text:
Tax residence
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The criteria for residence for tax purposes vary considerably from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and "residence" can be different for other, non-tax purposes. For individuals, physical presence in a jurisdiction is the main test. Some jurisdictions also determine residency of an individual by reference to a variety of other factors, such as the ownership of a home or availability of accommodation, family, and financial interests. For companies, some jurisdictions determine the residence of a corporation based on its place of incorporation. Other jurisdictions determine the residence of a corporation by reference to its place of management. Some jurisdictions use both a place-of-incorporation test and a place-of-management test.
Domicile is, in common law jurisdictions, a different legal concept to residence, though the two may lead to the same result.
The criteria for residence in double taxation treaties may be different from those of domestic law. Residency in domestic law allows a country to create a tax claim based on the residence over a person, whereas in a double taxation treaty it has the effect of restricting such tax claim in order to avoid double taxation. Residency or citizenship taxation systems are typically linked with worldwide taxation, as opposed to territorial taxation. Therefore, it is particularly relevant when two countries simultaneously claim a person to be resident within their jurisdictio n.
Contents
[hide]
1 In international tax law
1.1 OECD and UN Model Convention
1.2 US Model Convention
1.3 BEPS
1.3.1 Action 6
1.3.2 Action 15
2 In the United Kingdom
2.1 In the United Kingdom for companies
2.2 In the United Kingdom for individuals
3 In Germany
4 In France
5 In the Russian Federation
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
In international tax law[edit]
Double taxation treaties generally follow the OECD Model Convention.[1] Other relevant models are the UN Model Convention,[2] in the case of treaties with developing countries and the US Model Convention,[3] in the case of treaties negotiated by the United States.
OECD and UN Model Convention[edit]
The OECD Model Convention and the UN Model Convention are identical. They first provide for a definition of "resident of a Contracting State":
1. For the purposes of this Convention, the term "resident of a Contracting State" means any person who, under the laws of that State, is liable to tax therein by reason of his domicile, residence, place of management or any other criterion of a similar nature, and also includes that State and any political subdivision or local authority thereof. This term, however, does not include any person who is liable to tax in that State in respect only of income from sources in that State or capital situated therein.
The definition is followed by "tie-breaker" rules for individuals and non-individuals, which result in the person being considered resident in only one of the countries:
2. Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then his status shall be determined as follows:
a) he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State in which he has a permanent home available to him; if he has a permanent home available to him in both States, he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State with which his personal and economic relations are closer (centre of vital interests);
b) if the State in which he has his centre of vital interests cannot be determined, or if he has not a permanent home available to him in either State, he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State in which he has an habitual abode;
c) if he has a habitual abode in both States or in neither of them, he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State of which he is a national;
d) if he is a national of both States or of neither of them, the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall settle the question by mutual agreement.
3. Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 a person other than an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then it shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State in which its place of effective management is situated.[1]
US Model Convention[edit]
The US Model Convention is similar to the OECD and UN Model Convention with respect to residency of individuals. However, if non-individuals are considered to be residents of two countries, the default result is that they shall be considered resident of none for the purposes of claiming the benefits of the tax treaty. The countries will engage in mutual agreement procedures to reach a decision. Therefore, domestic taxation will continue as normal until an agreement is reached.[3]
BEPS[edit]
Action 6[edit]
The Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project developed by the OECD and endorsed by the G-20[4] reached a critical milestone in October 2015, where final deliverables for 15 Actions were presented. Paragraph 48 of Action 6's final deliverable indicated a new wording for the "tie-breaker" relating to non-individuals, whereas it will no longer be automatically determined in the forthcoming revision of the model.[5] According to the new wording, the "tie-breaker" will depend entirely on mutual agreement between both countries:
3. Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 a person other than an individual is a resident of both Contracting State, the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall endeavour to determine by mutual agreement the Contracting State of which such person shall be deemed to be a resident for the purposes of the Convention, having regard to its place of effective management, the place where it is incorporated or otherwise constituted and any other relevant factors. In the absence of such agreement, such person shall not be entitled to any relief or exemption form tax provided by this Convention except to the extent and in such manner as may be agreed upon by the competent authorities of the Contracting States.
