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The Fall of the House of Usher
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For other uses, see The Fall of the House of Usher (disambiguation).
"The Fall of the House of Usher"
First appearance in Burton's Gentleman's Magazine (September 1839)
Author
Edgar Allan Poe
Country
United States
Language
English
Genre(s)
Horror, Gothic, Detective Fiction
Published in
Burton's Gentleman's Magazine
Publication date
September 1839
"The Fall of the House of Usher" is a narrative short story by American writer Edgar Allan Poe, first published in 1839 in Burton's Gentleman's Magazine.The short story includes themes of madness, family, isolation, and metaphysical identities[1].
Contents
1 Plot
2 Character List
3 Character Descriptions
3.1 Narrator
3.2 Roderick Usher
3.3 Madeline Usher
4 Publication history
5 Sources of inspiration
6 Analysis
6.1 Allusions and references
7 Literary significance and criticism
8 In other media
9 References
10 Further reading
11 External links
Plot[edit]
The story begins with the unnamed narrator arriving at the house of his friend, Roderick Usher, having received a letter from him in a distant part of the country complaining of an illness and asking for his help. As he arrives, the narrator notes a thin crack extending from the roof, down the front of the building and into the adjacent lake.
Although Poe wrote this short story before the invention of modern psychological science, Roderick's condition can be described according to its terminology. It includes a form of sensory overload known as hyperesthesia (hypersensitivity to textures, light, sounds, smells and tastes), hypochondria (an excessive preoccupation or worry about having a serious illness) and acute anxiety.[citation needed] It is revealed that Roderick's twin sister, Madeline, is also ill and falls into cataleptic, deathlike trances. Roderick and Madeline are the only remaining members of the Usher family.
The narrator is impressed with Roderick's paintings, and attempts to cheer him by reading with him and listening to his improvised musical compositions on the guitar. Roderick sings "The Haunted Palace", then tells the narrator that he believes the house he lives in to be alive, and that this sentience arises from the arrangement of the masonry and vegetation surrounding it. Further, Roderick believes that his fate is connected to the family mansion.
Roderick later informs the narrator that his sister has died and insists that she be entombed for two weeks in the family tomb located in the house before being permanently buried. The narrator helps Roderick put the body in the tomb, and he notes that Madeline has rosy cheeks, as some do after death. They inter her, but over the next week both Roderick and the narrator find themselves becoming increasingly agitated for no apparent reason. A storm begins. Roderick comes to the narrator's bedroom, which is situated directly above the vault, and throws open his window to the storm. He notices that the tarn surrounding the house seems to glow in the dark, as it glowed in Roderick Usher's paintings, although there is no lightning.
The narrator attempts to calm Roderick by reading aloud The Mad Trist, a novel involving a knight named Ethelred who breaks into a hermit's dwelling in an attempt to escape an approaching storm, only to find a palace of gold guarded by a dragon. He also finds, hanging on the wall, a shield of shining brass on which is written a legend:
Who entereth herein, a conqueror hath bin;
Who slayeth the dragon, the shield he shall win;[2]
With a stroke of his mace, Ethelred kills the dragon, who dies with a piercing shriek, and proceeds to take the shield, which falls to the floor with an unnerving clatter.
As the narrator reads of the knight's forcible entry into the dwelling, cracking and ripping sounds are heard somewhere in the house. When the dragon is described as shrieking as it dies, a shriek is heard, again within the house. As he relates the shield falling from off the wall, a reverberation, metallic and hollow, can be heard. Roderick becomes increasingly hysterical, and eventually exclaims that these sounds are being made by his sister, who was in fact alive when she was entombed.
Additionally, Roderick somehow knew that she was alive. The bedroom door is then blown open to reveal Madeline standing there. She falls on her brother, and both land on the floor as corpses. The narrator then flees the house, and, as he does so, notices a flash of moonlight behind him which causes him to turn back, in time to see the moon shining through the suddenly widened crack. As he watches, the House of Usher splits in two and the fragments sink into the tarn.
Character List[edit]
Poe's "The Fall of the House of Usher" contains the following characters:
Narrator
Roderick Usher
Madeline Usher
Character Descriptions[edit]
Narrator[edit]
In "The Fall of the House of Usher", Poe's unnamed narrator is called to visit the House of Usher by Roderick Usher. As his "best and only friend"[3], Roderick tells of his illness and asks that he visits. He is persuaded by Roderick's desperation for companionship. Though sympathetic and helpful, the Narrator is continually made to be the outsider[4]. The Narrator is gradually drawn into Roderick's belief after being brought forth to witness the horrors and hauntings of the House of Usher[5].
From his arrival, he notes the family's isolationist tendencies as well as the cryptic and special connection between Madeline and Roderick[6]. Throughout the tale and her varying states of consciousness, Madeline ignores the Narrator's presence[7]. After Roderick Usher claims that Madeline has died, he helps Usher place her in the underground vault despite noticing Madeline's flushed appearance[8].
