text:
Bat Masterson (TV series)
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Bat Masterson
Gene Barry as Bat Masterson, 1958
Genre
Western
Starring
Gene Barry
Narrated by
Bill Baldwin, Bob LeMond
Theme music composer
Havens Wray (David D. Rose)
Ending theme
Bill Lee (Singer)
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
3
No. of episodes
107
Production
Producer(s)
Frank Pittman
Andy White
Frederick W. Ziv
Running time
30 minutes
Production company(s)
Ziv Television Programs
United Artists Television
Distributor
MGM Television
Peter Rodgers Organization
Release
Original network
NBC
Picture format
Black-and-white
Audio format
Monaural
Original release
October 8, 1958 (1958-10-08) – June 1, 1961 (1961-06-01)
Gene Barry as Bat Masterson (1960)
Gene Barry as Bat Masterson (1958)
Bat Masterson is an American Western television series which showed a fictionalized account of the life of real-life marshal/gambler/dandy Bat Masterson. The title character was played by Gene Barry and the half-hour black-and-white shows ran on NBC from 1958 to 1961. The series was produced by Ziv Television Productions, the company responsible for hit first-run syndicated series such as Sea Hunt and Highway Patrol.
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
2 Cast
2.1 Main cast
2.2 Guest cast
3 Production
3.1 Development
4 Episodes
4.1 Season 1 (37 episodes)
4.2 Season 2 (37 episodes)
4.3 Season 3 (34 episodes)
5 Spin-offs and remakes
5.1 Guns of Paradise (1990)
5.2 The Gambler Returns: The Luck of the Draw (1991)
6 Home Media
7 In other media
7.1 Comics
8 References
9 External links
Overview[edit]
The show took a tongue-in-cheek outlook, with Barry's Masterson often dressed in expensive Eastern clothing and preferring to use his cane rather than a gun to get himself out of trouble, hence the nickname "Bat". Masterson was also portrayed as a ladies' man who traveled the West looking for women and adventure.
The black derby, fancy vest, black jacket, and elegant cane were his trademarks. Miniaturized versions were marketed to children as tie-in products during the run of the show.[1]
Cast[edit]
Main cast[edit]
Gene Barry as Bat Masterson (108 episodes)
Allison Hayes as Ellie Winters (7 episodes)
Allen Jaffe as Belligerent Drunk (7 episodes)
Ken Drake as Burdette (6 episodes)
Troy Melton as Government Agent (6 episodes)
Guest cast[edit]
Bat Masterson guest stars included the character actor Robert F. Simon, who appeared as Harrison Whitney in the episode "Death by Decree", and Richard Eastham, who appeared in the 1961 episode "A Lesson in Violence". Stephanie Powers appeared in 1961 episode named "Dead Man's Claim" (using the name Taffy Paul) as Ann, the daughter of the Boarding House owner. George Macready appeared as Clyde Richards in the 1961 episode "Tempest at Tioga Pass". Quintin Sondergaard appeared in various roles on the series five times between 1958 and 1961. Dan Sheridan was cast as Joe Rankin in the 1959 episode "Election Day".
Yvonne Lime Fedderson was cast as Lola White in the 1960 episode "The Snare". Ron Hayes appeared four times in the role of Wyatt Earp. Gary Vinson appeared as Billy Thompson in the 1958 episode "A Noose Fits Anybody". Tyler McVey appeared from 1958 to 1961 in different roles in three episodes ("Dynamite Blows Two Ways", "Incident at Fort Bowie", and "Dead Man's Claim"). Ron Foster (1960) appeared twice as Toby Dawson in "Six Feet of Gold" and as Sheriff Buck Simpson in "Jeopardy at Jackson Hole" (1961). James Coburn also appeared in "Six Feet of Gold". Tom Greenway guest starred twice, as Charlie in "Buffalo Kill" (1959) and as Ben Pick in "Dagger Dance" (1961). Brett King appeared four times, beginning with the role of Hub Elliott in "License to Cheat" (1959); Douglas Kennedy was cast as Sheriff Jeb Crater in that same episode. William Tannen was cast in four episodes of Bat Masterson.
Diane Brewster, also known as second-grade teacher "Miss Canfield" in Leave It to Beaver and as gambler "Samantha Crawford" in Maverick opposite James Garner as well as in a single episode of Cheyenne, played the role of Miss Lynn Harrison in the 2-part episode "The Conspiracy" (1959). Kevin Hagen appeared as Ace Williams in "The Fourth Man" (1961). Lon Chaney, Jr., played the role of Rance Fletcher in "Bat Trap" (1961).
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
The series was loosely based on Richard O'Connor's 1957 biography of Masterson.[2] This was highlighted by the book's front cover being shown at the end of the closing credits with an onscreen notation "based on".
From 1955 to 1959, Mason Alan Dinehart played a 20-something Bat Masterson in thirty-four episodes of the ABC/Desilu western series, The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp, starring Hugh O'Brian as the frontier peace officer Wyatt Earp. Dinehart left the series, and Barry was hence cast as a 40-something Masterson in a separate series on a different network. In the year 1958-1959 both actors were featured in the role of Masterson.[3]
The theme song was sung by Bill Lee, a member of the Mellomen.
Barry went on to star in Burke's Law, a detective series set in modern-day Los Angeles, as well as The Name of the Game.
