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1921 Tampa Bay hurricane
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Tampa Bay hurricane of 1921
Category 4 major hurricane (SSHWS/NWS)
The hurricane on October 24, several hours after peak intensity
Formed
October 20, 1921
Dissipated
October 30, 1921
Highest winds
1-minute sustained: 140 mph (220 km/h)
Lowest pressure
≤ 941 mbar (hPa); 27.79 inHg
Fatalities
8 total
Damage
$10 million (1921 USD)
Areas affected
Western Caribbean, Cuba, Florida Keys, Florida Peninsula
Part of the 1921 Atlantic hurricane season
The Tampa Bay hurricane of 1921 (also known as the 1921 Tarpon Springs hurricane) was a major hurricane that struck the Tampa Bay Area. The eleventh tropical cyclone, sixth tropical storm, and fifth hurricane of the season, the storm developed from a trough in the southwestern Caribbean Sea on October 20. Initially a tropical storm, the system moved northwestward and intensified into a hurricane on October 22 and a major hurricane by October 23. Later that day, the cyclone peaked as a Category 4 on the modern day Saffir–Simpson scale with maximum sustained winds of 140 mph (220 km/h). After entering the Gulf of Mexico, the hurricane gradually curved northeastward and weakened to a Category 3 before making landfall near Tarpon Springs, Florida, late on October 25, becoming the first major hurricane to hit the area since a hurricane in 1848. The storm quickly weakened to a Category 1 hurricane while crossing Central Florida, before reaching the Atlantic Ocean early on the following day. Thereafter, system moved east-southeastward and remained fairly steady in intensity before weakening to a tropical storm late on October 29. The storm was then absorbed by a larger extratropical cyclone early the next day, with the remnants of the hurricane soon becoming indistinguishable.
The storm brought strong winds to the Swan Islands, including hurricane-force winds on the main island. Heavy rains fell in Cuba, particularly in Pinar del Río Province, but only minor damage occurred. In Florida, storm surge and abnormally high tides caused damage along much of the state's west coast from Pasco County southward. Several neighborhoods and sections of Tampa were inundated, especially in Ballast Point, DeSoto Park, Edgewater Park, Hyde Park, Palmetto Beach, and other areas in the vicinity of Bayshore Boulevard. Strong winds also damaged hundreds of trees, signs, buildings, and homes. Four deaths occurred in Tampa, three from drownings and another after a man touched a live wire. The storm left two additional fatalities in St. Petersburg. A number of streets in Tarpon Springs were littered with masses of debris, with many structures and trees suffering extensive damage. Strong winds occurred as far east as the Atlantic coast of the state, though wind damage east of the Tampa Bay area was generally limited to downed trees and power lines, resulting in power outages, particularly in Orlando. Agriculture throughout the state experienced significant impact as well, including over $2 million (equivalent to $170 million in 2016) in damage and the loss of at least 800,000 boxes of citrus crops alone.[nb 1] Overall, the hurricane left at least eight deaths and about $10 million (equivalent to $840 million in 2016) in damage.
Contents
[hide]
1 Meteorological history
2 Preparations
3 Impact
4 Aftermath
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
Meteorological history[edit]
Map plotting the track and intensity of the storm, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
In mid-October, a significant drop in atmospheric pressures over the western Caribbean Sea coincided with the development of a trough on October 17. Observations suggested that a circulation formed on October 20,[1] with the Atlantic hurricane database listing a tropical storm beginning at 00:00 UTC, with the system was situated about 95 mi (155 km) southeast of the Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina.[2] The cyclone initially moved slowly northwestward due to a high pressure system over Bermuda.[3] Early on October 22, the storm intensified into a Category 1 hurricane, based on sustained winds of 81 mph (130 km/h) on Great Swan Island.[1] The hurricane strengthened significantly over the northwestern Caribbean, becoming a Category 2 hurricane at 00:00 UTC on October 23 and a Category 3 hurricane six hours later. Around 18:00 UTC, the cyclone reached Category 4 intensity and peaked with maximum sustained winds of 140 mph (220 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 941 mbar (27.8 inHg).[2] The latter was observed by the schooner Virginia,[1] while the former was estimated using the southern wind-pressure relationship.[1]
Early on October 24, the hurricane moved northward across the Yucatán Channel and entered the Gulf of Mexico.[2] Thereafter, the system gradually curved to the northeast as the high pressure weakened and the storm became under the influence of a southwesterly air current.[1] At 12:00 UTC on October 25, the cyclone weakened to a Category 3 hurricane. About 10 hours later, the hurricane made landfall near Tarpon Springs, Florida, 115 mph (185 km/h). The storm further weakened to a Category 1 hurricane over Central Florida early on October 26, about six hours before emerging into the Atlantic Ocean near New Smyrna Beach. Reaching the Atlantic with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h), the hurricane briefly re-strengthened to reach winds of 90 mph (150 km/h) early on October 27.[2] It then moved east-southeastward after the high pressure weakened further.[1] Late on October 29, the system accelerated northeastward and weakened to a tropical storm,[2] before being absorbed by a large extratropical cyclone about 430 mi (690 km) southeast of Bermuda at 00:00 UTC on October 30.[1] About six hours later, the remnants of the hurricane became indistinguishable.[2]
Preparations[edit]
Forecasters at the United States Weather Bureau issued advisories for ships and oceangoing vessels, while posting hurricane warnings for areas in western Florida stretching from Key West to Apalachicola on October 24 and October 25. Additionally, storm warnings were issued eastward from mouth of the Mississippi River and along the east coast of Florida.[4]
Impact[edit]
Remains of Dr. Cyrus Teed's mausoleum on Estero Island
In Cuba, heavy rainfall in Pinar del Río Province caused rivers and creeks to rise. However, only minimal damage was reported.[4]
The hurricane passed to the west of the Florida Keys as a Category 4 hurricane. Its large wind field caused tropical storm force winds to the islands, with the highest wind report being 48 mph (71 km/h) in Key West. Rainfall from the hurricane's outer bands was intermittent, and storm tides of 5 ft (1.5 m) were reported.[3] Further north, Captiva and Sanibel islands were completely inundated with water. In Punta Rassa, the majority of homes were either extensively damaged or washed away. Most highways leading out of Fort Myers were impassible due to high water. Damage to railroad tracks resulted in a suspension of service for three days. On Estero Island, a number of buildings were damaged, including the casinos, cottages, and Crescent Beach resort.[5] The storm also destroyed the mausoleum of Dr. Cyrus Teed, the founder of Koreshanity.[6] Damage in Lee County reached about $1.5 million.[5] Along the Myakka River near Boca Grande, the railroad bridge washed away, while the storm also destroyed two vehicular bridges over the Charlotte Harbor Bay.[7] The streets of Punta Gorda were inundated, where a tide of 7 ft (2.1 m) above normal was recorded.[1] One death occurred in the city due to drowning.[8] At Egmont Key, above normal tides forced 75 people to seek shelter in the lighthouse. The entire island was inundated by water.[9]
