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City and Guilds of London Institute
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This article is about the City and Guilds of London Institute. For the City and Guilds of London Art School, see City and Guilds of London Art School.
City and Guilds of London Institute
Established
1878
Registration no.
312832
Legal status
Charity
Headquarters
London
Region
Worldwide
Chief Executive
Chris Jones
Website
cityandguildsgroup.com
The City and Guilds of London Institute is an educational organisation in the United Kingdom. Founded on 11 November 1878 by the City of London and 16 livery companies – to develop a national system of technical education, the Institute has been operating under Royal Charter (RC117), granted by Queen Victoria, since 1900. The Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII, was appointed the first President of the Institute.
The City and Guilds of London Institute is also a registered charity (no. 312832) and is the awarding body for City & Guilds and ILM qualifications, offering a large number of accredited qualifications mapped onto the Regulated Qualifications Framework (RQF), The Institute's president is HRH The Princess Royal who accepted this role in June 2011 (following her father HRH The Duke of Edinburgh, who held the position for nearly 60 years), and the Chairman of Council is Sir John Armitt, who took office in November 2012. The City & Guilds Group is the market facing brand for the organisation today and is composed of a number of businesses including City & Guilds, ILM, Kineo, The Oxford Group, Digitalme, e3learning and Gen2.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 City and Guilds College
1.2 CGLI examination and accreditation bodies
2 Charitable purpose
3 Qualifications
3.1 National Vocational Qualifications
3.2 TechBac
4 Higher level qualifications
4.1 Higher Professional Diploma
4.2 Master Professional Diploma
4.3 Professional Recognition Awards
4.4 Professional Engineering Qualifications (Graduate & Post Graduate Diploma 9210 suite of Higher Level Qualifications)
4.5 Fellowship (FCGI)
4.6 Recognition
5 References
6 External links
History[edit]
A meeting of 16 of the City of London's livery companies in 1876 led to the foundation of the City and Guilds of London Institute for the Advancement of Technical Education (CGLI), which aimed to improve the training of craftsmen, engineering technicians, engineering technologists, and professional engineers. The two main objectives were to create a Central Institution in London and to conduct a system of qualifying examinations in technical subjects.[1]
Unable at once to find a large enough site within the City of London for their Central Institution, the CGLI occupied a building on land alongside Exhibition Road in South Kensington, although its headquarters were in Gresham College in the City. At the time John Watney was both secretary to the Gresham Committee and the CGLI. Evening classes were offered at a school in Cowper Street, off City Road, enabling instruction in chemistry and physics to be provided to those who wished to continue their education after working during the day. The school proved such a success that new premises had to be found in nearby Leonard Street, which was formally opened on 19 February 1893 as Finsbury Technical College. The Institute's director at the time was Sir Philip Magnus, later University MP. Finsbury College was intended as the first of a number of feeder colleges for the Central Institution, but was almost the only one founded. Finsbury College continued its separate existence until 1926.
The City & Guilds of London Art School was established in 1854, as one of the first Government Schools of Design, in Kennington, south London. It was originally named Lambeth School of Art and was set up to provide training in carving, modelling and architectural decoration. In 1879 the art school began a close working relationship with the City and Guilds Institute. This lasted until 1971, when the art school became an independent charity. The art school focuses on undergraduate and postgraduate study of fine art, stone and wood carving and the conservation of three-dimensional cultural artefacts. The City and Guilds Institute accredits the carving courses and maintains a link with the Art School.
Since 2015, the City & Guilds Group has moved back into delivering training as well as offering qualifications. This was originally through its acquisition of the Oxford Group, but has since included the acquisition of Adelaide-based e3Learning, an Australian corporate elearning and compliance provider, and the Cumbrian-based specialist nuclear industry training provider Gen2.[2][3]
City and Guilds College[edit]
Faced with their continuing inability to find a substantial site, the Companies were eventually persuaded by the Secretary of the Science and Art Department, General Sir John Donnelly (who was also a Royal Engineer) to found their institution on the 87 -acre (350,000 m²) site at South Kensington bought by the 1851 Exhibition Commissioners (for GBP 342,500) for 'purposes of art and science' in perpetuity.
The Central Technical College building was designed by Alfred Waterhouse, better known as the architect of the Natural History Museum. Located adjacent to the Central Institute on the site were the Royal School of Mines and the Royal College of Science.
In 1907, the latter two colleges were incorporated by Royal Charter into the Imperial College of Science and Technology and the CGLI Central Technical College was renamed the City and Guilds College in 1907,[4] but not incorporated into Imperial College until 1910.
Although the City & Guilds College was for much of its life governed through Imperial College, the City and Guilds Institute, together with a number of livery companies in their own right, maintained seats on the governing body (the Court) of Imperial College until its reorganisation in 2002. In 2002, under Imperial College's new faculty structure, City & Guilds College, along with the other constituent colleges, ceased to exist as a separate entity. In September 2013 the Mechanical and Aeronautical engineering building at Imperial College was renamed City and Guilds Building to acknowledge the historical legacy. Its name also survives however in the City & Guilds College Union (CGCU)—the student union for the Imperial College Faculty of Engineering and the Imperial College Business School—and in the City & Guilds College Association (CGCA).
