text:
The Thanos Quest
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The Thanos Quest
Thanos features on the cover of The Thanos Quest #1 (Sep. 1990).
Publication information
Publisher
Marvel Comics
Format
Mini-series
Genre
Publication date
Sep. – Oct. 1990
No. of issues
2
Main character(s)
Thanos
Creative team
Written by
Jim Starlin
Penciller(s)
Ron Lim
Inker(s)
John Beatty
Colorist(s)
Tom Vincent
Collected editions
Rebirth Of Thanos
ISBN 0-7851-2046-7
The Thanos Quest is a two-issue comic book limited series published in September and October 1990 by Marvel Comics. The series was written by Jim Starlin, and drawn by Ron Lim.
The storyline is a continuation of events involving resurrected Starlin-character Thanos,[1] featured in the title Silver Surfer.[2] The storyline leads directly into three consecutive limited series, The Infinity Gauntlet, The Infinity War, and Infinity Crusade.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot summary
2 Collected editions
3 References
4 External links
Plot summary[edit]
Recently resurrected by Death in order to wipe out half of the population of the universe, the Titan Thanos discovers the true nature of the six Infinity Gems after gazing into Death's Infinity Well. Convincing Death that possession of the gems will aid him tremendously in his quest, he gains her permission to seek them out from the cosmic entities that currently possess them.
In Part One of the Thanos Quest, Thanos first travels to the Nexus of Reality where the "concept being" known as the In-Betweener is being imprisoned by Lord Chaos and Master Order; after freeing him from the sphere in which he is being incarcerated, Thanos forcibly takes the Soul Gem from the In-Betweener, whose powers are useless at the heart of the realm of Chaos and Order.
Thanos next seeks out the Champion of the Universe on a planet called Tamarata, where he has been testing his combat prowess against the planet's numerous armies. Challenging him to single combat, Thanos tricks the Champion into destroying the planet and stranding himself in space. He then offers the Champion transportation to the nearest planet in exchange for the Champion's Power Gem, to which the Champion agrees, believing that the gem has never functioned, but not realizing that he has tapped into its power reserves subconsciously. Thanos upholds his part of the bargain, but jettisons the Champion into the unnamed planet's atmosphere, leaving him to plummet to the planet's surface. His reasoning is that he had never promised the Champion a "soft landing."
Thanos's next target is the Gardener, who has been in possession of the Time Gem and has used its powers to create a garden of unparalleled beauty. After a short and seemingly peaceful discussion, the Gardener attempts to use the power of his gem to strangle Thanos in various items of vegetation; using the Power Gem, Thanos breaks free and turns the Gardener's creations against him before taking the gem.
In Part Two, Thanos contacts the Collector, with whom he has apparently had an amicable past and who has been monitoring his activities since Thanos's encounter with the Champion. Thanos informs the Collector that he will soon be coming into possession of a treasure so rare that the Collector will gladly part with his gem in trade for it.
Thanos then seeks out the Runner, who has been using the Space Gem in order to make himself the fastest being in existence. After the Runner destroys Thanos's craft, Thanos reveals to him that he has discovered the true nature of the Infinity Gems; that they are, in fact, the physical remnants of a godlike being that existed before the creation of our universe, and who committed a form of cosmic suicide out of loneliness. He then uses the Time gem taken from the Gardener to turn the Runner first into an extremely old and decrepit man, and then into an infant. With the infant Runner in hand, he teleports back to the Collector's ship and proceeds to trade the Runner for the Collector's gem, which Thanos demonstrates to the astonished Collector has the ability to control reality. The Collector begs Thanos to leave, which he does... but only after allowing the Runner to revert to his normal age and form to take out his anger on the Collector.
Thanos's final target is the Grandmaster, a consummate games-man. With the final gem, the Mind Gem, imprisoned in a random teleportation device that will only deactivate with his death, he informs Thanos that he cannot have the gem until he bests him in a game of his choosing. The two then compete in a virtual reality combat game, which Thanos seems to win until it is shown that the Grandmaster had sabotaged Thanos's weaponry. However, Thanos then reveals that the body with which the Grandmaster had been competing was merely a robotic clone of Thanos; its destruction being inconsequential, the real Thanos proceeds to destroy the gaming equipment, killing the Grandmaster and freeing the Mind Gem.
Thanos returns to Death's sanctum with the six Infinity Gems in his possession, boasting of his achievement and his new-found status as Death's equal. Death congratulates his accomplishment, though still speaks to him through her various minions. When Thanos demands that Death address him personally as her mate, she points out to him, again through her minions, with his newly achieved status of omnipotence, Thanos is not her equal, but her superior, and that it would therefore not be fitting for her to address him directly. Thanos destroys the minion in a fit of anger and stalks from Death's throne room, trying to comprehend his miscalculation, and finally wondering, while shedding a tear, how becoming a god could prove such a hollow victory.[3]
Collected editions[edit]
The series has been reprinted a number of times, first in a 2000 one-shot[4][5] and then as part of the Rebirth of Thanos trade paperback which brought together all the pre-Infinity Gauntlet issues dealing with Thanos's return:
Silver Surfer: Rebirth Of Thanos (collects Silver Surfer #34-38, The Thanos Quest mini-series, and "The Final Flower!" from Logan's Run #6, 224 pages, April 2006, ISBN 0-7851-2046-7)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Silver Surfer vol. 3, #34 (Feb. 1990)
Jump up ^ Silver Surfer vol. 3, #34 - 43 (Feb. - Nov. 1990)
Jump up ^ The Thanos Quest #1 - 2 (Sep. - Oct. 1990)
Jump up ^ "Thanos Quest" at the Grand Comics Database
Jump up ^ "Thanos Quest" at the Comic Book DB
External links[edit]
'Thanos Quest' at the Grand Comics Database
Thanos Quest at the Comic Book DB
[hide]
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Thanos
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Storylines
The Thanos Quest
The Infinity Gauntlet
The Infinity War
The Infinity Crusade
Infinity Abyss
Annihilation
The Thanos Imperative
Thanos Rising
Infinity
Allies
Adam Warlock
Annihilus
Black Order
Black Dwarf
Black Swan
Corvus Glaive
Ebony Maw
Proxima Midnight
Death
Hela
Mephisto
Nebula
Enemies
Avengers
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Captain America
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Doctor Doom
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Gamora
Guardians of the Galaxy
Hawkeye
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Ka-Zar
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Kronos
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Mentor
Moondragon
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Nova
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S.H.I.E.L.D.
