text:
Dada
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Dada (disambiguation).
Grand opening of the first Dada exhibition: International Dada Fair, Berlin, 5 June 1920. The central figure hanging from the ceiling was an effigy of a German officer with a pig's head. From left to right: Raoul Hausmann, Hannah Höch (sitting), Otto Burchard, Johannes Baader, Wieland Herzfelde, Margarete Herzfelde, dr. Oz (Otto Schmalhausen), George Grosz and John Heartfield.[1]
Francis Picabia, Dame! Illustration for the cover of the periodical Dadaphone, n. 7, Paris, March 1920
Dada (/ˈdɑːdɑː/) or Dadaism was an art movement of the European avant-garde in the early 20th century, with early centers in Zürich, Switzerland at the Cabaret Voltaire (circa 1916); New York Dada began circa 1915,[2] and after 1920 Dada flourished in Paris. Developed in reaction to World War I, the Dada movement consisted of artists who rejected the logic, reason, and aestheticism of modern capitalist society, instead expressing nonsense, irrationality, and anti-bourgeois protest in their works.[3][4][5] The art of the movement spanned visual, literary, and sound media, including collage, sound poetry, cut-up writing, and sculpture. Dadaist artists expressed their discontent with violence, war, and nationalism, and maintained political affinities with the radical left.[6]
Cover of the first edition of the publication Dada by Tristan Tzara; Zürich, 1917
There is no consensus on the origin of the movement's name; a common story is that the Austrian artist Richard Huelsenbeck plunged a knife at random into a dictionary, where it landed on "dada", a colloquial French term for a hobby horse. Others note that it suggests the first words of a child, evoking a childishness and absurdity that appealed to the group. Still others speculate that the word might have been chosen to evoke a similar meaning (or no meaning at all) in any language, reflecting the movement's internationalism.[7]
The roots of Dada lie in pre-war avant-garde. The term anti-art, a precursor to Dada, was coined by Marcel Duchamp around 1913 to characterize works which challenge accepted definitions of art.[8] Cubism and the development of collage and abstract art would inform the movement's detachment from the constraints of reality and convention. The work of French poets, Italian Futurists and the German Expressionists would influence Dada's rejection of the tight correlation between words and meaning.[9] Works such as Ubu Roi (1896) by Alfred Jarry, and the ballet Parade (1916–17) by Erik Satie would also be characterized as proto-Dadaist works.[10] The Dada movement's principles were first collected in Hugo Ball's Dada Manifesto in 1916.
The Dadaist movement included public gatherings, demonstrations, and publication of art/literary journals; passionate coverage of art, politics, and culture were topics often discussed in a variety of media. Key figures in the movement included Hugo Ball, Marcel Duchamp, Emmy Hennings, Hans Arp, Raoul Hausmann, Hannah Höch, Johannes Baader, Tristan Tzara, Francis Picabia, Huelsenbeck, George Grosz, John Heartfield, Man Ray, Beatrice Wood, Kurt Schwitters, Hans Richter, Max Ernst, and Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven among others. The movement influenced later styles like the avant-garde and downtown music movements, and groups including Surrealism, nouveau réalisme, pop art and Fluxus.
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
2 History
2.1 Zürich
2.2 Berlin
2.3 Cologne
2.4 New York
2.5 Paris
2.6 Netherlands
2.7 Georgia
2.8 Yugoslavia
2.9 Italy
2.10 Japan
2.11 Russia
3 Poetry, music and sound
4 Legacy
5 Art techniques developed
5.1 Collage
5.2 Cut-up technique
5.3 Photomontage
5.4 Assemblage
5.5 Readymades
6 Artists
7 See also
8 References
9 Bibliography
10 External links
Overview[edit]
Francis Picabia, (left) Le saint des saints c'est de moi qu'il s'agit dans ce portrait, 1 July 1915; (center) Portrait d'une jeune fille americaine dans l'état de nudité, 5 July 1915: (right) J'ai vu et c'est de toi qu'il s'agit, De Zayas! De Zayas! Je suis venu sur les rivages du Pont-Euxin, New York, 1915
Dada was an informal international movement, with participants in Europe and North America. The beginnings of Dada correspond to the outbreak of World War I. For many participants, the movement was a protest against the bourgeois nationalist and colonialist interests, which many Dadaists believed were the root cause of the war, and against the cultural and intellectual conformity—in art and more broadly in society—that corresponded to the war.[11]
Avant-garde circles outside France knew of pre-war Parisian developments. They had seen (or participated in) Cubist exhibitions held at Galeries Dalmau, Barcelona (1912), Galerie Der Sturm in Berlin (1912), the Armory Show in New York (1913), SVU Mánes in Prague (1914), several Jack of Diamonds exhibitions in Moscow and at De Moderne Kunstkring, Amsterdam (between 1911 and 1915). Futurism developed in response to the work of various artists. Dada subsequently combined these approaches.[9][12]
Many Dadaists believed that the 'reason' and 'logic' of bourgeois capitalist society had led people into war. They expressed their rejection of that ideology in artistic expression that appeared to reject logic and embrace chaos and irrationality.[4][5] For example, George Grosz later recalled that his Dadaist art was intended as a protest "against this world of mutual destruction."[4]
According to Hans Richter Dada was not art: it was "anti-art."[11] Dada represented the opposite of everything which art stood for. Where art was concerned with traditional aesthetics, Dada ignored aesthetics. If art was to appeal to sensibilities, Dada was intended to offend.
As Hugo Ball expressed it, "For us, art is not an end in itself ... but it is an opportunity for the true perception and criticism of the times we live in."[13]
A reviewer from the American Art News stated at the time that "Dada philosophy is the sickest, most paralyzing and most destructive thing that has ever originated from the brain of man." Art historians have described Dada as being, in large part, a "reaction to what many of these artists saw as nothing more than an insane spectacle of collective homicide."[14]
Years later, Dada artists described the movement as "a phenomenon bursting forth in the midst of the postwar economic and moral crisis, a savior, a monster, which would lay waste to everything in its path... [It was] a systematic work of destruction and demoralization... In the end it became nothing but an act of sacrilege."[14]
To quote Dona Budd's The Language of Art Knowledge,
Dada was born out of negative reaction to the horrors of the First World War. This international movement was begun by a group of artists and poets associated with the Cabaret Voltaire in Zürich. Dada rejected reason and logic, prizing nonsense, irrationality and intuition. The origin of the name Dada is unclear; some believe that it is a nonsensical word. Others maintain that it originates from the Romanian artists Tristan Tzara's and Marcel Janco's frequent use of the words "da, da," meaning "yes, yes" in the Romanian language. Another theory says that the name "Dada" came during a meeting of the group when a paper knife stuck into a French–German dictionary happened to point to 'dada', a French word for 'hobbyhorse'.[5]
The movement primarily involved visual arts, literature, poetry, art manifestos, art theory, theatre, and graphic design, and concentrated its anti-war politics through a rejection of the prevailing standards in art through anti-art cultural works.
History[edit]
Zürich[edit]
Hannah Höch, Cut with the Dada Kitchen Knife through the Last Weimar Beer-Belly Cultural Epoch in Germany, 1919, collage of pasted papers, 90×144 cm, Nationalgalerie, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin
In 1916, Hugo Ball, Emmy Hennings, Tristan Tzara, Jean Arp, Marcel Janco, Richard Huelsenbeck, Sophie Taeuber, and Hans Richter, along with others, discussed art and put on performances in the Cabaret Voltaire expressing their disgust with the war and the interests that inspired it.
Some sources state that Dada coalesced on October 6 at the Cabaret Voltaire. Other sources state that Dada did not originate fully in a Zürich literary salon but grew out of an already vibrant artistic tradition in Eastern Europe, particularly Romania, that transposed to Switzerland when a group of Jewish modernist artists (Tzara, Janco, Arthur Segal, and others) settled in Zürich. In the years prior to the First World War similar art had already risen in Bucharest and other Eastern European cities; it is likely that Dada's catalyst was the arrival in Zürich of artists like Tzara and Janco.[15]
Having left Germany and Romania during the Great War, the artists found themselves in Switzerland, a country recognized for its neutrality. Inside this space of political neutrality they decided to use abstraction to fight against the social, political, and cultural ideas of that time. The Dadaists believed those ideas to be a byproduct of bourgeois society, a society so apathetic it would rather fight a war against itself than challenge the status quo.[16]
Janco recalled, "We had lost confidence in our culture. Everything had to be demolished. We would begin again after the tabula rasa. At the Cabaret Voltaire we began by shocking common sense, public opinion, education, institutions, museums, good taste, in short, the whole prevailing order." [17]
The Cabaret closed its doors in early July and then at the first public soirée at Waag Hall[18] on July 14, 1916, Ball recited the first manifesto. In 1917, Tzara wrote a second Dada manifesto considered one of the most important Dada writings, which was published in 1918. Other manifestos followed.
A single issue of the magazine Cabaret Voltaire was the first publication to come out of the movement.
After the cabaret closed down, Dada activities moved on to a new gallery, and Hugo Ball left for Bern. Tzara began a relentless campaign to spread Dada ideas. He bombarded French and Italian artists and writers with letters, and soon emerged as the Dada leader and master strategist. The Cabaret Voltaire re-opened, and is still in the same place at the Spiegelgasse 1 in the Niederdorf.
Zürich Dada, with Tzara at the helm, published the art and literature review Dada beginning in July 1917, with five editions from Zürich and the final two from Paris.
Other artists, such as André Breton and Philippe Soupault, created “literature groups to help extend the influence of Dada.”[19]
