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Canadian Shield
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Canadian Shield
Stratigraphic range: Precambrian
Had'n
Archean
Proterozoic
Pha.
Type
Shield
Unit of
North American craton
Sub-units
Laurentian Upland
Kazan[1]
Area
8 000 000 km2[2]
Location
Region
North America
Country
Canada
United States

The Canadian Shield is a broad region of Precambrian rock (pictured in shades of red) that encircles Hudson Bay. It spans eastern, northeastern, and east-central Canada and the upper midwestern United States.
The Canadian Shield, also called the Laurentian Plateau, or Bouclier canadien (French), is a large area of exposed Precambrian igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks (geological shield) that forms the ancient geological core of the North American continent (the North American Craton or Laurentia). Composed of igneous rock resulting from its long volcanic history, the area is covered by a thin layer of soil.[3] With a deep, common, joined bedrock region in eastern and central Canada, it stretches north from the Great Lakes to the Arctic Ocean, covering over half of Canada; it also extends south into the northern reaches of the United States. Human population is sparse, and industrial development is minimal,[4] while mining is prevalent.
Contents
[hide]
1 Geographical extent
2 Geology
3 Ecology
4 Mining and economics
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
Geographical extent[edit]
The Canadian Shield is a physiographic division, consisting of five smaller, physiographic provinces: the Laurentian Upland, Kazan Region, Davis, Hudson and James.[1] The shield extends into the United States as the Adirondack Mountains (connected by the Frontenac Axis) and the Superior Upland. The Canadian Shield is U-shaped and is a subsection of the Laurentia craton signifying the area of greatest glacial impact (scraping down to bare rock) creating the thin soils. The Canadian Shield is more than 3.96 billion years old. The Canadian Shield once had jagged peaks, higher than any of today's mountains, but millions of years of erosion have changed these mountains to rolling hills.[5]
The Canadian Shield is a collage of Archean plates and accreted juvenile arc terranes and sedimentary basins of the Proterozoic Eon that were progressively amalgamated during the interval 2.45 to 1.24 Ga, with the most substantial growth period occurring during the Trans-Hudson orogeny, between ca. 1.90 to 1.80 Ga.[6] The Canadian Shield was the first part of North America to be permanently elevated above sea level and has remained almost wholly untouched by successive encroachments of the sea upon the continent. It is the Earth's greatest area of exposed Archean rock. The metamorphic base rocks are mostly from the Precambrian Supereon (between 4.5 billion and 540 million years ago), and have been repeatedly uplifted and eroded. Today it consists largely of an area of low relief 300 to 610 m (980 to 2,000 ft) above sea level with a few monadnocks and low mountain ranges (including the Torngat and Laurentian Mountains) probably eroded from the plateau during the Cenozoic Era. During the Pleistocene Epoch, continental ice sheets depressed the land surface (see Hudson Bay), scooped out thousands of lake basins, and carried away much of the region's soil.
When the Greenland section is included, the Shield is approximately circular, bounded on the northeast by the northeast edge of Greenland, with Hudson Bay in the middle. It covers much of Greenland, Labrador, most of Quebec north of the St. Lawrence River, much of Ontario including northern sections of the southern peninsula between the Great Lakes, the Adirondack Mountains[7] of New York, the northernmost part of Lower Michigan and all of Upper Michigan, northern Wisconsin, northeastern Minnesota, the central/northern portions of Manitoba away from Hudson Bay, northern Saskatchewan, a small portion of northeastern Alberta,[8] and the mainland northern Canadian territories to the east of a line extended north from the Saskatchewan/Alberta border (Northwest Territories and Nunavut).[2] In total, the exposed area of the Shield covers approximately 8,000,000 km2 (3,088,817 sq mi). The true extent of the Shield is greater still and stretches from the Western Cordillera in the west to the Appalachians in the east and as far south as Texas, but these regions are overlaid with much younger rocks and sediment. The underlying rock structure also includes Hudson Bay.
Canadian Shield geography in the Flin Flon, Manitoba region. The lake in the background is Big Island Lake.
