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Milan
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Milan
Milano
Comune
Comune di Milano
Clockwise from top: Porta Nuova, Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, La Scala, Sforza Castle, CityLife project, Arch of Peace, and Milan Cathedral

Flag
Coat of arms
Milan
Milan
Milan
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Location of Milan in Italy
Coordinates: 45°28′N 09°11′E / 45.467°N 9.183°E / 45.467; 9.183Coordinates: 45°28′N 09°11′E / 45.467°N 9.183°E / 45.467; 9.183
Country
Italy
Region
Lombardy
Province / Metropolitan city
Milan
Government
• Mayor
Giuseppe Sala (PD)
Area
• Total
181.76 km2 (70.18 sq mi)
Elevation
120 m (390 ft)
Population (31 December 2016)[1]
• Total
1,368,590
• Density
7,500/km2 (20,000/sq mi)
Demonym(s)
Milanesi o Meneghini
Time zone
CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)
CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code
20121–20162
Dialing code
0039 02
Patron saint
Ambrose
Saint day
7 December
Website
Official website
Milan (English: /mɪˈlæn/ or US: /mɪˈlɑːn/;[2] Italian: Milano [miˈlaːno] ( listen); Lombard: Milan [miˈlãː] (Milanese variant))[3][4] is the city capital of the Lombardy Region in Northern Italy and was the city with the 3rd largest economy in the European Union in 2016.[5]It is the second most populous city in Italy after Rome, with the city proper having a population of 1,369,000[6] (the Metropolitan City of Milan has a population of 3,219,000).[6] Its geographical outskirt (that stretches beyond the boundaries of the Metropolitan City of Milan), has a population estimated to be about 5,270,000 in 1,891 square kilometres (730 square miles),[7] ranking 2nd in the European Union. The wider Milan metropolitan area, popular for Greater Milan, is a polycentric metropolitan region that comprehends almost every province of Lombardy, the Piedmont province of Novara, and some parts of the province of Piacenza which counts an estimated total population of 8,123,020.[8][9][10]
Milan is Italy's main industrial and financial capital and corporation hub home to thousands of the most important companies worldwide. In terms of GDP, it has the largest economy among European non-capital cities.[11][12] Milan is considered part of the Blue Banana and has now become the wealthiest city among the economic rivalry "Four Motors for Europe."
Milano is currently a leading Alpha Global City,[13] with strengths in the arts, commerce, design, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, services, research, and tourism. Its business district hosts Italy's Stock Exchange and the headquarters of the largest national and international banks and companies. Its official stock index FTSE MIB is one of the world's most valued stocks that, for an example, has surpassed the United States' Dow Jones and NASDAQ indices by 300%.
The city has long been named Fashion Capital of the World and the World's Design capital, attributed for several multinational events and fairs, including Milan Fashion Week and the Milan Furniture Fair, which are currently the biggest in terms of revenue and capital growth.[14][15][16] The city hosts numerous cultural institutions, academies and universities, with 11% of the national total enrolled students.[17]
Milan's museums have one of the most expensive artifacts in the world. In terms of tourism and arts, some of its few record-breaking landmarks are in the city center, home to the world's first 7 star hotel Town House Galleria, biggest gothic cathedral Duomo, and one of the leading opera and ballet theatres in the world, La Scala, the first modern design palaces of the 1950s of Viale Beatrice d'Este, a road that dates back to ancient Rome, and on which they walked princesses with Leonardo da Vinci. Landmarks (including the Milan Cathedral, Sforza Castle and Leonardo da Vinci paintings such as The Last Supper, a UNESCO World Heritage Site) attract over 11 million visitors and grows by 12.5% each year, which means that Milan welcomes the most cultural tourists in the world. (data referred to city proper).[18] Milan has one of the highest numbers of accredited stars from the Michelin Guide in the world.[19] The city hosted the Universal Exposition in 1906 and 2015. Milan hosts two of Europe's major football teams, A.C. Milan and F.C. Internazionale, and one of Italy's major basketball teams, Olimpia Milano.
Contents
[hide]
1 Toponymy
2 History
3 Geography
3.1 Topography
4 Climate
5 Government
5.1 Municipal government
5.2 Provincial and regional government
6 Cityscape
6.1 Architecture
6.2 Parks and gardens
7 Demographics
7.1 Ethnic groups
7.2 Religion
8 Economy
9 Culture
9.1 Museums and art galleries
9.2 Music
9.3 Fashion and design
9.4 Languages and literature
9.5 Media
9.6 Cuisine
9.7 Sport
10 Education
11 Transport
12 International relations
12.1 Twin towns – sister cities
12.2 Other relations
13 See also
14 References
14.1 Notes
14.2 Bibliography
15 External links
Toponymy[edit]
The etymology of the name Milan (Lombard: Milan [miˈlã]) remains uncertain. One theory holds that the Latin name Mediolanum comes from the Latin words medio (in the middle) and planus (plain).[20] However, some scholars believe that lanum comes from the Celtic root lan, meaning an enclosure or demarcated territory (source of the Welsh word llan, meaning "a sanctuary or church", ultimately cognate to English/German Land) in which Celtic communities used to build shrines.[21] Hence Mediolanum could signify the central town or sanctuary of a Celtic tribe. Indeed, about sixty Gallo-Roman sites in France bore the name "Mediolanum", for example: Saintes (Mediolanum Santonum) and Évreux (Mediolanum Aulercorum).[22] In addition, another theory links the name to the boar sow (the Scrofa semilanuta) an ancient emblem of the city, fancifully accounted for in Andrea Alciato's Emblemata (1584), beneath a woodcut of the first raising of the city walls, where a boar is seen lifted from the excavation, and the etymology of Mediolanum given as "half-wool",[23] explained in Latin and in French.
The foundation of Milan is credited to two Celtic peoples, the Bituriges and the Aedui, having as their emblems a ram and a boar;[24] therefore "The city's symbol is a wool-bearing boar, an animal of double form, here with sharp bristles, there with sleek wool."[25] Alciato credits Ambrose for his account.[26]
History[edit]
Main articles: History of Milan and Timeline of Milan
The Roman Colonne di San Lorenzo
Around 400 BC, the Celtic Insubres settled Milan and the surrounding region.[27] In 222 BC, the Romans conquered the settlement, renaming it Mediolanum. Mediolanum (Milan), the Latinized form of Medhelanon, meaning "sanctuary", was founded by the Insubri Celts in 590 BC. According to Titus Livy's comments, the city was founded around 600 BC by Belloveso, chief of the Celtic tribe.
Milan was conquered by the Romans in 222 BC due to its strategic position on the northern borders of the Empire. When Diocletian decided to divide the Empire in half choosing the Eastern half for himself, Milan became the residence of Maximian, ruler of the Western Roman Empire.
The beginning of the 5th century was the start of a tortuous period of barbarian invasions for Milan. After the city was besieged by the Visigoths in 402, the imperial residence was moved to Ravenna. An age of decadence began which worsened when Attila, King of the Huns, sacked and devastated the city in 452 AD. In 539, the Ostrogoths conquered and destroyed Milan during the Gothic War against Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. In the summer of 569, a Teutonic tribe, the Lombards (from which the name of the Italian region Lombardy derives), conquered Milan, overpowering the small Byzantine army left for its defence. Some Roman structures remained in use in Milan under Lombard rule.[28] Milan surrendered to Charlemagne and the Franks in 774.
The 11th century saw a reaction against the control of the German emperors. The city-state was born, an expression of the new political power of the city and its will to fight against all feudal powers. Milan was no exception. It did not take long, however, for the City States to begin fighting each other to try to limit neighbouring powers.[29] The Milanese destroyed Lodi and continuously warred with Pavia, Cremona and Como, who in turn asked the Emperor of Germany, Frederick I Barbarossa for help. This brought the destruction of much of Milan in 1162. A fire destroyed the storehouses containing the entire food supply: and within just a few days Milan was forced to surrender.
The Biscione: the coat of arms of the House of Visconti
A period of peace followed and Milan prospered as a centre of trade due to its position. As a result of the independence that the Lombard cities gained in the Peace of Constance in 1183, Milan became a duchy. In 1447 Filippo Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan, died without a male heir; following the end of the Visconti line, the Ambrosian Republic was enacted. The Ambrosian Republic took its name from St. Ambrose, popular patron saint of the city of Milan.[30] Both the Guelph and the Ghibelline factions worked together to bring about the Ambrosian Republic in Milan. Nonetheless, the Republic collapsed when, in 1450, Milan was conquered by Francesco Sforza, of the House of Sforza, which made Milan one of the leading cities of the Italian Renaissance.[30][31]
The Italian Wars were a series of conflicts from 1494 to 1559 that involved, at various times, most of the city-states of Italy, the Papal States, the Republic of Venice, and later most of the major states of Western Europe.
