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Bat Out of Hell The Musical
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This article is about the stage musical. For the 1977 Meat Loaf album, see Bat Out of Hell.
Bat Out of Hell
The Musical
Music
Jim Steinman
Lyrics
Jim Steinman
Book
Jim Steinman
Basis
Bat Out of Hell
Premiere
February 17, 2017: Manchester Opera House
Productions
2017 Manchester
2017 London
2017 Toronto
2018 London
2018 Oberhausen
Bat Out of Hell is a rock musical written by Jim Steinman based on the album of the same name. Steinman wrote all of the songs, most of which are songs from the Bat Out of Hell trilogy of albums by Meat Loaf including Bat Out of Hell, II: Back into Hell and III: The Monster is Loose. The musical is a loose retelling of Peter Pan and Wendy, set in post-apocalyptic Manhattan (now named "Obsidian"), and follows Strat, the forever young leader of The Lost who has fallen in love with Raven, daughter of Falco, the tyrannical ruler of Obsidian.[1]
Bat Out of Hell has book, music and lyrics by Jim Steinman, direction by Jay Scheib and choreography by Emma Portner. It is produced by David Sonenberg, Michael Cohl, Randy Lennox and Tony Smith. The show stars Andrew Polec as Strat and Christina Bennington as Raven, with Rob Fowler as Falco and Sharon Sexton as Sloane.[2]
The musical premiered at the Manchester Opera House in Manchester, England, on February 17, 2017 and ran there until April 29, 2017. It opened in London on June 5, 2017 and ran there until August 22, 2017 before moving to Toronto, Canada, from October 14, to January 7, 2018. The musical returned to London at the Dominion Theatre in April 2018. [3]
The musical was released on audio CD as an original cast recording album.
Contents
1 Productions
1.1 Manchester
1.2 London
1.3 Toronto
1.4 US Tour
1.5 Oberhausen
2 Major Characters
3 Principal cast and characters
3.1 Notable Replacements
4 Original Creative Team
5 Plot
6 Musical Numbers
6.1 Changes
7 Citations
Productions[edit]
Manchester[edit]
Bat Out of Hell began previews at the Manchester Opera House on February 17, 2017 ahead of an official opening on March 14. It closed on April 29.[4]
Dianne Bourne of the Manchester Evening News gave the show a 5-star review, calling it "a truly staggering piece of musical theatre, which breaks new boundaries in its staging, choreography and concept on an epic scale."[5] Paul Downham of North West End said, "this show has literally changed the way musicals are staged forever."[6]
London[edit]
Bat Out of Hell began previews at the London Coliseum on June 5, 2017 ahead of an official opening on June 20, 2017 and ran until August 22, 2017.[1] On its final performance, the cast announced a return to London at the Dominion Theatre in 2018.[7]
After the production completed its run in Toronto, Bat Out Of Hell's return engagement in London began previews on April 2, 2018, before opening at the Dominion Theatre on April 19, 2018. After originally being scheduled to run until July 28, 2018, the Dominion production was first extended until October 27, 2018, and subsequently extended again so that it is currently booking until January 5, 2019.[8][9]
The London Coliseum production was nominated for a 2018 Olivier Award for Best Sound Design, by Gareth Owen (sound designer).
Toronto[edit]
Bat Out of Hell made its North American premiere at the Ed Mirvish Theatre on October 14, 2017 and ran until January 7, 2018.[10][11]
US Tour[edit]
Bat Out of Hell will embark upon a US tour in October 2018, beginning with a return engagement at Toronto's Ed Mirvish Theatre from October 16, 2018 until November 4, 2018. From there, it will move to the Fox Theater in Detroit, MI from November 6, 2018 to November 17, 2018, before taking in a further 12 cities and concluding with a run at the AT&T Performing Arts Center in Dallas, Texas from June 26, 2019 until July 6, 2019. More dates are expected to be added.[12]
Oberhausen[edit]
Bat Out of Hell will make its German premiere at Oberhausen's Metronom Theater in fall 2018.
Major Characters[edit]
Strat: The forever eighteen-year-old eccentric leader of 'The Lost', a group of teenagers whose DNA froze at eighteen causing them to remain young forever. He falls in love with Falco's only teenage daughter, Raven. He and 'The Lost' live in abandoned subway tunnels below the city of Obsidian.
Raven: Falco's only daughter, who turns eighteen during the course of the story. She lives with her parents in a skyscraper in Obsidian called Falco Towers. She is an heiress to Falco's fortune but resents her family, particularly her father for forbidding her from ever going outside. She falls in love with Strat. However, since her DNA is not frozen, she will age normally.
Falco: A powerful tyrant and CEO of Falco Industries, and the father of Raven. He has his own private militia, which he often sends out to battle 'The Lost'. He is very protective of Raven to the extent where he forbids her from ever going outside. He particularly despises Strat, seeing him as a threat for wanting to approach his daughter.
Sloane: Falco's wife and the mother of Raven. She is a hilarious drunk, but also harbors a lot of regret in her life and spends much of the story pushing herself to break free from Falco as he becomes increasingly tyrannical and violent. Projecting her feelings about her own situation towards her daughter, she wants Raven to be free and to be able to fall in love.
Tink: Strat's best friend and a fellow member of 'The Lost'. He is romantically in love with Strat, but cannot act upon this because his DNA is frozen at a younger developmental age than the rest of 'The Lost' and as such is considered a child by his peers. He resents Raven; the romance between Strat and Raven is interpreted by Tink as Raven taking Strat away from himself and 'The Lost', rather than as Strat taking Raven from her family.
Zahara: Strat's friend and Jagwire's love interest who leads a double life; working as a nurse at Falco Towers and being part of 'The Lost'. She resents Falco but feels protective towards Raven and Sloane. In the song Two Out of Three Ain't Bad, it is revealed that Zahara cannot forget her first boyfriend who left her years ago before her DNA froze. It is implied at the end that she finally gets together with Jagwire.
Jagwire: Strat's friend and a fellow member of 'The Lost' who is in love with Zahara. In the song Objects in the Rear View Mirror May Appear Closer Than They Are, it is revealed that he once had a best friend named Kenny who died in a car accident before his DNA froze. It is implied at the end that he finally gets together with Zahara.
Ledoux: Strat's friend and a fellow member of 'The Lost' who is a close friend of Tink. He also appears to be in a relationship with a female Lost member named Liebeswoosh. In the song Objects in the Rear View Mirror May Appear Closer Than They Are, it is revealed that he once had a sexual relationship with a girl which ended with her disappearance before his DNA froze.
Blake: Strat's friend and a fellow member of 'The Lost' who is a close friend of Ledoux. He is also in a relationship with a female Lost member named Valkyrie[13]. In the song Objects in the Rear View Mirror May Appear Closer Than They Are, it is revealed that he grew up with his alcoholic and abusive father before his DNA froze. In the 2018 North American Tour, an altered version of Valkyrie replaces Blake in the show.
