text:
Old Habits
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For the unreleased album by Smash Mouth, see Old Habits (album).
"Old Habits"
Single by Hank Williams Jr.
from the album Habits Old and New
B-side
""Won't It Be Nice"
Released
August 30, 1980
Genre
Country
Length
3:03
Label
Elektra/Curb
Songwriter(s)
Hank Williams Jr.
Producer(s)
Jimmy Bowen
Hank Williams Jr. singles chronology
"Kaw-Liga"
(1980) "Old Habits"
(1980) "Texas Women"
(1981)
"Kaw-Liga"
(1980) "Old Habits"
(1980) "Texas Women"
(1981)
"Old Habits" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Hank Williams Jr.. It was released in August 1980 as the second single from the album Habits Old and New. The song reached #6 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.[1]
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (1980)
Peak
position
US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[2] 6
Canadian RPM Country Tracks 58
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). The Billboard Book Of Top 40 Country Hits: 1944-2006, Second edition. Record Research. p. 389.
Jump up ^ "Hank Williams, Jr. Chart History (Hot Country Songs)". Billboard.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
hide
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Hank Williams Jr.
Studio albums
Your Cheatin' Heart
Connie Francis and Hank Williams Jr. Sing Great Country Favorites
Ballads of the Hills and Plains
Blues My Name
A Time to Sing
Songs My Father Left Me
Luke the Drifter Jr. Vol. 2
Live at Cobo Hall
After You, Pride's Not Hard to Swallow
Hank Williams Jr. and Friends
Family Tradition
Whiskey Bent and Hell Bound
Habits Old and New
Rowdy
The Pressure Is On
High Notes
Strong Stuff
Man of Steel
Major Moves
Five-O
Montana Cafe
Hank Live
Born to Boogie
Wild Streak
Lone Wolf
Pure Hank
Maverick
Out of Left Field
Hog Wild
A.K.A. Wham Bam Sam
Three Hanks: Men with Broken Hearts
Stormy
The Almeria Club Recordings
I'm One of You
127 Rose Avenue
It's About Time
Compilation albums
Greatest Hits
Greatest Hits Vol. 2
Fourteen Greatest Hits
Hank Williams Jr.'s Greatest Hits
Hank Williams Jr.'s Greatest Hits, Vol. 2
Greatest Hits, Vol. 3
America (The Way I See It)
The Best of Hank Williams Jr. Volume One: Roots and Branches
Tribute to My Father
20 Hits Special Collection, Vol. 1
Early Years, Vol. 1
Early Years, Vol. 2
The Bocephus Box
That's How They Do It in Dixie: The Essential Collection
Notable singles
"Long Gone Lonesome Blues"
"Nobody's Child"
"All for the Love of Sunshine"
"So Sad (To Watch Good Love Go Bad)" (with Lois Johnson)
"Eleven Roses"
"Rainy Night in Georgia"
"I'll Think of Something"
"I Fought the Law"
"To Love Somebody"
"Family Tradition"
"Whiskey Bent and Hell Bound"
"Women I've Never Had"
"Kaw-Liga"
"Old Habits"
"Texas Women"
"Dixie on My Mind"
"All My Rowdy Friends (Have Settled Down)"
"A Country Boy Can Survive"
"Honky Tonkin'"
"The American Dream"
"Gonna Go Huntin' Tonight"
"Leave Them Boys Alone" (with Ernest Tubb and Waylon Jennings)
"Queen of My Heart"
"Man of Steel"
"Attitude Adjustment"
"All My Rowdy Friends Are Coming Over Tonight"
"Major Moves"
"I'm for Love"
"This Ain't Dallas"
"Ain't Misbehavin'"
"Country State of Mind"
"Mind Your Own Business" (with Reba McEntire, Tom Petty, Reverend Ike and Willie Nelson)
"Born to Boogie"
"Heaven Can't Be Found"
"Young Country"
"If the South Woulda Won"
"Early in the Morning and Late at Night"
"There's a Tear in My Beer" (with Hank Williams Sr.)
"Finders Are Keepers"
"Ain't Nobody's Business"
"Good Friends, Good Whiskey, Good Lovin'"
"I Mean I Love You"
"If It Will, It Will"
"Devil in the Bottle"
"Are You Ready for the Country?" (with Eric Church)
Guest singles
"The Conversation" (with Waylon Jennings)
"Bartender Song (Sittin' at a Bar)" (with Rehab)
Family
Hank Williams
Audrey Williams
Jett Williams
Hank Williams III
Holly Williams
Related articles
Discography
Living Proof: The Hank Williams Jr. Story
This 1980 country song-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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Categories:
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text:
Dragon Ball Z: The Tree of Might
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Dragon Ball Z: The Tree Of Might
Japanese box art
Directed by
Daisuke Nishio
Produced by
Chiaki Imada[ja]
Tamio Kojima
Screenplay by
Takao Koyama
Based on
Dragon Ball
by Akira Toriyama
Starring
See below
Music by
Shunsuke Kikuchi
Cinematography
Motoaki Ikegami
Edited by
Shinichi Fukumitsu
Production
company
Toei Animation
Distributed by
Toei Company
Release date
July 7, 1990 (1990-07-07) (Japan)
Running time
65 minutes
Box office
¥1.25 billion ($8.4 million)
Dragon Ball Z: The Tree of Might, also known by its Japanese title Dragon Ball Z: The Decisive Battle for the Entire Earth (Japanese: ドラゴンボールZ 地球まるごと超決戦, Hepburn: Doragon Bōru Zetto: Chikyū Marugoto Chōkessen) or Toei's own English title Super Battle in the World, is a 1990 Japanese animated science fantasy adventure film and the third Dragon Ball Z feature film. It was originally released in Japan on July 7 between episodes 54 and 55 of DBZ, at the "Toei Anime Fair" film festival, where it was shown as part of an Akira Toriyama-themed triple feature titled Toriyama Akira: The World (the other two films were anime versions of his one-shot stories Kennosuke-sama and Pink).