The Great Plague of Milan in 1629–31 killed an estimated 60,000 people out of a population of 130,000. This episode is considered one of the last outbreaks of the centuries-long pandemic of plague that began with the Black Death.[32]
Napoleon invaded Italy in 1796, and Milan was declared capital of the Cisalpine Republic. Later, he declared Milan capital of the Kingdom of Italy and was crowned in the Duomo. Once Napoleon's occupation ended, the Congress of Vienna returned Lombardy, and Milan, along with Veneto, to Austrian control in 1815.[33] During this period, Milan became a centre of lyric opera. Here in the 1770s Mozart had premiered three operas at the Teatro Regio Ducal. Later La Scala became the reference theatre in the world, with its premières of Bellini, Donizetti, Rossini and Verdi. Verdi himself is interred in the Casa di Riposo per Musicisti, his present to Milan. In the 19th century other important theatres were La Cannobiana and the Teatro Carcano.
Episode from the "Five Days"
On 18 March 1848, the Milanese rebelled against Austrian rule, during the so-called "Five Days" (Italian: Le Cinque Giornate), and Field Marshal Radetzky was forced to withdraw from the city temporarily. The Kingdom of Sardinia stepped in to help the insurgents; a plebiscite held in Lombardy decided in favour of unification with Sardinia. However, after defeating the Sardinian forces at Custoza on 24 July, Radetzky was able to reassert Austrian control over Milan and northern Italy. A few years on, however, Italian nationalists again called for the removal of Austria and Italian unification. Sardinia and France formed an alliance and defeated Austria at the Battle of Solferino in 1859.[34] Following this battle, Milan and the rest of Lombardy were incorporated into the Kingdom of Sardinia, which soon gained control of most of Italy and in 1861 was rechristened as the Kingdom of Italy.
The political unification of Italy cemented Milan's commercial dominance over northern Italy. It also led to a flurry of railway construction that had started under Austrian partronage (Venice–Milan; Milan–Monza) that made Milan the rail hub of northern Italy. Thereafter with the opening of the Gotthard (1881) and Simplon (1906) railway tunnels, Milan became the major South European rail focus for business and passenger movements e.g. the Simplon Orient Express. Rapid industrialization and market expansion put Milan at the centre of Italy's leading industrial region, including extensive stone quarries that have led to much of the air pollution we see today in the region. In the 1890s Milan was shaken by the Bava-Beccaris massacre, a riot related to a high inflation rate. Meanwhile, as Milanese banks dominated Italy's financial sphere, the city became the country's leading financial centre.
In 1919, Benito Mussolini's Blackshirts rallied for the first time in Piazza San Sepolcro and later began their March on Rome in Milan. During the Second World War Milan suffered extensive damage from Allied bombings.[35] When Italy surrendered in 1943, German forces occupied most of Northern Italy until 1945. As a result, resistance groups formed.[36] As the war came to an end, the American 1st Armored Division advanced on Milan – but before they arrived, the resistance seized control of the city and executed Mussolini along with several members of his government. On 29 April 1945, the corpses of Mussolini, his mistress Clara Petacci and other Fascist leaders were hanged in Piazzale Loreto.
Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II destroyed by allied bombings
During the post-war economic boom, a large wave of internal migration (especially from rural areas of Southern Italy), moved to Milan. The population grew from 1.3 million in 1951 to 1.7 million in 1967.[37] During this period, Milan was largely reconstructed, with the building of several innovative and modernist skyscrapers, such as the Torre Velasca and the Pirelli Tower.[38] The economic prosperity was however overshadowed in the late 1960s and early 1970s during the so-called Years of Lead, when Milan witnessed an unprecedented wave of street violence, labour strikes and political terrorism. The apex of this period of turmoil occurred on 12 December 1969, when a bomb exploded at the National Agrarian Bank in Piazza Fontana, killing seventeen people and injuring eighty-eight.
In the 1980s, with the international success of Milanese houses (like Armani, Versace and Dolce & Gabbana), Milan became one of the world's fashion capitals. The city saw also a marked rise in international tourism, notably from America and Japan, while the stock exchange increased its market capitalisation more than five-fold.[39] This period led the mass media to nickname the metropolis "Milano da bere", literally "Milan to drink".[40] However, in the 1990s, Milan was badly affected by Tangentopoli, a political scandal in which many politicians and businessmen were tried for corruption. The city was also affected by a severe financial crisis and a steady decline in textiles, automobile and steel production.[38]
In the early 21st century, Milan underwent a series of sweeping redevelopments. Its exhibition centre moved to a much larger site in Rho.[41] New business districts such as Porta Nuova and CityLife [42] were constructed. With the decline in manufacturing, the city has sought to develop on its other sources of revenue, including publishing, finance, banking, fashion design, information technology, logistics, transport and tourism.[43] In addition, the city's decades-long population decline seems to have come to an end in recent years, with signs of recovery as it grew by seven percent since the last census.
Geography[edit]
Topography[edit]
Aerial view of the city
Milan is located in the north-western section of the Po Valley, approximately halfway between the river Po to the south and the foothills of the Alps with the great lakes (Lake Como, Lake Maggiore, Lake Lugano) to the north, the Ticino river to the west and the Adda to the east. The city's land is flat, the highest point being at 122 m (400.26 ft) above sea level.
The administrative commune covers an area of about 181 square kilometres (70 sq mi), with a population, in 2013, of 1,324,169 and a population density of 7,315 inhabitants per square kilometre (18,950/sq mi). The Metropolitan City of Milan covers 1,575 square kilometres (608 sq mi) and in 2015 had a population estimated at 3,196,825, with a resulting density of 2,029 inhabitants per square kilometre (5,260/sq mi).[44] A larger urban area, comprising parts of the provinces of Milan, Monza e Brianza, Como, Lecco and Varese is 1,891 square kilometres (730 sq mi) wide and has a population of 5,270,000 with a density of 2,783 inhabitants per square kilometre (7,210/sq mi).[7]
The concentric layout of the city centre reflects the Navigli, an ancient system of navigable and interconnected canals, now mostly covered.[45] The suburbs of the city have expanded mainly to the north, swallowing up many communes to reach Varese, Como, Lecco and Bergamo.[46]
Climate[edit]
Milan Cathedral on a sunny day
Milan has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa), according to the Köppen climate classification, or a temperate oceanic climate (Do), according to the Trewartha climate classification. Milan's climate is similar to much of Northern Italy's inland plains, with hot, sultry summers and cold, foggy winters. However, the mean number of days with precipitation per year is one of the lowest in Europe. The Alps and Apennines mountains form a natural barrier that protects the city from the major circulations coming from northern Europe and the sea.[47]
During winter, daily average temperatures can fall below freezing (0 °C [32 °F]) and accumulations of snow can occur: the historic average of Milan's area is 25 centimetres (10 in) in the period between 1961 and 1990, with a record of 90 centimetres (35 in) in January 1985. In the suburbs the average can reach 36 centimetres (14 in).[48] The city receives on average seven days of snow per year.[49]
The city is often shrouded in heavy fog, although the removal of rice paddies from the southern neighbourhoods and the urban heat island effect have reduced this occurrence in recent decades. Occasionally, the Foehn winds cause the temperatures to rise unexpectedly: on 22 January 2012 the daily high reached 16 °C (61 °F) while on 22 February 2012 it reached 21 °C (70 °F).[50] Air pollution levels rise significantly in wintertime when cold air clings to the soil, causing Milan to be one of Europe’s most polluted cities.[51]
In summer, humidity levels are high and peak temperatures can reach temperatures above 35 °C (95 °F).[52] Usually this season enjoys clearer skies with an average of more than 13 hours of daylight:[53] when precipitations occur though, there is a higher likelihood of them being thunderstorms and hailstorms.[53] Springs and autumns are generally pleasant, with temperatures ranging between 10 and 20 °C (50 and 68 °F); these seasons are characterised by higher rainfall, especially in April and May.[54] Relative humidity typically ranges between 45% (comfortable) and 95% (very humid) throughout the year, rarely dropping below 27% (dry) and reaching as high as 100%[53] Wind is generally absent: over the course of the year typical wind speeds vary from 0 to 14 km/h (0 to 9 mph) (calm to gentle breeze), rarely exceeding 29 km/h (18 mph) (fresh breeze), except during summer thunderstorms when winds can blow strong. In the spring, gale-force windstorms may happen, generated either by Tramontane blowing from the Alps or by Bora-like winds from the north.[53]