During one sleepless night, the Narrator reads aloud to Usher as sounds are heard throughout the mansion. He witnesses Madeline's reemergence and the subsequent death of the twins, Madeline and Roderick[9]. The narrator is the only character to escape the House of Usher, which he views as it cracks and sinks into the tarn.[10]
Roderick Usher[edit]
Roderick Usher is the twin of Madeline Usher and one of the last living Ushers. Usher writes to the narrator, his boyhood friend, about his illness[3]. When the narrator arrives, he is startled to see Roderick's appearance is eerie and off-putting[2]. He is described by the narrator :
gray-white skin; eyes large and full of light; lips not bright in color, but of a beautiful shape; a well-shaped nose; hair of great softness — a face that was not easy to forget. And now the increase in this strangeness of his face had caused so great a change that I almost did not know him. The horrible white of his skin, and the strange light in his eyes, surprised me and even made me afraid. His hair had been allowed to grow, and in its softness it did not fall around his face but seemed to lie upon the air. I could not, even with an effort, see in my friend the appearance of a simple human being.[11]
Roderick Usher is a recluse[3]. He is unwell both physically and mentally. In addition to his constant fear and trepidation, Madeline's catalepsy is also a cause of his decay. He is tormented by the sorrow of watching his sibling die[12]. The narrator states," “He admitted [that] much of the peculiar gloom which thus affected him could be traced [to] the evidently approaching dissolution [of] his sole companion”[3] . According to Terry W. Thompson, he meticulously plans for her burial to prevent "resurrection men" from stealing his beloved sister's corpse for experimentation[12].
As his twin, the two share an incommunicable connection that critics conclude may be either incestuous or metaphysical[13], as two individuals in an extra-sensory relationship embodying a single entity. To that end, Roderick's deteriorating condition speeds up his own torment and eventual death. His mental health deteriorates faster as he begins to hear Madeline's attempts to escape the underground vault she was buried in[12].
Like with his sister, Roderick Usher is tied to the mansion. He believes the mansion is sentient and responsible, in part, for his deteriorating mental health and melancholy[12]. Despite this admission, Usher remains in the mansion and composes art containing the Usher mansion or similar haunted mansions. Roderick falls to his death out of fear in a manner similar to the House of Usher's cracking and sinking[14].
Madeline Usher[edit]
Madeline Usher is the twin sister and dopplegänger of Roderick Usher. She is deathly ill and cataleptic[3]. She passes the Narrator twice, but never acknowledges his presence[15]. She returns to her bedroom where Roderick later finds that she has died. She is entombed, despite appearing flushed. In the tale's conclusion, Madeline escapes her tomb and returns to Roderick, only to scare him to death[12].
According to Thompson, Madeline Usher may be the physical embodiment of the supernatural and metaphysical worlds[12]. Her limited presence is also explained as a personification Roderick's torment and fear[5]. Madeline does not appear until she is summoned through her brother's fear as is foreshadowed in the epigraph[16], a quote from French poet Jean Pierre de Beranger: "Son coeur est un luth suspendu;/Sitot qu'on le touche il resonne,"meaning "His heart is a tightened lute; as soon as one touches it, it echoes"[2].
Publication history[edit]
"The Fall of the House of Usher" was first published in September 1839 in Burton's Gentleman's Magazine. It was slightly revised in 1840 for the collection Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque. It contains within it Poe's poem "The Haunted Palace", which had earlier been published separately in the April 1839 issue of the Baltimore Museum magazine.
In 1928, Éditions Narcisse, predecessor to the Black Sun Press, published a limited edition of 300 numbered copies with illustrations by Alastair.
Sources of inspiration[edit]
Home of Hezekiah Usher's son, Hezekiah
Poe's inspiration for the story may be based upon events of the Hezekiah Usher House, which was located on the Usher estate that is now a three-block area bounded in modern Boston by Tremont Street to the northwest, Washington Street to the southeast, Avery Street to the south and Winter Street to the north. The house was constructed in 1684 and either torn down or relocated in 1830.[17]
Other sources indicate that a sailor and the young wife of the older owner were caught and entombed in their trysting spot by her husband. When the Usher House was torn down in 1830, two bodies were found embraced in a cavity in the cellar.[18]
Another source of inspiration may be from an actual couple by the name Mr. and Mrs. Luke Usher, the friends and fellow actors of his mother Eliza Poe.[19] The couple took care of Eliza's three children (including Poe) during her time of illness and eventual death.[citation needed]
German writer E. T. A. Hoffmann, who was a role model and inspiration for Poe, published the story Das Majorat in 1819. There are many similarities between the two stories, like the breaking in two of a house, eerie sounds in the night, the story within a story and the house owner being called "Roderich". As Poe was familiar with Hoffmann's works he certainly knew the story and cleverly drew from it using the element for his own purposes.[20]
Another German author, Heinrich Clauren's, 1812 story The Robber's Castle, as translated into English by John Hardman and published in Blackwood's Magazine in 1828 as "The Robber's Tower", may have served as an inspiration according to Arno Schmidt and Thomas Hansen.[21]
As well as common elements, such as a young woman with a fear of premature burial interred in a sepulchre directly beneath the protagonist's chamber, stringed instruments and the living twin of the buried girl, Diane Hoeveler identifies textual evidence of Poe's use of the story, and concludes that the inclusion of Vigiliae Mortuorum secundum Chorum Ecclesiae Maguntinae (Vigils for the Dead according to the Use of the Church of Mainz) is drawn from the use of a similarly obscure book in "The Robber's Tower".[22][23]
Analysis[edit]
1894 illustration by Aubrey Beardsley
"The Fall of the House of Usher" is considered the best example of Poe's "totality", wherein every element and detail is related and relevant.[24]
The theme of the crumbling, haunted castle is a key feature of Horace Walpole's Castle of Otranto (1764), which largely contributed in defining the Gothic genre. The presence of a capacious, disintegrating house symbolizing the destruction of the human body is a characteristic element in Poe's later work.[25]