Alumni of the CGLI Central Technical College, the City & Guilds College and the new Imperial College Faculty of Engineering, unite under the City & Guilds College Association. Established in 1897 as the Old Centralians, the Association adopted its current name in 1992.[5]
The Links Club is a club for students and alumni of the Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College, formerly The City and Guilds College. Members are elected on the basis of good sportsmanship and meet each Thursday in South Kensington.
Headquarters of City & Guilds
CGLI examination and accreditation bodies[edit]
In 1953 the Associated Examinations Board (AEB) was established and administered by City & Guilds.
1964 saw the creation of the National Examining Board for Supervisory Management (NEBSM) as part of the City & Guilds group, specialising in qualifications for supervisors and junior managers.
In 1973, the Technician Education Council (TEC) was created to unify technical education, eventually taking over the validation of courses in further and higher education. These courses led to Ordinary National Certificates and Diplomas (ONC/Ds) and Higher National Certificates and Diplomas (HNC/Ds), which were previously the responsibility of professional bodies.
In 1974, the Business Education Council (BEC) was established, again administered by City & Guilds. This had a remit to rationalise and improve the relevance of sub-degree vocational education in Further Education and Higher Education colleges and in Polytechnics. Within 18 months, BEC took over responsibility for non-technical ONCs, ONDs, HNCs, HNDs and other qualifications.
BEC merged with TEC in 1984 to form the separately administered Business & Technology Education Council (BTEC). This then merged with the University of London Examinations & Assessment Council (ULEAC) in 1996 to form Edexcel.
In 1990 City & Guilds purchased the Pitman Examinations Institute, and Pitman Qualifications Single Subject awards in business and administration and English language proved to be successful worldwide.
In 2002, the Institute of Leadership & Management (ILM)[6] was formed through the merger of NEBSM and the Institute of Supervisory Management (ISM) and became part of the City & Guilds Group.
In 2004, the National Proficiency Tests Council (NPTC) – specialists for agricultural land based qualifications – became part of the City & Guilds Group.
In 2005, the Hospitality Awarding Body (HAB) – specialists in awards for hospitality and catering – became part of the City & Guilds Group. In January 2010, all active candidates were transferred to City & Guilds courses to remove duplicate award provision across the Group.
In 2008, the City & Guilds Centre for Skills Development was formed as part of the City & Guilds Group. Its mission is to influence and improve skills policy and practice worldwide through an evidence-based approach.
Charitable purpose[edit]
The charitable aims of the City and Guilds of London Institute are:
"Providing internationally recognised qualifications, awards, assessments and support for individuals and organisations in the United Kingdom and overseas across a wide range of occupations in industry, commerce, the public services and elsewhere."[7]
The charitable objects of the Institute, as defined in its royal charter, are:
"For the purposes of all such branches of science and the fine arts and for the advancement, dissemination, propagation, promotion, culture and application of all such branches of science and the fine arts as benefit or are of use to or may benefit or be of use to productive and technical industries especially and to commerce and industry generally or any branch thereof."[7]
Qualifications[edit]
City & Guilds is an awarding body offering a large number of accredited qualifications mapped onto the Regulated Qualifications Framework (RQF), Credit and Qualifications Framework for Wales (CQFW) and Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework (SCQF). As of November 2016, City & Guilds offers 2312 different regulated qualifications, more than any other awarding body.[8] These cover entry level to level 7 on the RQF, with most qualifications falling in the entry level to level 3 range.[9]
Entry-level qualifications are the basics, for beginners.
Level 1 qualifications are introductory awards, covering basic tasks and knowledge.
Level 2 is slightly more advanced, needing some knowledge of the subject area.
Level 3 qualifications cover more complex tasks and also start the development of supervisory skills. In many professions, level 3 is the benchmark to be considered competent.
The range of vocational qualifications covers areas such as engineering technician, arts and craft, tradesman, health and social care, hairdressing, automotive maintenance, construction, and catering, but also more obscure subjects such as sheep shearing, DJing, flower arranging and even door supervision (bouncer).
National Vocational Qualifications[edit]
The qualifications available include National Vocational Qualifications (NVQs), most of which are offered at level 2 or 3,[10] although City & Guilds offers NVQs up to Level 7.[11] With 229 NVQs on the Register of Regulated Qualifications (as of November 2016), City & Guilds offers more different NVQs than any other organisation.[12]
TechBac[edit]
City & Guilds launched the TechBac in 2014. This is a baccalaureate-style qualification aimed at 16–19-year-old and taking in qualifications in technical skills and workplace skills.[13] It is available at level 2 and level 3, with the level 3 awards attracting UCAS points that can count towards admission to university or college courses.[14] The TechBac can be studied in eleven subjects:[15]
Engineering
Construction
Health & care
Childcare
Automotive
Land
Hospitality & catering
Business
Hair & beauty
Travel & tourism
Building services.
