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Wall Street Crash of 1929
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"Black Tuesday" redirects here. For other uses, see Black Tuesday (disambiguation).
For other uses, see Wall Street Crash (disambiguation).
Crowd gathering on Wall Street after the 1929 crash.
The Wall Street Crash of 1929, also known as Black Tuesday (October 29),[1] the Great Crash, or the Stock Market Crash of 1929, began on October 24, 1929 ("Black Thursday"), and was the most devastating stock market crash in the history of the United States, when taking into consideration the full extent and duration of its after effects.[2] The crash, which followed the London Stock Exchange's crash of September, signalled the beginning of the 12-year Great Depression that affected all Western industrialized countries.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Timeline
2 Analysis
2.1 Economic fundamentals
2.2 Subsequent actions
2.3 World War II
3 Effects
3.1 Effect on Europe
4 Academic debate
5 See also
6 Notes
7 Further reading
8 External links
Timeline[edit]
The Dow Jones Industrial Average, 1928–1930
The Roaring Twenties, the decade that followed World War I and led to the crash,[4] was a time of wealth and excess. Building on post-war optimism, rural Americans migrated to the cities in vast numbers throughout the decade with the hopes of finding a more prosperous life in the ever-growing expansion of America's industrial sector.[5] While the American cities prospered, the overproduction of agricultural produce created widespread financial despair among American farmers throughout the decade.[5] This would later be blamed as one of the key factors that led to the 1929 stock market crash.[6]
Despite the dangers of speculation, many believed that the stock market would continue to rise forever. On March 25, 1929, after the Federal Reserve warned of excessive speculation, a mini crash occurred as investors started to sell stocks at a rapid pace, exposing the market's shaky foundation.[7] Two days later, banker Charles E. Mitchell announced his company the National City Bank would provide $25 million in credit to stop the market's slide.[7] Mitchell's move brought a temporary halt to the financial crisis and call money declined from 20 to 8 percent.[7] However, the American economy showed ominous signs of trouble:[7] steel production declined, construction was sluggish, automobile sales went down, and consumers were building up high debts because of easy credit.[7] Despite all these economic trouble signs and the market breaks in March and May 1929, stocks resumed their advance in June and the gains continued almost unabated until early September 1929 (the Dow Jones average gained more than 20% between June and September). The market had been on a nine-year run that saw the Dow Jones Industrial Average increase in value tenfold, peaking at 381.17 on September 3, 1929.[7] Shortly before the crash, economist Irving Fisher famously proclaimed, "Stock prices have reached what looks like a permanently high plateau."[8] The optimism and financial gains of the great bull market were shaken after a well publicized early September prediction from financial expert Roger Babson that "a crash was coming". The initial September decline was thus called the "Babson Break" in the press. This was the start of the Great Crash, although until the severe phase of the crash in October, many investors regarded the September "Babson Break" as a "healthy correction" and buying opportunity.
On September 20, the London Stock Exchange crashed when top British investor Clarence Hatry and many of his associates were jailed for fraud and forgery.[9] The London crash greatly weakened the optimism of American investment in markets overseas.[9] In the days leading up to the crash, the market was severely unstable. Periods of selling and high volumes were interspersed with brief periods of rising prices and recovery.
Selling intensified in mid-October. On October 24 ("Black Thursday"), the market lost 11 percent of its value at the opening bell on very heavy trading. The huge volume meant that the report of prices on the ticker tape in brokerage offices around the nation was hours late, so investors had no idea what most stocks were actually trading for at that moment, increasing panic. Several leading Wall Street bankers met to find a solution to the panic and chaos on the trading floor.[10] The meeting included Thomas W. Lamont, acting head of Morgan Bank; Albert Wiggin, head of the Chase National Bank; and Charles E. Mitchell, president of the National City Bank of New York. They chose Richard Whitney, vice president of the Exchange, to act on their behalf.
With the bankers' financial resources behind him, Whitney placed a bid to purchase a large block of shares in U.S. Steel at a price well above the current market. As traders watched, Whitney then placed similar bids on other "blue chip" stocks. This tactic was similar to one that ended the Panic of 1907. It succeeded in halting the slide. The Dow Jones Industrial Average recovered, closing with it down only 6.38 points for the day. The rally continued on Friday, October 25, and the half day session on Saturday the 26th but, unlike 1907, the respite was only temporary.
The trading floor of the New York Stock Exchange in 1930, six months after the crash of 1929
Over the weekend, the events were covered by the newspapers across the United States. On October 28, "Black Monday",[11] more investors facing margin calls decided to get out of the market, and the slide continued with a record loss in the Dow for the day of 38.33 points, or 13%.
The next day, "Black Tuesday", October 29, 1929, about 16 million shares traded as the panic selling reached its peak. Some stocks actually had no buyers at any price that day ("air pockets"). The Dow lost an additional 30 points, or 12 percent.[12][13][14][15] The volume of stocks traded on October 29, 1929, was a record that was not broken for nearly 40 years.[13]
On October 29, William C. Durant joined with members of the Rockefeller family and other financial giants to buy large quantities of stocks to demonstrate to the public their confidence in the market, but their efforts failed to stop the large decline in prices. Due to the massive volume of stocks traded that day, the ticker did not stop running until about 7:45 p.m. The market had lost over $30 billion in the space of two days which included $14 billion on October 29 alone.[16]
Dow Jones Industrial Average on Black Monday and Black Tuesday[17]
Date
Change
% Change
Close
October 28, 1929 −38.33 −12.82 260.64
October 29, 1929 −30.57 −11.73 230.07
After a one-day recovery on October 30, where the Dow regained an additional 28.40 points, or 12 percent, to close at 258.47, the market continued to fall, arriving at an interim bottom on November 13, 1929, with the Dow closing at 198.60. The market then recovered for several months, starting on November 14, with the Dow gaining 18.59 points to close at 217.28, and reaching a secondary closing peak (i.e., bear market rally) of 294.07 on April 17, 1930. The following year, the Dow embarked on another, much longer, steady slide from April 1931 to July 8, 1932, when it closed at 41.22—its lowest level of the 20th century, concluding an 89 percent loss rate for all of the market's stocks. For most of the 1930s, the Dow began slowly to regain the ground it lost during the 1929 crash and the three years following it, beginning on March 15, 1933, with the largest percentage increase of 15.34 percent, with the Dow Jones closing at 62.10, with an 8.26 point increase. The largest percentage increases of the Dow Jones occurred during the early and mid-1930s. In late 1937, there was a sharp dip in the stock market, but prices held well above the 1932 lows. The market would not return to the peak closing of September 3, 1929, until November 23, 1954.[18][19]
Analysis[edit]
Economic fundamentals[edit]
The crash followed a speculative boom that had taken hold in the late 1920s. During the latter half of the 1920s, steel production, building construction, retail turnover, automobiles registered, even railway receipts advanced from record to record. The combined net profits of 536 manufacturing and trading companies showed an increase, in the first six months of 1929, of 36.6% over 1928, itself a record half-year. Iron and steel led the way with doubled gains.[20] Such figures set up a crescendo of stock-exchange speculation which had led hundreds of thousands of Americans to invest heavily in the stock market. A significant number of them were borrowing money to buy more stocks. By August 1929, brokers were routinely lending small investors more than two-thirds of the face value of the stocks they were buying. Over $8.5 billion was out on loan,[21] more than the entire amount of currency circulating in the U.S. at the time.[16][22]
The rising share prices encouraged more people to invest; people hoped the share prices would rise further. Speculation thus fueled further rises and created an economic bubble. Because of margin buying, investors stood to lose large sums of money if the market turned down—or even failed to advance quickly enough. The average P/E (price to earnings) ratio of S&P Composite stocks was 32.6 in September 1929,[23] clearly above historical norms.[24] As per the economist John Kenneth Galbraith, this exuberance also resulted in a large number of people placing their savings and money in leverage investment products like Goldman Sachs' "Blue ridge trust" and "Shenandoah trust". These too crashed in 1929 resulting in losses of $475 billion in today's dollars to banks.[25]
Sir George Paish
Good harvests had built up a mass of 250 million bushels of wheat to be "carried over" when 1929 opened. By May there was also a winter-wheat crop of 560 million bushels ready for harvest in the Mississippi Valley. This oversupply caused a drop in wheat prices so heavy that the net incomes of the farming population from wheat were threatened with extinction. Stock markets are always sensitive to the future state of commodity markets, and the slump in Wall Street predicted for May by Sir George Paish arrived on time. In June 1929, the position was saved by a severe drought in the Dakotas and the Canadian West, plus unfavorable seed times in Argentina and eastern Australia. The oversupply would now be wanted to fill the big gaps in the 1929 world wheat production. From 97¢ per bushel in May, the price of wheat rose to $1.49 in July. When it was seen that at this figure the American farmers would get rather more for their smaller crop than for that of 1928, up went stocks again and from far and wide orders came to buy shares for the profits to come.