[hide]Climate data for Milan (Linate Airport, 1971–2000, Extremes 1946–present)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
21.7
(71.1) 23.8
(74.8) 26.9
(80.4) 32.4
(90.3) 35.5
(95.9) 36.6
(97.9) 37.2
(99) 36.9
(98.4) 33.0
(91.4) 28.2
(82.8) 23.0
(73.4) 21.2
(70.2) 37.2
(99)
Average high °C (°F)
5.9
(42.6) 9.0
(48.2) 14.3
(57.7) 17.4
(63.3) 22.3
(72.1) 26.2
(79.2) 29.2
(84.6) 28.5
(83.3) 24.4
(75.9) 17.8
(64) 10.7
(51.3) 6.4
(43.5) 17.7
(63.9)
Daily mean °C (°F)
2.5
(36.5) 4.7
(40.5) 9.0
(48.2) 12.2
(54) 17.0
(62.6) 20.8
(69.4) 23.6
(74.5) 23.0
(73.4) 19.2
(66.6) 13.4
(56.1) 7.2
(45) 3.3
(37.9) 13.0
(55.4)
Average low °C (°F)
−0.9
(30.4) 0.3
(32.5) 3.8
(38.8) 7.0
(44.6) 11.6
(52.9) 15.4
(59.7) 18.0
(64.4) 17.6
(63.7) 14.0
(57.2) 9.0
(48.2) 3.7
(38.7) 0.1
(32.2) 8.3
(46.9)
Record low °C (°F)
−15.0
(5) −15.6
(3.9) −7.4
(18.7) −2.5
(27.5) −0.8
(30.6) 5.6
(42.1) 8.4
(47.1) 8.0
(46.4) 3.0
(37.4) −2.3
(27.9) −6.2
(20.8) −13.6
(7.5) −15.6
(3.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
58.7
(2.311) 49.2
(1.937) 65.0
(2.559) 75.5
(2.972) 95.5
(3.76) 66.7
(2.626) 66.8
(2.63) 88.8
(3.496) 93.1
(3.665) 122.4
(4.819) 76.7
(3.02) 61.7
(2.429) 920.1
(36.224)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)
6.7 5.3 6.7 8.1 8.9 7.7 5.4 7.1 6.1 8.3 6.4 6.3 83.0
Average relative humidity (%)
86 78 71 75 72 71 71 72 74 81 85 86 77
Mean monthly sunshine hours
58.9 96.1 151.9 177.0 210.8 243.0 285.2 251.1 186.0 130.2 66.0 58.9 1,915.1
Source: Servizio Meteorologico[55][56][57]
Government[edit]
Municipal government[edit]
See also: Mayor of Milan, City Council of Milan, and Boroughs of Milan
Palazzo Marino, Milan City Hall
Giuseppe Sala, mayor since 2016
The city's nine boroughs
The legislative body of the municipality is the City Council (Consiglio Comunale), which is composed by 48 councillors elected every five years with a proportional system, contextually to the mayoral elections. The executive body is the City Committee (Giunta Comunale), composed by 12 assessors, that is nominated and presided over by a directly elected Mayor. The current mayor of Milan is Giuseppe Sala, a left-wing independent leading a progressive alliance composed by Democratic Party and Italian Left.
The municipality of Milan is subdivided into nine administrative Borough Councils (Consigli di Municipio), down from the former twenty districts before the 1999 administrative reform.[58] Each Borough Council is governed by a Council (Consiglio) and a President, elected contextually to the city Mayor. The urban organisation is governed by the Italian Constitution (art. 114), the Municipal Statute[59] and several laws, notably the Legislative Decree 267/2000 or Unified Text on Local Administration (Testo Unico degli Enti Locali).[60] After the 2016 administrative reform, the Borough Councils have the power to advise the Mayor with nonbinding opinions on a large spectrum of topics and are responsible for running most local services, such as schools, social services, waste collection, roads, parks, libraries and local commerce; in addition they are supplied with an autonomous funding in order to finance local activities.
Provincial and regional government[edit]
Milan is the capital of the eponymous administrative province and of Lombardy, one of the twenty regions of Italy. While the Province of Milan has a population of 3,195,211, making it the second most populated province of Italy after Rome, Lombardy is by far the most populated region of Italy, with more than ten million inhabitants, almost one sixth of the national total. The seat of the regional government is Palazzo Lombardia that, standing at 161.3 metres (529 feet),[61] is the second tallest building in Milan.
According to the last governmental dispositions concerning administrative reorganisation, the urban area of Milan is one of the 15 Metropolitan municipalities (città metropolitane), new administrative bodies fully operative since 1 January 2015.[62] The new Metro municipalities, giving large urban areas the administrative powers of a province, are conceived for improving the performance of local administrations and to slash local spending by better co-ordinating the municipalities in providing basic services (including transport, school and social programs) and environment protection.[63] In this policy framework, the Mayor of Milan is designated to exercise the functions of Metropolitan mayor (Sindaco metropolitano), presiding over a Metropolitan Council formed by 16 mayors of municipalities within the Metro municipality.
The Metropolitan City of Milan is headed by the Metropolitan Mayor (Sindaco metropolitano) and by the Metropolitan Council (Consiglio metropolitano). Since 21 June 2016 Giuseppe Sala, as mayor of the capital city, has been the mayor of the Metropolitan City.
Cityscape[edit]
Skyline from the roof of the Duomo
Architecture[edit]
See also: List of buildings in Milan and Villas and palaces in Milan
Piazza Duomo with Milan Cathedral and Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II
There are only few remains of the ancient Roman colony, notably the well-preserved Colonne di San Lorenzo. During the second half of the 4th century, Saint Ambrose, as bishop of Milan, had a strong influence on the layout of the city, reshaping the centre (although the cathedral and baptistery built in Roman times are now lost) and building the great basilicas at the city gates: Sant'Ambrogio, San Nazaro in Brolo, San Simpliciano and Sant'Eustorgio, which still stand, refurbished over the centuries, as some of the finest and most important churches in Milan. Milan's Cathedral, built between 1386 and 1577, is the fifth largest cathedral in the world[64] and the most important example of Gothic architecture in Italy. The gilt bronze statue of the Virgin Mary, placed in 1774 on the highest pinnacle of the Duomo, soon became one of the most enduring symbols of Milan.[65]
Courtyard inside the Sforza Castle
In the 15th century, when the Sforza ruled the city, an old Viscontean fortress was enlarged and embellished to become the Castello Sforzesco, the seat of an elegant Renaissance court surrounded by a walled hunting park. Notable architects involved in the project included the Florentine Filarete, who was commissioned to build the high central entrance tower, and the military specialist Bartolomeo Gadio.[66] The alliance between Francesco Sforza and Florence's Cosimo de' Medici bore to Milan Tuscan models of Renaissance architecture, apparent in the Ospedale Maggiore and Bramante's work in the city, which includes Santa Maria presso San Satiro (a reconstruction of a small 9th-century church), the tribune of Santa Maria delle Grazie and three cloisters for Sant'Ambrogio.[67] The Counter-Reformation in the 16th–17th century was also the period of Spanish domination and was marked by two powerful figures: Saint Charles Borromeo and his cousin, Cardinal Federico Borromeo. Not only did they impose themselves as moral guides to the people of Milan, but they also gave a great impulse to culture, with the creation of the Biblioteca Ambrosiana, in a building designed by Francesco Maria Ricchino, and the nearby Pinacoteca Ambrosiana. Many notable churches and Baroque mansions were built in the city during this period by the architects, Pellegrino Tibaldi, Galeazzo Alessi and Ricchino himself.[68]
The Arch of Peace.
Empress Maria Theresa of Austria was responsible for the significant renovations carried out in Milan during the 18th century.[69] This profound urban and artistic renewal included the establishment of Teatro alla Scala, inaugurated in 1778 and today one of the world's most famous opera houses, and the renovation of the Royal Palace. The late 1700s Palazzo Belgioioso by Giuseppe Piermarini and Royal Villa of Milan by Leopoldo Pollack, later the official residence of Austrian vice-roys, are often regarded among the best examples of Neoclassical architecture in Lombardy.[70] The Napoleonic rule of the city in 1805–1814, having established Milan as the capital of a satellite Kingdom of Italy, took steps in order to reshape it accordingly to its new status, with the construction of large boulevards, new squares (Porta Ticinese by Luigi Cagnola and Foro Bonaparte by Giovanni Antonio Antolini) and cultural institutions (Art Gallery and the Academy of Fine Arts).[71] The massive Arch of Peace, situated at the bottom of Corso Sempione, is often compared to the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. In the second half of the 19th century, Milan quickly became the main industrial centre in of the new Italian nation, drawing inspiration from the great European capitals that were hubs of the second industrial revolution. The great Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, realised by Giuseppe Mengoni between 1865 and 1877 to celebrate Vittorio Emanuele II, is a covered passage with a glass and cast iron roof, inspired by the Burlington Arcade in London. Another late 19th century eclectic monument in the city is the Cimitero Monumentale graveyard, built in a Neo-Romanesque style between 1863 and 1866.
Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II
The tumultuous period of early 20th century brought several, radical innovations in Milanese architecture. Art Nouveau, also known as Liberty in Italy, is recognisable in Palazzo Castiglioni, built by architect Giuseppe Sommaruga between 1901 and 1904.[72] Other remarkable examples include Hotel Corso[72] and Berri-Meregalli house, the latter built in a traditional Milanese Art Nouveau style combined with elements of neo-Romanesque and Gothic revival architecture, regarded as one of the last such types of architecture in the city.[73] A new, more eclectic form of architecture can be seen in buildings such as Castello Cova, built the 1910s in a distinctly neo-medieval style, evoking the architectural trends of the past.[74] An important example of Art Deco, which blended such styles with Fascist architecture, is the huge Central railway station inaugurated in 1931.[75]
