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I Love New York 2
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I Love New York 2
The cast of I Love New York 2
Created by
Cris Abrego
Mark Cronin
Starring
Tiffany Pollard
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
13
Production
Executive producer(s)
Cris Abrego
Mark Cronin
Ben Samek
Running time
60 minutes (Including Commercials)
Release
Original network
VH1
Original release
October 8, 2007 – January 6, 2008
Chronology
Preceded by
I Love New York
Followed by
I Love Money
New York Goes To Hollywood
Real Chance of Love
Frank the Entertainer... in a Basement Affair
External links
Website
www.ilovenewyork2.com
I Love New York 2 was a reality television show on VH1 that starred Tiffany "New York" Pollard who was on a quest to find her true love. Her relationship with season one's winner, Tango, ended shortly after the season concluded. Unlike the first season, Mauricio Sanchez did not return as "Chamo", New York's assistant. Instead of "Chamo", New York had "Big Ant" (Anthony) as her assistant, and "bodyguard". The show premiered on October 8, 2007, and featured twenty men competing to be the winner.
The runner up of season two was Ezra "Buddha" Masters who was defeated by George "Tailor Made" Weisgerber III.[1] As of August 2008, Pollard and Weisgerber are no longer together.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Contestants
2 Elimination Order
3 Episodes
3.1 Let's Do It Again!
3.2 Flowers From Fishburne
3.3 The Stolen Date
3.4 Nobody Likes A Snitch
3.5 Blood Oath Gone Bad
3.6 Nip/Suck
3.7 I Still Have Love For New York
3.8 Mind Games
3.9 Meet The Parents
3.10 Miami Thrice
3.11 Clip Show
3.12 Rasta Finale
3.13 Reunion Show
4 Viewer participation
4.1 Controversy
5 DVD release
6 After the show
7 References
8 External links
Contestants[edit]
Nickname
Real Name
Eliminated
Tailor Made George Weisgerber[1] 13 !Winner
Buddha Ezra Masters 09 !Episode 12
Punk David Otunga 10 !Episode 10
The Entertainer Frank Maresca 09 !Episode 9
Mr. Wise Solomon Wise 08 !Episode 8
Pretty Juan McCullum 07 !Episode 7 (Quit)
Wolf Greg Harris 06 !Episode 6
It Kwame Smalls 05 !Episode 5
Midget Mac Torrey Samuels 05 !Episode 5
20 Pack Nico Vasquez 04 !Episode 4
Cheezy Matthew Levy[3] 03 !Episode 3
Man Man Collin Anthony Vickers 03 !Episode 3
Knock Out Deandre Allberry 02 !Episode 2
Unsure Jared Roberts 02 !Episode 2 (Quit)
Yours Lafayette Brown 02 !Episode 2
Champion Jimmy Houston 01 !Episode 1
Doc Dwight Holliday 01 !Episode 1
Ears David Cuevas 01 !Episode 1
Milliown Jamal Bryant 01 !Episode 1
Sweetie Pie Darnell Wright 01 !Episode 1
^[a] Buddha was eliminated in Episode 4 for violence, was brought back in Episode 5, and was runner up.
Elimination Order[edit]
New York's Call-out Order
#
Contestants
Episodes
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
1
20 Pack Entertainer Buddha1 Tailor Made2 Mr. Wise1 Punk2 Tailor Made Buddha Punk Tailor Made Tailor Made Tailor Made
2
Buddha Pretty Midget Mac2 It1 Entertainer Tailor Made Buddha2 Entertainer Tailor Made Punk Buddha Buddha
3
Cheezy Buddha Entertainer Punk It Mr. Wise Punk Mr. Wise Entertainer2 Buddha Punk
4
Doc Mr. Wise Man Man Buddha Midget Mac Pretty Entertainer Punk Buddha Entertainer
5
It Man Man Punk Midget Mac Pretty Wolf Pretty Tailor Made Mr. Wise
6
Knock Out Wolf Cheezy Pretty Punk Entertainer Mr. Wise Pretty
7
Man Man Yours Mr. Wise 20 Pack Tailor Made Buddha Wolf2
8
Midget Mac 20 Pack 20 Pack Wolf Wolf It
9
Unsure Punk Pretty Mr. Wise 20 Pack1 Midget Mac
10
Wolf Cheezy Wolf Entertainer Buddha
11
Champion Tailor Made1 It Cheezy1
12
Pretty Knock Out Tailor Made1 Man Man
13
Punk Unsure Yours
14
Tailor Made It Knock Out
15
Yours Midget Mac Unsure
16
Ears Sweetie Pie
17
Entertainer Ears
18
Milliown Doc
19
Mr. Wise Champion
20
Sweetie Pie Milliown
The contestant won the competition
The contestant was chosen by New York's mother
The contestant was chosen by producers
The contestant was chosen by internet viewers
The contestant received a chain before the elimination ceremony.
The contestant voluntarily left the competition
The contestant was disqualified
The contestant was brought back into the competition
The contestant was eliminated
1 The contestant won a group date with New York.
2 The contestant won a solo date with New York.
Episode 4 is in alphabetical order because there was no elimination order due to violence, with the exception of Mr. Wise who in fact did receive a chain.
Episode 7 is also in alphabetical order because Pretty voluntarily left the show before the elimination. Thus, there was no elimination order because no other contestants were eliminated.
Episode 11 is a clip-show entitled I Love New York: The Recap With Benefits.
Episodes[edit]
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Let's Do It Again![edit]
First aired October 8, 2007
New York is back for a brand new season with 20 new men. This season things are different and New York has picked 5 men from the internet, Sister Patterson has also picked 5 men called the "mama's boys". During the mixer, some suitors make a bad impression to New York and her mother. Wolf reveals that he has a big penis causing New York to laugh. At elimination, New York eliminates 5 men Sweetie Pie, Champion, Milliown, Ears, and, Doc were eliminated. 3 out of 5 men who were picked on the internet were eliminated on the first night, 1 was from the "mama's boys",and 1 was picked by producers.
Eliminated: Sweetie Pie, Champion, Milliown, Ears, Doc
Flowers From Fishburne[edit]
First aired October 15, 2007 (3.2M viewers)[4]
