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Royal Proclamation of 1763
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"Indian Magna Carta" redirects here. This term has also been applied to the United States Indian Reorganization Act.
A portion of eastern North America; the 1763 "proclamation line" is the border between the red and the pink areas.
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The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was issued October 7, 1763, by King George III following Great Britain's acquisition of French territory in North America after the end of the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War, which forbade all settlement west of a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains.[1] It rendered worthless land grants given by the British government to Americans who fought for the crown against France. The Proclamation angered American colonists, who wanted to continue their westward expansion into new lands for farming and keep local control over their settled area. The Royal Proclamation continues to be of legal importance to First Nations in Canada. The 1763 proclamation line is similar to the Eastern Continental Divide's path running northwards from Georgia to the Pennsylvania–New York border and north-eastwards past the drainage divide on the St. Lawrence Divide from there northwards through New England.
Contents
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1 Background
2 Provisions
2.1 New colonies
2.2 Native lands
2.2.1 Proclamation line
3 Legacy
3.1 Indigenous People of Treaty Six Territory
3.2 United States
3.3 250th anniversary celebrations
4 See also
5 Footnotes
6 Sources
7 Further reading
7.1 Canada
8 External links
Background[edit]
Main article: Great Britain in the Seven Years War
The Treaty of Paris was the official conclusion of the Seven Years' War, of which the French and Indian War was the North American theater. Under this treaty, France ceded ownership to Britain all of continental North America east of the Mississippi River, including Quebec, and the rest of Canada. Spain received all French territory west of the Mississippi. Both Spain and Britain received some French islands in the Caribbean. France kept a few small islands used by fishermen,[2] modern-day Haiti and the rich sugar island of Guadeloupe.
Provisions[edit]
New colonies[edit]
The Eastern (orange line) in the southern areas, and St. Lawrence (magenta line) watershed boundaries in the northern areas of this map more-or-less defined almost all of the Royal Proclamation's western boundaries
Besides regulating colonial expansion, the Proclamation of 1763 dealt with the management of inherited French colonies from the French and Indian War. It established government for four areas: Quebec, West Florida, East Florida, and Grenada.
Native lands[edit]
Some Native American peoples—primarily in the Great Lakes region—had a long and close relationship with France, and were dismayed to find that they were now under British sovereignty. They missed the amicable relationship with the French, along with the gifts they bestowed upon them, neither of which they had with the British. Pontiac's Rebellion (1763–66), a war launched by a group of natives around the Great Lakes and Ohio Valley, was an unsuccessful effort by the western tribes to push the British back. However tribes were able to take over a large number of the forts which commanded the waterways involved in trade within the region and export to Great Britain. The Proclamation of 1763 had been in the works before Pontiac's Rebellion, but the outbreak of the conflict hastened the process.[3] British officials hoped the proclamation would reconcile American Indians to British rule and help to prevent future hostilities.
Proclamation line[edit]
New borders drawn by the Royal Proclamation of 1763.
At the outset, the Royal Proclamation of 1763 defined the jurisdictional limits of the occupied territories of North America. Explaining parts of the Frontier expansion in North America, in Colonial America and especially Canada colony of New France, a diminutive new colony, the Province of Quebec was carved. The territory northeast of the St. John River on the Labrador coast was placed under the Newfoundland Colony.[4] The lands west of Quebec and west of a line running along the crest of the Allegheny mountains became Indian territory, temporarily barred to settlement, to the great disappointment of the land speculators of Virginia and Pennsylvania, who had started the Seven Years' War to gain these territories.[5] The proclamation created a boundary line (often called the proclamation line) between the British colonies on the Atlantic coast and American Indian lands (called the Indian Reserve) west of the Appalachian Mountains. The proclamation line was not intended to be a permanent boundary between the colonists and Aboriginal lands, but rather a temporary boundary which could be extended further west in an orderly, lawful manner.[6][7] It was also not designed as an uncrossable boundary; people could cross the line, just not settle past it. Its contour was defined by the headwaters that formed the watershed along the Appalachians. All land with rivers that flowed into the Atlantic was designated for the colonial entities, while all the land with rivers that flowed into the Mississippi was reserved for the native Indian population. The proclamation outlawed the private purchase of Native American land, which had often created problems in the past. Instead, all future land purchases were to be made by Crown officials "at some public Meeting or Assembly of the said Indians". Furthermore, British colonials were forbidden to settle on native lands, and colonial officials were forbidden to grant ground or lands without royal approval. The proclamation gave the Crown a monopoly on all future land purchases from American Indians.
