text:
Space Needle
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the tower in Seattle. For other uses, see Space Needle (disambiguation).
Space Needle
The Space Needle flying the flag of the United States on Independence Day, 2011
Record height
Tallest in Seattle and Washington state from 1962 to 1969[I]
Preceded by
Smith Tower
Surpassed by
Safeco Plaza
General information
Status
Complete
Type
Observation tower
Location
400 Broad Street
Seattle, Washington
98109
Coordinates
47°37′13″N 122°20′57″W / 47.6204°N 122.3491°W / 47.6204; -122.3491 (Space Needle)Coordinates: 47°37′13″N 122°20′57″W / 47.6204°N 122.3491°W / 47.6204; -122.3491 (Space Needle)
Construction started
April 17, 1961
Completed
December 8, 1961
Opening
April 21, 1962
Owner
Space Needle Corporation
Height
Antenna spire
184.41 m (605.0 ft)
Top floor
158.12 m (518.8 ft)
Technical details
Floor count
6
Lifts/elevators
3
Design and construction
Architect
John Graham & Company
Structural engineer
John K. Minasian
Victor Steinbrueck
Main contractor
Howard S. Wright Construction Co
Seattle Landmark
Designated
April 19, 1999[1]
References
[2][3][4][5][6]
The Space Needle is an observation tower in Seattle, Washington, a landmark of the Pacific Northwest, and an icon of Seattle. It was built in the Seattle Center for the 1962 World's Fair, which drew over 2.3 million visitors, when nearly 20,000 people a day used its elevators.
Once the tallest structure west of the Mississippi River,[7] it is 605 ft (184 m) high, 138 ft (42 m) wide, and weighs 9,550 tons. It is built to withstand winds of up to 200 miles per hour (89 m/s) and earthquakes of up to 9.1 magnitude,[8] as strong as the 1700 Cascadia earthquake. It also has 25 lightning rods.
It has an observation deck at 520 ft (160 m) and the rotating SkyCity restaurant at 500 ft (150 m).[7] The downtown Seattle skyline, as well as the Olympic and Cascade Mountains, Mount Rainier, Mount Baker, Elliott Bay and surrounding islands can be viewed from the top of the Needle. Photographs of the Seattle skyline often show the Space Needle prominently, above skyscrapers and Mount Rainier.
Visitors can reach the top of the Space Needle by elevators that travel at 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s). The trip takes 41 seconds. On windy days, the elevators slow to 5 miles per hour (2.2 m/s). On April 19, 1999, the city's Landmarks Preservation Board designated it a historic landmark.[7][9]
In September 2017, the restaurant was temporarily closed as part of a $100 million renovation that is scheduled for completion in May 2018. The renovation includes the installation of a new rotation motor and see-through glass floors in the restaurant, as well as the replacement of the observation deck's wire enclosure with glass panels. The observation deck will remain open for the duration of the project.[10]
Contents
[hide]
1 Architecture
2 History
2.1 Construction
2.2 Carillon
2.3 After the Fair
3 Jumping incidents
4 In culture
5 Gallery
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
Architecture[edit]
CN Tower, Toronto
Willis Tower (Sears Tower), Chicago
Stratosphere, Las Vegas
Space Needle, Seattle
The top of the Space Needle
The architecture of the Space Needle is the result of a compromise between the designs of two men, Edward E. Carlson and John Graham, Jr. The two leading ideas for the World Fair involved businessman Edward E. Carlson's sketch of a giant balloon tethered to the ground (see the gently sloping base) and architect John Graham's concept of a flying saucer (see the halo that houses the restaurant and observation deck).[7] Victor Steinbrueck introduced the hourglass profile of the tower.[11] The Space Needle was built to withstand wind speeds of 200 mph (322 km/h), double the requirements in the building code of 1962. The 6.8 Mw Nisqually earthquake jolted the Needle enough in 2001 for water to slosh out of the toilets in the restrooms. The Space Needle will not sustain serious structural damage during earthquakes of magnitudes below 9. Also made to withstand Category 5 hurricane-force winds, the Space Needle sways only 1 inch per 10 mph (16 mm per 10 km/h) of wind speed.
For decades, the hovering disk of the Space Needle was home to two restaurants 500 ft (150 m) above the ground: the Space Needle Restaurant, which was originally named Eye of the Needle, and Emerald Suite. These were closed in 2000 to make way for SkyCity, a larger restaurant that features Pacific Northwest cuisine. It rotates 360 degrees in exactly forty-seven minutes.[12] In 1993, the elevators were replaced with new computerized versions. The new elevators descend at a rate of 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s).
