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Sare Jahan se Accha
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This article is about the Urdu poem. For other use(s), see Sare Jahan se Accha (disambiguation).
"Sare Jahan se Accha"
Song
Language
Urdu
Published
16 August 1904 (1904-08-16)
Genre
Patriotic song
Songwriter(s)
Muhammad Iqbal
"Sare Jahan se Accha" (Urdu: سارے جہاں سے اچھا, Hindi: सारे जहां से अच्छा; Sāre Jahāṉ se Acchā), formally known as "Tarānah-i-Hindi" (Urdu: ترانۂ ہندی, Hindi: तराना-ए-हिंदी ; "Anthem of the People of India"), is an Urdu language patriotic song written for children by poet Muhammad Iqbal in the ghazal style of Urdu poetry.[a] The poem was published in the weekly journal Ittehad on 16 August 1904.[1] Publicly recited by Iqbal the following year at Government College, Lahore, British India (now in Pakistan) it quickly became an anthem of opposition to the British Raj. The song, an ode to Hindustan—the land comprising present-day Bangladesh, India and Pakistan, was later published in 1924 in the Urdu book Bang-i-Dara.[2]
The song has remained popular, especially in India. An abridged version is sung and played frequently as a patriotic song and as a marching song of the Indian Armed Forces. A satirical version of the same from a 1958 Hindi movie also remains popular.[3]
Its popular fast tempo tune was composed by Pandit Ravi Shankar in 1945 based on raga Mishra Pilu,[4] and it was set as a marching tune by Professor Antsher Lobo.[citation needed]
Contents
1 Text
2 English Translation
3 Composition
4 Iqbal's transformation and Tarana-e-Milli
5 Popularity in India and in popular culture
6 Notes and references
6.1 Notes
6.2 Citations
7 See also
8 External links
Text[edit]
Urdu Hindi Romanisation (ALA-LC)
سارے جہاں سے اچھا ہندوستاں ہمارا
ہم بلبلیں ہیں اس کی، یہ گلستاں ہمارا
غربت میں ہوں اگر ہم، رہتا ہے دل وطن میں
سمجھو وہیں ہمیں بھی دل ہو جہاں ہمارا
پربت وہ سب سے اونچا، ہمسایہ آسماں کا
وہ سنتری ہمارا، وہ پاسباں ہمارا
گودی میں کھیلتی ہیں اس کی ہزاروں ندیاں
گلشن ہے جن کے دم سے رشکِ جناں ہمارا
اے آبِ رودِ گنگا! وہ دن ہیں یاد تجھ کو؟
اترا ترے کنارے جب کارواں ہمارا
مذہب نہیں سکھاتا آپس میں بیر رکھنا
ہندی ہیں ہم، وطن ہے ہندوستاں ہمارا
یونان و مصر و روما سب مٹ گئے جہاں سے
اب تک مگر ہے باقی نام و نشاں ہمارا
کچھ بات ہے کہ ہستی مٹتی نہیں ہماری
صدیوں رہا ہے دشمن دورِ زماں ہمارا
اقبال! کوئی محرم اپنا نہيں جہاں میں
معلوم کیا کسی کو دردِ نہاں ہمارا!
सारे जहाँ से अच्छा हिन्दोसिताँ हमारा
हम बुलबुलें हैं इसकी यह गुलसिताँ हमारा
ग़ुर्बत में हों अगर हम, रहता है दिल वतन में
समझो वहीं हमें भी दिल हो जहाँ हमारा
परबत वह सबसे ऊँचा, हम्साया आसमाँ का
वह संतरी हमारा, वह पासबाँ हमारा
गोदी में खेलती हैं इसकी हज़ारों नदियाँ
गुल्शन है जिनके दम से रश्क-ए-जनाँ हमारा
ऐ आब-ए-रूद-ए-गंगा! वह दिन हैं याद तुझको?
उतरा तिरे किनारे जब कारवाँ हमारा
मज़्हब नहीं सिखाता आपस में बैर रखना
हिंदी हैं हम, वतन है हिन्दोसिताँ हमारा
यूनान-ओ-मिस्र-ओ-रूमा सब मिट गए जहाँ से
अब तक मगर है बाक़ी नाम-ओ-निशाँ हमारा
कुछ बात है कि हस्ती मिटती नहीं हमारी
सदियों रहा है दुश्मन दौर-ए-ज़माँ हमारा
इक़्बाल! कोई महरम अपना नहीं जहाँ में
मालूम क्या किसी को दर्द-ए-निहाँ हमारा !
Sāre jahāṉ se acchā, Hindositāṉ[5] hamārā
Ham bulbuleṉ haiṉ is kī, yih gulsitāṉ[5] hamārā
G̱ẖurbat meṉ hoṉ agar ham, rahtā hai dil wat̤an meṉ
Samjho wuhīṉ hameṉ bhī dil ho jahāṉ hamārā
Parbat wuh sab se ūṉchā, hamsāyah āsmāṉ kā
Wuh santarī hamārā, wuh pāsbāṉ hamārā
Godī meṉ kheltī haiṉ is kī hazāroṉ nadiyāṉ
Guls̱ẖan hai jin ke dam se ras̱ẖk-i janāṉ hamārā
Ai āb-i rūd-i Gangā! wuh din haiṉ yād tujh ko?
Utrā tire[6] kināre jab kārwāṉ hamārā
Maẕhab nahīṉ sikhātā āpas meṉ bair rakhnā
Hindī haiṉ ham, wat̤an hai Hindositāṉ hamārā
Yūnān o-Miṣr o-Rūmā, sab miṭ ga'e jahāṉ se
Ab tak magar hai bāqī, nām o-nis̱ẖaṉ hamārā
Kuch bāt hai kih hastī, miṭtī nahīṉ hamārī
Ṣadiyoṉ rahā hai dus̱ẖman daur-i zamāṉ hamārā
Iqbāl! ko'ī maḥram apnā nahīṉ jahāṉ meṉ
Maʿlūm kyā kisī ko dard-i nihāṉ hamārā!
English Translation[edit]
Better than the entire world, is our Hindustan,
We are its nightingales, and it (is) our garden abode
If we are in an alien place, the heart remains in the homeland,
Know us to be only there where our heart is.
That tallest mountain, that shade-sharer of the sky,
It (is) our sentry, it (is) our watchman
In its lap where frolic thousands of rivers,
Whose vitality makes our garden the envy of Paradise.
O the flowing waters of the Ganges, do you remember that day
When our caravan first disembarked on your waterfront?
Religion does not teach us to bear animosity among ourselves
We are of Hind, our homeland is Hindustan.
In a world in which ancient Greece, Egypt, and Rome have all vanished
Our own attributes (name and sign) live on today.