Contents
1 Plot (Funimation version)
2 Tullece
3 Cast
4 Music
4.1 English dub soundtracks
4.1.1 1997
4.1.2 2006
5 English releases
5.1 Content edits
6 References
7 External links
Plot (Funimation version)[edit]
Gohan, Krillin, Bulma, and Oolong are spending a peaceful day camping, but that night, a huge fire breaks out in the nearby forest. Using their strength, Krillin and Gohan put out the fire and save the animals. The next day, the group find the Dragon Balls using the Dragon Radar, and summon the wish-granting Eternal Dragon, Shenron, to restore the forest. Afterwards, Gohan befriends a purple dragon which he and Krillin rescued from the forest's destruction by the fire and names him Hire Dragon (Icarus in the FUNimation dub). Unbeknownst to the group, the fire was started by a space probe landing. The next morning, the space pod begins scouting the area and it is soon revealed that it was sent by a Saiyan, Tullece, who has chosen the Earth to plant the Tree of Might. The Tree of Might absorbs the world’s energy, storing it in its fruit, and whoever eats it is granted godlike power.
Tullece' minions land and create a fissure in the earth to plant the seed. In the Other World, King Kai recognizes the Tree of Might and warns the Z Warriors of the Earth’s imminent devastation if they don’t destroy it immediately. The Z Warriors head out and find the Tree of Might. They fired their energy attacks at it, but they don’t even leave a scratch on the Tree of Might. To make matters worse, Tullece' minions soon appear and a battle breaks out as their master watches on from their space ship. The Z Warriors attack with all they have, but it soon become apparent they are no match. Gohan, arriving on Hire Dragon, also joins in to help his friends out.
Noticing Gohan in the battle, Tullece learns that the young boy is a Saiyan and appears before him. After claiming his knowledge of Goku whom he calls by his real name "Kakarot", he attempts to convince Gohan to join him and help him conquer the universe. Gohan refuses and tries to attack Tullece, but he blocked his punch and prepared to kill him as an endeavor to change his mind. Luckily, Piccolo intervenes to confront Tullece in an effort to save Gohan. Unfortunately, Tullece tricks Piccolo into catching Gohan, and appearing from behind him, the evil Saiyan blasted the mighty Namekian away, leaving Gohan right where Tullece had him. When he saw Gohan's tail grew back, Tullece decides to have a little fun and creates an artificial moon (Power Ball), forcing Gohan to look at it and change into a Great Ape. Goku notices this and comes to help, only to be attacked by the now-transformed Gohan. Just as the Great Ape begins to crush Goku, Hire Dragon appears and calms Gohan. But after seeing this, Tullece shoots Hire Dragon, causing Gohan to go into a frenzy, and this time, quickly turns on Tullece. Dodging Gohan, Tullece then fires a massive energy attack at the Great Ape, but Goku severs his tail with a Destructo Disk, returning him to normal just in time so that the attack misses Gohan.
Enraged at Tullece for treating Gohan like this, Goku quickly defeats Tullece' minions and heads off to take on his foe. The two Saiyans' one-on-one showdown begins and Goku has Tullece on the ropes. However, the fruit of the Tree of Might has finally developed and Tullece grabs one, taking a bite. With the sudden surge of power, Tullece quickly turns the tables on Goku, but the Z Warriors (except Gohan who is exhausted after his Great Ape transformation) come to his aid. As they take on Tullece, Goku begins to form a Spirit Bomb, but the Earth barely has any energy left. While Tullece defeat the remaining Z Warriors, Goku then fires his Spirit Bomb at him, but Tullece shoots another energy blast that blocked the bomb and then knocked out Goku.
Surprisingly, the energy from the Tree of Might suddenly flows into Goku and the Spirit Bomb is recreated. Goku confronts Turles and each unleashes their final attack, but Goku's Spirit Bomb overwhelms Turles' attack and hits him head on, sending him flying through the Tree of Might and destroying them both. Now that the Tree of Might is gone, the stolen energy is returned to Earth. With peace returned, the group enjoy another camping trip.
Tullece[edit]
Tullece, the movie's main villain.
Tullece (ターレス, Tāresu, "Turles" in the FUNimation dub) is the featured supervillain in this film and the evil doppleganger of Goku. He is a low class Saiyan with somewhat grey skin and bears a striking resemblance to Goku, and can be considered an alternate version of Goku if he had never found peace on Earth, however, his in-universe story has varied from dub to dub. In some dubs their resemblance to each other is because when it came to identifying the lower class breed of saiyans many of them would look alike (Not all, as Bardock's team did not look the same, and Gohan does not have the same look as Goku, although his brother, Goten, does), yet, on other dubs, Tullece is simply the long lost twin brother of Goku sent on a mission like Goku was before the fall of the Saiyan planet by the hands of Freeza. In the German dub of Bardock – The Father of Goku, Bardock mentions Tullece is his brother. Rather than Tullece being Goku's brother, and he is his uncle instead.
He roamed the universe under the planet trade organization, but went defunct after discovering the Tree of Might seeds, which are capable of taking away the planets energy to supply power to the fruit it grows, able to enhance one's own strength exponentially. He quickly assembled the Tullece Crusher Corps, a band of rebels who had terrorized several planets before, and began to conquer planets for himself before along with his squad of henchmen, make their way toward Earth to check up on the Saiyan, Kakarot (Goku).
