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Across the Universe
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This article is about the song. For other uses, see Across the Universe (disambiguation).
"Across the Universe"
Song by the Beatles
from the album No One's Gonna Change Our World
Released
12 December 1969
Recorded
4 February 1968, EMI Studios, London
Genre
Psychedelic folk
Length
3:50
Label
Regal Starline
Songwriter(s)
Lennon–McCartney
Producer(s)
George Martin
No One's Gonna Change Our World track listing
"Across the Universe"
(1) Cilla Black – "What the World Needs Now Is Love"
(2)
"Across the Universe"
1996 US jukebox single of the song, backed with "Two of Us"
Song by the Beatles
from the album Let It Be
Published
Northern Songs Ltd.
Released
8 May 1970
Recorded
4 February 1968, Abbey Road Studios, London, England
Genre
Psychedelic folk
Length
3:47
Label
Apple
Songwriter(s)
Lennon–McCartney
Producer(s)
Phil Spector
"Across the Universe" is a song recorded by the Beatles. It was written by John Lennon and credited to Lennon–McCartney. The song first appeared on the various artists' charity compilation album No One's Gonna Change Our World in December 1969, and later, in different form, on Let It Be, the group's final released album.
Contents
[hide]
1 Composition
2 Musical structure
3 Recording and version history
3.1 February 1968 recordings
3.2 World Wildlife Fund version
3.3 Let It Be version
3.4 Other versions
4 Critical reception and legacy
5 Personnel
6 Covers
7 Notes
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
Composition[edit]
One night in 1967, the phrase "words are flowing out like endless rain into a paper cup" came to Lennon after hearing his then-wife Cynthia, according to Lennon, "going on and on about something". Later, after "she'd gone to sleep – and I kept hearing these words over and over, flowing like an endless stream", Lennon went downstairs and turned it into a song. He began to write the rest of the lyrics and when he was done, he went to bed and forgot about them.
I was lying next to my first wife in bed, you know, and I was irritated, and I was thinking. She must have been going on and on about something and she'd gone to sleep and I kept hearing these words over and over, flowing like an endless stream. I went downstairs and it turned into a sort of cosmic song rather than an irritated song, rather than a "Why are you always mouthing off at me?"[1] [The words] were purely inspirational and were given to me as boom! I don't own it you know; it came through like that.[2]
The flavour of the song was heavily influenced by Lennon's and the Beatles' interest in Transcendental Meditation in late 1967 – early 1968, when the song was composed. Based on this, he added the mantra "Jai guru deva om" (Sanskrit: जय गुरुदेव ॐ) to the piece, which became the link to the chorus. The Sanskrit phrase is a sentence fragment whose words could have many meanings. Literally it approximates as "glory to the shining remover of darkness"[3] and can be paraphrased as "Victory to God divine", "Hail to the divine guru", or the phrase commonly invoked by the late Maharishi Mahesh Yogi in referring to his spiritual teacher, "All glory to Guru Dev".[4]
The song's lyrical structure is straightforward: three repetitions of a unit consisting of a verse, the line "Jai guru deva om" and the line "Nothing's gonna change my world" repeated four times. The lyrics are highly image-based, with abstract concepts reified with phrases like thoughts "meandering", words "slithering", and undying love "shining". The title phrase "across the universe" appears at intervals to finish lines, although it never cadences, always appearing as a rising figure, melodically unresolved. It finishes on the leading note; to the Western musical ear, the next musical note would be the tonic and would therefore sound complete.
In his 1970 interview with Rolling Stone, Lennon referred to the song as perhaps the best, most poetic lyric he ever wrote: "It's one of the best lyrics I've written. In fact, it could be the best. It's good poetry, or whatever you call it, without chewin' it. See, the ones I like are the ones that stand as words, without melody. They don't have to have any melody, like a poem, you can read them."[5]
Musical structure[edit]
On a standard-tuned guitar (EADGBE) the song is played in the key of D; however, the recording was slowed electronically, resulting in a lower C# tuning to the ear. The verse beginning "Words are flowing out" (I (D) chord) is notable for a prolonged vi (Bm)–iii (F#m) to ii7 (Em7) minor drop to the dominant chord V7 (A7) on "across the universe" in the 4th bar.[6] On the repeat of this chord sequence a turn following the ii7 (Em7) through a iv minor (Gm) brings the verse to a close before moving on directly to the tonic on the "Jai Guru Deva Om" refrain. The vi–ii minor drop leading to V had been used earlier in "I Will" (on "how long I've loved you") and George Harrison utilised a shorter vi–iii minor alternation to delay getting back to the dominant (V) in "I Need You".[6] The verse beginning "Words are flowing out like endless rain …" is also notable for the suitably breathless phrasing and almost constant 8th-note rhythm (initially four D melody notes, then C#, B, A, B).[7]
Recording and version history[edit]
Complete recording and mixing history
Date
Activity
4 February 1968 Takes one–two and four–seven recorded. Overdub onto take seven. Reduction into take eight. Overdub onto take eight. Sound effects on takes one–three.[8]
8 February 1968 Overdub onto take eight. Mono mixing from take eight.[9]
January 1969 Overdubs onto take eight. Mono mixing from take eight. Version planned for the album No One's Gonna Change Our World.[10]
2 October 1969 Overdubs onto take eight. Stereo mixing from take eight. Version released on the album No One's Gonna Change Our World and later on Past Masters.[11]
5 January 1970 Stereo mixing from take eight. Version to have been released on 5 January Get Back album.[12]
23 March 1970 Stereo mixing from take eight.[13]
1 April 1970 Reduction into take nine. Overdub onto take nine.[14]
2 April 1970 Stereo mixing from take nine. Version released on the Let It Be album.[14]
February 1968 recordings[edit]
In February 1968, the Beatles convened at the EMI Abbey Road studios to record a single for release during their absence on their forthcoming trip to India. Paul McCartney had written "Lady Madonna", and Lennon had "Across the Universe". Both tracks were recorded along with Lennon's "Hey Bulldog" and the vocal track for Harrison's "The Inner Light" between 3 and 11 February.