Now down to 15 men, New York invites the guys to a pond where they must prove their love by swimming to her and presenting her with a gift. The guys who make the best impressions will receive dates with New York. Midget Mac nearly drowned after his floatation device popped and Buddha saved him. When the guys find out that one of their housemates is "re-gifting", they proceed to tell NY about it. In true New York fashion, she lets the poor guy have it. Will he be one of the three to be eliminated, or will he squirm his way out of the mouth of danger? Meanwhile, a huge controversy arises when one suitor intercepts another man's flowers for NY, and presents them as his own. The only thing better than the drama is his story of where the flowers came from. Unsure decided to quit the competition because the jacket that he gave to New York wasn't for her, instead was for his sister and the other guys got upset about this and told this to New York and he told her that he won't be with people who don't do the right thing but he remains in the house until the elimination where New York threw his jacket and kicked him off very angrily. After this she sent home "Yours" because he spent all the time sleeping and he drew an unflattering picture of New York, this upset Sister Patterson because Yours was a "Mama's boy". She also sent home Knock Out because of his looks and his violent tendencies.
Challenge: Swim across a pond and present New York with a present.
Challenge Winners: Buddha, Midget Mac, Tailor Made
Eliminated: Yours, Knock Out
Withdrew: Unsure
The Stolen Date[edit]
First aired October 22, 2007
With 12 guys left, some of the boys play a prank on a few of the "less popular" men that keeps them up all night. The sleep deprived few head into the days challenge a complete mess, but will the prank-ees have the last laugh at the end of the day? Wanting a man who can help build her financial empire, NY asks the boys to create a marketing plan to build her brand name. Some ideas are legitimate and professional and some are off the charts. Later, one of the guys from the winning team steals a private date with New York away from his teammate. The result is an angry house waiting for the back-stabber on his return. The following day, during a fashion photo shoot, someone gets down on his knees to impress New York. New York may have to send home more than one man. Man Man and Cheezy were both eliminated.
Challenge: Create a plan for New York's empire.
Teams
Blue: Wolf, Buddha, 20 Pack
Green: Mr. Wise, Punk, Pretty
Yellow: Midget Mac, Man Man, The Entertainer
Red: It, Cheezy, Tailor Made
Challenge Winners: It, Cheezy, Tailor Made
Eliminated: Cheezy, Man Man
Nobody Likes A Snitch[edit]
First aired October 29, 2007
New York has barely wiped the morning out of her eyes when a fight breaks out between Tailor Made and Buddha. Although NY can be a tolerant person, violence is non-negotiable and she is faced with the tough decision to let Buddha go. Eager to see how the other boys deal with aggression, NY brings them to a Muy Thai gym where she tests their ability to take a good old-fashioned beating, with a new-fashioned twist. The team who handles the challenge the best, wins a date with NY. Back at the mansion, tensions rise as a "snitch" is revealed among the men. This "snitch" will stop at nothing to get ahead and ultimately win NY's heart. During her double date, NY reveals some gossip she heard from this source. Things come to a real heat when the guys confront Tailor Made back at the house. Before the night is over, curses, heated threats and gross injustices are exchanged. A fight between Tailor Made and Mr. Wise breaks out, in which Tailor Made spits on Mr. Wise. When Tailor Made reveals this to New York, she is pissed because she gets a flashback to when Pumkin spat on her in Flavor of Love (season 1) . New York is confronted with yet another act of violence under her roof. In the end, 20 pack is eliminated.
Disqualified: Buddha
Challenge: Team that performs the best in the boxing match wins.
Teams
Pink: The Entertainer, Wolf
Yellow: Punk, Pretty
Black: It, Midget Mac
Blue: Tailor Made
Red: Mr. Wise, 20 Pack
Challenge Winners: Mr. Wise, 20 Pack
Eliminated: 20 Pack
Blood Oath Gone Bad[edit]
First aired November 5, 2007 (3.5M viewers)[5]
After snitching, fighting, and spitting, and nearly getting eliminated, Tailor Made is the house enemy and anxiously waits for an opportunity to redeem himself. The guys find out the next challenge will involve an offering and a blood oath to test their devotion to their goddess New York. When "It" refuses to sign, and another signs an oath that includes obvious lies, New York is left worried about who she can really trust. Later that night there are some strange events in the house, which are hard to explain and make everyone wonder just how powerful spirits and lies can be. A visit from Sister Patterson ends in an argument with The Entertainer, putting him on thin ice. At the elimination, New York eliminates Midget Mac because she thinks he needs more time to overcome the loss of his deceased wife and time to be with his children. She also eliminates It, accusing him of being a fake and too dumb for her. The guys are in for an even bigger surprise when she brings Buddha back.
Challenge: Offer something sentimental to New York and sign a blood oath.
Challenge Winner: Punk
Eliminated: It, Midget Mac
Brought Back: Buddha
Nip/Suck[edit]
First aired November 12, 2007
New York surprises the guys with the return of Buddha. Tailor Made is unhappy as his world is suddenly turned upside down and he fears for his life. Later, the guys compete in a cooking challenge run by Season 1 favorite, "Mr. Boston". New York must endure tasting the boys' cooking. New York also gets a guest spot on the show "Nip/Tuck," and she takes Wolf along to keep her company. At the set, Wolf in the trailer farts so loud it wakes New York up. He blames this fart on the tuna she fed him, saying it tasted like a "cow tongue". She was very shocked by this but on set she surprisingly remembered her lines. At eliminations, she let Wolf go, claiming he was too much of a "country bumpkin". Jokingly, she said before he left, "We can get some ribs together or whatever y'all do in Texas."
Challenge: Cook a meal for New York.
Challenge Winners: Buddha, Wolf
Eliminated: Wolf
I Still Have Love For New York[edit]
First aired November 19, 2007 (4.39M viewers)[6]