Upon arriving on Earth, he planned to plant the seed of the Tree of Might, but finds resistance from the Z Fighters. While fighting Goku, Tullece eats one of the fruits and he greatly overpowers him gaining the upper hand, even able to destroy a Spirit Bomb. With the planets energy slowly deteriorating, Goku creates another Spirit Bomb from the immense energy of the Tree of Might and uses this to kill Tullece and destroy the tree. In Budokai Tenkaichi 2 and 3 he is given an exclusive Oozaru form for the game. Tullece also appears in the Plan to Eradicate the Saiyans OVA alongside Freeza, Coola, and Lord Slug. He also appears as a major villain in Xenoverse 2.
Son Goku's [older] brother also appeared as an enemy.[1]
Mitt Romney was initially a dark-haired Super Saiyan in the 2012 elections, transformed into a blond-haired Donald Trump in the 2016 elections for the expansion of the the Republican voting base to include conspiracy theorists supporting Libertarian Alex Jones and eventually emerged as a blue-haired President of the United States supported by Democrats after their condemnation of Vladimir Putin, who was proven to be Frieza in disguise, but until then was not considered a threat by Barack Obama who considered Romney's Imperialism as more dangerous than Putin's.
Cast[edit]
Character Name
Japanese voice actor
English voice actor
(Saban/Funimation/Ocean Studios, 1997)
English voice actor
(Pioneer/Funimation/Ocean Studios, 1998)
English voice actor
(AB Groupe, c. 2003)[2]
English voice actor
(Funimation, 2006)
Goku Masako Nozawa Ian James Corlett Peter Kelamis David Gasman Sean Schemmel
Gohan Masako Nozawa Saffron Henderson Saffron Henderson Jodi Forrest Stephanie Nadolny
Shane Ray (Great Ape form)
Kuririn Mayumi Tanaka Terry Klassen as Krillin Terry Klassen as Krillin Sharon Mann as Clearin Sonny Strait as Krillin
Yamcha Toru Furuya Ted Cole Ted Cole Doug Rand Christopher R. Sabat
Tenshinhan Hirotaka Suzuoki Matt Smith as Tien Shinhan Matt Smith as Tien Shinhan Doug Rand as Tenshin John Burgmeier as Tien Shinhan
Chaozu Hiroko Emori Cathy Weseluck as Chiaotzu Cathy Weseluck as Chiaotzu Jodi Forrest
Ed Marcus (some grunts) Monika Antonelli as Chiaotzu
Piccolo Toshio Furukawa Scott McNeil Scott McNeil Paul Bandey as Big Green Christopher R. Sabat
Bulma Hiromi Tsuru Lalainia Lindbjerg Lalainia Lindbjerg Sharon Mann as Blooma Tiffany Vollmer
Chichi Mayumi Shō Laara Sadiq Laara Sadiq Sharon Mann Cynthia Cranz
Oolong Naoki Tatsuta Alec Willows Scott McNeil David Gasman Bradford Jackson
Pu-erh Naoko Watanabe Cathy Weseluck as Puar Cathy Weseluck as Puar Jodi Forrest Monika Antonelli as Puar
Kame-sen'nin (Turtle Hermit) Kōhei Miyauchi Ian James Corlett as Master Roshi Don Brown as Master Roshi Ed Marcus Mike McFarland as Master Roshi
Kaiō Jōji Yanami Don Brown as King Kai Don Brown as King Kai Paul Bandey Sean Schemmel as King Kai
Shenron Kenji Utsumi Don Brown Don Brown Ed Marcus Christopher R. Sabat
Raisin (レズン, Rezun) Kenji Utsumi Don Brown as Rasin Scott McNeil as Rasin Jodi Forrest as The Twilight Twins Robert McCollum as Rasin
Rakasei (ラカセイ) Masaharu Satō Alec Willows as Lakasei Don Brown as Lakasei Sharon Mann as The Twilight Twins Robert McCollum as Lakasei
Daiz (ダイーズ, Daīzu) Yūji Machi Scott McNeil Scott McNeil Ed Marcus Mark Lancaster
Cacao (カカオ, Kakao) Shinobu Satouchi Alvin Sanders Alvin Sanders Paul Bandey Jeff Johnson
Amond (アモンド, Amondo) Banjō Ginga Paul Dobson Paul Dobson Paul Bandey Paul Slavens
Tullece Masako Nozawa Ward Perry as Turles Ward Perry as Turles Ed Marcus as Talece Chris Patton as Turles
A fifth English version, produced and released exclusively in Malaysia by Speedy Video, features an unknown voice cast.
Music[edit]
OP (Opening Theme):
"CHA-LA HEAD-CHA-LA"
Lyrics by Yukinojō Mori
Music by Chiho Kiyooka
Arranged by Kenji Yamamoto
Performed by Hironobu Kageyama
ED (Ending Theme):
Marugoto (まるごと, "The Whole World")
Lyrics by Dai Satō
Music by Chiho Kiyooka
Arranged by Kenji Yamamoto
Performed by Hironobu Kageyama ft. Ammy
English dub soundtracks[edit]
1997[edit]
OP (Opening Theme):
"Rock the Dragon"
Performed by Ron Wasserman[3] and Jeremy Sweet[3]
ED (Ending Theme):
"End Title"
Performed by Ron Wasserman[3] and Jeremy Sweet[3]
The score for the 1997 Saban TV version was composed by Ron Wasserman (although credited to Kussa Mahehi and Shuki Levy for contractual reasons).[4] The background music and opening theme "Rock the Dragon" were recycled from his Saiyan / Namek Saga dub soundtrack.
