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List of Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States
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This article is part of the series on the
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The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest ranking judicial body in the United States. Its membership, as set by the Judiciary Act of 1869, consists of the Chief Justice of the United States and eight associate justices, any six of whom would constitute a quorum.[1][2] Justices are nominated by the President of the United States and appointed after confirmation by the United States Senate. Justices of the Supreme Court have life tenure[3] and receive a salary which is set at $255,500 per year for the chief justice and at $244,400 per year for each associate justice as of 2014.[4][5][6]
The Supreme Court was created in 1789 by Article III of the United States Constitution, which stipulated that the "judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court" together with any lower courts Congress may establish.[3] Congress organized the Court that year with the passage of the Judiciary Act of 1789. It specified the Court's original and appellate jurisdiction, created thirteen judicial districts, and fixed the number of justices at six (one chief justice and five associate justices).[7][8]
Since 1789, Congress has occasionally altered the size of the Supreme Court, historically in response to the country's own expansion in size. An 1801 act would have decreased the Court's size to five members upon its next vacancy. However, an 1802 act negated the effects of the 1801 act upon the Court before any such vacancy occurred, maintaining the Court's size at six members. Later legislation increased its size to seven members in 1807, to nine in 1837, and to ten in 1863. An 1866 act was to have reduced the Court's size from ten members to seven upon its next three vacancies, and two vacancies did occur during this period. However, before a third vacancy occurred, the Judiciary Act of 1869 intervened, restoring the Court's size to nine members, where it has remained since.[9]
While the justices of the Supreme Court are appointed for life, many have retired or resigned. Beginning in the early 20th century, many justices who left the Court voluntarily did so by retiring from the Court without leaving the federal judiciary altogether. A retired justice, according to the United States Code, is no longer a member of the Supreme Court, but remains eligible to serve by designation as a judge of a U.S. Court of Appeals or District Court, and many retired justices have served in these capacities. Historically, the average length of service on the Court has been less than 15 years. However, since 1970 the average length of service has increased to about 26 years.[10]
Contents
[hide]
1 Current Justices of the Supreme Court
2 All Justices of the Supreme Court
2.1 Notes
3 Timelines
3.1 All justices
3.2 Current justices
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Current Justices of the Supreme Court[edit]
There are currently nine justices serving on the Supreme Court; listed in order of seniority, they are:
John Roberts,
Chief Justice
since September 29, 2005
Age 7001620000000000000♠62
Anthony Kennedy,
Associate Justice
since February 18, 1988
Age 7001810000000000000♠81
Clarence Thomas,
Associate Justice
since October 23, 1991
Age 7001690000000000000♠69
Ruth Bader Ginsburg,
Associate Justice
since August 10, 1993
Age 7001840000000000000♠84
Stephen Breyer,
Associate Justice
since August 3, 1994
Age 7001790000000000000♠79
Samuel Alito,
Associate Justice
since January 31, 2006
Age 7001670000000000000♠67
Sonia Sotomayor,
Associate Justice
since August 8, 2009
Age 7001630000000000000♠63
Elena Kagan,
Associate Justice
since August 7, 2010
Age 7001570000000000000♠57
Neil Gorsuch,
Associate Justice
since April 10, 2017
Age 7001500000000000000♠50
All Justices of the Supreme Court[edit]
Since the Supreme Court was established in 1789, 113 persons have served on the Court. Five individuals in this group were confirmed for associate justice, and later confirmed for chief justice separately. While listed twice, each of them has been assigned only one index number. The justices of the Supreme Court are:[11][12]
Justice
State[a]
Position
Replacing
Date confirmed
(Vote)
Tenure
Tenure length
Appointed by
1 John Jay
(1745–1829) NY Chief
Justice New seat 001 !September 26, 1789
(Acclamation) 001 !September 26, 1789
–
June 29, 1795
(Resigned) 7003210200000000000♠5 years, 276 days George Washington
2 John Rutledge
(1739–1800) SC Associate
Justice New seat 002 !September 26, 1789
(Acclamation) 002 !September 26, 1789
–
March 4, 1791
(Resigned) 7002524000000000000♠1 year, 159 days
3 William Cushing
(1732–1810) MA Associate
Justice New seat 003 !September 26, 1789
(Acclamation) 003 !September 27, 1789
–
September 13, 1810
(Died) 7003765500000000000♠20 years, 351 days
4 James Wilson
(1742–1798) PA Associate
Justice New seat 004 !September 26, 1789
(Acclamation) 004 !September 29, 1789
