text:
Chicken McNuggets
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This article is about the version of the product sold at McDonald's restaurants. For chicken nuggets in general, see Chicken nugget.
Chicken McNuggets
Chicken McNuggets
Nutritional value per 10 pieces (162 g) No sauce
Energy
440 kcal (1,800 kJ)
Carbohydrates
30 g (10%)
Sugars
0 g
Dietary fiber
2 g
Fat
30 g (44%)
Saturated
5 g (25%)
Protein
22 g
Vitamins
Vitamin A equiv.
(0%)
0 μg
Vitamin C
(2%)
2 mg
Minerals
Calcium
(2%)
20 mg
Iron
(8%)
1 mg
Sodium
(60%)
900 mg
Other constituents
Energy from fat
270 kcal (1,100 kJ)
Cholesterol
65 mg (22%)
May vary outside United States.
Units
μg = micrograms • mg = milligrams
IU = International units
Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults.
Source: McDonald's Meal Builder
Chicken McNuggets are a type of chicken product offered by international fast-food restaurant chain McDonald's, which they introduced in select markets in 1981,[1] and available nationwide by 1983. They consist of small pieces of processed chicken meat that have been battered and deep fried.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Description and origin
2 Ingredients
3 Sale
4 Criticism
5 McNugget numbers
6 See also
7 References
Description and origin[edit]
The Chicken McNugget is a small piece of processed chicken meat that is fried in batter and flash-frozen, then shipped out and sold at McDonald's restaurants. It was conceived by Keystone Foods founder Herb Lotman in the late 1970s.[3][4]
McDonald's first executive chef, René Arend, created the Chicken McNuggets recipe in 1979. "The McNuggets were so well-received that every franchise wanted them", said Arend in a 2009 interview. "There wasn't a system to supply enough chicken".[5] Supply problems were solved by 1983, and Chicken McNuggets became available nationwide.[6]
According to McDonald's, the nuggets come in four shapes: the bell, the bow-tie, the ball and the boot.[7]
Ingredients[edit]
As of August 1, 2016, the ingredients within the United States are as follows: White boneless chicken, water, salt, seasoning (yeast extract, salt, wheat starch, natural flavoring, safflower oil, lemon juice solids, dextrose, citric acid), sodium phosphates. Battered and breaded with water, enriched flour (bleached wheat flour, niacin, reduced iron, thiamine mononitrate, riboflavin, folic acid), yellow corn flour, bleached wheat flour, salt, leavening (baking soda, sodium acid pyrophosphate, sodium aluminum phosphate, monocalcium phosphate, calcium lactate), spices, wheat starch, dextrose, corn starch. Prepared in vegetable oil (canola oil, corn oil, soybean oil, hydrogenated soybean oil) with citric acid as a preservative. McDonald's ingredients can vary outside of the US. In August 2016 McDonald's announced that Chicken McNuggets no longer contained artificial preservatives.[8]
Sale[edit]
Chicken McNuggets are sold in various portion sizes depending on the country of purchase. In the United States, they come in packs of 4, 6, 10, 20 and 50 (in selected stores).[9] In some markets, including the United Kingdom, they are sold in packs of 4 (as part of a Happy Meal), 6, 9 or 20 (as a "ShareBox").[10] In New Zealand and Australia, they are also available in 3-packs in Happy Meals and Heart Foundation-approved "Tick healthy" meals. In Canada, Chicken McNuggets are sold in packs of 4 (as part of a Happy Meal.), 6, 10, and 20. A 50-piece McNuggets meal deal has been promoted at times for special events such as the NFL's Super Bowl.[11]
McNuggets come with a choice of various flavors of dipping sauce (Pure Honey, Tangy Barbeque, Sweet n' Sour, Honey Mustard, Hot Mustard, Spicy Buffalo, Sweet Chili, Curry, Creamy Ranch, Habanero Ranch, and Chipotle Barbecue). Ketchup is also frequently used as a dipping sauce.