Principal cast and characters[edit]
Character
NYC Developmental Lab
(2015)
Manchester
(2017)
London
(2017)
Toronto
(2017-18)
London
(2018-19)
US Tour
(2018-19)
Oberhausen
(2018-19)
Strat
Andrew Polec Robin Reitsma
Raven
Sheridan Mouawad Christina Bennington Emily Schultheis Sarah Kornfeld
Falco
Bradley Dean Rob Fowler Bradley Dean Alex Melcher
Sloane
Julia Murney Sharon Sexton Lulu Lloyd Willemijn Verkaik
Tink
Charlie Franklin Aran MacRae Alex Thomas-Smith Avionce Hoyles Tom van der Ven
Zahara
Christina Sajous Danielle Steers Harper Miles Aisata Blackman
Jagwire
Billy Lewis Jr Dom Hartley-Harris Billy Lewis Jr Wayne Robinson Tyrick Wiltez Jones Benet Monteiro
Ledoux
Justin Sargent Giovanni Spanó Will Branner Michael Moore
Blake
Lance Bordelon Patrick Sullivan N/A, replaced by
Samantha Pauly as Valkyrie
Lorenzo Di Girolamo
Notable Replacements[edit]
Dominion Theatre, London (2018-19)
Strat: Jordan Luke Gage will take over the role from Andrew Polec on September 4, 2018, after previously covering it as Polec's alternate along with Simon Gordon while also appearing in the ensemble as 'Hoffman'. Gage will be replaced in the ensemble by Barney Wilkinson.
Blake: Ryan Anderson joined the production on August 31st, 2018, replacing Patrick Sullivan.
Original Creative Team[edit]
Role
Name
Music, Book and Lyrics Jim Steinman
Director Jay Scheib
Set Design Jon Bausor
Choreographer Emma Portner
Lighting Design Patrick Woodroffe
Video Design Finn Ross
Sound Design Gareth Owen
Plot[edit]
Act One
Act One begins with Strat recalling his first encounter with rock and roll ('Love and Death and an American Guitar (Strat's Soliloquy)') before his DNA froze causing him to remain eighteen forever. The story is set in the dystopian city of Obsidian, once known as Manhattan. Strat and his friends who are also frozen like him: Tink, Blake, Ledoux, Jagwire, Zahara and other teens call themselves 'The Lost' protest in Falco Square outside Falco Towers ('All Revved Up with No Place to Go / Wasted Youth'), the residence of the tyrannical leader of Obsidian, Falco. During the scuffle, Strat's shirt is torn from his back and thrown to the ground. Falco's only teenage daughter, Raven sneaks outside and is drawn to the discarded shirt. Picking it up, her eyes meet with Strat, but she is immediately rushed back inside by her mother and Falco's wife, Sloane. Falco himself joins the fight, throwing Tink to the ground as he was spraying graffiti on the wall of Falco Towers, so Ledoux breaks a bottle over Falco's head, giving him a facial injury.
Falco eventually drives 'The Lost' away, and returns home to Falco Towers, where Raven expresses her resentment towards him for forbidding her from ever going outside. After sending Raven to bed, Falco discusses with Sloane about his plans to make Obsidian great again with his planned house project. However, this involves: destroying disused tunnels and subways. They then talk about the teenagers today while lamenting their long gone youths ('Who Needs the Young?'). In her room, Raven is trying on Strat's shirt which she picked up during the scuffle when Strat briefly climbs in and he quickly steals a magazine with her image on it. His presence startles her, but he disappears quickly just as Sloane arrives. Raven eagerly asks Sloane about 'The Lost', so her mother tells her: an earthquake occurred in this city 25 years ago. Those teenagers were trapped in a tunnel filled with poison which didn't kill them, but froze their genes causing them to remain eighteen forever. Raven is fascinated by the story until Sloane notices that she is wearing Strat's shirt. She then gives her an early eighteenth birthday present; Falco's old biker jacket. Sloane also encourages Raven to not make the mistakes she made and that she wants her to be free and to be able to fall in love.
The following day, 'The Lost' are gathered in an area of Obsidian which they call the Deep End. It is their hideaway, which is located in a disused subway tunnel nearby the 81st Street–Museum of Natural History station. Strat's best friend, Tink crashes his bicycle, then acts aggressively towards Jagwire - but the fight is stopped from escalating by Strat, who takes Tink aside, tends his wounds and tussles with him. Tink expresses that he is constantly teased by the other Lost members due to his DNA freezing developmentally below the age of eighteen, and as such, he is treated by the others as a child, which is very frustrating for him. Unbeknownst to Strat, Tink secretly has a crush on him and attempts to kiss him, but Strat pulls back. Zahara discusses Falco's house project and she also attempts to make a move on Strat which he pulls back on as well. He asks Zahara: "on a hot summer night, would you offer your throat to the wolf with the red roses?", but this falls flat, and both Zahara and Strat are a little alienated by each other.
Zahara tells Strat that he needs to give up and forget about Raven because it will only make things worse if he tries to approach her. Strat refuses, and as he expresses his desire to see Raven; Blake, Ledoux, Tink and 'The Lost' briefly discuss kidnapping her in exchange for ransom. They then encourage Strat, who is worked up to a frenzy about Raven to pursue her romantically ('Out of the Frying Pan (And Into the Fire)').
Meanwhile, Jagwire pulls up on his motorbike outside of Falco Towers, after seeing Zahara there. It is briefly established that they have an ongoing unromantic relationship which is going sour. Zahara accuses Jagwire of following her and attempts to drive him away, but Jagwire persists to get his feelings through to her. Although she is aware of Jagwire's love for her, Zahara gently rejects him as she still cannot get over her first love ('Two Out of Three Ain't Bad').
Within Falco Towers, Falco and Sloane throw a birthday party for Raven to celebrate her eighteenth birthday, much to her chagrin. Raven once again asks her father to let her explore the subways and to hang out with 'The Lost' which he bluntly and firmly refuses. Sloane attempts to brighten up the atmosphere by reminding everyone that it is Raven's birthday, but it quickly devolves into Falco and Sloane making out while reminiscing about how they got together in their wild-and-free youth ('Paradise by the Dashboard Light'), causing Raven to leave in frustration and disgust.
