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Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (film)
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Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Phil Lord
Christopher Miller
Produced by
Pam Marsden
Written by
Phil Lord
Christopher Miller
Based on
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs
by Judi Barrett and Ron Barrett
Starring
Bill Hader
Anna Faris
James Caan
Andy Samberg
Bruce Campbell
Bobb'e J. Thompson
Mr. T
Benjamin Bratt
Neil Patrick Harris
Music by
Mark Mothersbaugh
Edited by
Robert Fisher Jr.
Production
company
Sony Pictures Animation[1]
Distributed by
Columbia Pictures[2]
(Sony Pictures Releasing)[1]
Release date
September 12, 2009 (2009-09-12) (Los Angeles)[3]
September 18, 2009 (2009-09-18) (United States)
Running time
90 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$100 million[4]
Box office
$243 million[4]
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs is a 2009 American computer-animated comic science fiction film loosely based on the 1978 children's book of the same name by Judi and Ron Barrett. It was produced by Sony Pictures Animation and released on September 18, 2009. The film features the voices of Bill Hader, Anna Faris, Bruce Campbell, James Caan, Bobb'e J. Thompson, Andy Samberg, Mr. T, Benjamin Bratt, Neil Patrick Harris, Al Roker, Lauren Graham, and Will Forte. It was written and directed by Phil Lord and Christopher Miller. It earned $243 million worldwide on a budget of $100 million.[4] A sequel, Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs 2, was released on September 27, 2013. A television series based on the film with the same title premiered on February 20, 2017, on Cartoon Network.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Music
4.1 Track listing
5 Release
5.1 Home media
5.2 Art book
6 Reception
6.1 Critical response
6.2 Box office
6.3 Accolades
7 Expanded franchise
7.1 Sequel
7.2 Television series
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Plot[edit]
Flint Lockwood is a wannabe-scientist who lives in Swallow Falls, a tiny island in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean that has sardines as the base of its economy. Flint lives with Tim, his widowed technophobic father, and his pet monkey, Steve. Despite Flint's zealous enthusiasm, his inventions, including spray-on shoes, a remote controlled television, rat birds, hair-un-balder, and a flying car, all ended in failure.
Flint then invents a machine that transforms water into food, called the "Flint Lockwood Diatonic Super Mutating Dynamic Food Replicator" (FLDSMDFR). Flint turns on the FLDSMDFR in his laboratory, but ends up overloading the house's electrical supply. He then decides to power the machine by hooking it up to a nearby power plant. When he turns the machine back on, it ends up rocketing through town, causing widespread damage, ultimately shooting up into the sky. While recovering from his failure, Flint meets Samantha "Sam" Sparks, a weather intern whose big break was foiled by Flint's actions. Their conversation is cut short when rainbow colored clouds float over the town and begin to rain cheeseburgers.
The town rejoices in their renewed food choices, and Flint creates a communication device to send orders to the machine and order it to create different types of food. Swallow Falls (now renamed Chewandswallow) suddenly becomes a successful "food tourism" destination. Everything is going well until the townsfolk start greedily requesting food from Flint's machine. Flint notices that the food is beginning to grow larger in size. Although he is concerned that the food is starting to "over mutate", the now morbidly obese mayor sees it as profitable for him and the city, and guilts Flint into continuing to make food rain.
Citizens and worldly tourists in Chewandswallow are blissful until suddenly a large tornado formed of spaghetti and meatballs threatens the town. Flint rushes to his lab to turn the FLDSMDFR off and attempts to send a "kill code" to stop the machine, but the mayor, while trying to stop him by throwing a giant radish at him, accidentally destroys the communication device. With Flint unable to control the machine, a massive food storm is created which threatens the world. When Flint's father encourages him to fix the mess, Flint gains self-confidence, places the kill code in a USB flash drive, and builds a new flying car to reach and deactivate the FLDSMDFR, with the aid of Sam, her cameraman Manny, Steve and Brent (namesake of the Baby Brent Sardine cannery).
As they approach the machine in the sky, they find that it is now at the core of a giant meatball, where clouds go in the top and a food hurricane comes out the bottom. The machine sends living food to attack them. In the chaos, the flash drive with the kill code is sucked by the wind out the window.
Back at Chewandswallow, the citizens and tourists escape while the last leftovers fall. Mt. Leftovers collapses, causing an avalanche of food that destroys the town. Despite the avalanche ravaging Flint's Lab, Tim manages to re-send the kill code to Flint's cell phone from there. Flint then goes inside the meatball, finds the machine, and connects the phone to a port. To his dismay, Flint discovers that Tim sent him the wrong file, so he is unable to stop the FLDSMDFR. Flint then gets an idea and uses his Spray-On Shoes formula on the machine, causing it to explode. With the machine destroyed, the food storm subsides and everyone is able to return safely to Chewandswallow. Tim finally shows his appreciation for his son and his inventions before Flint and Sam celebrate with a kiss. Meanwhile, the obese mayor is seen stranded in the middle of the sea, having eaten nearly all of his peanut butter and jelly sandwich boat, while muttering that his plans were not well thought out.
Cast[edit]
Bill Hader as Flint Lockwood, an inventor. Hader also did the voice of the "FLDSMDFR" machine.
Max Neuwirth as Young Flint Lockwood
Anna Faris as Samantha "Sam" Sparks, a weather intern from New York City.
James Caan as Tim Lockwood, Flint's technophobic, widowed father.
Neil Patrick Harris as Steve the Monkey, Flint's pet vervet monkey who communicates using a Speak and Spell monkey thought translator.
Bruce Campbell as Mayor Shelbourne, the gluttonous and egotistical mayor of Swallow Falls.
Andy Samberg as Brent McHale, an infamous celebrity mascot of Baby Brent's Sardines.
Mr. T as Officer Earl Devereaux, the town's athletic cop.
Bobb'e J. Thompson as Calvin "Cal" Devereaux, Earl's son.
Benjamin Bratt as Manny, Sam's Guatemalan cameraman and a former doctor, co-pilot, and comedian.
Al Roker as Patrick Patrickson, the anchorman of the weather station.
Lauren Graham as Fran Lockwood, Flint's mother who died ten years before Flint invented the FLDSMDFR.
Will Forte as Joe Towne, a redneck citizen of Chewandswallow.