They have recently been introduced by McDonald's in India, first as a part of its "Breakfast Meal" and later in the regular menu in May 2009. A halal version of the McNuggets have been sold at two franchises in Dearborn, Michigan, beginning in the early 2000s, bringing in double the average McNuggets sales.[12]
Criticism[edit]
This article's Criticism or Controversy section may compromise the article's neutral point of view of the subject. Please integrate the section's contents into the article as a whole, or rewrite the material. (September 2016)
In a 2002 lawsuit against McDonald's, a judge commented that Chicken McNuggets are a "McFrankenstein" creation.[13] The judge identified that rather than being merely chicken fried in a pan, McNuggets included elements not utilized by the home cook, including unusual sounding ingredients such as extracts of rosemary, vitamins (niacin, thiamine mononitrate, riboflavin, and folic acid), and leavening (baking soda, calcium lactate, etc.).[14]
PETA Protestors dressed as chickens demonstrating in New York City's Times Square against how McDonald's kills chickens to make Chicken McNuggets.
The 2004 documentary Super Size Me states that "[o]riginally created from old chickens that can no longer lay eggs, McNuggets are now made from chickens with unusually large breasts. They're stripped from the bone, and ground-up into a sort of 'chicken mash', which is then combined with all sorts of stabilizers and preservatives, pressed into familiar shapes, breaded, deep-fried, freeze-dried, and then shipped to a McDonald's near you." Super Size Me also alleged inclusion of chemicals such as TBHQ (a phenolic antioxidant used as a chemical preservative), polydimethylsiloxane (a type of silicone used as an anti-foaming agent) and other ingredients not used by a typical home cook.[15] This was subsequently restated by CNN.[16] Marion Nestle, a New York University professor and author of What to Eat, says that the two said ingredients in McNuggets probably pose no health risks. As a general rule, though, she advocates not eating any food with an ingredient that is difficult for one to pronounce.[16]
Before August 2016, dimethylpolysiloxane and TBHQ were listed as ingredients in the McNuggets cooking process.[17] According to Lisa McComb, a media relations representative for McDonald's, dimethylpolysiloxane is used as a matter of safety to keep the frying oil from foaming. The chemical is a form of silicone also used in cosmetics and Silly Putty. A review of animal studies by the World Health Organization found no adverse health effects associated with dimethylpolysiloxane. TBHQ is a common preservative for vegetable oils, cereals, nuts, cookies, chips and animal fats,[18] found in other foods like Girl Scout Cookies[19] and Quaker Chewy Granola Bars.[20] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration sets an upper limit of 0.02% of the oil or fat content in foods,[21] which like other foods, applies to the oil used in McNuggets. Effective use of TBHQ was 1 gram per 5000 grams of cooking oil (1 gram per 11.023 pounds of cooking oil).
McNugget numbers[edit]
Main article: Coin problem § Mcnugget numbers
A mathematical problem, discussed on Eric W. Weisstein's MathWorld[22] and Brady Haran's YouTube channel "Numberphile,"[23] is that of determining the greatest number of McNuggets which cannot be made from any combination of pack sizes on offer. For example, in the UK, McNuggets are sold in boxes of 6, 9 or 20 (excluding Happy Meals). Consequently, the greatest number of McNuggets which cannot be purchased exactly is 43, the Frobenius number of the set {6,9,20}.[22] This means that all natural numbers greater than 43 can be expressed, in some way, as the sum of some multiple of each of 6, 9, and 20. For example, 139 = 5 × 20 + 5 × 6 + 1 × 9.
See also[edit]
List of McDonald's products
References[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chicken McNuggets.
Jump up ^ Letterman, David (4 June 1981). "The Tonight Show". Retrieved 12 August 2017. It's June 1981 and the year is just about half over and I believe that, regardless of what happens from here on out, historians will recount 1981 as the year McDonalds introduced Chicken McNuggets. Now, I think so. Let's assume for a minute that there is a portion of the chicken anatomy that can accurately be described as nuggets. Is this something you want to eat, huh?
Jump up ^ Popken, Ben (December 9, 2014). "McDonald's shows how McNuggets are really made". CNBC.com. CNBC. Retrieved March 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Keystone Foods". MCDONALD'S. 13 May 2014. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Herb Lotman dies at 80; created system for making McDonald's burgers". LATIMES. 11 May 2014. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Cult of the McRib". MAXIM. 3 February 2009. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "History of McDonald's Corporation – FundingUniverse". Fundinguniverse.com. Retrieved 2013-02-03.
Jump up ^ "From Chicken to McNuggets – McDonalds". McDonalds.ca. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
Jump up ^ "McDonald's Just Made A Big Change to Its Chicken McNuggets". Fortune.com. Retrieved 2016-08-01.
Jump up ^ "Chicken McNuggets". McDonald's. Retrieved 21 April 2014.
