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The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
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"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow"
"Ichabod Crane pursued by the Headless Horseman",
by F.O.C. Darley, 1849
Author
Washington Irving
Country
United States
Language
English
Series
The Sketch Book
Genre(s)
Speculative fiction
Published in
The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.
Media type
Hardback & Paperback
Publication date
1820
Published in English
1820
Preceded by
"The Angler"
Followed by
"L'Envoy"
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
The short story read by Chip from the LibriVox project.
Problems playing this file? See media help.
"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is a short story of speculative fiction by American author Washington Irving, contained in his collection of 34 essays and short stories entitled The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.. Written while Irving was living abroad in Birmingham, England, "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" was first published in 1820. Along with Irving's companion piece "Rip Van Winkle", "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is among the earliest examples of American fiction with enduring popularity, especially during Halloween because of a character known as the Headless Horseman believed to be a Hessian soldier who lost his head to a cannonball in battle.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Background
3 Film and television variations
4 Stage and music adaptations
5 Audio adaptations
6 Geographic impact
6.1 Place names
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
Plot[edit]
From the listless repose of the place, and the peculiar character of its inhabitants, who are descendants from the original Dutch settlers, this sequestered glen has long been known by name of Sleepy Hollow ... A drowsy, dreamy influence seems to hang over the land, and to pervade the very atmosphere.
—  Washington Irving, "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow"
The story is set in 1790 in the countryside around the Dutch settlement of Tarry Town (historical Tarrytown, New York), in a secluded glen called Sleepy Hollow. Sleepy Hollow is renowned for its ghosts and the haunting atmosphere that pervades the imaginations of its inhabitants and visitors. Some residents say this town was bewitched during the early days of the Dutch settlement. Other residents say an old Native American chief, the wizard of his tribe, held his powwows here before the country was discovered by Master Hendrick Hudson. The most infamous spectre in the Hollow is the Headless Horseman, said to be the ghost of a Hessian trooper that had his head shot off by a stray cannonball during "some nameless battle" of the American Revolutionary War, and who "rides forth to the scene of battle in nightly quest of his head".
The "Legend" relates the tale of Ichabod Crane, a lean, lanky and extremely superstitious schoolmaster from Connecticut, who competes with Abraham "Brom Bones" Van Brunt, the town rowdy, for the hand of 18-year-old Katrina Van Tassel, the daughter and sole child of a wealthy farmer, Baltus Van Tassel. Ichabod Crane, a Yankee and an outsider, sees marriage to Katrina as a means of procuring Van Tassel's extravagant wealth. Bones, the local hero, vies with Ichabod for Katrina's hand, playing a series of pranks on the jittery schoolmaster, and the fate of Sleepy Hollow's fortune weighs in the balance for some time. The tension among the three is soon brought to a head. On a placid autumn night, the ambitious Crane attends a harvest party at the Van Tassels' homestead. He dances, partakes in the feast, and listens to ghostly legends told by Brom and the locals, but his true aim is to propose to Katrina after the guests leave. His intentions, however, are ill-fated.
After having failed to secure Katrina's hand, Ichabod rides home "heavy-hearted and crestfallen" through the woods between Van Tassel's farmstead and the Sleepy Hollow settlement. As he passes several purportedly haunted spots, his active imagination is engorged by the ghost stories told at Baltus' harvest party. After nervously passing under a lightning-stricken tulip tree purportedly haunted by the ghost of British spy Major André, Ichabod encounters a cloaked rider at an intersection in a menacing swamp. Unsettled by his fellow traveler's eerie size and silence, the teacher is horrified to discover that his companion's head is not on his shoulders, but on his saddle. In a frenzied race to the bridge adjacent to the Old Dutch Burying Ground, where the Hessian is said to "vanish, according to rule, in a flash of fire and brimstone" upon crossing it, Ichabod rides for his life, desperately goading his temperamental plow horse down the Hollow. However, to Crane's horror, the ghoul clambers over the bridge, rears his horse, and hurls his severed head into Ichabod's terrified face.
The next morning, Ichabod has mysteriously disappeared from town, leaving Katrina to marry Brom Bones, who was said "to look exceedingly knowing whenever the story of Ichabod was related". Indeed, the only relics of the schoolmaster's flight are his wandering horse, trampled saddle, discarded hat, and a mysterious shattered pumpkin. Although the nature of the Headless Horseman is left open to interpretation, the story implies that the ghost was really Brom (an agile stunt rider) in disguise. Irving's narrator concludes, however, by stating that the old Dutch wives continue to promote the belief that Ichabod was "spirited away by supernatural means", and a legend develops around his disappearance and sightings of his melancholy spirit.
Background[edit]
The Headless Horseman Pursuing Ichabod Crane (1858) by John Quidor
Irving wrote The Sketch Book during a tour of Europe, and parts of the tale may also be traced to European origins. Headless horsemen were staples of Northern European storytelling, featuring in German, Irish (e.g., Dullahan), Scandinavian (e.g., the Wild Hunt), and English legends, and were included in Robert Burns's poem "Tam o' Shanter" (1790) and Bürger's Der wilde Jäger, translated as The Wild Huntsman (1796). Usually viewed as omens of ill-fortune for those who chose to disregard their apparitions, these specters found their victims in proud, scheming persons and characters with hubris and arrogance.[2] One particularly influential rendition of this folktale was recorded by the German folklorist Karl Musäus.[3]
During the height of the American Revolutionary War, Irving writes that the country surrounding Tarry Town "was one of those highly-favored places which abound with chronicle and great men. The British and American line had run near it during the war; it had, therefore, been the scene of marauding, and infested with refugees, cow-boys, and all kinds of border chivalry."
After the Battle of White Plains in October 1776, the country south of the Bronx River was abandoned by the Continental Army and occupied by the British. The Americans were fortified north of Peekskill, leaving Westchester County a 30-mile stretch of scorched and desolated no-man's land, vulnerable to outlaws, raiders, and vigilantes. Besides droves of Loyalist rangers and British light infantry, Hessian Jägers—renowned sharpshooters and horsemen—were among the raiders who often skirmished with Patriot militias.[4] The Headless Horseman, said to be a decapitated Hessian soldier, may have indeed been based loosely on the discovery of just such a Jäger's headless corpse found in Sleepy Hollow after a violent skirmish, and later buried by the Van Tassel family, in an unmarked grave in the Old Dutch Burying Ground.[5] The dénouement of the fictional tale is set at the bridge over the Pocantico River in the area of the Old Dutch Church and Burying Ground in Sleepy Hollow.
Irving, while he was an aide-de-camp to New York Gov. Daniel D. Tompkins, met an army captain named Ichabod Crane in Sackets Harbor, New York during an inspection tour of fortifications in 1814. Irving may have patterned the character in "The Legend" after Jesse Merwin, who taught at the local schoolhouse in Kinderhook, further north along the Hudson River, where Irving spent several months in 1809.[6] The inspiration for the character of Katrina Van Tassel is uncertain.
Ichabod Crane, Respectfully Dedicated to Washington Irving. William J. Wilgus (1819–53), artist Chromolithograph, c. 1856
The story was the longest one published as part of The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. (commonly referred to as The Sketch Book), which Irving issued serially throughout 1819 and 1820, using the pseudonym "Geoffrey Crayon".[7] With "Rip Van Winkle", "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is one of Irving's most anthologized, studied, and adapted sketches. Both stories are often paired together in books and other representations, and both are included in surveys of early American literature and Romanticism.[8] Irving's depictions of regional culture and his themes of progress versus tradition, supernatural intervention in the commonplace, and the plight of the individual outsider in an homogeneous community permeate both stories and helped to develop a unique sense of American cultural and existential selfhood during the early 19th century.[9]
