100[19] 18
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[20] 6
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1992)
Rank
US Billboard Year-End Chart[21] 100
Bruce Hornsby performance use[edit]
Although Bruce Hornsby had no hand in writing the song, his piano part on it became associated with him. Phil Collins described it as instantly recognizable as Hornsby's work.[22] Hornsby's own publicity material mentions his role on the "classic".[23]
On his own subsequent tours, Hornsby included the song in a number of his set lists. He sometimes let a female backing singer in his band take on the vocal.[24] Other times, he sang the song himself.[25]
George Michael version[edit]
"I Can't Make You Love Me"
Single by George Michael
from the album Ladies & Gentlemen: The Best of George Michael
A-side
"Older"
Released
20 January 1997
Format
Cassette
CD
Recorded
1996
Genre
Pop
Length
5:23
Label
Dreamworks
Virgin
Songwriter(s)
Mike Reid
Allen Shamblin
Producer(s)
George Michael
George Michael singles chronology
"Spinning the Wheel"
(1996) "I Can't Make You Love Me"
(1997) "Star People"
(1997)
"Spinning the Wheel"
(1996) "Older/I Can't Make You Love Me"
(1997) "Star People"
(1997)
English singer George Michael covered "I Can't Make You Love Me" and released as a B-side of his single, "Older", which was released on 20 January 1997 as the fourth single from the album of the same name. Michael's version was also included on his compilation, Ladies & Gentlemen: The Best of George Michael (1998). "Older" and "I Can't Make You Love Me" both reached number 3 on the UK Singles Chart.
Background and release[edit]
After the release of his second studio album, Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 1 (1990), George Michael started a legal battle with his label, Sony Music, declaring his contract was financially inequitable and creatively stifling. Michael sued Sony to end his contract, leading to a long and costly legal battle that ended in 1995, with Michael signing to the newly launched Dreamworks Records label in the United States and Virgin in the rest of the world.[26] In 1995, the singer released the song "Jesus to a Child", which became a huge hit worldwide, followed by "Fastlove" and "Spinning the Wheel", which also became successful songs from his third studio album, Older (1996).[27][28]
While choosing the fourth single from the album, the title track "Older" was announced as the chosen one, with an EP also titled "Older" being released to promote the song. The EP features four tracks, including "Older", "The Strangest Thing" (also from the album "Older") and two covers: the famous Brazilian song "Desafinado" and Bonnie Raitt's "I Can't Make You Love Me",[29] which became the official B-side of the single. Since it was released as a B-side to "Older", "I Can't Make You Love Me" also entered the UK Singles Chart at number 3.[28]
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (1997)
Position
UK Singles Chart[28] 3*
The peak position is the same of its A-side single "Older".
Boyz II Men version[edit]
"I Can't Make You Love Me"
Single by Boyz II Men
from the album Love
Released
October 27, 2009
Format
CD
digital download
Recorded
2008
Genre
R&B
Length
5:17
Label
Decca
UMTV
Songwriter(s)
Mike Reid
Allen Shamblin
Boyz II Men singles chronology
"Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology)"
(2008) "I Can't Make You Love Me"
(2009) "Iris"
(2009)
"Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology)"
(2008) "I Can't Make You Love Me"
(2009) "Iris"
(2009)
American R&B vocal group Boyz II Men recorded "I Can't Make You Love Me" for their third cover album, Love (2009). Their version was released as the album's first single on October 27, 2009. Having a more R&B approach, "I Can't Make You Love Me" received generally favorable reviews from music critics, while it has achieved minor success on the Billboard's Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.