The post–World War II period saw rapid reconstruction and fast economic growth, accompanied by a nearly two-fold increase in population. In the 1950s and 1960s, a strong demand for new residential and commercial areas drove to extreme urban expansion, that has produced some of the major milestones in the city's architectural history, including Gio Ponti's Pirelli Tower (1956–60), Velasca Tower (1956–58), and the creation of brand new residential satellite towns, as well as huge amounts of low quality public housings. In recent years, de-industrialization, urban decay and gentrification led to a vast urban renewal of former industrial areas, that have been transformed into modern residential and financial districts, notably Porta Nuova in downtown Milan and FieraMilano in the suburb of Rho. In addition, the old exhibition area is being completely reshaped according to the Citylife regeneration project, featuring residencial areas, museums, an urban park and three skyscrapers designed by international architects, and after whom they are named: the 202-metre (663-foot) Isozaki Tower – when completed, the tallest building in Italy,[76] the twisted Hadid Tower,[77] and the curved Libeskind Tower.[78]
Parks and gardens[edit]
Montanelli Gardens
Sempione Park, with the Arch of Peace in the background
The largest parks in the central area of Milan are Sempione Park, at the north-western edge, and Montanelli Gardens, situated northeast of the city. English-style Sempione Park, built in 1890, contains a Napoleonic Arena, the Milan City Aquarium, a steel lattice panoramic tower, an art exhibition centre, a Japanese garden and a public library.[79] The Montanelli gardens, created in the 18th century, hosts the Natural History Museum of Milan and a planetarium.[80] Slightly away from the city centre, heading east, Forlanini Park is characterised by a large pond and a few preserved shacks which remind of the area's agricultural past.[81]
In addition, even though Milan is located in one of the most urbanised regions of Italy, it's surrounded by a belt of green areas and features numerous gardens even in its very centre. Since 1990, the farmlands and woodlands north (Parco Nord Milano) and south (Parco Agricolo Sud Milano) of the urban area have been protected as regional parks. West of the city, the Parco delle Cave (Sand pit park,) has been established on a neglected site where gravel and sand used to be extracted, featuring artificial lakes and woods.
Demographics[edit]
Historical population
Year
Pop.
±%
300
40,000 —
400
100,000 +150.0%
1200
90,000 −10.0%
1280
200,000 +122.2%
1300
200,000 +0.0%
1400
125,000 −37.5%
1861
267,618 +114.1%
1871
290,514 +8.6%
1881
354,041 +21.9%
1901
538,478 +52.1%
1911
701,401 +30.3%
1921
818,148 +16.6%
1931
960,660 +17.4%
1936
1,115,768 +16.1%
1951
1,274,154 +14.2%
1961
1,582,421 +24.2%
1971
1,732,000 +9.5%
1981
1,604,773 −7.3%
1991
1,369,231 −14.7%
2001
1,256,211 −8.3%
2011
1,242,123 −1.1%
2015 (est.)
1,359,905 +9.5%
Source: ISTAT 2011[82][83][84][85][86][87][88]
With rapid industrialisation in post-war years, the population of Milan peaked at 1,743,427 in 1973.[89] Thereafter, during the following thirty years, almost one third of the population moved to the outer belt of new suburbs and satellite settlements that grew around the city proper. There were an estimated 1,324,169 official residents in the commune of Milan at the end of 2013 and 3,196,825 in its administrative metropolitan city.[44] However, Milan's conurbation extends well beyond the limits of its administrative area and was home to 5,270,000 people in 2015,[7] while its wider metropolitan area has a population of between 7[90] and 10[91] million depending on the definition used.
Ethnic groups[edit]
Top 10 nationalities of foreign residents (2017)[92]
Country of birth
Population
Romania 45,766
Egypt 40,276
Philippines 37,760
Peru 29,236
Ecuador 28,782
Albania 27,183
Morocco 23,834
China 23,556
This section needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (June 2017)
As of the 2011 census, the Italian national institute of statistics estimated that 236,855 foreign-born residents lived in Milan,[93] representing almost 20% of the total resident population, a rapid increase from recent years levels. After World War II, Milan experienced two main waves of immigration: the first, dating from the 1950s to the early 1970s, saw a large influx of migrants from poorer and rural areas within Italy; the second, starting from the late 1980s, has been characterised by the preponderance of foreign-born immigrants.[94]
The early period coincided with the so-called Italian economic miracle of postwar years, an era of extraordinary growth based on rapid industrial expansion and great public works, that brought to the city a large influx of over 400,000 people, mainly from rural and overpopulated Southern Italy.[38] In the last three decades, the foreign born share of the population soared. Immigrants came mainly from Africa (in particular Egyptian, Moroccans, Senegalese, and Nigerian), and the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe (notably Albania, Romania, Ukraine, Macedonia, Moldova), in addition to a growing number of Asians (in particular Chinese, Sri Lankans and Filipinos) and Latin Americans (Mainly South Americans). At the beginning of the 1990s, Milan already had a population of foreign-born residents of approximately 58,000 (or 4% of the then population), that rose rapidly to over 117,000 by the end of the decade (about 9% of the total).[95]
Decades of continuing high immigration have made the city the most cosmopolitan and multicultural in Italy. Milan notably hosts the oldest and largest Chinese community in Italy, with almost 21,000 people in 2011.[96] Situated in the 9th district, and centred on Via Paolo Sarpi, an important commercial avenue, the Milanese Chinatown was originally established in the 1920s by immigrants from Wencheng County, in the Zhejiang province, and used to operate small textile and leather workshops.[97] Milan has also a substantial English-speaking community (more than 3,000 American, British and Australian expatriates[96]), and several English schools and language publications, such as Hello Milano, Where Milano and Easy Milano.
Religion[edit]
Milan's population, like that of Italy as a whole, is mostly Catholic. It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan. The city is also home to sizeable Orthodox,[98] Buddhist,[99] Jewish,[100] Muslim,[101][102] and Protestant[103][104] communities.[clarification needed]
Milan has its own historic Catholic rite known as the Ambrosian Rite (Italian: Rito ambrosiano). It varies slightly from the typical Catholic rite (the Roman, used in all other western regions), with some differences in the liturgy and mass celebrations, in the Canons are Easter and Lent, in the colour of liturgical vestments, peculiar use of incense, marriage form, office for the dead, baptism by immersion, and in the calendar (for example, the date for the beginning of lent is celebrated some days after the common date, so the carnival has different date). The season of Advent is of six weeks duration and starts on the Sunday after the feast of Saint Martin (11 November). The Ambrosian rite is also practised in other surrounding locations in Lombardy, parts of Piedmont and in the Swiss canton of Ticino. The sounding of church bells uses a peculiar technique. Another important difference concerns the liturgical music. The Gregorian chant was completely unused in Milan and surrounding areas, because the official one was its own Ambrosian chant, definitively established by the Council of Trent (1545–1563) and earlier than the Gregorian.[105] To preserve this music there has developed the unique schola cantorum, a college, and an Institute called PIAMS (Pontifical Ambrosian Institute of Sacred Music), in partnership with the Pontifical Institute of Sacred Music (PIMS) in Rome.[106]
The Milan Synagogue was designed by Luca Beltrami in 1892. The Anglican Episcopal Church of All Saints Milan was built in 1896. In 2014 the City Council agreed on the construction of a mosque next to the area of the former sport venue Palatrussardi.[107]
Economy[edit]
Main article: Economy of Milan
The skyscrapers of Porta Nuova business district
Milan Stock Exchange
Citylife district
While Rome is Italy's political capital, Milan is the country's industrial and financial heart. With a 2010 GDP estimated at €132.5 billion,[108] the province of Milan generates approximately 9% of the national GDP; while the economy of the Lombardy region generates approximately 20% of Italy's GDP (or an estimated €325 billion in 2010,[109] roughly the size of Belgium). The province of Milan is home to about 45% of businesses in the Lombardy region and more than 8 percent of all businesses in Italy, including three Fortune 500 companies.[110]
Milan is, since the late 1800s, an important industrial and manufacturing centre, especially for the automotive industry, with companies such as Alfa Romeo, Pirelli and Techint having a significant presence in the city. Other important products manufactured in Milan include chemicals, machinery, pharmaceuticals and plastics, health and biotechnologie and food & beverage.
The city is home to a large number of media and advertising agencies, national newspapers and telecommunication companies, including both the public service broadcaster RAI and private television companies like Mediaset, La7 and Sky Italia. The city hosts the headquarters of the largest Italian publishing companies, such as Feltrinelli, Mondadori, RCS Media Group, Messaggerie Italiane, and Giunti Editore. Milan has also seen a rapid increase in internet companies with both domestic and international companies such as Altavista, Google, Lycos, Virgilio and Yahoo! establishing their Italian operations in the city.
As Italy's financial hub numerous headquarters of insurance companies as (Alleanza Assicurazioni, Vittoria Assicurazioni) as well as many banking groups (198 companies), including Banca Popolare di Milano, Mediobanca, Banca Mediolanum and UniCredit and over forty foreign banks are located in the city.[111] Also, most asset management companies are based in Milan, including Anima Holding, Azimut Holding, ARCA SGR, and Eurizon Capital. The Associazione Bancaria Italiana representing the Italian banking system and Milan Stock Exchange (225 companies listed on the stock exchange) are both located in the city.
