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Data Protection Act 1998
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Data Protection Act 1998
Act of Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Long title
An Act to make new provision for the regulation of the processing of information relating to individuals, including the obtaining, holding, use or disclosure of such information.
Territorial extent
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Dates
Royal assent
16 July 1998
Commencement
March 2000
Other legislation
Repeals
Data Protection Act 1984
Status: Repealed
Text of the Data Protection Act 1998 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk
The Data Protection Act 1998 (c 29) is a United Kingdom Act of Parliament designed to protect personal data stored on computers or in an organised paper filing system. It enacted the EU Data Protection Directive 1995's provisions on the protection, processing and movement of data.
Under the DPA 1998, individuals had legal rights to control information about themselves. Most of the Act did not apply to domestic use,[1] for example keeping a personal address book. Anyone holding personal data for other purposes was legally obliged to comply with this Act, subject to some exemptions. The Act defined eight data protection principles to ensure that information was processed lawfully.
It was superseded by the Data Protection Act 2018 (DPA 2018) on 23 May 2018. The DPA 2018 supplements the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which came into effect on 25 May 2018. The GDPR regulates the collection, storage, and use of personal data significantly more strictly.
Contents
1 Background
2 Contents
2.1 Scope of protection
2.2 Data protection principles
2.3 Exceptions
2.4 Police and court powers
2.5 Offences
2.6 Complexity
2.7 Definition of personal data
2.8 Subject Access Requests
2.9 Information Commissioner
2.10 EU’s Article 29 Working Party
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
5.1 UK legislation
Background[edit]
The 1998 Act replaced the Data Protection Act 1984 and the Access to Personal Files Act 1987, and implemented the EU Data Protection Directive 1995.
The Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003 altered the consent requirement for most electronic marketing to "positive consent" such as an opt-in box. Exemptions remain for the marketing of "similar products and services" to existing customers and enquirers, which can still be given permission on an opt out basis.
The Jersey data protection law was modelled on the UK law.[2]
Contents[edit]
Scope of protection[edit]
Section 1 defines "personal data" as any data that can be used to identify a living individual. Anonymised or aggregated data is less regulated by the Act, providing the anonymisation or aggregation has not been done in a reversible way. Individuals can be identified by various means including their name and address, telephone number or email address. The Act applies only to data which is held, or intended to be held, on computers ('equipment operating automatically in response to instructions given for that purpose'), or held in a 'relevant filing system'.[3]
In some cases paper records may be classified as a 'relevant filing system', such as an address book or a salesperson's diary used to support commercial activities.[4]
The Freedom of Information Act 2000 modified the act for public bodies and authorities, and the Durant case modified the interpretation of the act by providing case law and precedent.[5]
A person who has their data processed has the following rights:[6][7]
under section 7, to view the data an organisation holds on them for a reasonable fee: the maximum fee is £2 for requests to credit reference agencies, £50 for health and educational request, and £10 per individual otherwise,[8]
under section 14, request that incorrect information be corrected. If the company ignores the request, a court can order the data to be corrected or destroyed, and in some cases compensation can be awarded.[9]
under section 10, require that data is not used in any way that may potentially cause damage or distress.[10]
under section 11, require that their data is not used for direct marketing.[11]
Data protection principles[edit]
Schedule 1 lists eight "data protection principles".
Personal data shall be processed fairly and lawfully and, in particular, shall not be processed unless:
at least one of the conditions in Schedule 2 is met, and
in the case of sensitive personal data, at least one of the conditions in Schedule 3 is also met.
Personal data shall be obtained only for one or more specified and lawful purposes, and shall not be further processed in any manner incompatible with that purpose or those purposes.
Personal data shall be adequate, relevant and not excessive in relation to the purpose or purposes for which they are processed.
Personal data shall be accurate and, where necessary, kept up to date.
Personal data processed for any purpose or purposes shall not be kept for longer than is necessary for that purpose or those purposes.
About the rights of individuals e.g.[12] personal data shall be processed in accordance with the rights of data subjects (individuals).
Appropriate technical and organisational measures shall be taken against unauthorised or unlawful processing of personal data and against accidental loss or destruction of, or damage to, personal data.
Personal data shall not be transferred to a country or territory outside the European Economic Area unless that country or territory ensures an adequate level of protection for the rights and freedoms of data subjects in relation to the processing of personal data.
Conditions relevant to the first principle
Personal data should only be processed fairly and lawfully. In order for data to be classed as 'fairly processed', at least one of these six conditions must be applicable to that data (Schedule 2).
