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Flag of South Africa
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Republic of South Africa
Use
Civil and state flag, civil and state ensign
Proportion
2:3
Adopted
27 April 1994; 24 years ago (1994-04-27)
Design
a horizontal bicolour of red and blue with a black isosceles triangle based on the hoist-side and a green pall, a central green band that splits into a horizontal Y, centred over the partition lines and was edged in both white against the red and the blue bands and gold against the triangle, in which the arms of the Y ends at the corners of the hoist and embraces the triangle on the hoist-side.
Designed by
Frederick Brownell
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The flag of South Africa was designed in March 1994 and adopted on 27 April 1994, at the beginning of South Africa's 1994 general election, to replace the flag that had been used since 1928. The new national flag, designed by the then State Herald of South Africa Frederick Brownell, was chosen to represent the country's new democracy after the end of apartheid.
The flag has horizontal bands of red (on the top) and blue (on the bottom), of equal width, separated by a central green band which splits into a horizontal "Y" shape, the arms of which end at the corners of the hoist side (and follow the flag's diagonals). The "Y" embraces a black isosceles triangle from which the arms are separated by narrow yellow bands; the red and blue bands are separated from the green band and its arms by narrow white stripes. The stripes at the fly end are in the 5:1:3:1:5 ratio.
Contents
1 Colours
2 Construction sheet
3 Symbolism
4 History
4.1 1902–1910
4.2 1910–1928
4.3 1928–1994 flag
4.4 Current flag since 1994
5 Proper display of the flag
6 Heraldic description
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
Colours[edit]
At the time of its adoption, the South African flag was the only national flag in the world to comprise six colours in its primary design and without a seal and brocade. The design and colours are a synopsis of principal elements of the country's flag history. The colours themselves have no essential meaning.[1]:18
The central design of the flag, beginning at the flagpost in a "V" form and flowing into a single horizontal band to the outer edge of the fly.
Colour
Textile colour
Pantone equivalent
RGB
RGB sample
Green CKS 42 c Spectrum green 3415 c #007749
Black CKS 401 c Blue black #000000
White CKS 701 c National flag white #FFFFFF
Gold CKS 724 c Gold yellow 1235 c #FFB81C
Red CKS 750 c Chilli red 179 c #E03C31
Blue CKS 762 c National flag blue Reflex blue c #001489
Construction sheet[edit]
Flag construction sheet
Symbolism[edit]
According to official South African government information, the South African flag is "a synopsis of principal elements of the country's flag history." Although different people may attribute personal symbolism to the individual colours or colour combinations, "no universal symbolism should be attached to any of the colours." The only symbolism in the flag is the V or Y shape, which can be interpreted as "the convergence of diverse elements within South African society, taking the road ahead in unity".[2]
From time to time explanations of the meanings or symbolism of the flag's colours are published in various media, including official government publications and speeches by government officials.
Three of the colours — black, green and yellow — are found in the flag of the African National Congress. The other three — red, white and blue — are used in the modern flag of the Netherlands and the flag of the United Kingdom; the colours white and blue were also found in the old flag of South Africa. Former South African President F.W. de Klerk, who proclaimed the new flag on 20 April 1994,[3] stated in his autobiography, The Last Trek: a New Beginning, that chilli red was chosen instead of plain red (which Anglo-Africans would have preferred) or orange (as Afrikaners would have preferred).
History[edit]
1902–1910[edit]
The Anglo-Boer War between 1899 and 1902 ended with the Treaty of Vereeniging on 31 May 1902 and resulted in what is now South Africa falling under the British Union Flag. The former Boer Republics of the Orange Free State and the Zuid-Afrikaanse Republiek (Transvaal) became British colonies along with the existing Cape and Natal colonies. Each was also entitled to a colonial flag following in the British tradition.
1910–1928[edit]
Main article: South Africa Red Ensign
On 31 May 1910 these four colonies came together to form the Union of South Africa and the individual colonial flags were no longer used and new South African flags came into being. Once again, as a British dominion the British Union Flag was to continue as the national flag and the standard British ensign pattern was used as a basis for distinctive South African flags.
As was the case throughout the British Empire, the Red and Blue Ensigns were the official flags for merchant and government vessels at sea, and the British Admiralty authorised them to be defaced in the fly with the shield from the South African coat of arms.[4][5] These ensigns were not intended to be used as the Union's national flag, although they were used by some people as such. Although these ensigns were primarily intended for maritime use, they were also flown on land.
The South Africa Red Ensign was South Africa's de facto national flag between 1910 and 1928 and was flown at times from Government buildings.
The design of the Red Ensign was modified slightly in 1912 when the shield was placed on a white disc so as to make it more distinguishable. The Red Ensign continued to be used as the flag of the South African merchant marine until 1951.[6]
The Blue Ensign was flown over the Union’s offices abroad between 1910 and 1928.
The Blue Ensign from 1912 to 1928.
These flags never enjoyed much popular support due to the animosities lingering after the Anglo-Boer War. The Afrikaner descendants of the Dutch settlers from the former Boer Republics found the prominent position of the British Union Flag to be offensive while the English-speakers saw any move to remove it as an Afrikaner plot to deprive them of their imperial symbol.
