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List of Star Wars filming locations
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Map showing Star Wars shooting locations and film studios
Scenery left over from the filming of Tatooine scenes in Onk Jmel, Tunisia
Multiple global locations were used between 1976 and 2003 for filming locations during the production of the first six Star Wars films to provide the setting for alien planets in the Star Wars Universe.
Most locations were used to shoot principal photography with actors; more recently as digital filmmaking has become more common, some prequel trilogy locations were shot with no actors present and digitally composited into the films to provide a backdrop of a story setting.
Listed below are locations used for filming of the following Star Wars films:
Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (1999)
Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (2002)
Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (2005)
Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope (1977)
Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back (1980)
Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi (1983)
Star Wars Episode VII: The Force Awakens (2015)
Star Wars Episode VIII: The Last Jedi (2017)
Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (2016)
In addition to filming locations, a list of film studios is also included for reference.
Contents
[hide]
1 Maps
2 Location filming
3 Studios
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Maps[edit]
Death Valley
Redwood National Park
Yuma Desert
Tunisia locations
Europe locations
UK locations
Phang Nga
Guilin
Tikal
Laamu Atoll
Iceland locations
Wadi Rum
Fox Studios
Locations around the world
Eyjafjallajökull
Reynisfjara
Mount Etna
Palace of Caserta
Hardangerjøkulen
Seville
Grindelwald
Balbianello
Skellig Michael
Locations in continental Europe
Tozeur
Nefta
Matmata
Ksar Ouled Soltane
Ksar Hadada
Ajim
Locations in Tunisia
Ealing Studios
Leavesden Studios
Shepperton Studios
Whippendell Woods
Studios & locations in the UK
Location filming[edit]
Image
Location
Country
Episode
Setting
Notes

Ksar Hadada, Ghoumrassen Tunisia I Tatooine: Mos Espa slave quarters [1]
Ksar Ouled Soltane Tunisia I Tatooine: Mos Espa slave quarters 30 km south of Tataouine[1]
Onk Jemal, Tozeur 33°59′39″N 7°50′34″E / 33.994030°N 7.842748°E / 33.994030; 7.842748 Tunisia I Tatooine: Mos Espa street set Location of the lightsaber duel between Qui-Gon Jinn & Darth Maul; Mos Espa;[1]
Palace of Caserta Italy I, II Naboo Royal Palace [2]
Whippendell Woods, Cassiobury Park, Watford UK I Naboo forest scene First meeting of Qui-Gon Jinn and Obi-Wan Kenobi with Jar Jar Binks.[3][4]
Plaza de España in Seville Spain II Naboo: City of Theed [5]

Villa del Balbianello Italy II Naboo lakeside Used for Anakin and Padmé's wedding scene overlooking Lake Como [6]
Matmata Tunisia II, IV Tatooine: Lars Homestead Used for courtyard shots and Lars dinner scene. The homestead also featured in Attack of the Clones[1][7]
Phang Nga Bay, near Phuket Thailand III Kashyyyk Aerial footage of limestone karst mountains which was later composited into the film for the approach over the Battle of Kashyyyk [8]
Guilin China III Kashyyyk Footage of limestone karst mountains which was later composited into the film for the backdrop of Kashyyyk[9]
Mount Etna Italy III Mustafar The volcano erupted during filming of Episode III and Lucasfilm sent camera crews to shoot several angles of the eruption; footage was later composited into the background of the scenes set on Mustafar including the lightsaber duel of Obi-Wan Kenobi and Anakin Skywalker.[10][11]
Grindelwald Switzerland III Alderaan Footage of mountain scenery which was later composited into the film for the backdrop of the planet Alderaan[12]

Chott el Djerid, near Nefta 33°50′34″N 7°46′45″E / 33.842850°N 7.779055°E / 33.842850; 7.779055 Tunisia IV Tatooine desert and Lars homestead Area west of Nefta: chott used for the Lars homestead[1]
La Grande Dune, near Nefta Tunisia IV Tatooine desert Sand dunes west of Nefta used to film the landing area of the escape pod of C-3PO and R2-D2[1][13][14]
