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Index fund
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An index fund (also index tracker) is a mutual fund or exchange-traded fund (ETF) designed to follow certain preset rules so that the fund can track a specified basket of underlying investments.[1] Those rules may include tracking prominent indexes like the S&P 500 or the Dow Jones Industrial Average or implementation rules, such as tax-management, tracking error minimization, large block trading or patient/flexible trading strategies that allows for greater tracking error, but lower market impact costs. Index funds may also have rules that screen for social and sustainable criteria.
An index fund’s rules of construction clearly identify the type of companies suitable for the fund. The most commonly known index fund, the S&P 500 Index Fund, is based on the rules established by S&P Dow Jones Indices for their S&P 500 Index. Equity index funds would include groups of stocks with similar characteristics such as the size, value, profitability and/or the geographic location of the companies. A group of stocks may include companies from the United States, Non-US Developed, emerging markets or Frontier Market countries. Additional index funds within these geographic markets may include indexes of companies that include rules based on company characteristics or factors, such as companies that are small, mid-sized, large, small value, large value, small growth, large growth, the level of gross profitability or investment capital, real estate, or indexes based on commodities and fixed-income. Companies are purchased and held within the index fund when they meet the specific index rules or parameters and are sold when they move outside of those rules or parameters. Think of an index fund as an investment utilizing rules-based investing. Some index providers announce changes of the companies in their index before the change date and other index providers do not make such announcements.[2]
The main advantage of index funds for investors is they don't require a lot of time to manage as the investors don't have to spend time analyzing various stocks or stock portfolios. Many investors also find it difficult to beat the performance of the S&P 500 Index due to their lack of experience/skill in investing.
One index provider, Dow Jones Indexes, has 130,000 indices. Dow Jones Indexes says that all its products are maintained according to clear, unbiased, and systematic methodologies that are fully integrated within index families.[3]
As of 2014, index funds made up 20.2% of equity mutual fund assets in the US. Index domestic equity mutual funds and index-based exchange-traded funds (ETFs), have benefited from a trend toward more index-oriented investment products. From 2007 through 2014, index domestic equity mutual funds and ETFs received $1 trillion in net new cash, including reinvested dividends. Index-based domestic equity ETFs have grown particularly quickly, attracting almost twice the flows of index domestic equity mutual funds since 2007. In contrast, actively managed domestic equity mutual funds experienced a net outflow of $659 billion, including reinvested dividends, from 2007 to 2014.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Origins
2 Economic theory
3 Tracking
4 Fees
5 Indexing methods
5.1 Traditional indexing
5.2 Synthetic indexing
5.3 Enhanced indexing
6 Advantages
6.1 Low costs
6.2 Simplicity
6.3 Lower turnovers
6.4 No style drift
7 Disadvantages
7.1 Losses to arbitrageurs
7.2 Common market impact
7.3 Possible tracking error from index
8 Diversification
9 Asset allocation and achieving balance
10 Pension investment in index funds
11 Comparison of index funds with index ETFs
12 U.S. capital gains tax considerations
13 See also
14 References
15 External links
Origins[edit]
The first theoretical model for an index fund was suggested in 1960 by Edward Renshaw and Paul Feldstein, both students at the University of Chicago. While their idea for an "Unmanaged Investment Company" garnered little support, it did start off a sequence of events in the 1960s that led to the creation of the first index fund in the next decade.[5]
Qualidex Fund, Inc., a Florida Corporation, chartered on 05/23/1967 (317247) by Richard A. Beach (BSBA Banking and Finance, University of Florida, 1957) and joined by Walton D. Dutcher Jr., filed a registration statement (2-38624) with the SEC on October 20, 1970 which became effective on July 31, 1972. "The fund organized as an open-end, diversified investment company whose investment objective is to approximate the performance of the Dow Jones Industrial Stock Average", thereby becoming the first index fund.
In 1973, Burton Malkiel wrote A Random Walk Down Wall Street, which presented academic findings for the lay public. It was becoming well known in the popular financial press that most mutual funds were not beating the market indices. Malkiel wrote:
What we need is a no-load, minimum management-fee mutual fund that simply buys the hundreds of stocks making up the broad stock-market averages and does no trading from security to security in an attempt to catch the winners. Whenever below-average performance on the part of any mutual fund is noticed, fund spokesmen are quick to point out "You can't buy the averages." It's time the public could.
...there is no greater service [the New York Stock Exchange] could provide than to sponsor such a fund and run it on a nonprofit basis.... Such a fund is much needed, and if the New York Stock Exchange (which, incidentally has considered such a fund) is unwilling to do it, I hope some other institution will.[6]
John Bogle graduated from Princeton University in 1951, where his senior thesis was titled: "The Economic Role of the Investment Company".[7] Bogle wrote that his inspiration for starting an index fund came from three sources, all of which confirmed his 1951 research: Paul Samuelson's 1974 paper, "Challenge to Judgment"; Charles Ellis' 1975 study, "The Loser's Game"; and Al Ehrbar's 1975 Fortune magazine article on indexing. Bogle founded The Vanguard Group in 1974; as of 2009, it was the largest mutual fund company in the United States.[citation needed]
Bogle started the First Index Investment Trust on December 31, 1975. At the time, it was heavily derided by competitors as being "un-American" and the fund itself was seen as "Bogle's folly".[8] Fidelity Investments Chairman Edward Johnson was quoted as saying that he "[couldn't] believe that the great mass of investors are going to be satisfied with receiving just average returns".[9] Bogle's fund was later renamed the Vanguard 500 Index Fund, which tracks the Standard and Poor's 500 Index. It started with comparatively meager assets of $11 million but crossed the $100 billion milestone in November 1999; this astonishing increase was funded by the market's increasing willingness to invest in such a product. Bogle predicted in January 1992 that it would very likely surpass the Magellan Fund before 2001, which it did in 2000.[citation needed]
John McQuown and David G. Booth of Wells Fargo, and Rex Sinquefield of the American National Bank in Chicago, established the first two Standard and Poor's Composite Index Funds in 1973. Both of these funds were established for institutional clients; individual investors were excluded. Wells Fargo started with $5 million from their own pension fund, while Illinois Bell put in $5 million of their pension funds at American National Bank. In 1971, Jeremy Grantham and Dean LeBaron at Batterymarch Financial Management "described the idea at a Harvard Business School seminar in 1971, but found no takers until 1973. Two years later, in December 1974, the firm finally attracted its first index client."[10]
In 1981, Booth and Sinquefield started Dimensional Fund Advisors (DFA), and McQuown joined its Board of Directors many years later. DFA further developed indexed-based investment strategies. Vanguard started its first bond index fund in 1986.