Angela Shelton as Regina Devereaux, Earl's wife
Production[edit]
On May 9, 2003, a year after establishment, Sony Pictures Animation announced its first animated slate, including Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs, a film adaptation of the book. The Brizzi brothers were brought to direct the film, with Wayne Rice adapting the screenplay.[5] In 2006, it was reported that the film had been helmed by new directors and writers, Phil Lord and Christopher Miller.[6] On September 18, 2008, Variety announced that Bill Hader and Anna Faris had signed on to voice the two lead characters, with James Caan, Bruce Campbell, Mr. T, Andy Samberg, Neil Patrick Harris, Bobb'e J. Thompson, Benjamin Bratt, Al Roker, Lauren Graham, and Will Forte also in the voice cast.[7] Co-writers and co-directors Phil Lord and Christopher Miller said later that year that it would be a homage to, and a parody of, disaster films such as Twister, Armageddon, The Core, and The Day After Tomorrow.[8] Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs is the second film (after Monster House) made using animation rendering software Arnold.[9]
Music[edit]
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs
Soundtrack album by Mark Mothersbaugh
Released
September 15, 2009
Recorded
2009
Genre
Film score
Film soundtrack
Length
65:16
Label
Sony Pictures Entertainment
Producer
Mark Mothersbaugh
Mark Mothersbaugh chronology
Fanboys
(2009)Fanboys2009 Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs
(2009) Ramona and Beezus
(2010)Ramona and Beezus2010
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs is a soundtrack to the film of the same name, released under Sony Pictures Entertainment on September 15, 2009. The music of the film and this album are both credited to be composed and produced by American composer Mark Mothersbaugh of Devo.
Track listing[edit]
All music composed by Mark Mothersbaugh, except where noted.
[show]Track listing
No.
Title
Performer
Length
1. "Raining Sunshine" (Matthew Gerrard, Jay Landers, Charlie Midnight) Miranda Cosgrove 3:44
2. "Swallow Falls" 0:47
3. "Introducing Flint" 4:16
4. "The Latest Invention" 1:23
5. "The Mayor/Earl Warns Flint" 1:17
6. "Sam's Big Break" 0:50
7. "Powering Up" 1:05
8. "Failure Again" 1:54
9. "Meatier Shower" 3:10
10. "A Father's Love" 1:19
11. "Ice Cream Wonderland" 1:22
12. "Snowball!" 1:15
13. "The Mayor's Big Plan" 1:16
14. "Activation and the Jell-O Dome" 1:39
15. "Sam and Flint Bond" 2:00
16. "Doubting Dad/Mutations" 2:57
17. "The Spaghetti Twister" 3:08
18. "Aftermath" 2:26
19. "Flint's Determination" 2:44
20. "The Food Storm" 2:08
21. "The Mission Begins" 2:36
22. "Outside the Meatball" 1:57
23. "Inside the Meatball" 1:39
24. "Earl Takes Charge" 2:00
25. "Sentient Chickens" 2:42
26. "Worldwide Chaos" 0:57
27. "Anaphylactic Love" 1:41
28. "Attack of the Gummi Bears" 1:40
29. "Here's the Cheese" 1:25
30. "The Heart of the Meatball" 1:17
31. "Spray-On Triumph" 1:55
32. "Flint Returns" 3:31
33. "Sunshine, Lollipops and Rainbows" (Marvin Hamlisch, Howard Liebling) Lesley Gore 1:37
Total length: 65:16
Release[edit]
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs premiered on September 12, 2009, at the Mann Village Theatre in Los Angeles, California.[3] The film had its wide release on September 18, 2009, along with a digitally re-mastered release to IMAX 3D theatres.[10]
Home media[edit]
The film was released on DVD, Blu-ray Disc, and PSP UMD on January 5, 2010 in the United States and Canada.[11][12] A 3D Blu-ray was released on June 22, 2010. It was the first 3D Blu-ray sold individually in the United States.[13]
Art book[edit]
In August 2009, Insight Editions published a companion book to the film called The Art and Making of Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs.[14][15]
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 87% of critics gave positive reviews based on 139 reviews with an average rating of 7.3/10. The consensus statement reads, "Quirky humor, plucky characters and solid slapstick make this family comedy a frenetically tasty time at the movies."[16] Another review aggretator, Metacritic, which normalizes a rating from mainstream critics, gave the film an approval rating of 66 based on 24 reviews.[17] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A-" on an A+ to F scale.[18]
Ernest Hardy of LA Weekly stated the film "is smart, insightful on a host of relationship dynamics, and filled with fast-paced action". Hardy also applauded the 3-D effects which "are wonderful, full of witty sight gags that play out both center-screen and on the periphery".[19] Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune gave the film a mixed review stating that "Crazy doesn't always equal funny, and the gigantism of this 3-D offering's second half puts a damper on your enjoyment. But look: This film wasn't made for you, or me. It was made for dangerously, easily distracted 9-year-olds."[20] Kyle Smith of the New York Post gave the film two stars stating that the animated film "greatly expands on the kids' book on which it's based in a clever and engaging first half. But the second half leaves a foul aftertaste."[21] Animator John Kricfalusi, known for his generally negative opinions on modern animation, did a review of the film on his blog, saying that "It was an optimistic portent of what could be. It's basically an undirected film—but one that allowed many of the artists to take nothing scenes and add some kind of cleverness, design and action to the formulaic events being told by the story."[22]
Box office[edit]
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs earned a total of $243 million on a reported budget of $100 million. Of the gross, 51%, or $124,870,275, came from the domestic market, while the rest, $118,135,851, from other territories.[4] For the film's marketing, Sony spent $43.3 million in the United States, and $26 million in other countries.[23] The film earned $8,137,358 on its opening Friday, and ranked #1 at the box office with a total of $30.3 million for the first weekend.[24] On its second weekend, it remained at #1 with a decrease of only 17%.[25] It currently holds the record for third-largest opening weekend in the month of September.[4]
Accolades[edit]
Group
Category
Recipient
Result
Annie Awards[26] Animated Effects Tom Kluyskens Nominated
Best Animated Feature
Nominated
Directing in a Feature Production Phil Lord and Christopher Miller Nominated
Writing in a Feature Production Nominated
Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards[27] Best Animated Feature
Nominated
Golden Globe Awards[28] Best Animated Feature Film
Nominated
Satellite Awards[29] Best Animated or Mixed Media Feature
Nominated
Visual Effects Society Awards[30] Outstanding Animation in an Animated Feature Motion Picture
Nominated
Outstanding Effects Animation in an Animated Feature Motion Picture
Nominated
Expanded franchise[edit]
Main article: Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (franchise)
Sequel[edit]
Main article: Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs 2
A sequel, titled Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs 2, was released on September 27, 2013. Directed by Cody Cameron and Kris Pearn, and it is based on an original idea, where Flint and his friends must again save the world from the food machine, this time producing living food beasts.[31] Most of the main cast reprised their roles, with Terry Crews replacing Mr. T. New cast also includes Kristen Schaal as orangutan Barb, and Will Forte in his new role of Chester V.[32]
Television series[edit]
Main article: Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (TV series)
On October 9, 2014, DHX Media announced that it will develop and produce a television series based on the film franchise, titled Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs: The Series.[33] The series will be traditionally animated and will consist of twenty-six 22-minute episodes.[33] It will take place before the first film, showing Flint Lockwood as a high school student who dreams of becoming a serious scientist.[33] In his adventures, he will be joined by Sam Sparks, a new girl in town and the school's "wannabe" reporter, along with Flint's dad Tim, Steve the Monkey, Manny as the head of the school's audiovisual club, Earl as a school gym teacher, Brent as a baby wear model, and mayor Shelbourne.[33] DHX Media will handle the global television and non-US home entertainment distribution, along with worldwide merchandising rights, while Sony will distribute home entertainment in the US.[33] Commissioned by Teletoon in Canada, the series will air on Cartoon Network in the United States,[34] and on the Boomerang channel in other territories.[35]
See also[edit]
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (video game), based on the film.
