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Intermolecular force
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Intermolecular forces (IMF) are the forces which mediate interaction between molecules, including forces of attraction or repulsion which act between molecules and other types of neighboring particles, e.g., atoms or ions. Intermolecular forces are weak relative to intramolecular forces – the forces which hold a molecule together. For example, the covalent bond, involving sharing electron pairs between atoms, is much stronger than the forces present between neighboring molecules. Both sets of forces are essential parts of force fields frequently used in molecular mechanics.
The investigation of intermolecular forces starts from macroscopic observations which indicate the existence and action of forces at a molecular level. These observations include non-ideal-gas thermodynamic behavior reflected by virial coefficients, vapor pressure, viscosity, superficial tension, and absorption data.
The first reference to the nature of microscopic forces is found in Alexis Clairaut's work Theorie de la Figure de la Terre.[1] Other scientists who have contributed to the investigation of microscopic forces include: Laplace, Gauss, Maxwell and Boltzmann.
Attractive intermolecular forces are categorized into the following types:
Ion-induced dipole forces
Ion-dipole forces
Hydrogen bonding
van der Waals forces – Keesom force, Debye force, and London dispersion force
Information on intermolecular forces is obtained by macroscopic measurements of properties like viscosity, pressure, volume, temperature (PVT) data. The link to microscopic aspects is given by virial coefficients and Lennard-Jones potentials.
Contents
[hide]
1 Dipole–dipole and similar interactions
1.1 Regular dipole
1.2 Ion–dipole and ion-induced dipole forces
1.3 Hydrogen bonding
2 Van der Waals forces
2.1 Keesom (permanent–permanent dipoles) interaction
2.2 Debye (permanent–induced dipoles) force
2.3 London dispersion force (fluctuating dipole-induced dipole interaction)
3 Relative strength of forces
4 Effect on the behavior of gases
5 Quantum mechanical theories
6 See also
7 References
Dipole–dipole and similar interactions [edit]
Regular dipole[edit]
Dipole–dipole interactions are electrostatic interactions between molecules which have permanent dipole(s).These interactions tend to align the molecules to increase attraction (reducing potential energy). An example of a dipole–dipole interaction can be seen in hydrogen chloride (HCl): the positive end of a polar molecule will attract the negative end of the other molecule and influence its position. Polar molecules have a net attraction between them. Examples of polar molecules include hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chloroform (CHCl3).
H δ + − Cl δ − ⋯ H δ + − Cl δ − {\displaystyle {\overset {\color {Red}\delta +}{{\ce {H}}}}-{\overset {\color {Red}\delta -}{{\ce {Cl}}}}\cdots {\overset {\color {Red}\delta +}{{\ce {H}}}}-{\overset {\color {Red}\delta -}{{\ce {Cl}}}}}
Often molecules contain dipolar groups, but have no overall dipole moment. This occurs if there is symmetry within the molecule that causes the dipoles to cancel each other out. This occurs in molecules such as tetrachloromethane and carbon dioxide. The dipole-dipole interaction between two individual atoms is usually zero, since atoms rarely carry a permanent dipole.These forces are discussed further in the section about the Keesom interaction, below.
Ion–dipole and ion-induced dipole forces[edit]
Ion-dipole and ion-induced dipole forces are similar to dipole-dipole and dipole-induced dipole interactions but involve ions, instead of only polar and non-polar molecules. Ion-dipole and ion-induced dipole forces are stronger than dipole-dipole interactions because the charge of any ion is much greater than the charge of a dipole moment. Ion-dipole bonding is stronger than hydrogen bonding.[2]
An ion–dipole force consists of an ion and a polar molecule interacting. They align so that the positive and negative groups are next to one another, allowing maximum attraction.
An ion-induced dipole force consists of an ion and a non-polar molecule interacting. Like a dipole-induced dipole force, the charge of the ion causes distortion of the electron cloud on the non-polar molecule.[3]
Hydrogen bonding[edit]
Main article: Hydrogen bond
A hydrogen bond is the attraction between the lone pair of an electronegative atom and a hydrogen atom that is bonded to either nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine.[4] The hydrogen bond is often described as a strong electrostatic dipole-dipole interaction. However, it also has some features of covalent bonding: it is directional, stronger than a van der Waals force interaction, produces interatomic distances shorter than the sum of van der Waals radius, and usually involves a limited number of interaction partners, which can be interpreted as a kind of valence.