–
August 21, 1798
(Died) 7003324800000000000♠8 years, 326 days
5 John Blair
(1732–1800) VA Associate
Justice New seat 005 !September 26, 1789
(Acclamation) 005 !September 30, 1789
–
October 25, 1795
(Resigned) 7003221600000000000♠6 years, 25 days
6 James Iredell
(1751–1799) NC Associate
Justice New seat 006 !February 10, 1790
(Acclamation) 006 !May 12, 1790
–
October 20, 1799
(Died) 7003344800000000000♠9 years, 161 days
7 Thomas Johnson
(1732–1819) MD Associate
Justice J. Rutledge 007 !November 7, 1791
(Acclamation) 007 !August 5, 1792[b][c]
–
January 16, 1793
(Resigned) 7002164000000000000♠164 days
8 William Paterson
(1745–1806) NJ Associate
Justice T. Johnson 008 !March 4, 1793
(Acclamation) 008 !March 4, 1793
–
September 8, 1806
(Died) 7003493500000000000♠13 years, 188 days
2
[d] John Rutledge
(1739–1800) SC Chief
Justice Jay 009 !December 15, 1795
(10–14)[e] 009 !June 30, 1795[b]
–
December 28, 1795
(Resigned) 7002181000000000000♠181 days
9 Samuel Chase[f]
(1741–1811) MD Associate
Justice Blair 010 !January 27, 1796
(Acclamation) 010 !January 27, 1796
–
June 19, 1811
(Died) 7003562100000000000♠15 years, 143 days
10 Oliver Ellsworth
(1745–1807) CT Chief
Justice J. Rutledge 011 !March 4, 1796
(21–1) 011 !March 8, 1796
–
December 15, 1800
(Resigned) 7003174200000000000♠4 years, 282 days
11 Bushrod Washington
(1762–1829) VA Associate
Justice Wilson 012 !December 20, 1798
(Acclamation) 012 !December 20, 1798
–
November 26, 1829
(Died) 7004112980000000000♠30 years, 341 days John Adams
12 Alfred Moore
(1755–1810) NC Associate
Justice Iredell 013 !December 9, 1799
(Acclamation) 013 !December 10, 1799
–
January 26, 1804
(Resigned) 7003150700000000000♠4 years, 47 days
13 John Marshall
(1755–1835) VA Chief
Justice Ellsworth 014 !January 27, 1801
(Acclamation) 014 !February 4, 1801
–
July 6, 1835
(died) 7004125700000000000♠34 years, 152 days
14 William Johnson
(1771–1834) SC Associate
Justice Moore 015 !March 24, 1804
(Acclamation) 015 !May 7, 1804
–
August 4, 1834
(Died) 7004110460000000000♠30 years, 89 days Thomas Jefferson
15 Henry Brockholst Livingston
(1757–1823) NY Associate
Justice Paterson 016 !December 17, 1806
(Acclamation) 016 !January 20, 1807
–
March 18, 1823
(Died) 7003590100000000000♠16 years, 57 days
16 Thomas Todd
(1765–1826) KY Associate
Justice New seat 017 !March 2, 1807
(Acclamation) 017 !March 3, 1807
–
February 7, 1826
(Died) 7003691600000000000♠18 years, 341 days
17 Gabriel Duvall
(1752–1844) MD Associate
Justice S. Chase 018 !November 18, 1811
(Acclamation) 018 !November 23, 1811
–
January 12, 1835
(Resigned) 7003845100000000000♠23 years, 50 days James Madison
18 Joseph Story
(1779–1845) MA Associate
Justice Cushing 019 !November 18, 1811
(Acclamation) 019 !February 3, 1812
–
September 10, 1845
(Died) 7004122730000000000♠33 years, 219 days
19 Smith Thompson
(1768–1843) NY Associate
Justice Livingston 020 !December 9, 1823
(Acclamation) 020 !September 1, 1823[b]
–
December 18, 1843
(Died) 7003741300000000000♠20 years, 108 days James Monroe
20 Robert Trimble
(1776–1828) KY Associate
Justice Todd 021 !May 9, 1826
(25–5) 021 !May 9, 1826
–
August 25, 1828
(Died) 7002839000000000000♠2 years, 108 days John Quincy Adams
21 John McLean
(1785–1861) OH Associate
Justice Trimble 022 !March 7, 1829
(Acclamation) 022 !March 7, 1829
–
April 4, 1861
(Died) 7004117160000000000♠32 years, 28 days Andrew Jackson
22 Henry Baldwin
(1780–1844) PA Associate
Justice Washington 023 !January 6, 1830
(41–2) 023 !January 6, 1830
–
April 21, 1844
(Died) 7003521900000000000♠14 years, 106 days
23 James Moore Wayne
(1790–1867) GA Associate
Justice W. Johnson 024 !January 9, 1835
(Acclamation) 024 !January 14, 1835
–
July 5, 1867
(Died) 7004118600000000000♠32 years, 172 days
24 Roger B. Taney
(1777–1864) MD Chief
Justice J. Marshall 025 !March 15, 1836
(29–15) 025 !March 28, 1836
–
October 12, 1864
(Died) 7004104250000000000♠28 years, 198 days
25 Philip Pendleton Barbour
(1783–1841) VA Associate
Justice Duvall 026 !March 15, 1836
(30–11) 026 !March 15, 1836
–
February 25, 1841
(Died) 7003180800000000000♠4 years, 347 days
26 John Catron
(1786–1865) TN Associate
Justice New seat 027 !March 8, 1837
(28–15) 027 !March 8, 1837
–
May 30, 1865
(Died) 7004103100000000000♠28 years, 83 days
27 John McKinley
(1780–1852) AL Associate
Justice New seat 028 !September 25, 1837
(Acclamation) 028 !April 22, 1837
–
July 19, 1852
(Died) 7003556700000000000♠15 years, 88 days Martin Van Buren
28 Peter Vivian Daniel
(1784–1860) VA Associate
Justice Barbour 029 !March 2, 1841
(25–5) 029 !March 3, 1841
–
May 31, 1860
(Died) 7003702900000000000♠19 years, 89 days
29 Samuel Nelson
(1792–1873) NY Associate
Justice Thompson 030 !February 14, 1845
(Acclamation) 030 !February 14, 1845
–
November 28, 1872
(Retired) 7004101490000000000♠27 years, 288 days John Tyler
30 Levi Woodbury
(1789–1851) NH Associate
Justice Story 031 !January 31, 1846
(Acclamation) 031 !September 20, 1845[b]
–
September 4, 1851
(Died) 7003217500000000000♠5 years, 349 days James K. Polk
31 Robert Cooper Grier
(1794–1870) PA Associate
Justice Baldwin 032 !August 4, 1846