The basic track was taped on 4 February. Along with acoustic guitar, percussion and tambura, it featured an overdubbed sitar introduction by Harrison. Two teenage fans, Lizzie Bravo and Gayleen Pease, were invited in off the street to provide backup vocals.
Lennon was still not satisfied with the feel of the track, and several sound effects were taped, including 15 seconds of humming and a guitar and a harp-like sound, both to be played backwards; however, none of these were used on the released version. The track was mixed to mono and put aside as the group had decided to release "Lady Madonna" and "The Inner Light" as the single. On their return from India, the group set about recording the many songs they had written there, and "Across the Universe" remained on the shelf. In the autumn of 1968, the Beatles seriously considered releasing an EP including most of the songs for the Yellow Submarine album and "Across the Universe", and went as far as having the EP mastered.
World Wildlife Fund version[edit]
During the February 1968 recording sessions, Spike Milligan dropped into the studio and, on hearing the song, suggested the track would be ideal for release on a charity album he was organising for the World Wildlife Fund. At some point in 1968, the Beatles agreed to this proposal. In January 1969, the best mono mix was remixed for the charity album.[10] In keeping with the "wildlife" theme of the album, sound effects of birds were added to the beginning and end.[15] The original (mono) mix from February 1968 is 3:37 in length. After the effects were added, the track was speeded up so that even with 20 seconds of effects, it is only 3:49. Speeding up the recording also raised the key to E-flat.[15] By October 1969, it was decided that the song needed to be remixed into stereo. This was done by Geoff Emerick immediately prior to the banding of the album. "Across the Universe" was first released in this version on the Regal Starline SRS 5013 album No One's Gonna Change Our World in December 1969. The January 1969 mono mix was also considered for an aborted "Yellow Submarine" EP and was finally released as part of "The Beatles in Mono" box set in 2009.
This version was issued on four Beatles compilation albums: the British version of Rarities, the different American version of Rarities, The Beatles Ballads, and the second disc of the two-CD Past Masters album.
Let It Be version[edit]
The Beatles took the song up again during the Get Back/Let It Be rehearsal sessions of January 1969; footage of Lennon playing the song appeared in the Let It Be movie. Bootleg recordings from the sessions include numerous full group performances of the song, usually with Lennon–McCartney harmonies on the chorus. To ensure the album tied in with the film, it was decided that the song must be included on what by January 1970 had become the Let It Be album. Also, Lennon's contributions to the sessions were sparse, and this unreleased piece was seen as a way to fill the gap.[citation needed]
Although the song was extensively rehearsed on the Twickenham Studios soundstage, the only recordings were mono transcriptions for use in the film soundtrack. No multitrack recordings were made after the group's move to Apple Studios. Thus in early January 1970 Glyn Johns remixed the February 1968 recording. The new mix omitted the teenage girls' vocals and the bird sound effects of the World Wildlife Fund version. As neither of the Glyn Johns Get Back albums were officially released, the version most are familiar with came from Phil Spector, who in late March and early April 1970 remixed the February 1968 recording yet again and added orchestral and choral overdubs. Spector also slowed the track to 3:47, close to its original duration. According to Lennon, "Spector took the tape and did a damn good job with it".[16]
Other versions[edit]
A previously unreleased February 1968 alternate take of the song (recorded before the master), without heavy production, appeared on Anthology 2 in 1996.[17] This is often referred to as the "psychedelic" recording because of the strong Indian sitar and tambura sound, and illustrates the band's original uncertainty over the best treatment for the song.
The February 1968 master was remixed again for inclusion on Let It Be... Naked in 2003, at the correct speed but stripped of most of the instrumentation and digitally processed to correct tuning issues.