"The Fall of the House of Usher" shows Poe's ability to create an emotional tone in his work, specifically feelings of fear, doom, and guilt.[26]
These emotions center on Roderick Usher, who, like many Poe characters, suffers from an unnamed disease. Like the narrator in "The Tell-Tale Heart", his disease inflames his hyperactive senses. The illness manifests physically but is based in Roderick's mental or even moral state. He is sick, it is suggested, because he expects to be sick based on his family's history of illness and is, therefore, essentially a hypochondriac.[27] Similarly, he buries his sister alive because he expects to bury her alive, creating his own self-fulfilling prophecy.[citation needed]
The House of Usher, itself doubly referring both to the actual structure and the family, plays a significant role in the story. It is the first "character" that the narrator introduces to the reader, presented with a humanized description: its windows are described as "eye-like" twice in the first paragraph. The fissure that develops in its side is symbolic of the decay of the Usher family and the house "dies" along with the two Usher siblings. This connection was emphasized in Roderick's poem "The Haunted Palace" which seems to be a direct reference to the house that foreshadows doom.[28]
L. Sprague de Camp, in his Lovecraft: A Biography, wrote that "[a]ccording to the late [Poe expert] Thomas O. Mabbott, [H. P.] Lovecraft, in 'Supernatural Horror', solved a problem in the interpretation of Poe" by arguing that "Roderick Usher, his sister Madeline, and the house all shared one common soul".[29]
The explicit psychological dimension of this tale has prompted many critics to analyze it as a description of the human psyche, comparing, for instance, the House to the unconscious, and its central crack to a split personality. Mental disorder is also evoked through the themes of melancholy, possible incest, and vampirism. An incestuous relationship between Roderick and Madeline is never explicitly stated, but seems implied by the strange attachment between the two.[30]
Opium, which Poe mentions several times in both his prose and poems, is mentioned twice in the tale. The gloomy sensation occasioned by the dreary landscape around the Usher mansion is compared by the narrator to the sickness caused by the withdrawal symptoms of an opiate-addict. The narrator also describes Roderick Usher's appearance as that of an "irreclaimable eater of opium."[31]
Allusions and references[edit]
The opening epigraph quotes "Le Refus" (1831) by the French songwriter Pierre-Jean de Béranger, translated to English as "his heart is a suspended lute, as soon as it is touched, it resounds". Béranger's original text reads "Mon cœur" (my heart) and not "Son cœur" (his/her heart).
The narrator describes one of Usher's musical compositions as "a ... singular perversion and amplification of the wild air of the last waltz of Von Weber". Poe here refers to a popular piano work of his time — which, though going by the title "Weber's Last Waltz" was actually composed by Carl Gottlieb Reissiger.[32] A manuscript copy of the music was found among Weber's papers upon his death in 1826 and the work was mistakenly attributed to him.
Usher's painting reminds the narrator of the Swiss-born British painter Henry Fuseli.
Literary significance and criticism[edit]
"The Fall of the House of Usher" first appeared in Burton's.
Along with "The Tell-Tale Heart", "The Black Cat" and "The Cask of Amontillado", "The Fall of the House of Usher" is considered among Poe's most famous works of prose.[33]
This highly unsettling macabre work is recognized as a masterpiece of American Gothic literature. Indeed, as in many of his tales, Poe borrows much from the already developed Gothic tradition. Still, as G. R. Thomson writes in his Introduction to Great Short Works of Edgar Allan Poe, "the tale has long been hailed as a masterpiece of Gothic horror; it is also a masterpiece of dramatic irony and structural symbolism."[34]
"The Fall of the House of Usher" has been criticized for being too formulaic. Poe was criticized for following his own patterns established in works like "Morella" and "Ligeia," using stock characters in stock scenes and stock situations. Repetitive themes like an unidentifiable disease, madness, and resurrection are also criticized.[35] Washington Irving explained to Poe in a letter dated November 6, 1839, "You have been too anxious to present your pictures vividly to the eye, or too distrustful of your effect, and had laid on too much colouring. It is erring on the best side--the side of luxuriance."[36]
John McAleer maintained that the idea for "objectifying Ahab's flawed character" came from the "evocative force" of Poe's 'The Fall of the House of Usher.' In both Ahab and the house of Usher, the appearance of fundamental soundness is visibly flawed — by Ahab's livid scar, and by the fissure in the masonry of Usher.[37]
In other media[edit]
In film
La Chute de la maison Usher is a 1928 silent French horror film directed by Jean Epstein starring Marguerite Gance, Jean Debucourt, and Charles Lamy. Actress Gwendoline Watford made her film debut playing Lady Usher in The Fall of the House of Usher, a British black and white film version made in 1947 but not released until 1950.[citation needed]
In the low-budget Roger Corman B-film from 1960, known in the United States as House of Usher starring Vincent Price as Roderick Usher, the narrator is Philip Winthrop (Mark Damon), who had fallen in love with the sickly Madeline (Myrna Fahey) during her brief residence in Boston and become engaged to her. As Roderick reveals, the Usher family has a history of evil and cruelty so great that he and Madeline pledged in their youth never to have children and to allow their family to die with them. Winthrop tries desperately to convince Madeline to leave with him in spite of Roderick's disapproval, and is on the point of succeeding when Madeline falls into a deathlike catalepsy; her brother (who knows that she is still alive) convinces Winthrop that she is dead and rushes to have her placed in the family crypt. When she wakes up, Madeline goes insane from being buried alive and breaks free. She confronts her brother and begins throttling him to death. Suddenly the house, already aflame due to fallen coals from the fire, begins to collapse, and Winthrop flees as Roderick is killed by Madeline and both she and the Ushers' sole servant are consumed by the falling house. The film was Corman's first in a series of eight films inspired by the works of Edgar Allan Poe.