Real life food spill disasters
Boston Molasses Disaster
Honolulu molasses spill
London Beer Flood
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (2009)". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved November 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Gold, Daniel (September 17, 2009). "Cloudy With a Chance of Meatballs". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved November 12, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "L.A. Premiere of 'Cloudy With a Chance of Meatballs'/". Hollywood.com. September 12, 2009. Retrieved January 14, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (2009)". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
Jump up ^ Ball, Ryan (May 9, 2003). "Sony Taps Six to Direct Animates Slate". Animation Magazine. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ Nguyen, Hanh (August 16, 2006). "Sony Forecasts 'Chance of Meatballs'". Zap2it. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
Jump up ^ Siegel, Tatiana (September 18, 2008). "Hader, Faris spice up 'Meatballs". Variety. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
Jump up ^ Sloan, Sam (August 16, 2006). "It's Raining.........Food?". Slice of SciFi. Retrieved November 25, 2010.
Jump up ^ Bharwani, Asim (July 2009). "Sneak Peek: 'Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs'". MovingPicturesMagazine.com. Retrieved July 23, 2009.
Jump up ^ IMAX Corporation (July 29, 2009). "Sony Pictures Animation's Cloudy With A Chance of Meatballs to be released in IMAX(R) 3D". PR Newswire. Retrieved January 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Nemiroff, Perri (November 27, 2009). "Cloudy With A Chance Of Meatballs Pours Onto DVD In January". Cinema Blend. Retrieved May 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ McCutcheon, David (November 9, 2009). "Meatballs Cloud Up Home". IGN. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
Jump up ^ Calonge, Juan (June 10, 2010). "Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs 3D Blu-ray Announced". Blu-ray.com. Retrieved March 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ Silver, Curtis (October 21, 2009). "Get Visual With the Art of Cloudy With a Chance of Meatballs". Wired. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Art and Making of Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (Hardcover)". Amazon.com. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved September 4, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved September 19, 2009.
Jump up ^ Kaufman, Amy (September 29, 2013). "'Cloudy With a Chance of Meatballs 2' is No. 1 on crowded weekend". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 14, 2017. Both installments received an average grade of A-, according to market research firm CinemaScore.
Jump up ^ Hardy, Ernest (September 16, 2009). "Movie Reviews: Cloudy With a Chance of Meatballs, Jennifer's Body, Love Happens". LA Weekly. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ Phillips, Michael (September 17, 2009). "'Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs' -- 2 1/2 stars". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ Smith, Kyle (September 18, 2009). "Forecast: Fishy". New York Post. Retrieved September 19, 2009.
Jump up ^ Kricfalusi, John (21 September 2009). "John K Stuff: Review Of Meatballs". John K Stuff. Blogspot. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
Jump up ^ Litt, Stefan (November 26, 2013). "Smurfs 3". WikiLeaks. Archived from the original on August 20, 2015. Retrieved August 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ Gray, Brandon (September 21, 2009). "Weekend Report: Moviegoers Feast on 'Meatballs,' Slim Pickings for 'Jennifer'". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ Gray, Brandon (September 28, 2009). "Weekend Report: Blue Skies for 'Cloudy,' Hazy Starts for 'Surrogates,' 'Fame'". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ "37th Annual Annie Nominations and Awards Recipients". AnnieAwards.org. Archived from the original on August 15, 2010. Retrieved February 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ "15TH ANNUAL CRITICS CHOICE MOVIE AWARDS (2010) – BEST PICTURE: THE HURT LOCKER". CriticsChoice.com. November 21, 2011. Retrieved February 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ "THE 67TH ANNUAL GOLDEN GLOBE AWARDS NOMINATIONS". GoldenGlobes.org. December 15, 2009. Retrieved February 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ "2009 Satellite Awards". PressAcademy.com. Retrieved February 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ "8th Annual VES Awards". VisualEffectsSociety.com. Archived from the original on January 18, 2013. Retrieved February 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ Sony Pictures Animation (August 21, 2012). "Delicious Voice Cast Storms In To 'Cloudy 2: Revenge Of The Leftovers'". PR Newswire. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
Jump up ^ Breznican, Anthony (August 21, 2012). "CAUTION: Food may eat YOU in 'Cloudy With a Chance of Meatballs' sequel -- EXCLUSIVE". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "DHX MEDIA AND SONY PICTURES ANIMATION TAKING CLOUDY WITH A CHANCE OF MEATBALLS TO TELEVISION" (Press release). DHX Media. October 9, 2014. Retrieved October 10, 2014.
Jump up ^ Sony Pictures Animation (June 20, 2016). "Sony Pictures Animation Announces 2017 & 2018 Slate" (Press release). PR Newswire. Retrieved September 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ DHX Media (October 5, 2015). "DHX Media and Sony Pictures Animation's Cloudy With a Chance of Meatballs TV Series Goes Global" (Press release). PR Newswire. Retrieved October 9, 2015.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (film).