Milan is a major world fashion centre, where the sector can count on 12,000 companies, 800 show rooms, and 6,000 sales outlets (with brands such as Armani, Prada, Versace, Valentino and Luxottica), while four weeks a year are dedicated to top shows and other fashion events.[111] The city is also a global hub for trade and design. The city successfully hosted Expo 2015. FieraMilano, the historical city trade fair operator, operates one of the largest expo areas in the world and the second in Europe (after Hannover) in the northern suburb of Rho, responsible for fairs such as Milan Furniture Fair, EICMA, EMO on 0.7 mln m² of exhibition areas with about 4.5 million visitors every year.[112][113]
Porta Nuova is the main business district of Milan, and one of the most important in Italy. Accenture, AXA, Bank of America, BNP Paribas, Celgene, China Construction Bank, Finanza & Futuro Banca, FinecoBank, FM Global, Google, Herbalife, HSBC, KPMG, Maire Tecnimont, Microsoft, Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Samsung, Shire, Telecom Italia, UniCredit, UnipolSai and many other companies have their main Italian headquarters located there.
Tourism is an increasingly important part of the city's economy: with 7.65 million registered international arrivals in 2016 (up 1.8% on the previous year), Milan ranked as the world's 14th most visited city.[114]
Culture[edit]
Main article: Culture of Milan
Museums and art galleries[edit]
Main articles: Tourism in Milan and List of museums in Milan
Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper, together with the church of Santa Maria delle Grazie, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The Pinacoteca di Brera
The Royal Villa of Milan
Milan is home to many cultural institutions, museums and art galleries, that account for about a tenth of the national total of visitors and receipts.[115] The Pinacoteca di Brera is one of Milan's most important art galleries. It contains one of the foremost collections of Italian painting, including masterpieces such as the Brera Madonna by Piero della Francesca. The Castello Sforzesco hosts numerous art collections and exhibitions, especially statues, ancient arms and furnitures, as well as the Pinacoteca del Castello Sforzesco, with an art collection including Michelangelo's last sculpture, the Rondanini Pietà, Andrea Mantegna's Trivulzio Madonna and Leonardo da Vinci's Codex Trivulzianus manuscript. The Castello complex also includes The Museum of Ancient Art, The Furniture Museum, The Museum of Musical Instruments and the Applied Arts Collection, The Egyptian and Prehistoric sections of the Archaeological Museum and the Achille Bertarelli Print Collection.
Milan's figurative art flourished in the Middle-Ages, and with the Visconti family being major patrons of the arts, the city became an important centre of Gothic art and architecture (Milan Cathedral being the city's most formidable work of Gothic architecture). Leonardo worked in Milan from 1482 until 1499. He was commissioned to paint the Virgin of the Rocks for the Confraternity of the Immaculate Conception and The Last Supper for the monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie.[116]
The city was affected by the Baroque in the 17th and 18th centuries, and hosted numerous formidable artists, architects and painters of that period, such as Caravaggio and Francesco Hayez, which several important works are hosted in Brera Academy. The Museum of Risorgimento is specialised on the history of Italian unification Its collections include iconic paintings like Baldassare Verazzi's Episode from the Five Days and Francesco Hayez's 1840 Portrait of Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria. The Triennale is a design museum and events venue located in Palazzo dell'Arte, in Sempione Park. It hosts exhibitions and events highlighting contemporary Italian design, urban planning, architecture, music, and media arts, emphasising the relationship between art and industry.
Milan in the 20th century was the epicentre of the Futurist artistic movement. Filippo Marinetti, the founder of Italian Futurism wrote in his 1909 "Futurist Manifesto" (in Italian, Manifesto Futuristico), that Milan was "grande...tradizionale e futurista" ("grand...traditional and futuristic", in English). Umberto Boccioni was also an important Futurism artist who worked in the city. Today, Milan remains a major international hub of modern and contemporary art, with numerous modern art galleries. The Modern Art Gallery, situated in the Royal Villa, hosts collections of Italian and European painting from the 18th to the early 20th centuries.[117][118][119] The Museo del Novecento, situated in the Palazzo dell'Arengario, is one of the most important art galleries in Italy about 20th-century art; of particular relevance are the sections dedicated to Futurism, Spatialism and Arte povera. In the early 1990s architect David Chipperfield was invited to convert the premises of the former Ansaldo Factory into a Museum. Museo delle Culture (MUDEC) opened in April 2015.[120] The Gallerie di Piazza Scala, a modern and contemporary museum located in Piazza della Scala in the Palazzo Brentani and the Palazzo Anguissola, hosts 195 artworks from the collections of Fondazione Cariplo with a strong representation of nineteenth century Lombard painters and sculptors, including Antonio Canova and Umberto Boccioni. A new section was opened in the Palazzo della Banca Commerciale Italiana in 2012. Other private ventures dedicated to contemporary art include the exhibiting spaces of the Prada Foundation and HangarBicocca. The Nicola Trussardi Foundation is renewed for organising temporary exhibition in venues around the city. Milan is also home to many public art projects, with a variety of works that range from sculptures to murals to pieces by internationally renowned artists, including Arman, Kengiro Azuma, Francesco Barzaghi, Alberto Burri, Pietro Cascella, Maurizio Cattelan, Leonardo Da Vinci, Giorgio de Chirico, Emilio Isgrò, Fausto Melotti, Joan Miró, Claes Oldenburg, Igor Mitoraj, Gianfranco Pardi, Michelangelo Pistoletto, Arnaldo Pomodoro, Carlo Ramous, Aldo Rossi, Aligi Sassu, Giuseppe Spagnulo and Domenico Trentacoste.
Music[edit]
See also: Music of Milan
La Scala operahouse
Milan is a major national and international centre of the performing arts, most notably opera. The city hosts La Scala operahouse, considered one of the world's most prestigious,[121] having throughout history witnessed the premieres of numerous operas, such as Nabucco by Giuseppe Verdi in 1842, La Gioconda by Amilcare Ponchielli, Madama Butterfly by Giacomo Puccini in 1904, Turandot by Giacomo Puccini in 1926, and more recently Teneke, by Fabio Vacchi in 2007. Other major theatres in Milan include the Teatro degli Arcimboldi, Teatro Dal Verme, Teatro Lirico and formerly the Teatro Regio Ducal. The city is also the seat of a renowned symphony orchestra and musical conservatory, and has been, throughout history, a major centre for musical composition: numerous famous composers and musicians such as Gioseppe Caimo, Simon Boyleau, Hoste da Reggio, Verdi, Giulio Gatti-Casazza, Paolo Cherici and Alice Edun lived and worked in Milan. The city is also the birthplace of many modern ensembles and bands, including Camaleonti, Camerata Mediolanense, Gli Spioni, Dynamis Ensemble, Elio e le Storie Tese, Krisma, Premiata Forneria Marconi, Quartetto Cetra, Stormy Six and Le Vibrazioni.
Fashion and design[edit]
Main article: Fashion in Milan
Piazza San Babila
Milan is widely regarded as a global capital in industrial design, fashion and architecture.[122] In the 1950s and 60s, as the main industrial centre of Italy and one of Europe's most dynamic cities, Milan became a world capital of design and architecture. There was such a revolutionary change that Milan’s fashion exports accounted for $726 million (US currency) in 1952, and by 1955 that number grew to $2.5 billion.[123] Modern skyscrapers, such as the Pirelli Tower and the Torre Velasca were built, and artists such as Bruno Munari, Lucio Fontana, Enrico Castellani and Piero Manzoni gathered in the city.[124] Today, Milan is still particularly well known for its high-quality furniture and interior design industry. The city is home to FieraMilano, Europe's largest permanent trade exhibition, and Salone Internazionale del Mobile, one of the most prestigious international furniture and design fairs.[125]
Milan is also regarded as one of the fashion capitals of the world, along with New York City, Paris, and London.[126] Milan is synonymous with the Italian prêt-à-porter industry,[127] as many of the most famous Italian fashion brands, such as Valentino, Gucci, Versace, Prada, Armani and Dolce & Gabbana, are headquartered in the city. Numerous international fashion labels also operate shops in Milan. Furthermore, the city hosts the Milan Fashion Week twice a year, one of the most important events in the international fashion system.[128] Milan's main upscale fashion district, quadrilatero della moda, is home to the city's most prestigious shopping streets (Via Monte Napoleone, Via della Spiga, Via Sant'Andrea, Via Manzoni and Corso Venezia), in addition to Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, one of the world's oldest shopping malls.[129]
Languages and literature[edit]
Main article: Milanese literature
Alessandro Manzoni
In the late 18th century, and throughout the 19th, Milan was an important centre for intellectual discussion and literary creativity. The Enlightenment found here a fertile ground. Cesare, Marquis of Beccaria, with his famous Dei delitti e delle pene, and Count Pietro Verri, with the periodical Il Caffè were able to exert a considerable influence over the new middle-class culture, thanks also to an open-minded Austrian administration.
In the first years of the 19th century, the ideals of the Romantic movement made their impact on the cultural life of the city and its major writers debated the primacy of Classical versus Romantic poetry. Here, too, Giuseppe Parini, and Ugo Foscolo published their most important works, and were admired by younger poets as masters of ethics, as well as of literary craftsmanship. Foscolo's poem Dei sepolcri was inspired by a Napoleonic law that—against the will of many of its inhabitants—was being extended to the city.
