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Forged in Fire (TV series)
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Forged in Fire
Genre
Reality
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
5
No. of episodes
69
Production
Running time
42 minutes
Production company(s)
Outpost Entertainment
Release
Original network
History
Original release
June 22, 2015 (2015-06-22) – present
Forged in Fire is an American competition series that airs on the History channel, and is produced by Outpost Entertainment, a Leftfield Entertainment company. In each episode, four bladesmiths compete in a three-round elimination contest to forge bladed weapons, with the overall winner receiving $10,000 and the day's championship title. The series is hosted by Wil Willis, with a three-judge panel consisting of J. Neilson (Jason Knight during portions of season 3 and 4; Ben Abbott during portions of season 4), David Baker, and Doug Marcaida, experts in weapon history and use. History ordered an initial eight episodes of the series [1] with the first program premiering on Monday, June 22, 2015, at 10pm ET.[2][3] Season two premiered on February 16, 2016.[4] The third season premiered with a "champion of champions" match on August 23, 2016, and was announced as having 16 episodes.[5] The fourth season premiered on April 11, 2017, with a "Judges' Pick" episode in which the four judges (Neilson, Knight, Baker, Marcaida) each selected one smith from past seasons to compete again. The fifth season premiered on March 7, 2018.
On April 17, 2018, a spin-off series titled Forged in Fire: Knife or Death premiered on History. This series is hosted by Bill Goldberg and co-hosted by Tu Lam, a martial arts expert and retired member of the Green Berets.
Contents
[hide]
1 Format
1.1 Special episodes
2 Cast, judges, and producers
3 Episodes
3.1 Season 1 (2015)
3.2 Season 2 (2016)
3.3 Season 3 (2016–17)
3.4 Season 4 (2017–18)
3.5 Season 5 (2018–present)
4 Trivia
5 Notes
6 References
7 External links
Format[edit]
The series is filmed in Brooklyn, New York.[1][2][3][6] The set, referred to as "The Forge," is stocked with a wide range of metalworking equipment, including propane forges, coal forges, grinders, power hammers and hydraulic presses. Medical personnel are present to treat any injuries or other health problems and may, at their discretion, disqualify smiths who are unable to continue safely. At the end of each round, the smith whose weapon is judged to be the least satisfactory must surrender it and leave the competition.
In the first round, the four smiths are presented with a starting material that they must use to forge a blade. In some episodes, they all begin with the same material; in others, they may choose from an assortment of metal objects or must salvage their material from a source such as a junked car or lawnmower. Willis states one set of criteria concerning blade or blade/tang length, and often a second set for a feature that must be incorporated, such as serrations or a fuller groove; not all competitions require a special feature. The smiths are typically given 10 minutes to sketch out their designs, but this time is occasionally extended or omitted altogether. Following the design period, they are given a set length of time to forge their blades. Once time expires, the judges evaluate the blades based on Willis' criteria and inspect their workmanship, quality, and design, then deliberate privately before announcing their decision. Any smiths who fail to meet the criteria, or who fail to turn in a blade at all, are subject to immediate elimination.
For the second round, the three remaining smiths are given an additional length of time to turn their blades into fully operational weapons. They must attach a handle, choosing from a range of provided materials and incorporating any special feature stated by Willis, and grind, sharpen, and polish the blades. They may also address any flaws or issues pointed out by the judges in the first round, if they choose to do so. After the time expires, the judges put each weapon through a series of tests to gauge properties such as sharpness, durability, and ease of use. For these tests, the weapons are used to chop/slash/stab objects that include ropes, ice blocks, animal carcasses, and steel car doors. If a weapon suffers catastrophic failure, defined as damage that renders it unsafe or ineffective for further testing, its maker is immediately disqualified. The judges may, at their discretion, choose not to subject a weapon to a particular test if it is sufficiently cracked or flawed.
The working time in each of the first two rounds is typically three hours, but may be extended to four hours if an added feature poses a sufficient challenge, such as being required to forge a billet with modern damascus steel methods and use it for the blade.
In the third round, the two remaining smiths are shown a historically significant (and technically difficult) weapon and are given five days to create a version of it. They return to their home forges to do the work and comply with any specifications set by Willis. Afterwards, they return to the Forge and submit their weapons for testing against objects and environments similar to the historical scenarios in which they were typically used. Based on the test results, the judges select one smith to receive the $10,000 prize.
Special episodes[edit]
The "Master & Apprentice" episode in Season 4 featured four master/apprentice pairs of smiths. Only one member of each pair was allowed to work at any time, trading off every 30 minutes in the first two rounds, and every day in the third. The non-working member was allowed to offer advice. For this episode, the forging time in the first round was extended to three and a half hours.
The "Ultimate Champions Edition" (season 4) and "Rookies Edition" (season 5) each featured five smiths instead of four. The smiths were required to forge a particular type of blade at their homes and bring those weapons to the studio for a preliminary test. One smith was eliminated based on the results of this test, after which the competition proceeded through the normal three rounds.
Cast, judges, and producers[edit]
Willis is a former Army Ranger and decorated Air Force para-rescue specialist.[1][3][6] Willis' previous television experience includes Special Ops Mission and Triggers, two series that aired on the former Military Channel.[2]
J. Neilson, a knife and sword expert,[1] holds the rank of Master Smith within the American Bladesmith Society. He has over 20 years' experience in making knives and edged weapons.[2][6] He examines the weapons' technical qualities and tests their durability.[3] In Season 3, Neilson took a leave of absence in order to have surgery on his hand; Jason Knight, another ABS Master Smith, filled his seat on the judges' panel during that time. Neilson appeared alongside Knight for the Season 4 premiere, then resumed his seat in the eighth episode. Starting with the 21st episode of the fourth season, he was replaced by two-time Forged in Fire champion Ben Abbott.
David Baker, a Hollywood prop maker who has appeared on the Spike series Deadliest Warrior,[3] is an authority on weapons history[1] and an expert on replicating period-accurate weapons for both museums and films.[2][6] He judges the weapons' historical accuracy and aesthetic beauty.[3]
Doug Marcaida, an edged-weapons specialist, is a U.S. military contractor, martial arts instructor and knife designer for FOX Knives Italy. Specializing in the Southeast Asian fighting style of Kali, he has taught classes in weapon awareness and use for military, law enforcement, and security organizations. Marcaida evaluates the smiths' weapons to determine their effectiveness in combat.[3] When he cannot test the smiths' weapons himself due to injury, he has a co-worker or family member perform this task in his place.
