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Table of keyboard shortcuts
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For keyboard shortcuts in Wikipedia, see Wikipedia:Keyboard shortcuts.
In computing, a keyboard shortcut is a sequence or combination of keystrokes on a computer keyboard which invokes commands in software.
Most keyboard shortcuts require the user to press a single key or a sequence of keys one after the other. Other keyboard shortcuts require pressing and holding several keys simultaneously (indicated in the tables below by this sign: +). Keyboard shortcuts may depend on the keyboard layout (localization).
Contents
[hide]
1 Comparison of keyboard shortcuts
1.1 General shortcuts
1.1.1 Navigation
1.1.2 Power management
1.1.3 Screenshots
1.2 Text editing
1.2.1 Text formatting
1.3 Browsers / Go menu
1.3.1 Web browsers
1.3.2 Tab management
1.4 Window management
1.5 User interface navigation (widgets and controls)
1.6 Command line shortcuts
1.7 Accessibility
2 See also
3 Notes
4 References
5 External links
Comparison of keyboard shortcuts[edit]
Main article: Keyboard shortcut
Keyboard shortcuts are a common aspect of most modern operating systems and associated software applications. Their use is pervasive enough that some users consider them an important element of their routine interactions with a computer. Whether used as a matter of personal preference or for adaptive technology, the pervasiveness of common conventions enables the comparison of keyboard shortcuts across different system comparisons in widely used operating systems.
General shortcuts[edit]
A note regarding KDE's shortcuts is that they can be changed and the below list contains the defaults. Some of the combinations are not true for localized versions of operating systems. For example, in a non-English version of Windows, the Edit menu is not always bound to the E shortcut. Furthermore, many shortcuts (such as Ctrl+Z, Alt+E, etc.) are just common conventions and are not handled by the operating system. Whether such commands are implemented (or not) depends on how an actual application program (such as an editor) is written. Not all applications follow (all of) these conventions, so if it doesn't work, it isn't compatible.
Action
Windows
macOS[notes 1]
KDE / GNOME
Emacs
Vim
File menu
Alt+F, or F10 then F Ctrl+F2, then F [notes 2] Alt+F Meta+`, then f Alt+f (gvim)
or Ctrl+e (vim + NERDTree)
Edit menu
Alt+E Ctrl+F2, then E [notes 2] Alt+E Meta+`, then e Alt+e (gvim)
View menu
Alt+V Ctrl+F2, then V [notes 2] Alt+V
Undo the last operation
Ctrl+Z, or
Alt+Backspace ⌘ Cmd+Z Ctrl+Z Ctrl+x, then u or
Ctrl+/ or
Ctrl+_ or
Undo
u
Redo the last operation
Ctrl+Y, or Shift+Alt+Backspace ⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+Z ⇧ Shift+Ctrl+Z, or Ctrl+Y Same as undo, when undo is exhausted, it redoes. Move the cursor after one or more undos, and further undos will be redos. Ctrl+r
Cut the selection and store it in the clipboard
Ctrl+X, or ⇧ Shift+Del ⌘ Cmd+X Ctrl+X Ctrl+w x
or "ax to cut in register "a" or "+x to cut in system clipboard
Copy the selection into the clipboard
Ctrl+C, or Ctrl+Ins ⌘ Cmd+C Ctrl+C Meta+w, or Ctrl+Ins y
or "ay or "+y
Paste contents of clipboard at cursor
Ctrl+V,or ⇧ Shift+Ins ⌘ Cmd+V Ctrl+V Ctrl+y, or ⇧ Shift+Ins p
or "ap to paste the content of the "a" register or "+p to paste the content of the system clipboard
Paste special
Ctrl+Alt+V Shift+Opt+Cmd+V Ctrl+⇧ Shift+V Meta+y
Select all in focused control or window
Ctrl+A ⌘ Cmd+A Ctrl+A Ctrl+x, then h ggVG, unlikely ever needed as most command take an optional range parameter. % means "all in focused windows" here so e.g. to copy all the text, use :%y
Cycle through installed keyboard languages / input methods
⇧ Shift+Alt, or ⊞ Win+Space
The latter displays a menu with the currently selected input method highlighted, and debuted in Windows 8.