In August, the wheat price fell when France and Italy were bragging of a magnificent harvest, and the situation in Australia improved. This sent a shiver through Wall Street and stock prices quickly dropped, but word of cheap stocks brought a fresh rush of "stags", amateur speculators and investors. Congress had also voted for a 100 million dollar relief package for the farmers, hoping to stabilize wheat prices. By October though, the price had fallen to $1.31 per bushel.[26]
Other important economic barometers were also slowing or even falling by mid-1929, including car sales, house sales, and steel production. The falling commodity and industrial production may have dented even American self-confidence, and the stock market peaked on September 3 at 381.17 just after Labor Day, then started to falter after Roger Babson issued his prescient "market crash" forecast. By the end of September, the market was down 10% from the peak (the "Babson Break"). Selling intensified in early and mid October, with sharp down days punctuated by a few up days. Panic selling on huge volume started the week of October 21 and intensified and culminated on October 24, the 28th and especially the 29th ("Black Tuesday").[27]
The president of the Chase National Bank said at the time: "We are reaping the natural fruit of the orgy of speculation in which millions of people have indulged. It was inevitable, because of the tremendous increase in the number of stockholders in recent years, that the number of sellers would be greater than ever when the boom ended and selling took the place of buying."[28]
Subsequent actions[edit]
In 1932, the Pecora Commission was established by the U.S. Senate to study the causes of the crash. The following year, the U.S. Congress passed the Glass–Steagall Act mandating a separation between commercial banks, which take deposits and extend loans, and investment banks, which underwrite, issue, and distribute stocks, bonds, and other securities.
After the experience of the 1929 crash, stock markets around the world instituted measures to suspend trading in the event of rapid declines, claiming that the measures would prevent such panic sales. However, the one-day crash of Black Monday, October 19, 1987, when the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 22.6%, was worse in percentage terms than any single day of the 1929 crash (although the combined 25% decline of October 28–29, 1929 was larger than October 19, 1987, and remains the worst two-day decline ever).
World War II[edit]
The American mobilization for World War II at the end of 1941 moved approximately ten million people out of the civilian labor force and into the war.[29] World War II had a dramatic effect on many parts of the economy, and may have hastened the end of the Great Depression in the United States.[30] Government-financed capital spending accounted for only 5 percent of the annual U.S. investment in industrial capital in 1940; by 1943, the government accounted for 67 percent of U.S. capital investment.[30]
Effects[edit]
Further information: Causes of the Great Depression
Crowd at New York's American Union Bank during a bank run early in the Great Depression
Together, the 1929 stock market crash and the Great Depression formed the largest financial crisis of the 20th century.[31] The panic of October 1929 has come to serve as a symbol of the economic contraction that gripped the world during the next decade.[32] The falls in share prices on October 24 and 29, 1929 were practically instantaneous in all financial markets, except Japan.[33]
The Wall Street Crash had a major impact on the U.S. and world economy, and it has been the source of intense academic debate—historical, economic, and political—from its aftermath until the present day. Some people believed that abuses by utility holding companies contributed to the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and the Depression that followed.[34] Many people blamed the crash on commercial banks that were too eager to put deposits at risk on the stock market.[35]
In 1930, 1,352 banks held more than $853 million in deposits; in 1931, one year later, 2,294 banks went down with nearly $1.7 billion in deposits. Many businesses failed (28,285 failures and a daily rate of 133 in 1931).
The 1929 crash brought the Roaring Twenties to a shuddering halt.[36] As tentatively expressed by economic historian Charles P. Kindleberger, in 1929, there was no lender of last resort effectively present, which, if it had existed and were properly exercised, would have been key in shortening the business slowdown[s] that normally follows financial crises.[33] The crash marked the beginning of widespread and long-lasting consequences for the United States. Historians still debate the question: did the 1929 Crash spark The Great Depression,[37] or did it merely coincide with the bursting of a loose credit-inspired economic bubble? Only 16% of American households were invested in the stock market within the United States during the period leading up to the depression, suggesting that the crash carried somewhat less of a weight in causing the depression.
Unemployed men march in Toronto
However, the psychological effects of the crash reverberated across the nation as businesses became aware of the difficulties in securing capital market investments for new projects and expansions. Business uncertainty naturally affects job security for employees, and as the American worker (the consumer) faced uncertainty with regards to income, naturally the propensity to consume declined. The decline in stock prices caused bankruptcies and severe macroeconomic difficulties including contraction of credit, business closures, firing of workers, bank failures, decline of the money supply, and other economically depressing events.
The resultant rise of mass unemployment is seen as a result of the crash, although the crash is by no means the sole event that contributed to the depression. The Wall Street Crash is usually seen as having the greatest impact on the events that followed and therefore is widely regarded as signaling the downward economic slide that initiated the Great Depression. True or not, the consequences were dire for almost everybody. Most academic experts agree on one aspect of the crash: It wiped out billions of dollars of wealth in one day, and this immediately depressed consumer buying.[37]
The failure set off a worldwide run on US gold deposits (i.e. the dollar), and forced the Federal Reserve to raise interest rates into the slump. Some 4,000 banks and other lenders ultimately failed. Also, the uptick rule,[38] which allowed short selling only when the last tick in a stock's price was positive, was implemented after the 1929 market crash to prevent short sellers from driving the price of a stock down in a bear raid.[39]
Effect on Europe[edit]
The stock market crash of October 1929 led directly to the Great Depression in Europe. When stocks plummeted on the New York Stock Exchange, the world noticed immediately. Although financial leaders in the United Kingdom, as in the United States, vastly underestimated the extent of the crisis that would ensue, it soon became clear that the world's economies were more interconnected than ever. The effects of the disruption to the global system of financing, trade, and production and the subsequent meltdown of the American economy were soon felt throughout Europe.[40]
During 1930 and 1931, in particular, unemployed workers went on strike, demonstrated in public, and otherwise took direct action to call public attention to their plight. Protests often focused on the so-called Means Test, which the government had instituted in 1931 as a way to limit the amount of unemployment payments made to individuals and families. For working people, the Means Test seemed an intrusive and insensitive way to deal with the chronic and relentless deprivation caused by the economic crisis. The strikes were met forcefully, with police breaking up protests, arresting demonstrators, and charging them with crimes related to the violation of public order.[40]
Academic debate[edit]
Economists and historians disagree as to what role the crash played in subsequent economic, social, and political events. The Economist argued in a 1998 article that the Depression did not start with the stock market crash,[41] nor was it clear at the time of the crash that a depression was starting. They asked, "Can a very serious Stock Exchange collapse produce a serious setback to industry when industrial production is for the most part in a healthy and balanced condition?" They argued that there must be some setback, but there was not yet sufficient evidence to prove that it will be long or that it need go to the length of producing a general industrial depression.[42]
But The Economist also cautioned that some bank failures were also to be expected and some banks may not have any reserves left for financing commercial and industrial enterprises. They concluded that the position of the banks is the key to the situation, but what was going to happen could not have been foreseen.[42]
Academics see the Wall Street Crash of 1929 as part of a historical process that was a part of the new theories of boom and bust. According to economists such as Joseph Schumpeter, Nikolai Kondratiev and Charles E. Mitchell, the crash was merely a historical event in the continuing process known as economic cycles. The impact of the crash was merely to increase the speed at which the cycle proceeded to its next level.
