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Newark Liberty International Airport Station
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Newark International Airport
NJT train at Newark Liberty International Airport Station in 2017
Location
Newark, New Jersey
United States
Coordinates
40°42′16″N 74°11′26″W / 40.70444°N 74.19056°W / 40.70444; -74.19056Coordinates: 40°42′16″N 74°11′26″W / 40.70444°N 74.19056°W / 40.70444; -74.19056
Owned by
PANYNJ[1]
Line(s)
Northeast Corridor[1]
Platforms
2 island platforms
Tracks
6
Connections
AirTrain Newark
Construction
Disabled access
Yes
Other information
Station code
Amtrak code: EWR
Fare zone
1 (NJ Transit)
History
Opened
October 21, 2001
Traffic
Passengers (2012)
3,314 (average weekday)[2] (NJT)
Passengers (2017)
150,054[3]  8.12% (Amtrak)
Services
Preceding station
Amtrak
Following station
Metropark
toward Harrisburg
Keystone Service
Newark, NJ
toward New York City
Metropark
toward Norfolk, Newport News, or Roanoke
Northeast Regional
Newark, NJ
toward Boston South Station or Springfield
NJ Transit Rail
North Elizabeth
toward Trenton
Northeast Corridor Line
Newark Penn Station
toward New York Penn Station
North Elizabeth
toward Bay Head
North Jersey Coast Line
Newark Penn Station
toward Hoboken or New York Penn Station
Newark Liberty International Airport Station[4][5] (also known as Newark International Airport Station[6]) is a railroad station on the Northeast Corridor (NEC) in Newark, New Jersey. The station provides access to Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR) via the AirTrain monorail which connects the station to the airport's terminals and parking areas. It is served by New Jersey Transit's (NJT) Northeast Corridor Line and North Jersey Coast Line and Amtrak's Northeast Regional and Keystone Service trains. The station, located in the Dayton neighborhood of the city, has no pedestrian access, bus service, parking facility, or drop-off area.[7]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Service connections
2.1 NEC–Airtrain transfer
2.2 Connecting services via NEC
3 PATH extension proposal
4 References
5 External links
History[edit]
An Amtrak Regional train at the station in 2007
The station opened on October 21, 2001.[8] It is owned by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ), the airport's operator, and therefore has a different design than NJT and Amtrak stations, especially the signage, which is the same as used throughout the airport.[9] The Port Authority originally intended to name the station "Newark Airport" but changed it to "Newark Liberty International Airport" after the airport's renaming, which honors the victims of the September 11 attacks and the proximity of the airport to the Statue of Liberty.[10][11]
Service connections[edit]
NEC–Airtrain transfer[edit]
Passengers must pass through faregates and pay a $5.50 fee to transfer between the NEC and AirTrain. The fee is usually included in the price and encoded on magnetic stripes of NJT tickets with the station as the origin or destination (denoted with **EWR**). Monthly pass holders who do not have Newark Airport as the origin or destination for their pass need to pay the fee, which is waived for children 11 and under.[12] There is a staffed Amtrak ticket counter between AirTrain and the NEC platforms. Although there are NJ Transit staff on site, passengers are required to use the ticket vending machines (TVMs) on either side of the faregates for NJT service.
Connecting services via NEC[edit]
On the NEC, it is a 6-minute trip to Newark's Penn Station, where connections are available to the Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH) system to Jersey City, Hoboken and Lower Manhattan as well as the Newark Light Rail and regional bus services. New York City's Penn Station, where connections are available to Long Island Rail Road and the New York City Subway, is a 22-to-25-minute trip. Trenton is a 31-to-50-minute trip and Philadelphia is a 59-to-67-minute trip.[13][14][15] NJT local trains stop at Secaucus Junction, where connections are available to other New Jersey Transit Rail Operations commuter lines in northern New Jersey and Metro-North Railroad's West of Hudson services.
PATH extension proposal[edit]
Further information: PATH (rail system) § Newark Airport extension
In September 2012, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey announced that work would commence on a study to explore extending the Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH) system to the station and building a park and ride facility at it.[16] In 2014, the PANYNJ proposed a 10-year capital plan that included the PATH extension,[17][18] which was approved by the Board of Commissioners approved on February 19, 2014.[19]
However, there were calls in late 2014 for reconsideration of PA funding priorities. The PATH extension was called "redundant" of existing Manhattan-to-Newark Airport train service, while funding was lacking for both the proposed Amtrak Gateway Tunnel under the Hudson River (a substitute for the cancelled ARC Tunnel), and the replacement of the aging and overcrowded Port Authority Bus Terminal.[20]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Newark - Airport, NJ - EWR (Amtrak; Great American Stations)
Jump up ^ "QUARTERLY RIDERSHIP TRENDS ANALYSIS" (PDF). New Jersey Transit. December 27, 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 27, 2012. Retrieved December 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Amtrak Fact Sheet, FY2017, State of New Jersey" (PDF). Amtrak. November 2017. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ "To and From Newark". panynj.gov. Retrieved November 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Newark Liberty International Airport, NJ Train Station (EWR) - Amtrak". amtrak.com. Retrieved November 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Newark Airport". njtransit.com. Retrieved November 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ Dayton Street Transformation Plan (PDF) (Report). Newark Housing Authority. April 2014. Retrieved November 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ Gootman, Elissa (October 22, 2001). "New Train Service To Newark Airport". The New York Times. Retrieved February 19, 2010.