After the fighting of the First World War had ended in the armistice of November 1918, most of the Zürich Dadaists returned to their home countries, and some began Dada activities in other cities. Others, such as the Swiss native Sophie Taeuber, would remain in Zürich into the 1920s.
Berlin[edit]
Cover of Anna Blume, Dichtungen, 1919
"Berlin was a city of tightened stomachers, of mounting, thundering hunger, where hidden rage was transformed into a boundless money lust, and men's minds were concentrating more and more on questions of naked existence... Fear was in everybody's bones "- Richard Hülsenbeck
The groups in Germany were not as strongly anti-art as other groups. Their activity and art were more political and social, with corrosive manifestos and propaganda, satire, public demonstrations and overt political activities. The intensely political and war-torn environment of Berlin had a dramatic impact on the ideas of Berlin Dadaists. Conversely, New York's geographic distance from the war spawned its more theoretically-driven, less political nature.[20]
In February 1918, while the Great War was approaching its climax, Huelsenbeck gave his first Dada speech in Berlin, and he produced a Dada manifesto later in the year. Following the October Revolution in Russia, by then out of the war, Hannah Höch and George Grosz used Dada to express communist sympathies. Grosz, together with John Heartfield, Höch and Hausmann developed the technique of photomontage during this period.
After the war, the artists published a series of short-lived political magazines and held the First International Dada Fair, 'the greatest project yet conceived by the Berlin Dadaists', in the summer of 1920.[21] As well as work by the main members of Berlin Dada – Grosz, Raoul Hausmann, Hannah Höch, Johannes Baader, Huelsenbeck and Heartfield – the exhibition also included the work of Otto Dix, Francis Picabia, Jean Arp, Max Ernst, Rudolf Schlichter, Johannes Baargeld and others.[21] In all, over 200 works were exhibited, surrounded by incendiary slogans, some of which also ended up written on the walls of the Nazi's Entartete Kunst exhibition in 1937. Despite high ticket prices, the exhibition lost money, with only one recorded sale.[22]
The Berlin group published periodicals such as Club Dada, Der Dada, Everyman His Own Football, and Dada Almanach.
Cologne[edit]
In Cologne, Ernst, Baargeld, and Arp launched a controversial Dada exhibition in 1920 which focused on nonsense and anti-bourgeois sentiments. Cologne's Early Spring Exhibition was set up in a pub, and required that participants walk past urinals while being read lewd poetry by a woman in a communion dress. The police closed the exhibition on grounds of obscenity, but it was re-opened when the charges were dropped.[23]
Marcel Duchamp, Fountain, 1917; photograph by Alfred Stieglitz
New York[edit]
Main article: New York Dada
Like Zürich, New York City was a refuge for writers and artists from the First World War. Soon after arriving from France in 1915, Marcel Duchamp and Francis Picabia met American artist Man Ray. By 1916 the three of them became the center of radical anti-art activities in the United States. American Beatrice Wood, who had been studying in France, soon joined them, along with Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven. Arthur Cravan, fleeing conscription in France, was also in New York for a time. Much of their activity centered in Alfred Stieglitz's gallery, 291, and the home of Walter and Louise Arensberg.
The New Yorkers, though not particularly organized, called their activities Dada, but they did not issue manifestos. They issued challenges to art and culture through publications such as The Blind Man, Rongwrong, and New York Dada in which they criticized the traditionalist basis for museum art. New York Dada lacked the disillusionment of European Dada and was instead driven by a sense of irony and humor. In his book Adventures in the arts: informal chapters on painters, vaudeville and poets Marsden Hartley included an essay on "The Importance of Being 'Dada'".
Rrose Sélavy, the alter ego of Dadaist Marcel Duchamp
During this time Duchamp began exhibiting "readymades" (everyday objects found or purchased and declared art) such as a bottle rack, and was active in the Society of Independent Artists. In 1917 he submitted the now famous Fountain, a urinal signed R. Mutt, to the Society of Independent Artists exhibition but they rejected the piece. First an object of scorn within the arts community, the Fountain has since become almost canonized[dubious – discuss] by some as one of the most recognizable modernist works of sculpture. Art world experts polled by the sponsors of the 2004 Turner Prize, Gordon's gin, voted it "the most influential work of modern art".[24][25] As recent scholarship documents, the work is likely more collaborative than it has been given credit for in twentieth-century art history. Duchamp indicates in a 1917 letter to his sister that a female friend was centrally involved in the conception of this work. As he writes: "One of my female friends who had adopted the pseudonym Richard Mutt sent me a porcelain urinal as a sculpture."[26] The piece is more in line with the scatological aesthetics of Duchamp's friend and neighbour, the Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven, than Duchamp's.[27] In an attempt to "pay homage to the spirit of Dada" a performance artist named Pierre Pinoncelli made a crack in a replica of The Fountain with a hammer in January 2006; he also urinated on it in 1993.
Picabia's travels tied New York, Zürich and Paris groups together during the Dadaist period. For seven years he also published the Dada periodical 391 in Barcelona, New York City, Zürich, and Paris from 1917 through 1924.
By 1921, most of the original players moved to Paris where Dada had experienced its last major incarnation.
Paris[edit]
Man Ray, c. 1921–22, Rencontre dans la porte tournante, published on the cover of Der Sturm, Volume 13, Number 3, 5 March 1922
Man Ray, c. 1921–22, Dessin (Drawing), published on page 43 of Der Sturm, Volume 13, Number 3, 5 March 1922
The French avant-garde kept abreast of Dada activities in Zürich with regular communications from Tristan Tzara (whose pseudonym means "sad in country," a name chosen to protest the treatment of Jews in his native Romania), who exchanged letters, poems, and magazines with Guillaume Apollinaire, André Breton, Max Jacob, Clément Pansaers, and other French writers, critics and artists.
Paris had arguably been the classical music capital of the world since the advent of musical Impressionism in the late 19th century. One of its practitioners, Erik Satie, collaborated with Picasso and Cocteau in a mad, scandalous ballet called Parade. First performed by the Ballets Russes in 1917, it succeeded in creating a scandal but in a different way than Stravinsky's Le Sacre du printemps had done almost five years earlier. This was a ballet that was clearly parodying itself, something traditional ballet patrons would obviously have serious issues with.
Dada in Paris surged in 1920 when many of the originators converged there. Inspired by Tzara, Paris Dada soon issued manifestos, organized demonstrations, staged performances and produced a number of journals (the final two editions of Dada, Le Cannibale, and Littérature featured Dada in several editions.)[28]
The first introduction of Dada artwork to the Parisian public was at the Salon des Indépendants in 1921. Jean Crotti exhibited works associated with Dada including a work entitled, Explicatif bearing the word Tabu. In the same year Tzara staged his Dadaist play The Gas Heart to howls of derision from the audience. When it was re-staged in 1923 in a more professional production, the play provoked a theatre riot (initiated by André Breton) that heralded the split within the movement that was to produce Surrealism. Tzara's last attempt at a Dadaist drama was his "ironic tragedy" Handkerchief of Clouds in 1924.
Netherlands[edit]
In the Netherlands the Dada movement centered mainly around Theo van Doesburg, best known for establishing the De Stijl movement and magazine of the same name. Van Doesburg mainly focused on poetry, and included poems from many well-known Dada writers in De Stijl such as Hugo Ball, Hans Arp and Kurt Schwitters. Van Doesburg and Thijs Rinsema (nl) (a cordwainer and artist in Drachten) became friends of Schwitters, and together they organized the so-called Dutch Dada campaign in 1923, where van Doesburg promoted a leaflet about Dada (entitled What is Dada?), Schwitters read his poems, Vilmos Huszár demonstrated a mechanical dancing doll and Nelly van Doesburg (Theo's wife), played avant-garde compositions on piano.
A Bonset sound-poem, "Passing troop", 1916
Van Doesburg wrote Dada poetry himself in De Stijl, although under a pseudonym, I.K. Bonset, which was only revealed after his death in 1931. 'Together' with I.K. Bonset, he also published a short-lived Dutch Dada magazine called Mécano (1922–3). Another Dutchman identified by K. Schippers in his study of the movement in the Netherlands[29] was the Groningen typographer H. N. Werkman, who was in touch with van Doesburg and Schwitters while editing his own magazine, The Next Call (1923–6). Two more artists mentioned by Schippers were German-born and eventually settled in the Netherlands. These were Otto van Rees, who had taken part in the liminal exhibitions at the Café Voltaire in Zürich, and Paul Citroen.
Georgia[edit]
Although Dada itself was unknown in Georgia until at least 1920, from 1917 until 1921 a group of poets called themselves "41st Degree" (referring both to the latitude of Tbilisi, Georgia and to the temperature of a high fever) organized along Dadaist lines. The most important figure in this group was Iliazd, whose radical typographical designs visually echo the publications of the Dadaists. After his flight to Paris in 1921, he collaborated with Dadaists on publications and events.
Yugoslavia[edit]
In Yugoslavia there was significant Dada activity between 1920 and 1922, run mainly by Dragan Aleksić and including work by Mihailo S. Petrov, Zenitism's two brothers Ljubomir Micić and Branko Ve Poljanski.[30] Aleksić used the term "Yougo-Dada" and is known to have been in contact with Raoul Hausmann, Kurt Schwitters, and Tristan Tzara.[31]
Italy[edit]