New York invites the remaining six guys' exes to the house and this time, there's a special twist involved. She's bringing two of her exes, Chance and Real, to help dig up some dirt on her guys. The only problem is that feelings resurface when the old flame admits he still has serious feelings for New York. When her "new" guys catch wind of this, all hell breaks loose. Later on, Pretty quits the competition because of the interrogating his sister received and New York asking her way too personal questions regarding his sexuality. At eliminations, no one was eliminated as a result of Pretty leaving the mansion.
Withdrew: Pretty
Mind Games[edit]
First aired November 26, 2007
With 5 guys left, New York wants to find out who's the most compatible with her and who's just plain crazy, when she takes the boys for a psych test. Things get tense, when it is revealed that one of the guys, who has been frustrating New York with mind games, may be using her to further his acting career. Her feelings for this person are thrown even more up in the air. After the test, the most compatible guy wins date with New York and discovers that three's a crowd at an exotic restaurant. The next day, New York brings her boys to see her therapist, renowned relationship author Dr. Allen, for a session of couple's counseling. Here, New York discovers that the individual she secretly has the strongest emotions for, is the one who also has been frustrating her the most. Also, Buddha is accused of being on a BET show called Hell Date. New York questions him and Buddha tells her that he is indeed on the show, and she becomes very upset with this information she received. Later, The Entertainer, the winner of the challenge, goes on a date with her. Back at the house, the guys play a prank on The Entertainer and he plays a trick himself by pretending to leave. After the jokes, it was eliminations where Mr. Wise was sent home for not being aggressive enough.
Challenge: Take a psych test.
Challenge Winners: The Entertainer
Eliminated: Mr. Wise
Meet The Parents[edit]
First aired December 3, 2007
With only four guys left, it is time to clean house. New York has invited some special guests - the guy's parents, so she gets her boys to scour and scrub her house for their arrival. Upon meeting her possible future in-laws it doesn't take long for New York to realize that these apples don't fall very far from the tree. While some parents are instantly in awe by New York, it takes others a little longer to warm up to her. Later, New York takes two of the families out to dinner, but before they can even break bread, all hell breaks loose. Hoping to make the next family outing a bit calmer, New York stays closer to home, but again is unable to create a happy family reunion. In the end, New York learns a very valuable lesson: You can't choose your family, but you can choose your lover and his family. Possible in-laws become outlaws as The Entertainer is sent packing because New York claims that he is a "loser" for the fact that he lives with his parents, and that he is so cheap.
Dates
The Entertainer & Punk: Dinner date with family.
Buddha & Tailor Made: Date in the backyard with family.
Eliminated: The Entertainer
Miami Thrice[edit]
First aired December 10, 2007
After the last elimination, New York tells her final three men to pack their bags because they're heading to Miami. Miami is a party city, but things quickly get serious when New York invites one man to spend some alone time in her beachfront villa room the first night, leaving the other two shocked and angry. As New York spends quality time with each man, she starts to realize that two of these guys are totally devoted and in love with her while one is manipulative and hard to trust. At elimination New York must decide whether to listen to her mind or her heart and lets Punk go. Punk is eliminated, and Sister Paterson questions her decision. She says to New York, "You're dead meat, girl!" indicating that she believes that New York made the wrong choice for herself.
Eliminated: Punk
Clip Show[edit]
First aired December 12, 2007
A catch up with New York, with bonus scenes not aired on TV.
Rasta Finale[edit]
First aired December 17, 2007 (5.4M viewers)[7]
Winner: Tailor Made
Runner-Up: Buddha
Reunion Show[edit]
First aired January 6, 2008 (4.86M viewers)[8]
All of the men are back to talk about this season with New York and Sister Paterson. Where New York accepts Tailor Made's proposal.
Viewer participation[edit]
Fans of I Love New York were encouraged to choose 5 of the 20 contestants for the second season. New York has stated the men should be from 21–36 years of age, and straight, believed to be a recommendation because of questioned sexual orientation of some first season contestants (in reference to 12 Pack and Heat). A VH1 special on October 1, 2007 revealed the 5 men with the most votes. The five men who were chosen as the contestants are above on the elimination chart in the color yellow.
Controversy[edit]
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VH1 has been accused of changing the amount of the votes contestants receive. Voters claimed to have observed a drop in votes, namely for TheFireman, for whom there had been an observable drop from 11,000+ votes to little more than 7,000. This drop put him in sixth place from first. This is thought to be the case as this contestant doesn't seem to meet the criteria of people that VH1 would like to have on the show.
The possible dates of the show have been accused of cheating as well. It would be possible for someone to write an automatic registration and voting script.
A huge amount of support has been formed to back up "The Fireman". The Entertainer has gained large amounts of votes in unison with Tomzenns. Both contestants have almost no support but continue to win. Royalty has officially dropped out of the race although he remains in Round 2. In a brief statement on his myspace page, he mentioned "The Fireman" as one of few remaining contestants to be legitimate.[citation needed] Ilovenewyork2.com is now the site for the show and the casting call website now redirects to Flavoroflovecasting.com, which has since closed for casting.