Film and television variations[edit]
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Will Rogers as Ichabod Crane in The Headless Horseman (1922)
Notable film and television variations include:
The Headless Horseman (1922), a silent film directed by Edward Venturini and starring Will Rogers as Ichabod Crane. It was filmed on location in New York's Hudson River Valley.
The Headless Horseman (1934), a ComiColor Cartoon short produced by Ub Iwerks.
The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949), an animated adaptation of the story directed by James Algar, Clyde Geronimi, and Jack Kinney, produced by Walt Disney Productions, and narrated by Bing Crosby. (It is paired with a similar treatment of Kenneth Grahame's novel The Wind in the Willows (1908).) The climactic ride is more extended than in the original story, and the possibility is stressed that the visually impressive Horseman is in fact a ghost rather than a human in disguise. Later the Sleepy Hollow portion of the film was separated from the companion film and shown separately as The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1958).
Tales of Washington Irving, a one-hour animated television special, original airdate November 1, 1970, presented adaptations of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Rip van Winkle. Produced by Air Programs International (API)
A short animated version produced in 1972, narrated by John Carradine and shown in theaters a year later with Charlotte's Web (1973).
"The Headless Horseman of Halloween" (1976), an episode of The Scooby-Doo Show.
A CBS special titled Once Upon A Midnight Dreary featured an adaptation of the story, narrated by Vincent Price, featuring René Auberjonois as Ichabod Crane, Guy Boyd as Brom Bones, Pamela Brown as Katrina Van Tassell, and Robert Foster as the Headless Horseman.
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1980), a television film directed by Henning Schellerup and filmed in Utah, with Jeff Goldblum as Ichabod Crane, Meg Foster as Katrina, and Richard Butkus as Brahm Bones. Executive producer Charles Sellier was nominated for an Emmy Award for his work on the movie.[10] The film, not closely adapted from the original story, depicts Crane as a skeptic regarding ghosts and the supernatural, although it foreshadows Tim Burton's similar 1999 treatment.
"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" (1985), an episode of Shelley Duvall's Tall Tales and Legends, stars Ed Begley, Jr. as Ichabod Crane, Beverly D'Angelo as Katrina Van Tassel, Tim Thomerson as Brom, and Charles Durning as Doffue Van Tassel, who is also the narrator. It was produced and hosted by Shelley Duvall.
Murder, She Wrote Season 3, Episode 11 "The Night of Headless Horseman", was aired on 1/4/1987 about a shy lovelorn poet (Thom Bray) was run down by headless horseman.
In 1988, PBS and Rabbit Ears Productions produced a multi-award-winning animated adaptation and a subsequent book depicting the story. The production was illustrated, directed, and adapted by Robert Van Nutt, composed by Tim Story, and narrated by Glenn Close.
An episode of The Real Ghostbusters, which featured a descendant of Ichabod Crane's, cursed by a headless apparition on a motorcycle who viciously pursues men to whom she is attracted.
The "Chopper", an episode of Kolchak: The Night Stalker, starring Darren McGavin, which features a headless motorcycle rider who decapitates his victims, an allusion to the traditional Headless Horseman legend.
"The Tale of the Midnight Ride", a season 3 episode of the Nickelodeon horror anthology television series Are You Afraid of the Dark?, serves as a sequel to the classic story. In this episode a boy named Ian Matthews moves to Sleepy Hollow, New York, where he develops a crush on Katie. One night after the Halloween dance, they see the ghost of Ichabod Crane and send him over the bridge that the Headless Horseman cannot cross, unintentionally prompting the Headless Horseman to pursue them instead of Crane.
"Sugar-Frosted Frights", an episode of Rocko's Modern Life, parodies the character as the Hopping Hessian, who carries his right leg instead of his head.
In "Halloween Hound: The Legend of Creepy Collars" (1997), the second-season premiere of the PBS series Wishbone, Wishbone imagines himself as Ichabod Crane and re-enacts the Headless Horseman story in his imagination when his owner, Joe Talbot, goes on a Halloween night scavenger hunt along with his two schoolmates, David Barnes and Samantha Kepler. In Wishbone's imagination, he is scared off by the Headless Horseman. Like the original story, the episode strongly implies that Brom is the Headless Horseman when his horse's collar resembles the Horseman's horse collar.
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1999), a Canadian-American television film starring Brent Carver and Rachelle Lefevre. It was filmed in Montreal and directed by Pierre Gang.
Sleepy Hollow (1999), a feature film adaption directed by Tim Burton which takes many liberties with the plot and characters, changing Crane from the local schoolmaster into a police constable sent from New York City to investigate recent murders, and the Horseman is used as a weapon against the local landowners. Johnny Depp stars as Ichabod Crane, Christopher Walken plays the Headless Horseman, Christina Ricci plays Katrina, and Casper Van Dien plays Brom.
The Night of the Headless Horseman (1999), an hour-long, computer animated special using motion capture.
Sleepy Hollow High (2000), a B-rated, direct to video VHS and DVD horror film, in which a group of teenagers is sent to Sleepy Hollow Park Grounds to clean up vandalism and graffiti. They soon realize that someone is taking the Legend of Sleepy Hollow too far.
The Haunted Pumpkin of Sleepy Hollow (2002), a 45-minute animated special from PorchLight Entertainment.
The Hollow (2004), a TV movie that premiered on the ABC Family Channel, starring Kevin Zegers and Kaley Cuoco that focuses on a teenage descendant of Ichabod Crane.
"The Legend of Sleepy Halliwell" (2004), an episode of the TV show Charmed, in which a headless horseman murders the teachers at Magic School by beheading them.
Sleepy Hollow (2013), a mystery series co-created by Alex Kurtzman, Roberto Orci, Phillip Iscove, and Len Wiseman. In the series, Ichabod Crane is reimagined as an English professor and turncoat during the American Revolutionary War, who awakens in the 21st century and encounters the Headless Horseman, a felled mercenary Crane had decapitated 250 years prior. Crane teams up with Abbie Mills, a lieutenant in the town of Sleepy Hollow's sheriff's department, and together they try to stop the murderous Horseman (who is purportedly Death), and uncover a conspiracy involving supernatural forces.[11]
Stage and music adaptations[edit]
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"Washington Irving's The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" (2002), a play in two acts by Christopher Cook,[12] which made its European premiere in 2014 in Kent, England.
In Sleepy Hollow (1913), a piano suite by Eastwood Lane
Sleepy Hollow (1948), a Broadway musical, with music by George Lessner and book and lyrics by Russell Maloney and Miriam Battista. It lasted 12 performances.[13]
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow[14] (1989), a one-act stage adaptation by Kathryn Schultz Miller.[15]
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow for Speaker & Orchestra (1999), a 15-minute composition by Robert Lichtenberger; it premiered October 2001 by Lincoln's Symphony Orchestra conducted by Tyler White.
"Ride Of The Headless Horseman" (from The Legend Of Sleepy Hollow), a tone poem for orchestra by Robert Wendel was premiered in 2001 by the Queensland Symphony Orchestra.
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow in Concert[16] (2004), part musical theater, radio drama, and festival, an annual production with music by Steven J. Smith, Jr. and lyrics by Jensen Oler and Smith; it premiered in Lehi, Utah at Olympic Park on October 8, 2004.[17]
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (2009), an opera, with music and libretto by Robert Milne; available for production through Arts Ascending, Inc.[18]
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (2009), an opera, with music by William Withem and libretto by Melanie Helton; it premiered March 27, 2009, in the Concert Auditorium at Michigan State University.[19]