Episodes[edit]
The series consisted of three seasons and 107 episodes:
Season 1 (37 episodes)[edit]
Gene Barry as Bat Masterson (1960)
Barry as Masterson (1960)
With Jean Willes and Adele Mara
Ep #
Title
Airdate
1 "Double Showdown" October 8, 1958
2 "Two Graves for Swan Valley" October 15, 1958
3 "Dynamite Blows Two Ways" October 22, 1958
4 "Stampede at Tent City"
(with James Best and William Conrad) October 29, 1958
5 "The Fighter"
(with Marie Windsor and Robert J. Wilke) November 5, 1958
6 "Bear Bait" November 12, 1958
7 "A Noose Fits Anybody" November 19, 1958
8 "Dude's Folly" November 26, 1958
9 "The Treasure of Worry Hill"
(with Ross Martin) December 3, 1958
10 "Cheyenne Club" December 17, 1958
11 "Sherman's March Through Dodge City" December 24, 1958
12 "Trail Pirate" December 31, 1958
13 "Double Trouble in Trinidad" January 7, 1959
14 "Election Day" January 14, 1959
15 "One Bullet from Broken Bow" January 21, 1959
16 "A Personal Matter" January 8, 1959
17 "License to Cheat" February 4, 1959
18 "Sharpshooter" February 11, 1959
19 "River Boat" February 18, 1959
20 "Battle of the Pass" February 25, 1959
21 "Marked Deck" March 11, 1959
22 "Incident in Leadville" March 18, 1959
23 "The Tumbleweed Wagon" March 25, 1959
24 "Brunette Bombshell" April 1, 1959
25 "Deadline" April 8, 1959
26 "A Matter of Honor"
with John Vivyan April 22, 1959
27 "Man of Action" April 29, 1959
28 "Lottery of Death" May 13, 1959
29 "The Death of Bat Masterson" May 20, 1959
30 "The Secret is Death" May 27, 1959
31 "Promised Land" June 10, 1959
32 "The Conspiracy: Part 1" June 17, 1959
33 "The Conspiracy: Part 2" June 24, 1959
34 "The Black Pearls" July 1, 1959
35 "The Desert Ship" July 15, 1959
36 "The Romany Knives" July 22, 1959
37 "Buffalo Kill" July 29, 1959
Season 2 (37 episodes)[edit]
Ep #
Title
Airdate
1 "To the Manner Born" October 1, 1959
2 "Wanted -- Dead" October 15, 1959
3 "No Funeral for Thorn" October 22, 1959
4 "Shakedown at St. Joe" October 29, 1959
5 "Lady Luck" November 5, 1959
6 "Who'll Bury My Violence?" November 12, 1959
7 "Dead Men Don't Pay Debts" November 19, 1959
8 "Death and Taxes" November 26, 1959
9 "Bat Plays a Dead Man's Hand" December 3, 1959
10 "Garrison Finish" December 10, 1959
11 "The Canvas and the Cane" December 17, 1959
12 "The Inner Circle" December 31, 1959
13 "The Pied Piper of Dodge City" January 7, 1960
14 "A Picture of Death" January 14, 1960
15 "Pigeon and Hawk" January 21, 1960
16 "Flume to the Mother Lode" January 28, 1960
17 "Death by the Half Dozen" February 4, 1960
18 "Deadly Diamonds" February 11, 1960
19 "Mr. Fourpaws" February 18, 1960
20 "Six Feet of Gold" February 25, 1960
21 "Cattle and Cane" March 3, 1960
22 "The Disappearance of Bat Masterson" March 10, 1960
23 "The Snare" March 17, 1960
24 "Three Bullets for Bat" March 24, 1960
25 "The Reluctant Witness" March 31, 1960
26 "Come Out Fighting" April 7, 1960
27 "Stage to Nowhere" April 14, 1960
28 "Incident at Fort Bowie" April 21, 1960
29 "Masterson's Arcadia Club" April 28, 1960
30 "Welcome to Paradise" May 5, 1960
31 "A Grave Situation" May 12, 1960
32 "Gold Is Where You Steal It" May 19, 1960
33 "Wanted -- Alive Please" May 26, 1960
34 "The Elusive Baguette" June 2, 1960
35 "The Big Gamble" June 16, 1960
36 "Blood on the Money" with Walter Coy June 23, 1960
37 "Barbary Castle" July 1, 1960
Season 3 (34 episodes)[edit]
The actual Bat Masterson (1879)
Ep #
Title
Airdate
1 "Debt of Honor" September 29, 1960
2 "Law of the Land" October 6, 1960
3 "Bat Trap" October 13, 1960
4 "The Rage of Princess Ann" October 20, 1960
5 "The Hunter"
with guest star John Vivyan October 27, 1960
6 "Murder Can Be Dangerous" November 3, 1960
7 "High Card Loses" November 10, 1960
8 "Dakota Showdown " November 17, 1960
9 "The Last of the Night Raiders" November 24, 1960
10 "Last Stop to Austin" December 1, 1960
11 "A Time to Die" December 15, 1960
12 "Death by Decree" December 22, 1960
13 "The Lady Plays Her Hand" December 29, 1960
14 "Tempest at Tioga Pass" January 5, 1961
15 "The Court Martial of Major Mars" January 19, 1961
16 "The Price of Paradise" January 19, 1961
17 "End of the Line" January 26, 1961
18 "The Prescott Campaign" February 2, 1961
19 "Bullwhacker's Bounty" February 16, 1961
20 "A Lesson in Violence" February 23, 1961
21 "Run for Your Money" March 2, 1961
22 "Terror on the Trinity" March 9, 1961
23 "Episode in Eden" March 16, 1961
24 "The Good and the Bad" March 23, 1961
25 "No Amnesty for Death"
(with DeForest Kelley) March 30, 1961
26 "Ledger of Guilt" April 6, 1961
27 "Meeting at Mimbres" April 13, 1961
28 "Dagger Dance" April 20, 1961
29 "The Fourth Man" April 27, 1961
30 "Dead Man's Claim" May 4, 1961
31 "The Marble Slab" May 11, 1961
32 "Farmer with a Badge" May 18, 1961
33 "The Fatal Garment" May 25, 1961
34 "Jeopardy at Jackson Hole" June 1, 1961
Spin-offs and remakes[edit]
Guns of Paradise (1990)[edit]
Barry recreated the role of Bat Masterson in an episode of the television series Guns of Paradise (1990), alongside Hugh O'Brian as Wyatt Earp.
The Gambler Returns: The Luck of the Draw (1991)[edit]
In The Gambler Returns: The Luck of the Draw (1991) Barry played Masterson, also with O'Brian as Earp, as well as Jack Kelly as Bart Maverick and Clint Walker as Cheyenne Bodie.[4]
Home Media[edit]
TGG Direct released seasons the first and second seasons on DVD in Region 1 on January 29, 2013.[5][6] The third and final season was released on November 5, 2013.[7] Due to licensing issues, the episode Terror on the Trinity is not included.
