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Diane Jenkins
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For the Louisiana legal and political activist, married to Woody Jenkins, see Diane A. Jenkins.
Diane Jenkins
Maura West as Diane Jenkins
The Young and the Restless character
Portrayed by
Alex Donnelley (1982–2001)
Susan Walters (2001–10)
Maura West (2010–11)
Duration
1982–84
1986
1996–2004
2010–11
First appearance
May 1982
Last appearance
August 5, 2011
Created by
William J. Bell
Introduced by
H. Wesley Kenney (1982)
David Shaughnessy (2001)
Maria Arena Bell and Paul Rauch (2010)
Classification
Former, regular
Profile
Other names
Diane Richards
Diane Newman
Occupation
Architect
Businesswoman
Model

Alex Donnelley as Diane Jenkins

Susan Walters as Diane Jenkins
showFamily
Family
Jenkins
Father
Kyle Jenkins
Husband
Andy Richards (1983–84)
Victor Newman (1997–99, 2011)
Sons
Kyle Abbott
Diane Jenkins is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless. The role was first portrayed by Alex Donnelley, who debuted in 1982. Diane was initially a two-day bit role, but was developed into a long-term character. Donnelley left the role two years later; returning briefly in 1986 before returning to the role fully in 1996. In 2001, Donnelley left again in what was supposed to be a storyline-dictated departure, however, the role was later recast with Susan Walters. After three years in the role, Walters chose to drop to recurring status in 2004, but wasn't seen again until a brief guest appearance in February 2010. Seven months later, the role was recast a second time with Maura West, who took over in October.
Diane has had relationships with business tycoons Jack Abbott (Peter Bergman) and Victor Newman (Eric Braeden). Diane has a son with Jack, Kyle Abbott (Lachlan Buchanan, Michael Mealor), who was initially supposed to be Victor's son before his sperm sample was switched. Donnelley described Diane as "taking herself much too seriously", while Walters criticized the character for existing solely to advance another character's storyline. Former head writer Maria Arena Bell was heavily criticized for the writing for West; Zap2it said Bell missed an opportunity to focus on Diane's rivalry with Jack. In 2011, within eight months of joining the cast, West was let go and the character was killed off two months later in a whodunit murder storyline. The storyline also was harshly criticized for progressing too slowly, as it was a six-month period before the revelation that Nikki Newman (Melody Thomas Scott) killed Diane in self-defense.
Contents
[hide]
1 Casting and creation
2 Storylines
2.1 1982–84, 1986
2.2 1996–2004
2.3 2010–11
3 References
Casting and creation[edit]
A guest appearance Donnelley made on Simon & Simon attracted the attention of the series' casting department, and she was eventually cast in the intended short-term role of Diane. The role was later expanded and Donnelley signed a three-year contract.[1] In 1984, Donnelley left the role to pursue a career in episodic television and in feature films,[2] but returned for a brief guest appearance in 1986. In 1996, Donnelley returned to the role fully, remaining for an additional five years until it was announced that she would exit in a storyline dictated departure during the February sweeps period of 2001.[3] After her onscreen departure, Donnelley was officially let go from the soap but was said to possibly return at a later date.[4] Instead, the role was recast with Walters due to the writers wanting to take the character in a different direction. Donnelley commented that it was disappointing not to be returning to the role.[5] In 2004, Walters opted not to renew her contract and was bumped to recurring status. She explained that she wasn't ruling out a possible return in the future. However, she wanted the character to have a storyline of her own rather than existing for the sole purpose of advancing another character's story.[6] After nearly six years off-screen, Walters reprised the role in a two-episode guest appearance in February 2010.
In August, seven months later, it was announced that West would take over the role.[7][8][9] West said the character had potential and was interesting.[10] In May 2011, eight months after joining the cast, West was let go from the role and exited onscreen in August as part of a whodunit murder storyline.[11][12][13][14]
Storylines[edit]
1982–84, 1986[edit]
Calculating that dating Jack Abbott would help her become a top model at Jabot, Diane Jenkins decided to start sleeping with him and fell in love with him, but Jack left her when he decided to marry Patty Williams as a way to show his father that he is a grown man. Despite that, Jack was late to his own wedding because he was sleeping with Diane. Diane and Jack continued their affair, and she was able to blackmail her way into becoming Jabot's top model. Jack, however, was more interested in having Julia Newman be Jabot's top model. When Diane learned this, she heightened her affair with Jack. Later, Patty miscarried upon seeing Jack and Diane making love in the Jabot headquarters lobby. Nonetheless, Patty wanted to continue her marriage to Jack just out of spite to Diane. After Patty's miscarriage, she wanted to have another baby and to move out of the Abbott Mansion and into their own house. Soon after, Jack spoke with former romance and current stepmother, Jill Abbott, about the real reason why he married Patty. Patty eventually found out and shot Jack. Jack lived, and Patty was sent to a mental facility. They later divorced.
Diane came to the conclusion that Jack isn't worth her time and focused on a new love, a detective named Andy Richards. Andy worked alongside Paul Williams, Patty's brother. The couple married and led an uneventful life, which led Diane to begin another affair with Jack. Later, Diane heard that Jack was going to give her a gift, which she had hoped was an engagement ring. Clearly, Jack had changed, so she asked Andy for a divorce and was looking forward to being with Jack, only to learn, that the gift was a bracelet, which was his way of saying he would be unable to commit to her. Disappointed, Diane left to Europe, but even there she couldn't rest. She figured out that she loved Andy, so she returned to town only to find Andy happy with Farren Connor. She left town again.
1996–2004[edit]
Ten years later and now working as an architect, Diane returned to Genoa City a free woman. She began working for Jack again, leaving their families to worry that they might hook up again. Diane and Jack admitted their feelings for each other and got engaged. Jack's nemesis Victor Newman hatched a plan to steal Diane away from Jack as a way of getting revenge, but he fell for Diane. The couple got married and started living a good life until Diane decided to have a baby. She was bitterly disappointed to learn that Victor had a vasectomy suggested by his former wife, Nikki Newman. Nikki was shot by her husband's ex-wife, Veronica Landers, and was on her deathbed, so Victor divorced Diane in order to marry Nikki before she died. A twist of fate kept Nikki alive, while Diane was hoping that Victor would be able to remarry her. Victor and Nikki realized they still loved each other and decided to get married — because their quick marriage in the hospital wasn't legal. Diane didn't take this easily and decided to get revenge. At their divorce settlement in February 1999, Diane got a permanent board seat at Newman Enterprises.
Diane was taken by surprise when she learned Victor had his sperm frozen at Robertson Labs, so she arranged to get it in order to be artificially inseminated and carry Victor's child. Several people found out about it, and the sperm was stolen and transferred various times. When Diane finally got her hands on it again, she rushed to the doctor to be inseminated. Diane gave birth to a boy and named him Christian Victor Newman. She told Victor that the baby was his child. A DNA test proved that the baby wasn't Victor's, and Diane left town not long after. What Diane didn't know was that Nikki asked to switch Victor's sample with another, and she was shocked to learn that it was Jack’s. Keen on finding out if Diane was a good mother, Nikki tracked her down in Milan and went to see her. She decided to keep quiet about the baby's paternity.
Diane returned to town not long after that trying to find out why Nikki went to see her. She renamed the baby Kyle and eventually found out that Jack was the father. Jack, who at the time was married to Phyllis Abbott, sued for sole custody of the child but didn't get it after Phyllis ruined her testimony on the stand. Diane got custody of the baby but refused to stop there — she wanted Jack back. She moved into the Abbott pool house and started playing games with Phyllis. Jack made an agreement to let Diane stay at the pool house but forbade her to go near the main house. One night, the pool house was burned down with Diane barely surviving. Phyllis was the main suspect for arson, but she was able to eventually prove that Diane set it up to look like Phyllis wanted her dead. Jack and Phyllis were able to get custody of Kyle. Diane's life got a bit better when Andy returned to Genoa City, and they started dating again, but he left not long after he arrived. Diane broke any attachment to Jabot, and Jack decided to give her Kyle back. She started working on a project for Newman with Drucilla Winters, but the project didn't last long. Diane then left to live in Chicago with her son.