Critical reception and legacy[edit]
Music critic Richie Unterberger of AllMusic said the song was "one of the group's most delicate and cosmic ballads" and "one of the highlights of the Let It Be album".[18] Music critic Ian MacDonald was critical of the song, calling it a "plaintively babyish incantation" and saying "its vague pretensions and listless melody are rather too obviously the products of acid grandiosity rendered gentle by sheer exhaustion".[19]
Lennon himself was unhappy with the song as it was recorded. In his 1980 Playboy interview Lennon says that the Beatles "didn't make a good record of it" and says of the Let It Be version that "the guitars are out of tune and I'm singing out of tune...and nobody's supporting me or helping me with it and the song was never done properly".[20] He further accused McCartney of ruining the song:
“ Paul would … sort of subconsciously try and destroy a great song … usually we'd spend hours doing little detailed cleaning-ups of Paul's songs; when it came to mine … somehow this atmosphere of looseness and casualness and experimentation would creep in. Subconscious sabotage.[21] ”
On 4 February 2008, at 00:00 UTC, NASA transmitted the Interstellar Message "Across the Universe"[22] in the direction of the star Polaris, 431 light years from Earth.[23] The transmission was made using a 70m antenna in the Deep Space Network's Madrid Deep Space Communication Complex, located outside of Madrid, Spain. It was done with an "X band" transmitter, radiating into the antenna at 18 kW. This was done to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the song's recording, the 45th anniversary of the Deep Space Network (DSN), and the 50th anniversary of NASA. The idea was hatched by Beatles historian Martin Lewis, who encouraged all Beatles fans to play the track as it was beamed to the distant star. The event marked the first time a song had ever been intentionally transmitted into deep space, and was approved by McCartney, Yoko Ono, and Apple Corps.[24] (The first musical interstellar message was "1st Theremin Concert to Aliens", section 2 of the Teen Age Message, in 2001.)
The name of Arjen Anthony Lucassen's first solo album Pools of Sorrow, Waves of Joy, released in 1996, comes from a quote of "Across the Universe", which is one of Lucassen's favourite songs.[25] In David Mitchell's novel number9dream (named after another Lennon song), the phrase "words are flowing out like endless rain into a paper cup" is used to express the incoherence of the character Eiji Mitake's words.[26]
Personnel[edit]
No One's Gonna Change Our World/Past Masters version:
John Lennon – vocals, acoustic guitar, electric Leslie-speaker guitar
Paul McCartney – piano[27], backing vocals
George Harrison – tambura, electric guitar
Ringo Starr – maracas, swarmandal, tom-tom drum[28]
Lizzie Bravo – backing vocals
Gayleen Pease – backing vocals
Let It Be version:
John Lennon – lead vocal, acoustic guitar
George Harrison – tambura, sitar
Ringo Starr – maracas, drums
Phil Spector – strings and choir
Let It Be... Naked version:
John Lennon – lead vocal, acoustic guitar, electric Leslie-speaker guitar
George Harrison – tambura
Ringo Starr – tom-tom drum, maracas[28]
Production
George Martin – Hammond organ, producer (original 1968 version)
Phil Spector – producer (1970 version)
Ken Scott, Martin Benge – engineers (original 1968 version)
Jeff Jarratt – remix engineer (1969 No One's Gonna Change Our World version)
Peter Bown, Mike Sheady – recording & remix engineers (1970 Let It Be version)
Personnel per Ian MacDonald[29]
Elements of the performance recorded on 8 February 1968 were replaced by an orchestra and choir recorded on 1 April 1970.[30]
Covers[edit]
There have been several recordings of "Across the Universe" released by the Beatles as well as covers by other artists.[31]
Artist Release Date Album Title Notes
Cilla Black 000000001970-07-03-00003 July 1970 Sweet Inspiration Produced by George Martin
David Bowie 000000001975-03-07-00007 March 1975 Young Americans Backing vocals and guitar by John Lennon
Roger Waters 000000001985-06-12-000012 June 1985 - With Andy Fairweather Low; from a television tribute to John Lennon
Vadim Brodski 000000001986-01-01-00001986 Beatles Symphony
Cyndi Lauper 000000001989-01-01-00001989/000000002009-01-01-00002009 Unreleased / Across the Universe 2009 Version w/ Jake Shimabukuro
Lana Lane 000000001988-11-21-000021 November 1988 Ballad Collection, Vol. 1
Laibach 000000001988-01-01-00001988 Let It Be Vocals by Anja Rupel
Worlds Apart 000000001994-01-01-00001994 Unreleased Recorded for their debut album Together, but never released
10cc 000000001995-01-01-00001995 10cc Alive
Nikolay Rastorguyev 000000001996-01-01-00001996/000000002007-01-01-00002007 Четыре ночи в Москве / Birthday (With Love)
Aine Minogue 000000001997-07-15-000015 July 1997 Between the Worlds Celtic version
Fiona Apple 000000001998-10-13-000013 October 1998 Pleasantville Soundtrack
Rufus Wainwright 000000002002-02-12-000012 February 2002 Poses US Edition bonus track, part of the soundtrack of the film I Am Sam, also played in episode 6 of the science fiction TV series "FlashForward" Used in 2017 on a television advertisement for a Samsung mobile phone.
Verdena 000000002003-06-05-00005 June 2003 B-side
Ben Allison & Medicine Wheel 000000002004-05-24-000024 May 2004 Buzz
Kingdom Come 000000002006-12-20-000020 December 2006 Ain't Crying for the Moon
Jim Sturgess & Joe Anderson 000000002007-09-18-000018 September 2007 Across the Universe Soundtrack From the Julie Taymor musical based on Beatles songs. Also the title for the film.