The data subject (the person whose data is stored) has consented ("given their permission") to the processing;
Processing is necessary for the performance of, or commencing, a contract;
Processing is required under a legal obligation (other than one stated in the contract);
Processing is necessary to protect the vital interests of the data subject;
Processing is necessary to carry out any public functions;
Processing is necessary in order to pursue the legitimate interests of the "data controller" or "third parties" (unless it could unjustifiably prejudice the interests of the data subject).[13]
Consent
Except under the below mentioned exceptions, the individual needs to consent to the collection of their personal information and its use in the purpose(s) in question. The European Data Protection Directive defines consent as “…any freely given specific and informed indication of his wishes by which the data subject signifies his agreement to personal data relating to him being processed”, meaning the individual may signify agreement other than in writing. However, non-communication should not be interpreted as consent.
Additionally, consent should be appropriate to the age and capacity of the individual and other circumstances of the case. E.g., if an organisation "intends to continue to hold or use personal data after the relationship with the individual ends, then the consent should cover this." And even when consent is given, it shouldn't be assumed to last forever. Although in most cases consent lasts for as long as the personal data needs to be processed, individuals may be able to withdraw their consent, depending on the nature of the consent and the circumstances in which the personal information is being collected and used.[14]
The Data Protection Act also specifies that sensitive personal data must be processed according to a stricter set of conditions, in particular any consent must be explicit.[14]
Exceptions[edit]
The Act is structured such that all processing of personal data is covered by the act, while providing a number of exceptions in Part IV.[1] Notable exceptions are:
Section 28 – National security. Any processing for the purpose of safeguarding national security is exempt from all the data protection principles, as well as Part II (subject access rights), Part III (notification), Part V (enforcement), and Section 55 (Unlawful obtaining of personal data).
Section 29 – Crime and taxation. Data processed for the prevention or detection of crime, the apprehension or prosecution of offenders, or the assessment or collection of taxes are exempt from the first data protection principle.
Section 36 – Domestic purposes. Processing by an individual only for the purposes of that individual's personal, family or household affairs is exempt from all the data protection principles, as well as Part II (subject access rights) and Part III (notification).
Police and court powers[edit]
The Act grants or acknowledges various police and court powers.
Section 29 – Consent of the Data Subject is not required when processing Personal Data to prevent or detect crime, apprehend or prosecute offenders, the assessment and collection of taxes and duties and to discharge a statutory function.[15]
Section 35 – Disclosures required by law or made in connection with legal proceedings. This includes obeying court orders, other laws and are part of legal proceedings.[16]
Offences[edit]
The Act details a number of civil and criminal offences for which data controllers may be liable if a data controller has failed to gain appropriate consent from a data subject. However, 'consent' is not specifically defined in the Act and so is a common law matter.
Section 21(1) makes it an offence to process personal information without registration.[17]
Section 21(2) makes it an offence to fail to comply with the notification regulations made by the Secretary of State[17] (proposed by the Information Commissioner under section 25 of the Act).[18]
Section 55 makes unlawful obtaining of personal data. This section makes it an offence for people (Other Parties), such as hackers and impersonators, outside the organisation to obtain unauthorised access to the personal data.[19]
Section 56 makes it a criminal offence to require an individual to make a Subject Access Request relating to cautions or convictions for the purposes of recruitment, continued employment, or the provision of services.[20] This section came into force on 10 March 2015.[21]
Complexity[edit]
The UK Data Protection Act is a large Act that has a reputation for complexity.[22] While the basic principles are honoured for protecting privacy, interpreting the act is not always simple. Many companies, organisations and individuals seem very unsure of the aims, content and principles of the Act. Some hide behind the Act and refuse to provide even very basic, publicly available material quoting the Act as a restriction.[23] The Act also impacts on the way in which organisations conduct business in terms of who can be contacted for marketing purposes, not only by telephone and direct mail but also electronically and has led to the development of permission based marketing strategies.
Definition of personal data[edit]
The definition of personal data is data relating to a living individual who can be identified
from that data or
from that data and other information in the possession of, or is likely to come into the possession of, the data controller
Sensitive personal data concerns the subject's race, ethnicity, politics, religion, trade union status, health, sex life or criminal record.[24]
Subject Access Requests[edit]
The Information Commissioner's Office website states regarding Subject Access Requests (SARs)[25]: "You have the right to find out if an organisation is using or storing your personal data. This is called the right of access. You exercise this right by asking for a copy of the data, which is commonly known as making a ‘subject access request". Before the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) came into force on 25 May 2018 organisations could charge a specified fee for responding to a SAR, of up to £10 for most requests. Following the GDPR[25]: "A copy of your personal data should be provided free. An organisation may charge for additional copies. It can only charge a fee if it thinks the request is ‘manifestly unfounded or excessive’. If so, it may ask for a reasonable fee for administrative costs associated with the request."