On December 31, 1999, a powerful beam of light was unveiled for the first time. Called the Legacy Light or Skybeam, it is powered by lamps that total 85 million candela shining skyward from the top of the Space Needle to honor national holidays and special occasions in Seattle. The concept of this beam was derived from the official 1962 World's Fair poster, which depicted such a light source although none was incorporated into the original design. It is somewhat controversial because of the light pollution it creates.[13] Originally planned to be turned on 75 nights per year, it has generally been used fewer than a dozen times per year. It did remain lit for eleven days in a row from September 11, 2001, to September 22, 2001, in response to the September 11, 2001 attacks.[14]
A 1962 Seattle World's Fair poster[15] showed a grand spiral entryway leading to the elevator that was ultimately omitted from final building plans.[16] The stairway was eventually added as part of the Pavilion and Spacebase remodel in June 2000. The main stairwell has 848 steps from the basement to the top of the observation deck.[7] At approximately 605 ft (184 m), the Space Needle was the tallest building west of the Mississippi River at the time it was built by Howard S. Wright Construction Co., but is now dwarfed by other structures along the Seattle skyline, among them the Columbia Center, at 967 ft (295 m).[17] Unlike many other similar structures, such as the CN Tower in Toronto, the Space Needle is not used for broadcasting purposes.
History[edit]
Construction[edit]
Edward F. Carlson, chairman of the 1962 World's Fair in Seattle, originally had an idea for erecting a tower with a restaurant at the World's Fair. Carlson was then president of a hotel company and not previously known for art or design, but he was inspired by a recent visit to the Stuttgart Tower of Germany. John Graham, an architect who had won praise for designing the Northgate Mall in Seattle, soon became involved. Graham's first move was to alter the restaurant featured in the plans to a revolving restaurant, in the same manner as on a tower (La Ronde) he had previously designed for the Ala Moana Shopping Center.
The proposed Space Needle had no land where they could build. Since it was not financed by the city, land had to be purchased that was within the fairgrounds. The investors thought that there would be no land available to build a tower and the search for a site was nearly dead when, in 1961, they discovered a plot, 120 by 120 ft (37 by 37 m), containing switching equipment for the fire and police alarm systems. The land sold for $75,000. At this point, only one year remained before the World's Fair would begin. It was privately built and financed by the Pentagram Corporation, which consisted of Bagley Wright, contractor Howard S. Wright, architect John Graham, Ned Skinner, and Norton Clapp. In 1977 Bagley, Skinner and Clapp sold their interest to Howard Wright who now controls it under the name of Space Needle Corporation.[18]
The earthquake stability of the Space Needle was ensured when a hole was dug 30 ft (9.1 m) deep and 120 ft (37 m) across, and 467 concrete trucks took one full day to fill it. The foundation weighs 5850 tons (including 250 tons of reinforcing steel), the same as the above-ground structure. The structure is bolted to the foundation with 72 bolts, each one 30 ft (9.1 m) long.
With time an issue, the construction team worked around the clock. The domed top, housing the top five levels (including the restaurants and observation deck), was perfectly balanced so that the restaurant could rotate with the help of one tiny electric motor, originally 0.8 kilowatts (1.1 hp), later replaced with a 1.1 kilowatts (1.5 hp) motor. With paint colors named Orbital Olive for the body, Astronaut White for the legs, Re-entry Red for the saucer, and Galaxy Gold for the roof, the Space Needle was finished in less than one year. It was completed in April 1962 at a cost of $4.5 million. The last elevator car was installed the day before the Fair opened on April 21. During the course of the Fair nearly 20,000 people a day rode the elevators to the Observation Deck. The 20,000 mark was never reached, missed by fewer than 50 people one day. At the time of construction, it was the tallest building in the West, taking the title from the Smith Tower across town that had held that title since 1914.
The revolving restaurant was operated by Western International Hotels, of which Carlson was President,[19] under a 20-year contract from April 1, 1962 to April 1, 1982.[20]
Carillon[edit]