1928–1994 flag[edit]
Main article: Flag of South Africa (1928–1994)
South Africa
Proportion
2:3
Adopted
May 1928
Relinquished
April 1994
The three flags in the centre representing the former British colonies of Cape Colony and Natal with the Union Jack on the left, followed by the flags of the former Boer republics of Orange Free State and the South African Republic on the right. The Union Jack is shown with the hoist on the right.
Due to the lack of popularity of these flags, there were intermittent discussions about the desirability of a more distinctive national flag for South Africa after 1910,[1]:70 it was only after a coalition government took office in 1925 that a bill was introduced in Parliament to introduce a national flag for the Union. This provoked an often violent controversy that lasted for three years based on whether the British Union Flag should be included in the new flag design or not. The Natal Province even threatened to secede from the Union should it be decided to remove it.
Finally, a compromise was reached that resulted in the adoption of a separate flag for the Union in late 1927 and the design was first hoisted on 31 May 1928. The design was based on the so-called Van Riebeeck flag or "Prince's Flag" (Prinsenvlag in Afrikaans) that was originally the Dutch flag; it consisted of orange, white, and blue horizontal stripes. A version of this flag had been used as the flag of the Dutch East India Company (known as the VOC) at the Cape (with the VOC logo in the centre) from 1652 until 1795. The South African addition to the design was the inclusion of three smaller flags centred in the white stripe. The miniature flags were the British Union Flag (mirrored) towards the hoist, the flag of the Orange Free State hanging vertically in the middle and the Transvaal Vierkleur towards the fly. The position of each of the miniature flags is such that each has equal status. However, to ensure that the Dutch flag in the canton of the Orange Free State flag is placed nearest to the upper hoist of the main flag, the Free State flag must be reversed. The British Union Flag, which is nearest to the hoist and is thus in a more favoured position, is spread horizontally from the Free State flag towards the hoist and is thus also reversed. Although placed horizontally furthest from the hoist, to balance the British Union Flag, the Vierkleur is the only one of the miniature flags which is spread in the same direction as the main flag. This compensates for its otherwise less favourable position. In this arrangement, each of the miniature flags enjoy equal precedence.[7] Note that the miniature flag of the Orange Free State contains a miniature of the Dutch flag, making the old South African flag the only former national flag in the world containing a flag in a flag in a flag.
The choice of the Prinsenvlag (which was believed to be the first flag hoisted on South African soil by Jan van Riebeeck of the VOC) as the basis upon which to design the South African flag had more to do with compromise than Afrikaner political desires, since the Prinsenvlag was politically neutral, as it was no longer the national flag of any nation. A further element of this compromise was that the British Union Flag would continue to fly alongside the new South African national flag over official buildings. This dual flag arrangement continued until 1957 when the British Union Flag lost its official status per an Act of Parliament.
Following a referendum the country became a republic on 31 May 1961, but the design of the flag remained unchanged. However, there was intense pressure to change the flag, particularly from Afrikaners who still resented the fact that the British Union Flag was a part of the flag. In 1968, the then Prime Minister, John Vorster, proposed the adoption of a new flag from 1971, to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the declaration of a republic but this never materialised.[8]
Current flag since 1994[edit]
South African Ambassador Harry Schwarz presenting the new flag to the U.S. president Bill Clinton and vice president Al Gore in May 1994.
The present South African national flag was first flown on 27 April 1994,[9] the day of the 1994 election. However, the flag was first intended to be an interim flag only, and its design was decided upon only a week beforehand.[10]
The choice of a new flag was part of the negotiation process set in motion when Nelson Mandela was released from prison in 1990. When a nationwide public competition was held in 1993, the National Symbols Commission received more than 7,000 designs.[11] Six designs were shortlisted and presented to the public and the Negotiating Council, but none elicited enthusiastic support. A number of design studios were then contacted to submit further proposals, but these also did not find favour. Parliament went into recess at the end of 1993 without a suitable candidate for the new national flag.
In February 1994, Cyril Ramaphosa and Roelf Meyer, the chief negotiators of the African National Congress and the National Party government of the day respectively, were given the task of resolving the flag issue. A final design was adopted on 15 March 1994, derived from a design developed by the State Herald Fred Brownell,[12] who had also previously designed the Flag of Namibia. This interim flag was hoisted officially for the first time on the 27 April 1994, the day when the nation’s first fully inclusive elections commenced which resulted in Nelson Mandela being inaugurated as South Africa’s first democratically elected president on 10 May 1994.[13] The flag was well-received by most South Africans though a small minority objected to it; hundreds of Afrikaner Volksfront members in Bloemfontein burned the flag in protest a few weeks before the April 1994 elections.[9]
The flag flying at the Sydney Cricket Ground.