In other media[edit]
Comics[edit]
Dell Comics issued nine issues of a quarterly Bat Masterson comic book between Aug./Oct. 1959 and Nov. 1961/Jan. 1962 with the initial issue a Four Color tryout (#1013).[8] Columbia Features syndicated a comic strip from September 7, 1959 to April 1960 written by Ed Herron and drawn by Howard Nostrand (Sept. 1959–Dec. 1959) and Bob Powell (Dec. 1959–April 1960).[9] Notably Nostrand was assisted (on backgrounds) by Neal Adams who had just graduated from the School of Industrial Arts; it was among his first professional art jobs.[10]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://sentimental-journeys.com/2010/02/08/bat-masterson-cane--derby-hat--comic-book-ad.aspx
Jump up ^ Robert K. Dearment. Bat Masterson: The Man and the Legend. University of Oklahoma Press , 1989. p.9
Jump up ^ "Full Cast and Crew for The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp". Internet Movie Data Base. Retrieved July 11, 2013.
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ Bat Masterson Complete Season One
Jump up ^ Bat Masterson Complete Season Two
Jump up ^ Bat Masterson Season 3
Jump up ^ BAT MASTERSON
Jump up ^ The Badmouths of the West
Jump up ^ Neal Adams: Renaissance Man Part I Archived 2009-11-16 at WebCite
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bat Masterson (TV series).
Bat Masterson on IMDb
Bat Masterson at TV.com
Gene Barry Fan Page
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bat_Masterson_(TV_series)&oldid=808352417"
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text:
In-flight entertainment
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
IFE control integrated in an armrest
In-flight entertainment (IFE) refers to the entertainment available to aircraft passengers during a flight. In 1936, the airship Hindenburg offered passengers a piano, lounge, dining room, smoking room, and bar during the 2 1/2 day flight between Europe and America.[1] After the Second World War, IFE was delivered in the form of food and drink services, along with an occasional projector movie during lengthy flights. In 1985 the first personal audio player was offered to passengers, along with noise cancelling headphones in 1989.[2] During the 1990s the demand for better IFE was a major factor in the design of aircraft cabins. Before then, the most a passenger could expect was a movie projected on a screen at the front of a cabin, which could be heard via a headphone socket at his or her seat. Now, in most aircraft, private IFE TV screens are offered on most airlines.
The current European trend is to implement bring your own device systems that provide intranet connectivity, allowing the user to stream a predefined range of multimedia content. Following this trend, companies such as Immfly are advancing at a fast pace to deliver on-board entertainment on short-haul commercial flights.
Design issues for IFE include system safety, cost efficiency, software reliability, hardware maintenance, and user compatibility.
The in-flight entertainment onboard airlines is frequently managed by content service providers.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 System safety and regulation
3 Cost efficiency
4 Software reliability
5 Varieties of in-flight entertainment
5.1 Moving-map systems
5.2 Audio entertainment
5.3 Video entertainment
5.3.1 Personal televisions
5.3.2 In-flight movies
5.3.3 Closed-captioning
5.4 In-flight games
5.5 Islamic prayers and directions to Mecca
6 In-flight connectivity
6.1 Satellite and internal telephony
6.2 Data communication
6.3 Wi-Fi
6.4 Mobile phone
7 Brands
8 References
9 External links
History[edit]
The first in-flight film screened during the 1921 Parade of Progress Exposition in Chicago
The first in-flight movie was in 1921 on Aeromarine Airways showing a film called Howdy Chicago to its passengers as the amphibious airplane flew around Chicago.[3] The film The Lost World was shown to passengers of an Imperial Airways flight in April 1925 between London (Croydon Airport) and Paris.[4]
Eleven years later in 1932, the first in-flight television called 'media event' was shown on a Western Air Express Fokker F.10 aircraft.[3]
The post-WWII British Bristol Brabazon airliner was initially specified with a 37-seat cinema within its huge fuselage; this was later reduced to a 23-seat cinema sharing the rear of the aircraft with a lounge and cocktail bar. The aircraft never entered service.[5]
However, it was not until the 1960s that in-flight entertainment (other than reading, sitting in a lounge and talking, or looking out the window) was becoming mainstream and popular. In 1961, David Flexer of Inflight Motion Pictures developed the 16mm film system using a 25-inch reel for a wide variety of commercial aircraft. Capable of holding the entire film, and mounted horizontally to maximize space, this replaced the previous 30-inch-diameter film reels. In 1961, TWA committed to Flexer's technology and was first to debut a feature film in flight.[3] Interviewed by the New Yorker in 1962, Mr Flexner said, "an awful lot of ingenuity has gone into this thing, which started from my simply thinking one day, in flight, that air travel is both the most advanced form of transportation and the most boring.”[6] Amerlon Productions, a subsidiary of Inflight, produced at least one film, Deadlier Than the Male, specifically for use on airplanes.
In 1963, AVID Airline Products developed and manufactured the first pneumatic headset used on board the airlines and provided these early headsets to TWA. These early systems consisted of in-seat audio that could be heard with hollow tube headphones.[3] In 1979 pneumatic headsets were replaced by electronic headsets. The electronic headsets were initially available only on selected flights and premium cabins whereas economy class still had to make do with the old pneumatic headsets.[citation needed] In the United States, the last airline to offer pneumatic headphones was Delta Air Lines, which switched to electronic headphones in 2003, despite the fact that all Delta aircraft equipped with in-flight entertainment since the Boeing 767-200 have included jacks for electronic headphones.
Throughout the early to mid-1960s, some in-flight movies were played back from videotape, using early compact transistorized videotape recorders made by Sony (such as the SV-201 and PV-201) and Ampex (such as the VR-660 and VR-1500), and played back on CRT monitors mounted on the upper sides in the cabin above the passenger seats with several monitors placed a few seats apart from each other. The audio was played back through the headsets.
In 1971, TRANSCOM developed the 8mm film cassette. Flight attendants could now change movies in-flight and add short subject programming.