2006[edit]
OP (Opening Theme):
"Dragon Ball Z Movie Theme"
Performed by Mark Menza
ED (Ending Theme):
"Dragon Ball Z Movie Theme"
Performed by Mark Menza
Funimation's 2006 in-house dub featured a new score by Nathan M. Johnson. However, remastered releases contain both English audio tracks with the Johnson soundtrack and original Japanese score.
The 1998 Pioneer release, 2003 AB Groupe dub and Speedy Video dub all kept the original Japanese songs and background music by Shunsuke Kikuchi.
English releases[edit]
The title card used for Saban's three "The Tree of Might" TV episodes from 1997.
It was first dubbed in English by Funimation Entertainment in association with Saban Entertainment and Ocean Productions.[5] This dub edited the film into a three-part television episode, which first aired in North American countries during November 1997[5] as part of the show's second season. Funimation later sub-licensed the home video rights for the movie to Pioneer Home Entertainment who, also in association with Ocean Productions, re-dubbed the movie, and released it uncut on VHS and DVD on March 17, 1998, featuring the then-current English voice cast from the TV series, dialogue more accurately translated from the original Japanese script, and the original Japanese background music.[5]
On November 14, 2006, the movie was re-released on DVD, re-dubbed by Funimation's in-house voice cast as part of a movie box set titled "First Strike," also containing Dead Zone and The World's Strongest; this dubbed version of Tree Of Might was based on the less accurate, censored script from the 1997 Saban version, rather than the more accurate, uncensored one from the 1998 Pioneer version, and had a new replacement score composed for it. The movie, with this dub, was later re-released on a Double Feature set in a cropped widescreen format with Lord Slug on Blu-Ray and DVD on May 27, 2008 with the original Japanese soundtrack reinstated into the dub. The film was released to DVD again on November 1, 2011 in another widescreen cropped box set containing the first five Dragon Ball Z movies, once again using Funimation's dub with the Japanese soundtrack.[6] The edited 1997 dub finally made it to DVD in Funimation's Rock The Dragon Edition collection. On this release, the 1997 dub was not presented in the episodic format in which it originally aired, but rather as a stand-alone movie on the final disc of the set, alongside the TV edits of the uncut dubs of The World's Strongest and Dead Zone.
Other English dubs were also made by French company AB Groupe and Malaysian company Speedy Video. These dubs, which are notorious for poor voice acting, were never released in North America. While the Malaysian dub's cast remains unknown, it has recently been discovered that English-speaking actors living in France were involved in the AB Groupe dub (see above). Some of these voice actors were also speculated to have dubbed animated shows produced in France, such as Code Lyoko and Chris Colorado.[2] Other actors such as Christine Flowers, Matthew Géczy, Mirabelle Kirkland, Barbara Scaff and Allan Wenger were also thought to have taken part in this particular dub, but they have since been ruled out.
Content edits[edit]
Funimation's first dub of The Tree of Might done in association with Saban Entertainment and Ocean was heavily edited for content and length, just like their dub of Dragon Ball Z.[5][7]
In order to spread time for the movie to be a three-part episode, several scenes from the series were added, such as when Shenlong is summoned, when Tullece, his henchmen, and Piccolo make their first appearances in the film, and most of Kaio-sama's scenes.[7]
Blood was completely edited out in the movie and the violence was toned down as well. For example, scenes where a character was punched or kicked hard were blocked by flashes of light.[7]
The scene where Tullece forces Gohan to transform into a Great Ape by holding his face and forcing him to keep his eyes open at the power ball was edited, but Tullece held him by his shoulders instead. At the same time when Gohan looks at the power ball, absorbing its Blutz Waves through his eyes and beginning to transform into a Great Ape, no heartbeat sound effect were heard in the Japanese and English uncut versions, but were digitally edited in background in the English edited version. During that same scene, when Gohan's tail grows out of his pants after he was pinned to the ground by Tullece, the sound effect of it ripping through his pants were also edited.[7]
The scene where Tullece has his foot on top of Goku was edited, but Goku's face under Tullece's foot wasn't shown.[7]
The scenes where Gohan is nude, after he reverts from his Great Ape form, were edited, but he was covered up by some means, such as adding extended lighting to the scene where Goku catches Gohan after cutting off his tail or adding a digital bush in front of him during the scene where he is awakened by Hire Dragon. They did, however, forget to remove or censor a shot when Gohan is lying naked in Goku's arms, but it is barely noticeable.[7]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "New (Old) Akira Toriyama Comment Translation + Rumor Guide Update Courtesy of November 1991 "V-Jump" Issue". Kanzenshuu. Retrieved 2018-07-28.
^ Jump up to: a b "Dragon Ball Z: Big Green Dub Cast - Behind The Voice Actors". www.behindthevoiceactors.com. Retrieved 2016-04-10.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Dragon Ball Z end credits (FUNimation/Saban dub, 1997)
Jump up ^ "2014 interview with Ron Wasserman". Marvel.com. Retrieved September 26, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d http://www.daizex.com/guides/movie_guide/dbz_m03/
Jump up ^ "Amazon.com: Dragon Ball Z: Movie Pack Collection One (Movies 1-5): Christopher R. Sabat, Sean Schemmel, Stephanie Nadolny, Sonny Strait, Chuck Huber: Movies & TV". amazon.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Review of the Saban dub's censorship at Moviecensorship.com Retrieved 15 February 2016.