Spider-Man
Squirrel Girl
Starfox
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X-Men
Team affiliations
Infinity Watch
Secret Defenders
Black Order
The Cabal
Related items
Cosmic Cube
Infinity Gems
Darkseid
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2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
2018 ICC Cricket World Cup Qualifier
Dates
4–25 March 2018
Administrator(s)
International Cricket Council
Cricket format
One Day International
List A cricket
Tournament format(s)
Round-robin and Knockout
Host(s)
Zimbabwe
Champions
Afghanistan (1st title)
Participants
10
Matches played
34
Player of the series
Sikandar Raza
Most runs
Brendan Taylor (457)
Most wickets
Safyaan Sharif (17)
Mujeeb Ur Rahman (17)
Rashid Khan (17)
Official website
www.icc-cricket.com
← 2014
2022 →
The 2018 ICC Cricket World Cup Qualifier was a cricket tournament that took place during March 2018 in Zimbabwe.[1] It decided the final qualification for the 2019 World Cup, to be played in England and Wales.[2] The top two teams, Afghanistan and the West Indies, qualified for the World Cup, joining the hosts and the seven teams who had already qualified through their ranking in the ICC ODI Championship.[3] Afghanistan won the tournament, beating the West Indies by 7 wickets in the final.[4] Afghanistan's Mohammad Shahzad was named the player of the match[5] and Zimbabwe's Sikandar Raza was named the player of the tournament.[6]
Hosts Zimbabwe failed to reach the final and missed out on playing in the Cricket World Cup for the first time since 1983.[7] As a result of their poor performance, Zimbabwe Cricket sacked all their coaching staff and their team captain, Graeme Cremer.[8] Recently appointed Full Member side Ireland also missed the Cricket World Cup for the first time since 2007, and for the first time, no Associate Member qualified for the Cricket World Cup.[9]
The tournament was initially scheduled to take place in Bangladesh,[10] but in May 2017 it was reported that the event would instead be hosted elsewhere as Bangladesh were close to automatic qualification, and thus would not need to participate in this tournament. Three bids were under consideration: one from Zimbabwe, one from the United Arab Emirates and a joint-bid from Ireland and Scotland. Scotland were the winners of the previous qualifier tournament.[11][12][13]
In October 2017, the International Cricket Council (ICC) announced that Zimbabwe would host the event.[14] In January 2018, the ICC confirmed all the fixtures and venues for the tournament.[15] At the end of the tournament, the Netherlands (who won the ICC World Cricket League Championship) and the top three Associate Member teams earned One Day International (ODI) status until 2022.[16]
Following the conclusion of the group stage, Afghanistan, Ireland, Scotland, United Arab Emirates, West Indies and Zimbabwe had all progressed to the Super Sixes, with a chance to qualify for the 2019 Cricket World Cup.[17] Hong Kong, Nepal, Netherlands and Papua New Guinea did not qualify for the Super Sixes, but advanced to the playoffs to determine their final rankings in positions seven to ten.[18] Both Scotland and the United Arab Emirates kept their ODI status until 2022, after reaching the Super Sixes.[19]
Hong Kong, Nepal and Papua New Guinea competed for the final ODI status spot in the playoffs.[19] In the first round of playoff matches, Nepal beat Papua New Guinea by 6 wickets and the Netherlands beat Hong Kong by 44 runs. Therefore, with the Netherlands already guaranteed ODI status at the end of the tournament, Nepal gained ODI status for the first time.[20][21][22] With their defeats in the first playoff matches, Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea both lost their ODI status and were relegated to Division Two of the World Cricket League.[20][21] The fixture between Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea, for the ninth place playoff, was the 4,000th ODI match to be played.[23]
The West Indies became the first side to qualify for the 2019 Cricket World Cup, after they beat Scotland by five runs by the Duckworth–Lewis method in the Super Sixes.[24][25] Tournament hosts Zimbabwe lost their final match in the Super Sixes to the United Arab Emirates, meaning they would need Afghanistan and Ireland's match to end as tie to allow them to progress to the Cricket World Cup.[26][27] However, Afghanistan beat Ireland by five wickets in the final Super Six match, therefore joining the West Indies in the tournament final and also qualifying for the Cricket World Cup.[28]
In the final, Afghanistan's Rashid Khan became the fastest and youngest bowler to take 100 wickets in ODIs when he dismissed Shai Hope.[29] He took 44 matches to take his 100th dismissal, breaking the previous record of 52 matches, set by Mitchell Starc of Australia.[30]
Contents
[hide]
1 Teams
1.1 ICC ODI Championship
1.2 WCL Championship
1.3 WCL Division Two
2 Tournament format
3 Squads
4 Warm-up matches
5 Group stage
5.1 Group A
5.1.1 Points table
5.1.2 Fixtures
5.2 Group B
5.2.1 Points table
5.2.2 Fixtures
6 Playoffs
7 Super Sixes
8 Final
9 Final standings
10 References
11 External links
Teams[edit]
It was decided before the 2015 Cricket World Cup that the number of participating teams at the 2019 Cricket World Cup would be reduced to ten. A new World Cup qualification structure was introduced in which the host nation of the World Cup and the top seven other teams in the ICC ODI Championship on 30 September 2017 would qualify directly for the World Cup, with the remaining two spots being decided by the World Cup qualifying tournament.[31] Following recent success, Afghanistan and Ireland were promoted into the ICC ODI Championship in 2015 taking the number of teams in the ICC ODI Championship to twelve.[32] Afghanistan and Ireland were granted Test status in 2017 making them the 11th and 12th Test-playing nations, meaning that at least two Test-playing nations would miss the World Cup for the first time.
The bottom four teams in the ICC ODI Championship ranking will be joined by the top four teams from the 2015–17 ICC World Cricket League Championship and the two finalists of the 2018 ICC World Cricket League Division Two for the qualifying tournament. Therefore, at most two associate teams could qualify for the World Cup, or none if beaten by the Test playing nations.
Means of qualification
Date
Venue
Berths
Qualified
ICC ODI Championship (Bottom 4) 30 September 2017 Various 4
West Indies[33]
Afghanistan[33]
Zimbabwe[33]
Ireland[33]
2015–17 ICC World Cricket League Championship 8 December 2017 Various 4
Netherlands[34]
Scotland[35]
Hong Kong[1]
Papua New Guinea[34]
2018 ICC World Cricket League Division Two 15 February 2018 Namibia 2
Nepal[36]
United Arab Emirates[36]
Total
10
ICC ODI Championship[edit]
The bottom four teams (9th to 12th places) in the ICC ODI Championship, as at 30 September 2017, did not receive automatic World Cup qualification and are required to play in the 2018 World Cup Qualifier.[3] Qualification by this route was finalised after the West Indies lost the first match of their ODI series against England in September 2017, meaning they were unable to catch any of the teams above them in the rankings by the cut-off date.[37][38] Afghanistan, Ireland and Zimbabwe, below the West Indies in the rankings, were confirmed as having to play in the qualification tournament before this date.[33]
WCL Championship[edit]
The top four teams from the 2015–17 ICC World Cricket League Championship qualified for the 2018 World Cup Qualifier. After the conclusion of the sixth round of fixtures in the championship, both the Netherlands and Papua New Guinea had qualified.[34] Following the first fixtures in round seven, they were joined by Scotland[35] and Hong Kong.[1] The Netherlands ended up winning the tournament, with Scotland finishing second followed by Hong Kong in third and Papua New Guinea fourth.