Geology[edit]
Weathered Precambrian pillow lava in the Temagami Greenstone Belt
The Canadian Shield is among the oldest on earth, with regions dating from 2.5 to 4.2 billion years.[9] The multitude of rivers and lakes in the entire region is caused by the watersheds of the area being so young and in a state of sorting themselves out with the added effect of post-glacial rebound. The Shield was originally an area of very large, very tall mountains (about 12,000 metres or 39,000 feet)[10] with much volcanic activity, but over hundreds of millions of years, the area has been eroded to its current topographic appearance of relatively low relief.[citation needed] It has some of the oldest (extinct) volcanoes on the planet.[citation needed] It has over 150 volcanic belts (now deformed and eroded down to nearly flat plains) whose bedrock ranges from 600 to 1200 million years old.[citation needed]
Each belt probably grew by the coalescence of accumulations erupted from numerous vents, making the tally of volcanoes reach the hundreds. Many of Canada's major ore deposits are associated with Precambrian volcanoes.
The Sturgeon Lake Caldera in Kenora District, Ontario, is one of the world's best preserved mineralized Neoarchean caldera complexes, which is 2.7 billion years old.[11] The Canadian Shield also contains the Mackenzie dike swarm, which is the largest dike swarm known on Earth.[12]
Typical Canadian Shield: spruce, lakes, bogs, and rock.
Mountains have deep roots and float on the denser mantle much like an iceberg at sea. As mountains erode, their roots rise and are eroded in turn. The rocks that now form the surface of the Shield were once far below the Earth's surface.
The high pressures and temperatures at those depths provided ideal conditions for mineralization. Although these mountains are now heavily eroded, many large mountains still exist in Canada's far north called the Arctic Cordillera. This is a vast deeply dissected mountain range, stretching from northernmost Ellesmere Island to the northernmost tip of Labrador. The range's highest peak is Nunavut's Barbeau Peak at 2,616 metres (8,583 ft) above sea level.[13] Precambrian rock is the major component of the bedrock.
The North American craton is the bedrock forming the heart of the North American continent and the Canadian Shield is the largest exposed part of the craton's bedrock.
The Canadian Shield is part of an ancient continent called Arctica, which was formed about 2.5 billion years ago during the Neoarchean era. It was split into Greenland, Laurentia, Scotland and Siberia and is now roughly situated in the Arctic around the current North Pole.
Ecology[edit]
The current surface expression of the Shield is one of very thin soil lying on top of the bedrock, with many bare outcrops. This arrangement was caused by severe glaciation during the ice age, which covered the Shield and scraped the rock clean.
The lowlands of the Canadian Shield have a very dense soil that is not suitable for forestation; it also contains many marshes and bogs (muskegs). The rest of the region has coarse soil that does not retain moisture well and is frozen with permafrost throughout the year. Forests are not as dense in the north.
Typical landscape in a southern Ontario region with very few old growth trees, due to a history of logging and fires. Black River, Queen Elizabeth II Wildlands Provincial Park.
The Shield is covered in parts by vast boreal forests in the south that support natural ecosystems as well as a major logging industry. This boreal forest area includes ecoregions such as the Eastern Canadian Shield taiga that covers northern Quebec and most of Labrador, and the Midwestern Canadian Shield forests that run westwards from Northwestern Ontario. Hydrographical drainage is generally poor, the soil compacting effects of glaciation being one of the many causes. Tundra typically prevails in the northern regions. Many mammals such as caribou, white-tailed deer, moose, wolves, wolverines, weasels, mink, otters, grizzly bear, polar bears and black bears are present.[14] In the case of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) the Shield area contains many of the denning locations such as the Wapusk National Park.[15]
Mining and economics[edit]
The Canadian Shield is one of the world's richest areas in terms of mineral ores. It is filled with substantial deposits of nickel, gold, silver, and copper. Throughout the Shield there are many mining towns extracting these minerals. The largest, and one of the best known, is Sudbury, Ontario. Sudbury is an exception to the normal process of forming minerals in the Shield since the Sudbury Basin is an ancient meteorite impact crater. Ejecta from the meteorite impact was found in the Rove Formation in May 2007. The nearby, but less known Temagami Magnetic Anomaly, has striking similarities to the Sudbury Basin. This suggests it could be a second metal-rich impact crater.[16]
In northeastern Quebec, the giant Manicouagan Reservoir is the site of an extensive hydroelectric project (Manic-cinq, or Manic-5). This is one of the largest-known meteorite impact craters on Earth.