The Dada movement in Italy, based in Mantua, was met with distaste and failed to make a significant impact in the world of art. It published a magazine for a short time and held an exhibition in Rome, featuring paintings, quotations from Tristan Tzara, and original epigrams such as "True Dada is against Dada". The most notable member of this group was Julius Evola, who went on to become an eminent scholar of occultism, as well as a right-wing philosopher and an assistant to Benito Mussolini.[32]
Japan[edit]
Dada, an iconic character from the Ultra Series. His design draws inspiration from the art movement.
A prominent Dada group in Japan was MAVO (ja), founded in July 1923 by Tomoyoshi Murayama and Yanase Masamu (de; ja). Other prominent artists were Jun Tsuji, Eisuke Yoshiyuki, Shinkichi Takahashi and Katsue Kitasono.
In the Tsuburaya Productions's Ultra Series, an alien named Dada was designed after the Dadaism movement, with said character first appearing in episode 28 of the 1966 tokusatsu series, Ultraman, and was designed by character artist Toru Narita. Dada's design is primarily monochromatic, and features numerous sharp lines and alternating black and white stripes, as a reference to the movement. On May 19, 2016, in celebration to the 100 year anniversary of Dadaism in Tokyo, the Ultra Monster was invited to meet the Swiss Ambassador Urs Bucher.[33][34]
Russia[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Dada in itself was relatively unknown in Russia, however, avant-garde art was widespread due to the Bolshevik's revolutionary agenda. The Nichevoki (ru), a literary group sharing Dadaist ideals achieved infamy after one of its members suggested that Vladimir Mayakovsky should go to the "Pampushka" (Pameatnik Pushkina – Pushkin monument) on the "Tverbul" (Tverskoy Boulevard) to clean the shoes of anyone who desired it, after Mayakovsky declared that he was going to cleanse Russian literature.
Poetry, music and sound[edit]
Dada was not confined to the visual and literary arts; its influence reached into sound and music. Kurt Schwitters developed what he called sound poems, while Francis Picabia and Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes composed Dada music performed at the Festival Dada in Paris on 26 May 1920. Other composers such as Erwin Schulhoff, Hans Heusser and Alberto Savinio all wrote Dada music, while members of Les Six collaborated with members of the Dada movement and had their works performed at Dada gatherings. Erik Satie also dabbled with Dadaist ideas during his career, although he is primarily associated with musical Impressionism.
In the very first Dada publication, Hugo Ball describes a "balalaika orchestra playing delightful folk-songs." African music and jazz were common at Dada gatherings.[citation needed]
Marc Lowenthal, in I Am a Beautiful Monster: Poetry, Prose, and Provocation, writes:
Dada is the groundwork to abstract art and sound poetry, a starting point for performance art, a prelude to postmodernism, an influence on pop art, a celebration of antiart to be later embraced for anarcho-political uses in the 1960s and the movement that laid the foundation for Surrealism.[35]
Musician Frank Zappa was a self-proclaimed Dadaist after learning of the movement:
In the early days, I didn't even know what to call the stuff my life was made of. You can imagine my delight when I discovered that someone in a distant land had the same idea—AND a nice, short name for it.[36]
Legacy[edit]
The Janco Dada Museum, named after Marcel Janco, in Ein Hod, Israel
While broadly based, the movement was unstable. By 1924 in Paris, Dada was melding into Surrealism, and artists had gone on to other ideas and movements, including Surrealism, social realism and other forms of modernism. Some theorists argue that Dada was actually the beginning of postmodern art.[37]
By the dawn of the Second World War, many of the European Dadaists had emigrated to the United States. Some (Otto Freundlich, Walter Serner) died in death camps under Adolf Hitler, who actively persecuted the kind of "degenerate art" that he considered Dada to represent. The movement became less active as post-war optimism led to the development of new movements in art and literature.
Dada is a named influence and reference of various anti-art and political and cultural movements, including the Situationist International and culture jamming groups like the Cacophony Society. Upon breaking up in July 2012, anarchist pop band Chumbawamba issued a statement which compared their own legacy with that of the Dada art movement.[38]
At the same time that the Zürich Dadaists were making noise and spectacle at the Cabaret Voltaire, Lenin was planning his revolutionary plans for Russia in a nearby apartment. Tom Stoppard used this coincidence as a premise for his play Travesties (1974), which includes Tzara, Lenin, and James Joyce as characters. French writer Dominique Noguez imagined Lenin as a member of the Dada group in his tongue-in-cheek Lénine Dada (1989).
The former building of the Cabaret Voltaire fell into disrepair until it was occupied from January to March 2002, by a group proclaiming themselves Neo-Dadaists, led by Mark Divo.[39] The group included Jan Thieler, Ingo Giezendanner, Aiana Calugar, Lennie Lee, and Dan Jones. After their eviction, the space was turned into a museum dedicated to the history of Dada. The work of Lee and Jones remained on the walls of the new museum.
Several notable retrospectives have examined the influence of Dada upon art and society. In 1967, a large Dada retrospective was held in Paris. In 2006, the Museum of Modern Art in New York City mounted a Dada exhibition in partnership with the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C. and the Centre Pompidou in Paris. The LTM label has released a large number of Dada-related sound recordings, including interviews with artists such as Tzara, Picabia, Schwitters, Arp, and Huelsenbeck, and musical repertoire including Satie, Ribemont-Dessaignes, Picabia, and Nelly van Doesburg.[40]
Art techniques developed[edit]
Collage[edit]
The Dadaists imitated the techniques developed during the cubist movement through the pasting of cut pieces of paper items, but extended their art to encompass items such as transportation tickets, maps, plastic wrappers, etc. to portray aspects of life, rather than representing objects viewed as still life.
Cut-up technique[edit]
Cut-up technique is an extension of collage to words themselves, Tristan Tzara describes this in the Dada Manifesto:[41]
TO MAKE A DADAIST POEM
Take a newspaper.
Take some scissors.
Choose from this paper an article of the length you want to make your poem.
Cut out the article.
Next carefully cut out each of the words that makes up this article and put them all in a bag.
Shake gently.
Next take out each cutting one after the other.
Copy conscientiously in the order in which they left the bag.
The poem will resemble you.
And there you are – an infinitely original author of charming sensibility, even though unappreciated by the vulgar herd.
Photomontage[edit]
The Dadaists – the "monteurs" (mechanics) – used scissors and glue rather than paintbrushes and paints to express their views of modern life through images presented by the media. A variation on the collage technique, photomontage utilized actual or reproductions of real photographs printed in the press. In Cologne, Max Ernst used images from the First World War to illustrate messages of the destruction of war.[42]
Raoul Hausmann, Mechanischer Kopf (Der Geist unserer Zeit) (Mechanical Head [The Spirit of Our Age]), c. 1920
Raoul Hausmann, ABCD (self-portrait), a photomontage from 1923–24
Assemblage[edit]
The assemblages were three-dimensional variations of the collage – the assembly of everyday objects to produce meaningful or meaningless (relative to the war) pieces of work including war objects and trash. Objects were nailed, screwed or fastened together in different fashions. Assemblages could be seen in the round or could be hung on a wall.[43]
Readymades[edit]
Marcel Duchamp began to view the manufactured objects of his collection as objects of art, which he called "readymades". He would add signatures and titles to some, converting them into artwork that he called "readymade aided" or "rectified readymades". Duchamp wrote: "One important characteristic was the short sentence which I occasionally inscribed on the 'readymade.' That sentence, instead of describing the object like a title, was meant to carry the mind of the spectator towards other regions more verbal. Sometimes I would add a graphic detail of presentation which in order to satisfy my craving for alliterations, would be called 'readymade aided.'"[44] One such example of Duchamp's readymade works is the urinal that was turned onto its back, signed "R. Mutt", titled Fountain, and submitted to the Society of Independent Artists exhibition that year, though it was not displayed.
Artists[edit]
Dragan Aleksić (1901–1958), Yugoslavia
Louis Aragon (1897–1982), France
Jean Arp (1886–1966), Germany, France
Hugo Ball (1886–1927), Germany, Switzerland
André Breton (1896–1966), France
Otto Dix (1891–1969), Germany
Theo van Doesburg (1883–1931) Netherlands
Marcel Duchamp (1887–1968), France
Paul Éluard (1895–1952), France
Max Ernst (1891–1976), Germany, USA
Julius Evola (1898–1974), Italy
George Grosz (1893–1959), Germany, France, USA
Raoul Hausmann (1886–1971), Germany
John Heartfield (1891–1968), Germany, USSR, Czechoslovakia, Great Britain
Hannah Höch (1889–1978), Germany
Richard Huelsenbeck (1892–1974), Germany
Marcel Janco (1895–1984), Romania, Israel
Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven (1874–1927), Germany, USA
Clément Pansaers (1885–1922), Belgium
Francis Picabia (1879–1953), France
Man Ray (1890–1976), France, USA
Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes (1884–1974), France
Kurt Schwitters (1887–1948), Germany
Walter Serner (1889–1942), Austria
Philippe Soupault (1897–1990), France
Sophie Taeuber-Arp (1889–1943), Switzerland, France
Tristan Tzara (1896–1963), Romania, France
Beatrice Wood (1893–1998), USA
See also[edit]
Art intervention
The Central Council of Dada for the World Revolution
Dadaglobe
Épater la bourgeoisie
Happening
Incoherents
Shock art
Transgressive art
References[edit]
Jump up ^ World War I and Dada, Museum of Modern Art (MoMA)
Jump up ^ Mario de Micheli (2006). Las vanguardias artísticas del siglo XX. Alianza Forma. p.135-137
Jump up ^ Trachtman, Paul. "A Brief History of Dada". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Schneede, Uwe M. (1979), George Grosz, His life and work, New York: Universe Books
^ Jump up to: a b c Budd, Dona, The Language of Art Knowledge, Pomegranate Communications, Inc.