Intermolecular hydrogen bonding is responsible for the high boiling point of water (100 °C) compared to the other group 16 hydrides, which have no hydrogen bonds. Intramolecular hydrogen oxygen bonding is partly responsible for the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of proteins and nucleic acids. It also plays an important role in the structure of polymers, both synthetic and natural.[5]
Van der Waals forces[edit]
Main article: van der Waals force
The van der Waals forces arise from interaction between uncharged atoms or molecules, leading not only to such phenomena as the cohesion of condensed phases and physical adsorption of gases, but also to a universal force of attraction between macroscopic bodies.[6]
Keesom (permanent–permanent dipoles) interaction[edit]
The first contribution to van der Waals forces is due to electrostatic interactions between charges (in molecular ions), dipoles (for polar molecules), quadrupoles (all molecules with symmetry lower than cubic), and permanent multipoles. It is termed Keesom interactions, named after Willem Hendrik Keesom.[7] These forces originate from the attraction between permanent dipoles (dipolar molecules) and are temperature dependent.[6]
They consist of attractive interactions between dipoles that are ensemble averaged over different rotational orientations of the dipoles. It is assumed that the molecules are constantly rotating and never get locked into place. This is a good assumption, but at some point molecules do get locked into place. The energy of a Keesom interaction depends on the inverse sixth power of the distance, unlike the interaction energy of two spatially fixed dipoles, which depends on the inverse third power of the distance. The Keesom interaction can only occur among molecules that possess permanent dipole moments, i.e., two polar molecules. Also Keesom interactions are very weak van der Waals interactions and do not occur in aqueous solutions that contain electrolytes. The angle averaged interaction is given by the following equation:
− m 1 2 m 2 2 24 π 2 ε 0 2 ε r 2 k B T r 6 = V , {\displaystyle {\frac {-m_{1}^{2}m_{2}^{2}}{24\pi ^{2}\varepsilon _{0}^{2}\varepsilon _{r}^{2}k_{\text{B}}Tr^{6}}}=V,}
where m = dipole moment, ε 0 {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{0}} = permitivity of free space, ε r {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{r}} = dielectric constant of surrounding material, T = temperature, k B {\displaystyle k_{\text{B}}} = Boltzmann constant, and r = distance between molecules.
Debye (permanent–induced dipoles) force[edit]
The second contribution is the induction (also termed polarization) or Debye force, arising from interactions between rotating permanent dipoles and from the polarizability of atoms and molecules (induced dipoles). These induced dipoles occur when one molecule with a permanent dipole repels another molecule’s electrons. A molecule with permanent dipole can induce a dipole in a similar neighboring molecule and cause mutual attraction. Debye forces cannot occur between atoms. The forces between induced and permanent dipoles are not as temperature dependent as Keesom interactions because the induced dipole is free to shift and rotate around the non-polar molecule. The Debye induction effects and Keesom orientation effects are termed polar interactions.[6]
The induced dipole forces appear from the induction (also termed polarization), which is the attractive interaction between a permanent multipole on one molecule with an induced (by the former di/multi-pole) multipole on another.[8][9][10] This interaction is called the Debye force, named after Peter J. W. Debye.
One example of an induction interaction between permanent dipole and induced dipole is the interaction between HCl and Ar. In this system, Ar experiences a dipole as its electrons are attracted (to the H side of HCl) or repelled (from the Cl side) by HCl.[8][9] The angle averaged interaction is given by the following equation:
− m 1 2 α 2 16 π 2 ε 0 2 ε r 2 r 6 = V , {\displaystyle {\frac {-m_{1}^{2}\alpha _{2}}{16\pi ^{2}\varepsilon _{0}^{2}\varepsilon _{r}^{2}r^{6}}}=V,}
where α {\displaystyle \alpha } = polarizability.
This kind of interaction can be expected between any polar molecule and non-polar/symmetrical molecule. The induction-interaction force is far weaker than dipole–dipole interaction, but stronger than the London dispersion force.
London dispersion force (fluctuating dipole-induced dipole interaction)[edit]
Main article: London dispersion force
The third and dominant contribution is the dispersion or London force (fluctuating dipole-induced dipole), which arises due to the non-zero instantaneous dipole moments of all atoms and molecules. Such polarization can be induced either by a polar molecule or by the repulsion of negatively charged electron clouds in non-polar molecules. Thus, London interactions are caused by random fluctuations of electron density in an electron cloud. An atom with a large number of electrons will have a greater associated London force than an atom with fewer electrons. The dispersion (London) force is the most important component because all materials are polarizable, whereas Keesom and Debye forces require permanent dipoles. The London interaction is universal and is present in atom-atom interactions as well. For various reasons, London interactions (dispersion) have been considered relevant for interactions between macroscopic bodies in condensed systems. Hamaker developed the theory of van der Waals between macroscopic bodies in 1937 and showed that the additivity of these interactions renders them considerably more long-range.[6]
Relative strength of forces[edit]
Bond type
Dissociation energy
(kcal/mol)[11]
Dissociation energy
(kJ/mol)
Note
Ionic lattice 250–4000[12] 1100-20000
Covalent bond 30–260 130–1100
Hydrogen bond 1–12 4–50 About 5 kcal/mol (21 kJ/mol) in water
Dipole–dipole 0.5–2 2–8
London dispersion forces <1 to 15 <4 to 63 Estimated from the enthalpies of vaporization of hydrocarbons[13]
This comparison is approximate. The actual relative strengths will vary depending on the molecules involved. Ionic bonding and covalent bonding will always be stronger than intermolecular forces in any given substance.
