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SunTrust Park
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SunTrust Park
Address
755 Battery Avenue
Location
Atlanta, Georgia[1]
Coordinates
33°53′24″N 84°28′05″W / 33.89°N 84.468°W / 33.89; -84.468Coordinates: 33°53′24″N 84°28′05″W / 33.89°N 84.468°W / 33.89; -84.468
Public transit
SunTrust Park:
Cobb Community Transit bus route 10A (weekdays only)
Cumberland Transfer Center:
MARTA bus route 12
Cobb Community Transit bus routes 10, 10B, 20, 25, 50
Owner
Cobb-Marietta Coliseum and Exhibit Hall Authority[2]
Operator
Atlanta National League Baseball Club Inc.[2]
Capacity
41,149[3][4]
Record attendance
41,627 (regular season) [5]
Field size
Left Field – 335 ft (102 m)
Left-Center – 385 ft (117 m)
Center Field – 400 ft (122 m)
Right-Center – 375 ft (114 m)
Right Field – 325 ft (99 m)[6]
Surface
Seashore Paspalum, Platinum TE[7]
Construction
Broke ground
September 16, 2014[8]
Opened
March 31, 2017 (exhibition game)
April 8, 2017 (college game, official opening)
April 14, 2017 (regular season)
Construction cost
$622 million[9]
Architect
Populous[10]
Project manager
Jones Lang LaSalle[11]
Structural engineer
Walter P. Moore and Associates[12]
Services engineer
M–E Engineers, Inc.[12]
General contractor
American Builders 2017 (A joint venture between Brasfield & Gorrie, Mortenson Construction, Barton Malow and New South Construction)[13]
Tenants
Atlanta Braves (MLB) (2017–present)
SunTrust Park is a baseball park located in the Atlanta metropolitan area 10 miles (16 km) northwest of downtown Atlanta in the Cumberland neighborhood of Cobb County. It is the home ballpark for the Atlanta Braves, the city's Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise. On November 11, 2013, the Braves announced that the franchise would leave Turner Field for a new park after the 2016 season.[14] The Braves have played their home games at SunTrust Park since April 2017.
The new stadium was constructed in a public/private partnership with a project budget of $622 million.[9][15] Cobb-Marietta Coliseum & Exhibit Hall Authority issued up to $397 million in bonds for the project.[16] The county raised $368 million through bonds, $14 million from transportation taxes, and $10 million cash from businesses in the Cumberland Community Improvement District.[9] The Braves contributed the remaining money for the park and The Battery Atlanta.[9] In March 2015, a security filing from Braves owners Liberty Media allotted $672 million for SunTrust Park and $452 million for The Battery Atlanta, which adds up to a total cost of above $1.1 billion.[17] The Braves will spend $181 million over 30 years to help pay off the county’s bonds on the project.[18]
The Braves hosted a soft opening for season ticket holders on March 31, 2017, in a preseason game against the New York Yankees.[19] The first regular season game at the park was held on April 14, 2017, against the San Diego Padres.[20]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Leaving Turner Field
1.2 Planning
1.3 The Battery Atlanta
1.4 Design
1.5 Construction
1.6 Opening
2 Features
2.1 Configuration
2.2 Water feature
2.3 Foul ball protection
2.4 Playing surface
2.5 Monument Garden and statues
2.6 Technology
3 Public reaction
3.1 Announcement and polls
3.2 Public hearing and vote
3.3 Appeal and aftermath
3.4 Ballpark reputation
4 Other events
4.1 College football
4.2 Concerts
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
Leaving Turner Field[edit]
Turner Field had been the home of the Braves since the 1997 season. It was originally built as Centennial Olympic Stadium for the 1996 Summer Olympics, but was designed from the ground up to be converted into a baseball-only stadium after the Olympics ended—even though this eliminated the possibility of its use for other events such as track and field. The stadium was owned by the Atlanta-Fulton County Recreation Authority (AFCRA) and leased to the Braves for twenty years.[14] The Braves had full control over the ballpark's operations. Turner Field was a relatively new facility, younger than 13 of the other 29 major league stadiums, but there were numerous issues that led the Braves to seek a new ballpark.[21]
According to vice chairman John Schuerholz, Turner Field needed $350 million in renovations—$150 million for structural upkeep and $200 million to improve the fan experience.[22] Braves executive vice president Mike Plant has stated that capital maintenance would be much less at the new stadium.[23] While Turner Field was designed from the ground up with the Braves in mind, Plant said that it would require higher capital maintenance costs because it was value-engineered for the 1996 Summer Olympics.[23] This has led to higher capital maintenance costs in the long run.[23] Plant estimates that capital maintenance costs at the new stadium will be no more than $80 million after 30 years – less than the $150 million in capital maintenance needed for Turner Field after 17 years.[23]
Braves executives said that fans were unwilling to come to games in Turner Field's later years due to metro Atlanta's infamous traffic congestion.[22] They also claimed that parking around the stadium is inadequate.[22] Turner Field was under-served by about 5,000 parking spaces.[22] In addition, Plant has noted the downtown location "doesn't match up with where the majority of our fans come from."[24] Plant said that, although the Braves operated Turner Field, they had no control over the commercial development around the stadium.[25] Other baseball stadiums built in recent years have been accompanied by nearby shopping and entertainment.[25]
The Braves were in talks in 2013 with the recreational authority to extend the team's original lease, Plant said, but those talks broke down.[25] Atlanta mayor Kasim Reed said the city could not afford to support the kind of renovations the Braves desired, especially while already funding Mercedes-Benz Stadium for the National Football League's Atlanta Falcons.[25]
Planning[edit]
In the Summer of 2013, the Braves and the Cobb County Commission Chairman Tim Lee made a short list of possible locations in Cobb County.[18] The location chosen for the park is next to the highway interchange between Interstate 75 and Interstate 285.[26] The Braves claim the location is "near the geographic center of the Braves' fan base."[27] During the park's groundbreaking the team announced that the naming rights were sold to Atlanta-based SunTrust Banks for a 25-year partnership.[28] Braves officials announced that the park's capacity would be 41,149,[3][4][22] which is approximately 8,000 fewer than Turner Field.[29]
In January 2017, the Braves announced that SunTrust Park would have more than 11,000 parking spaces owned or leased by the organization for game day.[30] This is 2,500 more spaces than were available at Turner Field.[30] The Braves further unveiled plans to launch a private shuttle service that will serve managed parking lots and key points of interest in metro Atlanta.[30] Specific routes will be released closer to Opening Day.[30] The Braves also announced that Waze, the world’s largest community-based traffic and navigation app, will collaborate with the Braves and Cobb to share data and real-time updates with fans and commuters.[30] SunTrust Park will feature a designated Uber drop-off/pick- up zone on Windy Ridge Parkway, adjacent to the ballpark.[30]