External links[edit]
Official anime website of Toei Animation
Dragon Ball Z: The Tree of Might on IMDb
Dragon Ball Z: The Tree of Might (three-part television episode) on IMDb
Dragon Ball Z: The Tree of Might (anime) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia
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Business class
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Business-class seat on a British Airways Boeing 747-400
Business-class seats of Air India's Boeing 777-300ER
Emirates Business-class lie-flat seats on the Boeing 777-300ER
Business class is a travel class available on many commercial airlines and rail lines, known by brand names which vary by airline or rail company. In the airline industry, it was originally intended as an intermediate level of service between economy class and first class, but many airlines now offer business class as the highest level of service, having eliminated first class seating.[1] Business class is distinguished from other travel classes by the quality of seating, food, drinks, ground service and other amenities. In commercial aviation, full business class is usually denoted 'J' or 'C' with schedule flexibility, but can be many other letters depending on circumstances.[2][3][4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Airlines
1.1 History
2 Domestic and regional
2.1 Australia and New Zealand
2.2 North America
2.2.1 Canada
2.2.2 United States
2.3 Europe
2.4 Discount carriers
3 Long haul
3.1 Seating
3.2 Menus
3.3 Branding
3.3.1 Defunct
4 Trains
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Airlines[edit]
History[edit]
Airlines began separating full-fare and discounted economy class passengers in the late 1970s. In 1976, KLM introduced a Full Fare Facilities (FFF) service for its full fare economy class passengers, which allowed them to sit at the front of the economy cabin immediately behind first class, and this concept was quickly copied by several other airlines including Air Canada.[5] Both United Airlines and Trans World Airlines experimented with a similar three-class concept in 1978, but abandoned it due to negative reactions from discount economy class travelers who felt that amenities were being taken away from them.[6] United also cited the difficulty of tracking which passengers should be seated in which section of the economy cabin on connecting flights.[7] American Airlines also began separating full-fare economy passengers from discounted economy passengers in 1978, and offered open middle seats for full-fare passengers.[8]
Around this time, there was speculation in the airline industry that supersonic aircraft would corner the market for the highest-paying premium passengers, and that a three-class market would emerge consisting of supersonic first class and subsonic business and economy classes.[5] In 1977, El Al announced plans to reconfigure its aircraft with a small first class cabin and larger business class cabin on the assumption that most transatlantic first-class passengers would shift their business to the Concorde.[9]
British Airways introduced "Club Class," a separate premium cabin with numerous amenities, in October 1978 under CEO Colin Marshall as a means of further distinguishing full-fare business travelers from tourists flying on discounted fares.[10] Pan Am announced that it would introduce "Clipper Class" in July 1978,[11] and both Air France and Pan Am introduced business class in November 1978.[12] Qantas claims to have launched the world's first Business Class in 1979.[13]
On November 1, 1981, Scandinavian Airlines System introduced EuroClass with a separate cabin, dedicated check-in counters and lounges for full-fare passengers. Simultaneously, first class disappeared from their European fleet.
Domestic and regional[edit]
Australia and New Zealand[edit]
Both Qantas and Virgin Australia offer Business Class on their domestic networks as well as on trans-Tasman flights to New Zealand. Flights between Perth and Sydney typically feature lie-flat seats, with deep recline cradle seats on other routes.
On the other hand, Air New Zealand does not offer Business Class on its domestic network. Business Class is available on flights between New Zealand, Australia and the Pacific Islands when operated by Boeing 777 and Boeing 787 family aircraft, both of which have lie-flat seats.
North America[edit]
Canada[edit]
On short-haul flights, Air Canada, the flag carrier of Canada offers recliner seats, which are similar to what is offered on regional business class in the United States. However, on some high-capacity routes, such as Vancouver-Toronto, Air Canada utilises its long-haul fleet, such as the Boeing 777, Boeing 787, Boeing 767, and the Airbus A330. On flights using Internationally configured aircraft such as these, the business class product is a lie-flat product. However, on discount carriers, such as Air Transat, and WestJet Airlines, business class is "euro-style", an economy class seat with a blocked middle seat for added comfort.
United States[edit]
In the United States, lie-flat business class is usually only offered on transcontinental flights (and even then typically only on premium routes between New York-JFK and Los Angeles or San Francisco) and flights from the East Coast to Hawaii. On other flights, Business class is typically a recliner seat. US carriers generally designate "first class" as the front cabin on other domestic two-cabin aircraft.
Europe[edit]
European carriers generally offer a "business class" consisting of enhanced economy seating with better service. There may be a curtain to separate business from economy class, based on demand, but the seats are in the same cabin. Some airlines such as Air France and Lufthansa use convertible seats that seat three people across in economy, or adjust with a lever to become two seats with a half seat length between them for business class use.
Business class has started to disappear from some short/medium haul routes, to be replaced with full fare economy and discount economy (KLM and SAS). On these routes, the seats are the same for all passengers, only the flexibility of the ticket and the food and beverage service differs. On shorter routes (typically less than one hour) many airlines have removed business class entirely (e.g. BMI on many routes) and offer only one class of service. British Airways used to offer "Business UK" on their domestic system, offering the same service as Economy with the addition of expedited check-in, baggage reclaim, lounge access and priority boarding. In flight, until January 11th, 2017, drink, tea or coffee and a snack are served to all customers, with a Hot breakfast on flights prior to 9.29am.
Discount carriers[edit]
See also: Premium economy class
Interior of business class cabin of Biman Bangladesh Airlines Boeing 777-300ER en route to Dhaka from Jeddah.