DVD release[edit]
The I Love New York: The Complete Unrated Second Season DVD was released June 3, 2008 along with the Flavor of Love 3. All episodes including the casting and reunion specials were on it, and a supertrailer.
After the show[edit]
Midget Mac (Torrey) appeared on the first season of I Love Money, where he was the first contestant to be eliminated.
The Entertainer (Frank Maresca) appeared on the first and second seasons of VH1's I Love Money. He was also given his own show, Frank the Entertainer... in a Basement Affair, which premiered January 3, 2010, on VH1.[9]
Tailor Made (George Weisgerber), Buddha (Ezra Masters), It (Kwame Smalls), and 20 Pack (Nico) appeared on the second season of I Love Money.
Wolf (Greg) and Pretty (Wyatt) were contestants on the canceled third season of I Love Money.[10]
20 Pack (Nico) and Cheezy (Matthew) appeared on the fourth season of I Love Money, with Cheezy being eliminated on the first episode and 20 Pack on the second.
New York ended her relationship with Tailor Made on her subsequent show New York Goes to Hollywood.
Punk (David Otunga) is currently engaged to Jennifer Hudson, with whom he has a child, and is an active wrestler in WWE.
Buddha appeared in a McDonald's commercial in 2009. He was also on an episode of Gay, Straight or Taken? in 2007, appearing as the straight contestant, an episode of the BET show Hell Date, and I Love Money (season 2) in 2009.[11][12] Buddha also made several appearances on Cinemax late night series Zane's Sex Chronicles, as Hunter. Buddha has also appeared on TLC's Battle of the Wedding Designers with fiancee Xenia.[citation needed]
Milliown whose real name is Jamal Rashead Trulove, was accused of murdering Seu Kuka, 28, of San Francisco, three weeks after I Love New York 2 was filmed, according to the district attorney's office.[13] He was later convicted.[14]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Kaplan, Don (December 18, 2007). "New York In Love - Tailor Made Suits VH1 Star". New York Post. p. 83. Retrieved March 9, 2010.
Jump up ^ Kaplan, Don (August 3, 2008). "Star Trek - 'New York' Tries Her Luck in Hollywood". New York Post. p. 5. Retrieved July 20, 2010.
Jump up ^ Rohan, Virginia (December 23, 2008). "REALITY CHECK ; School teaches TV hopefuls how to get noticed". The Record. p. F01. Retrieved September 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ Umstead, R Thomas (October 17, 2007). "VH1 Scores With Celebrity Reality Shows; 'The Salt-N-Pepa Show' and 'Gotti's Way'd Start Strong". Multichannel News. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Crupi, Anthony (November 13, 2007). "ESPN Sits Atop Ratings Pile With Strong MNF". Mediaweek. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "ESPN's 'Monday Night Football' cable television's most-watched show for week of Nov. 19-25". Associated Press. November 30, 2007. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Nordyke, Kimberly; Gough, Paul J. (19 December 2007). "Showtime's 'Dexter' on fire". The Hollywood Reporter. 402. p. 6. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Crupi, Anthony (January 8, 2008). "USA Rings In New Year With Ratings Win". Mediaweek. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Frank the Entertainer… in a Basement Affair". vh1.com.
Jump up ^ http://www.vh1access.net/2010/10/i-love-money-3-elimination-order.htmlv
Jump up ^ http://www.mahalo.com/buddha-i-love-new-york-2
Jump up ^ http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2487935/
Jump up ^ "Former reality TV contestant on trial for murder". The San Francisco Examiner.
Jump up ^ Van, Jaxon (February 10, 2010). "TV show contender guilty of murder". San Francisco Chronicle. p. C.3. Retrieved July 20, 2010.
External links[edit]
Official Website
I Love New York 2 on IMDb
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Economy of Madagascar
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Economy of Madagascar
Rice paddies in Madagascar
Currency
Malagasy ariary (MGA)
Fiscal year
calendar year
Trade organisations
WTO
African Union
Statistics
GDP
USD 108 billion (2014 est.) (PPP)
GDP rank
68th (IMF, nominal),
73rd (CIA, nominal)
GDP growth
8.2% (2014 est.)
GDP per capita
USD 4,060$ (2012, IMF.)
GDP by sector
services (54.5%),
agriculture (28.1%),
industry (17.4%) (2014 est.)
Inflation (CPI)
6.1% (2014 est.)
Gini coefficient
37.4
Labour force
12.15 million (2014 est.)
Unemployment
5.9%
Main industries
meat processing, soap, breweries, tanneries, sugar, textiles, glassware, cement, automobile manufacturing, paper, petroleum, tourism,
Ease-of-doing-business rank
167th (2017)[1]
External
Exports
$864.8 million (2014 est.)[2]
Export goods
coffee, vanilla, shellfish, sugar, cotton cloth, clothing, chromite, petroleum products
Main export partners
France 21.6%
United States 10.6%
Germany 8.8%
China 8.3%
Netherlands 5.7%
Canada 4.9%
Belgium 4.5%
Japan 4.4%
South Africa 4.1% (2013 est.)[2]
Imports
$2.742 billion (2014 est.)[2]
Import goods
capital goods, consumer goods, food
Main import partners
China 19.4%
France 11.9%
India 6.4%
South Africa 5.6%
Bahrain 4.6%
UAE 4.3%
Mauritius 4.2% (2014 est.)[2]
Public finances
Public debt
USD $3.63 billion (2014 est.)
Revenues
USD $2.375 billion
Expenses
USD $2.741 billion
Economic aid
recipient: $838 million (1997)
Main data source: CIA World Fact Book
All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars.
The economy of Madagascar is a market economy and is supported by Madagascar's well-established agricultural industry and emerging tourism, textile and mining industries. Malagasy agriculture produces tropical staple crops such as rice and cassava, as well as cash crops such as vanilla and coffee. Madagascar's wealth of natural resources supports its sizable mining industry. Additionally, Madagascar's status as a developing nation exempts Malagasy exports from customs protocol in some areas, notably the United States and European Union. These exemptions have supported the growth of the Malagasy textile industry. Despite Madagascar's natural resources and developing industries, the 2009 Malagasy political crisis—considered by the international community to be an illegal coup[3]—deterred foreign investments in Madagascar and caused the Malagasy economy to decline.[4] Foreign investments have resumed following the resumption of elections in early 2014.[citation needed]
