text:
Armor of God
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For other uses, see Armor of God (disambiguation).
The phrase "Armor of God" is derived from Ephesians 6:11: "Put on the whole armour of God, that ye may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil." (King James Version).[1] As a biblical reference, the metaphor may refer to physical armour worn by God in metaphorical battles, or it may refer to vigilant righteousness in general as bestowed by the grace of God (Romans 13:12, King James Version): "The night is far spent, the day is at hand: let us therefore cast off the works of darkness, and let us put on the armour of light."
The full Armour of God quote outlines these aspects of belief: truth, righteousness, preparation of the Gospel of peace, faith, salvation and the Word of God and Prayer. The armour that is available for believers to put on is God's own armour (Isaiah 59:16–19) for He is the Divine Warrior.
Contents
1 Quotes
2 Context
3 Interpretations
4 Pieces of Armor
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Quotes[edit]
Royal Military College of Canada memorial window Sir Lancelot wearing the whole Armour of God
The full quote as outlined in the King James Bible, is from Paul the Apostle's letter to the Ephesians 6:10–18:
(10) Finally, my brethren, be strong in the Lord, and in the power of his might. (11) Put on the whole armor of God, that ye may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil. (12) For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places. (13) Wherefore take unto you the whole armor of God, that ye may be able to withstand in the evil day, and having done all, to stand. (14) Stand therefore, having your loins girt about with truth, and having on the breastplate of righteousness; (15) And your feet shod with the preparation of the gospel of peace; (16) Above all, taking the shield of faith, wherewith ye shall be able to quench all the fiery darts of the wicked. (17) And take the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God: (18) Praying always with all prayer and supplication in the Spirit, and watching thereunto with all perseverance and supplication for all saints;[1]
Given the many points of contact between the Book of Wisdom and Paul's writings (particularly his Epistle to the Romans), it is perhaps unsurprising that the imagery of the Armor of God would be used here. Compare the various elements of the whole armor of God mentioned in the epistle to the Ephesians to Wisdom 5:17–20:
17 The Lord will take his zeal as his whole armor, and will arm all creation to repel his enemies; 18 he will put on righteousness as a breast plate, and wear impartial justice as a helmet; 19 he will take holiness as an invincible shield, 20 and sharpen stern wrath for a sword, and creation will join with him to fight against his frenzied foes.
Context[edit]
Other related passages, by Paul and references by later theologians, indicate a metaphorical context for the Armor of God. For instance, Paul's letter to the Romans indicates not a literal, but a figurative, application of the concept (Romans 13:12–14, New International Version):
(12) The night is nearly over; the day is almost here. So let us put aside the deeds of darkness and put on the armor of light. (13) Let us behave decently, as in the daytime, not in orgies and drunkenness, not in sexual immorality and debauchery, not in dissension and jealousy. (14) Rather, clothe yourselves with the Lord Jesus Christ, and do not think about how to gratify the desires of the sinful nature.[2]
In terms of the parts of the Armor of God, the various pieces (the belt of truth, the breastplate of righteousness, the shoes of the gospel of peace, the shield of faith, the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit) are correlated to what Paul would have witnessed firsthand as the arms and armor of Roman legionaries during his life in the Roman Empire.
Interpretations[edit]
In biblical exegesis, the vast majority of biblical scholars, Catholic, Protestant, and otherwise, agree that Paul used the concept as a reference to spiritual battle with the Devil.[3] Christians are to put on this armor and deal well with its upkeeping. This armor seems to be in direct correlation of that of the Roman Empire's soldiers.[4]
Pieces of Armor[edit]
The biblical text of Ephesians chapter 6 mentions six pieces of armor:
belt
breastplate
footwear
shield
helmet
sword
These pieces are described in Ephesians as follows: loins girt with truth (belt of truth), breastplate of righteousness, feet shod with the preparation of the gospel of peace (peace), shield of faith, helmet of salvation, and the sword of the spirit/word of God.[5]
The helmet of Salvation and the breastplate of Righteousness also appear in Isaiah 59:17[6][7]
See also[edit]
Shield of the Trinity
Bibleman
New Testament military metaphors
Miles Christianus
Soldiers of Christ, Arise
Territorial Spirit
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Bible Gateway Passage Lookup: Armour of God, New International Version. http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ephesians%206:10-18
Jump up ^ Bible Gateway Passage Lookup: Romans 13:12–14, New International Version. http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=romans%2013:12-14;&version=31;
Jump up ^ "What is the Armor of God?" Website. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-01-22. Retrieved 2009-01-13.
Jump up ^ "The Armor of God - in A study of Ephesians Chapter 6" Website. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-25. Retrieved 2011-03-11.
Jump up ^ "What is the Armor of God?" Website. http://www.crossroad.to/Victory/Armor.htm
Jump up ^ Isaiah 59:17, NIV (BibleGateway).
Jump up ^ Peter Thomas O'Brien, The Letter to the Ephesians, Eerdmans, 1999, ISBN 0802837360, p. 478.
Dallmann, Robert W. (2016). The Armor of God: Put It on, and Practice!. Niagara Falls, New York: ChristLife. ISBN 978-0-9914891-2-1.