British colonists and land speculators objected to the proclamation boundary since the British government had already assigned land grants to them. Many settlements already existed beyond the proclamation line,[3] some of which had been temporarily evacuated during Pontiac's War, and there were many already granted land claims yet to be settled. For example, George Washington and his Virginia soldiers had been granted lands past the boundary. Prominent American colonials joined with the land speculators in Britain to lobby the government to move the line further west. Their efforts were successful, and the boundary line was adjusted in a series of treaties with the Native Americans. In 1768 the Treaty of Fort Stanwix and the Treaty of Hard Labour, followed in 1770 by the Treaty of Lochaber, opened much of what is now Kentucky and West Virginia to British settlement.
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Indigenous People of Treaty Six Territory[edit]
For more details on Canadian Aboriginal legacy, see The Canadian Crown and Indigenous peoples.
The Royal Proclamation continued to govern the cession of Indigenous land in British North America, especially Upper Canada and Rupert's Land. The proclamation forms the basis of land claims of Indigenous peloples in Canada – First Nations, Inuit, and Métis. The Royal Proclamation of 1763 is thus mentioned in Section 25 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
According to historian Colin Calloway, "[settler] scholars disagree on whether the proclamation recognized or undermined tribal sovereignty".[8] The proclamation established the important precedent that the indigenous population had certain rights to the lands they occupied.
Some see the Royal Proclamation of 1763 as a "fundamental document" for First Nations land claims and self-government.[9] It is “the first legal recognition by the British Crown of Aboriginal rights"[10] and imposes a fiduciary duty of care on the Crown. The intent and promises made to the native in the Proclamation have been argued to be of a temporary nature, only meant to appease the Native peoples who were becoming increasingly resentful of “settler encroachments on their lands”[11] and were capable of becoming a serious threat to British colonial settlement.[12][13] Advice given by a merchant to the Board of Trade on August 30, 1764, expressed that
The Indians all know we cannot be a Match for them in the midst of an extensive woody Country...from whence I infer that if we are determined to possess Our Posts, Trade & ca securely, it cannot be done for a Century by any other means than that of purchasing the favour of the numerous Indian inhabitants.[14]
Some historians believe that “the British were trying to convince Native people that there was nothing to fear from the colonists, while at the same time trying to increase political and economic power relative to First Nations and other European powers.”[15] Others argue that the Royal Proclamation along with the subsequent Treaty of Niagara, provide for an argument that “discredits the claims of the Crown to exercise sovereignty over First Nations”[16] and affirms Aboriginal “powers of self-determination in, among other things, allocating lands.”[17]
United States[edit]
USA Proclamation of 1763 Silver Medal. Franklin Mint Issue 1970.
The influence of the Royal Proclamation of 1763 on the coming of the American Revolution has been variously interpreted. Many historians argue that the proclamation ceased to be a major source of tension after 1768, since the aforementioned treaties opened up extensive lands for settlement. Others have argued that colonial resentment of the proclamation contributed to the growing divide between the colonies and the mother country. Some historians argue that even though the boundary was pushed west in subsequent treaties, the British government refused to permit new colonial settlements for fear of instigating a war with Native Americans, which angered colonial land speculators.[18] Others argue that the Royal Proclamation imposed a fiduciary duty of care on the Crown.[citation needed]
George Washington was given 20,000 acres (81 km2) of wild land in the Ohio region for his services in the French and Indian War. In 1770, Washington took the lead in securing the rights of him and his old soldiers in the French War, advancing money to pay expenses in behalf of the common cause and using his influence in the proper quarters. In August 1770, it was decided that Washington should personally make a trip to the western region, where he located tracts for himself and military comrades and eventually was granted letters patent for tracts of land there. The lands involved were open to Virginians under terms of the Treaty of Lochaber of 1770, except for the lands located 2 miles south of Fort Pitt, now known as Pittsburgh.[19]
In the United States, the Royal Proclamation of 1763 ended with the American Revolutionary War because Great Britain ceded the land in question to the United States in the Treaty of Paris (1783). Afterward, the U.S. government also faced difficulties in preventing frontier violence and eventually adopted policies similar to those of the Royal Proclamation. The first in a series of Indian Intercourse Acts was passed in 1790, prohibiting unregulated trade and travel in Native American lands. In 1823, the U.S. Supreme Court case Johnson v. M'Intosh[20] established that only the U.S. government, and not private individuals, could purchase land from Native Americans.