Effect on the behavior of gases[edit]
Intermolecular forces are repulsive at short distances and attractive at long distances (see the Lennard–Jones potential). In a gas, the repulsive force chiefly has the effect of keeping two molecules from occupying the same volume. This gives a real gas a tendency to occupy a larger volume than an ideal gas at the same temperature and pressure. The attractive force draws molecules closer together and gives a real gas a tendency to occupy a smaller volume than an ideal gas. Which interaction is more important depends on temperature and pressure (see compressibility factor).
In a gas, the distances between molecules are generally large, so intermolecular forces have only a small effect. The attractive force is not overcome by the repulsive force, but by the thermal energy of the molecules. Temperature is the measure of thermal energy, so increasing temperature reduces the influence of the attractive force. In contrast, the influence of the repulsive force is essentially unaffected by temperature.
When a gas is compressed to increase its density, the influence of the attractive force increases. If the gas is made sufficiently dense, the attractions can become large enough to overcome the tendency of thermal motion to cause the molecules to disperse. Then the gas can condense to form a solid or liquid, i.e., a condensed phase. Lower temperature favors the formation of a condensed phase. In a condensed phase, there is very nearly a balance between the attractive and repulsive forces.
Quantum mechanical theories[edit]
Main article: Quantum mechanical explanation of intermolecular interactions
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2009)
Intermolecular forces observed between atoms and molecules can be described phenomenologically as occurring between permanent and instantaneous dipoles, as outlined above. Alternatively, one may seek a fundamental, unifying theory that is able to explain the various types of interactions such as hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces and dipole-dipole interactions. Typically, this is done by applying the ideas of quantum mechanics to molecules, and Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory has been especially effective in this regard. When applied to existing quantum chemistry methods, such a quantum mechanical explanation of intermolecular interactions, this provides an array of approximate methods that can be used to analyze intermolecular interactions.[citation needed] One of the most helpful methods to visualize this kind of intermolecular interactions, that we can found in quantum chemistry, is the non-covalent interaction index, which is based on the electron density of the system.
See also[edit]
Coomber's relationship
Force field (chemistry)
Hydrophobic effect
Intramolecular force
Molecular solid
Polymer
Quantum chemistry computer programs
van der Waals force
Comparison of software for molecular mechanics modeling
Non-covalent interactions
Solvation
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Margenau, H. and Kestner, N. (1969) Theory of inter-molecular forces, International Series of Monographs in Natural Philosophy, Pergamon Press, ISBN 1483119289
Jump up ^ Tro, Nivaldo (2011). Chemistry: A Molecular Approach. United States: Pearson Education Inc. p. 466. ISBN 978-0-321-65178-5.
Jump up ^ Blaber, Michael (1996). Intermolecular Forces. mikeblaber.org
Jump up ^ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "hydrogen bond".
Jump up ^ Lindh, Ulf (2013), "Biological functions of the elements", in Selinus, Olle, Essentials of Medical Geology (Revised ed.), Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 129–177, ISBN 978-94-007-4374-8, retrieved 18 January 2018
^ Jump up to: a b c d Leite, F. L.; Bueno, C. C.; Da Róz, A. L.; Ziemath, E. C.; Oliveira, O. N. (2012). "Theoretical Models for Surface Forces and Adhesion and Their Measurement Using Atomic Force Microscopy". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 13 (12): 12773. doi:10.3390/ijms131012773.
Jump up ^ Keesom, W. H. (1915). "The second virial coefficient for rigid spherical molecules whose mutual attraction is equivalent to that of a quadruplet placed at its center" (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. 18: 636–646.
^ Jump up to: a b Blustin, P. H. (1978). "A Floating Gaussian Orbital calculation on argon hydrochloride (Ar·HCl)". Theoretica Chimica Acta. 47 (3): 249. doi:10.1007/BF00577166.
^ Jump up to: a b Roberts, J. K.; Orr, W. J. C. (1938). "Induced dipoles and the heat of adsorption of argon on ionic crystals". Transactions of the Faraday Society. 34: 1346. doi:10.1039/TF9383401346.
Jump up ^ Sapse, A. M.; Rayez-Meaume, M. T.; Rayez, J. C.; Massa, L. J. (1979). "Ion-induced dipole H−n clusters". Nature. 278 (5702): 332. Bibcode:1979Natur.278..332S. doi:10.1038/278332a0.