Tikal Guatemala IV Yavin IV Rebel Base Exterior panoramic shots over the Yavin IV jungle towards the Massassi Temple[15][16]
RAF Cardington, Bedfordshire UK IV, R1 Yavin IV Rebel Base Interior of disused WWII airship sheds were used for the Rebel Base hangar scenes inside the Massassi Temple on the Fourth Moon of Yavin IV; Shed 1 was used in Ep.IV and Shed 2 was used for Rogue One.[17][18]

Death Valley National Park United States IV Tatooine desert
Several Tatooine scenes:[15][19]
Mesquite Flat Sand Dunes - scene where R2D2 goes his separate way after he and C3P0 crash their escape pod on Tatooine (spliced with footage shot in Tunisia)
Artists Palette & Golden Canyon - Canyon where R2D2 is abducted by Jawas (spliced with footage shot at Sidi Bouhlel, Tunisia)
Artist's Drive - Where the miniature Sandcrawler was filmed for the shot of R2D2 being carried up to it by Jawas
Desolation Canyon - Canyon where Tusken Raiders mount Bantha before Luke Skywalker is attacked (spliced with Sidi Bouhlel footage)
Dante's View - panoramic establishing shot of Mos Eisley (spliced with Sidi Bouhlel footage of Luke and Obi-Wan standing on rocky outcrop)
Ajim, Island of Djerba Tunisia IV Tatooine: Mos Eisley Spaceport Scenes shot in the town include the exterior of the Mos Eisley Cantina. An old mosque outside the town (33°44′27″N 10°44′05″E / 33.740855°N 10.734859°E / 33.740855; 10.734859) was used for exterior shots of Obi-Wan Kenobi's house.[1]
Sidi Jemour, Island of Djerba Tunisia IV Tatooine: Tosche Station Location for the deleted exterior scenes with Luke and Biggs Darklighter; also used as a backdrop in the Special Edition for the scene showing Luke's landspeeder heading towards Mos Eisley[1][20]
Shubiel Gorge, Sidi Bouhlel (or Sidi Bou Helal), near Tozeur 34°02′11″N 8°16′49″E / 34.036255°N 8.280333°E / 34.036255; 8.280333 Tunisia IV Tatooine canyon
Several Tatooine scenes:[13][21]
Canyon where R2D2 is abducted by Jawas (spliced with footage shot at Death Valley, USA)
Canyon where Tusken Raiders attack Luke Skywalker (spliced with Death Valley footage)
Scene of wrecked Sandcrawler after attack by Imperial stormtroopers
Also features in The Phantom Menace.[1]

Hardangerjøkulen Glacier Norway V Hoth Exterior scenes during the battle of Hoth[22]

Twenty-Mule Team Canyon, Death Valley, California USA VI Tatooine: Road to Jabba's Palace Two Tatooine scenes:
C-3P0 and R2D2 walk up to the Palace of Jabba the Hutt on Tatooine.
"Lost scene" of Luke Skywalker working on a new lightsaber in a cave overlooking the Millennium Falcon and his X-wing, followed by R2D2 and C3PO starting their trek to Jabba's palace.
Buttercup Valley, Yuma Desert United States VI Tatooine exteriors
Location used for the Great Pit of Carkoon scene [23][24]
Additional footage for the special edition of A New Hope of stormtroopers finding evidence of droids was shot here and cut in with original shots from La Grande Dune, Tunisia [25][26]
Del Norte County, CA USA VI Endor Forest scenes on the moon of Endor
Rub' al Khali UAE VII Jakku Desert scenes on the planet Jakku[27][28]
Derwentwater, Cumbria UK VII Takodana Lakeside setting of Maz Kanata's Castle on Takodana; some Lakeland Fells in the background are altered with CGI[29][28]
Thirlmere, Cumbria UK VII Takodana Low-level X-Wing flight sequences over Takodana; the background was apparently flipped horizontally[29][28]
Puzzlewood, Forest of Dean UK VII Takodana Forest scenes on the surface of Takodana[30][28]
RAF Greenham Common, Berkshire UK VII D'Qar Disused missile silos formed the backdrop for the Resistance Base[31][28]
Eyjafjallajökull Iceland VII Starkiller Base Snow scenes on the surface of Starkiller Base[28]
Skellig Michael Ireland VII Ahch-To: Luke's refuge Final scenes: Rey meeting Luke Skywalker for the first time[28]
Canary Wharf UK R1 Imperial Base London's Canary Wharf tube station was used as the setting for the Imperial security complex on Scarif. The Norman Foster-designed station's escalators and glass safety doors are particularly noticeable in the film. [32]
