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Decathlon
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This article is about the track and field event. For other uses, see Decathlon (disambiguation).
Decathlon combines four runs, three jumps and three throws.
The decathlon is a combined event in athletics consisting of ten track and field events. The word decathlon is of Greek origin, from δέκα (déka, meaning "ten") and ἄθλος (áthlos, or ἄθλον, áthlon, meaning "feat"). Events are held over two consecutive days and the winners are determined by the combined performance in all. Performance is judged on a points system in each event, not by the position achieved.[1] The decathlon is contested mainly by male athletes, while female athletes typically compete in the heptathlon.
Traditionally, the title of "World's Greatest Athlete" has been given to the person who wins the Olympic decathlon. This began when King Gustav V of Sweden told Jim Thorpe, "You, sir, are the world's greatest athlete" after Thorpe won the decathlon at the Stockholm Olympics in 1912.[2] The current decathlon world record holder is American Ashton Eaton, who scored 9,045 points at the 2015 IAAF World Championships.[3]
The event developed from the ancient pentathlon. Pentathlon competitions were held at the ancient Greek Olympics. Pentathlons involved five disciplines – long jump, discus throw, javelin throw, sprint and a wrestling match.[4] Introduced in Olympia during 708 BC, the competition was extremely popular for many centuries. By the sixth century BC, pentathlons had become part of religious games. A ten-event competition known as the "all-around" or "all-round" championship, similar to the modern decathlon, was first contested at the United States amateur championships in 1884 and reached a consistent form by 1890;[5][6] an all-around was held at the 1904 Summer Olympics, though whether it was an official Olympic event has been disputed.[7] The modern decathlon first appeared on the Olympic athletics program at the 1912 Games in Stockholm.[8]
Contents
[hide]
1 Format
1.1 Men's decathlon
1.2 Women's decathlon
1.3 One hour
1.4 Masters athletics
2 Points system
2.1 Benchmarks
3 Records
3.1 Decathlon bests
4 All-time top 25 athletes
4.1 Men
4.2 Notes
4.3 Women
5 Olympic medalists
6 World Championships medalists
7 Season's bests
8 National records
9 Junior (under-20) Decathlon bests
9.1 Other multiple event contests
10 Notes
11 References
12 External links
Format[edit]
Men's decathlon[edit]
The vast majority of international and top level men's decathlons are divided into a two-day competition, with the track and field events held in the order below. Traditionally, all decathletes who finish the event, rather than just the winner or medal winning athletes, do a round of honour together after the competition.
Day 1
100 metres
Long jump
Shot put
High jump
400 metres
Day 2
110 metres hurdles
Discus throw
Pole vault
Javelin throw
1500 metres
Women's decathlon[edit]
At major championships, the women's equivalent of the decathlon is the seven-event heptathlon; prior to 1981 it was the five-event pentathlon.[9] However, in 2001, the IAAF approved scoring tables for a women's decathlon; the current world record holder is Austra Skujytė of Lithuania, with 8,366.[10] Women's disciplines differ from men's in the same way as for standalone events: the shot put, discus and javelin weigh less, and the sprint hurdles uses lower hurdles over 100 m rather than 110 m. The points tables used are the same as for the heptathlon in the shared events. The schedule of events differs from the men's decathlon, with the field events switched between day one and day two; this is to avoid scheduling conflicts when men's and women's decathlon competitions take place simultaneously.[11]
Day 1
100 metres
Discus throw
Pole vault
Javelin throw
400 metres
Day 2
100 metres hurdles
Long jump
Shot put
High jump
1500 metres
One hour[edit]
The one-hour decathlon is a special type of decathlon in which the athletes have to start the last of ten events (1500 m) within sixty minutes of the start of the first event. The world record holder is Czech decathlete Robert Změlík, who achieved 7,897 points at a meeting in Ostrava, Czechoslovakia, in 1992.
Masters athletics[edit]
In Masters athletics, performance scores are age graded before being applied to the standard scoring table. This way, marks that would be competitive within an age division can get rated, even if those marks would not appear on the scale designed for younger age groups. Additionally, like women, the age divisions use different implement weights and lower hurdles. Based on this system, German Rolf Geese in the M60 division and American Robert Hewitt in the M80 divisions have set their respective world records over 8,000 points. Using the same scale, Nadine O'Connor scored 10,234 points in the W65 division, the highest decathlon score ever recorded.[12][13]
Points system[edit]
Event
A
B
C
100 m 25.4347 18 1.81
Long jump 0.14354 220 1.4
Shot put 51.39 1.5 1.05
High jump 0.8465 75 1.42
400 m 1.53775 82 1.81
110 m hurdles 5.74352 28.5 1.92
Discus throw 12.91 4 1.1
Pole vault 0.2797 100 1.35
Javelin throw 10.14 7 1.08
1500 m 0.03768 480 1.85
Main article: Decathlon scoring tables
The 2001 IAAF points tables use the following formulae:[14]
Points = INT(A(B — P)C) for track events (faster time produces a better score)
Points = INT(A(P — B)C) for field events (greater distance or height produces a better score)
A, B and C are parameters that vary by discipline, as shown in the table on the right, while P is the performance by the athlete, measured in seconds (running), metres (throwing), or centimetres (jumping).[14]
The decathlon tables should not be confused with the scoring tables compiled by Bojidar Spiriev, to allow comparison of the relative quality of performances by athletes in different events. On those tables, for example, a decathlon score of 9,006 points equates to 1,265 "comparison points", the same number as a triple jump of 18 m.[15]
Benchmarks[edit]
Split evenly between the events, the following table shows the benchmark levels needed to earn 1,000, 900, 800 and 700 points in each sport.
Event
1,000 pts
900 pts
800 pts
700 pts
Unit
100 m 10.395 10.827 11.278 11.756 Seconds
Long jump 7.76 7.36 6.94 6.51 Metres
Shot put 18.4 16.79 15.16 13.53 Metres
High jump 2.20 2.10 1.99 1.88 Metres
400 m 46.17 48.19 50.32 52.58 Seconds
110 m hurdles 13.8 14.59 15.419 16.29 Seconds
Discus throw 56.17 51.4 46.59 41.72 Metres
Pole vault 5.28 4.96 4.63 4.29 Metres
Javelin throw 77.19 70.67 64.09 57.45 Metres
1500 m 3:53.79 4:07.42 4:21.77 4:36.96 Minutes:Seconds
Records[edit]
Further information: Decathlon world record progression
The current world record holder for the decathlon is Ashton Eaton of the United States, with a score of 9,045 points set during the 2015 World Championships in Beijing, China.[16]
100m (wind)
Long jump (wind)
Shot put
High jump
400m
110H (wind)
Discus
Pole vault
Javelin
1500m
10.23 (-0.4 m/s) 7.88 m (+0.0 m/s) 14.52 m 2.01 m 45.00 WDB 13.69 (-0.2 m/s) 43.34 m 5.20 m 63.63 m 4:17.52
Record
Score
Athlete
Year
World 9,045 Ashton Eaton (USA) 2015
World junior 8,397 Torsten Voss (GDR) 1982
Continental records
Africa 8,521 Larbi Bourrada (ALG) 2016
Asia 8,725 Dmitriy Karpov (KAZ) 2004
Europe 9,026 Roman Šebrle (CZE) 2001
North, Central America
and Caribbean 9,045 Ashton Eaton (USA) 2015
Oceania 8,490 Jagan Hames (AUS) 1998
South America 8,393 Carlos Chinin (BRA) 2013
Decathlon bests[edit]
The total decathlon score for all world records in the respective events would be 12,560. The total decathlon score for all the best performances achieved during decathlons is 10,544. The Difference column shows the difference in points between the decathlon points that the individual current world record would be awarded and the points awarded to the current decathlon record for that event. The % Difference column shows the percentage difference between the time, distance or height of the individual world record and the decathlon record (other than the Total entry, which shows the percentage difference between awarded decathlon points). The relative differences in points are much higher in throwing events than in running and jumping events.