In her room, Raven tearfully rips up her family photos until Falco and Sloane enter. They apologize for embarrassing her on her birthday and Zahara appears in a nurse outfit. Zahara gives Raven "dream suppressant" medication, while Falco and Sloane tuck her into bed. While Raven goes to sleep, Falco and Sloane quietly wish that the thought of losing her someday will never come. Once they leave the room, Strat sneaks in through the window and he watches Raven sleep while slowly approaching her. His presence soon awakens Raven who is initially startled, and Strat asks her: "on a hot summer night, would you offer your throat to the wolf with the red roses?", but she's too busy expressing other feelings to notice the question, which disappoints Strat - who begins to leave, but she stops him. They have a heart-to-heart talk which leads them to serenade each other ('Making Love Out of Nothing at All') and Strat invites her to go out with him for one night. Raven agrees to go with him and just as they are about to make love, a frantic Zahara interrupts by entering the bedroom to warn them that Falco is coming, and has already invaded the Deep End. Strat then grabs Raven and they escape via her bedroom window. Outside, they are met up with Jagwire who appears with Strat's motorbike and he urges them to go just as he gets apprehended by Falco's militia. Strat takes Raven on his motorbike and they begin their escape, but Raven has second thoughts about going with him ('Bat Out of Hell'). Halfway through the ride, Raven starts fearing about what her father would do to Strat, prompting her to jump off his motorbike and run away, leaving Strat to grab the handlebars, brake and stop. Devastated and hurt, he gets back on his motorbike and zooms ahead. Strat ends up driving his motorbike at full speed, off the Atlantic Ocean cliffs when he "misses" a sudden curve. His motorbike shatters and crushes him, severely injuring and seemingly killing him. Act One ends with Zahara and Tink discovering his body. Zahara climbs down from the top of the cliffs and she calls the paramedics who arrive to help her carry Strat away.

Act Two
As Zahara briefly mentioned before Strat and Raven escaped, Falco was invading the Deep End. At the start of Act Two, Falco has captured many members of 'The Lost' and has confined them in "The Vaults Of Punishment"; a cage barely big enough to hold them all, in the prison basement of Falco Towers. Falco gleefully tortures Jagwire by electrocution and Zahara appears in her nurse outfit while holding Strat's bloodied shirt. She grimly informs 'The Lost' that Strat has died just as Raven and Sloane arrive. Raven breaks down upon hearing this and is dragged away by Zahara and Sloane, leaving Falco and his militia to torture 'The Lost' ('In the Land of the Pig, the Butcher Is King'). Up in her room, Raven mourns over Strat's death while constantly blaming herself for running away from him ('Heaven Can Wait'). Below, 'The Lost' are still shocked to have lost their leader and they all admit that their lives are a mess - but then, their lives have always been a mess - prompting Jagwire, Blake and Ledoux to share their pasts ('Objects in the Rear View Mirror May Appear Closer Than They Are'). Sloane, having had enough of Falco's tyrannical behavior enters the basement accompanied by several Lost members who evaded getting captured, and with their assistance, she frees 'The Lost' from the cage, allowing them to escape. Meanwhile, Zahara takes a pint of blood from Raven and wakes her up. She tells Raven to come with her and they leave. Unbeknownst to them, Tink has been hiding in the room behind the door, and in a fit of jealousy, he violently rips into the pillows on Raven's bed - sending feathers flying everywhere - before throwing his knife at her photo. Zahara takes Raven to the safe area (script says: the attic of the Natural History Museum, but this is depicted on stage as an area filled with rocks), where she and Tink have been secretly looking after Strat who had miraculously survived his accident. She transfuses Raven's blood into Strat, enabling him to become mobile again, and he stumbles down from the rocks reciting poetry ('Teenager In Love'). Raven is shocked and overjoyed to see Strat and attempts to thank Tink for helping him recover, but he rudely rebuffs her. Zahara forcibly makes Tink leave with her while Strat and Raven have a heartfelt reunion ('For Crying Out Loud').
The following day, Zahara returns to Falco Towers to prepare a bag for Raven and is confronted by Falco who violently demands her to reveal Raven's location. She denies knowing where Raven is and Falco reveals that he knows that she is actually part of 'The Lost'. Sloane enters the room and she defends Zahara from Falco. She attempts to talk some sense into Falco, but he pushes her away prompting her to yell that she is leaving him and she rushes to attack him. Falco is about to strike Sloane until Zahara fires a warning shot with her gun before leaving while beckoning Sloane to come with her - so they can both leave in safety.
At the museum, Strat once again asks Raven: "on a hot summer night, would you offer your throat to the wolf with the red roses?". Raven responds to his words and happily agrees to become his, just as 'The Lost' show up. 'The Lost' become shocked and overwhelmed to see Strat alive as they joyously welcome him "back from the dead" while serenading and uniting him with Raven ('You Took the Words Right Out of My Mouth (Hot Summer Night)'). They hold a "wedding" - 'The Lost' dress Strat in a ruffled shirt with a sparkly silver jacket, and they dress Raven in a white dress, accompanied by a bouquet. Sloane joins in the celebration and she accepts Strat as Raven's partner. Raven throws the bouquet over her shoulder - this is caught by Zahara, who is simultaneously overjoyed and freaked out to catch it, so she throws it again - where it is caught by a female Lost member - Scherzzo - who gets down on one knee and proposes to Sloane.
After the "wedding", Raven and Strat go to the Dunes where they talk - Raven reveals she is now able to dream for the first time - and they attempt to consummate their relationship, only to be interrupted by a jealous Tink who urges Strat to send Raven back to Falco. Strat refuses, leading into a heated argument and Tink vows to get rid of Raven while lamenting his unrequited love for Strat ('Not Allowed to Love'). At Falco Towers, Falco unsuccessfully tries to dissuade Sloane from leaving him after losing Raven ('What Part of My Body Hurts the Most'), and he is left all alone to reflect on his actions. He is later visited by Tink who offers him a deal: he will take him to where Raven is, in exchange that no one gets hurt and that he will leave 'The Lost' alone after he gets Raven back. Falco becomes convinced and he agrees to the deal while amused by Tink's betrayal.
In the Deep End, 'The Lost' are gathered at the bar continuing to celebrate the union between Strat and Raven while Jagwire serenades Zahara ('Dead Ringer For Love'). Their celebration is interrupted when Falco bursts in through the wall with his militia and Tink. He reveals the deal he and Tink made and orders 'The Lost' to return Raven to him if they want him to leave them alone. Everyone resists and a scuffle ensues, which abruptly ends when Falco accidentally and unintentionally shoots Tink. Tink collapses from the gunshot wound while Falco is dragged away. Overwhelmed with shock and anger, Strat orders Raven to get away from him, prompting her to run off - heartbroken. Weak from blood loss, Tink apologizes for what he did because he only wanted to remain as they always were and Strat forgives him, telling him that he will always be his best friend and his soulmate. Tink dies in Strat's arms and 'The Lost' hold a funeral for him ('Rock and Roll Dreams Come Through'). Meanwhile, Raven is left with no choice but to return home to Falco Towers where she furiously blames her father for ruining everything.
Six months later, Sloane is still wandering through the city, delivering a beautiful monologue about how she's tried and failed to recapture her youth. In Falco Towers, Raven has become a recluse by secluding herself in her bedroom until Strat slips in through the window. He apologizes for spurning her six months ago when he knew it wasn't her fault Tink died and that he still loves her. Realizing she is still in love with Strat, Raven rekindles her feelings for him, and so does Sloane when she returns to Falco to rekindle their marriage ('It's All Coming Back to Me Now'). Raven suddenly has second thoughts about their relationship, because after being apart for so long, she's realized that they cannot be together. When Strat asks her why she reminds him that he is going to remain young forever while she is fated to age normally. Strat tells Raven that he doesn't care if she gets old, because she will always be eighteen in his eyes and he will always love her no matter what.