In the third decade of the 19th century, Alessandro Manzoni wrote his novel I Promessi Sposi, considered the manifesto of Italian Romanticism, which found in Milan its centre; in the same period Carlo Porta, reputed the most renowned local vernacular poet, wrote his poems in Lombard Language. The periodical Il Conciliatore published articles by Silvio Pellico, Giovanni Berchet, Ludovico di Breme, who were both Romantic in poetry and patriotic in politics.
After the Unification of Italy in 1861, Milan lost its political importance; nevertheless it retained a sort of central position in cultural debates. New ideas and movements from other countries of Europe were accepted and discussed: thus Realism and Naturalism gave birth to an Italian movement, Verismo. The greatest verista novelist, Giovanni Verga, was born in Sicily but wrote his most important books in Milan.
In addition to Italian, approximately 2 million people in the Milan metropolitan area can speak the Milanese dialect or one of its Western Lombard variations.[130]
Media[edit]
Milan is an important national and international media centre. Corriere della Sera, founded in 1876, is one of the oldest Italian newspapers, and it is published by Rizzoli, as well as La Gazzetta dello Sport, a daily dedicated to coverage of various sports and currently considered the most widely read daily newspaper in Italy. Other popular local dailies are the general broadsheets Il Giorno, Il Giornale, the Roman Catholic Church-owned Avvenire, and Il Sole 24 Ore, a daily business newspaper owned by Confindustria (the Italian employers' federation). Free daily newspapers include Leggo and Metro. Milan is also home to many architecture, art, and fashion periodicals, including Abitare, Casabella, Domus, Flash Art, Gioia, Grazia, and Vogue Italia. Panorama and Oggi, two of Italy’s most important weekly news magazines, are also published in Milan.
Several commercial broadcast television networks have their national headquarters in the Milan conurbation, including Mediaset Group (owner of Canale 5, Italia 1, Iris and Rete 4), Telelombardia and MTV Italy. National radio stations based in Milan include Radio Deejay, Radio 105 Network, R101 (Italy), Radio Popolare, RTL 102.5, Radio Capital and Virgin Radio Italia.
Cuisine[edit]
Main article: Lombard cuisine
Panettone is a traditional Christmas cake.
Like most cities in Italy, Milan has developed its own local culinary tradition, which, as it is typical for North Italian cuisines, uses more frequently rice than pasta, butter than vegetable oil and features almost no tomato or fish. Milanese traditional dishes includes cotoletta alla milanese, a breaded veal (pork and turkey can be used) cutlet pan-fried in butter (similar to Viennese Wiener Schnitzel). Other typical dishes are cassoeula (stewed pork rib chops and sausage with Savoy cabbage), ossobuco (braised veal shank served with a condiment called gremolata), risotto alla milanese (with saffron and beef marrow), busecca (stewed tripe with beans), and brasato (stewed beef or pork with wine and potatoes).
Season-related pastries include chiacchiere (flat fritters dusted with sugar) and tortelli (fried spherical cookies) for Carnival, colomba (glazed cake shaped as a dove) for Easter, pane dei morti ("bread of the (Day of the ) Dead", cookies flavoured with cinnamon) for All Souls' Day and panettone for Christmas. The salame Milano, a salami with a very fine grain, is widespread throughout Italy. Renowned Milanese cheeses are gorgonzola (from the namesake village nearby), mascarpone, used in pastry-making, taleggio and quartirolo.
Milan is well known for its world-class restaurants and cafés, characterised by innovative cuisine and design.[131] As of 2014[update], Milan has 157 Michelin-selected places, including three 2-Michelin-starred restaurants;[132] these include Cracco, Sadler and il Luogo di Aimo e Nadia.[133] Many historical restaurants and bars are found in the historic centre, the Brera and Navigli districts. One of the city's oldest surviving cafés, Caffè Cova, was established in 1817.[134] In total, Milan has 15 cafés, bars and restaurants registered among the Historical Places of Italy, continuously operating for at least 70 years.[135]
Sport[edit]
The San Siro Stadium, one of the largest in Europe.
Milan hosted the FIFA World Cup in 1934 and 1990, the UEFA European Football Championship in 1980 and most recently the 2003 World Rowing Championships, the 2009 World Boxing Championships, and some games of the Men's Volleyball World Championship in 2010 and the final games of the Women's Volleyball World Championship in 2014. In 2018, it will host World Figure Skating Championships.
Milan is the only city in Europe that is home to two European Cup/Champions League winning teams – Serie A renewed football clubs Milan and Inter. Both teams have also won the Intercontinental Cup (now FIFA Club World Cup). With a combined ten Champions League titles, Milan is second after Madrid as city that have won the most European Cups. They are the most successful clubs in the world of football in terms of international trophies. Both teams play at the UEFA 5-star rated Giuseppe Meazza Stadium, more commonly known as the San Siro, that is one of the biggest stadiums in Europe, with a seating capacity of over 80,000.[136] The Meazza Stadium hosted the 2016 UEFA Champions League Final, in which Real Madrid defeated Atlético Madrid 5-3 in a penalty shoot out. A third team, Brera Calcio F.C. plays in Seconda Categoria.[137]
There are currently four professional Lega Basket clubs in Milan: Olimpia Milano, Pallacanestro Milano 1958, Società Canottieri Milano and A.S.S.I. Milano. Olimpia is the most titled basketball club in Italy, having won 27 Italian League championships, 6 Italian National Cups, 1 Italian Super Cup, 3 European Champions Cups, 1 FIBA Intercontinental Cup, 3 FIBA Saporta Cups, 2 FIBA Korać Cups and many junior titles. The team play at the Mediolanum Forum, with a capacity of 12,700 where it has been hosted the final of the 2013-14 Euroleague. In some cases the team play also at the PalaDesio, with a capacity of 6,700.
Milan is also home to Italy's oldest American football team: Rhinos Milano, that won 4 Italian Super Bowls. The team play at the Velodromo Vigorelli, with a capacity of 8,000. Milan has also two cricket teams, Milano Fiori (currently competing in the second division) and Kingsgrove Milan, who won the Serie A championship in 2014. Amatori Rugby Milano, the most titled rugby team in Italy, was founded in Milan in 1927. The world-famous Monza Formula One circuit is located near the city, inside a suburban park. It is one of the world's oldest car racing circuits. The capacity for the F1 races is currently of over 113,000. It has hosted an F1 race nearly every year since the first year of competition, with the exception of 1980.
Milan will host the 134th IOC Session in 2019.
Education[edit]
Politecnico di Milano, building in Bovisa district
Milan is home to some of Italy's most prominent educational institutions. Milan's higher education system includes 7 universities, 48 faculties and 142 departments, with 185,000 university students in 2011 (approximately 11 percent of the national total)[17] and the largest number of university graduates and postgraduate students (34,000 and more than 5,000, respectively) in Italy.[138]
Founded in 1863, the Politecnico di Milano is the oldest university in Milan. The Politecnico is organised in 16 departments and a network of 9 Schools of engineering, architecture and industrial design spread over 7 campuses in the Lombardy region. The number of students enrolled in all campuses is approximately 38,000, which makes Politecnico the largest technical university in Italy.[139] The University of Milan, founded in 1923, is the largest public teaching and research university in the city, with 9 faculties, 58 departments, 48 institutes and a teaching staff of 2,500 professors.[140] A leading institute in Italy and Europe in scientific publication, the University of Milan is the sixth largest university in Italy, with approximately 60,000 enrolled students.[141]
Brera Academy main court
Via Festa del Perdono, the University of Milan
Other prominent universities in Milan include: the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, a private institute founded in 1921 and located in the Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio, famous for its law and economics teaching, currently the largest Catholic university in the world with 42,000 enrolled students;[142] the Bocconi University, a private management and finance school established in 1902, ranking as the seventh best business school in Europe;[143] the University of Milan Bicocca, a multidisciplinary public university with more than 30,000 enrolled students;[144] the IULM University of Milan, specialising in marketing, information and communications technology, tourism and fashion;[145] the Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, linked to the San Raffaele hospital, is home to research laboratories in neurology, neurosurgery, diabetology, molecular biology, AIDS studies and cognitive science.[146]
Milan is also well known for its fine arts and music schools. The Milan Academy of Fine Arts (Brera Academy) is a public academic institution founded in 1776 by Empress Maria Theresa of Austria; the New Academy of Fine Arts is the largest private art and design university in Italy;[147] the European Institute of Design is a private university specialised in fashion, industrial and interior design, audio/visual design including photography, advertising and marketing and business communication; the Marangoni Institute, is a fashion institute with campuses in Milan, London, and Paris; the Domus Academy is a private postgraduate institution of design, fashion, architecture, interior design and management; the Pontifical Ambrosian Institute of Sacred Music, a college of music founded in 1931 by the blessed cardinal A.I. Schuster, archbishop of Milan, and raised according to the rules by the Holy See in 1940, is – similarly to the Pontifical Institute of Sacred Music in Rome, which is consociated with – an Institute "ad instar facultatis" and is authorised to confer university qualifications with canonical validity[148] and the Milan Conservatory, a college of music established in 1807, currently Italy's largest with more than 1,700 students and 240 music teachers.[149]
Transport[edit]