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, CRT-based projectors began to appear on newer widebody aircraft, such as the Boeing 767. These used LaserDiscs or video cassettes for playback. Some airlines upgraded the old film IFE systems to the CRT-based systems in the late 1980s and early 1990s on some of their older widebodies. In 1985, Avicom introduced the first audio player system, based on the Philips Tape Cassette technology. In 1988, the Airvision company introduced the first in-seat audio/video on-demand systems using 2.7 inches (69 mm) LCD technology for Northwest Airlines.[citation needed] The trials, which were run by Northwest Airlines on its Boeing 747 fleet, received overwhelmingly positive passenger reaction. As a result, this completely replaced the CRT technology.[citation needed]
Today, in-flight entertainment is offered as an option on almost all wide body aircraft, while some narrow body aircraft are not equipped with any form of In-flight entertainment at all. This is mainly due to the aircraft storage and weight limits. The Boeing 757 was the first narrow body aircraft to widely feature both audio and video In-flight entertainment and today it is rare to find a Boeing 757 without an In-flight entertainment system. Most Boeing 757s feature ceiling-mounted CRT screens, although some newer 757s may feature drop-down LCDs or audio-video on demand systems in the back of each seat. Many Airbus A320 series and Boeing 737 Next Generation aircraft are also equipped with drop-down LCD screens. Some airlines, such as WestJet, United Airlines, and Delta Air Lines, have equipped some narrow body aircraft with personal video screens at every seat. Others, such as Air Canada and JetBlue, have even equipped some regional jets with AVOD.
For the introduction of personal TVs onboard jetBlue, company management tracked that lavatory queuing went far down. They originally had two planes, one with functioning IFE and one with none, the functioning one later was called "the happy plane".[7]
System safety and regulation[edit]
One major obstacle in creating an in-flight entertainment system is system safety. With the sometimes miles of wiring involved, voltage leaks and arcing become a problem. This is of more than theoretical concern. The IFE system was implicated in the crash of Swissair Flight 111 in 1998. To contain any possible issues, the in-flight entertainment system is typically isolated from the main systems of the aircraft. In the United States, for a product to be considered safe and reliable, it must be certified by the FAA and pass all of the applicable requirements found in the Federal Aviation Regulations. The concerning section, or title, dealing with the aviation industry and the electronic systems embedded in the aircraft, is CFR title 14 part 25. Contained inside Part 25 are rules relating to the aircraft's electronic system.[8]
There are two major sections of the FAA"s airworthiness regulations that regulate flight entertainment systems and their safety in transport category aircraft: 14 CFR 25.1301 which approves the electronic equipment for installation and use, by assuring that the system in question is properly labeled, and that its design is appropriate to its intended function.[9] 14 CFR 25.1309 states that the electrical equipment must not alter the safety or functionality of the aircraft upon the result of a failure.[10] One way for the intended IFE system to meet this regulatory requirement is for it to be independent from the aircraft's main power source and processor. By separating the power supplies and data links from that of the aircraft's performance processor, in the event of a failure the system is self-sustained, and can not alter the functionality of the aircraft. Upon a showing of compliance to all of the applicable U.S. regulations the in-flight entertainment system is capable of being approved in the United States. Certain U.S. design approvals for IFE may be directly accepted in other countries, or may be capable of being validated, under existing bilateral airworthiness safety agreements.
Cost efficiency[edit]
The companies involved are in a constant battle to cut costs of production, without cutting the system's quality and compatibility. Cutting production costs may be achieved by anything from altering the housing for personal televisions, to reducing the amount of embedded software in the in-flight entertainment processor. Difficulties with cost are also present with the customers, or airlines, looking to purchase in-flight entertainment systems. Most in-flight entertainment systems are purchased by existing airlines as an upgrade package to an existing fleet of aircraft. This cost can be anywhere from $2 million to $5 million for a plane to be equipped with a set of seat back LCD monitors and an embedded IFE system.[11] Some of the IFE systems are being purchased already installed in a new aircraft, such as the Airbus A320,[12] which eliminates the possibility of having upgrade difficulties. Some airlines are passing the cost directly into the customers ticket price, while some are charging a user fee based on an individual customers use. Some are also attempting to get a majority of the cost paid for by advertisements on, around, and in their IFE.
The largest international airlines sometimes pay more than $90,000 for a licence to show one movie over a period of two or three months. These airlines usually feature up to 100 movies at once, whereas 20 years ago they would have only 10 or 12. In the United States, airlines pay a flat fee every time the movie is watched by a passenger. Some airlines spend up to $20 million per year on content.[13]
Software reliability[edit]
Software for In-flight entertainment systems should be aesthetically pleasing, reliable, compatible, and also must be user friendly. These restrictions account for expensive engineering of individually specific software. In-flight entertainment equipment is often touch screen sensitive, allowing interaction between each seat in the aircraft and the flight attendants, which is wireless in some systems.[citation needed] Along with a complete aircraft intranet to deal with, the software of the in-flight entertainment system must be reliable when communicating to and from the main In-flight entertainment processor. These additional requirements not only place an additional strain on the software engineers, but also on the price. Programming errors can slip through the testing phases of the software and cause problems.[14]
Varieties of in-flight entertainment[edit]
Moving-map systems[edit]
Simplified version of Airshow
A moving-map system is a real-time flight information video channel broadcast through to cabin project/video screens and personal televisions (PTVs). In addition to displaying a map that illustrates the position and direction of the plane, the system gives the altitude, airspeed, outside air temperature, distance to the destination, distance from the origination point, and local time. The moving-map system information is derived in real time from the aircraft's flight computer systems.[15]
The first moving-map system designed for passengers was named Airshow and introduced in 1982.[16] It was invented by Airshow Inc (ASINC), a small southern California corporation, which later became part of Rockwell Collins. KLM and Swissair were the first airlines to offer the moving map systems to their passengers.