An imitation carillon[21] (a multi-bell musical device) was installed in the Space Needle, and played several times a day during the World's Fair. The instrument, built by the Schulmerich Bells Company of Hatfield, Pennsylvania[22] under the name "Carillon Americana," recreated the sounds of 538 bells and was the largest in the world, until eclipsed by a 732 bell instrument at the 1964 New York World's Fair. The operator's console was located in the base of the Space Needle, completely enclosed in glass to allow observation of the musician playing the instrument. It was also capable of being played from a roll, just as a player piano would be. The forty-four stentors (speakers) of the carillon were located underneath the Needle's disc at the 200 foot level, and were audible over the entire fairgrounds and up to ten miles away.[23] The carillon was disassembled after the fair's close.
The carillon bells were featured on an LP record called "Bells On Hi-Fi" (catalog number AR-8, produced by Americana Records, of Sellersville, Pennsylvania). There are 12 pieces recorded on the "Carillon Americana" before it was installed in the Space Needle, performed by noted carilloneur John Klein (1915-1981).[24][25]
After the Fair[edit]
The Space Needle, seen here in May 2012, was painted Galaxy Gold for its 50th anniversary celebration.
In 1974, author Stephen Cosgrove's children's book Wheedle on the Needle postulated a furry creature called a Wheedle who lived on top of the Space Needle and caused its light to flash. Its closing quatrain is: There's a Wheedle on the Needle / I know just what you're thinking / But if you look up late at night / You'll see his red nose blinking. The Wheedle has since become a fixture of Seattle. It even became the mascot of the Seattle SuperSonics National Basketball Association (NBA) franchise, who played in nearby KeyArena (originally known as the Seattle Center Coliseum). The SuperSonics moved to Oklahoma City on July 3, 2008.
In 1982, the SkyLine level was added at a height of 100 ft (30 m). While this level had been depicted in the original plans for the Space Needle, it was not built until this time. Today, the SkyLine Banquet Facility can accommodate groups of 20–360 people.
Renovations were completed in 2000 that cost approximately the same as the original construction price ($21 million in current currency). Renovations between 1999 and 2000 included the SkyCity restaurant, SpaceBase retail store, Skybeam installation, Observation Deck overhaul, lighting additions and repainting.
Every year on New Year's Eve, the Space Needle celebrates with a fireworks show at midnight that is synchronized to music. The worldwide renowned fireworks artist from Bellevue, Alberto Navarro has been designing the show for the past 20 year since its inception in 1994. In 2000, public celebrations were canceled but the fireworks show was still performed because of perceived terror threats against the structure after investigations into the foiled millennium bombing plots.
On May 19, 2007, the Space Needle welcomed its 45 millionth visitor, Greg Novoa of San Francisco. He received a free trip for two to Paris, which included a VIP dinner at the Eiffel Tower.[26]
Scaffold surrounding top section during 2017 renovation
In May 2008, the Space Needle received its first professional cleaning since the opening of the 1962 World's Fair. The monument was pressure washed by Kärcher[27] with water at a pressure of 20,000 kilopascals (2,900 psi) and a temperature of 90 °C (194 °F). No detergents were used in consideration of the Seattle Center and the EMP building.[28]
As part of the celebration of its 50th anniversary, the Needle was painted "Galaxy Gold" in April 2012, the same color used when the needle was originally constructed for the 1962 World's Fair.[29] This temporary makeover, intended to last through the summer, is not the Needle's first: it had the University of Washington (UW) Huskies football team logo painted on after the team won the 1992 Rose Bowl, appeared as a giant "Wheel of Fortune" in 1995, was painted crimson after Washington State won the Apple Cup,[30] and has been seen in Seattle SuperSonics colors.[7]
A worker standing near the scaffold's crane
A renovation of the top of the Space Needle was begun in the summer of 2017, to add an all-glass floor to the restaurant, and replace the observation platform windows with unbroken floor-to-ceiling glass panels unobstructed by mullions to more closely match the 1962 original concept sketches, as well as various upgrades and updates to the internal systems. Called the Century Project, the work is scheduled to finish by June 2018, at a cost of $100 million in private funds. The rotating restaurant's motor will be replaced, and the elevator capacity will be increased by adding elevators, or double-stacking them, and the energy efficiency of the building will be improved with the aim of achieving LEED Silver Certification. The temporary scaffold's 28,000-pound (13,000 kg), 44,650-square-foot (4,148 m2) platform under the top structure was assembled on the ground, and then lifted by cables 500 ft (150 m) from the ground to the underside of the structure, controlled by 12 operators standing on the platform as it was raised. The platform is the largest in circumference ever made by Safway Services, a company specializing in unique construction scaffolding.[31][32][33][34]