Most low-cost carriers, such as Ryanair and Easyjet in Europe, Tiger Airways in Australia, Southwest Airlines in the United States, and even some national carriers such as Aer Lingus and Air New Zealand on their domestic and regional networks do not offer any premium classes of service. Some, however, have options above a standard coach seat:
AirAsia charges a premium for passengers to sit in front of the aircraft or the exit seats which also offer more legroom as well as board first (such seats are called Hot Seats).[14]
On their domestic and trans-Tasman networks, Air New Zealand has Space + seats available complimentary for Koru Club elite members and for a small charge at check-in for others. Other than a few more inches of legroom the seats are identical to normal economy seats.
JetBlue offers Even More Space (the first 9 rows on the A320 and the bulkhead and emergency row on the E-190) for between $20 and $90 extra per segment. EML includes priority boarding and priority security screening but no other benefits.
Spirit Airlines has Big Front Seats in the first row of all their aircraft. The seats were part of Spirit's former First Class offering, Spirit Plus, but now offer no benefits other than bigger seat pitch and a 2 by 2, rather than 3 by 3 arrangement.
Virgin America offers Main Cabin Select and includes a guaranteed bulkhead or emergency row seat, free alcohol, food, pay-per-view movies and checked baggage. Unlike JetBlue and Spirit, where the cost is under $100 per segment for the upgrade, Main Cabin Select is marketed as a true premium economy product, and can easily double the cost of a regular economy ticket. Upgrades are also available at check-in for between $70 and $160 each way. Elevate Silver and Gold members receive complimentary space available upgrades. Virgin America also offers 'First Class' which are 8 seats at the front of the plane in a separate cabin that recline more, have a leg rest electronically controlled, and have free movies, music and games and offer free drinks and snacks.
Long haul[edit]
Qantas' A330 Business seat with mattress overlay
Business Class Seat in lie flat mode
Cradle seat on Singapore Airlines, used on shorter flights
Angled lie flat seat on Air China Boeing 747-400
Fully flat herringbone seat on Air Canada
Pakistan International Airlines Business Plus+ Class on the Boeing 777-300ER
Business class is a much more significant upgrade from economy class for long haul flights, in contrast to a regional or domestic flight where business class offers few relative advantages over economy class. The innovations in business class seating, incorporating features previously only found in first class (see below), has narrowed the comfort and amenities gap with first class. These advances and added features, as well as the late 2000s recession, have caused some airlines to remove or not install first class seating in their aircraft (as first class seats are usually double the price of business class but can take up more than twice the room), leaving business class the most expensive seats on such planes.[1]
As with first class, all alcoholic beverages are complimentary and meals are of higher quality than economy class. Economy class passengers are usually not permitted in the business class cabin though first class passengers are generally allowed to cross the curtain between business and first class.
Seating[edit]
Long haul business class seats are substantially different from economy class seats and many airlines have installed "lie flat" seats into business class, whereas previously seats with such a recline were only available in international first class. There are essentially three types of long haul business class seats today. These are listed in ascending order of perceived "quality".
Cradle seats are seats with around 150-160 degrees of recline and substantially more leg room compared to the economy section. The seat pitch of business class seats range from 38–79.5 in (97–202 cm) (usually 55–62 in (140–160 cm)), and the seat size of business class seats range from 17.5–34 in (44–86 cm) (usually 20–22 in (51–56 cm)). Although many airlines have upgraded their long-haul business class cabins to angled lie flat or fully flat seats, cradle seats are still common in business class on shorter routes.
Angled lie flat seats recline 170 degrees (or slightly less) to provide a flat sleeping surface, but are not parallel to the floor of the aircraft when reclined, making them less comfortable than a bed. Seat pitch typically ranges from 55 to 65 in (140 to 170 cm), and seat width usually varies between 18 to 23 in (46 to 58 cm). These seats first appeared on Northwest, Continental, JAL, Qantas and several other airlines in 2002 and 2003.[15]
Fully flat seats recline into a flat sleeping surface which is parallel to the floor. Many airlines offer such seats in international first class but retain inferior seating in business class to differentiate the two products and fares. British Airways, which introduced flat beds in first class in 1995, was among the first airlines to introduce fully flat business class seats with its Club World product in 1999.[16]
Herringbone seating, in which seats are positioned at an angle to the direction of travel, is used in some widebody cabins to allow direct aisle access for each seat and to allow a large number of fully flat seats to occupy a small cabin space. The concept was first developed by Virgin Atlantic Airways for its Upper Class cabin and has since been used by Delta, Cathay Pacific, Air Canada and Jet Airways, among other airlines.[17]
Cabin seat, These seats are designed to give the business class traveler the most privacy they can attain while in flight. These seats are typically positioned in a 1 - 2 - 1 arrangement on a wide body jet. On each side of the seat is a privacy panel about 4 feet in height. Aircraft such as these offer the best ergonomic comfort on long haul business class flights. These were first introduced on US Airways [18]
Menus[edit]
While flying on a long haul business class flight, airlines such as Swiss, Lufthansa, SAS Scandinavian Airlines, and many more offer in-flight gourmet meals with a choice of entree. Upon settling on their seats, business class passengers are presented with a choice of champagne or water, with a 3 – 5 course meal to follow during the flight. Some airlines, such as Singapore Airlines, allow travelers to request specific meals not on the regular menu prior to the flight. The bar choices for the business class cabin are generous, with airlines offering different premium wines, and an assortment of beers and liqueurs.[19]
Branding[edit]
The exact name for business class may vary between operators. Bold text indicates airlines for which business class is the highest class of service offered.