External links[edit]
Armor of God - musical group
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text:
United States Mint coin sizes
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Main article: Coins of the United States dollar
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2006) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The United States Mint has minted over 20 different kinds of coins, of many different sizes. Often, it is difficult for people to get a grasp of what much of the historical coinage looked like, at least in relation to modern circulating coins. This chart shows all of the coin types, and their sizes, grouped by coins of similar size and by general composition.[1]
Seven distinct types of coin composition have been utilized over the past 200 years: three base coin alloys, two silver alloys, gold, and in recent years, platinum. The base metal coins were generally alloys of copper (for 2 cent coins and lower), and copper/nickel (for 3 and 5 cent coins). Copper/nickel composition is also used for all modern "silver" coins.[2]
US Coin Sizes and Composition
Steel Alloy
Copper
Copper Alloy
Silver Alloy
Silver
Gold
Platinum
Three Cent
14 mm
0.8 g
0.750 fine
1851–1853
14 mm
0.75 g
0.900 fine
1854–1873
Half Dime
15.5 mm
1.24 g
1794–1873 Dollar
15 mm
1.67 gr
1849–1889 $5 AGE Bullion
16.5 mm
3.11 g
1986–present $10 APE Bullion
16.5 mm
3.11 g
1997–present
Three Cent
17.9 mm
1.94 g
1865–1889 Dime (Clad)
17.91 mm
2.268 g
1965–present Dime
17.9 mm
2.5 g
1796–1964 $2.50 Gold Quarter Eagle
18 mm
4.2 g
1796–1929
Small Cent
19.05 mm
2.5 g
1943 Small Cent
19.05 mm
2.5 g
1983–present
3.11 g
to 1982
Three Dollar
20.5 mm
5.01 g
1853–1876
Nickel
21.21 mm
5 g
1866–present Nickel
21.21 mm
5 g
1942–1945 Twenty Cent
22 mm
5 g
1875–1878 $5 Half Eagle
21.6 mm
8.36 g
1795–1929 $10 AGE Bullion
22 mm
7.78 g
1986–present $25 APE Bullion
22 mm
7.78 g
1997–present
Half Cent
23.5 mm
6.74 g
1795–1857 Two Cent
23 mm
6.22 g
1864–1873 Quarter (Clad)
24.26 mm
5.67 g
1965–present Quarter
24.3 mm
6.25 g
1796–1965
Dollar
26.5 mm
8.1 g
1979–Present[3] $10 Eagle
27 mm
17.5 g
1795–1933 $25 AGE Bullion
27 mm
17.5 g
1986–present $50 APE Bullion
27 mm
15.6 g
1997–present
Large Cent
29 mm
10.89 g
1793–1857 Half Dollar
30.61 mm
11.34 g
1971–present Half Dollar (40%)
30.6 mm
12.5 g
1965–1971 Half Dollar
30.6 mm
12.5 g
1796–1964
$50 Bullion
32.7 mm
31.1 g
1986–present $100 APE Bullion
32.7 mm
31.1 g
1997–present
$20 Double Eagle
34 mm
35 g
1850–1933
Dollar (Clad)
38.1 mm
22.68 g
1971–1978 Dollar
38.1 mm
26.73 g
1794–1970
$1 ASE Bullion
40.6 mm
31.1 g
1986–present
Representative images of US coin sizes
Steel Alloy
Copper
Copper Alloy
Silver Alloy
Silver
Gold
Platinum
Notes on the tables:
Images are close to actual size on a 92-dpi monitor.
Clad Half Dollars, Silver Half Dollars and Dollars, and Gold Half Eagles and Eagles are still regularly minted as commemorative coins. Dimes, quarters and half dollars are also struck in 90% silver for special annual collector's sets.
The silver-colored Susan B. Anthony dollar was replaced with gold-colored Sacagawea Dollar in 2000 and Presidential Dollars 2007-2016; though the composition changed, the coin's size and weight remain the same.
Some variances in coin size and weight occurred over time, especially as the value of silver varied. In particular, many silver coins changed in the 1870s. The figures cited in the tables are representative of the series, and are generally the latest, or most common, figures for a given coin type.
The largest coin ever minted by the US Mint was a gold "Half Union" pattern in 1877, weighing 83.45 grams, and 51.1 mm in diameter. The largest coin actually issued by the mint was the Panama-Pacific Exposition $50 gold commemorative, at 83.572 grams and 44 mm. An octagonal version of the coin was slightly larger, measuring 45 mm at its widest point.
Jump up ^ "The United States Mint: Frequently Asked Questions". Retrieved 24 March 2010.
Jump up ^ "Coin Composition, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta".
Jump up ^ Native American $1 Coin
[show]
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Topics
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West Point
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Current coinage
Penny (1¢)
Nickel (5¢)
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Quarter (25¢)
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Bullion coinage
America the Beautiful Silver Bullion Coins
American Buffalo
American Gold Eagle
American Platinum Eagle
American Silver Eagle
American Palladium Eagle
Current paper money
$1
$2
$5
$10
$20
$50
$100
See also
Bicentennial coinage
Commemoratives
Early Commemoratives
Modern Commemoratives
Confederate dollar
Large denominations
Obsolete denominations
Promotional fake denominations
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Mill
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In God We Trust
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Topics
United States coinage
United States dollar
History of the United States dollar
Coins
Half cent (1793–1857)
Fugio Cent (1787)
Large cent (1793–1857; 1868)
Two-cent piece (1836; 1864–1873)
Three-cent nickel (1865–1889)
Three-cent silver (1851–1873)
Half dime (1792–1873)
Twenty-cent piece (1875–1878)
Gold coins
Gold dollar (1849–1889)
Quarter eagle (1796–1929)
Three-dollar piece (1854–1889)
Half eagle (1795–1929)
Eagle (1795–1933)
Double eagle (1850–1933)
Half-union (1877, 1915)
Patterns
Two-cent billon (1836)
Three-cent bronze (1863)
Stella (1879–1880)
Currency
Discontinued denominations
Fractional currency
Large denominations of currency
Discontinued currency types
Early American currency
Compound interest treasury note
Demand Note
Federal Reserve Bank Note
Gold certificate
Interest bearing note
National Bank Note
National gold bank note
Refunding Certificate
Silver certificate
Treasury or Coin Note
Treasury Note (19th century)
United States Note
United States postal notes
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Clad Anthony Dollar

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Silver Peace Dollar

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$1 Silver Bullion

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text:
List of Major League Baseball retired numbers
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Plaques of numbers retired by the New York Yankees in Monument Park at Yankee Stadium
Major League Baseball and its participating clubs have retired various uniform numbers over the course of time, ensuring that those numbers are never worn again and thus will always be associated with particular players or managers of note. The use of numbers on uniforms to better identify one player from another, and hence to boost sales of scorecards, was tried briefly by the Cleveland Indians of 1916, but this failed. The first team to permanently adopt the practice was the New York Yankees of 1929. By 1932, all 16 major league clubs were issuing numbers, and by 1937, the leagues passed rules requiring it.
The Yankees' original approach was to simply assign the numbers 1 through 8 to the regular starting lineup in their normal batting order. Hence, Babe Ruth wore number 3 and Lou Gehrig number 4. The first major leaguer whose number was retired was Gehrig, in July 1939, following his retirement due to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which became known popularly as Lou Gehrig's Disease.
Since then, over 150 other people have had their numbers retired, some with more than one team. This includes managers and coaches, as Major League Baseball is the only one of the major North American professional leagues in which the coaching staff wear the same uniforms as players. Three numbers have been retired in honor of people not directly involved on the playing field – all three for team executives. Some of the game's early stars, such as Ty Cobb and Christy Mathewson, retired before numbers came into usage. Teams often celebrate their retired numbers and other honored people by hanging banners with the numbers and names. Early stars, as well as honored non-players, will often have numberless banners hanging along with the retired numbers. Because fewer and fewer players stay with one team long enough to warrant their number being retired, some players believe that getting their number retired is a greater honor than going into the Baseball Hall of Fame. Ron Santo, upon his number 10 being retired by the Chicago Cubs on the last day of the 2003 regular season, enthusiastically told the Wrigley Field crowd as his #10 flag was hoisted, "This is my Hall of Fame!"[1] However, Santo would be inducted into the Hall of Fame in July 2012, nearly two years after his death, after being voted in by the Veterans Committee.