Jump up ^ "Chicken". McDonald's. Retrieved 21 April 2014.
Jump up ^ Aamoth, Doug. "CrunchDeals: 50 piece Chicken McNuggets bucket for $10 this weekend". Crunch Deals. Retrieved 2 December 2010.
Jump up ^ "Halal McNuggets a Hit in Detroit". Huda.
Jump up ^ Weiser, Benjamin (26 January 2003). "Word for Word/Fast-Food Fracas; Your Honor, We Call Our Next Witness: McFrankenstein". New York Times. Retrieved 2 December 2010.
Jump up ^ Weiser, Benjamin (26 January 2003). "Word for Word/Fast-Food Fracas; Your Honor, We Call Our Next Witness: McFrankenstein". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ Morgan Spurlock (2004). Super Size Me.
^ Jump up to: a b Martin, David (25 June 2010). "All McNuggets not created equal". CNN. Retrieved 2 December 2010.
Jump up ^ "McDonald's USA Ingredients Listing for Popular Menu Items" (PDF). McDonalds. 9 October 2010. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 December 2010. Retrieved 2 December 2010.
Jump up ^ "TBHQ — The most effective choice for vegetable oils". Archived from the original on 2012-04-25.
Jump up ^ "Nutrition Information for Girl Scout Cookies".
Jump up ^ "Quaker Chewy Granola Bars — Chocolate Chip Nutritional Information".
Jump up ^ "21 C.F.R. § 172.185". Law.justia.com. Retrieved 2013-02-03.
^ Jump up to: a b Weisstein, Eric W. "McNugget Number". MathWorld. Wolfram Research, Inc. Retrieved 21 April 2014.
Jump up ^ "How to order 43 Chicken McNuggets – Numberphile". Numberphile. Retrieved 21 April 2014.
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The Castle, Newcastle
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
The Castle, Newcastle
Newcastle Castle Keep
Location within Tyne and Wear
General information
Town or city
Newcastle upon Tyne
Country
United Kingdom
Coordinates
54°58′08″N 1°36′38″W / 54.9688°N 1.6105°W / 54.9688; -1.6105Coordinates: 54°58′08″N 1°36′38″W / 54.9688°N 1.6105°W / 54.9688; -1.6105
Construction started
1172
Completed
1177
built by Henry II
Owner
Newcastle City Council
The Castle, Newcastle is a medieval fortification in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, built on the site of the fortress that gave the City of Newcastle its name. The most prominent remaining structures on the site are the Castle Keep, the castle's main fortified stone tower, and the Black Gate, its fortified gatehouse.
Use of the site for defensive purposes dates from Roman times, when it housed a fort and settlement called Pons Aelius, guarding a bridge over the River Tyne. Robert Curthose, eldest son of William the Conqueror, in 1080 built a wooden motte and bailey style castle on the site of the Roman fort. Curthose built this 'New Castle upon Tyne' after he returned south from a campaign against Malcolm III of Scotland. Henry II built the stone Castle Keep was built between 1172 and 1177 on the site of Curthose's castle. Henry III added the Black Gate between 1247 and 1250. Nothing remains of the Roman fort or the original motte and bailey castle. The Keep is a Grade I listed building, and a Scheduled Ancient Monument.
The Castle Keep and Black Gate pre-date the construction of the Newcastle town wall, construction of which started around 1265, and did not include it. The site of the keep is in the centre of Newcastle and lies to the east of Newcastle station. The 75-foot (23 m) gap between the Keep and the Gatehouse is almost entirely filled by the railway viaduct that carries the East Coast Main Line from Newcastle to Scotland.
The Keep and Black Gate are now managed by the Old Newcastle Project under the Heart of the City Partnership as one combined visitor attraction, "Newcastle Castle".