Action 15[edit]
Pending work on BEPS Action 15, concerning the development of a 'Multilateral Instrument to Modify Bilateral Tax Treaties' may result on the amendment of a large number of existing treaties to reflect, particularly, the new wording in Action 6. There are currently a considerable number of counties involved in this instrument's negotiation[6] but it is still unclear what changes and what countries will agree to the changes. The work on the multilateral instrument will be concluded and open of signature in December 31, 2016.[7]
In the United Kingdom[edit]
See also: Taxation in the United Kingdom § Residence and domicile
In the United Kingdom for companies[edit]
A company is generally treated as resident in the United Kingdom for tax purposes if it is incorporated in the United Kingdom or, if the company is not incorporated in the United Kingdom, if its central management and control are exercised in the United Kingdom. "Central management and control" refers to the highest level of oversight, usually as exercised by the board, rather than day-to-day management.[8]
In the United Kingdom for individuals[edit]
An individual who spends more than 183 days in the UK in a tax year is UK resident.[9] Apart from that, there are no clear statutory guidelines. The question of whether someone is UK resident is a question of fact and degree, to be determined "on all the circumstances of the case."[10] The vagueness of this test has often been criticised. Viscount Sumner said in Levene v IRC:
The words "resident in the United Kingdom", "... guide the subject remarkably little as to the limits within which he must pay and beyond which he is free. .. The Legislature has, however, left the language of the Acts substantially as it was in [1801], nor can I confidently say that the decided cases have always illuminated matters. In substance persons are chargeable or exempt, as the case may be, according as they are deemed by this body of Commissioners or that to be resident or the reverse, whatever resident may mean in the particular circumstances of each case. The tribunal thus provided is neither bound by the findings of other similar tribunals in other cases nor is it open to review, so long as it commits no palpable error of law, and the Legislature practically transfers to it the function of imposing taxes on individuals, since it empowers them in terms so general that no one can be certainly advised in advance whether he must pay or can escape payment.[11]
Similarly, the Codification Committee concluded:
an enquirer can only be told that the question whether he is resident or not is a question of fact for the Commissioners but that by the study of the effect of a large body of case law he may [emphasis added] be able to make an intelligent forecast of their decision.[12]
More recently, the Chartered Institute of Taxation concluded:
the law determining whether an individual is resident in the UK is a mess.[13]
The number of days present in the UK is not a decisive factor (unless the number of days exceeds 183 in a tax year). In one case a foreigner who spent 5 months in the UK was held not UK resident.[14] In the view of HMRC someone who exceeds 90 days on a four-year average is UK resident, but considerable emphasis is given to the fact that someone who averages less than 90 days may also be UK resident.[15]
Before 2009/10, the vagueness of the law did not seem to matter because HMRC published relatively clear guidelines in document IR20. That document has been withdrawn from 2009/10 and replaced with the much vaguer guidance in HMRC 6.[16]
HMRC currently argue that they are not bound by the terms of IR20 for years prior to 2009/10. Whether that is correct is currently the subject of litigation.[17] It is clear that HMRC are not in any way bound by the terms of HMRC 6, which contains a very full disclaimer.[18]
In Germany[edit]
All tax resident individuals are taxed on their worldwide income, regardless of the source. This would include salary, dividends, etc. earned from one's limited company. Generally, individuals are deemed to be tax resident if they are physically present in Germany for more than six months in any one calendar year or for a consecutive period of six months over a calendar year-end. This ruling is applied retrospectively so presence in Germany from 1 March to 30 November, for example, would make one a German tax resident and therefore subject to German tax on the worldwide income for the entire period rather than just from the beginning of the seventh month.[citation needed]
An individual can also be deemed tax resident if they acquire an abode in Germany. This can include renting, as opposed to purchasing, a property but only if the duration of the lease is deemed to be more than temporary. For this reason, to avoid German tax residency, short-term (such as three months) should be taken out wherever possible.[citation needed]
Non-resident individuals are taxed on German-source income only. In the case of salary and benefits from your limited company, the source is German since the duties of the employment are being performed in Germany. However, dividends from your limited company (assuming this is not deemed to have a permanent establishment in Germany: see below) would be from a non-German source regardless of where the dividends are received. There is, therefore, scope for tax mitigation here if one does not become a German tax resident (although non-German taxes may also need to be considered).[citation needed]
In France[edit]
In France, taxpayers are either "domiciled" in France or are "non-resident". Domiciled individuals are subject to French tax on worldwide income, but non-residents are not taxed on foreign-source income. Many treaty exemptions may apply, however (e.g. foreign-source trading or rental income). Under Article 4B of the French Tax Code (Code Général des Impôts), an individual is resident in France for tax purposes if:
they have a home (foyer) or their principal place of physical presence in France,
they have their professional activity in France, unless such activity is only ancillary, or
they have the centre of their economic interests in France.
French courts have ruled that the principal place of physical presence test is only applicable where the "home" test cannot be applied. A "home" is to be construed as the place where the taxpayer normally lives, without any regard being given to the taxpayer's temporary stays in another country. As the "home" test is concerned with where the taxpayer's family ties are (i.e. where the spouse and children live), this test is highly unlikely to apply to single individuals. Consequently, the principal place of physical presence test should be viewed as primarily applicable to single individuals only.
"Principal place of physical presence" covers a wider range of situations that a basic 183-day rule would have. This is because the taxpayer's physical presence in France in a given calendar year will be tested against his presence in another country. Perpetual travelers must therefore be able to demonstrate that they have resided in a foreign country for a longer period in the relevant calendar year.
In the Russian Federation[edit]
In Russian Federation all tax resident individuals are taxed on their worldwide income, regardless of the source. Individuals are deemed to be tax residents if they are physically present in Russia for more than 183 days during consecutive period of 12 months. The period of presence in Russia is not interrupted in case individual is out of the country for less than six months for educational purposes or for medical treatment. Foreign servants and civil servants that were sent abroad for work purposes are deemed tax residents no matter how long they really are present in Russia.[19]
See also[edit]
International taxation
Permanent establishment
Permanent tourist
Physical presence test
Tax exile
Tax haven
Tax treaty
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "OECD Model Tax Convention (2014 version)" (PDF).
Jump up ^ "UN Model Convention (2011 version)" (PDF).
^ Jump up to: a b "US Model Convention (2016 version)" (PDF).
Jump up ^ "About Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) - OECD". www.oecd.org. Retrieved 2016-03-12.
Jump up ^ Preventing the Granting of Treaty Benefits in Inappropriate Circumstances, Action 6 - 2015 Final Report
Jump up ^ "Multilateral instrument for BEPS tax treaty measures: the Ad hoc Group - OECD". www.oecd.org.
Jump up ^ "BEPS - Frequently Asked Questions - OECD". www.oecd.org.