Finale: Strat and Raven, Falco and Sloane, and Zahara and Jagwire make vows to their respective partners ('I'd Do Anything For Love (But I Won't Do That)'). During this song, Falco is forced at gunpoint into a lake by Zahara, where he emerges several seconds later dressed in a different outfit (a baptism/redemption). [US Tour: During the song 'The Lost' surround Falco and when they disperse, he's wearing a rock style outfit.]
Musical Numbers[edit]
Act I
"Love and Death and an American Guitar" – Strat
"All Revved Up with No Place to Go / The Opening of the Box / Everything Louder Than Everything Else / If It Ain't Broke, Break It" – Strat, Falco, Ledoux, Jagwire and Company
"Who Needs the Young?" – Falco and Sloane
"Out of the Frying Pan (And Into the Fire)" – Strat, Ledoux, Blake, Tink and Company
"Two Out of Three Ain't Bad" – Zahara and Jagwire
"Paradise by the Dashboard Light" – Falco, Sloane and Company
"Making Love Out of Nothing at All" – Strat and Raven
"Bat Out of Hell" – Strat, Raven and Company
Act II
"In the Land of the Pig, the Butcher Is King" – Falco and Company
"Heaven Can Wait" – Raven
"Objects in the Rear View Mirror May Appear Closer Than They Are" – Jagwire, Blake, Ledoux and Company
"Teenager In Love" - Strat
"For Crying Out Loud" – Strat and Raven
"You Took the Words Right Out of My Mouth (Hot Summer Night)" – Strat, Raven, Ledoux, Liebeswoosh, Blake, Mordema, Jagwire and Company
"Not Allowed to Love" – Tink
"What Part of My Body Hurts the Most" – Falco and Sloane
"Dead Ringer for Love" – Jagwire, Zahara and Company
"Rock and Roll Dreams Come Through" – Strat, Tink, Jagwire, Ledoux, Blake, Zahara and Company
"It's All Coming Back to Me Now" – Raven, Sloane, Falco and Strat
"I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)" – Strat, Raven, Jagwire, Falco, Sloane, Zahara, Blake, Ledoux, Liebeswoosh and Company
Finale (Bat Out of Hell (reprise)) – Strat and Company
An excerpt from the Meat Loaf recording of "Life Is A Lemon And I Want My Money Back" can be heard at the beginning of the scene in Raven's bedroom between "Who Needs the Young?" and "Out of the Frying Pan (And Into the Fire)". Lines from "Bad for Good"'s title track are used frequently in dialogue spoken by Raven, with one line also being sung as part of Sloane's monologue towards the end of act two.
"Teenager In Love" is the name of the monologue Strat recites immediately before he and Raven sing "For Crying Out Loud". Performed by Jim Steinman, a shorter version of this piece was first released as "Shadows On The Freeway" in 1979, then as "Nocturnal Pleasure" in 1981 on the album "Dead Ringer". This full length version - titled "Teenager In Love" - was initially only the prologue to the music video for It's All Coming Back to Me Now by Pandora's Box (1989), but was later released as a standalone audio track on the digital-only special 19-track version of the album which includes promotional tracks and single edits.
Changes[edit]
Versions of "Life Is A Lemon And I Want My Money Back" and "Lost Boys and Golden Girls" were rehearsed, but never made it into a staged production.
"Good Girls Go to Heaven (Bad Girls Go Everywhere)" (sung by Zahara, Sloane, Raven and Company) was included in the first few nights of previews in Manchester, but was cut and replaced with "Out of the Frying Pan (And Into the Fire). It was, however, included on the original cast recording.
"It Just Won't Quit" (sung by Raven, Strat and Company) was in the show until near the end of the London Coliseum run. As with "Good Girls Go to Heaven", it was still included on the original cast recording.
"In the Land of the Pig, the Butcher Is King" (sung by Falco and Company) is omitted from the US Tour.
Citations[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b O'Hanlon, Dom (May 31, 2017). "Bat Out of Hell the Musical extends booking at the London Coliseum". London Theatre. On the final night in London, August 22, it was told that the Musical is to make a return to the London stage in 2018.
Jump up ^ "Review Roundup: BAT OUT OF HELL Opens at Manchester Opera House". Broadway World. March 15, 2017. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Longman, Will (December 1, 2017). "Bat Out of Hell to open at the Dominion Theatre in 2018". LondonTheatre.co.uk. Retrieved December 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Bourne, Dianne (March 19, 2017). "Bat Out of Hell EXTENDS Manchester run after "overwhelming demand" from fans". Manchester Evening News. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Bourne, Dianne (March 15, 2017). "Review: Bat Out of Hell The Musical at Manchester Opera House". Manchester Evening News. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Downham, Paul (March 14, 2017). "Bat Out of Hell - Opera House, Manchester". North West End. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Longman, Will (August 22, 2017). "Bat Out of Hell to return to London in 2018". LondonTheatre.co.uk. Retrieved November 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Longman, Will (April 4, 2018). "Bat Out of Hell extends booking at Dominion Theatre in London". LondonTheatre.co.uk.
Jump up ^ "Bat Out of Hell extends at the Dominion Theatre". Retrieved 2018-08-27.
Jump up ^ "'Bat Out Of Hell' cast gets Yonge Street crowds all revved up". CBC News. May 15, 2017. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Bliss, Karen (May 16, 2017). "Meat Loaf Joins Cast of 'Bat Out of Hell - The Musical' at Toronto Event". Billboard. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Desk, BWW News. "Andrew Polec Will Star in BAT OUT OF HELL On Tour - Full Casting and Cities Announced!". BroadwayWorld.com. Retrieved 2018-08-27.
Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QTvBb_ha4-o
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Journey to the Center of the Earth
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For other uses, see Journey to the Centre of the Earth (disambiguation).
Journey to the Center of the Earth
Book cover made in 1874
Author
Jules Verne
Original title
Voyage au centre de la Terre
Illustrator
Édouard Riou
Cover artist
Édouard Riou
Country
France
Language
French
Series
The Extraordinary Voyages #3
Genre
Science fiction, adventure novel
Publisher
Pierre-Jules Hetzel
Publication date
1864
Published in English
1871
Media type
Print (Hardback)
Pages
183
ISBN
0486440885
Preceded by
The Adventures of Captain Hatteras
Followed by
From the Earth to the Moon
Journey to the Center of the Earth (French: Voyage au centre de la Terre, also translated under the titles A Journey to the Centre of the Earth and A Journey to the Interior of the Earth) is an 1864 science fiction novel by Jules Verne. The story involves German professor Otto Lidenbrock who believes there are volcanic tubes going toward the centre of the Earth. He, his nephew Axel, and their guide Hans descend into the Icelandic volcano Snæfellsjökull, encountering many adventures, including prehistoric animals and natural hazards, before eventually coming to the surface again in southern Italy, at the Stromboli volcano.