(Acclamation) 032 !August 4, 1846
–
January 31, 1870
(Retired) 7003858100000000000♠23 years, 180 days
32 Benjamin Robbins Curtis
(1809–1874) MA Associate
Justice Woodbury 033 !December 20, 1851
(Acclamation) 033 !September 22, 1851[b]
–
September 30, 1857
(Resigned) 7003220000000000000♠6 years, 8 days Millard Fillmore
33 John Archibald Campbell
(1811–1889) AL Associate
Justice McKinley 034 !March 22, 1853
(Acclamation) 034 !March 23, 1853
–
April 30, 1861
(Resigned) 7003296000000000000♠8 years, 38 days Franklin Pierce
34 Nathan Clifford
(1803–1881) ME Associate
Justice Curtis 035 !January 12, 1858
(26–23) 035 !January 12, 1858
–
July 25, 1881
(Died) 7003859500000000000♠23 years, 194 days James Buchanan
35 Noah Haynes Swayne
(1804–1884) OH Associate
Justice McLean 036 !January 24, 1862
(38–1) 036 !January 24, 1862
–
January 24, 1881
(Retired) 7003694000000000000♠19 years, 0 days Abraham Lincoln
36 Samuel Freeman Miller
(1816–1890) IA Associate
Justice Daniel 037 !July 16, 1862
(Acclamation) 037 !July 16, 1862
–
October 13, 1890
(Died) 7004103160000000000♠28 years, 89 days
37 David Davis
(1815–1886) IL Associate
Justice Campbell 038 !December 8, 1862
(Acclamation) 038 !October 17, 1862[b]
–
March 3, 1877
(Resigned) 7003525100000000000♠14 years, 137 days
38 Stephen Johnson Field
(1816–1899) CA Associate
Justice New seat 039 !March 10, 1863
(Acclamation) 039 !March 10, 1863
–
December 1, 1897
(Retired) 7004126850000000000♠34 years, 266 days
39 Salmon P. Chase
(1808–1873) OH Chief
Justice Taney 040 !December 6, 1864
(Acclamation) 040 !December 15, 1864
–
May 7, 1873
(Died) 7003307400000000000♠8 years, 152 days
40 William Strong
(1808–1895) PA Associate
Justice Grier 041 !February 18, 1870
(No vote recorded) 041 !February 18, 1870
–
December 14, 1880
(Retired) 7003395200000000000♠10 years, 300 days Ulysses S. Grant
41 Joseph Philo Bradley
(1813–1892) NJ Associate
Justice New seat 042 !March 21, 1870
(46–9) 042 !March 21, 1870
–
January 22, 1892
(Died) 7003797700000000000♠21 years, 307 days
42 Ward Hunt
(1810–1886) NY Associate
Justice Nelson 043 !December 11, 1872
(Acclamation) 043 !December 11, 1872
–
January 27, 1882
(Retired) 7003333400000000000♠9 years, 47 days
43 Morrison Waite
(1816–1888) OH Chief
Justice S. P. Chase 044 !January 21, 1874
(63–0) 044 !March 4, 1874
–
March 23, 1888
(Died) 7003513300000000000♠14 years, 19 days
44 John Marshall Harlan
(1833–1911) KY Associate
Justice Davis 045 !November 29, 1877
(Acclamation) 045 !November 29, 1877
–
October 14, 1911
(Died) 7004123710000000000♠33 years, 319 days Rutherford B. Hayes
45 William Burnham Woods
(1824–1887) GA Associate
Justice Strong 046 !December 21, 1880
(39–8) 046 !December 21, 1880
–
May 14, 1887
(Died) 7003233500000000000♠6 years, 144 days
46 Stanley Matthews
(1824–1889) OH Associate
Justice Swayne 047 !May 12, 1881
(24–23) 047 !May 12, 1881
–
March 22, 1889
(Died) 7003287100000000000♠7 years, 314 days James Garfield
47 Horace Gray
(1828–1902) MA Associate
Justice Clifford 048 !December 20, 1881
(51–5) 048 !December 20, 1881
–
September 15, 1902
(Died) 7003757300000000000♠20 years, 269 days Chester A. Arthur
48 Samuel Blatchford
(1820–1893) NY Associate
Justice Hunt 049 !March 22, 1882
(Acclamation) 049 !March 22, 1882
–
July 7, 1893
(Died) 7003412500000000000♠11 years, 107 days
49 Lucius Quintus
Cincinnatus Lamar II
(1825–1893) MS Associate
Justice Woods 050 !January 16, 1888
(32–28) 050 !January 16, 1888
–
January 23, 1893
(Died) 7003183400000000000♠5 years, 7 days Grover Cleveland
50 Melville Fuller
(1833–1910) IL Chief
Justice Waite 051 !July 20, 1888
(41–20) 051 !October 8, 1888
–
July 4, 1910
(Died) 7003793800000000000♠21 years, 269 days
51 David Josiah Brewer
(1837–1910) KS Associate
Justice Matthews 052 !December 18, 1889
(53–11) 052 !December 18, 1889
–
March 28, 1910
(Died) 7003740400000000000♠20 years, 100 days Benjamin Harrison
52 Henry Billings Brown
(1836–1913) MI Associate
Justice Miller 053 !December 29, 1890
(Acclamation) 053 !December 29, 1890
–
May 28, 1906
(Retired) 7003562800000000000♠15 years, 150 days
53 George Shiras, Jr.
(1832–1924) PA Associate
Justice Bradley 054 !July 26, 1892
(Acclamation) 054 !July 26, 1892
–
February 23, 1903
(Retired) 7003386300000000000♠10 years, 212 days
54 Howell Edmunds Jackson
(1832–1895) TN Associate
Justice L. Lamar 055 !February 18, 1893
(Acclamation) 055 !February 18, 1893
–
August 8, 1895
(Died) 7002901000000000000♠2 years, 171 days
55 Edward Douglass White
(1845–1921) LA Associate
Justice Blatchford 056 !February 19, 1894
(Acclamation) 056 !February 19, 1894
–
December 18, 1910
(Continued as chief justice) 7003614500000000000♠16 years, 302 days Grover Cleveland
56 Rufus Wheeler Peckham
(1838–1909) NY Associate
Justice H. Jackson 057 !December 9, 1895
(Acclamation) 057 !December 9, 1895
–
October 24, 1909
(Died) 7003506700000000000♠13 years, 319 days
57 Joseph McKenna
(1843–1926) CA Associate
Justice[g] Field 058 !January 21, 1898
(Acclamation) 058 !January 21, 1898
–
January 5, 1925
(Retired) 7003984500000000000♠26 years, 350 days William McKinley
58 Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.