Sleepy Hollow (2009), a musical with book and lyrics by Jim Christian and music by Tom Edward Clark. It premiered at Weber State University in Ogden, Utah on October 30, 2009.[20][21] It received the 2009 Kennedy Center American College Theater Festival Musical Theatre Award.[22]
Irving's Legend (2010–present) a dramatic retelling by Jonathan Kruk is a one-person performance staged by Historic Hudson Valley at the story's setting, The Old Dutch Church, during weekends in October.
The Hollow (2011). Book by Hunter Foster, music & lyrics by Matt Conner, directed by Matt Gardiner; premiered at Signature Theatre in Washington, DC (Eric Schaeffer, Artistic Director).[23]
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, adapted by Darkstuff Productions at the Bierkeller Theatre Bristol, England Christmas 2012.[24]
Legend of Sleepy Hollows, a novelty Doo-Wop song, recorded by Monotones of Book of Love fame
Legend of the Headless Rider is a song by Mercyful Fate, fronted by King Diamond, on their In the Shadows album.
"Sleepy Hollow" a thriller. Written by Jason Newkirk premiered in 2007 in Columbus, IN. Again in September 2017 at Gateway Center for the Arts in Debary, FL. As an annual Halloween event.
Undead Ahead is a song by Motionless in White, and appears on their album Creatures.
Head over Hills, a song by Blitzkid
Tarrytown Tales, a play by Sean P. Harrington.[25]
Audio adaptations[edit]
Ed Begley was the narrator for a recording on both LP and audio cassette by Caedmon Records.
Boris Karloff narrated a version of the story on a 1977 LP Mr. Pickwick Records, with original songs and sound effects.
Ronald Colman was the host and narrator for a radio adaptation on NBC's Favorite Story on July 2, 1946 (requested by Walter Huston as that actor's favorite story).
An adaptation was broadcast on September 19, 1947 on NBC University of the Air: American Novels.[26]
Martin Donegan was the narrator for a recording on CMS Records.
Hurd Hatfield was the narrator for a recording on Spoken Arts Records in the 1960s.
George Guidall was the narrator for a 1999 unabridged recording on CD for Recorded Books.
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1998) - An abridged version narrated by Winifred Phillips and produced for the Radio Tales series on National Public Radio. The program was released on audiocassette by Durkin Hayes Publishing Ltd in 1998 as a part of both its DH Audio catalog and its "Paperback Audio" line.
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (2005). Produced by The Colonial Radio Theatre on the Air and released by Blackstone Audio. Faithfully adapted from the book by Washington Irving, this production has an elaborate music score by Jeffrey Gage, sound effects, and a full cast. Originally released as a "Halloween Pick" by Barnes & Noble bookstores, the production went on to win the Ogle Award for "Best Fantasy Production of 2005." The cast includes Lincoln Clark as Ichabod Crane, Joseph Zamparelli Jr. as Brom Bones, and Diane Capen as Katrina Van Tassel. The book was dramatized, produced and directed by Jerry Robbins. On Halloween 2005, the production was broadcast coast to coast on XM Radio's Sonic Theater, and repeated the following year. It continues to be one of Colonial's most popular titles in release.
BBC Radio 7 (and later BBC Radio 4 Extra) has repeatedly broadcast a three-part reading of the story with Martin Jarvis as the narrator.
Historic Hudson Valley[27] produced with Platters, a dramatic reading of "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" (2008) with musical effects by Matt Noble. Parent's Choice gave it the Silver award in 2009, noting; "Here, master storyteller Jonathan Kruk delivers the story as an audio book, with colorful eloquence backed by orchestral radiance. While remaining true to Irving’s original text, Kruk boosts the story’s energy through his highly skilled reading."[28]
"Ichabod Crane, Master of the Occult"[29] (2012) is a sequel to the original story, written by D. K. Thompson and produced by Marshal Latham on the Journey Into podcast.
Tom Mison, who plays Ichabod Crane in the television series Sleepy Hollow, was the narrator for a 2014 recording for Audible Studios.
Geographic impact[edit]
U.S. postage stamp of Legend of Sleepy Hollow, issued October 1974
Annually since 1996, before Halloween, the nonprofit organization Historic Hudson Valley has held "Legend Weekend", an event at the Philipsburg Manor House in Sleepy Hollow, featuring a rider portraying the Headless Horseman and a storyteller, Jonathan Kruk, retelling "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" as an historic celebration attended by thousands.
In 1997, the village of North Tarrytown, New York (as the village had been called since the late 19th century), where many events of the story took place, officially changed its name to Sleepy Hollow. Its high school teams are named "the Horsemen".
In 2006, a large statue depicting the Headless Horseman chasing Ichabod Crane was placed along Route 9 in Sleepy Hollow/Tarrytown, New York.
Place names[edit]
Town and village names:
Sleepy Hollow, Illinois, many of the street names reflect characters from the tale, and the image of the Headless Horseman can be found on many of the city's landmarks and publications.
Sleepy Hollow, Marin County, California, has Irving Drive, Legend Road, Ichabod Court, Katrina Lane, Van Tassel Court, Baltus Lane, Crane Drive, and Van Winkle Drive.
Subdivision names:
Bethel, Connecticut, "Sleepy Hollow Estates", Ichabod Lane, Legend Drive, and Katrina Circle.
Roanoke, Virginia, and Longwood, Florida, "Sleepy Hollow", street names such as Ichabod and Horseman.
Pearland, Texas, "Sleepy Hollow", street names such as Washington Irving Drive, Sleepy Hollow Drive, Crane Drive, Tarrytown Lane, and Brom Bones Boulevard.
Port Jervis, New York, Sleepy Hollow Road
Falls Church, Virginia, Street names Sleepy Hollow Road, Crane Drive, Ichabod Place, and Horseman Lane. There is also a Sleepy Hollow Park and Sleepy Hollow Bath & Racquet Club.
Mt. Lebanon, Pennsylvania, Sleepy Hollow Road
Breinigsville, Pennsylvania, Sleepy Hollow Lane
Spinnerstown, Pennsylvania, Sleepy Hollow Road
Hampden Township, Pennsylvania, "Sleepy Hollow", Ichabod Court, Brom Court, and Katrina Court.
State Parks:
Sleepy Hollow State Park, Laingsburg, Michigan
Schools:
The Ichabod Crane School District, Valatie, New York. The school's sports teams are called "The Riders" and a silhouette of Ichabod Crane on his horse is often representative of the home team while a silhouette of the Headless Horseman is representative of the opponent. The wings in the junior high school are also named for characters and places, such as Katrina Van Tassel and Sleepy Hollow.
The Ichabod Crane Schoolhouse, Kinderhook, New York .
Sleepy Hollow Elementary
Orinda, California, has Washington Lane, Sleepy Hollow Lane, Tarry Lane, Van Ripper Lane, Van Tassel Lane, Tappan Lane, and Crane Court.
Pinson, Alabama's Sleepy Hollow Subdivision has Sleepy Hollow Drive
Rest Stop:
Sleepy Hollow Rest area
On the Far North Coast of NSW lies the sleepy hollow rest stop. There is a stop located either side of the road so that North and South bound traffic is able to stop. The northbound stop is located 58 km north of Ballina, NSW and the southbound stop is located 32 km south of Tweed Heads.
See also[edit]
Novels portal
Ghost films
Ghost stories
Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, founded in 1849, is adjacent to the Old Dutch Burying Ground. They are separately owned and administered.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Burstein, Andrew. "The Politics of Sleepy Hollow". NYTimes.com. New York Times. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Haughton, Brian (2012). Famous Ghost Stories: Legends and Lore.
Jump up ^ "Musäus Folktale". Readprint.com. Retrieved 2014-02-18.
Jump up ^ Ward, Harry M. The War of Independence and the Transformation of American Society. ISBN 185728657X.
Jump up ^ Kruk, Jonathan. Legends and Lore of Sleepy Hollow & the Hudson Valley. ISBN 1596297980.
Jump up ^ A letter from Merwin Irving was endorsed in Irving's handwriting "From Jesse Merwin, the original of Ichabod Crane". Life and Letters of Washington Irving. 3. New York: G.P. Putnam and Son. 1869. pp. 185–186.
Jump up ^ Burstein, Andrew (2007). The Original Knickerbocker: The Life of Washington Irving. New York: Basic Books. p. 143. ISBN 978-0-465-00853-7.
Jump up ^ Puertas, Manuel Herrero (2012). "Pioneers for the Mind: Embodiment, Disability, and the De-hallucination of American Empire". Atlantis. 34.1.
Jump up ^ Martin, Terence (1953). "Rip, Ichabod, and the American Imagination". American Literature. 31.2.
Jump up ^ "Charles Sellier, creator of 'Grizzly Adams,' dies at 67". Variety. February 3, 2011. Retrieved February 2, 2011.
Jump up ^ Genzlinger, Neil (September 15, 2013). "An Ichabod Crane With Backbone (but Can He Use an iPad?)". The New York Times. Retrieved September 18, 2013.
Jump up ^ Cook, Christopher (2008). Washington Irving's The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (A play in two acts). Authorhouse.