Flooding at the St. Petersburg Yacht Club
The hurricane brought a storm surge of 10–12 ft (3–3.5 m) to Tampa Bay.[10] The highest rainfall total in Tampa was at 8.53 in (23.5 mm).[3] However, the observer noted that winds probably blew water out of the gauge.[11] The barometric pressure fell to 968 mbar (28.6 inHg), breaking a previous record set in 1910. The hurricane also brought sustained winds of 75 mph (119 km/h) and a storm tide of 10.5 ft (3 m).[3] Damage from the wind was generally minor, while most of the impact wrought by the storm was due to abnormally high tides in Tampa and elsewhere in the area.[11] Much of the city was flooded,[10] with the worst along Bayshore Boulevard, where some of the most expensive properties were located.[11] At Hyde Park, dwellings were inundated about halfway up the first story, prompting several people to be rescued by boat. Electrical poles and wires were washed away near the intersection of Bayshore Boulevard and Howard Avenue. The latter was also left impassible by car.[12] In the Palmetto Beach neighborhood, much of the section was inundated. A group of about 40 volunteers rescued a number of women and children.[13] A total of 50 homes were destroyed by cedar logs used to construct cigar boxes at the Tampa Box Company on 22nd Street.[11]
At Ballast Point, the pavilion and bathhouse were destroyed by the storm.[14] Nearby, the Tampa Yacht and Country Club suffered severe damage.[10] Many cars along the waterfront were severely damaged and nearly all flat railroad cars were submerged. The Malloy Line dock was also left under several feet of water. A number of waterfront warehouses were also damaged by floodwaters. After the Tampa Electrical Company power house experienced water damage, the electricity was shutoff. Additionally, the company's cable station was flooded under several feet of water. Winds downed hundreds of trees and sign across roadways and tore-up awnings. At least 50 awnings were ripped from a bank building on Franklin Street alone. Falling trees also damaged the post office and the YMCA. Almost 500 dwellings in the neighborhood of Ybor City were demolished.[12] Five people were killed in the city, three from people coming into contact with a live wire and the other two from drowning. Only minor damage occurred in Plant City.[15] Throughout Hillsborough County, many county roads were impassible due to downed telegraph poles and other debris, especially between Tampa and Plant City.[12]
A road washed out in Pinellas County
Tides 5–6 ft (1.5–2 m) above normal and storm surge in St. Petersburg damaged or destroyed all four fishing piers. Many ships and boats of all sizes capsized or were beached, including the trawler Hypnotist, which ejected the crew of seven into the water, all of whom were rescued. The St. Petersburg Beach Hotel was destroyed, after employees swam through the lobby for safety.[16] At the office of the St. Petersburg Times, then located at Fifth Street and First Avenue South, the loss of electricity resulted in staff working overnight with lanterns. With no power to operate the typesetting machine, the employees connected their linotype machine to a two-cylinder motorcycle to publish the "Motorcycle Extra". Two deaths occurred in St. Petersburg, one from a heart attack during preparations for the storm and the other from a man being crushed by a falling roof.[15]
Initially, there were rumors and unconfirmed reports that Pass-a-Grille (today a neighborhood of St. Pete Beach) was wiped out and that up to 150 deaths occurred.[17] Though the town was hit particularly hard, there were no fatalities and damage was less severe than indicated, reaching about $50,000.[18] Storm surge was partially diverted to Boca Ciega Bay,[19] but Pass-a-Grille generally suffered severe impact due to 5 to 7 ft (1.5 to 2.1 m) of water covering some areas.[20] The hotel was extensively damaged, while its dancing pavilion was destroyed.[19] A number of cottages were badly damaged.[20] The storm destroyed a casino in Gulfport.[10] The casino in Indian Rocks Beach collapsed after the sand foundation was washed away.[21] In Largo, nearly all of the buildings at the Pinellas County Fairgrounds were rendered unusable.[21]
Damage to the pavilion in Safety Harbor
In Clearwater, a number of buildings were severely damaged,[22] including the ice and power plants, a theater, and a hotel.[23] Many residences were also damaged.[22] Electric and telephone wires were downed, leaving the city without power or telephone service.[24] Boats were tossed about in the bay.[23] The city of Oldsmar was devastated by storm surge, with portions of the town being inundated by 6 ft (1.8 m) of water. Many homes were practically demolished. Although no loss of human life occurred, many cattle drowned.[25] In Tarpon Springs, streets were littered with masses of debris. Sections of the city along the Anclote River were flooded.[26] Primarily, impact consisted of structures being unroofed, windows shattering, and tree being uprooted. Throughout the city, electrical and telephone lines were downed, but telephone was partially maintained and electricity was restored quickly. Two hotels suffered extensive damage due to flooding. Although the high school was also severely damaged, classrooms remained usable. The cupola was torn away and the roof was partially damaged, including over the auditorium. The Odd Fellows Hall was thrown off its foundation and virtually destroyed. In the business district, most of the buildings leaked, resulting in damage to merchandise. Crop damage in Pinellas County was extensive,[7] totaling about $1 million,[27] which included a loss of 50%-70% of fruit lost and considerable damage to citrus trees.[7]
Damage to a church under construction in New Port Richey
The hurricane also brought extensive impact to portions of Pasco County. In New Port Richey, a few churches suffered severe damage or were destroyed. Nearly all walls collapsed and many windows were shattered at the school house. Only one shop remained standing at a plaza with several industrial stores. The vast majority of homes in the city received some degree of damage. Local crops experienced extensive impact, with a local farm losing about 800 boxes worth of fruit. Similar effects occurred in Port Richey. All stores received water damage, while two homes were destroyed and several others were inflicted with varying degrees of impact.[28] In Dade City, Mt. Zion Baptist Church was demolished, which was never rebuilt. Only the church cemetery remains.[29] Another church, which opened early in the year, was nearly demolished by falling trees. A turpentine plant was damaged, including the loss of about one-third of the lumber stored in the building. The Sunnybrook Tobacco Company suffered significant impact, with nine large barns destroyed and about 110 acres (45 ha) of trees toppled. A number of other companies sustained damage, including the Dade City Packing Company and the Dade City Ice, Light and Power Company. Damage to the business reached $100,000. Several homes were damaged. Electrical, telegraph, and telephone wires were downed throughout the city. During the storm, electricity was maintained in the downtown section, while residential areas were left without power for two days. In San Antonio and Trilby, a number of buildings were moved off their foundations. The old city hall in Zephyrhills was moved about 4 ft (1.2 m). At a hotel, the building lost a portion of its roof and several windows were broken.[30] In addition, the hurricane virtually destroyed much of Passage Key, part of which was later rebuilt.[31]