Contents
[hide]
1 Earliest history
2 Norman castle
3 The new stone castle
4 English Civil War
5 Nineteenth century
6 Twentieth century
7 The Black Gate
8 Current building
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Earliest history[edit]
In the mid-2nd century, the Romans built the first bridge to cross the River Tyne at the place where Newcastle now stands. The bridge was called Pons Aelius or ‘Bridge of Aelius’, Aelius being the family name of Emperor Hadrian, who was responsible for the Roman wall built along Tyne-Solway Gap. The Romans built a fort to protect the river crossing which was at the foot of the Tyne Gorge. The fort was situated on a rocky outcrop overlooking the new bridge.[1]
At some unknown time in the Anglo-Saxon age, the site of Newcastle came to be known as Monkchester. In the late 7th century, a cemetery was established on the site of the Roman castle.[1]
Norman castle[edit]
In 1080, the Norman king, William I, sent his eldest son, Robert Curthose, north to defend the kingdom against the Scots. After his campaign, he moved to Monkchester and began the building of a ‘New Castle’. This was of the "motte-and-bailey" type of construction, a wooden tower on top of an earthen mound (motte), surrounded by a moat and wooden stockade (bailey).[2]
In 1095, the Earl of Northumbria, Robert de Mowbray, rose up against William Rufus and Rufus sent an army north to crush the revolt and to capture the castle. From then on the castle became crown property and was an important base from which the king could control the northern barons.[2]
The new stone castle[edit]
The castle in 1814.
A view of the interior in 1814.
Not a trace of the tower or mound of the motte and bailey castle remains now. Henry II replaced it with a rectangular stone keep, which was built between 1172 and 1177 at a cost of £1,444. A stone bailey, in the form of a triangle, replaced the previous wooden one. The master mason or architect, Maurice, also built Dover Castle. The great outer gateway to the castle, called ‘the Black Gate’, was built later, between 1247 and 1250, in the reign of Henry III.[3] During the civil wars at the end of King John's reign, it was under the control of Philip of Oldcoates.[4]
Additional protection to the castle was provided late in the 13th century when stone walls were constructed, with towers, to enclose the town. The safety provided by the town walls led to the neglect of the fabric of the castle. In 1589, during the reign of Queen Elizabeth the castle was described as being ruinous.[5] From the early 17th century onward, this situation was made worse by the construction of shops and houses on much of the site.[5]
English Civil War[edit]
In 1643, during the English Civil War, the Royalist Mayor of Newcastle, Sir John Marley, repaired the keep and probably also refortified the castle. In 1644 the Scottish army crossed the border in support of the Parliamentarians and the Scottish troops besieged Newcastle for three months until the garrison surrendered. The town walls were extensively damaged and the final forces to surrender on 19 October 1644 did so from the Castle keep.[6]
During the 16th to the 18th century, the keep was used as a prison. By 1800, there were a large number of houses within the boundaries of the castle.[7]
Nineteenth century[edit]
Newcastle Keep in 1991
In 1809, Newcastle Corporation bought the keep and provided it with a roof and battlements.[8] In addition the private dwellings within the castle boundaries were demolished. The keep was restored in 1810, 1812 and 1848.[9] In the mid 19th century the arrival of the railway in Newcastle led to a viaduct to be constructed to the north of the keep and crossing the site of the castle. As a result, only the keep and the Black Gate now remain.[7]
Twentieth century[edit]
The keep was restored between the 1960s and 1980s when crumbling outside stonework was replaced and the interior cleaned.[9]
The Black Gate[edit]
Blackgate from the front
The "Black Gate" was added to Newcastle Castle between 1247 and 1250, forming an additional barbican in front of the earlier north gate of the castle.[10] It consisted of two towers with a passage running between them. On either side of the passage was a vaulted guardroom. There was a drawbridge at the front (facing west) and another at the rear. There was also a portcullis which could be raised and lowered to seal the entrance passage.[11]
The original building would probably have had a flat roof, but in 1618 James I leased the gatehouse to a courtier, Alexander Stephenson. Stephenson substantially altered the gatehouse, rebuilding the upper floors. Stephenson then let the Black Gate out to various tenants, one of whom was a merchant, named Patrick Black. It was he who gave his name to the Black Gate.[12]
Eventually houses were built along both sides of the passageway, and one part of the building became a public house. By the early part of the nineteenth century, the Black Gate had become a slum tenement, housing up to sixty people.[12]
Blackgate was leased to the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne in the 1880s, which extensively restored it between 1883 and 1885.[10] It was the Society that added the top floor and pitched roof. The Society has held regular meetings there ever since. The drawbridges to the front and rear have been replaced by wooden footbridges.[12]
Current building[edit]
The keep as viewed from Newcastle station's island platform. Brand new steam locomotive 60163 Tornado stands to the left