Frederick L. A. Grauer at Wells Fargo harnessed McQuown and Booth's indexing theories, which led to Wells Fargo's pension funds managing over $69 billion in 1989[11] and over $565 billion in 1998. In 1996, Wells Fargo sold its indexing operation to Barclays Bank of London, which it operated under the name Barclays Global Investors (BGI). Blackrock, Inc. acquired BGI in 2009; the acquisition included BGI's index fund management (both its institutional funds and its iShares ETF business) and its active management.
Economic theory[edit]
Economist Eugene Fama said, "I take the market efficiency hypothesis to be the simple statement that security prices fully reflect all available information." A precondition for this strong version of the hypothesis is that information and trading costs, the costs of getting prices to reflect information, are always 0.[12] A weaker and economically more sensible version of the efficiency hypothesis says that prices reflect information to the point where the marginal benefits of acting on information (the profits to be made) do not exceed marginal costs.[13] Economists cite the efficient-market hypothesis (EMH) as the fundamental premise that justifies the creation of the index funds. The hypothesis implies that fund managers and stock analysts are constantly looking for securities that may out-perform the market; and that this competition is so effective that any new information about the fortune of a company will rapidly be incorporated into stock prices. It is postulated therefore that it is very difficult to tell ahead of time which stocks will out-perform the market.[14] By creating an index fund that mirrors the whole market the inefficiencies of stock selection are avoided.
In particular, the EMH says that economic profits cannot be wrung from stock picking. This is not to say that a stock picker cannot achieve a superior return, just that the excess return will on average not exceed the costs of winning it (including salaries, information costs, and trading costs). The conclusion is that most investors would be better off buying a cheap index fund. Note that return refers to the ex-ante expectation; ex-post realisation of payoffs may make some stock-pickers appear successful. In addition, there have been many criticisms of the EMH.
Tracking[edit]
Tracking can be achieved by trying to hold all of the securities in the index, in the same proportions as the index. Other methods include statistically sampling the market and holding "representative" securities. Many index funds rely on a computer model with little or no human input in the decision as to which securities are purchased or sold and are thus subject to a form of passive management.
Fees[edit]
The lack of active management generally gives the advantage of lower fees and, in taxable accounts, lower taxes. In addition it is usually impossible to precisely mirror the index as the models for sampling and mirroring, by their nature, cannot be 100% accurate. The difference between the index performance and the fund performance is called the "tracking error", or, colloquially, "jitter."
Index funds are available from many investment managers. Some common indices include the S&P 500, the Nikkei 225, and the FTSE 100. Less common indexes come from academics like Eugene Fama and Kenneth French, who created "research indexes" in order to develop asset pricing models, such as their Three Factor Model. The Fama–French three-factor model is used by Dimensional Fund Advisors to design their index funds. Robert Arnott and Professor Jeremy Siegel have also created new competing fundamentally based indexes based on such criteria as dividends, earnings, book value, and sales.
Indexing methods[edit]
Traditional indexing[edit]
Indexing is traditionally known as the practice of owning a representative collection of securities, in the same ratios as the target index. Modification of security holdings happens only when companies periodically enter or leave the target index.
Synthetic indexing[edit]
Synthetic indexing is a modern technique of using a combination of equity index futures contracts and investments in low risk bonds to replicate the performance of a similar overall investment in the equities making up the index. Although maintaining the future position has a slightly higher cost structure than traditional passive sampling, synthetic indexing can result in more favourable tax treatment, particularly for international investors who are subject to U.S. dividend withholding taxes. The bond portion can hold higher yielding instruments, with a trade-off of corresponding higher risk, a technique referred to as enhanced indexing.
Enhanced indexing[edit]
Enhanced indexing is a catch-all term referring to improvements to index fund management that emphasize performance, possibly using active management. Enhanced index funds employ a variety of enhancement techniques, including customized indexes (instead of relying on commercial indexes), trading strategies, exclusion rules, and timing strategies. The cost advantage of indexing could be reduced or eliminated by employing active management. Enhanced indexing strategies help in offsetting the proportion of tracking error that would come from expenses and transaction costs. These enhancement strategies can be:
lower cost, issue selection, yield curve positioning,
sector and quality positioning and call exposure positioning.
Advantages[edit]
Low costs[edit]
Because the composition of a target index is a known quantity, relative to actively managed funds, it costs less to run an index fund.[1] Typically expense ratios of an index fund range from 0.10% for U.S. Large Company Indexes to 0.70% for Emerging Market Indexes. The expense ratio of the average large cap actively managed mutual fund as of 2015 is 1.15%.[15] If a mutual fund produces 10% return before expenses, taking account of the expense ratio difference would result in an after expense return of 9.9% for the large cap index fund versus 8.85% for the actively managed large cap fund.[2]
Simplicity[edit]
The investment objectives of index funds are easy to understand. Once an investor knows the target index of an index fund, what securities the index fund will hold can be determined directly.[2] Managing one's index fund holdings may be as easy as rebalancing every six months or every year.