Jump up ^ Newark-Liberty International Airport Station (The Subway Nut)
Jump up ^ Wilson, Michael (August 22, 2002). "Governors Seek a Name Change for Newark Airport". The New York Times. NYTimes.com. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
Jump up ^ Smothers, Ronald (August 30, 2002). "Port Authority Extends Lease of a Renamed Newark Airport". The New York Times. NYTimes.com. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ Summer 2014 Amtrak Timetable, http://www.amtrak.com/ccurl/749/127/Northeast-Regional-1-Schedule-060914.pdf
Jump up ^ NJ Transit, Summer 2014 North Jersey Coast Timetable, http://www.njtransit.com/pdf/rail/R0080.pdf
Jump up ^ NJ Transit, Summer 2014 Northeast Corridor Timeable, http://www.njtransit.com/pdf/rail/R0070.pdf
Jump up ^ "PORT AUTHORITY TO UNDERTAKE STUDY ON EXTENDING PATH RAIL SERVICE TO NEWARK LIBERTY INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT" (Press release). PANYNJ. September 20, 2012. Retrieved October 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ Boburg, Shawn (February 4, 2014). "Port Authority plans to extend PATH to Newark airport". The Record. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "PORT AUTHORITY UNVEILS COMPREHENSIVE, PROPOSED $27.6 BILLION CAPITAL PLAN TO REVITALIZE REGION'S TRANSPORTATION ASSETS" (Press release). PANYNJ. February 4, 2014. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "PORT AUTHORITY BOARD APPROVES HISTORIC $27.6 BILLION 10-YEAR CAPITAL PLAN THAT FOCUSES THE AGENCY ON ITS CORE TRANSPORTATION MISSION". Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. February 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ Magyar, Mark J. (October 24, 2014). "Christie's Airport PATH Deal Undercuts Rail Tunnel, PA Bus Terminal Needs". NJ Spotlight. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Newark Liberty International Airport Station.
NJT rail station information page for Newark Liberty International Airport Station
DepartureVision real time train information for Newark Liberty International Airport Station
Amtrak – Stations – Newark Liberty International Airport
Newark Airport Amtrak & New Jersey Transit Station (USA RailGuide -- TrainWeb)
Newark-Airport, NJ (EWR) (Amtrak's Great American Stations)
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Newark_Liberty_International_Airport_Station&oldid=826759972"
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Construct validity
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Construct validity is "the degree to which a test measures what it claims, or purports, to be measuring."[1][2][3] In the classical model of test validity, construct validity is one of three main types of validity evidence, alongside content validity and criterion validity.[4][5] Modern validity theory defines construct validity as the overarching concern of validity research, subsuming all other types of validity evidence.[6][7]
Construct validity is the appropriateness of inferences made on the basis of observations or measurements (often test scores), specifically whether a test measures the intended construct. Constructs are abstractions that are deliberately created by researchers in order to conceptualize the latent variable, which is correlated with scores on a given measure (although it is not directly observable). Construct validity examines the question: Does the measure behave like the theory says a measure of that construct should behave?
Construct validity is essential to the perceived overall validity of the test. Construct validity is particularly important in the social sciences, psychology, psychometrics and language studies.
Psychologists such as Samuel Messick (1998) have pushed for a unified view of construct validity "...as an integrated evaluative judgment of the degree to which empirical evidence and theoretical rationales support the adequacy and appropriateness of inferences and actions based on test scores..."[8] Key to construct validity are the theoretical ideas behind the trait under consideration, i.e. the concepts that organize how aspects of personality, intelligence, etc. are viewed.[9] Paul Meehl states that, "The best construct is the one around which we can build the greatest number of inferences, in the most direct fashion."[2]
Scale purification, i.e. "the process of eliminating items from multi-item scales" (Wieland et al., 2017) can influence construct validity. A framework presented by Wieland et al. (2017) highlights that both statistical and judgmental criteria need to be taken under consideration when making scale purification decision.[10]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Evaluation
2.1 Convergent and discriminant validity
2.2 Nomological network
2.3 Multitrait-multimethod matrix
3 Threats to construct validity
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
History[edit]
Throughout the 1940s scientists had been trying to come up with ways to validate experiments prior to publishing them. The result of this was a myriad of different validities (intrinsic validity, face validity, logical validity, empirical validity, etc.). This made it difficult to tell which ones were actually the same and which ones were not useful at all. Until the middle of the 1950s there were very few universally accepted methods to validate psychological experiments. The main reason for this was because no one had figured out exactly which qualities of the experiments should be looked at before publishing. Between 1950 and 1954 the APA Committee on Psychological Tests met and discussed the issues surrounding the validation of psychological experiments.[2]
Around this time the term construct validity was first coined by Paul Meehl and Lee Cronbach in their seminal article " Validity In Psychological Tests". They noted the idea of construct validity was not new at that point. Rather, it was a combinations of many different types of validity dealing with theoretical concepts. They proposed the following three steps to evaluate construct validity:
articulating a set of theoretical concepts and their interrelations
developing ways to measure the hypothetical constructs proposed by the theory
empirically testing the hypothesized relations[2]
Many psychologists note that an important role of construct validation in psychometrics was that it place more emphasis on theory as opposed to validation. The core issue with validation was that a test could be validated, but that did not necessarily show that it measured the theoretical construct it purported to measure. Construct validity has three aspects or components: the substantive component, structural component, and external component.[11] They are related close to three stages in the test construction process: constitution of the pool of items, analysis and selection of the internal structure of the pool of items, and correlation of test scores with criteria and other variables.
In the 1970s there was growing debate between theorist who began to see construct validity as the dominant model pushing towards a more unified theory of validity and those who continued to work from multiple validity frameworks.[12] Many psychologists and education researchers saw "predictive, concurrent, and content validities as essentially ad hoc, construct validity was the whole of validity from a scientific point of view"[11] In the 1974 version of The Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing the inter-relatedness of the three different aspects of validity was recognized: "These aspects of validity can be discussed independently, but only for convenience. They are interrelated operationally and logically; only rarely is one of them alone important in a particular situation".