Background and release[edit]
After releasing their second cover album in 2007, Motown: A Journey Through Hitsville USA, which was well received by critics, but failed to produce a successful single, the band announced plans for a new cover album, that features cover versions of songs by "artists I don't think people would expect us to cover," according to member Shawn Stockman.[30] On October 23, 2009, "I Can't Make You Love Me" was announced as Love's lead-single.[31] The song was later released on October 27, 2009 through iTunes store.[32] For the band members, "We wanted to stay true to our roots, and it's a very beautiful song. And with our sound, we gave it an R&B twist. It's always been a favorite of ours, and we hope people will fall in love with it again."[33]
Reception[edit]
A writer for Soul Bounce wrote that "The biggest surprise on this album is the bluesy interpretation of Bonnie Rait's country hit, 'I Can't Make You Love Me.' Starting with strong lyrics and a deep fried instrumental, the Boyz make this song their own with their unique flow providing good contrast to a familiar melodic line."[34] Los Angeles Theatre called it an "impassioned" performance.[35] On the charts, the song performed very modestly, reaching number 75 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.[36]
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (2009)
Position
US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs[36] 75
Adele version[edit]
"I Can't Make You Love Me"
Song by Adele
from the album Live at the Royal Albert Hall
Recorded
22 September 2011
Genre
Soul
Length
3:39
Label
XL
Columbia
Sony
Songwriter(s)
Mike Reid
Allen Shamblin
In 2011, English singer Adele covered "I Can't Make You Love Me" for her first live album, Live at the Royal Albert Hall (2011). The song was acclaimed by music critics, who praised Adele's delivery and vocals. The song has charted on the UK Singles Chart, reaching the top-forty, although it was never released as a single.
Background and live performances[edit]
In addition to receiving positive reviews from music critics, Adele's second album 21 became one of the most successful albums of the 2010s, being the biggest selling musical release for both 2011 and 2012 and entering the Guinness World Records. While promoting the album and its third single, "Set Fire to the Rain", Adele performed on the iTunes Festival London 2011. On the setlist, Adele performed tracks from 21 and a cover of "I Can't Make You Love Me". Before performing the track, Adele stated that it was one of her favorite songs and described it as "perfect in every way". She added that Bonnie Raitt has a "stunning voice" and went on to compliment the lyrics, calling them "mind-blowing".[37]
After the positive response of the iTunes Festival performance, Adele covered once again the track, during her first live album, Live at the Royal Albert Hall, recorded on 22 September 2011. She made further comment over the song, saying, "It blows me away" and further adding that she thought the song was "incredibly moving". Adele also commented on the emotions the song gives her, saying, "It makes me really, really happy and really, really devastated and depressed at the same time. It makes me think of my fondest and best times in my life, and it makes me think of the worst as well, and combined, probably is a recipe for disaster, but I do love this song. It's just fucking stunning."[38]
Critical reception[edit]
While reviewing her iTunes Festival performance, David Smyth of London Evening Standard wrote that Adele sang the song "with raw expressiveness."[39] Andrew Leahey of Allmusic wrote that the cover "made all the more tender by the rarely heard frailties in Adele’s voice."[40] Donald Gibson of Seattle Pi wrote that "she breathes new life into Bonnie Raitt's 'I Can't Make You Love Me,' with similar intimacy and conviction."[41]
While reviewing her Live at the Royal Albert Hall DVD, critics lauded Adele's rendition. Andy Gill of The Independent called it an "impassioned version,"[42] while Alex Young of Consequence of Sound named it "heartfelt and stunning."[43] Kit O'Toole of Blogcritics praised her rendition, writing that it "retains its heart-wrenching, devastating mood thanks to Adele's multi-layered voice. Hearing her perform this song, one would imagine her as an older woman who has survived lifelong heartaches instead of a 23-year-old."[44] Maria Schurr of PopMatters lauded the covers (Raitt's "I Can't Make You Love Me" and Bob Dylan's "Make You Feel My Love") on the live album, naming "the most successful," writing that "both seem deeply heartfelt, like Adele understands, and is the only one who can make these words that are not hers ring true."[45] Chris Willman of The Wrap called it "a classic of unrequited love that you'd have to swear she wrote if Bonnie Raitt hadn't turned it into the ultimate female weepie back when Adele was 2."[46]
Chart performance[edit]
Despite not being released as a single, "I Can't Make You Love Me" debuted at number 53 on the UK Singles Chart week of 30 September 2012.[47] It later peaked at number 37, on the following week, 6 October 2012,[48] becoming her eighth top-forty song and first non-single top-forty hit.