Information Commissioner[edit]
Main article: Information Commissioner's Office
Compliance with the Act is regulated and enforced by an independent authority, the Information Commissioner's Office, which maintains guidance relating to the Act.[26][27]
EU’s Article 29 Working Party[edit]
In January 2017 the Information Commissioner's Office invited public comments on the EU’s Article 29 Working Party's proposed changes to data protection law and the anticipated introduction of extensions to the interpretation of the Act, the Guide to the General Data Protection Regulation.[28]
See also[edit]
Data Protection Act, 2012 (Ghana)
Computer Misuse Act 1990
Data privacy
Data Protection Directive (EU)
Freedom of Information Act 2000
Gaskin v United Kingdom
List of UK government data losses
Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003
General Data Protection Regulation – a 2016 EU regulation on data protection
Smith v Lloyds TSB Bank plc
Durant v Financial Services Authority [2003] EWCA Civ 1746
Data Protection Bill [HL] 2017-19, Bill No. HL 104 of 2018
("The Data Protection Bill was considered at Report Stage on Wednesday 9 May 2018 and read and passed with Amendments.")
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Data Protection Act 1998, Part IV (Exemptions), Section 36, Office of Public Sector Information, accessed 6 September 2007
Jump up ^ Jersey: Data Protection In Jersey And Other Offshore Jurisdictions 23 July 2008 Article by Wendy Benjamin, mondaq.com,
Jump up ^ "Data Protection Act 1998, Basic interpretative provisions". Office of Public Sector Information. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
Jump up ^ "Determining what information is 'data' for the purposes of the DPA" (PDF). Information Commissioner's Office. 16 March 2012. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "What is personal data? Information Commissioner updates guidance". Pinsent Masons. 30 August 2007. Retrieved 20 August 2012. In the case involving Michael Durant he sought information held on him by the Financial Services Authority. The Court of Appeal ruled that just because a document contained his name it was not necessarily defined as personal data. This changed the perception of how wide a definition of personal data could be.
Jump up ^ Your rights, ICO, accessed 6 September 2007
Jump up ^ "The rights of individuals (Principle 6)", ICO, accessed 7 December 2016
Jump up ^ "FAQs". Information Commissioner's Office. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Claiming compensation". Information Commissioner's Office. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Data Protection Act 1998, Part II (Rights of data subjects and others), Section 10, Office of Public Sector Information, accessed 6 September 2007
Jump up ^ Data Protection Act 1998, Part II (Rights of data subjects and others), Section 11, Office of Public Sector Information, accessed 6 September 2007
Jump up ^ The rights of individuals (Principle 6), ICO.org.uk, accessed 14 April 2011
Jump up ^ OPSI.gov.uk Data Protection Act 1998 Schedule 2
^ Jump up to: a b "Conditions for Processing – Guide to Data Protection – ICO". Information Commissioner's Office. Retrieved 8 February 2013.