There is something about our existence for it doesn't get wiped
Even though, for centuries, the time-cycle of the world has been our enemy.
Iqbal! We have no confidant in this world
What does any one know of our hidden pain?
Composition[edit]
Iqbal was a lecturer at the Government College, Lahore at that time, and was invited by a student Lala Har Dayal to preside over a function. Instead of delivering a speech, Iqbal sang "Saare Jahan Se Achcha". The song, in addition to embodying yearning and attachment to the land of Hindustan, expressed "cultural memory" and had an elegiac quality. In 1905, the 27-year-old Iqbal viewed the future society of the subcontinent as both a pluralistic and composite Hindu-Muslim culture. Later that year he left for Europe for a three-year sojourn that was to transform him into an Islamic philosopher and a visionary of a future Islamic society.[2]
Iqbal's transformation and Tarana-e-Milli[edit]
In 1910, Iqbal wrote another song for children, "Tarana-e-Milli" (Anthem of the Religious Community), which was composed in the same metre and rhyme scheme as "Saare Jahan Se Achcha", but which renounced much of the sentiment of the earlier song.[7] The sixth stanza of "Saare Jahan Se Achcha" (1904), which is often quoted as proof of Iqbal's secular outlook:
Maẕhab nahīṉ sikhātā āpas meṉ bair rakhnā
Hindī haiṉ ham, wat̤an hai Hindūstāṉ hamārā
Religion does not teach us to bear ill-will among ourselves
We are of Hind, our homeland is Hindustan.
contrasted significantly with the first stanza of Tarana-e-Milli (1910) reads:[7]
Cīn o-ʿArab hamārā, Hindūstāṉ hamārā
Muslim haiṉ ham, wat̤an hai sārā jahāṉ hamārā
Central Asia[8] and Arabia are ours, Hindustan is ours
We are Muslims, the whole world is our homeland.[7]
Iqbal's world view had now changed; it had become both global and Islamic. Instead of singing of Hindustan, "our homeland," the new song proclaimed that "our homeland is the whole world."[9] Two decades later, in his presidential address to the Muslim League annual conference in Allahabad in 1930, he supported a separate nation-state in the Muslim majority areas of the sub-continent, an idea that inspired the creation of Pakistan.[10]
Popularity in India and in popular culture[edit]
Saare Jahan Se Achcha has remained popular in India for nearly a century. Mahatma Gandhi is said to have sung it over a hundred times when he was imprisoned at Yerawada Jail in Pune in the 1930s.[11]
In the 1930s and 1940s, it was sung to a slower tune. In 1945, while working in Mumbai with IPTA (Indian Peoples Theater Association), the sitarist Pandit Ravi Shankar was asked to compose the music for the K.A. Abbas movie Dharti ka Laal and the Chetan Anand movie Neecha Nagar. During this time, Ravi Shankar was asked to compose music for the song Saare jahan se accha. In an interview in 2009 with Shekhar Gupta, Ravi Shankar recounts that he felt that the existing tune was too slow and sad. To give it a more inspiring impact, he set it to a stronger tune which is today the popular tune of this song, which they then tried out as a group song.[12] It was later recorded by the singer Lata Mangeshkar to a 3rd altogether different tune. Stanzas (1), (3), (4), and (6) of the song became an unofficial national song in India,[1] and the Ravi Shankar version was adopted as the official quick march of the Indian Armed Forces.[13]
Rakesh Sharma, the first Indian astronaut, employed the first line of the song in 1984 to describe to then prime minister Indira Gandhi how India appeared from outer space.[14]
In his inaugural speech, the former prime minister of India Manmohan Singh quoted this poem at his first press conference after becoming the Prime Minister.[11]
The song is popular in India in schools, and as a marching song for the Indian armed forces, played during public events and parades.[2] It is played by the Armed forces Massed Bands each year for the Indian Independence day, republic day and at the culmination of Beating the Retreat).[15]
A parody of the song was written by the Urdu poet Sahir Ludhianvi for the 1958 Hindi film Phir Subah Hogi and sung by Mukesh. With the title "Cheeno arab hamara", the song drew the irony between the reality of life for the common and poor people, with the idealized context drawn in the original song.[3]
Notes and references[edit]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "'Taranah-e Hindi' (1904) was explicitly written as a patriotic song for children; Iqbal also composed a number of others meant for children, but this one has always been the most popular. This little ghazal, composed by the man widely considered to be the philosophical father of Pakistan, is now extremely popular—but only in India."[1]
Citations[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Pritchett, Frances. 2000. "Tarana-e-Hindi and Taranah-e-Milli: A Study in Contrasts." Columbia University Department of South Asian Studies.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Saare Jahan Se Accha: Facts about the song and its creator". India Today. 21 April 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Imam, Sharjeel (6 July 2016). "Sare Jahan Se Acha: The Idea of India in Early 20th Century Urdu Poetry". The Wire. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Jha, Subhash (14 December 2012). "Pandit Ravi Shankar composed 'Sare jahan se...': Gulzar". Times of India. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Here they are to be pronounced not Hindūstāṉ and gu-lis-tāṉ, respectively, as usual, but Hindositāṉ and gul-si-tāṉ, respectively, to suit the meter." From: Pritchett, F. 2004. "Taraanah-i-Hindii" Columbia University, Department of South Asian Studies.
Jump up ^ Pronounced "tiray" to suit the meter, in contrast to the usual "tayray." From: From: Pritchett, F. 2004. "Taraanah-i-Hindii" Columbia University, Department of South Asian Studies.
^ Jump up to: a b c Iqbal: Tarana-e-Milli, 1910. Columbia University, Department of South Asian Studies.
Jump up ^ Although "Chin" refers to China in modern Urdu, in Iqbal's day it referred to Central Asia, coextensive with historical Turkestan. See also, Iqbal: Tarana-e-Milli, 1910. Columbia University, Department of South Asian Studies.
Jump up ^ Pritchett, Frances. 2000. Tarana-e-Hindi and Tarana-e-Milli: A Close Comparison. Columbia University Department of South Asian Studies.
Jump up ^ A look at Iqbal; The Sunday Tribune – May 28, 2006
^ Jump up to: a b Times of India: Saare Jahan Se..., it's 100 now
Jump up ^ Gupta, Shekhar (5 December 2009). "Walk the talk - Interview with Pandit Ravi Shankar". NDTV. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
Jump up ^ Indian Military Marches.