John Butler Trio 000000002004-08-24-000024 August 2004 What You Want
Seether 000000002008-08-05-00005 August 2008 iTunes Originals – Seether
Justin Mauriello 000000002010-02-06-00006 February 2010 Justin Sings the Hits
Brian Molko 000000002010-07-03-00003 July 2010 Belgium Presidency of European Union
Beady Eye 000000002011-04-04-00004 April 2011 Proceeds go to Japanese Tsunami Relief Recorded at RAK studios on 2 April 2011, performed live at the Japan Disaster Benefit concert on 3 April 2011, and released as a digital download on 4 April 2011 – all proceeds go to the charity.
Bill Frisell 000000002011-09-27-000027 September 2011 All We Are Saying Released on Savoy Jazz records.
Scorpions 000000002011-11-04-00004 November 2011 Comeblack
Denise Ho 000000002012-12-06-00006 December 2012 無臉人演唱會
Hikaru Utada 000000002010-12-09-00009 December 2010 Wild Life (concert) Performed during her final concert aka "Wild Life" followed by her hiatus. Although the song was not officially recorded, it was included on her Wild Life DVD and Blu-ray release on 3 February 2011.
Chris Hadfield and the Wexford Gleeks 000000002013-12-06-00006 December 2013 CBC Sounds of the Season Live performance on CBC Toronto News
Curved Air 000000002014-03-17-000017 March 2014 North Star
Andrew Huang 20 Nov 2014 Comet Made using sounds from Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
In 2007, Jackson Browne and Robby Krieger of The Doors also recorded and released a version of the song.
Additionally, according to the IMDB website, the American band Velvet Revolver, with Slash playing a 12-string Gibson Les Paul, along with other artists, Bono, Norah Jones, Alicia Keys, Tim McGraw, Steven Tyler, Brian Wilson, Alison Krauss on fiddle, Billie Joe Armstrong, and Stevie Wonder, on lead vocals and harmonica, covered the song live as a tribute to the Tsunami Victims at the 2005 Grammy Awards. According to the 5 March 2005 Billboard magazine, the all-star Grammy recording debuted at no. 22 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart as a digital download.
On 3 July 2010 Placebo singer Brian Molko performed this song with a full orchestra in Brussels to celebrate the Belgium Presidency of European Union[32] British band Beady Eye covered the track in 2011 for the British Red Cross Japanese Tsunami Appeal. All profits from the track were donated to the appeal. During their 1981/1982 Time Tour, Electric Light Orchestra covered "Across the Universe" together with "Imagine" and "A Day in the Life" as part of their tribute to John Lennon. Band leader Jeff Lynne had gained most of his inspiration to make Electric Light Orchestra from the works of Lennon both with The Beatles and his solo career and would later produce new songs for The Beatles Anthology albums.[citation needed]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Sheff p. 265
Jump up ^ Sheff p. 267
Jump up ^ "Learn Vedic Meditation". Introtomeditation.com. 15 February 2007. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Woo, Elaine (6 February 2008). "Maharishi Mahesh Yogi; founded Transcendental Meditation movement". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 24 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Across The Universe". The Beatles Bible. The Beatles Bible. Archived from the original on 8 August 2010. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Dominic Pedler. The Songwriting Secrets of the Beatles. Music Sales Limited. Omnibus Press. NY. 2003. p. 76.
Jump up ^ Dominic Pedler. The Songwriting Secrets of the Beatles. Music Sales Limited. Omnibus Press. NY. 2003. p. 538.
Jump up ^ Lewisohn 1988, p. 133.
Jump up ^ Lewisohn 1988, p. 134.
^ Jump up to: a b Howlett 2009.
Jump up ^ Lewisohn 1988, p. 193.
Jump up ^ Lewisohn 1988, p. 196.
Jump up ^ Lewisohn 1988, p. 197.
^ Jump up to: a b Lewisohn 1988, p. 198-199.
^ Jump up to: a b Alan W. Pollack. "Alan W. Pollack's Notes on "Across The Universe"". rug.nl.
Jump up ^ "84 – 'Across the Universe'". 100 Greatest Beatles Songs. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 16 June 2012.
Jump up ^ Lewisohn 1996, pp. 44–45.
Jump up ^ Unterberger 2009.
Jump up ^ MacDonald 2005, p. 276–277.
Jump up ^ Sheff, pp. 266–67
Jump up ^ Sheff, p. 266
Jump up ^ Karimi, Faith. "Will.i.am premieres song – from Mars". CNN.
Jump up ^ NASA 2008.
Jump up ^ MSNBC 2008.
Jump up ^ "Arjen Anthony Lucassen'S Star One Interview". Metalkings.Com. Archived from the original on 26 November 2010. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
Jump up ^ "number9dream". google.co.uk.
Jump up ^ Everett 1999.
^ Jump up to: a b "Let It Be... Naked". Norwegian Wood. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
Jump up ^ MacDonald 2005, p. 276.