Lower turnovers[edit]
Turnover refers to the selling and buying of securities by the fund manager. Selling securities in some jurisdictions may result in capital gains tax charges, which are sometimes passed on to fund investors. Even in the absence of taxes, turnover has both explicit and implicit costs, which directly reduce returns on a dollar-for-dollar basis. Because index funds are passive investments, the turnovers are lower than actively managed funds. According to a study conducted by John Bogle over a sixteen-year period, investors get to keep only 47% of the cumulative return of the average actively managed mutual fund, but they keep 87% in a market index fund. This means $10,000 invested in the index fund grew to $90,000 vs. $49,000 in the average actively managed stock mutual fund. That is a 40% gain from the reduction of silent partners.[2]
No style drift[edit]
Style drift occurs when actively managed mutual funds go outside of their described style (i.e., mid-cap value, large cap income, etc.) to increase returns. Such drift hurts portfolios that are built with diversification as a high priority. Drifting into other styles could reduce the overall portfolio's diversity and subsequently increase risk. With an index fund, this drift is not possible and accurate diversification of a portfolio is increased.[2]
Disadvantages[edit]
Losses to arbitrageurs[edit]
Index funds must periodically "rebalance" or adjust their portfolios to match the new prices and market capitalization of the underlying securities in the stock or other indexes that they track.[16][17] This allows algorithmic traders (80% of the trades of whom involve the top 20% most popular securities[16]) to perform index arbitrage by anticipating and trading ahead of stock price movements caused by mutual fund rebalancing, making a profit on foreknowledge of the large institutional block orders.[18][19] This results in profits transferred from investors to algorithmic traders, estimated to be at least 21 to 28 basis points annually for S&P 500 index funds, and at least 38 to 77 basis points per year for Russell 2000 funds.[20] In effect, an index, and consequently, all funds tracking an index are announcing ahead of time the trades that they are planning to make, allowing value to be siphoned by arbitrageurs, in a legal <sic> practice known as "index front running".[21][22] Algorithmic high-frequency traders all have advance access to the index re-balancing information, and spend large sums on fast technology to compete against each other to be the first—often by a few microseconds—to make these arbitrages.[dubious – discuss]
John Montgomery of Bridgeway Capital Management says that the resulting "poor investor returns" from trading ahead of mutual funds is "the elephant in the room" that "shockingly, people are not talking about."[23] Related "time zone arbitrage" against mutual funds and their underlying securities traded on overseas markets is likely "damaging to financial integration between the United States, Asia and Europe."[24]
Common market impact[edit]
One problem occurs when a large amount of money tracks the same index. According to theory, a company should not be worth more when it is in an index. But due to supply and demand, a company being added can have a demand shock, and a company being deleted can have a supply shock, and this will change the price.[25][26] This does not show up in tracking error since the index is also affected. A fund may experience less impact by tracking a less popular index.[27][28]
Possible tracking error from index[edit]
Since index funds aim to match market returns, both under- and over-performance compared to the market is considered a "tracking error". For example, an inefficient index fund may generate a positive tracking error in a falling market by holding too much cash, which holds its value compared to the market.
According to The Vanguard Group, a well run S&P 500 index fund should have a tracking error of 5 basis points or less, but a Morningstar survey found an average of 38 basis points across all index funds.[29]
Diversification[edit]
Main article: Diversification (finance)
Diversification refers to the number of different securities in a fund. A fund with more securities is said to be better diversified than a fund with smaller number of securities. Owning many securities reduces volatility by decreasing the impact of large price swings above or below the average return in a single security. A Wilshire 5000 index would be considered diversified, but a bio-tech ETF would not.[30]
Since some indices, such as the S&P 500 and FTSE 100, are dominated by large company stocks, an index fund may have a high percentage of the fund concentrated in a few large companies. This position represents a reduction of diversity and can lead to increased volatility and investment risk for an investor who seeks a diversified fund.[31]
Some advocate adopting a strategy of investing in every security in the world in proportion to its market capitalization, generally by investing in a collection of ETFs in proportion to their home country market capitalization.[32] A global indexing strategy may have lower variance in returns than one based only on home market indexes, because there may be less correlation between the returns of companies operating in different markets than between companies operating in the same market.
Asset allocation and achieving balance[edit]
Main article: Asset allocation
Asset allocation is the process of determining the mix of stocks, bonds and other classes of investable assets to match the investor's risk capacity, which includes attitude towards risk, net income, net worth, knowledge about investing concepts, and time horizon. Index funds capture asset classes in a low cost and tax efficient manner and are used to design balanced portfolios.
A combination of various index mutual funds or ETFs could be used to implement a full range of investment policies from low risk to high risk.
Pension investment in index funds[edit]
Research conducted by the World Pensions Council (WPC) suggests that up to 15% of overall assets held by large pension funds and national social security funds are invested in various forms of passive strategies including index funds- as opposed to the more traditional actively managed mandates that still constitute the largest share of institutional investments[33] The proportion invested in passive funds varies widely across jurisdictions and fund type[33][34]
The relative appeal of index funds, ETFs and other index-replicating investment vehicles has grown rapidly[35] for various reasons ranging from disappointment with underperforming actively managed mandates[33] to the broader tendency towards cost reduction across public services and social benefits that followed the 2008-2012 Great Recession.[36] Public-sector pensions and national reserve funds have been among the early adopters of index funds and other passive management strategies.[34][36]
Comparison of index funds with index ETFs[edit]
In the United States, mutual funds price their assets by their current value every business day, usually at 4:00 p.m. Eastern time, when the New York Stock Exchange closes for the day.[37] Index ETFs, in contrast, are priced during normal trading hours, usually 9:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Eastern time. Index ETFs are also sometimes weighted by revenue rather than market capitalization.[38]
U.S. capital gains tax considerations[edit]
U.S. mutual funds are required by law to distribute realized capital gains to their shareholders. If a mutual fund sells a security for a gain, the capital gain is taxable for that year; similarly a realized capital loss can offset any other realized capital gains.
Scenario: An investor entered a mutual fund during the middle of the year and experienced an overall loss for the next 6 months. The mutual fund itself sold securities for a gain for the year, therefore must declare a capital gains distribution. The IRS would require the investor to pay tax on the capital gains distribution, regardless of the overall loss.
A small investor selling an ETF to another investor does not cause a redemption on ETF itself; therefore, ETFs are more immune to the effect of forced redemptions causing realized capital gains.
See also[edit]
Exchange-traded fund
Passive management
Stock market index
Enhanced indexing
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Reasonable Investor(s), Boston University Law Review, available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2579510
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Index Funds
Jump up ^ S&P Dow Jones Indices
Jump up ^ 2014 Investment Company Fact Book
Jump up ^ Fox, Justin (2011). "Chapter 7: Jack Bogle takes on the performance cult (and wins)". The Myth of the Rational Market. USA: HarperCollins. pp. 111–112. ISBN 978-0-06-059903-4.
Jump up ^ Burton Malkiel (1973). A Random Walk Down Wall Street. W. W. Norton. pp. 226–7. ISBN 0-393-05500-0.
Jump up ^ Bogle, John (1950–1951). "Senior Thesis,"The Economic Role of the Investment Company"". Princeton University Library.
Jump up ^ Bogle, John (2006). "The First Index Mutual Fund: A History of Vanguard Index Trust and the Vanguard Index Strategy". Bogle Financial Center.
Jump up ^ Ferri, Richard (2006-12-22). "All About Index Funds". McGraw-Hill.
Jump up ^ Bogle, John. Common Sense on Mutual Funds.
Jump up ^ "How This Man Manages $69 Billion". Fortune. 1989.