Jump up ^ "Sleepy Hollow (1948)". Internet Broadway Database.
Jump up ^ The Legend of Sleepy Hollow – Washington Irving – Google Boeken. Books.google.com. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Legend of Sleepy Hollow One Act Play for Schools and Theatres!". childrenstheatre.easystorecreator.com. Retrieved November 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow". Stories in Concert. Archived from the original on February 26, 2014. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow in Concert: Production History". Archived from the original on September 26, 2012. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, the opera". Retrieved August 7, 2013.
Jump up ^ The Legend of Sleepy Hollow: An MSU Opera – YouTube. March 26, 2009. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Sleepy Hollow Legend Lives on at Regional Competition". weber.edu. 28 December 2009. Retrieved November 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ Hansen, Erica (October 25, 2009). "WSU creates musical of 'Sleepy Hollow' tale". Deseret News. Retrieved November 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Michael Kanin Playwriting Awards for Festival Year 2009". March 10, 2010. Retrieved November 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ "signature-theatre.org". signature-theatre.org. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Darkstuff Productions". Darkstuff Productions. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Tarrytown Tales by Sean P. Harrington". Retrieved June 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ digitaldeliftp.com. "The Definitive American Novels Radio Log". digitaldeliftp.com. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ "hudsonvalley.org". hudsonvalley.org. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Parents Choice".
Jump up ^ Into, Journey (November 11, 2012). "Journey Into...: Journey #50 – Ichabod Crane, Master of the Occult by D.K. Thompson". Journeyintopodcast.blogspot.com. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
Further reading[edit]
Thomas S. Wermuth (2001). Rip Van Winkle's Neighbors: The Transformation of Rural Society in the Hudson River Valley. State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-7914-5084-8.
External links[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow original text with human-read audio.
"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" from The Harvard Classics (1917), hosted online at Bartleby.com.
"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" at American Literature.
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow public domain audiobook at LibriVox
"Sleepy Hollow", a non-fiction description of the story's locale written by Washington Irving in 1839.
Sleepy Hollow Cemetery. Founded in 1849, it is adjacent to but separate from the Old Dutch Burying Ground.
The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad on IMDb
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow on IMDb
Sleepy Hollow on IMDb
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List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War I
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World War I (also known as the First World War and the Great War) was a global military conflict that embroiled most of the world's great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances: the Entente and the Central Powers.[1] The immediate cause of the war was the June 28, 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, by Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb citizen of Austria–Hungary and member of the Black Hand. The retaliation by Austria–Hungary against Serbia activated a series of alliances that set off a chain reaction of war declarations. Within a month, much of Europe was in a state of open warfare, resulting in the mobilization of more than 65 million European soldiers,[2] and more than 40 million casualties—including approximately 20 million deaths by the end of the war.[3]
When World War I broke out, the United States maintained a policy of isolationism, avoiding conflict while trying to negotiate peace between the warring nations. However, when a German U-boat sank the British liner Lusitania in 1915, with 128 Americans aboard, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson demanded an end to attacks on passenger ships. Germany complied and Wilson unsuccessfully tried to mediate a settlement. He repeatedly warned that the U.S. would not tolerate unrestricted submarine warfare, in violation of international law.[4]
By the time the United States of America entered the war in 1917—three years after the first shots were fired—several Americans had already gone to fight as pilots by joining the Royal Flying Corps. These pilots reported to Canada, and after flight training were sent to fight as officers in the British military.[5]
The Medal of Honor was created during the American Civil War and is the highest military decoration presented by the United States government to a member of its armed forces. The recipient must have distinguished themselves at the risk of their own life above and beyond the call of duty in action against an enemy of the United States. Due to the nature of this medal, it is commonly presented posthumously.[6]
In all some 121 men received the Medal for their actions in World War I (34 of them posthumously): 92 from the Army, to include 4 from the Air Service, 21 from the Navy, and 8 from the Marine Corps. Among the recipients were Alvin York, who later became the basis for the movie Sergeant York, and Edward Rickenbacker, who became a flying ace. Ralph Talbot of the Marine Corps also became a flying ace and was the first Marine aviator to receive the Medal of Honor.[7][8]
Since the Medal of Honor was established, 19 recipients have received it twice, of whom 5 received both awards during World War I.[9] These 5 men were all Marines who received both the Army and Navy versions of the Medal of Honor for the same action. This was made possible by the practice of attaching some units of the U.S. Marine Corps, a part of the Department of the Navy, to larger U.S. Army commands, making marines in such units eligible for both Army and Navy decorations. Of the other three marines who earned the Medal of Honor during World War I, two were awarded only the Navy version and one, Fred W. Stockham, received only the Army version.[10] In February 1919, the criteria for the award were amended to state that no person could receive more than one Medal of Honor, thus precluding any future double recipients.[11]
Contents
[hide]
1 Recipients
2 See also
3 Footnotes
4 References
Recipients[edit]
This with the † indicates that the Medal of Honor was awarded posthumously
Image
Name
Service
Rank
Place of action
Date of action
Notes[12]
Adkison, Joseph B.Joseph B. Adkison Army E-05Sergeant Bellicourt, France !near Bellicourt, France 000000001918-09-29-0000Sep 29, 1918 Single-handedly attacked and captured a machine gun position
Allex, JakeJake Allex Army E-04Corporal Chipilly Ridge, France !Chipilly Ridge, France 000000001918-08-09-0000Aug 9, 1918 Took command of his platoon after all officers had been killed or wounded and single-handedly captured a machine gun nest
Allworth, Edward C.Edward C. Allworth Army O-03Captain Clery Le Petit, France !Cléry-le-Petit, France 000000001918-11-05-0000Nov 5, 1918 Swam across a canal under fire, encouraging his men to follow, then led his unit in the capture of 100 prisoners
Anderson, Johannes S.Johannes S. Anderson Army E-08First Sergeant Consenvoye, France !Consenvoye, France 000000001918-10-08-0000Oct 8, 1918 Single-handedly attacked and captured a machine gun nest
Baesel, Albert E.Albert E. Baesel † Army O-01Second Lieutenant Ivoiry, France !near Ivoiry, France 000000001918-09-27-0000Sep 27, 1918 Killed while trying to rescue a wounded soldier under heavy fire
Balch, John H.John H. Balch Navy E-06Pharmacist's Mate First Class Vierzy and Somme-Py, France !Vierzy and Somme-Py, France 000000001918-07-19-0000Jul 19, 1918 and
000000001918-10-05-0000Oct 5, 1918 Exposed himself to intense fire in order to treat the wounded and establish a dressing station
Barger, Charles D.Charles D. Barger Army E-02Private First Class Bois De Bantheville, France !near Bois-de-Bantheville, France 000000001918-10-31-0000Oct 31, 1918 With Jesse N. Funk, entered no man's land and rescued two wounded officers
Barkley, David B.David B. Barkley † Army E-01Private Pouilly Sur Meuse, France !near Pouilly-sur-Meuse, France 000000001918-11-09-0000Nov 9, 1918 Swam the Meuse River and reconnoitered German positions under heavy fire, drowned on the return trip
Barkley, John L.John L. Barkley Army E-02Private First Class Cunel, France !near Cunel, France 000000001918-10-07-0000Oct 7, 1918 Manned a machine gun inside a disabled tank and single-handedly repelled two German counterattacks