Higher level qualifications[edit]
City & Guilds offers higher level qualifications in a wide range of subjects ranging from Professional Engineering, Engineering Technology, Management, Building Services Engineering to various levels of apprenticeships, for higher technicians, tradesman, Craft, Travel and Tourism.
These qualifications consist of outcomes competencies based units, covering core, specialised, and key technical and management areas, which are assessed by means of examinations and written assignment.[16]
Higher Professional Diploma[edit]
Higher Professional Diplomas (HPD) were a suite of awards at level 4 of the RQF for people who want to gain advanced technical skills and broader management knowledge. As of February 2017 most have been discontinued and while the Higher Professional Diploma in Sport and Recreation Management is still running, it is no longer open to new learners.[17]
Master Professional Diploma[edit]
The Master Professional Diploma (MPD) was a level 7 award suitable for those working at the higher levels in a relevant industry. It is no longer awarded.[18]
Professional Recognition Awards[edit]
The City and Guilds Awards for Professional Recognition are accredited awards offered at levels 4 (academic first-year undergraduate or certificate of higher education level) to 7 (academic Master's degree or postgraduate certificate or diploma level) of the Regulated Qualifications Framework, corresponding to the Licentiateship (LCGI), Affiliateship (AfCGI), Graduateship (GCGI) and Membership (MCGI) of the Institute.[19][20]
According to City and Guilds, the characteristics of someone gaining a Professional Recognition Award are:
Licentiateship (LCGI): "A level 4 Professional Recognition Award (Licentiateship) candidate would typically:
have first line responsibility for managing day to day activities
manage resources in own area of responsibility
constructively work with others to develop and maintain good working relationships
develop and maintain good customer relationships
identify and access opportunities for professional development
be able to apply professional standards in own area of responsibility
communicate effectively and manage information in line with organisational and legal requirements
consistently meet aims and objectives
exercise autonomy and judgement in work role
consider the views and perspectives of others in decision making
address problems that are well-defined but non-routine"[20]
Affiliateship (AfCGI): "A level 5 Professional Recognition Award (Affiliateship) candidate would typically:
have line management responsibilities
anticipate, plan and lead change
manage resources
constructively work with others to develop and maintain good working relationships
set direction and inspire others to work together to achieve challenging outcomes
generate creative ideas to inform best practice and continual improvement
monitor compliance with professional standards*
implement an effective communication strategy
develop and maintain good customer relationships to support the customer focussed culture of the organisation
analyse, identify and access professional development
address problems that are well-defined but complex and non-routine
exercising autonomy and judgement in decision making which takes into account the views and perspectives of others"[20]
Graduateship (GCGI): "A level 6 Professional Recognition Award (Graduateship) candidate would typically:
have senior management responsibilities
take responsibility for achieving organisational objectives
take responsibility for managing a programme of substantial change or development
identify and manage resources to meet organisational objectives
take responsibility for motivating, delegating and empowering others
promote innovation and generate ideas for improvement
take responsibility for promoting, monitoring and maintaining compliance to professional standards*
establish, lead and maintaining effective communication
develop and implement standards for customer service
evaluate the impact of professional development on self and the organisation
address problems that are complex and non-routine
use autonomy to make judgements, demonstrating an ability to understand different perspectives, approaches and schools of thought"[20]
Membership (MCGI): "A level 7 Professional Recognition Award (Membership) candidate would typically:
have strategic leadership responsibilities
articulate a vision for the future of the organisation or own area of responsibility
take responsibility for leading the organisation or own area of responsibility through complex change
have an in depth understanding of resources and manage them to meet organisational objectives
establish a culture of mutual support and cohesion which values the contribution of others and recognises success
promote innovation and generate ideas for improvement
establishing an environment and culture that assures and promotes compliance with professional standards*
develop a communication strategy for the organisation or own area of responsibility
represent the organisation to communicate on matters of importance and sensitivity and establish robust methods for managing information.
establish a strategy for putting the customer at the centre of the organisation or own area of responsibility
champion professional development within the organisation"[20]
Professional Engineering Qualifications (Graduate & Post Graduate Diploma 9210 suite of Higher Level Qualifications)[edit]
City & Guilds offers graduate (level 6) and postgraduate (level 7) diplomas in engineering. These have been designed in conjunction with professional engineering bodies to ensure that holders can apply for professional registration as an Incorporated Engineer (IEng) with the Graduate Diploma or Chartered Engineer (CEng) with the Postgraduate Diploma. Candidates for professional registration are considered individually through the normal assessment procedures of the relevant professional body for their specific discipline.[21][22]
The graduate and post graduate diplomas are offered in five areas: civil engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, electronic and telecommunication engineering, and information technology. These qualifications can lead to professional registration (IEng or CEng as appropriate) through the following three discipline-specific professional engineering institutions:[22]
Civil Engineering – Institution of Civil Engineers
Mechanical Engineering – Institution of Mechanical Engineers
Electrical Engineering; Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering; Information Technology – Institution of Engineering and Technology
Fellowship (FCGI)[edit]
Fellowship (FCGI) is the highest honour conferred by the Council of the City and Guilds of London Institute to recognise outstanding professional and personal achievement. Fellows are leaders of industry, education & academia or government & public sector who have achieved remarkable success in their respective fields. Generally, they hold senior roles such as CEOs, board members or specialist employees or consultants at the national or international level.