In Polk County, the storm left light property damage in Lakeland, reaching under $5,000,[7] which included the school building being deroofed. Damage to crops was mostly limited to grapefruit and oranges, with losses estimated to have been less than 10%.[7] In the rural communities outside Lakeland, several small building suffered damage. This was considered the worst tropical cyclone in the area since 1897.[32] Lake County experienced sustained winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) and 12 to 15 in (300 to 380 mm) of rain in some areas. Much of the impact was confined to large trees being uprooted and ornamental vines suffering damage. A number of trees fell on electrical wires, causing power outages and disruptions to telephone service. Additionally, it is possible that a tornado touched down, based on some pine trees being "splintered from top to bottom and curled up like molasses candy."[33] Damage to citrus crops was light, with losses conservatively estimated at less than 5%.[7] Strong winds in Orange County left the entire city of Orlando without electricity, disrupting commerce.[34] Citrus crops suffered no more than 5% in losses in the county.[7] In St. Augustine, wind downed wires, some of which caused small fires in the business district.[34] A steamship capsized between Jacksonville and Miami and there were reports of damage to several other small boats offshore. Agricultural damage from the hurricane was high, reaching over $2 million, with more than $1 million incurred to crops and the remainder to fertilizer and other materials. Citrus crops were especially hard hit, with 800,000 to 1,000,000 boxes of fruit lost. Salt water, caused by coastal flooding, prevented cultivation of soil in some areas, though rainfall eventually washed away the salt.[3] In all, the hurricane left at least eight people dead and about $10 million in damage.[8][35]
Aftermath[edit]
After receiving reports of mass casualties and destruction at Pass-a-Grille, the American Red Cross stocked a United States Navy subchaser with pine caskets and relief supplies, but found no bodies and only a fraction of the reported damage.[15] Because of fears that the hurricane might hinder the Florida land boom of the 1920s, rebuilding and cleanup of the area commenced quickly and the land boom in the Tampa Bay region and in southern Florida continued.[29] Local officials, businessmen, realtors, and later the press soon attempted to cover up or downplay the damage, which threatened to distort Tampa's advertised image as the "Year Round City". On October 28, a writer for The Tampa Tribune stated, "Everyone is accepting the storm as an incident and all are going to work to rebuild the devastated areas, with the firm conviction that there will not be another storm of such severity during the life of anyone now living."[36] One of the destroyed buildings at the Ballist Point Pavilion was soon rebuilt after the storm. However, the building was destroyed again by fire in 1922. In 1925, a new pavilion was built.[14] On Captiva Island, the Wayside Chapel suffered extensive damage, but was repaired and reopened as Captiva School and Chapel-by-the-Sea, which has been listed as a National Historic Place since 2013. Many farmers on the island sold their land for a significantly reduced price to Clarence B. Chadwick, who would transform more than 330 acres (130 ha) of property into the South Seas Island Resort.[37]
The hurricane was the first major hurricane to strike the Tampa Bay region since a hurricane in 1848 and the most recent to date. Additionally, since this storm, only a hurricane in 1946 has made landfall in the area.[35] In the past few decades especially, local officials have been concerned about a major hurricane impacting the area due to population increases, older building codes, storm surge projections, and complacency among some residents. The combined population of Citrus, Hernando, Hillsborough, Pasco, and Pinellas counties has increased from about 135,000 people in 1921 to approximately 2.7 million by 2011.[38] In Pasco County, more than half of the homes were constructed prior to the enactment of stronger building codes in the aftermath of Hurricane Andrew.[39] A Sea, Lake, and Overland Surge from Hurricanes (SLOSH) computer model from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) indicates that portions of Downtown Tampa would be flooded with over 20 ft (6.1 m) of water in the event of a Category 4 hurricane, while St. Petersburg would be surrounded by water.[35] CoreLogic, an international property information firm, estimated in 2016 that nearly 455,000 homes were at risk of being damaged by storm surge, with costs of property damage and repairs reaching approximately $80.6 billion (2016 USD). Another property firm, Karen Clark & Co., estimated in 2015 that storm surge could inflict as much as $175 billion (2015 USD) in damage in a worst-case scenario.[40]
See also[edit]
Tropical cyclones portal
List of Florida hurricanes (1900–49)
Hurricane Charley
Hurricane Wilma
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ All damage figures are in 1921 United States dollars, unless otherwise noted
References[edit]
General
Jay Barnes (2007). Florida's Hurricane History. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-3068-0. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
Donald H. Thompson and Carol Thompson (August 14, 2012). Egmont Key: A History. Arcadia Publishing. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
Specific
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Christopher W. Landsea; et al. (May 2015). Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT. Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f National Hurricane Center; Hurricane Research Division (April 11, 2017). "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Edward H. Bowie (October 1921). "The Hurricane of October 25, 1921, at Tampa, Fla." (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. Washington, D.C.: United States Weather Bureau. 49 (10): 567, 568, and 570. Bibcode:1921MWRv...49..567B. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1921)49<567:THOOAT>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved July 9, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Tropical Storm Moves Into Gulf of Mexico". Havana, Cuba: The Palm Beach Post. October 25, 1921. p. 1. Retrieved September 1, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Jump up to: a b "Fort Myers Hit Hard". The Vicksburg Herald. Fort Myers, Florida. October 27, 1921. p. 3. Retrieved April 5, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
Jump up ^ "The Koreshans Island". Estero Island Historic Society. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Five Millions Damage by Storm". The Palm Beach Post. Lakeland, Florida. October 28, 1921. p. 6. Retrieved February 23, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Jump up to: a b Barnes p. 108
Jump up ^ Thompson and Thompson p. 80
^ Jump up to: a b c d David Ballingurd (August 24, 2002). "It Could Happen Here". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved July 9, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Barnes p. 104
^ Jump up to: a b c "Tampa is Hard Hit by Storm; Three Die During Heavy Gale". St. Petersburg Times. Tampa, Florida. October 27, 1921. p. 2. Retrieved November 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Florida Hurricane Hit Tampa Hard". The New York Times. Lakeland, Florida. October 26, 1921. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Pavillions". Pavillion Management Company. Archived from the original on March 13, 2016. Retrieved July 9, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Barnes p. 107
Jump up ^ Barnes p. 105