Jump up ^ India Empowered to Me Is: Saare Jahan Se Achcha, the home of world citizens
Jump up ^ "Indian tunes to set mood at 'Beating Retreat' today". The Tribune. 29 January 2018. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
See also[edit]
Iqbal bibliography
Amar Shonar Bangla
Jana Gana Mana
Vande Mataram
Qaumi Tarana
National Pledge (India)
"Dil Dil Pakistan"
External links[edit]
"Tarana-e-Hindi at Rabia Memorial School, Fatehpur Mau (UP) India". 23 January 2013. (Children singing the complete lyrics of the song.)
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Kung Fu Panda 3
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Kung Fu Panda 3
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Jennifer Yuh Nelson
Alessandro Carloni
Produced by
Melissa Cobb
Written by
Jonathan Aibel
Glenn Berger
Starring
Jack Black
Bryan Cranston
Angelina Jolie
Dustin Hoffman
J. K. Simmons
Lucy Liu
Seth Rogen
David Cross
James Hong
Kate Hudson
Randall Duk Kim
Jackie Chan
Music by
Hans Zimmer[1]
Production
companies
DreamWorks Animation
Oriental DreamWorks
Distributed by
20th Century Fox
Release date
January 23, 2016 (2016-01-23) (China)
January 29, 2016 (2016-01-29) (United States)
Running time
95 minutes[2]
Country
United States
China
Language
English
Mandarin
Budget
$120-140 million[3][4]
Box office
$521.17 million[5][6]
Kung Fu Panda 3 is a 2016 3D computer-animated martial arts comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox. It is the third installment in the Kung Fu Panda franchise, and the sequel to 2011's Kung Fu Panda 2. In the film, Po enters the panda village and re-unites with his birth father and other pandas, but problems arise when a villainous spirit warrior, named Kai, returns to the mortal realm and steals chi from the kung fu masters. To prevent Kai from taking chi from all kung fu masters and pandas, Po forms the army of pandas to battle Kai's jade minions and Po must become a master of chi to defeat him and save his friends.
The film was directed by Jennifer Yuh Nelson and Alessandro Carloni and written by Jonathan Aibel and Glenn Berger. Jack Black, Dustin Hoffman, Angelina Jolie, Lucy Liu, Seth Rogen, David Cross, Jackie Chan and James Hong reprise their roles from the previous films with Randall Duk Kim reprising his role of Oogway from the first film. They are joined by Bryan Cranston, J. K. Simmons and Kate Hudson in the roles of Li Shan, Kai, and Mei Mei, respectively.
Kung Fu Panda 3 premiered on January 16, 2016, in Los Angeles.[7] It received a limited release in China on January 23 for a special three-hour sneak preview and was released in the United States on January 29 in 3D. The film received generally positive reviews while grossing $521 million worldwide against its $145 million budget.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Casting
3.3 Music
4 Release
5 Reception
5.1 Box office
5.2 Critical response
6 Video game
7 Possible sequels
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
In the spirit realm, Oogway fights against an adversary named Kai, who has defeated other kung fu masters in the realm and taken their chi. Oogway willingly gives in and also has his chi stolen, but not before warning Kai that the Dragon Warrior, Po, will stop him. Kai takes this as a challenge to steal the Dragon Warrior's chi and returns to the mortal realm.
Meanwhile, Master Shifu announces his retirement from teaching and passes the role of teacher to Po. An initially excited Po realizes that teaching kung fu is not as easy as he thought, and the Furious Five are injured as a result. Po is demoralized because of his failure, but Shifu advises Po that instead of trying to be a teacher, he should try to be himself. Po returns home where he meets a panda, Li Shan, whom they both realize is his long-lost biological father. They quickly bond with each other, much to the jealousy of Po's adoptive father, Mr. Ping.
After introducing Li to Shifu and his friends, Po and the Five defend the Valley of Peace from jade zombies that Kai has created from the chi of past kung fu masters. The team learns through research that in order to defeat Kai, Po must learn to master the use of chi himself, an ability utilized by ancient pandas. Li offers to teach him by taking him to his secret panda village home. Po and Li travel to the village while Shifu and the Furious Five stay behind to deal with Kai; Mr. Ping follows the pandas, worried that he will lose Po's affections to Li. Although Po is eager to learn chi, Li tells him he must first learn the relaxed life of a panda in the village.
Kai takes the chi of nearly every kung fu master in China, including Shifu and the Furious Five except Tigress, who warns the pandas of Kai's intention to steal their chi. Afraid, Li and the pandas prepare to run away. When Po demands that Li teach him how to use chi, Li confesses that he does not know how, and that he lied out of fear of losing his son again. Po is hurt over his father's misdirection and isolates himself to train vigorously to fight Kai; Mr. Ping, who realizes Po has become happier with Li being a part of his life, encourages Li and the other pandas to stay and ask Po to train them so they can fight back. Tigress confronts Po and tells him that he has no other way of defeating Kai. Po then laments that he will never win when Li, Mr. Ping and all the Pandas come and ask Po to train them to be his army. Realizing what had previously made him fail as a teacher, Po agrees and teaches them using their everyday activities as their assets.
Kai arrives and sends his jade zombie minions to capture Po, who sends the pandas, Ping, and Tigress upon them, distracting Kai. The plan works in holding off the army, but when Po tries to use his signature Wuxi Finger Hold on Kai to send him back to the spirit realm, Kai reveals that it can only work on mortals, not a spirit warrior like himself. Kai gains the upper hand in their fight, but Po uses the Wuxi Finger Hold again on himself while gripping Kai, transporting them both to the spirit realm. They fight again, with Kai regaining the advantage to subdue Po. Using what they learned from Po, Li, Tigress, Mr. Ping, and the pandas are able to use their chi to revive and empower him. Po harnesses their chi to create a giant dragon figure which he uses to overload Kai, causing him to explode, defeating him and restoring all of the fallen masters to normal.
In an ethereal golden pond, Oogway appears to Po and informs him that his journey as the Dragon Warrior has come full circle, declaring Po to be his true successor. By choice, Po wields a mystic jade yin-yang staff bestowed by Oogway to return to the mortal world. He and his extended family all return to the valley, where they continue practicing kung fu and their chi.
Cast[edit]
Main article: List of Kung Fu Panda characters
Jack Black as Po.[8]
Bryan Cranston as Li Shan.[9][8][10] He was briefly voiced by Fred Tatasciore in Kung Fu Panda 2.
Dustin Hoffman as Master Shifu.[11]
J.K. Simmons as Kai.[12]
Angelina Jolie as Master Tigress.[8]
Lucy Liu as Master Viper.[11]
Jackie Chan as Master Monkey.[11]
Seth Rogen as Master Mantis.[11]
David Cross as Master Crane.[11]
James Hong as Mr. Ping.[13]
Kate Hudson as Mei Mei.[9][8][14]
Randall Duk Kim as Grand Master Oogway.[11]
Steele Gagnon as Bao.[15]
Barbara Dirikson as Grandma Panda.