Another monochrome version appeared on British television in 1966 as part of the first series of Mystery and Imagination (1966–68) starring Denholm Elliott as Roderick Usher. It's one of only two surviving episodes of the otherwise lost first series (the other being "The Open Door" starring Jack Hawkins. It is available on the Network DVD label in the UK. It was filmed on studio sets, recorded on videotape and broadcast on ITV on 12 February 1966.[citation needed]
A devout fan of the works of Poe, cult director Curtis Harrington tackled the story in his first and last films. Casting himself in dual roles as Roderick and Madeline Usher in both versions, Harrington shot his original 10-minute silent short on 8mm in 1942,[38] and he shot a new 36 minute version simply titled Usher on 35mm[38] in 2000 which he intended to utilize in a longer Poe anthology film that never came to fruition.[39] Both versions were included on the 2013 DVD/Blu-ray release Curtis Harrington: The Short Film Collection.
In theater, animation and music
In the early 1970s, Steven Berkoff worked on a theatrical adaptation called 'The Fall of the House of Usher' whose 35 brief scenes follow closely the course of Poe's story. Published by Amber Lane Press, it was performed at the Edinburgh Festival in 1974 and subsequently at the Hampstead Theatre Club in 1975.[citation needed]
The 1976 debut Album of the Alan Parsons Project, Tales of Mystery and Imagination, adapted many Poe stories in musical form. The second half of the album was a five-part set dedicated to the Fall of the House of Usher, with an introductory narration by Orson Welles as the narrator.
In 2002 Lance Tait wrote a one-act play The Fall of the House of Usher, based on Poe's tale. Laura Grace Pattillo wrote in The Edgar Allan Poe Review (2006), "[Tait's] play follows Poe's original story quite closely, using a female Chorus figure to help further the tale as the 'Friend' (as Tait names the narrator) alternates between monologue and conversation with Usher."[40]
The Fall of the House of Usher (2015), narrated by Christopher Lee, animated short film which is part of Extraordinary Tales[41][42]
Between 1908-17, French composer Claude Debussy worked on an opera called La chute de la maison Usher. The libretto was his own, based on Poe, and the work was to be a companion piece to another short opera (Le diable dans le beffroi) based on Poe's "The Devil in the Belfry". At Debussy's death the work was unfinished, however. In recent years completions have been attempted by three different musicologists.[citation needed]
Another operatic version, composed by Philip Glass in 1987 with a libretto by Arthur Yorinks, premiered at the American Repertory Theatre and the Kentucky Opera in 1988 and was revived at the Nashville Opera in 2009.[43] The Long Beach Opera mounted a version of this work in February 2013 at the Warner Grand Theatre in San Pedro, Los Angeles.[44]
In 2008, a musical theatre adaptation ("Usher") written by two Yale students (Sarah Hirsch and Molly Fox) won the Best Musical award at the New York International Fringe Festival.[45][46][47]
Dave Malloy's 2014 song cycle Ghost Quartet includes, amongst other interwoven narratives a retelling of the story, with several major changes. These changes include the presence of two Usher children, and the moving of Roderick's symptoms to his wife, Lady Usher.[48]
References[edit]
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^ Jump up to: a b Rollanson, Christopher (June 2009). "The Character of Phantasm: Edgar Allan Poe's 'The Fall of the House of Usher' and Jorge Luis Borges' 'Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius.'". Atlantis. Vol 31: 9–22 – via EBSCOhost.
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Further reading[edit]
Evans, Walter (1977). "'The Fall of the House of Usher' and Poe's Theory of the Tale". Studies in Short Fiction. 14 (2): 137–144. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism. Ed. Laurie Lanzen Harris and Sheila Fitzgerald. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 1988. 403–5.
External links[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
The Fall of the House of Usher
Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Fall of the House of Usher.
The Fall of the House of Usher at Project Gutenberg
The Fall of the House of Usher at Project Gutenberg (audiobook)
The Fall of the House of Usher public domain audiobook at LibriVox
Full text as reprinted in The Works of the Late Edgar Allan Poe (1850)
Full text at Bartleby.com
"The Fall of the House of Usher" with annotated vocabulary at PoeStories.com
Full text at American Literature
Analysis by Martha Womack
William B. Cairns (1920). "Fall of the House of Usher, The". Encyclopedia Americana.
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Edgar Allan Poe
Bibliography
Poems
"Tamerlane" (1827)
"Al Aaraaf" (1829)
"Sonnet to Science" (1829)
"To Helen" (1831)
"The City in the Sea" (1831)
"The Haunted Palace" (1839)
"The Conqueror Worm" (1843)
"Lenore" (1843)
"Eulalie" (1843)
"The Raven" (1845)
"Ulalume" (1847)
"A Dream Within a Dream" (1849)
"Eldorado" (1849)
"The Bells" (1849)
"Annabel Lee" (1849)"
Tales
"Metzengerstein" (1832)
"Bon-Bon" (1832)
"MS. Found in a Bottle" (1833)
"Berenice" (1835)
"Morella" (1835)
"The Unparalleled Adventure of One Hans Pfaall" (1835)
"Ligeia" (1838)
"A Predicament" (1838)
"The Devil in the Belfry" (1839)
"The Man That Was Used Up" (1839)
"The Fall of the House of Usher" (1839)
"William Wilson" (1839)
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Sara Ramirez
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the Mexican-American singer and actress. For other uses, see Sara Ramírez (disambiguation).