Jump up ^ "Rumor Pass-a-Grille Wiped Out". St. Petersburg Times. October 26, 1921. Retrieved April 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Pass-a-Grille Loss in Gales is $50,000". St. Petersburg Times. October 27, 1921. p. 1. Retrieved April 4, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Pass-a-Grille Historic District (Boundary Increase) (PDF) (Report). National Park Service. 2003. p. 40. Retrieved March 21, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Lizotte Hotel Water Soaked". St. Petersburg Times. October 27, 1921. p. 2. Retrieved March 21, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Jack E. Dadswell (October 27, 1921). "Largo Gives Figures Showing Loss From Hurricane $50,000". St. Petersburg Times. Largo, Florida. p. 1. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Clearwater Swept By Fury of Storm". St. Petersburg Times. Clearwater, Florida. October 27, 1921. p. 1. Retrieved April 4, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Damage to West Coast Cities Mounts Into Millions of Dollars". The Palm Beach Post. Lakeland, Florida. Associated Press. October 27, 1921. p. 1. Retrieved March 20, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
Jump up ^ "Clearwater Swept". St. Petersburg Times. Clearwater, Florida. October 27, 1921. p. 2. Retrieved April 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Oldsmar Hit Hard". Tarpon Springs Leader. October 28, 1921. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sponge City Is Hit Hard". St. Petersburg Times. October 28, 1921. p. 2. Retrieved March 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Business Life Nears Normal; Streets Clear of Storms Mess". St. Petersburg Times. October 27, 1921. Retrieved April 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Storm Loss in New Port Richey Heavy". Dade City Banner. New Port Richey, Florida. October 28, 1921. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "History of the Mount Zion Cemetery and the Fort Dade Methodist Church". Archived from the original on October 20, 2009. Retrieved October 2, 2006.
Jump up ^ "Sunny Brook Tobacco Company Loss $100,000. Fifty Percent Fruit Lost". Dade City Banner. October 28, 1921. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Passage Key and the American Wildlife Conservation Movement (PDF) (Report). United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Retrieved July 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Tampa Under Water". Sierra Vista Herald. Jacksonville, Florida. October 26, 1921. p. 1. Retrieved March 1, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
Jump up ^ "Hits Lake County". Tallahassee Democrat. Tavares, Florida. October 27, 1921. p. 1. Retrieved March 1, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Jump up to: a b "Sea, Piled Up by Gale, Floods Tampa; Damage $1,000,000". New-York Tribune. Jacksonville, Florida. October 26, 1921. p. 1. Retrieved March 1, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c Jeff Masters (July 26, 2016). "Extreme 'Grey Swan' Hurricanes in Tampa Bay: a Potential Future Catastrophe". Weather Underground. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Nicole Cox (2008). "Damage Control and the 1921 Tampa hurricane: Boosters, Businessmen, and Bad Press". University of South Florida. p. 1. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ Timothy B. Jacobs (August 12, 2014). "Before Charley Part II: Hurricanes roared in the Twenties". Santiva Chronicle. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ Emily Nipps (May 16, 2011). "90 years after 1921 hurricane, bay area officials fear direct hit". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Zachary T. Sampson (May 31, 2015). "Ten years since its last hurricane, Florida more vulnerable to catastrophe than ever, experts say". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Susan Taylor Martin and Richard Danielson (June 2, 2016). "Storm surge imperils 455,000 Tampa Bay homes, report says". The Tampa Tribune. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hurricane Six (1921).
Tampa Bay Hurricane of 1921 best track data
Hurricane Effects in Pasco County and Tarpon Springs
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Virtualization
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Look up virtualization in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
In computing, virtualization refers to the act of creating a virtual (rather than actual) version of something, including virtual computer hardware platforms, storage devices, and computer network resources.
Virtualization began in the 1960s, as a method of logically dividing the system resources provided by mainframe computers between different applications. Since then, the meaning of the term has broadened.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Hardware virtualization
1.1 Snapshots
1.2 Migration
1.3 Failover
1.4 Video game console emulation
1.5 Licensing
2 Desktop virtualization
3 Other types
4 Nested virtualization
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Hardware virtualization[edit]
Main article: Hardware virtualization
See also: Mobile virtualization
Hardware virtualization or platform virtualization refers to the creation of a virtual machine that acts like a real computer with an operating system. Software executed on these virtual machines is separated from the underlying hardware resources. For example, a computer that is running Microsoft Windows may host a virtual machine that looks like a computer with the Ubuntu Linux operating system; Ubuntu-based software can be run on the virtual machine.[2][3]
In hardware virtualization, the host machine is the actual machine on which the virtualization takes place, and the guest machine is the virtual machine. The words host and guest are used to distinguish the software that runs on the physical machine from the software that runs on the virtual machine. The software or firmware that creates a virtual machine on the host hardware is called a hypervisor or Virtual Machine Manager.
Different types of hardware virtualization include:
Full virtualization – almost complete simulation of the actual hardware to allow software, which typically consists of a guest operating system, to run unmodified.
Paravirtualization – a hardware environment is not simulated; however, the guest programs are executed in their own isolated domains, as if they are running on a separate system. Guest programs need to be specifically modified to run in this environment.
Hardware-assisted virtualization is a way of improving overall efficiency of virtualization. It involves CPUs that provide support for virtualization in hardware, and other hardware components that help improve the performance of a guest environment.
Hardware virtualization can be viewed as part of an overall trend in enterprise IT that includes autonomic computing, a scenario in which the IT environment will be able to manage itself based on perceived activity, and utility computing, in which computer processing power is seen as a utility that clients can pay for only as needed. The usual goal of virtualization is to centralize administrative tasks while improving scalability and overall hardware-resource utilization. With virtualization, several operating systems can be run in parallel on a single central processing unit (CPU). This parallelism tends to reduce overhead costs and differs from multitasking, which involves running several programs on the same OS. Using virtualization, an enterprise can better manage updates and rapid changes to the operating system and applications without disrupting the user. "Ultimately, virtualization dramatically improves the efficiency and availability of resources and applications in an organization. Instead of relying on the old model of “one server, one application” that leads to underutilized resources, virtual resources are dynamically applied to meet business needs without any excess fat" (ConsonusTech).