(1841–1935) MA Associate
Justice[h] Gray 059 !December 4, 1902
(Acclamation) 059 !December 4, 1902
–
January 12, 1932
(Retired) 7004106310000000000♠29 years, 39 days Theodore Roosevelt
59 William R. Day
(1849–1923) OH Associate
Justice Shiras 060 !February 23, 1903
(Acclamation) 060 !February 23, 1903
–
November 13, 1922
(Retired) 7003720300000000000♠19 years, 263 days
60 William Henry Moody
(1853–1917) MA Associate
Justice Brown 061 !December 12, 1906
(Acclamation) 061 !December 12, 1906
–
November 20, 1910
(Retired) 7003143900000000000♠3 years, 343 days
61 Horace Harmon Lurton
(1844–1914) TN Associate
Justice Peckham 062 !December 20, 1909
(Acclamation) 062 !December 20, 1909
–
July 12, 1914
(Died) 7003166500000000000♠4 years, 204 days William Howard Taft
62 Charles Evans Hughes
(1862–1948) NY Associate
Justice Brewer 063 !May 2, 1910
(Acclamation) 063 !October 10, 1910
–
June 10, 1916
(Resigned) 7003207000000000000♠5 years, 244 days
55
[i] Edward Douglass White
(1845–1921) LA Chief
Justice Fuller 064 !December 12, 1910
(Acclamation) 064 !December 19, 1910
–
May 19, 1921
(Died) 7003380400000000000♠10 years, 151 days
63 Willis Van Devanter
(1859–1941) WY Associate
Justice E. D. White 065 !December 15, 1910
(Acclamation) 065 !December 16, 1910
–
June 2, 1937
(Retired) 7003966500000000000♠26 years, 168 days
64 Joseph Rucker Lamar
(1857–1916) GA Associate
Justice Moody 066 !December 15, 1910
(Acclamation) 066 !December 17, 1910
–
January 2, 1916
(Died) 7003184200000000000♠5 years, 16 days
65 Mahlon Pitney
(1858–1924) NJ Associate
Justice J. Harlan 067 !March 13, 1912
(50–26) 067 !March 13, 1912
–
December 31, 1922
(Resigned) 7003394500000000000♠10 years, 293 days
66 James Clark McReynolds
(1862–1946) TN Associate
Justice Lurton 068 !August 29, 1914
(44–6) 068 !August 29, 1914
–
January 31, 1941
(Retired) 7003965200000000000♠26 years, 155 days Woodrow Wilson
67 Louis Brandeis
(1856–1941) KY Associate
Justice J. Lamar 069 !June 1, 1916
(47–22) 069 !June 1, 1916
–
February 13, 1939
(Retired) 7003829200000000000♠22 years, 257 days
68 John Hessin Clarke
(1857–1945) OH Associate
Justice Hughes 070 !July 24, 1916
(Acclamation) 070 !July 24, 1916
–
September 5, 1922
(Retired) 7003223400000000000♠6 years, 43 days
69 William Howard Taft
(1857–1930) CT Chief
Justice E. D. White 071 !June 30, 1921
(Acclamation) 071 !July 11, 1921
–
February 3, 1930
(Retired) 7003312900000000000♠8 years, 207 days Warren G. Harding
70 George Sutherland
(1862–1942) UT Associate
Justice Clarke 072 !September 5, 1922
(Acclamation) 072 !September 5, 1922
–
January 17, 1938
(Retired) 7003561300000000000♠15 years, 134 days
71 Pierce Butler
(1866–1939) MN Associate
Justice Day 073 !December 21, 1922
(61–8) 073 !December 21, 1922
–
November 16, 1939
(Died) 7003617400000000000♠16 years, 330 days
72 Edward Terry Sanford
(1865–1930) TN Associate
Justice Pitney 074 !January 29, 1923
(Acclamation) 074 !January 29, 1923
–
March 8, 1930
(Died) 7003259500000000000♠7 years, 38 days
73 Harlan F. Stone
(1872–1946) NY Associate
Justice[j] McKenna 075 !February 5, 1925
(71–6) 075 !February 5, 1925
–
July 3, 1941
(Continued as chief justice) 7003599200000000000♠16 years, 148 days Calvin Coolidge
62
[d] Charles Evans Hughes
(1862–1948) NY Chief
Justice Taft 076 !February 13, 1930
(52–26) 076 !February 24, 1930
–
June 30, 1941
(Retired) 7003414400000000000♠11 years, 126 days Herbert Hoover
74 Owen Josephus Roberts
(1875–1955) PA Associate
Justice Sanford 077 !May 20, 1930
(Acclamation) 077 !May 20, 1930
–
July 31, 1945
(Resigned) 7003555100000000000♠15 years, 72 days
75 Benjamin N. Cardozo
(1870–1938) NY Associate
Justice Holmes 078 !February 24, 1932
(Acclamation) 078 !March 2, 1932
–
July 9, 1938
(Died) 7003232000000000000♠6 years, 129 days
76 Hugo Black
(1886–1971) AL Associate
Justice[k] Van Devanter 079 !August 17, 1937
(63–16) 079 !August 18, 1937
–
September 17, 1971
(Retired) 7004124480000000000♠34 years, 30 days Franklin D. Roosevelt
77 Stanley Forman Reed
(1884–1980) KY Associate
Justice Sutherland 080 !January 25, 1938
(Acclamation) 080 !January 27, 1938
–
February 25, 1957
(Retired) 7003696900000000000♠19 years, 29 days
78 Felix Frankfurter
(1882–1965) MA Associate
Justice Cardozo 081 !January 17, 1939
(Acclamation) 081 !January 20, 1939
–
August 28, 1962
(Retired) 7003862100000000000♠23 years, 220 days
79 William O. Douglas
(1898–1980) CT Associate
Justice Brandeis 082 !April 4, 1939
(62–4) 082 !April 15, 1939
–
November 12, 1975
(Retired) 7004133600000000000♠36 years, 211 days
80 Frank Murphy
(1890–1949) MI Associate
Justice Butler 083 !January 16, 1940
(Acclamation) 083 !January 18, 1940
–
July 19, 1949
(Died) 7003347000000000000♠9 years, 182 days
73
[i] Harlan F. Stone
(1872–1946) NY Chief
Justice Hughes 084 !June 27, 1941
(Acclamation) 084 !July 3, 1941
–
April 22, 1946
(Died) 7003175400000000000♠4 years, 293 days
81 James F. Byrnes
(1882–1972) SC Associate
Justice McReynolds 085 !June 12, 1941
(Acclamation) 085 !July 8, 1941
–
October 3, 1942
(Resigned) 7002452000000000000♠1 year, 87 days
82 Robert H. Jackson
(1892–1954) NY Associate
Justice Stone 086 !July 7, 1941
(Acclamation) 086 !July 11, 1941
–
October 9, 1954
(Died) 7003483800000000000♠13 years, 90 days
83 Wiley Blount Rutledge
(1894–1949) IA Associate
Justice Byrnes 087 !February 8, 1943