Bart, Frank J.Frank J. Bart Army E-01Private Medeah Ferme, France !near Medeah Ferme, France 000000001918-10-03-0000Oct 3, 1918 Single-handedly attacked and silenced two machine gun nests
Blackwell, Robert L.Robert L. Blackwell † Army E-01Private Saint Souplet, France !near Saint-Souplet, France 000000001918-10-11-0000Oct 11, 1918 Killed while trying to carry a message calling for reinforcements through heavy fire
Bleckley, Erwin R.Erwin R. Bleckley † Air Service O-01Second Lieutenant Binarville, France !near Binarville, France 000000001918-10-06-0000Oct 6, 1918 Killed while trying to supply the Lost Battalion by air with Harold Goettler
Boone, Joel T.Joel T. Boone Navy O-03Lieutenant Vierzy, France !near Vierzy, France 000000001918-07-19-0000Jul 19, 1918 Exposed himself to intense fire in order to treat the wounded and bring in supplies
Bradley, Jr., Willis WinterWillis Winter Bradley, Jr. Navy O-03Lieutenant USS Pittsburgh en route to Buenos Aires, Argentina 000000001917-07-23-0000Jul 23, 1917 Entered a room containing explosives and extinguished a fire after an accidental detonation
Bronson, DemingDeming Bronson Army O-02First Lieutenant Eclisfontaine, France !near Eclisfontaine, France 000000001918-09-26-0000Sep 26, 1918 – 000000001918-09-27-0000Sep 27, 1918 Continued to fight although suffering from severe wounds
Call, Donald M.Donald M. Call Army E-04Corporal Varennes, France !near Varennes, France 000000001918-09-26-0000Sep 26, 1918 Rescued a wounded officer from a disabled tank and carried him to safety under intense fire
Cann, Tedford H.Tedford H. Cann Navy E-03Seaman USS May 000000001917-11-05-0000Nov 5, 1917 Dove into a flooded compartment to find and plug a leak which threatened his ship
Chiles, Marcellus H.Marcellus H. Chiles † Army O-03Captain Le Champy Bas, France !near Le Champy Bas, France 000000001918-11-03-0000Nov 3, 1918 Led from the front despite intense machine gun fire until being mortally wounded
—
Colyer, Wilbur E.Wilbur E. Colyer † Army E-05Sergeant Verdun, France !near Verdun, France 000000001918-10-09-0000Oct 9, 1918 Single-handedly attacked and silenced three machine gun nests
—
Costin, Henry G.Henry G. Costin † Army E-01Private Bois De Consenvoye, France !near Bois-de-Consenvoye, France 000000001918-10-08-0000Oct 8, 1918 Mortally wounded while attacking a machine gun nest alone after everyone else in his team had become casualties
Covington, Jesse W.Jesse W. Covington Navy E-04Ship's Cook Third class USS Stewart 000000001918-04-17-0000Apr 17, 1918 Dove overboard and rescued a man who was surrounded by boxes of explosives
Cukela, LouisLouis Cukela Marine Corps E-05Sergeant Villers Cotterets, France !near Villers-Cotterêts, France 000000001918-07-18-0000Jul 18, 1918 Single-handedly attacked and captured a German strongpoint[n 1]
Dilboy, GeorgeGeorge Dilboy † Army E-02Private First Class Belleau, France !near Belleau, France 000000001918-07-18-0000Jul 18, 1918 Mortally wounded while single-handedly attacking and silencing a machine gun position
Donaldson, Michael A.Michael A. Donaldson Army E-05Sergeant Sommerance Landres Et Saint Georges Road, France !Sommerance-Landres-et-Saint-Georges Road, France 000000001918-10-14-0000Oct 14, 1918 Rescued six wounded men despite intense fire
Donovan, William J.William J. Donovan Army O-05Lieutenant Colonel Landres Et Saint Georges, France !near Landres-et-Saint-Georges, France 000000001918-10-14-0000Oct 14, 1918 – 000000001918-10-15-0000Oct 15, 1918 Exposed himself to fire in order to lead and organize his men, remained with them after being wounded. The only person to have received the four highest awards in the United States: the Medal of Honor, the Distinguished Service Cross, the Distinguished Service Medal, and the National Security Medal.[13]
Dozier, James C.James C. Dozier Army O-02First Lieutenant Montbrehain, France !near Montbrehain, France 000000001918-10-08-0000Oct 8, 1918 Continued to lead after being wounded and, with another soldier, silenced a machine gun nest
Dunn, Parker F.Parker F. Dunn † Army E-02Private First Class Grand Pre, France !near Grandpré, Ardennes, France 000000001918-10-23-0000Oct 23, 1918 Killed while carrying a message through intense fire
—
Edwards, Daniel R.Daniel R. Edwards Army E-02Private First Class Soissons, France !Soissons, France 000000001918-07-18-0000Jul 18, 1918 Although severely injured, single-handedly entered a German trench and killed or captured the occupants
Eggers, Alan L.Alan L. Eggers Army E-05Sergeant Le Catelet, France !near Le Catelet, France 000000001918-09-29-0000Sep 29, 1918 With J.C. Latham and Thomas E. O'Shea, rescued the crew of a disabled tank and protected them from attack all day
—
Ellis, Michael B.Michael B. Ellis Army E-05Sergeant Exermont, France !near Exermont, France 000000001918-10-05-0000Oct 5, 1918 Single-handedly attacked and captured several German positions
Forrest, Arthur J.Arthur J. Forrest Army E-05Sergeant Remonville, France !near Remonville, France 000000001918-11-01-0000Nov 1, 1918 Single-handedly attacked and silenced a machine gun nest
Foster, Gary E.Gary E. Foster Army E-05Sergeant Montbrehain, France !near Montbrehain, France 000000001918-10-08-0000Oct 8, 1918 Single-handedly silenced a machine gun nest
Funk, Jesse N.Jesse N. Funk Army E-02Private First Class Bois De Bantheville, France !near Bois-de-Bantheville, France 000000001918-10-31-0000Oct 31, 1918 With Charles D. Barger, entered no man's land and rescued two wounded officers
—
Furlong, Harold A.Harold A. Furlong Army O-02First Lieutenant Bantheville, France !near Bantheville, France 000000001918-11-01-0000Nov 1, 1918 Single-handedly attacked and silenced a series of machine gun nests
Gaffney, Frank J.Frank J. Gaffney Army E-02Private First Class Ronssoy, France !near Ronssoy, France 000000001918-09-29-0000Sep 29, 1918 Single-handedly captured and held a German position until reinforcements arrived
Goettler, Harold E.Harold E. Goettler † Air Service O-02First Lieutenant Binarville, France !near Binarville, France 000000001918-10-06-0000Oct 6, 1918 Killed while trying to supply the Lost Battalion by air with Erwin Bleckley
Graves, OraOra Graves Navy E-03Seaman USS Pittsburgh en route to Buenos Aires, Argentina 000000001917-07-23-0000Jul 23, 1917 Extinguished a fire after an accidental explosion
Gregory, Earle D.Earle D. Gregory Army E-05Sergeant Verdun, France !north of Verdun, France 000000001918-10-08-0000Oct 8, 1918 Single-handedly attacked and captured three German positions
Gumpertz, Sydney G.Sydney G. Gumpertz Army E-08First Sergeant Bois De Forges, France !Bois-de-Forges, France 000000001918-09-29-0000Sep 29, 1918 Single-handedly silenced a machine gun nest
—
Hall, Thomas L.Thomas L. Hall † Army E-05Sergeant Montbrehain, France !near Montbrehain, France 000000001918-10-08-0000Oct 8, 1918 Single-handedly attacked and silenced a machine gun nest, killed while attacking a second
Hammann, Charles H.Charles H. Hammann Naval Reserve O-01Ensign Pula, Austria–Hungary !off Pula, Austria–Hungary 000000001918-08-21-0000Aug 21, 1918 Rescued a fellow pilot who had been shot down
Hatler, M. WaldoM. Waldo Hatler Army E-05Sergeant Pouilly Sur Meuse, France !near Pouilly-sur-Meuse, France 000000001918-11-08-0000Nov 8, 1918 Swam the Meuse River and reconnoitered German positions under heavy fire
Hayden, David E.David E. Hayden Navy E-03Hospital Apprentice First Class Thiaucourt, France !Thiaucourt, France 000000001918-09-15-0000Sep 15, 1918 Reached a wounded man, treated him, and carried him to safety despite intense fire
Hays, George P.George P. Hays Army O-02First Lieutenant Greves Farm, France !near Greves Farm, France 000000001918-07-14-0000Jul 14, 1918 – 000000001918-07-15-0000Jul 15, 1918 Carried messages through heavy fire
Heriot, James D.James D. Heriot † Army E-04Corporal Vaux Andigny, France !Vaux-Andigny, France 000000001918-10-12-0000Oct 12, 1918 Single-handedly attacked and captured a machine gun nest, killed while attacking a second
Hill, Ralyn M.Ralyn M. Hill Army E-04Corporal Donnevoux, France !near Donnevoux, France 000000001918-10-07-0000Oct 7, 1918 Ran through heavy fire to rescue a downed French pilot
Hilton, Richmond H.Richmond H. Hilton Army E-05Sergeant Brancourt, France !Brancourt, France 000000001918-10-11-0000Oct 11, 1918 Led an attack which successfully captured a machine gun nest
Holderman, Nelson M.Nelson M. Holderman Army O-03Captain Binarville, France !northeast of Binarville, France 000000001918-10-02-0000Oct 2, 1918 – 000000001918-10-08-0000Oct 8, 1918 As part of the Lost Battalion, continued to lead despite being repeatedly wounded and rescued two wounded men from under intense fire
Ingram, Osmond K.Osmond K. Ingram † Navy E-06Gunner's Mate First Class USS Cassin, off the coast of Ireland 000000001917-10-15-0000Oct 15, 1917 Killed while attempting to release depth charges in the face of an oncoming torpedo
Izac, Edouard V. M.Edouard V. M. Izac Navy O-03Lieutenant German submarine U-90 000000001918-05-21-0000May 21, 1918 Gathered intellegience while a prisoner of war, escaped and brought the information to the Allies