Hardware virtualization is not the same as hardware emulation. In hardware emulation, a piece of hardware imitates another, while in hardware virtualization, a hypervisor (a piece of software) imitates a particular piece of computer hardware or the entire computer. Furthermore, a hypervisor is not the same as an emulator; both are computer programs that imitate hardware, but their domain of use in language differs.
Snapshots[edit]
Main article: Snapshot (computer storage)
A snapshot is a state of a virtual machine, and generally its storage devices, at an exact point in time. A snapshot enables the virtual machine's state at the time of the snapshot to be restored later, effectively undoing any changes that occurred afterwards. This capability is useful as a backup technique, for example, prior to performing a risky operation.
Virtual machines frequently use virtual disks for their storage; in a very simple example, a 10-gigabyte hard disk drive is simulated with a 10-gigabyte flat file. Any requests by the VM for a location on its physical disk are transparently translated into an operation on the corresponding file. Once such a translation layer is present, however, it is possible to intercept the operations and send them to different files, depending on various criteria. Every time a snapshot is taken, a new file is created, and used as an overlay for its predecessors. New data is written to the topmost overlay; reading existing data, however, needs the overlay hierarchy to be scanned, resulting in accessing the most recent version. Thus, the entire stack of snapshots is virtually a single coherent disk; in that sense, creating snapshots works similarly to the incremental backup technique.
Other components of a virtual machine can also be included in a snapshot, such as the contents of its random-access memory (RAM), BIOS settings, or its configuration settings. "Save state" feature in video game console emulators is an example of such snapshots.
Restoring a snapshot consists of discarding or disregarding all overlay layers that are added after that snapshot, and directing all new changes to a new overlay.
Migration[edit]
Main article: Migration (virtualization)
The snapshots described above can be moved to another host machine with its own hypervisor; when the VM is temporarily stopped, snapshotted, moved, and then resumed on the new host, this is known as migration. If the older snapshots are kept in sync regularly, this operation can be quite fast, and allow the VM to provide uninterrupted service while its prior physical host is, for example, taken down for physical maintenance.
Failover[edit]
Main article: Failover
Similar to the migration mechanism described above, failover allows the VM to continue operations if the host fails. However, in this case, the VM continues operation from the last-known coherent state, rather than the current state, based on whatever materials the backup server was last provided with.
Video game console emulation[edit]
Main article: Video game console emulator
A video game console emulator is a program that allows a personal computer or video game console to emulate a different video game console's behavior. Video game console emulators and hypervisors both perform hardware virtualization; words like "virtualization", "virtual machine", "host" and "guest" are not used in conjunction with console emulators.
Licensing[edit]
Virtual machines running proprietary operating systems require licensing, regardless of the host machine's operating system. For example, installing Microsoft Windows into a VM guest requires its licensing requirements to be satisfied.
Desktop virtualization[edit]
Main article: Desktop virtualization
Desktop virtualization is the concept of separating the logical desktop from the physical machine.
One form of desktop virtualization, virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI), can be thought of as a more advanced form of hardware virtualization. Rather than interacting with a host computer directly via a keyboard, mouse, and monitor, the user interacts with the host computer using another desktop computer or a mobile device by means of a network connection, such as a LAN, Wireless LAN or even the Internet. In addition, the host computer in this scenario becomes a server computer capable of hosting multiple virtual machines at the same time for multiple users.[4]
As organizations continue to virtualize and converge their data center environment, client architectures also continue to evolve in order to take advantage of the predictability, continuity, and quality of service delivered by their converged infrastructure. For example, companies like HP and IBM provide a hybrid VDI model with a range of virtualization software and delivery models to improve upon the limitations of distributed client computing.[5] Selected client environments move workloads from PCs and other devices to data center servers, creating well-managed virtual clients, with applications and client operating environments hosted on servers and storage in the data center. For users, this means they can access their desktop from any location, without being tied to a single client device. Since the resources are centralized, users moving between work locations can still access the same client environment with their applications and data.[5] For IT administrators, this means a more centralized, efficient client environment that is easier to maintain and able to more quickly respond to the changing needs of the user and business.[6][7]
Another form, session virtualization, allows multiple users to connect and log into a shared but powerful computer over the network and use it simultaneously. Each is given a desktop and a personal folder in which they store their files.[4] With multiseat configuration, session virtualization can be accomplished using a single PC with multiple monitors, keyboards, and mice connected.
Thin clients, which are seen in desktop virtualization, are simple and/or cheap computers that are primarily designed to connect to the network. They may lack significant hard disk storage space, RAM or even processing power, but many organizations are beginning to look at the cost benefits of eliminating “thick client” desktops that are packed with software (and require software licensing fees) and making more strategic investments.[8] Desktop virtualization simplifies software versioning and patch management, where the new image is simply updated on the server, and the desktop gets the updated version when it reboots. It also enables centralized control over what applications the user is allowed to have access to on the workstation.