Jump up ^ Ege, Seyhan (2003) Organic Chemistry: Structure and Reactivity. Houghton Mifflin College. ISBN 0618318097. pp. 30–33, 67.
Jump up ^ "Lattice Energies". Retrieved 2014-01-21.
Jump up ^ Majer, V. and Svoboda, V. (1985) Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. ISBN 0632015292.
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Quinn Fabray
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Quinn Fabray
Glee character
First appearance
"Pilot"
Last appearance
"Dreams Come True"
Created by
Ryan Murphy
Brad Falchuk
Ian Brennan
Portrayed by
Dianna Agron
Information
Full name
Lucy Quinn Fabray [1]
Occupation
College school student
Family
Russell Fabray (father)
Judy Fabray (mother)
Unnamed sister
Significant other(s)
Noah "Puck" Puckerman
Finn Hudson
Sam Evans
Children
Beth
Religion
Christian
Quinn Fabray is a fictional character from the Fox musical comedy-drama series Glee. The character is portrayed by actress Dianna Agron, and has appeared in Glee since its pilot episode, first broadcast on May 19, 2009. She is the cheerleading captain at the fictional William McKinley High School in Lima, Ohio, as well as a member of school's glee club. In the first episode, Quinn is introduced as an antagonistic queen bee stock character. She joins the school glee club to keep an eye on her boyfriend Finn (Cory Monteith) and becomes a spy for cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch); she remains part of the club after she is removed from the cheerleading team, the "Cheerios", due to her pregnancy. Over the course of the first season, her character matures and builds friendships with the other outcasts who make up the glee club. Quinn gives birth to a baby girl, Beth, whom she gives up for adoption.
In the second season, she forms a bond with newcomer Sam Evans (Chord Overstreet), and later romances her first boyfriend Finn, reigniting her animosity with club co-captain Rachel Berry (Lea Michele). In the third season, Quinn intends to get full custody of her daughter, Beth, and her attempts to prove Shelby Corcoran (Idina Menzel)—the adoptive mother of Beth—an unfit mother fail; eventually, she realizes that Shelby is Beth's true mother. Quinn subsequently receives a college acceptance letter from Yale, and while driving to Finn and Rachel's wedding, her car is struck by a truck and she suffers a spinal injury that requires her to use a wheelchair for many weeks. She is eventually able to walk again.
Quinn was developed by Glee creators Ryan Murphy, Brad Falchuk and Ian Brennan. The last character to be cast, initial responses to her were positive, though they soured during season one as the pregnancy storyline continued. Songs performed by Agron as Quinn have been released as singles, available for download, and also feature on the show's soundtrack albums. The role saw Agron nominated for the Teen Choice Award for "Breakout Female Star" in 2009, and a Screen Actors Guild award that same year. She was initially described by Agron as Rachel's enemy, and "terrible, the meanest girl".[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Storylines
1.1 Season 1
1.2 Season 2
1.3 Season 3
1.4 Season 4
1.5 Season 5
1.6 Season 6
2 Development
2.1 Casting and creation
2.2 Characterization
3 Reception
3.1 Critical response
3.2 Musical performances
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Storylines[edit]
Season 1[edit]
Quinn is introduced as the captain of the cheerleading squad at William McKinley High School, the "Cheerios", coached by Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch). She comes from a conservative Christian family,[3] and is president of the celibacy club.[4] When her teenage boyfriend Finn Hudson (Cory Monteith) joins the glee club, New Directions, Quinn worries about his interaction with the group's star, Rachel Berry (Lea Michele), and joins New Directions herself along with her fellow Cheerios Santana (Naya Rivera) and Brittany (Heather Morris). Sue then enlists the three of them to help her destroy the glee club from the inside.[5]
Upon discovering her pregnancy, Quinn convinces Finn that he is the father, despite the fact that they never actually had a sexual encounter. Quinn claims that due to his premature ejaculation problem, and during their time in a hot-tub, Finn had ejaculated in the tub and Quinn had received the sperm. The real father is Finn's best friend Puck (Mark Salling), who offers to support Quinn and the baby, but is rejected for his irresponsibility.[6] Quinn decides to have the baby adopted, and agrees to give it to Terri (Jessalyn Gilsig), the wife of glee club director Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison), who is faking a pregnancy.[7] When news of her pregnancy is revealed to the school, Quinn is cut from the cheerleading squad and her popularity declines.[8] Her parents evict her, and Quinn moves in with Finn and his mother.