250th anniversary celebrations[edit]
In October 2013 the 250th anniversary of the Royal Proclamation was celebrated in Ottawa with a meeting of Indian leaders and Governor-General David Johnston.[21] The Aboriginal movement Idle No More held birthday parties for this monumental document at various locations across Canada.[22]
See also[edit]
Indian removal
Indian barrier state
Section 25 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which mentions the 1763 Royal Proclamation
Old Northwest
Northwest Territory
Old Southwest
Southwest Territory
Indian Reserve (1763)
Halifax Treaties
Footnotes[edit]
Jump up ^ Royal Proclamation I
Jump up ^ Fred Anderson, Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754-1766 (2007)
^ Jump up to: a b Gordon S. Wood, The American Revolution, A History. New York, Modern Library, 2002 ISBN 0-8129-7041-1, p.22
Jump up ^ W. J. Eccles, France in America, Fitzhrenry & Whiteside Limited 1972, p220
Jump up ^ Jack M. Sosin, Whitehall and the Wilderness (University of Nebraska Pres. 1961 p. 146
Jump up ^ Harvey Markowitz, American Indians (1995) p. 633
Jump up ^ Louis De Vorsey, The Indian boundary in the southern colonies, 1763–1775 (1966) p. 39.
Jump up ^ Calloway, Scratch of a Pen, 93.
Jump up ^ Borrows, Wampum, 155.
Jump up ^ Douglas R. Francis, Richard Jones and Donald B. Smith, Origins: Canadian History to Confederation 6th ed. (Toronto: Nelson Education Ltd., 2009), 157.
Jump up ^ Francis et al., Origins, 156.
Jump up ^ Jack Stagg, Anglo-Indian Relations In North America to 1763 and An Analysis of the Royal Proclamation of 7 October 1763, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Research Branch, 1981, 356.
Jump up ^ Borrows, Wampum, 158–159.
Jump up ^ Quoted in Native Liberty, Crown Sovereignty: The Existing Aboriginal Right of Self-Government in Canada, Bruce Clark. (Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1990), 81.
Jump up ^ Borrows, "Wampum," 160.
Jump up ^ Borrows, Wampum, 164.
Jump up ^ Borrows, Wampum, 165.
Jump up ^ Woody Holton (August 1994). "The Ohio Indians and the Coming of the American Revolution in Virginia". The Journal of Southern History. 60 (3): 453–78. doi:10.2307/2210989.
Jump up ^ "Letter from George Washington to George Mercer dated November 7, 1771, at Williamsburg". The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources. p. 68. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013.
Jump up ^ 21 U.S. (8 Wheat.) 543 (1823)
Jump up ^ CBC.ca: "Royal Proclamation of 1763, Canada's 'Indian Magna Carta,' turns 250" 6 Oct 2013
Jump up ^ G+M "Royal Proclamation’s 250th anniversary has First Nations reflecting on their rights" 7 October 2013
Sources[edit]
Abernethy, Thomas Perkins (1959) [1937]. Western Lands and the American Revolution. New York: Russell & Russell.
Borrows, John (1997). "Wampum at Niagara: The Royal Proclamation, Canadian Legal History, and Self-Government". In Asch, Michael. Aboriginal and Treaty Rights in Canada. Vancouver: UBC Press. ISBN 0-7748-0580-3.
Calloway, Colin (2006). The Scratch of a Pen: 1763 and the Transformation of North America. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-530071-8.
Further reading[edit]
Marshall, Peter. "Sir William Johnson and the Treaty of Fort Stanwix, 1768." Journal of American Studies (1967) 1#2 pp 149–179. doi:10.1017/S0021875800007830
Sosin, Jack. Whitehall and the wilderness: The Middle West in British colonial policy, 1760-1775 (1961), the standard scholarly history of the proclamation and its effects.
Stuart, Paul. The Indian Office: Growth and Development of an American Institution, 1865-1900 (UMI Research Press, 1979)
Canada[edit]
Cashin, Edward J. "Governor Henry Ellis and the Transformation of British North America." Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1994.
Fenge, Terry and Jim Aldridge (eds.), Keeping Promises: The Royal Proclamation of 1763, Aboriginal Rights, and Treaties in Canada, 2015, McGill-Queen's University Press
Lawson, Philip. The Imperial Challenge: Quebec and Britain in the Age of the American Revolution. Montreal/Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1989.
Roth, Christopher F. (2002) "Without Treaty, without Conquest: Indigenous Sovereignty in Post-Delgamuukw British Columbia." Wicazo Sa Review, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 143–165.
Stonechild, Blair A. "Indian-White Relations in Canada, 1763 to the Present." In Encyclopedia of North American Indians, ed. Frederick E. Hoxie, 277–81. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1996.
Tousignant, Pierre. "The Integration of the Province of Quebec into the British Empire, 1763–91. Part 1: From the Royal Proclamation to the Quebec Act." In Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 4. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1980.
External links[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Royal Proclamation of 1763
The London Gazette of October 4, 1763 Issue:10354 p.1 Complete text as published in The London Gazette
Complete text of the Royal Proclamation, 1763
Royal Proclamation of 1763 - Chickasaw.TV
Complete text of the Royal Proclamation, 1763
UShistory.org: Article about the proclamation
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Sa Re Ga Ma Pa 2012
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for television. Please help to establish notability by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond its mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be established, the article is likely to be merged, redirected, or deleted.