Cmd+Space (not MBR)
Configure desired keypress in Keyboard and Mouse Preferences, Keyboard Shortcuts, Select the next source in Input menu.[1]
Ctrl+Alt+K via KDE Keyboard
⇧ Shift+Alt in GNOME
Ctrl+\
Navigation[edit]
Action
Windows
macOS[notes 1]
KDE/GNOME
New browser window with same page as current
Ctrl+N
(for both explorer.exe and iexplore.exe) Ctrl+N
New folder
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+N ⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+N Ctrl+⇧ Shift+N
Applications menu
⊞ Win or
Ctrl+Esc Ctrl+F2, then "n"
[notes 2] Alt+"n"
e.g. for _File_ Alt+F
Lock desktop
⊞ Win+L[2] Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Eject or MBR Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Pwr
(If "Require password after sleep or screen saver" is enabled in "System Preferences — Security & Privacy")
Ctrl+Alt+L
Show desktop
⊞ Win+D F11 Ctrl+Alt+D
Minimize all windows
⊞ Win+M, then use ⊞ Win+⇧ Shift+M to bring back all windows)
Log out user
⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+Q Ctrl+Alt+Delete
Switch active user
⊞ Win+L[notes 3]
Task manager
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Esc,
Ctrl+Alt+Delete[notes 4] Alt+⌘ Cmd+Esc Ctrl+Esc
Rename object
F2 ↵ Enter or F2 F2
Open file or program
↵ Enter or ⇧ Shift+↵ Enter ⌘ Cmd+O or ⌘ Cmd+↓ ↵ Enter
Switch window (next/previous)
Alt+Tab ↹ /
⇧ Shift+Alt+Tab ↹
⌘ Cmd+Tab ↹ /
⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+Tab ↹
Ctrl+Tab ↹ /
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Tab ↹
Switch window without dialog (next/previous)
Alt+Esc /
⇧ Shift+Alt+Esc
Only works within single Applications
⌘ Cmd+` / ⌘ Cmd+~
Ctrl+Esc /
⇧ Shift+Ctrl+Esc
Run application
⊞ Win, enter executable name or
⊞ Win+R, enter executable name
⌘ Cmd+Space, enter executable name or ⌘ Cmd+↓ Alt+F2, enter executable name
Search
⊞ Win, enter executable name or
⊞ Win+F or F3 ⌘ Cmd+Space /
Alt+F
Power management[edit]
Action
Windows
macOS
KDE / GNOME
Place computer into sleep/standby mode
Windows 10: ⊞ Win+x > u > s
⊞ Win+→+→+↵ Enter (Windows 7)
, Sleep (specific keyboards)
⌥ Opt+⌘ Cmd+Eject Sleep (available on some keyboards, configurable in Control Panel → Power Options → Advanced tab dialog box)
Windows task manager
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Esc Ctrl+⌥ Opt+⌘ Cmd+Eject
(no confirmation, shutdown is immediate)
Ctrl+Alt+⇧ Shift+PageDown
(KDE; no confirmation, shutdown is immediate)
Restart computer
Windows 10: ⊞ Win+x > u > r
Windows 7: ⊞ Win+→+→+↑+↵ Enter Ctrl+⌘ Cmd+Eject[3]
(no confirmation, restart is immediate)
Ctrl+Alt+⇧ Shift+PageUp
(KDE; no confirmation, restart is immediate)
Place display in sleep mode
button on monitor Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Eject
Bring up power/sleep dialog box
⊞ Win+D+release thenAlt+F4 Ctrl+Eject
Screenshots[edit]
Action
Windows
macOS
KDE / GNOME
Save screenshot of entire screen as file
⊞ Win+Print Screen or Print Screen ⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+3 Print Screen set the name and click "Save". GNOME Shell [4]
Save screenshot of window as file
⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+4 then Space Alt+Print Screen set the name and click "Save". [[GNOME]] [4]