Jump up ^ Dada, Tate
Jump up ^ Dada at thearthistory.org, retrieved March 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ Anti-art, Art that challenges the existing accepted definitions of art, Tate
^ Jump up to: a b "Dada", by Dawn Adès and Matthew Gale, Grove Art Online, Oxford University Press, 2009 (subscription required)
Jump up ^ Roselee Goldberg, Thomas & Hudson, L'univers de l'art, Chapter 4, Le surréalisme, Les représentations pré-Dada à Paris, ISBN 978-2-87811-380-8
^ Jump up to: a b Richter, Hans (1965), Dada: Art and Anti-art, New York and Toronto: Oxford University Press
Jump up ^ Joan M. Marter, The Grove Encyclopedia of American Art, Volume 1, Oxford University Press, 2011, p. 6, ISBN 0195335791
Jump up ^ DADA: Cities, National Gallery of Art, retrieved 2008-10-19
^ Jump up to: a b Fred S. Kleiner (2006), Gardner's Art Through the Ages (12th ed.), Wadsworth Publishing, p. 754
Jump up ^ Tom Sandqvist, DADA EAST: The Romanians of Cabaret Voltaire, London MIT Press, 2006.
Jump up ^ "Introduction: "Everybody can Dada"". National Gallery of Art. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
Jump up ^ Marcel Janco, "Dada at Two Speeds," trans. in Lucy R. Lippard, Dadas on Art (Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1971), p. 36.
Jump up ^ "Cabaret Voltaire". DADA Companion. Retrieved 2011-06-11.
Jump up ^ Europe of Cultures. "Tristan Tzara speaks of the Dada Movement.", September 6, 1963. Retrieved on July 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ Naumann, Francis M. (1994). New York Dada. New York: Abrams. ISBN 0810936763.
^ Jump up to: a b Dada, Dickermann, National Gallery of Art, Washington, 2006 p443
Jump up ^ Dada, Dickermann, National Gallery of Art, Washington, 2006 p99
Jump up ^ Schaefer, Robert A. (September 7, 2006), "Das Ist Dada–An Exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art in NYC", Double Exposure
Jump up ^ Fountain' most influential piece of modern art, Independent, December 2, 2004
Jump up ^ "Duchamp's urinal tops art survey", BBC News December 1, 2004.
Jump up ^ Duchamp, Marcel trans. and qtd. in Gammel, Irene. Baroness Elsa: Gender, Dada and Everyday Modernity. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002, 224.
Jump up ^ Gammel, Baroness Elsa, 224–225.
Jump up ^ Marc Dachy, Dada, la révolte de l'art, Paris, Gallimard / Centre Pompidou, "Découvertes Gallimard" n° 476, 2005.
Jump up ^ Holland Dada, Amsterdam, 1974
Jump up ^ Zenit: International Review of Arts and Culture
Jump up ^ Dubravka Djurić, Miško Šuvaković. Impossible Histories: Historical Avant-gardes, Neo-avant-gardes, and Post-avant-gardes in Yugoslavia, 1918–1991, p. 132, MIT Press, 2003. ISBN 9780262042161; Jovanov Jasna, Kujundžić Dragan, "Yougo-Dada". "Crisis and the Arts: The History of Dada", Vol. IV, The Eastern Orbit: Russia, Georgia, Ukraine, Central Europe and Japan, General Editor Stephen C. Foster, G.K. Hall & Comp. Publishers, New York 1998, 41–62; Jasna Jovanov, Demistifikacija apokrifa: dadaizam na jugoslovenskim prostorima 1920–1922, Novi Sad: Apokrif, 1999.
Jump up ^ Julius Evola – International Dada Archive
Jump up ^ "「三面怪人 ダダ」が「ダダイズム100周年」を祝福！スイス大使館で開催された記者発表会に登場！" (in Japanese). m-78.jp. 2016-05-19. Retrieved 2016-06-08.
Jump up ^ "Dada Celebrates Dadaism's 100th Anniversary". tokusatsunetwork.com. 2016-05-19. Retrieved 2016-06-08.
Jump up ^ Marc Lowenthal, translator's introduction to Francis Picabia's I Am a Beautiful Monster: Poetry, Prose, and Provocation
Jump up ^ Frank Zappa, The Real Frank Zappa Book, p. 162
Jump up ^ Locher, David (1999), "Unacknowledged Roots and Blatant Imitation: Postmodernism and the Dada Movement", Electronic Journal of Sociology, 4 (1), retrieved 2007-04-25
Jump up ^ "Chumbawamba". Retrieved 10 July 2012.
Jump up ^ 2002 occupation by neo-Dadaists Prague Post
Jump up ^ LTM Recordings
Jump up ^ "manifestos: dada manifesto on feeble love and bitter love by tristan tzara, 12th december 1920". 391. 1920-12-12. Retrieved 2011-06-27. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
Jump up ^ "DADA – Techniques – photomontage". Nga.gov. Retrieved 2011-06-11.
Jump up ^ "DADA – Techniques – assemblage". Nga.gov. Retrieved 2011-06-11.
Jump up ^ "The Writings of Marcel Duchamp" ISBN 0-306-80341-0
Bibliography[edit]
The Dada Almanac, ed Richard Huelsenbeck [1920], re-edited and translated by Malcolm Green et al., Atlas Press, with texts by Hans Arp, Johannes Baader, Hugo Ball, Paul Citröen, Paul Dermée, Daimonides, Max Goth, John Heartfield, Raoul Hausmann, Richard Huelsenbeck, Vincente Huidobro, Mario D'Arezzo, Adon Lacroix, Walter Mehring, Francis Picabia, Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes, Alexander Sesqui, Philippe Soupault, Tristan Tzara. ISBN 0-947757-62-7
Blago Bung, Blago Bung, Hugo Ball's Tenderenda, Richard Huelsenbeck's Fantastic Prayers, & Walter Serner's Last Loosening – three key texts of Zurich ur-Dada. Translated and introduced by Malcolm Green. Atlas Press, ISBN 0-947757-86-4
Ball, Hugo. Flight Out Of Time (University of California Press: Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1996)
Jones, Dafydd W. Dada 1916 In Theory: Practices of Critical Resistance (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2014). ISBN 978-1-781-380-208
Biro, M. The Dada Cyborg: Visions of the New Human in Weimar Berlin. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. ISBN 0-8166-3620-6
Dachy, Marc. Journal du mouvement Dada 1915–1923, Genève, Albert Skira, 1989 (Grand Prix du Livre d'Art, 1990)
Dada & les dadaïsmes, Paris, Gallimard, Folio Essais, n° 257, 1994.
Jovanov, Jasna. Demistifikacija apokrifa: Dadaizam na jugoslovenskim prostorima, Novi Sad/Apostrof 1999.
Dada, la révolte de l'art, Paris, Gallimard / Centre Pompidou, Découvertes n° 476, 2005.
Archives Dada / Chronique, Paris, Hazan, 2005.
Dada, catalogue d'exposition, Centre Pompidou, 2005.
Durozoi, Gérard. Dada et les arts rebelles, Paris, Hazan, Guide des Arts, 2005
Gammel, Irene. Baroness Elsa: Gender, Dada and Everyday Modernity. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002.
Hoffman, Irene. Documents of Dada and Surrealism: Dada and Surrealist Journals in the Mary Reynolds Collection, Ryerson and Burnham Libraries, The Art Institute of Chicago.
Huelsenbeck, Richard. Memoirs of a Dada Drummer, (University of California Press: Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1991)
Jones, Dafydd. Dada Culture (New York and Amsterdam: Rodopi Verlag, 2006)
Lavin, Maud. Cut With the Kitchen Knife: The Weimar Photomontages of Hannah Höch. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993.
Lemoine, Serge. Dada, Paris, Hazan, coll. L'Essentiel.
Lista, Giovanni. Dada libertin & libertaire, Paris, L'insolite, 2005.
Melzer, Annabelle. 1976. Dada and Surrealist Performance. PAJ Books ser. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins UP, 1994. ISBN 0-8018-4845-8.
Novero, Cecilia. "Antidiets of the Avant-Garde: From Futurist Cooking to Eat Art." (University of Minnesota Press, 2010)
Richter, Hans. Dada: Art and Anti-Art (London: Thames and Hudson, 1965)
Sanouillet, Michel. Dada à Paris, Paris, Jean-Jacques Pauvert, 1965, Flammarion, 1993, CNRS, 2005
Sanouillet, Michel. Dada in Paris, Cambridge, Massachusetts, The MIT Press, 2009
Schippers, K. Holland Dada, Amsterdam, Em. Querido, 1974
Schneede, Uwe M. George Grosz, His life and work (New York: Universe Books, 1979)
Verdier, Aurélie. L'ABCdaire de Dada, Paris, Flammarion, 2005.
External links[edit]
Library resources about
Dada
Resources in your library
Resources in other libraries
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Dada
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dada.
Dada Companion, bibliographies, chronology, artists' profiles, places, techniques, reception
Dada at Curlie (based on DMOZ)
Dada, Encyclopædia Britannica
Dada art
The International Dada Archive, University of Iowa, early Dada periodicals, online scans of publications
Dadart, history, bibliography, documents, and news
"Dadaism – Art and Anti Art", artyfactory.com
From Dada to Surrealism, review from The Guardian
Dada audio recordings at LTM
New York dada (magazine), Marcel Duchamp and Man Ray, April, 1921, Bibliothèque Kandinsky, Centre Pompidou (access online)
Manifestos
Text of Hugo Ball's 1916 Dada Manifesto
Text of Tristan Tzara's 1918 Dada Manifesto
Excerpts of Tristan Tzara's Dada Manifesto (1918) and Lecture on Dada (1922)
[show]
v
t
e
Art movements
Medieval
Early Christian
Migration Period
Anglo-Saxon
Visigothic
Pre-Romanesque
Insular
Viking
Byzantine
Merovingian
Carolingian
Ottonian
Romanesque
Norman-Sicilian
Gothic (International Gothic)
Renaissance
Italian Renaissance
Early Netherlandish
German Renaissance
Antwerp Mannerists
Danube school
High Renaissance
Romanism
Mannerism
Fontainebleau
Northern Mannerism
Flemish Baroque
17th century
Baroque
Caravaggisti
Classicism
Dutch Golden Age
18th century
Rococo
Neoclassicism
Romanticism
19th century
Naïve
Nazarene
Realism / Realism
Historicism
Biedermeier
Gründerzeit
Barbizon school
Pre-Raphaelites
Academic
Aestheticism
Decadent
Macchiaioli
Art Nouveau
Peredvizhniki
Impressionism
Post-Impressionism
Neo-impressionism
Divisionism
Pointillism
Cloisonnism
Les Nabis
Synthetism
Kalighat painting
Symbolism
Hudson River School
20th century
Arts and Crafts
Fauvism
Die Brücke
Cubism
Expressionism
Neue Künstlervereinigung München
Futurism
Metaphysical art
Rayonism
Der Blaue Reiter
Orphism
Synchromism
Vorticism
Suprematism
Ashcan
Dada
De Stijl
Purism
Bauhaus
Kinetic art
New Objectivity
Neues Sehen
Surrealism
Neo-Fauvism
Precisionism
Scuola Romana
Art Deco
International Typographic Style
Social realism
Abstract expressionism
Vienna School of Fantastic Realism
Color Field
Lyrical abstraction
Tachisme
COBRA
Action painting
New media art
Letterist International
Pop art
Situationist International
Lettrism
Neo-Dada
Op art
Nouveau réalisme
Art & Language
Conceptual art
Land art
Systems art
Video art
Minimalism
Fluxus
Photorealism
Performance art
Installation art
Endurance art
Outsider art
Neo-expressionism
Lowbrow
Young British Artists
Amazonian pop art
21st century
Art intervention
Hyperrealism
Neo-futurism
Stuckism
Sound art
Superstroke
Superflat
Relational art
Related articles
List of art movements
Feminist art movement (in the US)
Modern art
Modernism
Late modernism
Postmodern art
Avant-garde
[show]
v
t
e
Modernism
Milestones
Le Déjeuner sur l’herbe (1862-63)
Olympia (1863)
A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1886)
Mont Sainte-Victoir (1887)
The Starry Night (1889)
Ubu Roi (1896)
Verklärte Nacht (1899)