Jumping incidents[edit]
Six parachutists have leaped from the tower since its opening, in a sport known as BASE jumping. This activity is only legal with prior consent. Four of them were part of an authorized promotion in 1996,[35] and the other two were arrested.[36]
Paul D. Baker was the first person to jump from the Space Needle in a successful suicide attempt on March 4, 1974.[37]
Mary Lucille Wolf purchased a ticket for the elevator to the observation deck on May 25, 1974 where she proceeded to scale the glass fence surrounding the deck onto the edge and jumped off in what the Seattle Police Department called "an obvious suicide".[37] Police found a correspondence in Wolf's purse that was from a friend extending their condolences regarding the recent death of Wolf's husband.[37]
Following the two suicides in 1974 a netting and additional fencing were installed on the observation deck.[38] However, another suicide occurred on July 5, 1978 when an unidentified "young woman" as described in a United Press International report climbed over the suicide-prevention netting and leaped to her death on the northeast side of the structure.[39]
In culture[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Being a major symbol of the Pacific Northwest, the Space Needle has made numerous appearances in films, TV shows and other works of fiction. A few examples of films include It Happened at the World's Fair (1962), where it was used as a filming location, and Sleepless in Seattle (1993). In the 1974 film The Parallax View, the inside and outside platforms of the observation deck are the setting for a political assassination, and there's a brief chase on the roof above it. In the 1999 film Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me, it served as a base of operations for the villain Doctor Evil with the word Starbucks written across its saucer after his henchman Number 2 shifted the organization's resources toward the coffee company.[40][41][42] It is also featured prominently in Chronicle (2012), and is a key element in the film's climax. On April 1, 2015, public radio station KPLU 88.5 FM reported in the news story "Proposed Development To 'Assimilate' Seattle's Landmark Space Needle?" that a permit application (Notice of Proposed Land Use Action) had been submitted "to construct a 666 unit cube to assimilate" the landmark. The story is an April Fools' Day practical joke.[43]
In TV shows, one of the most prominent showings is in the series Frasier where an outline of it appears in the opening credits and the base of it is visible from the high-rise condo although the view is really a composite image as there are no high rise condos in the right area of that height.[44]
Other TV appearances include The History Channel's Life After People, in which it collapses after 200 years because of corrosion. It was also destroyed in the TV miniseries 10.5 when a 7.9 earthquake hits Seattle. The movie mistakenly portrays the Needle as crumbling concrete, though the structure is actually made of iron and designed to withstand up to a 9.0 earthquake. The needle is also featured in some episodes of Bill Nye the Science Guy, such as the episode "Storms" where Bill Nye uses the lightning rod on top of it as an example of conducting lightning strikes. Max Guevara, the main character from the series Dark Angel which is set in a post-apocalyptic Seattle, is often seen on the roof of the derelict Space Needle.[45]
The Space Needle has been used for some other purposes as well, including a 57 piece Lego construction set of it that has been released as part of Lego Architecture's structures.[46][47]
Gallery[edit]
The top of the Space Needle decorated for Memorial Day
Night view
The Space Needle in the 1960s
A 1962 commemorative postage stamp of the Space Needle
View of the Space Needle from base
View from the base of the Needle
The Space Needle, framed on a foggy night by the ferris wheel
The gift shop in the Space Needle
The Space Needle at night as seen from Kerry Park
Supporting nut and bolt at base of the Space Needle
The Space Needle seen at sunset
The Space Needle in the foreground of an aerial photo of Seattle; the Museum of Pop Culture adjacent to the Space Needle, on the left
The Seattle Center International Fountain with the Space Needle in the background
Downtown Seattle seen from atop the Space Needle
See also[edit]
Seattle portal
Fernsehturm Berlin
Googie architecture
Henninger Turm
New York State Pavilion
Oriental Pearl Tower
Reunion Tower
Skylon Tower
Stratosphere Las Vegas
Sydney Tower
Tokyo Skytree
Tower of the Americas