Copy screenshot of window to clipboard
Alt+Print Screen Ctrl+⇧ Shift+f5+4 then Space or
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+4 then Space
Alt+Print Screen click "Copy to Clipboard". [[GNOME]] [4]
Copy screenshot of arbitrary area to clipboard
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+4 ⇧ Shift+Print Screen click "Copy to Clipboard". [[GNOME]] [4]
Save screenshot of arbitrary area as file
⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+4 ⇧ Shift+Print Screen set the name and click "Save". [[GNOME]] [4]
Screencasting
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Alt+R
[5] [6]
Text editing[edit]
Many of these commands may be combined with ⇧ Shift to select a region of text.[notes 5]
Action
Windows
macOS[notes 1]
KDE / GNOME
Emacs
Vim
Delete char to the right of cursor
Del or
Fn+← Backspace
Del or
Ctrl or
Fn+← Backspace
Del Ctrl+d x
Delete word to the right of cursor
Ctrl+Del ⌥ Opt+Del or
⌥ Opt+Fn+← Backspace
Ctrl+Del Meta+d dw
(delete space too)
or
de (keep space)
Delete word to the left of cursor
Ctrl+← Backspace ⌥ Opt+← Backspace Ctrl+← Backspace Ctrl+← Backspace or
Meta+← Backspace
dge
(delete space too)
or
db (keep space)
Go to start of line
Home or
Fn+←
⌘ Cmd+← or
Ctrl+A
Home Ctrl+a or
Home
^
(go to first non-space) or
0
(go to column 0)
Go to end of line
End or
Fn+→
⌘ Cmd+→ or
Ctrl+E
End Ctrl+e or
End
$
Go to start of document
Ctrl+Home ⌘ Cmd+↑ Ctrl+Home Meta+< or
Ctrl+Home
gg
Go to end of document
Ctrl+End ⌘ Cmd+↓ Ctrl+End Meta+> or
Ctrl+End
G
Go to previous word
Ctrl+← or
Ctrl+/
⌥ Opt+← Ctrl+← Meta+b or
Ctrl+← or
Meta+←
b or
ge
Go to next word
Ctrl+→ ⌥ Opt+→ Ctrl+→ Meta+f or
Ctrl+→ or
Meta+→
w or e
Go to previous line
↑ ↑ or
Ctrl+p
↑ Ctrl+p or
↑ |k or ↑
k or ↑
Go to next line
↓ ↓ or
Ctrl+n
↓ Ctrl+n or ↓ j or ↓
Go to previous line break (paragraph)
Ctrl+↑ ⌥ Opt+↑ Ctrl+↑
(kword or GNOME) Meta+( or Control+↑ (
Go to next line break
Ctrl+↓ ⌥ Opt+↓ Ctrl+↓
(kword or GNOME) Meta+} or
Control+↓ )
Move the cursor down the length of the viewport
Page Down ⌥ Opt+⇟ or
⌥ Opt+Fn+↓
Page Down Ctrl+v or
Page Down
Ctrl+f or
Page Down
Move the cursor up the length of the viewport
Page Up ⌥ Opt+⇞ or
⌥ Opt+Fn+↑
Page Up Meta+v or
Page Up
Ctrl+b or
Page Up
Find
Ctrl+F ⌘ Cmd+F
⌘ Cmd+E
(Search with current selection)
Ctrl+F
Ctrl+K (GNOME; interactive search)
Ctrl+s /
Go to next search result
F3 ⌘ Cmd+G Ctrl+G (GNOME) or
F3 (KDE)[7]
Ctrl+s n
Go to previous search result
⇧ Shift+F3 ⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+G ⇧ Shift+Ctrl+G (GNOME) or
⇧ Shift+F3 (KDE)[7]
Ctrl+r N
Search and replace
Ctrl+H ⌘ Cmd+F Ctrl+H (GNOME) or
Ctrl+R (KDE)
Meta+% %s/fosh/fish/gc[notes 6]
Search with a regular expression
Ctrl+Meta+s All searches use regular expressions.
Search and replace with a regular expression
Ctrl+Meta+%
Text formatting[edit]
Action
Windows
macOS[notes 1]
KDE / GNOME[8]
Emacs
Vim
Bold
Ctrl+B ⌘ Cmd+B Ctrl+B Meta+o, then b
Underline
Ctrl+U ⌘ Cmd+U Ctrl+U Meta+o, then u
Italic
Ctrl+I ⌘ Cmd+I Ctrl+I Meta+o, then i
Uppercase / Lowercase
⇧ Shift+F3
or
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+A
⌥ Opt+⌘ Cmd+C ⇧ Shift+F3 Meta+u for upper,
Meta+l for lower, Meta+c for capitalized.
gU for upper, gu for lower, ~ to toggle.