In order to reduce traffic congestion, the Braves announced that games played Monday through Thursday would start at 7:30 pm.[31] Games at Turner Field started at 7 pm on those days.[31] There are approximately 30,000 parking spaces within 2 miles of the stadium.[32]
The baseball stadium occupies 15 acres (6.1 ha) of a 60-acre (24 ha) lot, with the remainder of the space devoted to parking, green space, and mixed-use development.[22] Although the new stadium will be over 10 miles (16 km) from the nearest train station, the Braves use a "circulator" bus system to shuttle fans to and from the stadium.[25]
On July 8, 2015, the Braves announced an agreement for Atlanta-based Gas South to remain the official natural gas partner when the team moves to SunTrust Park. Under the agreement, Gas South will receive prominent signage in the new ballpark, including a 75-foot long "Bring the Heat" LED board in left field that will display pitching statistics and fan-friendly messaging throughout the game.[33]
The Battery Atlanta[edit]
A street in The Battery Atlanta
On November 20, 2013, the Braves unveiled plans to build a $400 million entertainment district that will surround the ballpark.[32] The district will feature a street lined with retail, restaurants and bars leading up to the stadium.[32] The $400 million is entirely funded by the Braves and their development partners.[32] On October 14, 2015 the Atlanta Braves announced that the complex would be called The Battery Atlanta.[34]
On December 10, 2014, the Braves released new renderings of the planned entertainment complex surrounding SunTrust Park.[35] The new renderings further define the public spaces and show a blend of architectural styles, with a blend of steel, brick and glass facades.[35] Derek Schiller said in a conference call with reporters that the rendering represent the concept of project's look, and is not the final design.[35] But the locations of buildings and streets demonstrated in the designs are largely settled.[35] Two taller glass towers, a hotel and an office building, will feature views into the ballpark.[35] The complex also will feature a brewpub and Braves store.[35] The Braves named architectural design firm Wakefield Beasley & Associates as the lead designer of the mixed-used project surrounding the stadium.[36][37]
On March 17, 2015, the Braves announced a partnership with Comcast under which Comcast will provide high-tech infrastructure for SunTrust Park and will become an anchor tenant at The Battery Atlanta.[38] Comcast will occupy 100% of a nine-story office building in the mixed-use development adjacent to the stadium.[38] The office tower, which will overlook the ballpark, will become Comcast's Southeast regional headquarters.[38] According to Braves chairman and CEO Terry McGuirk, Comcast will "lend its expertise to drive the most technologically advanced ballpark and mixed-use development ever built."[38] Some 1,000 Comcast employees will work at the office building, most of them new hires.[38] The office also will include an "innovation lab" for new technologies.[38]
On April 28, 2015, the Braves announced a 50-50 partnership with Omni Hotels & Resorts on a luxury hotel to be built overlooking SunTrust Park.[39] The full service hotel will be 16 floors and have 260 rooms.[39] It also will feature a two-story restaurant, rooftop hospitality suites, and an elevated pool deck with views into the ballpark.[39] The Atlanta Braves will be the 50/50 owners with Omni Hotels & Resorts. On August 14, 2017, The Omni Hotel at The Battery Atlanta announced that James Beard Foundation Award-winning chef and author Hugh Acheson will open his eighth restaurant – Achie’s – within the luxury hotel. [40]
On July 16, 2015, the Braves and concert promoter Live Nation announced a deal to develop and manage the long-planned entertainment venue adjacent to SunTrust Park.[41] The venue will be called the Roxy Theatre in homage to the old Roxy Theatre that was torn down in 1972.[41] The venue will have standing-room-only capacity for 4,000 and feature about 40 music and comic shows annually.[41] The theater is designed to help drive activity to the site on non-gamedays and it will also play host to special events.[41]
The first restaurants announced for The Battery Atlanta were: Antico Pizza, Cru Food and Wine Bar, Tomahawk Taproom featuring Fox Bros. Bar-B-Q, chef Ford Fry's Superica restaurant and a new steak concept by chef Linton Hopkins.[34]
On May 19, 2016, the Braves announced several new signed tenants at The Battery Atlanta including Wahlburgers, Harley-Davidson, and Goldbergs Bagel Co. & Deli.[42] The opening of the restaurant outside the Braves' new Cobb County ballpark is expected to be featured prominently in Wahlburgers, the brothers' A&E reality television show about the business.[42] Another big operator, national restaurant, retail, casino and entertainment venue developer Cordish Cos., plans a trio of concepts including a Professional Bull Riders Association Bar & Grill, featuring a mechanical bull.[42]
Design[edit]
The Braves chose Populous to design the new ballpark.[10] Populous has designed 19 of the 30 Major League stadiums currently in use including Marlins Park, Target Field, and Yankee Stadium.[10] The Braves picked Populous over HKS, Inc. who served as a consultant for the Braves prior to the selection of Populous.[10]
On May 14, 2014, the Braves released the first renderings of the new stadium.[43] The ballpark has a southeast orientation.[44] There were two factors that ended up determining the placement of the park.[18] The topography of the land and the location of gas lines on the property.[18] Before the ballpark was built a comprehensive sun study was conducted by the team and designers that determined the orientation would not be an issue.[43] The ballpark cuts back into a rocky hill, where fans will enter at midlevel and then walk down.[44] The relatively tight site led to a design that’s higher than the average MLB ballpark, with fans closer to the action than they were at Turner Field.[44] In fact, the last seat in the upper deck is 21 feet closer than what it was at Turner.[44]
A key design element is the use of brick.[18] The masonry resembles patterns popular in the Southeast.[18] Braves executive vice president of sales and marketing Derek Schiller says the masonry gives the ballpark’s exterior a look of “timelessness.”[18] In addition, the Braves decided to use pre-cast stone.[18] Schiller said “It looks custom hand-laid. It’s at all of the entryways. It brings the whole scale of the brick way down.”[18] According to Schiller, by designing breaks in the masonry like porches, canopies, varying angles and trellises, “it not only creates shade, it also warms the architecture and gives it a different scale.”[18]
Earl Santee, Managing Director of Populous, said his team “was very involved with the master planners of the development.[18] The integration of this building (the ballpark) with those other buildings was really crucial to the success of the project.”[18] The result was “a fully integrated experience that’s never been seen in baseball before.”[18]
Construction[edit]
On April 16, 2014, Atlanta Braves and Cobb County officials outlined the timetable for the new stadium's construction.[45] Site clearing was scheduled to begin July 15, 2014 and complete by October 13, 2014.[45] However, site clearing started ahead of schedule after the Cobb County commission vote on May 27, 2014.[46] The Atlanta Braves held a formal groundbreaking ceremony on September 16.[8][47] The ceremony took place at the site near the northwest intersection of Interstates 75 and 285.[47]