[9] She begins to reconsider having the baby adopted, and gives Puck a chance to prove himself, but he is not reliable so she returns to her plan of giving the baby to Terri.[10] Quinn blackmails Sue into letting her rejoin the Cheerios, but ultimately decides against it, preferring to remain with the glee club, where she feels accepted.[11] Finn learns the truth about the baby's paternity from Rachel, and breaks up with Quinn. Puck again offers to support her, but she turns him down and tells him that she wants to handle the pregnancy by herself.[12] She moves in with Puck's family,[13] but after forming a friendship with fellow New Directions member Mercedes Jones (Amber Riley), Quinn lives with her family instead.[14] She gives birth to a daughter, named Beth by Puck, who is adopted by Shelby Corcoran (Idina Menzel), coach of rival glee club Vocal Adrenaline and Rachel's biological mother.[15]
Season 2[edit]
At the beginning of the new school year, Quinn is reinstated as head cheerleader.[16] She begins dating new glee club member Sam Evans (Chord Overstreet),[17] and later accepts a promise ring from him.[18] When Sue forces Quinn, Santana and Brittany to choose between cheerleading and the glee club, all three initially go with the Cheerios to retain their popularity, but are later convinced by Finn to defect to New Directions. Quinn cheats on Sam with Finn,[19] and Sam dumps Quinn after she lies to him about her time with Finn. She and Finn reunite, and Quinn starts campaigning for junior prom king and queen elections. Lauren Zizes (Ashley Fink), Puck's new girlfriend and one of Quinn's rivals for prom queen, discovers that before transferring to McKinley High, Quinn was known by her first name, Lucy. She was overweight and unpopular, and after slimming down and having rhinoplasty, reinvented herself as Quinn, using her middle name.[20] At prom, Finn is thrown out for fighting with Rachel's date Jesse St. James (Jonathan Groff). Quinn is not named prom queen, and blames Rachel for her loss. She slaps her, but immediately regrets it and apologizes. Finn later breaks up with Quinn when he realizes he has a deeper connection with Rachel.[21]
Season 3[edit]
At the start of her senior year, Quinn has completely reinvented herself and refuses to rejoin either the Cheerios or New Directions, although when New Directions performs "You Can't Stop The Beat" in the auditorium Quinn can be seen watching them with a conflicted look on her face.[22] Shelby lets Puck see Beth, but rejects Quinn's desire to do likewise due to Quinn's bad-girl attitude, appearance and behavior.[23] After seeing a picture of a happy Beth and Puck, Quinn resumes her normal appearance, and Will and the New Directions welcome her back into the club, but Quinn reveals to Puck she is only pretending to behave in order to take Beth back from Shelby, and intends to pursue full custody.[23] After Puck tells Shelby of Quinn's true intentions, Shelby informs Quinn that she does not want her in Beth's life.[24] Quinn later reveals a desire to have a second baby with Puck.[25] Puck refuses, and tries to comfort her; he offers to share an important secret if she promises not to tell anyone, which ultimately results in Quinn planning to get Shelby fired for sleeping with a student, Puck. Quinn decides not to reveal Shelby's secret for Beth's sake.[25][26]
Quinn advises Rachel to refuse Finn's marriage proposal and leave her past behind.[27] Quinn has done so, and she has been accepted at Yale.[27] Quinn asks to allow her to rejoin the Cheerios, but Sue refuses.[28] However, following Regionals, she changes her mind. Quinn also changes her mind about Finn and Rachel's marriage and supports it.[28] Rachel is reluctant to start the subsequent wedding without Quinn, and texts Quinn.[28] Quinn is responding to Rachel's text when a truck crashes into the driver's side of her car.
Quinn's car accident has left her in a wheelchair, suffering from a severely compressed spine.[28] By "Prom-asaurus" she is able to stand and to walk a few steps in the sessions.[29][30] When Quinn is nominated for prom queen, Finn agrees to campaign with her, but is outraged when he discovers that she has been hiding the fact that she can now stand for the sympathy vote.[30] When Quinn and Santana count the votes, they discover that Finn has won and so has Quinn.[30] Quinn realizes that the victory means nothing.[30] She and Santana falsely report the prom queen results as a write-in victory for Rachel.[30] Her recovery is rapid enough to allow her to dance in the "Nationals" competition episode, which New Directions wins.[31] Quinn helps Puck study for the test he needs to pass in order to graduate. She tells him that with all they went through, they are bonded for life, and she kisses him. Emboldened, Puck passes his test. Later, Quinn returns her cheerleading uniform to Sue, and the two have a tearful farewell.