Jean-Claude Van Damme as Master Croc.
Fred Tatasciore as Master Bear.
Stephen Kearin as Master Chicken.
Wayne Knight as Big Fun, Hom-Lee.
Al Roker as Dim.
Willie Geist as Sum.
Pax Jolie-Pitt as Yoo.
Knox Jolie-Pitt as Ku Ku.
Zahara Jolie-Pitt as Meng Meng.
Shiloh Jolie-Pitt as Shuai Shuai.
Liam Knight as Lei Lei.
Ming Tsai as Ming.
Mike Mitchell as Male Palace Goose, Smart Panda Villager.
Kelly Cooney as Female Palace Goose.
Mick Wingert as Farmer Goose, Farmer Rabbit.
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
In 2010, DreamWorks Animation CEO Jeffrey Katzenberg announced that the Kung Fu Panda franchise was planned to have six movies, or "chapters", altogether.[16] In July 2012, Kung Fu Panda 3 was officially confirmed by Bill Damaschke, DWA's chief creative officer.[17]
The film was made as a co-production between DreamWorks Animation and Oriental DreamWorks, a Shanghai-based studio, founded in 2012 as a partnership between DreamWorks Animation and Chinese companies. One third of the film was made in China, and the rest in the United States, at DWA.[18][19] This was the first time that any major American animated feature film had been co-produced with a Chinese firm.[20] The filmmakers worked closely with SAPPRFT to ensure the film's release in China.[21] As a film with a co-production status in China, it allowed the production companies to circumvent the country's strict import quota and take a greater share of box-office revenue than imported films.[19][22] To ensure the film's success in China, in addition to the English version, the Chinese version of the film was also fully animated, making them the only versions that will have the characters' lips synchronized with their voices.[23]
Casting[edit]
Kung Fu Panda 3 saw the crew from the second film reunite, including director Jennifer Yuh Nelson, producer Melissa Cobb, screenplay writers Jonathan Aibel and Glenn Berger, and Guillermo del Toro as executive producer.[24] Initially, Nelson was directing the film alone, but by February 2015, Alessandro Carloni had joined her as a co-director. According to the report, Carloni, who was an animation supervisor on the first film and a story artist on the second, joined Nelson following her request to strengthen "the director's bench" to ensure that the film is completed in a timely manner.[25]
On April 9, 2013, DreamWorks Animation announced that Rebel Wilson, Bryan Cranston, and Mads Mikkelsen had joined the cast of the film.[8] By April 2015, J.K. Simmons had replaced Mikkelsen, whose character had been rewritten.[26] Five months later, Wilson was replaced by Kate Hudson due to an extended production schedule.[14] The studio had to reanimate previously completed scenes to reflect Hudson's interpretation of the character.[14]
The film's antagonist, Kai, is the first supernatural villain of the Kung Fu Panda series.[27] Described by del Toro as "the most formidable villain yet,"[28] the creators wanted him to stand apart from his predecessors.[27] Nelson reasoned: "You can't go brawler because Tai Lung was brawler. You can't go smarter because Shen was smarter. Where can you go? You have to go supernatural, bigger, and even more intimidating."[27]
Music[edit]
On July 25, 2014, it was announced that Hans Zimmer would return to score the film.[1] The score includes performances from renowned Asian musicians such as Chinese pianist Lang Lang, Chinese cellist Jian Wang, erhu musician Guo Gan, and Taiwanese pop singer Jay Chou and Canadian-Taiwanese young singer Patrick Brasca. The soundtrack album was released on January 22, 2016. [29] John Powell, who collaborated with Zimmer on the first two films, did not return for the third instalment.
Release[edit]
In September 2012, it was announced that Kung Fu Panda 3 would be released on March 18, 2016.[24] On April 9, 2013, the film's release date was moved forward to December 23, 2015.[8] In December 2014, the film was moved back to its original release date of March 18, 2016, to avoid competition with Star Wars: The Force Awakens.[30] In April 2015, the release date was once again shifted, this time to January 29, 2016.[31] AMC Theatres partnered with Fox and DWA to play the movie in Mandarin at seven theaters and in Spanish at 14 locations in the U.S and Canada meaning there will be a mix of subtitled and dubbed formats of Kung Fu Panda 3. This will mark the first time that AMC is playing a major theatrical release in dubbed/subtitled Mandarin.[32] The film had a day-and-date release starting from January 28 in South Korea, Russia, Ukraine, Jamaica and Puerto Rico and China and the U.S. and Canada on January 29, 2016. Other markets will follow on March and April.[33][34] According to Deadline.com, the strategy behind such a staggered release was to take advantage of certain opportunistic dates which presented themselves such as the Chinese New Year in February for China.[33]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
Kung Fu Panda 3 grossed $143.5 million in North America and $377.6 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $521.2 million, and is the lowest-grossing film in the series.[5] According to Deadline Hollywood, the film made a net profit of $76.65 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film, making it one of the top twenty most profitable release of 2016.[35]
In the United States and Canada, early tracking suggests the film would open to about $40–45 million from 3,955 theaters with Box Office Mojo reporting as high as $53 million opening, which is on par with Kung Fu Panda 2's $47.7 million opening in 2011 but much lower than the original film's $60.2 million opening in 2008.[32][36][37][34][38] However, DreamWorks Animation and Fox are being more conservative suggesting a "mid $40 million" opening.[36] Paul Dergarabedian, senior analyts at Rentrak said the film "should land somewhere between the first two installments" noting that after moviegoers – mostly from the East Coast – were affected by the 2016 United States blizzard, patrons, mostly families, would be on the look-out for entertainment movies which Kung Fu Panda 3 delivers.[37] On January 27, two days before the film's release, Fandango reported that Kung Fu Panda 3 was the top advance ticket seller for the weekend, outstripping previous DWA films Home as well as Kung Fu Panda 2 at the same point in their sale cycles.[32] Box office pundits also noted that the film didn't face any serious competition with its counterparts of newly released films such as The Finest Hours and Fifty Shades of Black, as well as holdovers The Revenant and Star Wars: The Force Awakens, as all are expected to gross around $10 million.[32] In China, expectations were high for the film with Nancy Tartaglione of Deadline.com reporting a bigger opening weekend than the U.S. and a bigger total gross. Conservative estimates for its Middle Kingdom opening were at $35 million and rising to well upwards of $50 million.[33] Even before the film's official release in China, it was already projected to emerge as the highest-grossing animated film there, a record currently held by Monkey King: Hero Is Back ($153 million),[39] since it had the added benefit of opening a week before the Chinese New Year, as well as Valentine's Day and debuting amidst the school holidays, the Lunar New Year blackout period in which foreign films are banned from entering the state meaning lesser competition and longer legs, and since it has the special privilege to run throughout the period and is also not limited to running 30 days in theaters.[33][39]