The genre of subterranean fiction already existed long before Verne. However, the present book considerably added to its popularity and influenced later such writings. For example, Edgar Rice Burroughs explicitly acknowledged Verne's influence on his own Pellucidar series.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Inspiration
3 Main characters
4 Prehistoric animals featured
5 Publication notes
6 Adaptations
6.1 Film
6.2 Television
6.3 Radio
6.4 Theatre
6.5 Theme park (themed areas) and rides
6.6 Other
7 See also
8 Notes
9 References
10 Further reading
11 External links
Plot[edit]
The story begins in May 1863, in the Lidenbrock house in Hamburg, Germany, with Professor Lidenbrock rushing home to peruse his latest purchase, an original runic manuscript of an Icelandic saga written by Snorri Sturluson (Snorre Tarleson in some versions of the story), "Heimskringla"; the chronicle of the Norwegian kings who ruled over Iceland. While looking through the book, Lidenbrock and his nephew Axel find a coded note written in runic script along with the name of a 16th-century Icelandic alchemist, Arne Saknussemm. (This was a first indication of Verne's love for cryptography. Coded, cryptic, or incomplete messages as a plot device would continue to appear in many of his works and in each case Verne would go a long way to explain not only the code used but also the mechanisms used to retrieve the original text.) Lidenbrock and Axel transliterate the runic characters into Latin letters, revealing a message written in a seemingly bizarre code. Lidenbrock attempts a decipherment, deducing the message to be a kind of transposition cipher; but his results are as meaningless as the original.
Professor Lidenbrock decides to lock everyone in the house and force himself and the others (Axel, and the maid, Martha) to go without food until he cracks the code. Axel discovers the answer when fanning himself with the deciphered text: Lidenbrock's decipherment was correct, and only needs to be read backwards to reveal sentences written in rough Latin.[a] Axel decides to keep the secret hidden from Professor Lidenbrock, afraid of what the Professor might do with the knowledge, but after two days without food he cannot stand the hunger and reveals the secret to his uncle. Lidenbrock translates the note, which is revealed to be a medieval note written by the (fictional) Icelandic alchemist Arne Saknussemm, who claims to have discovered a passage to the centre of the Earth via Snæfell in Iceland. In what Axel calls bad Latin, the deciphered message reads:
The Runic cryptogram
In Snefflls [sic] Iokulis kraterem kem delibat umbra Skartaris Iulii intra kalendas deskende, audas uiator, te [sic] terrestre kentrum attinges. Kod feki. Arne Saknussemm.
In slightly better Latin, with errors amended:
In Sneffels Jokulis craterem, quem delibat umbra Scartaris, Julii intra kalendas descende, audax viator, et terrestre centrum attinges; quod feci. Arne Saknussemm
which, when translated into English, reads:
Descend, bold traveller, into the crater of the jökull of Snæfell, which the shadow of Scartaris touches (lit: tastes) before the Kalends of July, and you will attain the centre of the earth. I did it. Arne Saknussemm
Snæfellsjökull.
Professor Lidenbrock is a man of astonishing impatience, and departs for Iceland immediately, taking his reluctant nephew with him. Axel, who, in comparison, is cowardly and anti-adventurous, repeatedly tries to reason with him, explaining his fears of descending into a volcano and putting forward various scientific theories as to why the journey is impossible, but Professor Lidenbrock repeatedly keeps himself blinded against Axel's point of view. After a rapid journey via Kiel and Copenhagen, they arrive in Reykjavík, where the two procure the services of Hans Bjelke (a Danish-speaking Icelander eiderdown hunter) as their guide, and travel overland to the base of the volcano.
In late June, they reach the volcano, which has three craters. According to Saknussemm's message, the passage to the center of the Earth is through the one crater that is touched by the shadow of a nearby mountain peak at noon. However, the text also states that this is only true during the last days of June. During the next few days, with July rapidly approaching, the weather is too cloudy for any shadows. Axel silently rejoices, hoping this will force his uncle – who has repeatedly tried to impart courage to him only to succeed in making him even more cowardly still – to give up the project and return home. Alas for Axel, however, on the second to last day, the sun comes out and the mountain peak shows the correct crater to take.
After descending into the crater, the three travellers set off into the bowels of the Earth, encountering many strange phenomena and great dangers, including a chamber filled with firedamp, and steep-sided wells around the "path". After taking a wrong turn, they run out of water and Axel almost dies, but Hans taps into a neighbouring subterranean river. Lidenbrock and Axel name the resulting stream the "Hansbach" in his honour and the three are saved. At another point, Axel becomes separated from the others and is lost several miles from them. Luckily, a strange acoustic phenomenon allows him to communicate with them from some miles away, and they are soon reunited.
After descending many miles, following the course of the Hansbach, they reach an unimaginably vast cavern. This underground world is lit by electrically charged gas at the ceiling, and is filled with a very deep subterranean ocean, surrounded by a rocky coastline covered in petrified trees and giant mushrooms. The travelers build a raft out of trees and set sail. The Professor names this sea the "Lidenbrock Sea" and the port as "Port Gräuben", after the name of his goddaughter. While on the water, they see several prehistoric creatures such as a giant Ichthyosaurus, which fights with a Plesiosaurus and wins. After the battle between the monsters, the party comes across an island with a huge geyser, which Lidenbrock names "Axel Island".
A lightning storm again threatens to destroy the raft and its passengers, but instead throws them onto the coastline. This part of the coast, Axel discovers, is alive with prehistoric plant and animal life forms, including giant insects and a herd of mastodons. On a beach covered with bones, Axel discovers an oversized human skull. Axel and Lidenbrock venture some way into the prehistoric forest, where Professor Lidenbrock points out, in a shaky voice, a prehistoric human, more than twelve feet in height, leaning against a tree and watching a herd of mastodons. Axel cannot be sure if he has really seen the man or not, and he and Professor Lidenbrock debate whether or not a proto-human civilization actually exists so far underground. The three wonder if the creature is a man-like ape, or an ape-like man. The sighting of the creature is considered the most alarming part of the story, and the explorers decide that it is better not to alert it to their presence as they fear it may be hostile.