The Keep is a Grade I listed building, and a Scheduled Ancient Monument. It is a roughly square building, measuring 62 feet (19 m) by 56 feet (17 m) and 81 feet (25 m) tall. The entrance leads via flights of stairs to the second floor and into the Great Hall, the largest room in the keep, measuring 30 feet (9.1 m) by 24 feet (7.3 m). The Black Gate was approached via a drawbridge across a moat. A wooden bridge has replaced the drawbridge. The original gate had a portcullis, and the recesses where this fitted can still be seen. The keep is currently owned by Newcastle City Council and managed by the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne, one of the world's oldest antiquarian societies.[13]
The Castle Keep can be visited today. The keep is also notable in having the main East Coast railway line running through the centre of the grounds. In particular, the battlements offer fine views over the River Tyne quayside, the cathedral and Newcastle station. The castle is reputedly haunted, and has been subject to many paranormal investigations. It featured in an episode of Most Haunted.[14]
The Castle Keep and the Black Gate have recently been refurbished by the Heart of the City partnership and reopened on 21 March 2015 as Newcastle Castle. In addition to improved accessibility, new additions include an education centre, reception/gift shop and museum room in the Black Gate and audio-visual installations in the Castle Keep, telling the story of the site and the people who have lived there over the years.[15]
See also[edit]
Castles in Great Britain and Ireland
List of castles in England
References[edit]
Notes
^ Jump up to: a b Harbottle, p. 1
^ Jump up to: a b Harbottle, p. 2
Jump up ^ "Newcastle upon Tyne: Roman Origins : Pons Aelius, Condercum and Segedunum". Retrieved 21 June 2014.
Jump up ^ Todd, John M. (2004). "Oldcoates , Sir Philip of (d. 1220)" ((subscription or UK public library membership required)). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27983. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Harbottle, p. 4
Jump up ^ Harbottle, p. 5
^ Jump up to: a b Harbottle, p. 6
Jump up ^ Tony Henderson (17 March 2015). "Castle Keep in Newcastle re-opens after revamp to tell the history of the city". nechronicle. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Welcome to the Castle Keep, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK". castlekeep-newcastle.org.uk. Archived from the original on 28 May 2013. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne: The Black Gate". newcastle-antiquaries.org.uk. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
Jump up ^ "Introduction". The Black Gate website. Archived from the original on 28 May 2013. Retrieved 21 June 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c Harbottle, p. 21
Jump up ^ "Rain causes Newcastle Castle Keep ceiling to fall in". The Journal. 16 August 2012. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Most Haunted". RadioTimes. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "Newcastle Castle: The Gateway to Old Newcastle". The Heart of the City Partnership. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
Bibliography
Dodds, G.L. (2000). Historic Sites of Northumberland & Newcastle upon Tyne. Albion Press. ISBN 0-9525122-1-1.
Harbottle, Barbara (1977). The Castle of Newcastle upon Tyne. Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne. ISBN 978-0-901082-65-7.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Newcastle Castle.
Official site
Newcastle Antiquaries website

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University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chandigarh
Type
Public
Established
2002[citation needed]
Location
Chandigarh, India
Affiliations
Panjab University, AICTE[1]
Website
www.uiet.puchd.ac.in
University Institute of Engineering and Technology (UIET)[2] is an engineering and management institute of Panjab University,[3] Chandigarh, India offering undergraduate (BE), postgraduate (Dual Degree BEMBA, M.Tech degree) as well as doctoral courses. The institute is granted funds from the central government to improve its infrastructure and facilities.[4] UIET has interactions and Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) with industry and academia like Infosys (Campus Connect Program), IBM, IMTECH, and Bharti Group (Bharti Chair for research). The institute has a memorandum signed with the University of Western Australia.[5]
Contents
1 Campus
2 Academics
3 Student activities
3.1 Committees
3.2 Cultural and technical festivals
3.3 Technical societies
4 Alumni network
5 References
6 External links
Campus[edit]
UIET is in the southern campus of Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh.[6] It has two academic blocks which include labs, offices, library, and lecture halls. There are blocks for mechanical labs and workshops. There is an ATM. Wi-Fi and Internet access is provided in some parts of the campus. Students are from all over the nation: few are day scholars and many live in hostels which provide accommodation, food, washrooms, and sporting facilities.
Academics[edit]
UIET offers four-year Bachelor of Engineering (BE) and Master of Engineering (ME) courses are offered in various engineering fields, as well as full-time Ph.D courses.[7]
Admissions to undergraduate courses are made through the JEE (Main) rank.[8] Admissions to Master of Engineering courses are made through the Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) examinations. Admissions to Ph.D. courses are made through the Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) examinations and University Ph.D. Entrance Test.