This is an American name. The family name Ramirez is sometimes transliterated as Ramírez in Spanish-language text.
Sara Ramírez
Ramirez in 2011.
Born
Sara Elena Ramírez
(1975-08-31) August 31, 1975 (age 42)
Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
Citizenship
Mexico
United States
Alma mater
Juilliard School
Occupation
Actress, singer, songwriter
Years active
1998–present
Spouse(s)
Ryan Debolt (m. 2012)
Website
www.sararamirez.com
Sara Elena Ramírez (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsaɾa eˈlena raˈmiɾes]; born August 31, 1975) is a Mexican American actress, singer and songwriter. Born in Mazatlán, Sinaloa, to Mexican parents, she graduated with fine arts degree from the Juilliard School. She began acting in Broadway productions, making her debut with Paul Simon's The Capeman, and later ventured into film and television roles. Ramirez is a recipient of a Tony Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and a Satellite Award among other accolades.
Ramirez's portrayal of the original Lady of the Lake in the 2005 Broadway musical Spamalot, won her acclaim and the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical. She gained wider recognition for her role as Dr. Callie Torres, in ABC's long-running medical drama Grey's Anatomy. The character's popularity soared as the series progressed, and Ramirez garnered multiple nominations for Best Actress at the ALMA Awards, and a Favorite Dramatic TV Actress nomination at the People's Choice Awards. She made her debut as a voice artist with the 1999 video game entitled UmJammer Lammy, and has voiced Queen Miranda in the animated series Sofia the First (2012–present).
In addition to her acting career, Ramirez released her first single "Silent Night" in 2009. Her self titled extended play debuted at no. 37 at the Billboard 200 in 2011. Ramirez is also an activist and extensively campaigns for LGBT rights. She was awarded the Ally for Equality Award by the Human Rights Campaign Foundation in 2015. She has been married to Ryan Debolt since 2012.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
2.1 Broadway breakthrough and other roles (1998–2005)
2.2 Grey's Anatomy and other projects (2006–2015)
3 Personal life and off-screen work
3.1 Singing career
3.2 Philanthropy
4 Filmography and awards
4.1 Accolades
5 Discography
5.1 Extended plays
5.2 Singles
5.3 Soundtracks
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
Early life[edit]
Ramirez was born in Mazatlán, Sinaloa, in the northwestern coast of the Pacific coast of Mexico. Her father is Mexican and her mother is of Mexican and Irish-American descent.[1] Her parents divorced when she was eight years old, and Ramirez went to live with her mother.[2] They eventually settled in Tierrasanta, San Diego, California. Ramirez's interest in music encouraged her mother to send her to San Diego School of Creative and Performing Arts, where she discovered her singing talent during an audition.[2] Ramirez started acting in stage productions at her high school.[3]
After having played such roles as the Witch in Into the Woods, Dolly in Hello, Dolly! and Miss Hannigan in Annie,[3] Ramirez was recommended for the Juilliard School, New York City. She graduated with a degree in Bachelor's of Fine Arts (Dramatics).[2] At Juilliard, she further worked on her acting skills and trained as an alto singer.[4] Ramirez speaks both Spanish and English fluently.[5]
Career[edit]
Broadway breakthrough and other roles (1998–2005)[edit]
While still at Juilliard, Ramirez was discovered by a casting director and was offered the role of Wahzinak in Paul Simon's 1998 Broadway musical The Capeman.[6] Based on the life of the Puerto Rican gangster Salvador Agron, the production garnered negative reviews, but Ramirez was singled out for her "outstanding" performance.[7] She made her screen debut in the same year, with a minor yet "memorable" role in the romantic comedy You've Got Mail.[8] Starring Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan, the film had Ramirez play Rose, a Zabars cashier who was, "very serious about her line's cash-only policy."[9] Ramirez voiced the titular character of Lammy in the video game UmJammer Lammy, a spin-off of PaRappa the Rapper, on Sony's PlayStation console. She later reprised her role in the latter's sequel for PlayStation 2, but had a smaller role.[10]
In 1999, Ramirez appeared in Mark Lamos' The Gershwins' Fascinating Rhythm (1999). She garnered praise for her performance and received an Outer Critics Circle Award nomination for her role. Charles Isherwood of Variety praised her "beautiful, smoky voice", but was critical of her "torchy" performance of “The Man I Love” which ignored, "the wry irony that infuses Ira’s lyrics".[11] Ramirez then appeared in the 2001 Broadway production of Edward Kleban's A Class Act. She replaced Julia Murney (from the off-Broadway) to play the role of Felecia, the protagonist Ed's boss.[12] The same year, she starred in other productions including Fascinating Rhythm and Dreamgirls, and then performed in the 2002 production of The Vagina Monologues with Tovah Feldshuh and Suzanne Bertish.[13] During this time, Ramirez also appeared in guest roles in several television series, including NYPD Blue, Law & Order: SVU, Third Watch, and Spin City among others.[14]
Ramirez's breakout role came when she was cast as the Lady of the Lake in Eric Idle and John Du Prez's musical Spamalot.[15] Based on the 1975 film Monty Python and the Holy Grail, the musical opened on Broadway in 2005 to widespread acclaim.[16] Ramirez in particular was singled out for her performance, winning several awards including the 2005 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical and the Drama League Award for Distinguished Performance.[17] Ben Brantley of The New York Times described her as "a toothsome devourer of scenery",[18] while another reviewer for The Playgoer emphasizing on her stage presence remarked that, "her intensity is totally serious and totally ludicrous and totally on key".[19] An Entertainment Weekly review gave her the highest praise by calling her a show-stealer.[20]
Grey's Anatomy and other projects (2006–2015)[edit]