Chart (2012)
Peak
position
Irish Singles Chart[49] 78
Scottish Singles Chart[50] 34
UK Singles Chart[48] 37
Priyanka Chopra version[edit]
"I Can't Make You Love Me"
Single by Priyanka Chopra
Released
22 April 2014 (2014-04-22)
Format
CD single
digital download
Genre
Electropop
EDM
Length
3:38
Label
2101
DesiHits
Interscope
Songwriter(s)
Mike Reid
Allen Shamblin
Producer(s)
Manual "DJ Manian" Reuter
Priyanka Chopra singles chronology
"Exotic"
(2013) "I Can't Make You Love Me"
(2014)
"Exotic"
(2013) "I Can't Make You Love Me"
(2014)
Music video
"I Can't Make You Love Me" by Priyanka Chopra on YouTube
In 2014, Indian actress and singer Priyanka Chopra recorded a version of "I Can't Make You Love Me" for her upcoming debut studio album. Speaking about the song, Chopra said "This is one of my favorite tracks on the album. It's my ode to a classic, a song that I love, and one that says so much – this is for the actor in me."[51] Chopra's version of the song incorporates electronic dance music (EDM) and electropop in its production,.[52][53] which comes courtesy of German producer Manuel "DJ Manian" Reuter. Andy Gensler from Billboard commented on how different Chopra's version was from the original by Raitt, saying that "Chopra's more uptempo take on the song is more likely to connect with a generation of ravers with no idea of the song's origin"[54] The up-tempo version was demoed by American singer Ester Dean at the request of Interscope Records chairman Jimmy Iovine.[54]
It was released on 22 April 2014, by DesiHits, in association with 2101 Records and Interscope Records.[55][56] It is the third internationally released single following "In My City" (featuring will.i.am), which failed to achieve airplay in the United States,[57] and "Exotic". In the United Kingdom, "I Can't Make You Love Me" was originally planned to be Chopra's debut single, but was never released.[53]
Promotion and music video[edit]
Chopra's version of "I Can't Make You Love Me" was used to promote Beats by Dre. In a press release, it was revealed that the song would be used in the launch of a new campaign for the popular Beats Pill XL portable Bluetooth speaker. Chopra and her new track would be featured in the national ad campaign, that ran nationwide from May 1 through May 25.[58]
An accompanying music video was filmed in Los Angeles in February 2014.[59] It was conceptualised and directed by duo Jeff Nicholas and Jonathan Craven of The Uprising Creative.[56] Actor Milo Ventimiglia plays Chopra's love interest and scenes include Chopra throwing coloured paint at Ventimiglia as part of celebrations for the Indian festival of Holi, as well as embraces between the couple and solo scenes with Chopra.[59] According to NDTV, the video charts a fictional relationship that "goes from loving to hellish".[60] Behind the scenes footage was released to Access Hollywood.[61] It premiered in New York City on 30 April 2014.[52] Gensler noted that the video also contained product placement for Nokia and Beats by Dre speakers.[54]
Critical reception[edit]
CNN-News18 said, "The singer certainly sounds great, so much that it's almost unbelievable it is Priyanka Chopra. The number is definitely foot-tapping and you're going to be hearing this one at every restaurant and club in the days to come" and added that Chopra had "definitely done a great job recreating the Bonnie Ratt song".[62]
Chart performance[edit]
Chart
Peak
position
US Hot Dance/Electronic Songs (Billboard)[63]
28
Notes[edit]
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^ Jump up to: a b "Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time".
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Jump up ^ Moore, Rick (June 3, 2013). "Bonnie Raitt, "I Can't Make You Love Me"". American Songwriter. Retrieved May 11, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Cooper, Peter (May 10, 2012). "Peter Cooper On Music: 'I Can't Make You Love Me' endures". Tennessean. Retrieved May 12, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Bonnie Raitt "I Can't Make You Love Me" Music Sheet". Musicnotes.com. Alfred Publishing Co., Inc. Retrieved May 12, 2014.
Jump up ^ 1001 Songs: The Great Songs of All Time and the Artists, Stories and Secrets Behind Them, Toby Creswell
Jump up ^ 107.1 KGSR - Radio Austin Archived 1 November 2006 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Bonnie Raitt - I Can't Make You Love Me Lyrics". MetroLyrics. CBS Interactive. Retrieved May 12, 2014.