2010–11[edit]
In late February 2010, Diane returned to town to visit Jack with their son Kyle Jenkins Abbott as a surprise arranged by Jack's new wife Dr. Emily Peterson (Stacy Haiduk) as a wedding gift. In the process of her return, Diane had a run-in with her longtime nemesis Phyllis and unknown to Diane, as well as everyone, she also came face to face with Jack's first wife Patty Williams (Haiduk), who was posing as Emily, after causing her to be hospitalized and unconscious.
Diane returned to Genoa City in October 2010, admitted to Jack that she returned to town because of their son, Kyle (Garrett Ryan). Diane admitted that she hoped that Jack and Kyle could connect as father and son, revealing her intentions of moving back to town, leaving Toronto permanently. After sleeping with Tucker McCall (Stephen Nichols), McCall refuses to hire Diane due to an article published by Restless Style Magazine, owned by her rival Phyllis. Diane soon begins a romantic relationship with Nicholas Newman (Joshua Morrow), which is cut short due to Victor's jealousy. After being hired by Victor to do some work on The Newman Ranch, the pair in a mutually beneficial relationship.
The marriage fails to last when Victor rediscovers his love for Nikki, ending the marriage in an annulment. Consumed with robbing Victor of all he's worth, Diane schemes up a plan with Victor's son Adam Newman (Michael Muhney) to fake a pregnancy. However, when Victor discovers the scheme is a sham, he throws Diane out of the ambulance. Diane turns her attentions back to Jack for help, but after a night of passion, Jack refuses to let Diane back into his life in a romantic capacity. Determined to escape town, Diane purchases Kyle a fake passport to send him to Switzerland under the alias Timothy Bilton and with the help of Adam would escape town and join him there.
On the night she was expected to leave, Diane tried extorting Victor into giving her money for a tape that showed Abby Newman (Marcy Rylan) responsible for an accident which caused Tucker to land in the hospital for several months in a coma. When her attempt to extort Victor failed, she took her efforts to Ashley. Diane then confessed to having slept with Tucker, leading Ashley to slap her straight across the face. Diane then sends a mass text message to everyone who had wronged her: Abby, Ashley, Jack, Nicholas, Phyllis, Tucker and Victor. The morning after, Diane's dead body is discovered in the lake in the park by Patrick Murphy (Michael Fairman). Diane's death leads to a prolonged investigation.
In January 2012, more evidence is brought to the attention of Ronan Malloy (Jeff Branson), indicating Nikki Newman killed Diane Jenkins in self-defense. However, further video evidence shows that it was Nikki's then-husband Deacon Sharpe (Sean Kanan) who delivered the fatal blow from a rock to Diane's head, finally resolving the death investigation of Diane Jenkins.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Reed, Jon-Michael (July 1, 1983). "Alex got more than bargained for". Tri City Herald. p. 10.
Jump up ^ Hart, Marla (February 15, 1998). "Days Of Their Lives These Stars May Now Play Out Dramas On Soap Operas, But The North Suburbs Were Their First Stage". Chicago Tribune. p. 1.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Dan J. (January 7, 2001). "Donnelley to make Sweeping exit". SoapCentral. Retrieved February 15, 2013.
Jump up ^ Havens, Candace (March 2, 2001). "After all these years, will Scott and Laura reunite?". The Union Democrat. p. 12.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Dan J. (September 30, 2001). "Diane returning, Donnelley isn't". SoapCentral. Retrieved February 15, 2013.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Dan J. (December 20, 2004). "Walters drops to recurring, gets new gig". SoapCentral. Retrieved February 15, 2013.
Jump up ^ Logan, Michael (2012-08-05). "Exclusive: Maura West Joins The Young and the Restless". TV Guide. TVGuide.com. Retrieved May 26, 2012.
Jump up ^ Fairman, Michael (2010-08-05). "B-I-N-G-O! ATWT's Maura West headed to Y&R!". Michael Fairman On-Air On-Soaps. Retrieved May 26, 2012.
Jump up ^ Nobles, Omar (2010-08-05). "Maura West Joins 'The Young and the Restless'". TV Source Magazine. TVsourcemagazine.com. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
Jump up ^ Fairman, Michael (2010-09-017). "The Maura West Interview – As the World Turns". Michael Fairman On-Air On-Soaps. Retrieved May 26, 2012. Check date values in: |date= (help)
Jump up ^ "West Out as Y&R's Diane". Soap Opera Digest. Soapoperadigest.com. 2011-05-25. Retrieved May 26, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Dan J. (2011-05-25). "Maura West let go from Y&R". SoapCentral. Retrieved May 26, 2012.
Jump up ^ Fairman, Michael (2011-05-24). "DEVELOPING STORY: Is Maura West out at Y&R?". Michael Fairman On-Air On-Soaps. Retrieved May 26, 2012.
Jump up ^ Riel, Karen (2011-05-24). "Y&R Fires Emmy Winner Maura West!". TV Source Magazine. TVsourcemagazine.com. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
show
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The Young and the Restless
Cast
Present cast members
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William J. Bell
Lee Phillip Bell
Mal Young
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Newman
Abbott
Chancellor
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Related articles
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Victor Newman
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Barton Shelby
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Neil Winters
show
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Sam Gibson
Scotty Grainger
Diego Guittierez
Nathan Hastings
Jana Hawkes
J.T. Hellstrom
Reed Hellstrom
Juliet Helton
Brittany Hodges
Cole Howard
Diane Jenkins
Mamie Johnson
Anita Lawson
Chelsea Lawson
Leanna Love
Ronan Malloy
Dylan McAvoy
Tucker McCall
Ryan McNeil
Tyler Michaelson
Chloe Mitchell
Amber Moore
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Luca Santori
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Rex Sterling
Heather Stevens
Grace Turner
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Jane the Virgin (season 2)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Jane the Virgin (season 2)
Jane the Virgin season 2 poster
Starring
Gina Rodriguez
Andrea Navedo
Yael Grobglas
Justin Baldoni
Ivonne Coll
Brett Dier
Jaime Camil
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
22
Release
Original network
The CW
Original release
October 12, 2015 (2015-10-12) – May 16, 2016 (2016-05-16)
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 1
Next →
Season 3
List of Jane the Virgin episodes
The second season of Jane the Virgin premiered on The CW on October 12, 2015 and ended on May 16, 2016. The season consisted of 22 episodes and stars Gina Rodriguez as a young Latina university student accidentally artificially inseminated with her boss' sperm, Rafael Solano (Justin Baldoni). In this season, after giving birth to Mateo, her and Rafael's son, Jane struggles with motherhood and her love life.
Contents
1 Cast and characters
1.1 Main
1.2 Recurring
2 Episodes
3 Ratings
4 Home media
5 References
Cast and characters[edit]
Main[edit]
Gina Rodriguez as Jane Gloriana Villanueva
Andrea Navedo as Xiomara "Xo" Gloriana Villanueva
Yael Grobglas as Petra Solano
Justin Baldoni as Rafael Solano
Ivonne Coll as Alba Gloriana Villanueva
Brett Dier as Michael Cordero, Jr.