Contents
[hide]
1 List of all-time retired numbers
2 List of pending number retirements
3 Former retired numbers
4 Retired in honor of multiple players
5 Alternative methods of recognition
5.1 Numbers kept out of circulation
6 Number retired by Major League Baseball
7 Similar honors
7.1 Players who pre-date uniform numbers
7.2 Broadcasters
7.3 Owners and contributors
7.4 Umpires
8 See also
9 References
10 Additional reading
11 External links
List of all-time retired numbers[edit]
Elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame
No.
Player or other figure
Team
Date
1 Meyer, BillyBilly Meyer Pirates 000000001954-01-01-00001954
1 Selig, BudBud Selig [Notes 1] Brewers 000000002015-04-06-0000April 6, 2015
1 Reese, Pee WeePee Wee Reese Dodgers 000000001984-07-01-0000July 1, 1984
1 Doerr, BobbyBobby Doerr Red Sox 000000001988-05-21-0000May 21, 1988
1 Hutchinson, FredFred Hutchinson Reds 000000001964-10-19-0000October 19, 1964
1 Smith, OzzieOzzie Smith Cardinals 000000001996-09-26-0000September 26, 1996
1 Ashburn, RichieRichie Ashburn Phillies 000000001979-08-24-0000August 24, 1979
1 Martin, BillyBilly Martin Yankees 000000001986-08-10-0000August 10, 1986
2 Schoendienst, RedRed Schoendienst Cardinals 000000001996-05-11-0000May 11, 1996
2 Fox, NellieNellie Fox White Sox 000000001976-05-01-0000May 1, 1976
2 Lasorda, TommyTommy Lasorda Dodgers 000000001997-08-15-0000August 15, 1997
2 Gehringer, CharlieCharlie Gehringer Tigers 000000001983-06-12-0000June 12, 1983
2 Jeter, DerekDerek Jeter Yankees 000000002017-05-14-0000May 14, 2017
3 Ruth, BabeBabe Ruth Yankees 000000001948-06-13-0000June 13, 1948
3 Averill, EarlEarl Averill Indians 000000001975-06-08-0000June 8, 1975
3 Terry, BillBill Terry Giants 000000001984-01-01-00001984
3 Killebrew, HarmonHarmon Killebrew Twins 000000001974-05-04-0000May 4, 1974
3 Murphy, DaleDale Murphy Braves 000000001994-06-13-0000June 13, 1994
3 Baines, HaroldHarold Baines White Sox 000000001989-08-20-0000August 20, 1989
4 Appling, LukeLuke Appling White Sox 000000001975-06-07-0000June 7, 1975
4 Weaver, EarlEarl Weaver Orioles 000000001982-09-19-0000September 19, 1982
4 Snider, DukeDuke Snider Dodgers 000000001980-07-06-0000July 6, 1980
4 Kiner, RalphRalph Kiner Pirates 000000001987-09-19-0000September 19, 1987
4 Gehrig, LouLou Gehrig Yankees 000000001939-07-04-0000July 4, 1939
4 Molitor, PaulPaul Molitor Brewers 000000001999-06-11-0000June 11, 1999
4 Ott, MelMel Ott Giants 000000001948-07-17-0000July 17, 1948
4 Cronin, JoeJoe Cronin Red Sox 000000001984-05-29-0000May 29, 1984
5 Robinson, BrooksBrooks Robinson Orioles 000000001978-04-14-0000April 14, 1978
5 Boudreau, LouLou Boudreau Indians 000000001970-07-09-0000July 9, 1970
5 Brett, GeorgeGeorge Brett Royals 000000001994-05-14-0000May 14, 1994
5 Bench, JohnnyJohnny Bench Reds 000000001984-08-11-0000August 11, 1984
5 Greenberg, HankHank Greenberg Tigers 000000001983-06-12-0000June 12, 1983
5 DiMaggio, JoeJoe DiMaggio Yankees 000000001952-04-18-0000April 18, 1952
5 Bagwell, JeffJeff Bagwell Astros 000000002007-08-26-0000August 26, 2007
6 Pesky, JohnnyJohnny Pesky Red Sox 000000002008-09-28-0000September 28, 2008
6 Garvey, SteveSteve Garvey Padres 000000001988-04-16-0000April 16, 1988
6 Musial, StanStan Musial Cardinals 000000001963-09-29-0000September 29, 1963
6 Kaline, AlAl Kaline Tigers 000000001980-08-17-0000August 17, 1980
6 Oliva, TonyTony Oliva Twins 000000001991-07-14-0000July 14, 1991
6 Cox, BobbyBobby Cox Braves 000000002011-08-12-0000August 12, 2011
6 Torre, JoeJoe Torre Yankees 000000002014-08-23-0000August 23, 2014
7 Mantle, MickeyMickey Mantle Yankees 000000001969-06-08-0000June 8, 1969
7 Biggio, CraigCraig Biggio Astros 000000002008-08-17-0000August 17, 2008
7 Rodriguez, IvanIvan Rodriguez Rangers 000000002017-08-12-0000August 12, 2017
8 Stargell, WillieWillie Stargell Pirates 000000001982-09-06-0000September 6, 1982
8 Morgan, JoeJoe Morgan Reds 000000001998-06-06-0000June 6, 1998
8 Berra, YogiYogi Berra Yankees 000000001972-07-22-0000July 22, 1972
8 Dickey, BillBill Dickey Yankees 000000001972-07-22-0000July 22, 1972
8 Ripken Jr., CalCal Ripken Jr. Orioles 000000002001-10-06-0000October 6, 2001
8 Yastrzemski, CarlCarl Yastrzemski Red Sox 000000001989-08-06-0000August 6, 1989
9 Williams, TedTed Williams Red Sox 000000001984-05-29-0000May 29, 1984
9 Jackson, ReggieReggie Jackson Athletics 000000002004-05-22-0000May 22, 2004
9 Minoso, MinnieMinnie Miñoso White Sox 000000001983-05-08-0000May 8, 1983
9 Slaughter, EnosEnos Slaughter Cardinals 000000001996-09-06-0000September 6, 1996
9 Mazeroski, BillBill Mazeroski Pirates 000000001987-08-07-0000August 7, 1987
9 Maris, RogerRoger Maris Yankees 000000001984-07-21-0000July 21, 1984
10 Anderson, SparkySparky Anderson Reds 000000002005-05-28-0000May 28, 2005
10 Howser, DickDick Howser Royals 000000001987-07-03-0000July 3, 1987
10 Rizzuto, PhilPhil Rizzuto Yankees 000000001985-08-04-0000August 4, 1985
10 Santo, RonRon Santo Cubs 000000002003-09-28-0000September 28, 2003