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (film)
Official website
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs on IMDb
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs at AllMovie
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs at Rotten Tomatoes
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs at Metacritic
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs at Box Office Mojo
[show]
v
t
e
Sony Pictures Animation
Feature films
Computer-animated
Open Season (2006)
Surf's Up (2007)
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (2009)
Hotel Transylvania (2012)
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs 2 (2013)
Hotel Transylvania 2 (2015)
Smurfs: The Lost Village (2017)
The Emoji Movie (2017)
Live-action/animated
The Smurfs (2011)
The Smurfs 2 (2013)
Goosebumps (2015)
Produced with Aardman Animations
Arthur Christmas (2011)
The Pirates! In an Adventure with Scientists! (2012)
Upcoming films
The Star (2017)
Peter Rabbit (2018)
Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation (2018)
Goosebumps: Horrorland (2018)
Untitled animated Spider-Man film (2018)
Direct-to-video
Open Season 2 (2009)
Open Season 3 (2011)
Open Season: Scared Silly (2016)
Surf's Up 2: WaveMania (2017)
Television series
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (2017–)
Hotel Transylvania: The Series (2017–)
Ghostbusters: Ecto Force (2018)
Short films
The ChubbChubbs! (2002)
Early Bloomer (2003)
Boog and Elliot's Midnight Bun Run (2007)
The ChubbChubbs Save Xmas (2007)
The Smurfs: A Christmas Carol (2011)
So You Want to Be a Pirate! (2012)
Goodnight Mr. Foot (2012)
The Smurfs: The Legend of Smurfy Hollow (2013)
Super Manny (2013)
Earl Scouts (2013)
Steve's First Bath (2014)
Attack of the 50-Foot Gummi Bear (2014)
Puppy! (2017)
Franchises
Open Season (2006–present)
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (2009–present)
The Smurfs (2011–present)
Hotel Transylvania (2012–present)
See also
Sony Pictures Imageworks
Cartoon Hangover
Screen Gems Cartoons
[show]
v
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Phil Lord and Christopher Miller
Films directed
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (2009)
21 Jump Street (2012)
The Lego Movie (2014)
22 Jump Street (2014)
Solo: A Star Wars Story (2018)
Films produced
Brigsby Bear (2017)
The Lego Batman Movie (2017)
The Lego Ninjago Movie (2017)
Untitled animated Spider-Man film (2018)
Television series created
Clone High (2002–2003)
The Last Man on Earth (2015–present)
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text:
King of the Road (song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"King of the Road"
Single by Roger Miller
from the album The Return of Roger Miller
B-side
"Atta Boy Girl"
Released
January 1965
Recorded
November 1964
Genre
Country
Length
2:28
Label
Smash[1]
Songwriter(s)
Roger Miller[1]
Producer(s)
Jerry Kennedy[1]
Roger Miller singles chronology
"Do-Wacka-Do"
(1965) "King of the Road"
(1965) "Engine Engine #9"
(1965)
"Do-Wacka-Do"
(1965) "King of the Road"
(1965) "Engine Engine #9"
(1965)
"King of the Road" is a song written and originally recorded in November 1964 by country singer Roger Miller.[1] The lyrics tell of the day-to-day life of a vagabond hobo who, despite being poor (a "man of means by no means"), revels in his freedom, describing himself humorously as the "king of the road". It was Miller's fifth single for Smash Records.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Chart performance
2.1 Roger Miller
2.2 The Proclaimers
2.3 Randy Travis
3 Related songs
3.1 Houston
3.2 "Queen of the House"
4 References
5 External links
History[edit]
The popular crossover record hit No. 1 on the US Country chart,[3] No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100, and No. 1 on the Easy Listening surveys.[4] It was also No. 1 in the UK Singles Chart,[5] and in Norway. Miller recalled that the song was inspired when he was driving and saw a sign on the side of a barn that read, "Trailers for sale or rent".[6] This would become the opening line of the song.
The song has been covered by many other artists, including George Jones, Dean Martin, Val Doonican, Jack Jones, James Booker, The Fabulous Echoes, Boney M., R.E.M., Johnny Paycheck, Glen Campbell, Alvin and the Chipmunks, Boxcar Willie, Randy Travis, Rangers, James Kilbane, John Stevens, the Statler Brothers, Rufus Wainwright & Teddy Thompson, Giant Sand, Peligro, The Proclaimers, Ray Conniff Singers, The Reverend Horton Heat, Jerry Lee Lewis, Jim White, and Joe Strummer during live performances. James "The King" Brown (an Elvis impersonator) performed the song for a 2001 Audi commercial on German TV.[7] Of R.E.M.'s version, a shambolic, drunken, offhand rendering, guitarist Peter Buck would later comment, "If there was any justice in the world, Roger Miller should be able to sue for what we did to this song."[8]
The song was performed live by Merle Haggard, Willie Nelson, Marty Stuart, Dwight Yoakam and Dolly Parton during Miller's posthumous induction into the Country Music Hall of Fame at the 1995 CMA Awards ceremony.
The song is featured in Wim Wenders' 1976 film Im Lauf der Zeit (In the Course of Time; English title Kings of the Road). It is also played at the beginning of Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby, Brokeback Mountain, Into the Wild (2007), Traveller (1997), and Swingers (1998). Miller performs it in the concert film The Big T.N.T. Show. The recording by The Proclaimers is included in the film The Crossing (1990). Near the end of their official music video, the pair are shown reading a newspaper whose headline is "Roger Miller, King of Plugs".
After the major success achieved by "King of the Road", Dean Martin recorded the tune "Houston" (1965), which is similar in both lyrics and feel.[citation needed]
A send-up version by English entertainer Billy Howard was a British chart hit in 1976.[9]
A German version by the band Wise Guys exists.[10]
In both the English and German versions of Animals United, Billy the Meerkat sings the short rendition of this song, while walking past the other animals and carrying the gourd.
This song is featured in Mafia 3.[citation needed]
Chart performance[edit]
Roger Miller[edit]
Chart (1965)
Peak
position
UK Singles Chart[11] 1
Norwegian Singles Chart 1
U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles 1
U.S. Billboard Easy Listening 1
U.S. Billboard Hot 100 4
Irish Singles Chart 5
Canadian RPM Top Singles 10
The Proclaimers[edit]
Chart (1990)
Peak
position
Australian Singles Chart[12] 78
Irish Singles Chart 8
UK Singles Chart[11] 9
Randy Travis[edit]
Chart (1997)
Peak
position
Canada Country Tracks (RPM)[13] 74
US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[14] 51
Related songs[edit]
Houston[edit]
After the major success achieved by "King of the Road", Dean Martin recorded the tune "Houston" (1965), which is similar in both lyrics and feel.[citation needed]
"Queen of the House"[edit]
Country music singer Jody Miller (no relation) answered "King of the Road" with "Queen of the House" (1965). The song used Roger Miller's music while changing the lyrics to describe the day-to-day life of a stay-at-home mom. The words were written by Mary Taylor.[15][16]
Singer Connie Francis later recorded the song on her 1966 album Live at the Sahara (1966).
The Supremes performed the song in their nightclub act. It can be heard on their The Supremes at the Copa (1965) album and I Hear A Symphony remastered CD, which includes their September 1966 appearance at the Roostertail in Detroit, on the second disc..[citation needed]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Rice, Jo (1982). The Guinness Book of 500 Number One Hits (1st ed.). Enfield, Middlesex: Guinness Superlatives Ltd. p. 92. ISBN 0-85112-250-7.
Jump up ^ Mike Callahan; David Edwards; Patrice Eyries; Randy Watts. "Smash Records Story". www.bsnpubs.com. Retrieved December 20, 2009.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). The Billboard Book Of Top 40 Country Hits: 1944-2006, Second edition. Record Research. p. 231.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2002). Top Adult Contemporary: 1961-2001. Record Research. p. 171.
Jump up ^ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 178. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
Jump up ^ Roger Miller interviewed on the Pop Chronicles (1969)
Jump up ^ "King of the road : der Hit aus der Audi Werbung" (in German). German National Library. Retrieved 2014-07-17.
Jump up ^ Wethington, Kari (January 24, 2009). "Cowboy Junkies". Elle.