WCL Division Two[edit]
The top two teams from the 2018 ICC World Cricket League Division Two qualified for the 2018 World Cup Qualifier. Nepal and the United Arab Emirates placed first and second in the round-robin stage, thus claiming the final places in the Qualifier.[36] The United Arab Emirates won the final of the Division Two tournament to go into Group A, with Nepal placed in Group B.[39]
Tournament format[edit]
Initially, the teams were split into two groups of five; these groups played on a round-robin basis. Two points were awarded for a win, one point for a no result and no points for a loss.[40] The top three teams in each group went forward to a Super Six round. The results between the progressing teams were carried forward, including the corresponding points and net run rate, while the results against the teams that finished in the bottom two places in each group were discarded.[41] Each team then played the qualifiers from the other group. The remaining four teams (that finish in the bottom two places in each group) played-off for positions 7–10. The bottom two Associate Member teams, excluding the Netherlands, were relegated to the ICC World Cricket League Division Two.[42]
The top two teams at the end of the Super Six stage earned qualification to the 2019 World Cup, and also contested the final to determine the winner of the tournament.[15] If the final ended as a tie, then a Super Over would have been played to decide the winner.[43] In the event of a no result, the tournament's winner would have been the side that finished highest in the Super Sixes.[43]
Squads[edit]
The following squads were named ahead of the tournament:
Afghanistan[44]
Hong Kong[45]
Ireland[46]
Nepal[47]
Netherlands[48]
Asghar Stanikzai (c)
Rashid Khan (vc)
Javed Ahmadi
Sharafuddin Ashraf
Nasir Jamal
Ihsanullah Janat
Mohammad Nabi
Gulbadin Naib
Rahmat Shah
Mohammad Shahzad (wk)
Samiullah Shenwari
Dawlat Zadran
Mujeeb Ur Rahman
Najibullah Zadran
Shapoor Zadran
Afsar Zazai
Babar Hayat (c)
Ahsan Abbasi
Tanwir Afzal
Nadeem Ahmed
Tanveer Ahmed
Waqas Barkat
Christopher Carter
Aizaz Khan
Ehsan Khan
Nizakat Khan
Scott McKechnie
Ehsan Nawaz
Anshuman Rath
Kinchit Shah
Simandeep Singh
Shahid Wasif
William Porterfield (c)
Andrew Balbirnie
Peter Chase
George Dockrell
Ed Joyce
Andrew McBrine
Barry McCarthy
Tim Murtagh
Kevin O'Brien
Niall O'Brien
Boyd Rankin
James Shannon
Simi Singh
Paul Stirling
Gary Wilson
Paras Khadka (c)
Dipendra Airee
Lalit Bhandari
Shakti Gauchan
Sompal Kami
Karan KC
Rohit Kumar
Sandeep Lamichhane
Gyanendra Malla
Dilip Nath
Lalit Rajbanshi
Basanta Regmi
Anil Sah
Aarif Sheikh
Sharad Vesawkar
Peter Borren (c)
Wesley Barresi
Ben Cooper
Ryan ten Doeschate
Bas de Leede
Paul van Meekeren
Stephan Myburgh
Max O'Dowd
Scott Edwards
Roelof van der Merwe
Shane Snater
Pieter Seelaar
Timm van der Gugten
Vivian Kingma
Fred Klaassen
Sikander Zulfiqar
Papua New Guinea[49]
Scotland[50]
United Arab Emirates[47]
West Indies[51]
Zimbabwe[52]
Assad Vala (c)
Charles Amini
Sese Bau
Mahuru Dai
Kiplin Doriga
Jason Kila
Vani Morea
Alei Nao
Damien Ravu
John Reva
Lega Siaka
Chad Soper
Tony Ura
Norman Vanua
Jack Vare
Kyle Coetzer (c)
Richie Berrington (vc)
Matthew Cross
Alasdair Evans
Michael Jones
Michael Leask
Calum MacLeod
George Munsey
Safyaan Sharif
Chris Sole
Tom Sole
Craig Wallace
Mark Watt
Brad Wheal
Stuart Whittingham
Rohan Mustafa (c)
Ashfaq Ahmed
Qadeer Ahmed
Shaiman Anwar
Mohammad Boota
Imran Haider
Amir Hayat
Zahoor Khan
Adnan Mufti
Mohammad Naveed
Ahmed Raza
Ghulam Shabber
Rameez Shahzad
Chirag Suri
Muhammad Usman
Jason Holder (c)
Jason Mohammed (vc)
Devendra Bishoo
Carlos Brathwaite
Sheldon Cottrell
Chris Gayle
Shimron Hetmyer
Shai Hope
Evin Lewis
Nikita Miller
Ashley Nurse
Keemo Paul
Rovman Powell
Kemar Roach
Marlon Samuels
Kesrick Williams
Graeme Cremer (c)
Ryan Burl
Tendai Chatara
Tendai Chisoro
Craig Ervine
Kyle Jarvis
Hamilton Masakadza
Solomon Mire
Peter Moor
Tarisai Musakanda
Blessing Muzarabani
Richard Ngarava
Sikandar Raza
Brendan Taylor
Brian Vitori
Malcolm Waller
Sean Williams
Cephas Zhuwao
Prior to the tournament, Stephan Myburgh was ruled out of the Netherlands squad due to injury and was replaced by Bas de Leede.[53] Zimbabwe initially named Ryan Burl and Tarisai Musakanda in their squad, but they were replaced by Sean Williams and Cephas Zhuwao.[54]
Afghanistan's captain Asghar Stanikzai missed the start of the tournament, after having his appendix removed.[55] Rashid Khan captained Afghanistan in Stanikzai's absence.[56] Stanikzai was eventually ruled out of the start of the tournament and was replaced by Afsar Zazai.[57] Stanikzai returned to the squad, after he was declared fit to play, ahead of Afghanistan's final two Super Six matches.[58] Stanikzai's replacement, Afsar Zazai, was ruled out of the last two matches due to injury.[58] Following Afghanistan's match with Zimbabwe, Mohammad Shahzad was suspended for the final two group matches after being found guilty of damaging part of the ground.[59]
Zimbabwe's Brian Vitori was suspended from bowling, following the match with Nepal. He was replaced by Richard Ngarava.[60] Sheldon Cottrell was replaced in the West Indies squad by Keemo Paul, after Cottrell injured himself during the match against the United Arab Emirates.[61] Ahead of Hong Kong's group match with Scotland, Ahsan Abbasi suffered an injury and was ruled out of the tournament. He was replaced by Kinchit Shah.[62]
Warm-up matches[edit]
Main article: 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier warm-up matches
Ten non-ODI warm-up matches were played on 27 February and 1 March.
Group stage[edit]
The ICC confirmed the fixtures for the tournament in January 2018. All the matches were recorded as ODIs, except those that involved the Netherlands and Nepal, as they did not have ODI status at the start of the tournament.[15] On 8 March 2018, the venues for the final two games in Group B were switched, due to the anticipated attendance for Zimbabwe's last group match.[63] On 13 March 2018, the ICC confirmed all the umpires for the Super Sixes and playoff matches.[64]
All times in Central Africa Time (UTC+2:00)
Group A[edit]
Points table[edit]
Team
v
t
e
Pld
W
L
T
NR
Pts
NRR
Status
West Indies 4 4 0 0 0 8 +1.171 Advanced to Super Sixes
Ireland 4 3 1 0 0 6 +1.479
United Arab Emirates 4 2 2 0 0 4 –1.177
Netherlands 4 1 3 0 0 2 –0.709 Advanced to 7th–10th Play-offs
Papua New Guinea 4 0 4 0 0 0 –0.865
Fixtures[edit]
4 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
United Arab Emirates
221 (49.4 overs)
v
Papua New Guinea
113 (25.5 overs)
Rohan Mustafa 95 (136)
Norman Vanua 4/39 (9.4 overs)
Charles Amini 24 (31)
Mohammad Naveed 5/28 (5.5 overs)
United Arab Emirates won by 56 runs (D/L method)
Harare Sports Club, Harare
Umpires: Simon Fry (Aus) and Shaun George (SA)
Player of the match: Mohammad Naveed (UAE)
Papua New Guinea won the toss and elected to field.