Find sources: "Sa Re Ga Ma Pa 2012" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa 2012
Created by
Neeraj Sharma
Directed by
T.V. Vinod (vinod vijayan thazavana)
Presented by
Javed Ali
Starring
Sajid-Wajid
Rahul Ram
Shankar Mahadevan
Opening theme
"Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge 2012"
Country of origin
India
Original language(s)
Hindi
Production
Camera setup
Multi-camera
Running time
90 minutes
Release
Original network
Zee TV
Picture format
480i (SDTV)
Audio format
Stereophonic sound
Original release
29 September 2012 – 27 January 2013
Chronology
Preceded by
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs 2011
Followed by
Incumbent
Related shows
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge 2007
Indian Idol
Jo Jeeta Wohi Superstar
External links
Website
Hero - Sa Re Ga Ma Pa 2012[1] was the fifth instalment of the Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge series. It premiered on 29 September 2012 on Zee TV. The show was hosted by popular singer Javed Ali.
Contents
1 Overview
2 Hosts
3 Judges and Mentors
4 Guest Judges
5 Promotional Guest Appearances
6 Top Candidates
6.1 Finalists
6.2 Eliminated
7 References
8 External links
Overview[edit]
Over 1,20,000 auditions were conducted in New Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata to select 100 contestants. Out of these, the top fifteen then competed for a position in the top ten for five weeks, two contestants being eliminated each week for three weeks, and one each for weeks 4 and 5. In the fifth week, three of the eliminated contestants won back their positions in the top ten by defeating three other contenders, to make up the final list of top ten.
The top ten then went on to compete in a contest to be decided by viewers through voting. This segment witnessed one elimination every week, until four contestants were left. The winner amongst them was announced in a Grand Finale episode. The contest was won by Jasraj Joshi, with the second, third and fourth places going to Shehnaz Akhtar, Vishwajeet Borwankar and Mohammed Aman respectively.
Hosts[edit]
Javed Ali
Jay Bhanushali (Audition episodes)
Judges and Mentors[edit]
Rahul Ram
Shankar Mahadevan
Sajid-Wajid
Guest Judges[edit]
Prasoon Joshi (Week 11)
Ajay-Atul (Week 11)
Ustad Ghulam Ali (Week 7)
Taufiq Qureshi (Week 6)
Pandit Vishwa Mohan Bhatt (Week 5)
Hariharan (Week 4)
Gurdas Maan (Week 3)
Begum Parveen Sultana (Week 2)
Pandit Jasraj (Week 1)
Promotional Guest Appearances[edit]
Sudhir Mishra, Arjun Rampal, Chitrangada Singh (Inkaar) - Week 12
Vishal Bhardwaj, Rekha Bhardwaj, Imran Khan, Anushka Sharma (Matru Ki Bijlee Ka Mandola) - Week 10
Salman Khan, Sonakshi Sinha (Dabangg 2) - Week 8
Shah Rukh Khan, Katrina Kaif, Anushka Sharma (Jab Tak Hai Jaan) - Week 3
Ajay Devgn, Sonakshi Sinha (Son of Sardaar) - Week 3
Preity Zinta (Ishkq in Paris) - Week 1
Promos were made showing that [Akshay Kumar] and [Kajal Agarwal] would be there to promote Special 26 in the grand finale, but for an unknown reason they did not show up.
Top Candidates[edit]
Finalists[edit]
Jasraj Joshi (Pune) - Winner
Shehnaz Akhtar (Punjab) - Second place
Vishwajeet Borwankar (Mumbai) - Third place
Mohammed Aman (Rajasthan..) - Fourth place
(Eliminated in Week 3; successful attempt during wild-card entry episode)
Eliminated[edit]
Jaspreet 'Jazim' Sharma (Punjab) - in Week 13
Renu Nagar (Rajasthan) - in Week 11
Arshpreet Kaur (Punjab) - in Week 10 (previously eliminated in Week 4; successful attempt during wild-card entry episode)
Madhuri Dey (Kolkata, West Bengal) - in Week 9
Himanshu Sharma (Jagadhri, Haryana) - in Week 8 (previously eliminated in Mega Audition; successful attempt during wild-card entry episode)
Zain Ali (Lahore, Pakistan) - in Week 7 (beginning of public voting)
Barbie Rajput (Chandigarh) - in Mega Audition (unsuccessful attempt during wild-card entry episode)
Padmanav Bordoloi (Guwahati, Assam) - in Week 5 (unsuccessful attempt during wild-card entry episode)
Kunal Pandit (Mumbai, Maharashtra) - in Week 3 (unsuccessful attempt during wild-card entry episode)
Mrunmayee Tirodkar (Goa) - in Week 2
Subhrima Bhadury (Mumbai, Maharashtra) - in Week 2
Parul Mishra (Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh) - in Week 1
Arsh Mohammed (Mumbai, Maharashtra) - in Week 1
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Zee TV: About Sa Re Ga Ma Pa 2012
External links[edit]
Official website
Saregamapa Facebook Page
Saregamapa Twitter Page
[1]
show
v
t
e
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge 2005
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Ek Main Aur Ek Tu
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge 2007
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge 2009
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Mega Challenge
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Singing Superstar
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa 2012
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs International
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs 2009
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs 2011
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs 2014
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs 2017
Regional shows
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Marathi L'il Champs
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge USA 2008
Zee Tamil Sa Re Ga Ma Pa 2009 Challenge
show
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Programs currently broadcast by Zee TV
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Reality shows
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Heavy Competition
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Heavy Competition"
The Office episode
Episode no.
