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Federal government of Nigeria
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Federal Government of Nigeria
Coat of arms of Nigeria
Formation
1963; 55 years ago (1963)
Founding document
Constitution of Nigeria
Jurisdiction
Nigeria
Legislative branch
Legislature
National Assembly
Meeting place
National Assembly Complex
Executive branch
Leader
President of Nigeria
Headquarters
Aso Rock Presidential Villa
Main organ
Cabinet
Judicial branch
Court
Supreme Court
Seat
Abuja, FCT
Nigeria
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Nigeria
Constitution[show]
Human rights
Government[show]
President (list)
Muhammadu Buhari
Vice President
Yemi Osinbajo
Cabinet
Federal Parastatals
National Assembly[show]
Senate
House of Representatives
Judiciary[show]
Supreme Court
Subdivisions[show]
States
State governors
Local Government Areas
Elections[show]
Recent elections
Presidential: 2011
2015
2019
Parliamentary: 2011
2015
2019
Political parties
Foreign relations[show]
Minister of Foreign Affairs
Diplomatic missions
of Nigeria
to Nigeria
Passport
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Other countries
Atlas
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e
The Federal Government of Nigeria is the federal government for the Federal Republic of Nigeria, a federation in West Africa, composed of 36 states, who share sovereignty with the federal government and 1 federal territory administered solely by the federal government. The federal government is composed of three distinct branches: legislative, executive, and judicial, whose powers are vested by the Constitution of Nigeria in the National Assembly, the President, and the federal courts, including the Supreme Court, respectively.
Nigeria is a federal republic, with executive power exercised by the president. The president is the head of state, the head of government, and the head of a multi-party system. Nigerian politics takes place within a framework of a federal, presidential, representative democratic republic, in which executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is held by the real government and the two chambers of the legislature: the House of Representatives and the Senate. Together, the two chambers make up the law-making body in Nigeria, called the National Assembly, which serves as a check on the executive arm of government. The highest judiciary arm of government in Nigeria is the Supreme Court of Nigeria which was created after independence and also practices Baron de Montesquieu's theory of the separation of powers[1] based on the United States system and also practises checks and balances[2] The Economist Intelligence Unit has rated Nigeria as "hybrid regime" in 2016.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Legal system
1.1 Legislation as a source of Nigerian law
1.2 Nigerian statutes as sources of Nigerian law
1.3 The post independence legislation 1960-1966
1.4 Military regime, 1966-1999
2 Executive branch
3 Legislative branch
4 Judicial branch
5 Political parties and elections
5.1 Presidential elections of Nigeria, 2015
5.2 House of Representatives
5.3 Senate
6 States of Nigeria
6.1 Local governments
7 Military
8 Foreign relations
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Legal system[edit]
The law of Nigeria is based on the rule of law, the independence of the judiciary, and British common law (due to the long history of British colonial influence). The common law in the legal system is similar to common-law systems used in England and Wales and other Commonwealth countries. The constitutional framework for the legal system is provided by the Constitution of Nigeria.
English Law, which is derived from its colonial past with Britain;
Common law, case law development since colonial independence;
Customary law, which is derived from indigenous traditional norms and practices;
Sharia law, law used in some states in the northern region.
There is a judicial branch, with the Supreme Court regarded as the highest court of the land.
Legislation as a source of Nigerian law[edit]
There is however no lack of rule in this country as it rules over the whole world and is known as "The Giant of Africa" are[4]
(1) Acts of British parliament, popularly referred to as statutes of general application.
(2) Local legislation (comprising enactments of the Nigerian legislatures from colonial period to date). There were other sources which though subsumed in Nigerian legislations were distinctly imported into the Nigerian legal systems. They are called the criminal and penal codes of Nigeria.
Nigerian statutes as sources of Nigerian law[edit]
Nigerian legislation may be classified as follows. The colonial era until 1960 , post independence legislation 1960-1966 , the military era 1966-1999.
The post independence legislation 1960-1966[edit]
The grant of independence to Nigeria was a milestone in the political history of the country. This period witnessed the consolidation of political gains made during the colonial era. Politicians genuinely focused their lapses in the polity. It achieved for herself a republican status by shaking off the last vestiges of colonial authority. However, despite the violent violation of its provisions, the constitution remained the subsequent administrations (military or otherwise).