Papua New Guinea were set a revised target of 170 runs from 28 overs due to rain.
Jason Kila (PNG) made his ODI debut.
Mohammad Naveed (UAE) took his first five-wicket haul in ODIs.[65]
4 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
Ireland
268/7 (50 overs)
v
Netherlands
149 (32.2 overs)
Andrew Balbirnie 68 (75)
Timm van der Gugten 3/59 (10 overs)
Timm van der Gugten 33 (25)
Tim Murtagh 3/28 (7 overs)
Ireland won by 93 runs (D/L method)
Old Hararians, Harare
Umpires: Michael Gough (Eng) and Ahsan Raza (Pak)
Player of the match: Andrew Balbirnie (Ire)
Netherlands won the toss and elected to field.
Netherlands were set a revised target of 243 runs from 41 overs due to rain.
This was the first international cricket match to be played at this venue.[66]
6 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
Papua New Guinea
235 (50 overs)
v
Ireland
237/6 (49.1 overs)
Tony Ura 151 (142)
Andy McBrine 3/38 (10 overs)
William Porterfield 111 (133)
Assad Vala 2/39 (10 overs)
Ireland won by 4 wickets
Harare Sports Club, Harare
Umpires: Simon Fry (Aus) and Langton Rusere (Zim)
Player of the match: Tony Ura (PNG)
Ireland won the toss and elected to field.
Tony Ura scored the highest total by a batsman for Papua New Guinea in an ODI. He also scored the fourth-highest percentage of runs in a completed innings in an ODI (64.25%).[67][68]
6 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
West Indies
357/4 (50 overs)
v
United Arab Emirates
297/6 (50 overs)
Shimron Hetmyer 127 (93)
Imran Haider 1/62 (10 overs)
Rameez Shahzad 112* (107)
Jason Holder 5/53 (10 overs)
West Indies won by 60 runs
Old Hararians, Harare
Umpires: Michael Gough (Eng) and Sharfuddoula (Ban)
Player of the match: Shimron Hetmyer (WI)
West Indies won the toss and elected to bat.
Chirag Suri (UAE) made his ODI debut.
This was the first ODI match to be played at this venue.[66]
Chris Gayle (WI) became the third batsman to score a century against eleven different countries in ODIs.[69]
Shimron Hetmyer (WI) scored his first century in ODIs.[70]
Kemar Roach (WI) took his 100th wicket in ODIs.[71]
8 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
Netherlands
176 (46.3 overs)
v
United Arab Emirates
177/4 (44 overs)
Wesley Barresi 37 (55)
Rohan Mustafa 5/26 (9.3 overs)
Chirag Suri 78* (126)
Paul van Meekeren 1/18 (8 overs)
United Arab Emirates won by 6 wickets
Harare Sports Club, Harare
Umpires: Ahsan Raza (Pak) and Langton Rusere (Zim)
Player of the match: Rohan Mustafa (UAE)
Netherlands won the toss and elected to bat.
8 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
Papua New Guinea
200 (42.4 overs)
v
West Indies
201/4 (43 overs)
Assad Vala 57 (89)
Carlos Brathwaite 5/27 (10 overs)
Jason Holder 99* (101)
Alei Nao 1/16 (6 overs)
West Indies won by 6 wickets
Old Hararians, Harare
Umpires: Shaun George (SA) and Sharfuddoula (Ban)
Player of the match: Jason Holder (WI)
Papua New Guinea won the toss and elected to bat.
Carlos Brathwaite (WI) took his first five-wicket haul in ODIs.[72]
Papua New Guinea could no longer qualify for the Super Sixes as a result of this match and advanced to the playoff semi-finals.[73]
10 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
West Indies
257/8 (50 overs)
v
Ireland
205 (46.2 overs)
Rovman Powell 101 (100)
Tim Murtagh 4/41 (10 overs)
Ed Joyce 63 (86)
Kemar Roach 4/27 (10 overs)
West Indies won by 52 runs
Harare Sports Club, Harare
Umpires: Simon Fry (Aus) and Michael Gough (Eng)
Player of the match: Rovman Powell (WI)
Ireland won the toss and elected to field.
Rovman Powell (WI) scored his first century in ODIs.[74]
West Indies qualified for the Super Sixes as a result of this match.[75]
10 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
Netherlands
216/8 (50 overs)
v
Papua New Guinea
159 (42.1 overs)
Sikander Zulfiqar 53* (65)
Alei Nao 2/28 (6.3 overs)
Assad Vala 44 (58)
Roelof van der Merwe 4/46 (10 overs)
Netherlands won by 57 runs
Old Hararians, Harare
Umpires: Ahsan Raza (Pak) and Sharfuddoula (Ban)
Player of the match: Roelof van der Merwe (Ned)
Papua New Guinea won the toss and elected to field.
12 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
West Indies
309/6 (48 overs)
v
Netherlands
167/6 (28.4 overs)
Evin Lewis 84 (92)
Paul van Meekeren 2/37 (9 overs)
Ryan ten Doeschate 67* (62)
Ashley Nurse 1/25 (6 overs)
West Indies by 54 runs (D/L method)
Harare Sports Club, Harare
Umpires: Shaun George (SA) and Michael Gough (Eng)
Player of the match: Evin Lewis (WI)
Netherlands won the toss and elected to field.
Netherlands were set a revised target of 222 runs from 28.4 overs due to rain.
United Arab Emirates qualified for the Super Sixes as a result of this match, with the Netherlands advancing to the playoff semi-finals.[76]
12 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
Ireland
313/6 (44 overs)
v
United Arab Emirates
91 (29.3 overs)
Paul Stirling 126 (117)
Mohammad Naveed 3/84 (9 overs)
Ghulam Shabber 19 (40)
Boyd Rankin 4/15 (6 overs)
Ireland won by 226 runs (D/L method)
Old Hararians, Harare
Umpires: Simon Fry (Aus) and Langton Rusere (Zim)
Player of the match: Paul Stirling (Ire)
United Arab Emirates won the toss and elected to field.
United Arab Emirates were set a revised target of 318 runs from 44 overs due to rain.