Tim Healy and Steve Ascher are executive producers for History.[1][6] Jodi Flynn, Brent Montgomery, David George, Shawn Witt and Simon Thomas are executive producers for Outpost Entertainment.[1][6] Healy observed the demonstration, and later the filming, from the sidelines. Healy says that the inspiration for Forged in Fire came from his and other developers' love of food competition shows such as Chopped and Iron Chef.[3] However, in order to appeal to the History channel's audience, they decided to have the competition focus on historical weaponry.[3]
Episodes[edit]
Season 1 (2015)[edit]
Episode
Title
Results
1st Place
2nd Place
3rd Place
4th Place
1 "Japanese Katana" Matthew Parkinson Rich Greenwood Billy Helton Joe Waites
2 "Chakram" Chris Farrell Trenton Tye Grant Marcoux Chad Harding
3 "Viking Battle Axe" Ryu Lim Jonathan Porter Phil Evans James Huse
4 "Katar" David Goldberg Jaime L. Vining Jimmy Seymour Arnon Andrey Kartmazov
5 "Crusader Sword" Peter Swarz-Burt David Roeder Matt Venier Gabriel Bell
6 "The Elizabethan Rapier" Guy Harris Peter Martin Peter Szymanski JD Smith
7 "The Roman Gladius" Jamie Lundell Mareko Maumasi Maxon McCarter Adam Ison
8 "The Moro Kris" Mace Vitale Murray Carter Ray Kirk Jason Morrissey
Season 2 (2016)[edit]
Episode
Title
Results
1st Place
2nd Place
3rd Place
4th Place
1 "The War Hammer" Craig Camerer Jeff Bridgers Kim Stahl Harry Harkins
2 "Khopesh" Salem Straub Craig Trnka Chris Marks Zack Jonas
3 "The Scottish Claymore" Scott Thomas Jonathan Wick Erin Simmons Earl Blackmore
4 "Spiked Shield" Ilya Alekseyev Michael Coffey Tim Hintsala John Gruber
5 "Viking Sword" Travis Wuertz Morgan Medlen Tom Ward Mardi Meshejian
6 "Nepalese Kukri" Jason Reddick Josh Weston Kelly Potter Jason Ritchie
7 "The Shotel" Burt Foster Chad Osborne Kevin Klein Erin Aylor
8 "The Cutlass" Tobin Nieto Ron Mezile Bob Brandel Kyle Gahagan
9 "The Khanda" Ben Abbott Tom McGinnis Brent Stubblefield Nathan Zimmerman
10 "The Tabar" Ted Thompson Rob "Deker" Dekelbaum Robert Burns Edward Kim
Season 3 (2016–17)[edit]
Episode
Title
Results
1st Place
2nd Place
3rd Place
4th Place
1 Champions Edition[note 1] – "Scottish Claymore" Ben Abbott Matthew Parkinson Salem Straub Burt Foster
2 Fan Favorites[note 2] – "Hook Sword" David Roeder Rich Greenwood Kelly Potter Ryu Lim
3 "Butterfly Swords" Shayne Carter Andy Alm Harry Burdett Michael Allenson (né Hoopes)
4 "The Falcata" Kelly Vermeer-Vella Justin Jones Will Bagley Frank Christensen
5 "Kora Sword" Liam Hoffman Josh Smith Paul Happy Robby Bowman
6 "Hunga Munga" Jared Williams Eric Anthony Leong Ryan Lewis Harlan Whitman
7 "The Boar Spear" Allen Newberry Clayton Cowart Mike Shindel Chase Wilder
8 "Xiphos Sword" Keith Hill Jon Maynard Sam Rutherford Riley Butz
9 "The Pandat" Pete Winkler Jo Smith Brandon Brink April Franklin
10 "Zulu Iklwa" Matthew Moline Lyle Wynn Scott Mcreynolds Clarence Jackson
11 Champions Edition[note 1] – "The Pata"[1] Travis Wuertz Shayne Carter Peter Swarz-Burt Scott Thomas
12 "The Zweihänder" Jay Replogle Stephan Fowler Harry Black Emiliano Carrillo
13 "Cavalry Saber" David Mooneyham Todd Bitler Jason Glenn Howell Nic Hanlon
14 "The Naginata" Theo Nazz Joe Collett Walter Sorrells Erich Ouellette
15 "The Haladie" Raymond Smith Stephen Williamson Jason Kraus Adlai Stein
16 Redemption[note 3] – "Viking sword" Gabriel Bell Clarence Jackson JD Smith Brandon Brink
Season 4 (2017–18)[edit]
Episode
Title
Results
1st Place
2nd Place
3rd Place
4th Place
1 Judges' Pick[note 4] – "The Ida" Mareko Maumasi Josh Smith David Goldberg Erin Simmons
2 "Deer Horn Knives" Nicholas Marcelja Steve Godfrey Dustin Rhodes Thor Laizans
3 "The Katzbalger" James Helm Paul Walsh Rashelle Hams Jesse Hauer (medically disqualified)
4 "Makraka" Craig Barr Paul Brown Brian Dimmock Mark Nevling
5 Fan's Choice[note 2] – "The Panabas" Josh Weston Ray Kirk Robby Bowman Chad Osborne
6 "Akrafena" Page Steinhardt Brock Martin Larry Clements Terry Mitchell
7 "Talwar" Jordan LaMothe David McConnell Rick Fenlon Carl Oliver
8 "The Cinquedea" Neil Kamimura Dan Hurtado Storm Richardson Demetrios Papatriantafyllou
9 "The Charay" Steve Grosvenor Ryan Rowe Mark Green Tyler Mandgie
10 Redemption[note 3] – "Sword Breaker" James Huse Erich Ouellette Earl Blackmore Morgan Medlen
11 Master & Apprentice[note 5] – "Nzappa zap" Frank Allen Wren II
Nehemiah Brousseau Jesse Rhodes
Zack Lewis Robert Timberlake
Wesley Alberson Joseph Szilaski
John Lewis
12 "Ngombe (de) Ngulu (de)" Steven Bryan Paul Brach Robert Putantsu Ryan Weeks
13 "The Shamshir" Andrew Taycach Tim Shoal Tom Kinder Chad Hollar
14 "The Kachin Dao" Shawn Ellis Rachel Oliver Buster Grubbs Chad Bozeman (medically disqualified)
15 "The Gladiator Scissor" Don Halter Jason Henderson Alf Rudd Francesco Muci
16 "The Kampilan" Michael Cross Todd Martin Jack Barber Leland Edward Stone
17 "The Kpinga" Nate Summers Richard Epting Jim Poor John Rainey
18 "The Yatagan" Gabe Mabry Dave Catoe Josh Fikentscher Randall W Turner
19 International Championship – "The Spadroon" JW Randall Julien Maniglier Guillermo Mendoza Michal Sielicki
20 "The Tabar-Shishpar" Mark Steele Knapp Christopher Price Holden Bystry Dan Rotblatt
21 Ultimate Champions Edition[note 6] – "The T'ai Chi Sword" Theo Nazz Neil Kamimura Kelly Vermeer-Vella Nicholas Marcelja (Round 1)
Raymond Smith (preliminary)
22 Knights Templar – "Crusader Sword" David Mirabile Brian Rognholt Josh Fenlon Richard Moore
23 Viking Edition – "Viking War Axes" Jeremiah Backhaus Chris Rowley Jeff Renner Joel Davis
Season 5 (2018–present)[edit]
Episode
Title
Results
1st Place
2nd Place
3rd Place
4th Place
1 "The Rhomphaia" Bill Sowell Dwight Phillips Mark Collard Steve Culver
2 Rookies Edition[note 7] – "The War Golok" Brian Schmidt Matt Wagner Tyler Grant Joey Lynn (Round 1)
Steve Johnson (preliminary)
3 "The Schiavona" Jeff Wagenaar Brad McDougall Brendan McHugh Wes Whipple
4 "The Sica" Tony Fetters Frank Sausto Corey Soper Gage Mason
5 "The Jūmonji yari" Jacob Gayton Fuad Accawi Gary Sandstrom Kyle Kilroy
6 "The Kabyle Flyssa" Collin Sage Daniel Casey Bob Hastings Jesse Adcock
7 Ultimate Team Challenge "The Chinese Dao" Mark J. Hopper
Jessica D. Collins Joe Carlton
Casey Perdue Raleigh Desiato
Kelly Gregory Tyler Adkins
Leon Vanguard
8 "The Karabela" Ethan Kempf Liam Fuller Ron Gramza Evan Griffith
9 "The Zande Spear" Drew Goodson Jason Nass Daniel James Reichow Larry Metcalf
10 "The Navaja" Matthew Christiano Wade Seiders Christoph Deringer Brandon Austin
11 "The German Halberd" Phillip Baldwin Johnathan Sibley Doran Doran Ben Swapp
12 "The Indian Two-Handed Sword" Jonathan Allen Ed Wilson Andy Walker Jordan Kataris
Trivia[edit]
In the city of Cohoes, New York near Albany, a man, inspired by the series, tried to forge a piece of metal over a fire in a barrel near his home. He caused a fire that destroyed three residential buildings and damaged 28 others.[7]