The proclamation of the new national flag by South African President F. W. de Klerk was only published on 20 April 1994,[3] a mere seven days before the flag was to be inaugurated, sparking a frantic last-minute flurry for flag manufacturers. As stated in South Africa's post-apartheid interim constitution, the flag was to be introduced on an interim probationary period of five years, after which there would be discussion about whether or not to change the national flag in the final draft of the constitution. The Constitutional Assembly was charged with the responsibility of drafting the country’s new constitution and had called for submissions, inter alia, on the issues of its various national symbols. It received 118 submissions recommending the retention of the new flag and 35 suggesting changes to it. Thus on 28 September 1995 it decided that the flag should be retained unchanged and accordingly it was included as Section One of the Constitution of South Africa which came into force in February 1997.[14]
Proper display of the flag[edit]
See also: List of South African flags
The South African government published guidelines for proper display of the flag at designated flag stations, in Government Notice 510 of 8 June 2001 (Gazette number 22356). These rules apply only to official flag stations and not to the general public.
The Southern African Vexillological Association (SAVA), a non-official association for the study of flags, published their own guide for proper display of the flag in 2002. This guide has no official authority but was drawn up with generally accepted vexillological etiquette and principles in mind.[15]
Heraldic description[edit]
An addendum to the Transitional Executive Council agenda (April 1994) described the flag in heraldic terms as follows:
The National flag shall be rectangular in the proportion of two in the width to three to the length; per pall from the hoist, the upper band red (chilli) and lower band blue, with a black triangle at the hoist; over the partition lines a green pall one fifth the width of the flag, fimbriated white against the red and blue, and gold against the black triangle at the hoist, and the width of the pall and its fimbriations is one third the width of the flag.
Schedule One of the Constitution of South Africa (1996) replaced the heraldic definition and described the flag in plain English as follows:[16]
The national flag is rectangular; it is one and a half times as long as it is wide.
It is black, gold, green, white, chilli red and blue.
It has a green Y-shaped band that is one fifth as wide as the flag. The centre lines of the band start in the top and bottom corners next to the flag post, converge in the centre of the flag, and continue horizontally to the middle of the free edge.
The green band is edged, above and below in white, and towards the flag post end, in gold. Each edging is one fifteenth as wide as the flag.
The triangle next to the flag post is black.
The upper horizontal band is chilli red and the lower horizontal band is blue. These bands are each one third as wide as the flag.
See also[edit]
List of South African flags
Coat of arms of South Africa
National anthem of South Africa
National symbols of South Africa
Southern African Vexillological Association
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Brownell, Frederick G (2015). Convergence and Unification : The National Flag of South Africa (1994) in historical perspective, (PhD). Pretoria: University of Pretoria. hdl:2263/50847.
Jump up ^ About government - National flag
^ Jump up to: a b South Africa Government Gazette No 15663 dated 20 April 1994
Jump up ^ Flags of the World. "South African Vessels Ensign". Retrieved 2005-03-20.
Jump up ^ Volker Preuß. "Südafrika – Großbritannien Flaggensystem eingeführt" (in German). Retrieved 2008-05-26.
Jump up ^ Merchant Shipping Act 1951 (South Africa); South Africa Government Gazette No 6085 dated 25 July 1958.
Jump up ^ Brownell, F. G. (1993). National and Provincial Symbols and Flora and Fauna Emblems of the Republic of South Africa. C. van Rensburg. ISBN 978-0-86846-074-1.
Jump up ^ "New flag". The Glasgow Herald. 12 September 1968. p. 18 col C. Retrieved 2016-04-18.
^ Jump up to: a b Antonio Coppola (24 May 2018). "Raising of the New South African Flag" – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ "South African Election Special, 2". C-SPAN.org.
Jump up ^ "Finding Symbols For New S. Africa // Citizens Submit 7,000 Flag Designs". 27 October 1993.
Jump up ^ "Fred Brownell: The man who made South Africa's flag". BBC News. 27 April 2014. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
Jump up ^ Bornman, E. (2006). "National symbols and nation-building in the post-apartheid South Africa". International Journal of Intercultural Relations. 30: 383–399. hdl:10500/23252.
Jump up ^ Berry, Bruce B. (September 2015), “Zero to Hero” - the role of the national flag in nation building in post-apartheid South Africa, Sydney: 26th International Congress of Vexillology
Jump up ^ "No need to get in a flap over flag etiquette". IOL News. 12 September 2002. Retrieved 2013-03-23.
Jump up ^ "Schedule 1 to the South African Constitution, 1996" (PDF). Department of Justice and Constitutional Development. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
Further reading[edit]
Saker, Harry (1980). The South African flag controversy, 1925-1928. Cape Town: Oxford University Press.
Pama, C (1984). Die vlae van Suider-Afrika (in Afrikaans). Tafelberg. ISBN 978-0-624-02070-7.
Brownell, F.G. (March 1994). "The Union Jack over Southern and Central Africa: 1795–1994". SAVA Journal. ISBN 0-620-18833-2.
Van Zyl, J.A. (April 1995). "The History of Flags of South Africa before 1900". SAVA Journal. ISBN 0-620-19798-6.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Flags of South Africa.