Jump up ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Bonnie Raitt - Luck of the Draw | AllMusic". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved May 12, 2014.
Jump up ^ Hochman, Steve (June 23, 1991). "ALBUM REVIEW : ***1/2 BONNIE RAITT "Luck of the Draw" Capitol". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 12, 2014.
Jump up ^ Gardner, Elysa (June 17, 1997). "Luck of the Draw | Album Reviews | Rolling Stone". Rolling Stone. Retrieved May 12, 2014.
Jump up ^ Gallucci, Michael. "25 Saddest Songs Ever". Ultimate Classic Rock. Retrieved May 12, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Grammy's Greatest Moments, Volume III: Various Artists". Amazon.com. Retrieved 23 November 2011.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2002). Top Adult Contemporary: 1961-2001. Record Research. p. 199.
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^ Jump up to: a b "Charts.nz – Bonnie Raitt – I Can't Make You Love Me". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved May 12, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Dutchcharts.nl – Bonnie Raitt – I Can't Make You Love Me" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved May 12, 2014.
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Jump up ^ "Phil Collins On 'I Can't Make You Love Me' on SiriusXM". SiriusXM. YouTube. January 20, 2011.
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Jump up ^ "This Week's Playlist: Song: I Can't Make You Love Me". lostandfoundradio.com. Retrieved May 16, 2014. Also "Good Listening: Bruce Hornsby – Cleveland Music Hall – 11/20/93". addictedtovinyl.com. Retrieved May 16, 2014.
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Jump up ^ "George Michael | Awards | Allmusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c "George Michael | Artist | Official Charts". The Official Charts Company. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
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Jump up ^ Aleman, Annie. "Boyz II Men bring harmonies to NCC stage". Beacon News. Archived from the original on 14 May 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Music: Boyz II Men: I Can't Make You Love Me - New Single". This Is R&B. October 23, 2009. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ "I Can't Make You Love Me - Single Boyz II Men". iTunes. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ France, Lisa Respers (November 17, 2009). "Boyz II Men sending out 'Love'". CNN. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Getting 'Love' From Boyz II Men". Soul Bounce. November 12, 2009. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
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^ Jump up to: a b "Boyz II Men - Awards - Allmusic". Allmusic. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Adele - I Can't Make You Love Me (Live) Itunes Festival 2011 HD". YouTube. 8 July 2011. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Adele - I Can't Make You Love Me (Live At The Royal Albert Hall DVD)". YouTube. 14 February 2012. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Smyth, David (8 July 2011). "iTunes Festival, Adele, Roundhouse - review". London Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 14 May 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Leahey, Andrew. "Adele: iTunes Festival: London 2011 - Allmusic". Allmusic. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Gibson, Donald (16 July 2011). "Music Review: Adele - iTunes Festival: London 2011 [EP]". Seattle Pi. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Gill, Andy (25 November 2011). "Album: Adele, Live at The Royal Albert Hall, XL". The Independent. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Young, Alex (1 December 2011). "Album Review: Adele – Live at the Royal Albert Hall". Consequence of Sound. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
Jump up ^ O'Toole, Kit (14 December 2011). "Music DVD Review: Adele Live at the Royal Albert Hall". Blogcritics. Archived from the original on 14 May 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Schurr, Maria (10 January 2012). "Adele: Live at the Royal Albert Hall [DVD]". PopMatters. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Willman, Chris (29 November 2011). "Review: Adele Bares It All in Candor-Filled 'Live at Albert Hall'". The Wrap. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Adele - I Can't Make You Love Me". Music Charts. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Adele - Artist - Official Charts". The Official Charts Company. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Hung, Steffen. "Discography Adele". Irish Charts Portal. Hung Medien (Steffen Hung).