Recognition[edit]
Professional recognition awards authorised by royal charter.[23]
Professional recognition awards are accredited by Ofqual and included on the Register of Regulated Qualifications.[24]
Vocational qualifications accredited by Ofqual and included on the Register of Regulated Qualifications.[25]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Imperial College archives". Aim25.ac.uk. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "The City & Guilds Group acquires Australian elearning company e3Learning". City & Guilds. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "The City & Guilds Group has acquired leading Cumbrian-based training provider Gen2". City & Guilds. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Imperial College: City and Guilds College". Architecture.com. 10 November 2010. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "City & Guilds College Association Introduction". Cgca.org.uk. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Institute of Leadership and Management". I-l-m.com. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "The City And Guilds of London Institute". Charity Commission. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Register of Regulated Qualifications". Ofqual. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Register of Regulated Qualifications". Ofqual. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Register of Regulated Qualifications". Ofqual. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Qualification: City & Guilds Level 7 NVQ Diploma in Strategic Management and Leadership". Ofqual. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Register of Regulated Qualifications". Ofqual. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "TechBac". City & Guilds. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "TechBac". UCAS. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "City and Guilds TechBac". Qualification Information Profiles. UCAS. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
Jump up ^ C&G Higher Level Qualifications (HLQs) Archived 29 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Register of Regulated Qualifications". Ofqual. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "master%20professional" "Qualification: City & Guilds Level 7 Master Professional Diploma in Strategy and Development". Ofqual. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Professional%20Recognition"&sort=-None&filters%5B0%5D=organisationname%2BCity%20and%20Guilds%20of%20London%20Institute "Register of Regulated Qualifications". Ofqual. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Professional Recognition Awards (9200)". City & Guilds. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Engineering (Graduate & Post Graduate Diploma) (9210)". City & Guilds. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Progression into Professional Registration" (PDF). City & Guilds. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "Professional Recognition Awards (9200) Frequently asked questions" (PDF). City & Guilds. August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "Organisation: City and Guilds of London Institute". Register of Regulated Qualifications. Ofqual. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Organisation: City and Guilds of London Institute". Register of Regulated Qualifications. Ofqual. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
City and Guilds Qualifications Academic Comparison
External links[edit]
City & Guilds Group website
City & Guilds website
City & Guilds NPTC

[hide]
v
t
e
National Qualifications Framework in England and Wales and Northern Ireland
For higher levels, compare with the FHEQ system.
Level 8
City & Guilds Fellowship,
Level 7
City & Guilds Membership, National Diploma*, BTEC Advanced Professional Diploma*, Level 5 NVQ
Level 6
City & Guilds Associateship, City & Guilds Graduateship, NEBOSH National Diploma, National Diploma*, BTEC Advanced Professional Diploma*, Level 5 NVQ
Level 5
Higher National Diploma, Higher National Certificate, Level 4 NVQ
Level 4
City & Guilds Licentiateship, Level 4 NVQ
Level 3
BTEC Extended Diploma, BTEC National Certificate, City & Guilds Level 3, Level 3 NVQ, A-level, National Diploma*, Ordinary National Certificate, Advanced Diploma, NEBOSH National General Cerificate, Access to Higher Education Diploma, Advanced Extension Award, International Baccalaureate, Extended Project Qualification
Level 2
City & Guilds Level 2, Level 2 NVQ, GCSE (grades A* to C), BTEC First Diploma, OCR Nationals, Skills for Life*
Level 1
Level 1 NVQ, GCSE (grades D-G), Foundation Diploma, BTEC Introductory Diploma, Introductory Certificate, Skills for Life*
Entry
English as a foreign or second language (up to level 3), Skills for Life*, Functional Skills, Entry level certificates
* certain subjects fall under this level.
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text:
Ben & Jerry's
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"B&J" redirects here. For the beverage company, see Bartles and Jaymes.
Ben & Jerry’s Homemade Holdings, Inc.
Type
Subsidiary
Industry
Food processing
Founded
Burlington, Vermont, U.S.
(May 5, 1978 (1978-05-05))
Founders
Ben Cohen
Jerry Greenfield
Headquarters
South Burlington, Vermont, U.S.