Season 5
Episode 24
Directed by
Ken Whittingham
Written by
Ryan Koh
Production code
524
Original air date
April 16, 2009
Recurring/Guest appearances
Idris Elba as Charles Miner
Bob Gebert as Mr. Schofield
Ellie Kemper as Erin Hannon
Episode chronology
← Previous
"Michael Scott Paper Company" Next →
"Broke"
List of The Office (U.S. TV series) episodes
"Heavy Competition" is the 24th episode of the fifth season of the television series The Office, and the 96th overall episode of the series. It originally aired on NBC in the United States on April 16, 2009. In the episode, Michael enlists the help of Dwight in getting Michael's new paper company off the ground, but the two eventually end up engaging in a war for each other's clients. Meanwhile, Jim pretends to be afraid of his future with Pam to play a prank on Andy, who is still reeling over his recent break up with Angela.
The episode was written by Ryan Koh and directed by Ken Whittingham. It included a guest appearance by Idris Elba, who played new Dunder Mifflin vice president Charles Miner. The episode received generally positive reviews, and was voted the fourth best episode of the season in a poll at the fan site OfficeTally. According to Nielsen ratings, it was watched by 8.24 million viewers, and was the most watched program among viewers aged between 18 and 49.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Production
3 Cultural references
4 Reception
5 References
6 External links
Plot[edit]
Michael (Steve Carell) and Dwight (Rainn Wilson) have been having secret meetings in the parking lot, where Dwight provides information about Dunder Mifflin so Michael can undercut the company. However, Dwight's loyalty is put to the test as Charles Miner (Idris Elba) seems to show more respect for Dwight than Michael ever did. Dwight brings Charles to the parking lot during one of the secret meetings, where Charles orders Michael to stop pestering Dwight. This begins a rivalry between Michael and Dwight, and Michael begins to steal Dwight's clients. Dwight asks for a truce and offers to take Michael and his employees out to lunch; Dwight does not go to the restaurant and instead sneaks into the empty Michael Scott Paper Company office and steals everything on Michael's desk, including his Rolodex contact list, and places a dead fish in the air conditioning vent.
Meanwhile, Jim (John Krasinski) and Pam (Jenna Fischer) are attempting to get bargain deals on wedding plans from Andy (Ed Helms). When Pam turns down his ideas, Andy suspects that Pam might be acting controlling and cruelly to Jim, in the same way Angela (Angela Kinsey) treated Andy. Andy warns Jim, who tries to convince Andy that he and Pam are really happy. Andy remains convinced that Pam will betray him, so Jim asks Andy to provide for his emotional needs (as a prank). After Jim feigns crying on Andy's shoulder, Andy blames the office for Jim's emotional troubles and asks them to apologize. Phyllis (Phyllis Smith) tells Andy that Jim is just messing with him. Andy does not believe her until he sees Jim grinning through the kitchen window. When Andy confronts Jim, Jim assures him that he and Pam are really happy and that Andy will find someone else one day.
Michael, Pam, and Ryan (B. J. Novak) return to their office and believe they have been robbed. Dwight calls and reveals his treachery. Michael calls Dwight on the phone and tells Dwight he is going to steal his biggest client while he listens. Dwight races to the HarperCollins office, where Michael and Dwight start fighting over the client, Daniel Scofield (Bob Gebert). Mr. Scofield asks for both of their offers via email, and they agree to do so. Before leaving, Dwight then looks at Daniel's personal information from Michael's Rolodex card and asks him about his "gay son", which seemingly perturbs Daniel. Michael reveals his unusual system where he color codes personal information about his contacts so he knows what not to talk about. Michael is seen laughing with Daniel in the parking lot as Dwight returns to his car alone.