Military regime, 1966-1999[edit]
The breakdown of law and order which occurred in the period under review would not be attributed to any defect in the Nigerian legal system. Corrupt practices both in the body politic and all aspects of Nigerian life eroded efficiency and progress. There were 8 coups generally five were successful and 3 were unsuccessful.
Executive branch[edit]
Seal of the President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.
The president is elected through universal suffrage. He or she is both the chief of state and head of government, heading the Federal Executive Council, or cabinet.
The executive branch is divided into Federal Ministries, each headed by a minister appointed by the president. The president must include at least one member from each of the 36 states in his cabinet. The President's appointments are confirmed by the Senate of Nigeria. In some cases, a federal minister is responsible for more than one ministry (for example, Environment and Housing may be combined), or a minister may be assisted by one or more ministers of State.[5] Each ministry also has a Permanent Secretary, who is a senior civil servant.[6]
The ministries are responsible for various parastatals (government-owned corporations), such as universities, the National Broadcasting Commission, and the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation. However, some parastatals are the responsibility of the Office of the Presidency, such as the Independent National Electoral Commission, the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission and the Federal Civil Service Commission.[7]
Legislative branch[edit]
House of Representatives of Nigeria.
The National Assembly of Nigeria has two chambers: the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House of Representatives is presided over by the Speaker of the House of Representatives. It has 360 members, who are elected for four-year terms in single-seat constituencies. The Senate, which has 109 members, is presided over by the President of the Senate. 108 members are elected for four-year terms in 36 three-seat constituencies, which correspond to the country's 36 states. One member is selected in the single-seat constituency of the federal capital.
OFFICE NAME TERM
President of the Senate Bukola Saraki 2015 -
Speaker of the House of Representatives Yakubu Dogara 2015 -
Judicial branch[edit]
The judicial branch consists of the Supreme Court of Nigeria, the Court of Appeals, the High Courts, and other trial courts such as the Magistrates', Customary, Sharia and other specialised courts.[8] The National Judicial Council serves as an independent executive body, insulating the judiciary from the executive arm of government.[9] The Supreme Court is presided over by the Chief Justice of Nigeria and thirteen associate justices, who are appointed by the President of Nigeria on the recommendation of the National Judicial Council. These justices are subject to confirmation by the Senate.
Office
Office holder
Assumed office
Chief Justice W.S.N Onnoghen[10] 16 July 2016
Associate Justice Sylvester Umaru Onu 1993
Associate Justice Umaru Atu Kalgo 1998
Associate Justice G. A. Oguntade 2004
Associate Justice Sunday A. Akintan 2004
Associate Justice Mahmud Mohammed 2005
Associate Justice
Associate Justice Ikechi Francis Ogbuagu 2005
Associate Justice F. F. Tabai 1999
Associate Justice Ibrahim Tanko Muhammad 2007
Political parties and elections[edit]
Presidential elections of Nigeria, 2015[edit]
Buhari
53.96%
Jonathan
44.96%
Margin: 2,571,759
Candidate
Party
Votes
%
Muhammadu Buhari All Progressives Congress 15,424,921 53.96
Goodluck Jonathan People's Democratic Party 12,853,162 44.96
Adebayo Ayeni African Peoples Alliance 53,537 0.19
Ganiyu Galadima Allied Congress Party of Nigeria 40,311 0.14
Sam Eke Citizens Popular Party 36,300 0.13
Rufus Salau Alliance for Democracy 30,673 0.11
Mani Ahmad African Democratic Congress 29,665 0.10
Allagoa Chinedu Peoples Party of Nigeria 24,475 0.09
Martin Onovo National Conscience Party 24,455 0.09
Tunde Anifowose-Kelani Accord Alliance 22,125 0.08
Chekwas Okorie United Progressive Party 18,220 0.06
Comfort Sonaiya KOWA Party 13,076 0.05
Godson Okoye United Democratic Party 9,208 0.03
Ambrose Albert Owuru Hope Party 7,435 0.03
Invalid/blank votes 844,519 –
Total 29,432,083 100
Registered voters/turnout 67,422,005 43.65
Source: INEC
House of Representatives[edit]
Party
Votes
%
Seats
+/–
All Progressives Congress 225
People's Democratic Party 125
Other parties 10
Invalid/blank votes – – –
Total 360 –
Registered voters/turnout – –
Source: Reuters Nigeria Tribune
Senate[edit]
Party
Votes
%
Seats
+/–
All Progressives Congress 60 19
People's Democratic Party 49 15
Labour Party
Invalid/blank votes – – –
Total 109 –
Registered voters/turnout – –
Source: Naijaonpoint
States of Nigeria[edit]
Nigeria is made up of 36 states and 1 territory. They are: the Federal Capital Territory, Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nasarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, and Zamfara
Local governments[edit]
Each state is further divided into Local Government Areas (LGAs). There are 774 LGAs in Nigeria.[11] Kano State has the largest number of LGAs at 44, and Bayelsa State has the fewest at 9. The Federal Capital Territory of Abuja has 6 LGAs.[11] LGAs replaced the Districts that were the previous third-tier administrative units under the British government.