Superscript
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+= Ctrl+⌘ Cmd++ (some applications only) Ctrl+⇧ Shift+P[9]
Subscript
Ctrl+= Ctrl+⌘ Cmd+- (some applications only) Ctrl+⇧ Shift+B[9]
Selected text larger/smaller
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+>, Ctrl+⇧ Shift+<
or
Ctrl+[, Ctrl/core+]
⌥ Opt+⇧ Shift+>
⌥ Opt+⇧ Shift+<
Selected text Bullets or Numbered Items
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+L
Insert Linebreak
⇧ Shift+↵ Enter Alt+↵ Enter ⇧ Shift+↵ Enter
Browsers / Go menu[edit]
Action
Windows
macOS
KDE / GNOME
Go to Address Bar
Alt+D or Alt+C or F6
depending on language ⌘ Cmd+L or ⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+G Ctrl+L or Alt+D or F6
Go to the previous location in history[10]
Alt+← or ← Backspace ⌘ Cmd+[ or ⌘ Cmd+← Alt+←
Go to the next location in history
Alt+→ or ⇧ Shift+← Backspace (web browser only) ⌘ Cmd+] or ⌘ Cmd+→ Alt+→
Go up one level in the navigation hierarchy
Alt+↑ (Vista, 7 or 8 only) or ← Backspace (Windows Explorer) ⌘ Cmd+↑ Alt+↑
Go to the starting page defined by the user or application
Alt+Home ⌘ Cmd+Home Ctrl+Home (KDE) /
Alt+Home (GNOME)
Web browsers[edit]
Action
Windows
macOS
KDE / GNOME
Emacs-w3m
Vimperator
Bookmarks menu
Ctrl+B ⌘ Cmd+B
(Firefox)
Alt+B v :bmarks
URL Shortcuts (Adds www. + .com)
↵ Enter ⌘ Cmd+↵ Enter (Firefox) or
Ctrl+↵ Enter (Chrome)
Ctrl+↵ Enter
URL Shortcuts (Adds www. + .org)
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+↵ Enter ⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+↵ Enter (Firefox) Ctrl+⇧ Shift+↵ Enter
URL Shortcuts (Adds www. + .net)
⇧ Shift+↵ Enter ⇧ Shift+↵ Enter (Firefox) ⇧ Shift+↵ Enter
Add bookmark for current page
Ctrl+D ⌘ Cmd+D Ctrl+B /
Ctrl+D
a :bmark
Add bookmark for current link
Meta+a
Manage bookmarks
Ctrl+B ⌘ Cmd+⌥ Opt+B (Chrome/Safari) or
⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+B (Firefox)
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+R /
Ctrl+B
Focus and select Web search bar
Ctrl+E ⌘ Cmd+E (Opera) or
⌘ Cmd+K (Firefox) or
⌥ Opt+⌘ Cmd+F (Safari)
Ctrl+k t (open in a new tab) or
T (open in current tab)
Focus and select address bar
Ctrl+L or
F6 or
Alt+D
⌘ Cmd+L Ctrl+L or
Alt+D or
F6
g O to alter URL,
use y to copy it.
Refresh a webpage
F5 or
Ctrl+R
⌘ Cmd+R F5 or
Ctrl}+R
R r
Refresh a webpage ignoring cache
Ctrl+F5 or
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+R
⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+R Ctrl+ShiftF5 or Ctrl+⇧ Shift+R R
Open a new window
Ctrl+N ⌘ Cmd+N
(Chrome) Ctrl+N :winopen
Zoom Options
(zoom in /
zoom out /
zoom 100%)
Ctrl++ /
Ctrl+- /
Ctrl+0
⌘ Cmd++ /
⌘ Cmd+- /
⌘ Cmd+0
Ctrl++ /
Ctrl+- /
Ctrl+0
zi / zo / zz (text only)
or zI / zO / zZ (text and images)
Tab management[edit]
Action
Windows
macOS
KDE / GNOME
Emacs-w3m
Vimperator
New tab
Ctrl+T ⌘ Cmd+T Ctrl+⇧ Shift+N or
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+T or
Ctrl+T
Ctrl+c, then Ctrl+t t
Close tab
Ctrl+W ⌘ Cmd+W Ctrl+W Mozilla Firefox[11] & Opera [12] & Chrome [13] & Arora [14] & Epiphany [15] & Midori
Ctrl+F4 Mozilla Firefox [11] & Opera [12] & Chrome [13] & Arora [14]
d
Close all tabs but the current one
⌘ Cmd+⌥ Opt+t (Safari) Ctrl+c, then Meta+w
Go to next tab
Ctrl+Tab ↹ Ctrl+tab or
⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+→ (Safari)
Ctrl+PageDown or
Ctrl+Tab ↹ or
Ctrl+.
