text:
Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
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For other uses, see Maria Theresa (disambiguation).
This name uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Mestre and the second or maternal family name is Batista.
Maria Teresa
Grand Duchess consort of Luxembourg
Tenure
7 October 2000 – present
Born
(1956-03-22) 22 March 1956 (age 61)
Marianao, Havana, Cuba
Spouse
Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (m. 1981)
Issue
Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg
Prince Félix
Prince Louis
Princess Alexandra
Prince Sébastien
Father
José Antonio Mestre y Álvarez
Mother
María Teresa Batista y Falla de Mestre
Religion
Roman Catholicism
[show]
Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg
HRH The Grand Duke
HRH The Grand Duchess
HRH The Hereditary Grand Duke
HRH The Hereditary Grand Duchess
HRH Prince Félix
HRH Princess Claire
HRH Princess Amalia*
HRH Prince Liam*
HRH Prince Louis
HRH Prince Gabriel*
HRH Prince Noah*
HRH Princess Alexandra
HRH Prince Sébastien
HRH Grand Duke Jean
HI&RH Archduchess Marie-Astrid of Austria
HRH Prince Jean
Countess Diane
HRH Princess Marie-Gabrielle*
HRH Prince Constantin*
HRH Prince Wenceslas*
HRH Prince Carl-Johan*
HRH Princess Margaretha of Liechtenstein
HRH Prince Guillaume
HRH Princess Sibilla
HRH Prince Paul Louis*
HRH Prince Léopold*
HRH Princess Charlotte*
HRH Prince Jean*
HRH The Dowager Countess of Holstein-Ledreborg
Joan, Duchesse de Mouchy
HRH Princess Charlotte, Mrs. Cunningham
HRH Prince Robert
HRH Princess Julie
HRH Princess Charlotte*
HRH Prince Alexandre*
HRH Prince Frederik*
HRH The Dowager Princess of Ligne
* Prince/ss of Nassau not of Luxembourg
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Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (born María Teresa Mestre y Batista; on 22 March 1956), is the spouse of Grand Duke Henri.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life and education
2 Social and humanitarian interests
3 Family
4 Titles, styles, and honours
4.1 Titles and styles
4.2 Honours
4.2.1 National honours
4.2.2 Foreign honours
5 Ancestry
6 Footnotes
7 External links
Early life and education[edit]
Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg, was born in 22 March 1956 in Marianao, Havana, Cuba, to José Antonio Mestre y Álvarez (Vedado, Havana, 1926 - 1993) and wife (m. Vedado, Havana, 1951) María Teresa Batista y Falla de Mestre (Vedado, Havana, 1928–1988), both from bourgeois families of Spanish descent.[1]
The Mestre family (descended in the female line from Ferdinand I of León and Castile[citation needed]) have as their patriarch Arnau Mestre, born Landorthe, who married in 1625 in San Pedro de Ribas. One of his descendants, Francisco Mestre y Roig Benaprés (born in 1787 in Sitges) travelled to Cuba in 1830 where he married Josefa Dominguez y Morales (born in 1764, daughter of Andres Domínguez Bencomo and Manuela Morales Ponce de León), being the founder of the Mestre family in Cuba. The Grand Duchess also descends through her father from the Spanish Espinosa de los Monteros noble family.
Her maternal grandparents were Don Agustín Batista y González de Mendoza (Batista family member with possessions in the town of Puerto de Santa María del Príncipe and no family relationship with Fulgencio Batista), Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Trust Company of Cuba and Doña María Teresa Falla Bonet, daughter of the Spanish tycoon Laureano Falla Gutierrez, millionaire businessman whose fortune was made up of several sugar mills, two banks (one of which is "The Trust Company of Cuba") and other goods which were confiscated by the government of the Revolution.
In October 1959, at the time of the revolution, Maria Teresa Mestre left Cuba with her parents. The family settled in New York City, where, as a young girl, she was a pupil at Marymount School. From 1961 she carried on her studies at the Lycée Français de New York. In her childhood, Maria Teresa Mestre took ballet and singing courses. She practices skiing, ice-skating and water sports. She lived in New York City, Santander, Spain, and Geneva.
In 1980 she graduated from the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva with a degree in political sciences.
Social and humanitarian interests[edit]
As a Cuban, the Grand Duchess's first language is Spanish, but she is fluent in French and English, having been raised in the United States and attended a Lycée Français and also studied in Switzerland; she also speaks German and Italian.
In 2006, the Grand Duchess received the Path to Peace Award from a Holy See Foundation for her "relentless contribution to humanitarian causes."
She is the President of the Luxembourg Red Cross.
On 19 April 2007, the Grand Duchess was appointed UNICEF Eminent Advocate for Children,[2] in which role she has visited Brazil (2007),[3] China (2008),[4] and Burundi (2009).[5]
She is a member of the Honorary Board of the International Paralympic Committee.[6]
In October 2016, the Grand Duchess accepted an invitation to join the eminent international Council of Patrons of the Asian University for Women (AUW) in Chittagong, Bangladesh. The University, which is the product of east-west foundational partnerships (Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Open Society Foundation, IKEA Foundation, etc) and regional cooperation, serves extraordinarily talented women from 15 countries across Asia and the Middle East.[7][8]
Family[edit]
Maria Teresa Mestre married Prince Henri of Luxembourg in a civil ceremony on 4 February 1981 and the religious ceremony on 14 February 1981. The consent of the Grand Duke had been previously given on 7 November 1980.
The couple have five children:
The Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg (Guillaume Jean Joseph Marie), born 11 November 1981, married Belgian Countess Stéphanie de Lannoy on 20 October 2012 in Luxembourg.
Prince Félix Léopold Marie Guillaume of Luxembourg, born 3 June 1984, married German Claire Margareta Lademacher on 17 (the civil wedding which took place in Königstein im Taunus, Germany) and 23 (the religious wedding which took place in Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume, France) September 2013.
Princess Amalia Gabriela Maria Teresa of Nassau, born 15 June 2014
Prince Liam Henri Hartmut of Nassau, born 28 November 2016
Prince Louis Xavier Marie Guillaume of Luxembourg, born 3 August 1986, who married Tessy Antony on 29 September 2006 in Gilsdorf, Luxembourg. The couple has two sons:
Prince Gabriel Michael Louis Ronny of Nassau, born 12 March 2006
Prince Noah Etienne Guillaume Gabriel Matthias Xavier of Nassau, born 21 September 2007
Princess Alexandra Joséphine Teresa Charlotte Marie Wilhelmine of Luxembourg, born 16 February 1991
Prince Sébastien Henri Marie Guillaume of Luxembourg, born 16 April 1992
Titles, styles, and honours[edit]
Styles of
Maria Teresa,
Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
[[File:{{{image}}}|frameless]]
Reference style
Her Royal Highness
Spoken style
Your Royal Highness
Alternative style
Ma'am
The Grand Duke Henri, his wife Maria Teresa and his son Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke.