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b These four contestants, all champions from previous seasons, were invited to compete again. The winner received an additional $10,000 and the title "Champion of Champions"
^ Jump up to: a b These four contestants from previous seasons were invited to compete again based on fans' reaction to their initial performance.
^ Jump up to: a b This episode featured contestants eliminated from previous episodes returning for a chance at redemption
Jump up ^ These four contestants from previous seasons, each chosen by one of the four judges, were invited to compete again.
Jump up ^ Four master/apprentice pairs competed in this episode. When Jesse withdrew at the end of the first round, Zack was allowed to continue on his own.
Jump up ^ Five champions from previous episodes were invited to compete again. Raymond Smith was eliminated based on the results of a preliminary test performed on blades that they forged ahead of time.
Jump up ^ This episode followed the same structure as the Ultimate Champions Edition in Season 4, with five smiths who were inspired to take up the craft after watching the show.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Zumberge, Marianne (April 27, 2015). "History's Weapon Competition Series 'Forged in Fire' to Debut This Summer". variety.com. Variety. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Pfeiffer, Jeff (April 27, 2015). "Former "Special Ops Mission" star Wil Willis returns in new History competition series". www.channelguidemagblog.com. Channel Guide Magazine. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Kryah, Kevin (Jun 22, 2015). "Talking Swords on the Brooklyn Set of History's New Reality-Competition Series". www.esquire.com. Esquire. Retrieved 2 August 2015.
Jump up ^ http://www.history.com/shows/forged-in-fire
Jump up ^ "Forged in Fire Season 3 will be released on — August 23, 2016 - PremiereDate.TV". premieredate.tv. Archived from the original on June 1, 2016. Retrieved 2016-05-24.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Petski, Denise (April 27, 2015). "Bladesmiths Cut To The Chase In New Competition Series On History". deadline.com. Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
Jump up ^ Man Inspired by TV Show 'Forged in Fire' Sets Off Huge Blaze, Officials Say
External links[edit]
Official website
Forged in Fire on IMDb
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Plains garter snake
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Plains garter snake
Conservation status

Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Tetrapodomorpha
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Colubridae
Genus: Thamnophis
Species: T. radix
Binomial name
Thamnophis radix
(Baird and Girard, 1853)
Subspecies
T. r. radix
T. r. haydeni
Synonyms
Eutainia radix
Baird & Girard, 1853
Tropidonotus sirtalis var. radix
— Jan, 1865
Tropidonotus ordinatus Var. radix
— Boulenger, 1893
Eutaenia radix
— Cope, 1900
Thamnophis radix
— Stejneger & Barbour, 1917
The Plains garter snake (Thamnophis radix) is a species of garter snake native to most of the central United States as far north as Canada and as far south as Texas. It has a distinctive orange or yellow stripe from its head to tail, and the rest of its body is mainly a gray-green color. The snake is commonly found living near water sources such as streams and ponds, but can also be found in urban areas and vacant lots. Although the IUCN lists the species as "Least Concern", some states have given it their own special status. This species is mildly venomous, although the venom is not toxic to humans.[1]
Contents
1 Description
1.1 Physical
1.2 Behavior
2 Habitat
2.1 Range
3 Subspecies
4 Conservation
5 External links
6 References
Description[edit]
Physical[edit]
Thamnophis radix
The Plains garter snake has either an orange or yellow stripe down its back and distinctive black bars on its lip.[2] The stripe normally starts at the head and continues all the way to the tail tip.[3][4] Lateral stripes are located on the third and fourth scale rows and are normally a greenish-yellow color.[3][4] Its belly is gray-green with small dark spots along the edges.[4] Most have distinctive light yellow spots on the top of the head.[3][4] The snake is described as medium-sized and is on average around 3 ft (0.91 m).[3]
Behavior[edit]
Described as "one of the most cold-tolerant snakes", on warmer winter days, it often comes out of hibernation to bask in the sun.[4] It is most active between April and late October depending on location.[5] Mating normally takes place in April or May and birth takes place between August and October.[4] Courtship usually occurs near the communal hibernation site, and polygynous mating systems have been observed.[5] The snake's typical diet consists of earthworms, slugs, and small amphibians,[4][6] including the larvae of salamanders.[5] It has also been observed eating small mammals and birds, such as bank swallows and eastern meadowlarks.[6]
Habitat[edit]
The Plains garter snake is commonly found in meadows and prairies adjacent to water sources, such as marshes, streams, and ponds.[5] In built-up areas of the Chicago area, it has been observed in abandoned buildings, trash heaps, and vacant lots.[5] Populations in urban and suburban areas have been greatly reduced due to building activities and pesticide use.[7] Its habitat range overlaps with that of the common garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) in many areas, and it is thought the species may hybridize.[5][7]
Range[edit]
The snake ranges across a broad area of North America from as far north as central Alberta to as far south as Northern Texas and New Mexico. In the United States, it is also found in Iowa, eastern Wyoming, northern Kentucky, eastern Colorado, Minnesota, southern Wisconsin, Illinois, northwestern Indiana, Oklahoma, Nebraska and the northern half of Missouri. A small population is also in Ohio.[5][8] In Canada, the species is also found in Manitoba.[8] It can be found at elevations from 400 to 7,500 feet but prefer to stay under 6,000 feet.[8]
Subspecies[edit]
Formerly, two subspecies of the Plains garter snake were widely recognized, but most authorities have since dropped subspecies recognition. The first, T. r. radix, was commonly referred to as the eastern Plains garter snake, while T. r. haydeni (Kennicott 1860) was considered the western subspecies. However, the distinction between the two is weak, partly based on the number of scales and partly on slight coloration differences, with T. r. haydeni said to have cleaner markings and more ventral and neck scales. As the two subspecies share the same habitat in many regions of the United States, further complicated by their strikingly similar appearance, many now do not recognize the two subspecies.
