text:
Navy diver (United States Navy)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Personnel in the United States Navy who are qualified in underwater diving and salvage
Navy Diver
U.S. Navy enlisted rating insignia
Issued by
United States Navy
Type
Enlisted rating
Abbreviation
ND
A United States Navy diver refers to a member of the community of restricted line (Engineering Duty) officers, civil engineer corps (CEC) officers, Medical Corps officers, and enlisted Navy diver (ND rating) personnel in the United States Navy who are qualified in underwater diving and salvage. Navy divers serve with fleet diving detachments and in research and development. Some of the mission areas of the Navy diver include marine salvage, harbor clearance, underwater ship husbandry and repair, submarine rescue, saturation diving, experimental diving, underwater construction and welding, as well as serving as diving technical experts at Navy SEAL, Marine Corps, and Navy EOD diving commands.
The U. S. Navy is the lead agency in military diving technology and training within the U.S. Department of Defense. The foundation of the Navy diving program consists of the Navy Diver (ND) rating for enlisted personnel who perform diving as their occupational specialty in the Navy.[1]
Contents
1 History
2 Training and ratings
2.1 The Schools
2.2 Fleet Training
2.3 Advanced Training
2.4 Specialized Training
3 U.S. navy diver physical fitness test
4 Health impact
5 Ratings
6 Enlisted rating designators
7 Officer designators
8 See also
9 References
9.1 Sources
10 External links
History[edit]
The early history of diving in the U.S. Navy parallels that of the other navies of the world. Since the middle of the nineteenth century, the U.S. Navy has employed divers in salvage and repair of ships, in construction work, and in military operations.
For the most part, early Navy divers were swimmers and skin divers, with techniques and missions unchanged since the days of Alexander the Great. During the Civil War Battle of Mobile Bay, swimmers were sent in ahead of Admiral Farragut's ships to locate and disarm Confederate mines that had been planted to block the entrance to the bay.
In 1898, Navy divers were briefly involved in an international crisis when the second-class armored battleship USS Maine (ACR-1) was sunk by a mysterious explosion while anchored in the harbor at Havana, Cuba. Navy divers were sent from Key West to study and report on the wreck. Although a Court of Inquiry was convened, the reason for the sinking was not found.
The beginning of the twentieth century saw the attention of all major navies turning towards developing a weapon of immense potential - the military submarine. The highly effective use of the new weapon by the German Navy in World War I heightened this interest, and an emphasis was placed on the submarine that continues today.
The U.S. Navy had operated submarines on a limited basis for several years prior to 1900. As American technology expanded, the U.S. submarine fleet grew rapidly. However, throughout the period of 1912-1939, the development of the Navy's F, H, and S class boats was marred by a series of accidents, collisions, and sinkings. Several of these submarine disasters resulted in a correspondingly rapid growth in the Navy diving capability.
Until 1912, U.S. Navy divers rarely went below 60 FSW (feet of seawater). In that year, Chief Gunner George D. Stillson set up a program to test Haldane's diving tables and methods of stage decompression. A companion goal of the program was to develop improvements in Navy diving equipment. Throughout a three-year period, first diving in tanks ashore and then in open water in Long Island Sound from the USS Walke (DD-34), Navy divers went progressively deeper.
The publication of the first U.S. Navy Diving Manual and the establishment of a Navy Diving School at Newport, Rhode Island were the direct outgrowth of experience gained in the test program and the USS F-4 salvage. When the United States entered World War I, the staff and graduates of the school were sent to Europe, where they conducted various salvage operations along the French coast.[2]
In 2006, the U.S. Navy established a new rating, Navy Diver (or ND), in the Navy's engineering/hull community. Navy divers are often associated with underwater salvage or special operations.
Training and ratings[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The Schools[edit]
After completion of recruit training or acceptance in the Navy diver program from the Fleet, individuals will go to Naval Training Command, Great Lakes, for Diver Preparation Course (32 training days, including 20 days of basic electrical and engineering courses). Upon completion of the training, candidates will go to Naval Diving and Salvage Training Center (NDSTC) in Panama City, Florida, for Second Class Dive School, which is 70 training days long.
The center has 22 different courses of instruction and a throughput of approximately 1300 students per year, with an average of 300 students in training at any given time. The training center conducts approximately ten thousand dives each year.
The NDSTC is divided into Fleet and specialized sections. Regardless of their section, all candidates are taught:
Basic gas laws as they relate to diving.
Diving medicine
Decompression chamber operations
Dive planning
Diving physics
Salvage operations
Surface-supplied diving systems
Use of all diving apparatus: Open- and closed-circuit rigs
Underwater mechanics and tools, and underwater cutting and welding
Fleet Training[edit]
After completing Second Class Dive School, the member will be assigned to one of the Navy Diver Units to hone the undersea diving and salvage skills required by the United States Navy. A Navy diver can perform underwater ship repair, salvage, and construction, using either SCUBA equipment or a surface-supplied diving system. Training for Diving Medical Officers and diving medical technicians is also part of Fleet training.
Advanced Training[edit]
Many experienced divers return to NDSTC for further course work so they can qualify as First Class divers and Master divers.
Specialized Training[edit]
A Navy diver gets specialized training in demolition and mixed-gas diving.[3]
Navy divers work in extreme conditions, performing various underwater tasks ranging from underwater ship repair, underwater salvage and special operations/special warfare type diving. Because their area of operations are so varied, they can be required to utilize any type of diving equipment for use in any depth or temperature in any part of the world. Certain diving qualification allows NDs to live and work at extreme depths for days or weeks at a time, a discipline known as saturation diving.
Navy enlisted personnel that graduate from second class or first class dive school; and ultimately master diver comprise the Navy Diver rating. NDs are the in-water operators and supervisors for the various mission areas mentioned previously as their primary day to day mission is that of in-water operator and/or supervisor. There are three enlisted diving badges/qualifications in the ND rating:
Second class diver - E-4 to E-5 personnel. This is the basic diving qualification in the ND rating, awarded upon completion of ND 'A' School (pin awarded upon warfare qualification). Primary duties are to serve as in-water operators during various missions.
First class diver - E-6 to E-8 personnel. Advanced diving qualification awarded upon completion of ND 'C' School. In addition to duties as a second class diver, first class divers serve as diving and chamber treatment supervisors.
Master diver - The highest enlisted diving position in the Navy. Awarded upon successful completion of the master diver course which includes exceptionally demanding diving operational problems and acceptance by a master diver board. Oversees diving operations and train/qualify diving supervisors.
Personnel in the CEC (Seabee) ratings can qualify as underwater construction technician (UCT). Like other Navy divers, UCTs are primary in-water operators that conduct underwater construction. They also have three qualification levels with similarities to those in the navy diver rating.
Navy hospital corpsmen can qualify as a diving medical technician (DMT), where they are given training in medical aspects of diving. Primary responsibilities are to provide medical advice and treatment to diving personnel. They also instruct members of the diving team in first aid procedures when the presence of diving medical personnel is indicated.
Additionally, there is a scuba diver qualification primarily for those stationed on submarines to serve as sub divers in a limited capacity. Navy scuba divers are also trained at NDSTC at a 5-week course. Their duties consist primarily of conducting occasional inspections on the submarine they are stationed on. Scuba divers maintain their traditional Navy rating such as ET or MM; their diving Navy Enlisted Classification (NEC) is a collateral duty, not their primary one.
U.S. navy diver physical fitness test[edit]
Diving medical personnel evaluate the fitness of divers before operations begin and are prepared to handle any emergencies which might arise. They also observe the condition of other support personnel and are alert for signs of fatigue, overexposure, and heat exhaustion. The physical fitness test has been shown to be a poor predictor of job task performance.[4]
The test consists of the following carried out in the order given:[5]
Swim 500 yards (or 450 m) utilizing only combat side stroke or breast stroke within 12 minutes 30 seconds (candidates are allowed to push off the sides when turning. However, if the candidate uses the bottom to stand or rest, they will fail the test).
10-minute rest period.
Perform 50 push-ups within 2 minutes (Upper arms must parallel deck at dip and arms locked out at the top of the rep).
2-minute rest period.
Perform 50 curl-ups within 2 minutes (Bent knees. Candidates hands must stay on the collarbone and the elbows must touch the knees).
2-minute rest period.
Perform 6 pull-ups within 2 minutes (no kipping or swinging is allowed and the chin must clear the top of the bar on each repetition).
10-minute rest period.
Run 1.5 miles (2.414 km) within 12 minutes 30 seconds.
Note: The times and quantities listed are for passing the screening test only. Each candidate's scores are submitted and the candidates with the top scores along with ASVAB exam scores will be selected and given a navy diver contract. Passing the physical fitness test is necessary but by no means guarantees the candidate a contract.
Health impact[edit]
A study published in 2011 by the Navy Experimental Diving Unit reviewed the long term health impact on the U.S. Navy diving population.[6] The divers surveyed participated as divers for an average of 18 years out of their average 24 active duty years.[6] Sixty percent of the divers surveyed were receiving disability compensation.[6] One in seven of the divers had experienced neurologic symptoms of decompression sickness, with 41% of the divers experiencing one or more of the nine diving injuries surveyed.[6] Seven percent of the surveyed divers had undergone a joint replacement.[6] Eighty six percent of the divers rated their health as "Excellent, Very Good, or Good".[6] When compared to the general population, the divers showed better mental health but poorer physical health.[6]
Ratings[edit]
The navy diver rating was announced in Naval Administration Message 003/06 and consists of sailors with the following NECs:
NEC 5341 — master diver[7]
NEC 5342 — first class diver[7]
NEC 5343 — second class diver[7]
The effective date of the ND rating was June 1, 2006 for E6-E9 sailors (petty officer 1st class and above), and October 1, 2006 for E1-E5 sailors.
Enlisted rating designators[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
E4 (ND3) — Navy diver third class
E5 (ND2) — Navy diver second class
E6 (ND1) — Navy diver first class
E7 (NDC) — Chief Navy diver
E8 (NDCS) — Senior Chief Navy diver
E9 (NDCM) — Master Chief Navy diver
Officer designators[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
MILPERSMAN 1210-140 Designation as a Diving Officer for selected (1) Unrestricted Line (117X, 112X), (2) Restricted Line/Staff Corps (146X, 144X, 210X, 510X), (3) Limited Duty (61XX, 648X, 653X), and (4) Warrant (71XX, 72XX, 748X, 753X)
1440 — Engineering Duty (restricted line) Officer
510x — Civil Engineer Corps (staff) Officer
720x — Diving (warrant) Officer
Underwater welding
SEAL delivery operations
Salvage Operations
Submarine rescue
Harbor clearance
Navy diver swimming
SCUBA
Closed circuit
See also[edit]
Diver insignia
Military diving
Master diver
Carl Brashear (first African-American U.S. Navy diver and Master diver)
US military divers
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Navy Expeditionary Combat Command - Diving". www.public.navy.mil. Retrieved 2016-09-25.
Jump up ^ "Navy Expeditionary Combat Command - Diver History". www.public.navy.mil. Retrieved 2016-09-25.
Jump up ^ "http://www.public.navy.mil/necc/Pages/DiverTraining.aspx". www.public.navy.mil. Retrieved 2016-09-25. External link in |title= (help)
Jump up ^ Marcinik, EJ; Hyde, DE; Taylor, WF (1994). "Development of job-related physical selection criteria for U.S. Navy fleet divers". Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine. 21. Retrieved 2013-11-21.
Jump up ^ Staff (6 Jan 2013). "SEAL/EOD/SWCC/DIVER/AIRR Physical Screening Testing Standards and Procedures" (PDF). MILPERSMAN 1220 - 410. BUPERS - 324 ). pp. 1–10. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Chung, J; Brugger, J; Curley, M; Wallick, M; Perkins, R; Regis, D; Latson, G (2011). "Health survey of U.S. Navy divers from 1960 to 1990: A first look". US Navy Experimental Diving Unit Technical Report 2011-11. Retrieved 2013-11-21.
^ Jump up to: a b c NAVPERSCOM (PERS - 401D H ) ND “A” School Coordinator (30 May 2013). "Navy Diver ( ND ) Rating" (PDF). MILPERSMAN 1220 - 100. BUPERS - 32 4F Enlisted Community Manager. p. 3. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
Sources[edit]
Supervisor of Diving, Naval Sea Systems Command, 2007. US Navy Diving Manual .(UK): AquaPress Publishing. ISBN 1-905492-06-5. Revision 5. Hardback. The complete manual for equipment, procedures and operations established by the Department of Navy.
Supervisor of Diving, Naval Sea Systems Command, 2007. US Navy Diving Manual .(UK): AquaPress Publishing. ISBN 1-905492-00-6. Revision 5. Looseleaf. The complete manual for equipment, procedures and operations established by the Department of Navy.
https://web.archive.org/web/20080310094417/http://www.necc.navy.mil/diver/
https://web.archive.org/web/20090712084127/http://www.necc.navy.mil/content.htm
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to United States Navy Divers.
Navy Diving and Salvage Training Center
Navy.Com recruiting page
NECC Diver recruiter page
Naval Undersea Museum
hide
v
t
e
United States Navy
Portal
Category
Leadership
Secretary of the Navy
Under Secretary of the Navy
Chief of Naval Operations
Vice Chief of Naval Operations
Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy
4-star admirals
House Armed Services Subcommittee on Seapower and Projection Forces
Senate Subcommittee on Seapower
Structure
Navy
Navy Reserve
Fleet Marine Force
Expeditionary Combat Command
Merchant Marine
Units
Aircraft wings
Aircraft squadrons
Carrier strike group
Installations
Naval Observatory
Master jet base
Operating
forces
Fleet Forces Command
Pacific Fleet
Naval Forces Europe
Naval Forces Central Command
Naval Forces Southern Command
Naval Special Warfare Command
Naval Reserve Forces
Operational Test and Evaluation Force
Naval Network Warfare Command
Military Sealift Command
Shore
Naval Sea Systems Command
Naval Air Systems Command
Naval Facilities Engineering Command
Naval Supply Systems Command
Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command
Fleet Cyber Command
Naval Academy
Naval Education and Training Command
Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command
Office of Naval Intelligence
Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center
Naval Legal Service Command
Naval Observatory
Navy Occupational Safety & Health
Bureau of Naval Personnel
Chief of Naval Personnel
Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
Navy Installations Command
Fleets
Second Fleet
Third Fleet
Fourth Fleet
Fifth Fleet
Sixth Fleet
Seventh Fleet
Tenth Fleet
Ships
A–B
C
D–F
G–H
I–K
L
M
N–O
P
Q–R
S
T–V
W–Z
Aircraft carriers
Airships
Amphibious warfare ships
Auxiliaries
Battleships
Cruisers
Destroyers
Destroyer escorts
Escort carriers
Frigates
Mine warfare vessels
Monitors
Patrol vessels
Sailing frigates
Steam frigates
Steam gunboats
Ships of the line
Sloops of war
Submarines
Torpedo boats
Personnel
and
training
People
Officers
Insignia
Designators
Enlisted
Rates
Ratings
Classification
Personnel
Chaplain Corps
Chief
Deputy Chief
Explosive ordnance disposal
Medical Corps
Dental Corps
Nurse Corps
Medical Service Corps
Supply Corps
Civil Engineer Corps
JAG Corps
JAG
DJAG
NCIS
Boatswain's mates
Hospital corpsman
Naval Aviator
SEALs
Seabees
Master-at-arms
Operations specialist
SWCCs
Hispanic sailors
Training
Recruit
Naval Academy
Officer Candidate School
STA-21
NROTC
BESS
BFTT
CNATT
COMPTUEX
NAWCTSD
AIM
Naval Chaplaincy School
Naval Hospital Corps School
Naval Justice School
Naval Postgraduate School
United States Armed Forces School of Music
Navy Senior Enlisted Academy
Navy Supply Corps School
Naval War College
Nuclear Power School
JMTC
TOPGUN
USNTPS
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Equipment
Uniforms
Awards and decorations
Badges
Current fleet
Reserve fleet
Aircraft
Weapons
Naval reactors
History and
traditions
History
"Anchors Aweigh"
Blue Angels
Continental Navy
Ensign
Fleet bands
Fleet Week
Jack
Line-crossing ceremony
National Museum
Navy Band
Ceremonial Guard
Navy Flag
Navy Hymn
Navy Memorial
Navy service numbers
Navy Weeks
Revolt of the Admirals
Sailor's Creed
Ship commissioning
Ship decommissioning
Tingey House
USS Constitution
Wetting-down
United States battleship retirement debate
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Navy_diver_(United_States_Navy)&oldid=858239561"
Categories:
Armed forces diving
United States Navy ratings
Hidden categories:
CS1 errors: external links
Articles with short description
Pages using deprecated image syntax
Articles needing additional references from June 2016
All articles needing additional references
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
한국어
Edit links
This page was last edited on 5 September 2018, at 21:52 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