Contents
[hide]
1 Agriculture
2 Textiles
3 Mining
4 Investment climate
5 Food security, vulnerability and risk management
6 Poverty reduction
7 Facts and figures
8 See also
9 References
10 Bibliography
11 External links
Agriculture[edit]
Main article: Agriculture of Madagascar
Agriculture, including fishing and forestry, is Madagascar's largest industry and employs 82% of its labor force.[2] Madagascar's varied climate, ranging from tropical along the coasts, moderate in the highlands and arid in the south, allows for the cultivation of tropical crops such as rice, cassava, beans and bananas.[2] In 2011, agricultural products—especially cloves, vanilla, cacao, sugar, pepper, and coffee—accounted for Madagascar's top twelve exports by value.[5] Madagascar produces the second largest vanilla harvest in the world and Malagasy vanilla accounts for about a quarter of the global vanilla market.[6]
Textiles[edit]
Exports from Madagascars' Export Processing Zones, located around Antananarivo and Antsirabe, account for the majority of garment exports[citation needed] and are largely exempt from customs restrictions in the United States under the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA)[7] and in the European Union under the Everything But Arms (EBA) agreement.[8]
Mining[edit]
A small but growing part of the economy is based on mining of ilmenite, with investments emerging in recent years, particularly near Tulear and Fort Dauphin.[9] Mining corporation Rio Tinto Group started production at its Fort Dauphin mine in January 2009,[10] following several years of preparation. The mining project is highly controversial, with Friends of the Earth and other environmental organizations filing reports to detail their concerns about the mine's effect on the environment and local communities.[11] Gemstone mining is also an important part of Madagascar's economy.
Several major projects are underway in the mining and oil and gas sectors that, if successful, will give a significant boost. In the mining sector, these include the development of coal at Sakoa and nickel near Tamatave. The Ambatovy nickel mine (Sherrit International 40%, Sumitomo 27.5%, Korea Resources 27.5%, SNC-Lavalin 5%) is a huge operation and has cost USD $4.76 million to date [12] and is due to start production in 2011. In oil, Madagascar Oil is developing the massive onshore heavy oil field at Tsimiroro and ultra heavy oil field at Bemolanga.
Tulear
Investment climate[edit]
This article may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may only interest a specific audience. Please help by spinning off or relocating any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against Wikipedia's inclusion policy. (March 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Former President Marc Ravalomanana of Madagascar
Following the 2002 political crisis, the government attempted to set a new course and build confidence, in coordination with international financial institutions and donors. Madagascar developed a recovery plan in collaboration with the private sector and donors and presented it at a "Friends of Madagascar" conference organized by the World Bank in Paris in July 2002. Donor countries demonstrated their confidence in the new government by pledging $1 billion in assistance over five years. The Malagasy Government identified road infrastructure as its principle priority and underlined its commitment to public-private partnership by establishing a joint public-private sector steering committee.
The Madagascar-U.S. Business Council was formed as a collaboration between the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and Malagasian artisan producers in Madagascar in 2002.[13] The U.S.-Madagascar Business Council was formed in the United States in May 2003, and the two organisations continue to explore ways to work for the benefit of both groups.
The government of former President Marc Ravalomanana was aggressively seeking foreign investment and had planned to tackle many of the obstacles to such investment, including combating corruption, reforming land-ownership laws, encouraging study of American and European business techniques, and active pursuit of foreign investors. President Ravalomanana rose to prominence through his agro-foods TIKO company, and is known for attempting to apply many of the lessons learned in the world of business to running the government. Prior to Ravalomanana's resignation, concerns had arisen about the conflict of interest between his policies and the activities of his firms. Most notable among them the preferential treatment for rice imports initiated by the government in late 2004 when responding to a production shortfall in the country.
Madagascar’s appeal to investors stems from its competitive, trainable work force. More than 200 investors, particularly garment manufacturers, were organized under the country’s export processing zone (EPZ) system since it was established in 1989. The absence of quota limits on textile imports to the European market under the Lome Convention helped stimulate this growth.
Port Toamasina