In 1989 Messick presented a new conceptualization of construct validity as a unified and multi-faceted concept.[13] Under this framework, all forms of validity are connected to and are dependent on the quality of the construct. He noted that a unified theory was not his own idea, but rather the culmination of debate and discussion within the scientific community over the preceding decades. There are six aspects of construct validity in Messick's unified theory of construct validity.[14] They examine six items that measure the quality of a test's construct validity:
Consequential – What are the potential risks if the scores are, in actuality, invalid or inappropriately interpreted? Is the test still worthwhile given the risks?
Content – Do test items appear to be measuring the construct of interest?
Substantive – Is the theoretical foundation underlying the construct of interest sound?
Structural – Do the interrelationships of dimensions measured by the test correlate with the construct of interest and test scores?
External – Does the test have convergent, discriminant, and predictive qualities?
Generalizability – Does the test generalize across different groups, settings and tasks?
How construct validity should be properly viewed is still a subject of debate for validity theorists. The core of the difference lies in an epistemological difference between positivist and postpositivist theorists.
Evaluation[edit]
Evaluation of construct validity requires that the correlations of the measure be examined in regard to variables that are known to be related to the construct (purportedly measured by the instrument being evaluated or for which there are theoretical grounds for expecting it to be related). This is consistent with the multitrait-multimethod matrix (MTMM) of examining construct validity described in Campbell and Fiske's landmark paper (1959).[15] There are other methods to evaluate construct validity besides MTMM. It can be evaluated through different forms of factor analysis, structural equation modeling (SEM), and other statistical evaluations.[16][17] It is important to note that a single study does not prove construct validity. Rather it is a continuous process of evaluation, reevaluation, refinement, and development. Correlations that fit the expected pattern contribute evidence of construct validity. Construct validity is a judgment based on the accumulation of correlations from numerous studies using the instrument being evaluated.[18]
Most researchers attempt to test the construct validity before the main research. To do this pilot studies may be utilized. Pilot studies are small scale preliminary studies aimed at testing the feasibility of a full-scale test. These pilot studies establish the strength of their research and allow them to make any necessary adjustments. Another method is the known-groups technique, which involves administering the measurement instrument to groups expected to differ due to known characteristics. Hypothesized relationship testing involves logical analysis based on theory or prior research.[3] Intervention studies are yet another method of evaluating construct validity. Intervention studies where a group with low scores in the construct is tested, taught the construct, and then re-measured can demonstrate a test's construct validity. If there is a significant difference pre-test and post-test, which are analyzed by statistical tests, then this may demonstrate good construct validity.[19]
Convergent and discriminant validity[edit]
Main articles: convergent validity and discriminant validity
Convergent and discriminant validity are the two subtypes of validity that make up construct validity. Convergent validity refers to the degree to which two measures of constructs that theoretically should be related, are in fact related. In contrast discriminant validity tests whether concepts or measurements that are supposed to be unrelated are, in fact, unrelated.[15] Take, for example, a construct of general happiness. If a measure of general happiness had convergent validity, then constructs similar to happiness (satisfaction, contentment, cheerfulness, etc.) should relate closely to the measure of general happiness. If this measure has discriminate validity, then constructs that are not supposed to be related to general happiness (sadness, depression, despair, etc.) should not relate to the measure of general happiness. Measures can have one of the subtypes of construct validity and not the other. Using the example of general happiness, a researcher could create an inventory where there is a very high correlation between general happiness and contentment, but if there is also a significant correlation between happiness and depression, then the measure's construct validity is called into question. The test has convergent validity but not discriminant validity.
Nomological network[edit]
Main article: nomological network
Lee Cronbach and Paul Meehl (1955)[2] proposed that the development of a nomological net was essential to measurement of a test's construct validity. A nomological network defines a construct by illustrating its relation to other constructs and behaviors. It is a representation of the concepts (constructs) of interest in a study, their observable manifestations and the interrelationship among them. It examines whether the relationships between similar construct are considered with relationships between the observed measures of the constructs. Thorough observation of constructs relationships to each other it can generate new constructs. For example, intelligence and working memory are considered highly related constructs. Through the observation of their underlying components psychologists developed new theoretical constructs such as: controlled attention[20] and short term loading.[21] Creating a nomological net can also make the observation and measurement of existing constructs more efficient by pinpointing errors.[2] Researchers have found that studying the bumps on the human skull (phrenology) are not indicators of intelligence, but volume of the brain is. Removing the theory of phrenology from the nomological net of intelligence and adding the theory of brain mass evolution, constructs of intelligence are made more efficient and more powerful. The weaving of all of these interrelated concepts and their observable traits creates a "net" that supports their theoretical concept. For example, in the nomological network for academic achievement, we would expect observable traits of academic achievement (i.e. GPA, SAT, and ACT scores) to relate to the observable traits for studiousness (hours spent studying, attentiveness in class, detail of notes). If they do not then there is a problem with measurement (of academic achievement or studiousness), or with the purported theory of achievement. If they are indicators of one another then the nomological network, and therefore the constructed theory, of academic achievement is strengthened. Although the nomological network proposed a theory of how to strengthen constructs, it doesn't tell us how we can assess the construct validity in a study.
Multitrait-multimethod matrix[edit]
Main article: Multitrait-multimethod matrix
The multitrait-multimethod matrix (MTMM) is an approach to examining construct validity developed by Campbell and Fiske (1959).[15] This model examines convergence (evidence that different measurement methods of a construct give similar results) and discriminability (ability to differentiate the construct from other related constructs). It measures six traits: the evaluation of convergent validity, the evaluation of discriminant (divergent) validity, trait-method units, multitrait-multimethods, truly different methodologies, and trait characteristics. This design allows investigators to test for: "convergence across different measures...of the same ‘thing’...and for divergence between measures...of related but conceptually distinct 'things'.[22][23]
Threats to construct validity[edit]
Apparent construct validity can be misleading due to a range of problems in hypothesis formulation and experimental design.