SunTrust Park under construction, July 2015
In order to start construction three natural gas lines that ran under the property had to be moved.[48] The high cost of moving the gas lines is one of the key reasons the land had not been developed.[48] The cost to move the lines was $14 million.[49] The pipelines were moved to the perimeter.[48] Two of the lines, which run about eight feet underground, are owned by Colonial Pipeline Company, and the third belongs to Atlanta Gas Light Company.[48] The project was completed in early November, 2014.[49]
In November 2014, workers started drilling the holes for the pylons around the outside perimeter of the stadium's footprint.[50] According to the Braves vice president of business operations Mike Plant, phase one of construction for both the stadium and mixed-use development began in November 2014 and included infrastructure for the site, such as sewer, water and electrical systems.[49] The retention walls for the underground service level of the stadium were also built.[50] The underground level will have a few hundred parking spaces for players, team doctors, clubhouse staff and management staff.[50] By May 2015, crews had installed all the caissons to stabilize the foundation.[51] With the caissons complete the crews are beginning to pour concrete for the decks.[51]
On August 27, 2015, the Atlanta Braves held a ceremony for the first brick laid of 775,000 bricks that made up the main exterior at SunTrust Park.[52] On hand for the ceremony were dignitaries from the Braves, Cobb County government, and ballpark sponsors.[52] The first brick was laid by Eutis Morris, 83, who laid the first concrete block at Fulton County Stadium and placed the first and last bricks at Olympic Stadium, which later became Turner Field.[52] Also laying bricks were former Atlanta Braves player Hank Aaron and the team's current first baseman Freddie Freeman.[52] The team also sealed two time capsules.[52] The capsules included a video of the SunTrust Park ground breaking; parts of the Big Chicken; a 1948 World Series program; dirt from both older stadiums; a baseball signed by the 1995 championship team; and recordings from team broadcasters.[52] These time capsules will be opened when the stadium is demolished.[52]
SunTrust Park under construction, July 2016
In June 2016, construction started on a pedestrian bridge to connect SunTrust Park with the Cobb Galleria.[53] The bridge spans Interstate 285.[53] To fund construction, Cobb county used $5 million given by the Cumberland Community Improvement District, about $4.5 million in federal grants, $380,000 from the Atlanta Braves and about $159,000 from a special taxing district in Cumberland created to help fund the new Braves stadium’s construction.[54]
In July 2016, the installation of the seats for SunTrust Park started.[55] Also, the installation of hundreds of LED lights were installed along the edge of the ballpark’s canopy from the right-field foul pole to home plate.[55] Additionally, a large, light-up tomahawk was installed.[55] Meanwhile, the 108,000-square-foot metal canopy that covers about 60 percent of these seats was completed.[55] In August 2016, the canopy, lights and seating bowl were completed and the last crane remaining on the field area was removed.[55]
In January 2017, most of the exterior work was complete.[56] The team began moving out of Turner Field the day after the Braves’ 2016 season ended, storing equipment temporarily at a warehouse.[56] In December 2016, staffers began moving office equipment and furniture into SunTrust Park, and on December 19, team employees began moving into their offices.[56] The playing surface itself started to take shape.[56] The drainage and irrigation systems were installed and covered with layers of gravel, sand and soil.[56] The infield, pitcher’s mound and warning track were formed in December 2016.[56] The final layer of topsoil for the grass sod was installed in January.[56]
The Braves received the certificate of occupancy for the entire ballpark on February 24, 2017.[57] With seats, video boards and most other elements already installed, the sod was one of the last missing pieces of the new ballpark.[58] Workers began the installation of 109,000 square feet of sod on March 4, 2017, a task that took two to three days to complete.[7]
On March 8, 2017, construction camera provider OxBlue released a time-lapse video of SunTrust Park's construction. The high-definition time-lapse movie was produced using over 203,000 images taken by three cameras over a 21-month period.[59]
Stadium firsts
Statistics
First game
April 14, 2017
Braves 5, Padres 2
Ceremonial First Pitch
Hank Aaron
First pitch
Julio Teherán
First batter
Manuel Margot (Padres)
First hit
Ender Inciarte
First home run
Ender Inciarte
First win
Julio Teherán
First save
Jim Johnson
Opening[edit]
The 2017 Atlanta Braves season was the team's first in SunTrust Park. The Atlanta Braves defeated the New York Yankees 8-5 in an exhibition game on March 31, 2017, in their first game in the ballpark.[60]
On January 25, 2017 the Braves announced that the University of Georgia and University of Missouri would play the first baseball game in SunTrust Park on April 8, 2017.[61] The Georgia-Missouri game was also the first time the stadium was open to the general public.[61] The teams drew in 33,025 spectators as Missouri beat Georgia 6-1.[62] Missouri's Trey Harris hit the first home run.[62]
The Braves' regular-season opener was held on April 14, 2017. During pregame ceremonies, the Braves unveiled the team's 10 retired numbers on a left-field facade, and seven of the 10 individuals represented—Hank Aaron, Bobby Cox, Tom Glavine, Chipper Jones, Dale Murphy, Phil Niekro, and John Smoltz—took part in the festivities.[63] The ceremonial first pitch was thrown by Aaron, with Cox serving as catcher.[63] Aaron had also thrown the ceremonial first pitch for the Braves' first and last games at Turner Field.[63] The Braves would defeat the San Diego Padres 5–2.[64] Braves center fielder Ender Inciarte recorded the first out, first hit, first run, and first home run in the new ballpark.[64]
Features[edit]
Configuration[edit]
SunTrust Park at night being lit with LED
The ballpark features an intimate configuration placing the highest percentage of seats closer to the field than any other ball park in Major League Baseball.[65][66] Braves executive vice president of sales and marketing Derek Schiller stated that the seating bowl is aimed at putting fans closer to the action,[67] not by reducing the amount of foul territory, but with cantilever designs that push the middle and upper bowls toward the field.[67] The ballpark will also include a 90-feet-wide canopy horseshoeing around the stadium's top[67] and air conditioning on every level to ensure that fans remain cool on hot summer days.[65] The existing topography of the property has been integrated into the design.[65] The Braves are using LED lights for the stadium.[51] LED lights provide better quality for fans in the stands and watching on TV.[51] LED lights will also reduce the time it takes to restore lighting in case of a power outage.[51]
Water feature[edit]
SunTrust Park's batter's eye. Evergreen trees can be seen below the video board.