The film was released in China on January 22, 2016 in a limted release, a week before its United States release. It had a 3-hour special sneak preview where it earned $6.4 million from two different versions of the film[40] topping the daily box office charts.[41] This broke the previous Saturday preview record held by Surprise: Journey to the West.[33] Buoyed by good word-of-mouth,[39] it had a single day opening of $16.3 million which is the biggest of 2016 thus far and uncluding previews from its Saturday showings earned a total of $23.1 million which is one of the biggest opening and single day gross in China.[6]
Critical response[edit]
Kung Fu Panda 3 has received generally positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a rating of 86%, based on 161 reviews, with an average rating of 6.8/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Kung Fu Panda 3 boasts the requisite visual splendor, but like its rotund protagonist, this sequel's narrative is also surprisingly nimble, adding up to animated fun for the whole family".[42] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 66 out of 100, based on 22 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[43]
IGN gave the film score of 8.5 out of 10, saying, "Kung Fu Panda 3 offers a fun-filled, action-packed conclusion to DreamWorks' endearing animated series."[44]
Video game[edit]
Main article: Kung Fu Panda: Showdown of Legendary Legends
Kung Fu Panda: Showdown of Legendary Legends is a single and multiplayer RPG martial arts video game that features characters from all three Kung Fu Panda films.[45] Developed by Vicious Cycle Software and published by Little Orbit, the game was released on December 1, 2015 for Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Nintendo 3DS, Xbox One, and PlayStation 4.[46] The Wii U version was released on December 15, 2015.[46]
Possible sequels[edit]
On December 3, 2010, DreamWorks Animation CEO Jeffrey Katzenberg said that perhaps the series could see three more sequels after Kung Fu Panda 3, bringing it to a six-film series.[16]
In January 13, 2016, Collider asked the filmmakers of Kung Fu Panda 3 about the possibility of a fourth film.[47] Co-director Jennifer Yuh Nelson said, "It’s one at a time. We want to make this a perfect jewel, and then we’ll see what happens after that."[47] Co-director Alessandro Carloni said, "With the sequels, we don’t want to try to have them feel open-ended. We want it to feel like a completed journey, and we feel this movie does. And then, if a fantastic story presents itself, great."[47]
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Todd Cunningham (December 8, 2015). "'Kung Fu Panda 3' Key to DreamWorks Animation Comeback, President Says". The Wrap. Retrieved December 8, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Kung Fu Panda 3 (2016)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 27, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Scott Mendelson (January 29, 2016). "'Kung Fu Panda 3' China Box Office: A Huge $16.3M Debut For A Boffo $23.1M Total". Forbes. Retrieved January 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ Flores, Terry (January 16, 2016). "DreamWorks Animation Celebrates 'Kung Fu Panda 3' With Chinese Performers, Dragons and Noodles". Variety. Retrieved October 14, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f DreamWorks Animation (April 9, 2013). "DreamWorks Animation Packs A Powerful Punch With New Cast Additions For Kung Fu Panda 3" (Press release). PR Newswire. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Cooke, Nick (January 2015). "Living the Dream". Toy World. Retrieved March 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ Alexander, Bryan (June 10, 2015). "Sneak peek: 'Panda 3' amps up bear count". USA Today. Retrieved June 11, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Chitwood, Adam (April 23, 2015). "Synopses Revealed for KUNG FU PANDA 3, JOY, THE MARTIAN, and More". Collider.com. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
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Jump up ^ Gallagher, Brian (December 11, 2014). "'Kung Fu Panda 3' Gets New 2016 Release Date". MovieWeb. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c Kit, Borys (September 4, 2015). "Kate Hudson to Replace Rebel Wilson in 'Kung Fu Panda 3' (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Kung Fu Panda 3". DreamWorks Animation. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b O'Hara, Helen (December 3, 2010). "Katzenberg Talks DreamWorks Sequels". Empire. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved September 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ Oldham, Stuart; Maxwell, Erin (July 12, 2012). "Comic-Con: D'Works fires up 'Kung Fu Panda 3'". Variety. Retrieved July 12, 2012.
Jump up ^ "DreamWorks Animation SKG Management Discusses Q3 2012 Results - Earnings Call Transcript". Seeking Alpha. November 1, 2012. Retrieved November 26, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Tsui, Clarence (June 17, 2013). "'Kung Fu Panda 3' to Begin Production in August". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved June 17, 2013.
Jump up ^ DreamWorks Animation (August 6, 2012). "Rising Dreams in the Orient: Oriental DreamWorks To Establish Headquarters in Xuhui" (Press release). PR Newswire. Archived from the original on December 4, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2014.
Jump up ^ Michael Cieply; Brooks Barnes (January 14, 2013). "To Get Movies Into China, Hollywood Gives Censors a Preview". The New York Times. Retrieved January 15, 2013.
Jump up ^ Jaafar, Ali (January 23, 2015). "'Kung Fu Panda 3′ To Get China Co-Production Status". Deadline. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ Frater, Patrick (April 19, 2015). "Jeffrey Katzenberg Pumps Up 'Panda 3,' Puts Down Deal Talk". Variety. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b DreamWorks Animation SKG (September 9, 2012). "New Distributor Twentieth Century Fox Unveils DreamWorks Animation's Release Slate Through 2016" (Press release). PR Newswire. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ Patten, Dominic (February 24, 2015). "'Kung Fu Panda 3′ Gets Co-Director As DWA Looks To Shore Up Franchises". Deadline. Retrieved February 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ den Hartog, Max (April 27, 2015). "Mads Mikkelsen Leaves 'Kung fu Panda 3′ Voice Cast + More New Details!". Rotoscopers. Retrieved April 27, 2015. The studio confirmed that Mads Mikkelsen is indeed no longer on the project, but because his character has been rewritten.
^ Jump up to: a b c Smith, C. Molly (July 28, 2015). "Kung Fu Panda 3 filmmaker explains why Kai is the series' first supernatural villain". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ Chitwood, Adam (November 12, 2012). "Guillermo del Toro Talks Puss in Boots 2, Kung Fu Panda 3 & Trollhunters; Says Panda 3 Has the 'Most Formidable Villain in the Series'". Collider.com. Retrieved November 12, 2012.
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^ Jump up to: a b c d Anthony D'Alessandro (January 27, 2016). "'Kung Fu Panda 3' Will Dig Box Office Out Of The Snow With $40M+ Opening – Preview". Deadline.com. Retrieved January 28, 2016.