Le bonheur de vivre (1905-1906)
Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907)
The Firebird (1910)
Afternoon of a Faun (1912)
Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 (1912)
The Rite of Spring (1913)
In Search of Lost Time (1913–1927)
The Metamorphosis (1915)
Black Square (1915)
Fountain (1917)
The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920)
Six Characters in Search of an Author (1921)
Ulysses (1922)
The Waste Land (1922)
The Magic Mountain (1924)
Battleship Potemkin (1925)
The Sun Also Rises (1926)
The Threepenny Opera (1928)
The Sound and the Fury (1929)
Un Chien Andalou (1929)
Villa Savoye (1931)
The Blue Lotus (1936)
Fallingwater (1936)
Waiting for Godot (1953)
Literature
Guillaume Apollinaire
Djuna Barnes
Tadeusz Borowski
André Breton
Mikhail Bulgakov
Anton Chekhov
Joseph Conrad
Alfred Döblin
E. M. Forster
William Faulkner
Gustave Flaubert
Ford Madox Ford
André Gide
Knut Hamsun
Jaroslav Hašek
Ernest Hemingway
Hermann Hesse
James Joyce
Franz Kafka
Arthur Koestler
D. H. Lawrence
Wyndham Lewis
Thomas Mann
Katherine Mansfield
Filippo Tommaso Marinetti
Guy de Maupassant
Robert Musil
Katherine Anne Porter
Marcel Proust
Gertrude Stein
Italo Svevo
Virginia Woolf
Poetry
Anna Akhmatova
Richard Aldington
W. H. Auden
Charles Baudelaire
Luca Caragiale
Constantine P. Cavafy
Blaise Cendrars
Hart Crane
H.D.
Robert Desnos
T. S. Eliot
Paul Éluard
Odysseas Elytis
F. S. Flint
Stefan George
Max Jacob
Federico García Lorca
Amy Lowell
Robert Lowell
Mina Loy
Stéphane Mallarmé
Marianne Moore
Wilfred Owen
Octavio Paz
Fernando Pessoa
Ezra Pound
Lionel Richard
Rainer Maria Rilke
Arthur Rimbaud
Giorgos Seferis
Wallace Stevens
Dylan Thomas
Tristan Tzara
Paul Valéry
William Carlos Williams
W. B. Yeats
Visual art
Josef Albers
Jean Arp
Balthus
George Bellows
Umberto Boccioni
Pierre Bonnard
Georges Braque
Constantin Brâncuși
Alexander Calder
Mary Cassatt
Paul Cézanne
Marc Chagall
Giorgio de Chirico
Camille Claudel
Joseph Cornell
Joseph Csaky
Salvador Dalí
Edgar Degas
Raoul Dufy
Willem de Kooning
Robert Delaunay
Charles Demuth
Otto Dix
Theo van Doesburg
Marcel Duchamp
James Ensor
Max Ernst
Jacob Epstein
Paul Gauguin
Alberto Giacometti
Vincent van Gogh
Natalia Goncharova
Julio González
Juan Gris
George Grosz
Raoul Hausmann
Jacques Hérold
Hannah Höch
Edward Hopper
Frida Kahlo
Wassily Kandinsky
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
Paul Klee
Oskar Kokoschka
Pyotr Konchalovsky
André Lhote
Fernand Léger
Franz Marc
Albert Marque
Jean Marchand
René Magritte
Kazimir Malevich
Édouard Manet
Henri Matisse
Colin McCahon
Jean Metzinger
Joan Miró
Amedeo Modigliani
Piet Mondrian
Claude Monet
Henry Moore
Edvard Munch
Emil Nolde
Georgia O'Keeffe
Méret Oppenheim
Francis Picabia
Pablo Picasso
Camille Pissarro
Man Ray
Odilon Redon
Pierre-Auguste Renoir
Auguste Rodin
Henri Rousseau
Egon Schiele
Georges Seurat
Paul Signac
Alfred Sisley
Edward Steichen
Alfred Stieglitz
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
Édouard Vuillard
Grant Wood
Music
George Antheil
Milton Babbitt
Jean Barraqué
Alban Berg
Luciano Berio
Nadia Boulanger
Pierre Boulez
John Cage
Elliott Carter
Aaron Copland
Henry Cowell
Henri Dutilleux
Morton Feldman
Henryk Górecki
Josef Matthias Hauer
Paul Hindemith
Arthur Honegger
Charles Ives
Leoš Janáček
György Ligeti
Witold Lutosławski
Olivier Messiaen
Luigi Nono
Harry Partch
Krzysztof Penderecki
Sergei Prokofiev
Luigi Russolo
Erik Satie
Pierre Schaeffer
Arnold Schoenberg
Dmitri Shostakovich
Richard Strauss
Igor Stravinsky
Edgard Varèse
Anton Webern
Kurt Weill
Iannis Xenakis
Theatre
Edward Albee
Maxwell Anderson
Jean Anouilh
Antonin Artaud
Samuel Beckett
Bertolt Brecht
Anton Chekhov
Friedrich Dürrenmatt
Jean Genet
Maxim Gorky
Walter Hasenclever
Henrik Ibsen
William Inge
Eugène Ionesco
Alfred Jarry
Georg Kaiser
Maurice Maeterlinck
Vladimir Mayakovsky
Arthur Miller
Seán O'Casey
Eugene O'Neill
John Osborne
Luigi Pirandello
Erwin Piscator
George Bernard Shaw
August Strindberg
John Millington Synge
Ernst Toller
Frank Wedekind
Thornton Wilder
Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz
Film
Ingmar Bergman
Anton Giulio Bragaglia
Luis Buñuel
Marcel Carné
Charlie Chaplin
René Clair
Jean Cocteau
Maya Deren
Alexander Dovzhenko
Carl Theodor Dreyer
Viking Eggeling
Sergei Eisenstein
Jean Epstein
Robert J. Flaherty
Abel Gance
Isidore Isou
Buster Keaton
Lev Kuleshov
Fritz Lang
Marcel L'Herbier
Georges Méliès
F. W. Murnau
Georg Wilhelm Pabst
Vsevolod Pudovkin
Jean Renoir
Walter Ruttmann
Victor Sjöström
Josef von Sternberg
Dziga Vertov
Jean Vigo
Robert Wiene
Dance
George Balanchine
Merce Cunningham
Clotilde von Derp
Sergei Diaghilev
Isadora Duncan
Michel Fokine
Loie Fuller
Martha Graham
Hanya Holm
Doris Humphrey
Léonide Massine
Vaslav Nijinsky
Alwin Nikolais
Alexander Sakharoff
Ted Shawn
Anna Sokolow
Ruth St. Denis
Helen Tamiris
Charles Weidman
Mary Wigman
Architecture
Alvar Aalto
Marcel Breuer
Gordon Bunshaft
Antoni Gaudí
Walter Gropius
Hector Guimard
Raymond Hood
Victor Horta
Friedensreich Hundertwasser
Philip Johnson
Louis Kahn
Le Corbusier
Adolf Loos
Konstantin Melnikov
Erich Mendelsohn
Pier Luigi Nervi
Richard Neutra
Oscar Niemeyer
Hans Poelzig
Antonin Raymond
Gerrit Rietveld
Eero Saarinen
Rudolf Steiner
Edward Durell Stone
Louis Sullivan
Vladimir Tatlin
Paul Troost
Jørn Utzon
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Frank Lloyd Wright
Related articles
American modernism
Armory Show
Art Deco
Art Nouveau
Ashcan School
Avant-garde
Ballets Russes
Bauhaus
Buddhist modernism
Constructivism
Cubism
Dada
Degenerate art
De Stijl
Der Blaue Reiter
Die Brücke
Ecomodernism
Expressionism
Expressionist music
Fauvism
Fourth dimension in art
Fourth dimension in literature
Futurism
Hanshinkan Modernism
High modernism
Imagism
Impressionism
International Style
Late modernism
Late modernity
Lettrism
List of art movements
List of avant-garde artists
List of modernist poets
Lyrical abstraction
Minimalism
Modern art
Modernity
Neo-Dada
Neo-primitivism
New Objectivity
Orphism
Post-Impressionism
Postminimalism
Postmodernism
Reactionary modernism
Metamodernism
Remodernism
Romanticism
Second Viennese School
Structural film
Surrealism
Symbolism
Synchromism
Tonalism
Warsaw Autumn
[show]
v
t
e
Avant-garde movements
Visual art
Abstract expressionism
Art Nouveau
Art & Language
Conceptual art
Constructivism
Cubism
Proto-Cubism
Cubo-Futurism
De Stijl
Devětsil
Divisionism
Fauvism
Impressionism
Neo-Impressionism
Post-Impressionism
Color Field
Incoherents
Lyrical Abstraction
Mail art
Minimalism
Mir iskusstva
Neue Slowenische Kunst
Nonconformism
Pop art
Rayonism
Suprematism
Vorticism
Nouveau réalisme
Literature and poetry
Acmeism
Angry Penguins
Asemic writing
Cyberpunk
Ego-Futurism
Experimental literature
Flarf poetry
Hungry generation
Imaginism
Language poets
Neoteric
Nouveau roman
Oberiu
Oulipo
Ultraísmo
Visual poetry
Zaum
Music
By style
Jazz
Metal
Pop
Rock
Prog
Punk
Others
Aleatoric music
Ars subtilior
Atonal music
Drone music
Electroacoustic music
Electronic music
Experimental pop
Free jazz
Futurism (music)
Industrial music
Microtonal music
Minimal music
Musique concrète
New Complexity
No wave
Noise music
Post-rock
Rock in Opposition
Second Viennese School
Serialism
Spectral music
Stochastic music
Textural music
Totalism
Twelve-tone technique
Cinema and theatre
Cinéma pur
Dogme 95
Drop Art
Epic theatre
Remodernist film
Structural film
Theatre of the Absurd
Theatre of Cruelty
General
Bauhaus
Constructivism
Dada
Expressionism
Fluxus
Futurism
Lettrism
Modernism
Minimalism
Postminimalism
Neo-minimalism
Neo-Dada
Neoism
Postmodernism
Late modernism
Primitivism
Russian Futurism
Russian symbolism
Situationist International
Social realism
Socialist realism
Surrealism
Symbolism
Book
[show]
v
t
e
Schools of poetry
Akhmatova's Orphans
Angry Penguins
Auden Group
The Beats
Black Arts Movement
Black Mountain poets
British Poetry Revival
Cairo poets
Castalian Band
Cavalier poets
Chhayavaad
Churchyard poets
Confessionalists
Créolité
Cyclic Poets
Dada
Deep image
Della Cruscans
Dolce Stil Novo
Dymock poets
Ecopoetry
The poets of Elan
Flarf
Fugitives
Garip
Gay Saber
Generation of '27
Generation of the '30s
Generation of '98
Georgian poets
Goliard
The Group
Harlem Renaissance
Harvard Aesthetes
Hungry generation
Imagism
Informationist poetry
Jindyworobaks
Lake Poets
Language poets
Martian poetry
Metaphysical poets
Misty Poets
Modernist poetry
The Movement
Négritude
Neotericism
New American Poetry
New Apocalyptics
New Formalism
New York School
Objectivists
Others
Parnassian poets
La Pléiade
Quantum Sheep
Rhymers' Club
San Francisco Renaissance
Scottish Renaissance
Sicilian School
Sons of Ben
Southern Agrarians
Spasmodic poets
Sung poetry
Surrealism
Symbolism
Uranian poetry
Authority control
GND: 4010866-1
NKC: ph305399
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dada&oldid=835708350"
Categories:
Dada
Avant-garde art
Art movements
20th-century German literature
Nonsense
Hidden categories:
Pages containing links to subscription-only content
CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)
CS1: Julian–Gregorian uncertainty
All accuracy disputes
Articles with disputed statements from April 2017
Interlanguage link template link number
Articles needing additional references from October 2017
All articles needing additional references
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from August 2011
Pages using div col without cols and colwidth parameters
Articles with Curlie links
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Wikiquote
Languages
Afrikaans
Alemannisch
العربية
Asturianu
Azərbaycanca
বাংলা
Bân-lâm-gú
Беларуская
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
Български
Bosanski
Brezhoneg
Català
Čeština
Cymraeg
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Frysk
Gaeilge
Gàidhlig
Galego
한국어
Հայերեն
हिन्दी
Hrvatski
Ido
Bahasa Indonesia
Interlingua
Italiano
עברית
Basa Jawa
ქართული
Қазақша
Kurdî
Кыргызча
Latina
Latviešu
Lietuvių
Magyar
Македонски
മലയാളം
မြန်မာဘာသာ
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Occitan
Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
پنجابی
Picard
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Scots
Shqip
Sicilianu
Simple English
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Ślůnski
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
Tagalog
தமிழ்
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
اردو
Tiếng Việt
中文
72 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 10 April 2018, at 09:07.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values:
/wiki/Dada_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Dada (disambiguation)