Jump up ^ Grossman and Stiglitz (1980)
Jump up ^ Jensen (1978)
Jump up ^ Burton G. Malkiel, A Random Walk Down Wall Street, W. W. Norton, 1996, ISBN 0-393-03888-2
Jump up ^ Index Fund Advisors
^ Jump up to: a b "High-Frequency Firms Tripled Trades in Stock Rout, Wedbush Says". Bloomberg/Financial Advisor. August 12, 2011. Retrieved 26 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Siedle, Ted (March 25, 2013). "Americans Want More Social Security, Not Less". Forbes. Retrieved 26 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Amery, Paul (November 11, 2010). "Know Your Enemy". IndexUniverse.eu. Retrieved 26 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Salmon, Felix (July 18, 2012). "What's driving the Total Return ETF?". Reuters. Retrieved 26 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Petajisto, Antti (2011). "The index premium and its hidden cost for index funds" (PDF). Journal of Empirical Finance. 18: 271–288. doi:10.1016/j.jempfin.2010.10.002. Retrieved 26 March 2013.
Jump up ^ "Understanding index front running". The Trade Magazine. The TRADE Ltd. Retrieved 2009-03-24.
Jump up ^ https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-07-07/the-hugely-profitable-wholly-legal-way-to-game-the-stock-market
Jump up ^ Rekenthaler, John (February–March 2011). "The Weighting Game, and Other Puzzles of Indexing" (PDF). Morningstar Advisor. pp. 52–56. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 July 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Donnelly, Katelyn Rae; Edward Tower (2009). "Chapter VIII. Time-zone arbitrage in United States mutual funds: Damaging to financial integration between the United States, Asia and Europe?". Challenges and Opportunities for Trade and Financial Integration in Asia and the Pacific (PDF). Studies in Trade and Investment 67. New York: United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. pp. 134–165. ISSN 1020-3516.
Jump up ^ "Market Reactions to Changes in the S&P 500 Index: An Industry Analysis" (PDF). Retrieved 2014-07-30.
Jump up ^ "The Price Response to S&P 500 Index Additions and Deletions: Evidence of Asymmetry and a New Explanation" (PDF). Retrieved 2014-07-30.
Jump up ^ Small-Cap Indexing: Popularity Can Be a Pain
Jump up ^ Arvedlund, Erin E. (2006-04-03). "Keeping Costs Down - Barron's". Online.barrons.com. Retrieved 2014-07-30.
Jump up ^ Tergesen, Anne; Young, Lauren (2004-04-19). "Index Funds Aren't All Equal". BusinessWeek. McGraw-Hill Companies. Retrieved 2007-02-20.
Jump up ^ Bogle, John C. (2004-04-13). "As The Index Fund Moves from Heresy to Dogma . . . What More Do We Need To Know?". The Gary P. Brinson Distinguished Lecture. Bogle Financial Center. Retrieved 2007-02-20.
Jump up ^ "Practice Essentials - Equal Weight Indexing" (PDF). S&P Dow Jones Indices.
Jump up ^ Gale, Martin. "Building a Globally Efficient Equity Portfolio with Exchange Traded Funds". Retrieved 2008-01-08.
^ Jump up to: a b c Rachael Revesz (27 Nov 2013). "Why Pension Funds Won't Allocate 90 Percent To Passives". Journal of Indexes - ETF.com. Retrieved June 7, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Chris Flood (11 May 2014). "Alarm Bells Ring for Active Fund Managers". FT fm. Retrieved June 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ Mike Foster (6 June 2014). "Institutional Investors Look to ETFs". Financial News. Archived from the original on 15 July 2014. Retrieved June 7, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Rachael Revesz (7 May 2014). "UK Govt. Leading Way For Pensions Using Passives". Journal of Indexes - ETF.com. Retrieved June 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Frequently Asked Questions About Mutual Fund Share Pricing". Investment Company Institute. Archived from the original on October 26, 2008. Retrieved 2009-03-24.
Jump up ^ "ETFs". Retrieved 2013-05-09.
John Bogle, Bogle on Mutual Funds: New Perspectives for the Intelligent Investor, Dell, 1994, ISBN 0-440-50682-4
Mark T. Hebner, Foreword by Harry Markowitz, Index Funds: The 12-Step Recovery Program for Active Investors, IFA Publishing; Updated and Revised, 2015, ISBN 0976802317
Taylor Larimore, Mel Lindauer, Michael LeBoeuf, The Bogleheads' Guide to Investing, Wiley, 2006, ISBN 0-471-73033-5
From Berkshire Hathaway 2004 Annual Report; see Wikiquotes for text.
External links[edit]
Is Stock Picking Declining Around the World? The article argues that there is a move towards indexing.
The Lowdown on Index Funds Investopedia's introduction to Index Funds
False Discoveries in Mutual Fund Performance: Measuring Luck in Estimated Alphas Evidence that stock selection is not a viable investing strategy.
The Prescient Are Few - ..."the number of funds that have beaten the market over their entire histories is so small that the False Discovery Rate test can’t eliminate the possibility that the few that did were merely false positives" — just lucky, in other words.
Largest index funds in terms of assets under management
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Tracy McGrady
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 7 December 2017.
Jump to: navigation, search
Tracy McGrady
McGrady with the Rockets in 2006
Personal information
Born
(1979-05-24) May 24, 1979 (age 38)
Bartow, Florida
Nationality
American
Listed height
6 ft 8 in (2.03 m)
Listed weight
210 lb (95 kg)
Career information
High school
Auburndale (Auburndale, Florida)
Mount Zion Christian Academy
(Durham, North Carolina)
NBA draft
1997 / Round: 1 / Pick: 9th overall
Selected by the Toronto Raptors
Playing career
1997–2013
Position
Shooting guard / Small forward
Number
1, 3, 9
Career history
1997–2000
Toronto Raptors
2000–2004
Orlando Magic
2004–2010
Houston Rockets
2010
New York Knicks
2010–2011
Detroit Pistons
2011–2012
Atlanta Hawks
2012–2013
Qingdao DoubleStar Eagles
2013
San Antonio Spurs
Career highlights and awards
7× NBA All-Star (2001–2007)
2× All-NBA First Team (2002, 2003)
3× All-NBA Second Team (2001, 2004, 2007)
2× All-NBA Third Team (2005, 2008)
2× NBA scoring champion (2003, 2004)
NBA Most Improved Player (2001)
CBA All-Star (2013)
No. 1 retired by Qingdao DoubleStar Eagles
Mr. Basketball USA (1997)
McDonald's All-American (1997)
Career statistics
Points
18,381 (19.6 ppg)
Rebounds
5,276 (5.6 rpg)
Assists
4,161 (4.4 apg)
Stats at Basketball-Reference.com
Basketball Hall of Fame as player
Medals[hide]
Men's basketball
Representing United States
FIBA Americas Championship
2003 San Juan Team competition
Tracy Lamar McGrady Jr. (born May 24, 1979) is an American retired professional basketball player who is best known for his career in the National Basketball Association (NBA), where he played as both a shooting guard and small forward. McGrady is a seven-time NBA All-Star, seven-time All-NBA selection, two-time NBA scoring champion, and one-time winner of the NBA Most Improved Player Award. He was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as part of the Class of 2017.