Jump up ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 134, 198.
Jump up ^ Allmusic 2009.
Jump up ^ "Brian Molko – "Across The Universe" live [Lyrics Subbed]". YouTube. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
References[edit]
"Across the Universe". Allmusic. 2009. Retrieved 23 June 2014.
Howlett, Kevin (2009). The Beatles in Mono (booklet). The Beatles. Apple Records.
Lewisohn, Mark (1988). The Beatles Recording Sessions. New York: Harmony Books. ISBN 0-517-57066-1.
Lewisohn, Mark (1996). Anthology 2 (booklet). The Beatles. London: Apple Records.
"NASA beaming Beatles tune to the stars". MSNBC. 1 February 2008. Retrieved 26 November 2009.
Everett, Walter (1999). The Beatles as Musicians: Revolver Through the Anthology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-512941-5.
MacDonald, Ian (2005). Revolution in the Head: The Beatles' Records and the Sixties (Second Revised ed.). London: Pimlico (Rand). ISBN 1-84413-828-3.
"NASA Beams Beatles' 'Across the Universe' into Space". NASA. 31 January 2008.
Sheff, David (2000). All We Are Saying. St Martin's Griffin. ISBN 0-312-25464-4.
Unterberger, Richie (2009). "Review of "Across the Universe"". Allmusic. Retrieved 26 November 2009.
Willman, Chris (29 November 2006). "Labor of LOVE". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 29 November 2006.
Further reading[edit]
Lewisohn, Mark (1996). The Complete Beatles Chronicle. Chancellor Press. ISBN 0-7607-0327-2.
Sulpy, Doug; Schweighhardt, Ray (2003). Get Back: The Beatles Let It Be Disaster. Helter Skelter Publishing. ISBN 1-900924-83-8.
Sheff, David (2000). All We Are Saying: The Last Major Interview with John Lennon and Yoko Ono. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-25464-4.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Let It Be
Alan W. Pollack's Notes on "Across the Universe"
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
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The Enemy of the World
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
040 – The Enemy of the World
Doctor Who serial
Salamander attempts to kill the Doctor after gaining access to the TARDIS
Cast
Doctor
Patrick Troughton (Second Doctor)
Companions
Frazer Hines (Jamie McCrimmon)
Deborah Watling (Victoria Waterfield)
Others
Patrick Troughton — Ramón Salamander
Bill Kerr — Giles Kent
Mary Peach — Astrid Ferrier
Colin Douglas — Donald Bruce
George Pravda — Denes
David Nettheim — Fedorin
Milton Johns — Benik
Henry Stamper — Anton
Rhys McConnochie — Rod
Simon Cain — Curly
Carmen Munroe — Fariah
Reg Lye — Griffin the Chef
Christopher Burgess — Swann
Adam Verney — Colin
Margaret Hickey — Mary
Gordon Faith, Elliott Cairnes — Guard Captains
Bill Lyons — Guard on Denes
Andrew Staines — Sergeant to Benik
Bob Anderson — Fighting Guard
William McGuirk — Guard in Corridor
Dibbs Mather — Guard in Caravan
Production
Directed by
Barry Letts
Written by
David Whitaker
Script editor
Peter Bryant
Produced by
Innes Lloyd
Executive producer(s)
None
Incidental music composer
Stock music by Béla Bartók
Production code
PP
Series
Season 5
Length
6 episodes, 25 minutes each
Date started
23 December 1967
Date ended
27 January 1968
Chronology
← Preceded by Followed by →
The Ice Warriors The Web of Fear
Doctor Who episodes (1963–1989)
The Enemy of the World is the fourth serial of the fifth season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which originally aired in six weekly parts from 23 December 1967 to 27 January 1968.
The serial is set in Australia and Hungary in 2018. In the serial, the time traveller the Second Doctor (Patrick Troughton) and his travelling companions Jamie McCrimmon (Frazer Hines) and Victoria Waterfield (Deborah Watling) work with the spies Giles Kent (Bill Kerr) and Astrid Ferrier (Mary Peach) to expose the Doctor's Mexican doppelgänger Salamander (Troughton) as having created natural disasters on Earth.
The story is a break from the monsters and "base under siege" of season five, highlighted by a dual role for lead actor Patrick Troughton.
For decades only Episode 3 of The Enemy of the World was known to have survived erasure, but the five missing episodes were announced as recovered by the BBC on 11 October 2013.[1][2]
Contents
1 Plot
2 Production
2.1 Recovery of the missing episodes
2.2 Cast notes
3 Commercial releases
3.1 In print
3.2 Home media
4 References
5 External links
5.1 Reviews
5.2 Target novelisation
Plot[edit]
This article's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (October 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The Doctor, Jamie and Victoria are enjoying themselves on a beach in Australia in 2018 when the Doctor is subject to an assassination attempt. The controller of the would-be assassins, an agent named Astrid Ferrier, rescues them by helicopter. She takes them to her boss Giles Kent (Bill Kerr). There they learn that the Doctor is the physical double of Salamander, a ruthless megalomaniac who is dominating the United Zones Organisation. Salamander has ascended to power by concentrating and harnessing the sun’s rays to generate more crops, but is set on increasing his power. Kent, who was once Deputy Security Leader for North Africa and Europe, reveals that he had crossed Salamander, who ruined him and removed his various allies. The only remaining Kent ally with any authority is Alexander Denes in Central Europe. When Kent’s home is surrounded by troops led by Security Chief Donald Bruce, the Doctor is persuaded to impersonate Salamander to save his companions and to gather more information on his designs.