The Flin Flon greenstone belt in central Manitoba and east-central Saskatchewan is one of the largest Paleoproterozoic volcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VMS) districts in the world, containing 27 copper-zinc-(gold) deposits from which more than 183 million tons[clarification needed] of sulfide have been mined.[17]
The Shield, particularly the portion in the Northwest Territories, has recently been the site of several major diamond discoveries. The kimberlite pipes in which the diamonds are found are closely associated with cratons, which provide the deep lithospheric mantle required to stabilize diamond as a mineral. The kimberlite eruptions then bring the diamonds from over 150 kilometres (93 mi) depth to the surface. Currently the Ekati and Diavik mines are actively mining kimberlite diamonds.
See also[edit]
Geography of Canada portal
Athabasca Basin
Platform
Oldest rock
Basement
Platform basement
Volcanology of Canada
Glacial history of Minnesota
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b The Atlas of Canada. "Physiographic Regions Map" (JP2). Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved 2017-08-01.
^ Jump up to: a b Encyclopædia Britannica. "Canadian Shield". Archived from the original on 2015-06-24. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
Jump up ^ Stephen Marshak. Essentials of Geology. 3rd ed.
Jump up ^ "Canadian Shield Archived 2006-08-21 at the Wayback Machine." in Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed., 2005.
Jump up ^ James-Abra, Erin. "Canadian Shield". Canadian Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 11 January 2018. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Corrigan, D. (2008). "Metallogeny and Tectonic Evolution of the Trans-Hudson Orogen" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 9, 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-05.
Jump up ^ Peterson Field Guide to Geology of Eastern North America by Roberts, David & Roger Tory Peterson.
Jump up ^ Alberta Heritage - Alberta Online Encyclopedia Archived 2010-12-08 at Archive-It - The Canadian Shield Region of Alberta
Jump up ^ Tsuyoshi Iizuka, at al., Geology and Zircon Geochronolgy of the Acasta Gneiss Complex, Precambrian Research, 153 (2007) pp. 179 - 208
Jump up ^ Clark, Bruce W. (1999). "Geologic History". Making Connections: Canada's geography. Scarborough, Ontario: Prentice Hall Ginn Canada. p. 95. ISBN 0-13-012635-7.
Jump up ^ Caldera Volcanoes Archived 2012-06-16 at WebCite Retrieved on 2007-07-20
Jump up ^ Mark Pilkington and Walter R. Roest, Removing varying directional trends in aeromagnetic data, Geophysics, vol. 63 no. 2 (1998), pp. 446–453.
Jump up ^ "Barbeau Peak". Bivouac.com.
Jump up ^ World Wildlife Fund (2001). "Northern Canadian Shield taiga". WildWorld Ecoregion Profile. National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 2010-03-08.
Jump up ^ C. Michael Hogan (2008) Polar Bear: Ursus maritimus, Globaltwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg Archived December 24, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ 3-D Magnetic Imaging using Conjugate Gradients: Temagami anomaly Archived 2009-07-11 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 2008-03-12
Jump up ^ Norris, Jessica (2007). "Report on the 2007 Diamond Drilling Program McClarty Lake Project, Manitoba" (PDF). Aurora Geosciences Ltd. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-05-30. Retrieved 2008-02-22.
Further reading[edit]
Library resources about
Canadian Shield
Resources in your library
Resources in other libraries
Schwartzenberger, Tina (2005), The Canadian Shield, Weigl Educational ISBN 1-55388-141-9
Pazynych V.G. Formation of placer gold deposits in Canadian Shield during late Wisconsin glaciation
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Coordinates: 52°00′N 71°00′W / 52.000°N 71.000°W / 52.000; -71.000
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Let's Move!
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article contains content that is written like an advertisement. Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view. (May 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
First Lady Michelle Obama participates in a Let's Move! and NHL partnership event in March 2011 alongside Mike Green (left) and Patrick Sharp (right).