Hypothesis guessing: If the participant knows, or guesses, the desired end-result, the participant's actions may change.[24] An example is the Hawthorne effect: in a 1925 industrial ergonomics study conducted at the Hawthorne Works factory outside Chicago, experimenters observed that both lowering and brightening the ambient light levels improved worker productivity. They eventually determined the basis for this paradoxical result: workers who were aware of being observed worked harder no matter what the change in the environment.
Bias in experimental design (intentional or unintentional). An example of this is provided in Stephen Jay Gould's 1981 book, "The Mismeasure of Man".[25] Among the questions used around the time of World War I in the battery used to measure intelligence was, "In which city do the Dodgers play?" (they were then based in Brooklyn). Recent immigrants to the USA from Eastern Europe unfamiliar with the sport of baseball got the answer wrong, and this was used to infer that Eastern Europeans had lower intelligence. The question did not measure intelligence: it only measured how long one had lived in the USA and become accultured to a popular pastime.
Researcher expectations may be communicated unintentionally to the participants non-verbally, eliciting the desired effect. To control for this possibility, double-blind experimental designs should be used where possible. That is, the evaluator of a particular participant should be unaware of what intervention has been performed on that particular participant, or should be independent of the experimenter.
Defining predicted outcome too narrowly.[26] For instance, using only job satisfaction to measure happiness will exclude relevant information from outside the workplace.
Confounding variables (covariates): The root cause for the observed effects may be due to variables that have not been considered or measured.[27]
An in-depth exploration of the threats to construct validity is presented in Trochim.[28]
See also[edit]
Statistical conclusion validity
Internal validity
Ecological validity
Content validity
External validity
Reliability (psychometrics)
Face validity
Logical validity
Lee J. Cronbach
Paul E. Meehl
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Brown, J. D. (1996). Testing in language programs. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall Regents.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Cronbach, L. J.; Meehl, P.E. (1955). "Construct Validity in Psychological Tests". Psychological Bulletin. 52 (4): 281–302. doi:10.1037/h0040957. PMID 13245896.
^ Jump up to: a b Polit DF Beck CT (2012). Nursing Research: Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice, 9th ed. Philadelphia, USA: Wolters Klower Health, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Jump up ^ Guion, R. M. (1980). "On trinitarian doctrines of validity". Professional Psychology. 11: 385–398. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.11.3.385.
Jump up ^ Brown, J. D. (1996). Testing in language programs. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall Regents.
Jump up ^ Messick, S. (1995). "Validity of psychological assessment: Validation of inferences from persons' responses and performances as scientific inquiry into score meaning". American Psychologist. 50: 741–749. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.50.9.741.
Jump up ^ Schotte, C. K. W.; Maes, M.; Cluydts, R.; De Doncker, D.; Cosyns, P. (1997). "Construct validity of the Beck Depression Inventory in a depressive population". Journal of Affective Disorders. 46 (2): 115–125. doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(97)00094-3.
Jump up ^ Messick, Samuel (1998). "Test validity: A matter of consequence". Social Indicators Research. 45 (1-3): 35–44. doi:10.1023/a:1006964925094.
Jump up ^ Pennington, Donald (2003). Essential Personality. Arnold. ISBN 0-340-76118-0.
Jump up ^ Wieland, A., Durach, C.F., Kembro, J. & Treiblmaier, H. (2017), Statistical and judgmental criteria for scale purification, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 22, No. 4, https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-07-2016-0230
^ Jump up to: a b Loevinger J (1957). "Objective Tests As Instruments Of Psychological Theory: Monograph Supplement 9". Psychological reports. 3 (3): 635–694. doi:10.2466/pr0.1957.3.3.635.
Jump up ^ Kane, M. T. (2006). "Validation". Educational measurement. 4: 17–64.
Jump up ^ Messick,, S. (1989). "Validity.". In R. L. Linn (Ed.),. Educational Measurement (3rd ed., pp. 13-103). New York: American Council on Education/Macmillan.
Jump up ^ Messick,, S. (1995). "Standards of validity and the validity of standards in performance assessment". Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice. 14 (4,): 5–8. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3992.1995.tb00881.x.
^ Jump up to: a b c Campbell D. T. (1959). "Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix". Psychological Bulletin. 56: 81–105. doi:10.1037/h0046016.
Jump up ^ Hammond, K. R., Hamm, R. M., & Grassia, J. (1986). Generalizing over conditions by combining the multitrait multimethod matrix and the representative design of experiments (No. CRJP-255A). Colorado University At Boulder Center For Research On Judgment And Policy.
Jump up ^ Westen Drew; Rosenthal Robert (2003). "Quantifying construct validity: Two simple measures". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 84 (3): 608–618. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.3.608.
Jump up ^ Peter, J. P. (1981). Construct validity: a review of basic issues and marketing practices. Journal of Marketing Research, 133-145.
Jump up ^ Dimitrov D. M.; Rumrill Jr P. D. (2003). "Pretest-posttest designs and measurement of change". Work: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment and Rehabilitation. 20 (2): 159–165.
Jump up ^ Engle, R. W., Kane, M. J., & Tuholski, S. W. (1999). Individual differences in working memory capacity and what they tell us about controlled attention, general fluid intelligence, and functions of the prefrontal cortex. In A. Miyake, & P. Shah (Eds.),Models of working memory (pp. 102−134). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jump up ^ Ackerman P. L.; Beier M. E.; Boyle M. O. (2002). "Individual differences in working memory within a nomological network of cognitive and perceptual speed abilities". Journal of Experimental Psychology-General. 131: 567–589. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.131.4.567.
Jump up ^ Cook T. D.; Campbell D. T. (1979). Quasi-experimentation. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Jump up ^ Edgington, E. S. (1974). "A new tabulation of statistical procedures used in APA journals". American Psychologist. 29: 61. doi:10.1037/h0035846.