Decathlon bests are only recognised when an athlete completes the ten-event competition with a score over 7,000 points.[17]
World records (WR) compared to decathlon bests (DB)
Event
Type
Athlete
Record
Score
Difference
% Difference
Date
Location
Ref
100 m
WR Usain Bolt (JAM) 9.58 s 1,202 143 5.94 16 August 2009 Berlin
DB Damian Warner (CAN) 10.15 s 1,059 28 May 2016 Götzis [18][19]
Long jump
WR Mike Powell (USA) 8.95 m 1,312 192 8.04 30 August 1991 Tokyo
DB Ashton Eaton (USA) 8.23 m 1,120 22 June 2012 Eugene [20]
Shot put
WR Randy Barnes (USA) 23.12 m 1,295 247 17.08 20 May 1990 Westwood
DB Edy Hubacher (SUI) 19.17 m 1,048 5 October 1969 Bern
High jump
WR Javier Sotomayor (CUB) 2.45 m 1,244 183 7.35 27 July 1993 Salamanca
DB Rolf Beilschmidt (GDR) &
Christian Schenk (GDR) 2.27 m 1,061 1 October 1977
28 September 1988 Jena
Seoul
pending Derek Drouin (CAN) 2.28 m 1,071 173 7 April 2017 Montecito [21]
400 m
WR Wayde van Niekerk (RSA) 43.03 s 1,164 104 4.48 14 August 2016 Rio de Janeiro [22]
DB Ashton Eaton (USA) 45.00 s 1,060 28 August 2015 Beijing [23]
110 m hurdles
WR Aries Merritt (USA) 12.80 s 1,135 87 5.00 7 September 2012 Brussels
DB Damian Warner (CAN) 13.44 s 1,048 23 July 2015 Toronto [24]
Discus throw
WR Jürgen Schult (GDR) 74.08 m 1,383 390 24.58 6 June 1986 Neubrandenburg
DB Bryan Clay (USA) 55.87 m 993 24 June 2005 Carson
Pole vault
WR Renaud Lavillenie (FRA) 6.16 m 1,284 132 6.49 15 February 2014 Donetsk
DB Tim Lobinger (GER) 5.76 m 1,152 16 September 1999 Leverkusen
Javelin throw
WR Jan Železný (CZE) 98.48 m 1,331 291 18.96 25 May 1996 Jena
DB Peter Blank (GER) 79.80 m 1,040 19 July 1992 Emmelshausen
1500 m
WR Hicham El Guerrouj (MAR) 3 m 26.00 s 1,218 255 15.87 14 July 1998 Rome
DB Robert Baker (USA) 3 m 58.70 s 963 3 April 1980 Austin
Total
World records
12,568
2,024
16.11
Decathlon bests
10,544
All-time top 25 athletes[edit]
Correct as of June 2017.[25][26]
Men[edit]
Rank
Score
Athlete
Date
Venue
Ref
1
9,045 Ashton Eaton (USA) 28–29 August 2015 Beijing
2
9,026 Roman Šebrle (CZE) 26–27 May 2001 Götzis
3
8,994 Tomáš Dvořák (CZE) 3–4 July 1999 Prague
4
8,891 Dan O'Brien (USA) 4–5 September 1992 Talence
5
8,847 Daley Thompson (GBR) 8–9 August 1984 Los Angeles
6
8,834 Kevin Mayer (FRA) 17–18 August 2016 Rio de Janeiro [27]
7
8,832 Jürgen Hingsen (FRG) 8–9 June 1984 Mannheim
Bryan Clay (USA) 29–30 June 2008 Eugene
9
8,815 Erki Nool (EST) 6–7 August 2001 Edmonton
10
8,792 Uwe Freimuth (GDR) 20–21 July 1984 Potsdam
11
8,790 Trey Hardee (USA) 19–20 August 2009 Berlin
12
8,784 Tom Pappas (USA) 21–22 June 2003 Palo Alto
13
8,762 Siegfried Wentz (FRG) 4–5 June 1983 Filderstadt-Bernhausen
14
8,735 Eduard Hämäläinen (BLR) 28–29 May 1994 Götzis
15
8,727 Dave Johnson (USA) 23–24 April 1992 Azusa, California
16
8,725 Dmitriy Karpov (KAZ) 23–24 August 2004 Athens
17
8,709 Aleksandr Apaychev (URS) 2–3 June 1984 Neubrandenburg
18
8,706 Frank Busemann (GER) 31 July – 1 August 1996 Atlanta
19
8,698 Grigoriy Degtyaryev (URS) 21–22 June 1984 Kiev
20
8,695 Damian Warner (CAN) 28–29 August 2015 Beijing
21
8,694 Chris Huffins (USA) 19–20 June 1998 New Orleans
22
8,680 Torsten Voss (GDR) 3–4 September 1987 Rome
23
8,670 Michael Schrader (GER) 10–11 August 2013 Moscow
24
8,667 Guido Kratschmer (FRG) 13–14 June 1980 Filderstadt-Bernhausen
25
8,663 Rico Freimuth (GER) 24–25 June 2017 Ratingen [28]
Notes[edit]
Below is a list of other scores equal or superior to 8768 pts:
Ashton Eaton also scored 9039 pts (2012), 8893 (2016), 8809 pts (2013).
Roman Šebrle also scored 8893 pts (2004), 8807 (2003), 8800 pts (2002).
Tomáš Dvořák also scored 8902 pts (2001), 8900 pts (2000), 8837 pts (1997).
Dan O'Brien also scored 8824 pts (1996), 8812 pts (1991).
Bryan Clay also scored 8791 pts (2008).
Daley Thompson also scored 8774 (1982).
Kevin Mayer also scored 8768 (2017).
Women[edit]
Rank
Score
Athlete
Venue
Date
Ref
1
8,358 Austra Skujytė (LTU) Columbia 14–15 April 2005
2
8,150 Marie Collonvillé (FRA) Talence 25–26 September 2004
3
7,798 Irina Karpova (KAZ) Talence 25–26 September 2004
4
7,358 Julie Martin (FRA) Talence 25–26 September 2004
5
7,064 Breanna Eveland (USA) Columbia 13–14 April 2006
6
6,878 Jessica Taylor (GBR) Erith 12–13 September 2015 [29]
7
6,749 Barbora Špotáková (CZE) Talence 25–26 September 2004
8
6,709 Marie-Cécile Crancé (FRA) Talence 25–26 September 2004
9
6,641 Lindsay Grigoriev (USA) Columbia 14–15 April 2005
10
6,614 María Peinado (ESP) Castellón 22–23 October 2005
Olympic medalists[edit]
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze
1912 Stockholm
details Jim Thorpe (USA) Charles Lomberg (SWE) Gösta Holmér (SWE)
Hugo Wieslander (SWE)
1920 Antwerp
details Helge Løvland (NOR) Brutus Hamilton (USA) Bertil Ohlson (SWE)
1924 Paris
details Harold Osborn (USA) Emerson Norton (USA) Aleksander Klumberg (EST)
1928 Amsterdam
details Paavo Yrjölä (FIN) Akilles Järvinen (FIN) Ken Doherty (USA)
1932 Los Angeles
details James Bausch (USA) Akilles Järvinen (FIN) Wolrad Eberle (GER)
1936 Berlin
details Glenn Morris (USA) Bob Clark (USA) Jack Parker (USA)
1948 London
details Bob Mathias (USA) Ignace Heinrich (FRA) Floyd Simmons (USA)
1952 Helsinki
details Bob Mathias (USA) Milt Campbell (USA) Floyd Simmons (USA)
1956 Melbourne
details Milt Campbell (USA) Rafer Johnson (USA) Vasili Kuznetsov (URS)
1960 Rome
details Rafer Johnson (USA) Yang Chuan-kwang (ROC) Vasili Kuznetsov (URS)
1964 Tokyo
details Willi Holdorf (EUA) Rein Aun (URS) Hans-Joachim Walde (EUA)
1968 Mexico City
details Bill Toomey (USA) Hans-Joachim Walde (FRG) Kurt Bendlin (FRG)
1972 Munich
details Mykola Avilov (URS) Leonid Lytvynenko (URS) Ryszard Katus (POL)