Season 4[edit]
Quinn returns to Lima for Thanksgiving in the eighth episode of the season, and helps to mentor the new members of New Directions as they prepare for Sectionals competition.[32] Quinn is partnered with Kitty Wilde (Becca Tobin). Kitty convinces Quinn, whom she idolizes, that Jake Puckerman (Jacob Artist), Puck's half brother, is pressuring Marley into having sex with him. Quinn becomes hostile towards Jake, Santana confronts Quinn about having discovered that Kitty has given Marley laxatives in order to further Marley's bulimia. Quinn, who is dating one of her teachers at Yale, accuses Santana of being jealous of her and projecting her hostility in their surrogates, leading to a fight before Quinn storms out of the choir room.[32] Quinn travels to New York to give Rachel helpful advice over whether or not to do a nude scene in a short film in "Naked".[33] Quinn returns to Lima for Will and Emma's wedding in "I Do", and evidently single again, vents her frustrations about men. She and Santana get drunk at the wedding reception and sleep together, which they agree was a fun one-time, and then two time, experimentation for Quinn.[34]
Season 5[edit]
Quinn returns to Lima with a new boyfriend, Biff, for the special 100th episode. Puck is jealous of their relationship, because he still loves her. Quinn is lying to him because she does not want him to know about her past yet. Puck convinces her to tell Biff the truth, which she does. Biff reacts wrongly and insults her, which causes a fight between Puck and Biff. They later break-up. Puck and Quinn talk about Finn and their relationship, and she realizes that she still loves him. They later start a relationship again, which is later confirmed in the next episode.
Season 6[edit]
Quinn along with the New Directions alumni return in the episode "Homecoming" to help Rachel and Kurt rebuild the New Directions. Quinn, Santana, and Brittany attempt to recruit new members by performing in Cheerios Alumni outfits, but only recruit twins Mason and Madison when former Glee new member, Kitty, who was the only member not to be transferred as Sue saw her as a star player, announced she wouldn't return because of the way Artie treated her and everyone else when he left. Puck is still her boyfriend. She appears in "Jagged Little Tapestry" along with Tina to help Becky convince her new boyfriend that she is in every club of the school. Quinn, Tina, Sue, and Coach Roz get a huge surprise when they find out that Becky's boyfriend, Darrell, does not have Down syndrome like Becky does. They all get a big lesson when they confront him and realize that a person with Down syndrome should be treated like everyone else. Despite being Santana and Brittany's best friend, she is notably absent during their wedding in "A Wedding". She is mentioned several times during the Pilot's parallel episode "2009", as Finn's cheerleader girlfriend. She is later seen during Don't Stop Believin' watching the performance with Sue and Santana. She returns in the last minutes of the series finale "Dreams Come True" performing backing vocals for I Lived with the rest of the Glee Cast for the re-dedication of the Auditorium.
Development[edit]
Casting and creation[edit]
Dianna Agron (pictured) plays Quinn.
Quinn is portrayed by actress Dianna Agron. In casting Glee, series creator Ryan Murphy sought out actors who could identify with the rush of starring in theatrical roles. Instead of using traditional network casting calls, he spent three months on Broadway looking for unknown actors.[35] Agron was the last primary actor to be cast, having won the role only days before the pilot began filming.[36] Agron auditioned for Glee coming from a background in dancing and acting. She has been taking dance classes since the age of three, appeared in many music theatre productions and has appeared in television roles for Skidmarks, CSI: NY, and Heroes.[37] Agron said in a 2009 interview pertaining to her casting session: "I nearly bailed on my audition for the show. I was so nervous". With her wholesome good looks, Agron certainly looked the part, but the producers wondered if she appeared too innocent. Agron said in an interview: "They told me to come back with straight hair and to dress sexier. Later that week, I started work."[38] Agron auditioned with Frank Sinatra's "Fly Me to the Moon".[36] The Glee producers said "we really lucked out in finding Agron to play Quinn".[36]
In December 2010, Ryan Murphy announced that the cast of Glee would be replaced at the end of the third season to coincide with their graduation.[39] Murphy said: "Every year we're going to populate a new group. There's nothing more depressing than a high schooler with a bald spot." He also revealed that some of the original cast will leave as early as 2012: "I think you have to be true to the fact that here is a group of people who come and go in these teachers' lives."[39] Although four graduating seniors were confirmed in January 2012 as returning in the fourth season—Rachel, Finn, Kurt and Santana—there had been no announcement regarding Quinn or any other seniors as of the end of February 2012.[40] As of May 2012, Murphy stated that all graduating seniors will come back for season 4 but, not all will be doing "all 22 episodes".