Ctrl+c, then Ctrl+n gt
Go to previous tab
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Tab ↹ ⇧ Shift+Ctrl+Tab ↹ or
⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+← (Safari)
Ctrl+PageUp or
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Tab ↹
or Ctrl+,
Ctrl+c, then Ctrl+p gT
Go to tab-n
Ctrl+n
(Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer) ⌘ Cmd+N (Chrome) Alt+N (Chrome, Firefox) or
Ctrl+N (Chrome)
First tab: g0
Last tab: g$
Open a previously closed tab
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+T ⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+T
(Firefox, Opera, Chrome) Ctrl+⇧ Shift+T
(Firefox, Opera, Chrome)[13][16][17]
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+T (Firefox)[16] u
Open a previously closed window
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+N (Firefox)[16]
Window management[edit]
Action
Windows
macOS[notes 1]
KDE
GNOME
Emacs
Close the current internet tab
Ctrl+w ⌘ Cmd+F11
Force window mode (Application requires functionality for set action)
Alt+↵ Enter ⌥ Option+Alt+↵ Enter or ⌥ Option+Alt+F or ⌘ Cmd+F or ⌘ Cmd+⌥ Option+F
Pop up window menu
Alt+Space Alt+F3 Alt+Space Meta+`, then b
Close the focused window
Alt+F4 or Alt+Space then C[notes 7] ⌘ Cmd+W Alt+F4 Alt+F4 Ctrl+x, then k
Close all windows of current application
⌘ Cmd+⌥ Option+W
Restore the focused window to its previous size
Alt+Space then R[notes 7] Alt+F3 then X Alt+F5 Ctrl+x, then r, then j, then letter of the window state register.
Move the focused window
Alt+Space then M[notes 7] then Arrow Keys and ↵ Enter(to save location) Alt+Mouse /
Alt+F3 then M then Arrow Keys
Alt+Mouse /
Alt+F7 then Arrow Keys
Resize the focused window
Alt+Space then S[notes 7] then Arrow Keys Alt+F3 then S then Arrow Keys Alt+F8 then Arrow Keys Ctrl+x, then ^ vertically
Hide the focused window
⌘ Cmd+H Meta+x, then bury-buffer, then ↵ Enter
Hide all except the focused window
⌘ Cmd+⌥ Option+H
Lower the focused window
Alt+Esc
Minimize the focused window
Alt+Space then N,[notes 7] or ⊞ Win+↓ (Windows Vista Home Premium, Windows >=7) ⌘ Cmd+M Alt+F3 then N Alt+F9 Meta+x, then bury-buffer, then ↵ Enter
Maximize the focused window
Alt+Space then X,[notes 7] or ⊞ Win+↑ (Windows 7, 8, 10) ⌘ Cmd+L Alt+F3 then X Alt+F10 Ctrl+x, then 1
Maximize horizontally
Available, but no default Available, but no default
Maximize vertically
⊞ Win+⇧ Shift+↑ (Windows 7 and Windows 8) Available ('Zoom'), but no default Available, but no default Available, but no default
Minimize all
⊞ Win+M or ⊞ Win+D ⌘ Cmd+Alt+M Available, but no default Ctrl+Alt+D
Minimize all non focused windows
⊞ Win+Home (Windows 7, 8.1, 10) Available, but no default
Undo minimize all
⇧ Shift+⊞ Win+M Available, but no default Ctrl+Alt+D
Switch fullscreen/normal size
F11 or ⊞ Win+⇧ Shift+↵ Enter (UWP apps only) ⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+F F11 F11
Show the window in full screen mode, with no border, menubar, toolbar or statusbar
Depends on application, system default: ⌘ Cmd+CTRL+F Ctrl+⇧ Shift+F Ctrl+F11
Rollup/down window
Available, but no default Alt+F12
Show all open windows
⊞ Win+Tab ↹ F9 or
Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner[18][19]
⊞ Win works per desktop on Gnome 3+ Ctrl+x, then Ctrl+b
Show all windows of current application
⊞ Win+Tab ↹ F3 or
Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner[18][19]
Ctrl+` Ctrl+x, then Ctrl+b
Show all workspaces
⊞ Win+Tab ↹ (only Windows 10) F8 or
Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner[18][19]
⊞ Win then mouse over the desktop bar on the right edge of the screen
Move window to left/right/up/down workspace
⊞ Win+←/→ (Windows 7 and Windows 8) Available, but no default Ctrl+Alt+⇧ Shift+← / → / ↑ / ↓
Move window between multiple monitors
⊞ Win+⇧ Shift+←/→ (Windows 7 and Windows 8)
Move window to workspace n