Milton Friedman's A Monetary History of the United States, co-written with Anna Schwartz, advances the argument that what made the "great contraction" so severe was not the downturn in the business cycle, protectionism, or the 1929 stock market crash in themselves – but instead, according to Friedman and Schwartz, what plunged the country into a deep depression was the collapse of the banking system during three waves of panics over the 1930–33 period.[43]
See also[edit]
List of largest daily changes in the Dow Jones Industrial Average
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "Depression & WWII (1929–1945)". Americaslibrary.gov. Retrieved August 12, 2013.
Jump up ^ Bone, James. "The beginner's guide to stock markets". The Times. London. Archived from the original on May 25, 2010. Retrieved January 29, 2012. The most savage bear market of all time was the Wall Street Crash of 1929–1932, in which share prices fell by 89 per cent.
Jump up ^ "Stock Market Crash of 1929". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved January 29, 2012.
Jump up ^ "America gets depressed by thoughts of 1929 revisited" The Sunday Times
^ Jump up to: a b Dan Bryan. "The Great (Farm) Depression of the 1920s". American History USA. Retrieved November 10, 2013.
Jump up ^ http://millercenter.org/president/coolidge/essays/biography/8
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Timeline: A selected Wall Street chronology". PBS. Retrieved September 30, 2008.
Jump up ^ Teach, Edward (May 1, 2007). "The Bright Side of Bubbles". CFO. Retrieved October 1, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b Harold Bierman, Jr. (April 1998). The Causes of the 1929 Stock Market Crash: A Speculative Orgy or a New Era?. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 19–29. ISBN 978-0-313-30629-7.
Jump up ^ The Great Depression, by Robert Goldston, pages 39–40
Jump up ^ "The Panic of 2008? What Do We Name the Crisis?" The Wall Street Journal
Jump up ^ "Timeline". NYSE Euronext. NYSE. Archived from the original on June 11, 2010. Retrieved October 1, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b Weeks, Linton. "History's Advice During A Panic? Don't Panic". NPR. Retrieved October 1, 2008.
Jump up ^ "The Crash of 1929". PBS. Retrieved October 1, 2008.
Jump up ^ Salsman, Richard M. "The Cause and Consequences of the Great Depression, Part 1: What Made the Roaring '20s Roar", The Intellectual Activist, ISSN 0730-2355, June 2004, p. 16.
^ Jump up to: a b New York: A Documentary Film PBS
Jump up ^ "Dow Jones Industrial Average All-Time Largest One Day Gains and Losses". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 11, 2011.
Jump up ^ "DJIA 1929 to Present", Yahoo! Finance
Jump up ^ "U.S. Industrial Stocks Pass 1929 Peak", The Times, November 24, 1954, p. 12.
Jump up ^ Shann, Edward (November 1, 1929). "Broad Facts of, USA Crisis". The Daily News. Perth, Western Australia. p. 6 (Edition: Home Final Edition). Retrieved November 22, 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
Jump up ^ Lambert, Richard (July 19, 2008). "Crashes, Bangs & Wallops". Financial Times. Retrieved September 30, 2008. At the turn of the 20th century stock market speculation was restricted to professionals, but the 1920s saw millions of 'ordinary Americans' investing in the New York Stock Exchange. By August 1929, brokers had lent small investors more than two-thirds of the face value of the stocks they were buying on margin – more than $8.5bn was out on loan.
Jump up ^ Facing the facts: an economic diagnosis. Retrieved September 30, 2008.
Jump up ^ Shiller, Robert (March 17, 2005). "Irrational Exuberance, Second Edition". Princeton University Press. Retrieved February 3, 2007.
Jump up ^ Doug Short (April 3, 2013). "The Stock Market's Valuation Rarely Gets This High". Business Insider.
Jump up ^ Galbraith, John Kenneth (1954). "In Goldman Sachs We Trust". The Great Crash, 1929. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-85999-9. , cited in Taibbi, Matt (April 5, 2010). "The great American bubble machine". Rolling Stone. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Grain Plunges". The Courier-Mail. Brisbane, Qld: National Library of Australia. October 26, 1929. p. 19. Retrieved November 22, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Wild Selling. New York Panic". The Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney, NSW: National Library of Australia. October 26, 1929. p. 17. Retrieved November 22, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Second Crash". The Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney, NSW: National Library of Australia. October 30, 1929. p. 17. Retrieved November 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ Selective Service System. (May 27, 2003). Induction Statistics. In Inductions (by year) from World War I Through the End of the Draft (1973). Retrieved September 8, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Hyman, Louis (December 16, 2011). "How Did World War II End the Great Depression?: Echoes". Bloomberg. Retrieved August 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Paulson affirms Bush assessment", The Washington Times
Jump up ^ Scardino, Albert (October 21, 1987). "The Market Turmoil: Past lessons, present advice; Did '29 Crash Spark The Depression?". The New York Times.
^ Jump up to: a b "Crashes, Bangs & Wallops" Financial Times
Jump up ^ Jameson, Angela (August 10, 2005),"Pyramid structures brought down by Wall Street Crash" The Times, Retrieved March 17, 2010
Jump up ^ "Death of the Brokerage: The Future of Wall Street" National Public Radio
Jump up ^ "Kaboom!...and bust. The crash of 2008" The Times
^ Jump up to: a b "The Market Turmoil: Past lessons, present advice; Did '29 Crash Spark The Depression?" The New York Times
Jump up ^ "Practice has plenty of historical precedents" Financial Times
Jump up ^ "Funds want 'uptick' rule back" Financial Times
^ Jump up to: a b "Context :: European History". www.dhr.history.vt.edu. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Economics focus: The Great Depression", The Economist (September 17, 1998)
^ Jump up to: a b "Reactions of the Wall Street slump", The Economist (November 23, 1929)
Jump up ^ "Panic control" The Washington Times
Further reading[edit]
Axon, Gordon V. The Stock Market Crash of 1929. London, England: Mason & Lipscomb Publishers Inc., 1974.
Bierman, Harold (March 26, 2008). Whaples, Robert, ed. "The 1929 Stock Market Crash". EH.Net Encyclopedia. Santa Clara, California: Economic History Association. Retrieved February 2, 2017.
Brooks, John. (1969). Once in Golconda: A True Drama of Wall Street 1920–1938. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-393-01375-8.
Galbraith, John Kenneth. "1929: New York City." Lapham's Quarterly, no. 2 (Spring 2015): 145–146
Klein, Maury. (2001). Rainbow's End: The Crash of 1929. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-513516-4.
Klingaman, William K. (1989). 1929: The Year of the Great Crash. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-016081-0.
Leone, Bruno. The Great Depression: Opposing Viewpoints, 14–25. San Diego, CA: Bender, David L., 1994.
Pendergast, Tom. American Decades: 1920–1929. Farmington Hills, MI: UXL American Decades Publishing, 2003.
Reed, Lawrence W. (1981 & 2008). Great Myths of the Great Depression. Midland, Michigan: Mackinac Center.
Rothbard, Murray N. (2000). America's Great Depression (PDF) (5th ed.). Auburn, Alabama: Ludwig von Mises Institute. ISBN 978-0-945466-05-5. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
Shachtman, Tom. (1979). The Day America Crashed: A Narrative Account of the Great Stock Market Crash of October 24, 1929. New York: G.P. Putnam. ISBN 0-399-11613-3.
Thomas, Gordon and Morgan-Witts, Max. (1979). The Day the Bubble Burst: A Social History of the Wall Street Crash of 1929. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-14370-2.
Watkins, Tom H. The Great Depression: America in the 1930s, 22–55. New York, NY: Little, Brown & Company, 1993.