10 La Russa, TonyTony La Russa Cardinals 000000002012-05-11-0000May 11, 2012
10 Kelly, TomTom Kelly Twins 000000002012-09-08-0000September 8, 2012
10 Jones, ChipperChipper Jones Braves 000000002013-06-28-0000June 28, 2013
11 Hubbell, CarlCarl Hubbell Giants 000000001944-01-01-00001944
11 Fregosi, JimJim Fregosi Angels 000000001998-08-01-0000August 1, 1998
11 Aparicio, LuisLuis Aparicio [Notes 2] White Sox 000000001984-08-14-0000August 14, 1984
11 Waner, PaulPaul Waner Pirates 000000002007-07-21-0000July 21, 2007
11 Anderson, SparkySparky Anderson Tigers 000000002011-06-26-0000June 26, 2011
11 Larkin, BarryBarry Larkin Reds 000000002012-08-25-0000August 25, 2012
11 Martínez, EdgarEdgar Martínez Mariners 000000002017-08-12-0000August 12, 2017
12 Boggs, WadeWade Boggs Rays 000000002000-04-07-0000April 7, 2000
12 Alomar, RobertoRoberto Alomar Blue Jays 000000002011-07-31-0000July 31, 2011
13 Concepción, DaveDave Concepción Reds 000000002007-08-25-0000August 25, 2007
14 Banks, ErnieErnie Banks Cubs 000000001982-08-22-0000August 22, 1982
14 Hrbek, KentKent Hrbek Twins 000000001995-08-13-0000August 13, 1995
14 Doby, LarryLarry Doby Indians 000000001994-07-03-0000July 3, 1994
14 Boyer, KenKen Boyer Cardinals 000000001984-05-20-0000May 20, 1984
14 Hodges, GilGil Hodges Mets 000000001973-06-09-0000June 9, 1973
14 Bunning, JimJim Bunning Phillies 000000002001-04-16-0000April 16, 2001
14 Rice, JimJim Rice Red Sox 000000002009-07-28-0000July 28, 2009
14 Konerko, PaulPaul Konerko White Sox 000000002015-05-23-0000May 23, 2015
14 Rose, PetePete Rose Reds 000000002016-06-26-0000June 26, 2016
15 Munson, ThurmanThurman Munson Yankees 000000001979-08-03-0000August 3, 1979
16 Lyons, TedTed Lyons White Sox 000000001987-07-25-0000July 25, 1987
16 Ford, WhiteyWhitey Ford Yankees 000000001974-08-03-0000August 3, 1974
16 Newhouser, HalHal Newhouser Tigers 000000001997-07-27-0000July 27, 1997
17 Dean, DizzyDizzy Dean Cardinals 000000001974-09-22-0000September 22, 1974
17 Helton, ToddTodd Helton Rockies 000000002014-08-17-0000August 17, 2014
18 Kluszewski, TedTed Kluszewski Reds 000000001998-07-18-0000July 18, 1998
18 Harder, MelMel Harder Indians 000000001990-07-28-0000July 28, 1990
19 Feller, BobBob Feller Indians 000000001956-12-28-0000December 28, 1956
19 Pierce, BillyBilly Pierce White Sox 000000001987-07-25-0000July 25, 1987
19 Gilliam, JimJim Gilliam Dodgers 000000001978-10-10-0000October 10, 1978
19 Gwynn, TonyTony Gwynn Padres 000000002004-09-04-0000September 4, 2004
19 Yount, RobinRobin Yount Brewers 000000001994-05-29-0000May 29, 1994
20 Gonzalez, LuisLuis Gonzalez Diamondbacks 000000002010-08-07-0000August 7, 2010
20 Irvin, MonteMonte Irvin Giants 000000002010-06-26-0000June 26, 2010
20 Brock, LouLou Brock Cardinals 000000001979-09-09-0000September 9, 1979
20 Posada, JorgeJorge Posada Yankees 000000002015-08-22-0000August 22, 2015
20 Robinson, FrankFrank Robinson Orioles 000000001972-03-10-0000March 10, 1972
20 Robinson, FrankFrank Robinson Reds 000000001998-05-22-0000May 22, 1998
20 Robinson, FrankFrank Robinson Indians 000000002017-05-27-0000May 27, 2017
20 Traynor, PiePie Traynor Pirates 000000001972-04-18-0000April 18, 1972
20 Schmidt, MikeMike Schmidt Phillies 000000001990-05-26-0000May 26, 1990
20 Sutton, DonDon Sutton Dodgers 000000001998-08-14-0000August 14, 1998
20 White, FrankFrank White Royals 000000001995-05-02-0000May 2, 1995
21 Lemon, BobBob Lemon Indians 000000001998-06-20-0000June 20, 1998
21 Spahn, WarrenWarren Spahn Braves 000000001965-12-11-0000December 11, 1965
21 Clemente, RobertoRoberto Clemente Pirates 000000001973-04-06-0000April 6, 1973
22 Palmer, JimJim Palmer Orioles 000000001985-09-01-0000September 1, 1985
23 Sandberg, RyneRyne Sandberg Cubs 000000002005-08-28-0000August 28, 2005
23 Mattingly, DonDon Mattingly Yankees 000000001997-08-31-0000August 31, 1997
23 Horton, WillieWillie Horton Tigers 000000002000-07-15-0000July 15, 2000
24 Herzog, WhiteyWhitey Herzog Cardinals 000000002010-07-31-0000July 31, 2010
24 Pérez, TonyTony Pérez Reds 000000002000-05-27-0000May 27, 2000
24 Mays, WillieWillie Mays Giants 000000001972-05-12-0000May 12, 1972
24 Alston, WalterWalter Alston Dodgers 000000001977-06-05-0000June 5, 1977
24 Griffey Jr., KenKen Griffey Jr. Mariners 000000002016-08-06-0000August 6, 2016[Notes 3]
24 Wynn, JimmyJimmy Wynn Astros 000000002005-06-25-0000June 25, 2005
24 Henderson, RickeyRickey Henderson Athletics 000000002009-08-01-0000August 1, 2009
25 Cruz, JoséJosé Cruz Astros 000000001992-10-03-0000October 3, 1992
26 Williams, BillyBilly Williams Cubs 000000001987-08-13-0000August 13, 1987
26 Autry, GeneGene Autry[Notes 4] Angels 000000001982-08-03-0000August 3, 1982
26 Oates, JohnnyJohnny Oates Rangers 000000002005-08-05-0000August 5, 2005
26 Boggs, WadeWade Boggs Red Sox 000000002016-05-26-0000May 26, 2016
27 Fisk, CarltonCarlton Fisk Red Sox 000000002000-09-04-0000September 4, 2000
27 Hunter, CatfishCatfish Hunter Athletics 000000001991-06-09-0000June 9, 1991
27 Marichal, JuanJuan Marichal Giants 000000001983-07-10-0000July 10, 1983