The 205-run stand for the first wicket between Paul Stirling and William Porterfield was Ireland's highest partnership for the first wicket in ODIs.[77]
Kevin O'Brien (Ire) scored his 3,000th run in ODIs.[78]
Ireland qualified for the Super Sixes as a result of this match.[79]
Group B[edit]
Points table[edit]
Team
v
t
e
Pld
W
L
T
NR
Pts
NRR
Status
Zimbabwe 4 3 0 1 0 7 +1.035 Advanced to Super Sixes
Scotland 4 3 0 1 0 7 +0.855
Afghanistan 4 1 3 0 0 2 +0.038
Nepal 4 1 3 0 0 2 –0.893 Advanced to 7th–10th Play-offs
Hong Kong 4 1 3 0 0 2 –1.121
Fixtures[edit]
4 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
Zimbabwe
380/6 (50 overs)
v
Nepal
264/8 (50 overs)
Sikandar Raza 123 (66)
Basanta Regmi 2/69 (10 overs)
Sharad Vesawkar 52 (48)
Sikandar Raza 3/48 (10 overs)
Zimbabwe won by 116 runs
Queens Sports Club, Bulawayo
Umpires: Gregory Brathwaite (WI) and Chettithody Shamshuddin (Ind)
Player of the match: Sikandar Raza (Zim)
Zimbabwe won the toss and elected to bat.
Lalit Rajbanshi (Nep) made his List A debut.
4 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
Afghanistan
255 (49.4 overs)
v
Scotland
256/3 (47.2 overs)
Mohammad Nabi 92 (82)
Brad Wheal 3/36 (9.4 overs)
Calum MacLeod 157* (146)
Mujeeb Ur Rahman 2/47 (10 overs)
Scotland won by 7 wickets
Bulawayo Athletic Club, Bulawayo
Umpires: Joel Wilson (WI) and Paul Wilson (Aus)
Player of the match: Calum MacLeod (Sco)
Scotland won the toss and elected to field.
Rashid Khan captained Afghanistan for the first time in an ODI and at the age of 19 years and 165 days, he became the youngest player to captain an international side.[80]
The 208-run stand for the third wicket between Calum MacLeod and Richie Berrington was Scotland's highest for any wicket in ODIs.[81]
6 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
Zimbabwe
196 (43 overs)
v
Afghanistan
194 (49.3 overs)
Brendan Taylor 89 (88)
Rashid Khan 3/38 (8 overs)
Rahmat Shah 69 (91)
Blessing Muzarabani 4/47 (10 overs)
Zimbabwe won by 2 runs
Queens Sports Club, Bulawayo
Umpires: Chris Brown (NZ) and Chettithody Shamshuddin (Ind)
Player of the match: Sikandar Raza (Zim)
Zimbabwe won the toss and elected to bat.
6 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
Hong Kong
91 (38.2 overs)
v
Scotland
92/6 (23.3 overs)
Nizakat Khan 26 (40)
Tom Sole 4/15 (10 overs)
Kyle Coetzer 41* (60)
Ehsan Khan 3/29 (6 overs)
Scotland won by 4 wickets
Bulawayo Athletic Club, Bulawayo
Umpires: Adrian Holdstock (SA) and Joel Wilson (WI)
Player of the match: Tom Sole (Sco)
Scotland won the toss and elected to field.
8 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
Nepal
149 (47.4 overs)
v
Scotland
153/6 (41.3 overs)
Paras Khadka 63 (75)
Stuart Whittingham 3/35 (10 overs)
Kyle Coetzer 88* (136)
Basanta Regmi 2/26 (10 overs)
Scotland won by 4 wickets
Queens Sports Club, Bulawayo
Umpires: Chris Brown (NZ) and Adrian Holdstock (SA)
Player of the match: Kyle Coetzer (Sco)
Nepal won the toss and elected to bat.
Paras Khadka became the first batsman for Nepal to score 1,000 runs in List A cricket.[82]
Scotland qualified for the Super Sixes as a result of this match.[82]
8 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
Hong Kong
241/8 (50 overs)
v
Afghanistan
195/9 (46 overs)
Anshuman Rath 65 (90)
Mujeeb Ur Rahman 3/26 (10 overs)
Dawlat Zadran 40* (30)
Ehsan Khan 4/33 (9 overs)
Hong Kong won by 30 runs (D/L method)
Bulawayo Athletic Club, Bulawayo
Umpires: Gregory Brathwaite (WI) and Paul Wilson (Aus)
Player of the match: Ehsan Khan (HK)
Afghanistan won the toss and elected to field.
Afghanistan were set a revised target of 226 runs from 46 overs due to rain.
This was Hong Kong's first win against a Full Member side in ODIs.[83]
10 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
Zimbabwe
263/9 (50 overs)
v
Hong Kong
174 (46.5 overs)
Hamilton Masakadza 84 (110)
Ehsan Nawaz 4/47 (9 overs)
Anshuman Rath 85 (117)
Sikandar Raza 3/30 (10 overs)
Zimbabwe won by 89 runs
Queens Sports Club, Bulawayo
Umpires: Gregory Brathwaite (WI) and Joel Wilson (WI)
Player of the match: Hamilton Masakadza (Zim)
Hong Kong won the toss and elected to field.
Zimbabwe qualified for the Super Sixes as a result of this match.[84]
10 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
Nepal
194 (49.5 overs)
v
Afghanistan
195/4 (38.4 overs)
Paras Khadka 75 (82)
Mohammad Nabi 4/33 (10 overs)
Najibullah Zadran 52* (47)
Dipendra Airee 2/25 (6 overs)
Afghanistan won by 6 wickets
Bulawayo Athletic Club, Bulawayo
Umpires: Adrian Holdstock (SA) and Paul Wilson (Aus)
Player of the match: Mohammad Nabi (Afg)
Nepal won the toss and elected to bat.
12 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
Hong Kong
153 (48.2 overs)
v
Nepal
155/5 (40.4 overs)
Nizakat Khan 47 (84)
Sandeep Lamichhane 3/17 (10 overs)
Rohit Kumar 44* (86)
Ehsan Khan 2/29 (7 overs)
Nepal won by 5 wickets
Bulawayo Athletic Club, Bulawayo
Umpires: Chris Brown (NZ) and Joel Wilson (WI)
Player of the match: Rohit Kumar (Nep)
Hong Kong won the toss and elected to bat.
Simandeep Singh (HK) made his List A debut.
Afghanistan qualified for the Super Sixes as a result of this match, with Hong Kong and Nepal advancing to the playoff semi-finals.[85]
12 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
Zimbabwe
210 (46.4 overs)
v
Scotland
210 (49.1 overs)
Craig Ervine 57 (69)
Safyaan Sharif 5/33 (8.4 overs)
Richie Berrington 47 (76)
Graeme Cremer 3/21 (10 overs)
Match tied
Queens Sports Club, Bulawayo
Umpires: Gregory Brathwaite (WI) and Paul Wilson (Aus)
Player of the match: Safyaan Sharif (Sco)
Zimbabwe won the toss and elected to bat.
Safyaan Sharif (Sco) took his first five-wicket haul in ODIs.[86]
Playoffs[edit]
15 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
Papua New Guinea
114 (27.2 overs)
v
Nepal
115/4 (23 overs)
Charles Amini 19 (18)
Dipendra Airee 4/14 (4.2 overs)
Dipendra Airee 50* (58)
Norman Vanua 2/25 (6 overs)
Nepal won by 6 wickets
Old Hararians, Harare
Umpires: Langton Rusere (Zim) and Sharfuddoula (Ban)
Player of the match: Dipendra Airee (Nep)
Nepal won the toss and elected to field.