Jump up ^ "45cat". Retrieved 8 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "wise guys" (in German). Retrieved 8 June 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 440. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
Jump up ^ Ryan, Gavin (2011). Australia's Music Charts 1988-2010. Mt. Martha, VIC, Australia: Moonlight Publishing.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Country Tracks: Issue 3235." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. June 16, 1997. Retrieved July 17, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Randy Travis – Chart history" Billboard Hot Country Songs for Randy Travis.
Jump up ^ "MusicMatch guide, "Jody Miller"". Mmguide.musicmatch.com. Retrieved 2014-04-05.
Jump up ^ "Digital Tradition Mirror, "Queen of the House"". Sniff.numachi.com. Retrieved 2014-04-05.
External links[edit]
sample from Roger Miller official site
Preceded by
"Have You Looked into Your Heart" by Jerry Vale Billboard Middle-Road Singles number-one single
February 10 – April 17, 1965 Succeeded by
"The Race Is On" by Jack Jones
Preceded by
"I've Got a Tiger By the Tail" by Buck Owens Billboard Hot Country Singles number-one single
March 27 – April 24, 1965 Succeeded by
"This Is It" by Jim Reeves
Preceded by
"Ticket to Ride" by The Beatles UK Singles Chart number-one single
May 13, 1965 Succeeded by
"Where Are You Now My Love" by Jackie Trent
[show]
v
t
e
Roger Miller
Studio albums
Roger and Out
The Return of Roger Miller
The 3rd Time Around
Words and Music
Walkin' in the Sunshine
Waterhole #3 (Code of the West)
A Tender Look at Love
Roger Miller
Roger Miller Featuring Dang Me!
Roger Miller 1970
A Trip in the Country
Dear Folks, Sorry I Haven't Written Lately
Celebration
Painted Poetry
Off the Wall
Making a Name for Myself
Old Friends with Willie Nelson
Roger Miller
The Country Side of Roger Miller
Green Green Grass of Home
Live albums
Roger Miller Live!
Live
Hits You Remember: Live
Singles
1950s – 1960s
"Poor Little John"
"You're Forgettin' Me"
"On This Mountain Top"
"Mine is a Lonely Life"
"Wrong Kind of Girl"
"Jason Fleming"
"You Don't Want My Love"
"When Two Worlds Collide"
"Fair Swiss Maiden"
"Sorry Willie"
"Hey Little Star"
"Lock, Stock and Teardrops"
"Dang Me"
"Chug-a-Lug"
"Do-Wacka-Do"
"King of the Road"
"Engine Engine #9"
"One Dyin' and a-Buryin'"
"It Just Happened That Way"
"Kansas City Star"
"England Swings"
"Husbands and Wives"
"I've Been a Long Time Leaving (But I'll Be a Long Time Gone)"
"You Can't Rollerskate in a Buffalo Herd"
"My Uncle Used to Love Me But She Died"
"Heartbreak Hotel"
"Walkin' in the Sunshine"
"The Ballad of Waterhole #3 (Code of the West)"
"Old Toy Trains"
"Little Green Apples"
"Tolivar"
"Vance"
"Me and Bobby McGee"
"Where Have All the Average People Gone"
1970s – 1980s
"The Tom Green County Fair"
"South"
"Tomorrow Night in Baltimore"
"Lovin' Her Was Easier (Than Anything I'll Ever Do Again)"
"We Found It in Each Other's Arms"
"Sunny Side of My Life"
"Rings for Sale"
"Hoppy's Gone"
"Open Up Your Heart"
"I Believe in the Sunshine"
"Whistle Stop"
"Our Love"
"I Love a Rodeo"
"Baby Me Baby"
"Oklahoma Woman"
"The Hat"
"Everyone Gets Crazy Now and Then"
"Old Friends" with Willie Nelson and Ray Price
"River in the Rain"
"Some Hearts Get All the Breaks"
Compilations
Golden Hits
The Best of Roger Miller, Volume One: Country Tunesmith
The Best of Roger Miller, Volume Two: King of the Road
King of the Road
20th Century Masters: The Millennium Collection
All Time Greatest Hits
A Man Like Me
Related articles
Discography
Robin Hood
Dean Miller
[show]
v
t
e
The Proclaimers
Charlie Reid
Craig Reid
Studio albums
This Is the Story
Sunshine on Leith
Hit the Highway
Persevere
Born Innocent
Restless Soul
Life with You
Notes & Rhymes
Like Comedy
Compilations
The Best of The Proclaimers
Finest
Singles
"Throw the 'R' Away"
"Letter from America"
"Make My Heart Fly"
"I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)"
"Sunshine on Leith"
"I'm on My Way"
"King of the Road"
"Let's Get Married"
"What Makes You Cry?"
"These Arms of Mine"
"There's a Touch"
"Life with You"
"Whole Wide World"
"Love Can Move Mountains"
"Spinning Around in the Air"
Related articles
Hibernian F.C.
Sunshine on Leith (musical)
Sunshine on Leith (film)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=King_of_the_Road_(song)&oldid=792710162"
Categories:
1965 songs
Roger Miller songs
The Proclaimers songs
Randy Travis songs
Glen Campbell songs
Billboard Hot Country Songs number-one singles
Billboard Adult Contemporary number-one singles
UK Singles Chart number-one singles
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Songs written by Roger Miller
Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients
Song recordings produced by Jerry Kennedy
Hidden categories:
CS1 German-language sources (de)
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Articles with hAudio microformats
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text:
Law firm
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
A law firm is a business entity formed by one or more lawyers to engage in the practice of law. The primary service rendered by a law firm is to advise clients (individuals or corporations) about their legal rights and responsibilities, and to represent clients in civil or criminal cases, business transactions, and other matters in which legal advice and other assistance are sought.
Contents
1 Arrangements
1.1 Restrictions on ownership interests
1.2 Multinational law firms
1.3 Financial indicators
2 Structure and promotion
2.1 Partnership
2.1.1 Termination of one's partnership
2.2 "Of counsel" role
2.3 Mergers and acquisitions between law firms
3 Size
3.1 Anglo-American development
3.1.1 Boutique law firms
3.1.2 Virtual Law Firms
3.1.3 "Megafirms" or Biglaw
3.2 "Full service" firms
3.3 Worldwide
3.4 Recession
4 Salaries
4.1 United States
4.2 United Kingdom
4.3 Australia
4.4 Hong Kong
4.5 Singapore
4.6 India
5 Location
6 Rankings
7 In popular culture
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Arrangements[edit]
Law firms are organized in a variety of ways, depending on the jurisdiction in which the firm practices. Common arrangements include:
Sole proprietorship, in which the attorney is the law firm and is responsible for all profit, loss and liability;
General partnership, in which all the attorneys who are members of the firm share ownership, profits and liabilities;
Professional corporations, which issue stock to the attorneys in a fashion similar to that of a business corporation;
Limited liability company, in which the attorney-owners are called "members" but are not directly liable to third party creditors of the law firm (prohibited as against public policy in many jurisdictions but allowed in others in the form of a "Professional Limited Liability Company" or "PLLC");
Professional association, which operates similarly to a professional corporation or a limited liability company;
Limited liability partnership (LLP), in which the attorney-owners are partners with one another, but no partner is liable to any creditor of the law firm nor is any partner liable for any negligence on the part of any other partner. The LLP is taxed as a partnership while enjoying the liability protection of a corporation.