Inside the ballpark, in the "batter's eye" area just beyond the center-field wall features three evergreen trees.[68] The area also includes boulders and a waterfall/water feature.[68] The green giant arborvitae is a large, vigorous, fast-growing evergreen—shooting up by as much as 3' per year until maturity. The Braves took inspiration from a similar setup in the same area of the Colorado Rockies' Coors Field.[68] A fountain shoots streams of water 50 feet into the air, toward the main video board, from the upper pond.[69] The feature figures to have a game-presentation role in celebrating home runs and wins.[69]
Foul ball protection[edit]
View of SunTrust Park around third base, with visible foul ball netting
The ballpark features an expanded protection from foul balls.[70] The protective netting extends from behind home plate to the far end of both dugouts at SunTrust Park.[70] Although longer, SunTrust Park's protective netting isn't quite as high as Turner Field's.[70] The screen is 31 ½ feet high, compared to 35 feet high at the former stadium.[70] Derek Schiller attributed that difference to the geometry of SunTrust Park and where the cables that hold up the screen are secured to stadium structures.[70] From directly behind home plate, the screen extends 145 feet down the third-base line and 149 feet down the first-base line, according to Braves field director Ed Mangan.[70] Schiller said innovations have made protective screens "thinner but in fact stronger," meaning "we're getting the ability to cover the most number of seats with the least view issues as possible."[70]
Playing surface[edit]
The Braves selected a type of grass called "Seashore Paspalum, Platinum TE" for the stadium.[7] The Braves replaced Turner Field's Tifway 419 hybrid Bermuda grass in the infield in 2012 in hopes the softer, thicker paspalum would slow down the playing surface a bit for the benefit of their infielders.[7] The Bermuda remained in Turner Field's outfield, while the grassed areas of foul territory also were switched to paspalum.[7] At SunTrust Park, the entire field is paspalum.[7] It is a popular choice for beach golf courses. It also is used at Minute Maid Park and Marlins Park.[7]
Monument Garden and statues[edit]
Unlike Turner Field, SunTrust Park doesn’t have a stand-alone Braves museum.[69] But a well-appointed space in the main concourse behind home plate, Monument Garden, will display many highlights of franchise history.[69] The Monument Garden features audio, light and water elements.[71] The Braves partnered with Atlanta-based A-R-T & Associates to create a visual experience for Braves fans.[71] The baseball-centric artwork highlights nostalgic moments throughout Braves franchise history.[71] The 300-piece installation is largely comprised of original artwork ranging from portraits to action scenes, and complemented by macro photography, oversized vintage baseball cards and a LEGO brick mosaic.[71] The Braves took memorabilia from the Ivan Allen Jr. Braves Museum & Hall of Fame at Turner Field and incorporated it throughout the ballpark.[71]
The focal point of Monument Garden is a statue of Hank Aaron.[71] The statue was created and unveiled by Atlanta-based artist Ross Rossin.[72] The statue captures the moment on April 8, 1974, at Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium when Aaron broke Babe Ruth’s long-standing career home-run record.[72] Behind the statue is a sculpture made of 755 baseball bats in honor of Aaron’s career home-run total.[69] A video screen will play an Aaron biography. Other statues will be placed throughout the stadium.[71] For example, the bat and ball from Aaron’s 715th home run are displayed in the Hank Aaron Terrace above left field.[69]
On April 13, 2017 the Braves unveiled a statue of former manager Bobby Cox.[73] The new statue joined two other statues outside the ballpark featuring legends of the Braves franchise.[73] The other statues include Warren Spahn and Phil Niekro.[73]
Technology[edit]
The stadium is equipped with a Wi-Fi network billed as one of the most robust systems in all of professional sports.[74] On an average gameday, 10,000-14,000 concurrent users access the Braves WiFi system.the dual 100GB of bandwidth (totaling 200GB, via 2 terabit ports) is enough for everyone in a sold-out ballpark to simultaneously post a selfie.[74] On a Friday or Saturday with big crowds, the system is pushing 8.3 terabits of data.[74] Interestingly, more data is being uploaded than downloaded, indicating plenty of selfies and game updates are being submitted to Instagram, Facebook and Snapchat.[74]
All in all, SunTrust Park features 250 miles of single mode fiber optic lines, 500 miles of CAT6A lines, and 1,350 802.11ac access points: 900 in the ballpark, 450 in the adjacent Battery.[74]
Other technologies include 1,350 Panasonic televisions that are installed throughout the ballpark.[74] A new Suite Control System allows access to ticketholders via scanner, with no attendants necessary.[74] And 15 video display kiosks on the concourses bring up-to-date ballpark information to fans.[74]
Public reaction[edit]
Announcement and polls[edit]
After the new stadium was announced, citizens organized campaigns both supporting and opposing the plan, which was made public only two weeks before the Cobb County Commission voted. More than 80% of county residents supported delaying the vote,[75] Cobb Chairman Tim Lee and Commissioner Helen Goreham insisted that vote could not be delayed because it would threaten the stadium's timeline.[76]
An InsiderAdvantage/FOX 5 poll released on November 25, 2013, showed that 59% of registered voters in Cobb County favored building a new stadium for the Braves.[77] However, support fell to 30% of Cobb County voters when they were asked if they'd support funding the stadium with Cobb County tax dollars, with 56% opposed and 14% undecided.[77] On September 8, 2014, the University of Florida's Department of Tourism, Recreation and Sports Management released the first independent scientific poll on Cobb residents' attitude toward the public investment in the stadium.[78] The survey found that 55% of the survey respondents would have supported the stadium in a referendum.[78]
Public hearing and vote[edit]
Two weeks after the Atlanta Braves announced the new stadium project, the Cobb County Commission held a public hearing to vote on whether to approve the plan.[79] Citizens who both supported and opposed the plan began crowding into the meeting hall hours before the 7 p.m. hearing was to begin, many sporting "Cobb: Home of the Braves" T-shirts.[79] After a one-hour public comment on the new stadium project the Cobb County Commission voted 4–1 to approve a memorandum of understanding with the Atlanta Braves.[79] On May 27, 2014, the Cobb County Commissioners voted unanimously, 5–0, on the operating agreement that bound the county to borrow up to $397 million to build the new stadium.[9]
Appeal and aftermath[edit]
Retired businessman Larry Savage, attorney Tucker Hobgood, and Austell resident Rich Pellegrino filed notices of appeal with the Georgia Supreme Court, to argue against issuance of the bonds.[16] Attorneys Lesly Gaynor Murray and Blake Sharpton of law firm Butler Snow, the county's bond counsel, represented Cobb in the Supreme Court.[16] The appeal was heard by the Georgia Supreme Court in February, 2015.[16] On June 29, 2015, the Georgia Supreme Court unanimously upheld the bond authorization.[80] The failed appeal represented the last legal challenge to the SunTrust Park project.[80]
In July 2016, Cobb County commissioner Tim Lee lost his bid for re-election to challenger Mike Boyce.[81] Boyce had called the election a delayed referendum on the stadium deal, but Lee pointed to four other commissioners who were re-elected promoting the Braves.[81]
Ballpark reputation[edit]
SunTrust Park opened to positive reviews. Woody Studenmund of the Hardball Times called the park a "gem" and he was impressed with "the compact beauty of the stadium and its exciting approach to combining baseball, business and social activities."[82] J.J. Cooper of Baseball America praised the "excellent sight lines for pretty much every seat."[83] Cooper also noted that "the Wi-Fi works and it's very fast, even with a park full of smartphone users."[83]
For the first half of the opening season many believed that SunTrust Park favored hitters.[84] Fox Sports South announcer Chip Caray speculated that the park favored hitters because "it's a vacuum."[85] In May 2017, Braves manager Brian Snitker said “Everybody is going to like hitting here, not just left-handers.”[86] Despite the speculation, SunTrust Park is slightly favoring pitchers according to MLB park factors.[87]
Other events[edit]
College football[edit]
On November 17, 2018, NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision member Kennesaw State University will play a home football game against Jacksonville State University at SunTrust Park. This will be the first football game at SunTrust Park. The baseball diamond will be removed to accommodate the football field, which will be laid out along the third base line.[88]
Concerts[edit]
Date
Artist
Opening act(s)
Tour / Concert name
Attendance
April 28, 2017 Billy Joel Andrew McMahon in the Wilderness Billy Joel at SunTrust Park[89] 37,109[90]
July 9, 2017 Metallica Volbeat & Avenged Sevenfold WorldWired Tour[91] N/A
See also[edit]
Atlanta portal
Baseball portal
List of Major League Baseball stadiums