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^ Jump up to: a b c Jonathan Papish (January 29, 2016). "On Screen China: Let the Bear Hug Commence—'Kung Fu Panda 3'". China Film Insider. Retrieved January 29, 2016.
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External links[edit]
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An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the film, see An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge (film). For the American Dad! episode, see An Incident at Owl Creek.
"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge"
Author
Ambrose Bierce
Country
United States
Language
English
Genre(s)
Short story
First publisher
The San Francisco Examiner, July 13, 1890
Also published in
Tales of Soldiers and Civilians (1891)
Online
Available at the Internet Archive
"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" (1890) is a short story by the American writer and Civil War veteran Ambrose Bierce.[1] Regarded as "one of the most famous and frequently anthologized stories in American literature",[2] it was originally published by The San Francisco Examiner on July 13, 1890, and was first collected in Bierce's book Tales of Soldiers and Civilians (1891). The story, which is set during the American Civil War, is known for its irregular time sequence and twist ending. Bierce's abandonment of strict linear narration in favor of the internal mind of the protagonist is an early example of the stream of consciousness narrative mode.[3]
The French director Robert Enrico won Best Short Subject at the 1962 Cannes Film Festival, and the 1963 Academy Award for Live Action Short Film, for his 27-minute film, La Rivière du hibou (1962), based on the story.[4][5]
Author Kurt Vonnegut wrote in 2005: "I consider anybody a twerp who hasn't read the greatest American short story, which is '[An] Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge,' by Ambrose Bierce. It isn't remotely political. It is a flawless example of American genius, like 'Sophisticated Lady' by Duke Ellington or the Franklin stove."[6]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot summary
2 Themes
3 Stories with similar structure
4 Adaptations
4.1 Movies, television, and videos
4.2 Radio
4.3 Stage
4.4 Other
5 Influence
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
Plot summary[edit]
Peyton Farquhar, a plantation owner in his mid-thirties, is being prepared for execution by hanging from an Alabama railroad bridge during the American Civil War. Six military men and a company of infantrymen are present, guarding the bridge and carrying out the sentence. Farquhar thinks of his wife and children and is then distracted by a noise that, to him, sounds like an unbearably loud clanging; it is actually the ticking of his watch. He considers the possibility of jumping off the bridge and swimming to safety if he can free his tied hands, but the soldiers drop him from the bridge before he can act on the idea.
In a flashback, Farquhar and his wife are relaxing at home one evening when a soldier rides up to the gate. Farquhar, a supporter of the Confederacy, learns from him that Union troops have seized the Owl Creek railroad bridge and repaired it. The soldier suggests that Farquhar might be able to burn the bridge down if he can slip past its guards. He then leaves, but doubles back after nightfall to return north the way he came. The soldier is actually a disguised Union scout who has lured Farquhar into a trap, as any civilian caught interfering with the railroads will be hanged.
The story returns to the present, and the rope around Farquhar's neck breaks when he falls from the bridge into the creek. He frees his hands, pulls the noose away, and surfaces to begin his escape. His senses now greatly sharpened, he dives and swims downstream to avoid rifle and cannon fire. Once he is out of range, he leaves the creek to begin the journey to his home, 30 miles away. Farquhar walks all day long through a seemingly endless forest, and that night he begins to hallucinate, seeing strange constellations and hearing whispered voices in an unknown language. He travels on, urged by the thought of his wife and children despite the pains caused by his ordeal. The next morning, after having apparently fallen asleep while walking, he finds himself at the gate to his plantation. He rushes to embrace his wife, but before he can do so, he feels a heavy blow upon the back of his neck; there is a loud noise and a flash of white, and "then all is darkness and silence".
It is revealed that Farquhar never escaped at all; he imagined the entire third part of the story during the time between falling through the bridge and the noose breaking his neck.
Themes[edit]
Ambrose Bierce, c. 1866
This short story demonstrates that there is no romance or glory in war. The word "occurrence" in the title of the story demonstrates how common the loss of life is within war, lessening the perceived value of those human lives. Farquhar's fantasy demonstrates the danger of having illusions about war, because war is not a love story that ends with running to one's wife's arms; it has ruthless and pitiless punishment.
Another theme present is that of "dying with dignity". The story shows the reader that the perception of "dignity" provides no mitigation for the deaths that occur in warfare. The final idea is the idea of psychological escape right before death. Farquhar experiences an intense delusion to distract him from his inevitable death. The moment of horror that the readers experience at the end of the piece, when they realize that he dies, reflects the distortion of reality that Farquhar encounters.[7]
Since it is not (only) the narrator who tells a story but (also) the reader him- or herself, another aspect is of considerable importance here. As he himself once put it, (bitter) Bierce detested "... bad readers—readers who, lacking the habit of analysis, lack also the faculty of discrimination, and take whatever is put before them, with the broad, blind catholicity of a slop-fed conscience of a parlor pig".[8] Farquhar was duped by a Federal scout—and cursory readers on their part are successfully duped by the author who makes them think they are witnessing Farquhar's lucky escape from the gallows. Instead, they only witness the hallucination of such an escape taking place in the character's unconscious mind which is governed by the instinct of self-preservation. In retrospect we see that the title—if taken literally—from the outset provides the readers with the information that there will not be any change of scenery at all because simply an occurrence at that bridge is announced.
The entire story might well be read as a parable: We are all doomed, and whatever frantic attempts we make to gain our personal salvation—in our final moment there will be no epiphany but only its absolute opposite and negation, just "darkness and silence". This is Bierce's rejection of the Christian thesis of man's final redemption, and it is the ultimate symbol of the futility of human aspiration. Farquhar's miserable end illustrates a most extreme discrepancy between aspiration and reality.
Stories with similar structure[edit]
The plot device of a long period of subjective time passing in an instant, such as the imagined experiences of Farquhar while falling, has been explored by several authors.[9] An early literary antecedent appears in the Tang dynasty tale, The Governor of Nanke, by Li Gongzuo. Another medieval antecedent is Don Juan Manuel's Tales of Count Lucanor, Chapter XII (c 1335), "Of that which happened to a Dean of Santiago, with Don Illan, the Magician, who lived at Toledo", in which a life happens in an instant.[10][11] Charles Dickens' essay "A Visit to Newgate" wherein a man dreams he has escaped his death sentence has been speculated as a possible source for the story.[12]
Bierce's story highlighted the idea of subjective time passing at the moment of death and popularized the fictional device of false narrative continuation, which has been in wide circulation ever since then. Notable examples of this technique from the early-to-mid 20th century include H.G. Wells's The Door in the Wall (1906) and "The Beautiful Suit" (1909), Vladimir Nabokov's "Details of a Sunset" (1924) and "The Aurelian" (1930), Jorge Luis Borges's "The Secret Miracle" (1944) and "The South" (1949), William Golding's Pincher Martin (1956), Terry Gilliam's Brazil(1985) as well as Julio Cortázar's "The Island at Midday," and Leo Perutz's "From Nine to Nine".