attrs: class style

values: shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux

values: Explosive ordnance disposal (United States Navy)

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced

values:
/wiki/Master_Diver_(United_States_Navy)
mw-redirect
Master Diver (United States Navy)

values:
/wiki/Hospital_corpsmen
mw-redirect
Hospital corpsmen

values: Edit section: U.S. navy diver physical fitness test

values: United States Navy Experimental Diving Unit

values: Edit section: Enlisted rating designators

values:
/wiki/Diver_insignia
mw-redirect
Diver insignia

values:
/wiki/Military_diving
mw-redirect
Military diving

values:
/wiki/United_States_Navy_Master_Diver
mw-redirect
United States Navy Master Diver

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: commons:Category:United States Navy Divers

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_the_Navy
mw-redirect
Under Secretary of the Navy

values: List of United States Navy four-star admirals

values: United States House Armed Services Subcommittee on Seapower and Projection Forces

values: United States Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Seapower

values:
navbox-image
5
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: List of United States Navy aircraft wings

values: List of United States Navy aircraft squadrons

values: List of United States Navy installations

values:
/wiki/United_States_Naval_Forces_Europe
mw-redirect
United States Naval Forces Europe

values: United States Naval Forces Central Command

values: United States Naval Special Warfare Command

values: Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command

values:
/wiki/Navy_Installations_Command
mw-redirect
Navy Installations Command

values: List of aircraft carriers of the United States Navy

values: List of airships of the United States Navy

values: List of United States Navy amphibious warfare ships

values: List of auxiliaries of the United States Navy

values: List of battleships of the United States Navy

values: List of cruisers of the United States Navy

values: List of destroyers of the United States Navy

values: List of destroyer escorts of the United States Navy

values: List of United States Navy escort aircraft carriers

values: List of frigates of the United States Navy

values: List of mine warfare vessels of the United States Navy

values: List of monitors of the United States Navy

values: List of patrol vessels of the United States Navy

values: List of sailing frigates of the United States Navy

values: List of steam frigates of the United States Navy

values: List of steam gunboats of the United States Navy

values: List of ships of the line of the United States Navy

values: List of sloops of war of the United States Navy

values: List of submarines of the United States Navy

values: List of torpedo boats of the United States Navy

values: United States Navy officer rank insignia

values: List of United States naval officer designators

values: List of United States Navy enlisted rates

values: Chief of Chaplains of the United States Navy

values: Deputy Chief of Chaplains of the United States Navy

values:
/wiki/Navy_Supply_Corps_(United_States)
mw-redirect
Navy Supply Corps (United States)

values: Judge Advocate General's Corps, U.S. Navy

values: Deputy Judge Advocate General of the Navy

values: Operations specialist (United States Navy)

values: Recruit Training Command, Great Lakes, Illinois

values: Officer Candidate School (United States Navy)

values: Center For Naval Aviation Technical Training Unit Keesler

values: Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division

values: United States Armed Forces School of Music

values: United States Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor program

values: List of equipment of the United States Navy

values: Awards and decorations of the United States Department of the Navy

values: List of current ships of the United States Navy

values: National Museum of the United States Navy

values: United States battleship retirement debate

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible

values: Category:Articles with short description

values: Category:Pages using deprecated image syntax

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from June 2016

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Navy_diver_(United_States_Navy)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: 미국 해군 다이버 – Korean

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Navy_diver_United_States_Navy rootpage-Navy_diver_United_States_Navy skin-vector action-view