Key people
Jostein Solheim CEO[1]
Ben Cohen co-founder
Jerry Greenfield co-founder
Products
Ice cream
Parent
Unilever (2000–present)
Website
www.benjerry.com
Ben & Jerry's Homemade Holdings Inc, trading and commonly known as Ben & Jerry's, is an American company that manufactures ice cream, frozen yogurt, and sorbet. It was founded in 1978 in Burlington, Vermont, and sold in 2000 to Anglo-Dutch conglomerate Unilever. Today it operates globally as a fully owned subsidiary of Unilever. Its present-day headquarters is in South Burlington, Vermont, with its main factory in Waterbury, Vermont.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Founding
1.2 Unilever era
2 Original flavors and sundaes
3 Controversies
3.1 Commercial
3.2 Political
3.3 Social
3.4 Product safety
4 Global locations
4.1 Former markets
5 Wages
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
History[edit]
Founding[edit]
Jerry Greenfield (left) and Ben Cohen (right) in 2010
Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield were childhood friends from Merrick, New York.[2] Although Greenfield finished college, he found himself unable to make his way into medical school. Cohen dropped out of school.[3] In 1977, Cohen and Greenfield completed a correspondence course on ice cream making from Pennsylvania State University's creamery. Cohen has severe anosmia, a lack of a sense of smell or taste, and so relied on "mouth feel" and texture to provide variety in his diet. This led to the company's trademark chunks being mixed in with their ice cream.[4] On May 5, 1978, with a $12,000[5] investment, the two business partners opened an ice cream parlor in a renovated gas station in downtown Burlington, Vermont. In 1979, they marked their anniversary by holding the first-ever free cone day, now an international annual celebration at every Ben & Jerry's store.[4]
In 1980, they rented space in an old spool and bobbin mill on South Champlain Street in Burlington and started packing their ice cream in pints. In 1981, the first Ben & Jerry's franchise opened on Route 7 in Shelburne, Vermont. In 1983, Ben & Jerry’s ice cream was used to build “the world’s largest ice cream sundae” in St. Albans, Vermont; the sundae weighed 27,102 pounds (12,293 kg). That same year, the cows on their cartons were redesigned by local artist Woody Jackson.[6]
Ben & Jerry's display freezer at a Domino's store
In 1984, Häagen-Dazs wanted to limit distribution of Ben & Jerry’s in Boston, prompting Ben & Jerry’s to file suit against the parent company, Pillsbury, in its now famous “What’s the Doughboy Afraid Of?” campaign.[7] In 1987, Häagen-Dazs again tried to enforce exclusive distribution, and Ben & Jerry’s filed its second lawsuit against the Pillsbury Company.
In 1985, the Ben & Jerry’s Foundation was established at the end of the year with a gift from Ben & Jerry's to fund community-oriented projects; it was then provided with 7.5% of the company’s annual pre-tax profits. In 1986, Ben & Jerry’s launched its “Cowmobile”, a modified mobile home used to distribute free scoops of Ben & Jerry’s ice cream in a unique, cross-country “marketing drive”—driven and served by Ben and Jerry themselves. The “Cowmobile” burned to the ground outside of Cleveland four months later, but there were no injuries. Ben said it looked like “the world’s largest baked Alaska”.[8]
In 1988, the two men won the title of U.S. Small Business Persons Of The Year, awarded by U.S. President Ronald Reagan.[9] Also that year, the first brownies were ordered from Greyston Bakery, which led to the development of the popular Chocolate Fudge Brownie flavor.[10] In 1992, Ben & Jerry’s joined in a co-operative campaign with the national non-profit Children's Defense Fund; the campaign goal was to bring children’s basic needs to the top of the national agenda. Over 70,000 postcards were sent to Congress concerning kids and other national issues. In 1995, they hired Robert Holland, Jr. as CEO after holding a "Yo! I'm your C.E.O." essay contest as part of the search.[11] Holland left after 20 months following philosophical differences and was replaced by Perry Odak in 1997.[12]
In 1989, Ben & Jerry’s revealed their opposition of the use of rBGH (recombinant bovine growth hormone) in all their products. This genetically engineered hormone is sometimes given to cows in order to boost milk production, but Ben & Jerry’s does not support this practice and is in favor of utilizing less chemically intensive ingredients for the safety of consumers and the environment.[13]
In 1994, Ben & Jerry's: The Inside Scoop, written by Fred "Chico" Lager, former CEO of Ben & Jerry's Ice Cream, was published. The book tracks the history of how Ben & Jerry's Ice Cream got started. The book focuses on "How Two Real Guys Built a Business with a Social Conscience and a Sense of Humor."[14]
Ben & Jerry's ice-cream branch at the United Square Shopping Mall in Singapore
Unilever era[edit]
In April 2000, Ben & Jerry's sold the company to Anglo-Dutch multinational food giant Unilever.[15] Unilever said it hopes to carry on the tradition of engaging "in these critical, global economic and social missions". Although the founders' names are still attached to the product, they do not hold any board or management position and are not involved in day-to-day management of the company.[16]