Moving virtualized desktops into the cloud creates hosted virtual desktops (HVDs), in which the desktop images are centrally managed and maintained by a specialist hosting firm. Benefits include scalability and the reduction of capital expenditure, which is replaced by a monthly operational cost.[9]
Other types[edit]
Software
Operating-system-level virtualization: hosting multiple virtualized environments within a single OS instance
Application virtualization and workspace virtualization: isolating individual apps from the underlying OS and other apps; closely associated with the concept of portable applications
Service virtualization: emulating the behavior of specific components in heterogeneous component-based applications such as API-driven applications, cloud-based applications and service-oriented architectures
Memory
Memory virtualization: aggregating random-access memory (RAM) resources from networked systems into a single memory pool
Virtual memory: giving an app the impression that it has contiguous working memory, isolating it from the underlying physical memory implementation
Storage
Storage virtualization: the process of completely abstracting logical storage from physical storage
Distributed file system: any file system that allows access to files from multiple hosts sharing via a computer network
Virtual file system: an abstraction layer on top of a more concrete file system, allowing client applications to access different types of concrete file systems in a uniform way
Storage hypervisor: the software that manages storage virtualization and combines physical storage resources into one or more flexible pools of logical storage[10]
Virtual disk: a computer program that emulates a disk drive such as a hard disk drive or optical disk drive (see comparison of disc image software)
Data
Data virtualization: the presentation of data as an abstract layer, independent of underlying database systems, structures and storage
Database virtualization: the decoupling of the database layer, which lies between the storage and application layers within the application stack over all
Network
Network virtualization: creation of a virtualized network addressing space within or across network subnets
Virtual private network (VPN): a network protocol that replaces the actual wire or other physical media in a network with an abstract layer, allowing a network to be created over the Internet
Nested virtualization[edit]
Nested virtualization refers to the ability of running a virtual machine within another, having this general concept extendable to an arbitrary depth. In other words, nested virtualization refers to running one or more hypervisors inside another hypervisor. Nature of a nested guest virtual machine does not need not be homogeneous with its host virtual machine; for example, application virtualization can be deployed within a virtual machine created by using hardware virtualization.[11]
Nested virtualization becomes more necessary as widespread operating systems gain built-in hypervisor functionality, which in a virtualized environment can be used only if the surrounding hypervisor supports nested virtualization; for example, Windows 7 is capable of running Windows XP applications inside a built-in virtual machine. Furthermore, moving already existing virtualized environments into a cloud, following the Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) approach, is much more complicated if the destination IaaS platform does not support nested virtualization.[12][13]
The way nested virtualization can be implemented on a particular computer architecture depends on supported hardware-assisted virtualization capabilities. If a particular architecture does not provide hardware support required for nested virtualization, various software techniques are employed to enable it.[12] Over time, more architectures gain required hardware support; for example, since the Haswell microarchitecture (announced in 2013), Intel started to include VMCS shadowing as a technology that accelerates nested virtualization.[14]
See also[edit]
Computing portal
Computer networking portal
Timeline of virtualization development
Network Functions Virtualization
Emulation (computing)
Computer simulation
Numeronym (explains that "V12N" is an abbreviation for "virtualization")
Consolidation ratio
I/O virtualization
Application checkpointing
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Graziano, Charles. "A performance analysis of Xen and KVM hypervisors for hosting the Xen Worlds Project". Retrieved 2013-01-29.
Jump up ^ Turban, E; King, D; Lee, J; Viehland, D (2008). "Chapter 19: Building E-Commerce Applications and Infrastructure". Electronic Commerce A Managerial Perspective. Prentice-Hall. p. 27.
Jump up ^ "Virtualization in education" (PDF). IBM. October 2007. Retrieved 6 July 2010. A virtual computer is a logical representation of a computer in software. By decoupling the physical hardware from the operating system, virtualization provides more operational flexibility and increases the utilization rate of the underlying physical hardware.
^ Jump up to: a b "Strategies for Embracing Consumerization" (PDF). Microsoft Corporation. April 2011. p. 9. Retrieved 22 July 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Chernicoff, David, “HP VDI Moves to Center Stage,” ZDNet, August 19, 2011.
Jump up ^ Baburajan, Rajani, "The Rising Cloud Storage Market Opportunity Strengthens Vendors," infoTECH, August 24, 2011. It.tmcnet.com. 2011-08-24.
Jump up ^ Oestreich, Ken, "Converged Infrastructure," CTO Forum, November 15, 2010. Thectoforum.com.
Jump up ^ "Desktop Virtualization Tries to Find Its Place in the Enterprise". Dell.com. Retrieved 2012-06-19.
Jump up ^ "HVD: the cloud's silver lining" (PDF). Intrinsic Technology. Retrieved 30 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "Enterprise Systems Group White paper, Page 5" (PDF). Enterprise Strategy Group White Paper written and published on August 20, 2011 by Mark Peters.
Jump up ^ Orit Wasserman, Red Hat (2013). "Nested virtualization: Shadow turtles" (PDF). KVM forum. Retrieved 2014-04-07.
^ Jump up to: a b Muli Ben-Yehuda; Michael D. Day; Zvi Dubitzky; Michael Factor; Nadav Har’El; Abel Gordon; Anthony Liguori; Orit Wasserman; Ben-Ami Yassour (2010-09-23). "The Turtles Project: Design and Implementation of Nested Virtualization" (PDF). usenix.org. Retrieved 2014-12-16.
Jump up ^ Alex Fishman; Mike Rapoport; Evgeny Budilovsky; Izik Eidus (2013-06-25). "HVX: Virtualizing the Cloud" (PDF). rackcdn.com. Retrieved 2014-12-16.
Jump up ^ "4th-Gen Intel Core vPro Processors with Intel VMCS Shadowing" (PDF). Intel. 2013. Retrieved 2014-12-16.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Virtualization.
An Introduction to Virtualization, January 2004, by Amit Singh
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Global distribution system
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A global distribution system is a computerised network system owned or operated by a company that enables transactions between travel industry service providers, mainly airlines, hotels, car rental companies, and travel agencies. The GDS mainly uses real-time inventory (for e.g. number of hotel rooms available, number of flight seats available, or number of cars available) to service providers. Travel Agencies traditionally relied on GDS for services, products & rates in order to provision travel-related services to the end consumers.Thus, a (GDS) can link services, rates and bookings consolidating products and services across all three travel sectors: i.e., airline reservations, hotel reservations, car rentals.
GDS is different from a computer reservations system, which is a reservation system used by the service providers (also known as vendors). Primary customers of GDS are travel agents (both online and office-based) to make reservation on various reservation systems run by the vendors. GDS holds no inventory; the inventory is held on the vendor's reservation system itself. A GDS system will have real-time link to the vendor's database. For example, when a travel agency requests a reservation on the service of a particular airline company, the GDS system routes the request to the appropriate airline's computer reservations system.
Contents
[hide]
1 Example of a booking facilitation done by an airline GDS
2 Systems and vendors
2.1 List
3 Future of GDS systems and companies
4 References
Example of a booking facilitation done by an airline GDS[edit]
A mirror image of the passenger name record (PNR) in the airline reservations system is maintained in the GDS system. If a passenger books an itinerary containing air segments of multiple airlines through a travel agency, the passenger name record in the GDS system would hold information on their entire itinerary, each airline they fly on would only have a portion of the itinerary that is relevant to them. This would contain flight segments on their own services and inbound and onward connecting flights (known as info segments) of other airlines in the itinerary. e.g. if a passenger books a journey from Amsterdam to London on KLM, London to New York on British Airways, New York to Frankfurt on Lufthansa through a travel agent and if the travel agent is connected to Amadeus GDS. The PNR in the Amadeus GDS would contain the full itinerary, the PNR in KLM would show the Amsterdam to London segment along with British Airways flight as an onward info segment. Likewise the PNR in the Lufthansa system would show the New York to Frankfurt segment with the British Airways flight as an arrival information segment. The PNR in British Airways system would show all three segments. One as a live segment and the other two as arrival and onward info segments.