External links[edit]
Media related to Wall Street Crash of 1929 at Wikimedia Commons
The Crash of 1929, American Experience documentary
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List of Pokémon: XY episodes
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 21 March 2018.
Jump to: navigation, search
Pokémon: XY
Pokémon: XY logo Japan, The USA and Vietnam
Country of origin
Japan
No. of episodes
48
Release
Original network
TV Tokyo
Original release
October 17, 2013 (2013-10-17) – October 30, 2014 (2014-10-30)
Season chronology
← Previous
BW: Adventures in Unova
and Beyond
Next →
XY: Kalos Quest
The seventeenth season of the long running Pokémon animated series is known as Pocket Monsters: XY (ポケットモンスター エックスワイ, Poketto Monsutā Ekkusu Wai) in Japan and internationally as Pokémon: XY (advertised as Pokémon the Series: XY). The season follows the continuing adventures of Ash Ketchum and Pikachu as they explore the Kalos region, with a heavily disputed romantic subplot. Traveling with their new friends—Clemont and his little sister Bonnie along with Ash's childhood friend, Serena—the party discover new Pokémon and the mysterious Mega Evolution.
The season premiered in Japan between October 17, 2013 and October 30, 2014 on TV Tokyo.[1] The season aired its premiere in the United States between January 18, 2014 and December 20, 2014 on Cartoon Network. This is after a preview of the first two episodes on October 19, 2013 on Cartoon Network.[2] The Hindi Dubbed Version of Pokémon: XY aired in India between May 9, 2015 and November 14, 2015 on Hungama TV.[3][4]
The Japanese version features five pieces of theme music. The first 27 episodes used the song "V (Volt)" (V（ボルト）, Boruto) performed by Yusuke for the opening theme and "X Strait, Y Scenery" (X海峡Y景色, Ekkusu Kaikyō Wai Keshiki, "X-Kaikyō, Y-Keshiki") performed by J☆Dee'Z as the ending theme. The second block of 21 episodes switched the opening theme song to "Mega (Volt)" (メガV（ボルト）, Megaboruto) performed by Yusuke for the opening theme and "Peace Smile!" (ピースマイル!, Pīsumairu!) performed by J☆Dee'Z for the ending theme. The final three episodes of the season feature "DreamDream" (ドリドリ DoriDori) performed by Shoko Nakagawa as the ending theme. For the international English language broadcasts, the theme song is a remixed version of the first Pokémon theme song, performed by Ben Dixon and The Sad Truth.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Season 17 – Pokémon: XY (2013–2014)
2 Notes
3 References
4 External links
Season 17 – Pokémon: XY (2013–2014)[edit]
EP#[a]
English title
Japanese title
Air date
J#
E#
Japan[5]
United States[6]
802
796 "Kalos, Where Dreams and Adventures Begin!" (Let's Go to the Kalos Region! The Beginning of Dreams and Adventures!!)
"Karosu-chihō ni Yattekita! Yume to Bōken no Hajimari!!" (カロス地方にやってきた！夢と冒険のはじまり！！) October 17, 2013 January 18, 2014[b]
Ash arrives in the Kalos Region with Alexa. Alexa reveals her sister is a Kalos Gym Leader, but she seems to be away. When the local Pokémon Gym throws them out, he and Pikachu meet Clemont and Bonnie. Ash and Clemont have their first Kalos Region Pokémon battle.
803
797 "Lumiose City Pursuit!" (Mega Evolution and the Prism Tower!)
"Mega Shinka to Purizumu Tawā!" (メガシンカとプリズムタワー！) October 17, 2013 January 25, 2014[b]
Ash heads to Professor Sycamore's laboratory, where he discovers the professor is examining a Garchomp. Team Rocket eavesdrops on their conversation and tries to steal the Garchomp for themselves.
804
798 "A Battle of Aerial Mobility!" (Keromatsu vs. Yayakoma! The Aerial Battle!!)
"Keromatsu Bui Esu Yayakoma! Kūchūkidō Batoru!!" (ケロマツVSヤヤコマ！空中機動バトル！！) October 24, 2013 February 1, 2014
After Ash registers for the Kalos League, he encounters a Pokémon called Dedenne and a Fletchling. His newly captured Froakie does his best to battle Fletchling, but Clemont accidentally angers a swarm of Beedrills.
805
799 "A Shockingly Cheeky Friendship!" (Pikachu and Dedenne! Nuzzle!!)
"Pikachū to Dedenne! Hoppesurisuri!!" (ピカチュウとデデンネ！ほっぺすりすり！！) October 31, 2013 February 8, 2014
Clemont tries to capture the Dedenne that keeps stealing their food.
806
800 "A Blustery Santalune Gym Battle!" (The Hakudan Gym Battle! The Magnificent Viviyon's Dance Battle!!)
"Hakudan Jimu Sen! Kareinaru Bibiyon no Mai Batoru!!" (ハクダンジム戦！華麗なるビビヨンの舞バトル！！) November 7, 2013 February 15, 2014
Ash and his new group of friends finally meet up with Alexa in Santalune City, where she introduces Ash to her sister, the Gym Leader Viola. Ash has his first Gym Battle in the Kalos Region, but he is defeated when Viola's Bug-type Pokémon put up a good fight. Afterwards, an old friend reunites with Ash.
807
801 "Battling on Thin Ice!" (The Icy Rematch! Pikachu vs. Viviyon!!)
"Hyōjō Kessen! Pikachū Tai Bibiyon!!" (氷上決戦！ピカチュウVSビビヨン！！) November 14, 2013 February 22, 2014
Ash challenges Viola to a rematch. He is now ready for Surskit's battleground freezing strategy.
808
802 "Giving Chase at the Rhyhorn Race!" (Leave it to Serena!? The Wild Sihorn Race!)
"Serena ni Omakase!? Gekisō Saihōn Rēsu!" (セレナにおまかせ！？激走サイホーンレース！) November 21, 2013 March 1, 2014
Ash is introduced to the world of Rhyhorn racing. Serena, whose mother is a famous Rhyhorn racer, coaches Ash in the upcoming race. Meanwhile, Team Rocket has their sights on capturing Pikachu and the Racing Rhyhorn.
809
803 "Grooming Furfrou!" (The Pokémon Trimmer and Trimmian!)
"Pokemon Torimā to Torimian!" (ポケモントリマーとトリミアン！) November 28, 2013 March 8, 2014
In the next town, the guidebook reveals that it is home to Charisma Trimmers. Charisma Trimmers are people whose expertise is styling the Pokémon Furfrou. Jessica is a Charisma Trimmer in training. Jessica is having problems with her confidence, which is only exacerbated by the expert Charisma Trimmer Moussalli. Moussalli is not all who she appears to be.
810
804 "Clemont's Got a Secret!" (Capture Miare Gym! Citron's Secret!!)
"Miare Jimu Kōryaku! Shitoron no Himitsu!!" (ミアレジム攻略！シトロンの秘密！！) December 5, 2013 March 15, 2014
Upon returning to Lumiose City, the group meets up with Clemont's and Bonnie's father Meyer, who reveals to Ash and Serena that Clemont is Lumiose City's Gym Leader. Meyer also reveals that Clembot is a robot Clemont had built to look after the gym in his absence, but Clembot has gone haywire. Ash and Clemont infiltrate the gym to beat Clembot in a Pokémon battle to take back the Lumiose Gym.
811
805 "Mega-Mega Meowth Madness!" (Harimaron vs. Mega Mega Nyarth!!)
"Harimaron Tai Mega Mega Nyāsu!!" (ハリマロンVSメガメガニャース！！) December 12, 2013 March 22, 2014
Before heading to Cyllage City, the group decides to stop by the Sycamore Pokémon Lab. Team Rocket decides to kidnap Professor Sycamore as well as Serena and Bonnie to pry the professor's mind for the secrets behind Mega Evolution. Meanwhile, Ash and Clemont have to deal with a gluttonous little Chespin with a penchant for macarons.