In 2001, Ben & Jerry's U.S. completed the transition to "Eco-Pint" packaging, which packaged all pint flavors in environmentally friendly unbleached paperboard Eco-Pint containers, a decision it later reversed. The use of brown-kraft unbleached paperboard had been a critical first step toward a totally biodegradable pint made without added chlorine. Due to what they described as increasing supply, quality, and cost challenges, Ben & Jerry's discontinued their use of the Eco-Pint in 2006, transitioning to a pint container made out of a bleached paperboard that it said was more readily available.[17]
On Earth Day in 2005, when a vote in the U.S. Senate proposed the opening of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to oil drilling, Ben & Jerry's launched a protest by creating the largest ever Baked Alaska, which weighed 900 pounds (410 kg), and placed it in front of the U.S. Capitol Building.[18][19]
In March 2009, "CyClone Dairy"[20] launched an advertising campaign and a website to promote its milk products, which purportedly came exclusively from cloned cows.[21] On April 1, 2009 (April Fool's Day), Ben & Jerry's announced that it was behind this fake company. Ben & Jerry's had created the tongue-in-cheek hoax to raise awareness of the increasing presence of products from cloned animals within American food[22][23] and to campaign for a tracking system of cloned-animal products.[24] The hoax was revealed on April Fool's Day with the message: "We believe you should have the right to choose which foods you eat – and not to eat cloned foods if you don’t want to. And that's why Ben & Jerry’s believes we need a national clone tracking system, so people and companies can know where their food is coming from."[25]
In 2010, Jostein Solheim, a Unilever executive from Norway, became the new CEO of the company and had this to say about the transition: "My mantra that I've repeated a hundred times since starting at Ben & Jerry's is: ‘Change is a wonderful thing,'" he said. "The world needs dramatic change to address the social and environmental challenges we are facing. Values led businesses can play a critical role in driving that positive change. We need to lead by example, and prove to the world that this is the best way to run a business. Historically, this company has been and must continue to be a pioneer to continually challenge how business can be a force for good and address inequities inherent in global business."[26]
On February 24, 2012, Ben & Jerry's released a new Greek Frozen Yogurt line, which came in several flavors: "Strawberry Shortcake", "Blueberry Vanilla Graham", "Raspberry Fudge Chunk", "Banana Peanut Butter",[27] and "Vanilla" (scoop shop exclusive):[28] On April 12, 2013, "Pineapple Passionfruit", "Vanilla Honey Caramel", and "Liz Lemon" were added to the Greek Yogurt line.[29] The Liz Lemon flavor was inspired by a character of the same name created by actress Tina Fey as the main character on the NBC television sitcom 30 Rock.[30]
In 2013, Ben & Jerry’s committed to making their products GMO-free in support of mandatory GMO labeling legislation.[31]
Original flavors and sundaes[edit]
A pint of Ben & Jerry's ice cream
The "Vermonster" is a large ice cream sundae served in a "Vermonster Bucket" in Ben & Jerry's "scoop shops." Its ingredients are 20 scoops of ice cream, 4 bananas, 4 ladles of hot fudge, 3 chocolate chip cookies, 1 chocolate fudge brownie, 10 scoops of walnuts, 2 scoops each of any 4 toppings, and whipped cream. It contains 14,000 calories (kcal), and 500 grams (17.64 oz) of fat. Since 2009, the Vermonster Challenge is an annual charity event held by Ben & Jerry's in which teams of four compete to finish a Vermonster and win free ice cream for a year.[32]
"Chubby Hubby" consists of vanilla malt ice cream swirled with fudge and peanut butter, and containing pretzel nuggets covered in fudge and filled with peanut butter. During the month of September 2009, Ben and Jerry's, in partnership with Freedom to Marry, renamed "Chubby Hubby" to "Hubby Hubby," in celebration of the legalization of same-sex marriage in the company's home state of Vermont. The carton featured the image of two men getting married beneath a rainbow.[33][34][35]
On March 13, 2012, Ben & Jerry’s announced it would be changing the name of one of its ice cream flavours in the UK in support of equal marriage rights for same-sex couples. "Oh! My! Apple Pie!" would become "Apple-y Ever After" and tubs would feature a gay couple atop a wedding cake decorated with rainbows.[36]
"Chocolate Chip Cookie Dough" was temporarily renamed "I Dough, I Dough" in the United States during the summer of 2015. This was in celebration of United States Supreme Court's ruling in support of same-sex marriage. The proceeds from sales were to go to the Human Rights Campaign (a nonprofit advocacy group for LGBT rights).[37]
Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield appeared on The Colbert Report on March 5, 2007, to promote their new ice cream flavor, "Stephen Colbert's AmeriCone Dream", and Cohen's progressive advocacy group TrueMajority.