Student activities[edit]
Committees[edit]
The official student committees of the institute are known as the 'UTECHNOS' Committees.[9] At present there are 10 such ommittees,[10]
Cultural and technical festivals[edit]
'Goonj' is the annual cultural festival, organised by the students of UIET. Events include quizzes, workshops, game shows, informal events, fashion show (Glitterati), dance show (Groovz), rock night, Pronite, and a city-level beauty pageant.[11][12][13]
Conferences, events, competitions with workshops and lectures by eminent guests across the world are organised every year.[14][15][16][17] Some of the conferences include National Conference on Computing, Communication and Control (3C-2009),[18] National Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering (NCAME-2011),[19] etc.
UIET has been hosting SAE EFFI-CYCLE,[20] from the first season; it is now in its third season, with more than 120 teams competing including four IITs.
Technical societies[edit]
IEEE-UIET,[21][22][23] the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Student Chapter
Design and Innovation Group, UIET - The DIG helps students of Chandigarh area to learn new and different technologies by organizing learn-ups, workshops, hackathons and many other tech events.
SAE-UIET,[24] the Society of Automotive Engineers Student Chapter, which encapsulates three main events related to mechanical engineering: BAJA, Student Formula One, and Aero-modelling.
CSI-UIET, the Computer Society of India UIET Chapter
SBE-UIET, Student Chapter of The Society for Biological Engineers, UIET, Panjab University
Alumni network[edit]
The Alumni Affairs Office at UIET was set up in March 2013 and is maintained by the Student Team for Alumni Relations (STAR) and a 10-member faculty team who supervise alumni events and activities.[25] The office has played a substantial role in building relations with alumni and getting them back to the campus for growth and development of the college.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "AICTE Accredited". AICTE. Retrieved 2011-06-24.
Jump up ^ "Reviews on UIET". Yahoo India. Retrieved 2011-06-24.
Jump up ^ "Departments of Panjab University". Panjab University. Retrieved 2011-06-24.
Jump up ^ "Central Government Funds". aieeeplus. Retrieved 2011-06-24.
Jump up ^ "Collaboration with University of Western Australia". Tribune newspaper. Retrieved 2011-06-24.
Jump up ^ > "Location". Google Maps.
Jump up ^ "University Institute of Engineering & Technology". uiet.puchd.ac.in. Retrieved 24 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "Admission Site". Education Informatics Division, Ministry of Communications & Information Technology, Government of India. 24 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "Student Committees". Uiet Cafe. 24 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "Student Activities". UIET. 24 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "Goonj'11 Official site". Goonj Organizing Committee. 24 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "Goonj'11". know a fest(recognised fest site). 24 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "Chandigarh Stories-Goonj". The Tribune. India.
Jump up ^ "Job Fair". Indian Express Newspaper. Retrieved 24 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "UIET Students in News". Indian Express Newspaper. Retrieved 24 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "Efficycle-SAE Event". MSN India. 24 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "UIET Students create Website for Blood Donation". Times of India(Newspaper). 26 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "National Conference on Computing, Communication and Control (3C-2009)". Bharat Sandesh.
Jump up ^ "Advances in Mechanical Engineering". Tribune Newspaper.
Jump up ^ "EFFI CYCLE". Retrieved 19 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "IEEE-UIET". IEEE-UIET. 24 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "IEEE-UIET Conference ICAER'10". IEEE-Delhi Section. 24 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "ICAER 2010". IEEE-Delhi Region. 24 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "SAE-India Official site for Efficycle". SAE-India. 24 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "Alumni Office, UIET".
External links[edit]
Official website
Coordinates: 30°45′28″N 76°46′05″E / 30.757895°N 76.768109°E / 30.757895; 76.768109
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_Institute_of_Engineering_and_Technology,_Panjab_University&oldid=847867925"
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Captain Morgan
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about a brand of rum. For the Welsh privateer, see Henry Morgan.
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Captain Morgan
Type
Rum
Manufacturer
Diageo
Country of origin
Kingston, Jamaica
Introduced
1944
Alcohol by volume
17.5% - 50%
Proof (US)
70 (Original)
Colour
Golden
Variants
Parrot Bay
Private Stock
Silver Spiced
Tattoo
100 Proof
Long Island Iced Tea
Lime Bite
Black
1671
Related products
List of rum producers
Website
Captainmorgan.com
Captain Morgan is a brand of rum produced by alcohol conglomerate Diageo. It is named after the 17th-century Welsh privateer of the Caribbean, Sir Henry Morgan who died on 25 August 1688. Since 2011, the label has used the slogan "To Life, Love and Loot."