812
806 "The Bamboozling Forest!" (The Bamboo Forest Chase! Yancham and Goronda!!)
"Chikurin no Tsuiseki! Yanchamu to Goronda!!" (竹林の追跡！ヤンチャムとゴロンダ！！) December 19, 2013 March 29, 2014
While on their journey, the group are stopping for lunch when they are interrupted by two hungry Pancham. When Team Rocket attacks, the Pokémon get separated from their trainers. As Ash and his friends try to find Pikachu, Froaky, Fenikin and Chespin, Team Rocket tries capturing Pikachu again. However, they cross paths with a Pangoro along the way and manage to make it angry.
813
807 "To Catch a Pokémon Smuggler!" (Capture the Pokémon Buyer! The Kofuurai Impersonation Plan!!)
"Pokemon Baiyā wo Tsukamero! Kofūrai Gisō Sakusen!!" (ポケモンバイヤーを捕まえろ！コフーライ偽装作戦！！) January 9, 2014 April 5, 2014
While heading towards the next city, the group sees a man escaping from Officer Jenny and along the way find a Scatterbug that fell out of the man's truck. It turns out that the man is a Pokémon poacher who has been capturing Vivillon of different patterns. Ash and his friends decide to help Jenny catch him.
814
808 "Kindergarten Chaos!" (Nymphia vs. Keromatsu! Kindergarten Chaos!!)
"Ninfia Tai Keromatsu! Yōchien wa Ōsawagi!!" (ニンフィアVSケロマツ！幼稚園は大さわぎ！！) January 16, 2014 April 12, 2014
Ash and his friends come across a girl named Penelope who asks to battle Ash. If she wins then Ash has to go out with her. It turns out that there's more to this than romance.
815
809 "Seeking Shelter From the Storm!" (The Spooky Shelter! Nyasper Is Watching!!)
"Bukimi na Amayadori! Nyasupā wa Miteita!!" (ぶきみな雨宿り！ニャスパーは見ていた！！) January 30, 2014 April 19, 2014
When Ash and his friends are caught in a rain storm, they find a nearby abandoned mansion to take refuge. Unbeknownst to them, Team Rocket has also taken refuge in the same place as well. Both groups are frightened by strange occurrences through the house, which is all centered on a mysterious shadow.
816
810 "An Appetite for Battle!" (Harimaron vs. Mafoxy! A Diet Battle!?)
"Harimaron Bui Esu Mafokushī! Daietto Batoru!?" (ハリマロンVSマフォクシー！ダイエットバトル！？) February 6, 2014 April 26, 2014
Chespin gets fat after eating so many of Serena's macarons. Clemont decides to put it on a diet by making an exercise machine and have it exercise through Pokémon Battles. Chespin is not making progress.
817
811 "A Jolting Switcheroo!" (Dedenne Is Pichu and Pichu Is Dedenne...!?)
"Dedenne ga Pichū de Pichū ga Dedenne de...!?" (デデンネがピチューでピチューがデデンネで…！？) February 13, 2014 May 3, 2014
Bonnie and another girl named Lynn’s bags get mixed up. This leaves Lynn’s Pichu with Clemont's Dedenne and Bonnie with Lynn’s Pichu.
818
812 "A Rush of Ninja Wisdom!" (Keromatsu Against Gekogahshier! Ninja Battle!!)
"Keromatsu Tai Gekogashira! Ninja Batoru!!" (ケロマツ対ゲコガシラ！忍者バトル！！) February 20, 2014 May 10, 2014
Ash and his friends meet up with Ninja Trainer Sanpei who owns a Frogadier. Ash challenges Sanpei to a series of ninja-training exercises. Froakie learns a new move.
819
813 "Awakening the Sleeping Giant!" (Wake Up Kabigon! It's a Battle in the Parfum Palace!!)
"Kabigon o Okose! Parufamu Kyūden de Batoru Desu!!" (カビゴンを起こせ！パルファム宮殿でバトルです！！) February 27, 2014 May 17, 2014
In Camphrier Town, Ash and his friends come across a Snorlax that won't wake up. The local King Shabboneau has a Poké Flute that will wake it, but it was stolen by the selfish Princess Allie of Parfum Palace. Ash tries to retrieve it, but the princess demands a Pokémon Battle: if Ash wins he gets the flute, but if he loses the princess gets Pikachu.
820
814 "A Conspiracy to Conquer!" (The Conspiracy of Madame X! The Calamanero of Fear!!)
"Madamu Ekkusu no Inbō! Kyōfu no Karamanero!!" (マダムＸの陰謀！恐怖のカラマネロ！！) March 13, 2014 May 24, 2014
Team Rocket gets brainwashed by the mysterious "Madame X" and her Malamar. Only Meowth is able to escape. Meowth goes to Ash and his friends for help. When Pikachu is captured and brainwashed as well, Ash, Serena, Clemont, Bonnie, and Meowth go to save him and Team Rocket. However, everyone but Ash and Meowth gets brainwashed. This leaves them with no idea on how to stop Madame X.
821
815 "Breaking Titles at the Chateau!" (Challenge the Battle Chateau! Viola vs. Zakuro!!)
"Chōsen Batoru Shatō! Biora Bui Esu Zakuro!!" (挑戦バトルシャトー！ビオラVSザクロ！！) March 20, 2014 June 7, 2014
Ash and his friends visit the Battle Chateau. They participate in some matches at the Battle Chateau and witness the battle between Viola and Cyllage City's Gym Leader Grant.
822
816 "A PokéVision of Things to Come!" (It's a Debut! Serena and Fokko's PokéVision!!)
"Debyū desu! Serena to Fokko de Pokebijon!!" (デビューです！セレナとフォッコでポケビジョン！！) March 27, 2014 June 14, 2014
After watching a popular celebrity making a "PokéVision" video with her Pokémon, Serena tries to make one with her Fennekin.
—
— "Pokemon: Mega Evolution Special I" (The Strongest Mega Evolution: Act I)
"Saikyō Mega Shinka ~Act I~" (最強メガシンカ～ActⅠ～) April 3, 2014 May 31, 2014
Pokémon Trainer Alain wishes to battle every single Mega Evolution there is. He travels around the world to accomplish his goal. He first seeks out Elite Four member Siebold, who he has heard possesses a Mega Stone.
823
817 "Going for the Gold!" (Catch the Golden Koiking!)
"Ōgon no Koikingu o Tsuriagero!!" (黄金のコイキングを釣り上げろ！！) April 10, 2014 June 21, 2014
Ash and his friends make it to Ambrette Town and marvel at its aquarium. They meet the aquarium's director Rodman and his partner Clauncher. They try to help him complete the aquarium's collection by capturing a gold-colored Magikarp.
824
818 "Coming Back into the Cold!" (The Aurora Bonds! Amarus and Amaruruga!)
"Ōrora no Kizuna! Amarurusu to Amaruruga!!" (オーロラの絆！アマルスとアマルルガ！！) April 17, 2014 June 28, 2014
Ash, Serena, Clemont, and Bonnie meet up with Alexa again. She is covering the new fossil exhibit at the Ambrette Town Museum. All of them meet the revived fossil Pokémon Amaura and Aurorus in the museum's cold storage. However, Team Rocket arrives to steal Amaura. This leaves Ash and his friends on a rescue mission.
825
819 "Climbing the Walls!" (Shōyō Gym Battle! Pikachu Against Chigoras!!)
"Shōyō Jimu-sen! Pikachū Tai Chigorasu!!" (ショウヨウジム戦！ピカチュウ対チゴラス！！) April 24, 2014 July 5, 2014
Ash and his friends make it to Cyllage City. Ash plans on challenging the Gym Leader Grant. Having already seen his strategy of Rock Tomb with his Onix at the Battle Chateau, Ash plans on having Froakie face the Rock Pokémon in battle. Ash's Pikachu battles against Tyrunt.
826
820 "A Battle by Any Other Name!" (Peroppafu and Peroream!! The Sweet Battle Isn't Sweet!?)