McGrady entered the NBA straight out of high school and was selected as the ninth overall pick by the Toronto Raptors in the 1997 NBA draft. Beginning his career as a low-minute player, he gradually improved his role with the team, eventually forming an exciting duo with his cousin Vince Carter. In 2000, he left the Raptors for the Orlando Magic, where he became one of the league's most prolific scorers and a candidate for the NBA Most Valuable Player Award. In 2004, he was traded to the Houston Rockets, where he paired with center Yao Ming to help the Rockets become a perennial playoff team. His final seasons in the NBA were plagued by injuries, and he retired in 2013 following a brief stint with the Qingdao DoubleStar Eagles of the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA) and the San Antonio Spurs.
Since retiring, McGrady has worked as a basketball analyst for ESPN. From April–July 2014, he realized his dream of playing professional baseball, pitching for the Sugar Land Skeeters of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Professional career
2.1 Toronto Raptors (1997–2000)
2.2 Orlando Magic (2000–04)
2.3 Houston Rockets (2004–10)
2.4 Final years and retirement (2010–13)
3 International career
4 Player profile
5 Off the court
6 Career statistics
6.1 NBA regular season
6.2 NBA Playoffs
6.3 CBA regular season
7 Awards and honors
7.1 Orlando Magic franchise records
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Early life[edit]
McGrady was born on May 24, 1979 in Bartow, Florida to Melanise Williford.[1] His father was not a part of his everyday life, so Melanise raised McGrady with the help of her mother, Roberta, in Auburndale.[2] As a youth, McGrady played high school basketball and baseball at Auburndale High School for three years before transferring to Mount Zion Christian Academy in Durham, North Carolina for his senior season.[3] A relative unknown coming out of Florida, he made a name for himself after a strong performance at the Adidas ABCD Camp, an experience that helped McGrady recognize his true talent.[4] He later reflected, "Nobody had a clue who Tracy McGrady was. Sonny Vaccaro gave me that platform, and I played against the best players in the world at that time. I left that camp the No. 1 player in the nation, 175 to No. 1."[5] Behind his leadership, Mt. Zion emerged as the number two-ranked team in the country, and McGrady was named a McDonald’s All-American, national Player of the Year by USA Today, and North Carolina's Mr. Basketball by the Associated Press.[2] Initially, McGrady considered playing college basketball at the University of Kentucky, but he ultimately decided to enter the NBA draft as he was a projected lottery pick.[2]
Professional career[edit]
Toronto Raptors (1997–2000)[edit]
McGrady was selected as the ninth overall pick by the Toronto Raptors in the 1997 NBA draft.[1] For most of the 1997–98 season, he received little playing time, averaging only 13 minutes per game under head coach Darrell Walker.[6] McGrady has described his rookie year as "hell", feeling lonely in Toronto and sleeping for up to 20 hours a day.[7] Late in the season, Walker resigned and McGrady began playing more under new coach Butch Carter, who agreed to increase McGrady's minutes on the condition that McGrady would improve his work ethic.[6]
Before the lockout-shortened 1998–99 season, the Raptors drafted McGrady's distant cousin, Vince Carter.[8] The two became inseparable;[9] teammate Dee Brown once said, "They say they're cousins... But Siamese twins is more like it."[10] By the 1999–2000 season, the duo had developed a reputation for their athleticism, giving memorable performances at the All-Star Weekend Slam Dunk Contest.[7] McGrady, now playing significant minutes, was a contender for the Sixth Man of the Year Award before being elevated to Toronto's starting backcourt in late March.[11] Behind McGrady and Carter's play, the Raptors finished the season with a 45–37 record, qualifying for the playoffs for the first time in franchise history.[7][12] McGrady's final averages were 15.4 points, 6.3 rebounds, 3.3 assists, and a career-high 1.9 blocks per game.[1] In the first round of the postseason, the Raptors were swept by the New York Knicks.[12]
Orlando Magic (2000–04)[edit]
Following Toronto's first-round exit, McGrady became a free agent, signing a six-year, $67.5 million contract with the Orlando Magic.[13] He elected to join the Magic in part because he disliked his secondary role playing behind Vince Carter,[14] in part so that he could return home to Florida, and in part to play with their other newly acquired free agent, Grant Hill.[15] Hill would go on to play in only 47 games total throughout his tenure with the team, forcing McGrady into a larger leadership and scoring role than anticipated.[16]
During the 2000–01 season, McGrady defied the expectations of many,[17] emerging as one of the best players in the NBA, with Milwaukee Bucks General Manager Ernie Grunfeld going so far as to call him "one of the top five talents in the league".[13] McGrady's play earned him his first All-Star Game appearance and, behind averages of 26.8 points, 7.5 rebounds, and 4.6 assists per game, he was selected to his first All-NBA Team, being named to the All-NBA Second Team.[1] He was also voted the league's Most Improved Player.[14] With a 43-39 record, the Magic entered the playoffs as the East's seventh seed, drawing a matchup with the Bucks.[18] In Game 3 of the series, McGrady notched 42 points, 10 rebounds, and 8 assists in a performance that Bill Simmons later called McGrady's "superstar audition tape".[17] Orlando was eventually eliminated by Milwaukee in four games.[19]
McGrady with the Magic in 2002
For the 2001–02 season, McGrady averaged 25.6 points, 7.9 rebounds, and 5.3 assists per game, earning his second All-NBA Team selection, this time to the All-NBA First Team.[1] During that year's All-Star Game, he completed one of the most memorable highlights of his career, throwing the ball off the backboard to himself and completing an alley-oop in traffic.[20] At season's end, the Magic were again ousted in the first round of the playoffs, losing in four games to the Charlotte Hornets.[21]
In 2002–03, McGrady won his first scoring title and, behind averages of 32.1 points, 6.5 rebounds, and 5.5 assists per game, finished a career-best fourth in NBA Most Valuable Player Award voting.[22] ESPN later ranked his season one of the best ever for a perimeter player.[23] In Game 1 of the playoffs, he scored 43 points to help Orlando take an early series lead against the top-seeded Detroit Pistons.[24] The Magic would go on to take a commanding 3–1 lead, and McGrady made headlines when he prematurely assumed that Orlando were guaranteed to advance to the next round, replying in an interview, "It feels good to get in the second round."[25] Despite holding the series lead, the Magic were eliminated in seven games.[26]