Main article: Transport in Milan
The Malpensa International Airport.
Milan Metro, line 5
Milan is one of southern Europe's key transport nodes and one of Italy's most important railway hubs. Its five major railway stations, such as the Milan Central station, are among Italy's busiest.[150][151] Since the end of 2009, two high speed train lines link Milan to Rome, Naples and Turin, considerably shortening travel times with other major cities in Italy.
The Azienda Trasporti Milanesi (ATM) operates within the metropolitan area, managing a public transport network consisting of an underground rapid transit network and tram, trolley-bus and bus lines. Overall the network covers nearly 1,400 km (870 mi) reaching 86 municipalities. Besides public transport, ATM manages the interchange parking lots and other transportation services including bike sharing and car sharing systems.[152]
Milan Metro is the rapid transit system serving the city and surrounding municipalities, that with 19 metro lines, 14 sub-urban lines and 5 city metro lines, with the metro city lines having a length of more than 100 km (62 mi) and is one of the largest in Europe. The recently opened M5 line is undergoing further expansion and the construction of the M4 line is underway. The Milan suburban railway service comprises 12 lines and connects the metropolitan area with the city centre through the Milan Passerby underground railway. Commonly referred to as "Il Passante", it has a train running every 6 minutes (and in the city functions as a subway line with full transferability to the Milan Metro).
The city tram network consists of approximately 160 kilometres (99 mi) of track and 17 lines, and is Europe's most advanced light rail system.[153] Bus lines cover over 1,070 km (665 mi). Milan has also taxi services operated by private companies and licensed by the City council of Milan. The city is also a key node for the national road network, being served by all the major highways of Northern Italy. Numerous long-distance bus lines link Milan with many other cities and towns in Lombardy and throughout Italy.[154]
Milan is served by three international airports. Linate, the oldest and the only airport lying within the city limits, is mainly used for domestic and short-haul international flights, and served 9 million passengers in 2014.[155] Malpensa International Airport, the second busiest airport in Italy (about 19 million passengers in 2014), is 45 km (28 mi) from central Milan and connected to the city by the "Malpensa Express" railway service. The airport of Orio al Serio, near the city of Bergamo, serves the low-cost traffic of Milan (8.8 million passengers in 2014).[156] Milano Bresso Airport, operated by Aero Club Milano, is a general aviation airport.
International relations[edit]
Albero della vita (Tree of Life) symbol of Expo 2015
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy
Twin towns – sister cities[edit]
Milan has fifteen official sister cities as reported on the city's website.[157] The date column indicates the year in which the relationship was established. São Paulo was Milan's first sister city.
City
Country
Date
São Paulo Brazil 1961
Chicago United States 1962
Lyon France 1967
Frankfurt Germany 1969
Birmingham United Kingdom 1974
Dakar Senegal 1974
Shanghai China 1979
Osaka Japan 1981
Tel Aviv Israel 1997
Bethlehem Palestine 2000
Toronto Canada 2003
Kraków[158] Poland 2003
Melbourne Australia 2004
Daegu[159] South Korea 2015
The partnership with the city of St. Petersburg, Russia, that started in 1967, was suspended in 2012 (a decision taken by the city of Milan), because of the prohibition of the Russian government on "homosexual propaganda".[160]
Other relations[edit]
Milan has the following collaborations:[161]
Algiers, Algeria
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Astana, Kazakhstan
Barcelona, Spain
Bilbao, Spain
Chengdu, China
Copenhagen, Denmark
Guangzhou, China
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Moscow, Russia
New York City, United States
Tegucigalpa, Honduras
Tehran, Iran
See also[edit]
Milan portal
Italy portal
European Union portal
Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits
Outline of Italy
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
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^ Jump up to: a b "Statistiche demografiche ISTAT". istat.it.
^ Jump up to: a b c Demographia: World Urban Areas. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "Statistiche demografiche ISTAT". demo.istat.it. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Le aree metropolitane in Italia e i loro caratteri socio-territoriali" (PDF).
Jump up ^ "Comunicato stampa d'ateneo".
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Jump up ^ medius + lanum; Alciato's "etymology" is intentionally far-fetched.
Jump up ^ Bituricis vervex, Heduis dat sucula signum.
Jump up ^ Laniger huic signum sus est, animálque biforme, Acribus hinc setis, lanitio inde levi.
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Bibliography[edit]
Acts of international convention "Milan Capital", Convegno archeologico internazionale Milano capitale dell'impero romano 1990; Milano Altri autori: Sena Chiesa, Gemma Arslan, Ermanno A.
Agostino a Milano: il battesimo – Agostino nelle terre di Ambrogio: 22–24 aprile 1987 / (relazioni di) Marta Sordi (et al.) Augustinus publ.
Anselmo, Conte di Rosate: istoria milanese al tempo del Barbarossa / Pietro Beneventi, Europia publ.
The decline and fall of the Roman Empire (Edward Gibbon)
The later Roman empire (Jones), Blackwell and Mott, Oxford
Milano romana / Mario Mirabella Roberti (Rusconi publisher) 1984
Marchesi, i percorsi della Storia Minerva Italica (It)
Milano tra l'eta repubblicana e l'eta augustea: atti del Convegno di studi, 26–27 marzo 1999, Milano
Milano capitale dell'impero romano: 286–402 d.c. (Milano): Silvana (1990). –533 p.: ill.; 28 cm (11 in).
Milano capitale dell'Impero romano: 286–402 d.c. — album storico archeologico. – Milano: Cariplo: ET, 1991.—111 p.: ill; 47 cm (19 in). (Pubbl. in occasione della Mostra tenuta a Milano nel) 1990.
Torri, Monica (23 January 2007). Milan & The Lakes. DK Publishing (Dorling Kindersley). ISBN 978-0-7566-2443-9. Retrieved 10 March 2010.
Welch, Evelyn S (1995). Art and authority in Renaissance Milan. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut. ISBN 978-0-300-06351-6. Retrieved 10 March 2010.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Milan.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Milan.
Wikisource has the text of the 1920 Encyclopedia Americana article Milan.
City of Milan
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Rete Metropolitana di Milano (in Italian)
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Corsico
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Cusago
Cusano Milanino
Dairago
Dresano
Gaggiano
Garbagnate Milanese
Gessate
Gorgonzola
Grezzago
Gudo Visconti
Inveruno
Inzago
Lacchiarella
Lainate
Legnano
Liscate
Locate di Triulzi
Magenta
Magnago
Marcallo con Casone
Masate
Mediglia
Melegnano
Melzo
Mesero
Milan
Morimondo
Motta Visconti
Nerviano
Nosate
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Noviglio
Opera
Ossona
Ozzero
Paderno Dugnano
Pantigliate
Parabiago
Paullo
Pero
Peschiera Borromeo
Pessano con Bornago
Pieve Emanuele
Pioltello
Pogliano Milanese
Pozzo d'Adda
Pozzuolo Martesana
Pregnana Milanese
Rescaldina
Rho
Robecchetto con Induno
Robecco sul Naviglio
Rodano
Rosate
Rozzano
San Colombano al Lambro
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San Vittore Olona
San Zenone al Lambro
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Sedriano
Segrate
Senago
Sesto San Giovanni
Settala
Settimo Milanese
Solaro
Trezzano Rosa
Trezzano sul Naviglio
Trezzo sull'Adda
Tribiano
Truccazzano
Turbigo
Vanzaghello
Vanzago
Vaprio d'Adda
Vermezzo
Vernate
Vignate
Villa Cortese
Vimodrone
Vittuone
Vizzolo Predabissi
Zelo Surrigone
Zibido San Giacomo
[show]
v
t
e
European Capitals of Sport
2001 Madrid
2002 Stockholm
2003 Glasgow
2004 Alicante
2005 Rotterdam
2006 Copenhagen
2007 Stuttgart
2008 Warsaw
2009 Milan
2010 Dublin
2011 Valencia
2012 Istanbul
2013 Antwerp
2014 Cardiff
2015 Turin
2016 Prague
2017 Marseille
2018 Sofia
2019 Budapest
2020 Málaga
[show]
v
t
e
Cities in Italy by population
1,000,000+
Rome
Milan
500,000+
Naples
Turin
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Genoa
200,000+
Bari
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100,000+
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Udine
Vicenza
[show]
v
t
e
Tourism in Milan
Religious sites
Cathedral
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Chiaravalle Abbey
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Mirasole Abbey
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Armani/Silos
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Palazzo Anguissola
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Museo del Risorgimento
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Contemporary Art Pavilion
Pinacoteca di Brera
Sforza Castle
Antique Furniture & Wooden Sculpture Museum
Applied Arts Collection
Archaeological Museum
Egyptian Museum
Museum of Musical Instruments
Museo d'Arte Antica
Pinacoteca
Villas and palaces
Casa Campanini
Casa degli Omenoni
Casa di Riposo per Musicisti
Casa Manzoni
Casa Panigarola
Castello Cova
Palazzo dell'Arengario
Palazzo della Banca Commerciale Italiana
Palazzo Belgioioso
Palazzo Borromeo
Palazzo Carminati
Palazzo Castiglioni
Palazzo dei Giureconsulti
Palazzo Mezzanotte
Palazzo della Ragione
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Royal Palace of Milan
Villa Belgiojoso Bonaparte
Libraries
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Events and traditions
EICMA
Expo 2015
Milan Fashion Week
Milan Furniture Fair
Milan International (1906)
Oh bej! Oh bej!
Triennale
Districts of Milan
Trams in Milan
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 157818740
LCCN: n80060867
GND: 4037100-1
SUDOC: 026392763
BNF: cb11864886n (data)
HDS: 6598
NDL: 00629314
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Milan&oldid=803913568"
Categories:
Cities and towns in Lombardy
Communes of the Province of Milan
Tourist attractions in Milan
Milan
1st-millennium BC establishments in Italy
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Milano (disambiguation)