(Acclamation) 087 !February 11, 1943
–
September 10, 1949
(Died) 7003240300000000000♠6 years, 211 days
84 Harold Hitz Burton
(1888–1964) OH Associate
Justice O. Roberts 088 !September 19, 1945
(Acclamation) 088 !September 22, 1945
–
October 13, 1958
(Retired) 7003476900000000000♠13 years, 21 days Harry S. Truman
85 Fred M. Vinson
(1890–1953) KY Chief
Justice Stone 089 !June 20, 1946
(Acclamation) 089 !June 24, 1946
–
September 8, 1953
(Died) 7003263300000000000♠7 years, 76 days
86 Tom C. Clark
(1899–1977) TX Associate
Justice Murphy 090 !August 18, 1949
(73–8) 090 !August 19, 1949
–
June 12, 1967
(Retired) 7003650600000000000♠17 years, 297 days
87 Sherman Minton
(1890–1965) IN Associate
Justice W. Rutledge 091 !October 4, 1949
(48–16) 091 !October 12, 1949
–
October 15, 1956
(Retired) 7003256000000000000♠7 years, 3 days
88 Earl Warren
(1891–1974) CA Chief
Justice Vinson 092 !March 1, 1954
(Acclamation) 092 !October 5, 1953[b]
–
June 23, 1969
(Retired) 7003574000000000000♠15 years, 261 days Dwight D. Eisenhower
89 John Marshall Harlan II
(1899–1971) NY Associate
Justice R. Jackson 093 !March 16, 1955
(71–11) 093 !March 17, 1955
–
September 23, 1971
(Retired) 7003603400000000000♠16 years, 190 days
90 William J. Brennan
(1906–1997) NJ Associate
Justice Minton 094 !March 19, 1957
(Acclamation) 094 !October 15, 1956[b]
–
July 20, 1990
(Retired) 7004123310000000000♠33 years, 278 days
91 Charles Evans Whittaker
(1901–1973) MO Associate
Justice Reed 095 !March 19, 1957
(Acclamation) 095 !March 22, 1957
–
March 31, 1962
(Resigned) 7003183500000000000♠5 years, 9 days
92 Potter Stewart
(1915–1985) OH Associate
Justice Burton 096 !May 5, 1959
(70–17) 096 !October 14, 1958[b]
–
July 3, 1981
(Retired) 7003829800000000000♠22 years, 262 days
93 Byron White
(1917–2002) CO Associate
Justice Whittaker 097 !April 11, 1962
(Acclamation) 097 !April 16, 1962
–
June 28, 1993
(Retired) 7004113960000000000♠31 years, 73 days John F. Kennedy
94 Arthur Goldberg
(1908–1990) IL Associate
Justice Frankfurter 098 !September 25, 1962
(Acclamation) 098 !September 28, 1962
–
July 26, 1965
(Resigned) 7003103200000000000♠2 years, 301 days
95 Abe Fortas
(1910–1982) TN Associate
Justice Goldberg 099 !August 11, 1965
(Acclamation) 099 !October 4, 1965
–
May 14, 1969
(Resigned) 7003131800000000000♠3 years, 222 days Lyndon B. Johnson
96 Thurgood Marshall
(1908–1993) NY Associate
Justice Clark 100 !August 30, 1967
(69–11) 100 !October 2, 1967
–
October 1, 1991
(Retired) 7003876500000000000♠23 years, 364 days
97 Warren E. Burger
(1907–1995) VA Chief
Justice Warren 101 !June 9, 1969
(74–3) 101 !June 23, 1969
–
September 26, 1986
(Retired) 7003630400000000000♠17 years, 95 days Richard Nixon
98 Harry Blackmun
(1908–1999) MN Associate
Justice Fortas 102 !May 12, 1970
(94–0) 102 !June 9, 1970
–
August 3, 1994
(Retired) 7003882100000000000♠24 years, 55 days
99 Lewis Franklin Powell Jr.
(1907–1998) VA Associate
Justice Black 103 !December 6, 1971
(89–1) 103 !January 7, 1972
–
June 26, 1987
(Retired) 7003564900000000000♠15 years, 170 days
100 William Rehnquist
(1924–2005) AZ Associate
Justice J. Harlan II 104 !December 10, 1971
(68–26) 104 !January 7, 1972
–
September 26, 1986
(Continued as chief justice) 7003537600000000000♠14 years, 262 days
101 John Paul Stevens
(born 1920) IL Associate
Justice[l] Douglas 105 !December 17, 1975
(98–0) 105 !December 19, 1975
–
June 29, 2010
(Retired) 7004126110000000000♠34 years, 192 days Gerald Ford
102 Sandra Day O'Connor
(born 1930) AZ Associate
Justice Stewart 106 !September 21, 1981
(99–0) 106 !September 25, 1981
–
January 31, 2006
(Retired) 7003889400000000000♠24 years, 128 days Ronald Reagan
100
[i] William Rehnquist
(1924–2005) VA Chief
Justice Burger 107 !September 17, 1986
(65–33) 107 !September 26, 1986
–
September 3, 2005
(Died) 7003691700000000000♠18 years, 342 days
103 Antonin Scalia
(1936–2016) VA Associate
Justice Rehnquist 108 !September 17, 1986
(98–0) 108 !September 26, 1986
–
February 13, 2016
(Died) 7004107320000000000♠29 years, 140 days
104 Anthony Kennedy
(born 1936) CA Associate
Justice Powell 109 !February 3, 1988
(97–0) 109 !February 18, 1988
–
Incumbent 7004108940000000000♠29 years, 301 days
105 David Souter
(born 1939) NH Associate
Justice Brennan 110 !October 2, 1990
(90–9) 110 !October 9, 1990
–
June 29, 2009
(Retired) 7003683800000000000♠18 years, 263 days George H. W. Bush
106 Clarence Thomas
(born 1948) GA Associate
Justice T. Marshall 111 !October 15, 1991
(52–48) 111 !October 23, 1991
–
Incumbent 7003955100000000000♠26 years, 54 days
107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg
(born 1933) NY Associate
Justice B. White 112 !August 3, 1993
(96–3) 112 !August 10, 1993
–
Incumbent 7003889400000000000♠24 years, 128 days Bill Clinton
108 Stephen Breyer
(born 1938) MA Associate
Justice Blackmun 113 !July 29, 1994
(87–9) 113 !August 3, 1994
–
Incumbent 7003853600000000000♠23 years, 135 days
109 John Roberts
(born 1955) MD Chief
Justice Rehnquist 114 !September 29, 2005
(78–22) 114 !September 29, 2005
–
Incumbent 7003446100000000000♠12 years, 78 days George W. Bush
110 Samuel Alito
(born 1950) NJ Associate
Justice O'Connor 115 !January 31, 2006
(58–42) 115 !January 31, 2006
–
Incumbent 7003433700000000000♠11 years, 319 days
111 Sonia Sotomayor
(born 1954) NY Associate