Titles and styles[edit]
From her marriage until her husband's accession on 7 October 2000 she was styled Her Royal Highness The Hereditary Grand Duchess of Luxembourg. Since then, she has been known as Her Royal Highness The Grand Duchess of Luxembourg.
Honours[edit]
See also: List of honours of the Luxembourgish Grand-Ducal Family by country
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
National honours[edit]
Luxembourg: Knight of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau[9][10][11]
Foreign honours[edit]
Austria: Grand Star of the Order of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria[12]
Belgium: Dame Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold I[13][14]
Brazil: Grand Cross of the Order of the Southern Cross[15]
Denmark: Knight of the Order of the Elephant[16][17][18]
Finland: Grand Cross of the Order of the White Rose of Finland[19][20][21]
Greece: Grand Cross of the Order of Beneficence[22]
Italy: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic[23]
Latvia: Grand Cross of the Order of the Three Stars[24]
Netherlands: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion[25][26]
Netherlands: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown[27]
Norway: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Olav[28][29]
Portugal
Portuguese Royal Family: Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Saint Isabel[30][31]
Portugal: Grand Cross of the Order of Christ[32]
Portugal: Grand Cross of the Order of Saint James of the Sword[32]
Portugal: Grand Cross of the Order of Infante Henry[33]
Romania: Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Romania[34]
Spain: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III[35][36]
Sweden: Member Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Seraphim[37][38]
Sweden: Member Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Polar Star[39][40][41]
Sweden: Recipient of the 50th Birthday Badge Medal of King Carl XVI Gustaf[42][43]
Ancestry[edit]
[show]Ancestors of Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
16. Francisco Javier Mestre Domínguez
8. Francisco Mestre y Fernández-Criado
17. María Luisa Fernández-Criado y Gómez
4. José Antonio Mestre y Ramos-Almeyda
18. José Benito Ramos-Almeyda y Marrero
9. Matilde Ramos-Almeyda y Gómez
19. Matilde Gómez Petit
2. José Antonio Mestre Álvarez
20. Lucas Álvarez Guillén
10. Lucas Álvarez Cerice
21. Águeda de la Encarnación Cerice Lima
5. María Narcisa Álvarez Tabío
22. Pablo Tabío Rodríguez
11. Narcisa Tabío y de la Lanza
23. Rosa de la Lanza y Espinosa de los Monteros
1. María Teresa,
Grand Duchess consort of Luxembourg
24. Melchor Batista Caballero
12. Melchor Batista y de Varona
25. Irene de Varona y de la Torre
6. Agustín Batista y González de Mendoza
26. Antonio González de Mendoza y Bonilla
13. Julia González de Mendoza y Pedroso
27. María de las Mercedes Pedroso y Montalvo
3. María Teresa Batista Falla
28. Juan Manuel Falla y Gutiérrez
14. Laureano Falla Gutiérrez
29. Isabel Juana Gutiérrez Diego
7. María Teresa Falla Bonet
30. Cristóbal Bonet y Pi-Mauri
15. María Dolores Bonet y Mora
31. María Adelaida de Mora y González de Ávila
Footnotes[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.wargs.com/royal/mestre.html Ancestry of Maria Teresa Mestre (b. 1956), Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
Jump up ^ "HRH Grand Duchess of Luxembourg becomes Eminent Advocate for Children". UNICEF. Retrieved 2016-01-23.
Jump up ^ "UNICEF Eminent Advocate for Children visits AIDS projects in São Paulo". UNICEF. Retrieved 2016-01-23.
Jump up ^ "Summer camp aims to help children in China affected by AIDS". UNICEF. Retrieved 2016-01-23.
Jump up ^ "Grand Duchess Maria Teresa of Luxembourg visits Burundi". UNICEF. Retrieved 2016-01-23.
Jump up ^ "Honorary Board". IPC.
Jump up ^ "Her Royal Highness Grand-Duchess of Luxembourg Joins the Asian University for Women Council of Patrons". finance.yahoo.com.
Jump up ^ "CURRICULUM VITAE OF HER ROYAL HIGHNESS GRAND DUCHESS MARIA TERESA OF LUXEMBOURG" (PDF). monarchie.lu. line feed character in |title= at position 20 (help)
Jump up ^ Official photo of the Grand-Ducal couple
Jump up ^ The Royal Correspondent
Jump up ^ "Luxarazzi: New Family Portraits of the Grand Ducal Family". lux-arazzi.blogspot.co.uk. Retrieved 2016-01-23.
Jump up ^ "L'actualité des royautés, "Henri et Maria Teresa en Autriche"" (in French). Retrieved 2 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Group Photo
Jump up ^ Photo with Order of Leopold illustrating an article of "Noblesse et Royautes" website Archived 2012-12-20 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ DECRETO DE 3 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2007 - website JusBrasil
Jump up ^ Borger.dk Archived 2013-12-07 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Diamonds and sapphires: Stephanie's tiara choices". hellomagazine.com. Retrieved 2016-01-23.
Jump up ^ Noblesse et Royautés, "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-03-17. Retrieved 2012-10-01. article about grand-ducal jewels
Jump up ^ President of Finland
Jump up ^ Alamy
Jump up ^ Tumblr
Jump up ^ www.gouvernement.lu/ Archived 2013-01-10 at the Wayback Machine., State visit of President Stephanopoulos in Luxembourg, July 2001
Jump up ^ "Noblesse et Royautes" website Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine., State visit of Italian President Napolitano in Luxembourg, february 2009
Jump up ^ Latvian Presidency, Recipients list (.doc)
Jump up ^ The royal forums, State visit of Luxembourg to Netherlands, 2006, Photo
Jump up ^ "Noblesse et Royautes" website Archived 2012-04-24 at the Wayback Machine., State visit of Queen Beatrix in Luxembourg, 21-23 march 2012
Jump up ^ "Royal Bling". Pinterest. Retrieved 2016-01-23.
Jump up ^ "Noblesse et Royautes" website Archived 2011-08-24 at the Wayback Machine., State visit of Grand-Dukes in Norway, 30 May - 1 June 2011
Jump up ^ "Grand Duchess Maria Teresa and King Carl gustaf of Sweden arrive for...". Getty Images. Retrieved 2016-01-23.