Laamu Atoll Maldives R1 Planet Scarif The Laamu Atoll makes up 82 of the 1,192 Maldivian islands. The atoll's Gan, which is one of the Maldives' largest islands, stood in for planet Scarif. [32]
Reynisfjara Iceland R1 Planet Eadu A 20-minute drive from Vík í Mýrdal, Reynisfjara served as the setting for the planet Eadu. [32]
Wadi Rum Jordan R1 Planet Jedha Wadi Rum is a popular desert location, also used in The Martian. This location earned the Royal Film Commission – Jordan the Location Managers Guild Award for best Film Commission in 2017. [33]
Bovingdon Airfield, Hertfordshire UK R1 Scarif Battle scenes on the surface of Scarif[34]
Studios[edit]
Image
Location
Country
Episode
Setting
Notes
Ealing Studios UK II
Elstree Studios UK II, III, R1, IV, V, VI The largest Stage 6 was built specifically for The Empire Strikes Back in 1979 (since demolished)
Leavesden Studios UK I
Pinewood Studios UK R1, VII
Shepperton Studios UK III, IV Yavin Stage H was used for the final awards ceremony at the end of Episode IV
Fox Studios, Sydney Australia II, III
See also[edit]
Star Wars portal
Film portal
Behind-the-scenes documentaries:
The Making of Star Wars
SP FX: The Empire Strikes Back
Classic Creatures: Return of the Jedi
From Star Wars to Jedi: The Making of a Saga
Empire of Dreams
Star Wars: The Legacy Revealed
References[edit]
Notes
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Daniel Jacobs and Peter Morris (2001). "Jedi Stomping Ground". Tunisia (6th ed.). London: Rough Guides. p. 319. ISBN 9781858287485. Retrieved 22 March 2012.
Jump up ^ Hanson, Matt (2005). "Star Wars: The Phantom Menace". The science behind the fiction : building sci-fi moviescapes. Burlington, Mass.: Focal Press. p. 75. ISBN 9780240807720.
Jump up ^ "The Park on TV". Cassiobury Park website. Retrieved 15 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "Star Wars trek: Whippendell Woods - November 2001". Star Wars Locations. Retrieved 15 March 2012.
Jump up ^ Symington, Andy (2004). "Sevilla". Andalucia (4. ed.). Bath: Footprint Handbooks. p. 76. ISBN 9781903471876.
Jump up ^ "Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones film locations". The Worldwide Guide to Film Locations. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
Jump up ^ Carvin, Andy (25 January 2006). "The real Star Wars?". ASAP. Associated Press. Retrieved 22 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "Phuket: the ultimate movie location". The Phuket Observer. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
Jump up ^ Simon Foster, Candice Lee (2012). "12. Guilin". Frommer's China. John Wiley & Sons. p. 598. ISBN 9781118223529.
Jump up ^ Star Wars: Episode III Revenge of the Sith DVD documentary Within a Minute, [2005].
Jump up ^ "Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith press text booklet" (PDF). Lucasfilm Ltd. 31 March 2005. Retrieved 2012-03-28.
Jump up ^ Stephens, Thomas. "Giving Swiss film locations some direction". SwissInfo.ch. Retrieved 1 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Hearn 2005, p. 116
Jump up ^ "The Dunes". Star Wars locations. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Hearn 2005, p. 109
Jump up ^ "Star Wars trek: Tikal, Guatemala". Star Wars Locations. April 2004. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "Cardington Sheds to make a Star Wars comeback". Bedfordshire on Sunday. 23 July 2015. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
Jump up ^ Lewis, Rebecca (20 December 2016). "11 things you may not have known about Rogue One: A Star Wars Story". Metro. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Star Wars trek: Death Valley - April 2001". Star Wars Locations. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "Sidi Jemour". Star Wars Locations. Retrieved 1 April 2012.
Jump up ^ Kenworthy, Colin. "Colin's Canyon Quiz". Star Wars Locations. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
Jump up ^ Lundgren, Anthony Ham, Miles Roddis, Kari (2008). Norway. (4th ed.). Footscray, Vic.: Lonely Planet. p. 190. ISBN 9781741045796.
Jump up ^ Hearn 2005, p. 140.
Jump up ^ Duke, Brad (2005). "18. Life Among the Aliens". Harrison Ford : the films. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. p. 103. ISBN 9780786420162.