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Landmarks and Designation". City of Seattle. Retrieved 2013-03-05.
Jump up ^ "Space Needle". CTBUH Skyscraper Database.
Jump up ^ Space Needle at Emporis
Jump up ^ Space Needle at Glass Steel and Stone
Jump up ^ "Space Needle". SkyscraperPage.
Jump up ^ Space Needle at Structurae
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Space Needle Fun Facts". Space Needle Official Site. August 19, 2015. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Space Needle".
Jump up ^ "Seattle holds groundbreaking ceremony for the Space Needle on April 17, 1961". HistoryLink.org. Retrieved 2007-01-12.
Jump up ^ "Photos: Revamping Space Needle is like 'building a ship inside a glass bottle'". The Seattle Times. 2017-11-07. Retrieved 2017-11-12.
Jump up ^ Speidel, Bill. Through the Eye of the Needle. Seattle: Nettle Creek. pp. 6–7. ISBN 0914890042. The final design... was either John Graham's... or Victor Steinbrueck's, who took the trouble of calling me from his deathbed to make sure I didn't credit Graham.
Jump up ^ "Needle in the sky". Via Magazine. January 2006.
Jump up ^ "Big beam for Space Needle is protested". Seattle Times. 30 November 1999.
Jump up ^ Jacobs, Jeff (June 3, 2013). "Seattle Space Needle". Emerald City Journal. Retrieved 2013-12-20.
Jump up ^ ""Seattle World's Fair" poster".
Jump up ^ Northwest, Durango (16 July 2010). "Durango Washington: Seattle Space Needle".
Jump up ^ Emporis GmbH. "Columbia Center".
Jump up ^ http://www.spaceneedle.com/discover/funfacts.html
Jump up ^ "About the Needle - Space Needle".
Jump up ^ http://www.wsulibs.wsu.edu%2Fmasc%2Fwestin%2FCombinedmodDate.xls
Jump up ^ http://schulmerichbells.com/g5-carillon/
Jump up ^ "Schulmerich Bells".
Jump up ^ "Space Needle History: Sounds of the Needle".
Jump up ^ "Century 21 Exposition (1962): Theme Songs and Souvenir Records - HistoryLink.org".
Jump up ^ rixarcade (15 August 2013). "The Space Needle Carillon - Malaguena" – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ P-I Staff and News Services (May 19, 2007). "Californian is Needle's 45 millionth visitor". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved May 30, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Cleaning Equipment for Home & Industrial Applications from Karcher - Karcher".
Jump up ^ "Spit and polish for a Seattle icon". KOMO News. May 15, 2008. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ Trujillo, Joshua (April 17, 2012). "Space Needle returns to its original color". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Space Needle painted crimson and gray". Washington State University. November 15, 2005. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ Greenstone, Scott (June 12, 2017), "Space Needle to get its biggest renovation ever: glass floor, opened views, more elevators", The Seattle Times
Jump up ^ Young, Bob (September 16, 2017), "Circular scaffolding goes up on Space Needle in preparation for makeover", The Seattle Times
Jump up ^ Mandapat, Dave (September 19, 2017), Space Needle To Launch Historic Renovation Project [press release], Space Needle, LLC
Jump up ^ Schlosser, Kurt (September 19, 2017), "Drone video shows 28,000-pound scaffold being lifted 400 feet for Space Needle renovation", Geekwire
Jump up ^ "CNN - Parachutist's jump from Space Needle goes awry - Nov. 21, 1996".
Jump up ^ "Fun Facts - Space Needle".
^ Jump up to: a b c "Woman falls to death from Space Needle". The Sunday Oregonian. Portland, Oregon. Associated Press. May 26, 1974. p. 49.
Jump up ^ "Seattle Space Needle was site of premature birth". The Oregonian. Portland, Oregon. Associated Press. June 12, 1974. p. 92.
Jump up ^ "Young Woman Third to Leap From Needle". Nashua Telegraph. Nashua, New Hampshire. United Press International. July 6, 1978. p. 2. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ Jeremy Packer (2009). Secret Agents: Popular Icons Beyond James Bond. Peter Lang. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-8204-8669-7.
Jump up ^ Steve Zimmerman (21 November 2012). Food in the Movies, 2d ed. McFarland. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-7864-5569-0.
Jump up ^ Kim Fellner (19 June 2008). Wrestling with Starbucks: Conscience, Capital, Cappuccino. Rutgers University Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-8135-4506-6.
Jump up ^ "KPLU.org".
Jump up ^ McFadden, Kay (2004-05-13). "Condo by condo, Seattle has become a lot like 'Frasier'". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 2010-01-23.
Jump up ^ Fuchs, Cynthia. "Dark Angel". PopMatters. Retrieved June 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Lego Architecture: Seattle Space Needle". Lego Architecture.
Jump up ^ Hohenadel, Kristin (December 31, 2013). "A New Eiffel Tower Building Set for Paris-Loving Lego Fanatics". Slate. Retrieved October 22, 2017.