Production[edit]
Idris Elba guest starred as Charles Miner in "Heavy Competition"
"Heavy Competition" was written by Ryan Koh and directed by Ken Whittingham. It was the fifth of six episodes guest starring Idris Elba, best known as Stringer Bell from The Wire. Elba said he did not watch the episode after it aired because "I'm hypercritical about my work, so I try not to torture myself."[1] Rainn Wilson said he liked the episode because it demonstrated growth for his character and the relationship between Michael and Dwight; he said "I like the way they let characters grow and change on the show,"[2] and said of his character, "It's not the same acolyte ass kissing as season 2".[2] Wilson said the moment Dwight spun around the HarperCollins secretary saying "Spin move", which was included in the script, was one of the most popular moments of the episode among the writers. Wilson said of filming the move, "We did like five spin moves and once I did a somersault. I thought I was being all nimble and quick, but no. I watch it and it looks like a manatee doing ballet at SeaWorld."[2]
Immediately after "Heavy Competition" first aired, NBC created a sub-page on their official "Angela and Andy" wedding site with the full version of Andy's "You Can Call Me Al" a cappella song, as well as an advertisement for their $9,000 wedding performances, both of which were featured in the episode itself.[3] The official website for The Office included two cut scenes from "Heavy Competition". In the first 45-second clip, Michael tries to justify his use of Dwight for leads and Ryan expresses anger when Dwight steals his uncle's dry cleaning company as a client, leading Pam to mock the idea that Ryan cares about anyone but himself and Michael to intercede when Ryan in turn calls Pam a "hag".[4] In the second 50-second clip, Andy tries to sell Jim and Pam a Christian cross-shaped cake from his failed wedding with Angela, and Jim tells Andy he believes the whole office is against him.[5]
Cultural references[edit]
Michael, Pam and Ryan have lunch at Alfredo's Pizza Café, a reference to the restaurant first referenced in the fourth season episode "Launch Party". Andy presents a recording of his a cappella group singing Pachelbel's Canon segueing into the Paul Simon song "You Can Call Me Al". Dwight said under Michael's leadership, the office was like the Roman Empire, the Wild West, war-torn Poland, and Poland all at once. Andy vows to be Jim's "traveling pants", a reference to the young adult novel series The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants. Dwight describes Charles as "Will Smith-esque", a reference to the American film actor.[6] Michael and Dwight both court HarperCollins, an American publishing company, as a prospective paper client.[7]
Reception[edit]
In its original American broadcast on April 16, 2009, "Heavy Competition" was watched by 8.24 million viewers, according to Nielsen ratings. It captured a 5.5 rating[8]/11 share among viewers aged between 18 and 49, making it the most watched episode of the night among that age group. Additionally, the episode captured a 4.5 rating/14 share among viewers aged between 18 and 34.[9]
"Holy smokes, I thought this episode was great: Funny, silly, but substantively grounded in what we know about these characters and our understanding that their world and our world are one and the same. Hear that? It was my satisfied sigh."
Margaret Lyons,
Entertainment Weekly[6]
The episode received generally positive reviews. Margaret Lyons of Entertainment Weekly said she loved the chemistry between Michael and Dwight, and enjoyed the direction the Michael Scott Paper Company plot was going. She also liked the bond that was forming between Jim and Andy, and said Ed Helms was particularly good in "Heavy Competition".[6] Alan Sepinwall of The Star-Ledger called the episode "just an awful lot of fun", and wrote having Michael and Dwight at odds with each other "forced both characters to be just human enough for the story and the jokes to breathe". Sepinwall did not enjoy the Jim and Andy subplot, except for the final moment when Jim comforted Andy.[10] Will Leitch of New York magazine said, "This might have been the funniest Rainn Wilson has been in an episode all season, and that's saying something." Leitch also said B. J. Novak was particularly funny, and said he enjoyed being reminded that Michael is an excellent salesman.[7]
Travis Fickett of IGN said the new paper company continued to serve as a good change for the series, and the Michael and Dwight rivalry was a "fun development, and it feels as though the writers are taking great advantage of the [storyline]".[11] Steve Mullen praised the episode not only for the Michael/Dwight war, but also for smaller moments like the cheese puff tosses and the messages Pam and Ryan wrote on a clipboard for Michael during his phone call; Mullen said, "I'm not sure any other 30 minute comedy currently on TV can even touch The Office."[12] Amy Stetts of The Express-Times said the Michael Scott Paper Company plot "peaked" with this episode, and she genuinely could not predict how the storyline would end.[13]
Not all reviews were positive. Although Nathan Rabin of The A.V. Club said the cheese puffs scene was "one of the most awesome cold opens in recent memory", he also said "Heavy Competition" was "one of the weakest episodes of the Idris Elba cycle". Rabin also said Jim's treatment of Andy was mean-spirited and unfunny: "Jim tried to spin it into a character-building lesson for Andy but it left a bad taste all the same."[14]
In her list of the top ten moments from the fifth season of The Office, phillyBurbs.com writer Jen Wielgus ranked Michael's formation of the Michael Scott Paper Company in the downstairs storage closet as number one, citing the "Dream Team", "Michael Scott Paper Company" and "Heavy Competition" episodes in particular. She also said she specifically enjoyed the cheese puff tossing scene, and the moment when Dwight dropped his clothes to show he was not wearing a wire, both scenes from "Heavy Competition".[15] "Heavy Competition" was voted the fourth highest-rated episode out of 26 from the fifth season, according to an episode poll at the fansite OfficeTally; the episode was rated 8.66 out of 10.[16]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Chaney, Jen (2009-04-19). ""I've Been Just the Ordinary Chap for 30-Odd Years": From Stringer Bell to DJ Driis, Idris Elba Is a Looker With Many Faces". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2009-04-21.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Rainn Wilson visits the OfficeTally Chat Room". OfficeTally. 2009-04-21. Retrieved 2009-04-22.