text:
Madeleine Albright
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Madeleine Albright
64th United States Secretary of State
In office
January 23, 1997 – January 20, 2001
President
Bill Clinton
Deputy
Strobe Talbott
Preceded by
Warren Christopher
Succeeded by
Colin Powell
20th United States Ambassador to the United Nations
In office
January 27, 1993 – January 21, 1997
President
Bill Clinton
Preceded by
Edward J. Perkins
Succeeded by
Bill Richardson
Personal details
Born
Marie Jana Korbelová
(1937-05-15) May 15, 1937 (age 80)
Prague, Czechoslovakia
(now Czech Republic)
Political party
Democratic
Spouse(s)
Joseph Albright
(m. 1959; div. 1982)
Children
3
Education
Wellesley College (BA)
Johns Hopkins University
Columbia University (MA, PhD)
Signature
Madeleine Jana Korbel Albright[1] (born Marie Jana Korbelová; May 15, 1937)[2][3] is an American politician and diplomat. She is the first woman to have become the United States Secretary of State. She served from 1997 to 2001 under President Bill Clinton.
The daughter of Czech diplomat Josef Korbel, Albright and her family emigrated to the United States in 1948. Her family eventually settled in Denver, and she became a U.S. citizen in 1957. She graduated from Wellesley College in 1959 and earned a PhD from Columbia University in 1975, writing her thesis on the Prague Spring. She worked as an aide to Senator Edmund Muskie before taking a position under Zbigniew Brzezinski on the National Security Council. She served in that position until the end of President Jimmy Carter's lone term.
After leaving the National Security Council, Albright joined the academic staff of Georgetown University and advised Democratic candidates regarding foreign policy. After Clinton's victory in the 1992 presidential election, she helped assemble Clinton's National Security Council. In 1993, Clinton appointed her to the position of U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations. She held that position until 1997, when she succeeded Warren Christopher as Secretary of State. She served as Secretary of State until Clinton left office in 2001.
Albright currently serves as chair of Albright Stonebridge Group and as a professor of International Relations at Georgetown University's School of Foreign Service. In May 2012, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by U.S. President Barack Obama.[4] Secretary Albright also serves as a director on the board of the Council on Foreign Relations.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life and career
1.1 Early life
1.2 Life in the United Kingdom
1.3 Return to Czechoslovakia
1.4 Life in the United States
2 Career
2.1 Early career
2.2 U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations
2.3 Secretary of State
2.4 Post-2001 career
2.5 Investments
2.6 Controversies
2.6.1 Sanctions against Iraq
2.6.2 Art ownership lawsuit
2.6.3 Allegations of hate speech against Serbs
2.6.4 Clinton campaign comment
2.7 Honorary degrees
2.8 Books
3 References
3.1 Footnotes
3.2 Works cited
4 External links
Early life and career
Early life
Marie Jana Korbelová was born in 1937 in the Smíchov district of Prague, Czechoslovakia,[6] the daughter of Anna (Spieglová) and Czech diplomat Josef Korbel.[7] At the time of her birth, Czechoslovakia had been independent for less than 20 years, having gained independence from Austria-Hungary after World War I. Josef was a supporter of the early Czech democrats Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk and Edvard Beneš.[8] Madeleine grew up with a younger sister named Katherine (born October 1942)[9] and a younger brother named John.[10]
At the time of her birth, Josef was serving as press-attaché at the Czechoslovak Embassy in Belgrade. However, the signing of the Munich Agreement in September 1938 and the disintegration of Czechoslovakia at the hands of Adolf Hitler forced the family into exile because of their links with Beneš.[11] In 1941, Josef and Anna had converted from Judaism to Catholicism.[7] In an interview in January 1997, Madeleine Albright, who was raised in Roman Catholicism and now is an Episcopalian, said her father and mother never talked to her or her two siblings about their Jewish background.[12]
Life in the United Kingdom
Albright spent the war years in Britain, while her father worked for Beneš’s Czechoslovak government-in-exile. They first lived on Kensington Park Road in Notting Hill, London, where they endured the worst of the Blitz, but later moved to Beaconsfield, then Walton-on-Thames, on the outskirts of London.[13] She later reminisced about the constant presence of a large metal table in the house, to protect the family from the recurring threat of Nazi air raids.[14]
While in England, a young Albright appeared as a refugee child in a film designed to promote sympathy for all war refugees in London.[15]
Albright was raised Catholic, but converted to Episcopalianism at the time of her marriage in 1959. She did not learn until adulthood that her parents were originally Jewish and that many of her Jewish relatives in Czechoslovakia had perished in the Holocaust, including three of her grandparents.[16][17]
Return to Czechoslovakia
After the defeat of the Nazis in the European Theatre of World War II and the collapse of Nazi Germany and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, Albright and family moved back to Prague, where they were given a luxurious apartment in the Hradčany district (which later caused controversy, as it had belonged to an ethnic German Bohemian industrialist family forced out by the Beneš decrees – see "Controversies"). Korbel was named Czechoslovakian Ambassador to the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia, and the family moved to Belgrade. Communists governed Yugoslavia, and Korbel was concerned his daughter would be indoctrinated with Marxist ideology in a Yugoslav school, so she was taught by a governess and later sent to the Prealpina Institut pour Jeunes Filles finishing school in Chexbres, on Lake Geneva in Switzerland.[18] She learned to speak French while in Switzerland and changed her name from "Marie Jana" to "Madeleine".[19]
The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia took over the government in 1948, with support from the Soviet Union, and as an opponent of communism, Korbel was forced to resign from his position.[20] He later obtained a position on a United Nations delegation to Kashmir, and sent his family to the United States, by way of London, to wait for him when he arrived to deliver his report to the U.N. Headquarters, then in Lake Success, New York.[20]
Life in the United States
The family emigrated from the United Kingdom on the SS America, departing Southampton on November 5, 1948, and arriving at Ellis Island in New York Harbor on November 11, 1948.[21][22] The family initially settled in Great Neck on Long Island.[23] Korbel applied for political asylum, arguing that as an opponent of Communism, he was under threat in Prague.[24] With the help of Philip Mosely, a professor of Russian at Columbia University in New York City, Korbel obtained a position on the staff of the political science department at the University of Denver in Colorado.[25] He became dean of the university's school of international relations – renamed the Josef Korbel School of International Studies in 2008 – and later taught future U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice.[8]
Albright spent her teen years in Denver, and in 1955 graduated from the Kent Denver School in Cherry Hills Village, a suburb of Denver, where she founded the school's international relations club and was its first president.[26] She attended Wellesley College, in Wellesley, Massachusetts, on a full scholarship, majoring in political science, and graduated in 1959.[27] Her senior thesis was written on former Czechoslovakian Prime Minister Zdeněk Fierlinger.[28] She became a U.S. citizen in 1957, and joined the College Democrats of America.[29]
While home in Denver from Wellesley, Albright worked as an intern for The Denver Post, where she met Joseph Medill Patterson Albright, the nephew of Alicia Patterson, owner of Newsday and wife of philanthropist Harry Frank Guggenheim.[30] The couple were married in Wellesley in 1959, shortly after her graduation.[27] They lived first in Rolla, Missouri, while he served his military service at nearby Fort Leonard Wood. During this time, she worked at The Rolla Daily News.[31]
In January 1960, the couple moved to his hometown of Chicago, Illinois, where he worked at the Chicago Sun-Times as a journalist, and Albright worked as a picture editor for Encyclopædia Britannica.[32] The following year, Joseph Albright began work at Newsday in New York City, and the couple moved to Garden City on Long Island.[33] That year, she gave birth to twin daughters, Alice Patterson Albright and Anne Korbel Albright. The twins were born six weeks premature and required a long hospital stay, so as a distraction, Albright began Russian classes at Hofstra University in Village of Hempstead, New York.[33]
In 1962, the family moved to Georgetown, and Albright began studying international relations and continued studying Russian at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, a division of Johns Hopkins University in Washington, D.C.[34] However, in 1963 Alicia Patterson died, and the family returned to Long Island with the notion of Joseph taking over the family business.[35] Albright gave birth to another daughter, Katherine Medill Albright, in 1967, and continued her studies at Columbia University's Department of Public Law and Government[36] (later renamed as the political science department, which is located within the School of International and Public Affairs). She earned a certificate in Russian, an M.A. and a Ph.D., writing her Master's thesis on the Soviet diplomatic corps and her doctoral dissertation on the role of journalists in the Prague Spring of 1968.[37] She also took a graduate course given by Zbigniew Brzezinski, who later became her boss at the U.S. National Security Council.[38]
Career
Early career
Albright returned to Washington, D.C., in 1968, and commuted to Columbia for her PhD degree, which she received in 1975.[39] She began fund-raising for her daughters' school, involvement which led to several positions on education boards.[40] She was eventually invited to organize a fund-raising dinner for the 1972 presidential campaign of U.S. Senator Ed Muskie of Maine.[41] This association with Muskie led to a position as his chief legislative assistant in 1976.[42] However, after the 1976 U.S. presidential election of Jimmy Carter, Albright's former professor Brzezinski was named National Security Advisor, and recruited Albright from Muskie in 1978 to work in the West Wing as the National Security Council's congressional liaison.[42] Following Carter's loss in 1980 to Ronald Reagan, Albright moved on to the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., where she was given a grant for a research project.[43] She chose to write on the dissident journalists involved in Poland's Solidarity movement, then in its infancy but gaining international attention.[43] She traveled to Poland for her research, interviewing dissidents in Gdańsk, Warsaw and Kraków.[44] Upon her return to Washington, her husband announced his intention to divorce her for another woman.[45]
Albright joined the academic staff at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., in 1982, specializing in Eastern European studies.[46] She also directed the university's program on women in global politics.[47] She served as a major Democratic Party foreign policy advisor, briefing Vice-Presidential candidate Geraldine Ferraro in 1984 and Presidential candidate Michael Dukakis in 1988 (both campaigns ended in defeat).[48] In 1992, Bill Clinton returned the White House to the Democratic Party, and Albright was employed to handle the transition to a new administration at the National Security Council.[49] In January 1993, Clinton nominated her to be U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, her first diplomatic posting.[50]