Let's Move! was a public health campaign in the United States, led by Michelle Obama, wife of former President Barack Obama. The campaign aims to reduce childhood obesity and encourage a healthy lifestyle in children.[1][2]
The initiative has the initially stated goal of "solving the challenge of childhood obesity within a generation so that children born today will reach adulthood at a healthy weight."[3][4][5] Let's Move seeks to decrease childhood obesity to 5% by 2030.[6]
The campaign was announced on February 9, 2010 by Michelle Obama. She indicated the campaign would encourage healthier food in schools, better food labeling and more physical activity for children.[7] On the same date, Obama signed a presidential memorandum creating the Task Force on Childhood Obesity to review current programs and develop a national action plan. The Task Force reviews policy and programs related to child nutrition and physical activity. It hopes to create change through a national action plan with five goals:
Creating a healthy start for children
Empowering parents and caregivers
Providing healthy food in schools
Improving access to healthy, affordable foods
Increasing physical activity
The White House Task Force hopes to bring the childhood obesity rate down to five percent by 2030.[8]
A song, "Move Your Body", was released to promote the campaign called Let's Move! Flash Workout. The song was by Beyoncé and Swizz Beatz, and the video was filmed in a school cafeteria where Beyoncé was dancing with children.[9]
The initiative was led for several years by Sam Kass, the personal chef to the Obamas who became the first-ever White House Senior Policy Advisor on Nutrition.[10] He was succeeded in 2015 as both Executive Director of Let's Move! and Senior Policy Advisor on Nutrition by Debra Eschmeyer, a cofounder of FoodCorps.[11]
Since the Let’s Move initiative is a collaboration of many government agencies and private entities, it lacks full-time employees. Department heads, business executives, volunteers, teachers, legislators, and others carry out the mission and goals of Let’s Move in conjunction with their primary work obligations. Michelle Obama is the chief spokeswoman and promoter, but she does not have staff solely dedicated to carrying out the Let’s Move initiative. Due to the vast array of programs and services, the number of people served by Let’s Move is difficult to estimate. The Let’s Move initiative affects nearly every child in America in some way due to its broad outreach. Whether children’s school lunches are based on the new nutrition guidelines suggested by the initiative, or children use equipment donated to schools to promote exercise, it is nearly impossible for children to not be affected by Let’s Move [12]
Contents
[hide]
1 Childhood obesity
2 Nutrition
3 Community involvement
3.1 Chefs Move to Schools
3.2 Business Involvement
4 Physical activity
5 Impact evaluation
6 Collaboration
7 Accomplishments
8 Let's Move! Flash Workout
8.1 "Move Your Body"
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Childhood obesity[edit]
Main article: Childhood obesity
Body mass index (or BMI) is a measurement of weight in relation to height that can help to determine weight status. In children, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (or CDC) determine that a child is overweight if he/she is above the 85th percentile and lower than the 95th percentile and obese if at or above the 95th percentile.[13]
The CDC indicates that there are several factors that can contribute to childhood obesity: genetic factors; behavioral factors including energy intake, physical activity and sedentary behavior; and environmental factors.[14] Overweight and obesity pose many potential risks and consequences: psychological; cardiovascular disease; among additional risks including asthma, hepatic steatosis, sleep apnea, and type 2 diabetes.[13] Today nearly one in five children in the U.S. between ages 6–19 are obese, and one in three are overweight. The childhood obesity rate tripled from 1980-1999 creating an epidemic and a generation where children may have shorter life spans than their parents.[15]
The Let's Move! initiative focuses on the reform of behavioral factors and environmental factors by focusing on active lifestyles and healthy eating through community involvement, including but not limited to schools, parents, work places, and healthcare providers.[16][17]
Nutrition[edit]
To promote healthy eating, the Let's Move! initiative emphasizes nutrition information, a next generation food "icon", food nutrition labeling and having pediatricians as partners.[18] The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) presents its Let's Move food choice guidelines on the webpage called MyPlate, located at ChooseMyPlate.gov.[19] Guidelines take the form of "half all grains eaten should be whole grains" [20] and 37 nutrition tips.[21] Let's Move! also provides consumers with nutrition information through the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (or FDA)'s "New Front-of-Package Labeling Initiative" and "New Menu and Vending Machines Labeling Requirements".[22]
President Barack Obama meets with children from a Let's Move! tennis clinic on the South Lawn of the White House.
Let's Move! advocates healthy eating habits to be promoted by families, schools, and communities.[18] Let's Move! urges mothers to eat more healthily when pregnant and offers links to a special "MyPyramid Plan for Moms" so they can create a personalized and healthy diet.[23] The initiative also provides guidelines for parents to set up and promote healthy eating habits for their entire family and children.[18] In order for healthier eating to be promoted at schools, Let's Move! promotes the USDA's HealthierUS School Challenge.[24]
"The HealthierUS School Challenge (HUSSC) is a voluntary initiative established in 2004 to recognize those schools participating in the National School Lunch Program that have created healthier school environments through promotion of nutrition and physical activity.