The latest versions of moving-maps offered by IFE manufacturers include AdonisOne IFE, ICARUS Moving Map Systems, Airshow 4200 by Rockwell Collins, iXplor2 by Panasonic Avionics and JetMap HD by Honeywell Aerospace. In 2013, Betria Interactive unveiled FlightPath3D, a fully interactive moving-map that enables passengers to zoom and pan around a 3D world map using touch gestures, similar to Google Earth.[17] FlightPath3D was chosen by Norwegian as the moving-map on their new fleet of Boeing 787 Dreamliners, running on Panasonic's Android based touch-screen IFE system.[18]
After the attempted Christmas Day bombing of 2009, the United States Transportation Security Administration (TSA) briefly ordered the live-map shut-off on international flights landing in the United States. Some airlines complained that doing so may compel the entire IFE system to remain shut. After complaints from airlines and passengers alike, these restrictions were eased.
Audio entertainment[edit]
Audio entertainment covers music, as well as news, information, and comedy. Most music channels are pre-recorded and feature their own DJs to provide chatter, song introductions, and interviews with artists. In addition, there is sometimes a channel devoted to the plane's radio communications, allowing passengers to listen in on the pilot's in-flight conversations with other planes and ground stations.
In audio-video on demand (AVOD) systems, software such as MusicMatch is used to select music off the music server. Phillips Music Server is one of the most widely used servers running under Windows Media Center used to control AVOD systems.
This form of in-flight entertainment is experienced through headphones that are distributed to the passengers. The headphone plugs are usually only compatible with the audio socket on the passenger's armrest (and vice versa), and some airlines may charge a small fee to obtain a pair. The headphones provided can also be used for the viewing of personal televisions.
In-flight entertainment systems have been made compatible with XM Satellite Radio and with iPods, allowing passengers to access their accounts or bring their own music, along with offering libraries of full audio CDs from an assortment of artists.[19]
Video entertainment[edit]
iQ entertainment system on a Qantas A330
Video entertainment is provided via a large video screen at the front of a cabin section, as well as smaller monitors situated every few rows above the aisles. Sound is supplied via the same headphones as those distributed for audio entertainment.
However, personal televisions (PTVs) for every passenger provide passengers with channels broadcasting new and classic films, as well as comedies, news, sports programming, documentaries, children's shows, and drama series. Some airlines also present news and current affairs programming, which are often pre-recorded and delivered in the early morning before flights commence.
PTVs are operated via an In flight Management System which stores pre-recorded channels on a central server and streams them to PTV equipped seats during flight. AVOD systems store individual programs separately, allowing a passenger to have a specific program streamed to them privately, and be able to control the playback.
Some airlines also provide video games as part of the video entertainment system. For example, Singapore Airlines passengers on some flights have access to a number of Super Nintendo games as part of its KrisWorld entertainment system. Also Virgin America's and V Australia's new RED Entertainment System offers passengers internet gaming over a Linux-based operating system.[20]
Personal televisions[edit]
Panasonic eFX system installed on a Delta Air Lines Boeing 737-800
Some airlines have now installed personal televisions (otherwise known as PTVs) for every passenger on most long-haul routes. These televisions are usually located in the seat-backs or tucked away in the armrests for front row seats and first class. Some show direct broadcast satellite television which enables passengers to view live TV broadcasts. Some airlines also offer video games using PTV equipment. Fewer still provide closed captioning for deaf and hard-of-hearing passengers.
Audio-video on demand (AVOD) entertainment has also been introduced. This enables passengers to pause, rewind, fast-forward, or stop a program that they have been watching. This is in contrast to older entertainment systems where no interactivity is provided for. AVOD also allows the passengers to choose among movies stored in the aircraft computer system.
In addition to the personal televisions that are installed in the seatbacks, a new portable media player (PMP) revolution is under way.[when?] There are two types available: commercial off the shelf (COTS) based players and proprietary players. PMPs can be handed out and collected by the cabin crew, or can be "semi-embedded" into the seatback or seat arm. In both of these scenarios, the PMP can pop in and out of an enclosure built into the seat, or an arm enclosure. An advantage of PMPs is that, unlike seatback PTVs, equipment boxes for the inflight entertainment system do not need to be installed under the seats, since those boxes increase the weight of the aircraft and impede legroom.
In-flight movies[edit]
Personal on-demand videos are stored in an aircraft's main in-flight entertainment system, from whence they can be viewed on demand by a passenger over the aircraft's built in media server and wireless broadcast system. Along with the on-demand concept comes the ability for the user to pause, rewind, fast forward, or jump to any point in the movie. There are also movies that are shown throughout the aircraft at one time, often on shared overhead screens or a screen in the front of the cabin. More modern aircraft are now allowing Personal Electronic Devices (PED's) to be used to connect to the on board in-flight entertainment systems.[citation needed]
Regularly scheduled in flight movies began to premiere in 1961 on flights from New York to Los Angeles.[21]
Closed-captioning[edit]
Closed captioning technology for deaf and hard-of-hearing passengers started in 2008 with Emirates Airlines. The captions are text streamed along with video and spoken audio and enables passengers to either enable or disable the subtitle/caption language. Closed captioning is capable of streaming various text languages, including Arabic, Chinese, English, French, German, Hindi, Spanish, and Russian. The technology is currently based on Scenarist file multiplexing so far; however, portable media players tend to use alternative technologies. A WAEA technical committee is trying to standardize the closed caption specification. In 2009, the US Department of Transportation ruled a compulsory use of captions of all videos, DVDs, and other audio-visual displays played for safety and/or informational purposes in aircraft should be high-contrast captioned (e.g., white letters on a consistent black background [14 CFR Part 382/ RIN 2105–AD41 /OST Docket No. 2006–23999]). As of 2013, several airlines, including
United Airlines,[22]
Qantas[23]
Southwest[24]
and Emirates,[25]
have closed-captioning provided on their AVOD systems.
In-flight games[edit]
Video games are another emerging facet of in-flight entertainment. Some game systems are networked to allow interactive playing by multiple passengers. Later generations of IFE games began to shift focus from pure entertainment to learning. The best examples of this changing trend are the popular trivia game series and the Berlitz Word Traveler that allows passengers to learn a new language in their own language. Appearing as a mixture of lessons and mini games, passengers can learn the basics of a new language while being entertained. Many more learning applications continue to appear in the IFE market.