Available, but no default
Switch to next/previous workspace list
Available, but no default
Go to workspace n
Ctrl+n Ctrl+Fn
Go to left/right/up/down workspace
[notes 8] Ctrl+← /
Ctrl+→ / Ctrl+↑ / Ctrl+↓ (OS X 10.5 to 10.6), Ctrl+← / Ctrl+→ (OS X 10.7)
Available, but no default Ctrl+Alt+← /
→ / ↑ / ↓
Quit application of current window
Alt+F4 or Ctrl+F4 varies[notes 9] ⌘ Cmd+Q[notes 10] Ctrl+Alt+Esc q
Close dialog
Esc (Laptop)
⊞ Win+↓+F4 (Desktop) Esc
Open/Focus (preview) pinned program on the taskbar
⊞ Win+(#) where "#" is the position of the program on the Windows Taskbar (Windows 7 and Windows 8.1)
Open new program window of pinned program in Quick Launch
⊞ Win+(#) where "#" is the position of the program on the Quick Launch toolbar (Windows Vista, 7 and 8.1) ⌘ Cmd+A+⇧ Shift
Open new program window of the pinned program on the taskbar (if program is already opened)
⊞ Win+⇧ Shift+(#) where "#" is the position of the program on the Windows Taskbar (Windows 7 and Windows 8.1)
Focus the first taskbar entry. Pressing again will cycle through them
⊞ Win+T, you can ←→ back and forth. Hold ⇧ Shift to cycle backwards (Windows 7 and Windows 8.1)
Peek at the desktop
⊞ Win+Space (Windows 7 only)
Fn+⊞ Win (Windows 8 and later) F11 or
Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner[18][19]
Bring gadgets to the front of the Z-order and cycle between gadgets
⊞ Win+G (Windows Vista,7) or ⊞ Win+Space (Vista only, no cycling)
External display options (mirror, extend desktop, etc.)
⊞ Win+P (Windows 7, Windows 8 and Windows 10)
User interface navigation (widgets and controls)[edit]
Action
Windows
macOS[notes 1]
KDE
GNOME
Moves keyboard focus to next/previous control
Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+Tab ↹ Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+Tab ↹ [notes 2] Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+Tab ↹ Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+Tab ↹
Ctrl+Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+Ctrl+Tab ↹
Pop up tooltip for currently focused control
⇧ Shift+F1 Ctrl+F1
Show context-sensitive help for currently focused window or control
⇧ Shift+F1 ⌘ Cmd+? ⇧ Shift+F1 ⇧ Shift+F1
Give focus to next/previous pane
Ctrl+F6 / Alt+F6 ⌘ Cmd+` F6 / ⇧ Shift+F6
Give focus to splitter bar in paned window
F8
Give focus to window's menu bar
F10 or Alt ⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+/, then type command name, or
Ctrl+F2 (or Fn+Ctrl+F2 on some keyboards) [notes 2] Alt F10
Pop up contextual menu for currently selected objects (aka context menu)
⇧ Shift+F10 or ≣ Menu Varies with laptop / extended keyboard type; enable Mouse keys in Universal Access, then Function+Ctrl+5 or Ctrl+5 (numeric keypad) or Function+Ctrl+i (laptop) ≣ Menu ≣ Menu or ⇧ Shift+F10
Toggle selected state of focused checkbox, radio button, or toggle button
Space Space Space Space
Activate focused button, menu item etc.
↵ Enter Space (also ↵ Enter for menu items) ↵ Enter ↵ Enter
Expand a drop-down list
F4 or Alt+↓
Select/move to first/last item in selected widget
Home / End Home / End
Scroll selected view by one page up/left/down/right
⇞ / ⇟
(or Fn+↑ / Fn+↓ on some keyboards)
PageUp / Ctrl+PageUp /
PageDown / Ctrl+PageDown
Scroll selected view to top/bottom
↖ or on MacBook Pro Fn + ⌥ Opt + ↖
↘ or on MacBook Pro Fn + ⌥ Opt + ↘
Switch focus to the next/previous tab within a window
Ctrl+Tab ↹ Ctrl+Tab ↹ /
⌘ Cmd+`
Ctrl+Tab ↹ ->
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Tab ↹ <-
Switch focus to the next/previous panel on the desktop
Ctrl+Alt+Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+Ctrl+Alt+Tab ↹
Switch focus to the next/previous panel (without dialog)
Ctrl+Alt+Esc /
⇧ Shift+Ctrl+Alt+Esc
Command line shortcuts[edit]
Below is a list of common keyboard shortcuts that are used in a command line environment.