Jump up ^ "Top 40 Scottish Singles Archive". The Official Charts Company. 7 October 2012. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
Jump up ^ "Priyanka Chopra Releases New Single 'I Can't Make You Love Me', Shoots Holi-Themed Music Video with Milo Ventimiglia". International Business Times. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Priyanka Chopra launches 'I Can't Make You Love Me' video - Bollywood News". Digital Spy. 30 April 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Priyanka Chopra confirms 'I Can't Make You Love Me' release date - Bollywood News". Digital Spy. 20 April 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Priyanka Chopra Covers 'I Can't Make You Love Me' By Bonnie Raitt: Video". Billboard. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "I Can't Make You Love Me: Priyanka Chopra: MP3 Downloads". Amazon.com. 22 April 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Interscope Records Recording Artist Priyanka Chopra Releases New Single 'I Can't... - SANTA MONICA, Calif., April 25, 2014 /PRNewswire/" (Press release). Prnewswire.com. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Gerrick D. Kennedy Times (20 November 2012). "Bollywood's Priyanka Chopra as pioneering pop act in America - Los Angeles Times". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Priyanka Chopra's New Song Tapped for Beats By Dre Ad (Audio)". Billboard. 25 April 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Priyanka Chopra shoots Holi scene for 'I Can't Make You Love Me' video - Bollywood News". Digital Spy. 23 February 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Priyanka Chopra Has Her Heart Broken In I Can't Make You Love Me Video". NDTV.com. 1 May 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Priyanka Chopra Exclusive: 'I Can't Make You Love Me'". Access Hollywood. 25 April 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Review of Priyanka Chopra's latest single 'I Can't Make You Love Me': Foot-tapping but doesn't pick up!". CNN-News18. April 24, 2014. Retrieved June 9, 2016.
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External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
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Stephan's Quintet
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Stephan's Quintet

Credit: HST
Observation data (Epoch J2000)
Constellation(s)
Pegasus
Right ascension
22h 35m 57.5s[1]
Declination
+33° 57′ 36″[1]
Brightest member
NGC 7318B[1]
Number of galaxies
5[1]
Other designations
HCG 92, Arp 319, VV 288,[1] SQ[2]
See also: Galaxy groups, Galaxy clusters, List of galaxy clusters
Stephan's Quintet is a visual grouping of five galaxies of which four form the first compact galaxy group ever discovered.[2] The group, visible in the constellation Pegasus, was discovered by Édouard Stephan in 1877 at the Marseille Observatory.[3] The group is the most studied of all the compact galaxy groups.[2] The brightest member of the visual grouping is NGC 7320 that is shown to have extensive H II regions, identified as red blobs, where active star formation is occurring.
Contents
[hide]
1 Description
2 X-ray source
3 Molecular hydrogen emission
4 Redshift
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
Description[edit]
Four of the five galaxies in Stephan's Quintet form a physical association, Hickson Compact Group 92, and will likely merge with each other. Radio observations in the early 1970s revealed a mysterious filament of emission which lies in inter-galactic space between the galaxies in the group. This same region is also detected in the faint glow of ionized atomic hydrogen seen in the visible part of the spectrum as a green arc.
Two space telescopes have recently provided new insight into the nature of the filament, which is now believed to be a giant intergalactic shock-wave (similar to a sonic boom but traveling in intergalactic gas rather than air) caused by one galaxy (NGC 7318B) falling into the center of the group at several millions of kilometers per hour.
X-ray source[edit]
Stephan's Quintet. Image Credits: X-ray (blue): NASA/CXC/CfA/E. O'Sullivan Optical (brown): Canada-France-Hawaii-Telescope/Coelum.
As NGC 7318B collides with gas in the group, a huge shock wave bigger than the Milky Way spreads throughout the medium between the galaxies, heating some of the gas to temperatures of millions of degrees where they emit X-rays detectable with the NASA Chandra X-ray Observatory.
Molecular hydrogen emission[edit]
The NASA Spitzer Space Telescope, which detects infrared radiation, discovered a very powerful molecular hydrogen signal from the shock wave between the galaxies. This emission is one of the most turbulent formations of molecular hydrogen ever seen, and the strongest emission originates near the center of the green area in the visible light picture discussed earlier. This phenomenon was discovered by an international team led by scientists at the California Institute of Technology and including scientists from Australia, Germany and China. The detection of molecular hydrogen from the collision was initially unexpected because the hydrogen molecule is very fragile and is easily destroyed in shock waves of the kind expected in Stephan's Quintet. However, one solution is that when a shock front moves through a cloudy medium like the center of the group, millions of smaller shocks are produced in a turbulent layer, and this can allow molecular hydrogen to survive.