The 2003–04 season was a tumultuous one for McGrady; Magic coach Doc Rivers was fired after a 1–10 start to the year and there were reports of friction between McGrady and Orlando General Manager John Weisbrod.[13][27] Throughout the season, Orlando struggled because of a series of injuries, finishing the year with the worst record in the East despite McGrady winning his second consecutive scoring title.[1][28] Late in the season, McGrady scored a career-high 62 points in a winning effort versus the Washington Wizards.[29] His final averages were 28 points, 6 rebounds, and 5.5 assists per game.[1]
Houston Rockets (2004–10)[edit]
On June 29, 2004, McGrady, Juwan Howard, Tyronn Lue, and Reece Gaines were traded to the Houston Rockets as part of a seven-player deal that sent Steve Francis, Cuttino Mobley, and Kelvin Cato to the Magic.[1] In response to the trade, McGrady stated that he was happy with the situation and expressed excitement over the prospect of playing alongside Rocket All-Star center Yao Ming.[30] Shortly after arriving in Houston, McGrady signed a three-year, $63 million contract extension with the team.[7]
The Rockets struggled to begin the 2004–05 season, posting a losing record of 16–17 through their first 33 games.[31] In December, McGrady had one of the most memorable performances of his career, scoring 13 points in the final 35 seconds against the San Antonio Spurs to secure a comeback victory.[32] The sequence included four consecutive three pointers, one of which was part of a four-point play and the last of which was a game-winner in the final two seconds.[32] After the All-Star break, Houston rebounded from their slow start, finishing the season with 51 wins and the third-best record in the West.[31] McGrady's final averages were 25.7 points, 6.2 rebounds, and 5.7 assists per game.[1] In Game 2 of the first round of the postseason, he had another signature performance, completing a "thunderous" dunk over 7'6" Dallas Mavericks center Shawn Bradley and hitting a game-winner for a 113–111 victory.[33] The series would go to a decisive Game 7, where McGrady came out cold, missing his first seven shots en route to a 40-point loss.[34]
McGrady isolates against Caron Butler in 2006
The 2005–06 season was a disappointing one for the Rockets, as McGrady appeared in only 47 games due to injury.[1] At various points during the year, he missed time due to back spasms, including a moment in January where he had to be carried off the court in a stretcher due to a severe flare up.[35] Despite his health concerns, McGrady was able to play in that year's All-Star Game in front of his home crowd in Houston, exploding for 36 points in just 27 minutes.[17] For the season, he averaged 24.4 points and 6.5 rebounds per game.[1] Due in part to his frequent absences, the Rockets failed to qualify for the playoffs.[36]
Early in the 2006–07 season, McGrady missed seven games, again because of back spasms, eventually deciding to visit a doctor and receive treatment for the injury as he felt that it was affecting his speed and explosiveness.[37] His health issues and the ascension of Yao Ming, who was having a breakout season, resulted in McGrady temporarily becoming the team's second scoring option.[38] His final averages were 24.6 points, 5.3 rebounds, and 6.5 assists per game.[1] To open the playoffs, the Rockets were matched up the Utah Jazz.[39] By this time, pressure had started to mount on McGrady to lead the team deep into the postseason, to which he responded, "If we don’t get out of the first round, it’s on me!"[40] Houston would eventually lose the series in seven games, and at his postgame press conference following the Game 7 defeat, McGrady, still visibly emotional from the loss, said "I tried, man, I tried."[41]
In 2007–08, the Rockets went on a 22-game winning streak, the fourth longest in NBA history, despite missing Yao Ming during that stretch.[42] During their run, McGrady expressed optimism over the team's roster, admitting, "I haven't had this kind of trust in my teammates before."[7] Houston finished the season as the West's fifth seed, earning them a rematch with the Jazz in the first round.[43] By the time the playoffs arrived, McGrady was nursing shoulder and knee injuries, at times requiring him to receive pain-killing injections and have fluid drained from both his shoulder and knee in order for him to be able to play.[44][45][46] The Jazz again eliminated the Rockets, this time in six games, despite a strong 40-point and 10-rebound performance from McGrady in the decisive Game 6.[47]
Following Houston's loss to Utah, McGrady underwent arthroscopic surgery on both his left shoulder and left knee.[48] Early in the 2008–09 season, he missed 18 games, including a two-week stretch in January as his knee was not fully healed from his offseason surgery.[49] On February 24, he had microfracture surgery in Chicago, forcing him to miss the remainder of the year.[46][50] By then, his averages had declined to 15.6 points and 4.4 rebounds per game.[1] In a surprise turn of events, the Rockets qualified for the playoffs without McGrady and advanced to the second round, pushing the eventual-champion Los Angeles Lakers to seven games.[51]
McGrady was still recovering from surgery to begin the 2009–10 campaign.[52] On December 15, he returned to action but was limited to only seven minutes off the bench.[53] After six games, the Rockets decided to shut him down again so that they could focus on trading him to another team.[52]
Final years and retirement (2010–13)[edit]
McGrady with the Knicks in 2010
On February 18, 2010, McGrady was dealt to the Knicks as part of a three-team trade involving Houston, New York, and Sacramento.[54] Two days later, he made his team debut, scoring 26 points in an overtime loss against the Thunder.[55] He would finish the season with averages of 9.4 points, 3.9 rebounds, and 3.7 assists in 26.1 minutes per game.[1] In 2010–11, he signed with the Detroit Pistons and averaged just 8 points per game, and in 2011–12, he signed with the Atlanta Hawks, averaging a career-low 5.3 points per game.[1]
On October 9, 2012, McGrady signed a one-year deal with the Qingdao DoubleStar Eagles of the Chinese Basketball Association.[56] Qingdao finished the season in last place,[57] with McGrady averaging 25 points, 7.2 rebounds, 5.1 assists, and 1.6 steals per game.[58] Shortly after the conclusion of the CBA campaign, he signed with the San Antonio Spurs in time for him to qualify for their playoff roster.[59] The Spurs eventually advanced to the 2013 NBA Finals, losing in seven games to the Miami Heat, which provided McGrady with the opportunity to play his first career postseason minutes outside of the first round.[60]