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

values:
/wiki/Capitalist_society
mw-redirect
Capitalist society

values: wikisource:Dada Manifesto (1916, Hugo Ball)

values:
/wiki/Literary_journals
mw-redirect
Literary journals

values:
/wiki/Sophie_Taeuber
mw-redirect
Sophie Taeuber

values:
/wiki/Cabaret_Voltaire_(Z%C3%BCrich)
mw-redirect
Cabaret Voltaire (Zürich)

values:
/wiki/Entartete_Kunst
mw-redirect
Entartete Kunst

values:
/wiki/Rrose_S%C3%A9lavy
mw-redirect
Rrose Sélavy

values: The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (April 2017)

values:
/wiki/Le_Sacre_du_printemps
mw-redirect
Le Sacre du printemps

values:
/wiki/Salon_des_Ind%C3%A9pendants
mw-redirect
Salon des Indépendants

values:
noprint
font-size:85%; font-style: normal;

values:
/wiki/Dutch_literature
mw-redirect
Dutch literature

values:
/wiki/H._N._Werkman
mw-redirect
H. N. Werkman

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced

values:
/wiki/African_music
mw-redirect
African music

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2011)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Centre_Pompidou
mw-redirect
Centre Pompidou

values: div-col columns column-count column-count-2

values: -moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;

values: The Central Council of Dada for the World Revolution

values:
/wiki/Grove_Art_Online
mw-redirect
Grove Art Online

values:
nofollow
http://www.dada-companion.com/cabaret/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
https://monoskop.org/Zenit

values:
nofollow
http://m-78.jp/news/n-3812/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.chumba.com/
external text

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
plainlist
padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;text-align:left;

values: float:right;clear:right;width:auto;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%

values:
nofollow
http://www.dada-companion.com/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/dada/
external text

values:
col
navbox-title
2
background:#EAE0C8; color:black;

values:
/wiki/Early_Christian_art
mw-redirect
Early Christian art

values:
/wiki/Visigothic_art
mw-redirect
Visigothic art

values:
/wiki/Antwerp_Mannerists
mw-redirect
Antwerp Mannerists

values:
/wiki/Ashcan_school
mw-redirect
Ashcan school

values: Feminist art movement in the United States

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte

values:
/wiki/Modernist_literature
mw-redirect
Modernist literature

values:
/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Pabst
mw-redirect
Georg Wilhelm Pabst

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
/wiki/Georgian_poets
mw-redirect
Georgian poets

values:
/wiki/Objectivist_poets
mw-redirect
Objectivist poets

values:
/wiki/Others_(art_group)
mw-redirect
Others (art group)

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/4010866-1

values: Category:Pages containing links to subscription-only content

values: Category:CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)

values: Category:Articles with disputed statements from April 2017

values: Category:Interlanguage link template link number

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from October 2017

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2011

values: Category:Pages using div col without cols and colwidth parameters

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Dada
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values:
/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit
Edit this page [ctrl-alt-e]
e

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-af
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-als
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ast
display: none;

values:
https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaizm
Dadaizm – Azerbaijani
az
az
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be
display: none;

values: Дадаізм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old
display: none;

values: Дадаизъм – Bulgarian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values:
https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaizam
Dadaizam – Bosnian
bs
bs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bs
display: none;

values:
https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada
Dada – Breton
br
br
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-br
display: none;

values:
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaisme
Dadaisme – Catalan
ca
ca
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values:
https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaismus
Dadaismus – Czech
cs
cs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada
Dada – Welsh
cy
cy
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cy
display: none;

values:
https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaisme
Dadaisme – Danish
da
da
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaismus
Dadaismus – German
de
de
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-de
display: none;

values:
https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaism
Dadaism – Estonian
et
et
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values: Ντανταϊσμός – Greek