Jump up ^ Data Protection Act 1998, Part IV (Exceptions – Crime and taxation), Section 29
Jump up ^ Data Protection Act 1998, Part IV (Exemptions – Disclosures required by law or made in connection with legal proceedings etc.), Section 35
^ Jump up to: a b Data Protection Act 1998, Part III (Notification by Data Controllers), Section 21, Office of Public Sector Information)
Jump up ^ Data Protection Act 1998, Part III (Notification by Data Controllers), Section 25
Jump up ^ Data Protection Act 1998, Part VI (Miscellaneous and General), Section 55, Office of Public Sector Information, accessed 14 September 2007
Jump up ^ Data Protection Act 1998, Part VI (Miscellaneous and General), Section 56, Office of Public Sector Information, accessed 14 September 2007
Jump up ^ http://www.lewissilkin.com/Journal/2015/March/Forced-data-subject-access-requests-are-now-a-criminal-offence.aspx
Jump up ^ Bainbridge, D: "Introduction to Computer Law – Fifth Edition", page 430. Pearson Education Limited, 2005
Jump up ^ Data Protection myths and realities, Information Commissioner's Office, accessed 30 August 2008
Jump up ^ "Data Protection Act 1998". UK Statute Law Database. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Your right of access". Information Commissioner's Office. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "The Guide to Data Protection". Information Commissioner's Office. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
Jump up ^ Guidance – The Data Protection Act, Page of Assorted Guidance, Information Commissioner's Office, accessed 20 October 2007
Jump up ^ "Guide to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)". ico.org.uk. 22 December 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
External links[edit]
Wikiversity has learning resources about Data Protection Act 1998
Information Commissioner's Office
The Department for Constitutional Affairs
Council of Europe – ETS no. 108 – Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data (1981) – basis for Data Protection Act 1984
Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data – basis for Data Protection Act 1998
UK legislation[edit]
Text of the Data Protection Act 1998 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk
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Rady School of Management
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article contains content that is written like an advertisement. Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view. (July 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Rady School of Management
Wells Fargo Hall
Type
Public
Established
2001
Dean
Robert S. Sullivan
Academic staff
22
Postgraduates
476 MBA
Location
La Jolla, California, USA
32°53′13″N 117°14′28″W / 32.887°N 117.241°W / 32.887; -117.241Coordinates: 32°53′13″N 117°14′28″W / 32.887°N 117.241°W / 32.887; -117.241
Website
rady.ucsd.edu
The Rady School of Management at the University of California San Diego is a graduate-level business school offering full-time and part-time Master of Business Administration (MBA) programs, a full-time Master of Finance degree and a full-time Master of Science in Business Analytics degree. In addition, the Rady School has a Ph.D. program, offers non-degree executive development programs, and undergraduate courses including minors in business, accounting and entrepreneurship & innovation. The Rady School of Management is the second-youngest professional school at the University of California San Diego, one of the top-ranked institutions in the U.S. for higher education and research.[1] UC San Diego’s lineage includes 16 Nobel laureates (former and current faculty).
The Rady School of Management was created due to a need expressed to the school’s founders by the San Diego business community.[2] Experiential learning is at the core of all programs, providing students the opportunity to graduate with both an education and applied experience.
Contents
1 Master's programs
2 Other Rady programs
3 Dean
4 Distinguished faculty
5 Campus
6 Centers and institutes
7 MBA rankings
8 References
9 External links
Master's programs[edit]
The south face of the Rady School of Management
The courtyard in the school's center
MBA
The Rady School offers the MBA program in two formats, the FlexMBA and the Full-Time MBA. The FlexMBA program is designed for working professionals.
The MBA curriculum places a special emphasis on issues faced by innovation-driven companies, allowing Rady MBAs to develop expertise in key industry sectors. The school works collaboratively with the business community and the UC San Diego campus.
Lab to Market
Rady School Alumni
Rady School students and alumni have a significant impact on the innovation economy locally, nationally and globally. They have launched over 95 companies that are operational today. In a single year, Rady School alumni and students had a nearly $2 Billion impact on the economy through funding events, partnerships, revenue generation and an IPO. Alumni ‘intrapreneurs’ have launched over 100 products or services within their organizations.[citation needed]
Master of Finance
The Master of Finance degree program was introduced by the Rady School of Management in February 2014. The Master of Finance degree is a one-year program aimed at preparing graduates to tackle the significant challenges facing the financial sector. Master of Finance students learn methods for analyzing big data for financial decision making and risk management.
Master of Science in Business Analytics
In July 2015, the Rady School announced it will offer a Master of Science in Business Analytics, with the first class matriculating in fall 2016.
Executive Development
The Rady Center for Executive Development offers programs for professionals looking to develop their business acumen in a non-degreed format. The Center offers custom programs, open enrollment programs, half-day courses in the Learning Consortium series and a leadership assessment program.
Other Rady programs[edit]
Undergraduate
The Rady School offers undergraduate minors in business and accounting, currently the most popular undergraduate minors at UC San Diego.[3] In 2015, an undergraduate minor in Entrepreneurship & Innovation was launched by the school.
Ph.D.
The Rady School offers a Ph.D. program in management.
MBA/Ph.D.
The Rady School also offers a concurrent MBA degree for students pursuing a Ph.D. at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography.[4]
Dean[edit]
Founding Dean Robert S. Sullivan, Ph.D., was appointed dean on January 1, 2003. Prior to his arrival at UC San Diego, he served as dean of the Kenan-Flagler Business School at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and as dean of the Graduate School of Industrial Administration at Carnegie Mellon University. On July 1, 2013, Robert S. Sullivan was named the chair of the AACSB (Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business), where he served until 2015.[5]
Distinguished faculty[edit]
Rady School faculty were ranked 14th in faculty research in the world in 2015 by the Financial Times Global MBA Rankings. Bloomberg Businessweek ranked Rady School faculty 1st in Intellectual Capital in 2014.