28 Blyleven, BertBert Blyleven Twins 000000002011-07-16-0000July 16, 2011
29 Carew, RodRod Carew Angels 000000001991-08-06-0000August 6, 1991
29 Carew, RodRod Carew Twins 000000001987-07-19-0000July 19, 1987
29 Smoltz, JohnJohn Smoltz Braves 000000002012-06-08-0000June 8, 2012
30 Cepeda, OrlandoOrlando Cepeda Giants 000000001999-07-11-0000July 11, 1999
30 Ryan, NolanNolan Ryan Angels 000000001992-06-16-0000June 16, 1992
31 Winfield, DaveDave Winfield Padres 000000002001-04-14-0000April 14, 2001
31 Maddux, GregGreg Maddux Cubs 000000002009-05-03-0000May 3, 2009
31 Maddux, GregGreg Maddux Braves 000000002009-07-17-0000July 17, 2009
31 Jenkins, FergusonFerguson Jenkins Cubs 000000002009-05-03-0000May 3, 2009
31 Piazza, MikeMike Piazza Mets 000000002016-07-30-0000July 30, 2016
32 Carlton, SteveSteve Carlton Phillies 000000001989-07-29-0000July 29, 1989
32 Koufax, SandySandy Koufax Dodgers 000000001972-06-04-0000June 4, 1972
32 Howard, ElstonElston Howard Yankees 000000001984-07-21-0000July 21, 1984
32 Umbricht, JimJim Umbricht Astros 000000001965-04-12-0000April 12, 1965
33 Scott, MikeMike Scott Astros 000000001992-10-03-0000October 3, 1992
33 Murray, EddieEddie Murray Orioles 000000001998-06-07-0000June 7, 1998
33 Wagner, HonusHonus Wagner Pirates 000000001952-02-16-0000February 16, 1952
34 Fingers, RollieRollie Fingers Brewers 000000001992-08-09-0000August 9, 1992
34 Fingers, RollieRollie Fingers Athletics 000000001993-07-05-0000July 5, 1993
34 Ryan, NolanNolan Ryan Rangers 000000001996-09-15-0000September 15, 1996
34 Ryan, NolanNolan Ryan Astros 000000001996-09-29-0000September 29, 1996
34 Puckett, KirbyKirby Puckett Twins 000000001997-05-25-0000May 25, 1997
34 Ortiz, DavidDavid Ortiz Red Sox 000000002017-06-23-0000June 23, 2017
35 Jones, RandyRandy Jones Padres 000000001997-05-09-0000May 9, 1997
35 Niekro, PhilPhil Niekro Braves 000000001984-08-06-0000August 6, 1984
35 Thomas, FrankFrank Thomas White Sox 000000002010-08-29-0000August 29, 2010
36 Perry, GaylordGaylord Perry Giants 000000002005-07-23-0000July 23, 2005
36 Roberts, RobinRobin Roberts Phillies 000000001962-03-21-0000March 21, 1962
37 Stengel, CaseyCasey Stengel Yankees 000000001970-08-08-0000August 8, 1970
37 Stengel, CaseyCasey Stengel Mets 000000001965-09-02-0000September 2, 1965
39 Campanella, RoyRoy Campanella Dodgers 000000001972-06-04-0000June 4, 1972
40 Wilson, DonDon Wilson Astros 000000001975-04-13-0000April 13, 1975
40 Murtaugh, DannyDanny Murtaugh Pirates 000000001977-04-07-0000April 7, 1977
41 Mathews, EddieEddie Mathews Braves 000000001969-07-26-0000July 26, 1969
41 Seaver, TomTom Seaver Mets 000000001988-06-24-0000June 24, 1988
42 Rivera, MarianoMariano Rivera Yankees 000000002013-09-22-0000September 22, 2013
42 Robinson, JackieJackie Robinson Dodgers 000000001972-06-04-0000June 4, 1972
42 Robinson, JackieJackie Robinson All MLB 000000001997-04-15-0000April 15, 1997
42 Sutter, BruceBruce Sutter Cardinals 000000002006-09-17-0000September 17, 2006
43 Eckersley, DennisDennis Eckersley Athletics 000000002005-08-13-0000August 13, 2005
44 Aaron, HankHank Aaron Braves 000000001977-04-15-0000April 15, 1977
44 Aaron, HankHank Aaron Brewers 000000001976-10-03-0000October 3, 1976
44 Jackson, ReggieReggie Jackson Yankees 000000001993-08-14-0000August 14, 1993
44 McCovey, WillieWillie McCovey Giants 000000001980-09-21-0000September 21, 1980
45 Gibson, BobBob Gibson Cardinals 000000001975-09-01-0000September 1, 1975
45 Martinez, PedroPedro Martínez Red Sox 000000002015-07-28-0000July 28, 2015
46 Pettitte, AndyAndy Pettitte Yankees 000000002015-08-23-0000August 23, 2015
47 Glavine, TomTom Glavine Braves 000000002010-08-06-0000August 6, 2010
49 Dierker, LarryLarry Dierker Astros 000000002002-05-19-0000May 19, 2002
49 Guidry, RonRon Guidry Yankees 000000002003-08-23-0000August 23, 2003
50 Reese, JimmieJimmie Reese Angels 000000001995-08-02-0000August 2, 1995
51 Johnson, RandyRandy Johnson Diamondbacks 000000002015-08-08-0000August 8, 2015
51 Hoffman, TrevorTrevor Hoffman Padres 000000002011-08-21-0000August 21, 2011
51 Williams, BernieBernie Williams Yankees 000000002015-05-24-0000May 24, 2015
53 Drysdale, DonDon Drysdale Dodgers 000000001984-07-01-0000July 1, 1984
56 Buehrle, MarkMark Buehrle White Sox 000000002017-06-24-0000June 24, 2017
66 Zimmer, DonDon Zimmer Rays 000000002015-04-06-0000April 6, 2015
72 Fisk, CarltonCarlton Fisk White Sox 000000001997-09-14-0000September 14, 1997
85 Busch, Jr., AugustAugust Busch, Jr.[Notes 5] Cardinals 000000001984-04-13-0000April 13, 1984
455 Indians fans[Notes 6] Indians 000000002001-05-29-0000May 29, 2001
Jump up ^ Team founder and former MLB Commissioner. Number selected symbolically.
Jump up ^ Aparicio's number was temporarily unretired with his approval for fellow Venezuelan shortstop Omar Vizquel. Vizquel played the 2010 and 2011 seasons with the White Sox.
Jump up ^ Date of formal ceremony; number retirement took effect at the start of the 2016 MLB season. The number was also retired for all Mariners minor league affiliates at that time.