Following her success on Broadway, Ramirez joined the cast of Grey's Anatomy in a recurring role as Dr. Calliope 'Callie' Torres, a love interest for Dr. George O'Malley, in the show's second season. On a special Grey's Anatomy-themed episode of The Oprah Winfrey Show, she revealed that top executives from ABC, who were greatly impressed by her performance in Spamalot, offered her a role in any ABC show she wanted. She picked Grey's, as she was already a fan of the show.[21] Ramirez further explained that at her initial audition, the producers liked her, and had intentions to add her to the show, but did not know who to cast her as.[22] She also said she was in awe of how the executives said, "Pick a show, any show", explaining that it is rare.[23] The series creator and executive producer, Shonda Rhimes explained: "I was looking for a girlfriend for George, but it was in the infancy stages, so I had no idea what I was looking for." Rhimes built the character around Ramirez after she met her.[24] Ramirez, who was initially given a recurring status at the time of the character's inception, received a star billing in the show's third season, alongside fellow cast member Eric Dane, who portrayed Dr. Mark Sloan.[25]
Ramirez provided a cappella vocals in the song "Silent Night" for the soundtrack of the show's sixth season episode "Holidaze," airing on November 192009. Ramirez's served as the main vocalist for the musical episode of Grey's Anatomy, "Song Beneath the Song", which on aired March 31, 2011. Marcus James Dixon of Gold Derby calling her the "show-stopper", wrote, "stole the show in a gut-wrenching performance worthy of an Emmy award."[26] In May 2016, Ramirez left the show at the conclusion of the twelfth season, after having played the character for a decade.[27] She released a statement saying, "I'm deeply grateful to have spent the last 10 years with my family at Grey's Anatomy and ABC, but for now I'm taking some welcome time off".[27]
As the series progressed, th character's popularity soared and Ramirez garnered widespread recognition and critical acclaim for her portrayal of a complex character on television.[28][29] Reviewing the performances of Ramirez and Jessica Capshaw an episode of the eleventh season, Maggie Fremont of Vulture called them, "goddesses walking amongst mere mortals".[30] Rhimes wrote of Ramirez's work on the show: "Dr. Callie Torres came into our lives dancing it out in her underwear almost a decade ago, and I could not be happier or more proud of her journey. Sara Ramirez’s performance inspired me as well as millions of fans each week."[31] Ramirez was nominated for Outstanding Actress in a Drama Television Series at the Alma Awards, in 2007 and 2008.[32] Also in 2007, at the 13th Screen Actors Guild Awards, the cast of Grey's Anatomy, were the recipients of the Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series.[33] She and the cast were nominated for the same award, in 2008.[34] In 2011, at the 42nd NAACP Image Awards, Ramirez was nominated for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series.[35]
Ramirez turned producer with the 2016 teen comedy film, Loserville. The project was released in partnership with the Pacer Foundation's Center for Bullying Prevention & Stomp Out Bullying.[36]
Personal life and off-screen work[edit]
Ramirez at the Designs for Cure Gala, 2011
In June 2011, Ramirez got engaged to her longtime partner, Ryan DeBolt, a business analyst at TIMEC in Paris, France.[37] They were married on July 4, 2012 in a private beachside ceremony in New York.[38][39] Ramirez came out as bisexual at the October 2016 40 To None summit, organised by True Colors Fund's in Los Angeles, California.[40][41] She wrote to The Huffington Post in an e-mail that her decision to come out publicly was a “very organic and natural” one.[42] In September 2016, Ramirez donated her hair to "Locks of Love", an organization that makes wigs for children who suffer from medical conditions that lead to hair fall out. She sports a buzz cut.[43]
Singing career[edit]
Ramirez released her first single, a rendition of Silent Night, in 2009.[44] Her debut self titled extended play came out in March 2011, on the iTunes Store under the label of Atrevida Records. The EP included four songs, including a cover of "The Story", which was originally recorded by Brandi Carlile in her 2007 album. Two of the three songs were co-written by Ramirez and the album's writer-producer Rob Giles.[45][46] Sara Ramirez debuted at number thirty-seven on the Billboard 200, number nine on Billboard's Independent Albums chart, and number thirty-eight on the Canadian Albums Chart.[47][48][49] "The Story" debuted the same week at number 69 on the Billboard Hot 100, number 72 on the Canadian Hot 100, and number 34 on the Irish Singles Chart.[50][51][52] Soundtracks for Monty Python's Spamalot (Original Broadway Cast Recording) (2005) and Grey's Anatomy: The Music Event (2011) were released under the labels of Decca Records and ABC Studios respectively.[53][54]
Philanthropy[edit]
Ramirez is an activist and extensively campaigns for LGBT rights. She is a member of the True Colors Fund’s Board of Directors and The Task Force, and The San Diego, New York, and San Francisco LGBT Centers. She spoke in support of the homeless LGBTQ youth at a True Colors Fund's conference.[42] In addition to that, Ramirez supports other groups including Bisexual Organizing Project, NDLON, Mujerez De Maiz among others. In 2015, she was awarded the Ally for Equality Award by the Human Rights Campaign Foundation.[36]
Filmography and awards[edit]
Main article: List of roles and awards of Sara Ramirez
Elena and the Secret of Avalor 2016(film) Loserville 2016(film) Sofia the First 2013-present(series) Grey's Anatomy 2005-present(series) Chicago 2002(film) Washington Heights 2002(film) Spider Man 2002(film) You've Got Mail 1998(film)
Accolades[edit]
Ramirez won the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical and the Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical for her role in the 2005 Broadway musical Spamalot.[14] She gained widespread acclaim for her portrayal of Dr. Callie Torres in ABC's medical drama Grey's Anatomy. She garnered nominations for the Best Actress at the NAACP Image Award, the ALMA Award, and won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series.[35][32][33]
Discography[edit]
Extended plays[edit]
List of albums, with selected chart positions
Title
Album details
Peak chart positions
US
[50]
US
Indie
[55]
CAN
[56]
Sara Ramirez
Released: March 27, 2011
Label: Atrevida
Format: digital download
37 7 38
Singles[edit]
"Silent Night" (2009)
Soundtracks[edit]
Year
Title
Chart positions
US
US
Indie
2005 Monty Python's Spamalot (Original Broadway Cast Recording)
Released: May 3, 2005
Label: Decca Records
Format: Compact disc, digital download
69[57] —
2011 Grey's Anatomy: The Music Event
Released: March 31, 2011
Label: ABC Studios
Format: digital download
24[58] 5[59]
"—" denotes items which were not released in that country or failed to chart.