Jump up ^ Order of Saint Isabel
Jump up ^ Noblesse et Royautes, Order of Saint Isabel awarded to several Gotha personalities
^ Jump up to: a b Portugal Presidency, Decorations to foreigners, (type "Maria Teresa" then "Pesquisar")
Jump up ^ State visit in Louxembourg
Jump up ^ Romanian Presidency website, Recipients of the order (Excel sheet)
Jump up ^ Boletín Oficial del Estado
Jump up ^ Spanish Royal Family website, State visit of Juan Carlos & Sofia in Luxembourg, April 2007, Photo of the Sovereign couples
Jump up ^ "Noblesse et Royautes" website Archived 2011-01-23 at the Wayback Machine., Victoria of Sweden's wedding, June 2010
Jump up ^ Blogspot
Jump up ^ "revue.lu - Hochzeit des Jahres". Pinterest. Retrieved 2016-01-23.
Jump up ^ "Diamonds and sapphires: Stephanie's tiara choices". hellomagazine.com. Retrieved 2016-01-23.
Jump up ^ Tiaras and trianon
Jump up ^ Gettyimages
Jump up ^ Royaux Suedois
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg.
Official website
Ancestry of Maria Teresa Mestre (b. 1956), Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
The Mentor Foundation charity website
Luxembourgish royalty
Preceded by
Princess Joséphine Charlotte of Belgium Grand Duchess consort of Luxembourg
Duchess consort of Nassau
2000 – present Incumbent
[show]
v
t
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Princesses of Luxembourg by marriage
The generations are numbered from the ascension of Adolphe as Grand Duke of Luxembourg in 1890.
1st generation
Infanta Maria Ana of Portugal*
2nd generation
None
3rd generation
Princess Joséphine Charlotte of Belgium*^
Joan Douglas Dillon*^
4th generation
Maria Teresa Mestre y Batista*
Sibilla Weiller y Torlonia*
Julie Ongaro*
5th generation
Countess Stéphanie de Lannoy*
Claire Lademacher*
Tessy Antony**
6th generation
None
* also a princess of Nassau by marriage
^also a princess of Bourbon-Parma by marriage
** title lost due to divorce
[show]
v
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Princesses of Nassau by marriage
The generations are numbered from the ascension of William as Duke of Nassau in 1816.
1st generation
None
2nd generation
Infanta Maria Ana of Portugal*
3rd generation
None
4th generation
Princess Joséphine Charlotte of Belgium*^
Joan Douglas Dillon*^
5th generation
María Teresa Mestre y Batista-Falla*
Sibilla Weiller y Torlonia*
Julie Ongaro*
6th generation
Countess Stéphanie de Lannoy*^
Tessy Antony*^
Claire Lademacher*
7th generation
None
* also a princess of Luxembourg by marriage
^also a princess of Bourbon-Parma by marriage
[show]
v
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Ducal consorts of Nassau
María Teresa Mestre y Batista-Falla*^ (2000-)
Princess Joséphine Charlotte of Belgium*^ (1964–2000)
Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma**# (1919–1964)
Infanta Maria Ana of Portugal*^ (1905–1912)
Princess Adelheid-Marie of Anhalt-Dessau*^ (1890–1905)
Grand Duchess Elizabeth Mikhailovna of Russia (1844–1845)
Princess Pauline of Württemberg (1829–1839)
Princess Louise of Saxe-Hildburghausen¶ (1816–1825)
* denotes titular Duchess
** denotes titular Prince consort
^ Also Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
# Also Prince consort of Luxembourg
¶ Also Princess consort of Nassau-Weilburg
[show]
v
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Grand Ducal consorts of Luxembourg
María Teresa Mestre y Batista-Falla (2000-)
Princess Joséphine Charlotte of Belgium (1964–2000)
Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma (1919–1964)
Infanta Maria Ana of Portugal (1905–1912)
Princess Adelheid-Marie of Anhalt-Dessau (1890–1905)
Princess Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont (1879–1890)
Princess Sophie of Württemberg (1849–1877)
Grand Duchess Anna Pavlovna of Russia (1840–1849)
Princess Wilhelmine of Prussia (1815–1837)
[show]
v
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Current consorts of sovereigns
Africa
Lalla Salma
'Masenate Mohato Seeiso
Asia
Michiko
Rania
Sabika
Saleha
Jetsun Pema
Europe
Philip
Sonja
Silvia
Henrik
Máxima
Mathilde
Maria Teresa
Letizia
Charlene
Marie
North America
Philip
Oceania
Nanasipauʻu
Philip
See also : List of current sovereign monarchs - Category:Royal consorts - Category:Queens consort
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 63561536
LCCN: no00100394
ISNI: 0000 0000 7878 0669
GND: 133326632
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maria_Teresa,_Grand_Duchess_of_Luxembourg&oldid=806279258"
Categories:
1956 births
Living people
People from Havana
Grand Ducal Consorts of Luxembourg
University of Geneva alumni
Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni
Spanish nobility
Cuban nobility
Lycée Français de New York alumni
Knights of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau
Grand Crosses of the Order of Beneficence (Greece)
Grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal)
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint James of the Sword
Grand Crosses of the Order of the Southern Cross
Grand Crosses of the Order of the Star of Romania
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
Recipients of the Grand Star of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria
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Cuban people of European descent
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2016 Ballon d'Or
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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2016 Ballon d'Or winner Cristiano Ronaldo
The 2016 Ballon d'Or is an award given to the best-performing football player around the world in 2016.
In September 2016, France Football announced that their partnership with FIFA for the FIFA Ballon d'Or award had come to an end and that they would revive the Ballon d'Or award, treating the 2016 edition as the 61st award.[1]
France Football announced that they would publish a shortlist of 30 players across six announcements with two hour intervals on 24 October 2016. On 12 December 2016, Cristiano Ronaldo won the award by a record margin of 429 points ahead of second placed Lionel Messi and Antoine Griezmann, who came third.[2][3]
There were 173 voters. All were journalists, in a change from previous years, and each voter was from a different country.[4] Each voter voted for three players who received 5 points, 3 points and one point respectively.
Ronaldo scored 745 points out of a maximum possible of 865. It was his fourth Ballon d'Or, the most of any European player in the history of the award.