Jump up ^ Team founder. The number represents the "26th man"—Major League Baseball rosters are limited to 25 players, except for games played on or after September 1, when rosters are expanded to 40.
Jump up ^ Served as president, chairman, or CEO of the Cardinals from the team's purchase by Anheuser-Busch in 1953 until his death in 1989. The number represents his age at the time the number was retired in 1984.
Jump up ^ The Number 455 was retired in honor of the fans after the Indians sold out 455 consecutive games.
List of pending number retirements[edit]
No.
Player or other figure
Team
Date
3 Trammell, AlanAlan Trammell Tigers August 26, 2018
16 Fernández, JoséJosé Fernández Marlins Unannounced
47 Morris, JackJack Morris Tigers August 12, 2018
Former retired numbers[edit]
It is very rare for a team to reissue a retired number, and usually requires a special circumstance, such as the person for whom the number was retired returning to the team in a player, coach or manager role. Harold Baines provides one example of this when he returned to the White Sox multiple times.[2] The White Sox also re-issued Luis Aparicio's number 11, with his permission, to fellow countryman Omar Vizquel in 2010–11.[3]
In cases of franchise relocation, the handling of existing retired numbers is at the discretion of team management. The team may decide to continue honoring the retired numbers (as did the San Francisco Giants), or it may choose to make a "fresh start" and reissue the numbers (as the Washington Nationals have done).
The Cincinnati Reds returned Willard Hershberger's number 5 to circulation two years after his death. Cincinnati later re-retired the number to honor Johnny Bench.
When the Florida Marlins moved to their current stadium, Marlins Park, and were rebranded as the Miami Marlins, the number 5, which had been retired for the team's late first president Carl Barger, was returned to circulation because player Logan Morrison requested permission to wear the number to honor his father.[4]
No.
Name
Team
Retirement Date
5 Barger, CarlCarl Barger[Notes 1] Marlins 000000001993-04-05-0000April 5, 1993
8 Carter, GaryGary Carter [Notes 2] Expos 000000001993-07-31-0000July 31, 1993
10 Dawson, AndreAndre Dawson [Notes 2] Expos 000000001997-07-06-0000July 6, 1997
5 Hershberger, WillardWillard Hershberger[Notes 3] Reds 000000001940-01-01-00001940
30 Raines, TimTim Raines [Notes 2] Expos 000000002004-06-19-0000June 19, 2004
10 Staub, RustyRusty Staub[Notes 2] Expos 000000001993-05-15-0000May 15, 1993
Jump up ^ Placed into circulation in 2012 when the Marlins moved to their new park and decided to honor Barger instead with a plaque at the stadium. The first player to receive the number was Logan Morrison. Barger was the team's first president, but died in December 1992, four months before the team's first game. The Marlins chose to retire #5 because it was the number worn by Barger's favorite player, Joe DiMaggio.
^ Jump up to: a b c d The Montreal Expos retired numbers in honor of four players (Carter #8, Dawson #10, Staub #10, Raines #30). When the franchise relocated to Washington, D.C., after the 2004 season, the newly christened Washington Nationals chose not to recognize any uniform number retired while in Montreal. On October 18, 2005, the NHL's Montreal Canadiens honored the departed team by raising an Expos commemorative banner listing the retired numbers to the rafters of Montreal's Bell Centre.
Jump up ^ The Reds retired Hershberger's #5 after his death in 1940, but returned it to circulation two years later. Cincinnati later re-retired the number 5 for Johnny Bench.
Retired in honor of multiple players[edit]
The following numbers have been retired in honor of multiple players:
Chicago Cubs, #31: retired in 2009 for Ferguson Jenkins and Greg Maddux[5]
Cincinnati Reds, #5: retired in 1940 for Willard Hershberger who had committed suicide during the season; returned to service in 1942; retired in 1984 for Johnny Bench[5]
Montreal Expos, #10: retired for Rusty Staub in 1993; ceremony to honor #10 for Andre Dawson was held in 1997[6][5]
New York Yankees, #8: retired in 1972 for Bill Dickey and Yogi Berra[7]
St. Louis Cardinals, #42: retired in 1997 by all teams in MLB for Jackie Robinson; ceremony to honor #42 for Bruce Sutter was held in 2006[8]
New York Yankees, #42: retired in 1997 by all teams in MLB for Jackie Robinson; ceremony to honor #42 for Mariano Rivera was held in 2013
Alternative methods of recognition[edit]
A number of teams have formal or informal policies of only retiring numbers of players inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame, although there is no league-wide uniformity and teams sometimes break their own guidelines.[9][10] As an alternative to retiring numbers, many teams have established other means of honoring former players, such as team-specific Halls of Fame (Angels, Braves, Brewers, Cardinals, Indians, Mariners, Mets, Orioles, Padres, Rangers, Reds, Red Sox, and Twins) or Walls of Fame (Giants and Phillies) or a Ring of Honor (Nationals). In addition, several teams have kept certain numbers out of circulation since a player left, but have not formally retired them.[11][12]
Only one team does not currently have any retired jersey numbers (other than Robinson's #42 retired in all of MLB). The Washington Nationals franchise had retired jerseys in honor of four players when known as the Montreal Expos, but un-retired them upon moving to Washington. The Nationals have established a "Ring of Honor" instead, which includes two of those Expos players, Gary Carter and Andre Dawson; the Nationals' first manager, Frank Robinson; players from the original Washington Senators Joe Cronin, Rick Ferrell, Goose Goslin, Bucky Harris, Walter Johnson, Heinie Manush, Sam Rice, Harmon Killebrew, and Early Wynn, as well as owner Clark Griffith; players from the second Senators franchise Frank Howard; and Homestead Grays players Cool Papa Bell, Ray Brown, Josh Gibson, Buck Leonard, Cumberland Posey, and Jud Wilson.[13][14]
The Miami Marlins had previously retired #5 in honor of their first team president, the late Carl Barger, but un-retired it entering the 2012 season. The Marlins did not have another retired number until September 26, 2016, when #16 was retired following the death of pitcher José Fernández.[15]
Numbers kept out of circulation[edit]
Some teams have not formally retired certain numbers, but nonetheless kept them out of circulation. For example, the Los Angeles Dodgers' current policy is only to retire the numbers of longtime club members if they are inducted into the Hall of Fame; the lone exception was longtime Dodger player and coach Jim Gilliam, whose #19 was retired when he died of a cerebral hemorrhage during the Dodgers' 1978 postseason run. Nevertheless, the Dodgers have informally kept Fernando Valenzuela's #34 out of circulation since his retirement.[16] The San Francisco Giants have a similar policy, but have kept Barry Bonds' #25 out of circulation since he departed after the 2007 season, though it is not formally retired.[10][12]
The Seattle Mariners have kept the following numbers out of circulation since the departure of a popular member of the team who wore it: #14 (Lou Piniella), #19 (Jay Buhner), and #51 (initially for Randy Johnson, and later for Ichiro Suzuki). Similarly, no one had worn #33 for the Colorado Rockies since the departure of Larry Walker in 2004 until Walker gave his approval for Justin Morneau, a fellow British Columbia native who had idolized Walker as a boy, to wear it when Morneau was with the team from 2014 to 2015.[17]
On Opening Day of the 2012 season, the New York Mets unveiled a memorial "Kid 8" logo to honor the late Gary Carter. Although no Met has worn the number 8 since Carter's election to the Hall of Fame, it is not retired. Following Willie Mays' retirement in 1973, Mets owner Joan Payson promised him that the team would not reissue his #24; since then, the only Met to wear it has been Rickey Henderson from 1999 to 2000 (with the exception of a minor league call-up named Kelvin Torve, who was inexplicably issued #24 in August 1990 before fan complaints prompted the team to change his number to #39 ten days later[18]).