Jump up ^ For HMRC views see SP 1/90 and the International Tax Handbook chapters 3 and 4. For a statement of judicial views, see “Control of Special Purpose Vehicles” (John Chadwick) [2007] Jersey & Guernsey Law Review 153.[1] For general studies, see Corporate Residence and International Taxation (Robert Couzin, IBFD 2002); Stephen Brandon QC’s Taxation of Non-UK Companies and their Shareholders (Key Haven Publications, 2002).
Jump up ^ Section 831(1) Income Tax Act 2007
Jump up ^ Gaines-Cooper v HMRC [2007] STC (SCD) 23 at [165].
Jump up ^ Levene v IRC 13 TC 486 at p.502.
Jump up ^ Income Tax Codification Committee Report 1936 Cmd.5131 pp.34–39.
Jump up ^ “Residence for tax purposes” 14 November 2007 accessible www.kessler.co.uk.
Jump up ^ IRC v Zorab 11 TC 289.
Jump up ^ HMRC 6 para 1.2, 1.5.13, 1.5.22, 2.2
Jump up ^ "Tax on foreign income: rules for the tax year ending 5 April 2013 - GOV.UK" (PDF). www.hmrc.gov.uk.
Jump up ^ Gaines-Cooper v HMRC
Jump up ^ HMRC6 section 1
Jump up ^ IRC of Russian Federation, part 2, section 8, chapter 23, clause 207
External links[edit]
Site explaining what makes a person as tax resident, for different jurisdictions.
Grant Thornton tax ebook for expats
Deloitte Tax Guides
Taxation of Foreign Domiciliaries in UK law
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Van Helsing (TV series)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Van Helsing
Genre
Drama
Horror
Dark fantasy
Created by
Neil LaBute
Based on
Helsing
by Zenescope Entertainment
Starring
Kelly Overton
Jonathan Scarfe
Christopher Heyerdahl
Vincent Gale
Rukiya Bernard
Trezzo Mahoro
Paul Johansson
Composer(s)
Rich Walters
Country of origin
United States
Canada
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
3
No. of episodes
39 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Dave Brown
Zadoc Angell
Evan Tyler
Chris Regina
Michael Nankin
Dan March
Neil LaBute
Simon Barry
Chad Oakes
Mike Frislev
Producer(s)
Chris Rudolph
Production location(s)
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Editor(s)
Bridget Durnford
Production company(s)
Echo Lake Entertainment
Dynamic Television
Nomadic Pictures
Release
Original network
Syfy
Original release
July 31, 2016 (2016-07-31) – present
External links
Website
Van Helsing is an American-Canadian dark fantasy horror drama television series that premiered on September 23, 2016 on Syfy in the United States.[1] Kelly Overton plays the titular character of the series,[2] which was inspired by Zenescope Entertainment's graphic novel series Helsing.[3] Syfy renewed Van Helsing for a 13-episode third season in December 2017.[4]
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast and characters
2.1 Main
2.2 Recurring
3 Development and production
4 Episodes
4.1 Series overview
4.2 Season 1 (2016)
4.3 Season 2 (2017–18)
5 Broadcast and release
6 Reception
7 Awards and nominations
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Plot[edit]
Van Helsing is set in the near future, where vampires have risen and taken control. Vanessa Van Helsing, a descendant of Abraham Van Helsing, awakens from a three-year coma after her supposed death to find herself in a post-apocalyptic world. She is humanity's last hope, as her unique blood composition gives her the ability to turn vampires human. With this secret weapon, Vanessa becomes a prime target for the vampires. She has been protected by a Marine ordered to keep her, and the doctor who saved her, safe, so she can lead a resistance against the vampires that plague the world's survivors.[5]
Cast and characters[edit]
Main[edit]
Kelly Overton as Vanessa Van Helsing,[6] humanity's last hope to lead an offensive to take back what has been lost in a post-Rising world, as her unique blood composition gives her the ability to turn vampires into humans.
Jonathan Scarfe as Axel, a career Marine with unwavering devotion and loyalty to both duty and his wards, despite years of isolation and endless vampire attacks.
Christopher Heyerdahl as Sam, a deaf survivor of the Rising who relies on his strength and observational skills to stay alive.
David Cubitt as John, a survivor of the Rising whose actions are fueled by anger, prejudice, suspicion and fear. (season 1)
Vincent Gale as Flesh, a vampire who was originally a human named Phil. He became one of the first vampires turned by Julius during the Rising. After the Rising, he served as one of Julius' top lieutenants, and was sent to bite "the dead woman", Vanessa. As a result, he was cured and regained his humanity. (season 1 and 2)
Rukiya Bernard as Doc (real name Sarah), a Seattleite medical examiner and scientist. She was a vampire before being cured by Vanessa.
Trezzo Mahoro as Mohamad, a happy guy, despite all of the evil in the world. He and Sam have a strong bond. (season 1 and 2)
Tim Guinee as Ted,[a] a Marine and a friend of Axel Miller. (season 1)
Laura Mennell as Rebecca, an ancient, high-ranking vampire who sees very little use in human life. (season 1 and 2)
Paul Johansson as Dmitri, a vampire turned long before the Rising. He is now the patient and calculating leader of the vampires. (season 1 and 2)
Aleks Paunovic as Julius, a mysterious and powerful bloodsucker that existed as a vampire for some time before The Rising, though he was far from the high-ranking vampire authority that he is now. (main, season 1; recurring, season 2)
Hilary Jardine as Susan, Vanessa's neighbor and best friend up until The Rising, during which time she became a vampire; She was later cured upon reuniting with Vanessa. (season 1; guest, season 2)
Recurring[edit]
Hannah Cheramy as Dylan, daughter of Vanessa.