Jump up ^ McCroskey, J. C., Richmond, V. P., & McCroskey, L. L. (2006). An introduction to communication in the classroom: The role of communication in teaching and training. Boston: Allyn & Bacon
Jump up ^ Gould, S. J. (1996). The Mismeasure of Man. 2nd edition. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
Jump up ^ MacKenzie S. B. (2003). "The dangers of poor construct conceptualization". Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. 31 (3): 323–326. doi:10.1177/0092070303031003011.
Jump up ^ White D.; Hultquist R. A. (1965). "Construction of confounding plans for mixed factorial designs". The Annals of Mathematical Statistics. 36: 1256–1271. doi:10.1214/aoms/1177699997.
Jump up ^ Threats to Construct Validity, Trochim, William M. The Research Methods Knowledge Base, 2nd Edition.
External links[edit]
Useful reference guide for research terms
Provides a visual representation of the nomological network
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(Margie's At) The Lincoln Park Inn
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"(Margie's At) The Lincoln Park Inn"
Single by Bobby Bare
from the album Margie's At The Lincoln Park Inn
Released
March 1969
Format
7"
Recorded
1968
Genre
Country
Length
3:21
Label
RCA Records
Songwriter(s)
Tom T. Hall
Bobby Bare singles chronology
"Town That Broke My Heart"
(1968) "(Margie's At) The Lincoln Park Inn"
(1969) "Which One Will It Be"
(1969)
"Town That Broke My Heart"
(1968) "(Margie's At) The Lincoln Park Inn"
(1969) "Which One Will It Be"
(1969)
"(Margie's At) The Lincoln Park Inn" is a song made famous by country music singer Bobby Bare. Written by Tom T. Hall, the song became a major hit for Bare in the spring of 1969, peaking at No. 4 on Billboard magazine's Hot Country Singles chart.
Contents
1 Song plot
2 Chart performance
3 Cover versions
4 References
Song plot[edit]
The song is told first-person style through the eyes of a family man, who describes everyday domestic life in the verses of his song. However, this is all background, as the main subject of the song is about his recent adulterous relationship with a woman named Margie. The two, as the song's title implies, had a sexual liaison at a motel called the Lincoln Park Inn.
The protagonist regrets his affair, and states that he has made a promise not to cheat anymore. However, he still harbors deep temptation for Margie ("I know why she's there/I've been there before"), and — still having her telephone number — knows full well that she is often a client at the inn and is probably there as he speaks.
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (1969)
Peak
position
U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles 4
Canadian RPM Country Tracks 7
Cover versions[edit]
In addition to Bare and Hall, "The Lincoln Park Inn" (as the song is sometimes known) has also been recorded by country performers Johnny Darrell, Johnny Duncan, Jimmy C. Newman, Ray Price, The Statler Brothers, Cal Smith, Mel Tillis, and Jack White.
References[edit]
"(Margie's At) The Lincoln Park Inn" at Allmusic.
Whitburn, Joel, "Top Country Songs: 1944-2005," 2006.
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"Just to Satisfy You"
"(Margie's At) The Lincoln Park Inn"
"Marie Laveau"
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"No Memories Hangin' Round" (with Rosanne Cash)
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Criminal Minds (season 6)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Criminal Minds (season 6)
DVD cover art
Starring
Joe Mantegna
Paget Brewster
Shemar Moore
Matthew Gray Gubler
Kirsten Vangsness
Rachel Nichols
Thomas Gibson
A.J. Cook
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
24
Release
Original network
CBS
Original release
September 22, 2010 (2010-09-22) – May 18, 2011 (2011-05-18)
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 5
Next →
Season 7
List of Criminal Minds episodes
The sixth season of Criminal Minds premiered on CBS on September 22, 2010 and ended May 18, 2011.
Before the filming of the season began, it was announced that A.J. Cook had been let go from the series, reportedly due to budget cuts on the show relating to the launch of the Criminal Minds spinoff.[1] Thanks to letters and petitions by fans, Cook was allowed to return for two episodes to wrap up her character's storyline. She later returned as a special guest star in two subsequent episodes of this season. Paget Brewster was a regular for eighteen episodes and was let go from the series as well. Rachel Nichols appeared as a guest star for two episodes and was then promoted as a regular, but was fired after the season finale.[2]
The opening sequence was changed as of this season: more sound and visual effects were added; the theme song itself was amplified, and an electric guitar part added.
Contents
[hide]
1 Cast
1.1 Main
1.2 Recurring
2 Guest stars
3 Episodes
4 Home media
5 References
6 External links
Cast[edit]
Main[edit]
Joe Mantegna as David Rossi
Paget Brewster as Emily Prentiss
Shemar Moore as Derek Morgan
Matthew Gray Gubler as Dr. Spencer Reid
A. J. Cook as Jennifer "JJ" Jareau
Kirsten Vangsness as Penelope Garcia
Rachel Nichols as Ashley Seaver
Thomas Gibson as Aaron "Hotch" Hotchner
Recurring[edit]
Jayne Atkinson as Erin Strauss
Cade Owens as Jack Hotchner
Timothy V. Murphy as Ian Doyle
Sebastian Roché as Clyde Easter
Siena Goines as Tsia Mosely
Nicholas Brendon as Kevin Lynch
A. J. Cook as Jennifer "JJ" Jareau
Guest stars[edit]
Michael Welch appears in the episode "J.J." as Sydney Xavier Pearson.
In the season premiere "The Longest Night", Tim Curry reprised his role as one of the series' most notorious criminals, Billy Flynn, also known as "The Prince of Darkness". Robert Davi reprised his role as Detective Adam Kurzbard, who led the investigation of the murders. In the episode "J.J.", Chris Marquette guest-starred as James Barrett, a man who abducted and attempted to murder Kate Joyce. In the episode "Remembrance of Things Past", Daniel J. Travanti guest-starred as Lee Mullens, a serial killer who suffers from alzheimer's disease. In the episode "Compromising Positions", Craig Sheffer guest-starred as James Thomas, an impotent serial killer who murders married couples.