1976 Montreal
details Bruce Jenner[a] (USA) Guido Kratschmer (FRG) Mykola Avilov (URS)
1980 Moscow
details Daley Thompson (GBR) Yuriy Kutsenko (URS) Sergei Zhelanov (URS)
1984 Los Angeles
details Daley Thompson (GBR) Jürgen Hingsen (FRG) Siegfried Wentz (FRG)
1988 Seoul
details Christian Schenk (GDR) Torsten Voss (GDR) Dave Steen (CAN)
1992 Barcelona
details Robert Změlík (TCH) Antonio Peñalver (ESP) Dave Johnson (USA)
1996 Atlanta
details Dan O'Brien (USA) Frank Busemann (GER) Tomáš Dvořák (CZE)
2000 Sydney
details Erki Nool (EST) Roman Šebrle (CZE) Chris Huffins (USA)
2004 Athens
details Roman Šebrle (CZE) Bryan Clay (USA) Dmitriy Karpov (KAZ)
2008 Beijing
details Bryan Clay (USA) Andrei Krauchanka (BLR) Leonel Suárez (CUB)
2012 London
details Ashton Eaton (USA) Trey Hardee (USA) Leonel Suárez (CUB)
2016 Rio De Janeiro
details Ashton Eaton (USA) Kevin Mayer (FRA) Damian Warner (CAN)
World Championships medalists[edit]
Championships
Gold
Silver
Bronze
1983 Helsinki
details Daley Thompson (GBR) Jürgen Hingsen (FRG) Siegfried Wentz (FRG)
1987 Rome
details Torsten Voss (GDR) Siegfried Wentz (FRG) Pavel Tarnavetskiy (URS)
1991 Tokyo
details Dan O'Brien (USA) Mike Smith (CAN) Christian Schenk (GER)
1993 Stuttgart
details Dan O'Brien (USA) Eduard Hämäläinen (BLR) Paul Meier (GER)
1995 Gothenburg
details Dan O'Brien (USA) Eduard Hämäläinen (BLR) Mike Smith (CAN)
1997 Athens
details Tomáš Dvořák (CZE) Eduard Hämäläinen (FIN) Frank Busemann (GER)
1999 Seville
details Tomáš Dvořák (CZE) Dean Macey (GBR) Chris Huffins (USA)
2001 Edmonton
details Tomáš Dvořák (CZE) Erki Nool (EST) Dean Macey (GBR)
2003 Saint-Denis
details Tom Pappas (USA) Roman Šebrle (CZE) Dmitriy Karpov (KAZ)
2005 Helsinki
details Bryan Clay (USA) Roman Šebrle (CZE) Attila Zsivoczky (HUN)
2007 Osaka
details Roman Šebrle (CZE) Maurice Smith (JAM) Dmitriy Karpov (KAZ)
2009 Berlin
details Trey Hardee (USA) Leonel Suárez (CUB) Aleksandr Pogorelov (RUS)
2011 Daegu
details Trey Hardee (USA) Ashton Eaton (USA) Leonel Suárez (CUB)
2013 Moscow
details Ashton Eaton (USA) Michael Schrader (GER) Damian Warner (CAN)
2015 Beijing
details Ashton Eaton (USA) Damian Warner (CAN) Rico Freimuth (GER)
2017 London
details Kévin Mayer (FRA) Rico Freimuth (GER) Kai Kazmirek (GER)
Season's bests[edit]
[citation needed]
Year
Score
Athlete
Place
1960 8,683 Rafer Johnson (USA) Eugene
1961 8,709 Philip Mulkey (USA) Memphis
1962 8,248 Chuan-Kwang Yang (ROC) Tulare
1963 8,089 Chuan-Kwang Yang (ROC) Walnut
1964 7,950 Manfred Bock (FRG) Liestal
1965 7,883 Mikhail Storozhenko (URS) Kiev
1966 8,234 Bill Toomey (USA) Salina
1967 8,319 Kurt Bendlin (FRG) Heidelberg
1968 8,222 A Bill Toomey (USA) Echo Summit
1969 8,417 Bill Toomey (USA) Los Angeles
1970 8,130 Rüdiger Demmig (GDR) Erfurt
1971 8,244 Kurt Bendlin (FRG) Bonn
1972 8,466 Mykola Avilov (URS) Munich
1973 8,163 Lennart Hedmark (SWE) Bonn
1974 8,229 Ryszard Skowronek (POL) Montreal
1975 8,429 Bruce Jenner[a] (USA) Eugene
1976 8,634 Bruce Jenner[a] (USA) Montreal
1977 8,400 Aleksandr Grebenyuk (URS) Riga
1978 8,493 Guido Kratschmer (FRG) Bernhausen
1979 8,476 Guido Kratschmer (FRG) Krefeld
1980 8,667 Guido Kratschmer (FRG) Bernhausen
1981 8,334 Rainer Pottel (GDR) Birmingham
1982 8,774 Daley Thompson (GBR) Athens
1983 8,825 Jürgen Hingsen (FRG) Bernhausen
1984 8,847 Daley Thompson (GBR) Los Angeles
1985 8,559 Torsten Voss (GDR) Dresden
1986 8,811 Daley Thompson (GBR) Stuttgart
1987 8,680 Torsten Voss (GDR) Rome
1988 8,512 Christian Plaziat (FRA) Talence
1989 8,549 Dave Johnson (USA) Houston
1990 8,574 Christian Plaziat (FRA) Split
1991 8,812 Dan O'Brien (USA) Tokyo
1992 8,891 Dan O'Brien (USA) Talence
1993 8,817 Dan O'Brien (USA) Stuttgart
1994 8,735 Eduard Hämäläinen (BLR) Götzis
1995 8,695 Dan O'Brien (USA) Gothenburg
1996 8,824 Dan O'Brien (USA) Atlanta
1997 8,837 Tomáš Dvořák (CZE) Athens
1998 8,755 Dan O'Brien (USA) Uniondale
1999 8,994 Tomáš Dvořák (CZE) Prague
2000 8,900 Tomáš Dvořák (CZE) Götzis
2001 9,026 Roman Šebrle (CZE) Götzis
2002 8,800 Roman Šebrle (CZE) Götzis
2003 8,807 Roman Šebrle (CZE) Götzis
2004 8,893 Roman Šebrle (CZE) Athens
2005 8,732 Bryan Clay (USA) Helsinki
2006 8,677 Bryan Clay (USA) Götzis
2007 8,697 Roman Šebrle (CZE) Kladno
2008 8,832 Bryan Clay (USA) Eugene
2009 8,790 Trey Hardee (USA) Berlin
2010 8,483 Bryan Clay (USA) Götzis
2011 8,729 Ashton Eaton (USA) Eugene
2012 9,039 Ashton Eaton (USA) Eugene
2013 8,809 Ashton Eaton (USA) Moscow
2014 8,616 Andrei Krauchanka (BLR) Zürich
2015 9,045 Ashton Eaton (USA) Beijing
2016 8,893 Ashton Eaton (USA) Rio de Janeiro
2017 8,768 Kevin Mayer (FRA) London
National records[edit]
Score
Nation
Athlete
Date
Location
Ref
9,045 United States Ashton Eaton 28–29 August 2015 Beijing [31]
9,026 Czech Republic Roman Šebrle 26–27 April 2001 Götzis
8,847 United Kingdom Daley Thompson 8–9 August 1984 Los Angeles
8,834 France Kevin Mayer 17–18 August 2016 Rio de Janeiro [32]
8,832 Germany Jürgen Hingsen 8–9 June 1984 Mannheim
8,815 Estonia Erki Nool 6–7 August 2001 Edmonton
8,735 Belarus Eduard Hämäläinen 28–29 May 1994 Götzis
8,730 Finland Eduard Hämäläinen 5–6 August 1997 Athens
8,725 Kazakhstan Dmitriy Karpov 23–24 August 2004 Athens
8,709 Ukraine Aleksandr Apaychev 2–3 June 1984 Neubrandenburg
8,698 Russia Grigoriy Degtyaryev 21–22 June 1984 Kiev
8,695 Canada Damian Warner 28–29 August 2015 Beijing [31]
8,654 Cuba Leonel Suárez 3–4 July 2009 Havana
8,644 Jamaica Maurice Smith 31 August – 1 September 2007 Osaka
8,573 Iceland Jón Arnar Magnússon 30–31 May 1998 Götzis
8,566 Poland Sebastian Chmara 16–17 May 1998 Murcia
8,554 Hungary Attila Zsivoczky 3–4 June 2000 Götzis