The subspecific name, haydeni, is in honor of American geologist Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden.[9]
Conservation[edit]
The Plains garter snake is listed as Least Concern (IUCN 3.1) by the IUCN Red List due to the snake's ability to modify its habitat, its wide distribution and its presumed large population.[8] However, the snake is considered to be "Endangered" in Ohio and is on a state list of endangered species.[5][10] In Wisconsin, it is a species of special concern.[11]
External links[edit]
Plains Garter Snake, Reptiles and Amphibians of Iowa
[1] Plains Garter Snake, Reptiles of Alberta: Alberta Conservation Association
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Plains Garter Snake. (Arkive.org). Retrieved March 25, 2017, http://www.arkive.org/plains-gartersnake/thamnophis-radix/image-G143060.html
Jump up ^ Conant, Roger; Robert C. Stebbins; Joseph T. Collins (1999). Roger Tory Peterson, ed. Peterson First Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0-395-97195-6.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Breckenridge, John (1944). Reptiles and amphibians of Minnesota. U of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0-8166-0573-4.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Thamnophis radix -- Plains Gartersnake". Illinois Natural History Survey. University of Illinois. Retrieved 8 February 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Rossman, Douglas; Neil Ford; Richard Seigel (1996). The garter snakes: evolution and ecology. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 235–241url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n2rW7E8_uJoC&pg=PA235&dq=Thamnophis+radix&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=3&client=firefox–a&cd=5#v=onepage&q=Thamnophis%20radix&f=false. ISBN 0-8061-2820-8.
^ Jump up to: a b Dewey, Tanya. "Thamnophis radix (plains garter snake)". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. University of Michigan. Retrieved 8 February 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Degenhardt, William; Charles Painter; Andrew Price (2005). Amphibians and Reptiles of New Mexico. UNM Press. pp. 324–325. ISBN 0-8263-3811-9.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Thamnophis radix". Hammerson, G.A. IUCN Red List. Retrieved 8 February 2010.
Jump up ^ Beolens B, Watkins M, Grayson M. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Thamnophis radix haydeni, p. 118).
Jump up ^ "Ohio's Endangered Species". Ohio DNR. Retrieved 8 February 2010.
Jump up ^ "Plains Gartersnake (Thamnophis radix) Endangered Resources Program Species Information". Wisconsin DNR. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 8 February 2010.
Taxon identifiers
Wikidata: Q385759
Wikispecies: Thamnophis radix
ARKive: thamnophis-radix
EoL: 1055205
GBIF: 2457512
iNaturalist: 28378
IRMNG: 10947252
ITIS: 174147
IUCN: 63988
NCBI: 35015
uBio: 8059380
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plains_garter_snake&oldid=865319766"
Categories:
IUCN Red List least concern species
Thamnophis
Snakes of North America
Reptiles of Canada
Reptiles of the United States
Fauna of the Great Plains
Fauna of the Plains-Midwest (United States)
Fauna of the Southwestern United States
Reptiles described in 1853
Least concern biota of the United States
Pliocene reptiles of North America
Extant Zanclean first appearances
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Lower court
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A lower court is a court from which an appeal may be taken. In relation to an appeal from one court to another, the lower court is the court whose decision is being reviewed, which may be the original trial court or appellate court lower in rank than the superior court which is hearing the appeal.
In an absolute sense, a lower court is always the trial court; where an appellate court is describing the actions under review from the lower court, it is referring to the court that examined the evidence and testimony directly and made rulings upon it, rather than any intermediate appellate courts. However, a court that functions as a trial court in some instances may still be above another court. Relative to other trial courts, a lower court is a court of limited jurisdiction, especially one that is limited to hearing minor offenses, or civil actions involving a limited amount, as distinct from a superior court.
In the United States, most states have two levels of trial courts, and two levels of appellate courts. The jurisdiction of the lower trial court in such jurisdictions is typically restricted to hearing minor claims and trying minor offenses, while the higher court may hear claims without an upper limit on the amount in controversy, and may try all crimes. The higher trial court may also have some power of appellate review over the lower. In Virginia, for example, the lowest level of court is the Virginia General District Court, which can hear claims of up to US$25,000, and can try misdemeanors. Above that court is a second level of trial courts, the Virginia Circuit Court, which may hear claims in excess of US$4,500 and may try certain types of felony cases. The General District Courts do not have jury trials at all, but appeals may be taken from a General District Court to the circuit court of that jurisdiction, and the appellant may receive a new trial with a jury.
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Jennifer Saunders
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the racquetball player, see Jennifer Saunders (racquetball).
Jennifer Saunders
Saunders in Melbourne, Australia, on 23 April 2014
Birth name
Jennifer Jane Saunders
Born
(1958-07-06) 6 July 1958 (age 59)
Sleaford, Lincolnshire, England
Medium
Television, film
Nationality
British
Education
St Paul's Girls' School
Northwich Grammar School For Girls
Alma mater
Central School Of Speech And Drama[1]
Years active
1981–present
Genres
Comedy, parody
Spouse
Adrian Edmondson (m. 1985)
Children
3, including Ella and Beattie Edmondson
Jennifer Jane Saunders (born 6 July 1958) is an English comedian, screenwriter, and actress. She has won three BAFTAs (including the BAFTA Fellowship), an International Emmy Award, a British Comedy Award, a Rose d'Or Light Entertainment Festival Award, two Writers' Guild of Great Britain Awards, and a People's Choice Award.
She first found widespread attention in the 1980s when she became a member of The Comic Strip after graduating from the Central School of Speech and Drama in London. With her comedy partner Dawn French, she wrote and starred in their eponymous sketch show, French and Saunders, for which she and French received a BAFTA fellowship in 2009. She received worldwide acclaim through the early to mid-1990s for writing and playing the lead role of Edina Monsoon in the BBC sitcom Absolutely Fabulous.