Ernie Hudson appears in the episode "Devil's Night" as Lt. Al Garner.
In the episode "Safe Haven", Sterling Beaumon guest-starred as Jeremy Sayers, a juvenile delinquent and family annihilator who has been hated by his mother ever since he was born. Mare Winningham guest-starred as Nancy Riverton, a mother who allows Jeremy to stay in their home for the night. In the episode "Devil's Night", Leonard Roberts guest-starred as Kaman Scott, a disfigured serial killer who burns his victims alive during Devil's Night, the notorious pre-Halloween celebration. In the episode "Middle Man", Steve Talley, Michael Grant Terry, and Jake Thomas guest-starred as Michael Kosina, Christopher Salters, and Scott Kagan, aka "The Johnson County Brotherhood", a trio of serial rapists and killers who abduct exotic dancers. Melissa Claire Egan guest starred as Tara Dice, an exotic dancer who is questioned by Prentiss and Reid.
Justine Ezarik appears in the episode "Middle Man" as Meredith Joy.
In the episode "Reflection of Desire", Robert Knepper guest-starred as Rhett Walden, also known as "The Hill Ripper", a schizophrenic abductor who idolizes the movie Reflection of Desire, a film his deceased mother starred in. Sally Kirkland guest-starred as May Walden, a famous actress from Hollywood's Golden Age who, because of her pregnancy, made only one motion picture, and her career was ruined afterwards. Whitney Able guest-starred as Penny Hanley, a woman Walden abducts after Kelly Landis' murder. In the episode "Into the Woods", Gattlin Griffith guest-starred as Robert Brooks, a young boy who is abducted and raped by Shane Wyland. Emily Alyn Lind guest-starred as Anna Brooks, Robert's younger sister who is also abducted by Wyland.
Empire star Kaitlin Doubleday appears in the episode "Reflection of Desire" as Kelly Landis.
In the episode "What Happens at Home", Kenneth Mitchell guest-starred as Drew Jacobs, a serial killer who murders several women, including his own wife. Madison Leisle guest starred as Jacobs' daughter, Heather. In the episode "25 to Life", Kyle Secor guest-starred as Donald Sanderson, a man who was framed and imprisoned for the murder of his family, and Philip Casnoff guest-starred as James Stanworth, the man responsible for framing Sanderson and murdering his family. Angus Macfadyen guest-starred as Sean McCallister, Emily Prentiss' former boss at Interpol who is murdered by one of the series most notorious criminals, Ian Doyle, played by Timothy V. Murphy. In the episode "The Thirteenth Step", Jonathan Tucker and Adrianne Palicki guest-starred as Raymond Donovan and Sydney Manning, two young lovers who go on a killing spree.
L.A. Law star Corbin Bernsen appears in the episode "Today I Do" as Jerry Grandin.
In the episode "Today I Do", Rebecca Field guest-starred as Jane Gold, a stalker and abductor who acts as a caretaker so she can be appreciated. Rachel Miner guest-starred as Molly Grandin, a woman who Gold abducts and holds captive in her house. In the episode "Coda", Lew Temple guest-starred as Bill Thomas, a man who abducts the parents of Sammy Sparks, a boy who has autism. Mimi Kennedy guest-starred as Sammy's social worker Mrs. Rogers. In the episode "Lauren", Patrick Fischler guest-starred as Jack Fahey, an Irish mobster and an associate of Ian Doyle. In the episode "With Friends Like These", Bug Hall guest-starred as Ben Foster, a schizophrenic spree killer who, after burning down a church, begins hallucinating three people who died there.
Romy Rosemont appears in the episode "Coda" as Elizabeth Sparks.
In the episode "Hanley Waters", Kelli Williams guest-starred as Shelly Chamberlain, a spree killer who is unable to come to terms with the death of her son, who died in a car crash. In the episode "Out of the Light", Jeffrey Meek guest-starred as Robert Bremmer, a serial killer who raped his stepdaughter, Rose, and began abducting, raping, and murdering women who resemble Rose. In the season finale "Supply and Demand", Angela Sarafyan guest-starred as Lucy, the leader of a human trafficking ring who poses as one of the victims. Amy Price-Francis guest-starred as Supervisory Special Agent Andi Swann, the Unit Chief of the Domestic Trafficking Task Force and Sarah Foret guest-starred as Renee Matlin, an FBI undercover agent who is held captive within the ring.
Episodes[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)
115
1 "The Longest Night" Edward Allen Bernero Edward Allen Bernero September 22, 2010 (2010-09-22) 601 14.13[3]
With Detective Spicer dead and the "Prince of Darkness" (Tim Curry) still at large in Los Angeles, California, the BAU sets out to capture him and save Spicer's daughter before he can take another life.
116
2 "JJ" Charles S. Carroll Erica Messer September 29, 2010 (2010-09-29) 602 14.57[4]
While contemplating a major job promotion that she cannot ignore, J.J. assists the team in aiding a couple whose daughter mysteriously vanished. The case becomes further complicated when the only two suspects in the case are able to pass a polygraph test, despite being last seen with the victim and having a viable motive to take her. Based on the disappearance of Natalee Holloway.
117
3 "Remembrance of Things Past" Glenn Kershaw Janine Sherman Barrois October 6, 2010 (2010-10-06) 604 13.87[5]
Still reeling from J.J.'s departure, the team travels to Bristol, Virginia to help with a case of murdered young women that bears the hallmarks of an uncaught serial killer Rossi investigated 25 years ago, called "The Butcher." Though the new string of killings appear to be copycat crimes, Rossi is convinced it may be the work of the original killer (Daniel J. Travanti).
118
4 "Compromising Positions" Guy Norman Bee Breen Frazier October 13, 2010 (2010-10-13) 603 14.00[6]
The BAU travels to Akron, Ohio to investigate a series of murders of couples, who are forced to have sex before being murdered. Meanwhile, Hotch looks for someone to fill J.J.'s role on the team.