U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations
Albright was appointed Ambassador to the United Nations shortly after Clinton was inaugurated, presenting her credentials on February 9, 1993. During her tenure at the U.N., she had a rocky relationship with the U.N. Secretary-General, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, whom she criticized as "disengaged" and "neglect[ful]" of genocide in Rwanda.[51] Albright wrote:
My deepest regret from my years in public service is the failure of the United States and the international community to act sooner to halt these crimes.[52]
In Shake Hands with the Devil, Roméo Dallaire claims that in 1994, in Albright's role as the U.S. Permanent Representative to the U.N., she avoided describing the killings in Rwanda as "genocide" until overwhelmed by the evidence for it;[53] this is now how she describes these massacres in her memoirs.[51][54] She was instructed to support a reduction or withdrawal (something which never happened) of the U.N. Assistance Mission for Rwanda but was later given more flexibility.[54] Albright later remarked in PBS documentary Ghosts of Rwanda that
it was a very, very difficult time, and the situation was unclear. You know, in retrospect, it all looks very clear. But when you were [there] at the time, it was unclear about what was happening in Rwanda."[55]
Also in 1996, after Cuban military pilots shot down two small civilian aircraft flown by the Cuban-American exile group Brothers to the Rescue over international waters, she announced, "This is not cojones. This is cowardice."[56] The line endeared her to President Clinton, who said it was "probably the most effective one-liner in the whole administration's foreign policy."[57]
Secretary of State
When Albright took office as the 64th U.S. Secretary of State on January 23, 1997, she became the first female U.S. Secretary of State and the highest-ranking woman in the history of the U.S. government at the time of her appointment.[58] Not being a natural-born citizen of the U.S., she was not eligible as a U.S. Presidential successor and was excluded from nuclear contingency plans.
During her tenure, Albright considerably influenced American policy in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Middle East. According to Albright's memoirs, she once argued with Colin Powell for the use of military force by asking, "What's the point of you saving this superb military for, Colin, if we can't use it?"[59]
As Secretary of State she represented the U.S. at the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong on July 1, 1997. She along with the British contingents boycotted the swearing-in ceremony of the Chinese-appointed Hong Kong Legislative Council, which replaced the elected one.[60]
Albright with Benjamin Netanyahu (left) and Yasser Arafat at the Wye River Memorandum, 1998
According to several accounts, Prudence Bushnell, U.S. Ambassador to Kenya, repeatedly asked Washington for additional security at the embassy in Nairobi, including in an April 1998 letter directly to Albright. Bushnell was ignored.[61] She later stated that when she spoke to Albright about the letter, she told her that it had not been shown to her.[62] In Against All Enemies, Richard Clarke writes about an exchange with Albright several months after the U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania were bombed in August 1998. "What do you think will happen if you lose another embassy?" Clarke asked. "The Republicans in Congress will go after you." "First of all, I didn't lose these two embassies," Albright shot back. "I inherited them in the shape they were."[63]
In 1998, at the NATO summit, Albright articulated what became known as the "three Ds" of NATO, "which is no diminution of NATO, no discrimination and no duplication – because I think that we don't need any of those three "Ds" to happen."[64]
With NATO officers during NATO Ceremony of Accession of New Members, 1999
In February of 1998, Albright partook in a town-hall style meeting at St. John Arena in Columbus where she, William Cohen, and Sandy Berger attempted to make the case for military action in Iraq. The crowd was disruptive, repeatedly drowning out the discussion with boos and anti-war chants. James Rubin downplayed the disruptions, claiming the crowd was supportive of a war policy.[65] Later that year, both Bill Clinton and Albright insisted that an attack on Saddam Hussein could be stopped only if Hussein reversed his decision to halt arms inspections. "Iraq has a simple choice. Reverse course or face the consequences," Albright said.[66]
In 2000, Albright became one of the highest level Western diplomats ever to meet Kim Jong-il, the then-leader of communist North Korea, during an official state visit to that country.[67]
In one of her last acts as Secretary of State, Albright on January 8, 2001, paid a farewell call on Kofi Annan and said that the U.S. would continue to press Iraq to destroy all its weapons of mass destruction as a condition of lifting economic sanctions, even after the end of the Clinton administration on January 20, 2001.[68]
In 2001, Albright received the U.S. Senator H. John Heinz III Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official, an award given out annually by the Jefferson Awards Foundation.[69]
Post-2001 career
Madeleine Albright at World Economic Forum
Following Albright's term as Secretary of State, many speculated that she might pursue a career in Czech politics. Václav Havel, Czech President from February 1993 to February 2003, talked openly about the possibility of Albright succeeding him. Albright was reportedly flattered by suggestions that she should run for office, but denied ever seriously considering it.[70] She was the second recipient of the Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award presented by the Prague Society for International Cooperation.
In 2001, Albright was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.[71] The same year, she founded the Albright Group, an international strategy consulting firm based in Washington, D.C., which is now Albright Stonebridge Group.[72] Affiliated with the firm is Albright Capital Management, which was founded in 2005 to engage in private fund management related to emerging markets.[73]
Albright serves on the Council on Foreign Relations Board of directors and on the International Advisory Committee of the Brookings Doha Center.[74] She is also currently the Mortara Distinguished Professor of Diplomacy at the Georgetown University School of Foreign Service in Washington, D.C.[75]
In 2003, she accepted a position on the Board of Directors of the New York Stock Exchange. In 2005, Albright declined to run for re-election to the board in the aftermath of the Richard Grasso compensation scandal, in which Grasso, the chairman of the NYSE Board of Directors, had been granted $187.5 million in compensation, with little governance by the board on which Albright sat. During the tenure of the interim chairman, John S. Reed, Albright served as chairwoman of the NYSE board's nominating and governance committee. Shortly after the appointment of the NYSE board's permanent chairman in 2005, Albright submitted her resignation.[76]
On October 25, 2005, Albright guest starred on the television drama Gilmore Girls as herself.[77] She also made a guest appearance on Parks and Recreation, in the eighth episode of the seventh season.[78]
Albright speaks during the third night of the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver, Colorado
On January 5, 2006, she participated in a meeting at the White House of former Secretaries of Defense and State to discuss U.S. foreign policy with George W. Bush administration officials.[79] On May 12, 2006, she was again invited to the White House to meet with former Secretaries and Bush administration officials to discuss Iraq.[80]
Albright serves as chairperson of the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs and as president of the Truman Scholarship Foundation.[81] She is also the co-chair of the Commission on Legal Empowerment of the Poor[82] and was the chairwoman of the Council of Women World Leaders Women's Ministerial Initiative up until November 16, 2007, succeeded by Margot Wallström.[83]
In an interview given to Newsweek International published July 24, 2006, Albright gave her opinion on current U.S. foreign policy. Albright said: "I hope I'm wrong, but I'm afraid that Iraq is going to turn out to be the greatest disaster in American foreign policy – worse than Vietnam."[84]
In September 2006, she received the Menschen in Europa Award, with Václav Havel, for furthering the cause of international understanding.[85]
Albright has mentioned her physical fitness and exercise regimen in several interviews. She has said she is capable of leg pressing 400 pounds.[86][87] Albright was listed as one of the fifty best-dressed over 50s by the Guardian in March 2013.[88]
At the National Press Club in Washington, D.C. on November 13, 2007, Albright declared that she with William Cohen would co-chair a new "Genocide Prevention Task Force"[89] created by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, the American Academy of Diplomacy, and the United States Institute for Peace. Their appointment was criticized by Harut Sassounian[90] and the Armenian National Committee of America, as both Albright and Cohen had spoken against a Congressional resolution on the Armenian genocide.[91]
Albright endorsed and supported Hillary Clinton in her 2008 presidential campaign. Albright has been a close friend of Clinton and serves as her top informal advisor on foreign policy matters. On December 1, 2008, then-President-elect Barack Obama nominated then-Senator Clinton for Albright's former post of Secretary of State.[92]
U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry greets Albright, February 6, 2013
In September 2009, Albright opened an exhibition of her personal jewelry collection at the Museum of Art and Design in New York City, which ran until January 2010. The collection highlighted the many pins she wore while serving at the United Nations and State Department, including the famous pin showing a snake and apple she wore after the Iraqi press called her "an unparalleled serpent", and several jeweled insect bugs she wore to meet the Russian Foreign Minister Igor Ivanov after it was discovered the Russian secret service had attempted to bug the State Department.[93] In 2009 Albright also published the book Read My Pins: Stories from a Diplomat's Jewel Box about her pins.
In August 2012, when speaking at an Obama campaign event in Highlands Ranch, Colorado, Albright was asked the question "How long will you blame that previous administration for all of your problems?", to which she replied "Forever".[94][95]
Albright serves as chair of Albright Stonebridge Group[96] and chair of the advisory council for The Hague Institute for Global Justice, which was founded in 2011 in The Hague.[97] She also serves as an Honorary Chair for the World Justice Project.[98] The World Justice Project works to lead a global, multidisciplinary effort to strengthen the Rule of Law for the development of communities of opportunity and equity.[99]
Investments
Madeleine Albright is a co-investor with Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron Rothschild, and George Soros in a $350 million investment vehicle called Helios Towers Africa, which intends to buy or build thousands of mobile phone towers in Africa.[100][101]
Controversies
Sanctions against Iraq