She has guest-starred in the American sitcoms Roseanne and Friends and won the People's Choice Awards for voicing the evil Fairy Godmother in DreamWorks' animated Shrek 2. In 2015, she voiced Queen Elizabeth II in the animated comedy film Minions, and in 2016 she voiced Nana Noodleman in the animated musical film Sing.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
2.1 Early career
2.2 Television
2.2.1 1980s and 1990s
2.2.2 2000s
2.2.3 2010s
2.3 Film
3 Personal life
4 Awards and recognition
4.1 Won
4.2 Nominated
5 Filmography
6 Writer
7 Bibliography
8 References
9 External links
Early life[edit]
Jennifer Saunders was born on 6 July 1958 in Sleaford, Lincolnshire, England.[2][3] Her mother, Jane, was a biology teacher, and her father, Robert Thomas Saunders, served as a pilot in the Royal Air Force (RAF), reached the rank of Air Marshal and later worked for British Aerospace. She has three brothers.[4][5]
As her father was in the armed forces, Saunders moved to different schools many times.[5] She was educated from the age of five to 18 in boarding schools and then at St Paul's Girls' School, an independent school in west London.[6] After school, she worked for a year in Italy as an au pair.[7]
She later received a place at the Central School of Speech and Drama in London on a drama teachers' course in 1977,[5] where she met her future comedy partner, Dawn French.[8]
Both came from RAF backgrounds. They had grown up on the same base, even having had the same best friend, without ever meeting.[4] The comic duo originally did not get on well, and as far as Saunders was concerned, French was a "cocky little upstart". The distrust was mutual: French considered Saunders snooty and uptight.[4] French actually wanted to become a drama teacher,[2] whereas Saunders loathed the idea and had not fully understood what the course was about; thus, she disliked French for being enthusiastic and confident about the course.[5] Saunders was shocked to find that she was actually taking courses to become a teacher, as her mother had filled out the application form. Her mother, however, was saddened when Saunders chose not to apply for an Oxbridge university education.[5]
After the initial friction while at college, Saunders and French shared a flat together. French has remarked on Saunders's messy habits when sharing the house, stating, "When we lived together in Chalk Farm, she had a room at the top of the house. We got broken into and the police said, 'Well, it is quite bad, but the worst is that room at the top.' And, of course, nobody had been in there."[5] The two performed together after graduation, working the festival, cabaret,[5] and stand-up circuits. They formed a double-act called The Menopause Sisters. Saunders described the act, which involved wearing tampons in their ears, as "cringeworthy."[4] The manager of the club where they performed recalled, "They didn't seem to give a damn. There was no star quality about them at all."[4]
Career[edit]
Early career[edit]
French and Saunders would eventually come to public attention as members of the informal comedy collective The Comic Strip, part of the alternative comedy scene in the early 1980s. They answered a 1980 advert in The Stage newspaper looking for female comedians to perform at The Comic Strip, which had, until that point, only had male performers.[2][4] When they walked into the audition, they were immediately told, "You're booked. When can you start?"[5]
Both Saunders and French became continuing members of The Comic Strip, which included Peter Richardson, Rik Mayall, and Robbie Coltrane, as well as Saunders' future husband Adrian Edmondson.[2][4]
The group performed at the Boulevard Theatre, above Soho's Raymond Revuebar, and gained a cult following, with visiting audience members including Dustin Hoffman, Jack Nicholson, and Robin Williams, who once joined in the performance.[9] By the time French and Saunders became members of The Comic Strip, French was already working as a drama teacher, whilst Saunders was on the dole and spending a lot of her time sleeping in bed after the dole office closed for the day.[4]
Television[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
1980s and 1990s[edit]
The comedy group appeared on Channel 4's first night on air, in the first episode of The Comic Strip Presents: Five Go Mad In Dorset, broadcast on 2 November 1982.[2][10] In the episodes "Bad News" and "More Bad News", Saunders plays a trashy rock journalist touring with the fictional heavy metal band Bad News.[citation needed]
In 1985, Saunders starred in and co-wrote Girls on Top with French, Tracey Ullman, and Ruby Wax, which portrayed four eccentric women sharing a flat in London.[2] Saunders also appeared in Ben Elton's Happy Families where she played various members of the same family, including all four Fuddle sisters in the six-episode BBC situation comedy. Saunders starred in a Comic Strip film called The Supergrass, a little-known parody of slick 1980s police dramas directed by Peter Richardson. Saunders played Meryl Streep playing Arthur Scargill's wife in Strike, a Comic Strip spoof on the 1984 miners' strike. She appeared twice as a guest on The Young Ones.[2]
In 1987, she and French created French and Saunders, a popular sketch comedy series for the BBC, which aired until 2007.[11] By the end of the 1980s, the show was an established comedy programme and became a staple in BBC viewing.[4] Saunders has appeared in Amnesty International's The Secret Policeman's Biggest Ball live benefit in 1989, along with Dawn French and others.[citation needed]
Saunders and French followed separate careers as well as maintaining their comedy sketch show. Saunders' biggest solo success has been Absolutely Fabulous. The comedy was, in fact, based largely on a fourteen-minute French & Saunders sketch called "Modern Mother and Daughter". Saunders and French were going to star in the comedy together, but just as the studio had been booked, French received a long-awaited phone call confirming that an adoption agency had a new baby for her to adopt.[5]
Saunders proceeded to star in the comedy. The series, which she wrote and starred in as the irresponsible fashion PR agent Edina Monsoon alongside Joanna Lumley, who played Patsy Stone, brought her international acclaim and attention.[2] The show ran for five full series, two telemovies, three special episodes, and a feature film over the course of twenty-four years from 1992 to 2016.[2] The series is also known as Ab Fab[4] and was broadcast in the United States on Comedy Central and BBC America, becoming cult viewing.[12]
Saunders has appeared on the American sitcoms Roseanne, playing Edina Monsoon in the episode "Satan, Darling", and Friends as Andrea Waltham, the step-mother of Emily, Ross Geller's fiancée, in the episodes "The One After Ross Says Rachel" and "The One with Ross's Wedding". In 1999, she appeared alongside French in Let Them Eat Cake.[2]
2000s[edit]
“ I wanted to write something about the sort of community I was living in, why it works and how different it was. How life in the country didn’t have to be sinister. ”
— Saunders on her motivations for creating Jam & Jerusalem[13]
Saunders wrote and starred in a comedy drama about a Women's Institute entitled Jam & Jerusalem, also known as Clatterford in the United States. The first series aired in 2006, the second in 2008, and the third in 2009 on BBC One.[14] The show starred David Mitchell, Sally Phillips, and Sue Johnston, as well as Dawn French and Joanna Lumley.[citation needed]
In 2007, Saunders and psychologist Tanya Byron[5] wrote BBC Two's The Life and Times of Vivienne Vyle about a neurotic daytime talk show host. The show ran for one series. Saunders played the eponymous character whose programme features crude headlines such as "Wife a slapper? Lie detector reveals all".[15]
Also in 2007, the final series of French & Saunders aired. A Bucket o' French & Saunders featured a compilation of old and new sketches and aired on BBC One in September 2007. It was the third show she had written in a year.[5] In 2008 and 2009, French & Saunders completed their final live tour, French & Saunders: Still Alive.[16]
Saunders appeared on the "Star in a Reasonably Priced Car" segment of BBC Two's motoring show Top Gear, posting a lap time of 1:46.1s, making her the fifth-fastest guest ever in the car that was used at that time. A self-confessed petrolhead, she has a passion for Alfa Romeos and has so far owned four.[17]
2010s[edit]
In 2011, Saunders wrote and appeared in "Uptown Downstairs Abbey", the Comic Relief parody of the critically acclaimed historical television dramas Downton Abbey and Upstairs Downstairs. Playing the Dowager Countess, she starred alongside Lumley, Kim Cattrall, Victoria Wood, Harry Enfield, Patrick Barlow, Dale Winton, Olivia Colman, Tim Vine, Simon Callow, Michael Gambon, and Harry Hill.[citation needed]
In 2012, Saunders guest-starred in Dead Boss, a BBC Three comedy set in the fictional Broadmarsh prison where she plays the cruel and work-shy governor, Margaret.[18] The show's creator, Sharon Horgan, stated that she 'begged' Saunders to take the role, having been a fan of Saunders' previous comedy work.[19]
She also wrote the script for the Spice Girls-based jukebox musical Viva Forever!, which received some of the worst reviews of 2012 (and "arguably of all time"[20]).