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Castello Sforzesco

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Arch of Peace

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Maria Theresa of Austria

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Milano Centrale

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Giò Ponti

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Isozaki Arata

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House of Visconti (Milan)

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Futurist Manifesto

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Modern Art Gallery (Milan)

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Prada Foundation

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Leonardo Da Vinci

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Milanese literature

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Radio Deejay

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/wiki/Template:Province_of_Milan
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Template:Province of Milan

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/wiki/Template_talk:Province_of_Milan
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Template talk:Province of Milan

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/wiki/Basilica_di_Santa_Tecla
mw-redirect
Basilica di Santa Tecla

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/wiki/San_Sepolcro,_Milan
mw-redirect
San Sepolcro, Milan

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/wiki/Bagatti_Valsecchi_Museum,_Milan
mw-redirect
Bagatti Valsecchi Museum, Milan

values:
/wiki/Galleria_d%27Arte_Moderna_(Milan)
mw-redirect
Galleria d'Arte Moderna (Milan)

values: Museo della Scienza e della Tecnologia "Leonardo da Vinci"

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/wiki/Museo_Diocesano_(Milan)
mw-redirect
Museo Diocesano (Milan)

values: Antique Furniture & Wooden Sculpture Museum (Milan)

values: Palazzo della Banca Commerciale Italiana

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external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/157818740

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external text
http://d-nb.info/gnd/4037100-1

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external text
https://www.idref.fr/026392763

values: Category:Communes of the Province of Milan

values: Category:1st-millennium BC establishments in Italy

values: Category:Populated places established in the 1st millennium BC

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values: wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle

values:
https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milaan
Milaan – Afrikaans
af
af
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mailand
Mailand – Alemannisch
als
als
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megelan
Megelan – Old English
ang
ang
interlanguage-link-target

values: ميلانو – Arabic

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values:
https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Milan – Arpitan
frp
frp
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Aymara
ay
ay
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Milan – Azerbaijani
az
az
interlanguage-link-target

values: মিলান – Bangla

values: Мілян – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values:
https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Milan – Central Bikol
bcl
bcl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mailand
Mailand – Bavarian
bar
bar
interlanguage-link-target

values: མི་ལཱན། – Tibetan

values:
https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Bosnian
bs
bs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Breton
br
br
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mil%C3%A0
Milà – Catalan
ca
ca
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Milan – Shona
sn
sn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milanu
Milanu – Corsican
co
co
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Milan – Welsh
cy
cy
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Danish
da
da
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mailand
Mailand – German
de
de
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Estonian
et
et
interlanguage-link-target

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values:
https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Esperanto
eo
eo
interlanguage-link-target

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values:
https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Milan – Basque
eu
eu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Faroese
fo
fo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Milan – French
fr
fr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milaan
Milaan – Western Frisian
fy
fy
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Milan – Friulian
fur
fur
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Irish
ga
ga
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Milan – Gagauz
gag
gag
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Scottish Gaelic
gd
gd
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Hakka Chinese
hak
hak
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Hausa
ha
ha
interlanguage-link-target

values: मिलानो – Hindi

values:
https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mailand
Mailand – Upper Sorbian
hsb
hsb
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Croatian
hr
hr
interlanguage-link-target

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values:
https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Ido
io
io
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Milan – Indonesian
id
id
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Interlingua
ia
ia
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Interlingue
ie
ie
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

values: מילאנו – Hebrew

values:
https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Javanese
jv
jv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Milan – Pampanga
pam
pam
interlanguage-link-target

values: Милан – Kazakh

values:
https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Cornish
kw
kw
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Swahili
sw
sw
interlanguage-link-target

values: Милан – Komi

values:
https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Milan – Haitian Creole
ht
ht
interlanguage-link-target

values: Милан – Kyrgyz

values:
https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Ladino
lad
lad
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mailand
Mailand – Luxembourgish
lb
lb
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milanas
Milanas – Lithuanian
lt
lt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Milan – Ligurian
lij
lij
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milaan
Milaan – Limburgish
li
li
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Milan – Lombard
lmo
lmo
interlanguage-link-target

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https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Milan – Malay
ms
ms
interlanguage-link-target

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values:
https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Milan – Fijian
fj
fj
interlanguage-link-target

values: मिलान – Newari

values:
https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Neapolitan
nap
nap
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Norwegian
no
no
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Norwegian Nynorsk
nn
nn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Novial
nov
nov
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Milan – Occitan
oc
oc
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Papiamento
pap
pap
interlanguage-link-target

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values:
https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Milan – Picard
pcd
pcd
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Milan – Piedmontese
pms
pms
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediolan
Mediolan – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Milan – Kara-Kalpak
kaa
kaa
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Romanian
ro
ro
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milaun
Milaun – Romansh
rm
rm
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Quechua
qu
qu
interlanguage-link-target

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values:
https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milanu
Milanu – Sardinian
sc
sc
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Milan – Scots
sco
sco
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Albanian
sq
sq
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milanu
Milanu – Sicilian
scn
scn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Milan – Simple English
simple
simple
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Slovenian
sl
sl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Silesian
szl
szl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Milan – Somali
so
so
interlanguage-link-target

values: Милано – Serbian

values:
https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Serbo-Croatian
sh
sh
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Finnish
fi
fi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Swedish
sv
sv
interlanguage-link-target

values: மிலன் – Tamil

values:
https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Kabyle
kab
kab
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Milan – Tatar
tt
tt
interlanguage-link-target

values: మిలన్ – Telugu

values:
https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Tetum
tet
tet
interlanguage-link-target

values: มิลาน – Thai

values: Милан – Tajik

values:
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Turkish
tr
tr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Twi
tw
tw
interlanguage-link-target

values: میلان – Urdu

values:
https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Milan – Uyghur
ug
ug
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Milan – Veps
vep
vep
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Vietnamese
vi
vi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano
Milano – Volapük
vo
vo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milaan
Milaan – West Flemish
vls
vls
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Milan – Waray
war
war
interlanguage-link-target

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