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Flag of South Africa
Fred Brownell and the creation of the South African flag
Southern African Vexillological Association (SAVA)
South Africa at Flags of the World
South Africa (1928-1994) at Flags of the World
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Disability in India
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This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (December 2017)
The number of people with Disabilities In India has been estimated at 70 million.[1]
India is a party to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, having signed the treaty on 30 March 2007 and ratified it on 1 October 2007.[2]
Unlike those in the West, most people with disabilities in India and their families are focused on survival in the context of deep poverty. India's disability rights movement, however, mainly comprises elite, middle-class activists who generally mirror the goals of the disability rights movement in Western countries.[1]
Common public perceptions of disability in India are influenced by certain discourses that are generally rejected by the field of disability studies. People with disabilities are often seen as wicked or deceitful, or as unable to progress to adulthood and dependent on charity and pity for assistance.[1] This is as opposed to an emphasis on the strengths people possess despite their disabilities, and their potential for adaptation.
Disability in India is affected by other social divisions such as class, gender, and caste.[1] Statistics show that women with disabilities in India are more marginalized than their male counterparts.[1] Anita Ghai argues that Indian feminism has ignored the unique conditions of women with disabilities.[1]
In Indian cinema[edit]
India's Hindi-language cinema has often reinforced negative stereotypes about people with disabilities, but more recently it has produced several films that have helped raise awareness.[3] A recurrent theme has for a long time been that disability is a punishment for misdeeds, for instance in Jeevan Naiya (1936), Aadmi (1968), and Dhanwan (1981).[3] Characters with mental disabilities have frequently been used as comic relief, a trend which has been criticized by Dinesh Bhugra as reinforcing social stigma.[3] Atanu Mohapatra identifies several ways in which women with disabilities are misrepresented in Hindi films as compared to men with disabilities: they are included less frequently, they very rarely win the love of able-bodied men despite the converse often being the case, they are much less likely to become self-supporting economically, and they are not included unless they are physically attractive.[3]
The decade following 2005 has seen a shift in the representation of people with disabilities by Hindi cinema. The immediate cause for the shift appears to have been an international disability film festival in 2005 facilitated by the Ability Foundation (an Indian NGO).[3] Black (2005) broke new ground by focusing on a female protagonist with a disability, a girl who is blind, deaf, and mute but succeeds academically after considerable struggle.[3] Other films including Taare Zameen Par (2007) by famed actor and director Aamir Khan have explored the lives of people with dyslexia, progeria, Asperger syndrome, and amnesia, among other conditions.[3] There were some earlier precedents to these more well-rounded portrayals, including Koshish (1972) and Sparsh (1980), which explored deafness and blindness respectively.[3] Conversely, some recent Hindi films have continued to display ill-founded stereotypes about people with disabilities.Also some Tamil film industry movies have portrayed disabled people like the movie Deiva Thirumagal which portrays a mentally challenged father and his daughter.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Ghai, Anita (2002). "Disabled Women: An Excluded Agenda of Indian Feminism". Hypatia. 17 (3): 49–66. doi:10.1353/hyp.2002.0052. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "UN Treaty Collection: parties to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: List of parties". United Nations. 2012-03-21. Archived from the original on 2012-08-19. Retrieved 2015-11-20.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Mohapatra, Atanu (Dec 2012). "Portrayal of Disability in Hindi Cinema: A Study of Emerging Trends of Differently-Abled" (PDF). Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research. 1 (7). Retrieved 20 November 2015.
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Twist and Shout
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other uses, see Twist and Shout (disambiguation).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
"Twist and Shout"
B-side label of the US single
Single by The Top Notes
A-side
"Always Late (Why Lead Me On)"
Released
1961
Format
7-inch single
Recorded
February 23, 1961
Studio
Atlantic Studios, New York City
Genre
Rock and roll, R&B
Length
2:05
Label
Atlantic (45-2115)
Songwriter(s)
Bert Berns, Phil Medley
Producer(s)
Phil Spector
The Top Notes singles chronology
"Hearts of Stone"
(1961) "Twist and Shout"
(1961) "Wait For Me Baby"
(1962)
"Twist and Shout" is a 1961 song written by Phil Medley and Bert Berns (later credited as "Bert Russell"). The song was originally recorded by the Top Notes. It first became a chart hit as a cover single by the Isley Brothers in 1962. The song has since been covered by several artists, including the Beatles on their first album Please Please Me (1963), as well as the Tremeloes in 1962 and the Who in 1970 and 1984.