"Peroppafu to Perorīmu!! Amai Tatakai wa Amakunai!?" (ペロッパフとペロリーム！！甘い戦いはあまくない！？) May 8, 2014 July 12, 2014
While on the road, Serena makes some Poké Puffs for Pikachu and Fennekin. Her cooking skills are insulted by Miette, who has the Meringue Pokémon Slurpuff. The two decide to head to the next town to hold a Poké Puffs Contest to see who is the better pastry chef.
827
821 "To Find a Fairy Flower!" (Flabébé and the Fairy Flower!)
"Furabebe to Yōsei no Hana" (フラベベと妖精の花！) May 15, 2014 July 19, 2014
While brushing out her hair, Bonnie tries a new flower accessory. Bonnie discovers that a Flabébé is latching onto it because she has lost her Fairy Flower. The gang tries to help Flabébé get a new Fairy Flower, but it appears the season is over.
828
822 "The Bonds of Evolution!" (Champion Carnet Appears! The Mega Sirknight in the Fog!!)
"Chanpion Karune Tōjō! Kiri no Naka no Mega Sānaito!!" (チャンピオン・カルネ登場！霧の中のメガサーナイト！！) May 22, 2014 July 26, 2014
Upon arriving in the next town, Ash learns that the Kalos Region Champion, Diantha, will be holding an exhibition match. The exhibition match tickets are already sold out to his dismay. The gang meets Professor Sycamore over there. He introduces them to Diantha who has volunteered to help him with his research on Mega Evolution. She also allows Ash a friendly match. Ash's Pikachu battles against Diantha's Gardevoir. Diantha shows them the power of Mega Evolution when Team Rocket kidnaps her Gardevoir.
829
823 "Heroes - Friends and Faux Alike!" (Ta-Da! The Fake Satoshi Appears!!)
"Jajān! Nise Satoshi Arawareru!!" (ジャジャーン！ニセ サトシ現る！！) May 29, 2014[c] August 2, 2014
Ash, Serena, and Bonnie must find out who has been impersonating them in the town they have just arrived in.
830
824 "Mega Revelations!" (Corni and Lucario! The Secrets of Mega Evolution!!)
"Koruni to Rukario! Megashinka no Himitsu!!" (コルニとルカリオ！メガシンカの秘密！！) May 29, 2014[c] August 9, 2014
Ash and his friends meet up with Korrina and her Lucario. They soon discover that she is the Shalour City Gym Leader. Korrina seems to possess a Key Stone.
831
825 "The Cave of Trials!" (Lucario vs. Bursyamo! The Cave of Trials!!)
"Rukario Tai Bashāmo! Shiren no Dōkutsu!!" (ルカリオＶＳバシャーモ！試練の洞窟！！) June 5, 2014 August 16, 2014
Ash, Serena, Clemont, and Bonnie help Korrina and her Lucario find the Mega Stone Lucarionite in Geosenge Town's caves. They come face to face with a Blaziken protecting the caves.
832
826 "The Aura Storm!" (Mega Lucario Against Mega Lucario! A Storm of Auras!!)
"Mega Rukario Tai Mega Rukario! Hadō no Arashi!!" (メガルカリオ対メガルカリオ！波導の嵐！！) June 12, 2014 August 23, 2014
Korrina finally finds the Lucarionite. After using it, she loses control of her Mega Lucario who is much too strong for Pikachu to defeat. Her grandfather, Gurkinn, must step in to take care of matters using his own Mega Lucario.
833
827 "Calling from Beyond the Aura!" (Call Out With Your Heart! Beyond the Aura!!)
"Yobiau Kokoro! Hadō no Mukō e!!" (呼び合う心！波導のむこうへ！！) June 19, 2014 August 30, 2014
Korrina's grandfather, Gurkinn, tasks her with more training to rein in Mega Lucario. Ash and his friends accompany Korrina as they travel to Pomace Mountain. They fall into a trap laid out by Team Rocket.
834
828 "The Bonds of Mega Evolution!" (Mega Lucario Against Mega Kucheat! The Bonds of Mega Evolution!!)
"Mega Rukario Tai Mega Kuchīto! Megashinka no Kizuna!!" (メガルカリオ対メガクチート！メガシンカの絆！！) July 3, 2014 September 6, 2014
The group heads into the mountains around Pomace Mountain and meet with Mabel who is a flower arranger that has mastered the art of Mega Evolution herself with her Mawile. This prompts Korrina to have a friendly match with Mabel.
835
829 "The Forest Champion!" (Champion of the Forest! Luchabull Appears!!)
"Mori no Chanpion! Ruchaburu Tōjō!" (森のチャンピオン！ルチャブル登場！！) July 10, 2014 September 13, 2014
Continuing on their journey to Shalour City, Ash and his friends come across the Wrestling Pokémon Hawlucha who is protecting a group of weak Pokémon in the forest from stronger Pokémon like Machamp, Conkeldurr and an Ursaring.
836
830 "Battles in the Sky!" (Sky Battle!? Luchabull Against Fiarrow!!)
"Sukai Batoru!? Ruchaburu Tai Faiarō!!" (スカイバトル！？ルチャブル対ファイアロー！！) July 24, 2014 September 20, 2014
At Kalos Canyon, Ash learns of the Sky Battle trend and tries it out with Fletchling and Hawlucha against Sky Trainer Moria and her Talonflame.
837
831 "The Cave of Mirrors!" (Reflection Cave! Satoshi and the Satoshi of the Mirror Land!?)
"Utsushimi no Dōkutsu! Kagami no Kuni no Satoshi to Satoshi!?" (うつしみの洞窟！鏡の国のサトシとサトシ！？) July 31, 2014 September 27, 2014
While traveling in the Reflection Cave, Ash's reflection takes Pikachu away from him. This prompts him to follow into a world within the reflection. Clemont, Serena, and Bonnie try to find a way to bring Ash back. After Ash arrives in the Mirror Dimension, he discovers that his mirror self needs help finding his Pikachu.
838
832 "Forging Forest Friendships!" (The Wriggling Forest of Ohrot!)
"Ugomeku Mori no Ōrotto!" (蠢く森のオーロット！) August 7, 2014 October 4, 2014
While practicing for his upcoming Gym battle against Korrina with Hawlucha, Froakie, and Clemont, Ash is kidnapped by the Elder Tree Pokémon Trevenant. This leaves Froakie and Hawlucha to trust each other in saving Ash. Trevenant keeps the others at bay with its power over the forest.
839
833 "Summer of Discovery!" (Pokémon Summer Camp! The Rival Trio Appears!!)
"Pokemon Samā Kyanpu! Raibaru Sanningumi Tōjō!!" (ポケモン・サマーキャンプ！ライバル三人組登場！！) August 14, 2014 October 11, 2014
Ash, Serena, Clemont, and Bonnie make it to Professor Sycamore's Pokémon Summer Camp, where they meet Shauna, Trevor, and Tierno. They have received Bulbasaur, Charmander, and Squirtle from Professor Sycamore for their starter Pokémon. Shauna, Trevor, and Tierno want to test their skills against Ash and his friends.
840
834 "Day Three Blockbusters!" (Serena vs. Sana! PokéVision Showdown!!)
"Serena Bui Esu Sana! Pokebijon Taiketsu!!" (セレナＶＳサナ！ポケビジョン対決！！) August 21, 2014 October 18, 2014
Serena and Shauna decide to have a little PokéVision contest. While Serena was looking for locations with her friends, she and Ash get trapped at the bottom of a cliff.
841
835 "Foggy Pokémon Orienteering!" (PokéEnteering! The X in the Fog!!)
"Pokeentēringu! Kiri no Naka no Ekkusu!!" (ポケエンテーリング！霧の中のＸ！！) August 28, 2014 October 25, 2014
The summer campers participate in a Pokémon Orienteering stamp rally, where they must use their Pokémon to navigate through a course to get stamps at various stations. However, Bonnie and Pikachu get lost in the foggy woods and come across a mysterious Pokémon.