8,539 Grenada Lindon Victor 11–12 May 2017 Columbia [33]
8,539 Netherlands Eelco Sintnicolaas 27–28 May 2017 Götzis [34]
8,526 Spain Francisco Javier Benet 16–17 May 1998 Murcia
8,521 Algeria Larbi Bouraada 17–18 August 2016 Rio de Janeiro [35]
8,519 Belgium Hans Van Alphen 26–27 May 2012 Götzis [36]
8,490 Australia Jagan Hames 17–18 September 1998 Kuala Lumpur
8,445 Uzbekistan Ramil Ganiyev 5–6 August 1997 Athens
8,437 Lithuania Rišardas Malachovskis 1–2 July 1988 Staiki
8,406 Sweden Nicklas Wiberg 19–20 August 2009 Berlin
8,398 South Africa Willem Coertzen 30–31 May 2015 Götzis [37]
8,393 Brazil Carlos Chinin 7–8 June 2013 São Paulo [38]
8,359 New Zealand Simon Poelman 21–22 March 1987 Christchurch
8,334 Switzerland Stephan Niklaus 2–3 July 1983 Lausanne
8,320 Austria Gernot Kellermayr 29–30 May 1993 Götzis
8,312 Latvia Edgars Eriņš 26–27 May 2011 Valmiera
8,308 Japan Keisuke Ushiro 31 May – 1 June 2014 Nagano
8,291 Argentina Tito Steiner 22–23 June 1983 Provo
8,290 China Qi Haifeng 28–29 May 2005 Götzis
8,288 Moldova Valeri Kachanov 20–21 June 1980 Moscow
8,275 Serbia Mihail Dudaš 10–11 August 2013 Moscow
8,213 Portugal Mário Aníbal 30 June – 1 July 2001 Kaunas
8,206 Republic of China Yang Chuan-Kwang 27–28 April 1963 Walnut
8,199 Bulgaria Atanas Andonov 20–21 June 1981 Sofia
8,169 Italy Beniamino Poserina 5–6 October 1996 Formia
8,160 Norway Benjamin Jensen 31 July – 1 August 1999 Greve
8,069 Greece Prodromos Korkizoglou 1–2 July 2000 Ibach
8,065 Chile Gonzalo Barroilhet 19–20 April 2012 Charlottesville [39]
8,023 Tunisia Hamdi Dhouibi 9–10 August 2005 Helsinki
7,994 Denmark Lars Warming 18–19 June 1988 Götzis
7,882 Ireland Carlos O'Connell 4–5 June 1988 Emmitsburg
7,860 South Korea Kim Kun-Woo 27–28 August 2011 Gongju
7,846 Tajikistan Igor Sobolevskiy 15–16 July 1982 Leningrad
7,846 Montenegro Darko Pešić 27–28 May 2017 Götzis [40]
7,843 Romania Vasile Bogdan 6–7 June 1975 Paris
7,802 Cyprus Yeorgios Andreou 11–12 August 2000 Volos
7,800 Ghana Atsu Nyamadi 7–8 April 2016 Athens [41]
7,799 Slovakia Peter Soldos 9–10 June 2001 Arles
7,777 Barbados Victor Houston 5–6 August 1997 Athens
7,757 Turkey Alper Kasapoğlu 18–19 April 1996 Azusa
7,756 Georgia Juri Dyachkov 15–16 June 1968 Tbilisi
7,755 Vietnam Vu Van Huyen 24–25 November 2010 Guangzhou
7,734 Venezuela Douglas Fernández 26–27 August 1983 Caracas
7,732 Thailand Sutthisak Singkhon 6–7 July 2017 Bhubaneswar [42]
7,730 Qatar Ahmad Hassan Moussa 26–27 June 2004 Ratingen
7,729 Iran Hadi Sepehrzad 24–25 May 2012 Tehran
7,704 Puerto Rico Luiggy Llanos 5–6 August 2003 Santo Domingo
7,698 Slovenia Damjan Sitar 27–28 May 2006 Maribor
7,659 Croatia Joško Vlašić 24–25 June 1983 Izmir
7,658 India Bharatinder Singh 11–12 June 2011 Bangalore [43]
7,632 Saint Lucia Dominic Johnson 26–27 March 1998 Tucson
7,614 Mexico Alejandro Cárdenas 10–11 May 1996 Medellín
7,591 Mauritius Guillaume Thierry 13–14 September 2015 Brazzaville [44]
7,504 Dominican Republic Juan Carlos de la Cruz 20–21 June 2015 Ottawa [45]
7,433 Philippines Aries Toledo 22–23 August 2017 Bukit Jalil [46]
7,397 Fiji Albert Miller 23–24 May 1983 Cape Girardeau
7,315 Zimbabwe Keegan Cooke 15–16 April 2015 Azusa [47]
7,252 Nigeria Peter Moreno 27–28 May 2017 Bedford
7,179 Ecuador Andy Preciado 20–21 August 2016 Ambato [48]
7,157 Democratic Republic of the Congo Florent Lomba 12–13 June 2015 Kladno [49]
7,119 Kuwait Majed Radhi Mubarak Al-Sayed 8–9 March 2016 Kuwait City
7,096 Israel Erez Meltzer 30–31 July 1994 Markt Schwaben
7,095 Malaysia Muhammad Malik Tobias 7–8 June 2003 Filderstadt
7,045 Haiti Josue Louis 15–16 March 2017 Las Vegas [50]
7,013 Indonesia Julius Uwe 13–14 June 1993 Singapore
6,943 Paraguay Claudio Escauriza 11–12 October 1982 Asunción
6,884 Sri Lanka Ajith Kumara Karunathilaka 8–9 April 2017 Diyagama [51]
6,132 Afghanistan Said Gilani 11–12 June 2016 Oldenburg [52]
4,536 Turks and Caicos Islands Alvirto Smith 4–5 April 2009 St. Louis [53]
Junior (under-20) Decathlon bests[edit]
Event
Record
Score
Athlete
Nation
Date
Meet
Place
Age
Ref
100 m
Long jump
Shot put
(6 kg)
High jump
400 m
110 m hurdles
(0.99 m)
Discus throw
(1.750 kg)
Pole vault
Javelin throw 71.59 m 914 pts Niklas Kaul Germany 20 July 2016 World Junior Championships Bydgoszcz, Poland 7003673400000000000♠18 years, 160 days [54]
1500 m
World Junior record 8162 pts Niklas Kaul Germany 19–20 July 2016 World Junior Championships Bydgoszcz, Poland 7003673400000000000♠18 years, 160 days [54]
100m (wind)
Long jump (wind)
Shot put
High jump
400m
110H (wind)
Discus
Pole vault
Javelin
1500m
11.52 +0.8 6.79m -1.9 14.80m
(6 kg) 2.10m 49.69 14.72 +0.9
(0.99 m) 41.80m
(1.750 kg) 4.80m 71.59m 4:21.70
8435 pts Niklas Kaul Germany 22–23 July 2017 European U20 Championships Grosseto, Italy 7003710200000000000♠19 years, 162 days [55]
100m (wind)
Long jump (wind)
Shot put
High jump
400m
110H (wind)
Discus
Pole vault
Javelin
1500m
11.48 (-1.3 m/s) 7.20 m (+1.6 m/s) 15.37 m 2.05 m 48.42 14.55 (-0.2 m/s) 48.49 m 4.70 m 68.05 m 4:15.52
Other multiple event contests[edit]
Biathlon
Duathlon
Triathlon
Quadrathlon
Modern pentathlon
Heptathlon
Octathlon
Icosathlon or double decathlon
Omnium
Aquathlon
Chess-boxing
Nordic combined
CrossFit Games
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Jenner changed her name due to gender transition in 2015.[30]
References[edit]
"IAAF Scoring Tables for Combined Events" (PDF). IAAF. April 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 September 2008. Retrieved 9 May 2009.
Jump up ^ "Decathlon". Encarta. 2008. Archived from the original on 31 October 2009. Retrieved 6 August 2008.