Restrictions on ownership interests[edit]
In many countries, including the United States, there is a rule that only lawyers may have an ownership interest in, or be managers of, a law firm. Thus, law firms cannot quickly raise capital through initial public offerings on the stock market, like most corporations. They must either raise capital through additional capital contributions from existing or additional equity partners, or must take on debt, usually in the form of a line of credit secured by their accounts receivable.
In the United States this complete bar to nonlawyer ownership has been codified by the American Bar Association as paragraph (d) of Rule 5.4 of the Model Rules of Professional Conduct and has been adopted in one form or another in all U.S. jurisdictions,[1][2] except the District of Columbia.[3] However, D.C.'s rule is narrowly tailored to allow equity ownership only by those nonlawyer partners who actively assist the firm's lawyers in providing legal services, and does not allow for the sale of ownership shares to mere passive nonlawyer investors. The U.K. had a similar rule barring nonlawyer ownership, but under reforms implemented by the Legal Services Act of 2007 law firms have been able to take on a limited number of non-lawyer partners and lawyers have been allowed to enter into a wide variety of business relationships with non-lawyers and non-lawyer owned businesses. This has allowed, for example, grocery stores, banks and community organizations to hire lawyers to provide in-store and online basic legal services to customers.
The rule is controversial. It is justified by many in the legal profession, notably the American Bar Association which rejected a proposal to change the rule in its Ethics 20/20 reforms, as necessary to prevent conflicts of interest. In the adversarial system of justice, a lawyer has a duty to be a zealous and loyal advocate on behalf of the client, and also has a duty to not bill the client excessively. Also, as an officer of the court, a lawyer has a duty to be honest and to not file frivolous cases or raise frivolous defenses. Many in the legal profession believe that a lawyer working as a shareholder-employee of a publicly traded law firm might be tempted to evaluate decisions in terms of their effect on the stock price and the shareholders, which would directly conflict with the lawyer's duties to the client and to the courts. Critics of the rule, however, believe that it is an inappropriate way of protecting clients' interests and that it severely limits the potential for the innovation of less costly and higher quality legal services that could benefit both ordinary consumers and businesses.[4]
Multinational law firms[edit]
Law firms operating in multiple countries often have complex structures involving multiple partnerships, particularly in jurisdictions such as Hong Kong and Japan which restrict partnerships between local and foreign lawyers. One structure largely unique to large multinational law firms is the Swiss Verein, pioneered by Baker & McKenzie in 2004, in which multiple national or regional partnerships form an association in which they share branding, administrative functions and various operating costs, but maintain separate revenue pools and often separate partner compensation structures. Other multinational law firms operate as single worldwide partnerships, such as British or American limited liability partnerships, in which partners also participate in local operating entities in various countries as required by local regulations.[5]
Financial indicators[edit]
Three financial statistics are typically used to measure and rank law firms' performance:[6]
Profits per partner (PPP): Net operating income divided by number of equity partners. High PPP is often correlated with prestige of a firm and its attractiveness to potential equity partners. However, the indicator is prone to manipulation by re-classifying less profitable partners as non-equity partners.
Revenue per lawyer (RPL): Gross revenue divided by number of lawyers. This statistic shows the revenue-generating ability of the firm's lawyers in general, but does not factor in the firm's expenses such as associate compensation and office overhead.
Average compensation of partners (ACP): Total amount paid to equity and nonequity partners (i.e., net operating income plus nonequity partner compensation) divided by the total number of equity and nonequity partners. This results in a more inclusive statistic than PPP, but remains prone to manipulation by changing expense policies and re-classifying less profitable partners as associates.
Structure and promotion[edit]
Partnership[edit]
Law firms are typically organized around partners, who are joint owners and business directors of the legal operation; associates, who are employees of the firm with the prospect of becoming partners; and a variety of staff employees, providing paralegal, clerical, and other support services. An associate may have to wait as long as 11 years before the decision is made as to whether the associate "makes partner." Many law firms have an "up or out policy" (pioneered around 1900 by partner Paul Cravath of Cravath, Swaine & Moore):[7] associates who do not make partner are required to resign and join another firm, go it alone as a solo practitioner, go to work in-house in a corporate legal department, or change professions (burnout rates are very high in law).[8]
Making partner is very prestigious at large or midsized firms, due to the competition that naturally results from higher associate-to-partner ratios. Such firms may take out advertisements in professional publications to announce who has made partner. Traditionally, partners shared directly in the profits of the firm, after paying salaried employees, the landlord, and the usual costs of furniture, office supplies, and books for the law library (or a database subscription). Partners in a limited liability partnership can largely operate autonomously with regard to cultivating new business and servicing existing clients within their book of business.
Partner compensation methods vary greatly among law firms. At major United States law firms, the "compensation spread" (ratio between the highest partner salary and lowest partner salary) among firms disclosing information ranges from 3:1 to 24:1. Higher spreads are intended to promote individual performance, while lower spreads are intended to promote teamwork and collegiality.[9]
Many large law firms have moved to a two-tiered partnership model, with equity and non-equity partners. Equity partners are considered to have ownership stakes in the firm, and share in the profits (and losses) of the firm. Non-equity partners are generally paid a fixed salary (albeit much higher than associates), and they are often granted certain limited voting rights with respect to firm operations.
The oldest continuing partnership in the United States is that of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft, founded in 1792 in New York City. The oldest law firm in continuous practice in the United States is Rawle & Henderson LLP, founded in 1783 in Philadelphia.
Termination of one's partnership[edit]
It is rare for a partner to be forced out by fellow partners, although that can happen if the partner commits a crime or malpractice, experiences disruptive mental illness, or is not contributing to the firm's overall profitability. However, some large firms have written into their partnership agreement a forced retirement age for partners, which can be anywhere from age 65 on up. In contrast, most corporate executives are at much higher risk of being fired, even when the underlying cause is not directly their fault, such as a drop in the company's stock price. Worldwide, partner retirement ages can be difficult to estimate and often vary widely, particularly because in many countries it is illegal to mandate a retirement age.[10]
"Of counsel" role[edit]
In the United States, Canada and Japan, many large and midsize firms have attorneys with the job title of "counsel", "special counsel" or "of counsel." As the Supreme Court of California has noted, the title has acquired several related but distinct definitions which do not easily fit into the traditional partner-associate structure.[11] These attorneys are people who work for the firm, like associates, although some firms have an independent contractor relationship with their counsel. But unlike associates, and more like partners, they generally have their own clients, manage their own cases, and supervise associates. These relationships are structured to allow more senior attorneys to share in the resources and "brand name" of the firm without being a part of management or profit sharing decisions. The title is often seen among former associates who do not make partner, or who are laterally recruited to other firms, or who work as in-house counsel and then return to the big firm environment. At some firms, the title "of counsel" is given to retired partners who maintain ties to the firm. Sometimes "of counsel" refers to senior or experienced attorneys, such as foreign legal consultants, with specialized experience in particular aspects of law and practice. They are hired as independent contractors by large firms as a special arrangement, which may lead to profitable results for the partnership. In certain situations "of counsel" could be considered to be a transitional status in the firm.