Justice Souter 116 !August 6, 2009
(68–31) 116 !August 8, 2009
–
Incumbent 7003305200000000000♠8 years, 130 days Barack Obama
112 Elena Kagan
(born 1960) MA Associate
Justice Stevens 117 !August 5, 2010
(63–37) 117 !August 7, 2010
–
Incumbent 7003268800000000000♠7 years, 131 days
113 Neil Gorsuch
(born 1967) CO Associate
Justice Scalia 118 !April 7, 2017
(54–45) 118 !April 10, 2017
–
Incumbent 7002250000000000000♠250 days Donald Trump
Justice
State[a]
Position
Replacing
Date confirmed
(Vote)
Tenure
Tenure length
Appointed by
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b State of residence at the time of appointment. For example, in 1971, Rehnquist was appointed from Arizona, but in 1986, when elevated to chief justice, he was appointed from Virginia.[13]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Recess appointment
Jump up ^ Received recess appointment on August 5, 1791, but was not sworn in until August 6, 1792.
^ Jump up to: a b Served on the Supreme Court twice, first as associate justice and then, after a period of years off the Court, as chief justice, which is why this justice is listed twice.
Jump up ^ This was the first Supreme Court nomination to be rejected by the Senate. Rutledge remains the only "recess appointed" justice not to be subsequently confirmed by the Senate.
Jump up ^ Was impeached, but not convicted, and remained in office.
Jump up ^ Acted as chief justice under 36 Stat. 1152, May 19 – July 11, 1921.
Jump up ^ Acted as chief justice under 36 Stat. 1152, February 3–24, 1930.
^ Jump up to: a b c Elevated from associate justice to chief justice while serving on the Supreme Court. The nomination of a sitting associate justice to be chief justice is subject to a separate confirmation process, which is why this justice is listed twice.
Jump up ^ Acted as chief justice under 36 Stat. 1152, June 30 – July 3, 1941.
Jump up ^ Acted as chief justice under 36 Stat. 1152, April 22 – June 24, 1946, and again, under 62 Stat. 869, September 8 – October 5, 1953.
Jump up ^ Acted as chief justice under 62 Stat. 869, September 3–29, 2005.
Timelines[edit]
All justices[edit]
The graphic below is a timeline depicting the progression of the justices on the Supreme Court. Information regarding their seat number, predecessors, successors and fellow justices, as well as their tenure on the court can be gleaned from the timeline. Additionally, the progression of presidents, along with the number of justices each nominated, is shown at the top of the timeline to give a more detailed historical context. Three presidents—Taft, F. Roosevelt, and Reagan—successfully nominated a sitting associate justice to become chief justice. Such appointments are subject to a separate confirmation process, and are counted as such. Due to the several changes in the size of the Court since 1789, two of the ten associate justice seats chronicled below have been abolished. "Seat 5" was last held by James Wayne, who died in 1867, and "Seat 7" was last held by John Catron, who died in 1865.
This graphical timeline also allows some otherwise obscure information to be easily noted.
Edward Douglass White, Harlan F. Stone, and William Rehnquist were elevated from associate justice to chief justice while serving on the Supreme Court.
John Rutledge and Charles Evans Hughes served on the Supreme Court twice, first as associate justice, and then, after a period of years off the Court, as chief justice.
Joseph Story (in the early 19th century) and Stephen Breyer (in the late 20th and early 21st centuries) are each noteworthy for serving over 11 years as the court's most junior member. Elena Kagan (in the 2010s) served the third longest as the court's most junior member for over 6 and a half years.
Thomas Johnson (1790s), Robert Trimble (1820s) and Arthur Goldberg (1960s) are the only justices to leave the court while still being the court's most junior member.
William Rehnquist is unique in that he is the only justice to witness all of his more senior justices leave the court, without witnessing any of his more junior justices leave the court.
Hugo Black, in addition to witnessing all eight of his predecessors leave the court, saw 22 new members appointed to the court (his predecessors' eight replacements and 14 others), meaning he worked beside a record 30 justices.
Current justices[edit]
See also[edit]
Supreme Court of the United States
List of Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States by court composition
List of law schools attended by United States Supreme Court Justices
List of Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States by seat
List of United States Supreme Court Justices by time in office
List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States
List of nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States
Unsuccessful nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States
Other
List of national supreme courts
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Stathis, Stephen W. (2014). Landmark Legislation 1774-2012: Major U.S. Acts and Treaties. CQ Press. p. 122.
Jump up ^ Hall, Kermit L. (2005). "Judiciary Act of 1869". In Hall, Kermit L.; Ely, James W.; Grossman, Joel B. The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States. Oxford University Press. p. 548.