842
836 "Battling Into the Hall of Fame!" (Team Battle! The Hall of Fame Match!!)
"Chīmu Batoru! Dentōiri Kessen!!" (チームバトル！殿堂入り決戦！！) September 4, 2014 November 1, 2014
After all of the activities at the Pokémon Summer Camp, Ash's team and Tierno's team have the same amount of points. To settle the tie, all six will participate in a tag team match. Before the tag team match, they have to save Tierno, Shauna, and Trevor's Pokémon from Team Rocket's evil clutches.
843
837 "Origins of Mega Evolution!" (The Master Tower! The History of Mega Evolution!!)
"Masutā Tawā! Megashinka no Rekishi!!" (マスタータワー！メガシンカの歴史！！) September 18, 2014 November 8, 2014
Before they have their Gym Battle, Ash and Korrina must stop Team Rocket after they have stolen a scroll on Mega Evolution from the Tower of Mastery.
844
838 "Showdown at the Shalour Gym!" (Shara Gym Battle! Pikachu vs. Mega Lucario!!)
"Shara Jimu Sen! Pikachū Bui Esu Mega Rukario!!" (シャラジム戦！ピカチュウVSメガルカリオ！！) September 25, 2014 November 15, 2014
Ash challenges Korrina for the Shalour Gym's Rumble Badge using his Hawlucha, Fletchinder, and Pikachu. Hawlucha, Fletchinder, and Pikachu battle against Korrina's Mienfoo, Machoke, and Mega Lucario.
845
839 "Splitting Heirs!" (Citron Against Eureka!? The Nyaonix Sibling Battle!!)
"Shitoron Tai Yurīka!? Nyaonikusu de Kyōdai Batoru!!" (シトロン対ユリーカ！？ニャオニクスできょうだいバトル！！) October 2, 2014 November 22, 2014
Bonnie and Clemont get into a fight after Bonnie wandered off to look for Chespin. They encounter two brothers and their Meowstic having a rivalry. This situation helps Clemont and Bonnie to strengthen brother-sister relationship even more.
846
840 "The Clumsy Crier Quiets the Chaos!" (The Clutzy Pukurin vs. the Berserk Bohmander!!)
"Dojikko Pukurin Bui Esu Bōsō Bōmanda!!" (どじっこプクリンVS暴走ボーマンダ！！) October 9, 2014 November 29, 2014
On their way to Coumarine City, the group goes to a Pokémon Center. Nurse Joy is assisted by a clumsy Wigglytuff. However, they all soon find themselves having to deal with a Salamence that has gone out of control thanks to Team Rocket. Wigglytuff is the only one who can save the day.
847
841 "Dreaming a Performer's Dream!" (Serena's First Capture!? Yancham vs. Fokko!!)
"Serena, Hatsu Getto!? Yanchamu Bui Esu Fokko!!" (セレナ、初ゲット！？ヤンチャムVSフォッコ！！) October 16, 2014 December 6, 2014
After a Pancham disrupts a Pokémon Showcase and steals Ash's hat and Clemonts's glasses, Serena battles it with her Fennekin in an attempt to capture it and fulfil her own dream of becoming a great Pokémon Performer.
848
842 "A Campus Reunion!" (Citron's Campus Memories! The Shocking Reunion!!)
"Shitoron, Omoide no Kyanpasu! Dengeki no Saikai!!" (シトロン、想い出のキャンパス！電撃の再会！！) October 23, 2014 December 13, 2014
Clemont returns to his old school. He relives his younger years and reminisces about a Shinx that he had befriended. Clemont was forced to leave Shinx behind after his graduation ceremony celebrations. When he reunites with it, Shinx has evolved into Luxio. Clemont tries to heal the rift that was caused a few years ago.
849
843 "Bonnie for the Defense!" (Send Out the Laplace Guard! Go For It Eureka!!)
"Shutsudō Rapurasu Bōeitai! Yurīka Ganbaru!!" (出動ラプラス防衛隊！ユリーカがんばる！！) October 30, 2014 December 20, 2014
While walking by herself, Bonnie comes across a group of children who are protecting an injured Lapras from adults. Bonnie soon joins them in protecting the Lapras from Team Rocket.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ The English episode numbers are based on their first airing in the United States in syndication on Cartoon Network. Other English-speaking nations largely follow either this order or the Japanese order.
^ Jump up to: a b These episodes were broadcast in the United States on October 19, 2013 as a special sneak peek at the upcoming season which had recently begun broadcast in Japan.[7]
^ Jump up to: a b These episodes were broadcast as part of an hour-long special.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Pokémon XY TV Anime to Debut on October 17 with Satoshi/Ash". Anime News Network. June 30, 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Cartoon Network Debuts Pokémon the Series: XY in U.S. on Saturday". Anime News Network. January 18, 2014. Retrieved January 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Pokémon in South Asia". Bulbagarden. Bulbagarden. April 23, 2016. Retrieved April 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ "'Pokémon the Series: XY' debuts in India". Bulbagarden. Bulbagarden. May 9, 2015. Retrieved April 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ "ポケットモンスター エックスワイ：あにてれ：テレビ東京". TV Tokyo. Retrieved January 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Pokémon the Series: XY Season 17". Cartoon Network. Archived from the original on January 19, 2015. Retrieved January 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Pokémon XY Anime's Latest Trailer Introduces Main Cast". Anime News Network. September 26, 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2015.
External links[edit]
Pokémon anime website at TV Tokyo (in Japanese)
Pokémon XY page at Pokémon JP official website (in Japanese)
Pokémon TV Anime at Pokémon JP official website (in Japanese)
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Cape Coloureds
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Cape Coloureds
Kaapse Kleurlinge

Extended coloured family with roots in Cape Town, Kimberley and Pretoria.
Total population
4,771,500[1]
(In South Africa only, 2015)
Regions with significant populations
South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Lesotho
Languages
Afrikaans, Kaapse Afrikaans, South African English
Religion
Christian (80%), Muslim (5%)[2]
Related ethnic groups
Afrikaners, Khoikhoi, Xhosa, Cape Malay, Indian South Africans
In Southern Africa, Cape Coloureds (Afrikaans: Kaapse Kleurling) is the name given to an ethnic group composed primarily of persons of mixed race. Although Cape Coloureds form a minority group within South Africa, they are the predominant population group in the Western Cape.
They are generally bilingual, though some speak only Afrikaans, and others primarily speak English. Some Cape Coloureds may "code switch",[3] speaking a patois of Afrikaans and English called Kaapse Afrikaans also known as Cape Slang (Capy) or "Kombuis Afrikaans", meaning Kitchen Afrikaans. Cape Coloureds were defined under the apartheid regime as a subset of the larger Coloured race group.
At least one genetic study indicates that Cape Coloureds have an ancestry consisting of the following ethnic groups:[4]
Khoisan: (32–43%)
Bantu-speaking Africans: (20–36%)
Ethnic groups in Europe: (21–28%)
Asian peoples: (9–11%)
Origin and history[edit]
The Cape Coloureds are a heterogeneous South African ethnic group, with diverse ancestral links. Ancestry may include European colonizers, indigenous Khoisan and Xhosa people, and slaves imported from the Dutch East Indies (or a combination of all).[5] People from India and the islands within the Indian Ocean region were also taken to the Cape and sold into slavery by the Dutch settlers. The Indian slaves were almost invariably given Christian names but their places of origin were indicated in the records of sales and other documents so that it is possible to get an idea of the ratio of slaves from different regions. These slaves were, however, dispersed and lost their Indian cultural identity over the course of time. Slaves of Malay and other ancestry were brought from India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Madagascar, and Mozambique. This diverse assortment of people was subsequently classified as a single group under the Apartheid regime.[6][7]
Under Apartheid, under the Population Registration Act as amended, the term Cape Coloured referred to a subset of Coloured South Africans, with subjective criteria having been used by the bureaucracy to determine whether a person was a Cape Coloured, or belonged to one of a number of other related subgroups such as the "Cape Malays", or "Other Coloureds".[8][9]
Cape Coloureds in the media[edit]
A group of Cape Coloureds were interviewed in the documentary series Ross Kemp on Gangs. One of the gang members who participated in the interview mentioned that black South Africans have been the main beneficiaries of South African social promotion initiatives while the Cape Coloureds have been further marginalised.