Rankings[edit]
Sources:[5][6][7][8]
Rank
Player
Club(s)
Points
1 Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo (POR) Real Madrid 745
2 Messi, LionelLionel Messi (ARG) Barcelona 316
3 Griezmann, AntoineAntoine Griezmann (FRA) Atlético Madrid 198
4 Suárez, LuisLuis Suárez (URU) Barcelona 91
5 Neymar (BRA) Barcelona 68
6 Bale, GarethGareth Bale (WAL) Real Madrid 60
7 Mahrez, RiyadRiyad Mahrez (ALG) Leicester City 20
8 Vardy, JamieJamie Vardy (ENG) Leicester City 11
9 Buffon, GianluigiGianluigi Buffon (ITA) Juventus 8
Pepe (POR) Real Madrid 8
11 Aubameyang, Pierre-EmerickPierre-Emerick Aubameyang (GAB) Borussia Dortmund 7
12 Patrício, RuiRui Patrício (POR) Sporting CP 6
13 Ibrahimović, ZlatanZlatan Ibrahimović (SWE) Paris Saint-Germain
Manchester United 5
14 Pogba, PaulPaul Pogba (FRA) Juventus
Manchester United 4
Vidal, ArturoArturo Vidal (CHI) Bayern Munich 4
16 Lewandowski, RobertRobert Lewandowski (POL) Bayern Munich 3
17 Kroos, ToniToni Kroos (GER) Real Madrid 1
Modrić, LukaLuka Modrić (CRO) Real Madrid 1
Payet, DimitriDimitri Payet (FRA) West Ham United 1
20 Agüero, SergioSergio Agüero (ARG) Manchester City 0
De Bruyne, KevinKevin De Bruyne (BEL) Manchester City 0
Dybala, PauloPaulo Dybala (ARG) Juventus 0
Godín, DiegoDiego Godín (URU) Atlético Madrid 0
Higuaín, GonzaloGonzalo Higuaín (ARG) Napoli
Juventus 0
Iniesta, AndrésAndrés Iniesta (ESP) Barcelona 0
Koke (ESP) Atlético Madrid 0
Lloris, HugoHugo Lloris (FRA) Tottenham Hotspur 0
Müller, ThomasThomas Müller (GER) Bayern Munich 0
Neuer, ManuelManuel Neuer (GER) Bayern Munich 0
Ramos, SergioSergio Ramos (ESP) Real Madrid 0
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Nouvelle donne pour le Ballon d'Or" (in French). France Football. 16 September 2016.
Jump up ^ "Ballon d'Or France Football 2016 : rendez-vous à partir de lundi matin à 8 heures sur FF.fr et dès mardi dans FF pour découvrir la liste des 30 nommés" (in French). France Football. 24 October 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Cristiano Ronaldo wins Ballon d'Or for the fourth time". Guardian. 12 December 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
Jump up ^ https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2016/12/12/ballon-dor-2016-results-final-rankings-cristiano-ronaldo-swoops/
Jump up ^ "Ballon d'Or France Football : de Sergio Agüero à Cristiano Ronaldo, voici les cinq premiers nommés de la liste des 30". France Football (in French). 24 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Ballon d'Or France Football 2016 : De Kevin De Bruyne à Gonzalo Higuain (2/6)". France Football (in French). 24 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Ballon d'Or France Football : voici la troisième partie de la liste des 30". France Football (in French). 24 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Ballon d'Or France Football 2016, : Cristiano Ronaldo, Messi, Griezmann, Pogba... Le classement complet". France Football (in French). Retrieved 2016-12-12.
[hide]
v
t
e
Ballon d'Or
France Football magazine award
Ballon d'Or (1956–2009)
1956: Matthews
1957: Di Stéfano
1958: Kopa
1959: Di Stéfano
1960: Suárez
1961: Sívori
1962: Masopust
1963: Yashin
1964: Law
1965: Eusébio
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1969: Rivera
1970: Müller
1971: Cruyff
1972: Beckenbauer
1973: Cruyff
1974: Cruyff
1975: Blokhin
1976: Beckenbauer
1977: Simonsen
1978: Keegan
1979: Keegan
1980: Rummenigge
1981: Rummenigge
1982: Rossi
1983: Platini
1984: Platini
1985: Platini
1986: Belanov
1987: Gullit
1988: Van Basten
1989: Van Basten
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1991: Papin
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1993: Baggio
1994: Stoichkov
1995: Weah
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1998: Zidane
1999: Rivaldo
2000: Figo
2001: Owen
2002: Ronaldo
2003: Nedvěd
2004: Shevchenko
2005: Ronaldinho
2006: Cannavaro
2007: Kaká
2008: C. Ronaldo
2009: Messi
FIFA Ballon d'Or (2010–2015)
2010: Messi
2011: Messi
2012: Messi
2013: C. Ronaldo
2014: C. Ronaldo
2015: Messi
Ballon d'Or (2016–present)
2016: C. Ronaldo
2017: C. Ronaldo
FIFA World Player of the Year (1991–2009)
FIFA Ballon d'Or (2010–2015)
The Best FIFA Men's Player (2016–present)
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Minnesota State Fair
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Coordinates: 44°58′52″N 93°10′5″W / 44.98111°N 93.16806°W / 44.98111; -93.16806
Minnesota State Fair
The State Fair Gopher 'Fairchild' greets fairgoers.