Among more recent works, David Lynch's later films have been compared to "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge", although they also have been interpreted as the Möbius strip storylines.[13][14] A particularly strong inspiration for the 1990 film Jacob's Ladder, for both Bruce Joel Rubin and Adrian Lyne, was Robert Enrico's 1962 short film An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge,[15] one of Lyne's favourite movies.[16] Tobias Wolff's short story "Bullet in the Brain" (1995) reveals the protagonist's past through relating what he remembers—and does not—in the millisecond after he is fatally shot. John Shirley's 1999 short story "Occurrence at Owl Street Ridge" about a depressed housewife is modeled after Bierce's story and Bierce plays a minor role in it.
The Star Trek: The Next Generation episode "The Inner Light" featured a similar plot where Captain Picard experiences an entire lifetime on an alien world in the span of a few minutes of objective time.
Adaptations[edit]
Several adaptations of "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" have been produced.
Movies, television, and videos[edit]
The Spy (also released as The Bridge) was a silent movie adaptation of the story, directed in 1929 by Charles Vidor.
A TV version of the story starring British actor Ronald Howard was telecast in 1959 during the fifth season of the Alfred Hitchcock Presents television anthology series.
La rivière du hibou ("The Owl River"), a French version directed by Robert Enrico and produced by Marcel Ichac and Paul de Roubaix, was released in 1963. It won the award for best short subject at the 1962 Cannes film festival and won an Oscar at the 1963 Academy Awards for best live-action short.[17] In 1964 La rivière du hibou aired on American television as an episode of the anthology series The Twilight Zone.
In 2006, the DVD Ambrose Bierce: Civil War Stories was released, which contains adaptations of three of Ambrose Bierce's short stories, among them "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" directed by Brian James Egan. The DVD also contains an extended version of the story with more background and detail than the one included in the trilogy.
Owl Creek Bridge, a 2008 short film by director John Giwa-Amu, won the BAFTA Cymru Award for best short. The story was adapted to follow the last days of Khalid, a young boy who is caught by a gang of racist youths.
"An Incident at Owl Creek" was a 2010 episode of the TV series American Dad!
The 2010 Babybird music video "Unloveable", directed by Johnny Depp, retells the Owl Creek Bridge story.
The 2011 Grouplove music video "Colours" also retells the Owl Creek Bridge story.
A 2013 short film, The Exit Room, starring Christopher Abbott as a journalist in a war-torn 2021 United States, is based on the story.[18]
In Bon Jovi's video clip for the song "Dyin' Ain't Much Of A Livin'," the Owl Creek Bridge story is featured.
Radio[edit]
In 1936, the radio series The Columbia Workshop broadcast an adaptation of "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge".[19]
William N. Robson's first script adaptation was broadcast on Escape December 10, 1947, starring Harry Bartell as Peyton Farquhar.[20]
Suspense broadcast three different versions, all with slightly different scripts by William N. Robson:
the first on December 9, 1956, starring Joseph Cotten as Peyton Farquhar;
the second on December 15, 1957, starring Victor Jory as Farquhar;
and the third on July 9, 1959, starring Vincent Price as Farquhar.[21]
CBS Radio Mystery Theater broadcast an adaptation by Sam Dann on June 4, 1974 (repeated on August 24, 1974, and September 15, 1979) starring William Prince.[22]
Winifred Phillips narrated and composed original music for an abridged version of the story for the Tales by American Masters radio series, produced by Winnie Waldron on May 29, 2001.
The Twilight Zone Radio Dramas (2002) broadcast an adaptation of the story by M. J. Eliot directed by JoBe Cerny, starring Christian Stolte as Farquhar and featuring Stacy Keach as the narrator.[23]
Stage[edit]
Scottish composer Thea Musgrave composed an opera, An Occurrence at Owl Street Bridge, which was broadcast by the BBC in 1981.
An Occurrence Remembered, a theatrical retelling of Bierce's An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge and Chickamauga, premiered in the fall of 2001 in New York City under the direction of Lorin Morgan-Richards and lead choreographer Nicole Cavaliere.[24]
Other[edit]
Issue #23 of the comics magazine Eerie, published in September 1969 by Warren Publishing, contained an adaptation of the story.
Influence[edit]
The story's irregular time sequence and "blink-of-an-eye" twist ending has inspired numerous works, including:
The plot of the radio play "Present Tense", written by James Poe, starring Vincent Price and broadcast on Escape on January 31, 1950, has similarities to An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge. The same script was used (with Price again starring) on Suspense on March 3, 1957.[25]
The album Stampede from The Doobie Brothers includes a track called "I Cheat the Hangman", authored by Patrick Simmons and released November 12, 1975. It is a somber outlaw ballad that was inspired by the story "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge". "It's about a ghost returning to his home after the Civil War and not realizing he's dead," said Simmons about the song.
The 1985 film Brazil has a similar final act.[26]
The fourteenth track on Bressa Creeting Cake's self-titled 1997 album is entitled "Peyton Farquhar".
The heavy metal band Deceased retold the tale in the song "The Hanging Soldier" on its 2000 album Supernatural Addiction.
The film The Descent from 2005 has a similar final act.
The 2002 Spike Lee film 25th Hour engages in an extended version of this idea as Monty is being taken to prison by his dad.
Adam Young has said that this story was the inspiration for the name of his 2007 electronica musical project, Owl City.[27]
The Escapist is a 2008 film directed by Rupert Wyatt. In an interview with Trevor Groth, Wyatt said "The structure of the film's plot was inspired by a well known short story written in the 19th century by Ambrose Bierce called 'An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge'." In the final scene, Frank Perry visits Rizza's cell, brings the book, and says he must have read it about a dozen times.
In The Simpsons, season 25, episode 6, "The Kid Is All Right" (2013), Lisa Simpson's campaign speech is cut short when she notices the shadow of a noose around her neck, explained by Mr. Largo as a prop for the school's production of "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge".
In an interview with Afterbuzz, Teen Wolf writer and creator Jeff Davis said that the final sequence of the Season 3 finale (2104) was inspired by "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge".
The song Mendokusai on Tellison's 2015 album Hope Fading Nightly features the refrain "We are all broken necked, swinging from the timbers of Owl Creek Bridge."
In Black Mirror, season 3, episode 2, "Playtest" (2016), involves a similar plot point.