Action
Microsoft Windows
(cmd.exe)
Microsoft Windows
(Windows PowerShell)
Unix & -like
(bash)
Unix & -like
(POSIX shell)
Scroll through History of typed commands
↑/↓ ↑/↓ ↑/↓ or Ctrl+P/Ctrl+N ESC K / ESC J
Signal end-of-file
Ctrl+Z Ctrl+D
Abort current command/typing
Ctrl+C Ctrl+C Ctrl+C Ctrl+C
Erase word to the left
Ctrl+← Backspace Ctrl+W or Esc+← Backspace
Erase word to the right
Ctrl+Delete Alt+D
Erase line to the left
Ctrl+Home Ctrl+Home Ctrl+U
Erase line to the right
Ctrl+End Ctrl+End Ctrl+K
Yank/paste previously erased string
Ctrl+Y
Move one word to the left (backward)
Ctrl+← Alt+← Alt+B
Move one word to the right (forward)
Ctrl+→ Alt+→ Alt+F
Move to beginning of line
Home Home Ctrl+A
or Home
Move to end of line
End End Ctrl+E
or End
Reverse search of history
F8 F8 Ctrl+R
Stop execution of the current job
Ctrl+Z
Insert the next character typed verbatim
Ctrl+V
Autocomplete command/file name
Tab ↹ (enabled by default in Windows XP and later) Tab ↹ Tab ↹ (usually once) Esc (usually twice)
Paste contents of clipboard at cursor
Alt+Space then E then P ⇧ Shift+Ins
Scroll window up
⇧ Shift+PageUp (may not work in some versions of Windows XP) ⇧ Shift+PageUp
Scroll window down
⇧ Shift+PageDown (may not work in some versions of Windows XP) ⇧ Shift+PageDown
Clear screen
Ctrl+L
Accessibility[edit]
In Windows, it is possible to disable these shortcuts using the Accessibility or Ease of Access control panel.
In GNOME, these shortcuts are possible if Universal Access is enabled.
Action
Windows
macOS
KDE
GNOME
Utility Manager
⊞ Win+U
Use keyboard to control cursor
Left Alt+Left Shift+Numlock [20]
Allow user to press shortcuts one key at a time
⇧ Shift press 5 times ***⇧ Shift 5 times [21]
Hear beep when -lock key pressed
Numlock hold 5 seconds
Stop/slow repeating characters when key is pressed
Right Shift hold 8 seconds ***⇧ Shift hold for 8 seconds[22]
[23][24]
Inverse (Reverse Colors) Mode
Left Alt+Left Shift+PrtScn ⌘ Cmd+⌥ Opt+Ctrl+8 Meta+⇧ Shift+i (if enabled)
Inverse (Reverse Colors) Mode (Only current window)
Meta+⇧ Shift+u (if enabled)
Greyscale Mode
Ctrl + Win + C
See also[edit]
Keyboard shortcut
Microsoft Windows key shortcuts
Common User Access (CUA)
Computer keyboard
Human interface guidelines
Pointing device gesture
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Highlighted shortcuts are from the list of "sacred" keybindings.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Requires full keyboard access active:
 > System Preferences > Keyboard > Keyboard Shortcuts > Full Keyboard Access > All Controls
Alternatively use Ctrl+F7 to toggle this setting.
Jump up ^ Takes you to the "Switch User" screen when Fast User Switching has been enabled (enabled by default in XP).
Jump up ^ Shows task manager in Windows XP if the welcome screen is enabled. Otherwise displays an NT-style menu, with the option of launching the task manager; likewise for Vista.
Jump up ^ For the concept of "selected text" see also X Window selection
Jump up ^ In whole document (%), substitute (s) fosh by fish, don't stop at one substitution per line (g) and ask for confirmation for each substitution (c).
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f In Microsoft Windows, all shortcuts with Alt+Space followed by another key are language dependent. The Alt+Space combination opens the window menu, and the following key selects from the menu. As the menu labels (and their underlined hotkeys) vary with the Windows system language, the hotkeys are different for international versions of Microsoft Windows, and may change if users change their Windows system language preference. The given examples are valid for English user preferences/version of Windows.
Jump up ^ The WinSplit window manager application for Windows knows to emulate this behaviour.
Jump up ^ There is no single consistent shortcut for closing a document or quitting an application in Windows XP. In many multiple document interface applications, Ctrl+W or Ctrl+F4 closes a document and Alt+F4 quits. In other applications where each document is in its own window, such as later versions of Microsoft Word, Ctrl+W, Ctrl+F4, and Alt+F4 close a document, and there is no consistent shortcut for quitting an application.