Jaime Camil as Rogelio de la Vega
Anthony Mendez as the Latin Lover Narrator (voice over)
Recurring[edit]
Yara Martinez as Dr. Luisa Alver
Bridget Regan as Rose Solano / Sin Rostro
Michael Rady as Lachlan
Diane Guerrero as Lina Santillan
Azie Tesfai as Detective Nadine Hansen
Priscilla Barnes as Magda Andel
Brian Dare as Luca
Brian Jordan Alvarez as Wesley Masters
Max Bird-Ridnell as Milos Dvoracek
Episodes[edit]
See also: List of Jane the Virgin episodes
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
23
1 "Chapter Twenty-Three" Brad Silberling Jennie Snyder Urman October 12, 2015 (2015-10-12) 1.06[1]
Picking up immediately where Season 1 left off, Jane and everyone else learns about Mateo's kidnapping, especially of Sin Rostro's involvement. Rogelio tweets about Mateo's kidnapping and the family's house is soon surrounded by paparazzi. Michael steps in and arranges for the baby's safe return by handing over an incriminating computer chip from Luisa to Sin Rostro. Jane tries to focus on motherhood and leans on her mother and grandmother for support which makes Rafael feel left out as parent. Meanwhile, Petra contemplates what to do with Rafael's second sperm sample.
24
2 "Chapter Twenty-Four" Edward Ornelas David S. Rosenthal October 19, 2015 (2015-10-19) 0.84[2]
Jane receives Mateo back, but must face the brewing love triangle between her, Michael and Rafael. Jane begins seeing visions of her "bachelorette self" encouraging her to make a choice of who to be with. Jane also turns into an even more emotional wreck since her baby's abduction and begins to see Rose everywhere she looks. Meanwhile, Xo and Rogelio must perform on a cruise ship as part of contract agreements. Back in Miami, Rafael's smarmy assistant, Scott, blackmails Petra into giving him a raise and a promotion or he will tell Rafael about the theft of the sperm sample. Lachlan returns from his trip and proposes a business deal, but Petra and Rafael don't trust him. Also, Alba decides to make a change in her life after another encounter with the police. Elsewhere, the mysterious thug, that an unseen German woman sends to Miami, abducts Luisa. Kesha guest stars in this episode.
25
3 "Chapter Twenty-Five" Robert Luketic Corinne Brinkerhoff October 26, 2015 (2015-10-26) 0.94[3]
Jane and Rafael plan Mateo's baptism. Jane is given the chance to enter the graduate program in teaching, but she is faced with the dilemma of leaving her son sooner than she expected. Meanwhile, Rafael is struggling to manage Petra's pregnancy with his baby. Xo helps Rogelio overcome his past and Michael asks Jane's father for advice to handle Jane. Ultimately, Petra, Jane and Rafael decide it would be best for Petra to stay in Miami as they try to make it work. Jane is also allowed to stay in her graduate program and, after hearing the good news, is kissed by Rafael. It is not seen whether she rejects this or simply has mixed feelings. Petra, however, takes a picture of the kiss. Elsewhere, a captive Luisa tries to make sense of her situation as she tries to learn the identity of her German abductors. Also, Michael steps up his work on finding Sin Rostro and learns of a new threat and possible third party involved.
26
4 "Chapter Twenty-Six" Zetna Fuentes Paul Sciarrotta November 2, 2015 (2015-11-02) 1.09[4]
Jane accidentally puts a strain between her and Lina's friendship when she forgets to plan Lina's 25th birthday party as she juggles motherhood and school simultaneously. Rafael reveals his feelings to Jane, but he confuses her when he asks for joint custody of their son. Petra tries to convince Michael to help her to keep Jane and Rafael apart and she tells him about witnessing the kiss between Jane and Rafael. Rogelio is a victim of blackmail from his ex-wife and he asks Xo for help. Meanwhile, Michael is assigned a new partner; a feisty young woman named Susanna Barnett, whom he is not very eager to be working with. Later, Luisa is released by her unknown captors and she gives Michael and Susanna a lead to the Sin Rostro case. Jane and Michael share a much more passionate kiss than her kiss with Rafael, and she decides to be with Michael. However, Rafael hears this through the baby monitor.
27
5 "Chapter Twenty-Seven" Jann Turner Jessica O'Toole & Amy Rardin November 9, 2015 (2015-11-09) 1.11[5]
Jane believes she has reached the ending of her love triangle when she considers choosing Michael over Rafael. Meanwhile, Alba has commenced her citizenship request, but Xo's past involving taking the rap for of grand larceny for an old boyfriend interferes with the process. Britney Spears checks into the Marbella, and Rogelio is determined to confront her. Michael is so lost in his ongoing battle for Jane with Rafael that he gets into trouble at work while he is unaware that his new partner, Susanna, is an undercover Internal Affairs agent hired by his superior officer, Lt. Armstrong, to investigate him for corruption. Elsewhere, Petra is given a deal by Milos that she just can't refuse despite her distrusting him.
28
6 "Chapter Twenty-Eight" Melanie Mayron Corinne Brinkerhoff & Micah Schraft November 16, 2015 (2015-11-16) 1.10[6]
In this episode, spanning over six months, Jane and Rafael begin planning for Mateo's future. However, Jane learns Mateo will inherit a lot of money, and she worries that he will be spoiled. Meanwhile, Jane has finally begun her graduate program, but her stern and intimidating professor is not on Jane's side and is unsympathetic to her inability to meet deadlines and raise her baby all at once. Rogelio's TV show comes to an end, so he decides to create another show of his own with himself being the star, producer and director. Petra finds out what is she having in her sham marriage with Milos and turns to Jane for help to get her mother out of prison. When Magda is finally released, she plots with Petra to get rid of Milos by exposing his arms smuggling operation. Elsewhere, a disgraced Michael, having lost everything, is abducted by his former partner Nadine who makes him an offer to join Sin Rostro's criminal organization. Michael's response and actions afterwards are ambiguous.
29
7 "Chapter Twenty-Nine" Edward Ornelas David S. Rosenthal & Dara Resnick Creasey November 23, 2015 (2015-11-23) 0.98[7]
Jane, her family and Rafael go Black Friday Shopping at Target where Jane accidentally bumps into Michael. It is revealed (to the viewers) that Michael was not actually fired but has been working undercover for the past six months, during which time he has tried to zero in on Sin Rostro and lost Nadine (after she was shot and killed trying to protect him from an unknown hitman). After failing to convince Hollywood that "Hombres Locos" must be produced, Rogelio decides go back to his original studio and accept any job they throw at him, fearing he won't be able to maintain his ostentatious lifestyle otherwise. Xiomara finally makes some progress in her music career, but hits a snag due to Rogelio's meddling. Meanwhile, Rafael and Jane start searching for babysitters for Mateo while they go on a date, however, after the date Jane discovers some unsettling news about Rafael. Elsewhere, Petra is trying to help Magda with her crazy plan regarding what to do with Ivan's dead body and how to get it out of the hotel. Also, Luisa makes a startling revelation about her late mother.
30
8 "Chapter Thirty" Uta Briesewitz Paul Sciarrotta & Carolina Rivera December 14, 2015 (2015-12-14) 0.98[8]
Jane is still angry at Rafael that he lied and paid someone to report Michael but tries to keep calm. In addition to this, she discovers that she didn't receive a need-based scholarship for her grad school as originally thought, but that Rogelio has secretly been paying for it. In order to come up with the money herself, she tries to land a TA position and write a short story in a thriller/sci-fi/historical genre for a short story contest. Meanwhile, Rogelio gets a new assistant but still cannot get over his friendship with Michael, at the same time been apprehensive of Jane's dismissal of Rafael because of his own history with his child. Michael gets ever so closer to finding the notorious drug-lord Mutter, the rival to Sin Rostro, a revelation that further shakes Luisa when she learns that Mutter may in fact be her long-thought dead mother. Elsewhere, Petra comes clean to Rafael about her mother killing Ivan, but Magda has other plans, by having Petra arrested, who faces prison time. Alba also finally gets her green card.