Earthbound monochrome (sdss-g filtered) image of Stephan's Quintet from the Liverpool Telescope
Redshift[edit]
NGC 7320 indicates a small redshift (790 km/s) while the other four exhibit large redshifts (near 6600 km/s). Since galactic redshift is proportional to distance, NGC 7320 is only a foreground projection[2] and is ~39 million ly[2] from Earth versus the 210-340 million ly of the other five.
NGC 7319 has a type 2 Seyfert nucleus.
The galaxies in the vicinity of Stephan's Quintet. The rectangle indicates the area covered by the 1998–99 Hubble Space Telescope image below.
A sixth galaxy, NGC 7320C, probably belongs to the Hickson association: it has a redshift similar to the Hickson galaxies, and a tidal tail appears to connect it with NGC 7319.
Members of the Hickson Compact Group 92
Name
Type[4]
R.A. (J2000)[4]
Dec. (J2000)[4]
Redshift (km/s)[4]
Apparent Magnitude[4]
NGC 7317 E4 22h 35m 51.9s +33° 56′ 42″ 6599 ± 26 +14.6
NGC 7318a
(UGC 12099) E2 pec 22h 35m 56.7s +33° 57′ 56″ 6630 ± 23 +14.3
NGC 7318b
(UGC 12100) SB(s)bc pec 22h 35m 58.4s +33° 57′ 57″ 5774 ± 24 +13.9
NGC 7319 SB(s)bc pec 22h 36m 03.5s +33° 58′ 33″ 6747 ± 7 +14.1
NGC 7320c (R)SAB(s)0/a 22h 36m 20.4s +33° 59′ 06″ 5985 ± 9 +16.7
Detail of the quintet in a photo by Hubble Space Telescope, 1998–99. Credits: NASA/ESA.
See also[edit]
Seyfert's Sextet
Robert's Quartet
NGC 7331 Group
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for HCG 92. Retrieved 2006-09-18.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Moles, M.; Marquez, I.; Sulentic, J. W. (1998). "The observational status of Stephan's Quintet". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 334: 473–481. arXiv:astro-ph/9802328  . Bibcode:1998A&A...334..473M.
Jump up ^ Stephan, M. E. (1877). "Nebulæ (new) discovered and observed at the observatory of Marseille, 1876 and 1877, M. Stephan". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 37: 334–339. Bibcode:1877MNRAS..37..334S. doi:10.1093/mnras/37.6.334.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for various galaxies. Retrieved 2006-10-20.
References[edit]
A Shocking Surprise in Stephan's Quintet. 2 March 2006. 10 March 2006 NASA/JPL-Caltech/Max-Planck Institute/P. Appleton article
P.N. Appleton, K.C. Xu, W. Reach, M.A. Dopita, Y. Gao, N. Lu, C.C. Popescu, J.W. Sulentic, R.J. Tuffs, and M.S. Yun. Powerful High-Velocity Dispersion Molecular Hydrogen Associated with an Intergalactic Shock Wave in Stephan's Quintet, The Astrophysical Journal, 639:L51-L54, 3 March 2006. 10 March 2006 Gigantic cosmic cataclysm in Stephan's Quintet of galaxies
Stephan's Quintet. 10 March 2006 University of Alabama Astronomy
Stephan's Quintet: Intruder Galaxy Shocks Tightly-Knit Group. 8 May 03. 10 March 2006 Chandra X-Ray Observatory
Stephan's Quintet, photo and description from the National Optical Astronomy Observatory. Links to a labeled locator photo.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Stephan's Quintet.