119
5 "Safe Haven" Andy Wolk Alicia Kirk October 20, 2010 (2010-10-20) 605 14.46[7]
The BAU team is called to Omaha, Nebraska to investigate the murders of entire families. Profiling becomes a somewhat difficult task for the team after concluding that each family member is killed differently from the next. With the unsub hunting for another family, the BAU must hurry. Also, Morgan receives a visit from someone unexpected from a previous case.
120
6 "Devil's Night" Charlie Haid Randy Huggins October 27, 2010 (2010-10-27) 606 13.94[8]
After several people are found burned alive once a year before Halloween, the BAU is called in to Detroit to investigate. The team later finds out that the victims chosen by the unsub are not random.
121
7 "Middle Man" Rob Spera Rick Dunkle November 3, 2010 (2010-11-03) 607 14.58[9]
When the bodies of exotic dancers are found murdered in the corn fields near Edinburgh, Indiana two days after being kidnapped, the BAU must race against time when they realize they only have two days to find the latest victim who has just been kidnapped. The unsub's true nature is revealed after he watches the reports of his killings on the news.
122
8 "Reflection of Desire" Anna Foerster Simon Mirren November 10, 2010 (2010-11-10) 608 12.56[10]
After Kelly Landis, a woman missing for three days, is found dead, the BAU is called in when the D.C. Police cannot connect the death to any previous cases. They call in the BAU because of the unsub's style of killing: cutting off his victim's lips. The unsub is easier to identify after Garcia reveals some of her personal life.
123
9 "Into the Woods" Glenn Kershaw Kimberly Ann Harrison November 17, 2010 (2010-11-17) 609 14.39[11]
The BAU team has to go deep into the forests of the Appalachian Trail after a young boy is found murdered near Hot Springs, North Carolina. The unsub appears to be a man who targets young boys in the wilderness. Soon enough, another boy is abducted and the BAU must act fast before a life is lost.
124
10 "What Happens at Home" Jan Eliasberg Edward Allen Bernero December 8, 2010 (2010-12-08) 610 14.23[12]
The BAU searches for a killer targeting women in Las Cruces, New Mexico. Meanwhile, Hotch looks into a FBI trainee with an interesting past to help them during the investigation.
125
11 "25 to Life" Charles S. Carroll Erica Messer December 15, 2010 (2010-12-15) 611 13.77[13]
Morgan testifies that a convicted murderer should be released on parole but regrets his decision when, only days later, the man apparently kills somebody. However, when the team reviews his past and the newest victim, they learn some surprising details that could prove that the man did not actually commit the crime that he was put behind bars for.
126
12 "Corazon" John Gallagher Katarina Wittich January 19, 2011 (2011-01-19) 612 12.02[14]
As the BAU investigates a series of ritual murders in Miami, Reid suffers from multiple blinding headaches.
127
13 "The Thirteenth Step" Doug Aarniokoski Janine Sherman Barrois January 26, 2011 (2011-01-26) 613 12.77[15]
Two young lovers embark on a murderous rampage in Miles City, Montana that sends the BAU team to investigate and stop them before they claim more victims. Also, Prentiss receives shocking news from her previous boss at Interpol.
128
14 "Sense Memory" Rob Spera Randy Huggins February 9, 2011 (2011-02-09) 614 13.67[16]
The BAU is summoned to Los Angeles to investigate a series of unusual murders and Prentiss sheds some light on her past before she joined the BAU.
129
15 "Today I Do" Ali Selim Alicia Kirk February 16, 2011 (2011-02-16) 615 12.85[17]
The team tracks down a bogus self-motivational coach who tortures and kills her patients in Syracuse, New York. Meanwhile, Prentiss also receives some disturbing news about one of her former colleagues.
130
16 "Coda" Rob Hardy Rick Dunkle February 23, 2011 (2011-02-23) 616 13.15[18]
As Reid tries to make a connection with an autistic child to help in finding the boy's missing parents in Lafayette, Louisiana, Prentiss enlists two former Interpol colleagues, one of whom being her former Unit Chief (Sebastian Roché), in hunting an old nemesis.
131
17 "Valhalla" Charles S. Carroll Simon Mirren & Erica Messer March 2, 2011 (2011-03-02) 617 14.37[19]
Prentiss begins to feel the heat after she and Morgan assist in solving a series of suspicious murders that involves Prentiss's old Interpol nemesis, Ian Doyle.
132
18 "Lauren" Matthew Gray Gubler Breen Frazier March 16, 2011 (2011-03-16) 618 13.73[20]
When Prentiss disappears to face off against her archenemy, Ian Doyle, the BAU call in J.J. hoping she can help them find Emily and capture Doyle before it is too late.
133
19 "With Friends Like These..." Anna J. Foerster Janine Sherman Barrois March 30, 2011 (2011-03-30) 619 13.05[21]
The BAU is called to Portland, Oregon, to assist in catching a pack of killers who enjoys targeting victims. However, as the investigation deepens, they learn that the crimes aren't what they seem to be.
134
20 "Hanley Waters" Jesse Warn Alicia Kirk & Randy Huggins April 6, 2011 (2011-04-06) 620 14.08[22]
As the BAU investigates targeted killings in Tampa, Florida, they deal with their own feelings about the loss of Prentiss.
135
21 "The Stranger" Nelson McCormick Kimberly Ann Harrison & Rick Dunkle April 13, 2011 (2011-04-13) 621 13.59[23]
The BAU hunts a stalker in San Diego who is targeting college students. Meanwhile, the team comes under Strauss' scrutiny in the wake of the loss of Prentiss.
136
22 "Out of the Light" Doug Aarniokoski Roger Hedden May 4, 2011 (2011-05-04) 622 12.90[24]
The BAU is called to the small town of Sharpsburg, North Carolina, after a woman is found badly injured and another woman is missing. On arrival, the team discovers these two women are not the only victims.