On May 12, 1996, Albright defended UN sanctions against Iraq on a 60 Minutes segment in which Lesley Stahl asked her "We have heard that half a million children have died. I mean, that's more children than died in Hiroshima. And, you know, is the price worth it?" and Albright replied, "We think the price is worth it."[102] Albright later criticized Stahl's segment as "amount[ing] to Iraqi propaganda"; said that her question was a loaded question;[103][104] wrote "I had fallen into a trap and said something I did not mean";[105] and regretted coming "across as cold-blooded and cruel".[102] Sanctions critics took Albright's failure to reframe the question as confirmation of the statistic.[105][106][107] The segment won an Emmy Award.[108][109]
In the context of the 1998 Iraq campaign, Albright expressed another justification: "But if we have to use force, it is because we are America; we are the indispensable nation. We stand tall and we see further than other countries into the future, and we see the danger here to all of us."[110]
Art ownership lawsuit
Following the Washington Post's profile of Albright by Michael Dobbs, an Austrian man, Philipp Harmer, launched legal action against Albright, claiming her father, Josef Korbel, had illegally taken possession of artwork which belonged to his great-grandfather, Karl Nebrich.[111] Nebrich, a German-speaking Prague industrialist, was forced to abandon some of his possessions when ethnic Germans were expelled from the country after World War II under the Beneš decrees. His apartment, at 11 Hradčanská Street in Prague, was subsequently given to Korbel and his family, which they occupied before also being forced to flee to America. Harmer felt Korbel stole his great-grandfather's artwork, which was left in the apartment. The matter was handled by Albright's brother, John Korbel.[111]
Allegations of hate speech against Serbs
The place where the Prague incident took place.
In late October 2012, during a book signing in the Prague bookstore Palác Knih Luxor, Albright was visited by a group of activists from the Czech organization "Přátelé Srbů na Kosovu". She was filmed saying "Disgusting Serbs, get out!" to the Czech group, which had brought war photos to the signing, some of which showed Serbian victims of the Kosovo War in 1999. The protesters were expelled from the event when police arrived. Two videos of the incident were later posted by the group on their YouTube channel.[112][113] Filmmaker Emir Kusturica expressed thanks to Czech director Václav Dvořák for organizing and participating in the demonstration. Together with other protesters, Dvořák also reported Albright to the police, stating that she was spreading ethnic hatred and disrespect to the victims of the war.[114][115]
Albright's involvement in the NATO bombing of Serbia was the main cause of the demonstration – a sensitive topic which became even more controversial when it was revealed that her investment firm, Albright Capital Management, was preparing to bid in the proposed privatization of Kosovo's state-owned telecom and postal company, Post and Telecom of Kosovo. In an article published by the New York-based magazine Bloomberg Businessweek, it was estimated that the deal could be as large as €600 million. Serbia opposed the sale, and intended to file a lawsuit to block it, alleging that the rights of former Serbian employees were not respected.[116]
Clinton campaign comment
Albright supported Hillary Clinton during her 2016 presidential campaign. While introducing Clinton at a campaign event in New Hampshire ahead of that state's primary, Albright said, "There's a special place in hell for women who don't help each other" (a phrase Albright had used on several previous occasions in other contexts).[citation needed] The remark was seen as a rebuke of younger women who supported Clinton's primary rival, Senator Bernie Sanders, which many women found "startling and offensive."[117] In a New York Times op-ed published several days after the remark, Albright said: "I absolutely believe what I said, that women should help one another, but this was the wrong context and the wrong time to use that line. I did not mean to argue that women should support a particular candidate based solely on gender."[118]
Honorary degrees
Albright holds honorary degrees from Brandeis University (1996), the University of Washington (2002), Smith College (2003), Washington University in St. Louis (2003),[119] University of Winnipeg (2005), the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (2007),[120] Knox College (2008),[121] and Tufts University (2015).[122]
Books
Madam Secretary (2003) – Albright's memoir, published after her retirement
The Mighty and the Almighty: Reflections on America, God, and World Affairs (2006)
Memo to the President Elect: How We Can Restore America's Reputation and Leadership (2008)[citation needed]
Read My Pins (2009)[123][124]
Prague Winter: A Personal Story of Remembrance and War, 1937–1948 (2012);[125] Reviewed by Paul Wilson in The New York Review of Books, 7 June 2012, pages 35–37.
References
Footnotes
Jump up ^ Sciolino, Elaine (1988-07-26). "Dukakis's Foreign Policy Adviser: Madeleine Jana Korbel Albright". New York Times. Retrieved 2015-07-19.
Jump up ^ "Madeleine Albright Fast Facts". CNN. May 8, 2014. Retrieved December 31, 2014.
Jump up ^ Roger Cohen. "Memory Goes to War". The New Republic. Retrieved December 31, 2014.
Jump up ^ Cohen, Tom (May 29, 2012). "Albright, Dylan among recipients of Presidential Medal of Freedom". CNN.
Jump up ^ "Board of Directors – Council on Foreign Relations". Council on Foreign Relations. 2006-05-14. Archived from the original on 2010-11-03. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
Jump up ^ "Biography at The Washington Post". The Washington Post. 1999-12-15. Retrieved 2009-06-22.
^ Jump up to: a b "Madeleine Albright’s War Years". Tablet Magazine. April 26, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Dobbs, Michael (December 28, 2000). "Josef Korbel's Enduring Foreign Policy Legacy". The Washington Post. p. A05. Retrieved 2009-04-09. (subscription required)
Jump up ^ Dobbs, Michael (February 9, 1997). "Out Of The Past". Washington Post. Retrieved December 8, 2015.
Jump up ^ Baum, Geraldine (February 8, 1995). "A Diplomatic Core". Los Angeles Times. p. 3. Retrieved December 8, 2015.
Jump up ^ Albright, 2003: pp. 8–9
Jump up ^ "Albright's Family Tragedy Comes to Light". Washington Post. 1997-02-04. Retrieved 2009-10-16.
Jump up ^ Albright, 2003, pp. 9–11.
Jump up ^ John Carlin (8 February 1998). "Profile: She who knows tyranny; Madeleine Albright". The Independent. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
Jump up ^ Albright, 2003, p. 9.
Jump up ^ Dobbs, Michael (February 4, 1997). "Albright's Family Tragedy Comes to Light". The Washington Post.
Jump up ^ "Voices on Antisemitism interview with Madeline K. Albright". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 2007-04-12.
Jump up ^ Albright, 2003, p. 15.
Jump up ^ Albright, 2003, p. 4.
^ Jump up to: a b Albright, 2003, p. 17.
Jump up ^ "Passenger Manifest". The Statue of Liberty – Ellis Island Foundation. Retrieved December 31, 2014.
Jump up ^ Dobbs, Michael (1999). Madeleine Albright: A twentieth-century odyssey. Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 0-8050-5659-9. Retrieved December 31, 2014.
Jump up ^ Albright, 2003, p. 18.
Jump up ^ Albright, 2003, p. 19–20.
Jump up ^ Albright, 2003, p. 20.
Jump up ^ Albright, 2003, p. 24.
^ Jump up to: a b Albright, 2003, p. 47.
Jump up ^ Albright, 2003, p. 43.
Jump up ^ Albright, 2003, pp. 34–35.
Jump up ^ Albright, 2003, p. 36.
Jump up ^ Albright, 2003, p. 48.
Jump up ^ Albright, 2003, pp. 49–50.
^ Jump up to: a b Albright, 2003, p. 52.
Jump up ^ Albright, 2003, p. 54.
Jump up ^ Albright, 2003, p. 55.
Jump up ^ Albright, 2003, p. 56.
Jump up ^ Albright, 2003, pp. 56, 59, 71.
Jump up ^ Albright, 2003, p. 57.
Jump up ^ Albright, 2003, p. 71.
Jump up ^ Albright, 2003, pp. 63–66.
Jump up ^ Albright, 2003, p. 65.
^ Jump up to: a b Scott, A.O. (April 25, 1999). "Madeleine Albright: The Diplomat Who Mistook Her Life for Statecraft". Slate. Retrieved 2009-04-09.
^ Jump up to: a b Albright, 2003, p. 91.
Jump up ^ Albright, 2003, p. 92.
Jump up ^ Albright, 2003, p. 94.
Jump up ^ Albright, 2003, p. 99.
Jump up ^ Albright, 2003, p. 100.
Jump up ^ Albright, 2003, pp. 102–104.
Jump up ^ Albright, 2003, p. 127.
Jump up ^ Albright, 2003, p. 131.
^ Jump up to: a b Albright, 2003, p. 207.
Jump up ^ Albright, 2003, p. 147.
Jump up ^ Dallaire, Roméo. Shake Hands with the Devil. p. 374.
^ Jump up to: a b Albright, 2003, pp. 150–151.
Jump up ^ "Interview Madeleine Albright". Ghosts of Rwanda. PBS Frontline. April 1, 2004. Retrieved 2007-02-14.
Jump up ^ Albright, 2003, p. 205.
Jump up ^ "Albright's Personal Odyssey Shaped Foreign Policy Beliefs". The Washington Post. 1996-12-06. Retrieved 2009-10-16.
Jump up ^ "Biography: Madeleine Korbel Albright". Office of the US Secretary of State. Retrieved 2010-07-09.
Jump up ^ Albright, 2003, p. 182.
Jump up ^ "U.S. to Boycott Seating of New Hong Kong Legislature – June 10, 1997". CNN. 1997-06-10. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
Jump up ^ "Before Bombings, Omens and Fears". Partners.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
Jump up ^ PBS Documentary
Jump up ^ Clark, Richard A. (2004). Against All Enemies. Simon and Schuster,. p. 206. ISBN 9780743266406.
Jump up ^ "News from the USIA Washington File". Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on 17 June 2015. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "U.S. policy on Iraq draws fire in Ohio", CNN. February 18, 1998. Retrieved 9 jan 2017
Jump up ^ "Hussein seeks 'just' solution to standoff". CNN. November 13, 1998. Archived from the original on January 17, 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-21.
Jump up ^ "Frontline: Kim's Nuclear Gamble: Interviews: Madeleine Albright". PBS. 2003-03-27. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
Jump up ^ "U.S. Will Maintain Pressure on Iraq, Albright Says". United States Diplomatic Mission to Italy. 2001-01-08. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
Jump up ^ "National - Jefferson Awards Foundation".
Jump up ^ "EUROPE | Albright Tipped for Czech Presidency". BBC News. 2000-02-28. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
Jump up ^ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "The Albright Group LLC". BusinessWeek. 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
Jump up ^ "Albright Capital Management LLC – Brochure" (PDF). Albright Capital Management. March 18, 2016. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Board of Directors-Council on Foreign Relations". Archived from the original on 2010-11-03. Retrieved 2007-12-06.
Jump up ^ "Faculty – Mortara Center for International Studies". Retrieved 28 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Business: Interim NYSE chairman to stay another year". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
Jump up ^ "Madeleine Albright on Gilmore girls". YouTube. Retrieved 2009-12-10.
Jump up ^ "Madeleine Albright Loved Her Waffle Date With Leslie Knope". Jezebel. Retrieved 2016-12-09.
Jump up ^ Sanger, David E. (6 January 2006). "THE STRUGGLE FOR IRAQ: THE WHITE HOUSE". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
Jump up ^ Bumiller, Elizabeth (13 May 2006). "This Time Around, Bush Lets Former Secretaries Speak". The New York Times. Washington D.C. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation – Officers & Board of Trustees". Retrieved 28 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Making the Law Work for Everyone – Group Report – Volume II" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "United Nations Foundation – Ministerial Initiatives". United Nations Foundation. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Last Word: Madeleine Albright – Newsweek: International Editions". Newsweek. Retrieved 2011-06-22.