The travellers continue to explore the coastline, and find a passageway marked by Saknussemm as the way ahead. However, it is blocked by what appears to be a recent cave-in and two of the three, Hans and the Professor, despair at being unable to hack their way through the granite wall. The adventurers plan to blast the rock with gun cotton and paddle out to sea to escape the blast. Upon executing the plan, however, they discover that behind the rockfall was a seemingly bottomless pit, not a passage to the center of the Earth. The travellers are swept away as the sea rushes into the large open gap in the ground. After spending hours being swept along at lightning speeds by the water, the raft ends up inside a large volcanic chimney filling with water and magma. Terrified, the three are rushed upwards, through stifling heat, and are ejected onto the surface from a side-vent of a stratovolcano. When they regain consciousness, they discover that they have been ejected from Stromboli, a volcanic island located in southern Italy. They return to Hamburg to great acclaim – Professor Lidenbrock is hailed as one of the great scientists of history, Axel marries his sweetheart Gräuben, and Hans eventually returns to his peaceful life in Iceland. The Professor has some regret that their journey was cut short.
At the very end of the book, Axel and Lidenbrock realize why their compass was behaving strangely after their journey on the raft. They realize that the needle was pointing the wrong way after being struck by an electric fireball which nearly destroyed the wooden raft.
Inspiration[edit]
The book was inspired by Charles Lyell's Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man of 1863 (and probably also influenced by Lyell's earlier ground-breaking work Principles of Geology, published 1830–33). By that time geologists had abandoned a literal biblical account of Earth's development and it was generally thought that the end of the last glacial period marked the first appearance of humanity, but Lyell drew on new findings to put the origin of human beings much further back in the deep geological past. Lyell's book also influenced Louis Figuier's 1867 second edition of La Terre avant le déluge ("The Earth before the flood") which included dramatic illustrations of savage men and women wearing animal skins and wielding stone axes, in place of the Garden of Eden shown in the 1863 edition.[1]
It is noteworthy that at the time of writing Verne had no hesitation with having sympathetic German protagonists with whom the reader could identify. Verne's attitude to Germans would drastically change in the aftermath of the 1871 Franco-Prussian War. After 1871, the sympathetic if eccentric Professor Otto Lidenbrock would be replaced in Verne's fiction by the utterly evil and demonic Professor Schultze of The Begum's Fortune.
Main characters[edit]
Professor Otto Lidenbrock: a professor of geology.
Axel: the nephew of Professor Lidenbrock, overcautious and unadventurous student.
Hans Bjelke: a Danish-speaking Icelandic eiderduck hunter who becomes their guide; dependable, resourceful and imperturbable.
Gräuben: the goddaughter of Professor Lidenbrock with whom Axel is in love, from the Vierlande area of Hamburg.
Martha: the maid at the house of Professor Lidenbrock.
Prehistoric animals featured[edit]
Deinotherium (teeth only)
Pterichthys
Dipterides – A two-finned fish
Leptotherium – A gazelle-like creature
Merycotherium – A cattle-like creature
Lophiodon
Anoplotherium
Mastodon
Megatherium
Unidentified pterosaur, probably Pterodactylus
Unknown species of giant bird, probably a teratorn
Ichthyosaurus
Plesiosaurus
Glyptodon (shell only)
Publication notes[edit]
The first English edition was published in its entirety by Henry Vickers in 12 installments of a Boys magazine entitled "The Boys Journal". The plates are more numerous than the book form which was published with an 1872 title page. If it was released in 1871 as a single volume it was late in the year. This "True" first edition also found in an octavo normal book size (not Annual size), has been overlooked by bibliographers. It has a place of pre-eminence up to about a 3rd of the way through the 12 monthly issues and then slides down into the main body of the journal. The Magazine does not seem to have survived in its loose format of 12 individual parts.[2]
The 1871 English language edition published by Griffith and Farran (named Journey to the Centre of the Earth at Project Gutenberg) is an abridged and altered translation. It changes the Professor's name to Hardwigg, Axel's name to Harry (or Henry) Lawson, and Grauben's name to Gretchen. It omits some chapters, while rewriting or adding portions to others. The redactor's note by Norm Wolcott, at Project Gutenberg, claims that this translation is the most popularly reprinted one, despite the flaws. The 1877 translation by Ward, Lock, & Co., Ltd., translated by Frederick Amadeus Malleson, is more faithful, though it too has some slight rewrites (according to the redactor at its Project Gutenberg page, where its title is translated as Journey to the Interior of the Earth).
The 1877 translation by Ward Lock & Co Ltd., translated by Frederick Amadeus Malleson was adapted by AD Classic Books' 2008 edition of Journey to the Center of the Earth. In this edit by A.R. Roumanis, antiquated writing and out of date sayings were replaced which makes this the most modernized version available.
The novel frequently uses the device of the Professor explaining or arguing scientific matters with Axel, in order to communicate scientific facts on which the world-view is based. In the midst of their descent, this role reverses at one point, as Axel points out strata to the Professor as another example of the same story-telling method. Many things postulated in the novel are now known to be incorrect, including the temperature of space being minus 40 degrees Fahrenheit, and volcanoes erupting due to a reaction between water and chemicals in the Earth's crust.
Adaptations[edit]
Film[edit]
1959: Journey to the Center of the Earth, USA, directed by Henry Levin, starring James Mason and Pat Boone. In the film, the character of Axel becomes Alec and is more adventurous than cowardly as he is in the novel. The film introduces two new main characters: a female explorer and a main antagonist.
1978: Viaje al centro de la Tierra, Spain, directed by Juan Piquer Simón, starring Kenneth More and Pep Munné. It was distributed in Great Britain and the US as Where Time Began.
1989: Journey to the Center of the Earth took only the title and a general idea from the Verne novel, and had a unique plot aimed at a teen audience. It was written by Debra Ricci, Regina Davis, Kitty Chalmers, and Rusty Lemorande, and was directed by Lemorande and Albert Pyun. It stars Emo Philips, Paul Carafotes, Jaclyn Bernstein, Kathy Ireland, Janet Du Plessis, Nicola Cowper, Lochner De Kock, and Ilan Mitchell-Smith. It was based on an uncompleted version, more faithful to Verne's text, written and directed by Lemorande, that had been left unfinished because of Cannon Films' premature closure.
2008: Journey to the Center of the Earth is a 3-D film by Eric Brevig. Cast members include Brendan Fraser, Anita Briem and Josh Hutcherson. The film follows as a sequel to the original book.
2008: Journey to the Center of the Earth – A direct-to-DVD release by The Asylum, which is a loose adaptation of the original book. It was released as Journey to Middle Earth in the United Kingdom.
Walt Disney Pictures began work on a "Journey" in the late 1990s, but was not happy with the appearance of the subterranean caverns, so the project was scrapped and the cavern scenes were altered and used in the production of their 2001 film Atlantis: The Lost Empire.
Television[edit]
An animated television series, Journey to the Center of the Earth, first broadcast in 1967 on ABC, starring the voices of Ted Knight, Pat Harrington, Jr., and Jane Webb, only loosely based on Verne's novel.[3]
A limited animation television special in the Famous Classic Tales series was aired by CBS in 1977.
In 1993, NBC aired a made-for-TV film version with a cast including John Neville, F. Murray Abraham and Kim Miyori. The film used the title and general premise of Verne's novel, but had its heroes carry out the journey in an earth-penetrating machine.[4] A television series was supposed to follow, but was never produced.[citation needed]
The Wishbone 1996 episode "Hot Diggety Dawg" was based on the novel, featuring several major scenes starring the title character as Professor Lidenbrock.