Genre
State fair
Dates
12 days before and including Labor Day
Location(s)
Falcon Heights, Minnesota
Years active
1859–Present
(excluding 1861, 1862, 1893, 1945, 1946)
Attendance
2,046,533 (2018)[1]
Website
www.mnstatefair.org
The Minnesota State Fair is the state fair of the U.S. state of Minnesota. Its slogan is "The Great Minnesota Get-Together." It is the largest state fair in the United States by average daily attendance.[2] It is also the second-largest state fair in the United States[3] by total attendance, trailing only the State Fair of Texas, which generally runs twice as long as the Minnesota State Fair.[4] The state fairgrounds, adjoining the Saint Paul campus of the University of Minnesota, are in Falcon Heights, Minnesota, midway between the state's capital city of St. Paul and its largest city, Minneapolis, near the Como Park and Saint Anthony Park neighborhoods of Saint Paul. Residents of the state and region come to the fair to be entertained, exhibit their best livestock, show off their abilities in a variety of fields including art and cooking, learn about new products and services, and eat many different types of food—often on a stick. The fair runs for twelve days from late August into early September, ending on Labor Day. The Minnesota State Fair was named the best state fair in the United States in 2015 by readers of USA Today.[5]
The Minnesota State Fair is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the area. Around two million people attend the Fair annually[6]. Attendance in 2018 was a record 2,046,533 people.[1] The highest daily attendance in the history of the fair was 270,426 visitors on Saturday, September 1, 2018.[7]
Contents
1 History
2 Attractions
2.1 Livestock
2.2 Food
2.3 Machinery Hill
2.4 Shows
2.5 Art
2.6 Milk run
2.7 4-H
2.8 Science
3 Entertainment
3.1 Music
3.2 Permanent rides
3.3 Temporary rides
4 Management
5 J.V. Bailey House
6 Mascots
7 Attendance records
8 Off-season use
9 Gallery
10 References
11 External links
History[edit]
1910 Minnesota State Fair postcard
Minnesota Territory first held a Territorial Fair in 1854, although the first Minnesota State Fair didn't occur until 1859, the year after statehood. Since then, the fair has run annually except for five different years. In 1861 and 1862, the fair was not held because of the Civil War and the Dakota War of 1862. Scheduling issues between the fair and the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois caused the 1893 show to be canceled. The fair again closed because of war in 1945, as fuel was in short supply. It was again closed in 1946 because of an outbreak of polio.[8] In its early years during the 19th century, the fair was held in many different locations. Some were not far from the current site, but others were held in Greater Minnesota, including years where it was held in Rochester, Owatonna, and Winona. For a time in the 1870s, the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul held competing fairs. Minneapolis, the younger city of the pair, eventually outdid its neighbor by staging the larger fair with the help of William S. King.[9] In 1884, a committee was put together by the Minnesota State Agricultural Society to select a permanent site. One site that was considered was an area around Minnehaha Falls, but the final site chosen was the Ramsey County Poor Farm, the fair's current site. It was a politically neutral site, being about halfway between Minneapolis and St. Paul. The fair first opened its doors there on September 7, 1885. The site was then 210 acres (0.8 km²), but now stands at 322 acres (1.3 km²)[10].
Linda Christensen sculpting Princess Kay in 2010
One of the first annual events to occur is the creation of a butter sculpture. Each year, a new Princess Kay of the Milky Way is selected to promote Minnesota's dairy industry. Part of the job involves posing for several hours in a walk-in, glass-walled refrigerator as a 90-pound (41 kg) block of butter is carved into a head with her likeness. Butter makers started sculpting their products at the fair as far back as 1898, although the head-sculpting tradition didn't begin until 1964.
The main entrance to the fair from Snelling Avenue heads onto a road named Dan Patch Avenue for a pacer horse who won every race he ran in from 1900 to 1909 when he was retired.
One of the most significant dates in the fair's history was September 2, 1901, when then-Vice President Theodore Roosevelt was visiting and first uttered the famous phrase, "Speak softly and carry a big stick." Roosevelt became president just 12 days later after William McKinley was assassinated. In 1925, the Minnesota State Fair was the site of the Norse-American Centennial celebration. During his appearance at the Norse-American Centennial, President Calvin Coolidge gave recognition to the contributions of Scandinavian-Americans and noted Leif Erikson as the discoverer of America.[11]
In 1967, attendance was well over a million people and the record day that year was about 197,000 visitors. By 2016, attendance neared 2 million and the record day was about a quarter-million people.[12]
2018 was another record year for the Fair. The overall attendance record of 2,046,533 was set along with an all-time single-day attendance record of 270,426 on the second Saturday. [13]
Attractions[edit]
Livestock[edit]
A large portion of the Fairgrounds are occupied by livestock barns, where various farm animals are displayed. The animals and their owners take part in livestock shows to compete for awards. Most of the shows take place in the coliseum, a large indoor arena on the fairgrounds. The Coliseum was constructed to replace the Hippodrome, which was rendered structurally unsound during its use as a Propeller Plant by the A.O. Smith Corporation during WWII and razed in 1946, and was completed for use in the 1951 fair.[14] Open class livestock competitions are held in horses, beef cattle, dairy cattle, swine, sheep, dairy goats, llamas, poultry (chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys, pigeons) rabbits, and stock dogs.[15] On August 31, 2007, a bull escaped from its handler charging several fairgoers before fatally injuring itself charging a fire hydrant. No people were seriously injured in the mishap.[16]
Food[edit]
A stand selling cheese curds
One of the primary attractions at the State Fair is the wide variety of foods to be had.[original research?] Classic fair foods such as cotton candy and hot dogs are available. Some foods reflect Minnesota's agriculture, including cheese curds, milk shakes, and corn dogs. Many foods at the fair are deep fried or come on a stick; from the classic corn dog to alligator-on-a-stick, lobster-on-a-stick, and deep fried candy bar on a stick. New to the fair in 2006 was hotdish on a stick, a variant of a classic staple of Minnesotan cuisine. In 2007, one new food was spaghetti on a stick. 2008's new foods included two types of bacon, one called "Pig Lickers", which is chocolate covered, and the other, called the "Big Fat Bacon", a quarter pound of maple glazed bacon. Another staple of the state fair is “Sweet Martha’s Cookies” a stand that serves fresh and warm chocolate chip cookies in buckets.[17]
In 2018, 27 new foods were introduced to the Minnesota State Fair including Firecracker Shrimp Stuffed Avocado, Honey Cream Soda Float, Mangonada Shaved Ice, Messy Giuseppe, Nordic Waffles, Smoked Soft Serve Ice Cream, and the UpNorth Puff Pastry.[18]
Machinery Hill[edit]
Machinery Hill is a large area of the fairgrounds. For several decades, it held the largest annual display of farm equipment in the world, with many companies showing off tractors, combines, and various attachments. However, modern displays generally focus on cars, trucks, lawn mowers, hot tubs and recreational machines like motorbikes. Farm implement dealers tend to direct their efforts to more targeted "farm shows," abandoning the State Fair to more urban or suburban types of exhibitors. Machinery Hill also contains an interactive exhibit for kids called Little Farm Hands. In this exhibit, children get to experience life on the farm from planting seeds to selling goods at the farmers market. [19]
Shows[edit]
A Prairie Home Companion live at the grandstand
The State Fair is host to numerous shows, including concerts, comedy shows, product demonstrations, and the State Fair Talent Contest. The Grandstand is a large outdoor concert hall that also features 3 floors of interior exhibition space. It hosts the largest of the fairs concerts and until 2002 was also the site of stock car races run on a small oval track. In 2003 the facility completed the first phase of a $35 million remodeling project that removed large sections of bleachers and increased seating capacity to 17,000.[20] Most local television and radio stations set up temporary studios at the State Fair in their permanent buildings or booths, including for example a live broadcast of Garrison Keillor's A Prairie Home Companion. As of 2013, the Grandstand hosts the Walker Art Center's Internet Cat Video Festival, in which fairgoers watch the year's most popular cat videos and memes and award the best videos with cat trophies, the most prized being the Golden Kitty.[citation needed] Guest appearances have included Grumpy Cat and Lil Bub, two internet stars, as well as the creator of Nyan Cat, Christopher Torres. The festival began in 2012.