Janson, Ernest A.Ernest A. Janson Marine Corps E-07Gunnery Sergeant Chateau Thierry, France !near Château-Thierry, France 000000001918-06-06-0000Jun 6, 1918 Single-handedly attacked and dispersed a machine gun detachment[n 1][n 2]
Johnston, Harold I.Harold I. Johnston Army E-02Private First Class Pouilly Sur Meuse, France !near Pouilly-sur-Meuse, France 000000001918-11-09-0000Nov 9, 1918 Swam the Meuse River and reconnoitered German positions under heavy fire
Johnson, HenryHenry Johnson Army E-05Sergeant Argonne Forest, France !near Argonne Forest, France 000000001918-05-14-0000May 14, 1918 repelled a 24-man German raiding party; suffered 21 wounds
Karnes, James E.James E. Karnes Army E-05Sergeant Estrees, France !near Estrées, France 000000001918-10-08-0000Oct 8, 1918 With Calvin Ward, attacked and captured a machine gun nest
Katz, Phillip C.Phillip C. Katz Army E-05Sergeant Eclisfontaine, France !near Eclisfontaine, France 000000001918-09-26-0000Sep 26, 1918 Rescued a wounded man from under heavy fire
Kaufman, BenjaminBenjamin Kaufman Army E-08First Sergeant Argonne Forest, France !Forest of Argonne, France 000000001918-10-04-0000Oct 4, 1918 Although wounded, single-handedly attacked and captured a machine gun
Kelly, John J.John J. Kelly Marine Corps E-01Private Blanc Mont Ridge, France !Blanc Mont Ridge, France 000000001918-10-03-0000Oct 3, 1918 Single-handedly attacked a machine gun nest under an artillery barrage[n 1]
Kocak, MatejMatej Kocak † Marine Corps E-05Sergeant Soissons, France !south of Soissons, France 000000001918-07-18-0000Jul 18, 1918 Single-handedly silenced a machine gun nest and led a successful attack on a second nest[n 1]
Latham, John C.John C. Latham Army E-05Sergeant Le Catelet, France !near Le Catelet, France 000000001918-09-29-0000Sep 29, 1918 With Alan L. Eggers and Thomas E. O'Shea, rescued the crew of a disabled tank and protected them from attack all day
Lemert, MiloMilo Lemert † Army E-08First Sergeant Bellicourt, France !near Bellicourt, France 000000001918-09-29-0000Sep 29, 1918 Single-handedly silenced three machine guns, killed while attacking a fourth with another man
Loman, BergerBerger Loman Army E-01Private Consenvoye, France !near Consenvoye, France 000000001918-10-09-0000Oct 9, 1918 Single-handedly attacked and captured a machine gun
Luke, Jr., FrankFrank Luke, Jr. † Air Service O-01Second Lieutenant Murvaux, France !near Murvaux, France 000000001918-09-29-0000Sep 29, 1918 Destroyed three observation balloons before being forced to land because of mortal wounds
Lyle, Alexander G.Alexander G. Lyle Navy O-04Lieutenant Commander France 000000001918-04-23-0000Apr 23, 1918 Exposed himself to hostile fire to treat a wounded man
MacKenzie, JohnJohn MacKenzie Navy E-07Chief Boatswain's Mate USS Remlik (SP-157) in the Bay of Biscay 000000001917-12-17-0000Dec 17, 1917 Secured a live depth charge
Madison, James J.James J. Madison Naval Reserve O-04Lieutenant Commander USS Ticonderoga 000000001918-09-30-0000Sep 30, 1918 Continued to lead his ship after being severely wounded during a U-boat attack
Mallon, George H.George H. Mallon Army O-03Captain Bois De Forges, France !Bois-de-Forges, France 000000001918-09-26-0000Sep 26, 1918 Led a small group in the capture of a series of German positions
Manning, Sidney E.Sidney E. Manning Army E-04Corporal Breuvannes, France !near Breuvannes, France 000000001918-07-28-0000Jul 28, 1918 Took command of his platoon and, although repeatedly wounded, led his men forward
McGunigal, PatrickPatrick McGunigal Navy E-06Shipfitter First class USS Huntington 000000001917-09-17-0000Sep 17, 1917 Rescued the pilot of a crashed observation balloon
McMurtry, George G.George G. McMurtry Army O-03Captain Charlevaux, France !Charlevaux, France 000000001918-10-02-0000Oct 2, 1918 – 000000001918-10-08-0000Oct 8, 1918 As part of the Lost Battalion, continued to lead and encourage his men despite being repeatedly wounded
Mestrovitch, James I.James I. Mestrovitch † Army E-05Sergeant Fismette, France !Fismette, France 000000001918-08-10-0000Aug 10, 1918 Rescued a wounded officer from under heavy fire
—
Miles, L. WardlawL. Wardlaw Miles Army O-03Captain Revillon, France !near Revillon, France 000000001918-09-14-0000Sep 14, 1918 Led an attack against a German trench and continued to lead after being severely wounded
Miller, Oscar F.Oscar F. Miller † Army O-04Major Gesnes, France !near Gesnes, France 000000001918-09-28-0000Sep 28, 1918 Continued to lead an attack despite being repeatedly wounded, later died of his wounds
—
Morelock, Sterling L.Sterling L. Morelock Army E-01Private Exermont, France !near Exermont, France 000000001918-10-04-0000Oct 4, 1918 Led a small group in capturing a series of machine gun nests and then treated the wounded
Neibaur, Thomas C.Thomas C. Neibaur Army E-01Private Landres Et Saint Georges, France !near Landres-et-Saint-Georges, France 000000001918-10-16-0000Oct 16, 1918 Although wounded and cut off from his unit, helped hold off a German counterattack
O'Neill, Richard W.Richard W. O'Neill Army E-05Sergeant Ourcq River, France !on the Ourcq River, France 000000001918-07-30-0000Jul 30, 1918 Continued to lead an attack despite being repeatedly wounded
—
Ormsbee, Jr., Francis E.Francis E. Ormsbee, Jr. Navy E-07Chief Machinist's Mate Pensacola, Florida !near the Naval Air Station, Pensacola, Florida 000000001918-09-25-0000Sep 25, 1918 Rescued the gunner of a downed plane, tried unsuccessfully to rescue the pilot
Osborne, Weedon E.Weedon E. Osborne † Navy O-02Lieutenant, Junior Grade Bouresches, France !Bouresches, France 000000001918-06-06-0000Jun 6, 1918 Killed while rescuing wounded men from under heavy fire
O'Shea, Thomas E.Thomas E. O'Shea † Army E-04Corporal Le Catelet, France !near Le Catelet, France 000000001918-09-29-0000Sep 29, 1918 Killed while attempting to rescue the crew of a disabled tank along with J.C. Latham and Alan L. Eggers
Parker, Samuel I.Samuel I. Parker Army O-01Second Lieutenant Soissons, France !near Soissons, France 000000001918-07-18-0000Jul 18, 1918 – 000000001918-07-19-0000Jul 19, 1918 Led an attack which captured a German strong point, continued to lead after being wounded
Peck, Archie A.Archie A. Peck Army E-01Private Argonne Forest, France !Forest of Argonne, France 000000001918-10-06-0000Oct 6, 1918 Rescued two wounded men from under heavy fire
Perkins, Michael J.Michael J. Perkins † Army E-02Private First Class Belleu Bois, France !Belleu Bois, France 000000001918-10-27-0000Oct 27, 1918 Single-handedly attacked and captured a pillbox
Petty, Orlando H.Orlando H. Petty Naval Reserve O-03Lieutenant Bois De Belleau, France !Bois-de-Belleau, France 000000001918-06-11-0000Jun 11, 1918 Tended the wounded despite artillery and gas attacks, even after his gas mask was rendered useless
Pike, Emory JenisonEmory Jenison Pike † Army O-05Lieutenant Colonel Vandieres, France !near Vandières, France 000000001918-09-15-0000Sep 15, 1918 Continued to lead after being mortally wounded while aiding an injured soldier
Pope, Thomas A.Thomas A. Pope Army E-04Corporal Hamel, France !Hamel, France 000000001918-07-04-0000Jul 4, 1918 Single-handedly attacked and silenced a machine gun nest
Pruitt, John H.John H. Pruitt † Marine Corps E-04Corporal Blanc Mont Ridge, France !Blanc Mont Ridge, France 000000001918-10-03-0000Oct 3, 1918 Single-handedly captured two machine guns and forty prisoners[n 1]
Regan, PatrickPatrick Regan Army O-01Second Lieutenant Bois De Consenvoye, France !Bois-de-Consenvoye, France 000000001918-10-08-0000Oct 8, 1918 Led his platoon in the capture of a machine gun nest and continued to lead after being wounded
Rickenbacker, Edward V.Edward V. Rickenbacker Air Service O-02First Lieutenant Billy Sous Les Cotes, France !near Billy-sous-les-Côtes, France 000000001918-09-25-0000Sep 25, 1918 Attacked seven German planes, shooting down two
Robb, George S.George S. Robb Army O-02First Lieutenant Sechault, France !near Séchault, France 000000001918-09-29-0000Sep 29, 1918 – 000000001918-09-30-0000Sep 30, 1918 Continued to lead despite being repeatedly wounded
—
Roberts, Harold W.Harold W. Roberts † Army E-04Corporal Montrebeau Woods, France !Montrebeau Woods, France 000000001918-10-04-0000Oct 4, 1918 Drowned after pushing another man to safety when their tank fell into a water-filled shell hole
Robinson, Robert G.Robert G. Robinson Marine Corps E-07Gunnery Sergeant Pittem, Belgium !over Pittem, Belgium 000000001918-10-08-0000Oct 8, 1918 and
000000001918-10-14-0000Oct 14, 1918 Continued to fire his weapon after being severely wounded in an aerial battle against twelve German planes
Sampler, Samuel M.Samuel M. Sampler Army E-04Corporal Saint Etienne A Arnes, France !near Saint-Étienne-à-Arnes, France 000000001918-10-08-0000Oct 8, 1918 Single-handedly attacked and silenced a machine gun nest