The 1999 Hallmark Entertainment miniseries starred Treat Williams, Jeremy London, Bryan Brown, Tushka Bergen, and Hugh Keays-Byrne (this version deviates considerably from Verne's original).
A TV film version by RHI Entertainment starring Rick Schroder, Peter Fonda, Victoria Pratt, Steven Grayhm and Mike Dopud was shot on location in and around Vancouver on high definition video during the summer of 2007. The show aired on February 4, 2008 and been released on DVD. Victoria Pratt and Peter Fonda's characters were added to the original story.
Radio[edit]
A 7-part radio serial was broadcast on the BBC Home Service in 1962. It was produced by Claire Chovil, and starred Trevor Martin and Nigel Anthony.[5]
An 8-part radio serial was produced for BBC Radio 4 by Howard Jones in 1963. It starred Bernard Horsfall and Jeffrey Banks.
A radio drama adaptation was broadcast by National Public Radio in 2000 for its series "Radio Tales".
A 90-minute radio adaptation by Stephen Walker directed by Owen O'Callan was first broadcast on BBC Radio 4 Extra on 20 November 2011 and re-broadcast on 11 and 12 November 2012. Nicholas Le Prevost starred as Professor Otto Lidenbrock, Nathaniel Parker as Axel and Oliver Senton as Hans. Rosemary McNab, an original female character who funds and accompanies the expedition (and has affairs with both Hans and Otto along the way), was played by Kristen Millwood.[6]
A two-part BBC Radio 4 adaptation of Journey to the Centre of the Earth was broadcast on 19 and 26 March 2017, with Stephen Critchlow as Professor Lidenbrock, Joel MacCormack as Axel and Gudmundur Ingi Thorvaldsson as Hans. It was directed and produced by Tracey Neale and adapted by Moya O'Shea.[7]
Theatre[edit]
A stage version of Journey to the Center of the Earth, written by Gerald Fitzgerald and directed by Steven-Shayle Rhodes, was produced at Pegasus Theatre in Dallas, Texas in 2000, with substantial changes made to the characters and the plot.
In 2014, Fitzgerald's 2-act script was adapted into a 3-act melodrama format and presented at the Pocket Sandwich Theatre in Dallas, directed by Joey Dietz.
Theme park (themed areas) and rides[edit]
A thrill ride based on the book, Journey to the Center of the Earth, is open at The Mysterious Island section of Tokyo DisneySea's theme park. Its also includes a dark ride based on Twenty thousand leagues under the Sea.
Le Visionarium (Timekeeper) - featuring Jules Verne in a circle vision ride (1992 - 2005) and Space Mountain, de la Terre à la Lune, in its original version (1995 - 2005), based directly on From the earth to the Moon in Discoveryland (the hub facing part of the Land features Steampunk related theming) at Euro Disneyland (now Disneyland Paris) between 1992 and 2005.
A water ride at Water World in Federal Heights, Colorado called 'Voyage to the Center of the Earth' is loosely based on the book.
A mill chute ride, called 'Journey to the Center of the Earth' and loosely based on the book, existed at Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom from 1960 to 1992.
Other[edit]
Video games called Journey to the Center of the Earth: in 1984 by Ozisoft for the Commodore 64; in 1989 by Topo Soft [8] for the ZX Spectrum and in 2003 by Frogwares.[9]
A board game adaptation of the book designed by Rüdiger Dorn was released by Kosmos in 2008.[10]
A concept album called Journey to the Centre of the Earth by Rick Wakeman, was released in 1974. It combines song, narration and instrumental pieces to retell the story
Rick Wakeman released a second concept album called Return to the Centre of the Earth in 1999, it tells the story of a later set of travelers attempting to repeat the original journey.
Alien Voices, an audio theater group led by Leonard Nimoy and John de Lancie, released a dramatized version of Journey to the Center of the Earth through Simon and Schuster Audio in 1997.
Christopher Lloyd's character of Doctor Emmett Brown, one of the two main fictional characters of the Back To The Future film series, attributed the origins of his lifelong devotion to science to having read as a child the works of Jules Verne in general, and Journey to the Center of the Earth in particular. (This is evident when he reveals that he tried to dig to the Center of the Earth at the age of twelve.) Back to the Future Part III, especially, pays homage to Journey of the Center of the Earth where Dr. Brown carves his initials in a mineshaft after storing the time machine, just like Arne Saknussemm did to help guide future explorers. At the end of the film, it is also revealed that Dr. Brown's two sons are named Jules and Verne.
The first part of the second season of Around the World with Willy Fog by Spanish studio BRB Internacional was "Journey to the Centre of the Earth".
Edgar Rice Burroughs wrote the Pellucidar series using the Journey to the Center of the Earth concept.
The surname of Kathy Ireland's character in Alien From L.A. (1988), a film about a girl who falls through the earth and discovers a repressive subterranean society, is Saknussemm.
The 1992 adventure/role-playing game Quest for Glory III by Sierra Entertainment used Arne Saknoosen the Aardvark as a bit character for exploration information, alluding to the explorer Arne Saknussemm.
The DC Comics comic book series Warlord took place in Skartaris, a land supposed to exist within a Hollow Earth. Its creator, Mike Grell, has confirmed that "the name comes from the mountain peak Scartaris that points the way to the passage to the earth's core in Journey to the Center of the Earth."[11]
Louis MacNeice's final play Persons from Porlock contains a reference to Journey to the Center of the Earth at the beginning. Because his mother used to read it aloud to him, Hank became 'completely fascinated' with 'caves and pot-holes and things' (p 111). At the end of the play 'Herr Professor Lidebrock' is one of the characters Hank meets down the pot hole. Hank says to him, 'Oh, my dear Professor, I've always wanted to meet you, since my mother used to read me your adventures. How you went down the volcano and ran into all those mastodons. But, of course, in your case you got out again.' The Professor replies, 'That was because I am a character in fiction.' He continues, 'Jules Verne invented me'(p 141).[12]
Halldór Laxness, the only Icelandic author to be awarded the Nobel Prize, situated his novel Under the Glacier in the area of Snæfellsjökull. The glacier has a mystic quality in the story and there are several references to A Journey to the Center of the Earth in connection with it.
In the Exile computer game series and its remake, the Avernum series, the player's party is exiled to a vast underground cavern similar to the one described in A Journey to the Center of the Earth. It also contains a subterranean ocean and networks of tunnels, but it is lit by bioluminescent mushrooms rather than an electric phenomenon. One of the goals of several of the games is to escape from the cavern.