Art[edit]
The fair displays an annual art exhibition that is the result of a juried competition of works of fine art. Media include watercolor, oil, and acrylic paintings, photographs, sculptures, pastels, ceramics, glass, and textiles. Entrants must be living residents of the state. In 2010, a total of 2,330 pieces were submitted, and 413 works were accepted. Jeffery Gauss won the coveted People's Choice award with his "MicroDoodle Topiary", and "Dog Park" by Arden Harrison Bushnell won the Kid's Choice award.[21]
One unusual display at the fair consists of the entrants in the Crop art competition. The artwork must be made of plant matter (seeds, stems, flowers, fruit, etc.) suitable for growing in Minnesota.[22] For decades the display was dominated by Owatonna native Lillian Colton (1912–2007), who created seed portraits, professionally,[23] having effectively captured scores of celebrities such as Ernest Hemingway, Barbra Streisand, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prince, Princess Diana, and Willie Nelson in her crop art. After winning nine purple ribbons, she stopped competing, but continued displaying her work at the fair.[24]
Competitions galore cover dozens of categories in needlecraft, garment-making, wood-working, models, painting, doll-making, taxidermy, stamp-collecting, scrapbooking, baking, food preservation, etc.[25]
Milk run[edit]
The annual 5 km run begins on the fairgrounds, winds its way through the Saint Paul campus of the University of Minnesota and the Saint Anthony Park neighborhood, and ends back at the fairgrounds.[26]
4-H[edit]
4-H[27] has a significant presence at the fair, both in the 4-H Building and in the animal barns and arenas. Contests include herdsmanship, showmanship, judging teams, public presentations and county club exhibits. Livestock displays include beef and dairy cattle, dairy and market goats, poultry (chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys, and pigeons), rabbits, sheep, and swine.[28] About half of all 4-H projects entered are animal science projects. The 4-H building was opened and dedicated in 1939[29] about 320,000 state fairgoers visit it every year. The non-livestock projects include photography, performing arts, crafts, food & nutrition, clothing & textiles, and many more.
Science[edit]
In recent years the Progress Center has been housing the Eco Experience exhibit, which features activities and exhibits including the design and construction of an eco-friendly house, a rain garden, exhibits addressing climate change, energy conservation, renewable energy, biodiesel fuel and vehicles, and organic farming. The exhibit has received awards from the Western Fair Association, the International Associate of Fairs and Expositions, and the Minnesota Environmental Initiative.[30]
Entertainment[edit]
Music[edit]
Every year there are many musical venues. The most notable venue being the Grandstand which has a capacity of up to 17,000, and has featured headliners such as Alabama, Christina Aguilera, Backstreet Boys, Bob Dylan, Boston, Sheryl Crow, Foreigner, Aretha Franklin, Def Leppard, KISS, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Demi Lovato, Tim McGraw, Mötley Crüe, REO Speedwagon, Rush, Santana, Blake Shelton, Styx, James Taylor, Carrie Underwood, "Weird Al" Yankovic, John Mellencamp, and Usher, featuring Lil'John (2017). There are also many free entertainment venues featuring local bands and a selection of national acts. Entertainment stages include the Leinie Lodge Bandshell, the Schell's Stage at Schilling Amphitheater and the International Bazaar Stage, In 2010, Boyz II Men performed 2 nights at one of the free venues. Performers for the Leinie Lodge scheduled for 2015 include Lou Gramm "The Voice Of Foreigner", and several other national acts. The Cobras, a blues quartet, were slated to appear twice in 2016 at the French Creperie on Carnes Avenue.[needs update]
Permanent rides[edit]
There are several rides that are permanent fixtures at the fair, including the Giant Slide, on which fairgoers ride down a large fiberglass slide on burlap sacks. The Skyride is an aerial lift ride that carried fairgoers across the grounds in a gondola. The Space Tower is a gyro tower that rotates as it lifts people over 300 feet in the air, giving views of the Minneapolis/St. Paul area. There is also a haunted house, located on Judson Ave, a water raft ride, and log chute. The fair's oldest ride, Ye Old Mill (opened in 1915), is located near the food building. It is a tunnel of love style ride that caters to all ages.[tone]
Temporary rides[edit]
The Midway
The Midway is a carnival-like setting that contains most of the rides at the State Fair. The attractions include several funhouses, roller coasters and other thrill rides as well as numerous games of skill.
Adventure Park is where the more extreme thrill rides are located.[citation needed] This includes the Ejection Seat and other rides like it. It is located across the street from the Midway, but is not a part of it. Adventure park also shares this block with a french fry stand.[citation needed]
Kidway is the carnival area on the fairgrounds geared toward children. Kidway is located between Dan Patch and Wright Avenues on the north end of the fairgrounds.
Management[edit]
The Minnesota State Fair is considered a quasi-state agency, under the direction of the Minnesota State Agricultural Society. The management of the fair is handled by the Board of managers. The state fair has not accepted any governmental funds since 1949. Revenue from the fair is reinvested into maintenance and the next year's fair.
The Minnesota State Fair Foundation is an organization that works to improve and preserves historic state fair buildings. The foundation is a 501(c)3 organization, and also supports State Fair agricultural, scientific and educational programs. The foundation provided funding for the new Miracle of Birth center.
The Fair employs about 80 full-time staff members for the entire year; in the summer, some 400 seasonal staff are hired. During the fair-time, around 3,000 people are additionally hired[31].