Jump up ^ "Menschen in Europa". Menschen in Europa. Retrieved 2009-06-22.
Jump up ^ Bedard, Paul. "Washington Whispers (4 May, 2006)". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on 9 June 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Madeline Albright Reveals Exercise Regimen For "Kicking Ass"". NPR. 2001-12-19. Retrieved 2009-06-22.
Jump up ^ Cartner-Morley, Jess; Mirren, Helen; Huffington, Arianna; Amos, Valerie (2013-03-28). "The 50 best-dressed over 50s". The Guardian. London.
Jump up ^ "How to stop genocide | Preventing genocide | The Economist". The Economist. 2008-12-11. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
Jump up ^ Madeleine Albright to Co-Chair Genocide Prevention Task Force, Huffington Post, November 20, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Armenian Americans Criticize Hypocrisy of Genocide Prevention Task Force Co-Chairs | Asbarez". Asbarez. Retrieved 2009-06-22.
Jump up ^ "Clinton named Secretary of State". BBC News. 1 December 2008. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
Jump up ^ Lamb, Christina (October 4, 2009). "Madeleine Albright reveals Brooch Diplomacy Pinned Down Adversaries". London: The Sunday Times [UK]. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Spiering, Charlie (21 August 2012). "Madeleine Albright campaigns for Obama: We’re going to blame Bush 'forever'". Washington Examiner. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
Jump up ^ Robillard, Kevin (21 August 2012). "Madeleine Albright: Dems should blame George W. Bush 'forever'". Politico. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "About Albright Stonebridge Group". Albright Stonebridge Group. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Madeleine Albright in Board of The Hague Institute for Global Justice" on YouTube, Youtube. uploaded May 31, 2011 by THIGJTHIGJ.
Jump up ^ "Honorary Chairs". World Justice Project. Retrieved 2016-11-28.
Jump up ^ "What We Do – The World Justice Project". World Justice Project. Retrieved 2016-11-28.
Jump up ^ "Soros, Albright, Rothschild in $350m Deal". Institutional Investor. 2009-11-30. Retrieved 2014-03-26.
Jump up ^ Mills, Lauren. "Soros Joins Top Names in African Deal" (PDF). Helios Investment. Retrieved 2014-03-26.
^ Jump up to: a b The Mighty and the Almighty: Reflections on America, God, and World Affairs. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0060892586. Retrieved 2010-09-09.
Jump up ^ Rosen, Mike (2002-03-15). "U.S., U.N. not to blame for deaths of Iraqis". Rocky Mountain News. Archived from the original on 2002-04-14.
Jump up ^ "Albright's Blunder". Irvine Review. 2002. Archived from the original on 2003-06-03. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
^ Jump up to: a b Albright, Madeleine (2003). Madam Secretary: A Memoir. pp. 274, 275.
Jump up ^ "The Politics of Dead Children: Have Sanctions against Iraq Murdered Millions?". Reason magazine. March 2002. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
Jump up ^ "Economics Sanctions and Iraq: 'The Non-Denial Heard 'Round the World'". How the World Works: A Brief Survey of International Relations. CourseSmart. ISBN 978-0-205-72905-0.
Jump up ^ Spagat, Michael (September 2010). "Truth and death in Iraq under sanctions" (PDF). Significance.
Jump up ^ "Lesley Stahl". CBS News. 1998. Retrieved 2011-06-05.
Jump up ^ Interview on NBC-TV, (Transcript, February 19, 1998, USIS Washington File, http://fas.org/news/iraq/1998/02/19/98021907_tpo.html).
^ Jump up to: a b Suzanne Smalley (2000-05-17). "Germans lost their art, too: Family says Albright's father took paintings". The Prague Post. Retrieved 2010-03-12.
Jump up ^ Pratele Srbu na Kosovu (2012). Madeleine Albright in Prague: "Disgusting Serbs!" (in Czech). Prague, Palác Knih Luxor: YouTube: pratelesrbunakosovu. Event occurs at 1:00. Retrieved 2012-10-28.
Jump up ^ "Madeleine Albright's scrap with pro-Serbian activists". The Atlantic. 2012-10-29.
Jump up ^ Emir Kusturica i Vaclav Dvorak (in Czech). Prague: YouTube: sigor108. 2012. Retrieved 2012-11-15.
Jump up ^ Wirnitzer, Jan (2012-11-13). "Aktivisté dali trestní oznámení na Albrightovou kvůli "odporným Srbům"" (in Czech). iDnes.
Jump up ^ Matlack, Carol (2012-08-30). "Albright firm eyes Kosovo's contested state telecom". Businessweek.
Jump up ^ Alan Rappeport, Gloria Steinem and Madeleine Albright Rebuke Young Women Backing Bernie Sanders, New York Times (February 8, 2016).
Jump up ^ Madeleine Albright, My Undiplomatic Moment, New York Times (February 12, 2016).
Jump up ^ "Madeleine Albright to deliver Washington University's 142nd Commencement address". Washington University in St. Louis. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ "UNC News Release – Five to receive honorary degrees at Carolina's Spring Commencement". University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 2007-05-03. Retrieved 2009-06-22.
Jump up ^ "Knox Announces Honorary Degree Recipients". Knox College. Retrieved 2016-11-28.
Jump up ^ "Honorary Degrees". Tufts University. Retrieved 2015-05-29.
Jump up ^ Albright, Madeleine (29 September 2009). "Read My Pins: Stories from a Diplomat's Jewel Box by Madeleine Albright". Harper Collins. Retrieved 16 October 2009.
Jump up ^ "Sunday Morning with Katie Couric – Madeleine Albright's Pins". CBS News, USA. 29 September 2009. Retrieved 3 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Albright, Madeleine, Prague Winter: A Personal Story of Remembrance and War, 1937–1948, Amazon.com.
Works cited
Albright, Madeleine (2003). Madam Secretary: A Memoir. Miramax; 1ST edition. p. 576. ISBN 0-7868-6843-0.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Madeleine Albright.
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Madeleine Albright
Wikisource has original works written by or about:
Madeleine Albright
Appearances on C-SPAN
Madeleine Albright at TED
2007 commencement speech, Wellesley College
HarperCollins profile (her publisher)
Audio recording of Albright's talk, "The Mighty and the Almighty," as part of the University of Chicago World Beyond the Headlines series.
Madeleine Albright Video produced by Makers: Women Who Make America
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by
Edward Perkins United States Ambassador to the United Nations
1993–1997 Succeeded by
Bill Richardson
Political offices
Preceded by
Warren Christopher United States Secretary of State
1997–2001 Succeeded by
Colin Powell
[show]
v
t
e
United States Secretaries of State
Secretary of Foreign Affairs
1781–89
R. Livingston
Jay
Secretary of State
1789–present
Jefferson
Randolph
Pickering
J. Marshall
Madison
Smith
Monroe
Adams
Clay
Van Buren
E. Livingston
McLane
Forsyth
Webster
Upshur
Calhoun
Buchanan
Clayton
Webster
Everett
Marcy
Cass
Black
Seward
Washburne
Fish
Evarts
Blaine
Frelinghuysen
Bayard
Blaine
Foster
Gresham
Olney
Sherman
Day
Hay
Root
Bacon
Knox
Bryan
Lansing
Colby
Hughes
Kellogg
Stimson
Hull
Stettinius
Byrnes
G. Marshall
Acheson
Dulles
Herter
Rusk
Rogers
Kissinger
Vance
Muskie
Haig
Shultz
Baker
Eagleburger
Christopher
Albright
Powell
Rice (tenure)
Clinton (tenure)
Kerry (tenure)
Tillerson
[show]
v
t
e
United States Ambassadors to the United Nations
Stettinius
Austin
Lodge
Wadsworth
Stevenson
Goldberg
Ball
Wiggins
Yost
Bush
Scali
Moynihan
Scranton
Young
McHenry
Kirkpatrick
Walters
Pickering
Perkins
Albright
Richardson
Holbrooke
Negroponte
Danforth
Bolton
Khalilzad
Rice
Power
Haley
[show]
v
t
e
Cabinet of President Bill Clinton (1993–2001)
[hide]
Cabinet
Secretary of State
Warren M. Christopher (1993–97)
Madeleine Albright (1997–2001)
Secretary of the Treasury
Lloyd Bentsen (1993–94)
Robert Rubin (1995–99)
Larry Summers (1999–2001)
Secretary of Defense
Les Aspin (1993–94)
William J. Perry (1994–97)
William S. Cohen (1997–2001)
Attorney General
Janet Reno (1993–2001)
Secretary of the Interior
Bruce Babbitt (1993–2001)
Secretary of Agriculture
Mike Espy (1993–94)
Dan Glickman (1995–2001)
Secretary of Commerce
Ron Brown (1993–96)
Mickey Kantor (1996–97)
William M. Daley (1997–2000)
Norman Mineta (2000–01)
Secretary of Labor
Robert Reich (1993–97)
Alexis M. Herman (1997–2001)
Secretary of Health
and Human Services
Donna Shalala (1993–2001)
Secretary of Housing
and Urban Development
Henry G. Cisneros (1993–97)
Andrew M. Cuomo (1997–2001)
Secretary of Transportation
Federico Peña (1993–97)
Rodney Slater (1997–2001)
Secretary of Energy
Hazel O'Leary (1993–97)
Federico Peña (1997–98)
Bill Richardson (1998–2001)
Secretary of Education
Richard W. Riley (1993–2001)
Secretary of Veterans Affairs
Jesse Brown (1993–97)
Togo West (1998–2000)
* Acting secretary
[hide]
Cabinet-level
Vice President
Al Gore (1993–2001)
White House Chief of Staff
Mack McLarty (1993–94)
Leon Panetta (1994–97)
Erskine Bowles (1997–98)
John Podesta (1998–2001)
Administrator of the
Environmental Protection Agency
Carol M. Browner (1993–2001)
Ambassador to the United Nations
Madeleine Albright (1993–97)
Bill Richardson (1997–98)
Richard C. Holbrooke (1999–2001)
Director of the Office of
Management and Budget
Leon Panetta (1993–94)
Alice Rivlin (1994–96)
Franklin D. Raines (1996–98)
Jack Lew (1998–2001)
Director of National
Drug Control Policy
Lee P. Brown (1993–95)
Barry McCaffrey (1996–2001)
Trade Representative
Mickey Kantor (1993–97)
Charlene Barshefsky (1997–2001)
Director of the Federal Emergency
Management Agency
James L. Witt (1993–2001)*
Director of Central Intelligence
R. James Woolsey Jr. (1993–95)
John M. Deutch (1995–96)
George Tenet (1997–2001)
Chairperson of the
Council of Economic Advisers
Laura Tyson (1993–95)
Joseph Stiglitz (1995–97)
Janet Yellen (1997–99)
Martin Neil Baily (1999–2001)
Administrator of the
Small Business Administration
Philip Lader (1994–97)
Aída M. Álverez (1997–2001)
* took office in 1993, raised to cabinet-rank in 1996
[show]
v
t
e
Theodore Roosevelt Award winners
1967: Eisenhower
1968: Saltonstall
1969: White
1970: Hovde
1971: Kraft Jr.
1972: Holland
1973: Bradley
1974: Owens
1975: Ford
1976: Hamilton
1977: Bradley
1978: Zornow
1979: Chandler
1980: Cooley
1981: Linkletter
1982: Cosby
1983: Palmer
1984: Lawrence
1985: Fleming
1986: Bush
1987: Zable
1988: Not presented
1989: Ebert
1990: Reagan
1991: Gibson
1992: Kemp
1993: Alexander
1994: Johnson
1995: Mathias
1996: Wooden
1997: Payne
1998: Dole
1999: Richardson
2000: Staubach
2001: Cohen
2002: Shriver
2003: de Varona
2004: Page
2005: Ride
2006: Kraft
2007: Tagliabue
2008: Glenn
2009: Albright
2010: Mitchell
2011: Dunwoody
2012: Allen
2013: Dungy
2014: Mills
2015: Jackson
2016: Ueberroth
2017: Brooke-Marciniak
[show]
v
t
e
Anna Lindh Prize laureates
Amira Hass (2004)
Tostan (2005)
Tatsiana Revjaka (2006)
Leonor Zabalata Torres (2007)
Khin Ohmar (2008)
Mohamed Nasheed (2009)
Jean Zaru (2010)
Centre for Liberian Assistance (2011)
Center for Roma Initiatives (2012)
Madeleine Albright (2013)
[show]
v
t
e
Colorado Women's Hall of Fame
[show]
1980–1989
1985
Archuleta, LenaLena Archuleta
Bird, IsabellaIsabella Bird
Bonfils, HelenHelen Bonfils
Brown, MollyMolly Brown
Chipeta
Chase, Mary CoyleMary Coyle Chase
Eisenhower, MamieMamie Eisenhower
Ford, JustinaJustina Ford
Griffith, EmilyEmily Griffith
Jackson, Helen HuntHelen Hunt Jackson
Lamm, DottieDottie Lamm
Maxwell, MarthaMartha Maxwell
Meir, GoldaGolda Meir
Owl Woman
Rippon, MaryMary Rippon
Sabin, FlorenceFlorence Sabin
Schmoll, HazelHazel Schmoll
Schroeder, PatPat Schroeder
Stanton, May BonfilsMay Bonfils Stanton
Steinbeck, AnneAnne Steinbeck
Stockton, RuthRuth Stockton
Tabor, Baby DoeBaby Doe Tabor
Wormington-Volk, MarieMarie Wormington-Volk
Yancey, JeanJean Yancey
1986
Brico, AntoniaAntonia Brico
Peterson, Helen WhiteHelen White Peterson
Roche, JosephineJosephine Roche
Smith, Eudochia BellEudochia Bell Smith
1987
Goldberg, MiriamMiriam Goldberg