Islamic prayers and directions to Mecca[edit]
In several airlines from the Muslim world the AVOD systems provide Qibla directions to allow Muslims to pray toward Mecca (e.g. Emirates, Etihad, Malaysia Airlines, Qatar Airways, Royal Jordanian and Saudia); Malaysia Airlines has built-in Qur'an e-books and Garuda Indonesia has a unique Qur'an channel.
Several Islamic airlines may also switch to a pre-flight Qur'an prayer prior to taking off, like Egypt Air, Etihad, Jazeera Airways, Kuwait Airways, Pakistan International Airlines, Royal Brunei, and Saudia.
In-flight connectivity[edit]
In recent years, IFE has been expanded to include in-flight connectivity—services such as Internet browsing, text messaging, cell phone usage (where permitted), and emailing. In fact, some in the airline industry have begun referring to the entire in-flight-entertainment category as "IFEC" (In-Flight Entertainment and Connectivity or In-Flight Entertainment and Communication).
The airline manufacturer Boeing entered into the in-flight-connectivity industry in 2000 and 2001 with an offshoot called Connexion by Boeing. The service was designed to provide in-flight broadband service to commercial airlines; Boeing built partnerships with United Airlines, Delta, and American. By 2006, however, the company announced it was closing down its Connexion operation. Industry analysts cited technology, weight, and cost issues as making the service unfeasible at the time. The Connexion hardware that needed to be installed on an aircraft, for example, weighed nearly 1,000 pounds (450 kg), which added more "drag" (a force working against the forward movement of the plane) and weight than was tolerable for the airlines.
Since the shuttering of Connexion by Boeing, several new providers have emerged to deliver in-flight broadband to airlines—notably Row 44, OnAir and AeroMobile (who offer satellite-based solutions), and Aircell (which offers air-to-ground connectivity via a cellular signal).
In the past few years, many US commercial airlines have begun testing and deploying in-flight connectivity for their passengers, such as Alaska Airlines, American, Delta, and United. Industry expectations were that by the end of 2011, thousands of planes flying in the US will offer some form of in-flight broadband to passengers. Airlines around the world are also beginning to test in-flight-broadband offerings as well.
Satellite and internal telephony[edit]
Some airlines provide satellite telephones integrated into their system. These are either found at strategic locations in the aircraft or integrated into the passenger remote control used for the individual in-flight entertainment. Passengers can use their credit card to make phone calls anywhere on the ground. A rate close to US$10.00/minute is usually charged regardless of where the recipient is located and a connection fee may be applied even if the recipient does not answer. These systems are usually not capable of receiving incoming calls. There are also some aircraft that allow faxes to be sent and the rate is usually the same as the call rate, but at a per page rate. Some systems also allow the transmission of SMS.
More modern systems allow passengers to call fellow passengers located in another seat by simply keying in the recipient's seat number.
Data communication[edit]
IFE producers have begun to introduce Intranet type systems. Virgin America's and V Australia's RED Entertainment System allows for passengers to chat amongst one another, compete against each other in the provided games, talk to the flight attendants and request, and pay for in advance, food or drinks, and have full access to the internet and email.
Wi-Fi[edit]
Several airlines are testing in-cabin wi-fi systems.[26] In-flight internet service is provided either through a satellite network or an air-to-ground network.[27] In the Airbus A380 aircraft, data communication via satellite system allows passengers to connect to live Internet from the individual IFE units or their laptops via the in-flight Wi-Fi access.[28]
Boeing's cancellation of the Connexion by Boeing system in 2006 caused concerns that inflight internet would not be available on next-generation aircraft such as Qantas' fleet of Airbus A380s and Boeing Dreamliner 787s. However, Qantas announced in July 2007 that all service classes in its fleet of A380s would have wireless internet access as well as seat-back access to email and cached web browsing when the Airbuses started operations in October 2008. Certain elements were also retrofitted into existing Boeing 747-400s.[29]
Sixteen major U.S. airlines now offer Wi-Fi connectivity service on their aircraft. The majority of these airlines use the service provided by Gogo Wi-Fi service. The service allows for Wi-Fi enabled devices to connect to the Internet. Delta currently has the most Wi-Fi equipped fleet with 500 aircraft that now offer in-flight Wi-Fi.[30]
Mobile phone[edit]
Main article: Mobile phones on aircraft
As a general rule, mobile phone use while airborne is usually not just prohibited by the carrier but also by regulatory agencies in the relevant jurisdiction (e.g. FAA and FCC in the US). However, with added technology, some carriers nonetheless allow the use of mobile phones on selected routes.
Emirates became the first airline to allow mobile phones to be used during flight. Using the systems supplied by telecom company AeroMobile, Emirates launched the service commercially on 20 March 2008.[31] Installed first on an Airbus A340-300, AeroMobile is presently operating on Emirates A340, A330, and B777 aircraft.[32] Emirates planned to roll out the system over their entire fleet by 2010.
Ryanair had previously aimed to become the first airline to enable mobile phone usage in the air, but instead ended up launching its system commercially in February 2009.[33] The system is set up on 22 737-800 jets based at Dublin Airport and was fitted on Ryanair's 200+ fleet off 737-800 jets by 2010.
OnAir offers inflight mobile connectivity to a range of airlines through its GSM network. The GSM network connects to the ground infrastructure via an Inmarsat SwiftBroadband satellite which provides consistent global coverage.
Brands[edit]
Most airlines have their own brand for its in-flight entertainment system to differentiate themselves. Amongst them are:
Air Astana: KCTV (AVOD on Boeing 767 and select 757, streaming on select Airbus A320, and AOD on all aircraft)
Air Canada: enRoute (AVOD), including its Air Canada enRoute Film Festival; GoGo (Wi-Fi) only on specific flights/destinations
Air France: AIRFRANCE touch (AVOD, on some Boeing B777-200ER and Boeing B777-300ER fitted with "Best and Beyond" product); other aircraft fitted with normal AVOD.