In 2013, Saunders starred as Connie in the BBC adaptation of Blandings by P. G. Wodehouse. In 2017, Saunders appeared on the Simpsons episode "Looking for Mr. Goodbart" as an elderly woman accompanied around by Bart.[citation needed]
Film[edit]
Saunders has also appeared in several films, such as In the Bleak Midwinter (1995), Muppet Treasure Island (1996), Fanny & Elvis (1999), and also made cameo appearances in the Spice Girls's film Spice World (1997) and Absolument fabuleux (2001), a French film based on Absolutely Fabulous.[2][21]
She most notably appeared in the internationally successful DreamWorks animated movie Shrek 2 in 2004, providing the character voice of Princess Fiona's evil Fairy Godmother and singing the songs "The Fairy Godmother Song" and "Holding Out For a Hero." Her part took only four days to record.[4] The sequel broke the first Shrek's own box office record in the U.S in just a fortnight,[4] and it proceeded to make $353 million in just three weeks in the U.S.[22]
Her role won the American People's Choice Award for the best movie villain in 2005.[23] She voiced Miss Spink in the animated film Coraline, in which Dawn French voiced a character called Miss Forcible. In 2015, she voiced Queen Elizabeth II in the animated film Minions,[24][25] and in 2016, she voiced Miss Nana Noodleman in the animated film Sing.
Personal life[edit]
Saunders married Adrian Edmondson on 11 May 1985, in Cheshire. They have three daughters: Eleanor "Ella" Rose (born 22 January 1986, Hammersmith, London), Beatrice "Beattie" Louise (born 19 June 1987), and Freya (born 1990).[citation needed]
In July 2010, she stated that she had been diagnosed with breast cancer the previous October,[26] and was in remission following a lumpectomy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy.[27]
On 27 August 2012, Saunders and Edmondson became grandparents when their daughter Ella gave birth to a boy, Fred.[28] They became grandparents for the second time in February 2014 when Ella gave birth to another son, Albert Rafferty.[29] Ella gave birth to their first granddaughter, Ivy, in August 2016.
Saunders published her autobiography, Bonkers: My Life in Laughs, in October 2013.[30]
She has volunteered for Dress for Success, a non-profit organisation which gives free clothes and advice about job interviews to women who are unemployed.[31]
Awards and recognition[edit]
Along with Dawn French, Saunders declined an OBE in 2001.[32][33]
In 2003, she was listed in The Observer as one of the 50 funniest acts in British comedy.[34] Saunders was placed 93rd out of E!'s 100 Sexiest British Stars. She also came 18th for Best British Role Models for teenage girls in Britain according to Good Housekeeping Magazine.[citation needed]
Saunders was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Exeter in July 2007.[35] In July 2011, she was awarded an honorary doctorate by Edge Hill University.[36]
In 2005, she was named the fourth funniest woman in Britain in a poll of 4,000 women.[37] To date, she has been nominated for and received many awards, including:
Won[edit]
1991: Writers' Guild of Great Britain Award for TV Light Entertainment - French & Saunders.[38]
1993: BAFTA Television Award for Best Comedy Series for - Absolutely Fabulous (shared with Jon Plowman and Bob Spiers)[39]
1993: Writers' Guild of Great Britain Award TV for Situation Comedy - Absolutely Fabulous.[38]
1993: British Comedy Award for Top Female Performer[40]
1994: International Emmy Award for popular arts - Absolutely Fabulous[41]
2002: Honorary Rose Award - awarded with Dawn French[42]
2005: People's Choice Award for Favorite Movie Villain - Shrek 2 [43]
2009: BAFTA Fellowship - awarded with Dawn French[44]
2012: BAFTA Television Award for Best Female Performance In a Comedy Programme - Absolutely Fabulous[45]
Nominated[edit]
1993: BAFTA Television Award for Best Light Entertainment Performance for - Absolutely Fabulous[39]
1993: British Comedy Award for Best Comedy Actress - Absolutely Fabulous[citation needed]
1994: British Comedy Award for Best TV Comedy Actress - Absolutely Fabulous[citation needed]
1995: BAFTA Television Award for Best Comedy Series for - Absolutely Fabulous (shared with Jon Plowman and Bob Spiers)[46]</ref>
1996: BAFTA Television Award for Best Comedy Series for - Absolutely Fabulous (shared with Jon Plowman and Bob Spiers)[47]
1997: BAFTA Television Award for Best Comedy Series for - Absolutely Fabulous (shared with Jon Plowman, Bob Spiers and Janice Thomas)[48]
Filmography[edit]
This article contains a list of works that does not follow the Manual of Style for lists of works (often, though not always, due to being in reverse-chronological order) and may need cleanup. Please improve this article if you can. (May 2017)
Television
Year
Programme
Role
Notes
1982–1998
2011–2012 The Comic Strip Presents... Various characters Main cast
30 episodes (plus 6 specials)
1982–1984 The Young Ones Helen Mucus/Sue 2 episodes: "Interesting" and "Time"
1985 Happy Families Granny Fuddle
1985–1986 Girls on Top Jennifer Marsh 13 episodes
1987–2007 French and Saunders Various characters Main cast (46 episodes)
1992–1996
2001–2004
2011–2012 Absolutely Fabulous Edina Monsoon Also creator and writer
35 episodes (plus 4 aired specials)
1996 Roseanne Edina Monsoon 1 episode: "Satan, Darling"
1998 Friends Andrea Waltham 2 episodes: "The One with Ross's Wedding: Part Two" and "The One After Ross Says Rachel"
1999 Let Them Eat Cake Colombine 6 episodes
2000 Mirrorball Vivienne Keill TV pilot