Notes[edit]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Sara Ramirez- Biography". Yahoo! Movies. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 8 May 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c Yang, Jeff (12 November 2015). "Video: 'Grey's Anatomy' Star Sara Ramirez Brings Empathy And Activism To Acting". NPR. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Sara Ramirez". TV Guide. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Alumni News Reflections: Sara Ramirez". The Juilliard School. May 2006. Archived from the original on 2008-05-03. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
Jump up ^ Gostin, Nicki (3 July 2012). "AlumniSara Ramirez Talks ‘Grey’s Anatomy,’ Being Labeled A Latina Actress". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 15 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Sandell, Laurie (30 November 2006). "Getting Over Myself: I'm a Size 12 in a Size 0 Town". Glamour. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sara Ramirez". AskMen. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Hernandez, Lee (10 March 2011). "Sara Ramirez: A Career Retrospective". Latina. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Wickman, Kase (20 December 2013). "'You've Got Mail' Turns 15: Here's 10 Things You Didn't Know About The Film". MTV. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Nededog, Jethro (23 June 2011). "'Grey's Anatomy's' Sara Ramirez: 5 Things You Didn't Know". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Isherwood, Charles (26 April 1999). "Review : 'The Gershwins' Fascinating Rhythm'". Variety. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "A Class Act At The Landor". Overtures. 13 February 2013. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Bertish, Feldshuh, Class Act's Ramirez Next in Vagina Monologues Nov. 12-Dec. 1". Playbill. 12 November 2002. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Hernandez, Ernio (11 October 2005). "Spamalot Tony Winner Sara Ramirez Leaves Lady of the Lake in December". PlayBill. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
Jump up ^ McNulty, Charles (9 July 2009). "Theater review: 'Spamalot' at the Ahmanson Theatre*". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Sage, Mark (14 January 2005). "Spamalot acclaimed". The Age. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "2004-5 Drama League Award Winners Announced". Broadway World. 13 March 2005. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Brantley, Ben (18 March 2005). "A Quest Beyond the Grail". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Review: Spamalot". The Playgoer. 31 May 2005. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Must List 2005: Sara Ramirez". Entertainment Weekly. 17 June 2005. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sara Ramirez Chandra Wilson Kate Walsh OP". YouTube. 5 April 2008. Retrieved 12 August 2010.
Jump up ^ Yuan, Jada (18 September 2006). "Belle Curves: Sara Ramirez". New York Magazine. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
Jump up ^ Sara Ramirez, Kate Walsh, Chandra Wilson, Oprah Winfrey (5 April 2008). Sara Ramirez Chandra Wilson Kate Walsh OP. Los Angeles, California: Oprah Winfrey.
Jump up ^ Hendrickson, Paula (6 May 2009). "Casting chemistry keeps 'Grey's' fresh". Variety. Reed Business Information. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
Jump up ^ Gans, Andrew (16 November 2005). "Spamalot's Ramirez Lands Role on TV's "Grey's Anatomy"". Playbill. Philip S Birsh. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
Jump up ^ Dixon, Marcus (1 April 2011). "Sara Ramirez is show-stopper in musical ‘Grey’s Anatomy’". Gold Derby. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "'Grey's Anatomy' Star Sara Ramirez Exits Series After 10 Years as Callie: See Her Emotional Comments". Us Weekly. 19 May 2016. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Yuan, Jada (18 September 2006). "Belle Curves: Sara Ramirez". Bustle. New York Media, LLC. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
Jump up ^ Hendricks, Jaclyn (10 October 2016). "‘Grey’s Anatomy’ star Sara Ramirez comes out as bisexual". Page Six. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Fremont, Maggie (6 May 2016). "Grey’s Anatomy Recap: Calzona Implodes". Vulture. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (19 May 2016). "Sara Ramirez Confirms Grey's Anatomy Departure: 'I'm Taking Some Time Off'". TV Line. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Past ALMA Recipients". Alma Awards. Archived from the original on 26 May 2012. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "The 13th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards". Screen Actors Guild Awards. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "The 14th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards". Screen Actors Guild Awards. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "The 42nd NAACP Image Awards". NAACP Image Awards. Archived from the original on 8 March 2011. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Sara Ramirez". TED. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Chaney, Jen (24 June 2011). "Sara Ramirez engaged; Curtis Stone and Lindsay Price expecting baby". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
Jump up ^ Hernandez, Lee (9 July 2012). "Sara Ramirez, Grey's Anatomy Star, is Married! (EXCLUSIVE)". Huffington Post. Huffington Post. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Tony Winner and Grey's Anatomy Star Sara Ramirez Ties the Knot!". Broadway.com. Broadway.com. 9 July 2012. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Erin Rook (8 October 2016). "‘Grey’s Anatomy’ star Sara Ramirez comes out as bisexual and queer". LGBTQ Nation. Retrieved 8 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Sara Ramirez [@SaraRamirez] (8 October 2016). "#40ToNoneSummit #SpeakingMyTruth! Will post full video of speech soon! #ThankYou @TrueColorsFund #WomanOfColor #Bisexual #Queer #Immigrant" (Tweet). Retrieved 8 October 2016 – via Twitter.