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Schenke, Jarred (February 3, 2017). "Experts: Economic Impact Doesn't 'Hinge' on Falcons, Braves Performance". Bisnow. Retrieved February 20, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Tucker, Tim (November 14, 2013). "Comparing Braves, Falcons stadium deals". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved February 11, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Oliviero, Helena (March 31, 2017). "Fans Watch Braves Play at SunTrust Park for the First Time". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved April 1, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Bowman, Mark (May 14, 2014). "Renderings Show Braves' New Stadium Plans". Major League Baseball Advanced Media. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Lane Adams' 3-run double powers Braves past Arizona 8-5". USA Today. July 15, 2017. Retrieved July 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Tucker, Tim (March 9, 2016). "Outfield dimensions, wall heights different at new Braves stadium". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Tucker, Tim (March 3, 2017). "SunTrust Park gets grass Saturday; here’s a scouting report on the sod". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved March 4, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Braves break ground on new stadium, announce new name". WSB. Atlanta. September 16, 2014. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Klepal, Dan; Schrade, Brad (May 27, 2014). "Cobb Commissioners Approve Braves Stadium Deal". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved May 28, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Tucker, Tim (January 28, 2014). "Braves Select Architect Populous to Design Stadium". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved February 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Construction team named for Atlanta Braves ballpark". Building Design & Construction. June 4, 2014. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Atlanta Braves Ballpark Business Outreach" (PDF). American Builders 2017. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bowman, Mark (May 28, 2014). "Cobb County Approves Builders of New Braves Ballpark". Major League Baseball Advanced Media. Retrieved May 30, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Bowman, Mark (November 11, 2013). "Braves leaving Turner Field for Cobb County". Major League Baseball Advanced Media. Retrieved October 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ Calcaterra, Craig (November 11, 2013). "The Braves Are Leaving Turner Field After the 2016 Season". NBC Sports. Retrieved November 11, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Leroux, Ricky (October 28, 2014). "Braves Bond Appeal Could Be Heard in Feb. 2015". Marietta Daily Journal. Retrieved May 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Pearl, Matthew (March 5, 2014). "New price tag: Braves stadium project to cost $1.1B". WXIA. Atlanta. Retrieved May 19, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m Mock, Joe. "SunTrust Park the secret is out". BaseballParks.com. Retrieved April 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ Bowman, Mark. "SunTrust Park's 1st game will be exhibition vs. Yanks". MLB.com. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
Jump up ^ "2017 Atlanta Braves Schedule". Atlanta Braves. Retrieved 15 September 2016.
Jump up ^ Newberry, Paul (November 11, 2013). "Atlanta Braves planning new suburban stadium to replace Turner Field". CTV News. Associated Press. Retrieved August 9, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Tucker, Tim (November 11, 2013). "Braves Plan to Build New Stadium in Cobb". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved November 11, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Klepal, Dan (May 20, 2014). "Braves: We’re Assuming Ultimate Risk". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved May 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ Galloway, Jim (November 14, 2012). "Watching the Falcons Stadium Debate, the Braves Pursue Something Different". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on November 11, 2013. Retrieved November 11, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Henry, George (November 11, 2013). "Braves Planning New Suburban Stadium in 2017". Yahoo News. Associated Press. Retrieved August 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Atlanta Braves Announce Plans to Move to New Stadium". USA Today. November 11, 2013. Retrieved November 11, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Overview". Major League Baseball Advanced Media. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ Trubey, J. Scott (September 16, 2014). "Braves' New Stadium to Be Named SunTrust Park". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved September 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ Reichard, Kevin (April 18, 2012). "Turner Field / Atlanta Braves". Ballpark Digest. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Couret, Jacques (January 19, 2017). "Update: Braves reveal more game day traffic plans, Waze partnership". Atlanta Business Chronicle. Retrieved January 19, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Leroux, Ricky (August 3, 2016). "Update: Braves’ traffic plan includes 7:30 starts". The Marietta Daily Journal. Retrieved August 8, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Bluestein, Greg; Tucker, Tim (November 20, 2013). "Atlanta Braves Plan $400 Million Entertainment District Surrounding New Cobb Stadium". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved November 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Gas South named official natural gas provider of Atlanta Braves, SunTrust Park". Major League Baseball Advanced Media. July 8, 2015. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Trubey, J. Scott (October 14, 2015). "Braves unveil first wave of new ballpark restaurants". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved August 13, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Trubey, J. Scott (December 14, 2014). "Braves Release New Images of Planned Mixed-Use Development". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Atlanta Braves Release New Renderings of Mixed-Use Development at SunTrust Park" (Press release). Major League Baseball Advanced Media. December 10, 2014. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ Couret, Jacques (December 10, 2014). "Atlanta Braves Release Four New Stadium Development Renderings". Atlanta Business Chronicle. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Tucker, Tim (March 17, 2015). "Braves, Comcast detail stadium deal". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved March 18, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c Tucker, Tim (April 28, 2015). "Braves stadium hotel: 16 floors, 260 rooms, 50-50 partnership". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved April 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20170814005675/en/Omni-Hotel-Battery-Atlanta-Open-New-Restaurant
^ Jump up to: a b c d Trubey, J. Scott (July 16, 2015). "Braves, Live Nation plan to open Roxy Theatre at SunTrust Park". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved July 16, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c Trubey, J. Scott (May 19, 2016). "Braves project adds to entertainment lineup". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved May 13, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Trubey, J. Scott (May 14, 2014). "Braves Release Renderings of New Cobb Ballpark". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Reichard, Kevin (April 14, 2017). "SunTrust Park Preview: Design, Highlights and More". Ballpark Digest. Retrieved June 27, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Tucker, Tim (April 16, 2014). "Braves, Cobb Detail Stadium Construction Schedule Mode". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved April 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Cobb County Moving Quickly, Clearing Land for Braves Stadium". WSB. Atlanta. June 3, 2014. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Tucker, Tim (September 2, 2014). "Braves Plan Formal Ground-Breaking for Stadium This Month". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved September 3, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Gillooly, Jon (June 5, 2014). "Braves Right on Schedule Mode". Marietta Daily Journal. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c Leroux, Ricky (November 1, 2014). "Braves Stadium Work Going Along to Game Plan". Marietta Daily Journal. Retrieved November 1, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c Leroux, Ricky (December 7, 2014). "Stadium Plans Going Smoothly; Final Cost Coming as Park's Design Finalized". Marietta Daily Journal. Retrieved December 8, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Williams, Marcy (May 4, 2015). "Construction of SunTrust Park enters next phase". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved May 4, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Klepal, Dan (August 27, 2015). "First brick set at SunTrust Park". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved August 29, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Caldwell, Carla (July 5, 2016). "Construction starts on multi-use bridge to SunTrust Park". Atlanta Business Chronicle. Retrieved August 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ Leroux, Ricky (July 1, 2016). "Construction on I-285 bridge to SunTrust Park underway". Marietta Daily Journal. Retrieved August 10, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Leroux, Ricky (July 30, 2016). "SunTrust Park to light up soon". The Marietta Daily Journal. Retrieved August 15, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Leroux, Ricky (January 2, 2017). "Braves start 2017 in Cobb County". The Marietta Daily Journal. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Tucker, Tim (February 24, 2017). "Braves get certificate of occupancy for SunTrust Park". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Tucker, Tim (February 28, 2017). "‘Sod goes in this week’ at Braves’ SunTrust Park". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved February 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "OxBlue Releases Time-Lapse of SunTrust Park Project". oxblue.com. Retrieved 2017-06-21.