Jump up ^ "Angela and Andy – Official Wedding Site for Angela Martin & Andrew Bernard". NBC. 2009-04-16. Archived from the original on 2012-07-22. Retrieved 2009-04-19.
Jump up ^ "The Office – Heavy Competition – Clip One – Video". NBC. 2009-04-17. Archived from the original on 2009-04-20. Retrieved 2009-04-22.
Jump up ^ "The Office – Heavy Competition – Clip Two – Video". NBC. 2009-04-17. Archived from the original on 2009-04-21. Retrieved 2009-04-22.
^ Jump up to: a b c Lyons, Margaret (2009-04-17). ""The Office" Recap: Life During Wartime". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2009-04-19.
^ Jump up to: a b Leitch, Will (2009-04-17). ""The Office": Get Your War On". New York magazine. Archived from the original on 2009-04-19. Retrieved 2009-04-19.
Jump up ^ "Nielsens ratings for April 13–19". USA Today. 2009-04-22. Retrieved 2009-04-23.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (2009-04-17). "Thursday Ratings: Southland holds up, Parks and Recreation dips". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on 2010-11-15. Retrieved 2009-04-22.
Jump up ^ Sepinwall, Alan (2009-04-16). "The Office, "Heavy Competition": Michael and Dwight go to war". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved 2009-04-19.
Jump up ^ Fickett, Travis (2009-04-17). "The Office "Heavy Competition" Review". IGN. Retrieved 2009-04-19.
Jump up ^ Mullen, Steve (2009-04-17). "Office/P&R/30 Rock". The Tuscaloosa News. Retrieved 2009-04-19. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Stetts, Amy (2009-04-17). ""The Office" takes a twist with competition from the Michael Scott Paper Company". The Express-Times. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
Jump up ^ Rabin, Nathan (2009-04-16). "The Office: Season 5: Episode 22 "Heavy Competition"". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 2009-04-19.
Jump up ^ Wielgus, Jen (2009-05-14). ""The Office": Top 10 moments from Season 5". phillyBurbs.com. Retrieved 2009-05-16. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Tan, Jennie (2009-05-19). "The Office Fan Ratings, Season 5". OfficeTally. Retrieved 2009-05-21.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Heavy Competition
"Heavy Competition" at NBC.com
"Heavy Competition" on IMDb
"Heavy Competition" at TV.com
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Sage Stallone
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Sage Stallone
Sage Stallone in June 2003
Born
Sage Moonblood Stallone
(1976-05-05)May 5, 1976
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Died
July 13, 2012(2012-07-13) (aged 36)
Studio City, Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Resting place
Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery
Education
Montclair Preparatory School
Alma mater
North Carolina School of the Arts
Occupation
Actor, director, producer, screenwriter
Years active
1990–2012
Spouse(s)
Starlin Wright
(m. 2007; annulled 2008)
Parent(s)
Sylvester Stallone
Sasha Czack
Relatives
Frank Stallone, Sr. (grandfather)
Jackie Stallone (grandmother)
Frank Stallone (uncle)
Sage Moonblood Stallone (May 5, 1976 – July 13, 2012) was an American actor, film director, film producer, and film distributor. He was the elder son of Sylvester Stallone.[1][2][3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
3 Death
4 Filmography
5 References
6 External links
Early life[edit]
Sage Stallone was born in Los Angeles, California, the elder son of Sasha Czack and actor Sylvester Stallone. He was the brother of Seargeoh Stallone, and half-brother of Sistine, Sophia, and Scarlet Stallone. He was a nephew of actor and singer Frank Stallone, and grandson of Jackie Stallone. His stepmother was Jennifer Flavin.