Bruce is a bully who intimidates those in his path, but the Doctor’s impersonation is strong enough to persuade him that he is Salamander – even though the real Salamander is supposed to be at a conference in the Central European Zone. Bruce leaves, albeit with suspicion, while the Doctor turns on Kent, realising he called Bruce there himself to test the impersonation. The Doctor is not yet convinced Salamander is a villain, but Kent presses ahead with a plan. Jamie, Victoria, and Astrid are to infiltrate Salamander's retinue while he's still in the Central European zone, via Denes’ support, and gather evidence on Salamander. Meanwhile, Kent and the Doctor will travel to Salamander's research station in Kanowa to gather intelligence there.
The real Salamander warns that a dormant volcano range in Hungary is about to explode. Denes does not believe this is possible and resist the calls to send pre-emptive relief. Jamie, Victoria, and Astrid have by now reached the Central European Zone. Jamie tries to infiltrate Salamander's retinue, while Astrid contacts Denes for a meeting. Jamie manages to get himself promoted to Salamander’s personal staff by preventing a bogus attempt on the Leader’s life, and also ensures Victoria is given a position as assistant to Salamander's personal chef. When Astrid meets Denes she tells him of the two spies who have entered the Leader’s staff.
Salamander now works on Denes’ deputy, Fedorin, to turn him against Denes. Fedorin is a weak man and gives in to Salamander’s blackmail easily, but is scared when he hears the prediction that Denes will soon be killed and Salamander will be asked to take over the Zone following the imminent natural disaster. On cue an earthquake begins as the promised volcanic eruption starts. Donald Bruce arrives but is unable to mention the Salamander in Australia issue before Denes returns to the palace too, blaming Salamander for somehow engineering the volcano. Salamander responds by saying Denes failed to heed his warnings on the volcanoes and is thus negligent and must be removed from office.
Denes is arrested and Salamander now tells Fedorin to poison him before he can be brought to trial and repeat his allegations. When Fedorin fails to do so, Salamander uses the poison on him instead.
Donald Bruce has meanwhile started to have serious suspicions about the situation. He evidently does not trust Salamander, and tries unsuccessfully to get Jamie to explain the Australia incident. Another man with suspicions is Theodore Benik, Salamander’s unpleasant deputy, who has heard from Bruce that Salamander was supposed to be in two places at one time. He visits and intimidates Giles Kent, but the Doctor stays hidden while the unsolicited visitor is there destroying Kent’s property.
Jamie and Victoria meanwhile use their new roles in the palace to get close to Fariah, Salamander’s food taster, hoping to gather information on the Leader’s intentions. Jamie also causes a diversion to try to facilitate a rescue attempt on Denes by Astrid. However, things fall apart and Denes is shot dead. Though Astrid escapes, Jamie and Victoria are arrested. This prompts Bruce to ask Salamander in private about his relationship with Jamie and his presence with him and Kent in Australia – which prompts Salamander to decide to return to Kanowa immediately and unmask the impersonator.
Astrid returns to Australia too and contacts the Doctor and Kent to tell them of the outcome of the botched rescue attempt. Fariah has followed Astrid and makes contact with her, Kent and the Doctor, telling them that Jamie and Victoria have been brought as prisoners to the Kanowa Research Centre. Fariah also hands over the file made by Salamander to blackmail Fedorin – which finally convinces the Doctor of Salamander’s evil. However, before they can act, the building is raided by Benik and his troops and Fariah is killed and the file recovered. The others escape.
Salamander, Benik and Bruce meet at the Centre and realise the severity of the situation. When he is alone, Salamander dons a radiation suit and enters a secret lift, which transports him to a secret bunker. In the bunker are a group of people who believe Salamander has just ventured to the surface of the allegedly irradiated planet to look for food. He claims to have found a safe new food stock to sustain them after their five years below ground. He also urges them to continue fighting the war against the surface by using technology to create natural disasters. Most of the people accept this but one, Colin, urges Salamander to take him to the surface the next time, even though no one who has accompanied Salamander there has ever returned.
When the Doctor and his friends return to Kent’s caravan they are soon discovered by Donald Bruce, who has traced their car.
Bruce affirms he is a servant of the world government, not Salamander, and shows he can be persuaded that the Leader is, in Astrid’s words, a traitor, blackmailer and murderer. The Doctor and Bruce reach a deal: they will travel to the Research Centre where the Doctor will impersonate Salamander to gain more evidence, while Kent and Astrid are kept under guard; but if no evidence is found they will all be arrested for conspiracy. Bruce and the Doctor leave and shortly afterward Kent and Astrid escape their captor by means of a ruse.