Characterization[edit]
Quinn is described by Agron as Rachel Berry's (Lea Michele) enemy, and "terrible, the meanest girl".[2] Agron said that her favorite part of Quinn is that "she's smart. But she's also human, and through her tough exterior, she's often a little girl lost."[41] Interviewmagazine.com's Lauren Waterman has described her as being "lovable, but occasionally a manipulative deposed queen bee."[38] Agron commented: "Yes, there is a stereotype with these characters and it wouldn't be fair if [those stereotypes] didn't exist a little bit. But [co-creator] Ryan Murphy has a way of taking everything and turning it upside down. That's the great thing about this show and these characters: nobody is one note, which is amazing."[42] Quinn was originally conceived as the antagonistic queen bee head cheerleader, a departure from Agron's actual high school experience. Agron said in an interview with HitFix: "I definitely wasn't cool in high school. I really wasn't. I did belong to many of the clubs and was in leadership on yearbook and did the musical theater route, so I had friends in all areas, but I certainly did not know what to wear, did not know how to do my hair, all those things."[43] She added: "I think that it shows that regardless of who you are and what group you belong to, that there are so many emotions behind each person in high school. Sometimes with teens, writers or directors, anybody, short-changes them and makes them be simple, simple individuals, you're either the jock or the popular kid or the nerd. They don't show those shades. Everybody has those shades to them. This show, it really expands upon vulnerability and excitement and anger all the experiences that you probably actually go through in high school."[43]
Quinn's role as head cheerleader is central to understanding her character. Agron said that she had never had any prior cheer experience before the Pilot. "If I had been [a cheerleader], I would've ended up on crutches," she told Emmy magazine.[41] In an interview with HitFix she said, "I have new respect for the craft, because I slightly hurt myself during the pilot, coming down from one of the stunts. It's better now. I didn't tear something in my knee, but I strained it. Knees are very sensitive, I've learned. It's crazy, because I've been dancing since I was three on my toes and all these things. And you should never say this, but I've never injured myself ever. I'd seen gnarly injuries with dance and all these things. You shouldn't say that, though, because every day is an opportunity to fall, hurt yourself, so that was my experience."[43]
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
Quinn (Agron, pictured) has received positive reviews from critics.
Quinn has received positive reviews from critics. The role saw Agron nominated for the Teen Choice Award for "Female Breakout Star" in 2009.[44] She and the other cast members were awarded the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series in 2010, and nominated in the same category the following year.[45][46]
The character's accidental pregnancy storyline received mixed reviews from critics. Tim Stack for Entertainment Weekly deemed it "a good dramatic twist", but hoped that it would not be a long-lasting storyline.[47] Reviews of her storyline became increasingly negative,[48] though Agron was praised for her dramatic acting during the confrontation scene with Quinn's parents in "Ballad".[49] Gerrick D. Kennedy, writing for the Los Angeles Times, was critical of the ongoing pregnancy plot in the episode "Hairography", and noted that he cringed whenever Quinn appeared on screen.[50] Conversely, Bobby Hankinson of the Houston Chronicle enjoyed Quinn in the episode, and wrote: "I love that she can keep her Mean Girls edge while being heartbreakingly sad or as joyful as she was singing "Papa Don't Preach".[51] Reviewing the episode "Journey to Regionals", Entertainment Weekly's Darren Franich called Quinn's birthing scenes—interspersed with Vocal Adrenaline performing Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody"—both "brilliant" and "terrible". He wrote, "If nothing else, it was definitely the most visually arresting way to represent the birthing process I've ever seen outside of The Miracle of Life. But I kind of liked it. Somewhere, Freddie Mercury is nodding proudly, and saying, 'World, I forgive you for We Will Rock You.'"[52]
Brett Berk, writing for Vanity Fair, was positive about the scripting of the Quinn character in the second season premiere, now that the pregnancy storyline was over, and was happy to see the return of "evil Quinn".[53] Joel Kelly of TV Squad criticized the decision to pair Quinn with Finn again in the Valentine's Day oriented episode. He saw it as a regression of the characters, and commented: "Yes, it feels like Glee Classic, because the series started with the two of them together. But both of them have changed—Quinn more so than Finn—and having them dating again seems like they're going back to the days when Quinn was the icy lead Cheerio and Finn was the nice but dumb star quarterback."[54]
Quinn's season three reinvention attracted mixed reviews. Lesley Goldberg of The Hollywood Reporter listed her change as a highlight of the episode, and hoped to see more of her new attitude.[55] The Atlantic's Kevin Fallon called it "the most interesting thing Quinn has done since giving birth to a baby to the soundtrack of 'Bohemian Rhapsody'",[56] but VanDerWerff suggested the development hinged on the fact the producers no longer knew how to utilize Agron.[57]
She was ranked No. 13 in AfterEllen.com's Top 50 Favorite Female TV Characters.[58]
Musical performances[edit]
Several songs performed by Agron as Quinn have been released as singles, available for digital download, also featured on the show's soundtrack albums.[59][60] Agron made her musical debut at the end of the episode "Showmance" where she performed Dionne Warwick's "I Say a Little Prayer".[59] Quinn's next solo was in the episode "Throwdown", where she performed The Supremes' "You Keep Me Hangin' On".[59] The song was released on Glee: The Music, Volume 1. Flandez deemed the cover of "Keep Holding On", the ensemble performance on the episode, an "emotionally satisfying showstopper", however was critical of Quinn's cover of "You Keep Me Hangin' On", which he called "thin and jarring".[61] Aly Semigran of MTV observed that Quinn spontaneously bursting into song brought Glee "dangerously close to High School Musical territory".[62] Agron later performed a solo in the episode "Hairography" singing Madonna's "Papa Don't Preach" after her father learns she is pregnant. This performance by Agron was released as a single.[59] She performed a rendition of James Brown's "It's a Man's Man's Man's World" in the episode "Funk".[60] CNN's Lisa Respers France was "slightly disturbed" by Quinn's "weird" performance of "It's a Man's Man's Man's World" using pregnant teenagers as backing dancers.[63]
Quinn (right) was romantically linked with Sam Evans (left) early in the second season; they sang two duets together.