Contents
[hide]
1 The Top Notes
2 The Isley Brothers
2.1 Personnel
3 The Beatles' version
3.1 1986 recharting
3.2 2010 UK chart entry
3.3 Personnel
3.4 Charts and certifications
3.4.1 Charts
3.4.2 Certifications
4 The Who's version
5 Brian Poole and the Tremeloes' version
6 Other cover versions
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
The Top Notes[edit]
In 1961, one year after Phil Spector became a staff producer at Atlantic Records, he was asked to produce a single by an up-and-coming vocal group, The Top Notes. This was before Spector perfected his "Wall of Sound" technique, and the recording, at the Atlantic Studios on February 23, 1961, arranged by Teddy Randazzo with musicians including saxophonist King Curtis, guitarist John Pizzarelli, and drummer Panama Francis, with backing vocals by the Cookies,[1] lacked much of the energy the Top Notes exhibited in their live performances.[2]
The Top Notes included singers Howard "Howie" Guyton (also known as Guy Howard), a cousin of Dave "Baby" Cortez; and Derek Martin, also known as Derek Ray.[3] Guyton provided the lead vocals on "Twist and Shout".[4] Guyton, Martin and Cortez had previously all been members of vocal groups the Pearls (also known as the Five Pearls) in their home city of Detroit, and then of the Sheiks in New York;[3] and Guyton and Martin later recorded as members of Jimmy Ricks & the Raves. Derek Martin later recorded a succession of singles, mostly on the Roulette label, in the 1960s and early 1970s, including a version of Otis Blackwell's "Daddy Rollin' Stone", before moving to live in France where he has continued to perform.[5][6][7] Guyton later sang in a touring version of the Platters, and died of a heart attack in 1977, aged 39, while touring in Argentina.[8][9]
Songwriter Bert Berns felt Spector had ruined the song, and went out to show Spector how it should be done.[10]
The Isley Brothers[edit]
"Twist and Shout"
A-side label of the US single
Single by The Isley Brothers
B-side
"Spanish Twist"
Released
June 16, 1962
Format
7-inch single
Recorded
New York City, 1962
Genre
Rock and roll, R&B
Length
2:27
Label
Wand (653)
Songwriter(s)
Phil Medley, Bert Russell
Producer(s)
Bert Russell
The Isley Brothers singles chronology
"Shout"
(1962) "Twist and Shout"
(1962) "Twistin' With Linda"
(1962)
When the Isley Brothers decided to record the song in 1962, Bert Berns (who also used the name Bert Russell) opted to produce, and thus demonstrate to Spector what he had intended to be the "sound" of the record.[10] The resulting recording captured the verve of an Isley Brothers performance, and became the trio's first record to reach a Top 20 position in the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart.
The Isley Brothers' version, with Ronald Isley on lead vocals, was the first major hit recording of the song, peaking at No. 17 on the U.S. pop top 40 charts, and No. 2 on the US R&B charts. The song quickly became a frequently covered R&B tune in the early 1960s. According to Ronald, the song was supposed to be the B-side to the Burt Bacharach standard, "Make It Easy on Yourself", which had been a hit for Jerry Butler. When the Isleys recorded "Twist and Shout", the brothers did not think the song would do well, as they had not had a hit in the three years since "Shout" established them. To their surprise, it became their first Top 40 hit on both the pop and R&B charts, and for a time established the group's reputation for producing fast-paced songs during their earlier career.
Personnel[edit]
Ronald Isley – lead vocals
O'Kelly Isley Jr. – backing vocals
Rudolph Isley – backing vocals
King Curtis – saxophone
Eric Gale – guitar
Trade Martin – guitar
Cornell Dupree – guitar
Paul Griffin – piano
Chuck Rainey – bass
Gary Chester – drums
Production by Bert Russell
The Beatles' version[edit]
"Twist and Shout"
Song by the Beatles
from the album Please Please Me
Released
March 22, 1963
Format
LP record
Recorded
February 11, 1963
Studio
EMI, London
Genre
Rock and roll
Length
2:32
Label
Parlophone
Songwriter(s)
Phil Medley, Bert Russell
Producer(s)
George Martin
Released on the Beatles' first UK album, Please Please Me (1963), the complete recording of which on February 11, 1963, was their first album session and is notable for 10 songs recorded in a mere 13 hours. "Twist and Shout", with John Lennon on lead vocals, was the last song recorded; producer George Martin knew Lennon's voice would suffer from the performance, so he left it until last, with only 15 minutes of scheduled recording time remaining.
Lennon was suffering from a cold, and was drinking milk and sucking on cough drops to soothe his throat. His coughing is audible on the album, as is the cold's effect on his voice. Even so, he produced a memorable vocal performance: a raucous, dynamic rocker. He later said his voice was not the same for a long time afterward, and that "every time [he] swallowed, it felt like sandpaper".[11]
A second take was attempted, but Lennon had nothing left and it was abandoned.[12] George Martin said, "I did try a second take ... but John's voice had gone."[13]
Released as a single in the US on March 2, 1964, with "There's a Place" as its B-side,[14] by Chicago-based Vee-Jay Records on the Tollie label, it reached number 2 on April 4, 1964, during the week that the top five places on the chart were all Beatles singles (in the Cashbox singles chart for the same week, "Twist and Shout" was No. 1). In the United States, "Twist and Shout" was the only million-selling Beatles single that was a cover record, and the only Beatles cover single to reach the Top 10 on a national record chart. The song failed to hit #1 because the Beatles had another song occupying the top spot, "Can't Buy Me Love".
In the UK, "Twist and Shout" was released by Parlophone on an EP with three other tracks, "Do You Want to Know a Secret", "A Taste of Honey", and "There's a Place", from the Please Please Me (1963) album. Both the EP and album reached No. 1 (see Twist and Shout (EP)). In Canada, it became the title track to the second album of Beatles material to be issued by Capitol Records of Canada, on February 3, 1964.