Jump up ^ O'Brien, Dave (March 31, 2017). "Braves break in new ballpark with 8-5 win over Yankees". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Tucker, Tim (January 25, 2017). "Bulldogs, not Braves, get first regular-season game in SunTrust Park". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Saliba, Layne (April 8, 2017). "Georgia baseball loses to Missouri at SunTrust Park to drop series". The Red & Black. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Odum, Charles (April 14, 2017). "Braves greats help celebrate opening of new SunTrust Park". Associated Press. Retrieved April 17, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Cunningham, Michael (April 15, 2017). "Braves’ Inciarte homers again on night of firsts at new park". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved April 17, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Renderings". Major League Baseball Advanced Media. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ Seward, Christopher (October 8, 2014). "Braves Stadium Construction Triggers New Mixed-Use Projects". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c Tucker, Tim (June 20, 2014). "Falcons, Braves Stadium Designs Advance Ballpark". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved June 21, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c Tucker, Tim (March 22, 2017). "LEADOFF: Water feature, trees behind center field in SunTrust Park". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Tucker, Tim (March 28, 2017). "A look inside the Braves' clubhouse and other areas of SunTrust Park". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Tucker, Tim (February 23, 2017). "Protective netting will be expanded at SunTrust Park". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Hudson, Phil (March 22, 2017). "Atlanta Braves to feature 300-piece art installation at SunTrust Park". Atlanta Business Chronicle. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Tucker, Tim (March 29, 2017). "Nine-foot-tall Hank Aaron statue is ‘fitting’". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved March 30, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Schultz, Jeff (April 13, 2017). "Bobby Cox built Braves first time, was right man to honor with statue". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved April 18, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Reichard, Kevin (August 10, 2017). "Creating SunTrust Park Spaces With Tech, Social Media". Ballpark Digest. Retrieved August 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ Galloway, Jim (November 22, 2013). "81 Percent of Cobb Voters Want to Delay Braves Decision, Poll Says". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ Lee, Maggie (November 22, 2013). "Cobb Officials: No Time to Delay Cobb-Braves Stadium Deal Vote". Creative Loafing. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Cobb Voters Support Braves Move-- But Not Spending Tax Dollars". WAGA. Atlanta. November 25, 2013. Archived from the original on May 17, 2014. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Klepal, Dan (September 18, 2014). "Poll Finds Slim Majority Would Have Supported Braves Stadium". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved September 9, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c Leslie, Katie; Tucker, Tim (November 26, 2013). "Cobb Commissioners Approve Partial Funding for Future Braves Stadium". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved May 16, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Klepal, Dan (June 29, 2015). "Georgia Supreme Court: Braves bonds are valid". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Ross, Kaitlyn (July 27, 2016). "What led to Tim Lee's defeat in Cobb County?". 11 Alive. Retrieved August 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ Studenmund, Woody (May 3, 2017). "Atlanta’s SunTrust Park: The First of a New Generation?". Hardball Times. Retrieved August 26, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Cooper, J.J. (May 2, 2017). "Braves’ New Ballpark Has All Modern Touches, But It’s What Surrounds SunTrust Park That Makes It Stand Out". Baseball America. Retrieved August 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ "SunTrust Park new Launching Pad for battered Braves pitchers". USA Today. May 8, 2017. Retrieved August 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Chip Caray [@kapaya1234] (May 5, 2017). "Direction of park has made no difference b/c it circulates OUT....its a vacuum." (Tweet) – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Cunningham, Michael (May 3, 2017). "Braves believe new ballpark favors hitters". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved August 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ "MLB Park Factors - 2017". ESPN. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.ksuowls.com/news/2017/6/9/football-fb-owls-to-host-game-at-suntrust-park-in-2018.aspx
Jump up ^ Ruggieri, Melissa (April 29, 2017). "Billy Joel gives master class in pop music at first SunTrust Park show". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved April 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ Hudson, Phil (May 3, 2017). "Billy Joel concert at SunTrust Park in Atlanta grosses $4.6 million". Atlanta Business Chronicle. Retrieved May 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kish, Phillip (February 13, 2017). "Metallica to play SunTrust Park". 11 Alive. Retrieved April 29, 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to SunTrust Park.
Official website
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[show]
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[show]
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[show]
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Agenda 21
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Agenda 21
Cover of the first edition (paperback)
Author
United Nations
Cover artist
United Nations (1992)
Country
United States
Language
English, Chinese, Japanese, Russian, French, Spanish, Portuguese
Genre
Non-fiction
Publisher
United Nations
Publication date
April 23, 1993
Media type
Print (Paperback) & HTML
Pages
300 pp
ISBN
978-92-1-100509-7
Agenda 21 is a non-binding action plan of the United Nations with regard to sustainable development.[1] It is a product of the Earth Summit (UN Conference on Environment and Development) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992. It is an action agenda for the UN, other multilateral organizations, and individual governments around the world that can be executed at local, national, and global levels.
The "21" in Agenda 21 refers to the 21st Century. Although it is also the area code for Greater Rio de Janeiro, plus Teresópolis and Mangaratiba in the countryside. It has been affirmed and had a few modifications at subsequent UN conferences. Its aim is achieving global sustainable development. One major objective of the agenda 21 is that every local government should draw its own local agenda 21.
Contents
[hide]
1 Structure and contents
2 Development and evolution
2.1 Rio+5 (1997)
2.2 Rio+10 (2002)
2.3 Agenda 21 for culture (2002)
2.4 Rio+20 (2012)
2.5 Sustainable Development Summit (2015)
3 Implementation
3.1 Local level
4 Regional levels
4.1 Australia
4.2 Africa
4.3 North America
4.3.1 United States
4.3.1.1 Support
4.3.1.2 Opposition
4.4 Europe and Russia
4.4.1 France
4.4.2 Baltic nations
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
Structure and contents[edit]
Agenda 21 is a 350-page document divided into 40 chapters that have been grouped into 4 sections:
Section I: Social and Economic Dimensions is directed toward combating poverty, especially in developing countries, changing consumption patterns, promoting health, achieving a more sustainable population, and sustainable settlement in decision making.
Section II: Conservation and Management of Resources for Development includes atmospheric protection, combating deforestation, protecting fragile environments, conservation of biological diversity (biodiversity), control of pollution and the management of biotechnology, and radioactive wastes.
Section III: Strengthening the Role of Major Groups includes the roles of children and youth, women, NGOs, local authorities, business and industry, and workers; and strengthening the role of indigenous peoples, their communities, and farmers.
Section IV: Means of Implementation includes science, technology transfer, education, international institutions and financial mechanisms.
Development and evolution[edit]
The full text of Agenda 21 was made public at the UN Conference on Environment and Development (Earth Summit), held in Rio de Janeiro on June 13, 1992, where 178 governments voted to adopt the program. The final text was the result of drafting, consultation, and negotiation, beginning in 1989 and culminating at the two-week conference.
Rio+5 (1997)[edit]
In 1997, the UN General Assembly held a special session to appraise the status of Agenda 21 (Rio +5). The Assembly recognized progress as "uneven" and identified key trends, including increasing globalization, widening inequalities in income, and continued deterioration of the global environment. A new General Assembly Resolution (S-19/2) promised further action.