In the shelter the promised new food has arrived and the people unpack it. However, one of them, Swann, finds a stray newspaper clipping and realises there is normal life on the surface rather than the continuing nuclear war they had all been told. He confronts Salamander, who agrees to take him to the surface to show him the world is now full of hideous, depraved mutants and their actions in causing natural disasters are helping to wipe them out. Swann is unmoved but agrees to go the surface without revealing his concerns. This incenses Colin, a young man whose request to go to the surface had been denied.
Benik begins to interrogate Jamie and Victoria. Bruce and the Doctor acting as Salamander interrupt him and send him away. The Doctor, pretending to be Salamander, questions his companions and the result further convinces Bruce to trust the Doctor.
In the grounds of the research centre Astrid finds Swann. He has been bludgeoned by Salamander. Before he dies he tells Astrid about his friends in the bunker. She hurries to them, is attacked by the frightened people but Colin stops them. Astrid tells them there is no war,and convinces them of Salamander's treachery.
Meanwhile, Benik, suspicious, speaks to and discovers the guard at the records room has yet to see Salamander emerge. He returns to Bruce and the others, asks for "Salamander's" signature on some papers, and leaves. The papers show a discrepancy in how much food is needed for personnel and how much is coming in.
Bruce and the Doctor have Jamie and Victoria released from the centre and the Doctor instructs them to head back to the TARDIS and wait for him there. He heads off alone and accesses the Records Room, where he impersonates Salamander. A visitor soon arrives – Giles Kent – who has a key to the secret room. In the ensuing conversation with "Salamander", he reveals his true nature.
The arrival of Astrid, Colin and Mary further incriminate Kent, for it was he who took the people down to the bunker in the first place for an "endurance test". Kent and Salamander were allies all along, and the Doctor reveals he had been slow to support Kent because he feared he was being used to topple Salamander for Kent to take over. Kent flees into the cave system beyond the Records Room after they learn the tunnel is planted with explosives.
Donald Bruce tries to break into the records room to help the Doctor. Benik causes trouble and Bruce has him arrested.
Kent encounters Salamander in the tunnels and they argue. Salamander fatally wounds his one-time ally. As he dies, Kent throws a switch blowing up the cave system, causing damage and injury to the station above. Fortunately the people in the bunker survive and Astrid leaves to rescue them.
Salamander shaken and bleeding from the explosion, approaches the TARDIS where Jamie and Victoria wait. They mistake him for the Doctor. Pretending to be shaken, Salamander asks Jamie to use the controls for him. Jamie’s suspicions are proved correct when the real Doctor arrives. There is a struggle, and Salamander uses the controls of the TARDIS, sending it spinning out of control, the door still wide open. Salamander is blown out of the TARDIS and into the vortex. The Doctor, Jamie and Victoria then hang on to dear life as they try to prevent the same fate from happening to them.
Production[edit]
Episode
Title
Run time
Original air date
UK viewers
(millions) [3]
Archive [4]
1
"Episode 1" 23:45 23 December 1967 (1967-12-23) 6.8 16mm t/r
2
"Episode 2" 23:48 30 December 1967 (1967-12-30) 7.6 16mm t/r
3
"Episode 3" 23:05 6 January 1968 (1968-01-06) 7.1 16mm t/r
4
"Episode 4" 23:46 13 January 1968 (1968-01-13) 7.8 16mm t/r
5
"Episode 5" 24:22 20 January 1968 (1968-01-20) 6.9 16mm t/r
6
"Episode 6" 21:41 27 January 1968 (1968-01-27) 8.3 16mm t/r
This was the last story to be produced under the aegis of Doctor Who creator Sydney Newman, who left his position as Head of Drama at the BBC upon the expiration of his contract at the end of 1967. The four key production roles for this story were all taken by men heavily involved in the development of Doctor Who. Author David Whitaker had been the show's first Script Editor; Barry Letts, directing the show for the first time, later became the show's producer (for the majority of the Jon Pertwee era), executive producer, and occasional script writer; Script Editor Peter Bryant became the show's producer from the next story; Innes Lloyd was the show's current producer, but left after this story.[5][6]
Much like the First Doctor serial The Massacre of St Bartholomew's Eve (1966), this serial was influenced by the lead actor's desire to play roles other than the Doctor. Initially, it was planned that Troughton's two characters would meet more than once, but due to the technical complexity, there was eventually only the one confrontation scene, at the story's climax (utilising editing and a split-screen technique). Barry Letts planned six split-screen shots. He called for a matte box to mask half of the camera lens, having read about the technique used for old Hollywood films. The film was rewound after the first take and Troughton was then filmed in his other costume. However, after the first such shot, the camera jammed, and no more split-screen takes were filmed. Later, Letts mentioned this to Derek Martinus, director of the preceding story, who brought Letts up to date with the contemporary technology of filming normally then using an optical printer to combine the material.[5]
Due to British television's shift from 405-line technology to 625-line, in preparation for colour transmissions, going into effect for all BBC shows from 1 January 1968, it was long believed that the switch-over for Doctor Who from 405 lines to 625 came as of Episode 3 of this serial; however, upon the recovery of the other five episodes of the serial, it was discovered that Episodes 1 and 2 were too high-quality to be 405-line broadcasts, and so therefore must have been made at 625 lines prior to the official switchover.[7][8] The now-disproved notion of the switch-over occurring at Episode 3 was most likely due to an error in documentation.[9]
Recovery of the missing episodes[edit]
See also: Doctor Who missing episodes § The Enemy of the World and The Web of Fear
Originally, Episode 3 was the only episode of this story to survive in the BBC archives.[10] On 11 October 2013, the BBC announced that the remaining five episodes had been recovered from a television relay station storage room in Nigeria[11] following search efforts by Television International Enterprises Archive and Philip Morris,[12][13] making the serial complete in the BBC television archives for the first time since the mass junkings of Doctor Who episodes between 1972 and 1978. It was subsequently released at iTunes.[1][2] It is also the second Season 5 serial to be found in its entirety.