Some GDS systems (primarily Amadeus CRS and SABRE) also have a dual use capability for hosting multiple computer reservations system, in such situations functionally the computer reservations system and the GDS partition of the system behave as if they were separate systems.[1][2][3]
Systems and vendors[edit]
List[edit]
See List of global distribution systems.
Future of GDS systems and companies[edit]
GDS in the travel industry originated from a traditional legacy business model that existed to inter-operate between airline vendors and travel agents. During the early days of computerized reservations systems flight ticket reservations were not possible without a GDS. As time progressed, many airline vendors (including budget and mainstream operators) have now adopted a strategy of 'direct selling' to their wholesale and retail customers (passengers). They invested heavily in their own reservations and direct-distribution channels and partner systems. This helps to minimize direct dependency on GDS systems to meet sales and revenue targets and allows for a more dynamic response to market needs. These technology advancements in this space facilitate an easier way to cross-sell to partner airlines and via travel agents, eliminating the dependency on a dedicated global GDS federating between systems. Also, multiple price comparison websites eliminate the need of dedicated GDS for point-in-time prices and inventory for both travel agents and end-customers. Hence some experts argue that these changes in business models may lead to complete phasing out of GDS in the Airline space by the year 2020.[4]
Lufthansa Group announced in June 2015 that it was imposing an additional charge of €16 when booking through an external Global Distribution System rather than their own systems. They stated their choice was based upon that the costs of using external systems was several times higher than their own. Several other airlines including Air France–KLM and Emirates also stated that they are following the development.[5][6]
However, hotels and car rental industry continue to benefit from GDS, especially last-minute inventory disposal using GDS to bring additional operational revenue. GDS here is useful to facilitate global reach using existing network and low marginal costs when compared to online air travel bookings. Some GDS companies are also in the process of investing and establishing significant offshore capability in a move to reduce costs and improve their profit margins to serve their customer directly accommodating changing business models.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ What is global distribution system (GDS)? definition and meaning. Businessdictionary.com. Retrieved on 2013-08-20.
Jump up ^ Vendor frequently asked questions Archived 2013-05-29 at the Wayback Machine.. Expedia.com. Retrieved on 2013-08-20.
Jump up ^ AXSES Travel marketing about global distribution, GDS history and GDS marketing. Axses.com. Retrieved on 2013-08-20.
Jump up ^ http://www.businesstravelnews.com/Business-Travel-Research/Vision-2020--Old-Dogs,-New-Tricks-And-The-Future-Of-GDSs
Jump up ^ Jainchill, Johanna. "Lufthansa to add surcharge for GDS bookings". Travel Weekly. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Buying ticket from airline website cheaper than travel agency". emirates 24/7. Reuters. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
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Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway
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Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway
Author
Jeff Kinney
Country
United States
Language
English
Series
Diary of a Wimpy Kid
Genre
Children's novel
Graphic Novel
Publisher
Amulet Books (US)
Puffin Books (UK)
Publication date
November 7, 2017 (Worldwide)
Media type
Print (hardcover)
Pages
217 story pages (224 altogether)
ISBN
978-1-4197-2545-6
Preceded by
Double Down
Followed by
The Meltdown
Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway is the twelfth book in the Diary of a Wimpy Kid series by Jeff Kinney. The book was unveiled during the 2017 Diary of a Wimpy Kid Virtually Live Event which was live streamed via YouTube as part of the 10th anniversary of the first book.[1] The book was published and released on November 7, 2017.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Release date
3 Reception
4 References
Plot[edit]
After many frustrations when Greg Heffley's family try to prepare for Christmas, Greg's parents decide to skip Christmas and travel by plane to Isla De Corales after seeing an ad for it, the resort they stayed at while on their honeymoon, much to Greg's dismay. Greg Heffley did not want to go on this trip and skip Christmas.[3]
On Christmas Eve they drive to the airport but are delayed by a series of mishaps. They encounter holiday traffic but arrive at the airport. As they fail to unload in time at the drop off zone, Frank and Greg have to return later with the luggage. Greg steps in a slush puddle and they end up missing the shuttle. They are forced to walk to their terminal.
In the airport, the family's suitcases are too heavy, so they stuff some clothes into their carry-on baggage. They enter the line for security, but a child unclips a few zip-barriers separating the lines, and everybody gets scrambled. Greg's family ends up at the back of the line. They go through security and are delayed again by somebody who has to remove all of his metal piercings. Manny then gets his stuffed animal stuck in an escalator, delaying them more. As a result, the family panic, and grab their luggage. They use a vehicle for handicapped people to get to their gate in time. It turns out their flight is delayed. Greg goes to dry his sock but destroys it while doing so. He hears that the flight is overbooked, but Susan Heffely (Greg's mom) stops him from volunteering to get off the plane in exchange of an airport hotel stay and $300 (later increased to $500). A replacement crew for the plane is required and they wait one last time, and then finally board.
Greg is first impressed by the plane's first class seats before he discovers that they has to sit in economy. However, Frank Heffley (Greg's dad) collected enough air miles because of all his business trips to sit in first class. In the economy, Mom, Rodrick, and Manny are seated in the right row. Greg finds out he has two extra seats to himself until a couple with a baby arrives late on board. The couple sits on either side of him with their baby. Greg becomes paranoid when he watches the plane's safety video and begins to ask questions about unfortunate events. Greg is very aggravated of the other passengers because most aren't watching the safety video. Mid-flight, he feels boxed in when the people in front recline and the person behind slides his feet on Greg's armrest. Greg tries to recline his chair too but when he asks the flight attendant how he learns that he can't because the row behind him is an emergency exit. He tries to swap seats with Frank but Rodrick beats him to it. He stays in the bathroom because the couple's baby started to get annoying, but then he returns to his seat after experiencing turbulence. He somehow was able to sleep for the rest of the flight.
As they land on Christmas Day, Greg begins to understand why the family came there. They touch down and began to head to the resort, Isla de Corales (Coral Island in English). He is even excited by the activities the resort offer which he sees on the bus. However, Frank and Susan are disappointed that the resort has since changed, and it is now split with a family side (the Mild Side) and a couple side (the Wild Side) and the hotel they wanted to stay last time is now in the Wild Side. The family has to stay to a different hotel. The family also discovers that they got one bag accidentally that belongs to another family. They call the airline and discover that their bag was sent back home. They only have the clothes they put in their carry-on luggage. They attempt to buy some new clothes, but Frank won't buy them as they are too expensive.