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Distillation process
3 Varieties
4 In popular culture
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
In 1944, the Seagram Company started producing rum under the name Captain Morgan Rum Company.
Seagram CEO Samuel Bronfman purchased a distillery named Long Pond from the Jamaican government. Among the buyers of raw rum from the Long Pond distillery was a Kingston pharmacy named Levy Brothers. The Levy family had been purchasing raw rum, adding medicinal herbs and spices, aging, and bottling it. Bronfman liked the rum product and bought the rights to it.
In the 1950s the governments of both the United States and its Puerto Rico commonwealth territory instituted a number of job creation programs in Puerto Rico. Taxes on rum entering the contiguous 48 states from Puerto Rico were made lower than those on rum coming from foreign countries. At this time both Seagram and the Bacardi family built large new plants near San Juan. In 1985, Seagram sold its rum distillery and manufacturing facilities in Camuy and Arecibo—and doing business as Puerto Rican Destillers—to Destilería Serrallés, a Puerto Rican concern that had been producing the Don Q brand in Puerto Rico since 1865. As part of the contract Seagram also licensed to Serralles the rights to produce and distribute the "Captain Morgan" brand in Puerto Rico and the rest of the Caribbean until 2012.
In 2001, Seagram sold the "Captain Morgan" brand to Diageo. Diageo made an announcement on 24 June 2008, that it intends to build and operate a new rum distillery on St. Croix, Virgin Islands beginning in 2010 and to source from it beginning at the end of their current supply contract in 2012.
An actor portraying Captain Morgan at the 2007 Scream Awards. The event was sponsored by Diageo.
In 1984, Captain Morgan Original Spiced Rum was introduced to the United States.[1] Captain Morgan is, by volume, the second largest brand of spirits in the United States, and the seventh largest worldwide. In 2007[update], 7.6 million 9-litre cases were sold. Most Captain Morgan rum is sold in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, South Africa, and Global Travel.[2]
In November 2009, the NFL banned a covert ad campaign, allegedly put on by Diageo. It was understood that for each NFL player striking the "Captain Morgan" pose on camera during a regular season game, Diageo would donate $10,000 to the Gridiron Greats (a non-profit which helps retired NFL players with various hardships after leaving the game). The league made this announcement following such a celebration by Brent Celek of the Philadelphia Eagles.[3]
In 2010 two American territories, Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands bickered over plans for the Captain Morgan to move operations to the U.S.V.I under tax incentives.[4] The matter came to a head when it created a debate in the United States Congress over the USVI's attempt to use tax benefits to lure the company to that territory.[5]
In 2011, to bring it into line with the international version, Morgan's Spiced in the UK was rebranded as Captain Morgan's Spiced. This was accompanied by a large media campaign and parties hosted around the UK in clubs and bars to advertise the new rum. The "Captain Morgan" mascot was introduced along with "Morganettes".
The likeness of the Captain Morgan character was created by award-winning artist Don Maitz.
Distillation process[edit]
Captain Morgan's Rum is distilled from sugar cane. The combination of the type of yeasts employed for fermentation, distillation method, aging conditions, and blending determines the characteristic flavour of rum. Made with molasses, water, mash and yeast, Captain Morgan Original Spiced rum is distilled in a continuous still. Once distilled, the clear spirit is aged in oak barrels for up to a year, adding a golden colour and character to the rum before the flavours and spices are added. The brand’s taste is achieved through a proprietary recipe, which is blended into the rum mixture at the final stages of production, making use of spices indigenous to the Caribbean Islands.
Varieties[edit]
Black - The original Captain Morgan rum, this is a full-bodied blend of pot and continuous still rums from Jamaica, Guyana & Barbados aged in oak, has a dark colour and distinctive rich taste. Available only in the United Kingdom, Germany, Scandinavia, South Africa, and some other countries. Packaged in a traditional Captain Morgan bottle with a black label highlighting the words "Jamaica Rum". 100 proof (USA - 80 proof)
Black Spiced Rum - Crafted from Caribbean Blackstrap rum and select ingredients, including “rich clove spice and premium cassia bark ... finished with double charred blackened oak for a premium, smooth taste”. Advertised as a bold alcohol that carries the taste of cinnamon and clove, followed by “hints of warm spice and vanilla for a smooth finish". Only available in the USA, Canada, and Australia. Packaged in a distinct stout-bodied clear-glass bottle with a white label printed on both sides. 94.6 proof (Australia - 80 proof)
Captain Morgan Black Label from the 1970s. A product of Jamaica, Guyana and Barbados, produced by the Seagram company.