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values:
https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaismo
Dadaismo – Esperanto
eo
eo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values:
https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaismo
Dadaismo – Basque
eu
eu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values: دادائیسم – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada
Dada – French
fr
fr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fy
display: none;

values:
https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadachas
Dadachas – Irish
ga
ga
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ga
display: none;

values:
https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada
Dada – Scottish Gaelic
gd
gd
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gd
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values: Դադաիզմ – Armenian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

values: डाडावाद – Hindi

values:
https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaizam
Dadaizam – Croatian
hr
hr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

values:
https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaismo
Dadaismo – Ido
io
io
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-io
display: none;

values:
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaisme
Dadaisme – Indonesian
id
id
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaismo
Dadaismo – Interlingua
ia
ia
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ia
display: none;

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaismo
Dadaismo – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values:
https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaisme
Dadaisme – Javanese
jv
jv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-jv
display: none;

values: დადაიზმი – Georgian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ka
display: none;

values: Дадаизм – Kazakh

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kk
display: none;

values:
https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaizm
Dadaizm – Kurdish
ku
ku
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ku
display: none;

values: Дадаизм – Kyrgyz

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ky
display: none;

values:
https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada
Dada – Latin
la
la
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-la
display: none;

values:
https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaisms
Dadaisms – Latvian
lv
lv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lv
display: none;

values:
https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaizmas
Dadaizmas – Lithuanian
lt
lt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

values:
https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaizmus
Dadaizmus – Hungarian
hu
hu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mk
display: none;

values: ദാദായിസം – Malayalam

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ml
display: none;

values: ဒါဒါဝါဒ – Burmese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-my
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
display: none;

values:
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaisme
Dadaisme – Norwegian
no
no
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaisme
Dadaisme – Norwegian Nynorsk
nn
nn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-oc
display: none;

values:
https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaizm
Dadaizm – Uzbek
uz
uz
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uz
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd
display: none;

values:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaizm
Dadaizm – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaism
Dadaism – Romanian
ro
ro
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values: Дадаизм – Russian

values:
https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada
Dada – Scots
sco
sco
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sco
display: none;

values:
https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaizmi
Dadaizmi – Albanian
sq
sq
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sq
display: none;

values:
https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaismu
Dadaismu – Sicilian
scn
scn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-scn
display: none;

values:
https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaizmus
Dadaizmus – Slovak
sk
sk
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sk
display: none;

values:
https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaizem
Dadaizem – Slovenian
sl
sl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sl
display: none;

values:
https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadajizm
Dadajizm – Silesian
szl
szl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-szl
display: none;

values: Дадаизам – Serbian

values:
https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaizam
Dadaizam – Serbo-Croatian
sh
sh
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values:
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada
Dada – Finnish
fi
fi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaism
Dadaism – Swedish
sv
sv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaismo
Dadaismo – Tagalog
tl
tl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tl
display: none;

values: ஆடுகுதிரைவாதம் (டாடா) – Tamil

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values:
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaizm
Dadaizm – Turkish
tr
tr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values:
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada
Dada – Vietnamese
vi
vi
interlanguage-link-target

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Dada rootpage-Dada skin-vector action-view