Mergers and acquisitions between law firms[edit]
Mergers, acquisitions, division and reorganizations occur between law firms as in other businesses. The specific books of business and specialization of attorneys as well as the professional ethical structures surrounding conflict of interest can lead to firms splitting up to pursue different clients or practices, or merging or recruiting experienced attorneys to acquire new clients or practice areas. Results often vary between firms experiencing such transitions. Firms that gain new practice areas or departments through recruiting or mergers that are more complex and demanding (and typically more profitable) may see the focus, organization and resources of the firm shift dramatically towards those new departments. Conversely, firms may be merged among experienced attorneys as partners for purposes of shared financing and resources, while the different departments and practice areas within the new firm retain a significant degree of autonomy.
Law firm mergers tend to be assortative, in that only law firms operating in similar legal systems are likely to merge. For example, U.S. firms will often merge with English law firms, or law firms from other common law jurisdictions. A notable exception is King & Wood Mallesons, a multinational law firm that is the result of a merger between an Australian law firm and a Chinese law firm.
Though mergers are more common among better economies, slowing down a bit during recessions, big firms sometimes use mergers as a strategy to boost revenue during a recession. Nevertheless, data from Altman Weil indicates that only four firms merged in the first half of 2013, as compared to eight in the same period in 2012, and this was taken by them as indicating a dip in morale regarding the legal economy and the amount of demand.[12]
Size[edit]
Law firms can vary widely in size. The smallest law firms are lawyers practicing alone, who form the vast majority of lawyers in nearly all countries.[13][14]
Smaller firms tend to focus on particular specialties of the law (e.g. patent law, labor law, tax law, criminal defense, personal injury); larger firms may be composed of several specialized practice groups, allowing the firm to diversify their client base and market, and to offer a variety of services to their clients.[15]
Large law firms usually have separate litigation and transactional departments. The transactional department advises clients and handles transactional legal work, such as drafting contracts, handling necessary legal applications and filings, and evaluating and ensuring compliance with relevant law; while the litigation department represents clients in court and handles necessary matters (such as discovery and motions filed with the court) throughout the process of litigation.
Anglo-American development[edit]
Boutique law firms[edit]
Lawyers in small cities and towns may still have old-fashioned general practices, but most urban lawyers tend to be highly specialized due to the overwhelming complexity of the law today.[16] Thus, some small firms in the cities specialize in practicing only one kind of law (like employment, antitrust, intellectual property, investment funds, telecommunications or aviation) and are called boutique law firms.[17]
Virtual Law Firms[edit]
A 21st Century development has been the appearance of the virtual law firm, a firm with a virtual business address but no brick & mortar office location open to the public, using modern telecommunications to operate from remote locations and provide its services to international clients, avoiding the costs of maintaining a physical premises with lower overheads than traditional law firms. This lower cost structure allows virtual law firms to bill clients on a contingency basis rather than by billable hours paid in advance by retainer.[18]
"Megafirms" or Biglaw[edit]
The largest law firms have more than 1,000 lawyers. These firms, often colloquially called "megafirms" or "biglaw", generally have offices on several continents, bill US$750 per hour or higher, and have a high ratio of support staff per attorney.[19][20] Because of the localized and regional nature of firms, the relative size of a firm varies.[21]
"Full service" firms[edit]
The largest firms like to call themselves "Big-Law" firms because they have sections specializing on each category of legal work, which in the U.S. usually means mergers and acquisitions transactions,[22] banking, and certain types of high-stakes corporate litigation. These firms rarely do plaintiffs' personal injury work. However the largest law firms are not very large compared to other major businesses (or even other professional services firms). In 2008, the largest law firm in the world was the British firm Clifford Chance, which had revenue of over US$2 billion. This can be compared with $404 billion for the world's largest firm by turnover Exxon Mobil and $28 billion for the largest professional services firm Deloitte.[23]
Worldwide[edit]
The largest law firms in the world are headquartered primarily in the United Kingdom and the United States. However, large firms of more than 1,000 lawyers are also found in Australia (Minter Ellison (1,500 attorneys), China (Dacheng 2,100 attorneys) and Spain (Garrigues, 2,100 attorneys). The American system of licensing attorneys on a state-by-state basis, the tradition of having a headquarters in a single U.S. state and a close focus on profits per partner (as opposed to sheer scale) has to date limited the size of most American law firms. Thus, whilst the most profitable law firms in the world remain in New York, four of the six largest firms in the world are based in London in the United Kingdom.[24] But the huge size of the United States results in a larger number of large firms overall – a 2003 paper noted that the United States alone had 901 law firms with more than 50 lawyers, while there were only 58 such firms in Canada, 44 in Great Britain, 14 in France, and 9 in Germany.[25] There is an increasing tendency towards globalisation of law firms.
Due to their size, the U.S.- and U.K.-based law firms are the most prestigious and powerful in the world, and they tend to dominate the international market for legal services. A 2007 research paper noted that firms from other countries merely pick up their leftovers: "[M]uch of the competition is relatively orderly whereby predominantly Australian, New Zealand, and Canadian firms compete for business not required by English or American law firms."[26]
Recession[edit]
As a result of the U.S. recession in 2008 and 2009 many U.S. law firms have downsized staff considerably, and some have closed. The Denver Post reported that major law firms have cut more than 10,000 jobs nationwide in 2009.[27] On February 12, 2009, Bloomberg reported that 700 jobs were cut that one day at law firms across the country.[28] Among the firms closed included Heller Ehrman, a San Francisco-based firm established in 1890[29] and Halliwells of the UK.[30] Among those that survived, law firm layoffs became so common that trade publications like American Lawyer produced an ongoing “Layoff List” of the law firms nationwide that cut jobs.[31]
Salaries[edit]
Law firm salary structures typically depend on firm size. Small-firm salaries vary widely within countries and from one country to the next, and are not often publicly available. Because most countries do not have unified legal professions, there are often significant disparities in income among the various legal professions within a particular country. Finally, the availability of salary data also depends upon the existence of journalists and sociologists able to collect and analyze such data. The Association of Legal Administrators (ALA) produces an annual study on Law Firm Compensation and Benefits, and can be found at http://alanet.org/compsurvey
United States[edit]
The U.S. is presently the only country with enough lawyers, as well as journalists and sociologists who specialize in studying them, to have widely available data on salary structures at major law firms.