Nepal gained ODI status until 2022 and Papua New Guinea lost their ODI status as a result of this match.[20]
15 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
Netherlands
174 (48.2 overs)
v
Hong Kong
130 (43 overs)
Max O'Dowd 62 (71)
Nadeem Ahmed 3/20 (10 overs)
Babar Hayat 52 (94)
Roelof van der Merwe 4/18 (7 overs)
Netherlands won by 44 runs
Kwekwe Sports Club, Kwekwe
Umpires: Chris Brown (NZ) and Adrian Holdstock (SA)
Player of the match: Max O'Dowd (Ned)
Netherlands won the toss and elected to bat.
Hong Kong lost their ODI status as a result of this match.[20]
9th/10th position play-off
17 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
Papua New Guinea
200 (48.2 overs)
v
Hong Kong
142 (35.2 overs)
Tony Ura 49 (59)
Kinchit Shah 4/11 (3.2 overs)
Babar Hayat 37 (25)
Charles Amini 4/27 (10 overs)
Papua New Guinea won by 58 runs
Old Hararians, Harare
Umpires: Langton Rusere (Zim) and Sharfuddoula (Ban)
Player of the match: Charles Amini (PNG)
Papua New Guinea won the toss and elected to bat.
Simandeep Singh (HK) made his ODI debut.
This was the 4,000th ODI match to be played.[23]
7th/8th position play-off
17 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
Netherlands
189/9 (50 overs)
v
Nepal
144 (44.4 overs)
Bas de Leede 39 (91)
Sompal Kami 4/24 (10 overs)
Sompal Kami 36 (53)
Roelof van der Merwe 4/19 (9 overs)
Netherlands won by 45 runs
Kwekwe Sports Club, Kwekwe
Umpires: Chris Brown (NZ) and Adrian Holdstock (SA)
Player of the match: Roelof van der Merwe (Ned)
Netherlands won the toss and elected to bat.
Super Sixes[edit]
Team
v
t
e
Pld
W
L
T
NR
Pts
NRR
Status
West Indies 5 4 1 0 0 8 +0.472 Advance to Final, qualify for 2019 World Cup
Afghanistan 5 3 2 0 0 6 +0.302
Zimbabwe 5 2 2 1 0 5 +0.420
Scotland 5 2 2 1 0 5 +0.243
Ireland 5 2 3 0 0 4 +0.346
United Arab Emirates 5 1 4 0 0 2 –1.950
15 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
West Indies
197/8 (50 overs)
v
Afghanistan
198/7 (47.4 overs)
Shai Hope 43 (94)
Mujeeb Ur Rahman 3/33 (10 overs)
Rahmat Shah 68 (109)
Jason Holder 3/39 (10 overs)
Afghanistan won by 3 wickets
Harare Sports Club, Harare
Umpires: Michael Gough (Eng) and Ahsan Raza (Pak)
Player of the match: Mujeeb Ur Rahman (Afg)
West Indies won the toss and elected to bat.
Keemo Paul (WI) made his ODI debut.
Mohammad Nabi became the first bowler for Afghanistan to take 100 wickets in ODIs.[87]
Jason Holder (WI) became the fastest player for the West Indies, in terms of matches, to score 1,000 runs and take 100 wickets in ODIs (74).[88]
15 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
Scotland
322/6 (50 overs)
v
United Arab Emirates
249 (47.4 overs)
Matthew Cross 114 (135)
Rohan Mustafa 4/56 (10 overs)
Muhammad Usman 80 (91)
Chris Sole 4/68 (8 overs)
Scotland won by 73 runs
Queens Sports Club, Bulawayo
Umpires: Gregory Brathwaite (WI) and Joel Wilson (WI)
Player of the match: Matthew Cross (Sco)
Scotland won the toss and elected to bat.
United Arab Emirates could no longer qualify for the final as a result of this match.[89]
16 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
Zimbabwe
211/9 (50 overs)
v
Ireland
104 (34.2 overs)
Sikandar Raza 69* (83)
Tim Murtagh 3/36 (10 overs)
Paul Stirling 41 (70)
Graeme Cremer 3/18 (8.2 overs)
Zimbabwe won by 107 runs
Harare Sports Club, Harare
Umpires: Simon Fry (Aus) and Shaun George (SA)
Player of the match: Sikandar Raza (Zim)
Ireland won the toss and elected to field.
18 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
Ireland
271/9 (50 overs)
v
Scotland
246 (47.4 overs)
Andrew Balbirnie 105 (146)
Brad Wheal 3/43 (10 overs)
Kyle Coetzer 61 (70)
Boyd Rankin 4/63 (9.4 overs)
Ireland won by 25 runs
Harare Sports Club, Harare
Umpires: Gregory Brathwaite (WI) and Paul Wilson (Aus)
Player of the match: Andrew Balbirnie (Ire)
Scotland won the toss and elected to field.
19 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
Zimbabwe
289 (50 overs)
v
West Indies
290/6 (49 overs)
Brendan Taylor 138 (124)
Jason Holder 4/35 (10 overs)
Marlon Samuels 86 (80)
Blessing Muzarabani 2/36 (9 overs)
West Indies won by 4 wickets
Harare Sports Club, Harare
Umpires: Michael Gough (Eng) and Simon Fry (Aus)
Player of the match: Marlon Samuels (WI)
Zimbabwe won the toss and elected to bat.
Sean Williams (Zim) scored his 3,000th run in ODIs.[90]
Brendan Taylor (Zim) scored his tenth century in ODIs.[91]
This was the West Indies' fifth-highest successful run-chase in ODIs.[91]
20 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
United Arab Emirates
177 (43 overs)
v
Afghanistan
178/5 (34.3 overs)
Shaiman Anwar 64 (87)
Rashid Khan 5/41 (9 overs)
Gulbadin Naib 74* (97)
Mohammad Naveed 2/37 (8 overs)
Afghanistan won by 5 wickets
Old Hararians, Harare
Umpires: Gregory Brathwaite (WI) and Adrian Holdstock (SA)
Player of the match: Gulbadin Naib (Afg)
United Arab Emirates won the toss and elected to bat.
21 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
West Indies
198 (48.4 overs)
v
Scotland
125/5 (32.5 overs)
Evin Lewis 66 (87)
Safyaan Sharif 3/27 (9 overs)
Richie Berrington 33 (68)
Kemar Roach 2/20 (7 overs)
West Indies won by 5 runs (D/L method)
Harare Sports Club, Harare
Umpires: Shaun George (SA) and Paul Wilson (Aus)
Player of the match: Safyaan Sharif (Sco)
Scotland won the toss and elected to field.