Stallone attended Montclair College Preparatory School in Van Nuys, California, where he graduated in 1993. He later studied filmmaking at North Carolina School of the Arts for one year.[4]
Career[edit]
As a child, Stallone made a guest appearance on Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling, brought by his grandmother Jackie Stallone, who promoted the series.[5]
Stallone made his acting debut alongside his father in Rocky V (1990), the fifth installment of the Rocky franchise, playing Robert Balboa Jr., the onscreen son of his father's title character. He did not, however, reprise the same role in Rocky Balboa, the sixth installment of the Rocky films as he was working on his own film "Vic". He also appeared with his father in Daylight (1996).[6] After that, he acted in lesser profile films.
From 1994-1995, he attended the University of North Carolina School of the Arts School of Filmmaking.
In 1996, Stallone and film editor Bob Murawski co-founded Grindhouse Releasing, a Los Angeles-based company dedicated to the restoration and preservation of exploitation films and B-movies.[7] Stallone directed his first short film (outside of film school) Vic, which won the 2006 Boston Film Festival "Best New Filmmaker" award.
His last projects were appearances in Vincent Gallo's last two films, Promises Written in Water and The Agent. Both films were shown in main competition at the 2010 Venice Film Festival and in the Toronto International Film Festival. A photograph of Stallone as a young kid aside his father appears in the 2015 Creed, where it is stated that Stallone's character, Robert Balboa Jr., has since moved away to Vancouver.
Death[edit]
Sage was found dead on July 13, 2012 at his home in Studio City, Los Angeles.[7] According to reports, he had not been heard from for four days prior to his death and died between three and seven days prior to being found.[8] Empty prescription drug bottles were found at the scene, but after an autopsy and toxicology tests, the Los Angeles coroner determined that Sage died of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease.[9] At the time of his death, Stallone was reportedly engaged.[7][10] Stallone's funeral was held on July 21 at St. Martin of Tours Catholic Church in Los Angeles.[11] He is interred at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery.
Filmography[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1990 Rocky V Robert Rocky Balboa, Jr.
1993 The Evil Inside Me Leo
1996 Daylight Vincent
1997 The Manson Family Jay Sebring Voice
1997 American Hero Price
2002 Reflections of Evil Dan August
2005 Chaos Swan
2005 Alan Yates Himself Director, co-producer
2006 Vic Doc Short film
Writer, director, producer
2006 Moscow Zero Vassily
2007 Oliviero Rising Dr. Stephens
2010 Promises Written in Water The Mafioso
2010 The Agent Ari Sheinwold Short film, (final film role)
2015 Creed Robert Rocky Balboa, Jr. Archival footage only. Appears in photograph, Uncredited
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Sage Stallone". Yahoo!. Retrieved June 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Sage Stallone Biography". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixter (Time Warner). Retrieved June 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Stallone Jr. Hopes Playing Rocky Jr. Won't Cramp His Lifestyle". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ Miller, Samantha (December 23, 1996). "Chip Off the Old Rocky". people.com. Retrieved March 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Interview with hot babes of GLOW, Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling". Sports Climax. June 30, 2010. Retrieved July 15, 2012.
Jump up ^ Leonard, Elizabeth; Nudd, Tim (July 17, 2012). "Sage and Sylvester Stallone: A Story of Heartache and Reconciliation". people.com. Retrieved March 2, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c Pool, Bob (July 14, 2012), "Sage Stallone dies at 36; son of Sylvester Stallone", Los Angeles Times
Jump up ^ "Sylvester Stallone begs for privacy following the sudden death of his son Sage". FoxNews.com. Retrieved 16 July 2012.
Jump up ^ http://www.cnn.com/2012/08/30/showbiz/sage-stallone-death/
Jump up ^ Panther, Lewis (July 15, 2012). "Sylvester Stallone in state of shock over son Sage's drugs overdose death". people.co.uk. Retrieved March 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Sage Stallone Laid to Rest". people.com. July 21, 2012. Retrieved March 2, 2013.
External links[edit]
Sage Stallone on IMDb
Sage Stallone at Find a Grave
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 42042532
LCCN: no98110050
BNF: cb140496231 (data)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sage_Stallone&oldid=810211905"
Categories:
1976 births
2012 deaths
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21st-century American male actors
Male actors from Los Angeles
American male child actors
American male film actors
American film directors
American film producers
American people of French descent
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c

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values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

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p-cactions
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p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
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z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
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values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: سیج استالونه – Persian

values: 세이지 스탤론 – Korean

values: セイジ・スタローン – Japanese

values: Сталлоне, Сейдж – Russian

values: Сейдж Сталлоне – Ukrainian

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