In season two, Quinn performs "Lucky" with Sam Evans in the episode "Duets", which was named by some critics as "the most impressive number of the evening"; others called it "absolutely fantastic" with particular praise for Agron, who was said to be often overlooked. "Lucky" debuted at number twenty-seven on the Billboard Hot 100;[64] it was at number seventeen on the Billboard Canadian Hot 100.[65] Quinn's duet performance with Rachel Berry (Lea Michele) of the mash-up "I Feel Pretty / Unpretty" was the highest charted single featured in the episode "Born This Way", debuting at number twenty-two on the Billboard Hot 100.[64] It also peaked at number thirteen on the Digital 100 charts and sold 112,000 digital downloads in the United States in its first week of release.[66][67] It was the highest charting Glee single on the Billboard charts since "Loser Like Me", which debuted at number six on the Billboard Hot 100 and sold over 210,000 downloads in its first week.[68]
In season three, Quinn sings her first solo number since the first season, "Never Can Say Goodbye" by The Jackson 5, which received mostly positive reviews. Jen Chaney of The Washington Post gave the song a "B−", and said it "worked much better than every track that preceded it" because it adapted the song to the show "instead of trying to out-Jackson Jackson".[69] Entertainment Weekly's Joseph Brannigan Lynch called it "a nice summation of her character's journey, but not vocally impressive enough to justify listening to outside of the episode" and gave it a "B".[70] Crystal Bell of HuffPost TV described it as a "blah performance", but Kate Stanhope of TV Guide said it was "sweet and reflective".[71][72] Erica Futterman of Rolling Stone wrote that it was "a tune well-suited for Quinn's sultry voice and the flipped meaning she gives the lyrics", and TVLine's Michael Slezak had a similar take: he gave it an "A" and called it a "remarkably lovely fit" for her voice.[73][74]
See also[edit]
List of Glee characters
Dianna Agron filmography
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Respers France, Lisa (June 2, 2010). "'Glee' tears the roof off the mutha – The Marquee Blog – CNN.com Blogs". CNN. Retrieved June 2, 2010.
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"Lucky": "Hot 100: Week of October 30, 2010 (Biggest Jump)". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
"I Feel Pretty / Unpretty": "Hot 100: Week of May 14, 2011 (Biggest Jump)". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of October 30, 2010 (Biggest Jump)". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
Jump up ^ Lipshultz, Jason (May 5, 2011). "Katy Perry Holds Off Britney Spears Atop Hot 100". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Digital Songs". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. May 7, 2011. Retrieved May 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ Trust, Gary (March 23, 2011). "Lady Gaga, 'Glee' Songs Dominate Hot 100". Billboard. New York City, New York: Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved April 19, 2011.
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Jump up ^ Lynch, Joseph Brannigan (February 1, 2012). "'Glee' recap: An 'Off the Wall' Tribute to MJ". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Retrieved February 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bell, Crystal (January 31, 2012). "'Glee' Recap: Tribute To Michael Jackson". HuffPost TV. Huffington Post. Retrieved February 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ Stanhope, Kate (January 31, 2012). "Glee's Promising Road to Graduation Begins". TV Guide. Retrieved February 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ Futterman, Erica (February 1, 2012). "'Glee' Recap: A Tribute Worthy of a King". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media LLC. Retrieved February 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ Slezak, Michael (January 31, 2012). "Glee Recap: A Thriller of a Night!". TVLine. Mail.com Media. Retrieved February 6, 2012.
External links[edit]
Glee portal
Quinn Fabray at Fox.com
Quinn Fabray on IMDb
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Glee
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Season: 1
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Characters
Artie Abrams
Blaine Anderson
Coach Beiste
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Dani
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Rory Flanagan
Elliott Gilbert
Holly Holliday
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"Don't Stop Believin'"
Don't Stop Believing (TV series)
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Glee Live! In Concert!
The Glee Project
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"How Do You Solve a Problem Like Roberta?" (The Cleveland Show)
"Regional Holiday Music" (Community)
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This Ain't Glee XXX
"Viewing Party" (The Office)
Glee albums discography
Glee songs discography
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quinn_Fabray&oldid=799865475"
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