2006–2009 Jam & Jerusalem Caroline Martin
2007 The Life and Times of Vivienne Vyle Vivienne Vyle 6 episodes
2011–2014 This is Jinsy Miss Reason
2012 Dead Boss Governor Margaret 6 episodes
2013–2014 Blandings Lady Constance Keeble 13 episodes
2014 The Boy in the Dress Miss Windsor TV Movie
2015–present Josh Judith 3 episodes
2017 The Simpsons Phoebe Voice, 1 episode: "Looking for Mr. Goodbart"
2017 Grandpa's Great Escape Miss Dandy TV Movie
Film
Year
Film
Role
Notes
1985 The Supergrass Lesley Reynolds
1987 Eat the Rich Lady Caroline
1995 In the Bleak Midwinter Nancy Crawford
1996 Muppet Treasure Island Mrs. Bluveridge
1997 Spice World Fashionable Woman
2001 Absolument fabuleux Herself French adaptation of the series; cameo appearance
2004 Shrek 2 Fairy Godmother Voice
2009 Coraline Miss April Spink Voice
2015 Minions Elizabeth II Voice
2016 Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie Edina Monsoon Also writer
Sing Nana Noodleman Voice
2018 Patrick TBA
Writer[edit]
2016: Ab Fab: The Movie (writer)
2012: Viva Forever! (writer)
2006: Jam & Jerusalem (16 episodes, 2006–2009)
2008: French and Saunders Still Alive (V) (writer)
2007: The Life and Times of Vivienne Vyle (6 episodes, 2007)
2007: A Bucket o' French & Saunders (5 episodes, 2007)
2001: Absolument fabuleux (creator: TV series Absolutely Fabulous)
2000: Mirrorball (TV) (writer)
2000: French & Saunders Live (V) (writer)
1999: The Nearly Complete and Utter History of Everything (TV) (writer)
1998: Absolutely Fabulous: A Life (V) (writer)
1998: Absolutely Fabulous: Absolutely Not! (V) (original idea)
1996: Roseanne (1 episode, 1996)
1993: French and Saunders Live (V) (writer)
1992: Absolutely Fabulous (38 episodes, 1992–2012)
1991: Comic Relief (TV) (uncredited)
1987: French and Saunders (38 episodes, 1987–2005)
1986: Comic Relief (TV) (writer)
1984: The Comic Strip Presents... (2 episodes, 1984–1986)
1985: Girls on Top TV series (unknown episodes)
1981: The Comic Strip (TV) (writer)
Bibliography[edit]
Absolutely Fabulous: Continuity
Absolutely Fabulous (scripts from the show)
Absolutely Fabulous 2 (more scripts from the show)
A Feast of French and Saunders (with Dawn French)
Autobiography
Bonkers: My Life in Laughs (Viking, 2013)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Autobiography "Bonkers: My Life in Laughs"
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k Hannah Hamad. Jennifer Saunders — screenonline.org. Retrieved 4 October 2007.
Jump up ^ Editors at The Times. Birthdays — timesonline.co.uk. Retrieved 5 October 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l Decca Aitkenhead. What are you looking at? — guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 5 October 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k Chrissy Iley. "Farewell French and Saunders", timesonline.co.uk; retrieved 30 August 2007.
Jump up ^ "Forget university. It's jobs for the top girls". Sunday Times. 17 July 2015.
Jump up ^ Editors at Teletronic. Dawn French — teletronic.co.uk. Retrieved 4 October 2007. Archived 20 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ William Langley. "'We know how to use our mighty weight and the power of a full and voluptuous body'", telegraph.co.uk; retrieved 6 December 2007.
Jump up ^ "Home Cinema @ The Digital Fix - The Comic Strip Presents - The Complete Collection in July". DVD times.co.uk. 4 July 2005. Retrieved 7 October 2010.
Jump up ^ Neil Wilkes. "'Comic Strip' returns to Channel 4", digitalspy.co.uk; retrieved 5 October 2007.
Jump up ^ Editors at Screen Online. Dawn French", screenonline.org.uk; retrieved 10 May 2007.
Jump up ^ James Welsh."'Ab Fab' stars receive GLBT Pride award", digitalspy.co.uk; retrieved 5 October 2007.
Jump up ^ Rosie Millard. "Absolutely no more TV sketch shows, darlings", Times Online; retrieved 4 October 2007.
Jump up ^ Press Release. BBC America to co-produce new comedies with Jennifer Saunders, bbc.co.uk; retrieved 5 October 2007.
Jump up ^ Carol Midgley. "Jennifer Saunders and Dr Tanya Byron take on the chat shows", timesonline.co.uk; retrieved 4 October 2007.
Jump up ^ Ed Stafford. "Comedy preview: French & Saunders: Still Alive", theguardian.com, 11 October 2008; accessed 18 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Top Gear - Celebrity Laps". bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
Jump up ^ "BBC Three - Dead Boss - Margaret". bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
Jump up ^ Tarley, Rachel (14 June 2012). "Dead Boss producers: We begged Jennifer Saunders to be on the show". Metro.co.uk. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
Jump up ^ "Viva Forever! vs The Bodyguard - Mister Producer". The Stage. 26 March 2013. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
Jump up ^ Kimberley Dadds Spice Girls: Timeline, digitalspy.co.uk; accessed 18 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Fiona Morrow. Jennifer Saunders profile, timesonline.co.uk; retrieved 5 October 2007.
Jump up ^ Daniel Saney. People's Choice Awards presented — digitalspy.co.uk. Retrieved 5 October 2007.
Jump up ^ White, James (15 May 2015). "New Minions Promo Drops Online". Empire Online. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Trailer: 'Minions' spin-off from 'Despicable Me' series". Yahoo! News. 4 November 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Jennifer Saunders's secret cancer battle". Melbourne: The Age. 9 July 2010. Retrieved 9 July 2010.
Jump up ^ "BBC News - Jennifer Saunders reveals her breast cancer fight". Bbc.co.uk. 8 July 2010. Retrieved 7 October 2010.