The New York Yankees have not re-issued Paul O'Neill's #21 since he ended his career, except for a brief period in 2008 when Morgan Ensberg and then LaTroy Hawkins wore #21, before fan complaints led Hawkins to change his number to #22 in April.[19] The Boston Red Sox have not re-issued uniform numbers 21 (Roger Clemens), 33 (Jason Varitek) and 49 (Tim Wakefield) since those players left the Red Sox or ended their careers.[20]
After Darryl Kile's death in 2002, the teams he played for (Colorado Rockies, Houston Astros, and St. Louis Cardinals) took his #57 out of circulation, but have not formally retired the number.[11]
Number retired by Major League Baseball[edit]
Normally the individual clubs are responsible for retiring numbers. On April 15, 1997, Major League Baseball took the unusual move of retiring a number for all teams. On the 50th anniversary of Jackie Robinson's breaking the major league color barrier, his number 42 was retired throughout the majors, at the order of Commissioner Bud Selig. This meant that no future player on any major league team could wear number 42, although players wearing #42 at the time were allowed to continue wearing it (Mariano Rivera was the last active player to be grandfathered in, retiring after the 2013 season).[21] Starting in the 2007 season, the 60th anniversary of Robinson's Major League debut, players and coaches have all worn the number 42 as a tribute to Robinson on Jackie Robinson Day, April 15.
There is a lobby to have uniform #21 retired in all of baseball to honor Roberto Clemente.[22]
Similar honors[edit]
Players who pre-date uniform numbers[edit]
Four teams have honored players who played before the advent of uniform numbers by placing their names among those of players whose numbers have been retired:
Philadelphia Phillies: Grover Cleveland Alexander, Chuck Klein; both are denoted with a stylized "P" at Citizens Bank Park (Klein had various numbers in the later years of his career, but never wore one consistently)
Detroit Tigers: Ty Cobb, Mickey Cochrane, Sam Crawford, Harry Heilmann, Hughie Jennings, George Kell, Heinie Manush; Cobb's name is displayed on the left-field wall of Comerica Park along with the players and manager whose numbers have been retired; the others have their names displayed on the right-field wall (Cochrane actually wore #3 for the Tigers, and Kell wore three different numbers, but the Tigers have not retired these numbers)
San Francisco (New York) Giants: Christy Mathewson and John McGraw; both are denoted with "NY" and their names at AT&T Park
St. Louis Cardinals: Rogers Hornsby, denoted with an "SL" and his name at Busch Stadium
Broadcasters[edit]
See also: List of current Major League Baseball broadcasters and List of sports announcers § Baseball
The Ralph Kiner memorial logo (black) adjacent to the New York Mets' retired numbers at Citi Field, 2016
Bob Murphy and Ralph Kiner – New York Mets; The radio booth at both Shea Stadium and Citi Field are named for the beloved, late Murphy. The television booth at Citi Field is named for Kiner, who continued to broadcast some home games for the Mets until his death in early 2014. In addition, a special memorial logo honoring Kiner, depicting a microphone along with his name and the years 1922–2014, was displayed at Citi Field on the left field wall adjacent to, but not as a part of, the Mets' retired numbers, from 2014 to 2016. In the 2016 Mets yearbook, a sidebar in an article on Mike Piazza's upcoming number retirement implies that Kiner has been "retired" a la William A. Shea.[23] This was reinforced when the Mets' retired numbers were moved to the roof facade during the 2016 season to accommodate Mike Piazza's #31; Kiner's "number" was placed adjacent to the Shea and Jackie Robinson numbers, no longer separated from the others.
Jack Buck – St. Louis Cardinals; honored with a drawing of a microphone on the wall with the retired numbers.
Lon Simmons, Russ Hodges, and Jon Miller – San Francisco Giants; honored with stylized old-style radio microphone displayed in place of a number.
Marty Brennaman, Waite Hoyt, and Joe Nuxhall – Cincinnati Reds; honored with microphones by the broadcast booth.
Jerry Coleman – San Diego Padres; a "star on the wall" in reference to his trademark phrase "You can hang a star on that one!" The star is painted in gold on the front of the press box down the right field line, accompanied by Coleman's name in white. Upon Coleman's death in 2014, the broadcast booth at Petco Park was named in his honor.
Harry Kalas and Richie Ashburn – Philadelphia Phillies; At Citizens Bank Park, the restaurant built into the base of the main scoreboard is named "Harry the K's" in Kalas's honor. After Kalas's death, the Phillies' TV-broadcast booth was renamed "The Harry Kalas Broadcast Booth". It is directly next to the radio-broadcast booth, which is named "The Richie 'Whitey' Ashburn Broadcast Booth". They both also have statues at Citizens Bank Park (though Ashburn is in uniform for his statue).
Ernie Harwell – Detroit Tigers; honored with his name alongside the retired players on the Left-Centerfield Brick wall in Comerica Park and a statue & portrait at the stadium's front entrance.
Bob Uecker – "50 Years in Baseball" along with Uecker's name is next to the Brewers retired numbers at Miller Park.
Tom Cheek – Toronto Blue Jays; honored with a banner on the Rogers Centre's "Level of Excellence" bearing his name and, in place of a jersey number, 4,306 – his streak of consecutive regular-season broadcasts.
Harry Caray and Jack Brickhouse – Chicago Cubs: Caray is remembered inside and outside of Wrigley Field. A statue of him leading the crowd in "Take Me Out to the Ballgame" is near the bleacher entrance (originally at the corner of Addison Street and Sheffield Avenue), and a caricature of him adorns his former WGN-TV broadcast booth. Brickhouse's catch phrase, "Hey hey!" is memorialized in large red letters on each foul pole. (Brickhouse also has a statue on Michigan Avenue.)