Jennifer Copping as Quaid, a member of the Portland Human Resistance. (season 1)
Ben Cotton as Campbell, a member of the Portland Human Resistance. (season 1)
Gia Crovatin as Atanasia, an ancient vampire like her brother Dmitri.
John DeSantis as Gustov, a vampire from Julius' Brood. (season 1)
Sarah Desjardins as Catherine, a member of a group of survivors from Idaho, who were lucky enough to be rescued by Vanessa as they passed through Seattle. (season 1)
Christina Jastrzembska as Mama, mother of Julius, as well as a member of his Brood.
Macie Juiles as Callie, a member of a group of survivors from Idaho, who after being saved Vanessa, forged a bond with her.
Avery Konrad as Cynthia, an average teenage girl that somehow managed to survive The Rising for as long as she did. (season 1)
Duncan Ollerenshaw as Dr. Sholomenko, a human doctor, who was forced into working for Julius and Rebecca in order to create day walking vampires with components from Vanessa's blood.
Rowland Pidlubny as Scab, a vampire servant from Julius' brood.
Ryan Robbins as Taka, a leader of the Portland Human Resistance.
Naika Toussaint as Sheema, a sister of Mohamad and is a member of the Portland Human Resistance.
Alison Wandzura as Nicole, a survivors held up in the Seattle Valley General Hospital until it was over run with vampires. (season 1)
Gwynyth Walsh as Magdalene, an ex-wife of Micah, and is in allegiance with Julius. (season 1)
Andrea Ware as Lucky, a member of the Portland Human Resistance. (season 2)
Missy Peregrym as Scarlett Harker/Van Helsing, Vanessa's twin sister.[7] (season 2, credited as "Special Guest Star")
Development and production[edit]
Syfy acquired Van Helsing from Nomadic Pictures in November 2015, with a 13-episode order beginning production in January 2016, and a series premiere scheduled for Fall 2016.[8] On October 14, 2016, Syfy renewed Van Helsing for a 13-episode second season,[9] which premiered on October 5, 2017. On December 19, 2017, Syfy renewed Van Helsing for a 13-episode third season.[4]
It was revealed during San Diego Comic-Con 2017 that series star Kelly Overton was pregnant during the production of the second season of Van Helsing.[10]
Episodes[edit]
Series overview[edit]
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
First aired
Last aired
1 13 July 31, 2016 (2016-07-31) December 9, 2016 (2016-12-09)
2 13 October 5, 2017 (2017-10-05) January 4, 2018 (2018-01-04)
Season 1 (2016)[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title [11][12]
Directed by
Written by
Original air date [11][12]
US viewers
(millions)
1
1 "Help Me" Michael Nankin Neil LaBute July 31, 2016 (2016-07-31)[b] 1.24[14]
2
2 "Seen You" Michael Nankin Simon Barry September 23, 2016 (2016-09-23) 0.83[15]
3
3 "Stay Inside" Michael Nankin Jackie May September 30, 2016 (2016-09-30) 0.66[16]
4
4 "Coming Back" David J. Frazee Jonathan Walker October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07) 0.62[17]
5
5 "Fear Her" David J. Frazee Jeremy Smith & Matt Venables October 14, 2016 (2016-10-14) 0.61[18]
6
6 "Nothing Matters" Amanda Tapping Neil LaBute October 21, 2016 (2016-10-21) 0.64[19]
7
7 "For Me" Amanda Tapping Simon Barry October 28, 2016 (2016-10-28) 0.53[20]
8
8 "Little Thing" Jason Priestley Neil LaBute November 4, 2016 (2016-11-04) 0.61[21]
9
9 "Help Out" Jason Priestley Jackie May November 11, 2016 (2016-11-11) 0.68[22]
10
10 "Stay Away" Simon Barry Jonathan Walker November 18, 2016 (2016-11-18) 0.60[23]
11
11 "Last Time" Simon Barry Simon Barry November 25, 2016 (2016-11-25) 0.65[24]
12
12 "He's Coming" Amanda Tapping Shevon Singh, Jeremy Smith & Matt Venables December 2, 2016 (2016-12-02) 0.50[25]
13
13 "It Begins" Amanda Tapping Neil LaBute December 9, 2016 (2016-12-09) 0.56[26]
Jump up ^ Guinee was only credited as main cast in episodes 1x01 and 1x02.