Jump up ^ macOS uses ⌘ Cmd+W Close (window), ⌘ Cmd+Q Quit (application) and ⌘ Cmd+⌥ Opt+Esc Force Quit (application). Quit is closest to Kill.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Mac 101: Set your preferences". Article: HT2490. Apple Inc. 2010-10-22. Retrieved 2010-11-03.
Jump up ^ Singh, Swapnil (2012-02-08). "10 Cool Windows Shortcuts You Need to Know". Tricktactoe.com. Retrieved 2012-09-20.
Jump up ^ "Mac OS X keyboard shortcuts". Article: HT1343. Apple Inc. 2010-10-29. Retrieved 2010-11-03.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Taking Screenshots". User Guide 2.32. The GNOME Project. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "Screencast Recording". GNOME Cheat Sheet. The GNOME Project. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
Jump up ^ "Screen Shot Record". GNOME Help Guide. The GNOME Project. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "HIG/Keyboard Shortcuts". KDE Techbase. KDE. 2009-06-03. Retrieved 2012-03-08.
Jump up ^ "Appendix A — Keyboard Shortcuts". Libre Office Documentation. The Document Foundation. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b community.linuxmint.com. "OpenOffice.org and LibreOffice Keyboard Shortcuts — Linux Mint Community". Community.linuxmint.com. Retrieved 2012-09-20.
Jump up ^ "Browser Shortcuts". Mirus IT. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Keyboard shortcuts — Perform common Firefox tasks quickly | Firefox Help". Support.mozilla.org. Retrieved 2012-09-20.
^ Jump up to: a b "Opera Help: Keyboard Shortcuts". Help.opera.com. Retrieved 2012-09-20.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Linux keyboard shortcuts — Google Chrome Help". Support.google.com. Retrieved 2012-09-20.
^ Jump up to: a b "DefaultKeyboardShortcuts — arora — The Default Keyboard Shortcuts in Arora (Non-Mac Keyboard) - Cross Platform WebKit Browser — Google Project Hosting". Code.google.com. 2010-06-19. Retrieved 2012-09-20.
Jump up ^ "Shortcuts". Library.gnome.org. Retrieved 2012-09-20.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Keyboard shortcuts — Perform common Firefox tasks quickly | Firefox Help". Support.mozilla.org. Retrieved 2012-09-20.
Jump up ^ "Opera Help: Keyboard Shortcuts". Help.opera.com. Retrieved 2012-09-20.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Mac OS X 10.6 Help: Using a screen saver". Docs.info.apple.com. Retrieved 2011-01-03.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Mac OS X 10.4 Help: Setting a hot corner for Dashboard". Docs.info.apple.com. Retrieved 2011-01-03.
Jump up ^ "Click and Move Mouse Pointer Using the Keypad". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
Jump up ^ "Turn on Sticky Keys". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
Jump up ^ "Turn On Slow Keys". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
Jump up ^ "Turn Off Repeated Key Presses". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
Jump up ^ "Turn On Bounce Keys". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
External links[edit]
General
Firefox browser keyboard shortcuts
macOS
Mac OS X keyboard shortcuts
Mac Keyboard Shortcuts
Contacts Keyboard Shortcuts
Mail (Mountain Lion) Keyboard Shortcuts
Messages (Yosemite) Keyboard Shortcuts
General Windows Applications
Microsoft Support, Keyboard Shortcuts for Windows
Windows Keyboard Shortcuts
Linux/GNU
GNOME
Useful keyboard shortcuts
Keyboard Navigation
Set Keyboard Shortcuts
Universal Access
Usage
Keyboard Interaction
http://library.gnome.org/users/gnome-help/unstable/* for the latest documentation of unstable
KDE
KDE Fundamentals: Common Keyboard Shortcuts
KDE Community Wiki: KDE Visual Design Group/HIG/Keyboard Shortcuts
Office Suites
OpenOffice.org/LibreOffice
OpenOffice.org and LibreOffice Keyboard Shortcuts
Web Browsers
Mozilla Firefox for Linux
Keyboard Shortcuts
Google Chrome
Linux Keyboard Shortcuts
Opera
Keyboard Shortcuts
Web (previously Epiphany) official web browser for GNOME
Shortcuts
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Table_of_keyboard_shortcuts&oldid=807562761"
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