^ Jump up to: a b "Article III". Cornell University Law School. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ Mears, Bill (January 1, 2010). "Chief Justice Roberts has little to say at year's end". CNN. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ Barnes, Robert (January 1, 2010). "Supreme Court Chief Justice Roberts opts not to ask Congress to raise judicial salaries". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ Rowley, James (January 13, 2014). "Federal Judges in U.S. See $25,000 More as Salary Freeze Falls". Bloomberg. Retrieved May 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ "About The Supreme Court". Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts. Archived from the original on April 12, 2010. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Supreme Court Research Guide". Georgetown Law Library. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ Smith, Jean Edward (July 26, 2007). "Stacking the Court". The New York Times. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ Rosen, Jeffrey (February 26, 2008). "Dems' Choices For Bench Surprisingly Slim". CBS News. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ "U.S. Senate: Supreme Court Nominations: 1789-Present". www.senate.gov. United States Senate. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Timeline of the Justices". www.supremecourthistory.org. Supreme Court Historical Society. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Members of the Supreme Court of the United States". www.supremecourt.gov. United States Supreme Court. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
External links[edit]
[1]
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Copacabana (song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Copacabana (At the Copa)"
Single by Barry Manilow
from the album Even Now
Released
June 1978
Recorded
1978
Genre
Disco
Length
3:48 (radio edit)
5:40 (extended version)
Label
Arista
Songwriter(s)
Barry Manilow, Jack Feldman, Bruce Sussman
Producer(s)
Barry Manilow, Ron Dante
Barry Manilow singles chronology
"Even Now"
(1978) "Copacabana (At the Copa)"
(1978) "Ready to Take a Chance Again"
(1978)
"Even Now"
(1978) "Copacabana"
(1978) "Ready to Take a Chance Again"
(1978)
"Copacabana", also known as "Copacabana (At the Copa)", is a song recorded by Barry Manilow. Written by Manilow, Jack Feldman, and Bruce Sussman, it was released in 1978 as the third and final single from Manilow's fifth studio album, Even Now (1978).
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Release and reception
3 Musical
4 Chart performance
4.1 Weekly charts
4.2 Year-end charts
5 Cover versions
6 References
7 External links
Background[edit]
The song was inspired by a conversation between Manilow and Sussman at the Copacabana Hotel in Rio de Janeiro, when they discussed whether there had ever been a song called "Copacabana". After returning to the US, Manilow — who, in the 1960s, had been a regular visitor to the Copacabana nightclub in New York City — suggested that Sussman and Feldman write the lyrics to a story song for him. They did so, and Manilow supplied the music.[1]
The song's lyrics refer to the Copacabana nightclub, "the hottest spot north of Havana". The story starts in the late 1940s, focused on Lola, a Copacabana showgirl, and her sweetheart Tony, a bartender at the club. One night, a mobster named Rico takes a fancy to Lola, but he overplays his hand while trying to seduce her and is attacked by Tony. The ensuing brawl results in a shooting; after it is initially unclear "who shot who," it soon becomes clear that Tony has died. Thirty years later, the club has been transformed into a discotheque, but a drunken Lola, mad with grief at having lost Tony, still spends her nights at the Copacabana dressed in her glamorous showgirl attire.[2]
Release and reception[edit]
The recording was used as incidental music in the 1978 film Foul Play, which starred Chevy Chase and Goldie Hawn, and has been featured in over a dozen other films since. It is one of two Manilow songs used in the movie, the other being its theme song, "Ready to Take a Chance Again". In his autobiographical work, "Americana: The Kinks, the Riff, the Road: The Story", Ray Davies, former leader and singer of The Kinks, recounted a story of a meeting with Clive Davis, then-president of Arista Records, at the record executive's home on Long Island where Davies suggested to Davis that "Copacabana" should be released as a single. The single version clocks in at 4:08; the extended disco version is titled "Copacabana (At the Copa) (Disco)" and is 5:46 in length. As opposed to a commercial 12" single, the extended version was on the flip side of the 45 and can also be found on Manilow's first Greatest Hits double album.
"Copacabana" debuted on Billboard magazine's Top 40 chart on July 7, 1978, and peaked at number 8. It has also reached the Top 10 in Belgium, Canada, France and the Netherlands. Internationally, the song is considered Manilow's third-greatest hit.[3] The track was his first gold single for a song he recorded and released.[4] Additionally, the lyrics to "Copacabana" earned Manilow his first and only Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance in February 1979.[5]
Manilow released a Spanish version titled "Copacabana (En el Copa)" shortly after the English version was released. Though popular in dance clubs catering to Latin audiences, the Spanish version failed to chart on the Billboard Hot 100.
A home demo recording, albeit truncated, is available on the 4 CD/1 DVD box set collection, The Complete Collection and Then Some.... In conjunction to this release, a remixed version of the song, titled "Copacabana (The 1993 Remix)", peaked within the Top 40 in the UK and Ireland in 1993.
Manilow re-recorded the song, this time in an acoustic version, for his 2008 album The Greatest Songs of the Seventies. The timeline of the song was changed that in the third verse the events of the first two verses happened "many years ago", instead of "thirty" mentioned in the original.
Musical[edit]
In 1985, Manilow and his collaborators Bruce Sussman and Jack Feldman expanded the song into a full length, made-for-television musical, also called Copacabana, writing many additional songs and expanding the plot suggested by the song. This film version was then further expanded by Manilow, Feldman, and Sussman into a full-length, two-act stage musical that ran at the Prince of Wales Theatre on London's West End for two years prior to a lengthy tour of the UK. An American production was later mounted that toured the US for over a year. Over 200 productions of the show have since been mounted worldwide.
Chart performance[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1978)
Peak
position
Belgium[6] 5
Canada (RPM 100 Singles)[7] 7
Canada (Adult Contemporary)[8] 3
Canada (Dance/Urban)[9] 2
France[10] 2
Germany[11] 23
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[12] 6
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[13] 7
New Zealand[14] 37
US Billboard Hot 100[15] 8
US Adult Contemporary[16] 6
US Dance Club Songs[17] 15
Chart (1993-94)
Peak
position
Australia (KMR)[18] 92
Ireland (IRMA)[19] 21
UK (OCC)[20] 22
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1978)
Rank
Belgium[21] 51
Canada (RPM)[22] 52
Netherlands[23] 92
US Billboard Hot 100[24] 74
US Cash Box Top 100[25] 82
Cover versions[edit]
James Last recorded "Copacabana" for his 1979 album Copacabana – Happy Dancing.[26]
Shirley Bassey released her cover of "Copacabana" on the side B of her 1979 single "This Is My Life". She also performed it on television in The Shirley Bassey Show with elaborate costumes and choreography in 1979.[27]
Danny La Rue released his cover of the song on the side B of his 1979 single "The Counting Song".