J.V. Bailey House[edit]
The restored J.V. Bailey House
The J.V. Bailey House, at 1263 Cosgrove Street, is one of the oldest buildings on the fairgrounds. It was built in 1911 and restoration was completed in 2006. It is connected to the greenhouses and was occupied year-round by the greenhouse superintendent until 2004. The State Fair Foundation operates out of the residence. The historic residence is open to Foundation donors and their family and friends during the fair.[32]
Mascots[edit]
The fair's mascots are two anthropomorphized gophers. The choice of gopher as mascots was an homage to the University of Minnesota mascot which is also a gopher and was a historical reference to the expansion of railroads in Minnesota, towns popping up across the state like gophers.[33] For these reasons, Minnesota is sometimes referred to as the gopher state.[34] Fairchild, the original mascot, was suggested in a statewide contest by Gladys Anderson Brown in 1966 in honor of Henry S. Fairchild who advocated using the former Ramsey County Poor Farm as the permanent site of the fair.[35] Dressed like an early barker on the midway with a straw hat and striped jacket, Fairchild has represented the fair since 1966. In 1986, he was joined on promotional materials by his nephew, Fairborn.[36]
Attendance records[edit]
Day
Attendance[37]
Year
First Thursday
122,965 2018
First Friday
141,023 2016
First Saturday
222,194 2018
First Sunday
209,969 1994
First Monday
144,504 2017
First Tuesday
133,595 2014
First Wednesday
144,940 2018
Second Thursday
156,764 2018
Second Friday
187,066 2017
Second Saturday
270,426 2018
Second Sunday
242,759 2017
Second Monday (Labor Day)
178,867 2015
Entire Fair
2,046,533 2018
Off-season use[edit]
Walter Mondale (center) and John F. Kennedy (right) at the Fairground's Coliseum, 1962
The fairgrounds is heavily used for events beyond the Fair. These include many horse shows in the Coliseum & Horse Barn, the Minnesota Horse Expo and the Minnesota Beef Expo, dog shows, antique & hot-rod car shows, motorcycle shows, model railroad shows, clothing & jewellery shows, gun & weapon collectors shows, comic book conventions, flea markets & swap meets, and more. Buildings on the grounds are frequently rented for commercial events such as appliance sales, computer & electronics sales, and boat & car sales. Earlier in the summer, some of the fairground's roads are used to host an annual series of bike races during the week, called the State Fair Affair Criterium Series.
In addition, many of the buildings are rented for winter storage of boats, camping trailers, and similar equipment.
Rental fees for such off-season use of the fairgrounds is a major source of revenue for the State Fair, often surpassing the profits from the Fair itself.
The Coliseum was the home rink for many college and high school hockey teams. After 40 years and a few thousand games the facility saw its final game played in February, 2014.
Gallery[edit]
Audrey Mohr of New Ulm, Minnesota (right), Princess Kay of the Milky Way 2006–2007
Showing a Holstein cow
Draft horses
Skyglider, Machinery Hill
The Fine Arts and 4-H buildings
Jams, jellies and honeys
The Giant Slide
August 2010 crowd
Breads and baked goods
August 25, 2007
Golden Gopher Spirit Squads during the Maroon and Gold Day Parade in 2003
Daytime crowd at the Fair
Television interview during the 2006 Fair
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Smith, Mary Lynn (September 4, 2018). "Minnesota State Fair breaks attendance record, surpasses 2 million for first time". Star Tribune.
Jump up ^ "Detailed Daily Attendance". Minnesota State Fair. Retrieved 2014-09-02.
Jump up ^ http://www.carnivalwarehouse.com/lists/2010list.pdf
Jump up ^ "Fiscal Notes, September 2003". Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts. September 2003. Retrieved 2007-07-17.
Jump up ^ http://www.10best.com/awards/travel/best-state-fair/
Jump up ^ "Minnesota State Fair".
Jump up ^ "Minnesota State Fair Sets 1-Day Attendance Record Saturday".
Jump up ^ "Minnesota state fair 2006 press kit" (PDF) (Press release). Minnesota state fair. 2006. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
Jump up ^ Marling, Karal Ann (1990). Blue Ribbon: A Social and Pictorial History of the Minnesota State Fair. Minnesota Historical Society Press. ISBN 978-0-87351-252-7.
Jump up ^ "About the Fair". Minnesota State Fair. 8 May 2018.
Jump up ^ The 1925 Norse-American Immigration Centennial and Ethnic Identity (April Schultz. Norwegian-American Historical Association. Volume 33: Page 267)
Jump up ^ Roper, Eric (September 5, 2017). "Minnesota State Fair on track to set attendance record". Minneapolis Star Tribune. Retrieved September 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ https://www.mnstatefair.org/about-the-fair/attendance/
Jump up ^ Speer, Ray P. (1964). Minnesota State Fair: The History and Heritage of 100 Years. Argus Publishing Company. pp. 237, 271.
Jump up ^ "Open Class Livestock". Minnesota State Fair. 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-17.
Jump up ^ "Bull Escapes At Minnesota State Fair". WCCO. 2007-08-31. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-08-31.
Jump up ^ "new tastes, their takes". twincities.com. St. Paul Pioneer Press. 2008-08-28. pp. 10E.
Jump up ^ https://assets.mnstatefair.org/pdf/18-new-food.pdf
Jump up ^ "Minnesota State Fair | Little Farm Hands". www.mnstatefair.org. Retrieved 2018-02-02.
Jump up ^ Cunningham, Greta (2003-08-18). "State Fair Grandstand to get a facelift". Minnesota Public Radio. Retrieved 2006-09-30.
Jump up ^ "Fine Arts". Minnesota State Fair. 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-17.
Jump up ^ "Ag-Hort-Bee Rules and Premiums" (PDF). Minnesota State Fair. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-07-17.
Jump up ^ "A remembrance of the Seed Lady". MPR. 2007-03-22. Retrieved 2007-07-17.
Jump up ^ "Crop Art". David Steinlicht. Retrieved 2007-07-17.
Jump up ^ "Creative Activities - Rules and Premiums" (PDF). Minnesota State Fair. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-07-17.
Jump up ^ "Milk Run". Minnesota State Fair. 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-17.
Jump up ^ "Minnesota State 4-H". Minnesota State 4-H. 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-28.
Jump up ^ "4-H Livestock". Minnesota State Fair. 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-17.
Jump up ^ Speer, Ray P. (1964). Minnesota State Fair: A History and Heritage of 100 Years. Argus Publishing Company. p. 203.
Jump up ^ "The Eco Experience at the Minnesota State Fair". Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-17.
Jump up ^ "About the Fair". Minnesota State Fair.
Jump up ^ "J.V. Bailey House". Placeography.com. Retrieved 2008-08-29.