Sandlin, WillieWillie Sandlin Army E-05Sergeant Bois De Forges, France !Bois-de-Forges, France 000000001918-09-26-0000Sep 26, 1918 Single-handedly attacked three machine gun nests
Sawelson, WilliamWilliam Sawelson † Army E-05Sergeant Grand Pre, France !Grandpré, Ardennes, France 000000001918-10-26-0000Oct 26, 1918 Killed while aiding a wounded man under heavy fire
—
Schaffner, Dwite H.Dwite H. Schaffner Army O-02First Lieutenant St. Hubert's Pavilion, Boureuilles, France !near St. Hubert's Pavilion, Boureuilles, France 000000001918-09-28-0000Sep 28, 1918 Led his men in a defense against German counterattacks, personally captured a German officer and extracted information from him
Schmidt, Jr., OscarOscar Schmidt, Jr. Navy E-07Chief Gunner's Mate USS Chestnut Hill 000000001918-10-09-0000Oct 9, 1918 Rescued a wounded man from the water and attempted to rescue another
Seibert, Lloyd M.Lloyd M. Seibert Army E-05Sergeant Epinonville, France !near Épinonville, France 000000001918-09-26-0000Sep 26, 1918 Although ill, led his men in an attack on a machine gun and continued to lead after being wounded
Shemin, WilliamWilliam Shemin † Army E-05Sergeant Vesle River, southeast of Bazoches, France 000000001918-08-07-0000Aug 7, 1918 – 000000001918-08-09-0000Aug 9, 1918 Rescued the wounded from under heavy fire and took command of his platoon after his superiors became casualties
—
Siegel, John O.John O. Siegel Navy E-05Boatswain's Mate Second Class Mohawk (YT-17) 000000001918-11-01-0000Nov 1, 1918 Rescued two men from a burning vessel before being trapped and collapsing from the smoke
Skinker, Alexander R.Alexander R. Skinker † Army O-03Captain Cheppy, France !Cheppy, France 000000001918-09-26-0000Sep 26, 1918 Killed while leading two other men in an attack on German pillboxes
Slack, Clayton K.Clayton K. Slack Army E-01Private Consenvoye, France !near Consenvoye, France 000000001918-10-08-0000Oct 8, 1918 Single-handedly attacked and captured a group of German soldiers
Smith, Fred E.Fred E. Smith † Army O-05Lieutenant Colonel Binarville, France !near Binarville, France 000000001918-09-29-0000Sep 29, 1918 Drew German fire onto himself so his men could find cover, retrieved a supply of grenades and was mortally wounded while planning a counterattack
Stockham, Fred W.Fred W. Stockham † Marine Corps E-07Gunnery Sergeant Bois De Belleau, France !Bois-de-Belleau, France 000000001918-06-13-0000June 13, 1918 – 000000001918-06-14-0000Jun 14, 1918 Gave his gas mask to a wounded comrade, later died of poison gas exposure
—
Stowers, FreddieFreddie Stowers † Army E-04Corporal Ardeuil Et Montfauxelles, France !near Ardeuil-et-Montfauxelles, France 000000001918-09-28-0000Sep 28, 1918 Led an attack on German positions and continued to lead after being mortally wounded
Sullivan, Daniel A. J.Daniel A. J. Sullivan Naval Reserve O-01Ensign USS Christabel 000000001918-05-21-0000May 21, 1918 Secured a group of live depth charges
Talbot, RalphRalph Talbot † Marine Corps O-01Second Lieutenant Pittem, Belgium !over Pittem, Belgium 000000001918-10-08-0000Oct 8, 1918 and
000000001918-10-14-0000Oct 14, 1918 With gunner Robert G. Robinson, shot down one plane in an aerial battle against twelve German aircraft
Talley, Edward R.Edward R. Talley Army E-05Sergeant Ponchaux, France !near Ponchaux, France 000000001918-10-07-0000Oct 7, 1918 Single-handedly attacked and silenced a machine gun
Thompson, Joseph H.Joseph H. Thompson Army O-04Major Apremont, France !near Apremont, France 000000001918-10-01-0000Oct 1, 1918 Guided a tank towards a German machine gun nest on foot, despite intense fire
—
Turner, Harold L.Harold L. Turner Army E-04Corporal Saint Etienne A Arnes, France !near Saint-Étienne-à-Arnes, France 000000001918-10-08-0000Oct 8, 1918 Single-handedly attacked and captured a German strong point
Turner, William B.William B. Turner † Army O-02First Lieutenant Ronssoy, France !near Ronssoy, France 000000001918-09-27-0000Sep 27, 1918 Killed while leading his men in a series of attacks despite being wounded
—
Upton, Frank M.Frank M. Upton Navy O-01Ensign USS Stewart 000000001918-04-17-0000Apr 17, 1918 Dove overboard and rescued a man who was surrounded by boxes of explosives
Valente, MichaelMichael Valente Army E-01Private Ronssoy, France !east of Ronssoy, France 000000001918-09-29-0000Sep 29, 1918 With another man, silenced two machine gun nests and attacked a German trench
Van Iersel, Ludovicus M. M.Ludovicus M. M. Van Iersel Army E-05Sergeant Mouzon, France !Mouzon, France 000000001918-11-09-0000Nov 9, 1918 Under heavy fire, reconnoitered a damaged bridge and swam the river to investigate German positions
Villepigue, John C.John C. Villepigue Army E-04Corporal Vaux Andigny, France !Vaux-Andigny, France 000000001918-10-15-0000Oct 15, 1918 Single-handedly attacked a dugout and captured a machine gun nest
Waaler, ReidarReidar Waaler Army E-05Sergeant Ronssoy, France !near Ronssoy, France 000000001918-09-27-0000Sep 27, 1918 Rescued two men from a burning tank under heavy fire
Ward, Calvin J.Calvin J. Ward Army E-01Private Estrees, France !near Estrées, France 000000001918-10-08-0000Oct 8, 1918 With James Karnes, attacked and captured a machine gun nest
—
West, Chester H.Chester H. West Army E-08First Sergeant Bois De Cheppy, France !near Bois-de-Cheppy, France 000000001918-09-26-0000Sep 26, 1918 Single-handedly attacked a machine gun nest
Whittlesey, Charles W.Charles W. Whittlesey Army O-04Major Binarville, France !northeast of Binarville, France 000000001918-10-02-0000Oct 2, 1918 –
000000001918-10-07-0000Oct 7, 1918 As commander of the Lost Battalion, led his unit in holding their position and refused to surrender
Wickersham, J. HunterJ. Hunter Wickersham † Army O-01Second Lieutenant Limey, France !near Limey, France 000000001918-09-12-0000Sep 12, 1918 Continued to lead and fight after being mortally wounded
—
Wold, NelsNels Wold † Army E-01Private Cheppy, France !near Cheppy, France 000000001918-09-26-0000Sep 26, 1918 With another soldier, silenced four machine gun nests, killed while attacking a fifth
Woodfill, SamuelSamuel Woodfill Army O-02First Lieutenant Cunel, France !Cunel, France 000000001918-10-12-0000Oct 12, 1918 Supported by his company, attacked and silenced three machine gun nests
York, Alvin C.Alvin C. York Army E-04Corporal Chatel Chehery, France !near Chatel-Chéhéry, France 000000001918-10-08-0000Oct 8, 1918 Took command of his platoon and led an attack on a machine gun nest
See also[edit]
The British Unknown Warrior from World War I
The American Unknown Soldier from World War I
Footnotes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Received both the Army and Navy versions of the Medal of Honor for the same action; one of nineteen people to receive two Medals of Honor
Jump up ^ Served under the name Charles F. Hoffman
References[edit]
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Army Center of Military History.
General
"Who's Who list of Marines". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. Archived from the original on February 19, 2007. Retrieved July 24, 2008.
Willmott, H.P. (2003). World War I. New York: Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 978-0-7894-9627-0. OCLC 52541937.
Brands, Henry William (1997). T. R.: The Last Romantic. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-06958-3. OCLC 36954615.
Owens, Ron (2004-10). Medal of Honor: Historical Facts & Figures. Paducah, Kentucky: Turner Publishing Company. pp. 92–98. ISBN 978-1-56311-995-8. Retrieved August 11, 2009. Check date values in: |date= (help)
Inline
Jump up ^ Willmott 2003, p. 10
Jump up ^ Willmott 2003, p. 307
Jump up ^ Spencer Tucker; Laura Matysek Wood; Justin D. Murphy (1999). The European powers in the First World War: an encyclopedia. Taylor & Francis. p. 172. ISBN 978-0-8153-3351-7. Retrieved August 21, 2009.
Jump up ^ Brands 1997, p. 756
Jump up ^ Barker, Ralph (2002). The Royal Flying Corps in World War I. Robinson. ISBN 978-1-84119-470-7.
Jump up ^ "A Brief History — The Medal of Honor". Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ). Department of Defense. August 8, 2006. Archived from the original on June 15, 2009. Retrieved February 9, 2010.
Jump up ^ Owens 2004, pp. 95–98
Jump up ^ "Medal of Honor statistics". United States Army Center of Military History. June 8, 2009. Retrieved June 29, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Double Recipients". Congressional Medal of Honor Society. 2009. Retrieved 2009-09-09.
Jump up ^ Owens 2004, p. 94
Jump up ^ "History of the Medal of Honor". Congressional Medal of Honor Society. 2009. Retrieved 2009-09-09.
Jump up ^ "Medal of Honor recipients: World War I". United States Army Center of Military History. June 8, 2009. Retrieved July 2, 2009.
Jump up ^ William J. Wild Bill Donovan, Major General, United States Army. Arlingtoncemetery.net. Retrieved on 2012-08-27.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Medal_of_Honor_recipients_for_World_War_I&oldid=843002190"
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values: George S. Robb - WWI Medal of Honor recipient.jpg