Rio+10 (2002)[edit]
Main article: World Summit on Sustainable Development
The Johannesburg Plan of Implementation, agreed to at the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Earth Summit 2002), affirmed UN commitment to "full implementation" of Agenda 21, alongside achievement of the Millennium Development Goals and other international agreements.
Agenda 21 for culture (2002)[edit]
Main article: Agenda 21 for culture
The first World Public Meeting on Culture, held in Porto Alegre, Brazil, in 2002, came up with the idea to establish guidelines for local cultural policies, something comparable to what Agenda 21 was for the environment.[2] They are to be included in various subsections of Agenda 21 and will be carried out through a wide range of sub-programs beginning with G8 countries.[citation needed]
Rio+20 (2012)[edit]
Main article: United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development
In 2012, at the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development the attending members reaffirmed their commitment to Agenda 21 in their outcome document called "The Future We Want". 180 nation leaders participated.
Sustainable Development Summit (2015)[edit]
Main article: Sustainable Development Goals
Agenda 2030, also known as the Sustainable Development Goals, was a set of goals decided upon at the UN Sustainable Development Summit in 2015.[3] It takes all of the goals set by Agenda 21 and re-asserts them as the basis for sustainable development, saying, “We reaffirm all the principles of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development…”[4] Adding onto those goals from the original Rio document, a total of 17 goals have been agreed on, revolving around the same concepts of Agenda 21; people, planet, prosperity, peace, and partnership.[5]
Implementation[edit]
The Commission on Sustainable Development acts as a high-level forum on sustainable development and has acted as preparatory committee for summits and sessions on the implementation of Agenda 21. The UN Division for Sustainable Development acts as the secretariat to the Commission and works "within the context of" Agenda 21.
Implementation by member states remains voluntary, and its adoption has varied.
Local level[edit]
See also: International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives
The implementation of Agenda 21 was intended to involve action at international, national, regional and local levels. Some national and state governments have legislated or advised that local authorities take steps to implement the plan locally, as recommended in Chapter 28 of the document. These programs are often known as "Local Agenda 21" or "LA21".[6] For example, in the Philippines, the plan is "Philippines Agenda 21" (PA21). The group, ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability, formed in 1990; today its members come from over 1,000 cities, towns, and counties in 88 countries and is widely regarded as a paragon of Agenda 21 implementation.[7]
Europe turned out to be the continent where LA21 was best accepted and most implemented.[8] In Sweden, for example, all local governments have implemented a Local Agenda 21 initiative.[9]
Regional levels[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2012)
The UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs' Division for Sustainable Development monitors and evaluates progress, nation by nation, towards the adoption of Agenda 21, and makes these reports available to the public on its website.[10]
Australia[edit]
Australia is a signatory to Agenda 21 and 88 of its municipalities subscribe to ICLEI, an organization that promotes Agenda 21 globally. Australia's membership is second only to that of the United States.[11]
Africa[edit]
In Africa, national support for Agenda 21 is strong and most countries are signatories. But support is often closely tied to environmental challenges specific to each country; for example, in 2002 Sam Nujoma, who was then President of Namibia, spoke about the importance of adhering to Agenda 21 at the 2002 Earth Summit, noting that as a semi-arid country, Namibia sets a lot of store in the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD).[12] Furthermore, there is little mention of Agenda 21 at the local level in indigenous media. Only major municipalities in sub-Saharan African countries are members of ICLEI. Agenda 21 participation in North African countries mirrors that of Middle Eastern countries, with most countries being signatories but little to no adoption on the local-government level. Countries in sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa generally have poorly documented Agenda 21 status reports.[citation needed] By contrast, South Africa's participation in Agenda 21 mirrors that of modern Europe, with 21 city members of ICLEI and support of Agenda 21 by national-level government.[citation needed]
North America[edit]
United States[edit]
The national focal point in the United States is the Division Chief for Sustainable Development and Multilateral Affairs, Office of Environmental Policy, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, U.S. Department of State.[13] A June 2012 poll of 1,300 United States voters by the American Planning Association found that 9% supported Agenda 21, 6% opposed it, and 85% thought they didn't have enough information to form an opinion.[14]
Support[edit]
The United States is a signatory country to Agenda 21, but because Agenda 21 is a legally non-binding statement of intent and not a treaty, the United States Senate did not hold a formal debate or vote on it. It is therefore not considered to be law under Article Six of the United States Constitution. President George H. W. Bush was one of the 178 heads of government who signed the final text of the agreement at the Earth Summit in 1992,[15][16] and in the same year Representatives Nancy Pelosi, Eliot Engel and William Broomfield spoke in support of United States House of Representatives Concurrent Resolution 353, supporting implementation of Agenda 21 in the United States.[14][17] Created by a 1993 Executive Order, the President's Council on Sustainable Development (PCSD) is explicitly charged with recommending a national action plan for sustainable development to the President. The PCSD is composed of leaders from government and industry, as well as from environmental, labor and civil rights organizations. The PCSD submitted its report, "Sustainable America: A New Consensus", to the President in early 1996. In the absence of a multi-sectoral consensus on how to achieve sustainable development in the United States, the PCSD was conceived to formulate recommendations for the implementation of Agenda 21.
In the United States, over 528 cities are members of ICLEI, an international sustainability organization that helps to implement the Agenda 21 and Local Agenda 21 concepts across the world. The United States has nearly half of the ICLEI's global membership of 1,200 cities promoting sustainable development at a local level.[11] The United States also has one of the most comprehensively documented Agenda 21 status reports.[18] In response to the opposition, Don Knapp, U.S. spokesman for the ICLEI, has said "Sustainable development is not a top-down conspiracy from the U.N., but a bottom-up push from local governments".[14]
The Arizona Chamber of Commerce and Industry successfully lobbied against an anti-sustainable development bill in 2012, arguing "It would be bad for business" as it could drive away corporations that have embraced sustainable development.[14]
Opposition[edit]
Anti-Agenda 21 conspiracy theories have circulated in the U.S. Some Tea Party movement activists and others promoted the notion that Agenda 21 was part of a UN plot to deny property rights, undermine U.S. sovereignty, or force citizens to move to cities.[19][20][7][14][21] Activists believed that the non-binding UN resolution was "the linchpin in a plot to subjugate humanity under an eco-totalitarian regime."[20] The conspiracy theory had its roots in anti-environmentalist ideology and opposition to land-use regulation.[21]
Agenda 21 fears have played a role in opposition to local government's efforts to promote resource and land conservation, build bike lanes, and construct hubs for public transportation.[19] The non-profit group ICLEI — Local Governments for Sustainability USA - was targeted by anti-Agenda 21 activists.[19] In 2012 Glenn Beck co-wrote a dystopian novel titled Agenda 21 based in part on concepts discussed in the UN plan.[22][23][24] In the same year, fears of Agenda 21 "went mainstream" when the Republican National Committee adopted a platform resolution stated that "We strongly reject the U.N. Agenda 21 as erosive of American sovereignty."[25][20]
Several state and local governments have considered or passed motions and legislation opposing Agenda 21.[7][14][20] Most such bills failed, "either dying in committee, getting defeated on the statehouse floor or – in the case of Missouri's 2013 bill – getting vetoed by the governor."[20] In Texas, for example, broadly worded legislation that would prohibit any governmental entity from accepting from or granting money to any "nongovernmental or intergovernmental organization accredited by the United Nations to implement a policy that originated in the Agenda 21 plan" was defeated because it could have cut off funding for groups such as 4-H, the Boy Scouts of America, and the Texas Wildlife Association.[20] In Arizona, a similarly sweeping bill was introduced in the Arizona State Legislature seeking to mandate that the state could not "adopt or implement the creed, doctrine, or principles or any tenet" of Agenda 21 and to prohibit the state "implementing programs of, expending any sum of money for, being a member of, receiving funding from, contracting services from, or giving financial or other forms of aid to" an array of sustainability organizations.[20] The bill, which was opposed by the state chamber of commerce and the mayor of Phoenix, was defeated in 2012.[20] Alabama was one state that did adopt an anti-Agenda 21 resolution, unanimously passing in 2012 a measure to block "any future effort to 'deliberately or inadvertently infringe or restrict private property rights without due process, as may be required by policy recommendations originating in, or traceable to 'Agenda 21.'"[20]
Europe and Russia[edit]
European countries generally possess well documented Agenda 21 statuses.[citation needed]
France[edit]
France, whose national government, along with 14 cities, is a signatory, boasts nationwide programs supporting Agenda 21.