Campus[edit]
Otterson Hall at the Rady School
Otterson Hall
Otterson Hall was named in honor of the late William (Bill) Otterson, co-founder of UC San Diego CONNECT, in appreciation for his contributions to the San Diego business community and his impact on the region.
The facility comprises 50,000 square feet (4,600 m2) of classrooms, offices and community space. The building provides views overlooking the Pacific Ocean and the Torrey Pines Gliderport. Otterson Hall is powered in part by a rooftop solar photovoltaic system.
Wells Fargo Hall
The school began construction in 2010 on a new 81,000 square foot building, Wells Fargo Hall, which has completed May 2012. The five-story structure connects with Otterson Hall and features large capacity classrooms, conference rooms, a behavioral lab and the 295-seat J.R. Beyster Auditorium. Wells Fargo Hall also features an outdoor space adjacent to the J.R. Beyster Auditorium named Sullivan Square, in honor of the school’s founding dean Robert S. Sullivan. Wells Fargo Hall is LEED Gold certified.
Centers and institutes[edit]
The Beyster Institute
The Beyster Institute at the Rady School focuses on training, education and consulting in entrepreneurship and employee ownership. The Beyster Institute was established by Dr. J. Robert Beyster—founder of Science Applications International Corporation in 2002. It became a part of the Rady School in 2004.
California Institute for Innovation and Development
The Rady School of Management is home to the California Institute for Innovation and Development (CIID). There are several programs within CIID:
Rady Venture Fund: Rady MBA students have the opportunity to participate in the Rady Venture Fund, a student-assisted venture capital fund that provides a source of funding for local startup companies. Launched in 2010, the Rady Venture Fund teaches graduate students about venture finance, investment analysis and fund management.[6]
StartR: Founded in 2013, StartR is a non-profit business accelerator designed to propel the success of companies founded by Rady School students and alumni. StartR is a free, six month-long program that provides startup teams with mentoring, workshops, seminars, work space, consultation with Rady School faculty and industry experts, connections to funding sources and a conduit to the larger San Diego business community.
mystartupXX: The Rady School of Management, in collaboration with the UC San Diego von Liebig Center for Entrepreneurism and Technology Advancement at the Jacobs School of Engineering, launched the mystartupXX initiative in 2011. The mystartupXX program is to promote female students interested in entrepreneurship.
Center for Business Analytics
The Center for Business Analytics serves as a catalyst for research, education and innovation in the use of analytics and big data.
Center for Social Innovation and Impact
The Center for Social Innovation and Impact was established with assistance from Carol Lazier and Family, whose $1 million endowment supported the launch of the center.
U.S. - Israel Center on Innovation and Economic Sustainability
The U.S. – Israel Center on Innovation and Economic Sustainability was founded in 2012 to connect industry leaders, entrepreneurs and community supporters from around the world to work collaboratively on issues of innovation and growth.
MBA rankings[edit]
The Full-Time, FlexEvening (Part-Time) and FlexWeekend (EMBA) MBA programs at the Rady School have been ranked by U.S. and international publications.
Recent Rady School MBA Rankings 1st in Intellectual Capital (Businessweek 2014)
14th in Faculty Research (Financial Times 2015)
33rd in U.S. for EMBA programs (The Economist 2015)
51st in U.S. for Full-Time MBA programs (Businessweek 2014)
58th in U.S. for Part-Time MBA programs (U.S. News & World Report 2015)
63rd in U.S. for Full-Time MBA programs (U.S. News & World Report 2015)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ New Rankings Retrieved 9/29/2015
Jump up ^ UCSD’s Rady School develops high-tech leaders Retrieved 9-22-2015
Jump up ^ Rady School of Management offers the most popular undergraduate minor at the University of California, San Diego Retrieved 10-6-10
Jump up ^ UC San Diego to Offer Nation’s First Concurrent Oceanography Ph.D. and MBA Degree Retrieved 10-6-10
Jump up ^ "Robert S. Sullivan, Dean of the Rady School of Management, Assumes Chair of AACSB International". SYS-CON Media. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
Jump up ^ UCSD Students to Help Run New Fund Retrieved 10-6-10
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Eric Stuart
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For the English singer, see Eric Stewart.