In February 2010, First Lady Michelle Obama introduced Let's Move!, incorporating the HealthierUS School Challenge into her campaign to raise a healthier generation of kids. At the time, monetary incentive awards became available for each HUSSC award level: Bronze, Silver, Gold, and Gold Award of Distinction."[25]
Random House publishers has said Michelle Obama will be writing a book on her White House garden, and her family's favorite healthy cooking ideas.[26]
Community involvement[edit]
For Let's Move to work effectively, the community needs to be involved. Schools need to implement health programs. Parents need to teach their children healthy habits. The following sections describe how organizations and businesses have gotten involved in this nationwide movement.
Chefs Move to Schools[edit]
Chefs Move to Schools was founded in May 2010 as part of First Lady Michelle Obama's Let's Move campaign.[27] The Chefs Move to Schools program is a nationwide effort to teach culinary skills to school children and to get them to try new, healthful food options.[27] Professional chefs volunteer a specified amount of their time to cook with students and/or to help train school workers in how to prepare and provide food in a healthier manner.[28] As of February 2, 2012 about 3,500 schools were partnered with professional chefs in an effort to educate students about a healthier diet in an entertaining and appealing way.[29]
The program is also figure headed by Chef Sam Kass, an assistant chef at the White House and the Senior Policy Advisor for Healthy Food Initiatives.[30] Food Network star Rachael Ray also publicly supports the program and has encouraged children to be involved in the kitchen on episodes of her show Rachael Ray.[30] Other partners of the program include the School Nutrition Association, the American Culinary Federation, Cooking Matters, the United States Department of Agriculture, the Culinary Trust, the Partnership for a Healthier America, Cornell University, Philip Lempert the Supermarket Guru, the Harvard School of Public Health, the International Corporate Chefs Association, and the Food Service Management Institute.[30]
Chefs can sign up to participate in the program on the website on the official Chefs Move to Schools website to be matched with a school in their area.[28] They can select any or all of what they are interested in: helping to plant a school garden, teaching children about healthier living in the classroom, helping officials to develop school lunch menu items, and training students about culinary skills in the kitchen.[28] On the application, chefs are also asked to provide information about their qualifications and training.[31] Chefs are asked to specify how many hours they can devote to the program and which days of the week they can volunteer. These profiles are matched with other profiles that are created by schools to become an official partnership. Once the partnership is created, Chefs Move to Schools provides schools and chefs with resources to help them get started and to help guide both parties through a successful process.[28]
Business Involvement[edit]
Private businesses have also decided to make changes to improve healthy habits for kids. For example, Disney now requires that all foods sold and advertised have to follow nutritional guidelines of increasing fruit and vegetable consumption while decreasing calorie count. Also, Walgreens, Superval, and Walmart have announced building or expanding stores in areas that have limited access to healthy foods. Another example is the US Olympic Committee. In 2012, members provided free or low cost athletic classes to children.[6] These are only a few of the many examples of how the community is jumping in to help improve the lives of children all across the country.
Physical activity[edit]
Students at the Oconaluftee Job Corps Civilian Conservation Center in Cherokee practice their choreography for a new student-produced fitness video
The CDC recommends that children engage in one hour or more of physical activity every day. It states that children should do three different types of activity: aerobic activity, muscle strengthening, and bone strengthening.[32]
Let's Move! looks to promote physical activity through the support and cooperation of families, schools, and communities. On children, the initiative states, "Those who feel supported by friends and families or are surrounded by others interested in physical activity, are more likely to participate."[33] Let's Move! also provides several guidelines for schools to promote physical activity, including strong physical education programs, and indicates the subsidizing of such guidelines with several government programs.[34] Guidelines by which physical activity can be promoted in communities are also outlined on the Let's Move! website.[35]
Impact evaluation[edit]
Center for Disease Control publishes obesity rates broken down by age group. The report found that between 2009 and 2012, the obesity rate dropped by 3.7 percentage points among children aged 2–5, dropped by 0.3 points among those aged 6–11 and increased by 2.1 points among those aged 12–19.[36] By 2015, childhood obesity rates had not changed much since 2008, but had dropped significantly among the youngest children;[37] the exact impact that Let's Move! has had on these trends is uncertain.