Baltic nations[edit]
Baltic nations formed the Baltic 21 coalition as a regional expression of Agenda 21.[26]
See also[edit]
Agenda 2030
Ecologically sustainable development
EarthCheck
Education for sustainable development
Global Map
Glocalization
ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability USA
International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives
Man and the Biosphere Programme
National Strategy for a Sustainable America
Think globally, act locally
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "What is Agenda 21?". ICLEIUSA. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 8 Dec 2012.
Jump up ^ "Culture 21 - Agenda 21 for culture". www.agenda21culture.net. Archived from the original on 25 December 2009. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "United Nations Sustainable Development Summit 2015 .:. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform". sustainabledevelopment.un.org. Archived from the original on 2017-12-11. Retrieved 2017-12-06.
Jump up ^ "Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development .:. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform". sustainabledevelopment.un.org. Archived from the original on 2017-12-05. Retrieved 2017-12-06.
Jump up ^ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015". www.un.org. Archived from the original on 2015-11-10. Retrieved 2017-12-06.
Jump up ^ Manchester Metropolitan University Archived July 22, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b c Kaufman, Leslie; Kate Zernike (3 February 2012). "Activists Fight Green Projects, Seeing U.N. Plot". New York Times. Archived from the original on 19 August 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
Jump up ^ Smardon, Richard (2008). "A comparison of Local Agenda 21 implementation in North American, European and Indian cities". Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal. 19 (1): 118–137. doi:10.1108/14777830810840408. Archived from the original on 11 June 2015. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
Jump up ^ Jörby, Sofie (2002). "Local Agenda 21 in four Swedish Municipalities: a tool towards sustainability". Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 45 (2): 219–244. doi:10.1080/09640560220116314.
Jump up ^ UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs. "Areas of Work - National Information by Country or Organization". United Nations. Archived from the original on 4 August 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b ICLEI. "ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability: Global Members". Archived from the original on 25 July 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "Namibian president calls for implementation of Agenda 21". Xinhua News Agency. 2 September 2002. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "United States of America". Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform. United Nations. Archived from the original on 2013-10-22.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Tea Party Activists Fight Agenda 21, Seeing Threatening U.N. Plot". Huffington Post. 15 October 2012. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 16 October 2012.
Jump up ^ "Senators attack sustainable development, Agenda 21". The Courier-Journal. 20 February 2013. Archived from the original on 12 October 2013.
Jump up ^ "Secret agenda at city hall?". Wyoming Tribune Eagle. 4 November 2012.
Jump up ^ Arnie Rosner (3 March 2012). "Agenda 21 Nancy Pelosi .mp4". Archived from the original on 23 March 2018. Retrieved 27 April 2018 – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ "Agenda 21 - United States". www.un.org. Archived from the original on 8 October 2017. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Kaufman, Leslie; Kate Zernike (February 4, 2012). "Activists Fight Green Projects, Seeing U.N. Plot". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 30, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Greg Harman, Agenda 21: a conspiracy theory puts sustainability in the crosshairs Archived 2017-06-26 at the Wayback Machine., The Guardian (June 24, 2015).
^ Jump up to: a b Hinkes-Jones, Llewellyn (29 August 2012). "The Anti-Environmentalist Roots of the Agenda 21 Conspiracy Theory". Archived from the original on 1 October 2012. Retrieved 16 October 2012.
Jump up ^ "Agenda 21 By Glenn Beck, Harriet Parke". USA Today. 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-09-09.
Jump up ^ Cypher, Sarah (November 19, 2012). "I got duped by Glenn Beck!". Salon.com. Archived from the original on January 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Best Sellers". The New York Times. December 9, 2012. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ Jamison, Peter (August 30, 2012). "Fears of Agenda 21 go mainstream in the Republican Party platform". Tampa Bay Times. Archived from the original on November 3, 2012. Retrieved October 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Sustainable Development - Baltic 2030 - cbss.org". cbss.org. Archived from the original on 15 November 2017. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
Further reading[edit]
Lenz, Ryan (Spring 2012). "Antigovernment Conspiracy Theorists Rail Against UN's Agenda 21 Program". Intelligence Report. Southern Poverty Law Center (145).
Earth Summit 2012
External links[edit]
"Agenda 21 text (pdf)" (PDF). unep.org.
United Nations Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform
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values: جدول أعمال القرن 21 – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ast
display: none;

values:
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_21
Agenda 21 – Catalan
ca
ca
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values:
https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_21
Agenda 21 – Czech
cs
cs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_21
Agenda 21 – Danish
da
da
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_21
Agenda 21 – German
de
de
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_21
Agenda 21 – Estonian
et
et
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values:
https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agendo_21
Agendo 21 – Esperanto
eo
eo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values:
https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_21
Agenda 21 – Basque
eu
eu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values: دستورالعمل ۲۱ – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_21
Agenda 21 – French
fr
fr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axenda_21
Axenda 21 – Galician
gl
gl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-is
display: none;

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_21
Agenda 21 – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ml
display: none;

values:
https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_21
Agenda 21 – Malay
ms
ms
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_21
Agenda 21 – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values:
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_21
Agenda 21 – Norwegian
no
no
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_21
Agenda 21 – Norwegian Nynorsk
nn
nn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pa
display: none;

values:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_21
Agenda 21 – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values:
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_21
Agenda 21 – Portuguese
pt
pt
interlanguage-link-target

values: Повестка дня на XXI век – Russian

values: Agjenda 21 për Zhvillim të Qëndrueshëm – Albanian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sq
display: none;

values:
https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_21
Agenda 21 – Slovenian
sl
sl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_21
Agenda 21 – Finnish
fi
fi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values:
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_21
Agenda 21 – Swedish
sv
sv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values: Порядок денний на XXI століття – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Agenda_21 rootpage-Agenda_21 skin-vector action-view