Jump up ^ World's Greatest Athlete
Jump up ^ "2015 World Championships Decathlon Results". IAAF. 29 August 2015.
Jump up ^ Waldo E. Sweet, Erich Segal (1987). Sport and recreation in ancient Greece. Oxford University Press. (p37). Retrieved on 7 May 2011.
Jump up ^ "USA Outdoor Track & Field Champions: Men's All-Around". USA Track & Field. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
Jump up ^ Zarnowski, Frank (2005). All-around Men: Heroes of a Forgotten Sport. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-5423-9.
Jump up ^ "Athletics at the 1904 St. Louis Summer Games: Men's All-Around Championship". Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "Athletics at the 1912 Stockholm Summer Games: Men's Decathlon". Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
Jump up ^ IAAF Scoring Tables for Combined Events, p. 9.
Jump up ^ "Decathlon Records". IAAF. Retrieved 9 May 2009.
Jump up ^ IAAF Scoring Tables for Combined Events, p. 10.
Jump up ^ Stone, Ken. "Masters track athlete of the decade?". Masters-athlete.com. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
Jump up ^ http://masterstrack.com/2009/08/445/
^ Jump up to: a b IAAF Scoring Tables for Combined Events, p. 24.
Jump up ^ IAAF Scoring Tables of Athletics – Outdoor – 2008 Edition p. 154.
Jump up ^ "Decathlon Results". IAAF. 29 August 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2015.
Jump up ^ van Kuijen, Hans (12 September 2013). Eaton and Melnychenko lead Talence fields, Lavillenie to make Decathlon debut – IAAF Combined Events Challenge. IAAF. Retrieved on 12 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "Warner sets 100 m (10.15) Decathlon World Best in Gotzis". watchathletics.com/. 28 May 2016. Retrieved 28 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "100m Heat 6 Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 28 May 2016. Retrieved 28 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Ashton Eaton Breaks Decathlon 100 m and Long Jump World Records". www.oregonlive.com. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "2017 Sam Adams Combined Events Invitational – Men's High Jump Results". phototiming.com. 7 April 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Men's 400m Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. 14 August 2016. Retrieved 15 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Decathlon – 400 m Results". IAAF. 28 August 2015. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "110m Hurdles Results" (PDF). results.toronto2015.org. 23 July 2015. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
Jump up ^ Decathlon – men – senior – outdoor. IAAF. Retrieved on 25 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Decathlon – women – senior – outdoor. IAAF. Retrieved on 25 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Decathlon Final Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. 18 August 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Decathlon Results". IAAF. 25 June 2017. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Kent County Multi-Events Championships Complete Results" (PDF). kcaa.org.uk. 12 September 2015. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
Jump up ^ Leibovitz, Annie (June 1, 2015). "Introducing Caitlyn Jenner". Vanity Fair. Retrieved June 1, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Men's Decathlon Results". IAAF. 29 August 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Decathlon Final Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. 18 August 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
Jump up ^ Brian Perroni (13 May 2017). "A&M's Lindon Victor breaks his own decathlon record". tamu.247sports.com. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Diego Sampaolo (28 May 2017). "Thiam scores 7013 to break meeting record in Götzis". IAAF. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Decathlon Final Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. 18 August 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Hypo-Meeting 2012 Men's Results". IAAF. 27 May 2012. Retrieved 27 May 2012.
Jump up ^ Diego Sampaolo (31 May 2015). "Kazmirek and Theisen Eaton triumph in Gotzis". IAAF. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Carlos Chinin wins the decathlon and settles new South American record
Jump up ^ "Decathlon Results". www.flashresults.com. 20 April 2012. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
Jump up ^ "Hypo Meeting 2017 Results". IAAF. 28 May 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Decathlon Results" (PDF). grfx.cstv.com. 7 April 2016. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
Jump up ^ "2017 Asian Athletics Championships Results" (PDF). odisha2017.games. 9 July 2017. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Indian Sports News". www.indiansportsnews.com. 14 June 2011. Archived from the original on 21 August 2014. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "Men's Decathlon Results" (PDF). brazzaville2015.microplustiming.com. 14 September 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
Jump up ^ Javier Clavelo Robinson (21 June 2015). "Garcia successfully defends and Rodriguez regains title at NACAC Capital Cup". IAAF. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Alyssa Rola (23 August 2017). "Decathlete Aries Toledo secures PH’s 9th gold in 2017 SEA Games". rappler.com. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Decathlon Results". directathletics.com. 16 April 2015. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "El esmeraldeño Andy Preciado logró el récord absoluto en decatlón" (in Spanish). elcomercio.com. 23 August 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Decathlon Results" (PDF). desetiboj-kladno.cz. 13 June 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "USA 2017 Outdoor Decathlon Results" (PDF). decathlonusa.typepad.com. 18 March 2017. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Reemus Fernando (9 April 2017). "National records shattered as athletic season begins". The Island (Sri Lanka). Retrieved 9 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Said Gilani Competition Results". DLV. 11 June 2016. Retrieved 25 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "WU Invitational 2009 Complete Results". www.athletic.net. 5 April 2009. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Decathlon Results" (PDF). IAAF. 20 July 2016. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "Decathlon Results" (PDF). EA. 23 July 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Decathlon.
IAAF decathlon homepage
IAAF list of decathlon records in XML
Team Decathlon website
Decathlon splits of Olympic, World and European medalists
A downloadable Excel spreadsheet of multi-event scoring and age grading is available from the creator, Stefan Waltermann
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Logan's Run (film)
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Logan's Run
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Michael Anderson
Produced by
Saul David
Screenplay by
David Zelag Goodman
Based on
Logan's Run
by William F. Nolan
George Clayton Johnson
Starring
Michael York
Jenny Agutter
Richard Jordan
Roscoe Lee Browne
Farrah Fawcett
Peter Ustinov
Music by
Jerry Goldsmith
Cinematography
Ernest Laszlo
Edited by
Bob Wyman
Production
company
Metro–Goldwyn–Mayer
Distributed by
United Artists
Release date
June 23, 1976 (1976-06-23)
Running time
118 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$7 million[2]
Box office
$25 million[2]
Logan's Run is a 1976 American science fiction film, directed by Michael Anderson and starring Michael York, Jenny Agutter, Richard Jordan, Roscoe Lee Browne, Farrah Fawcett, and Peter Ustinov. The screenplay by David Zelag Goodman is based on the book Logan's Run by William F. Nolan and George Clayton Johnson. It depicts a utopian future society on the surface, revealed as a dystopia where the population and the consumption of resources are maintained in equilibrium by killing everyone who reaches the age of 30. The story follows the actions of Logan 5, a "Sandman" who has terminated others who have attempted to escape death, and is now faced with termination himself.
Produced by Metro–Goldwyn–Mayer, the film uses only the basic premise from the novel, that everyone must die at a set age and that Logan runs off with a female companion named Jessica, while being chased by another Sandman named Francis. After aborted attempts to adapt the novel, story changes were made including raising the age of "last day" from 21 to 30 and introducing the idea of "Carrousel" [sic] for eliminating 30-year-olds. Its filming was marked by special-effects challenges in depicting Carrousel and innovative use of holograms and wide-angle lenses.
The film won a Special Academy Award for its visual effects and six Saturn Awards, including Best Science Fiction Film. In 1977, a TV series aired, though only 14 episodes were produced.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Casting
3.3 Filming
3.4 Post-production
4 Themes
5 Reception
5.1 Box office
5.2 Critical response
5.3 Accolades
6 Legacy
7 References
7.1 Bibliography
8 External links
Plot[edit]
In the year 2274, the remnants of human civilization live in a sealed city contained beneath a cluster of geodesic domes, a utopia run by a computer that takes care of all aspects of their life, including reproduction. The citizens live a hedonistic life but in order to maintain the population levels everyone must undergo the ritual of "Carrousel" when they reach the age of 30. There, they are vaporized and ostensibly "renewed". To track this, each person is implanted at birth with a "life-clock" crystal in the palm of their hand that changes color as they get older and begins blinking as they approach their "Last Day". Most residents accept this promise of rebirth, but those who do not and attempt to flee the city are known as "Runners". An elite team of policemen known as "Sandmen", outfitted in predominantly black uniforms and serving in an agency of the city called "Deep Sleep", are assigned to pursue and terminate Runners as they try to escape.