On August 26, 2013, McGrady announced his retirement from the NBA on ESPN's First Take.[61][62][63]
International career[edit]
McGrady was selected to the United States men's national basketball team for the FIBA Americas Championship 2003 in San Juan, Puerto Rico.[64] On August 22, McGrady led the Americans with 16 points in a 98–69 victory over Venezuela.[65] McGrady sat out the August 26 game due to a back injury.[66] The U.S. qualified for the 2004 Olympic Games on August 30 with an 87–71 win over Puerto Rico, where McGrady was involved in an altercation with Puerto Rico's Eddie Casiano, with fans throwing drinks and debris on the court when it happened.[67] America eventually advanced to the gold medal game, where they defeated Argentina.[68] For the tournament, McGrady averaged 12.6 points and 2.9 rebounds a game on 54.4 percent shooting overall and 42.1 percent three-point shooting.[69]
Player profile[edit]
McGrady shoots over DeShawn Stevenson in 2008
Standing 6 feet 8 inches tall (2.03 m) and weighing 210 pounds (95 kg), McGrady played as a shooting guard and small forward.[1] His career averages were 19.6 points, 5.6 rebounds, and 4.4 assists per game.[70] McGrady earned seven All-NBA honors (2001–05, 2007–08), seven All-Star selections (2001–07), two NBA scoring titles (2003–04), and won the NBA Most Improved Player Award in 2001.[1] He was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as part of the Class of 2017.[71]
McGrady was known for his laid-back demeanor and scoring prowess; he once scored 41 points in a game despite being asleep right until tip-off, a performance that inspired the nickname "The Big Sleep".[72] Many of his contemporaries, including Kobe Bryant and Paul Pierce, have called him one of the most difficult players that they ever had to guard.[73][74] His playing style has been compared to that of George Gervin; both players made scoring appear easy with their "smooth" approach to the game.[72] At his peak, McGrady was an explosive player capable of finishing at the rim over the defense;[75] in a piece for ESPN, Zach Lowe elaborated, "He glided through the lane, crouched into traffic, and accelerated suddenly -- almost violently -- through a forest of slower-moving forms, and to the rim."[76] McGrady would frequently pull up for deep three-pointers over unsuspecting defenders, making him a threat to score from anywhere on the court.[75] These qualities, in addition to his ability to survey the floor and make accurate pocket passes when necessary, have led analysts to describe him as being ahead of his time; in 2017, ESPN's Amin Elhassan remarked that McGrady was built for the style of positionless basketball that was being played in the modern era.[76] On the defensive side of the ball, McGrady's effort was less consistent, but he demonstrated the ability to raise his level in meaningful games, such as during the playoffs against the Mavericks, where he often drew the assignment of guarding Dirk Nowitzki.[7]
During his time as an All-Star, McGrady was frequently criticized for not having led any team beyond the first round of the playoffs.[77] Some analysts have defended McGrady, feeling that he was the victim of bad rosters and unfortunate circumstances.[17] His effort level, leadership, and toughness were also questioned at times.[7] In response to these criticisms, former Rockets coach Jeff Van Gundy described McGrady as a poor practice player but praised his coachability, unselfishness, and ability to perform well in big games.[17]
McGrady is often ranked as one of the greatest basketball players of all-time; The Book of Basketball ranked him 77th,[78] ESPN ranked him 63rd,[23] and SLAM Magazine ranked him 75th.[79] In 2016, Sports Illustrated listed McGrady as one of the 20 best basketball players since the announcement of the original 50 Greatest Players in NBA History in 1996.[80]
Off the court[edit]
McGrady has three children with his wife, CleRenda Harris.[81] Their first son, Laymen Lamar, was born on December 27, 2005 during a home game in Houston, which McGrady left at halftime.[82] Tracy's younger brother, Chancellor "Chance" McGrady, played for the 2008 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball runner-up Memphis Tigers.[83] McGrady and former teammate Vince Carter are distant cousins; after McGrady left the Raptors, they had a feud, but it was resolved in a short period of time.[84]
In 2002, McGrady signed a longterm partnership with Adidas, agreeing to an endorsement deal that lasted through his playing career and beyond.[85] Adidas produced a signature line of shoes for McGrady that Complex remembered as "all the buzz in the early-mid 2000's".[86] Upon retiring, McGrady shifted his focus to his business investments, including Dasdak, a Washington, D.C.-based technology company, and Blue-04, a bottled water company in Florida.[87] He is also part-owner of a Minor League Baseball team set to begin play in Biloxi, Mississippi.[88] Since 2016, he has worked as an NBA analyst for ESPN.[89]
In 2007, McGrady traveled to the Darfurian refugee camps in Chad with John Prendergast and Omer Ismail of the Enough Project.[90] McGrady recruited NBA players to support an initiative linking schools in Darfurian refugee camps to American middle schools, high schools, and universities.[90] During one of his final seasons with the Rockets, he changed his jersey number to #3 in order to promote his humanitarian efforts in the region and a documentary on his summer visit called 3 Points.[91] In 2008, McGrady was criticized for his comments on the All-Star Game being held in New Orleans, only three years removed from the destruction surrounding Hurricane Katrina.[92] McGrady publicly questioned the quality of public safety and protection of NBA players.[92]
On February 4, 2014, McGrady confirmed that he was officially pursuing his dream of becoming a professional baseball player, working with Roger Clemens to become a pitcher for the Sugar Land Skeeters of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball.[93][94] On April 23, McGrady made the Skeeters' Opening Day roster.[95] In his debut, he pitched 1 2⁄3 innings, receiving the loss.[96][97] In July, he started the Atlantic League All-Star Game, where he recorded his first strikeout.[98] After the game, McGrady announced his retirement from baseball.[99]
Career statistics[edit]
Legend
GP Games played GS Games started MPG Minutes per game