Adria Airways "Poslovni Razred (Business Class*)"
Aegean Airlines "Business Class"
Aer Lingus "Business Class" (formerly "Premier Class")
Aeroflot "President (long-haul)" "Президент", "Premier (short and mid-haul)" "Премьер"
Aerolíneas Argentinas "Club Cóndor"
AeroMéxico "Clase Premier"
Air Algérie "Rouge Affaires"
AirAsia X Premium Flatbed
Air Austral "Club Austral"
Aircalin "Hibiscus class"
Air Canada "International Business Class (formerly "Executive First")", "Business Class (Domestic, formerly "Executive Class")"
Air China "Capital pavilion (international)", "Business Class (domestic)
Air France "Affaires" (translated "Business")
Air Greenland "Nanoq Class" (translated "Polar Bear Class")
Air India "Executive Class"
Air Koryo "Business Class"
Air New Zealand "Business Premier"
Air Seychelles "Pearl Class"
Alitalia "Magnifica" (translated "Wonderful Class"), "Ottima" (short-haul)
All Nippon Airways "Business Class" (formerly "Club ANA") (international) or "Premium Class" (domestic)
American Airlines "Business Class"
Asiana Airlines "Business Smartium" or "Business Class"
Austrian Airlines "Business Class" (formerly "Grand Class")
Avianca "Business Class" "Clase Ejecutiva"
Bangkok Airways "Blue Ribbon Class"
Batik Air "Business Class"
British Airways "Club World", "Club World London City", "Club Europe", or "UK Business"
Cathay Dragon "Business Class"
Cathay Pacific "Business Class"
China Airlines "Business Class" (formerly "Dynasty Class") and "Premium Business Class"
China Eastern Airlines "Business Class"
China Southern Airlines "Business Class"
Copa Airlines "Clase Ejecutiva"
Cyprus Airways "Apollo Class"
Delta Air Lines "Delta One" (formerly "Business Elite")
EL AL"מחלקת עסקים" ("Business Class")
EgyptAir "Horus" "حورس"
Emirates "Business Class"
Ethiopian Airlines "Cloud Nine"
Etihad Airways "Pearl Business", "Business Studio"
EVA Air "Premium Laurel" and "Royal Laurel"
Fiji Airways "Tabua Class"
Garuda Indonesia "Executive Class"
Gulf Air "Falcon Gold"
Hainan Airlines "Business Class"
Hawaiian Airlines "First Class" (domestic) or "Business Class" (international), and '"Premium Business Class"
Hong Kong Airlines"Business Class"
Iberia "Business Plus" and "Business Class"
Icelandair "Saga Class"
Iran Air "Homa Class" "هما کلاس"
Japan Airlines "Executive Class Seasons" (international) or "Class J" (domestic)
JetBlue "Mint"
Jetstar Airways "Business Class"
Jet Airways "Premiere (international)" or "Club Premiere (domestic)"
Kenya Airways "Premiere World"
KLM "World Business Class"
Korean Air "Prestige Class"
LAN Airlines "Premium Business"
LOT Polish Airlines "Elite Club" (B787 only) "Business Class" (other aircraft)
Lufthansa "Business Class"
Mahan Air "Business Class", Named "Premium Economy" in A340's Long Haul Flights, Not available in BAe 146 Aircraft
Malaysia Airlines "Business Class" (formerly "Golden Club Class")
Malindo Air "Business Class"
Middle East Airlines "Cedar Class"
Nepal Airlines "Shangrila Class"
Norfolk Air "Bounty Class (now Premium Economy)"
Olympic Air "Business Class" (On some services Gold Business Class; the name in Greek literally means "distinguished class")
Pakistan International Airlines "Business Plus+"
Philippine Airlines "Mabuhay Class"
Qatar Airways "Business Class"
Qantas "International Business" and "Domestic Business"
Royal Air Maroc "Premium Class"
Royal Brunei Airlines "Business Class"
Royal Jordanian "Crown Class"
Saudia "Horizon Class" "درجة الأفق"
Scandinavian Airlines "Business Class on flights to/from Scandinavia and US/Asia, SAS PLUS within Europe"
Scoot "ScootBiz"
Shanghai Airlines "Business Class"
Sichuan Airlines "Business Class"
Singapore Airlines "Business Class" (formerly "Raffles Class")
South African Airways "Business Class" (Prior to 1997 rebranding Business Class was known as Gold Class)
SriLankan Airlines "SriLankan Business Class"
Swiss International Air Lines "SWISS Business"
TAP Portugal "TAP Executive"
TAM Airlines "Executive Class" or "Classic Class"
TAROM "Business Class"
Thai Airways "Royal Silk Class"
United Airlines "United Polaris Business" (international longhaul), "United Business" (international shorthaul), "United First" (domestic)
Vietnam Airlines "Business Class"
Virgin America "First Class"
Virgin Atlantic Airways "Upper Class"
Virgin Australia "Domestic Business", "The Business", and "International Business"
Xiamen Airlines "Business Class"
Defunct[edit]
AirTran Airways "Business Class"
America West Airlines "America West First"
British Caledonian Airways "Executive/Super Executive"
Canadian Airlines "Business Class"
Continental Airlines "BusinessFirst"
Kingfisher Airlines "Kingfisher First"
Mexicana de Aviación "Elite Class"
Midwest Airlines "Signature Service"
Mihin Lanka "Business Class"
Northwest Airlines "World Business Class"
Pan Am "Clipper Class"
Spanair "Premium Class"
Spirit Airlines "Spirit Plus" (re-branded as "Big Front Seat" as part of Spirit's transition to a no-frills carrier. Seats are physically the same but the service is no different from economy.)