Jacobs, Frances WisebartFrances Wisebart Jacobs
Lathrop, Mary FlorenceMary Florence Lathrop
Walker, Lenore E.Lenore E. Walker
1988
Churchill, CarolineCaroline Churchill
Crain, OletaOleta Crain
Orullian, LaRaeLaRae Orullian
Stone, Elizabeth Hickok RobbinsElizabeth Hickok Robbins Stone
1989
Brown, ClaraClara Brown
Fallis, Edwina HumeEdwina Hume Fallis
Hennessy, SumikoSumiko Hennessy
Robinson, Cleo ParkerCleo Parker Robinson
[show]
1990–1999
1990
Bancroft, CarolineCaroline Bancroft
Cantwell, Hendrika B.Hendrika B. Cantwell
Platt-Decker, SarahSarah Platt-Decker
Ries, Jane SilversteinJane Silverstein Ries
1991
Black, Helen MarieHelen Marie Black
Fiore, GenevieveGenevieve Fiore
Tabor, AugustaAugusta Tabor
Webb, WilmaWilma Webb
1996
Van Derbur, MarilynMarilyn Van Derbur
Birkland, JoanJoan Birkland
Boulding, Elise M.Elise M. Boulding
Crawford, Dana HudkinsDana Hudkins Crawford
Curry, MargaretMargaret Curry
Finkel, Terri H.Terri H. Finkel
Gilfoyle, Elnora M.Elnora M. Gilfoyle
Long, Mary Hauck ElitchMary Hauck Elitch Long
McConnell-Mills, FrancesFrances McConnell-Mills
Noel, Rachel BassetteRachel Bassette Noel
Walter, Mildred PittsMildred Pitts Walter
1997
Anderson, SusanSusan Anderson
Archuleta, EppieEppie Archuleta
Barry, CealCeal Barry
Bourdas, JuanaJuana Bourdas
Hunt, SwaneeSwanee Hunt
Muse, ReyneldaReynelda Muse
Tobin, Mary LukeMary Luke Tobin
[show]
2000–2009
2000
Baca, PollyPolly Baca
Burns, JoyJoy Burns
Heath, JosieJosie Heath
Lincoln, J. VirginiaJ. Virginia Lincoln
Robinson, Pauline ShortPauline Short Robinson
Urioste, Martha M.Martha M. Urioste
Weinshienk, ZitaZita Weinshienk
Alvarado, LindaLinda Alvarado
Fraser, VirginiaVirginia Fraser
2002
Gaskill, GudrunGudrun Gaskill
Joselyn, Jo Ann CramJo Ann Cram Joselyn
Miller, MaryMary Miller
Miller, SueSue Miller
Tanner, GloriaGloria Tanner
Warner, Emily HowellEmily Howell Warner
2004
Anna Lee AldredAnna Lee Aldred
Boyd, Louie CroftLouie Croft Boyd
Chambers, MerleMerle Chambers
Gabow, PatriciaPatricia Gabow
LaNier, CarlottaCarlotta LaNier
Perry, AntoinetteAntoinette Perry
Perry, CharlotteCharlotte Perry and Mansfield, PortiaPortia Mansfield
Taylor, Arie ParksArie Parks Taylor
2006
Allen, StephanieStephanie Allen
Collins, JudyJudy Collins
Downs, MarionMarion Downs
Estés, Clarissa PinkolaClarissa Pinkola Estés
Hirschfeld, ArleneArlene Hirschfeld
Jones, JeanJean Jones
Lorber, FannieFannie Lorber
Solomon, SusanSusan Solomon
Spencer, CarolineCaroline Spencer
Spitz, VivienVivien Spitz
2008
Anschutz-Rodgers, SueSue Anschutz-Rodgers
Alicia Cuarón, AliciaAlicia Alicia Cuarón
Dennis, EvieEvie Dennis
Dubofsky, JeanJean Dubofsky
Makepeace, Mary LouMary Lou Makepeace
Nie, LilyLily Nie
Petteys, AnnaAnna Petteys
Routt, ElizaEliza Routt
Woltman, RheaRhea Woltman
Zaharias, Mildred DidriksonMildred Didrikson Zaharias
[show]
2010–2019
2010
Albright, MadeleineMadeleine Albright
Greenberg, ElinorElinor Greenberg
Guajardo, MariaMaria Guajardo
Marrack, PhilippaPhilippa Marrack
Martinez, RamonaRamona Martinez
McDaniel, HattieHattie McDaniel
O'Brien, SusanSusan O'Brien
Scott, Bartley MarieBartley Marie Scott
Taylor, Alice BemisAlice Bemis Taylor
Tietjen, JillJill Tietjen
2012
Anseth, Kristi S.Kristi S. Anseth
Bonnema, JanetJanet Bonnema
Duncan, Fannie MaeFannie Mae Duncan
Ford, Loretta C.Loretta C. Ford
Gallegos, Erinea GarciaErinea Garcia Gallegos
Gilpin, LauraLaura Gilpin
Grandin, TempleTemple Grandin
Hsu, Ding-WenDing-Wen Hsu
Kerwin, Mary AnnMary Ann Kerwin
Mullarkey, Mary J.Mary J. Mullarkey
2014
Julia Archibald Holmes
Elizabeth Wright Ingraham
Christine Arguello
Lauren Young Casteel
Penny Hamilton
Kristina Johnson
Diana Wall
Joanne M. Maguire
Elizabeth Morley Cowles
Helen Ring Robinson
2015
Anna Jo Haynes
Arlene Vigil Kramer
Lydia Peña
Sandra I. Rothenberg
Shari Shink
Judith Wagner
Anne Evans
Minnie Harding
Laura Ann Hershey
Elizabeth Pellet
[show]
v
t
e
Inductees to the National Women's Hall of Fame
[show]
1970–1979
1973
Jane Addams
Marian Anderson
Susan B. Anthony
Clara Barton
Mary McLeod Bethune
Elizabeth Blackwell
Pearl S. Buck
Rachel Carson
Mary Cassatt
Emily Dickinson
Amelia Earhart
Alice Hamilton
Helen Hayes
Helen Keller
Eleanor Roosevelt
Florence Sabin
Margaret Chase Smith
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Helen Brooke Taussig
Harriet Tubman
1976
Abigail Adams
Margaret Mead
Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias
1979
Dorothea Dix
Juliette Gordon Low
Alice Paul
Elizabeth Bayley Seton
[show]
1980–1989
1981
Margaret Sanger
Sojourner Truth
1982
Carrie Chapman Catt
Frances Perkins
1983
Belva Lockwood
Lucretia Mott
1984
Mary "Mother" Harris Jones
Bessie Smith
1986
Barbara McClintock
Lucy Stone
Harriet Beecher Stowe
1988
Gwendolyn Brooks
Willa Cather
Sally Ride
Ida B. Wells-Barnett
[show]
1990–1999
1990
Margaret Bourke-White
Barbara Jordan
Billie Jean King
Florence B. Seibert
1991
Gertrude Belle Elion
1993
Ethel Percy Andrus
Antoinette Blackwell
Emily Blackwell
Shirley Chisholm
Jacqueline Cochran
Ruth Colvin
Marian Wright Edelman
Alice Evans
Betty Friedan
Ella Grasso
Martha Wright Griffiths
Fannie Lou Hamer
Dorothy Height
Dolores Huerta
Mary Jacobi
Mae Jemison
Mary Lyon
Mary Mahoney
Wilma Mankiller
Constance Baker Motley
Georgia O'Keeffe
Annie Oakley
Rosa Parks
Esther Peterson
Jeannette Rankin
Ellen Swallow Richards
Elaine Roulet
Katherine Siva Saubel
Gloria Steinem
Helen Stephens
Lillian Wald
Madam C. J. Walker
Faye Wattleton
Rosalyn S. Yalow
Gloria Yerkovich
1994
Bella Abzug
Ella Baker
Myra Bradwell
Annie Jump Cannon
Jane Cunningham Croly
Catherine East
Geraldine Ferraro
Charlotte Perkins Gilman
Grace Hopper
Helen LaKelly Hunt
Zora Neale Hurston
Anne Hutchinson
Frances Wisebart Jacobs
Susette La Flesche
Louise McManus
Maria Mitchell
Antonia Novello
Linda Richards
Wilma Rudolph
Betty Bone Schiess
Muriel Siebert
Nettie Stevens
Oprah Winfrey
Sarah Winnemucca
Fanny Wright
1995
Virginia Apgar
Ann Bancroft
Amelia Bloomer
Mary Breckinridge
Eileen Collins
Elizabeth Hanford Dole
Anne Dallas Dudley
Mary Baker Eddy
Ella Fitzgerald
Margaret Fuller
Matilda Joslyn Gage
Lillian Moller Gilbreth
Nannerl O. Keohane
Maggie Kuhn
Sandra Day O'Connor
Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin
Patricia Schroeder
Hannah Greenebaum Solomon
1996
Louisa May Alcott
Charlotte Anne Bunch
Frances Xavier Cabrini
Mary A. Hallaren
Oveta Culp Hobby
Wilhelmina Cole Holladay
Anne Morrow Lindbergh
Maria Goeppert-Mayer
Ernestine Louise Potowski Rose
Maria Tallchief
Edith Wharton
1998
Madeleine Albright
Maya Angelou
Nellie Bly
Lydia Moss Bradley
Mary Steichen Calderone
Mary Ann Shadd Cary
Joan Ganz Cooney
Gerty Cori
Sarah Grimké
Julia Ward Howe
Shirley Ann Jackson
Shannon Lucid
Katharine Dexter McCormick
Rozanne L. Ridgway
Edith Nourse Rogers
Felice Schwartz
Eunice Kennedy Shriver
Beverly Sills
Florence Wald
Angelina Grimké Weld
Chien-Shiung Wu
[show]
2000–2009
2000
Faye Glenn Abdellah
Emma Smith DeVoe
Marjory Stoneman Douglas
Mary Dyer
Sylvia A. Earle
Crystal Eastman
Jeanne Holm
Leontine T. Kelly
Frances Oldham Kelsey
Kate Mullany
Janet Reno
Anna Howard Shaw
Sophia Smith
Ida Tarbell
Wilma L. Vaught
Mary Edwards Walker
Annie Dodge Wauneka
Eudora Welty
Frances E. Willard
2001
Dorothy H. Andersen
Lucille Ball
Rosalynn Carter
Lydia Maria Child
Bessie Coleman
Dorothy Day
Marian de Forest
Althea Gibson
Beatrice A. Hicks
Barbara Holdridge
Harriet Williams Russell Strong
Emily Howell Warner
Victoria Woodhull
2002
Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis
Ruth Bader Ginsburg
Katharine Graham
Bertha Holt
Mary Engle Pennington
Mercy Otis Warren
2003
Linda G. Alvarado
Donna de Varona
Gertrude Ederle
Martha Matilda Harper
Patricia Roberts Harris
Stephanie L. Kwolek
Dorothea Lange
Mildred Robbins Leet
Patsy Takemoto Mink
Sacagawea
Anne Sullivan
Sheila E. Widnall
2005
Florence Ellinwood Allen
Ruth Fulton Benedict
Betty Bumpers
Hillary Clinton
Rita Rossi Colwell
Mother Marianne Cope
Maya Y. Lin
Patricia A. Locke
Blanche Stuart Scott
Mary Burnett Talbert
2007
Eleanor K. Baum
Julia Child
Martha Coffin Pelham Wright
Swanee Hunt
Winona LaDuke
Elisabeth Kübler-Ross
Judith L. Pipher
Catherine Filene Shouse
Henrietta Szold
2009
Louise Bourgeois
Mildred Cohn
Karen DeCrow
Susan Kelly-Dreiss
Allie B. Latimer
Emma Lazarus
Ruth Patrick
Rebecca Talbot Perkins
Susan Solomon
Kate Stoneman
[show]
2010–2019
2011
St. Katharine Drexel
Dorothy Harrison Eustis
Loretta C. Ford
Abby Kelley Foster
Helen Murray Free
Billie Holiday
Coretta Scott King
Lilly Ledbetter
Barbara A. Mikulski
Donna E. Shalala
Kathrine Switzer
2013
Betty Ford
Ina May Gaskin
Julie Krone
Kate Millett
Nancy Pelosi
Mary Joseph Rogers
Bernice Sandler
Anna Schwartz
Emma Willard
2015
Tenley Albright
Nancy Brinker
Martha Graham
Marcia Greenberger
Barbara Iglewski
Jean Kilbourne
Carlotta Walls LaNier
Philippa Marrack
Mary Harriman Rumsey
Eleanor Smeal
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 51856708
LCCN: n83125999
ISNI: 0000 0003 6849 8039
GND: 120089378
SELIBR: 294215
SUDOC: 075731959
BNF: cb13563837z (data)
NLA: 36341867
NKC: jn19981000066
RLS: 000080296
IATH: w6ss5358
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madeleine_Albright&oldid=798865866"
Categories:
Clinton administration cabinet members
1937 births
20th-century American politicians
American Episcopalians
American people of Czech-Jewish descent
American women diplomats
Converts to Anglicanism from Roman Catholicism
Czech emigrants to the United States
Czech expatriates in England
Czech people of Jewish descent
Czechoslovak emigrants to the United States
Czechoslovak expatriates in the United Kingdom
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Female foreign ministers
Georgetown University faculty
Grand Order of Queen Jelena recipients
Living people
Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies alumni
People from Loudoun County, Virginia
People from Beaconsfield
People from Notting Hill
People from Prague
People from Walton-on-Thames
People with acquired American citizenship
Permanent Representatives of the United States to the United Nations
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, 1st Class
Recipients of the Order of the White Lion
School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University alumni
United States Secretaries of State
Wellesley College alumni
Women members of the Cabinet of the United States
Albright family
Hidden categories:
Pages containing links to subscription-only content
CS1 Czech-language sources (cs)
Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected biographies of living people
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from March 2017
Articles with unsourced statements from January 2017
Articles with hCards
Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers
Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers
Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers
Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers
Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers
Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
View source
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Wikiquote
Wikisource
Languages
Afrikaans
العربية
Azərbaycanca
বাংলা
Bân-lâm-gú
Беларуская
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
Български
Bosanski
Català
Čeština
Cymraeg
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Føroyskt
Français
Gaeilge
한국어
Հայերեն
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
Basa Jawa
ქართული
Kiswahili
Latviešu
Lëtzebuergesch
Lietuvių
Magyar
Македонски
മലയാളം
მარგალური
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
नेपाली
日本語
Norsk
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Scots
Shqip
සිංහල
Simple English
Slovenčina
کوردی
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
Tagalog
தமிழ்
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Việt
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 4 September 2017, at 07:52.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