In 2006, median salaries of new graduates ranged from US$50,000 per year in small firms (2 to 10 attorneys) to US$160,000 per year in very large firms (more than 501 attorneys). The distribution of these salaries was highly bimodal, with the majority of new lawyers earning at either the high end or the low end of the scale, and a median salary of US$62,000.[32] In the summer of 2016, New York law firm Cravath, Swaine & Moore raised its first-year associate salary to $180,000. Many other high-end New York-based and large national law firms soon followed.
The traditional salary model for law firm associates is lockstep compensation, in which associate salaries go up by a fixed amount each year from the associate's law school graduation. However, many firms have switched to a level-based compensation system, in which associates are divided into three (or sometimes four) levels based on skills mastered. In 2013, the median salaries for the three associate levels were $152,500, $185,000 and $216,000 among large firms (more than 700 lawyers), and $122,000, $143,500 and $160,000 among all firms.[33]
Some prominent law firms, like Goodwin Procter and Paul Hastings, give generous signing bonuses (e.g., $20k)[34][35] to incoming first-year associates who hold JD/MBA degrees.
Another way law firm associates increase their earnings and /or improve their employment conditions is through a lateral move to another law firm. A recent survey by LexisNexis, indicated that over 95% of law firms consulted intended to hire lateral attorneys within the next two years.[36] Though the success for both the attorney and the law firms in lateral hiring has been questioned. The National Law Review reported that the cost of recruiting, compensating, and integrating a lateral attorney can be upwards of $600,000 and that 60% of lateral attorney hires fail to thrive at their new law firms.[37]
United Kingdom[edit]
British firms typically practise lockstep compensation. In London, entry-level solicitor salaries (NQ - Newly Qualified) are typically: (i) £38,000-54,500 at niche and boutique firms (ii) £61,000-65,500 at national firms (iii) £65,000-105,000 at international firms.
A senior associate with six years' experience may make £68,000-120,000 at a national firm or upwards of £160,000 at a global firm. Salary levels are lower in areas outside London.[38]
Australia[edit]
Australia has regional variation in lawyer salaries, with the highest salary levels in Sydney, followed by Melbourne, Perth, Brisbane, then Adelaide.[39] Salaries vary between top-tier, mid-size, and small firms. At top-tier firms in Sydney, salaries of lawyers who have been admitted to practice range from $75,000 to $92,000 and partners make on average $1,215,000.[40] In Sydney, mid-tier starting salaries for admitted lawyers range from between $65,000 and $82,000[41] Most Australian lawyers are not admitted until 10 months into their time at their law firm, since the initial period involves supervised legal training before admission is granted.
Typically in Australian firms lawyers are in a lock-step system for the first two years of practice, following which pay increases are dependent on performance assessed, in large measure, by satisfaction of billable hour targets.
Hong Kong[edit]
Newly qualified associates at leading firms in Hong Kong typically make HK$840,000 to HK$948,000, with partners in the HK$1.6 million to HK$4 million+ range; many firms pay New York salaries with cost of living adjustments.[42]
Singapore[edit]
At local firms in Singapore, associates in their first three years typically make $60,000 to $100,000, while midlevel (4–7 years) associates make $110,000 to $180,000 and senior (8+ years) associates make $160,000 or more. International firms pay significantly more, with senior associates often making more than $250,000.[43]
India[edit]
There is more information available for entry level soups[definition needed]. First year lawyers earn anywhere between INR 25,000 to INR 1,10,000 a month. Tier 1 law firms provide the best pay package, of about INR 15,00,000 a year.[44] There is wide difference in the salary range in big cities like Chennai and Delhi as opposed to other cities like Mumbai and Kolkata.[45]
Location[edit]
Most law firms are located in office buildings of various sizes, ranging from modest one-story buildings to some of the tallest skyscrapers in the world (though only in 2004, Paul Hastings was the first firm to put its name on a skyscraper).
In late 2001, it was widely publicized that John C. Dearie's personal injury plaintiffs' firm in the state of New York has been experimenting with bus-sized "mobile law offices."[46] The firm insists that it does not "chase ambulances." It claims that a law office on wheels is more convenient for personal injury plaintiffs, who are often recovering from severe injuries and thus find it difficult to travel far from their homes for an intake interview.
Rankings[edit]
As legal practice is adversarial, law firm rankings are widely relied on by prospective associates, lateral hires and legal clients. Substantive rankings typically cover practice areas such as The American Lawyer's Corporate Scorecard[47] and Top IP Firms. Work place rankings are directed toward lawyers or law students, and cover such topics as quality of life, hours, family friendliness and salaries.[48] Finally, statistical rankings generally cover profit-related data such as profits per partner and revenue per lawyer.[49] Third party attorney ranking services such as Chambers and Partners and Martindale-Hubbell are generally very competitive and can help raise an individual attorney's professional profile, and to catch this marketing advantage, over 1,200 attorney ranking and or awards have sprung up in the U.S.[50] Various state bar associations have taken notice of the prolific growth of attorney honor awards and have determined that lawyers may refer to such honors in advertising “only when the basis for comparison can be verified” and the organization providing the award “has made adequate inquiry into the fitness of the individual lawyer.” [51]
In an October 2007 press conference reported in The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times, the law student group Building a Better Legal Profession released its first annual ranking of top law firms by average billable hours, pro bono participation, and demographic diversity.[52][53] Most notably, the report ranked the percentages of women, African-Americans, Hispanics, Asian-Americans, and gays & lesbians at America's top law firms. The group has sent the information to top law schools around the country, encouraging students to take this demographic data into account when choosing where to work after graduation.[54] As more students choose where to work based on the firms' diversity rankings, firms face an increasing market pressure in order to attract top recruits.[55]
In popular culture[edit]
Main articles: Legal drama and Law firms in fiction
A number of television shows, movies and books have revolved around relationships occurring in fictional law firms, highlighting both public fascination with and misperception of the lives of lawyers in high-powered settings.
One popular American legal drama television series is called Suits.There is one popular American dramedy, also known as, comedy-drama called Boston Legal which was created by David E. Kelley and produced in association with 20th Century Fox Television for ABC. It is a spin-off of another long running Kelly series, The Practice, following the exploits of former character Alan Shore at the legal firm of Crane, Poole & Schmidt. [56]
One famous legal movie is called The Firm, which was adapted from a book written by John Grisham.
See also[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Law firms.
Big Five law firms (South Africa)
Big Six law firms (Australia)
Bitter Lawyer
Book of business (law)
Law firm network
List of 100 largest law firms
Magic Circle
Multidisciplinary professional services networks
Offshore magic circle
Seven Sisters (major Canadian law firms)
White shoe firm
Corporated law firm
References[edit]
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External links[edit]
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Different types of law firm in the UK
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