Dark Rum - A blend of Caribbean and Canadian Rum. 80 proof
Deluxe Dark - A blend of dark Caribbean rums, aged in white oak barrels, only available in Canada. 80 proof
Lime Bite - A silver lime-spiked spiced rum. 70 proof
Limited Edition Spiced - Similar to Spiced Gold. 70 proof
Long Island Iced Tea - A pre-mixed cocktail of rum, vodka, whiskey, gin and triple-sec liqueur. Only available in the USA and Canada. 35 proof
Original Spiced - Aged Caribbean rum, with spices and other natural flavours. 70 proof
Original Spiced Gold - A blend of rum and other spirits. Mellow aged and enhanced with fruit flavours, spices, and a heavy touch of vanilla. 70 proof
Parrot Bay - White rum offered in a variety of flavourings including coconut, key lime, mango, orange, passion fruit, pineapple and strawberry. This range appears to have been introduced to compete with the flavoured vodkas in mixed cocktails. 42 proof (formerly 48). Also offered in a 90 proof version of the coconut flavour.
Private Stock - Rich, dark and full-bodied, blends hints of island spices with a smooth texture. Packaged in a distinctive squat bottle with a small label. 80 proof
Silver Spiced - Aged in oak barrels for over a year, with a smooth taste and a well-rounded, vanilla character. 70 proof
Tattoo - An extra-dark, lower-proof rum with fruit flavours described as berry or citrus, introduced to compete with Jägermeister for market share. Unavailable in Canada. 70 proof
White Rum - A five times distilled rum that is aged in white oak barrels for over a year, and then filtered to remove the colour.[6] 80 proof
White Rum flavoured - White Rum in a variety of flavourings including coconut, grapefruit & pineapple. 70 proof
100 Proof - The highest alcoholic content of the Captain Morgan line of drinks. Closest relation is Captain Morgan's Original Spiced Rum. 100 proof
1671 - A smooth, dark sipping rum. 70 proof
Cannon Blast - A sweet citrus flavored rum, often used for a shot. 70 proof
Sherry Oak - A limited edition rum with either sherry oak chips soaked in it, or some sherry has been added 70 proof
In popular culture[edit]
Before and after the 2015 SummerSlam event, John Cena used the brand as a nickname for Seth Rollins (the WWE World Heavyweight Champion) on WWE's Monday Night Raw show.[7][8] In 2016, Diageo created special limited edition bottles to commemorate Wes Morgan captaining Leicester City F.C. to the 2015-16 Premier League title.[9]
See also[edit]
Puerto Rico portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Captain Morgan.
List of Puerto Rican rums
Captain Morgan Trophy
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Diageo Company History". Archived from the original on 4 April 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-13.
Jump up ^ "Captain Morgan" Archived 26 November 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Diageo. 9 August 2008
Jump up ^ "NFL to Captain Morgan, players: 'Ambush marketing' won't be tolerated". USA Today. 12 November 2009. Retrieved 2010-04-29.
Jump up ^ Lever, Rob (29 March 2010). "Daggers in Washington in Captain Morgan rum battle". Caribbean Net News. Retrieved 2010-08-30. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "USVI governor asks US senator to reconsider legislation harming territory's economic future". Caribbean Net News. 13 April 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-30. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "Captain Morgan White Rum Review". Cocktail Enthusiast. 2014-02-09. Retrieved 2017-01-28.
Jump up ^ "John Cena vs. Seth Rollins Contract Signing: Raw, Aug. 17, 2015". I figured there was no chance in hell I was ever getting close to that championship again until Captain Morgan over here opened his big fat stupid mouth!
Jump up ^ "Seth Rollins gets an unwelcome Night of Champions surprise: Raw, Aug. 31, 2015". John: "do I have a match against Captain Morgan .. at Night of Champions .. for the United States Championship?" Stephanie: "Yes."
Jump up ^ https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/news/leicester-captain-wes-morgan-appears-102133661.html?cmp=ukfb
External links[edit]
Captain Morgan official website
Captain Morgan on thebar UK, owned by Diageo
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