Jump up ^ David West Reynolds and Scott Chernoff (March 2000). "Star Wars Insider" (48). |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "Return of the Jedi Official Collectors Edition". Paradise Press. 1983. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Ali, Lorraine (3 December 2015). "The harsh reality of building a 'Star Wars' fantasy in Abu Dhabi". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 18 April 2017. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Hashim, Shakeel. "See the real life filming locations of Star Wars: The Force Awakens". News Corp Australia. News.Com.Au. Archived from the original on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Abbit, Beth (14 December 2015). "Watch: Fascinating video pinpointing exactly where Star Wars scenes were filmed in the Lake District". Manchester Evening News. Archived from the original on 9 October 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Star Wars: Puzzlewood 'magical' location for filming". BBC News. 17 December 2015. Archived from the original on 20 December 2015. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Close up photos of the Star Wars: Episode VII Greenham Common set | Making Star Wars". makingstarwars.net. Archived from the original on 1 May 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Carey, Meredith. "6 Star Wars 'Rogue One' Filming Locations You Can Visit Right Now". Conde Nast Traveller. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "RFC bags ‘Outstanding Film Commission’ Award". Jordan Times. 10 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "When Star Wars went to the Maldives - and brought its idyllic beaches back to Britain". RadioTimes. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
Sources
Howard, Marcus Hearn ; foreword by Ron (2005). The Cinema of George Lucas. New York: Abrams. ISBN 0810949687.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Film locations of Star Wars.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Star Wars tourism.
Star Wars Locations - fan site devoted to Star Wars filming locations
Star Wars filming locations category on Wookieepedia
Filming locations on the Internet Movie Database:
Episode I: The Phantom Menace
Episode II: Attack of the Clones
Episode III: Revenge of the Sith
Episode IV: A New Hope
Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back
Episode VI: Return of the Jedi
Episode VII: The Force Awakens
George Lucas's filming locations on Movie-Locations.com
[hide]
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text:
Restaurant management
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Restaurant Management is the profession of managing a restaurant. Associate, bachelor, and graduate degree programs are offered in restaurant management by community colleges, junior colleges, and some universities in the United States.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Responsibilities
1.1 Administration
1.2 Front-of-the-House Management
1.3 Back-of-the-House Management
2 References
3 Further reading
Responsibilities[edit]
Administration[edit]
The Owner (or proprietor) is the person responsible for the business in general.
The General Manager or Operations Manager (may also be called the Managing Partner if he owns a stake in the business) is the person who operates the restaurant for the owner.
The Assistant Manager or Administrative Assistant manages the office and business aspect of the restaurant, is responsible for Human Resources (including payroll), financial and taxation documentation, and all record management.
Front-of-the-House Management[edit]
The Maître d'hôtel (or Manager) is entirely responsible for all front-of-the-house operations, manages staff who give services to customers and allocate the duties of opening and closing the restaurant. He or she is responsible for making sure his or her staff is following the service standards and health and safety regulations. He or she is the most important person in the front-of-the-house environment, since it is up to him or her to motivate the staff and give them job satisfaction. He or she looks after and guides the personal well-being of the staff, since it makes the work force stronger and more profitable, and works with other executive management officers such as the Executive Chef and the Owner.
The Beverage Manager (or Bar Manager, Bartender) is responsible for all the beverage, beverage service and bar operations of the restaurant. He or she reports directly to the Maître d'hôtel (Manager). Beverage managers order bar inventory, maintain and track inventory, issue bar stock, and schedule bar service personnel. Often a bar manager will have prior experience as a bartender. Often, a beverage manager will have extensive knowledge of beverages that include wine, beer, and spirits.
Back-of-the-House Management[edit]
The Executive Chef usually operates in corporate restaurant companies. He or she is entirely responsible for all back-of-the-house operations, and works with other executive management officers such as the Maitre d'Hôtel and the Owner .
The Chef de Cuisine (or Executive Sous Chef) manages the kitchen staff working in the kitchen and creates the menus in absence of the Executive Chef.
The kitchen is often referred to as the heart of the restaurant . They create the menu and "specials" as well as order the products needed for the menu recipes. Managing the kitchen staff helps to control food timing, quality, and cost. Kitchen management involves, most importantly, cost control and budgeting.
The Sous Chef (or Kitchen Manager) oversees the daily kitchen operations. He or she acts also as the Chef de Cuisine when he or she is not in the restaurant.
The Head Cook is the Head Preparation Chef who supervises food preparation (prep).
The Head Station Chef (or Head/Lead Line Chef/Cook) supervises the cooking or "work" of your menu order and the "push" to ensure your entire table will receive their order at the same time.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ United States Department of Labor (2004). Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2004-2005: Bulletin 2570. Claitor's Law Books and Publishing. p. 54. ISBN 1-57980-925-1.