137
23 "Big Sea" Glenn Kershaw Jim Clemente & Breen Frazier May 11, 2011 (2011-05-11) 623 13.29[25]
The discovery of bodies buried in the ocean floor off Jacksonville, Florida, prompts the BAU to intervene; Morgan's aunt suspects her missing daughter may be among the dead.
138
24 "Supply & Demand" Charles S. Carroll Erica Messer May 18, 2011 (2011-05-18) 624 12.84[26]
The team tries to close a challenging case involving two bodies and a human trafficking organization in Hudson, Wisconsin. In addition, Hotch warns the team of possible changes in the team while a familiar face unexpectedly returns to their ranks.
Home media[edit]
The Complete Sixth Season
Set details Special features
24 episodes
6-disc set
Aspect Ratio: 1.85:1
Subtitles: English
English: Dolby Digital 5.1
Making Criminal Minds Season 6
Crime Scenes
From Script to Screen: Agent Down
Greg St. Johns' CMS6 Yearbook
Gag Reel
Deleted Scenes
DVD release date
Region 1 Region 2 Region 4
September 6, 2011 (2011-09-06)[27] November 28, 2011 (2011-11-28)[28] November 30, 2011 (2011-11-30)[29]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (June 14, 2010). "'Criminal Minds' drops A.J. Cook". Entertainment Weekly.
Jump up ^ http://www.deadline.com/2011/05/paget-brewster-returning-to-criminal-minds-next-season-rachel-nichols-leaving/
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (September 28, 2010). "TV Ratings Broadcast Top 25: 'Sunday Night Football', 'Glee,' 'Grey's Anatomy,' 'Dancing with the Stars' Top Premiere Week". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved September 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (September 30, 2010). "Wednesday Finals: Better With You, The Middle, Modern Family, Survivor, Law & Order: SVU, Law & Order: LA Adjusted Up; Cougar Town, Whole Truth Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (October 7, 2010). "Wednesday Finals: Survivor, The Middle, Modern Family, SVU, The Defenders Up; Cougar Town, The Whole Truth Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (October 14, 2010). "Wednesday Finals: Survivor, Middle, Modern Family, L&O:SVU, Top Model Adjusted Up; 20/20, Undercovers Down". TV by The Numbers. Retrieved October 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (October 21, 2010). "Wednesday Finals: Survivor, Buster Posey (NLCS), Criminal Minds The Defenders, Law & Order: SVU Adjusted Up; The Whole Truth Down". TV by The Numbers. Retrieved October 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (October 28, 2010). "Wednesday Finals: Survivor: Nicaragua, The Middle Adjusted Up; The Whole Truth Down". TV by The Numbers. Retrieved October 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (November 4, 2010). "Wednesday Finals: Criminal Minds, Law & Order: SVU Adjusted Up". TV by The Numbers. Archived from the original on November 6, 2010. Retrieved November 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (November 11, 2010). "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'Criminal Minds', 'America's Next Top Model' Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 11, 2010.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (November 18, 2010). "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'Modern Family', 'Criminal Minds' Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 18, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (December 9, 2010). "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'Modern Family,' 'The Sing Off' Adjusted Up; 'The Middle' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 9, 2010.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (December 16, 2010). "Updated Wednesday Final Ratings: Criminal Minds, Human Target Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (January 20, 2011). "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'The Middle,' 'Better With You,' 'Cougar Town' Adjusted Down; 'Criminal Minds' Adjusted Up". Tv by the Numbers. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (January 27, 2011). "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'Blue Bloods' Adjusted Up; 'Cougar Town,' 'Live to Dance' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 27, 2011.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (February 10, 2011). "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'Blue Bloods,' 'Human Target' Adjusted Down, 'Modern Family,' 'Better with You' Up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 10, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (February 17, 2011). "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'American Idol' Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (February 24, 2011). "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'Mr. Sunshine,' 'Survivor,' 'Criminal Minds,' 'CM: Suspect Behavior' All Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (March 3, 2011). "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'American Idol' Adjusted Up; 'Better With You' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (March 17, 2011). "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'American Idol,' 'Survivor,' 'Minute,' 'Top Model' Adjusted Up; 'Off The Map,' 'Criminal Minds: SB' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (March 31, 2011). "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'American Idol,' 'Survivor,' 'Criminal Minds,' 'Law & Order:SVU,' 'Minute' Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 31, 2011.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (April 7, 2011). "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'Law & Order: SVU,' 'Survivor,' 'American Idol' Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (April 14, 2011). "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'American Idol,' 'Modern Family,' 'Happy Endings,' 'Survivor,' 'Criminal Minds,' 'Suspect Behavior' Adjusted Up; 'Breaking In,' 'Minute,' 'Shedding' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 14, 2011.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (May 5, 2011). "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'American Idol,' 'Survivor,' 'Modern Family,' 'Law & Order: SVU' Adjusted Up; 'Breaking In' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (May 12, 2011). "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'American Idol,' 'The Middle' 'Better With You,' 'Modern Family,' 'Survivor' Adjusted Up; 'Breaking In,' 'Cougar Town' Adj. Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (May 19, 2011). "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'American Idol,' 'Modern Family,' 'Law & Order: SVU' Adjusted Up; 'Happy Endings' Adj. Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 19, 2011.
Jump up ^ Lambert, David (June 20, 2011). "Criminal Minds - 'The 6th Season' DVDs Announced by CBS/Paramount: Date, Cost, & Packaging!". TVShowsOnDVD. Retrieved June 20, 2011.
Jump up ^ ASIN B004JHXWD2, Criminal Minds Season 6 [DVD]
Jump up ^ "Criminal Minds - Season 6 (DVD)". EzyDVD. Retrieved November 25, 2014.
External links[edit]
Criminal Minds on IMDb
Criminal Minds at TV.com
[hide]
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Criminal Minds
Criminal Minds
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Elle Greenaway
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Video game
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