31
9 "Chapter Thirty-One" Joanna Kerns Emmylou Diaz & Jessica O'Toole & Amy Rardin January 25, 2016 (2016-01-25) 0.99[9]
Rogelio's mom Liliana (guest star Rita Moreno) visits Miami to meet her great-grandson for the first time, but comes without her husband and Rogelio's father Manuel. She privately reveals to Jane that Manuel is actually gay and is leaving her for a man after 47 years of marriage. After Jane shares this with her family, Rogelio talks with his mom and also invites his dad to come along, which brings up new secrets to the surface. Meanwhile, Petra is facing jail after being accused by her mother of killing Ivan, and after a heat-to-heart talk with Rafael, they manage to prove Magda is the guilty one. Also, Jane, Alba and Xiomara are trying to sleep-train Mateo to curb his crying fits, and Jane and Alba have contrasting views on how to do this. Alba finally shows Jane that sometimes tough love is what is needed, something Jane tries to use on her first college class as a TA to mixed results when she tries to persuade a slacker basketball player to write his assignment paper. Rafael, after being spurred by his honest conversations with Petra, finally contacts his mother again, while Michael and Jane come to an understating about their relationship. Elsewhere, Luisa discovers her mother is definitely dead and is not Mutter. Luisa also finally makes her move on Susanna who quickly rejects Luisa. At the end, Rafael finally discovers the real identity of Mutter.
32
10 "Chapter Thirty-Two" Jason Reilly Micah Schraft February 1, 2016 (2016-02-01) 1.04[10]
In the middle of the night, Jane gets a burst of creative energy and starts her thesis. Unfortunately, Baby Mateo spills orange juice all over her computer causing it to crash and Jane loses all her hard work. When Jane brings her computer to be fixed, she meets Dax, a guy who works at the computer store, and with the urging of her friend Lina, Jane considers dating again. Meanwhile, Rogelio decides to have his mother Liliana become his manager, but soon realizes that was not the best decision. When Rafael awakens after being attacked by his mother now known to be the crime lord Mutter, he goes to Michael and tells him what Mutter is looking for. Michael then flashes back to his time with Nadine while deep undercover in Mexico and comes to learn where Nadine was hiding the computer chip she was supposed to deliver to Sin Rostro. Elsewhere, Petra is ordered to take bed rest for one week which she proves to be a handful for Rafael who is looking after her.
33
11 "Chapter Thirty-Three" Uta Briesewitz Michael J. Cinquemani February 8, 2016 (2016-02-08) 0.94[11]
Jane's crush on Professor Chavez is popping up in her dreams and she needs to evaluate her feelings towards him. But each time Jane tries to make her move on Chavez, he keeps throwing the emotional barriers up. Meanwhile, Xo and Jane find Liliana's engagement ring and think that Rogelio is going to propose. Rogelio IS planning to propose, but with a different ring, one that gets swallowed accidentally by Mateo. Also, Michael comes to a realization about Rose and Mutter when he discovers a connection between them. Elsewhere, Rafael and Petra try to bring in more business for the hotel by meeting with Izzie Hillcroft, a famous artist, who holds a personal grudge against Petra. Also, Luisa continues to make the moves on Susanna who rejects Luisa a second time, but only for the reason that Susanna still sees that Luisa still had lingering feelings for Rose.
34
12 "Chapter Thirty-Four" Howard Deutch Madeline Hendricks February 22, 2016 (2016-02-22) 0.94[12]
Jane is considering whether or not to take her relationship with Jonathan to the next level and turns to Xo for advice. Xo and Rogelio have their own relationship issues to work out. Meanwhile, as a favor to Rafael, Jane agrees to help Petra by throwing her a baby shower. Luisa is in a terrible car accident, but all is not as it seems. Michael comes to a realization he must share with Jane.
35
13 "Chapter Thirty-Five" Melanie Mayron Chantelle M. Wells February 29, 2016 (2016-02-29) 0.91[13]
Jane and Michael are back together. Jane attempts to get Rafael and Michael to reconcile, but it doesn’t go well. While Rafael is sulking over losing Jane, he is ignoring Petra and her pregnancy needs. Xo and Rogelio have broken up over the baby issue, but they are still acting like a couple, something Jane sees as a problem. Rogelio hires a new assistant, Paolo, who appears too good to be true.
36
14 "Chapter Thirty-Six" Uta Briesewitz Jessica O'Toole & Amy Rardin March 7, 2016 (2016-03-07) 0.92[14]
Jane and Petra attempt to stop Rafael's spiral into self-destruction until they realise that he is working undercover with the police to try to find his half-brother Derek and Muter, his crimelord mother. Xiomara finds out about her mother's previous sexual encounters and confronts her on them, eventually inviting her mother's ex-lover to stay with them in their home. Jane and Michael re-examine their relationship and the reasons that led to their break-up leading to Michael proposing (again) to Jane. Jane is outraged when she discovers that her favourite author plagiarised her manuscript and goes to confront her on it, just as Petra goes into labour Petra gives birth, naming her twin daughters Anna and Elsa. Rogelio is being kept hostage by Lola and drugs her and attempts to escape. She wakes up enraged and attacks him with one of his own trophies.
37
15 "Chapter Thirty-Seven" Melanie Mayron Sarah Goldfinger March 21, 2016 (2016-03-21) 0.77[15]
Jane is struggling to be liked by Michael's parents after she learns that they are resentful towards her previous break up with Michael. She is also having trouble with her new advisor, who is seemingly harsh at Jane's writing as she is trying to pass the Bechdel test. Michael is sent out to find Rogelio at Jane's request and they all find out he was kidnapped. Alba finally meets Pablo and goes out on a date with him despite her fear of him being cursed. Rafael meets with his half brother, Derek and after a deep talk he decides that he is telling the truth about his whereabouts when their mother was found to be a drug lord, but Michael feels otherwise as he thinks Rafael is just being played. Petra is struggling fitting into her new mother role but with encouragement from Rafael, she starts to warm up to the idea.
38
16 "Chapter Thirty-Eight" Georgina Garcia Riedel Micah Schraft March 28, 2016 (2016-03-28) 0.94[16]
A flood hits Jane's home, disrupting her wedding plans with Michael. Meanwhile, Jane and her dad clash over how big a wedding she should have; Rafael objects to Jane moving 45 minutes away with Mateo; and Petra continues to struggle with motherhood.
39
17 "Chapter Thirty-Nine" Matthew Diamond Carolina Rivera April 11, 2016 (2016-04-11) 0.93[17]
Jane's bachelorette party doesn't go her way; Michael's future father-in-law tries to plan the perfect bachelor party; Rafael tries to figure out his half-brother's motives.
40
18 "Chapter Forty" Anna Mastro Jessica O'Toole & Amy Rardin April 18, 2016 (2016-04-18) 0.96[18]
Michael volunteers to watch Mateo for Jane; Rafael gets upset by the growing bond between Michael and Mateo. Rogelio turns to his favorite writer to get him out of a jam. Petra has an unlikely visitor and takes a visit to her mother.
41
19 "Chapter Forty-One" Gina Lamar Joe Lawson April 25, 2016 (2016-04-25) 0.84[19]
After Michael is fired from the police force, Jane takes on more shifts at Marbella to earn extra money. Jane is forced to pair up with Petra's slow-witted sister to help her with her first job. Meanwhile, Jane and Rafael go to a mediator to arrange a formal custody agreement for baby Mateo. Elsewhere, Xo takes an acting role alongside Rogelio and soon figures out his tryst with his series writer.
42
20 "Chapter Forty-Two" Zetna Fuentes Micah Schraft & Paul Sciarrotta May 2, 2016 (2016-05-02) 0.86[20]
Jane looks forward to a Mother's Day tradition with the Villanueva women until Petra changes plans. A mysterious ad in a college newspaper puts Jane's TA position in jeopardy.