Military[edit]
Main article: Military of Nigeria
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Nigerian troops
The military of Nigeria has played a major role in the country's history, often seizing control of the country and ruling it for long periods of time. Its last period of rule ended in 1999, following the death of the leader of the previous military junta Sani Abacha in 1998.
Active duty personnel in the three Nigerian armed services totals approximately 76,000. The Nigerian Army, the largest of the services, has about 60,000 personnel, deployed between two mechanized infantry divisions, one composite division (airborne and amphibious), the Lagos Garrison Command (a division-size unit), and the Abuja-based Brigade of Guards. The Nigerian Navy (7,000) is equipped with frigates, fast attack craft, convettes, and coastal patrol boats. The Nigerian Air Force (9,000) flies transports, trainers, helicopters, and fighter aircraft; however, most of their vehicles are currently not operational. Recently, Marshal of the Nigerian Air Force, Sadique Abubakar, suggested the purchase of equipment after dumping the non-operational vehicles.
Foreign relations[edit]
Main article: Foreign relations of Nigeria
Nigeria currently has better foreign relations with its neighbours, due to its current state of democracy. It is a member of the African Union and sits on that organization's Peace and Security Council. In 1960, Nigeria joined both the United Nations and the Commonwealth of Nations; however, they were briefly suspended between 1995 and 1999.
See also[edit]
Nigeria portal
Politics portal
Senate of Nigeria
National Assembly of Nigeria
List of Nigerian state governors
Nigerian Civil Service
List of Nigerian states
Nigerian Prisons Services
Chief Justice of Nigeria
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "separation of powers". TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved 2016-02-23.
Jump up ^ "Checks and Balances". www.factmonster.com. Retrieved 2016-02-23.
Jump up ^ solutions, EIU digital. "Democracy Index 2016 - The Economist Intelligence Unit". www.eiu.com. Retrieved 2017-12-01.
Jump up ^ "SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". Newswatch Times. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.
Jump up ^ "Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.
Jump up ^ "Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.
Jump up ^ "BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.
Jump up ^ "Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by One Economy Corporation. Archived from the original on February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.
Jump up ^ "ALOMA MUKHTAR: Making of Nigeria's Female CJN". P.M. News. Independent Communications Network Limited. July 16, 2012. Archived from the original on July 2, 2014. Retrieved July 17, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "USAID Nigeria mission: Nigeria administrative divisions" October 2004
External links[edit]
Official website
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Flo (Progressive)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Flo
Flo, as portrayed by actress Stephanie Courtney
First appearance
2008
Created by
Arnold Worldwide
Portrayed by
Stephanie Courtney
Company
Progressive Corporation
Information
Aliases
The Progressive Girl
Gender
Female
Occupation
Insurance salesperson
Nationality
American
Flo is a fictional salesperson character appearing in more than 100 commercials for Progressive Corporation, beginning in 2008. Portrayed by actress and comedian Stephanie Courtney, the character has developed a fan base on social networks and has become an iconic advertising mascot.[1][2][3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Broadcast history
2 Characterization
3 Flo's family
4 Popularity
5 References
6 External links
Broadcast history[edit]
The character debuted in 2008 through several television commercials and has since appeared in radio and print advertisements and web banners. "Flo", an upbeat store employee for Progressive Corporation, was created by the Boston-based agency Arnold Worldwide,[4] specifically copywriter John Park and art director Steve Reepmeyer.[5] Some have noticed that FLO has some resemblance in style and appearance to Chrissy Hynde of the Pretenders, especially when she sings, "Stand by You"- one of Chrissy's songs.