The 2017 movie, 47 Meters Down, follows a similar end structure, with the main character's "rescue" ending up being a figment of her imagination.
In Scrubs, the episode "My Occurrence" has a similar plot structure, where the main character J.D. believes that a clerical mistake was made with his patient Ben. J.D. spends the entire episode trying to get it rectified, only to realize at the end that this was all a fantasy to avoid the reality that Ben had been diagnosed with leukemia. The episode's title is also a reference to the story.
See also[edit]
"The Swimmer"
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Bierce, Ambrose (2012). "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge". An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge and Other Stories. Courier Corporation. p. 7ff.
Jump up ^ "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge: Ambrose Bierce". in Joseph Palmisano, ed. Short Story Criticism, volume 72. Farmington Hills, MI: Thomson Gale, 2004, p. 2.
Jump up ^ Khanom, Afruza (Spring 2013). "Silence as Literary Device in Ambrose Bierce's 'The Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge.' Teaching American Literature: A Journal of Theory and Practice. 6.1: 45–52.
Jump up ^ "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 23 October 2008.
Jump up ^ Pulleine, Tim (28 February 2001). "Robert Enrico". The Guardian.
Jump up ^ Vonnegut, Kurt (2005). "Do You Know What a Twerp Is?", A Man Without a Country, New York: Seven Stories Press, pp. 7–8.
Jump up ^ "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge Themes - eNotes.com". eNotes. Retrieved 2016-11-01.
Jump up ^ Prattle, The San Francisco Argonaut, 22 June 1878, as quoted in F.J. Logan The Wry Seriousness of Owl Creek Bridge in: American Literary Realism, 10, No. 2 (Spring 1977), pp. 101-113.
Jump up ^ Ambrose Bierce's "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge": an annotated critical edition. Robert C. Evans ed. 2003, Locust Hill Press, West Cornwall, CT. ISBN 0-9722289-6-9.
Jump up ^ Juan Manuel, Prince of Villena, Tales of Count Lucanor, https://archive.org/stream/countlucanororfi00juaniala/countlucanororfi00juaniala_djvu.txt
Jump up ^ This story was rewritten by Jorge Luis Borges in "The Wizard Postponed", in his book A Universal History of Infamy (1935).
Jump up ^ Tabachnick, Stephen. "A Possible Source for Ambrose Bierce's "An Occurrence at Owlcreek Bridge." ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes, and Reviews.26.1 (2013): 45–48. Print.
Jump up ^ "Thain". Retrieved 13 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "Metaphilm ::: Reading Inland Empire". Retrieved 13 February 2017.
Jump up ^ Bruce Joel Rubin, Jacob's Ladder, Applause Theatre & Cinema Books, 1990
Jump up ^ Hartl, John (1990-11-01). "Adrian Lyne Met A Metaphysical Challenge". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 2010-02-06.
Jump up ^ "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge (1962)". NY Times. Retrieved 2010-01-09.
Jump up ^ "The Exit Room". Retrieved 2014-05-04.
Jump up ^ Buxton, Frank and Owen, Bill. The Big Broadcast: 1920-1950, New York, Avon Books, 1973, p. 56.
Jump up ^ ""An Occurrance[sic] at Owl Creek Bridge"". Escape and Suspense. 2008-04-06. Retrieved 2017-04-21.
Jump up ^ ""An Occurrance[sic] at Owl Creek Bridge"". Escape and Suspense. 2008-04-06. Retrieved 2017-04-21.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-03-10.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-03-12. Retrieved 2016-03-10.
Jump up ^ Civil War Times Illustrated, December 2001
Jump up ^ "Escape and Suspense!: Escape - Present Tense". Retrieved 13 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "When the Dead Dream: Films Inspired by 'An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge' - Cineleet". Retrieved 13 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "Why I Call Myself Owl City". Adam Young Blog. Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2015-12-16.
Further reading[edit]
Barrett, Gerald R. (1973). From Fiction to Film: An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge. Encino, CA: Dickenson Publishing. ISBN 978-0-822100-83-6.
Blume, Donald T. (2004). Ambrose Bierce's Civilians and Soldiers in Context: A Critical Study. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press. ISBN 0-87338-790-2.
Evans, Robert C. (2003). Ambrose Bierce's Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge: An Annotated Critical Edition. West Cornwall, CT: Locust Hill Press. ISBN 978-0-972228-96-1.
Owens, David M. (1994). "Bierce and Biography: The Location of Owl Creek Bridge". American Literary Realism, 1870–1910 26(3), pp. 82–89. (Online edition hosted by the Ambrose Bierce Project)
Stoicheff, Peter. (1993). "'Something Uncanny': The Dream Structure in Ambrose Bierce's 'An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge'". Studies In Short Fiction, 30(3), 349–358.
Talley, Sharon. (2010). Ambrose Bierce and the Dance of Death. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 978-1-57233-690-2.
Yost, David. (2007). "Skins Before Reputations: Subversions of Masculinity in Ambrose Bierce and Stephen Crane". War, Literature & the Arts: An International Journal of the Humanities, 19(1/2), 247–260.
External links[edit]
The full text of An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge at Wikisource
Media related to An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge at Wikimedia Commons
"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge", collected in In the Midst of Life at Internet Archive (scanned books original editions)
"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" at Project Gutenberg (plain text and HTML)
Ambrose Bierce's "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge". An Annotated Critical Edition
Photographs of Sulfur Creek Trestle, the actual location which inspired Owl Creek Bridge.
An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge public domain audiobook at LibriVox
[hide]
v
t
e
Works by Ambrose Bierce
Books
Tales of Soldiers and Civilians (1891)
The Devil's Dictionary (1906)
A Vision of Doom (1980)
Short stories
"A Psychological Shipwreck" (1879)
"Killed at Resaca" (1887)
"An Inhabitant of Carcosa" (1886)
"One of the Missing" (1888)
"A Tough Tussle" (1888)
"An Unfinished Race" (1888)
"One of Twins" (1888)
"A Horseman in the Sky" (1889)
"The Spook House" (1889)
"The Middle Toe of the Right Foot" (1890)
"The Man and the Snake" (1890)
"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" (1890)
"The Realm of the Unreal" (1890)
"The Boarded Window" (1891)
"The Secret of Macarger's Gulch" (1891)
"The Death of Halpin Frayser" (1891)
"The Damned Thing" (1893)
"The Eyes of the Panther" (1897)
"Moxon's Master" (1899)
"The Moonlit Road" (1907)
"Beyond the Wall" (1907)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 177631555
LCCN: no98056032
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1890 short stories
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This page was last edited on 12 April 2018, at 03:10.
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