Jump up ^ The pilot episode of Van Helsing, "Help Me", was aired as a special commercial-free "preview" on July 31, 2016, almost two months before its formal television premiere on September 23, 2016.[13]
Season 2 (2017–18)[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title [11][12]
Directed by
Written by
Original air date [11][12]
US viewers
(millions)
14
1 "Began Again" Michael Nankin Neil LaBute October 5, 2017 (2017-10-05) 0.46[27]
15
2 "In Redemption" Michael Nankin Jonathan Lloyd Walker October 12, 2017 (2017-10-12) 0.45[28]
16
3 "Love Bites" Michael Nankin Jackie May October 19, 2017 (2017-10-19) 0.49[29]
17
4 "A Home" Jason Stone Jeremy Smith & Matt Venables October 26, 2017 (2017-10-26) 0.46[30]
18
5 "Save Yourself" Jason Stone Neil LaBute November 2, 2017 (2017-11-02) 0.37[31]
19
6 "Veritas Vincit" Kaare Andrews Jonathan Lloyd Walker November 9, 2017 (2017-11-09) 0.30[32]
20
7 "Everything Changes" Kaare Andrews Jeremy Smith & Matt Venables November 16, 2017 (2017-11-16) 0.35[33]
21
8 "Big Mama" David Winning Neil LaBute November 30, 2017 (2017-11-30) 0.34[34]
22
9 "Wakey, Wakey" David Winning Jeremy Smith & Matt Venables December 7, 2017 (2017-12-07) 0.49[35]
23
10 "Base Pair" Paul Johansson Jackie May & Michael C. Natchoff
Teleplay by : Jackie May December 14, 2017 (2017-12-14) 0.36[36]
24
11 "Be True" Jonathan Scarfe Jackie May December 21, 2017 (2017-12-21) 0.49[37]
25
12 "Crooked Falls" Paul Johansson Jonathan Lloyd Walker December 28, 2017 (2017-12-28) 0.55[38]
26
13 "Black Days" Jonathan Scarfe Neil LaBute January 4, 2018 (2018-01-04) 0.48[39]
Broadcast and release[edit]
Syfy aired a commercial-free preview of the pilot on July 31, 2016;[13] this was followed by the series premiere on September 23, 2016.[40]
The series was originally slated to premiere in Canada on Super Channel,[41] but because of Super Channel's ongoing bankruptcy proceedings,[42] the series was ultimately dropped from their schedule and instead premiered on Netflix on December 23, 2016.[43]
Reception[edit]
The series' pilot episode received 4.5 stars from Den of Geek.[44] In his review of Van Helsing, Keith Uhlich of The Hollywood Reporter wrote: "It's pretty good... or is at least, to quote that old critic's saw, 'better than it has any right to be'."[45]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Nominee
Result
Ref
2017 Leo Awards Best Direction in a Dramatic Series Simon Barry for "Last Time" Nominated [46]
Best Screenwriting in a Dramatic Series Simon Barry for "Last Time" Nominated
Best Visual Effects in a Dramatic Series John Gajdecki, Ryan Epp, Steve Desroches, Brae Norwiss, Shawn Duddridge for "Seen You" Nominated
Best Make-Up in a Dramatic Series Jayne Dancose for "Stay Inside" Nominated
Best Stunt Coordination in a Dramatic Series Kimani Ray Smith for "It Begins" Nominated
Best Supporting Performance by a Female in a Dramatic Series Hillary Jardine for "Last Time" Nominated
Best Lead Performance by a Male in a Dramatic Series Jonathan Scarfe for "Help Me" Won
Best Lead Performance by a Male in a Dramatic Series Christopher Heyerdahl for "Last Time" Nominated
Best Lead Performance by a Female in a Dramatic Series Rukiya Bernard for "Seen You" Nominated
See also[edit]
List of fantasy television programs
List of horror television programs
List of vampire television series
List of science fiction TV and radio shows produced in Canada
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Evans, Greg (August 3, 2016). "Syfy Sets Fall Premiere Dates For 'Incorporated', 'Van Helsing' & Others – TCA". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved August 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ Swift, Andy (February 17, 2016). "True Blood Alum Is Syfy's Van Helsing". TVLine. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ Freeman, Molly (September 24, 2016). "Van Helsing Series Premiere Review: A New Kind of Vampire Slayer". ScreenRant. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Roots, Kimberly (December 19, 2017). "Van Helsing Renewed for Season 3". TVLine. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Prudom, Laura (November 2, 2015). "Syfy Acquires Female 'Van Helsing' Series with Neil LaBute as Showrunner". Variety. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Vanessa Van Helsing". SyFy.com. SyFy. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
Jump up ^ http://deadline.com/2017/03/van-helsing-missy-peregrym-cast-syfy-action-horror-series-regular-season-2-1202043831/
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (November 2, 2015). "'Van Helsing' Series Picked Up By Syfy". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved October 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ Andreev, Nellie (October 14, 2016). "'Van Helsing' Renewed For Second Season By Syfy". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved October 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ O'Neil, Shana (July 20, 2017). "Van Helsing Season 2 SDCC trailer and panel tease lots of blood". Syfy Wire. Retrieved December 31, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Van Helsing - Episode Guide". Screener TV. Retrieved September 19, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Van Helsing - Listings". The Futon Critic. Retrieved September 23, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Nemetz, Dave (July 21, 2016). "Comic-Con: Syfy's 'Van Helsing' Gives the Classic Vampire Tale a Gender-Bending Twist". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (August 2, 2016). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 7.31.2016". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved August 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (September 26, 2016). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Friday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 9.23.2016". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved September 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (October 3, 2016). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Friday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 9.30.2016". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved October 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (October 10, 2016). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Friday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 10.7.2016". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved October 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (October 17, 2016). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Friday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 10.14.2016". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved October 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (October 24, 2016). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Friday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 10.21.2016". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (October 31, 2016). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Friday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 10.28.2016". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (November 7, 2016). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Friday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 11.4.2016". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (November 14, 2016). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Friday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 11.11.2016". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (November 21, 2016). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Friday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 11.18.2016". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (November 29, 2016). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Friday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 11.25.2016". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved November 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (December 5, 2016). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Friday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 12.2.2016". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved December 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (December 12, 2016). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Friday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 12.9.2016". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (October 6, 2017). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 10.5.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (October 13, 2017). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 10.12.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved October 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (October 20, 2017). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 10.19.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved October 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (October 27, 2017). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 10.26.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (November 3, 2017). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 11.2.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (November 10, 2017). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 11.9.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (November 17, 2017). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 11.16.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (December 1, 2017). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 11.30.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved December 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (December 8, 2017). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 12.7.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved December 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (December 15, 2017). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 12.14.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved December 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (December 22, 2017). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 12.21.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (December 29, 2017). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 12.28.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (January 5, 2018). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 1.4.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved January 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ Marchand, Francois (September 18, 2016). "Aftermath, Van Helsing lead Vancouver's apocalyptic sci-fi charge". The Vancouver Sun. Postmedia Network. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ Cummins, Julianna (February 17, 2016). "Super Channel, Super Ecran pick up Van Helsing". Playback. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Van Helsing series shown here ? - Canadian TV, Computing and Home Theatre Forums". www.digitalhome.ca.