43
21 "Chapter Forty-Three" Melanie Mayron Jessica O'Toole & Amy Rardin & Paul Sciarrotta May 9, 2016 (2016-05-09) 0.90[21]
Plans for Mateo's first birthday celebration falter when Jane learns there might be an issue with her wedding venue. Jane and Petra disagree on how Rafael should deal with his troubles, and Michael believes Derek is in cahoots with Mutter.
44
22 "Chapter Forty-Four" Jann Turner Paul Sciarrotta & Jennie Snyder Urman May 16, 2016 (2016-05-16) 0.97[22]
After moving up the wedding day, Jane and Michael find all their carefully made plans thrown into chaos. Worse still, Jane is unhappy with her current graduate thesis, but changing it might put a hold on her wedding day. After being reinstated on the police force with a promotion following the arrest of Mutter, Michael believes that there is something he missed after finally closing the case. Meanwhile, Rafael still has feelings for Jane, but is torn about whether he should speak now or forever hold his peace. Petra has her own family drama when scheming twin sister Anezka has a medical emergency and ends up in the hospital. Also, Rogelio and Xo are finally coming to terms with the state of their relationship until Xo gets surprising news. In another series of season-ending cliff hanging plot twists, Anezka's devious plans are finally revealed, and Michael's life is in doubt as a recurring character thought to be dead is revealed to be still alive, and another recurring character thought to be alive is already dead. Bruno Mars guest stars in this episode.
Ratings[edit]
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)
1 "Chapter Twenty-Three" October 12, 2015 (2015-10-12) 0.4/1 1.06[1] 0.4 0.69 0.8 1.76[23]
2 "Chapter Twenty-Four" October 19, 2015 (2015-10-19) 0.4/1 0.84[2] N/A 0.68 N/A 1.52[24]
3 "Chapter Twenty-Five" October 26, 2015 (2015-10-26) 0.3/1 0.94[3] 0.3 0.56 0.6 1.51[25]
4 "Chapter Twenty-Six" November 2, 2015 (2015-11-02) 0.4/1 1.09[4] 0.4 0.71 0.8 1.81[26]
5 "Chapter Twenty-Seven" November 9, 2015 (2015-11-09) 0.4/1 1.11[5] 0.3 0.65 0.7 1.76[27]
6 "Chapter Twenty-Eight" November 16, 2015 (2015-11-16) 0.5/2 1.10[6] N/A 0.55 N/A 1.67[28]
7 "Chapter Twenty-Nine" November 23, 2015 (2015-11-23) 0.4/1 0.98[7] 0.3 0.62 0.7 1.60[29]
8 "Chapter Thirty" December 14, 2015 (2015-12-14) 0.3/1 0.98[8] 0.4 0.63 0.7 1.61[30]
9 "Chapter Thirty-One" January 25, 2016 (2016-01-25) 0.4/1 0.99[9] 0.3 0.69 0.7 1.68[31]
10 "Chapter Thirty-Two" February 1, 2016 (2016-02-01) 0.4/1 1.04[10] 0.3 0.66 0.7 1.70[32]
11 "Chapter Thirty-Three" February 8, 2016 (2016-02-08) 0.3/1 0.94[11] 0.4 0.74 0.7 1.68[33]
12 "Chapter Thirty-Four" February 22, 2016 (2016-02-22) 0.3/1 0.94[12] 0.4 0.72 0.7 1.66[34]
13 "Chapter Thirty-Five" February 29, 2016 (2016-02-29) 0.3/1 0.91[13] 0.4 0.70 0.7 1.61[35]
14 "Chapter Thirty-Six" March 7, 2016 (2016-03-07) 0.4/1 0.92[14] 0.3 0.68 0.7 1.60[36]
15 "Chapter Thirty-Seven" March 21, 2016 (2016-03-21) 0.3/1 0.77[15] 0.3 0.66 0.6 1.43[37]
16 "Chapter Thirty-Eight" March 28, 2016 (2016-03-28) 0.4/1 0.94[16] 0.3 0.69 0.7 1.63[38]
17 "Chapter Thirty-Nine" April 11, 2016 (2016-04-11) 0.4/1 0.97[17] 0.3 0.69 0.7 1.66[39]
18 "Chapter Forty" April 18, 2016 (2016-04-18) 0.4/1 0.96[18] 0.4 0.68 0.8 1.64[40]
19 "Chapter Forty-One" April 25, 2016 (2016-04-25) 0.4/1 0.84[19] 0.3 0.74 0.7 1.58[41]
20 "Chapter Forty-Two" May 2, 2016 (2016-05-02) 0.3/1 0.86[20] 0.4 0.69 0.7 1.54[42]
21 "Chapter Forty-Three" May 9, 2016 (2016-05-09) 0.3/1 0.90[21] 0.4 0.66 0.7 1.56[43]
22 "Chapter Forty-Four" May 16, 2016 (2016-05-16) 0.4/1 0.97[22] 0.3 0.70 0.7 1.66[44]
Home media[edit]
The DVD release of season two is yet to be released in Region 1.
The Complete Second Season
Set details Special features
22 episodes
929 minutes (Region 1)
5-disc set
1.78:1 aspect ratio
Languages:
English (Dolby Digital 2.0)
Release dates
United States United Kingdom Australia
March 1, 2017[45]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (October 13, 2015). "Monday final ratings: 'The Voice' and 'Big Bang Theory' adjusted up, 'Castle,' 'Life in Pieces' and 'Scorpion' adjusted down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 14, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (October 20, 2015). "Monday final ratings: 'Crazy Ex-Girlfriend' and 'Jane the Virgin' adjusted down, 'Big Bang' adjusted up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 20, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (October 27, 2015). "Monday final ratings: 'Supergirl' and 'Blindspot' adjust down, 'Big Bang Theory' adjusts up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (November 3, 2015). "Monday final ratings: 'The Voice' and 'NCIS: LA' adjust up, 'Supergirl' holds". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 3, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (November 10, 2015). "Monday Final Ratings: 'NCIS: LA' Adjusts Up; Everything Else Holds". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (November 17, 2015). "Monday final ratings: 'Jane the Virgin' adjusts down but still hits season high, 'Scorpion' adjusts up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 17, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (November 24, 2015). "Monday final ratings: 'The Voice' adjusts up, 'Castle' adjusts down to season average". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 24, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (December 15, 2015). "Monday final ratings: 'Scorpion' and 'Jane the Virgin' adjust down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 15, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (January 26, 2016). "Monday final ratings: 'Scorpion' and 'Superstore' adjust up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 26, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (February 2, 2016). "Monday final ratings: 'X-Files,' 'Lucifer' and 'The Bachelor' adjust up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (February 9, 2016). "Monday final ratings: 'The Bachelor' and 'Scorpion' adjust up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (February 23, 2016). "Monday final ratings: 'Bachelor' adjusts up, 'Crazy Ex-Girlfriend' adjusts down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 23, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (March 1, 2016). "Monday Final Ratings: 'Blindspot,' 'Gotham' and all others hold". TVbytheNumbers. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (March 8, 2016). "Monday Final Ratings: 'Jane the Virgin' adjusts up, 'Blindspot' adjusts down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (March 22, 2016). "Monday final ratings: 'The Voice' adjusts up, 'Blindspot' adjusts down". TVbytheNumbers. Retrieved March 22, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick. "Monday final ratings: 'Supergirl,' 'Blindspot' and everything else hold". TV By The Numbers. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (April 12, 2016). "Monday final ratings: 'The Voice' adjusts up, 'Crazy Ex-Girlfriend' and 'Jane the Virgin' adjust down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (April 19, 2016). "Monday final ratings: 'Supergirl' finale adjusts up, 'NCIS: LA' adjusts down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 19, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (April 26, 2016). "Monday final ratings: 'The Voice' adjusts down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 26, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (May 3, 2016). "Monday final ratings: 'NCIS: LA' finale and all others hold". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 3, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (May 10, 2016). "Monday final ratings: 'Blindspot' and 'Reign' adjust down". TVbytheNumbers. Retrieved May 10, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (May 17, 2016). "Monday final ratings: 'Mike & Molly' finale and 'The Voice' adjust up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 4, 2015). "Broadcast Live +7 ratings, week 4: 'Jane the Virgin' premiere doubles, 'Empire' and 'Blindspot' top charts for Oct. 12-18". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 9, 2015). "Broadcast Live +7 ratings, week 5: 'Empire' and 'Blindspot' have biggest toal gains, 5 shows double". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 16, 2015). "Broadcast Live +7 ratings: 'Big Bang Theory' and 'Blindspot' top week 6, 'Quantico' doubles in 18-49 and viewers". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 23, 2015). "Broadcast Live +7 ratings, week 7: 'Elementary' is still a strong DVR show". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (December 1, 2015). "Broadcast Live +7 ratings, week 8: 'Empire,' 'Big Bang Theory' and 'Quantico' top charts for Nov. 9-15". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 1, 2015.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (December 7, 2015). "Broadcast Live +7 ratings, week 9: 'Big Bang Theory' makes the biggest gains". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (December 14, 2015). "Broadcast Live +7 ratings, week 10: 'Blindspot' is officially* the biggest gainer in Thanksgiving week". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ Porter, Nick (January 5, 2016). "Broadcast Live +7 ratings: 'Big Bang Theory' and 'Jane the Virgin' lead a light week 13". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (February 16, 2016). "Broadcast Live +7 ratings: 'Lucifer' premiere shows solid growth in week 19". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (February 22, 2016). "Broadcast Live +7 ratings: 'Big Bang Theory' gains the most, 'Vampire Diaries' and 'Shades of Blue' double". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (February 29, 2016). "Broadcast Live +7 ratings: 'How to Get Away with Murder,' 5 other shows double in a DVR-heavy week 21". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (March 14, 2016). "Broadcast Live +7 ratings: 'Big Bang Theory' has biggest week 23 gain, 'Jane the Virgin' and 3 others double". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (March 21, 2016). "Broadcast Live +7 ratings: 'Grey's Anatomy,' 'Blindspot,' 'Jane' and 'Quantico' top week 24". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (March 28, 2016). "Broadcast Live +7 ratings: 'The Big Bang Theory' and 'Quantico' lead week 25". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (April 11, 2016). "Broadcast Live +7 ratings: 'Modern Family' tops the week of March 21–27, 6 shows double [Updated]". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (April 18, 2016). "Broadcast Live +7 ratings: 'The Big Bang Theory' and 'Empire' lead the week of March 28-April 3". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 2, 2016). "Broadcast Live +7 ratings: 'Empire' and 'Blacklist' have biggest gains, 4 shows double". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 9, 2016). "Broadcast Live +7 ratings: 'Empire' and 'Big Bang Theory' lead for April 18–24, 5 shows double". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 17, 2016). "Broadcast Live +7 ratings: 'Big Bang Theory,' 'Empire' and 'Blacklist' lead for April 25-May 1". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 23, 2016). "Broadcast Live +7 ratings: 'Big Bang Theory' tops total gains, 'Vampire Diaries' and 9 others double in 18-49". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 31, 2016). "Broadcast Live +7 ratings: 'Big Bang Theory' finale and 'Empire' share lead for May 9–15". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (June 6, 2016). "Broadcast Live +7 ratings: 'Empire' and 'Blacklist' finales lead the week of May 16–22". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Jane the Virgin - Season 2". JB Hi-Fi. Retrieved July 9, 2017.
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Jane the Virgin
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Middle Colonies
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Middle Colonies
Regional statistics
U.S. States Delaware
New Jersey
New York
Pennsylvania
The Middle Colonies were four of the thirteen colonies in British America, located between the New England Colonies and the Southern Colonies. Along with the Chesapeake Colonies, this area now roughly makes up the Mid-Atlantic states (though with the notable exception of Vermont, which is reckoned with New England).
Much of the area was part of New Netherland until the British exerted their control over the region. The British captured much of the area in their war with the Dutch around 1664, and the majority of the conquered land became the Province of New York. But The Duke of York and the King of England would later grant others ownership of the land which would become the Province of New Jersey and the Province of Pennsylvania. The Delaware Colony later separated from Pennsylvania, which was founded by William Penn.
The Middle Colonies had lots of fertile soil, which allowed the area to become a major exporter of wheat and other grains. The lumber and shipbuilding industries enjoyed success in the Middle Colonies because of the abundant forests, and Pennsylvania saw moderate success in the textile and iron industry. The Middle Colonies were the most ethnically and religiously diverse British colonies in North America; they had settlers from England, Scotland, Ireland, the Netherlands, and German states. The good farm land was much cheaper than in Europe. With the new arrivals came various Protestant denominations, which were protected in the Middle Colonies by written freedom of religion laws. This tolerance was very unusual and distinct from the situation in other British colonies.
Contents
1 History
2 Province of New Jersey
3 Province of Pennsylvania
4 Province of New York
5 Delaware Colony
6 Geography
7 Industry
8 Politics
9 Demographics
9.1 English colonists
9.2 Labor
9.3 Religion
10 See also
11 Notes
12 References
12.1 Primary sources
13 Historiography
History[edit]
The Middle Colonies were explored by Henry Hudson on a journey into the Hudson River and Delaware Bay in 1609. The Dutch soon claimed the land. Although the Swedes and the Dutch fought over the land in the 1630s through the ultimately the Dutch claimed the land, calling it New Netherland.[1] In the 1660s, the English largely conquered this land from the Dutch, renaming the area New York after the Duke of York, James II.[2][3] .
Province of New Jersey[edit]
Main articles: Bergen, New Netherland and Province of New Jersey
Map showing the borders of West New Jersey (left) and East New Jersey (right)
King Charles II renamed the land west of the Hudson River New Jersey and gave the region between New England and Maryland to his brother, the Duke of York (later King James II of England) as a proprietary colony.[2] James II later granted the land between the Hudson River and the Delaware River to two friends who had been loyal to him through the English Civil War: Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton. This land grant became the Province of New Jersey.[4][5]
In 1665, the Concession and Agreement was written in an effort to entice settlers to New Jersey. This document provided for religious freedom, no taxes without assembly approval, and a governor appointed by the proprietors.[6] The first governor appointed in this way was Philip Carteret, who founded Elizabethtown. Colonists were required to pay annual quit-rent taxes. On March 18, 1674, after encountering difficulty collecting the taxes, Lord Berkeley sold his share in the colony to Edward Byllynge, a Quaker businessman from London.[7] This sale divided New Jersey into East Jersey and West Jersey; however, the border between the two was not agreed upon until the Quintipartite Deed in 1676. From 1701 to 1765, colonists skirmished in the New York-New Jersey Line War over disputed colonial boundaries.