Logan 5 and Francis 7 are both Sandmen. After terminating a Runner, to whose presence they were alerted during a Carrousel ritual, Logan finds an ankh among his possessions. Later that evening, he meets Jessica 6, a young woman also wearing an ankh pendant. Logan takes the ankh to the computer, which tells him that it is a symbol for a secret group whose members help the Runners find "Sanctuary", a mythical place where they will be safe to live out the rest of their lives; it points out that the Sandmen have lost one thousand and fifty-six Runners that way. The computer instructs Logan to find Sanctuary and destroy it, a mission he has to keep secret from the other Sandmen of Deep Sleep, which it code-names "Procedure 033-03". It then, by a procedure it calls "retrogram", changes the color of his life-clock to flashing red, making him suddenly four years closer to Carrousel. In order to escape Carrousel, Logan is now forced to become a Runner. Logan meets Jessica and explains his situation. They meet with the underground group that leads them to the periphery of the city. Logan finds that the ankh symbol is actually a key that unlocks an exit from the city. They come out into a frozen cave, with Francis following closely behind. In the cave, they meet Box, a robot designed to capture food for the city from the outside. Logan discovers to his horror that Box also captures escaped Runners and freezes them. Before Box can freeze Logan and Jessica, they escape, causing the cave to collapse on the robot.
Once outside, Logan and Jessica notice that their life-clocks are no longer operational. They discover that the remains of human civilization have become a wilderness. They explore an old, seemingly abandoned city, which was once Washington, D.C. In the ruins of the United States Senate chamber, they discover an elderly man. His appearance is a shock to them, since neither has seen anyone over the age of 30. The old man explains what he remembers of what happened to humanity outside the city, and Logan realizes that Sanctuary is a myth and had been all along. However, Francis has followed them and he and Logan fight. Logan fatally wounds Francis and as he dies, he sees that Logan's life-clock is now clear and assumes that Logan has renewed. Logan and Jessica persuade the old man to return to the city with them as proof that life exists outside the domed city. Leaving the man outside, the two enter and try to convince everyone that Carrousel is a lie and unnecessary. The two are captured by other Sandmen and taken to the computer. The computer interrogates Logan about Assignment 033-03 and asks if he completed his mission, but Logan insists, "There is no Sanctuary." What he had found was "old ruins, exposed", "an old man", and that the missing Runners were "all frozen". These answers are not accepted by the computer, even after scanning Logan's mind, and the computer overloads, causing the city's systems to fail violently and release the exterior seals. Logan, Jessica, and the other citizens flee the ruined city. Once outside, the citizens see the old man, the first human they have met who is older than 30, proving that they can, indeed, live their lives much longer.
Cast[edit]
Michael York as Logan 5
Richard Jordan as Francis 7
Jenny Agutter as Jessica 6
Roscoe Lee Browne as Box
Farrah Fawcett-Majors as Holly 13
Michael Anderson Jr. as Doc
Peter Ustinov as "the Old Man"
Randolph Roberts as "the 2nd Sanctuary Man"
Ashley Cox as "the timid girl"
Lara Lindsay as "the woman runner" and voice of the City computer (uncredited)[3]
Gary Morgan as Billy
Michelle Stacy as Mary 2
Laura Hippe as "the Woman Customer"
David Westberg as "the Sandman"
Camilla Carr as "the Sanctuary Woman"
Gregg Lewis as "a Cub"
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
Producer George Pal's attempts to start the film led to development hell.
MGM's early attempts to adapt the book led to development hell.[4] Producer George Pal's attempt was troubled in 1969 by competing views of what the film's story should be, including the possibility of incorporating symbolism of real life issues, in comparison to screenwriter Richard Maibaum's vision.[5] Rewriting Maibaum's screenplay would have taken between two and three months, and the budget would have had to have been reassessed. Pal became concerned the delays would cause the film to miss the wave of success science fiction was enjoying with 2001: A Space Odyssey and Planet of the Apes in 1968.[5]
American International Pictures offered to buy Pal's projects, including Logan's Run, for $200,000, but MGM declined, only willing to accept a minimum of $350,000.[4] Pal left the project to produce Doc Savage: The Man of Bronze (1975) for Warner Bros. Saul David assumed responsibility in 1974, with Soylent Green author Stanley R. Greenberg assigned to write. Greenberg devised the idea of Carrousel but afterwards dropped off the project.[4] David Zelag Goodman wrote a nearly completely new screenplay, raising the age of death from 21 to 30 to allow for more actors to be considered for casting.[4]
Casting[edit]
Michael York and Jenny Agutter in character in Dallas.
York, Agutter, and William Devane were cast in the lead roles, with Devane announced to play an "elite" Sandman in May 1975.[6] Devane withdrew from the project and replaced Roy Thinnes in Alfred Hitchcock's 1976 film Family Plot.[7]
Richard Jordan stepped in for Devane and was best known for his performances in Lawman (1971), Chato's Land (1972), Rooster Cogburn (1975) and the 1976 TV mini-series Captains and the Kings. York had previously appeared in Cabaret (1972), The Three Musketeers (1973) and Murder on the Orient Express (1974), while Agutter was best known for The Railway Children (1970) and Walkabout (1971).[8] York and Agutter were 33 and 23 respectively, casting made justifiable by Goodman raising the age of death to 30.[4]
In September 1975, it was announced Peter Ustinov would play "the last man alive in Washington, D.C." in the film.[9] Farrah Fawcett has a small role, but her rising celebrity in television earned her prominent credit as Farrah Fawcett-Majors.[10]
Filming[edit]
Special effects artists L. B. Abbott and Glen Robinson regarded Carrousel as the most difficult part of the film to portray, requiring hidden wires to depict the levitation.[11] For the scene where Logan is interrogated by the Deep Sleep central computer, it was decided genuine holograms would be most convincing, with Saul David advocating a new hologram effect be created.[11] The robot character Box was portrayed by placing actor Roscoe Lee Browne in a robot costume.[12]
The filmmakers also made use of wide-angle lenses not generally available.[11] It became the first film to use Dolby Stereo on 70 mm prints.[13] Nine entire sound stages were used at MGM in Culver City, California, hosting a miniature city among the largest of its kind built to date.[14] Producers saved $3 million by finding readily available locations in numerous Dallas buildings, the Fort Worth Water Gardens, and the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Houston.[11] The Sewage Disposal Plant in El Segundo, California was used for the underground escape sequences.[15]
Post-production[edit]
Post-production took eight months, including completion of the score.[16] The score was composed and conducted by Jerry Goldsmith, with orchestrations by Arthur Morton. The score "adheres to two distinct sound palettes: strings, keyboards and abstract electronics only for cues inside the City and full orchestra for outside."[17] The first release of portions of the score was on MGM Records on LP, in 1976.[18] The complete expanded and newly remixed score was issued on CD in January, 2002 by Film Score Monthly.[18]
The film was previewed for test audiences prior to its release. A few sequences were edited or shortened as a result. These included a longer sequence in the ice cave, where Box asked Logan and Jessica to pose for his ice sculpture. This was cut due to extensive nudity so that the film could receive a PG rating and for length.[19] Other scenes were removed, including a sequence where Francis hunts down a runner by himself at the beginning of the film. Other sequences were trimmed. Some of these scenes are featured as extras in the 1998 DVD release. Other scenes survive in the shooting script, but the footage appears lost.[8] At the end of the process, the budget had escalated from the projected $3 million to $9 million, an expensive film for 1976.[16] It was noted for being the most expensive MGM film made in 10 years, with most of the budget going to the sets.[20]
Themes[edit]
Logan's Run explores utopian and dystopian themes, with the idea that characters willingly die instead of reaching advanced ages, reflecting the idea that "Utopias require its participants to give something up in order to create harmony and uniformity".[21] Common dystopian themes include an evil ruling authority, the confiscation of children from parents,[22] life in a city, and the idea of human overpopulation, in this case causing the protagonists to leave the urban environment.[23]
Prominent concepts in the film are "the dangers of hedonism, youth worship, and, particularly, the dangers of government-sponsored euthanasia".[24] The hedonism is primarily conveyed in the form of sensuality and "images of sexual abandon".[25] Aside from sexual freedom, the pursuit of pleasure is also reflected in how this was envisioned in the 1970s, including miniskirts, little career, relaxed gyms, and Farrah Fawcett's "shag" haircut.[26] Author Barna William Donovan argues this serves to criticize many social developments underway in the 1970s, targeting the "Me generation".[27] Writer Robert Tinnell hypothesizes the design of the city, reminiscent of a shopping mall, is also suggestive of "anticonsumerist sentiment".[24] The film may ultimately serve as a warning against overthrowing older generations, aimed at young viewers following the counterculture movements in the 1960s.[25] Another interpretation is that individualism, the "freedom to live and be," is curbed by "social mechanisms" telling citizens to have a good life for only a limited time.[28] Logan, originally part of an "artificial society" centred on "pleasure and spectacle," becomes "re-individualised" and defies a "conformist system".[29] Despite the reflections of the 1970s, Donovan argues the film may also have relevance to the Internet age, with elements evocative of online dating.[27]
Roscoe Lee Browne played Box and has been the subject of discussion on race in Logan's Run.