Jump up ^ "New Releases on Netflix Canada (23rd December 2016) - Whats On Netflix". whats-on-netflix.com. December 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Vitagliano, Dave (September 23, 2016). "Van Helsing Series Premiere Review: Pilot". Den of Geek. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ Uhlich, Keith (September 23, 2016). "'Van Helsing': TV Review". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ "2017 Leo Awards Nominees by Name – 2017 Winner". Leo Awards. Motion Picture Arts & Sciences Foundation of British Columbia. June 2017. Retrieved June 7, 2017.
External links[edit]
Official website
Van Helsing at epguides.com
Van Helsing on Netflix
Van Helsing at Garn's Guides
Van Helsing on IMDb
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1924 Winter Olympics
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (January 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
I Olympic Winter Games
Poster for the 1924 Winter Olympic Games
Host city
Chamonix, France
Nations participating
16
Athletes participating
258
Events
16 in 6 sports (9 disciplines)
Opening ceremony
January 25
Closing ceremony
February 5
Officially opened by
Gaston Vidal
Athlete's Oath
Camille Mandrillon
Stadium
Stade Olympique
Winter
St Moritz 1928 >
Summer
< Antwerp 1920
Paris 1924 >
The 1924 Winter Olympics, officially known as the I Olympic Winter Games (French: Les Iers Jeux olympiques d'hiver), were a winter multi-sport event which was held in 1924 in Chamonix, France. Originally called Semaine Internationale des Sports d'Hiver ("International Winter Sports Week") and held in association with the 1924 Summer Olympics, the sports competitions were held at the foot of Mont Blanc in Chamonix, and Haute-Savoie, France between January 25 and February 5, 1924.[1] The Games were organized by the French Olympic Committee, and were in retrospect designated by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as the I Olympic Winter Games.
The tradition of holding the Winter Olympics in the same year as the Summer Olympics would continue until 1992, after which the current practice of holding a Winter Olympics in the second year after each Summer Olympics began.
Although Figure Skating had been an Olympic event in both London and Antwerp, and Ice Hockey had been an event in Antwerp, the winter sports had always been limited by the season. In 1921, at the convention of the IOC in Lausanne, there was a call for equality for winter sports, and after much discussion it was decided to organize an "international week of winter sport" in 1924 in Chamonix.
Contents
[hide]
1 Highlights
1.1 Day 2
1.2 Day 4
1.3 Day 6
1.4 Day 8
1.5 Day 10
1.6 Epilogue
2 Events
3 Venues
4 Participating nations
4.1 Number of athletes by National Olympic Committees
5 Medal count
6 See also
7 Notes
8 References
9 External links
Highlights[edit]
Day 2[edit]
The first gold medal awarded in the Olympic Winter Games was won by Charles Jewtraw of the United States in the 500-meter speed skate.
Day 4[edit]
Sonja Henie, at just eleven years old, skates in the ladies' figure skating competition. Although she finishes last, she becomes popular with fans. Henie went on to take gold at the next three Winter Olympics.
Day 6[edit]
The figure skater Gillis Grafström was the first one to successfully defend his Summer Olympics title at the Winter Olympics.
Day 8[edit]
The Canadian ice hockey team (Toronto Granites) finished their qualifying round with three wins, scoring a total of 85 goals against Switzerland, Czechoslovakia, and Sweden without surrendering even a single goal against.
Day 10[edit]
Finding themselves in the same situation as Gillis Grafström, the Canadian ice-hockey team is the last ever to successfully defend its Summer Olympics title at the Winter Olympics. Canada would dominate ice hockey in early Olympic competition, winning six of the first seven gold medals awarded.
Epilogue[edit]
At the closing of the games a prize was awarded for a sport that did not lend itself very well for tournaments: Pierre de Coubertin presented a prize for 'alpinisme' (mountaineering) to Charles Granville Bruce, the leader of the expedition that tried to climb Mount Everest in 1922.
For the first time in the history of the modern Olympics, the host country, in this case, France, failed to win any gold medals, finishing with three bronze medals. This feat would later occur at the next Winter Olympics in St. Moritz where Switzerland won only a single bronze medal, the lowest ever output by a host nation at an Olympics. Later host nations to finish without gold medals included Canada at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal and 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary and Yugoslavia at the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo.
In 1925, the IOC decided to organize Olympic Winter Games every four years, independent of the Olympic Games proper, and recognized the International Winter Sports Week as the first Olympic Winter games in retrospect.
In 1974 the final individual medal of Chamonix 1924 was presented. Anders Haugen, who until then had been recorded as finishing fourth in the ski jumping event, received a bronze medal. After fifty years an error had been discovered in the score of Thorleif Haug.
In 2006, the IOC confirmed that the awarded medals to 1924 curling teams were official. The IOC verified that curling was officially part of the program, after the Glasgow Herald newspaper filed a claim on behalf of the families of the team.[2]
Events[edit]
Medals were awarded in 16 events contested in 5 sports (9 disciplines). Many sources do not list curling and the military patrol, or list them as demonstration events. However, no such designation was made in 1924. In February 2006 the International Olympic Committee (IOC) ruled that curling was a full part of the Olympic program, and have included the medals awarded in the official count.