Eric Stuart
Stuart performing in Phoenix, Arizona in 2016
Born
(1967-10-18) October 18, 1967 (age 50)
Brooklyn, New York City, U.S.[1]
Residence
Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.[1]
Occupation
Voice actor, voice director, musician
Years active
1985–present
Musical career
Genres
Rock
Instruments
Vocals, guitar
Labels
Widow's Peak
Associated acts
Peter Frampton
Website
http://www.ericstuart.com
Eric Stuart (born October 18, 1967)[2][3] is an American voice actor, voice director and musician who worked for 4Kids Entertainment, NYAV Post, and Central Park Media. He provides voices for English dubs of anime, cartoons, and video games. Some of his most prominent roles include Brock and James in Pokémon, Seto Kaiba in Yu-Gi-Oh!, and Gourry Gabriev in Slayers.[4][1] His rock band, the Eric Stuart Band, has toured with many acts in the 1990s including Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band and Peter Frampton.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 Life and career
2 Discography
3 Filmography
3.1 Anime
3.2 Animation
3.3 Film
3.4 Video games
4 References
5 External links
Life and career[edit]
Stuart was born in Brooklyn, New York, to a modern dancer mother and a criminal attorney father.[6]
As a stage performer, he has toured with Peter Frampton (1999, 2000), Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band (1997),[1] Lynyrd Skynyrd (1997), and has opened for Jethro Tull (1997), Julian Cope (1995), Hall & Oates (1997, 1998), and Chicago (1995, 1997, 1998) as well.[7] Frampton produced his album Blue, Dressed in Black.[1]
Discography[edit]
Curiosity (1996)[6]
Picture Perfect World (1997)[6]
Eric Stuart (1998)[6]
Blue, Dressed in Black (2000)
BombShellShocked (2003)
In The County Of Kings (2007)
Empty Frame of Reference (2009)
Falls on Me (2011) [8]
Lipstick and Barbed Wire (2013)[1]
Filmography[edit]
Stuart speaking with fans at 2016 Saboten Con in Phoenix, Arizona.
Anime[edit]
List of voice performances in anime
Year
Title
Role
Crew role, notes
Source[9]
000000002001-09-29-00002001–06 Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters Seto Kaiba, Kemo, Sid, others Voice director
000000001998-09-08-00001998–2006 Pokémon Brock, James, others Voice director (seasons 1-6)
000000001995-01-01-00001995–97, 2009 Slayers series Gourry Gabriev [10]
2007-10 Dinosaur King Dr. Z, Patrick, Spartacus (minor role), Mr. Copper (minor role)
2005–06 Yu-Gi-Oh! GX Bastion Misawa, Titan, Kagemaru, Ojama Black, Ojama King, others Voice director
2014 Yu-Gi-Oh! Zexal Jinlon
000000002006-05-09-00002006 Animation Runner Kuromi 2 Mizuho Tanonaka [11]
2005 Magical DoReMi Vice Principal Shoople
2004–06 One Piece Narrator 4Kids dub
2004 F-Zero: GP Legend Black Shadow, Octoman
000000002003-09-09-00002003 Animation Runner Kuromi Mizuho Tanonaka, Shin Kumegawa, others [11]
2003 Shaman King Marco, Flying Zen Brother #1, Additional Voices
2002 Kirby: Right Back at Ya! Meta Knight, Blade Knight, Gus, Sword Knight [12]
2001 Fighting Foodons Burnt Meatballs, Cole Slawter, Gazmacho, Additional Voices
2001 Tama and Friends Rockney
2001 Descendants of Darkness Yutaka Watari
1996 Yu Yu Hakusho: Eizu Hakusho 2 Koenma
1993 Art of Fighting Jack Turner and John Crawley
1991 Here is Greenwood Number One, Furusawa, Lupin, Tochizawa Central Park Media dub
1990 The Ninja Dragon
1988 Gall Force: Eternal Story Boy
1985 Night on the Galactic Railroad Lighthouse Keeper
Animation[edit]
List of voice performances in animation
Year
Title
Role
Crew role, notes
Source[9]
2013 Operation Freedom Force Voice director
2012 The Illusionauts Voice director
2008–09 Gogoriki Voice director, writer
2006 Viva Pinata Les, Mongo, Norman, Ruffians, others Voice director, producer
2005 G.I. Joe: Sigma Six Hi-Tech, others Voice director
2004 Pokémon: Jirachi Wish Maker Brock, Hippie, James Voice director
2004 Incredible Crash Dummies Crunch Voice director
2002 Ultimate Muscle: The Kinnikuman Legacy Dik Dik Van Dik, Mac Metaphor, King Muscle, Adversarious, Dial Bolic, Geronimo, Clawdaddy, Sgt. Muscle, Hanzo, The Protector, Jagg-Ed Voice director
2003–04 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Harry Parker, Purple DragonGang Leader, others
2003 The Fight for the Fox Box Diabolic
Film[edit]
List of voice performances in feature films
Year
Title
Role
Crew role, notes
Source[9]
000000002017-01-01-00002017 Yu-Gi-Oh!: The Dark Side of Dimensions Seto Kaiba [13]
000000002004-08-13-00002004 Yu-Gi-Oh! The Movie: Pyramid of Light Seto Kaiba Voice director
2001 Pokémon 3: The Movie Brock, James