In 2011, Progressive introduced an Australian counterpart to Flo, named Kitty,[6] played by Australian actress Holly Austin.[7]
As of November 2014, Flo had appeared in 100 commercials.
Characterization[edit]
Flo is a cashier and is recognizable by her extreme enthusiasm, name tag, sparkling white no-wrinkles uniform, upbeat personality, heavy makeup, and retro hairstyle. According to Courtney, it takes one hour to prepare Flo's hair and another to apply her make-up.[8] A December 15, 2008 article in Advertising Age described Flo as "a weirdly sincere, post-modern Josephine the Plumber who just really wants to help. She has: the brand is flourishing."[9] This was later echoed in an article from Duane Dudek in the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel on May 20, 2014, who credits Flo for inspiring a new trend of female commercial pitch people and cementing her legacy alongside Josephine and Palmolive Dishwashing Detergent's Madge the Manicurist.[10]
Flo's family[edit]
In November 2014, Progressive aired its 100th advertisement featuring Flo and introduced other members of her family including her mother, father, brother, sister, and grandfather. All of these characters were also played by Courtney, who was reported to have spent about 12 hours doing hair and makeup transitions for the recording.[11]
Popularity[edit]
In October 2009, the Boston Herald referred to Flo as "the commercial break's new sweetheart" and said Courtney was "attaining TV ad icon status". The same article also reported that she was the subject of a popular Halloween costume. At that time, a Facebook page called "Flo, the Progressive Girl" had garnered a little over one million fans. As of January 18, 2015[update], the Facebook page has more than 5.43 million likes. There are multiple websites dedicated to her, and she is popular on Twitter and various internet forums.[12] While Flo’s brand has reached fans, the volume of commercials and the type of humor is off-putting to others, placing her into the category of "love her or hate her." [13][14] Fan interest notwithstanding, Courtney's own opinion is that the GEICO gecko "puts out more sexual vibes than Flo does".[15]
Flo was added as a downloadable character in the video game ModNation Racers in late 2010, complete with her own Progressive kart.[16][17]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Garcia, Chris (October 20, 2008). "The Strange Allure of the Progressive Insurance Girl". Austin American-Statesman. ISSN 1553-8451. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Inman, David (December 14, 2008). "TV Q&A with David Inman". Boston Herald. ISSN 0738-5854. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Scholer, Makeli (September 2, 2009). "Who is This Girl in Progressive Insurance TV Commercials?". AMS Insurance.
Jump up ^ Staff (2011). "Progressive". Arnold Worldwide. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Check Out". Brickyard VFX. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Staff (2012). "Home". Australia: Progressive Direct Insurance Company. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Biography for Holly Austin on IMDb
Jump up ^ Parsley, Aaron (September 2, 2009). "5 Things to Know About TV's Progressive Insurance Lady". People. ISSN 0093-7673. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Garfield, Bob (December 15, 2008). "The Bobby Awards". Advertising Age. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Dudek, Duane (May 20, 2014). "Progressive's Flo extends a spokeswoman tradition that goes back to Josephine the Plumber". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. The Dudek Abides Blog.
Jump up ^ Ashley Rodriguez (November 12, 2014). "Flo's Progressive Evolution". adage.com. Advertising Age. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Falcone, Lauren Beckham (October 7, 2009). "Insurance pitchgirl a surprise TV hit". Boston Herald. ISSN 0738-5854. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ https://consumerist.com/2012/10/24/i-hate-progressive-insurance-for-waking-me-up-over-and-over/
Jump up ^ http://commercialhate.blogspot.com/2009/01/progressive-insurance-commercial-hate.html
Jump up ^ "Progressive Girl Has Strange Pull On WSB-TV Channel 2 Viewers". Atlanta, Georgia: WSB-TV. December 2, 2008. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Coker, Jason (October 4, 2010). "ModNation Monday: Free Mod, 'Family Guy' Spotlight Next Week!". PlayStation.Blog (Sony Computer Entertainment America). Retrieved June 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Russell, Ramone (November 15, 2010). "ModNation Monday: Carnival Parts Pack and 'Free' Progressive Kart next week!". PlayStation.Blog (Sony Computer Entertainment America). Retrieved June 2, 2012.
External links[edit]
Media related to Cosplay of Flo at Wikimedia Commons
Flo on Facebook
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