West Indies qualified for the 2019 ICC Cricket World Cup as a result of this match.[24]
Scotland could no longer qualify for the final as a result of this match.[92]
22 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
United Arab Emirates
235/7 (47.5 overs)
v
Zimbabwe
226/7 (40 overs)
Rameez Shahzad 59 (61)
Sikandar Raza 3/41 (10 overs)
Sean Williams 80 (80)
Mohammad Naveed 3/40 (8 overs)
United Arab Emirates won by 3 runs (D/L method)
Harare Sports Club, Harare
Umpires: Gregory Brathwaite (WI) and Ahsan Raza (Pak)
Player of the match: Mohammad Naveed (UAE)
Zimbabwe won the toss and elected to field.
Zimbabwe were set a revised target of 230 runs from 40 overs due to rain.
Shaiman Anwar became the first batsman for the United Arab Emirates to score 1,000 runs in ODIs.[93]
This was the United Arab Emirates' first win against a Full Member side in ODIs.[93]
23 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
Ireland
209/7 (50 overs)
v
Afghanistan
213/5 (49.1 overs)
Paul Stirling 55 (87)
Rashid Khan 3/40 (10 overs)
Mohammad Shahzad 54 (66)
Simi Singh 3/30 (10 overs)
Afghanistan won by 5 wickets
Harare Sports Club, Harare
Umpires: Michael Gough (Eng) and Joel Wilson (WI)
Player of the match: Mohammad Shahzad (Afg)
Ireland won the toss and elected to bat.
Niall O'Brien (Ire) played in his 100th ODI.[94]
Afghanistan qualified for the 2019 ICC Cricket World Cup as a result of this match.[28]
Ireland and Zimbabwe could no longer qualify for the final as a result of this match.[28][95]
Final[edit]
25 March 2018
09:30
Scorecard
West Indies
204 (46.5 overs)
v
Afghanistan
206/3 (40.4 overs)
Rovman Powell 44 (75)
Mujeeb Ur Rahman 4/43 (9.5 overs)
Mohammad Shahzad 84 (93)
Chris Gayle 2/38 (5.4 overs)
Afghanistan won by 7 wickets
Harare Sports Club, Harare
Umpires: Simon Fry (Aus) Michael Gough (Eng)
Player of the match: Mohammad Shahzad (Afg)
West Indies won the toss and elected to bat.
Shai Hope (WI) scored his 1,000th run in ODIs.[96]
Rashid Khan (Afg) took his 100th wicket in ODIs.[29]
Final standings[edit]
These were the final standings at the end of the tournament:[4]
Position
Team
v
t
e
Result
1st Afghanistan Qualified for the 2019 Cricket World Cup
2nd West Indies
3rd Zimbabwe
4th Scotland Retained ODI status until 2022
5th Ireland
6th United Arab Emirates Retained ODI status until 2022
7th Netherlands
8th Nepal Gained ODI status until 2022
9th Papua New Guinea Relegated to Division Two and lost ODI status
10th Hong Kong
Note: Remaining teams already had ODI status until at least 2022
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Jump up ^ "Stanikzai to miss start of World Cup Qualifier". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Mohammad Shahzad suspended from World Cup Qualifier matches". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Stanikzai back for Afghanistan". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Shahzad suspended for Afghanistan's next two matches at the World Cup Qualifiers". International Cricket Council. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Brian Vitori suspended from bowling for third time". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Keemo Paul replaces Sheldon Cottrell in the Windies side". International Cricket Council. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "'It's messed up our batting line-up' – Hong Kong lose Ahsan Abbasi ahead of ICC World Cup qualifier against Scotland". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Venue change for Zimbabwe versus Scotland fixture". International Cricket Council. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Match Officials for Super Six and Play-offs announced". International Cricket Council. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Naveed battles through the pain to help UAE defeat Papua New Guinea in World Cup Qualifier opener". The National. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Old Hararians Sports Club". International Cricket Council. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Porterfield ton secures Ireland's second CWCQ victory". International Cricket Council. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ireland get past PNG despite Ura brilliance". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Gayle becomes third batsman to hit ODI centuries against 11 countries". International Cricket Council. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Gayle's six-laden 123 razes UAE". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Shimron Hetmyer Audio - Windies vs UAE at ICC World Cup Qualifier". Cricketworld Media Ltd. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Windies avoid scare to edge out PNG". International Cricket Council. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Holder and Brathwaite ward off PNG threat". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Powell century lifts West Indies to top spot". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Rovman Powell hits maiden hundred to rescue Windies and sink Ireland". International Cricket Council. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Netherlands fail to qualify for the Super Sixes after defeat to Windies". International Cricket Council. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Stirling-Porterfield record stand razes UAE". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ireland demolishes UAE to put Cricket World Cup Qualifier campaign back on track". Cricket Ireland. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ireland thrash UAE to cruise into Super Sixes". International Cricket Council. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Why we can't get enough of Rashid Khan". International Cricket Council. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Records fall as Calum MacLeod leads Scotland to opening win". International Cricket Council. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Coetzer holds his nerve to maintain Scotland's perfect start". International Cricket Council. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Afghanistan suffer massive dent to World Cup hopes". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Unbeaten Windies and Zimbabwe join Scotland in the Super Six". International Cricket Council. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Afghanistan through after Nepal beat Hong Kong". International Cricket Council. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Muzarabani holds nerve to give Zimbabwe thrilling tie". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "ICC World Cup Qualifiers 2018, Super Sixes: Mohammad Nabi becomes 1st Afghan to take 100 wickets". Cricket Country. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Afghanistan leave Windies in a spin to keep their hopes alive". International Cricket Council. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Afghanistan add spice to World Cup Qualifiers by defeating The Windies". International Cricket Council. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Windies overcome late scare to beat Zimbabwe in crucial Qualifier match". International Cricket Council. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Holder, Samuels take West Indies closer to World Cup". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Rain takes Windies to next year's World Cup". International Cricket Council. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "ICC World Cup Qualifiers, 2018: Zimbabwe vs UAE – Statistical Highlights". CricTracker. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Five places in Super Six up for grabs in the remaining eight matches". International Cricket Council. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "UAE give Afghanistan and Ireland World Cup life". International Cricket Council. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Mujeeb orchestrates Afghanistan triumph". Wisden India. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
External links[edit]
Series home at ESPN Cricinfo
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Fermi problem
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the estimation technique. For Fermi's question about extraterrestrial life, see Fermi paradox.
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
In physics or engineering education, a Fermi problem, Fermi quiz, Fermi question, Fermi estimate, or order estimation is an estimation problem designed to teach dimensional analysis, approximation, and such a problem is usually a back-of-the-envelope calculation. The estimation technique is named after physicist Enrico Fermi as he was known for his ability to make good approximate calculations with little or no actual data. Fermi problems typically involve making justified guesses about quantities and their variance or lower and upper bounds.
Contents
[hide]
1 Historical background
2 Examples
3 Advantages and scope
4 Explanation
5 See also
6 Notes and references
7 Further reading
8 External links
Historical background[edit]
An example is Enrico Fermi's estimate of the strength of the atomic bomb that detonated at the Trinity test, based on the distance traveled by pieces of paper he dropped from his hand during the blast.[1] Fermi's estimate of 10 kilotons of TNT was remarkably close to the now-accepted value of around 20 kilotons.