The family goes to explore the resort and end up at the pool. Greg is about to doze off when The Director of Fun shows up, and gets everybody moving. Greg is forced to take part in two games (a conga line and a "Treasure Dive"). After this, Greg sees an iguana by the pool and is worried, so the family goes to get some lunch. Greg and his family try to eat outside; however, too many birds and bugs keep ruining their meals. Frank gets diarrhea, so they head back to the suite.
The next day, Greg uses the shower which is outside. As he puts on his slipper, a giant spider falls out. Greg has an intense fear of spiders. As a result, he calls room service, but the lady who answers says that there is a do not disturb sign on the doorknob. The lady says he has to order food for someone to come. The waiter who arrives is also scared of spiders. Eventually, they manage to trap the spider and flush it down the toilet. The family heads to the beach without Frank as he is still at the suite. He returns, however, and reveals that he found the same spider that Greg attempted to flush away on the toilet seat. Manny develops an obsession with collecting sea creatures in his bucket so he can have them as pets. Unfortunately, he is upset by Susan when she returns them, so they go to the activities.
Before this, they have to find Rodrick, who has been in the teen zone helping a girl get her lip ring out of the volleyball net. They first try the banana boat, but this is ruined when a kid using a water trampoline lands on it and bursts their float. They get hungry, so they go to the golf clubhouse which turns them down as they are not following the dress code. They go to the swim-up bar and learn of a monkey which has been returning there for drinks every day. They are chased away when Manny finds the TV remote, changes the channel to his favorite cartoons and throws the remote in the water. Greg goes to the arcade, and the family regroups later to find Rodrick. The same girl he helped earlier is now his girlfriend. In the evening, they go to the beach bonfire and go to see turtles hatching. Just as they are prepared to leave, they begin to hatch, but the turtles lose their way to the sea as people are using the flashes on their phones to take photos.
The next day, Susan goes to the spa and Frank goes to the gym. Rodrick then goes back to the teen zone. Greg takes Manny to the Toddler's Cabana, but Manny gets out of going there because he is not potty trained. He puts Manny in the pool but has to get him out again later. Susan booked a charter cruise for the whole family due in thirty minutes. On the cruise (which turns out to be a regular glass-bottomed boat), the captain offers them to go scuba diving. Greg is freaked out by all of the deadly animals, including the venomous box jellyfish, and only stays in for one photo. As he surfaces, he swallows a big gulp of water. He thinks a seahorse was in there too: so they return to the resort to see a doctor. Frank and Susan were both seasick, so they just return to the poolside.
They see the Director of Fun, who keeps circling their chair, but suddenly stops at a cleae plastic bag in Manny's bucket. It is actually a box jellyfish which Manny smuggled from the scuba diving, in which the Director of Fun launches it back into the pool in fear. Because the pool workers couldn't find the jellyfish, they have to drain the pool. They escape in the commotion, and notice Rodrick isn't there. He had been left in the sea where they went snorkeling and had sun poisoning. They return to the suite and decide to spend their last few days outdoors.
The next day, Greg goes to the tennis court in hopes of learning how to play tennis. Unfortunately, the counselor, Rodrigo, locks them in, and Greg realizes that it was a way to get kids out of their parents hair and just a cage full of children with a ball machine and tennis balls. It turns into a free-for-all, which stops suddenly when one of the kids recognizes Greg as the kid who brought the box jellyfish during the episode. He tries to tell them that it was Manny's fault, but they don't understand and attack him. He quickly escapes the cage and goes back to the suite with his family. They were out of things to do and want to leave the resort early; however, Frank refuses to leave until he gets a decent meal. Manny discovers that the suitcase they got on mistake fell and broke and also has the clothes they need to get in the clubhouse. They each wear some of the clothes in there; the first head to the clubhouse, and then the putting green for golf. However, they are spotted by a security guard. They try to escape on a golf cart, but get caught The guard escorts them out of the green. A family had reported them for wearing their missing clothes.
They are ultimately sent back to the hotel to return the clothes to the correct family. They were also ejected from the hotel for theft, so they were forced to stay overnight at the airport hotel. The next day, Frank and Susan decide to get back to the resort so that they can leave on a high note. So they sneak in. They skip the pool and then run into Rodrick's girlfriend with a man named Rodrigo (the counselor). They take a photo. They go back to the beach and steal some food by distracting others and then eating their food. They go to take one more photo but are spotted by the family who they took clothes from.
The Heffleys try to escape the resort. Greg heads to the beach and windsurfs away. He gets stuck in the dolphin swimming area but manages to swim to shore. He ends up on the Wild Side (couple) of the beach and lands on a private beach. Greg runs for the wall dividing the two sides; just where his family was passing. Greg tries to climb over the wall separating the two sides, but it is destroyed by a stampede of Mild Side tourists. The family escapes unnoticed and heads to the airport.
When they get back, Greg wants to show Rowley where he went to for his Christmas holidays. He discovers that he and his family has been banned from the resort for the rest of their lives and are wanted for the chaos they caused. On Isla de Corrales' website, there is a picture of Greg's family on the banana boat with words in Spanish and X's on each member of their family: "¡Atención! Póngase en Contacto con Isla de Corrales si conoce la identidad de las personas en la foto de Arriba." translating in English to "Attention! Contact Coral Island if you know the identities of the people in the picture above."
Release date[edit]
The Getaway is the 12th book in the series, and was released everywhere except Canada and China on November 7, 2017.[citation needed]
Reception[edit]
A week since its release, it has received 4.5/5 stars on Waterstones with 786 reviews.[4]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Wimpy Kid (27 April 2017). "Wimpy Kid LIVE Special 10th Anniversary Presentation and Cover Reveal of Book 12!". YouTube. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Cover Of New Diary Of A Wimpy Kid Book Revealed By Jeff Kinney To Fans Worldwide At Live streamed Carnegie Hall Event Hosted By ABRAMS". Tristateupdate.com. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway. Abrams. pp. 6–7. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway by Jeff Kinney – Waterstones". Waterstones.com. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
[hide]
v
t
e
The Diary of a Wimpy Kid series by Jeff Kinney
Novels
Diary of a Wimpy Kid
Rodrick Rules
The Last Straw
Dog Days
The Ugly Truth
Cabin Fever
The Third Wheel
Hard Luck
The Long Haul
Old School
Double Down
The Getaway
The Meltdown
Characters
Greg Heffley
Film series
Diary of a Wimpy Kid
Rodrick Rules
Dog Days
The Long Haul
Category
[[Category:Diary of a Wimpy Kid (series)|The Getaway]]
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This page was last edited on 20 May 2018, at 04:57.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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