Bobsleigh (1) (details)
Curling (1) (details)
Ice hockey (1) (details)
Skating
Figure skating (3) (details)
Speed skating (5) (details)
Nordic skiing (details)
Military patrol (1) (details) [nb 1]
Cross-country skiing (2) (details)
Nordic combined (1) (details)
Ski jumping (1) (details)
Venues[edit]
Main article: Venues of the 1924 Winter Olympics
La Piste de Bobsleigh des Pellerins – Bobsleigh
Le Tremplin Olympique du Mont – Ski jumping, Nordic combined (ski jumping)
Stade Olympique de Chamonix – Cross-country skiing, Curling, Figure skating, Ice hockey, Military patrol, Nordic combined (cross-country skiing), and Speed skating
Participating nations[edit]
Athletes from 16 nations competed in the first Winter Olympic Games. Germany was banned from competing in the games, and instead hosted a series of games called Deutsche Kampfspiele.
[hide]Participating National Olympic Committees
Austria (4)
Belgium (18)
Canada (12)
Czechoslovakia (27)
Finland (17)
France (43) (host)
Great Britain (44)
Hungary (4)
Italy (23)
Latvia (2)
Norway (14)
Poland (7)
Sweden (31)
Switzerland (30)
United States (24)
Yugoslavia (4)
Estonia speed skater Christfried Burmeister was also in the list of participants but the message about his withdrawal wasn't sent to the organizers.[7]
Number of athletes by National Olympic Committees[edit]
[show]IOC
Country
Athletes
GBR Great Britain 44
FRA France 43
SWE Sweden 31
SUI Switzerland 30
TCH Czechoslovakia 27
USA United States 24
ITA Italy 23
BEL Belgium 18
FIN Finland 17
NOR Norway 14
CAN Canada 12
POL Poland 7
AUT Austria 4
HUN Hungary 4
YUG Yugoslavia 4
LAT Latvia 2
Total 258
Medal count[edit]
Main article: 1924 Winter Olympics medal table
Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
1 Norway 4 7 6 17
2 Finland 4 4 3 11
3 Austria 2 1 0 3
4 Switzerland 2 0 1 3
5 United States 1 2 1 4
6 Great Britain 1 1 2 4
7 Sweden 1 1 0 2
8 Canada 1 0 0 1
9 France (host nation) 0 0 3 3
10 Belgium 0 0 1 1
Total
16
16
17
49
See also[edit]
Olympics portal
1900 Summer Olympics – Paris
1924 Summer Olympics – Paris
List of IOC country codes
Other Olympic Games celebrated in France
Olympic Games
Winter Olympic Games
1968 Winter Olympics – Grenoble
1992 Winter Olympics – Albertville
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ The official website of the Olympic Movement now treats Men's Military Patrol at the 1924 games as an event within the sport of Biathlon.[3][4] However the 1924 Official Report treats it as an event and discipline within what was then called Skiing and is now called Nordic Skiing.[5][6]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "1924 Winter Olympics – Medals, Posters and Bobsleighs". My Art Deco Style. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
Jump up ^ Thompson, Anna (9 February 2006). "GB curlers awarded belated gold". news.bbc.co.uk. BBC Sport. Retrieved 23 January 2010.
Jump up ^ "Biathlon Results - Chamonix 1924". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "Olympic Games Medals, Chamonix 1924". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
Jump up ^ Official Report (1924), p 646: Le Programme ... II. — Epreuves par équipes - 12. Ski : Course militaire (20 à 30 kilomètres, avec tir). (The Programme ... II. — Team events - 12. Skiing : Military Race (20 to 30 kilometres, with shooting)).
Jump up ^ Official Report (1924), p 664: CONCOURS DE SKI - Jurys - COURSE MILITAIRE. (Skiing Competitions - Juries - Military Race)
Jump up ^ "I taliolümpiamängud Chamonix 1924 (25. jaanuar – 5. veebruar)" (in Estonian). Postimees. 2006-01-18. Archived from the original on 2012-09-12.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1924 Winter Olympics.
"Chamonix 1924". Olympic.org. International Olympic Committee.
"Results and Medalists". Olympic.org. International Olympic Committee.
Official Report (1924) of both Summer and Winter games: (ed.) M. Avé, Comité Olympique Français. Les Jeux de la VIIIe Olympiade Paris 1924 – Rapport Officiel (PDF) (in French). Paris: Librairie de France. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 May 2011. Retrieved 7 May 2011. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
1924 Olympic Curling Medals Count: CBC News February 8, 2006
Olympic Games in Chamonix 1.924
The program of the 1924 Chamonix Winter Olympics
New sporting event Winter Olympics
I Olympic Winter Games (1924) Succeeded by
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values: الألعاب الأولمبية الشتوية 1924 – Arabic

values: Chuegos Olimpicos d'hibierno de 1924 – Aragonese

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values: 1924. aasta taliolümpiamängud – Estonian

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Running mate
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other uses, see Running mate (disambiguation).
[hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (December 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
(Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A running mate is a person running together with another person on a joint ticket during an election. The term is most often used in reference to the person in the subordinate position (such as the vice presidential candidate running with a presidential candidate) but can also properly be used when referring to both candidates, such as by saying Joko Widodo and Jusuf Kalla, and Uhuru Kenyatta and William Ruto, were running mates in relation to the presidential elections held in Indonesia in 2014 and Kenya in 2013 respectively.