On April 15, 1702, Queen Anne united West and East Jersey into one Royal Colony, the Province of New Jersey.[8] Edward Hyde, 3rd Earl of Clarendon became the royal colony's first governor. After Hyde was recalled to England in 1708 over charges of graft, bribery, and corruption, the governor of New York was charged to also preside over New Jersey.[8] Finally, in 1738, King George II appointed a separate governor, Lewis Morris, to run New Jersey.[4]
The Provincial Congress of New Jersey, made up of elected delegates, formed in January 1776 to govern the colony. The Congress had Royal Governor William Franklin arrested on June 15, declaring him "an enemy to the liberties of this country".[9] On July 2, 1776, New Jersey enacted the New Jersey State Constitution, soon after having empowered delegates to the Continental Congress, on June 21, to join in a declaration of independence. The United States Declaration of Independence ended their colonial status.[5]
Province of Pennsylvania[edit]
Main article: Province of Pennsylvania
Chester Courthouse in Pennsylvania was built in 1724
King Charles II granted the land for the Pennsylvania Colony to William Penn on March 4, 1681 as payment for a debt the crown owed his family.[10] Penn wrote the Frame of Government of Pennsylvania before departing for the colony, which called for religious tolerance towards many groups, including the Religious Society of Friends and local natives.[11] As a proprietary colony, Penn governed Pennsylvania, yet its citizens were still subject to the English crown and laws.[11][12] Penn's cousin William Markham served as the first colonial deputy governor.[10][12]
Demarcated by the 42nd parallel north and 39th parallel north, Pennsylvania was bordered by the Delaware River and the colonies of New York, Maryland, and New Jersey.[12] In 1704, Dutch land given to Penn by the Duke of York was separated and once again became part of the Delaware Colony.[11] From 1692 to 1694, revolution in England deprived Penn of the governance of his colony. The Pennsylvania Assembly took this opportunity to request expanded power for elected officials, led by David Lloyd. Upon visiting the colony in 1669 and 1701, Penn eventually agreed to allow their Charter of Privileges to be added to the constitution.[12] When the British banned western expansion in 1764, fighting among colonists and against the natives swelled. In 1773, Arthur St. Clair ordered the arrest of a Virginian officer who was commanding troops against armed settlers loyal to Pennsylvania. Pennsylvanian revolutionary sentiment continued to grow, and Philadelphia, the largest city in America, soon became the meeting place of the Continental Congress. The publication of the Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776 by locally elected revolutionaries concluded the history of the Colony, and began the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
Province of New York[edit]
Main articles: Province of New York and New Netherland
The first Dutch settlements in the New York area appeared around 1613. The English captured the New Netherland Colony from the Dutch in 1664, renaming it the Province of New York after the King's brother, the Duke of York (later King James II).[3] The Dutch recaptured the colony in July 1673 during the Third Anglo-Dutch War, but gave it back to the English under the Treaty of Westminster in exchange for Suriname. The Duke of York never governed the colony himself: he instead appointed governors, councils, and other officers to run the government. Richard Nicolls served as the first governor of New York.
In 1665, the Province of New Jersey split from New York; however, the New York-New Jersey Line War continued until the final borders were decided in 1769, and approved by the legislatures and the King in 1772 and 1773 respectively. A Colonial Assembly convened in October 1683, making New York the last colony to have an assembly. A constitution was drafted and passed on October 30, 1683, giving the colonists many rights, including the rights to no taxation without representation. However, upon learning of the constitution, James II declared it void.[3]
When the Duke of York became King James II of England, New York became a royal province. In May 1688 the province briefly became part of the Dominion of New England. When James II was overthrown, the citizens of New York rebelled against the Royal Governor in Leisler's Rebellion.[13] When Henry Sloughter became governor in March 1691, the rebellion was crushed and its leader, Jacob Leisler was arrested, tried, and executed for treason. New York's charter and constitution were reinstated soon after. In April 1775, American patriots formed the New York Provincial Congress to replace the assembly. Governor William Tryon and all royal officials were forced from the colony on October 19, 1775. Colonial status ended for the new state with the United States Declaration of Independence in July 1776.
Delaware Colony[edit]
Main article: Delaware Colony
Delaware changed hands between the Dutch and Swedes between 1631 and 1655. The Dutch maintained control of Delaware until 1664, when Sir Robert Carr took New Amstel for the Duke of York, renaming it New Castle.[14] A Deputy of the Duke governed Delaware from 1664 to 1682.[14] When William Penn received his land grant of Pennsylvania in 1681, he received the Delaware area from the Duke of York, and dubbed them "The Three Lower Counties on the Delaware River".[15] In 1701, after he had troubles governing the ethnically diverse Delaware territory, Penn agreed to allow them a separate colonial assembly.[14]
Geography[edit]
The partly unglaciated Middle Colonies enjoyed fertile soil vastly different from the nearby New England Colonies, which contained more rocky soil. Because of the large grain exports resulting from this soil, the colonies came to be known as the Bread Basket Colonies. Pennsylvania became a leading exporter of wheat, corn, rye, hemp, and flax,[12] making it the leading food producer in the colonies, and later states, between the years of 1725 and 1840.[16] Broad navigable rivers of relaxed current like the Susquehanna River, the Delaware River, and the Hudson River attracted diverse business. Fur trappers moved along these rivers, and there was enough flow to enable milling with water wheel power.
Industry[edit]
Abundant forests attracted both the lumbering and shipbuilding industries to the Middle Colonies. These industries, along with the presence of deep river estuaries, led to the appearance of important ports like New York and Philadelphia. While the Middle Colonies had far more industry than the Southern Colonies, it still did not rival the industry of New England. In Pennsylvania, sawmills and gristmills were abundant, and the textile industry grew quickly. The colony also became a major producer of pig iron and its products, including the Pennsylvania long rifle and the Conestoga wagon. Other important industries included printing, publishing, and the related industry of papermaking.[12][17]
Politics[edit]
The Middle Colonies’ political groups began as small groups with narrowly focused goals. These coalitions eventually grew into diverse and large political organizations, evolving especially during the French and Indian War.[18]
The Middle Colonies were generally run by Royal or Proprietary Governors and elected Colonial Assemblies. Many Middle Colony constitutions guaranteed freedom of religion and forbade taxation without representation. Royal governors were arrested or overthrown on more than one occasion, most notably when New Jersey arrested its governor and during Leisler's Rebellion in New York. Growing unrest in the Middle Colonies eventually led the region to become the meeting place for the Continental Congress, and a center for revolution.[19] However, there were numerous pockets of neutrals and Loyalists.[20]
Demographics[edit]
The Middle Colonies tended to mix aspects of the New England and Southern Colonies. Landholdings were generally farms of 40 to 160 acres (16–65 hectares), owned by the family that worked it. In New York's Hudson Valley, however, the Dutch patroons operated very large landed estates and rented land to tenant farmers.[21]
Ethnically, the Middle Colonies were more diverse than the other British colonial regions in North America and tended to be more socially tolerant. For example, in New York, any foreigner professing Christianity was awarded citizenship, leading to a more diverse populace. As a consequence, early German settlements in the Americas concentrated in the Middle Colonies region. Indentured servitude was especially common in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York in the eighteenth century, though fewer worked in agriculture.[22]
German immigrants favored the Middle Colonies. German immigration greatly increased around 1717, and many immigrants began coming from the Rhineland. They were erroneously labeled the Pennsylvania Dutch (the German word for German is "Deutsch"), and comprised one-third of the population by the time of the American Revolution. The industry and farming skills they brought with them helped solidify the Middle Colonies' prosperity. They were noted for tight-knit religious communities, mostly Lutheran but also including many smaller sects such as the Moravians, Mennonites and Amish[23]
The Scotch-Irish began immigrating to the Middle Colonies in waves after 1717. They primarily pushed farther into the western frontier of the colonies, where they repeatedly confronted the Indians.[24] Other groups included the French Huguenots, Welsh, Dutch, Swedes, Swiss, and Scots Highlanders.[25]
English colonists[edit]
When the English took direct control of the Middle Colonies around 1664, many Quakers from Rhode Island had already been pushed into the region by Puritans, while Episcopalian businessmen settled in Philadelphia and New York City.