The company renamed a flavour, "Yes Pecan!", in reference to Barack Obama's victory in the 2008 U.S. presidential election. They decided in January 2009 to donate all proceeds made on the sale of that flavor to the Common Cause Education Fund.[38]
On March 2, 2011, Cohen and Greenfield appeared on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon and unveiled their new flavour of ice cream, "Late Night Snack", whose carton features a picture of Jimmy Fallon on it.[39]
On February 17, 2015, Cohen and Greenfield appeared on The Tonight Show starring Jimmy Fallon and unveiled their new flavor of ice cream, "The Tonight Dough", which all of its proceeds go to the SeriousFun Children's Network that supports camps for children with major illnesses.[40]
In 2015, Charoset flavoured ice cream became widely available in time for the Passover holiday.[41][42][43][44][45][46]
In April 2015, the company confirmed that it was working on vegan options, after hearing consumers' feedback, led by a petition and FARM organization.[47] In early February 2016, the company announced a new all-vegan line with four flavors. Two of these are versions of existing flavors - "Chunky Monkey" and "Chocolate Fudge Brownie" - and two are all-new vegan-only flavors: "Coffee Caramel Fudge" and "Peanut Butter & Cookies".[48]
In January 2017, three new non-dairy flavors were added: Caramel Almond Brittle, Cherry Garcia, and Coconut Seven Layer Bar.
In January 2018, the company added two new non-dairy flavors to its growing line of vegan options. Peanut Butter Half Baked features chocolate and peanut butter with fudge brownies and pieces of peanut butter cookie dough, while Cinnamon Buns is made with cinnamon-spiced ice cream and features cinnamon bun dough and a cinnamon streusel swirl.[49]
Girl in cow costume promoting Free Cone Day outside a Ben & Jerry's shop in Stockholm, Sweden
Free Cone Day is an annual event held between late March and early May, in which Ben & Jerry's scoop shops give out free ice cream cups and cones. Free Cone Day was first held on Saturday, May 5, 1979, by Ben and Jerry as a customer and staff appreciation event for the first anniversary of their store's opening.
Over one million free cones are given away each year, prompting the company's ad slogan "Be One In A Million." Charitable organizations are often present at the stores each year and enjoy a significant amount of fundraising success. Often, local celebrities show up at various stores, promoting the day and the charities there.[50] Sometimes the event is scheduled to coincide with Earth Day and sometimes volunteers are on hand with clipboards and voter registration forms to help those who would like to register to vote.
Controversies[edit]
Commercial[edit]
The Center for Science in the Public Interest, a consumer-advocacy group, urged Ben & Jerry's to stop labeling their ice cream as "all natural," due to the company's use of corn syrup, alkalised cocoa, and other chemically modified ingredients.[51] In September 2010, the company agreed to stop labeling their ice cream and frozen yogurt as "all natural."[52]
In 2011, Ben & Jerry's released a flavor named Schweddy Balls, in homage to the Saturday Night Live (SNL) skit of the same name. An American group named "One Million Moms" protested, saying that the name was too explicit for grocery store shelves—spokesperson Monica Cole explained to the media: "I realize it could be a lot worse, but are they going to progressively get worse if we don't say something? Maybe they'll think twice before they come up with another inappropriate name for ice cream." However, the expression of disdain was not unanimous among U.S. parents, as mother Gina Ragusa said to The Huffington Post: "We just think it's funny, that's all, and honestly we all really want to try it", adding that she consistently checks for the item's availability at her local supermarket.[53] Actor Alec Baldwin, who appeared in the SNL skit as baker Pete Schweddy, hosted the September 24, 2011 episode of the 37th season of the show and responded to the protests by stating that a new flavor called "Go Fudge Yourself" had been produced for those in opposition to the tribute. Following the initial release of the flavor, Baldwin informed the media that "thanks to Ben & Jerry's, the goodness of the Schweddy family recipe won't go with me to the great beyond," as he had previously feared that his association with the SNL episode would remain permanent until his death.[54]
Political[edit]
Following rumors that suggested that Ben & Jerry's supported the defense of Mumia Abu-Jamal—who was convicted in 1982 of killing Philadelphia Police officer Daniel Faulkner[55]—the company confirmed that Cohen did sign a petition, as a private citizen, asking that "the system of American justice be followed fully in the case".[56]
Controversy emerged in 2006 after the company released a flavor of ice cream called "Black and Tan". It had named the flavor after the alcoholic drink, which is made by mixing stout with pale ale, but the "Black and Tans" are also known as a paramilitary police force of British World War I veterans recruited during the Irish Revolution. At the time that the flavor was released, the Irish nationalist movement was still offended by the historical association of the title.[57]
In 2012, Vermonters for a Just Peace in Palestine/Israel (VTJP)[58] contacted Ben Cohen, Jerry Greenfield and the CEO of Ben & Jerry’s after learning that ice cream produced by Ben & Jerry’s franchise in Israel[59] was being sold in Israeli settlements in the West Bank and East Jerusalem. Leafleting occurred at locations in Vermont, New York and California on 'Free Cone Day' in April 2013[60] and April 2014.[61] As of November 2014[update], 232 organizations across the United States and in seventeen countries worldwide have signed a letter written by VTJP calling on Ben & Jerry's to end its commercial ties to such settlements.[62]
In late April 2014, Ben & Jerry's signed onto the "Fight for the Reef" campaign, a partnership between the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)-Australia and the Australian Marine Conservation Society (AMCS). Premier Campbell Newman and Queensland state senator Matthew Canavan both said in statements that Ben & Jerry's was making misleading statements that exaggerated the detrimental impact that proposed government programs would have on the Great Barrier Reef,[63][63] and Environment Minister Andrew Powell said that "The only people taking a scoop out of the reef is Ben and Jerry’s and Unilever. If you understand the facts, you’d want to be boycotting Ben and Jerry’s". Australian Ben & Jerry's brand manager Kalli Swaik responded that "Ben & Jerry’s believes that dredging and dumping in world heritage waters surrounding the marine park area will be detrimental to the reef ecology. It threatens the health of one of Australia’s most iconic treasures."[64]
In February 2016, Ben & Jerry's cofounder Ben Cohen created an ice cream flavor called "Bernie's Yearning" in support of U.S Senator from Vermont, Bernie Sanders, run for president in the 2016 Democratic Primaries against Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton. The flavor consists of plain mint ice cream covered by solid chunk of chocolate. According to Cohen, "The chocolate disk represents the huge majority of economic gains that have gone to the top 1 percent since the end of the recession. Beneath it, the rest of us.”[65] This was done in an effort to showcase the United States' current socioeconomic issues.