Dave Niehaus – Seattle Mariners; the press box at Safeco Field was renamed the "Dave Niehaus Media Center" on April 8, 2011 prior to the Mariners' home opener against the Cleveland Indians. In addition, a part of First Avenue NW outside the stadium was renamed Dave Niehaus Way, and the wall in deep right-center field also has a microphone with a Dave Niehaus graphic.
Vin Scully – Los Angeles Dodgers; in 2001, the Dodgers honored Scully by naming the press box at Dodger Stadium the "Vin Scully Press Box". However, on January 29, 2016, the Los Angeles City Council in a unanimous vote, renamed Elysian Park Avenue to Vin Scully Avenue, changing the address of Dodger Stadium to 1000 Vin Scully Ave.[24]
Arch McDonald and Bob Wolff - Washington Senators: MacDonald and Wolff's names are on the Washington Nationals' Ring of Honor at Nationals Park.
Bill King – Oakland Athletics; The Athletics named their broadcast facilities the "Bill King Broadcast Booth" after King's death in 2005.
Owners and contributors[edit]
The initials of former San Diego Padres owner Ray Kroc are painted in gold on the front of the pressbox down the right field line, accompanied by his name in white.
The initials of former Boston Red Sox owners Tom and Jean Yawkey are rendered in Morse code and painted in white on the manual scoreboard on Fenway Park's Green Monster.
Charles Bronfman was inducted into the Expos Hall of Fame as its inaugural member in 1993, and a circular patch placed on the right field wall with his name, the number 83, which he used to wear during spring training, and the words "FONDATEUR / FOUNDER".[25]
On April 8, 2008, the final opening day at Shea Stadium, the New York Mets unveiled a "Shea" logo which was displayed on the left-field fence next to the team's other retired numbers. The stadium was named for William Shea, a prominent lawyer who was responsible for the return of National League baseball to New York.
Walter A. Haas, Jr., honorary jersey retired (with stylized Old English "A" in place of a number) in 1995, located in right field. Owner of the Oakland Athletics from 1980 until 1995. Haas purchased the team from Charles O. Finley in 1980, saving the team from potentially moving out of the area.
At the start of the 2007 season, the Kansas City Royals designated Seat #9 in Section 127, Row C at Kauffman Stadium as the "Buck O'Neil Legacy Seat" in honor of Negro Leagues legend and Royals scout Buck O'Neil. During each home game, the Royals honor a fan who exemplifies O'Neil's spirit of humanitarianism and community service by inviting that fan to sit in the Buck O'Neil Legacy Seat.
A statue of Tom Vandergriff is located at Vandergriff Plaza inside Globe Life Park in Arlington, Texas
Umpires[edit]
See: Umpire (baseball) § Numbers retired by the National and American Leagues
See also[edit]
Baseball portal
Uniform number (Major League Baseball)
San Diego Padres retired numbers
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Jauss, Bill (September 29, 2003). "Santo: Flag 'my Hall of Fame'". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved November 19, 2010.
Jump up ^ Schmuck, Peter (September 11, 1996). "Baines' hit season is designated delight DH: Unwanted by the Orioles, veteran shows he's far from through with an '80s-like year for the White Sox". The Baltimore Sun.
Jump up ^ Gregor, Scot (February 8, 2010). "White Sox unretire Luis Aparicio's No. 11 for Vizquel". Daily Herald.
Jump up ^ Capozzi, Joe (February 13, 2012). "Miami Marlins un-retire ex-team president Carl Barger's No. 5 for Logan Morrison, but Barger family unhappy". Palm Beach Post. Archived from the original on July 4, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c baseball-almanac.com (2009). "Retired Uniform Numbers in the National League". baseball-almanac.com. Retrieved October 2, 2009.
Jump up ^ MLB Advanced Media (2009). "Franchise Retired Numbers". MLB Advanced Media. Retrieved October 2, 2009.
Jump up ^ MLB Advanced Media (2009). "Yankees Retired Numbers". MLB Advanced Media. Retrieved October 2, 2009.
Jump up ^ MLB Advanced Media (2009). "Cardinals Retired Numbers". MLB Advanced Media. Retrieved October 2, 2009.
Jump up ^ Jaffe, Jay (June 23, 2016). "Picking the best players whose numbers have yet to be retired in MLB". SI.com.
^ Jump up to: a b Baggarly, Andrew (September 13, 2015). "Commentary: It's time for Giants to retire Barry Bonds' number". Bay Area News Group.
^ Jump up to: a b Goold, Derrick (February 23, 2015). "Why McGwire's No. 25 is back off the rack". St. Louis Post-Dispatch.
^ Jump up to: a b Schulman, Henry (May 7, 2016). "No one's getting Lincecum's No. 55 anytime soon". San Francisco Chronicle.
Jump up ^ "Washington Nationals 2016 Media Guide". MLB.com. Retrieved September 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ Steinberg, Dan (August 26, 2016). "Senators legend Frank Howard is humbled and thrilled to enter the Nats' Ring of Honor". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ Polacek, Scott (September 26, 2016). "Jose Fernandez's No. 16 to Be Retired by Marlins". Bleacher Report. Retrieved September 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Big Unit beats Dodgers 2-1 in Manny's LA debut". Yahoo.com. February 8, 2008. Retrieved August 2, 2008.
Jump up ^ Harding, Thomas (January 27, 2014). "Walker OKs Morneau wearing No. 33 with Rockies". MLB.com. Retrieved March 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Accidental 24: The Kelvin Torve Interview". Mets by the Numbers. February 11, 2008. Archived from the original on June 19, 2010. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ Cohen, Jason (February 26, 2015). "The Yankees need to reissue Paul O`Neill's no. 21". Pinstripe Alley.
Jump up ^ Cafardo, Nick (December 22, 2015). "Red Sox finally do right by Wade Boggs". The Boston Globe.
Jump up ^ Araton, Harvey (April 14, 2010). "Yankees' Mariano Rivera Is the Last No. 42". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ Ruiz, M. Teresa. "SENATE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION No. 27". State of New Jersey. State of New Jersey. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ 2016 New York Mets yearbook, page 62
Jump up ^ McCullough, Andy (January 29, 2016). "Street is renamed to honor Dodgers broadcaster Vin Scully". LA Times. Retrieved January 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ Blair, Jeff (August 15, 1993). "This used to be his playground; Bronfman was always a fan; Original owner steps into Expos Hall of Fame". Montreal Gazette. Montreal Gazette. pp. D.1. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Additional reading[edit]
Baseball Uniforms of the 20th Century, Marc Okkonen, 1991, Sterling Publishing.
External links[edit]
A team-by-team list
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