Growth in output in 1992–97 averaged less than the growth rate of the population. Growth has been held back by a decline in world coffee demand, and the erratic commitment of the government to economic reform.[14][15] During a period of solid growth from 1997 to 2001, poverty levels remained stubbornly high, especially in rural areas. A six-month political crisis triggered by a dispute over the outcome of the presidential elections held in December 2001 virtually halted economic activity in much of the country in the first half of 2002. Real GDP dropped 12.7% in 2002, inflows of foreign investment dropped sharply, and the crisis tarnished Madagascar's budding reputation as an AGOA standout and a promising place to invest. After the crisis, the economy rebounded with GDP growth of over 10% in 2003. Currency depreciation and rising inflation in 2004 hampered economic performance, but growth for the year reached 5.3%, with inflation reaching around 25% at the end of the year. In 2005 inflation was brought under control by tight monetary policy of raising the Taux Directeur (central bank rate) to 16% and tightening reserve requirements for banks. Thus growth was expected to reach around 6.5% in 2005.
Following the 2002 political crisis, the government attempted to set a new course and build confidence, in coordination with international financial institutions and donors. Madagascar developed a recovery plan in collaboration with the private sector and donors and presented it at a "Friends of Madagascar" conference organized by the World Bank in Paris in July 2002. Donor countries demonstrated their confidence in the new government by pledging $1 billion in assistance over five years. The Malagasy Government identified road infrastructure as its principle priority and underlined its commitment to public-private partnership by establishing a joint public-private sector steering committee.
The Madagascar-U.S. Business Council was formed as a collaboration between the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and Malagasian artisan producers in Madagascar in 2002.[13] The U.S.-Madagascar Business Council was formed in the United States in May 2003, and the two organisations continue to explore ways to work for the benefit of both groups.
Food security, vulnerability and risk management[edit]
Main article: Food Security in Madagascar
Vibrant Antananarivo is the political and economic capital of Madagascar
Despite a wealth of abundant and diverse natural resources, Madagascar is one of the world’s poorest countries. Madagascar holds great potential for agricultural development, mainly due to the large variety of soil types and climatic diversity. Nevertheless, natural hazards (cyclones, drought, locust invasions) combined with old-fashioned farming practices limit production.
The standard of living of the Malagasy population has been declining dramatically over the past 25 years. The country has gone from being a net exporter of agricultural products in the 1960s to a net importer since 1971. Inappropriate traditional agricultural methods cause soil to erode and soil quality to decline, and the basis of survival for Madagascar’s people is under serious threat.[16]
Poverty reduction[edit]
Local market vendors.
In 2000, Madagascar embarked on the preparation of a Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative. The boards of the IMF and of the World Bank concurred in December 2000 that the country was eligible under the HIPC Initiative, and Madagascar reached the decision point for debt relief. On March 1, 2001, the IMF Board granted the country $103 million for 2001–03 under the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGR). Resources were intended for improving access to health, education, rural roads, water, and direct support to communities. In addition, on March 7, 2001, the Paris Club approved a debt cancellation of $161 million. On February 28, 2001, the African Development Bank (ADB) approved under the HIPC a debt cancellation of $71.46 million and granted in June 2001 an additional credit of $20 million to fight against AIDS and poverty.
Partly as a result of these credits but also as a result of previous reforms, average GDP growth exceeded the population growth rate of 2.8% in 1997 (3.5%), 1998 (3.9%), 1999 (4.7%) and 2000 (4.8%).
In October 2004, the boards of the IMF and the World Bank determined that Madagascar had reached the completion point under the enhanced HIPC Initiative.
Facts and figures[edit]
Graphical depiction of Madagascar's product exports in 28 color-coded categories.
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 2.3%
highest 10%: 34.9% (1993)
Industrial production growth rate: 5% (1999 est.)
Electricity – production: 1.35 billion kWh (2009 est.)
Electricity – production by source:
fossil fuel: 69.5%
hydro: 30.5%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (2009)
Electricity – consumption: 1.256 billion kWh (2009 est.)
Electricity – exports: 0 kWh (2010)
Electricity – imports: 0 kWh (2010)
Exchange rates: Malagasy ariary (MGA) per US dollar - 2,195 (2012 est.) 2,025.1 (2011 est.) 2,090 (2010 est.) 1,956.2 (2009) 1,654.78 (2008)
See also[edit]
Economy of Africa
Illegal logging in Madagascar
Tourism in Madagascar
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Ease of Doing Business in Madagascar". Doingbusiness.org. Retrieved 2017-01-24.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f United States of America. "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "'SADC does not, cannot recognise Rajoelina'". Independent Online. Agence France-Presse. 19 March 2009.
Jump up ^ Republic of Madagascar (3 June 2014). "Letter of Intent, Memorandum of Economic and Financial Policies, and Technical Memorandum of Understanding" (PDF). International Monetary Fund. International Monetary Fund. p. 4. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
Jump up ^ United Nations. "Commodities by Country". FAOSTAT. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
Jump up ^ United Nations (16 June 2009). "Vanilla: Post-harvest Operations" (PDF). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. p. 14. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
Jump up ^ United States of America. "AGOA Eligibility". International Trade Administration. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
Jump up ^ European Union (30 April 2013). "Everything But Arms (EBA) – Who benefits?" (PDF). European Commission: Trade. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
Jump up ^ Madagascar – Mining: Heavy Minerals Mining. Mbendi.co.za. Retrieved on 2012-05-28.