Jump up ^ "Minnesota State Fair History" (PDF). Minnesota State Fair. Minnesota State Agricultural Society. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "Minnesota Moment: Why we're called the Gopher State". Star Tribune. Star Tribune Media Company, LLC. February 16, 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
Jump up ^ Berdan, Kathy (August 25, 2016). "Q&A: Usually mute Fairchild is funnier – and punnier – than we thought". Twin Cities Pioneer Press. Digital First Media. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
Jump up ^ Marling, Karal Ann (1990). Blue Ribbon: A Social and Pictorial History of the Minnesota State Fair. St. Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society Press. p. 234. ISBN 978-0-87351-252-7.
Jump up ^ "Attendance". www.mnstatefair.org. Minnesota State Fair Attendance. Retrieved 2018-09-04.
External links[edit]
Minnesota portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Minnesota State Fair.
Minnesota State Fair: Origins and Traditions in MNopedia, the Minnesota Encyclopedia
Minnesota State Fair
Minnesota State Fair Foundation
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Investigation Discovery
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the US channel. For the European channel, see Investigation Discovery Europe.
Investigation Discovery
Launched
October 7, 1996; 21 years ago (1996-10-07)
Owned by
Discovery Communications
Picture format
1080i (HDTV)
480i (SDTV)
Country
United States
Headquarters
Maryland U.S.
Formerly called
Discovery Civilization Network: The World History and Geography Channel
(1996–98)
Discovery Civilization Channel
(1998–2003)
Discovery Times
(2003–08)
Sister channel(s)
Discovery Channel
TLC
Animal Planet
OWN
Destination America
Discovery Life
Discovery Family
American Heroes Channel
Science
Velocity
Website
InvestigationDiscovery.com
CrimeFeed.com (Official Blog)
Availability
Dish Network (US)
192 (HD/SD)
4DTV C-Band
Satcom F3-Channel 614 (DC-2 Digital)
Westar 5-Channel 252 (HITS2Home DC-2)
DirecTV (US)
285 (HD/SD)
Cable
Comcast
889 (HD) 111 (SD)
Verizon FiOS
623 (HD)
123 (SD)
IPTV
AT&T U-verse
1260 (HD)
260 (SD)
Streaming media
TVPlayer
Watch live (UK only) (TVPlayer Plus subscription required)
PlayStation Vue
Internet Protocol television
Investigation Discovery (often abbreviated ID) is an American television network owned by Discovery Communications that features documentary-style programming dealing with true crime subjects, mostly those of a violent nature (primarily homicides, but also kidnappings, stalkings, sexual assaults, domestic violence, and disappearances). As of February 2015, approximately 86,062,000 American households (73.9% of households with television) receive Investigation Discovery.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Programming
3 International versions
4 References
5 External links
History[edit]
The channel launched in 1996 under the name Discovery Civilization Network: The World History and Geography Channel. It was one of four digital networks rolled out by Discovery Communications simultaneously in October 1996.[2] Plans for the channel had surfaced in November 1994, when its working name was "Time Traveler".[3]
Former logo, used from January 2008 to March 2012.
In April 2002, New York Times Television and Discovery Communications announced a joint venture to run the Discovery Civilization Channel. By then, it was available in 14 million households. The partnership aimed to complement the historical shows, with programming about current events and contemporary history.[4] On March 25, 2003, the channel was rebranded as Discovery Times, focusing more on American culture and programming pertaining to the well-being and culture of the people of the United States, as well as other miscellaneous programming. The previous name was described as "is a little off-message" by executives.[5] In April 2006, The New York Times sold its stake in Discovery Times back to Discovery Communications, ending its ownership in the channel.[6]
Also in 2006, the network's on-air identity was re-branded by creative studio Trollbäck + Company. On January 27, 2008, Discovery Times was renamed "Investigation Discovery".[7] In addition to the television network, an Investigation Discovery website was also launched. Contributors to the website include crime writers David Lohr, Corey Mitchell, and Gary C. King.[citation needed] In 2016 Investigation Discovery Channel covered the murder of Malika Wiloughby on the Unraveled series co-starring actor and recording artist Tavion Tate Guice aka Tavion Millioune as Willie.
In 2016, owing to a resurgence in popularity within the true crime genre, Investigation Discovery was the second-highest-rated cable network among women 25-54.[8]
Programming[edit]
Main article: List of programs broadcast by Investigation Discovery
Most of ID's programs are original productions, but it also airs re-titled off-network reruns, including ABC's 20/20, CBS' 48 Hours, and NBC's Dateline.
On June 7, 2015, ID aired its first ever scripted mini-series; Serial Thriller: Angel of Decay chronicled the investigation of convicted (and later executed) serial killer Ted Bundy. A second installment, Serial Thriller: The Chameleon, premiered as a two-part miniseries in December 2015, chronicling the crimes that resulted in the execution of American serial killer Stephen Morin. A third installment, Serial Thriller: The Headhunter, about serial killer Edmund Kemper (which possibly includes the story of serial killer Herbert Mullin), premiered on February 20, 2016.
International versions[edit]
Main articles: Investigation Discovery (Canada), Investigation Discovery Europe, and Investigation Discovery (Latin America)
Investigation Discovery (Canada) (Latin America)
Investigation Discovery (India) (Asia)
Investigation Discovery USA (USA)
Investigation Discovery UK (All Europe)
Investigation Discovery (Italy)
Investigation Discovery (France)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (February 22, 2015). "List of how many homes each cable network is in as of February 2015". TV by the Numbers. Zap2it. Retrieved March 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Digital Play in the U.S. of A". Realscreen. April 1, 1999.
Jump up ^ "Discovery plans launch of four newly created nets. (Discovery Communications Inc.)". Multichannel News. November 1994.
Jump up ^ "The New York Times Company and Discovery Communications, Inc. Announce Joint Venture in Discovery Civilization Channel" (Press release). The New York Times Company. April 5, 2002.
Jump up ^ "'Civilization' Seeks Current-Affairs Niche". Multichannel News. November 4, 2002.
Jump up ^ "Discovery Times to Sell Stake". New York Observer. April 13, 2006. Retrieved January 27, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Discovery Investigates". Newsday. January 26, 2008. Archived from the original on January 29, 2008. Retrieved January 27, 2008. Tomorrow, the Discovery Times digital channel morphs into Investigation Discovery. (ID, get it?) Premiere night features "Deadly Women" (tomorrow at 8 p.m.), about female killers, and a related episode of "48 Hours: Hard Evidence" (tomorrow at 9 p.m., all on ID). Read the new channel's case file at http://blogs.discovery.com/criminal_report
Jump up ^ "The Oxygen Channel Is Becoming A True-Crime, All The Time Network". HuffPost. 2017-07-06. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
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