The Vandals recorded a parody of "Copacabana" called "The Dachau Cabana" in 1985.[28]
Paul de Leeuw released his version under the title "Kopa Koopavond" in 1994.
DJ Hell recorded his cover version, sampling from Manilow's original, and released it as "Copa" in 1999.[29]
Amanda Lear recorded a cover of "Copacabana" in 2005 and released it as a single through Dance Street and ZYX Music.[30] It was later included on her 2005 compilation Forever Glam!, albeit in a longer version.
Kylie Minogue performed the song on her 2008 KylieX2008 tour.[31]
John Barrowman recorded "Copacabana" on his 2010 self-titled album.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Podell-Raber, Mickey; Pignone, Charles (2009). The Copa: Jules Podell and the Hottest Club North of Havana. HarperCollins. p. 199.
Jump up ^ "Top 40 Hits - 1950-1989". ntl.matrix.com.br. Retrieved 2014-07-03.
Jump up ^ "Song artist 244 - Barry Manilow". tsort.info.
Jump up ^ "Copacabana (At The Copa) by Barry Manilow Songfacts". www.songfacts.com. Retrieved 2009-03-03.
Jump up ^ "Barry Manilow | Artist". www.grammy.com. Retrieved 2018-05-25.
Jump up ^ "Barry Manilow - Copacabana (At The Copa)" (in Dutch). www.ultratop.be. Retrieved 2018-05-17.
Jump up ^ "Image : RPM Weekly". www.bac-lac.gc.ca. Retrieved 2016-01-03.
Jump up ^ "RPM Adult Oriented Playlist" (PDF). www.collectionscanada.gc.ca. Retrieved 2018-05-20.
Jump up ^ "Item: 7471 - Library and Archives Canada". www.bac-lac.gc.ca. Retrieved 2016-01-03.
Jump up ^ "InfoDisc : Les Tubes de chaque Artiste commençant par M" (in French). infodisc.fr. Retrieved 2018-05-20.
Jump up ^ "Offizielle Deutsche Charts" (in German). www.offiziellecharts.de. Retrieved 2018-05-17.
Jump up ^ "Barry Manilow | Top 40-artiesten" (in Dutch). www.top40.nl. Retrieved 2018-05-20.
Jump up ^ "Discografie Barry Manilow" (in Dutch). dutchcharts.nl. Retrieved 2018-05-17.
Jump up ^ "NZ Top 40 Singles Chart | The Official New Zealand Music Chart". nztop40.co.nz. Retrieved 2016-01-03.
Jump up ^ "Barry Manilow Chart History | Billboard". www.billboard.com. Retrieved 2018-05-20.
Jump up ^ "Adult Contemporary Music Chart | Billboard". Billboard. Retrieved 2016-01-03.
Jump up ^ "Barry Manilow Chart History | Billboard". www.billboard.com. Retrieved 2018-05-20.
Jump up ^ "The ARIA Australian Top 100 Singles Chart – Week Ending 05 Jun 1994". ARIA. Retrieved 2016-03-06.
Jump up ^ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – Copacabana". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ "BARRY MANILOW | full Official Chart History | Official Charts Company". www.officialcharts.com. Retrieved 2016-03-06.
Jump up ^ "ULTRATOP BELGIAN CHARTS" (in Dutch). www.ultratop.be. Retrieved 2018-05-20.
Jump up ^ "Item: 110". www.bac-lac.gc.ca. Retrieved 2016-01-03.
Jump up ^ "JAAROVERZICHTEN - SINGLE 1978" (in Dutch). dutchcharts.nl. Retrieved 2018-05-20.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Hits of 1978/Top 100 Songs of 1978". www.musicoutfitters.com. Retrieved 2016-01-03.
Jump up ^ "Cash Box YE Pop Singles - 1978". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-11-03.
Jump up ^ "James Last - Copacabana - Happy Dancing" (in German). hitparade.ch. Retrieved 2018-05-20.
Jump up ^ The Shirley Bassey Show on IMDb
Jump up ^ "When Men Were Men And Sheep Were Scared". www.discogs.com. Retrieved October 19, 2011.
Jump up ^ "DJ Hell's 'Copa' sample of Barry Manilow's 'Copacabana'". www.whosampled.com. Retrieved 7 May 2011.
Jump up ^ "Amazon.com: Copacabana: Amanda Lear: Music". www.amazon.com. Retrieved 7 May 2011.
Jump up ^ "Kylie Minogue "Copacabana" Cover Release". www.popcrunch.com. Retrieved May 7, 2011.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[hide]
v
t
e
Barry Manilow singles
1970s
"Mandy" (1974)
"Sandra" (1974)
"It's a Miracle" (1975)
"Could It Be Magic" (1975)
"I Write the Songs" (1975)
"Tryin' to Get the Feeling Again" (1976)
"This One's for You" (1976)
"Weekend in New England" (1976)
"Looks Like We Made It" (1977)
"Daybreak" (1977)
"It's Just Another New Year's Eve" (1977)
"Can't Smile Without You" (1978)
"Even Now" (1978)
"Copacabana" (1978)
"Ready to Take a Chance Again" (1978)
"Somewhere in the Night" (1978)
"Ships" (1979)
"When I Wanted You" (1979)
1980s
"I Don't Want to Walk Without You" (1980)
"Bermuda Triangle" (1980)
"I Made It Through the Rain" (1980)
"Lonely Together" (1981)
"The Old Songs" (1981)
"Somewhere Down the Road" (1981)
"Let's Hang On!" (1982)
"Oh Julie" (1982)
"Memory" (1982)
"I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Write Myself a Letter" (1982)
"Read 'Em and Weep" (1983)
"When October Goes" (1984)
"Run to Me" (1985)
"I'm Your Man" (1986)
"Keep Each Other Warm" (1989)
1990s
"If I Can Dream" (1990)
"I'd Really Love to See You Tonight" (1997)
2000s
"River" (2003)
"Unchained Melody" (2006)
"Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing" (2006)
2010s
"Santa Claus Is Coming to Town" (2012)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copacabana_(song)&oldid=842828705"
Categories:
1978 singles
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