attrs: id class style

value: a

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href title

values: This article is semi-protected to promote compliance with the policy on biographies of living people

attrs: class id

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: span

value: th

attrs: colspan style

value: tr

attrs: href class

value: td

value: b

values: United States Ambassador to the United Nations

values:
/wiki/Kensington_Park_Road
mw-redirect
Kensington Park Road

values:
/wiki/Air-raid_shelter#Morrison_shelter
mw-redirect
Air-raid shelter

values:
/wiki/European_Theatre_of_World_War_II
mw-redirect
European Theatre of World War II

values:
/wiki/Ethnic_Germans
mw-redirect
Ethnic Germans

values:
/wiki/Marxist_ideology
mw-redirect
Marxist ideology

values:
/wiki/United_Nations_Headquarters
mw-redirect
United Nations Headquarters

values:
/wiki/Political_asylum
mw-redirect
Political asylum

values: Josef Korbel School of International Studies

values:
/wiki/Fort_Leonard_Wood_(military_base)
mw-redirect
Fort Leonard Wood (military base)

values: Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies

values: School of International and Public Affairs

values: People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs

values: United States presidential election, 1976

values: National Security Advisor (United States)

values: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars

values:
/wiki/Ambassador_to_the_United_Nations
mw-redirect
Ambassador to the United Nations

values:
/wiki/United_Nations_Secretary-General
mw-redirect
United Nations Secretary-General

values:
/wiki/UN_Permanent_Representative
mw-redirect
UN Permanent Representative

values: United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda

values:
/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service
mw-redirect
Public Broadcasting Service

values: United States presidential line of succession

values:
/wiki/Military_of_the_United_States
mw-redirect
Military of the United States

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: Prague Society for International Cooperation

values:
/wiki/Albright_Group
mw-redirect
Albright Group

values:
/wiki/Albright_Capital_Management
mw-redirect
Albright Capital Management

values:
/wiki/George_W._Bush_administration
mw-redirect
George W. Bush administration

values: National Democratic Institute for International Affairs

values:
/wiki/Truman_Scholarship
mw-redirect
Truman Scholarship

values: Commission on Legal Empowerment of the Poor

values:
/wiki/National_Press_Club_(USA)
mw-redirect
National Press Club (USA)

values:
/wiki/United_States_Institute_for_Peace
mw-redirect
United States Institute for Peace

values:
/wiki/Armenian_genocide
mw-redirect
Armenian genocide

values:
/wiki/Museum_of_Art_and_Design
mw-redirect
Museum of Art and Design

values:
/wiki/Russian_Foreign_Minister
mw-redirect
Russian Foreign Minister

values: Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2012

values:
/wiki/George_W._Bush_Administration
mw-redirect
George W. Bush Administration

values:
/wiki/Rule_of_Law
mw-redirect
Rule of Law

values:
/wiki/UN_sanctions_against_Iraq
mw-redirect
UN sanctions against Iraq

values:
/wiki/Washington_Post
mw-redirect
Washington Post

values:
/wiki/NATO_bombing_of_Serbia
mw-redirect
NATO bombing of Serbia

values: Hillary Clinton presidential campaign, 2016

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2017)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)

values: font-size:0.95em; font-size: 90%; color: #555

values:
nofollow
http://www.slate.com/id/25857/
external text

values:
/wiki/Frontline_(US_TV_series)
mw-redirect
Frontline (US TV series)

values:
nofollow
external text
https://mortara.georgetown.edu/faculty

values:
/wiki/St._Petersburg_Times
mw-redirect
St. Petersburg Times

values:
/wiki/Washington_D.C
mw-redirect
Washington D.C

values:
/wiki/Huffington_Post
mw-redirect
Huffington Post

values:
/wiki/Irvine_Review
mw-redirect
Irvine Review

values:
/wiki/Significance_(journal)
mw-redirect
Significance (journal)

values:
/wiki/Harper_Collins
mw-redirect
Harper Collins

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.amazon.com/dp/0062030310

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

attrs: alt src width height style srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
nofollow
https://cis.uchicago.edu/wbh/
external text

values: Template:United States Secretaries of State

values: Template talk:United States Secretaries of State

values: List of Secretaries of State of the United States

values: United States Secretary of Foreign Affairs

values:
navbox-image
2
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: Condoleezza Rice's tenure as Secretary of State

values: Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State

values: John Kerry's tenure as Secretary of State

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
navbox-image
1
width:1px;padding:0px 2px 0px 0px

values:
/wiki/Edward_Stettinius,_Jr.
mw-redirect
Edward Stettinius, Jr.

values: US Department of State official seal.svg

values:
navbox-image
1
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: Bill Clinton, forty-second President of the United States

values:
navbox-image
14
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: United States Secretary of Health and Human Services

values: United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development

values: United States Secretary of Transportation

values: United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs

values: nowraplinks collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup

values: Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency

values: Office of the United States Trade Representative

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: Template talk:NCAA Theodore Roosevelt Award

values: Template:Footer Anna Lindh Prize laureates

values: Template talk:Footer Anna Lindh Prize laureates

values: Leonor Zabalata Torres (page does not exist)

values: Centre for Liberian Assistance (page does not exist)

values: Center for Roma Initiatives (page does not exist)

values: Template talk:Colorado Women's Hall of Fame

values:
/wiki/Molly_Brown
mw-redirect
Molly Brown

values:
/wiki/Mary_Coyle_Chase
mw-redirect
Mary Coyle Chase

values:
/wiki/Emily_Griffith
mw-redirect
Emily Griffith

values:
/wiki/Florence_Sabin
mw-redirect
Florence Sabin

values:
/wiki/Marie_Wormington-Volk
mw-redirect
Marie Wormington-Volk

values:
/wiki/Helen_Louise_Peterson
mw-redirect
Helen Louise Peterson

values: Eudochia Bell Smith (page does not exist)

values: Mary Florence Lathrop (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Caroline_Churchill
mw-redirect
Caroline Churchill

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup

values: Elnora M. Gilfoyle (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Mary_Hauck_Elitch_Long
mw-redirect
Mary Hauck Elitch Long

values:
/wiki/Rachel_Bassette_Noel
mw-redirect
Rachel Bassette Noel

values: Mildred Pitts Walter (page does not exist)

values: Pauline Short Robinson (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Zita_Weinshienk
mw-redirect
Zita Weinshienk

values:
/wiki/Linda_Alvarado
mw-redirect
Linda Alvarado

values: Jo Ann Cram Joselyn (page does not exist)

values: Mary Miller (Colorado) (page does not exist)

values: Sue Miller (cancer activist) (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Carlotta_LaNier
mw-redirect
Carlotta LaNier

values: Jean Jones (Colorado) (page does not exist)

values: Caroline Spencer (physician) (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Vivien_Spitz
mw-redirect
Vivien Spitz

values: Alicia Alicia Cuarón (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Eliza_Routt
mw-redirect
Eliza Routt

values:
/wiki/Babe_Zaharias
mw-redirect
Babe Zaharias

values:
/wiki/Elinor_Greenberg
mw-redirect
Elinor Greenberg

values: Bartley Marie Scott (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Kristi_S._Anseth
mw-redirect
Kristi S. Anseth

values:
/wiki/Loretta_C._Ford
mw-redirect
Loretta C. Ford

values: Erinea Garcia Gallegos (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Kristina_Johnson
mw-redirect
Kristina Johnson

values: Elizabeth Morley Cowles (page does not exist)

values: Arlene Vigil Kramer (page does not exist)

values: Sandra I. Rothenberg (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Laura_Ann_Hershey
mw-redirect
Laura Ann Hershey

values: Template talk:National Women's Hall of Fame

values:
/wiki/Sister_Elaine_Roulet
mw-redirect
Sister Elaine Roulet

values:
/wiki/Patricia_Schroeder
mw-redirect
Patricia Schroeder

values:
/wiki/Blanche_Stuart_Scott
mw-redirect
Blanche Stuart Scott

values:
/wiki/Judith_L._Pipher
mw-redirect
Judith L. Pipher

values:
nofollow
external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/51856708

values:
nofollow
external text
http://isni.org/isni/0000000368498039

values:
nofollow
external text
http://d-nb.info/gnd/120089378

values:
nofollow
external text
https://libris.kb.se/auth/294215

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.idref.fr/075731959

values:
nofollow
external text
https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36341867

values: Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities

values: Category:Clinton administration cabinet members

values: Category:American people of Czech-Jewish descent

values: Category:Converts to Anglicanism from Roman Catholicism

values: Category:Czech emigrants to the United States

values: Category:Czechoslovak emigrants to the United States

values: Category:Czechoslovak expatriates in the United Kingdom

values: Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

values: Category:Grand Order of Queen Jelena recipients

values: Category:Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies alumni

values: Category:People from Loudoun County, Virginia

values: Category:People with acquired American citizenship

values: Category:Permanent Representatives of the United States to the United Nations

values: Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients

values: Category:Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, 1st Class

values: Category:Recipients of the Order of the White Lion

values: Category:School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University alumni

values: Category:United States Secretaries of State

values: Category:Women members of the Cabinet of the United States

values: Category:Pages containing links to subscription-only content

values: Category:CS1 Czech-language sources (cs)

values: Category:Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected biographies of living people

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2017

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2017

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values:
/wiki/Madeleine_Albright
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values:
This page is protected.
You can view its source [ctrl-alt-e]

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: مادلين أولبرايت – Arabic

values: ম্যাডেলিন অলব্রাইট – Bangla

values: Мадлен Олбрайт – Belarusian

values: Мадлен Олбрайт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values: Мадлин Олбрайт – Bulgarian

values: مادلین آلبرایت – Persian

values: 매들린 올브라이트 – Korean

values: Մադլեն Օլբրայթ – Armenian

values: מדליין אולברייט – Hebrew

values: მადლენ ოლბრაიტი – Georgian

values: Медeлин Олбрајт – Macedonian

values: മഡലീൻ ആൽബ്രൈറ്റ് – Malayalam

values: მადლენ ოლბრაიტი – Mingrelian

values: मेडलिन अलब्राइट – Nepali

values: マデレーン・オルブライト – Japanese

values: Олбрайт, Мадлен – Russian

values: මැඩ්ලින් ඕල්බ්‍රයිට් – Sinhala

values: مادلێن ئۆڵبرایت – Central Kurdish

values: Медлин Олбрајт – Serbian

values: மாடிலின் ஆல்பிரைட் – Tamil

values: แมเดลิน อาลไบรต์ – Thai

values: Мадлен Олбрайт – Ukrainian

values: 马德琳·奥尔布赖特 – Chinese

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Madeleine_Albright rootpage-Madeleine_Albright skin-vector action-view