A major concern with the Let’s Move program is that it does not evaluate itself, nor is it documented how much money was spent. It allows programs like the Center for Disease Control and other independent organizations to evaluate whether or not Let’s Move is making a difference. This causes critics and proponents to have a hard time improving the program without measurements, and the program lacks an understanding of impact. Let’s Move would benefit immensely from putting together its own group to go through steps to evaluate how its program is affecting the country. It should be evaluated on two major indicators: increasing healthy childhood eating and increasing childhood physical activity.
Collaboration[edit]
Let’s Move faces a challenge: effective coordination between all involved agencies, companies, non-profits, and levels of government. Dr. Susanna Campbell, an international relations scholar, and Michael Harnett, an international business professional, conducted research and discussed the barriers to coordination, the main concepts of coordination, and recommendations for improving coordination. Rodrigo Serrano also provides insight into creating incentive programs to promote coordination.[38]
Organizations are sovereign and the individuals within are accountable first to their organization and second to the coordination effort. Conflicts can arise when the goals of the coordination process don’t align well with an agency’s main goals. If there is a pressing problem to solve, it acts as its own incentive for coordination as long as the problem involves a possibility to find a coordinated solution.[39] Of all the incentive programs proposed, an incentive system involving recognition may be the most effective and efficient. Agencies and organizations associated with Let’s Move could receive an award as a result of making a positive impact according to Let's Move's goals and mission. Organizations could report their impact to the Task Force, and Michelle Obama could recognize the organizations that engaged the most and had the greatest impact. The award would also help remind organizations of the importance of working together to solve the problem of childhood obesity.
Let’s Move could also improve its coordination process by establishing clear field officers in each associated organization and have them report to a central authority figure, like the Task Force on Childhood Obesity. The improved coordination process would make sure each organization or agency is accountable and that there isn’t overlap or redundancy
Accomplishments[edit]
597 museums and gardens in all 50 states have signed up to offer active exhibits and healthy food choices as part of Let’s Move! Museums and Gardens.[6]
The Department of Defense updated their nutritional standards to include more fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean meats, and low-fat dairy products with every meal for troops.[6]
Walmart lowered the cost of fruits, vegetables, and whole grain products by $1 billion in 2011. They also promised to work with manufacturers to eliminate trans fats and remove 10% of the sugar and 25% of the sodium in the food they sell by 2015.[6]
Birds Eye committed to spending at least $2 million per year for three years to marketing and advertising efforts designed to encourage children to consume and enjoy vegetables, including 50 million coupons to promote vegetables.[6]
The First Lady worked with the US Tennis Association to build or refurbish more than 6,200 kid-sized tennis courts across the country, sign up more than 250,000 kids to complete their PALAs, and train 12,000 coaches to help kids learn tennis.[6]
The Blue Cross Blue Shield Association funded street-closings, called "Play Streets," to create a safe place for children and families to run, walk, bike, or play outside freely without traffic. In 2013, at least four Play Streets per city/town in 10 cities/towns across the country will be funded.[6]
The President’s Council on Fitness, Sports and Nutrition updated the President’s Challenge Youth Fitness Test to reflect the latest science on kids’ health and promote active, healthy lifestyles rather than athletic performance and competition. The new Presidential Youth Fitness Program is a voluntary, school-based program that assesses students’ fitness-based health and helps them progress over time. The new program will be implemented in 25 percent of US schools by the end of 2013, and 90 percent of US schools by 2018.[6]
The Partnership for a Healthier America teamed up with 157 hospitals to deliver more healthy options to patients and on-site cafeterias.[6]
Through the HealthierUS School Challenge, more than 5,000 schools now meet high standards in nutrition and fitness.[6]
Walgreens, Supervalu, Walmart and several regional grocers announced a commitment to build or expand 1,500 stores in communities with limited or no access to healthy food. This initiative will provide access to fresh food to an estimated 9.5 million people who currently have limited access. In California alone, the Fresh Works Fund has committed 200 million dollars to this effort to increase access to healthy food.[6]