Writers have also examined the film's statements on gender and race. Logan casually asking Jessica whether she is a lesbian when she is initially uninterested in him indicates homosexuality is no longer taboo, a possible side effect of sex no longer being related to child bearing.[30] Ultimately, author Bonnie Noonan believes the idea of returning to the concept of "beloved wife" is a sign that in the story, women's liberation, and not technology, is at the root of the dystopia.[31] The character of Box, being voiced by black American actor Roscoe Lee Browne, could serve as a precursor to Darth Vader, voiced by black American actor James Earl Jones in Star Wars (1977), in "racializing cyberphobic primers available to Generation X".[12]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
In its first five days in theatres in 1976, Logan's Run grossed $2.5 million, a substantial sum.[32] The film finished its run with a gross of $25 million in North America, and a solid performance in other territories.[16]
The film is credited with helping MGM recover from debt,[16] and was a hit with young audiences in particular.[32]
Critical response[edit]
The film received a generally mixed response.[16][19] Roger Ebert gave the film a three-star rating, calling the film a "vast, silly extravaganza", with a plot that's a "cross between Arthur C. Clarke's The City and the Stars and elements of Planet of the Apes" and "that delivers a certain amount of fun".[33] Variety staff called the film "rewarding" in its escapism and intelligence.[34]
The New York Times was less positive:[19]
Just why and for what particular purpose Logan makes his run is anything but clear after you've sat through nearly two hours of this stuff. Logan's Run is less interested in logic than in gadgets and spectacle, but these are sometimes jazzily effective and even poetic. Had more attention been paid to the screenplay, the movie might have been a stunner.[35]
New York was also negative, writing the film was "yet another of those tiresome world-after-the-holocaust bits," and "hardly a hop for your money". However, the review complimented York and Agutter as "gifted".[36]
In 2000, Ian Nathan wrote in Empire that the film "can’t escape its '70s origins", but contains "warnings about decadence, ageism, and allowing technology and science to run riot, done to a disco groove".[37] In his 2015 Movie Guide, Leonard Maltin gave the film two stars, finding the first half "dazzling" and the second "dreary".[38] In 2015, Rolling Stone named it 27th among the 50 Best Sci-Fi Movies of the 1970s.[39] The film has a 68% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 28 reviews.[40]
Accolades[edit]
At the Academy Awards, the film won a Special Academy Award for visual effects, tied with the 1976 remake of King Kong, indicating Logan's Run made its mark in visual and special effects that few previous science fiction films had the money for.[41] Logan's Run was very popular at the Saturn Awards, winning the six awards, including Best Science Fiction Film.[42] The film was also in competition for the Golden Prize at the 10th Moscow International Film Festival.[43]
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipients
Result
Ref(s)
Academy Awards March 28, 1977 Best Art Direction Dale Hennesy and Robert De Vestel Nominated [44]
Best Cinematography Ernest Laszlo Nominated
Special Achievement L. B. Abbott, Glen Robinson and Matthew Yuricich Won
Hugo Awards September 2-5, 1977 Best Dramatic Presentation Michael Anderson Nominated [45]
Nebula Awards April 30, 1977 Best Script David Zelag Goodman Nominated [46]
Saturn Award January 15, 1977 Best Science Fiction Film Logan's Run Won [42][47]
Best Cinematography Ernest Laszlo Won
Best Art Direction Dale Hennesy Won
Best Set Decoration Robert De Vestel Won
Best Costumes Bill Thomas Won
Best Make-up William J. Tuttle Won
Legacy[edit]
Main article: Logan's Run (TV series)
Intrigued by the film's success with young viewers, CBS and MGM Television paid Nolan $9 million to base a television series on the film starring Gregory Harrison and Heather Menzies, but after debuting in 1977, the series was cancelled before the end of the season.[48] MGM also expressed interest in adapting Nolan's sequel novel Logan's World, but Saul David had opted to focus on the television series instead.[49] In the mid-1990s, Warner Bros. began development of a remake.[50] In 2000, ideas for a film remake centred on a more faithful adaptation of the novel, restoring Crazy Horse Mountain and the sky gypsies.[50]
Marvel Comics published a short-lived comic book series in 1977, with George Pérez drawing five issues between January and May 1977, with "acceptable" sales.[51] The comics adapted the film's story in five issues and briefly continued beyond. In his art, Pérez sought to follow the art direction of the film.[52] The book was cancelled after issue #7 in July 1977.[53]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "LOGAN'S RUN (A)". British Board of Film Classification. July 13, 1976. Retrieved July 9, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Logan's Run, Box Office Information". The Numbers. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Anderson, Michael (2009). Logan's Run commentary (Blu-ray). Turner Entertainment Company.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Chapman & Cull 2013, p. 154.
^ Jump up to: a b Chapman & Cull 2013, p. 153.
Jump up ^ Anderson, George (May 12, 1975). "Talk of the Triangle in Entertainment". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. p. 12. .
Jump up ^ Mell 2005, p. 83.
^ Jump up to: a b Bond, Jeff; Kendell, Lukes (2002). "sleeve notes for Logan's Run CD release". Film Score Monthly. p. 29.
Jump up ^ "Ustinov Survives". The Beaver County Times. 6 September 1975. p. A12.
Jump up ^ Fischer 2000, p. 48.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Duchovnay 2012, p. 57.
^ Jump up to: a b Kevorkian 2006, p. 124.
Jump up ^ "George Clayton Johnson, writer - obituary". The Daily Telegraph. 28 December 2015. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Brock 2014, p. 104-105.
Jump up ^ Chapman & Cull 2013, p. 156.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Brock 2014, p. 105.
Jump up ^ Bond, Jeff; Lukas Kendall (2002). Jerry Goldsmith. "Logan's Run". Film Score Monthly (CD insert notes). Culver City, California, U.S.A. 5 (2): 5.
^ Jump up to: a b "Logan's Run (1976 Feature Film)". Film Score Monthly. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c Chapman & Cull 2013, p. 157.
Jump up ^ Meade, James (12 June 1976). "Movie Producers Love Science-Fiction Again". Odessa American.
Jump up ^ Hinant, Cindy (2012). "Grids Next Door". Gnome. 1 Winter (1): 48–53. Utopias require its participants to give something up in order to create harmony and uniformity ... in Logan’s Run they gave up old age...
Jump up ^ Erbland, Kate (August 15, 2014). "The Complete List: Everything You Will Find in a Dystopian Movie". Vanity Fair. Conde Nast. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Muhlbauer 2006, p. 165.
^ Jump up to: a b Tinnell 2005, p. 220.
^ Jump up to: a b Tinnell 2005, p. 221.
Jump up ^ Noonan 2011, p. 92.
^ Jump up to: a b Donovan 2015, p. 113.
Jump up ^ Villaverde & Carter 2013, p. 126.
Jump up ^ Brereton 2005, p. 171.
Jump up ^ Noonan 2011, p. 114.
Jump up ^ Noonan 2011, p. 116.