It is regarded as one of the finest examples of British rock and roll for its vocal performance.[15] The song was used as a rousing closing number on Sunday Night at the London Palladium in October 1963 and at The Royal Variety Show in November 1963, the former signalling the start of "Beatlemania"; the latter was included on the Anthology 1 compilation album in 1995. In addition, the group performed it on one of their Ed Sullivan Show appearances in February 1964.
The Beatles continued to play the song live until the end of their August 1965 tour of North America. Additionally, they recorded "Twist and Shout" on nine occasions for BBC television and radio broadcasts, the earliest of which was for the Talent Spot radio show on November 27, 1962. The intro sounds very similar to "La Bamba" by Ritchie Valens, and the famous vocal buildup resembles that in "Do You Love Me" by the Contours.
1986 recharting[edit]
The song enjoyed a resurgence of popularity in 1986 after Matthew Broderick lip-synced to the Beatles' version of it in the film Ferris Bueller's Day Off. Coincidentally, the Rodney Dangerfield film Back to School (released two days after Ferris) also featured the song, this one sung by Dangerfield himself and patterned after the Beatles' arrangement. The use in the two films helped propel the single up the Billboard Hot 100, where it peaked at No. 23 late that summer, giving the group their second chart single of the 1980s (the other being "The Beatles Movie Medley" in 1982).[16] The song's seven-week run in the U.S. Top 40 in 1986, combined with its original 16-week run in 1964, makes "Twist and Shout" the longest-running Top 40 hit for the Beatles, at 23 weeks. Its overall chart longevity, combined with its original four-week run at #2, statistically makes it the Beatles' second most successful single in the U.S. next to "Hey Jude".
2010 UK chart entry[edit]
In November 2010, 47 years after its recording, the Beatles' version of "Twist and Shout" made a debut on the UK Singles Chart. The highest charting Beatles track in the aftermath of their new availability on iTunes, it entered the charts at #48 in the first of a two-week run.
Personnel[edit]
John Lennon – lead vocals, rhythm guitar
Paul McCartney – bass, backing vocals
George Harrison – lead guitar, backing vocals
Ringo Starr – drums
Engineered by Norman Smith[17][better source needed]
Charts and certifications[edit]
Charts[edit]
Chart (1964)
Peak
position
Australian Kent Music Report[18] 5
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[19] 9
Norway (VG-lista)[20] 7
US Billboard Hot 100[21] 2
US Cash Box Top 100[22] 1
West German Media Control Singles Chart[23] 10
Chart (1986)
Peak
position
US Billboard Hot 100[21] 23
Chart (2010)
Peak
position
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[24] 48
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
United States (RIAA)[25]
Platinum 1,000,000^
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
The Who's version[edit]
"Twist & Shout"
Single by The Who
from the album The Isle of Wight Festival and Who's Last
B-side
"I Can't Explain"
Released
1970 and November 1984
Format
7"
Recorded
December 17, 1982
Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto, Canada
Genre
Rock
Label
MCA Records
Songwriter(s)
Phil Medley and Bertrand Russell Berns
Producer(s)
David "Cyrano" Langston
The Who singles chronology
"It's Hard"
(1982) "Twist & Shout"
(1970) "Real Good Looking Boy"
(2004)
"It's Hard"
(1982) "Twist and Shout (live)"
(1984) "Real Good Looking Boy"
(2004)
English rock band the Who covered the song live during their career, with Roger Daltrey singing lead vocals on the first version which is on the Isle of Wight Festival in 1970, and on their 1982 Farewell Tour,[26] with their bassist John Entwistle singing the lead vocals. The 1982 version can be heard on the live album Who's Last (recorded at the Richfield Coliseum on December 14, 1982 and released in November 1984), Live From Toronto (recorded at the Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto on December 17, 1982 and released in 2006), as well as on the 1994 compilation Thirty Years of Maximum R&B (recorded at the Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto on December 16, 1982, misdated in the liner notes for the concert at Toronto's CNE stadium on October 9, 1982).
Brian Poole and the Tremeloes' version[edit]
In 1962 the Decca label signed Brian Poole and the Tremeloes, a British group from Dagenham, East London, in preference to the Beatles. Both groups auditioned on the same day, and it has become legend that the Beatles were rejected by the label. Ironically, Brian Poole and the Tremeloes had no chart success until the beat boom in British rock surfaced, following the success of the Beatles. This triggered the frenzied signing of most of the popular Liverpool rock groups of that period by the major record labels, and their distinctive "sound" became known as Merseybeat. Brian Poole and the Tremeloes imitated this style, and covered "Twist and Shout" four months after the Beatles had released their version, and achieved the number four position in the UK Singles Chart.[27]
Other cover versions[edit]
In 1964, Alvin and the Chipmunks covered the song for their album The Chipmunks Sing the Beatles Hits.[28]
In 1966, Buck Owens performed the song on his famous "Carnegie Hall Concert" album.[29]
In 1967, the song was also covered by the Mamas & the Papas in the style of a ballad on their album Deliver.