Jump up ^ Media releases – Rio Tinto starts ilmenite production in Madagascar Archived 2011-09-30 at the Wayback Machine.. Rio Tinto. Retrieved on 2012-05-28.
Jump up ^ Rio Tinto's Madagascar mining project. Foe.co.uk. Retrieved on 2012-05-28.
Jump up ^ "Sherritt Provides Update on the Ambatovy Project" (PDF). Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved 2011-02-01. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link) . sherritt.com (2010-12-17)
^ Jump up to: a b "Made in Madagascar: Exporting Handicrafts to the U.S. Market: a Project with the UN Public-Private Alliance for Rural Development; Final Report", A Project with the UN Public-Private Alliance for Rural Development.
Jump up ^ FAO Statistic Yearbook 2010 – Resources
Jump up ^ The World Bank. Madagascar at a glance, 2/25/11
Jump up ^ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit web site
Bibliography[edit]
FAO Statistic Yearbook 2010 – Resources
The World Bank. Madagascar at a glance, 2/25/11, PDF
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Economy of Madagascar.
Economy of Madagascar at Curlie (based on DMOZ)
MBendi Madagascar overview
Madagascar latest trade data on ITC Trade Map
Why is Madagascar so poor?
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Robbie Kay
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 7 August 2017.
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Robbie Kay
Kay at the 2015 San Diego Comic-Con International
Born
Robert Andrew Kay[1]
(1995-09-13) 13 September 1995 (age 22)[1]
Lymington, Hampshire, England
Other names
Robbie A. Kay
Occupation
Actor
Years active
2006—present
Robert Andrew "Robbie" Kay (born 13 September 1995) is an English actor whose credits include Fugitive Pieces, Heroes Reborn, Pinocchio, Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides, and Peter Pan in the Once Upon a Time television series.
Contents
[hide]
1 Career
2 Reception
3 Personal life
4 Filmography
4.1 Television
5 Awards and nominations
6 References
7 External links
Career[edit]
Kay at Magic City ComicCon 2015.
Kay's family moved to the Czech Republic, where he saw a note for English-speaking children to be extras in a film on a school noticeboard. Despite a lack of previous acting experience, this led to him getting a speaking part in The Illusionist, but his scenes were eventually cut from the film.
After small roles in Hannibal Rising and My Boy Jack, the Canadian production company making Fugitive Pieces asked him to play the part of Young Jakob which involved a 9-week shooting schedule, three of which were on Greek islands.[2]
The people who made Fugitive Pieces had auditioned more than 150 boys before finding 10-year-old Robbie who had been living in Prague for two years.[3] He spent a year studying acting, singing, and dancing at one of Britain's Stagecoach theatre schools.[3] Kay appeared in a miniseries adaptation of Pinocchio, playing the title character.[citation needed] After finishing Pinocchio, he went on to play Sam, a boy diagnosed with leukemia in Ways To Live Forever screening in late 2010.[4] He appeared in Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides, playing the Cabin Boy. More recently, he portrayed Peter Pan in Once Upon a Time.[5][6] [7]
In March 2015, Kay was cast as a high school student named Tommy Clark in the TV series Heroes Reborn.[8]
Reception[edit]
Kay's work has been generally well received by the critics. Alicia Cox of Chatelaine wrote on his work in Fugitive Pieces: "Robbie Kay, who plays the young Jakob, gives a remarkable performance with little words and a lot of emotion. When he smiles (which isn't often) you can't help but be affected."[9]
Personal life[edit]
Kay was born in Lymington, Hampshire, England to Ivan and Stephanie Kay. He moved to Brussels, Belgium at an early age. He has two older sisters, Camilla and Fiona.[3]
In 2006, Kay and his family moved to Prague in the Czech Republic, where he attended the International School of Prague. He has been living in Houston, Texas since 2011.[10]
Filmography[edit]
Year
Film
Role
Notes
2007 Hannibal Rising Kolnas's Son credited as Robert Kay
2007 My Boy Jack Arthur Relp
2007 Fugitive Pieces Young Jakob
2008 Pinocchio Pinocchio
2008 Bathory Pals voice
2008 In Bruges Young Harry Deleted Scenes
2010 Made in Dagenham Graham
2010 Ways to Live Forever Sam McQueen
2011 Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides Cabin Boy Credited as Robbie Kay
2015 Flight World War II Nigel Sheffield credited as Robbie A. Kay
2016 Cold Moon Ben Redfield Post-production
2017 Locating Silver Lake Mack Post-production
2017 No Postage Necessary[11] Stanley Post-production
TBA Blood Fest[12] Dax Filming
Television[edit]
Year
Film
Role
Notes
2013, 2016 Once Upon a Time Peter Pan Recurring role; 15 episodes
2015–16 Heroes Reborn Tommy Clark Main role
2017 Grey's Anatomy Christopher Daniels Episode: "Back Where You Belong"
2017 Sleepy Hollow Logan MacDonald Recurring role
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Nominated work
Result
2009 Young Artist Awards Best Performance in an International Feature Film — Leading Young Performers Fugitive Pieces Nominated
Best Performance in a TV Movie, Miniseries, or Special — Leading Young Actor Pinocchio Nominated
2014 Teen Choice Awards Choice TV: Villain Once Upon a Time Nominated
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b sales@cvmc.net (CVMC Sales) (13 September 1995). "Robbie Kay profile". CVMC. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
Jump up ^ Old, David (29 July 2008). "Young acting star lands top role in Pinocchio". Evening Chronicle. Retrieved 17 February 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Fugitive Pieces" (PDF) (Press release). Samuel Goldwyn Films. 2008. Retrieved 17 February 2009.
Jump up ^ "Way To Life Forever Plot Summary". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "Interview: 'Once Upon A Time's Peter Pan - Robbie Kay". hitfix.com. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