Further reading[edit]
Lost and Found Films: Building the Space Needle, 1961
Knute Berger (2012). Space Needle: The Spirit of Seattle. Documentary Media. ISBN 978-1933245263.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Space Needle.
Official website
Century 21 Exposition design plans for the 1962 Seattle World's Fair — Architecture of the Pacific Northwest Database from the University of Washington
Entry at site of Howard S. Wright Construction Co.
Video of scaffold platform lifted 500 feet at night: Space Needle Construction Kicks-off with Hoist of 28,000 Pound Scaffold Platform [press release], Space Needle Corporation, September 19, 2017
[show]
v
t
e
Seattle skyscrapers and towers
Current
Columbia Center
1201 Third Avenue
Two Union Square
Seattle Municipal Tower
Safeco Plaza
Space Needle
Russell Investments Center
U.S. Bank Centre
Wells Fargo Center
800 Fifth Avenue
901 Fifth Avenue
Madison Centre
Doppler
Day 1
Rainier Tower
Fourth and Madison Building
1918 Eighth Avenue
1600 Seventh Avenue
1000 Second Avenue
Henry M. Jackson Federal Building
Smith Tower
One Union Square
Olive 8
1111 Third Avenue
Westin Seattle North Tower
Fifteen Twenty-One Second Avenue
Premiere on Pine
Cirrus
Insignia Towers
Kinects
Helios
Westin Building
Aspira
United States Courthouse
Seattle Tower
UW Tower
Exchange Building
Under construction
Rainier Square Tower
F5 Tower
Amazon Tower III
2&U
Hyatt Regency Seattle
McKenzie Apartments
AMLI Arc
Arrivé
Stratus
2nd and Pike
Nexus
970 Denny Way
1120 Denny Way
Proposed
4/C
3rd & Cherry
AVA
Never built
888 Tower
Seventh at Westlake Tower
1015 Second Avenue
Demolished
McGuire Apartments
See also: Tallest buildings in Seattle
[show]
v
t
e
Timeline of the tallest buildings in Seattle and Washington
Pioneer Building (28 m) (1892)
Alaska Building (51 m) (1904)
Hoge Building (60 m) (1911)
Key Bank Center* (71 m) (1911)
Smith Tower (141 m) (1914)
Space Needle (184 m) (1962)
Safeco Plaza (192 m) (1969)
Columbia Center (285 m) (1985)
Key Bank Center is located in Tacoma and was only the tallest in Washington when completed.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Space_Needle&oldid=815316965"
Categories:
Towers completed in 1961
Googie architecture
Buildings and structures in Seattle
Towers with revolving restaurants
Landmarks in Seattle
Seattle Center
Observation towers in the United States
Towers in Washington (state)
Tourist attractions in Seattle
World's fair architecture in Seattle
Century 21 Exposition
1961 establishments in Washington (state)
Hidden categories:
Skyscraper Center ID same as Wikidata
Structurae ID different from Wikidata
Coordinates on Wikidata
Articles which use infobox templates with no data rows
M w
Articles needing additional references from March 2016
All articles needing additional references
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
Català
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Galego
한국어
Հայերեն
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
ქართული
Қазақша
Kernowek
Lietuvių
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Simple English
Slovenčina
Suomi
Svenska
Türkçe
Tiếng Việt
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 14 December 2017, at 03:51.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values:
/wiki/Space_Needle_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Space Needle (disambiguation)