Running mates may be chosen, by custom or by law, to balance the ticket geographically, ideologically, or personally; examples of such a custom for each of the criteria are, georgaphically, in Nigerian presidential elections, in which a presidential candidate from the predominantly Christian south is typically matched with a vice presidential candidate from the predominantly Muslim north, and vice-versa, ideologically, the Brazilian general elections in 2010 and 2014, where Dilma Rousseff of the left-wing Workers' Party ran alongside Michel Temer of the center-right Brazilian Democratic Movement Party, and, personally, the Bulgarian presidential election, 2016, in which both candidates who went on to the second round of voting, Rumen Radev and Tsetska Tsacheva, had running mates of the opposite gender. The objective is to create a more widespread appeal for the ticket and the results can range from assisting the resulting pair of candidates in appealing to a larger base of people to deterring voters who were initially inclined to vote for the running candidate, but may have been put off by the choice of the running mate.
The term is usually used in countries in which the offices of President and Vice President are both directly elected on the same ticket, in reference to a prospective Vice President. However, there are countries, such as the Philippines and (nominally) Cyprus, in which the President and Vice-President are elected on separate tickets, and frequently, this results in them being from different political parties - indeed, when the Philippine Vice-Presidential position was restored in 1987, only once were the President and Vice-President elected from the same ticket, in 2004. Further, in other countries, such as Botswana and Venezuela, the Vice-President is legally appointed by the President in all cases (unlike, for instance, the United States, in which the President appoints a Vice-President only in case of a vacancy, or Taiwan, in which the President nominates candidates for Vice-President in case of a vacancy and the Legislative Council elects one of them to fill the vacancy).
In cases of both separate elections and appointments, the President and Vice-President are not considered running mates because they are not elected on the same ticket.
Contents
[hide]
1 In United States politics
2 Outside the United States
3 List of adoption of a Running Mate system =
4 References
In United States politics[edit]
In the United States, "running mate" refers not only to a candidate for vice president (federal), but also to a candidate for lieutenant governors of those states where the governor and lieutenant governor are jointly elected. Historically, American running mates were chosen by political parties in consultation with the principal candidate (i.e., the person running for president or governor). In the late 1960s, it became the practice of the principal candidate in presidential elections to announce his or her preferred choice of running mate at his or her political party's national convention. The current practice is for the presumptive nominee of a political party to announce his or her choice for running mate before the national convention which, because of the extensive primary election and caucus system, is becoming increasingly irrelevant.
The practice of running candidates for president and vice president together evolved in the nineteenth century. Originally, electors cast two ballots for president and whoever took second place in the tabulation became vice president. Starting in 1804, the president and vice president were elected on separate ballots as specified in the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution which was adopted in that year. As more and more states subsequently began to choose their electors by popular election instead of appointment (South Carolina being the last state to change, in 1860), candidates began to realize they could run together as a team for president and vice president instead of running completely separately for each office.
The practice of a presidential candidate having a running mate was solidified during the American Civil War. In 1864, in the interest of fostering national unity, Abraham Lincoln from the Republican Party (popular in the North) and Andrew Johnson of the Democratic Party (popular in the South), were co-endorsed and run together for President and Vice-President as candidates of the National Union Party. Notwithstanding this party disbanded after the war ended, with the result that Republican Lincoln was succeeded by Democrat Johnson; the states began to place candidates for President and Vice-President together on the same ballot ticket - thus making it impossible to vote for a presidential candidate from one party and a vice-presidential candidate from another party, as had previously been possible.
Presidential candidates from smaller states sometimes choose a vice presidential running mate from a state with a large number of electoral votes - as when Walter Mondale of Minnesota (10 votes) selected Geraldine Ferraro of New York (then 36 votes). It is preferred, but not legally required, that the running mate be from a different state from the presidential nominee, because each elector can vote for no more than one candidate from his or her own state. Running mates can also be chosen from swing states in order to boost a candidate's chance of winning in the state.
In electing a subordinate officer the Electors will not require those qualifications requisite for supreme command. The office of the Vice President will be sinecure. It will be brought to market and exposed to sale to procure votes for the President.
—  William Cocke, December 2, 1803, Witcover 1992 cited by Sigelman and Wahlbeck 1997[1]
Outside the United States[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2017)
In many countries in which there are a President and Vice-President with both positions being directly elected, the running mate of the winning presidential candidate automatically assumes the Vice-Presidency; a notable exception is the Philippines, in which one presidential candidate can (and usually is) elected with the running mate of an opposing candidate.
List of adoption of a Running Mate system =[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2017)
Country
Formal Adoption
First Election Used
Before
United States Never[2] Never (de jure); 1864 (de facto) Separate Election
Taiwan 1992 1996 Separate and indirect election
Malawi 1994 1994 N/A (No Vice-Presidency)
Indonesia 2002 2004 Separate and indirect election
Palau 2004 2008 Separate election[3]
Zambia 2015 2016 Appointment by President
Ivory Coast 2016 2020 N/A (No Vice-Presidency)[4]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Lee Sigelman; Paul J. Wahlbeck (December 1997). "The "Veepstakes": Strategic Choice in Presidential Running Mate Selection". The American Political Science Review. 91 (4): 855–864. JSTOR 2952169.
Jump up ^ The United States uses a system of indirect election
Jump up ^ The Running Mate system was abolished in 2008, effective 2012
Jump up ^ An Interim Vice-President is to be appointed by the President before 2020
How Clinton And Trump Are Using Their Running Mates On The Campaign Trail
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Running_mate&oldid=807042390"
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