Jump up ^ "'Once Upon a Time' exclusive: Robbie Kay returning as Peter Pan!". ew.com. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
Jump up ^ "Robbie Kay filmography". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie. "Robbie Kay Cast In 'Heroes Reborn' NBC Event Series". Deadline.com. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
Jump up ^ Cox, Alicia (7 September 2007). "Fugitive Pieces (review)". Chatelaine. Retrieved 17 February 2009.
Jump up ^ "Robbie Kay Q&A". kidzworld (Interview). Retrieved 23 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "No Postage Necessary (2017)". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 3 September 2016.
Jump up ^ Spangler, Todd (August 4, 2017). "Seychelle Gabriel to Star in Rooster Teeth's 'Blood Fest' Horror-Comedy Film". Variety. Retrieved August 7, 2017.
External links[edit]
Robbie Kay on IMDb
Robbie Kay at Flixster
Ways to live forever- The movie
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 171407596
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robbie_Kay&oldid=794348855"
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Pre-main-sequence star
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Star formation
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A pre-main-sequence star (also known as a PMS star and PMS object) is a star in the stage when it has not yet reached the main sequence. Earlier in its life, the object is a protostar that grows by acquiring mass from its surrounding envelope of interstellar dust and gas. After the protostar blows away this envelope, it is optically visible, and appears on the stellar birthline in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. At this point, the star has acquired nearly all of its mass but has not yet started hydrogen burning (i.e. nuclear fusion of hydrogen). The star then contracts, its internal temperature rising until it begins hydrogen burning on the zero age main sequence. This period of contraction is the pre-main sequence stage.[1][2][3][4] An observed PMS object can either be a T Tauri star, if it has fewer than 2 solar masses (M☉), or else a Herbig Ae/Be star, if it has 2 to 8 M☉. Yet more massive stars have no pre-main-sequence stage because they contract too quickly as protostars. By the time they become visible, the hydrogen in their centers is already fusing and they are main-sequence objects.
The energy source of PMS objects is gravitational contraction, as opposed to hydrogen burning in main-sequence stars. In the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, pre-main-sequence stars with more than 0.5 M☉ first move vertically downward along Hayashi tracks, then leftward and horizontally along Henyey tracks, until they finally halt at the main sequence. Pre-main-sequence stars with less than 0.5 M☉ contract vertically along the Hayashi track for their entire evolution.
PMS stars can be differentiated empirically from main-sequence stars by using stellar spectra to measure their surface gravity. A PMS object has a larger radius than a main-sequence star with the same stellar mass and thus has a lower surface gravity. Although they are optically visible, PMS objects are rare relative to those on the main sequence, because their contraction lasts for only 1 percent of the time required for hydrogen fusion. During the early portion of the PMS stage, most stars have circumstellar disks, which are the sites of planet formation.
See also[edit]
Star portal
Protoplanetary disk
Protostar
Stellar birthline
Stellar evolution
Young stellar object
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Richard B. Larson (10 September 2003). "The physics of star formation" (PDF). Reports on Progress in Physics. 66 (10): 1669–73. arXiv:astro-ph/0306595. Bibcode:2003RPPh...66.1651L. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/66/10/r03.
Jump up ^ Neil F. Comins; William J. Kaufmann III (2011). Discovering the Universe. p. 350. ISBN 978-1429255202.
Jump up ^ Derek Ward-Thompson; Anthony P. Whitworth (2011). An Introduction to Star Formation. Cambridge University Press. p. 119. ISBN 978-1107627468.
Jump up ^ Stahler, S. W. & Palla, F. (2004). The Formation of Stars. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. ISBN 3-527-40559-3.
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values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values:
/wiki/Pre-main-sequence_star
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values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

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values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

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values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: نجم قبل النسق الأساسي – Arabic

values:
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values: Estrella pre-seqüència principal – Catalan

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values: Estrella presecuencia principal – Spanish

values: Sekuentzia nagusiko aurreko izar – Basque

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values: Étoile de la pré-séquence principale – French

values: 전주계열성 – Korean

values: मुख्य अनुक्रम पूर्वी तारा – Hindi

values: Stella pre-sequenza principale – Italian

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values: მთავარ მიმდევრობამდელი ვარსკვლავი – Georgian

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values: Estrela pré-sequência principal – Portuguese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
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values: Звёзды до главной последовательности – Russian

values: Hviezda pred hlavnou postupnosťou – Slovak

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values: ดาวฤกษ์ก่อนแถบลำดับหลัก – Thai

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values: Зорі до головної послідовності – Ukrainian

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values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

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