FG% Field goal percentage 3P% 3-point field goal percentage FT% Free throw percentage
RPG Rebounds per game APG Assists per game SPG Steals per game
BPG Blocks per game PPG Points per game Bold Career high
* Led the league
NBA statistics per Basketball Reference.[1] CBA statistics per CBA Data Center.[100]
NBA regular season[edit]
Year
Team
GP
GS
MPG
FG%
3P%
FT%
RPG
APG
SPG
BPG
PPG
1997–98 Toronto 64 17 18.4 .450 .341 .712 4.2 1.5 0.8 1.0 7.0
1998–99 Toronto 49 2 22.6 .436 .229 .726 5.7 2.3 1.1 1.3 9.3
1999–00 Toronto 79 34 31.2 .451 .277 .707 6.3 3.3 1.1 1.9 15.4
2000–01 Orlando 77 77 40.1 .457 .355 .733 7.5 4.6 1.5 1.5 26.8
2001–02 Orlando 76 76 38.3 .451 .364 .748 7.9 5.3 1.6 1.0 25.6
2002–03 Orlando 75 74 39.4 .457 .386 .793 6.5 5.5 1.7 0.8 32.1*
2003–04 Orlando 67 67 39.9 .417 .339 .796 6.0 5.5 1.4 0.6 28.0*
2004–05 Houston 78 78 40.8 .431 .326 .774 6.2 5.7 1.7 0.7 25.7
2005–06 Houston 47 47 37.1 .406 .312 .747 6.5 4.8 1.3 0.9 24.4
2006–07 Houston 71 71 35.8 .431 .331 .707 5.3 6.5 1.3 0.5 24.6
2007–08 Houston 66 62 37.0 .419 .292 .684 5.1 5.9 1.0 0.5 21.6
2008–09 Houston 35 35 33.7 .388 .376 .801 4.4 5.0 1.2 0.4 15.6
2009–10 Houston 6 0 7.7 .368 .500 .667 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.3 3.2
2009–10 New York 24 24 26.1 .389 .242 .754 3.7 3.9 0.6 0.5 9.4
2010–11 Detroit 72 39 23.4 .442 .341 .698 3.5 3.5 0.9 0.5 8.0
2011–12 Atlanta 52 0 16.1 .437 .455 .675 3.0 2.1 0.3 0.3 5.3
Career 938 703 32.7 .435 .338 .746 5.6 4.4 1.2 0.9 19.6
All-Star 7 6 24.6 .500 .351 .619 3.0 3.9 1.6 0.4 17.1
NBA Playoffs[edit]
Year
Team
GP
GS
MPG
FG%
3P%
FT%
RPG
APG
SPG
BPG
PPG
2000 Toronto 3 3 37.0 .386 .286 .875 7.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 16.7
2001 Orlando 4 4 44.5 .415 .200 .816 6.5 8.3 1.8 1.3 33.8
2002 Orlando 4 4 44.5 .462 .313 .739 6.3 5.5 0.5 1.8 30.8
2003 Orlando 7 7 44.0 .448 .340 .773 6.7 4.7 2.0 0.9 31.7
2005 Houston 7 7 43.0 .456 .370 .824 7.4 6.7 1.6 1.4 30.7
2007 Houston 7 7 40.0 .394 .250 .737 5.9 7.3 0.7 0.9 25.3
2008 Houston 6 6 41.2 .425 .208 .623 8.2 6.8 1.5 0.8 27.0
2012 Atlanta 6 0 15.0 .385 .000 .833 2.8 1.0 0.0 0.3 4.2
2013 San Antonio 6 0 5.2 .000 .000 .000 1.3 1.2 0.3 0.5 0.0
Career 50 38 34.5 .426 .290 .757 5.7 5.0 1.1 0.9 22.2
CBA regular season[edit]
Year
Team
GP
GS
MPG
FG%
3P%
FT%
RPG
APG
SPG
BPG
PPG
2012–13 Qingdao 29 26 33.3 .496 .333 .722 7.2 5.1 1.6 0.6 25.0
Awards and honors[edit]
Per McGrady's Basketball Reference page unless noted otherwise.[1]
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame: inducted on Sept. 8, 2017[101]
2× NBA scoring champion: 2003, 2004
7× NBA All-Star: 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
7× All-NBA:
First Team: 2002, 2003
Second Team: 2001, 2004, 2007
Third Team: 2005, 2008
NBA Most Improved Player Award: 2001
Tournament of the Americas Gold Medalist: 2003[102]
CBA All-Star: 2013
No. 1 retired by Qingdao DoubleStar Eagles: 2015
Mr. Basketball USA: 1997[103]
McDonald's All-American: 1997
Orlando Magic franchise records[edit]
Most points in a game with 62 (March 10, 2004 vs. Washington Wizards)[104]
Most field goal attempts in a season with 1813 (2002–03)[105]
Most free throws made in a season with 576 (2002–03)[105]
Most points in a season with 2407 (2002–03)[105]
Highest minutes per game in a season with 40.1 (2002–03)[105]
Highest points per game in a season with 32.1 (2002–03)[105]
Highest minutes per game in a career with 39.4[106]
Highest points per game in a career with 28.1[106]
See also[edit]
National Basketball Association portal
List of individual National Basketball Association scoring leaders by season
List of National Basketball Association players with 60 or more points in a game
References[edit]
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^ Jump up to: a b c "Tracy McGrady Biography". JockBio. Retrieved 30 April 2017.
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Jump up ^ Stonebrook, Ian. "Tracy McGrady Reflects on adidas ABCD Camp & Playing LeBron on Christmas". Nice Kicks. Retrieved 30 April 2017.
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^ Jump up to: a b MacMullan, Jackie (9 March 1998). "Teaching Tracy New Tricks". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Golliver, Ben. "Remembering Tracy McGrady's Career". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
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^ Jump up to: a b "McGrady named NBA's Most Improved Player". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
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^ Jump up to: a b "McGrady scheduled for season-ending surgery". 23 February 2009.
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^ Jump up to: a b Feigen, Jonathan (1 March 2007). "T-Mac has issues with New Orleans as All-Star site". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 8 March 2011.
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Jump up ^ McGrady's debut with Skeeters a mixed bag of results - Houston Chronicle
Jump up ^ Former NBA star Tracy McGrady makes debut for Sugar Land Skeeters, takes loss
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Jump up ^ "当前位置：CBA数据中心" [Current position: CBA Data Center] (in Chinese). Cbadata.sports.sohu.com. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
Jump up ^ "Tracy McGrady, Bill Self, Rebecca Lobo and Muffet McGraw Headline Class". Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame Official Website. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
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Jump up ^ Flores, Ronnie. "Mr. Basketball USA Tracker week 8". ESPN. Retrieved 30 April 2017.
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^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Orlando Magic Season Leaders". Basketball Reference. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Orlanda Magic Career Leaders". Basketball Reference. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tracy McGrady.
Tracy McGrady's Official Website
Career statistics and player information from NBA.com
Career statistics and player information from Basketball-Reference.com
Career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference (Minors)
Chinese Basketball Association Official Profile And Stats (in Chinese)
Feschuk, Dave (September 13, 2013). "Tracy McGrady wishes he had stayed in Toronto: Feschuk". Toronto Star. Retrieved September 14, 2013.
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Tim Duncan
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Chauncey Billups
Antonio Daniels
Tony Battie
Ron Mercer
Tim Thomas
Adonal Foyle
Tracy McGrady
Danny Fortson
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tracy_McGrady&oldid=814194920"
Categories:
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