See also[edit]
Subterranean fiction
Pellucidar
Spartakus and the Sun Beneath the Sea
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ To produce the cipher, the text is written backwards, and then each letter and punctuation mark is placed in a separate cell of a 7x3 matrix, going row by row. When each cell is filled with the first 21 letters, the 22nd letter is placed in the first cell, and so again through the matrix repeatedly until the message is complete. To decipher, one copies out the first letter of each cell, then the second, and so forth, and finally the resulting message is read backwards.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Criticism: Browne, E. Janet (2002), Charles Darwin: vol. 2 The Power of Place, London: Jonathan Cape, pp. 130, 218, 515, ISBN 0-7126-6837-3
Jump up ^ The Boys Journal. Published By Henry Vickers, London. 1870
Jump up ^ "Journey to the Center of the Earth". IMDb. IMDb.com, Inc. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "Journey to the Center of the Earth". IMDb. IMDb.com, Inc. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "A Journey to the Centre of the Earth". BBC Genome. BBC. Retrieved 10 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Jules Verne- Journey to the Centre of the Earth", BBC Radio 4, 20 Nov 2011.
Jump up ^ [1]"Radio 4 relevant page"
Jump up ^ "Viaje al Centro de la Tierra - World of Spectrum". www.worldofspectrum.org.
Jump up ^ "Journey to the Center of the Earth for Windows (2003) - MobyGames". MobyGames.
Jump up ^ "Journey to the Center of the Earth". BoardGameGeek.
Jump up ^ Brian Cronin, 2006, "Comic Book Urban Legends Revealed #54!" (archive)
Jump up ^ Louis MacNeice, Persons from Porlock, London: BBC, 1969.
Further reading[edit]
Debus, Allen (July 2007). "Re-Framing the Science in Jules Verne's Journey to the Center of the Earth". Science Fiction Studies. 33 (3): 405–20. JSTOR 4241461. .
External links[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Journey into the Interior of the Earth
French Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Voyage au centre de la Terre
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Journey to the Center of the Earth.
A Journey to the Centre of the Earth (Griffith and Farran, 1871) entire early English translation.
Journey to the Centre of the Earth and PDF Full text of the Oxford University Press translation, with introduction, notes and appendices. Most modern translation available online.
Journey into the Interior of the Earth (Malleson, trans.; Ward, Lock & Co., 1877) from JV.Gilead.org.il
A Journey to the Interior of the Earth (Malleson, trans.; Ward, Lock & Co., 1877) – in easy to read HTML format.
A Journey to the Interior of the Earth at Project Gutenberg (English)
Journey to the Interior of the Earth public domain audiobook at LibriVox
Free Audio Book of "Journey to the Center of the Earth" from The Drama Pod
Journey to the Center of the Earth – Classics Illustrated comic book
[show]
v
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Jules Verne's Journey to the Center of the Earth
Films
1959 film
1978 film
1989 film
2008 TV film
2008 Asylum film
2008 theatrical film
Other
1967 series
1999 miniseries
1974 album
2008 video game
Journey 2: The Mysterious Island
Journey Through the Impossible
[show]
v
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Works by Jules Verne
Voyages
extraordinaires
Five Weeks in a Balloon (1863)
Journey to the Center of the Earth (1864)
From the Earth to the Moon (1865)
The Adventures of Captain Hatteras (1866)
In Search of the Castaways (1867–68)
Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (1869–70)
Around the Moon (1870)
A Floating City (1871)
The Adventures of Three Englishmen and Three Russians in South Africa (1872)
The Fur Country (1873)
Around the World in Eighty Days (1873)
The Mysterious Island (1874–75)
The Survivors of the Chancellor (1875)
Michael Strogoff (1876)
Off on a Comet (1877)
The Child of the Cavern (1877)
Dick Sand, A Captain at Fifteen (1878)
The Begum's Fortune (1879)
Tribulations of a Chinaman in China (1879)
The Steam House (1880)
Eight Hundred Leagues on the Amazon (1881)
Godfrey Morgan (1882)
The Green Ray (1882)
Kéraban the Inflexible (1883)
The Vanished Diamond (1884)
The Archipelago on Fire (1884)
Mathias Sandorf (1885)
The Lottery Ticket (1886)
Robur the Conqueror (1886)
North Against South (1887)
The Flight to France (1887)
Two Years' Vacation (1888)
Family Without a Name (1889)
The Purchase of the North Pole (1889)
César Cascabel (1890)
Mistress Branican (1891)
The Carpathian Castle (1892)
Claudius Bombarnac (1892)
Foundling Mick (1893)
Captain Antifer (1894)
Propeller Island (1895)
Facing the Flag (1896)
Clovis Dardentor (1896)
An Antarctic Mystery (1897)
The Mighty Orinoco (1898)
The Will of an Eccentric (1899)
The Castaways of the Flag (1900)
The Village in the Treetops (1901)
The Sea Serpent (1901)
The Kip Brothers (1902)
Travel Scholarships (1903)
A Drama in Livonia (1904)
Master of the World (1904)
Invasion of the Sea (1905)
Other works
Novels
The Waif of the Cynthia (1885)
The Lighthouse at the End of the World (1905)
The Golden Volcano (1906)
The Chase of the Golden Meteor (1908)
The Danube Pilot (1908)
The Survivors of the "Jonathan" (1909)
The Secret of Wilhelm Storitz (1910)
The Barsac Mission (1919)
Backwards to Britain (1989, written 1859)
Paris in the Twentieth Century (1994, written 1863)
Collections
Doctor Ox (1874)
Yesterday and Tomorrow (1910)
Short
stories
"A Drama in Mexico" (1851)
"A Drama in the Air" (1851)
"Martin Paz" (1852)
"Master Zacharius" (1854)
"A Winter amid the Ice" (1855)
"The Count of Chanteleine" (1864)
"The Blockade Runners" (1865)
"Dr. Ox's Experiment" (1872)
"An Ideal City" (1875)
"The Mutineers of the Bounty" (1879)
"Ten Hours Hunting" (1881)
"Frritt-Flacc" (1884)
"Gil Braltar" (1887)
"In the Year 2889" (1889)
"Adventures of the Rat Family" (1891)
"Mr. Ray Sharp and Miss Me Flat" (1893)
"The Eternal Adam" (1910)
Plays
The Broken Straws (1850)
Mona Lisa (1852)
Blind Man's Buff (1853)
The Adoptive Son (1853
Knights of the Daffodil (1855)
Mr. Chimpanzee (1858)
The Inn in the Ardennes (1860)
Eleven Days' Siege (1861)
A Nephew from America (1873)
Around the World in 80 Days (1874)
The Children of Captain Grant (1878)
Michael Strogoff (1880)
Journey Through the Impossible (1882)
Kéraban the Pigheaded (1883)
Related
The Thompson Travel Agency by Michel Verne (1907)
Universe
Characters
Aouda
Tom Ayrton
David Farragut
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VIAF: 181861005
GND: 4835489-2
SUDOC: 089079728
BNF: cb12342582t (data)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Journey_to_the_Center_of_the_Earth&oldid=831445664"
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Journey to the Center of the Earth
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