2000 Pokémon: The Movie 2000 James, Charizard
1999 Pokémon: The First Movie Brock, James, Squirtle
List of voice performances in direct-to-video and television films
Year
Title
Role
Crew role, notes
Source[9]
2003 Pokémon Heroes Brock, James, Lorenzo
2002 Pokémon 4Ever Brock, James
2000 Pokémon: Mewtwo Returns Brock, James
Video games[edit]
List of voice performances in video games
Year
Title
Role
Crew role, notes
Source[9]
2016 Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Links Seto Kaiba, Dox, Bastion Misawa
2004 Yu-Gi-Oh! Capsule Monster Coliseum Seto Kaiba
2004 Yu-Gi-Oh! Destiny Board Traveler Seto Kaiba, Kaibaman
2004 Yu-Gi-Oh! Reshef of Destruction Seto Kaiba
2004 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 2: Battle Nexus Additional voices
2003 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Harry, Quarry
2001 Shadow Hearts Yuri Hyuga
2000 Labyrinth of Flames Galan
1999 Valkyrie Profile Grey, Lucian
1999 Pikachu’s Winter Vacation Brock, Squirtle, Electrode, Dexter
1992 RG Veda Bishamonten

References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "AniMinneapolis Announces Eric Stuart". animenewsnetwork.com. Retrieved January 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Copyright Office citations for birth year:
"Blue, dressed in black. / Stuart, Eric, 1967-". United States Copyright Office. Retrieved January 19, 2017.
"Public Catalog". United States Copyright Office. Retrieved January 19, 2017. Search for Name "Stuart Eric" and select "Blue, dressed in black."
Jump up ^ "Eric Stuart Band on Apple Music". apple.com. Retrieved January 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ "BAAF to Kick off at J&R Music & Computer World". animenewsnetwork.com. Retrieved January 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ "ERIC STUART BAND – ERIC STUART". ericstuart.com. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Eric Stuart Biography (1968-)". Filmreference.com. Retrieved July 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ Merchant, John (July 10, 2000). "MUSKEGON SUMMER CELEBRATION". Muskegon Chronicle.
Jump up ^ "THE SHOP – ERIC STUART". www.ericstuart.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "VOICE ACTING & DIRECTING – ERIC STUART". ericstuart.com. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Funimation Adds Sengoku Basara TV Anime Series (Update 2)". animenewsnetwork.com. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Eric Stuart". behindthevoiceactors.com. Retrieved January 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Supanova Pop Culture Expo Gold Coast on this Weekend!". animenewsnetwork.com. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Dan Green, Eric Stuart Return for Yu-Gi-Oh!: The Dark Side of Dimensions Film's English Dub (Updated With Trailer)". animenewsnetwork.com. Retrieved January 20, 2017.
External links[edit]
Official website
Eric Stuart on IMDb
Eric Stuart at Anime News Network's encyclopedia
Eric Stuart convention appearances on AnimeCons.com
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
LCCN: no2004007083
MusicBrainz: 39c6af62-6918-4d1d-9666-1fc78149ea67
VIAF: 78482371
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eric_Stuart&oldid=843877726"
Categories:
1967 births
Living people
American male musicians
American musicians
American male voice actors
Voice directors
Musicians from Brooklyn
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Male actors from Nashville, Tennessee
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YouTube Play Button
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 28 August 2018.
Jump to navigation Jump to search
YouTube Play Buttons, a part of the YouTube Creator Rewards, act as recognition by YouTube of its most popular channels.[1]
These are distinct from the YouTube Awards, which are intended to recognize the best quality videos. YouTube Creator Rewards are based on a channel's subscriber count, but are awarded at the sole discretion of YouTube. Each channel is reviewed before an award is issued, to ensure that the channel follows the YouTube community guidelines.[1] YouTube reserves the right to refuse to hand out a Creator Reward, which it did not give to select channels with horror or political content, and various critics.[2][3]
Contents
1 Benefits and awards
1.1 Benefit levels
1.2 Awards
2 References
Benefits and awards[edit]
Benefit levels[edit]
These levels do not include awards, but offer alternative benefits instead:
Graphite, for channels that reach or surpass 1 subscriber.