Welsh Quakers, Baptists and Methodists settled in the Welsh Tract of Pennsylvania. While some Welsh colonists like Roger Williams, left to found Rhode Island, Anne Hutchinson founded a seed settlement in New York. Rhode Island was not initially counted as part of New England, having been excluded from the New England Confederation, but later joined the Dominion of New England. Thus, the definition of the Middle Colonies sometimes changed and overlapped with Rhode Island's colonial boundaries. After joining the Dominion of New England, however, Rhode Island was permanently thought of as a New England colony. New York's initial possession of parts of Maine ensured a close relationship with other New England colonies like Vermont and a continuing New England influence in the colony.[20]
Both William Penn and the Lords Baltimore encouraged Irish Protestant immigration, hoping they could obtain indentured servants to work on their estates and on colonial developments.[20] Often areas of the Middle Colonies displayed prevalent Irish cultural influence.[20]
Labor[edit]
Labor was always in short supply. The most common solution was indentured servitude of young whites. These were teenagers in Britain or Germany whose parents arranged for them to work for families in the colonies until age 21, in exchange for their ocean passage. The great majority became farmers or farm wives.[26] By the mid-eighteenth century, African American slaves comprised 12% of the population of New York. Most were house servants in Manhattan, or farmworkers on Dutch estates.[27]
Religion[edit]
The Middle Colonies were the religiously diverse part of the British Empire, with a high degree of tolerance. The Penn family were Quakers, and the colony became a favorite destination for that group as well as German Lutherans, German Reformed and numerous small sects such as Mennonites, Amish and Moravians, not to mention Scotch Irish Presbyterians. The Dutch Reformed were strong in upstate New York and New Jersey, and Congregationalists were important in Long Island. The First Great Awakening invigorated religiosity and helped stimulate the growth of Congregational, Methodist and Baptist churches. Non-British colonists included Dutch Calvinist, Swedish Lutherans, Palatine Mennonites, and the Amish.[28]
See also[edit]
Mid-Atlantic
New England Colonies
Southern Colonies
Chesapeake Colonies
Colonial United States
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Jaap Jacobs, The Colony of New Netherland: A Dutch Settlement in Seventeenth-Century America (2nd ed. Cornell University Press; 2009)
^ Jump up to: a b Turner (1948), 83.
^ Jump up to: a b c Kammen (1996), 71-72.
^ Jump up to: a b Streissguth (2001), 96.
^ Jump up to: a b John E. Pomfret, Colonial New Jersey: A History (1973)
Jump up ^ Berkeley and Carteret (1664).
Jump up ^ Gerlach (2002), 384.
^ Jump up to: a b Elson (1904), 148.
Jump up ^ Skemp (1990), 192.
^ Jump up to: a b Pennsylvania Society of Governors (1916), 180-181.
^ Jump up to: a b c Penn (1682).
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Pennsylvania State History.
Jump up ^ Jerome R. Reich, Leisler's Rebellion: A Study of Democracy in New York, 1664-1720 (1953)
^ Jump up to: a b c Faragher (1990), 106-108
Jump up ^ State of Delaware (A Brief History) (2007).
Jump up ^ Ebeling (1979)
Jump up ^ Edwin J. Perkins, The Economy of Colonial America (1988)
Jump up ^ Greene (1997), 709.
Jump up ^ Jensen (1968), 461-468.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Fischer (1992), 972.
Jump up ^ Sung Bok Kim, "A New Look at the Great Landlords of Eighteenth-Century New York," William and Mary Quarterly Vol. 27, No. 4 (Oct., 1970), pp. 581-614 in JSTOR
Jump up ^ Westerkamp (1998), 452.
Jump up ^ A. G. Roeber, Palatines, Liberty, and Property: German Lutherans in Colonial British America (1998)
Jump up ^ James Graham Leyburn, The Scotch-Irish: A Social History (1989)
Jump up ^ Stephan Thermstrom, ed. Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups (1980)
Jump up ^ Marcus Jernegan, Laboring and Dependent Classes in Colonial America, 1607-1783 (1931)
Jump up ^ Ira Berlin and Leslie Harris, Slavery in New York Some work in the fields of plantations.(2005)
Jump up ^ Patricia U. Bonomi, Under the Cope of Heaven: Religion, Society, and Politics in Colonial America (2003)
References[edit]
Bod, Wayne. "The Middle Colonies." in Louise A. Breen, ed., Converging Worlds: Communities and Cultures in Colonial America (2013): 219+.
Bodle, Wayne, "The Mid-Atlantic and the American Revolution," Pennsylvania History 82#2 (Summer 2015), 282–99.
Channing, Edward (1908). A History of the United States: vol. 2, A Century of Colonial History, 1660-1760. MacMillan.
Doyle, John Andrew. English Colonies in America: Volume IV The Middle Colonies (1907) online
Ebeling, Walter (1979). The Fruited Plain: The Story of American Agriculture. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03751-9. Retrieved 22 February 2010.
Faragher, John Mack, ed. (1990) The Encyclopedia of Colonial and Revolutionary America. New York: Sachem Publishing Associates, Inc.
Fischer, David Hackett (1992). Albion's Seed. Oxford UP. ISBN 0-19-506905-6.
Greene, Jack P (1997). "Political Partisanship in the Middle American Colonies: 1700-1776". The Journal of Interdisciplinary History. Cambridge: MIT Press. 27 (4).
Illick, Joseph E. Colonial Pennsylvania: A History (1976)
Kammen, Michael (1996). Colonial New York: A History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-510779-1.
Landsman, Ned. Crossroads of Empire: The Middle Colonies in British North America (Johns Hopkins University Press; 2010) 248 pages
Munroe, John A. Colonial Delaware: A History (2003)
Penn, William (February 2, 1683). "Frame of Government of Pennsylvania". Avalon Project. Retrieved April 11, 2011.
"Pennsylvania State History: The Quaker Province: 1681-1776". Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. Archived from the original on August 22, 2008. Retrieved 5 March 2009.
Skemp, Sheila (1990). William Franklin: son of a patriot, servant of a king. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505745-7. Retrieved 4 May 2009.
Slavery: Growth in Colonial America. Detroit: UXL of the Gale Group. 2003.
State of Delaware (A Brief History). State of Delaware. 2007-01-21.
Streissguth, Thomas (2001). New Jersey. Lucent Books.
Tanner, Edwin Platt (1908). The Province of New Jersey 1664-1738. New York City: Columbia University. Retrieved 4 May 2009.
Tiedemann, Joseph S. "A Tumultuous People: The Rage for Liberty and the Ambiance of Violence in the Middle Colonies in the Years Preceding the American Revolution," Pennsylvania History Volume 77, Number 4, Autumn 2010, pp. 387–431 in Project MUSE
Tiedemann, Joseph S. "Interconnected Communities: The Middle Colonies on the Eve of the American Revolution," Pennsylvania History, 76 (Winter 2009), 1–41.
Turner, F.C. (1948). James II. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode.
"United States". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Retrieved 5 March 2009.
Westerkamp, Marilyn (1998). The Reader's Companion to U.S. Women's History. Houghton Mifflin.
Primary sources[edit]
Gerlach, Larry (editor) (2002). "New Jersey in the American Revolution, 1763-1783: A Documentary History" (PDF). New Jersey Historical Commission. Retrieved July 13, 2017. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Historiography[edit]
Bodle, Wayne. "Themes and Directions in Middles Colonies Historiography, 1980–1994", William and Mary Quarterly, July 1994, Vol. 51 Issue 3, pp. 355–88. JSTOR 2947435.
Bodle, Wayne. "The "Myth of the Middle Colonies" Reconsidered: The Process of Regionalization in Early America", Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 113, No. 4 (Oct. 1989), pp. 527–548. JSTOR 20092405.
Greenberg, Douglas. "The Middle Colonies in Recent American Historiography", William and Mary Quarterly, July 1979, Vol. 36 Issue 3, pp. 396–427. JSTOR 1943383.
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