The First Lady launched MyPlate and MiPlato, an easy to understand icon to help parents make healthier choices for their families. More than 6,100 community groups and 100 national organizations and corporations have partnered with the USDA to give families across the country access to this important nutritional information.[6]
Let's Move! Flash Workout[edit]
Let's Move! Flash Workout is a 2011 initiative by Beyoncé in collaboration with Michelle Obama, and the National Association of Broadcasters Education Foundation to help boost her campaign against child obesity.[40]
Beyoncé reworked "Get Me Bodied" and renamed it "Move Your Body" for the Let's Move! Flash Workout initiative.[41] A Spanish version was also created.[42] The lyrics were switched to fit the cause.[43]
The new lyrics include the line: "Don't just stand there on the wall, everybody just move your body, move your body, move your body."[44] The song is a step-by-step flash dance-style workout that combines hip hop, Latin and dancehall moves with traditional exercise.[45] On April 9, 2011, an instructional video featuring a group of teenagers dancing to "Move Your Body" was released online.[46] After a few days, Beyoncé has said that she "would record her own version of the exercise routine"[46] to show kids how it is done by shooting a new music video featuring a series of fun workouts to accompany the track. On April 26, 2011, Beyoncé released a video of her own version of the exercise routine.[43][42] Concerning the campaign, Beyoncé expressed:
"I am excited to be part of this effort that addresses a public health crisis. First Lady Michelle Obama deserves credit for tackling this issue directly, and I applaud the NAB Education Foundation for trying to make a positive difference in the lives of our schoolchildren."[46]
"Move Your Body"[edit]
Beyoncé in the music video of "Move Your Body" with several students, dancing along.
Beyoncé reworked her original "Get Me Bodied" (2007) into what has been described as a "kid-friendlier" track titled "Move Your Body" in 2011.[47] Choreography was created by Frank Gatson, who additionally created the choreography for "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)".[47]
On April 9, 2011, an instructional video featuring a group of teenagers dancing to "Move Your Body" was released online.[46] After a few days, Beyoncé said that she "would record her own version of the exercise routine"[46] to show kids how it is done by shooting a new music video featuring a series of fun workouts to accompany the track.[42] On April 26, 2011, Beyoncé released a video directed by Melina Matsoukas for "Move Your Body".[43] In the video, students join Beyoncé to perform choreography by Frank Gatson.[43] In the choreography, Beyoncé and the students "mix salsa, dancehall, and the running man."[43] The music video for "Move Your Body" takes place as a four-minute long flash mob.[47] The video begins during lunch hour at what looks like a junior high cafeteria. Everything is status quo until Beyoncé, wearing short shorts and green knee-high socks, enters the cafeteria doors to begin the song. After Beyoncé's entry, all the kids jump to their feet, following along as Beyoncé leads the group through all kinds of dances.[47]
The instructional video was distributed to participating schools across the country on May 3, 2011, during a 'dance-in'.[43] Beyoncé was at P.S. 161 middle school in Harlem on that particular date. She taught students the moves from her "Move Your Body" video. Beyoncé appeared in the gym much to the delight of her young fans, who danced alongside her and took photos.[48] Lauretta Charlton of Black Entertainment Television (BET) gave the video a positive review stating that "It's impossible to watch without wanting to, well, move your body."[45] Nicole James of MTV Buzzworthy showed great interest in the video and its message, stating that Beyoncé gets kids heart pumping, "in more ways than one".[47] Genevieve Koski of The A.V. Club added that "if anything can help curb the nation's childhood obesity problem, it is the galvanizing power of Beyoncé Knowles dancing", and further praised how "[the] bunch of cute kids [were] doing the Running Man and The Dougie in the cafeteria with Beyoncé."[49]
See also[edit]
American Grown: The Story of the White House Kitchen Garden and Gardens Across America
Every Kid in a Park
Songs for a Healthier America (2013)
White House Kitchen Garden
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "America's Move to Raise A Healthier Generation of Kids: Learn the Facts". Retrieved November 26, 2010. [not in citation given]
Jump up ^ "Regis & Kelly Welcome Michelle Obama to Raise Obesity Awareness". ThirdAge. February 8, 2011. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ "America's Move to Raise A Healthier Generation of Kids". Let's Move. Retrieved July 30, 2010. [not in citation given]
Jump up ^ "First Lady Michelle Obama Launches Let's Move: America's Move to Raise a Healthier Generation of Kids". The White House. February 9, 2010. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Let's Move!". President's Council on Fitness, Sports & Nutrition. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Accomplishments - Let's Move!".