In April 2016, Ben & Jerry's cofounders, Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield, were both arrested at the Democracy Awakening protests on the U.S. Capitol steps in Washington, D.C.[66]
In May 2017, Ben and Jerry's announced they would not serve two scoops of the same ice cream flavor in Australia, due to the refusal of the Australian government to legalize same-sex marriage. They said this would encourage "fans to contact their MP's to tell them the time has come-make marriage equality legal!". This stance they said will continue for however long it takes for same-sex marriage to be legalized.[67][68]
Social[edit]
In February 2012, a Ben & Jerry's franchise near Harvard University created a limited edition frozen yogurt flavor named "Taste the Lin-Sanity," in honor of Asian-American basketball player Jeremy Lin, a Harvard alumnus. At inception, the product contained vanilla frozen yogurt, lychee honey swirls, and fortune cookie pieces, leading to a widely publicized controversy about racial stereotyping due to the association of the fortune cookie ingredient with Chinese culture. The latter ingredient was later replaced with waffle cookies, as the fortune cookies became soggy and the franchise received returns from customers. Ben & Jerry's general manager for Boston and Cambridge explained to the media: "we obviously weren't looking to offend anybody and the majority of the feedback about it has been positive."[69] Ben & Jerry's released an official statement shortly after the launch of the product apologizing to those who were offended.[70]
In September 2014, anti-hazing activists raised concerns about the ice cream flavor "Hazed & Confused," which had been released earlier that year. The concern was that the name could be perceived as belittling of hazing and bullying problems. The company has noted that the name was based on the word hazelnut and a play on the phrase "dazed and confused", which is both a song popularized by Led Zeppelin and a coming-of-age comedy film from the early 1990s.[71] The decision was made in October to not rename the flavor.[72]
Product safety[edit]
The Organic Consumers Association announced in July 2017 that it found traces of the herbicide glyphosate in 10 of 11 samples of the company’s ice creams.[73] The traces were found to be at levels below the ceiling set by the Environmental Protection Agency for environmental contamination.
Global locations[edit]
Ben & Jerry's Puerto Rico sidewalk cafe
Ben and Jerry's has locations around the world.[74]
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Bahamas
Belgium
Brazil
Canada
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Mexico
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Kosovo
Puerto Rico
Romania[75]
Serbia
Singapore
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Thailand
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Former markets[edit]
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Estonia
Hong Kong[76]
Morocco
Russia[77]
Wages[edit]
Ben & Jerry's used to have a policy that no employee's rate of pay shall exceed five times that of entry-level employees.[78] In 1995, entry-level employees were paid $12 hourly, and the highest paid employee was President and Chief Operating Officer Chuck Lacy, who earned $150,000 annually. When Ben Cohen resigned as Chief Executive Officer and Ben & Jerry's announced the search for a new CEO in 1995, the company ended the five-to-one-ratio policy.[79]
See also[edit]
Vermont portal
Companies portal
Food portal
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Carlin, Peter (February 5, 1995). "Pure Profit – For Small Companies That Stress Social Values as Much as the Bottom Line, Growing Up Hasn't Been an Easy Task. Just Ask Ben & Jerry's, Patagonia and Starbucks". Los Angeles Times.
Further reading[edit]
Criswell, Ann. "Ben & Jerry's is sweet on social issues". Houston Chronicle. Wednesday June 24, 1992. Food 1.
Lager, Fred "Chico". Ben & Jerry's: The Inside Scoop. 1st ed. New York: Crown Publishers, Inc., 1994. Print.
Wieder, Tamara. "Coneheads". The Boston Phoenix. August 8–14, 2003. – Boston Phoenix Interview with founders Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ben & Jerry's.
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