^ Jump up to: a b Duchovnay 2012, p. 58.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (25 June 1976). "Logan's Run". Rogerebert.com. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Staff (31 December 1975). "Review: 'Logan's Run'". Variety. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Logan's Run, a Science-Fiction Fantasy". The New York Times. 24 June 1976. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Logan's Run". New York. 5 July 1976. p. 75.
Jump up ^ Nathan, Ian (1 January 2000). "Logan's Run Review". Empire. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Maltin 2014.
Jump up ^ EH (14 January 2015). "50 Best Sci-Fi Movies of the 1970s". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Logan's Run (1976)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Duchovnay 2012, p. 55.
^ Jump up to: a b "FILM AWARDS Best Science Fiction Film Releases". Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "10th Moscow International Film Festival (1977)". MIFF. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013. Retrieved January 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ "The 49th Academy Awards 1977". oscars.org. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "1977 Hugo Awards". The Hugo Awards. Archived from the original on May 7, 2011. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Locus Index to SF Awards: 1977 Nebula Awards". Locus. Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved 2011-12-06.
Jump up ^ "Past Saturn Awards". saturnawards.org. Archived from the original on 1 June 2007. Retrieved 8 June 2007.
Jump up ^ Duchovnay 2012, p. 58-59.
Jump up ^ Booker 2014, p. 106.
^ Jump up to: a b McCarty, Michael (August 2000). "Logan's Run creator William F. Nolan invites readers into his dark universe". Sci Fi Channel. Archived from the original on October 22, 2006. Retrieved April 15, 2007.
Jump up ^ Booker 2014, p. 718.
Jump up ^ Lawrence 2006, p. 38.
Jump up ^ Overstreet 2010, p. 169.
Bibliography[edit]
Booker, M. Keith, ed. (2014). Comics through Time: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 0313397511.
Brereton, Pat (2005). Hollywood Utopia: Ecology in Contemporary American Cinema. Portland, Oregon: Intellect Books. ISBN 1841501174.
Brock, Jason V. (2014). Disorders of Magnitude: A Survey of Dark Fantasy. Lanham, Boulder and New York: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 144223525X.
Chapman, James; Cull, Nicholas J. (2013). Projecting Tomorrow: Science Fiction and Popular Cinema. London and New York: I.B. Tauris and Co. ISBN 1780764103.
Donovan, Barna William (2011). Conspiracy Films: A Tour of Dark Places in the American Conscious. McFarland & Company Publishers. ISBN 0786486155.
Duchovnay, Gerald (2012). "Finding Sanctuary". Science Fiction Film, Television, and Adaptation: Across the Screens. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 1136650091.
Fischer, Dennis (2000). Science Fiction Film Directors, 1895-1998. 1. Jefferson, North Carolina and London: McFarland & Company Publishers. ISBN 0786460911.
Kevorkian, Martin (2006). Color Monitors: The Black Face of Technology in America. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0801472784.
Lawrence, Christopher (2006). George Perez Storyteller. Dynamic Forces. ISBN 1933305150.
Maltin, Leonard (2014). Leonard Maltin's 2015 Movie Guide. Penguin Group.
Mell, Eila (2005). Casting Might-Have-Beens: A Film by Film Directory of Actors Considered for Roles Given to Others. Jefferson, North Carolina and London: McFarland & Company Publishers. ISBN 1476609764.
Muhlbauer, Peter Josef (February 8, 2006). "Chapter 8: Frontiers and dystopias: libertarian ideology in science fiction". In Plehwe, Dieter; Walpen, Bernhard; Neunhoffer, Gisela. Neoliberal Hegemony: A Global Critique. Routledge. p. 165. ISBN 978-0415460033.
Noonan, Bonnie (2015). Gender in Science Fiction Films, 1964-1979: A Critical Study. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company Publishers. ISBN 0786459743.
Overstreet, Robert M. (2010). The Official Overstreet Comic Book Companion (11th ed.). Random House Incorporated. ISBN 0375723080.
Tinnell, Robert (2005). "Logan's Run to Relevance". Science Fiction America: Essays on SF Cinema. Jefferson, North Carolina and London: McFarland & Company Publishers. ISBN 078646612X.
Villaverde, Leila E.; Carter, Roymieco A. (2013). "Singularity, Cyborgs, Drones, Replicants and Avatars". Science Fiction and Speculative Fiction: Challenging Genres. Rotterdam, Boston and Taipei: Sense Publishers. ISBN 9462093806.
External links[edit]
Logan's Run on IMDb
Logan's Run at the TCM Movie Database
Logan's Run at AllMovie
Logan's Run at the American Film Institute Catalog
Logan's Run at Rotten Tomatoes
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Michael Anderson
Feature films
Private Angelo (1949)
Waterfront (1950)
Hell Is Sold Out (1951)
Night Was Our Friend (1951)
Will Any Gentleman...? (1953)
The House of the Arrow (1953)
The Dam Busters (1955)
1984 (1956)
Around the World in 80 Days (1956)
Yangtse Incident: The Story of H.M.S. Amethyst (1957)
Chase a Crooked Shadow (1958)
Shake Hands with the Devil (1959)
The Wreck of the Mary Deare (1959)
All the Fine Young Cannibals (1960)
The Naked Edge (1961)
Flight from Ashiya (1964)
Wild and Wonderful (1964)
Operation Crossbow (1965)
The Quiller Memorandum (1966)
The Shoes of the Fisherman (1968)
Pope Joan (1972)
Doc Savage: The Man of Bronze (1975)
Conduct Unbecoming (1975)
Logan's Run (1976)
Orca (1977)
Dominique (1979)
Murder by Phone (1982)
Second Time Lucky (1984)
Separate Vacations (1986)
The Jeweler's Shop (1989)
Millennium (1989)
Summer of the Monkeys (1998)
Television
The Martian Chronicles (1980)
Sword of Gideon (1986)
Young Catherine (1991)
The Sea Wolf (1993)
Rugged Gold (1994)
Captains Courageous (1996)
20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1997)
[show]
v
t
e
Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film
Slaughterhouse-Five (1972)
Soylent Green (1973)
Rollerball (1974/1975)
Logan's Run (1976)
Star Wars (1977)
Superman (1978)
Alien (1979)
The Empire Strikes Back (1980)
Superman II (1981)
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982)
Return of the Jedi (1983)
The Terminator (1984)
Back to the Future (1985)
Aliens (1986)
RoboCop (1987)
Alien Nation (1988)
Total Recall (1989/1990)
Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)
Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country (1992)
Jurassic Park (1993)
Stargate (1994)
12 Monkeys (1995)
Independence Day (1996)
Men in Black (1997)
Armageddon/Dark City (1998)
The Matrix (1999)
X-Men (2000)
A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001)
Minority Report (2002)
X2: X-Men United (2003)
Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004)
Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (2005)
Children of Men (2006)
Cloverfield (2007)
Iron Man (2008)
Avatar (2009)
Inception (2010)
Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011)
The Avengers (2012)
Gravity (2013)
Interstellar (2014)
Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015)
Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (2016)
[show]
v
t
e
Sandman myth
Seminal works
The Sandman (1816)
"Ole Lukøje" (1841)
Film
The Daydreamer (1966)
The Sandman (1991)
Sleepstalker (1995)
The Sandman (2000)
The Sandman (2011)
Songs
"The Japanese Sandman" (1920)
"Mr. Sandman" (1954)
"Enter Sandman" (1991)
Comics
Characters
Dream (DC Comics)
Sandman (Marvel Comics)
Sandman (Wesley Dodds)
Sandy the Golden Boy
Series
The Sandman (Vertigo)
characters
Sandman Mystery Theatre
Sandman Midnight Theatre
"The Sandman Saga"
Literature
The Sandman (2008)
Television
Sandmännchen (1959 German)
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Logan's Run (1967)
film adaptation
TV adaptation
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WorldCat Identities
LCCN: no2006109468
VIAF: 181311740
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Logan%27s_Run_(film)&oldid=834323681"
Categories:
1976 films
English-language films
American films
1970s action films
1970s science fiction films
American science fiction action films
Ageism in fiction
Dystopian films
Films scored by Jerry Goldsmith
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Films set in the 23rd century
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Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
Overpopulation fiction
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Films that won the Best Visual Effects Academy Award
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