Jump up ^ "Michelle Obama says 'Let's Move' on obesity in American kids". The Christian Science Monitor. February 9, 2010. Retrieved July 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ "White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity Report to the President". Let's Move. Retrieved December 8, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Video: Beyoncé – ‘Move Your Body’". Rap-Up. April 26, 2011. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ "White House Announces the Departure of Sam Kass". The White House. December 8, 2014. Retrieved October 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ "First lady names food activist as new head of anti-obesity drive". The Chicago Tribune. January 8, 2015. Retrieved October 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ Let's Move. Learn the Facts. Accomplishments. 2010. http://www.letsmove.gov/learn-facts/epidemic-childhood-obesity (accessed 27 Sept. 2015).
^ Jump up to: a b "Basics About Childhood Obesity". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ "A Growing Problem". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Michelle Obama spearheads US push against childhood obesity". The Sydney Morning Herald. February 10, 2010. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ "America's Move to Raise A Healthier Generation of Kids: Learn the Facts". Retrieved November 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Learn The Facts". Let's Move!. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Eat Healthy". Let's Move!. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ "ChooseMyPlate". United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "ChooseMyPlate". United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "ChooseMyPlate". United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "U.S. Food and Drug Administration: Labeling and Nutrition". Retrieved November 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Healthy Moms". Let's Move!. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Healthy Schools". Let's Move!. 2012-02-10. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ "United States Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service: HealthierUS School Challenge". Retrieved November 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Michelle Obama to write book about White House Garden". Retrieved March 18, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Chefs Move to Schools". Retrieved April 5, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Get Started". Retrieved April 5, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Sam Kass - Chefs Move to Schools". Retrieved April 5, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Partners". Retrieved April 5, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Chefs Registration". Chefs Move to Schools. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Physical Activity for Everyone: How much physical activity do children need?". Retrieved November 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Active Families". Let's Move!. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Active Schools". Let's Move!. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Active Communities". Let's Move!. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Does Obesity Report Prove the 'Let’s Move' Campaign Works?". National Review.
Jump up ^ Producer, Kevin Liptak, CNN White House. "Let's Move reaches 5 after criticism -- progress".
Jump up ^ Campbell, Susanna P. and Michael Hartnett. 2005. A framework for improved coordination. https://www.regjeringen.no/ globalassets/ upload/UD/Vedlegg/missions/framework.pdf (accessed November 25, 2015).
Jump up ^ Serrano, Rodrigo. 2005. What makes inter-agency coordination work? Insights from the literature and two case studies. Inter-American Development Bank Sustainable Development Department Social Development Division. www.iadb.org/sds/soc (accessed November 25, 2015).
Jump up ^ Conley, Mikaela (April 29, 2011). "Beyonce Joins Michelle Obama's Initiative To Fight Childhood Obesity". ABC News. American Broadcasting Company. Archived from the original on June 12, 2011. Retrieved June 12, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Beyonce Wants You to "Move Your Body"". Rap-Up. Devin Lazerine. April 8, 2011. Retrieved April 9, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Beyonce reworks Get Me Bodied for Obama's obesity campaign". New Magazine. Northern & Shell. April 9, 2011. Retrieved April 9, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Video: Beyoncé – 'Move Your Body'". Rap-Up. Devin Lazerine. April 26, 2011. Retrieved April 27, 2011.
Jump up ^ Colin Daniels (April 9, 2011). "Beyoncé reworks song for obesity campaign". Digital Spy. Hachette Filipacchi Médias. Retrieved April 9, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Lauretta Charlton (April 27, 2011). "Beyoncé Releases Official "Move Your Body" Video". Black Entertainment Television. Retrieved April 28, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Beyoncé Wants To 'Move Your Body'". Rap-Up. Devin Lazerine. April 8, 2011. Retrieved April 9, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Nicole James (April 27, 2011). "Beyonce Is The Hottest Aerobics Instructor EVER In 'Move Your Body' Video". MTV. MTV Networks. Retrieved April 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Beyoncé Surprises Harlem Students With Dance Workouts". Rap-Up. Devin Lazerine. May 3, 2011. Retrieved May 4, 2011.
Jump up ^ Genevieve Koski (April 27, 2011). "Beyoncé Releases Official "Move Your Body" Video". BET. Retrieved September 3, 2011.
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