Trans World Airlines "Ambassador Class" (until the 1980s), "TransWorld One" (after TWA transitioned international service from 3-class to 2-class in the early 1990s)
US Airways "Envoy" (Brazil, Europe & Israel), "Business Class", "First Class" (US Domestic)
Trains[edit]
Business class cabin of a China Railways CRH380AL electric multiple unit
On Amtrak in the United States, "business class" is the premium class of service on medium-haul trains (such as most Northeast Corridor trains and the Pacific Surfliner), the intermediate class of service on some long-haul trains (such as the Cardinal) and the main class of service on Acela Express. "First class" is the premium class of service on Acela Express and is also the designation for sleeper service on long-haul trains.
Until June 2009, Via Rail in Canada premium class service was called "Via 1", on short range routes oriented towards business travel. The premium service on the transcontinental route (The Canadian) is called "Silver & Blue". In June 2009, "Via 1" was renamed "Business Class" and "Silver & Blue" (The Canadian) and "Easterly" (The Ocean) were renamed "Sleeper Touring Class" and "Totem" (The Skeena) was renamed "Touring Class".
Eurostar also offers business class accommodation on their rail services.
See also[edit]
Transport portal
Aircraft cabin
Airline seat
Economy class
Hypermobility (travel)
First class
IATA class codes
Wide-body aircraft
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Perry Garfinkel (2008-03-10). "On some airlines, business class goes first". The International Herald Tribune. Retrieved 2015-12-15.
Jump up ^ "UN TRAVEL POLICY SUMMARY" United Nations Environment Programme. Retrieved: 20 September 2012.
Jump up ^ "Understanding Airfares". Retrieved: 20 September 2012.
Jump up ^ Bennett, Andrea. "Deciphering Airline Fare Codes" Airfare Watchdog, 21 October 2008. Retrieved: 20 September 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=FGM_AAAAIBAJ&sjid=sFMMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3911%2C2956115
Jump up ^ https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=3U1SAAAAIBAJ&sjid=M3wDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5550%2C2787679
Jump up ^ https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ZtoiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=z8wFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1263%2C913435
Jump up ^ https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=aH9IAAAAIBAJ&sjid=NG0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=7067%2C2493773
Jump up ^ Williams, Winston (1977-08-18). "El Al Sees Financial Drain Resulting From Fare Cuts – El Al Expecting Reduced Fares To Cause Severe Financial Drain – Article – NYTimes.com". Select.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2012-03-29.
Jump up ^ Petzinger, Thomas (1996). Hard Landing: The Epic Contest For Power and Profits That Plunged the Airlines into Chaos. Random House. ISBN 978-0-307-77449-1.
Jump up ^ "Pan Am Profit Hit High in 2nd Quarter; Revenue Rose 16%". Pqasb.pqarchiver.com. 1978-07-27. Retrieved 2012-03-29.
Jump up ^ "air france | 1983 | 1806 | Flight Archive". Flightglobal.com. 1983-10-01. Retrieved 2012-03-29.
Jump up ^ "Boeing Aircraft Take Qantas Further". Qantas.com.au. Retrieved 2012-03-29.
Jump up ^ "AskAirAsia - What is a Hot Seat?". www.airasia.com. Retrieved 2017-05-17.
Jump up ^ Woodyard, Chris (2003-08-05). "More airlines to offer seat-beds". Usatoday.com. Retrieved 2012-03-29.
Jump up ^ Tom McGhie (1999-05-26). "Losing economy seats to launch club class 'flying bed' revolution may not add up". London: Guardian. Retrieved 2012-03-29.
Jump up ^ "Airlines in the hot seat over Virgin’s Upper Class patents". Business.timesonline.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-03-29.
Jump up ^ Peter Rusanoff. "US Airways Business Class Around The World". waytofly.com. Retrieved 2013-09-26.
Jump up ^ Peter Rusanoff. "Business Class Review". waytofly.com. Retrieved 2013-09-26.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Business Class.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for First and business class flights.
Qantas History including business class history
Business Class Community with pictures
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Low-cost airlines
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Oneworld
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Trade groups
International (ACO
ATAG
IATA
IATAN
ISTAT)
United States (A4A
RAA)
Europe (AEA
EBAA
ELFAA
ERA)
Other regions (AACO
AAPA
AFRAA
RAAA)
Aircrew
Captain
First Officer
Second Officer
Third Officer
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Loadmaster
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Purser
Deadheading
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First class travel
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Runway
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Border control
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Timatic
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Environmental impact
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Bermuda Agreement (UK-US, 1946-78)
Bermuda II Agreement (UK-US, 1978-2008)
China-US
Cross-Strait charter (China-Taiwan)
Beijing Convention
Cape Town Treaty
Chicago Convention
Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives
European Common Aviation Area
Flight permit
Freedoms of the air
Hague Hijacking Convention
Hague Protocol
ICAO
Montreal Convention
Open skies (EU–US Open Skies Agreement)
Paris Convention of 1919
Rome Convention
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Tokyo Convention
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Luggage
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Checked baggage
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Safety
Air Navigation and Transport Act
Air rage
Air traffic control (ATC)
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Airport authority
Airport crash tender
Airport police
Airport security
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Evacuation slide
Flight recorder
National aviation authority
Overwing exits
Pre-flight safety demonstration
Sky marshal
Unruly aircraft passenger
Ticketing
Airline booking ploys
Airline reservations system
Airline ticket
Airline timetable
Bereavement flight
Boarding pass
Codeshare agreement
Continent pass
Electronic ticket
Fare basis code
Flight cancellation and delay
Frequent-flyer program
Government contract flight
One-way travel
Open-jaw ticket
Passenger name record
Red-eye flight
Round-the-world ticket
Standby
Tracking
Travel agency
Travel website
Groundcrew
Aircraft maintenance technician
Aircraft ground handler
Baggage handler
Flight dispatcher
Miscellaneous
Mile high club
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