GALEX: Stephan's Quintet and NGC 7331
Star Clusters Born in the Wreckage of Cosmic Collisions
News Release at ESA/Hubble
Stephan's Quintet
NightSkyInfo.com : Stephan's Quintet
What's Behind Stephan's Quintet? Peter Edmonds, Chandra Blog, 21 July 2009
Astronomy Picture of the Day on Stephan's Quintet: 13 Nov 2000 12 Aug 2003 11 Sep 2009
Stephan's Quintet on WikiSky: DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, Hydrogen α, X-Ray, Astrophoto, Sky Map, Articles and images
Coordinates: 22h 35m 57.5s, +33° 57′ 36″
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stephan%27s_Quintet&oldid=814910396"
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Stephan's Quintet
Pegasus (constellation)
Astronomical objects discovered in 1877
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Silicone grease
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Silicone grease is a waterproof grease made by combining a silicone oil with a thickener. Most commonly, the silicone oil is polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the thickener is amorphous fumed silica. Using this formulation, silicone grease is a translucent white viscous paste, with exact properties dependent on the type and proportion of the components. More specialized silicone greases are made from fluorinated silicones or, for low temperature applications, PDMS containing some phenyl substituents in place of methyl groups. For food applications, the thickener is calcium stearate. For applications involving highly reactive substances, powdered polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) is the thickener.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Use in industry
2 Use in the chemical laboratory
3 Consumer uses
4 As a sealant around electrical contacts
4.1 Dielectric grease
5 References
Use in industry[edit]
Silicone grease is commonly used for lubricating and preserving rubber parts, such as O-rings. Additionally, silicone grease does not swell or soften the rubber, which can be a problem with hydrocarbon based greases. It functions well as a corrosion-inhibitor and lubricant for purposes that require a thicker lubricant.
Thermal grease often consists of a silicone grease base, along with added thermally conductive fillers. It is used for heat transfer abilities, rather than friction reduction.
Special versions of silicone grease are also used widely by the plumbing industry in faucets and seals, as well as dental equipment. These special versions are formulated using components not known to be an ingestion hazard. Electrical utilities use silicone grease to lubricate separable elbows on lines which must endure high temperatures. Silicone greases generally have an operating temperature range of approximately −40 to 200 °C (−40 to 392 °F) with some high-temperature versions extending that range slightly.
Use in the chemical laboratory[edit]
Silicone grease is widely used as a temporary sealant and a lubricant for interconnecting ground glass joints, as is typically used in laboratory glassware. Although silicones are normally assumed to be chemically inert, several historically significant compounds have resulted from unintended reactions with silicones.[2][3] The first salts of crown ethers (OSi(CH3)2)n (n = 6, 7) were produced by reactions of organolithium and organopotassium compounds with silicone greases[4] or the serendipitous reaction of stannanetriol with silicone grease to afford a cage-like compound having three Sn-O-Si-O-Sn linkages in the molecule.[5]
Silicone grease is soluble in organic solvents, and lubrication of an apparatus with silicone grease may result in the reaction mixture being contaminated with the grease. The impurity may be carried through purification by chromatography in undesirable amounts. In NMR spectroscopy, the methyl groups in polydimethylsiloxane display 1H and 13C chemical shifts similar to trimethylsilane (TMS), the reference compound for those forms of NMR spectroscopy. As with TMS, the signal is a singlet. In 1H NMR, silicone grease appears at a singlet at δ = 0.07 ppm in CDCl3, 0.09 in CD3CN, 0.29 in C6D6, and -0.06 ppm in (CD3)2SO. In 13C NMR, it appears at δ = 1.19 ppm in CDCl3 and 1.38 ppm in C6D6. Tables of impurities commonly found in NMR spectroscopy have been prepared, and such tables include silicone grease.[6]
Consumer uses[edit]
Silicone-based lubricants are often used by consumers in applications where other common consumer lubricants, such as petroleum jelly, would damage certain products, such as latex rubber and gaskets on dry-suits. It can be used to lubricate fountain pen filling mechanisms and threads. It is used to seal and preserve O-rings in flashlights, plumbing, waterproof watches, and air rifles. Silicone grease is widely used to lubricate threads of water submersible flashlights used for diving and spearfishing. This grease improves water resistance of the flashlights and protects threads from wearing out. Silicone grease is used with waterproof devices as it has a very thick body and doesn't dissolve in water, as most spirits and other liquids would. Silicone-based lubricants are also commonly used for remote control hobbies, or for the insulation of CPU sockets when overclocking at very low temperatures.