values: Gunnery Sergeant Robert G. Robinson, USMC.jpg

values: Samuel M. Sampler - WWI Medal of Honor recipient.jpg

values: Willie Sandlin - WWI Medal of Honor recipient.jpg

values: William Sawelson - WWI Medal of Honor recipient.jpg

values: Head of a man wearing a dark jacket and tie and a peaked cap with an anchor and "USN" emblem on the front.

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/wiki/Oscar_Schmidt,_Jr.
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Oscar Schmidt, Jr.

values: Lloyd M. Seibert - WWI Medal of Honor recipient.jpg

values: Alexander R. Skinker - WWI Medal of Honor recipient.jpg

values: Head and shoulders of a young man in a military uniform with an array of medals on his chest and a garrison cap with a "US" button.

values: Fred E. Smith - WWI Medal of Honor recipient.jpg

values: Fred W. Stockham - WWI Medal of Honor Recipient.jpg

values: A seated man, his hands folded and resting on his knee, in military uniform with stripes on his sleeve near the wrist, oak leaf and anchor emblems on his collar, and a peaked cap.

values: Head of a young, dark-haired man in a white military coat with bright buttons and an emblem on the collar.

values: Edward R. Talley - WWI Medal of Honor recipient.jpg

values: Head and shoulders of a middle-aged man, with receding hairline, in a dark turtleneck sweater.

values: William B. Turner - WWI Medal of Honor recipient.jpg

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values: Three-quarters frontal picture of a man in uniform wearing a metal helmet with 2nd Infantry Division insignia.  The Medal of Honor, French Croix de guerre with two bronze palms and one silver star and Montenegrin Medal for Military Bravery are pinned to his uniform coat.

values: John C. Villepigue - WWI Medal of Honor recipient.png

values: Reidar Waaler - WWI Medal of Honor recipient.jpg

values: Calvin J. Ward - WWI Medal of Honor recipient.jpg

values: Charles W. Whittlesey - WWI Medal of Honor recipient.jpg

values: John Hunter Wickersham - WWI Medal of Honor Recipient.jpg

values: Samuel Woodfill - WWI Medal of Honor recipient.jpg

values: Head and shoulders of a man in military uniform with combed back hair and a neatly trimmed mustache. Three medals hang from ribbons on his chest.

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/wiki/Alvin_C._York
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Alvin C. York

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values: Copyright status of work by the U.S. government

values: United States Army Center of Military History

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//www.worldcat.org/oclc/52541937

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//www.worldcat.org/oclc/36954615

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http://www.cmohs.org/medal-history.php

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values: Category:Lists of Medal of Honor recipients

values: Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the United States Army Center of Military History

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values: List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War I – Simple English

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