Jump up ^ "Ella Rose Edmondson (ellaedmondson) on Twitter". Twitter.com. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "Twitter/ellaedmondson: Well I'm now a mother of two". Twitter.com. 11 February 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
Jump up ^ "Bonkers: My Life in Laughs". Penguin Australia. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
Jump up ^ Emma Barnett, Dress for Success: the charity quietly getting British women back into work, The Daily Telegraph, 18 October 2012
Jump up ^ Yasmin Alibhai-Brown. It is an honour to stand among the refuseniks — independent.co.uk. Retrieved 11 May 2007. Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Leak reveals honours snubs". BBC News. 21 December 2003. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
Jump up ^ The A-Z of laughter (Part II), guardian.co.uk; retrieved 5 October 2007.
Jump up ^ "Uni bestows honorary doctorates", bbc.co.uk; retrieved 6 May 2008.
Jump up ^ "Jennifer Saunders awarded honorary degree by Edge Hill university". BBC News Online. BBC. 21 July 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
Jump up ^ Daniel Saney."Victoria Wood Britain's funniest woman", digitalspy.co.uk; retrieved 4 October 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b Friends. PediaPress.
^ Jump up to: a b List of BAFTA awards for 1992 Bafta web site
Jump up ^ Guide, British Comedy. "The British Comedy Awards British Comedy Awards 1993 - British Comedy Guide". British Comedy Guide. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
Jump up ^ International Emmy Awards 1994, imdb.com; retrieved 21 October 2007.
Jump up ^ "Golden Rose for French and Saunders". BBC News. 17 April 2002. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "2005: Nominees and Winners". People's Choice. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
Jump up ^ British Academy of Film and Television Arts Fellowship Archived 24 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine. presented on Sunday 26 April 2009.
Jump up ^ List of Award winners for 2012", bafta.org; accessed 18 December 2017.
Jump up ^ List of Award winners for 1994, bafta.org, 18 December 2017.
Jump up ^ List of Award winners for 1995, bafta.org; accessed 18 December 2017.
Jump up ^ List of Award winners for 1996, bafta.org; accessed 18 December 2017.
External links[edit]
Jennifer Saunders on IMDb
[show]
v
t
e
The Comic Strip
Ade Edmondson
Rik Mayall
Nigel Planer
Peter Richardson
Dawn French
Jennifer Saunders
Alexei Sayle
Keith Allen
Robbie Coltrane
Pete Richens
Select episodes and films
Five Go Mad in Dorset
The Bullshitters: Roll Out The Gunbarrel
The Supergrass
Eat the Rich
The Strike
Mr. Jolly Lives Next Door
The Yob
Didn't You Kill My Brother?
South Atlantic Raiders
GLC: The Carnage Continues...
The Pope Must Die
Detectives on the Edge of a Nervous Breakdown
Churchill: The Hollywood Years
The Hunt for Tony Blair
Related articles
Bad News
Bad News (album)
Bootleg
20th Century Coyote
French and Saunders
[show]
v
t
e
BAFTA Fellowship recipients
1971–2000
Alfred Hitchcock (1971)
Freddie Young (1972)
Grace Wyndham Goldie (1973)
David Lean (1974)
Jacques Cousteau (1975)
Charlie Chaplin (1976)
Laurence Olivier (1976)
Denis Forman (1977)
Fred Zinnemann (1978)
Lew Grade (1979)
Huw Wheldon (1979)
David Attenborough (1980)
John Huston (1980)
Abel Gance (1981)
Michael Powell & Emeric Pressburger (1981)
Andrzej Wajda (1982)
Richard Attenborough (1983)
Hugh Greene (1984)
Sam Spiegel (1984)
Jeremy Isaacs (1985)
Steven Spielberg (1986)
Federico Fellini (1987)
Ingmar Bergman (1988)
Alec Guinness (1989)
Paul Fox (1990)
Louis Malle (1991)
John Gielgud (1992)
David Plowright (1992)
Sydney Samuelson (1993)
Colin Young (1993)
Michael Grade (1994)
Billy Wilder (1995)
Jeanne Moreau (1996)
Ronald Neame (1996)
John Schlesinger (1996)
Maggie Smith (1996)
Woody Allen (1997)
Steven Bochco (1997)
Julie Christie (1997)
Oswald Morris (1997)
Harold Pinter (1997)
David Rose (1997)
Sean Connery (1998)
Bill Cotton (1998)
Eric Morecambe & Ernie Wise (1999)
Elizabeth Taylor (1999)
Michael Caine (2000)
Stanley Kubrick (2000)
Peter Bazalgette (2000)
2001–present
Albert Finney (2001)
John Thaw (2001)
Judi Dench (2001)
Warren Beatty (2002)
Merchant Ivory Productions (2002)
Andrew Davies (2002)
John Mills (2002)
Saul Zaentz (2003)
David Jason (2003)
John Boorman (2004)
Roger Graef (2004)
John Barry (2005)
David Frost (2005)
David Puttnam (2006)
Ken Loach (2006)
Anne V. Coates (2007)
Richard Curtis (2007)
Will Wright (2007)
Anthony Hopkins (2008)
Bruce Forsyth (2008)
Dawn French & Jennifer Saunders (2009)
Terry Gilliam (2009)
Nolan Bushnell (2009)
Vanessa Redgrave (2010)
Shigeru Miyamoto (2010)
Melvyn Bragg (2010)
Christopher Lee (2011)
Peter Molyneux (2011)
Trevor McDonald (2011)
Martin Scorsese (2012)
Rolf Harris (2012)
Alan Parker (2013)
Gabe Newell (2013)
Michael Palin (2013)
Helen Mirren (2014)
Rockstar Games (2014)
Julie Walters (2014)
Mike Leigh (2015)
David Braben (2015)
Jon Snow (2015)
Sidney Poitier (2016)
John Carmack (2016)
Ray Galton & Alan Simpson (2016)
Mel Brooks (2017)
Joanna Lumley (2017)
[show]
v
t
e
BAFTA TV Award for Best Female Comedy Performance
Rebecca Front (2010)
Jo Brand (2011)
Jennifer Saunders (2012)
Olivia Colman (2013)
Katherine Parkinson (2014)
Jessica Hynes (2015)
Michaela Coel (2016)
Phoebe Waller-Bridge (2017)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 5137350
LCCN: n93086932
ISNI: 0000 0000 7729 6074
GND: 172738814
SUDOC: 075968819
BNF: cb14066741x (data)
BIBSYS: 90904702
MusicBrainz: febb3c96-8477-48fb-acbf-23fa5f317248
BNE: XX4887588
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jennifer_Saunders&oldid=816004200"
Categories:
1958 births
Living people
20th-century British comedians
21st-century British comedians
20th-century English actresses
21st-century English actresses
20th-century English writers
21st-century English writers
20th-century women writers
20th-century writers
21st-century women writers
Alumni of the Central School of Speech and Drama
Breast cancer survivors
Comedians from Lincolnshire
English autobiographers
English film actresses
English television actresses
English television writers
English voice actresses
English women comedians
People educated at St Paul's Girls' School
People from Sleaford, Lincolnshire
The Comic Strip
Hidden categories:
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