Various household uses include lubricating door hinges, shower heads, threads on bolts, garden hose threads or any thread or mechanism that can be lubricated.
As a sealant around electrical contacts[edit]
This section may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards, as problems include lack of references, tone, and serious doubts about accuracy. Comments and suggestions are on the talk page. You can help. The discussion page may contain suggestions. (January 2015)
Dielectric grease[edit]
Dielectric grease is electrically insulating and does not break down when high voltage is applied. It is often applied to electrical connectors, particularly those containing rubber gaskets, as a means of lubricating and sealing rubber portions of the connector without arcing.
A common use of dielectric grease is in high-voltage connections associated with gasoline engine spark plugs. The grease is applied to the rubber boot of the plug wire. This helps the rubber boot slide onto the ceramic insulator of the plug. The grease also acts to seal the rubber boot, while at the same time preventing the rubber from becoming stuck to the ceramic. Generally, spark plugs are located in areas of high temperature and the grease is formulated to withstand the temperature range expected. It can be applied to the actual contact as well, because the contact pressure is sufficient to penetrate the grease film. Doing so on such high pressure contact surfaces between different metals has the advantage of sealing the contact area against electrolytes that might cause rapid deterioration from galvanic corrosion.
Another common use of dielectric grease is on the rubber mating surfaces or gaskets of multi-pin electrical connectors used in automotive and marine engines. The grease again acts as a lubricant and a sealant on the nonconductive mating surfaces of the connector. It is not recommended to be applied to the actual electrical conductive contacts of the connector because it could interfere with the electrical signals passing through the connector in cases where the contact pressure is very low. Products designed as electronic connector lubricants, on the other hand, should be applied to such connector contacts and can dramatically extend their useful life. Polyphenyl ether, rather than silicone grease, is the active ingredient in some such connector lubricants.
Silicone grease should not be applied to (or next to) any switch contact that might experience arcing, as silicone can convert to silicon carbide under arcing conditions, and accumulation of the silicon carbide can cause the contacts to prematurely fail. (British Telecom had this problem in the 1970s when silicone Symel® sleeving was used in telephone exchanges. Vapor from the sleeving migrated to relay contacts and the resultant silicon carbide caused intermittent connection.[citation needed])
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Thorsten Bartels et al. "Lubricants and Lubrication" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2005, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a15_423
Jump up ^ Haiduc, I., "Silicone Grease: A Serendipitous Reagent for the Synthesis of Exotic Molecular and Supramolecular Compounds", Organometallics 2004, volume 23, pp. 3-8. doi:10.1021/om034176w
Jump up ^ Lucian C. Pop and M. Saito (2015). "Serendipitous Reactions Involving a Silicone Grease". Coordination Chemistry Reviews. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2015.07.005.
Jump up ^ Jamie S. Ritch and Tristram Chivers (2007). "Silicon Analogues of Crown Ethers and Cryptands: A New Chapter in Host–Guest Chemistry?". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 46 (25): 4610–4613. doi:10.1002/anie.200701822. ISSN 1433-7851. PMID 17546579.
Jump up ^ Lucian C. Pop; et al. (2014). "Synthesis and structures of monomeric group 14 triols and their reactivity". Canadian Journal of Chemistry. 92 (6): 542–548. doi:10.1139/cjc-2013-0496.
Jump up ^ Fulmer, Gregory R.; Miller, Alexander J. M.; Sherden, Nathaniel H.; Gottlieb, Hugo E.; Nudelman, Abraham; Stoltz, Brian M.; Bercaw, John E.; Goldberg, Karen I. (10 May 2010). "NMR Chemical Shifts of Trace Impurities: Common Laboratory Solvents, Organics, and Gases in Deuterated Solvents Relevant to the Organometallic Chemist". Organometallics. 29 (9): 2176–2179. doi:10.1021/om100106e.
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