Air New Zealand: KiaOra (AVOD); Kupe (New AVOD)
All Nippon Airways: ANA Sky Channel (AVOD)
American Airlines: ON (AVOD, non AVOD, Overhead)
Asiana Airlines: Asiana Entertainment (New AVOD), Asiana In-flight Entertainment World (AVOD)
Batik Air: all planes
British Airways: High Life Entertainment (AVOD)
Cathay Pacific: StudioCX (AVOD) On all aircraft
China Southern Airlines: CSAir (AVOD and Overhead on Short, Mid and Long Haul Routes)
China Airlines: Fantasy Sky (AVOD)
Delta Air Lines: Delta Studio (AVOD); Delta on Air (Overhead) as well as GoGo WiFi on all long haul aircraft
Emirates: Ice Digital Widescreen and Ice (AVOD); Emirates TV&Radio (non AVOD)
Etihad Airways: E-Box (AVOD)
EVA Air: Sky Gallery (AVOD, non-AVOD, overhead)
Garuda Indonesia: Stars [AVOD, non-AVOD and overhead]
Hawaiian Airlines: Pau Hana Network (AVOD)
Japan Airlines: JAL Mooove! Magic 3 (AVOD) on B777-200ER and B767-300ER. Magic 4 (AVOD) on B737-700. Magic 5 (AVOD) on Boeing 777, B767-300ER and B787 Magic 6 (New AVOD) on Boeing 777 |B777-300ER]] and Boeing 787-8
Jet Airways : JetScreen (AVOD) Domestic & International
Jetblue Airways: Plus TV (Channel 41) Jetblue Features (Channels 38, 39, and 40) (All on PTVs)
Korean Air: Sky Program I (AVOD), Sky Program II (AVOD), Sky Program III (AVOD), Red Program (Drop Down Screen)
KLM: KLM's interactive entertainment system (AVOD)
Lufthansa: Lufthansa Media World (AVOD, non AVOD and Overhead)
Mango (airline): MangoTv (non-AVOD), drop down and bulkhead screens all Boeing 737-800's *All Mango (airline) aircraft are 737-800
Malaysia Airlines: Select (AVOD) on all aircraft.
Malindo Air: on all Boeing 737s
Middle East Airlines: enRoute (AVOD); GoGo(Wi-Fi)
LAN Airlines: IN (AVOD)
Philippine Airlines: Flights of Fancy (AVOD, non AVOD, Overhead), myPAL eSuite(AVOD)
Pakistan International Airline: Bulk screens, digital systems.
Qantas: on:Q (iQ and Total Entertainment System: AVOD, On:Q PTV: non AVOD, On:Q Mainscreen: Overhead *On A330-300 and selected A330-200 aircraft, AVOD is used for domestic flights.)
Qatar Airways: Oryx Entertainment (PTV AVOD; Dropdown, and Bulkhead screens)
Royal Brunei Airlines : Impian (In-Seat AVOD : all widebody aircraft)
Royal Jordanian : SiT from ZodiacAerospace (In-Seat AVOD : Airbus A340-200)
Singapore Airlines: KrisWorld (New KrisWorld and Wiseman 3000: AVOD)
South African Airways: AirScape (AVOD: Airbus A340-600 and A340-300. Non AVOD: Airbus A319, Boeing 737-800, Airbus A340-200.)
TAM Airlines: TAM Nas Nuvens (AVOD in all long haul airplanes, except economy class in Boeing 767-300ER. Overheads in some Airbus A320, Airbus A321)
Thai Airways International: Vision (AVOD, non AVOD and Overhead)
Turkish Airlines Planet (AVOD,Overhead and Non AVOD)
United Airlines: United Private Screening (AVOD, non-AVOD, Overhead), DirecTV on United (Satellite TV on pre-merger Continental aircraft)
US Airways (defunct): Overture Interactive (AVOD: Airbus A330-200, Airbus A330-300 and in Envoy class on Boeing 767-200ER, Boeing 757-200), Overture (Overhead), US Airways Hub (Gogo vision WIFI streaming)
Vietnam Airlines: LOTUSTAR (AVOD) on all wide body aircraft
Virgin America: Red (AVOD)
Virgin Atlantic Airways: VERA Touch and VERA On Demand (AVOD) ; VERA Reel (non AVOD)
Virgin Australia: Red (AVOD) Selected Airbus A330-200s & all Boeing 777-300ERs
Westjet
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Hindenburg interiors
Jump up ^ Bridge, The Broadcast. "How a “Genius” Engineer Designed the First Noise Cancelling Headsets - The Broadcast Bridge - Connecting IT to Broadcast". www.thebroadcastbridge.com. Retrieved 2017-10-27.
^ Jump up to: a b c d White, John Norman. "A History of Inflight Entertainment" (PDF). Airline Passenger Experience Association. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "An Aerial " Picture Theatre "", Flight: 225, 16 April 1925
Jump up ^ "The Bristol Brabazon". Aviator Magazine. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Quoted in Rebecca Maksel, Bringing Inflight Movies to Airlines Was Harder Than It Sounds, airspacemag.com, Smithsonian, 12 June 2015
Jump up ^ Peterson, Barbara (2006). Blue Streak: Inside jetBlue, the Upstart that Rocked an Industry. Portfolio. p. xvi. ISBN 978-1-59184-058-9.
Jump up ^ Code of Federal Regulations Title 14 Part 25 Federal Aviation Administration, Tuesday 10 April 2007
Jump up ^ Code of Federal Regulations Title 14 Part 25 Section 25.1301
Jump up ^ Code of Federal Regulations Title 14 Part 25 Section 25.1309
Jump up ^ In Flight Entertainment Goes High Tech Digital Journal, Tuesday 10 April 2007
Jump up ^ Airbus A-320 Family Airbus A-320 Family
Jump up ^ James Durston (26 August 2014). "Inside the billion-dollar, super-censored inflight movie industry". CNN.