Examples[edit]
An example problem, of a type generally attributed to Fermi,[2] is "How many piano tuners are there in Chicago?" A typical solution to this problem involves multiplying a series of estimates that yield the correct answer if the estimates are correct. For example, we might make the following assumptions:
There are approximately 9,000,000 people living in Chicago.
On average, there are two persons in each household in Chicago.
Roughly one household in twenty has a piano that is tuned regularly.
Pianos that are tuned regularly are tuned on average about once per year.
It takes a piano tuner about two hours to tune a piano, including travel time.
Each piano tuner works eight hours in a day, five days in a week, and 50 weeks in a year.
From these assumptions, we can compute that the number of piano tunings in a single year in Chicago is
(9,000,000 persons in Chicago) ÷ (2 persons/household) × (1 piano/20 households) × (1 piano tuning per piano per year) = 225,000 piano tunings per year in Chicago.
We can similarly calculate that the average piano tuner performs
(50 weeks/year) × (5 days/week) × (8 hours/day) ÷ (2 hours to tune a piano) = 1000 piano tunings per year.
Dividing gives
(225,000 piano tunings per year in Chicago) ÷ (1000 piano tunings per year per piano tuner) = 225 piano tuners in Chicago.
The actual number of piano tuners in Chicago is about 290.[3]
A famous example of a Fermi-problem-like estimate is the Drake equation, which seeks to estimate the number of intelligent civilizations in the galaxy. The basic question of why, if there were a significant number of such civilizations, ours has never encountered any others is called the Fermi paradox.
Advantages and scope[edit]
Scientists often look for Fermi estimates of the answer to a problem before turning to more sophisticated methods to calculate a precise answer. This provides a useful check on the results. While the estimate is almost certainly incorrect, it is also a simple calculation that allows for easy error checking, and to find faulty assumptions if the figure produced is far beyond what we might reasonably expect. By contrast, precise calculations can be extremely complex but with the expectation that the answer they produce is correct. The far larger number of factors and operations involved can obscure a very significant error, either in mathematical process or in the assumptions the equation is based on, but the result may still be assumed to be right because it has been derived from a precise formula that is expected to yield good results. Without a reasonable frame of reference to work from it is seldom clear if a result is acceptably precise or is many degrees of magnitude (tens or hundreds of times) too big or too small. The Fermi estimation gives a quick, simple way to obtain this frame of reference for what might reasonably be expected to be the answer, giving context to the results.
As long as the initial assumptions in the estimate are reasonable quantities, the result obtained will give an answer within the same scale as the correct result, and if not gives a base for understanding why this is the case. For example, if the estimate tells you there should be a hundred or so tuners but the precise answer tells you there are many thousands then you know you need to find out why there is this divergence from the expected result. First looking for errors, then for factors the estimation didn't take account of - Does Chicago have a number of music schools or other places with a disproportionately high ratio of pianos to people? Whether close or very far from the observed results, the context the estimation provides gives useful information both about the process of calculation and the assumptions that have been used to look at problems.
Fermi estimates are also useful in approaching problems where the optimal choice of calculation method depends on the expected size of the answer. For instance, a Fermi estimate might indicate whether the internal stresses of a structure are low enough that it can be accurately described by linear elasticity; or if the estimate already bears significant relationship in scale relative to some other value, for example, if a structure will be over-engineered to withstand loads several times greater than the estimate.
Although Fermi calculations are often not accurate, as there may be many problems with their assumptions, this sort of analysis does tell us what to look for to get a better answer. For the above example, we might try to find a better estimate of the number of pianos tuned by a piano tuner in a typical day, or look up an accurate number for the population of Chicago. It also gives us a rough estimate that may be good enough for some purposes: if we want to start a store in Chicago that sells piano tuning equipment, and we calculate that we need 10,000 potential customers to stay in business, we can reasonably assume that the above estimate is far enough below 10,000 that we should consider a different business plan (and, with a little more work, we could compute a rough upper bound on the number of piano tuners by considering the most extreme reasonable values that could appear in each of our assumptions).
Explanation[edit]
Fermi estimates generally work because the estimations of the individual terms are often close to correct, and overestimates and underestimates help cancel each other out. That is, if there is no consistent bias, a Fermi calculation that involves the multiplication of several estimated factors (such as the number of piano tuners in Chicago) will probably be more accurate than might be first supposed.
In detail, multiplying estimates corresponds to adding their logarithms; thus one obtains a sort of Wiener process or random walk on the logarithmic scale, which diffuses as √n (in number of terms n). In discrete terms, the number of overestimates minus underestimates will have a binomial distribution. In continuous terms, if one makes a Fermi estimate of n steps, with standard deviation σ units on the log scale from the actual value, then the overall estimate will have standard deviation σ√n, since the standard deviation of a sum scales as √n in the number of summands.
For instance, if one makes a 9-step Fermi estimate, at each step overestimating or underestimating the correct number by a factor of 2 (or with a standard deviation 2), then after 9 steps the standard error will have grown by a logarithmic factor of √9 = 3, so 23 = 8. Thus one will expect to be within 1⁄8 to 8 times the correct value – within an order of magnitude, and much less than the worst case of erring by a factor of 29 = 512 (about 2.71 orders of magnitude). If one has a shorter chain or estimates more accurately, the overall estimate will be correspondingly better.
See also[edit]
Dead reckoning
Handwaving
Heuristic
Orders of approximation
Stein's example
Drake equation
Notes and references[edit]
Jump up ^ "Eyewitnesses to Trinity" (PDF). Nuclear Weapons Journal, Issue 2 2005. Los Alamos National Laboratory. 2005. p. 45. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
Jump up ^ Referred to as a Fermi problem in Lufkin, Dan. "Comment on 'Generalization and truth'". Language Log[unreliable source?]
Jump up ^ http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?t=crmtb01&f=ob&i=how%20many%20piano%20tuners%20are%20in%20chicago
Further reading[edit]
There are a number of university level courses devoted to estimation and the solution of Fermi problems. The materials for these courses are a good source for additional Fermi problem examples and material about solution strategies
6.055J / 2.038J The Art of Approximation in Science and Engineering taught by Sanjoy Mahajan at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
Physics on the Back of an Envelope taught by Lawrence Weinstein at Old Dominion University.
Order of Magnitude Physics taught by Sterl Phinney and Peter Goldreich at the California Institute of Technology.
Chapter 2: Discoveries on the Back of an Envelope from Frontiers of Science: Scientific Habits of Mind taught by David Helfand at Columbia University
External links[edit]
The University of Maryland Physics Education Group maintains a collection of Fermi problems.
An example of a Fermi Problem relating to total gasoline consumed by cars since the invention of cars- and compares it to the output of the energy released by the sun.
Lawrence Weinstein & John A. Adam, Guesstimation: Solving the World's Problems on the Back of a Cocktail Napkin Princeton University Press. 2008. ISBN 0-691-12949-5. ISBN 978-1-4008-2444-1. A textbook on Fermi problems.
Aaron Santos, How Many Licks?: Or, How to Estimate Damn Near Anything. Running Press. 2009. ISBN 0-7624-3560-7. ISBN 978-0-7624-3560-9.
"How should mathematics be taught to non-mathematicians?", Timothy Gowers
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