Further reading[edit]
Restaurant Labor Management
Restaurant marketing strategies
Dahl, Joseph Oliver (1944). Restaurant Management, Principles and Practice (4th ed.). New York; London: Harper & brothers. OCLC 1741738.
Ninemeier, Jack D.; Hayes, David K. (2006). Restaurant Operations Management: Principles and Practices. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-110090-4.
Foxwell, Amy (2011). How to Market a Restaurant, Your Complete Guide to Easy, Affordable and Effective Restaurant Marketing. US; ISBN 1480289094.
Foxwell, Amy (2011). Restaurant Marketing System. US.
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Cross elasticity of demand
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In economics, the cross elasticity of demand or cross-price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of the quantity demanded for a good to a change in the price of another good, ceteris paribus. It is measured as the percentage change in quantity demanded for the first good that occurs in response to a percentage change in price of the second good. For example, if, in response to a 10% increase in the price of fuel, the demand for new cars that are fuel inefficient decreased by 20%, the cross elasticity of demand would be: − 20 % 10 % = − 2 {\displaystyle {\frac {-20\%}{10\%}}=-2} . A negative cross elasticity denotes two products that are complements, while a positive cross elasticity denotes two substitute products. Assume products A and B are complements, meaning that an increase in the price for A accompanies a decrease in the quantity demanded for B. Therefore, if the price of product B decreases, the demand curve for product A shifts to the right reflecting an increase in A's demand, resulting in a negative value for the cross elasticity of demand. The exact opposite reasoning holds for substitutes.
Contents
[hide]
1 Results for main types of goods
1.1 Selected cross price elasticities of demand
2 See also
3 Notes
4 References
5 External links
Results for main types of goods[edit]
In the example above, the two goods, fuel and cars (consists of fuel consumption), are complements; that is, one is used with the other. In these cases the cross elasticity of demand will be negative, as shown by the decrease in demand for cars when the price for fuel will rise. In the case of perfect substitutes, the cross elasticity of demand is equal to positive infinity (at the point when both goods can be consumed). Where the two goods are independent, or, as described in consumer theory, if a good is independent in demand then the demand of that good is independent of the quantity consumed of all other goods available to the consumer, the cross elasticity of demand will be zero i.e. if the price of one good changes, there will be no change in demand for the other good.
Two goods that complement each other show a negative cross elasticity of demand: as the price of good Y rises, the demand for good X falls
Two goods that are substitutes have a positive cross elasticity of demand: as the price of good Y rises, the demand for good X rises
Two goods that are independent have a zero cross elasticity of demand: as the price of good Y rises, the demand for good X stays constant
When goods are substitutable, the diversion ratio, which quantifies how much of the displaced demand for product j switches to product i, is measured by the ratio of the cross-elasticity to the own-elasticity multiplied by the ratio of product i's demand to product j's demand. In the discrete case, the diversion ratio is naturally interpreted as the fraction of product j demand which treats product i as a second choice,[1] measuring how much of the demand diverting from product j because of a price increase is diverted to product i can be written as the product of the ratio of the cross-elasticity to the own-elasticity and the ratio of the demand for product i to the demand for product j. In some cases, it has a natural interpretation as the proportion of people buying product j who would consider product i their "second choice".
Approximate estimates of the cross price elasticities of preference-independent bundles of goods (e.g. food and education, healthcare and clothing, etc.) can be calculated from the income elasticities of demand and market shares of individual bundles, using established models of demand based on a differential approach.[2]
Selected cross price elasticities of demand[edit]
Below are some examples of the cross-price elasticity of demand (XED) for various goods:[3]
Good
Good with Price Change
XED
Butter Margarine +0.81
Beef Pork +0.28
Entertainment Food -0.72
See also[edit]
Economics
Supply and demand
Elasticity (economics)
Price elasticity of demand
Price elasticity of supply
Income elasticity of demand
Arc elasticity
Yield elasticity of bond value
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Bordley, R., "Relating Cross-Elasticities to First Choice/Second Choice Data", Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, (1985).
Jump up ^ Sabatelli L (2016) Relationship between the Uncompensated Price Elasticity and the Income Elasticity of Demand under Conditions of Additive Preferences. PLoS ONE11(3): e0151390. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151390
Jump up ^ Frank (2008) p.186.
References[edit]
Frank, Robert (2008). Microeconomics and Behavior (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-126349-8.
External links[edit]
Database for Commodity Elasticity at Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute, University of Iowa
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