In 1988, Salt-n-Pepa recorded a cover version on their album A Salt with a Deadly Pepa. It was released as a single in the UK, and reached No. 4.[30]
In 1993, Chaka Demus & Pliers recorded a reggae version featuring Jack Radics, which went to No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart on 2 January 1994.[27]
In 2001, The Orchestra (a band made up mainly of former members of Electric Light Orchestra), recorded a minor-key version of the song for their album No Rewind.
See also[edit]
Twist and Shout (Deacon Blue song)
Twist songs
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Joel Selvin (2014-04-15). Here Comes the Night: The Dark Soul of Bert Berns and the Dirty Business of ... Books.google.co.uk. p. 369. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
Jump up ^ Cad, Saint. "Top 10 Famous Songs With Unknown Originals". Listverse.com. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b ]Andrew Hamilton. "The Pearls | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
Jump up ^ Bob Leszczak. Who Did It First?: Great Rhythm and Blues Cover Songs and Their Original Artists. Books.google.co.uk. p. 228. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
Jump up ^ Steve Leggett. "Derek Martin | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on November 17, 2015. Retrieved 2015-08-14.
Jump up ^ "topnotes". Soulfulkindamusic.net. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
Jump up ^ Mitch Rosalsky. Encyclopedia of Rhythm & Blues and Doo-Wop Vocal Groups. Books.google.co.uk. p. 436. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
Jump up ^ [1][dead link]
^ Jump up to: a b "The Atlantic Story". Bsnpubs.com. Retrieved March 31, 2014.
Jump up ^ The Beatles. The Beatles Anthology. Chronicle Books, LLC, 2000.
Jump up ^ Ian MacDonald, "Revolution in the Head"
Jump up ^ Mark Lewisohn, The Complete Beatles Recording Sessions
Jump up ^ "USA Discography". Norwegianwood.org. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ Ian Macdonald, Revolution in the Head, p.67
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits, Billboard Books, New York, 1992
Jump up ^ "Twist and Shout". The Beatles Bible. Retrieved November 15, 2013.
Jump up ^ Kent, David (2005). Australian Chart Book (1940–1969). Turramurra: Australian Chart Book. ISBN 0-646-44439-5.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – The Beatles – Twist and Shout" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Norwegiancharts.com – The Beatles – Twist and Shout". VG-lista. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Beatles – Chart history" Billboard Hot 100 for The Beatles. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
Jump up ^ Hoffmann, Frank (1983). The Cash Box Singles Charts, 1950-1981. Metuchen, NJ & London: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. pp. 32–34.
Jump up ^ "Offizielle Deutsche Charts" (Enter "Beatles" in the search box) (in German). GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved May 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "American single certifications – The Beatles – Twist and Shout". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved May 14, 2016. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
Jump up ^ "Live Performance". YouTube. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 565. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
Jump up ^ Lindsay Planer. "The Chipmunks Sing the Beatles Hits - The Chipmunks | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
Jump up ^ Stephen Thomas Erlewine. "The Carnegie Hall Concert - Buck Owens | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
Jump up ^ Brown, Tony, Jon Kutner & Neil Warwick, The Complete Book of the British Charts: Singles and Albums, Omnibus Press, London, 2002
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[show]
v
t
e
The Isley Brothers
Ernie Isley
Marvin Isley
O'Kelly Isley, Jr.
Ronald Isley
Rudolph Isley
Chris Jasper
Studio albums
Shout!
Twist & Shout
Twisting and Shouting
This Old Heart of Mine
Soul on the Rocks
It's Our Thing
The Brothers: Isley
Get into Something
Givin' It Back
Brother, Brother, Brother
3 + 3
Live It Up
The Heat Is On
Harvest for the World
Go for Your Guns
Showdown
Winner Takes All
Go All the Way
Grand Slam
Inside You
The Real Deal
Between the Sheets
Masterpiece
Smooth Sailin'
Spend the Night
Tracks of Life
Mission to Please
Eternal
Body Kiss
Baby Makin' Music
Live albums
Live at Yankee Stadium
The Isleys Live
Live!
Compilation albums
Timeless
Singles
"I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door"
"Shout (Part 1)"
"How Deep Is the Ocean?"