Jump up ^ How to Crash an In Flight Entertainment System Archived 20 April 2007 at the Wayback Machine. CSO the Resource for Security Executives, Tuesday 10 April 2007
Jump up ^ "US Patent #4975696 A - Real-time flight and destination display for aircraft passengers". Google Patents. 23 March 1987. Retrieved 10/07/14. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
Jump up ^ "AIRSHOW® 410 – Product Brochure". Airshow 410. Rockwell Collins. Retrieved 10/07/14. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
Jump up ^ "ArrivalGuides integrated in new Norwegian FlightPath3D Dreamliner service". travalution.co.uk. Travalution. 23 August 2013. Retrieved 16 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "Norwegian Launches FlightPath3D Moving Map Service on International Routes". PRWeb press releases. 12/08/13. Retrieved 10/7/14. Check date values in: |access-date=, |date= (help)
Jump up ^ Apple Teams Up With In Flight Entertainment Apple Computer,Tuesday 10 April 2007
Jump up ^ Virgin America's RED Entertainment System Engadget, Tuesday 10 April 2007
Jump up ^ First in Flight Movie Trivia Library, Tuesday 10 April 2007
Jump up ^ "Captioning In-Flight Entertainment: The Final Frontier". deaffriendly. 4 June 2013. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Information for customers who are deaf or hearing impaired". Qantas. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Name * (21 November 2013). "Southwest to offer captioning on wireless IFE". Runway Girl Network. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Information for Customers with Special Needs". Emirates.com. 18 May 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
Jump up ^ List of airlines offering inflight wifi eDreams Blog Thursday 22 August 2014
Jump up ^ In-flight Internet: Grounded for life? CNET News.com, Friday 25 January 2008
Jump up ^ [http://www.airportwifiguide.com/can-i-get-on-line-in-the-new-airbus-a380/ Airlines currently working on in-flight wi-fi access include Alaska Airlines, American Airlines, Continental Airlines, jetBlue, and Virgin America. Can I get on-line in the new Airbus A380? Airport WiFi Guide, Monday 25 June 2007
Jump up ^ Warne, Dan (24 July 2007). "Inflight internet lives again: Qantas introduces wireless broadband, laptop power in all classes". APCMag.com. Archived from the original on 30 August 2007. Retrieved 24 July 2007.
Jump up ^ Airlines In-flight WiFi Access Fees Table Airport WiFi Guide, Saturday 21 August 2010
Jump up ^ "Don’t switch off your mobile phone on this Emirates flight". Thaindian News. 21 March 2008. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 26 February 2009. Retrieved 11 August 2009.
Jump up ^ Starmer-Smith, Charles (20 February 2009). "Ryanair mobile phone service: 'Hello, I'm on the plane'". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 5 May 2010.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to In-flight entertainment.
Airline Passenger Experience Association (was previously WAEA)
Code of Federal Regulations Title 14(Aeronautics and Space)
Comments on DOT NPRM 14 CFR Part 382 Accommodations for Individuals Who Are Deaf, Hard of Hearing, or Deaf-Blind[permanent dead link]
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Frankly, my dear, I don't give a damn
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
"Frankly, my dear, I don't give a damn" is a line from the 1939 film Gone with the Wind starring Clark Gable and Vivien Leigh. The line is spoken by Rhett Butler (Gable), as his last words to Scarlett O'Hara (Leigh), in response to her tearful question: "Where shall I go? What shall I do?" Scarlett clings to the hope that she can win him back. This line is also partially spoken by Rhett Butler in Margaret Mitchell's novel Gone with the Wind, published in 1936, from which the movie is derived.
The line demonstrates that Rhett has finally given up on Scarlett and their tumultuous relationship. After more than a decade of fruitlessly seeking her love, he no longer cares what happens to her.
This quotation was voted the number one movie line of all time by the American Film Institute in 2005.[1]
Production code conflict[edit]
Prior to the film's release, censors objected to the use of the word "damn" in the film, a word that had been prohibited by the 1930 Motion Picture Production Code, beginning in July 1934. However, before 1930 the word "damn" had been relatively common in films. In the silent era, John Gilbert even shouted "Goddamn you!" to the enemy during battle in The Big Parade (1925). The Production Code was ratified on March 31, 1930, and was effective for motion pictures whose filming began afterward. Thus, talkies that used "damn" include Glorifying the American Girl (1929), Flight (1929), Gold Diggers of Broadway (1929), Hell's Angels (1930), The Big Trail (1930), The Dawn Patrol (1930), The Green Goddess (1930) and Dracula (1931). Although legend persists that the Hays Office fined producer David O. Selznick $5,000 for using the word "damn", in fact the MPPDA board passed an amendment to the Production Code a month and a half before the film's release, on November 1, 1939, that allowed use of the words "hell" or "damn" when their use "shall be essential and required for portrayal, in proper historical context, of any scene or dialogue based upon historical fact or folklore...or a quotation from a literary work, provided that no such use shall be permitted which is intrinsically objectionable or offends good taste".[2] With that amendment, the Production Code Administration had no further objection to Rhett's closing line. It is actually the second use of "damn" in the film. The term "damn Yankees" is heard in the parlor scene at Twelve Oaks.[3]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 YEARS...100 MOVIE QUOTES". American Film Institute. 21 June 2005. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
Jump up ^ Lewis, Jon (2000). Hollywood V. Hard Core: How the Struggle Over Censorship Saved the Modern Film Industry. New York University Press. p. 305. ISBN 0814751423.
Jump up ^ POCOWATCHIT, ROD (8 Nov 2014). "‘Gone With the Wind’ made history in more ways than one". The Wichita Eagle. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
External links[edit]
Press release by AFI
[hide]
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Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell
Characters
Scarlett O'Hara
Rhett Butler
Ashley Wilkes
Melanie Hamilton
India Wilkes
Adaptations
Gone with the Wind (film)
Scarlett (musical)
Autant en emporte le vent
Gone with the Wind (musical)
Related works
The Making of a Legend: Gone with the Wind
Scarlett (novel)
Scarlett (miniseries)
The Wind Done Gone
Rhett Butler's People
The Scarlett O'Hara War
"Went with the Wind!"
Related
"Frankly, my dear, I don't give a damn"
Tara plantation
Twelve Oaks
Margaret Mitchell House and Museum
Suntrust Bank v. Houghton Mifflin Co.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frankly,_my_dear,_I_don%27t_give_a_damn&oldid=795802716"
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