Cast notes[edit]
Frazer Hines and Deborah Watling did not appear in episode 4, as they were on holiday.[14]
Commercial releases[edit]
In print[edit]
Doctor Who and the Enemy of the World
Author
Ian Marter
Cover artist
Bill Donohoe
Series
Doctor Who book:
Target novelisations
Release number
24
Publisher
Target Books
Publication date
17 April 1981
ISBN
0-426-20126-4
A novelisation of this serial, written by Ian Marter, was published by Target Books in March 1981, entitled Doctor Who and the Enemy of the World. David Whitaker had been working on his own version of the novelisation at the time of his death.
Home media[edit]
Episode 3 was released on VHS in The Troughton Years. A restored and VidFIREd version was released on DVD in 2004, as part of the Lost in Time boxset. In 2002, a remastered CD version of the audio was released with linking narration by Frazer Hines.[10]
Following the recovery of the remaining episodes, the complete serial was released on iTunes on 11 October 2013. Following its release it shared the top two spots on the iTunes download chart for TV serials with following and also newly recovered serial The Web of Fear, above Homeland and Breaking Bad.[15]
A DVD was released in the UK on 25 November 2013.[1][2] A US release arrived on 20 May 2014.[16][not in citation given]
A Special Edition DVD with audio commentary, interviews, a tribute to the late Deborah Watling, and further remastering of all six episodes was released in the UK on 26 March 2018, in the same year the episode was set.[17]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Berriman, Ian (11 October 2013). "Doctor Who Missing Episodes Returned: Everything You Need To Know". SFX. Bath: Future Publishing Limited. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c "BBC Confirms 9 Lost Troughton Episodes Recovered!". Doctor Who TV. 11 October 2013. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
Jump up ^ "Ratings Guide". Doctor Who News. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Shaun Lyon; et al. (31 March 2007). "The Enemy of the World". Outpost Gallifrey. Archived from the original on 18 June 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b Letts, Barry. "Who and Me". Goodreads.
Jump up ^ "Barry Lets – Who & Me". BBC.
Jump up ^ "My early days at TV Centre". 2010-08-01. Retrieved 2013-12-19.
Jump up ^ "DVD Review: Doctor Who – "The Enemy of the World". 2013-10-18. Retrieved 2018-01-01.
Jump up ^ "Doctor Who: The Search for Missing Episodes". 1996-08-12. Retrieved 2013-12-23.
^ Jump up to: a b "BBC – Doctor Who – Classic Series – Photonovels – The Enemy of the World".
Jump up ^ "Lost Doctor Who found in Nigeria station storeroom". 11 October 2013. Archived from the original on 22 November 2013. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
Jump up ^ Jefferies, Mark (22 July 2014). "Doctor Who missing episodes: Recovery expert hints more lost episodes set to be returned". Mirror. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Enemy of the World & The Web of Fear – Found!!". Doctor Who Magazine. 11 October 2013. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "BBC – Doctor Who Classic Episode Guide – The Enemy of the World – Details". bbc.co.uk.
Jump up ^ "Lost Doctor Who episodes become iTunes best-sellers". Seenit.co.uk. London: MayorWatch Publications Limited. 11 October 2013. Retrieved 2013-10-22.
Jump up ^ "Doctor Who DVD news: Announcement for Doctor Who – Story #040: The Enemy of the World". TVShowsOnDVD.com. 25 May 2007. Archived from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
Jump up ^ "Doctor Who News: The Enemy of the World – Special Edition". Doctor Who News. 7 February 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Second Doctor
The Enemy of the World at BBC Online
Photonovel of The Enemy of the World on the BBC website
The Enemy of the World at Doctor Who: A Brief History of Time (Travel)
The Enemy of the World at the Doctor Who Reference Guide
Doctor Who Locations – The Enemy of the World
Reviews[edit]
The Enemy of the World reviews at Outpost Gallifrey
The Enemy of the World reviews at The Doctor Who Ratings Guide
Target novelisation[edit]
Doctor Who and the Enemy of the World reviews at The Doctor Who Ratings Guide
Doctor Who and the Enemy of The World title listing at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
On Target — Doctor Who and the Enemy of the World[permanent dead link]
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