text:
Clan Kincaid
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Clan Kincaid
Motto
I'll Defend[1]
Chief
Madam Arabella Kincaid
Of Kincaid
Historic seat
Kincaid House
Lennox House
[show]Allied clans
Clan Lennox (18th century)
[show]Rival clans
Clan Lennox (16th century)
Clan Stirling (16th century)
Clan Kincaid is a Highland Scottish clan.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Origins of the clan
1.2 Wars of Scottish Independence
1.3 16th century and clan conflicts
1.4 17th century and civil war
1.5 18th century and Jacobite risings
2 The modern Kincaids of Kincaid
3 Castles
4 Fictional Kincaids
5 Notes
6 External links
History[edit]
Origins of the clan[edit]
The chiefs of Clan Kincaid are said to be descended from several families including the ancient Earls of Lennox, the Galbraiths of Buthernock, the Grahames and also the Comyn Lords of Badenoch.[2] The name Kincaid appears to have been of territorial origin.[2] One explanation is that it comes from ceanncadha that is Scottish Gaelic for the steep place or pass.[2] Another translation is that it might mean of the head of the rock.[2] Yet another possibility is that it means the head of the battle, possibly referring to an achievement in the family history.[2]
In 1238 an early reference to the name is found when Alexander II of Scotland granted the lands of Kincade to Maldouen, third Earl of Lennox.[2] In the same year the Earl of Lennox granted the lands to Sir William Galbraith, 4th chief of Galbraith.[2] The Galbraith's main castle was originally at Craigmaddie, but when the line ended in three sisters the estate was separated.[2] One of the sisters married a Logan in 1280 and they received the lands of Kyncade by a charter from the fourth Earl of Lennox.[2] The family then took their surname from the property, of which the spelling was then different.[2] The Kyncade lands consisted of thirty thousand acres, extending from the River Kelvin to the River Glazert.[2]
Wars of Scottish Independence[edit]
One member of the Kincaid family distinguished himself by gallant conduct against the English forces of Edward I of England and in 1296 successfully recaptured Edinburgh Castle.[2] The Laird of Kincaid then held the office of constable of Edinburgh Castle until about 1314.[2] In reference to this honorable feat, during the reign of Robert the Bruce the castle was added to the Kincaid shield as an honorable augmentation to his armorial bearings.[2]
16th century and clan conflicts[edit]
The Kincaid family increased their landholdings in the east of the country from the late sixteenth century onwards.[2] This included the estate of Craiglockhart, near Edinburgh that the Kincaids gained from an adventurous marriage.[2] They later also added the estate of Bantaskin near Falkirk, the Blackness Castle near Linlithgow and the fields of Warriston that is now a suburb of Edinburgh.[2]
Malcolm Kincaid lost his left arm in a clan skirmish in 1563.[2] He was later also involved in a feud with the Clan Lennox of Woodhead in the 1570s.[2] The same Malcolm Kincaid was killed in 1581 by a Stirling of Glovat.[2] The feud with the Clan Lennox has been commented by some historians as remarkable because it was due to a marriage with the Lennox family that the Kincaid name was later re-established as an independent clan in the twentieth century.[2]
In 1600 John Kincaid of Warriston was murdered by one of his grooms who had been in league with his wife.[2] The groom was forced to confess and while Lady Kincaid was beheaded, the groom was broken on the wheel.[2]
17th century and civil war[edit]
During the Scottish Civil War of the seventeenth century the Kincaids fought on the royalist side.[2] However they largely campaigned in Ireland.[2] The family suffered as a result of supporting the royalists and many of the name Kincaid emigrated to North America.[2]
18th century and Jacobite risings[edit]
During the Jacobite rising of 1715 the Kincaids supported the exiled Stuarts and following the rising David Kincaid left Scotland and settled in Virginia.[2] During the Jacobite rising of 1745 four sons of Alexander Kincaid, who was Lord Provost of Edinburgh and the King's Printer, fought a rearguard action after the Battle of Culloden.[2] They were taken prisoner but managed to escape, taking ship to America, and also settling in Virginia.[2]
The principal line of Kincaids married into the Lennox family at the end of the eighteenth century.[2] Over the next two centuries the two families were almost synonymous but the Kincaids have now re-established themselves as an independent family.[2]
The modern Kincaids of Kincaid[edit]
On 2 June 1959, Alwyne Cecil Peareth Kincaid-Lennox petitioned the Lord Lyon King of Arms to succeed to the coat of arms of his great-great-grandfather, John Kincaid of Kincaid, who had matriculated his Arms and Supporters on 29 July 1808.[3] This John Kincaid of Kincaid married secondly Cecilia Lennox of Woodhead and their son, John Lennox Kincaid, became the legal representative of both the Kincaid and Lennox families upon the death of John Kincaid of Kincaid on 7 February 1832. John Lennox Kincaid Lennox had his coat of arms, the impaled arms of Lennox and Kincaid, matriculated on 12 June 1833.[4] John Lennox Kincaid Lennox died without male heirs and the Kincaid of Kincaid name and coat of arms became dormant. Alwyne Cecil Peareth Kincaid-Lennox's petition was granted and he was recognised as chief of the name of Kincaid by the Lord Lyon King of Arms on 1 July 1959.[5] He took on the name Alwyne Cecil Kincaid of Kincaid and began participating in activities to promote Kincaid as a new Scottish Clan.[6]
Alwyne Cecil Kincaid of Kincaid died on 3 September 1983, and was succeeded by his niece, Heather Veronica Peareth Kincaid Lennox who then became Heather Veronica Kincaid of Kincaid. She matriculated her coat of arms on 16 August 1988.[7] Madame Heather Veronica Kincaid of Kincaid was born in Glasgow, Scotland on 10 March 1918 and was the only child of William Mandeville Peareth Kincaid-Lennox and Eva St. Clair Donald. She was twice married; first to Lieutenant-Commander Denis Arthur Hawker Hornell and secondly to William Henry Allen (Hal) Edghill. Her only child, Denis Peareth Hornell, succeeded to the chiefship of Clan Lennox and became Denis Peareth Hornell Lennox of that Ilk. Madame Heather Veronica Kincaid of Kincaid died on 2 August 1999 in Shropshire, England.
Madame Heather Veronica Kincaid of Kincaid was succeeded by her granddaughter, Arabella Jane Kincaid Lennox. She matriculated her coat of arms on 26 January 2001 and assumed the name Arabella Jane Kincaid of Kincaid.[8] She is married to Giles Vivian Inglis-Jones and they have four children. Arabella Jane Kincaid of Kincaid is represented by the Clan Kincaid Organization based in the United States.[9][10]
Castles[edit]
Lennox castle (2008)
The Kincaids erected a tower or peel at the end of the thirteenth century when they obtained their lands.[2] Nothing remains of this today, but a house was built in 1690, enlarged during the eighteenth century and rebuilt in 1812.[2]
Kincaid House is located on the old Kincaid lands in what is now Milton of Campsie, East Dunbartonshire, Scotland. It was the ancestral home of the Kincaids of that Ilk, with the oldest part of the house dating back to 1690. The current style of the house was designed by architect David Hamilton for John Kincaid of that Ilk in 1812. His son and heir, John Lennox Kincaid Lennox, had Hamilton design and build Lennox Castle on the ancient Lennox of Woodhead estate in the Parish of Campsie; about a mile and half west of Lennoxtown, between 1837 and 1841. The family moved there and Kincaid House was sold in 1921. It was eventually converted into a hotel and remains in use as such today. Lennox Castle was sold in 1927, and for some time after that was used as a mental hospital, as well as a maternity hospital. The last patients left the hospital in 2002,[11] and Lennox Castle remained empty until it was severely damaged by fire on 19 May 2008.
Part of the former castle grounds is now the site of Celtic Football Club's training facility.
Fictional Kincaids[edit]
Kincade[12] is the groundsman in the 50th anniversary 'James Bond' film Skyfall starring Daniel Craig. Albert Finney portrays the Scottish groundkeeper of Bond's family home.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Clan Kincaid Profile scotclans.com. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Way, George and Squire, Romily. Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia. (Foreword by The Rt Hon. The Earl of Elgin KT, Convenor, The Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs). Published in 1994. Pages 186 - 187.
Jump up ^ Public Register of all Arms and Bearings in Scotland. Edinburgh: Lord Lyon Office, 1677-. Volume 2: page 23
Jump up ^ Public Register of all Arms and Bearings in Scotland. Edinburgh: Lord Lyon Office, 1677-. Volume 3: page 94.
Jump up ^ Public Register of all Arms and Bearings in Scotland. Edinburgh: Lord Lyon Office, 1677-. Volume 43: page 86.
Jump up ^ "The modern creation of Kincaid as a Scottish Gaelic clan". Kyncades.org. Retrieved 2012-02-17.
Jump up ^ Public Register of all Arms and Bearings in Scotland. Edinburgh: Lord Lyon Office, 1677-. Volume 67: page 115.
Jump up ^ Public Register of all Arms and Bearings in Scotland. Edinburgh: Lord Lyon Office, 1677-. Volume 82: page 85.
Jump up ^ [1] Retrieved on 2010-04-20
Jump up ^ Membership Archived 27 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 2010-04-20
Jump up ^ "New project looks into the history of Lennox Castle - Local Headlines". Kirkintilloch Herald. 17 February 2012. Retrieved 2012-02-17.
Jump up ^ "IMDB | http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0348777/bio"
External links[edit]
Kincaid House
Clan Kincaid Organization
Kincaid surname DNA Project
Kincaid DNA Project Website
Kincaid-L mailing list
Kyncades family association
[show]
v
t
e
Scottish clans
List of tartans
Clans with chiefs
Agnew
Anstruther
Arbuthnott
Arthur
Bannerman
Barclay
Borthwick
Boyd
Boyle
Brodie
Broun
Bruce
Buchan
Burnett
Cameron
Campbell
Carmichael
Carnegie
Cathcart
Charteris
Chattan
Chisholm
Cochrane
Colquhoun
Colville
Cranstoun
Crichton
Cumming (Comyn)
Cunningham
Darroch
Davidson
Dewar
Drummond
Dunbar
Dundas
Durie
Elliot
Elphinstone
Erskine
Farquharson
Fergusson
Forbes
Forsyth
Fraser
Fraser of Lovat
Gordon
Graham
Grant
Gregor
Grierson
Gunn
Guthrie
Haig
Haldane
Hamilton
Hannay
Hay
Henderson
Home
Hope
Hunter
Irvine
Jardine
Johnstone
Keith
Kennedy
Kerr
Kincaid
Lamont
Leask
Lennox
Leslie
Lindsay
Lockhart
Lumsden
Lyon
MacAlister
MacBean
MacDonald
Macdonald of Clanranald
MacDonald of Keppoch
Macdonald of Sleat
MacDonell of Glengarry
MacDougall
Macdowall
MacIntyre
Mackay
Mackenzie
Mackinnon
Mackintosh
Maclachlan
Maclaine of Lochbuie
MacLaren
MacLea (Livingstone)
Maclean
MacLennan
MacLeod
MacLeod of Lewis
MacMillan
Macnab
Macnaghten
MacNeacail
MacNeil
Macpherson
MacTavish
MacThomas
Maitland
Makgill
Malcolm (MacCallum)
Mar
Marjoribanks
Matheson
Menzies
Moffat
Moncreiffe
Montgomery
Morrison
Munro
Murray
Napier
Nesbitt
Nicolson
Ogilvy
Oliphant
Primrose
Ramsay
Rattray
Riddell
Robertson
Rollo
Rose
Ross
Ruthven
Sandilands
Scott
Scrymgeour
Sempill
Shaw
Sinclair
Skene
Stirling
Strange
Stuart of Bute
Sutherland
Swinton
Trotter
Urquhart
Wallace
Wedderburn
Wemyss
Wood
Armigerous clans
Abercromby
Abernethy
Adair
Adam
Aikenhead
Ainslie
Aiton
Allardice
Anderson
Armstrong
Arnott
Auchinleck
Baillie
Baird
Balfour
Bannatyne
Baxter
Bell
Belshes
Bethune
Beveridge
Binning
Bissett
Blackadder
Blackstock
Blair
Blane
Blyth
Boswell
Brisbane
Buchanan
Butter
Byres
Cairns
Calder
Caldwell
Callender
Campbell of Breadalbane
Campbell of Cawdor
Carruthers
Cheyne
Chalmers
Clelland
Clephane
Cockburn
Congilton
Craig
Crawford
Crosbie
Dalmahoy
Dalrymple
Dalzell
Dennistoun
Don
Douglas
Duncan
Dunlop
Edmonstone
Fairlie
Falconer
Fenton
Fleming
Fletcher
Forrester
Fotheringham
Fullarton
Galbraith
Galloway
Gardyne
Gartshore
Gayre
Ged
Gibsone
Gladstains
Glas
Glen
Glendinning
Gray
Haliburton
Halkerston
Halket
Hepburn
Heron
Herries
Hogg
Hopkirk
Horsburgh
Houston
Hutton
Inglis
Innes
Kelly
Kinloch
Kinnaird
Kinnear
Kinninmont
Kirkcaldy
Kirkpatrick
Laing
Lammie
Langlands
Learmonth
Little
Logan
Logie
Lundin
Lyle
MacAlpin(e)
MacAulay
Macbrayne
MacDuff
MacEwen
MacFarlane
Macfie
MacGillivray
MacInnes
MacIver
Mackie
MacLellan
Macquarrie
Macqueen
Macrae
Masterton
Maule
Maxton
Maxwell
McCorquodale
McCulloch
McKerrell
Meldrum
Melville
Mercer
Middleton
Moncur
Monteith
Monypenny
Mouat
Moubray
Mow
Muir
Nairn
Nevoy
Newlands
Newton
Norvel
Ochterlony
Orrock
Paisley
Paterson
Pennycook
Pentland
Peter
Pitblado
Pitcairn
Pollock
Polwarth
Porterfield
Preston
Pringle
Purves
Rait
Ralston
Renton
Roberton
Rossie
Russell
Rutherford
Schaw
Seton
Skirving
Somerville
Spalding
Spens
Spottiswood
Stewart
Stewart of Appin
Stirling
Strachan
Straiton
Sydserf
Symmers
Tailyour
Tait
Tennant
Troup
Turnbull
Tweedie
Udny
Vans
Walkinshaw
Wardlaw
Watson
Wauchope
Weir
Whitefoord
Whitelaw
Wishart
Young
Culture and society
Scotland
Lord Lyon
Court of the Lord Lyon
Clan chief
Septs
Clan badge
Clan crest
Clan battles
Tartan
Bagpipes
Clearances
Kilt
Manrent
The Highlands
Battle of Culloden
Highland games
Border Reivers
Lowland Scots language
Scottish Gaelic language
Scottish heraldry
Scottish surnames
Shennachie
Independent Highland Companies
Sgian-dubh
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clan_Kincaid&oldid=815423042"
Categories:
Scottish clans
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
Use dmy dates from July 2013
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Русский
Українська
Edit links
This page was last edited on 14 December 2017, at 19:16.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: th

attrs: colspan style

value: tr

value: sup

value: td

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

values: Edit section: Wars of Scottish Independence

values: Edit section: 16th century and clan conflicts

values: Edit section: 17th century and civil war

values: Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms

values: Edit section: 18th century and Jacobite risings

values: Edit section: The modern Kincaids of Kincaid

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
nofollow
external text
http://kyncades.org/clan.htm

values:
nofollow
http://www.kincaidhouse.com/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.clankincaid.org/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.kincaiddna.org/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://kyncades.org/
external text

values:
/wiki/Chattan_Confederation
mw-redirect
Chattan Confederation

values:
/wiki/Clan_Cockburn
mw-redirect
Clan Cockburn

values:
/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language
mw-redirect
Scottish Gaelic language

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Clan_Kincaid
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: Клан Кинкейд – Russian

values: Клан Кінкейд – Ukrainian

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Clan_Kincaid rootpage-Clan_Kincaid skin-vector action-view