The award-winning film I'm Not Black, I'm Coloured - Identity Crisis at the Cape of Good Hope (Monde World Films, 2009 USA release) is one of the first historical documentary films to explore the legacy of Apartheid through the viewpoint of the Cape Coloured community, including interviews with elders, Pastors, members of Parliament, students and everyday people struggling to find their identity in the new South Africa.[10]
Cape Coloured school children in Mitchell's Plain
Cape Coloured children in Bonteheuwel township (Cape Town, South Africa)
The Christmas Bands are a popular Cape Coloured cultural tradition in Cape Town
Terminology[edit]
The term "coloured" is currently treated as a neutral description in Southern Africa, classifying people of mixed race ancestry. Since 1994, at the beginning of "The new South Africa", the term Cape Coloured became a badge of honor to this group of people.
Once used in the Western countries as well, especially so in North America, the term has shifted in meaning and is now regarded as derogatory in the Western World; a newly-coined term "person of color" has since become common and preferred by the members of the community and the general populace. This term tends to mean any non-white person, as opposed to a mixed-race person, where the term "multiracial" is used. "Coloured" may also be seen as offensive in some other western countries, such as Britain.[11]
Notable people[edit]
Politics[edit]
Tony Ehrenreich, South African trades unionist.
Trevor Manuel, former Finance Minister, currently Head of the National Planning Commission of South Africa.
Patricia de Lille, former PAC, then Independent Democrats leader, currently Democratic Alliance mayor of Cape Town.
Gerald Morkel, the former Premier of the Western Cape.
Dan Plato, Western Cape Community Safety Minister.
Percy Sonn, former president of the International Cricket Council.
Adam Small, political activist, poet and writer.
Allan Boesak (Political activist & Cleric).
Dulcie September, Political activist.
Neville Alexander, Political activist, educationalist & lecturer.
Zainunnisa Gool, South African Political activist & representative on the Cape Town City Council.
Alex La Guma, South African novelist & leader of the South African Coloured People's Organisation
Artists and writers[edit]
Athol Williams, poet, writer, scholar, social philosopher
AKA, hip hop recording artist
Selwyn Milborrow, poet, writer, journalist
Garth Erasmus, artist
Tyrone Appollis, academic
Willie Bester
Peter Clarke
Mustafa Maluka
Tracey Rose
Adam Small, writer
Peter Abrahams, writer
Robin Rhode
James Matthews, writer
Oliver Hermanus, writer, Director
Richard Moore Rive, writer
Rozena Maart, writer
Phillippa Yaa de Villiers, writer & performance artist
Dennis Brutus, journalist, poet, activist
Arthur Nortje, poet
Zoë Wicomb, writer
Dr. Don Mattera
Beauty Queens[edit]
Amy Kleinhans, former Miss South Africa 1992 and first non-white Miss South Africa.
Jo-Ann Strauss, Miss South Africa 2000, media personality and business woman.
Tansey Coetzee, Miss South Africa 2007
Tatum Keshwar, Miss South Africa 2008
Liesl Laurie, Miss South Africa 2015
Demi-Leigh Nel-Peters, Miss South Africa 2017 and Miss Universe 2017
Tamaryn Green, Miss South Africa 2018
Hockey[edit]
Ignatius Malgraff
Clyde Abrahams
Liesel Dorothy
Luke Nelson
Chess[edit]
Kenny Solomon, South Africa's first chess grandmaster
Athletics[edit]
Shaun Abrahams, 800m runner
Geraldine Pillay, 2004 Olympian, Commonwealth medallist
Leigh Julius, 2004- 2008 Olympian
Wayde van Niekerk, track & field sprinter, Olympic and World Champion, and World Record Holder
Cornel Fredericks, track & field sprinter
Paul Gorries, Sprinter
Cricket[edit]
Paul Adams
Vincent Barnes
Loots Bosman
Basil D'Oliveira
Damian D'Oliveira
JP Duminy
Herschelle Gibbs
Omar Henry
Garnett Kruger
Charl Langeveldt
Ashwell Prince
Robin Peterson
Wayne Parnell
Henry Davids
Roger Telemachus
Alviro Petersen
Vernon Philander
Beuran Hendricks
Reeza Hendricks
Rugby[edit]
Bryan Habana
Breyton Paulse
Adrian Jacobs
Conrad Jantjes
Ashwin Willemse
Ricky Januarie
Gio Aplon
Bolla Conradie
Peter de Villiers
Chester Williams
Ashley Johnson
Earl Rose
Juan de Jongh
Elton Jantjies
Lionel Mapoe
Errol Tobias
Cheslin Kolbe, Western Province & Stormers player
Kurt Coleman, Western Province & Stormers player
Dillyn Leyds, Western Province & Stormers player
Cornal Hendricks
Football[edit]
Benni McCarthy
Mark Williams
Shaun Bartlett
Andre Arendse
Delron Buckley
Quinton Fortune
Lance Davids
Nasief Morris
Leroy Maluka
Steven Pienaar
Moeneeb Josephs
Stanton Lewis
Daylon Claasen
Tennis[edit]
Raven Klaasen
Darts[edit]
Devon Petersen
Entertainment[edit]
AKA, hip hop recording artist
Kim Engelbrecht, actress, Dominion, Isidingo, The Flash
Kandyse McClure, actress, Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)
Quanita Adams, actress
Jonathan Butler, jazz musician.
Trevor Jones, South African born film composer.
Meryl Cassie, actress from the TV series The Tribe.
Lesley-Ann Brandt, actress
Jean Grae, hip hop artist.
Marc Lottering, comedian.
Jenny Powell, television presenter.
Natalie Becker, actress
Vincent Ebrahim, actor
Vinette Ebrahim, actress
Robbie Jansen, musician
Paul Hanmer, pianist & composer
Taliep Petersen, musician & director
Abdullah Ibrahim, jazz pianist
See also[edit]
Cape Corps
District Six
Kaapse Klopse
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Mid-year population estimates, 2015 (PDF) (Report). Statistics South Africa. 31 July 2015. p. 3. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Coloureds of Southern Africa". MixedFolks.com. Archived from the original on 17 May 2008. Retrieved 2009-10-23.
Jump up ^ "Ethnicity in linguistic variation".
Jump up ^ de Wit, E; Delport, W; Rugamika, CE; Meintjes, A; Möller, M; van Helden, PD; Seoighe, C; Hoal, EG (August 2012). "Genome-wide analysis of the structure of the South African Coloured Population in the Western Cape". Human Genetics. 128: 145–53. doi:10.1007/s00439-010-0836-1. PMID 20490549.
Jump up ^ "The Cape Coloureds are a mix of everything : Gene Expression". Blogs.discovermagazine.com. 16 June 2011. Retrieved 2013-01-26.
Jump up ^ "iBlog". Cape-slavery-heritage.iblog.co.za. Retrieved 2013-01-26. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "History of Slavery and early colonisation in SA | South African History Online". Sahistory.org.za. Retrieved 2013-01-26.
Jump up ^ "Heritage | Memorial". Heritage.thetimes.co.za. Archived from the original on 23 April 2012. Retrieved 2013-01-26.
Jump up ^ Leach, Graham (1986). South Africa: No Easy Path to Peace. Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 70–. ISBN 978-0-7102-0848-4.
Jump up ^ "Millions Will Watch – The Bloomington Crow". Gotothecrow.com. 3 April 2011. Retrieved 2013-01-26.
Jump up ^ . 9 November 2006 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/6132672.stm. Retrieved 12 January 2015. Missing or empty |title= (help)
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