Opal, for channels that reach or surpass 1,000 subscribers. It is one of three requirements to apply to the YouTube Partner Program for monetization, the other two being a minimum of 4,000 watch hours in the past 12 months and a review of the channel's content to determine eligibility. Channels with monetization can also enable Super Chat, while YouTube Gaming channels can also enable channel membership.[4]
Bronze, for channels that reach or surpass 10,000 subscribers. If a channel is monetized, this level adds a Teespring monetization option, which is only visible in the United States.[5]
Awards[edit]
When a verified YouTuber reaches a specific milestone and is deemed eligible for a YouTube Creator Reward,[1] they are awarded a relatively flat trophy in a metal casing with a YouTube play button symbol. The trophies are of different sizes: each button and plaque gets progressively bigger the more subscribers the channel gets.[6]
There are currently three different tiers of rewards,[1] plus a fourth that has been awarded only once:
The Silver Play Button, for channels that reach or surpass 100,000 subscribers. The old version was made of nickel-plated cupronickel alloy.[7] The new version (as of March 1, 2017) is 92% nickel, 5% carbon and 2.5% zinc, with traces of other metals.[8] In March 2018 the look of Silver Play Button was updated from a metal button housed within a window box with the channel's name printed on the front glass pane to a cleaner-looking flat designed metal plaque award featuring the channel name's embossed on it.[9]
The Gold Play Button, for channels that reach or surpass 1,000,000 subscribers. It is made of gold-plated brass.[7] In March 2018 the look of Gold Play Button was updated from a metal button housed within a window box with the channel's name printed on the front glass pane to a cleaner-looking flat designed metal plaque award featuring the channel name's embossed on it.[9][10][11]
The Diamond Play Button, for channels that reach or surpass 10,000,000 subscribers. It is made of silver-plated metal inset with a large piece of crystal in the shape of a play button triangle.[12][13]
The Ruby Play Button, for channels that reach or surpass 50,000,000 subscribers. On December 18, 2016, YouTuber PewDiePie was the first YouTuber to receive a ruby colored trophy as a gift for reaching 50,000,000 subscribers. It was made in the shape of his channel's logo: a hand giving a "bro fist", or a fist bump. It also came with several mini-awards to be gifted to subscribers that had been subscribed the longest and were still active. It is not referenced in the Creators Award page, and it is unknown if such a trophy will be given out to any other YouTuber who surpasses the milestone in the future.[14][15]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d "YouTube Creator Rewards". YouTube. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ Weiss, Geoff (February 6, 2018). "YouTube On 'Play Button' Awards: "Not All Creators Who Apply Will Receive Awards" - Tubefilter". Tubefilter. Retrieved June 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ Alexander, Julia (February 2, 2018). "YouTube says 'not all creators who apply' for Creator Awards will receive them". Polygon. Retrieved June 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Channel membership eligibility on YouTube Gaming - YouTube Gaming Help". YouTube Gaming Help. Retrieved August 21, 2018.
Jump up ^ Alexander, Julia (June 21, 2018). "YouTube partners with Teespring to help creators sell official merchandise". Polygon. Retrieved August 21, 2018.
Jump up ^ "YouTube Creator Hub". YouTube. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "What is the Gold Play Button REALLY Made Of?". YouTube. Retrieved June 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "What is the NEW Silver Play Button REALLY made of?!". YouTube. Retrieved April 29, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "YouTube's silver and gold play buttons are getting a new look". SocialBladeBlog. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ Acuna, Kirsten (July 19, 2012). "YouTube Is Rewarding Its Most Popular Users With Gold". Business Insider. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ Cohen, Joshua (June 29, 2012). "YouTube Gives 24-Karat Gold 'Play Button' to Channels with 1M+ Subs". Tubefilter. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ Brouwer, Bree (July 24, 2015). "YouTube Gives New Diamond Play Button To Channels With 10 Million Subscribers". Tubefilter. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ Dillon, Poppy (August 3, 2015). "YouTube Announced Diamond Play Button". TenEighty. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "PewdiePie's video on receiving the award". Retrieved May 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ "YouTube Sends PewDiePie Custom Ruby Play Button To Commemorate 50 Million Subscribers". TubeFilter. Retrieved May 1, 2017.
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