^ Jump up to: a b Wong, Curtis (11 October 2016). "‘Grey’s Anatomy’ Star Sara Ramirez Comes Out As Bisexual". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Aiello, McKenna (16 September 2016). "Former Grey's Anatomy Star Sara Ramirez Gets a Buzz Cut for a Worthy Cause". E!. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Silent Night". Amazon. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
Jump up ^ Gans, Andrew (25 March 2011). "Tony Winner Sara Ramirez's EP Will Be Available on ITunes March 27". Playbill. Philip S Birsh. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sara Ramirez". iTunes Store. Apple Inc. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Caulfield, Keith; Trust, Gary (7 April 2011). "Chart Moves: Katy Perry, Rihanna, Elton John, Lil Wayne, Celtic Thunder". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Independent Albums: Week of April 16, 2011". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "ALBUMS : Top 100". JAM! Music. Nielsen Soundscan. 7 April 2011. Archived from the original on 10 April 2011. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Caulfield, Keith; Trust, Gary (7 April 2011). "Chart Moves: Katy Perry, Rihanna, Elton John, Lil Wayne, Celtic Thunder". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of April 16, 2011 (Biggest Jump)". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Irish Music Charts Archive: Top 50 Singles, Week Ending 7 April 2011". Chart-Track. GfK. 7 April 2011. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Hernandez, Ernio (26 November 2007). "Monty Python's Spamalot Climbs Billboard Cast Albums Chart". PlayBill. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Grey's Anatomy: The Music Event". i Tunes Store. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Independent Albums: Week of April 16, 2010". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "ALBUMS : Top 100". JAM! Music. Nielsen Soundscan. 7 April 2011. Archived from the original on 10 April 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "The Week of July 09, 2005". Billboard. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Kaufman, Gil (6 April 2011). "Britney Spears' Femme Fatale Debuts At #1 On Billboard". MTV. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Soundtracks: Week of April 16, 2011" (Note: to access peak, click the white area around the song). Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sara Ramírez.
Official website
Sara Ramirez at the Internet Broadway Database
Sara Ramirez on IMDb
[show]
v
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Satellite Award for Best Cast – Television Series
2000
The West Wing
Alan Alda
Stockard Channing
Kristin Chenoweth
Dulé Hill
Allison Janney
Moira Kelly
Rob Lowe
Joshua Malina
Mary McCormack
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Bradley Whitford
2001
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2005
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Callie Thorne
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Larenz Tate
James McCaffrey
Dean Winters
2006
Grey's Anatomy
Justin Chambers
Eric Dane
Patrick Dempsey
Katherine Heigl
T. R. Knight
Sandra Oh
James Pickens Jr.
Ellen Pompeo
Sara Ramirez
Kate Walsh
Isaiah Washington
Chandra Wilson
2007
Mad Men
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Anne Dudek
Michael Gladis
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January Jones
Vincent Kartheiser
Robert Morse
Elisabeth Moss
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Rich Sommer
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2009
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2012
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2013
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2014
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2015
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[show]
v
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2000: The West Wing, season 1/season 2
Hill
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Conroy
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Hall
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2003: Six Feet Under, season 3
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Conroy
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Hall
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Rodríguez
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Taylor
Wilson
2004: CSI: Crime Scene Investigation,
season 4/season 5
Dourdan
Eads
Fox
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Hall
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de Ravin
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Y. Kim
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Watros
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Dane
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Oh
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Ramirez
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Wilson
2007: The Sopranos, season 6, part II
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Complete list
(1994–1999)
(2000–2009)
(2010–present)
[show]
v
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Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical (2001–2025)
Cady Huffman (2001)
Harriet Sansom Harris (2002)
Jane Krakowski (2003)
Anika Noni Rose (2004)
Sara Ramirez (2005)
Beth Leavel (2006)
Mary Louise Wilson (2007)
Laura Benanti (2008)
Karen Olivo (2009)
Katie Finneran (2010)
Nikki M. James (2011)
Judy Kaye (2012)
Andrea Martin (2013)
Lena Hall (2014)
Ruthie Ann Miles (2015)
Renée Elise Goldsberry (2016)
Rachel Bay Jones (2017)
Complete list
(1950–1975)
(1976–2000)
(2001–2025)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 7123362
LCCN: no2005052489
GND: 135502411
MusicBrainz: 92f91947-0d8e-4a9c-ae6a-68906e93a079
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sara_Ramirez&oldid=806422078"
Categories:
1975 births
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Bisexual actresses
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