"Twist and Shout"
"Nobody but Me"
"Testify (Part 1)"
"Love Is a Wonderful Thing"
"This Old Heart of Mine (Is Weak for You)"
"I Guess I'll Always Love You"
"That's the Way Love Is"
"Take Me in Your Arms (Rock Me a Little While)"
"Behind a Painted Smile"
"Put Yourself in My Place"
"It's Your Thing"
"I Turned You On"
"Keep On Doin'"
"Freedom"
"Love the One You're With"
"Spill the Wine"
"Lay Lady Lay"
"Lay-Away"
"Pop That Thang"
"Work to Do"
"It's Too Late"
"That Lady (Part 1)"
"What It Comes Down To"
"Summer Breeze"
"Live It Up"
"Fight the Power (Part 1)"
"For the Love of You"
"Harvest for the World"
"The Pride"
"Livin' in the Life"
"Voyage to Atlantis"
"Take Me to the Next Phase (Part 1)"
"Groove with You"
"I Wanna Be with You (Part 1)"
"It's a Disco Night (Rock Don't Stop)"
"Don't Say Goodnight (It's Time for Love) (Parts 1 & 2)"
"Between the Sheets"
"Choosey Lover"
"Down Low (Nobody Has to Know)"
"Contagious"
See also
Discography
T-Neck Records
Isley-Jasper-Isley
Book:The Isley Brothers
Category:The Isley Brothers
Portal:R&B and Soul Music
[show]
v
t
e
The Beatles singles discography
UK and US
(all labels)
1963
"Please Please Me" / "Ask Me Why"
"From Me to You" / "Thank You Girl"
"She Loves You" / "I'll Get You"
1964
"Can't Buy Me Love" / "You Can't Do That"
"I Feel Fine" / "She's a Woman"
1965
"Ticket to Ride" / "Yes It Is"
"Help!" / "I'm Down"
"We Can Work It Out" / "Day Tripper"
1966
"Paperback Writer" / "Rain"
"Yellow Submarine" / "Eleanor Rigby"
1967
"Penny Lane" / "Strawberry Fields Forever"
"All You Need Is Love" / "Baby, You're a Rich Man"
"Hello, Goodbye" / "I Am the Walrus"
1968
"Lady Madonna" / "The Inner Light"
"Hey Jude" / "Revolution"
1969
"Get Back" / "Don't Let Me Down"
"The Ballad of John and Yoko" / "Old Brown Shoe"
"Something" / "Come Together"
1970
"Let It Be" / "You Know My Name (Look Up the Number)"
1978
"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band/With a Little Help from My Friends" / "A Day in the Life"
1982
"The Beatles Movie Medley" / "I'm Happy Just to Dance with You"
1995
"Free as a Bird" / "Christmas Time (Is Here Again)"
1996
"Real Love" / "Baby's in Black"
UK only
(Parlophone,
Apple)
1962
"My Bonnie" / "The Saints"
"Love Me Do" / "P.S. I Love You"
1963
"I Want to Hold Your Hand" / "This Boy"
1964
"Ain't She Sweet" / "If You Love Me, Baby"
"A Hard Day's Night" / "Things We Said Today"
1976
"Yesterday" / "I Should Have Known Better"
"Back in the U.S.S.R." / "Twist and Shout"
US only
(Vee-Jay,
Swan,
Tollie,
Capitol,
Apple)
1963
"I Want to Hold Your Hand" / "I Saw Her Standing There"
1964
"Twist and Shout" / "There's a Place"
"Do You Want to Know a Secret" / "Thank You Girl"
"Love Me Do" / "P.S. I Love You"
"Sie liebt dich" / "I'll Get You"
"I'll Cry Instead" / "I'm Happy Just to Dance with You"
"And I Love Her" / "If I Fell"
"A Hard Day's Night" / "I Should Have Known Better"
"Matchbox" / "Slow Down"
1965
"Eight Days a Week" / "I Don't Want to Spoil the Party"
"Yesterday" / "Act Naturally"
1966
"Nowhere Man" / "What Goes On"
1970
"The Long and Winding Road" / "For You Blue"
1976
"Got to Get You into My Life" / "Helter Skelter"
"Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da" / "Julia"
Other
countries
(Odeon,
Parlophone,
Apple)
1963
"All My Loving" / "This Boy" (Canada)
1964
"Komm, gib mir deine Hand / Sie liebt dich" (Germany)
1966
"Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)" / "Nowhere Man" (Australia)
1968
"Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da" / "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" (Europe, Japan, Australia)
"Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da" / "I Will" (Philippines)
"Back in the U.S.S.R." / "Don't Pass Me By" (Sweden)
1969
"You're Going to Lose That Girl" / "Tell Me What You See" (Japan)
1970
"Oh! Darling" / "Here Comes the Sun" (Japan)
1972
"All Together Now" / "Hey Bulldog" (Europe)
1978
"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band/With a Little Help from My Friends" / "Within You Without You" (Germany)
[show]
v
t
e
Please Please Me
Songs
Side one
"I Saw Her Standing There"
"Misery"
"Anna (Go to Him)"
"Chains"
"Boys"
"Ask Me Why"
"Please Please Me"
Side two
"Love Me Do"
"P.S. I Love You"
"Baby It's You"
"Do You Want to Know a Secret"
"A Taste of Honey"
"There's a Place"
"Twist and Shout"
Outtakes
"Tip of My Tongue"
"Hold Me Tight"
"Bésame Mucho"
Related articles
The Beatles discography
Please Please Me
With the Beatles
A Hard Day's Night
Beatles for Sale
Help!
Rubber Soul
Revolver
Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
Magical Mystery Tour
The Beatles (White Album)
Yellow Submarine
Abbey Road
Let It Be
Past Masters
Preceded by
"Mr Blobby" by Mr Blobby UK Singles Chart Number 1 single by Chaka Demus and Pliers
January 2, 1994 for 2 weeks Succeeded by
"Things Can Only Get Better" by D:Ream
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twist_and_Shout&oldid=803160915"
Categories:
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