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

attrs: colspan class style

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location

values: border:4px solid #D8DBDF; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;

values:
/wiki/Cascade_Mountains
mw-redirect
Cascade Mountains

values:
/wiki/Las_Vegas,_Nevada
mw-redirect
Las Vegas, Nevada

values:
/wiki/John_Graham,_Jr._(architect)
mw-redirect
John Graham, Jr. (architect)

values:
/wiki/September_11,_2001_attacks
mw-redirect
September 11, 2001 attacks

values:
/wiki/Howard_S._Wright
mw-redirect
Howard S. Wright

values:
/wiki/World%27s_Fair
mw-redirect
World's Fair

values:
/wiki/Ned_Skinner
mw-redirect
Ned Skinner

values: Seattle SuperSonics relocation to Oklahoma City

values:
/wiki/EMP_building
mw-redirect
EMP building

values: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

values:
/wiki/Doctor_Evil
mw-redirect
Doctor Evil

values:
/wiki/History_(U.S._TV_channel)
mw-redirect
History (U.S. TV channel)

values:
/wiki/10.5_(TV_miniseries)
mw-redirect
10.5 (TV miniseries)

values:
gallerytextwrapper gallerytext
width: 116px;

values:
gallerytextwrapper gallerytext
width: 84px;

values:
gallerytextwrapper gallerytext
width: 132px;

values:
gallerytextwrapper gallerytext
width: 101px;

values:
gallerytextwrapper gallerytext
width: 123px;

values:
gallerytextwrapper gallerytext
width: 133px;

values:
gallerytextwrapper gallerytext
width: 107px;

values:
gallerytextwrapper gallerytext
width: 185.861581920904px;

values:
gallerytextwrapper gallerytext
width: 211.594279661017px;

values:
gallerytextwrapper gallerytext
width: 212.623587570621px;

values:
gallerytextwrapper gallerytext
width: 278.499293785311px;

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values: Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat

values:
nofollow
http://www.spaceneedle.com/fun-facts/
external text

values:
/wiki/Seattle_Times
mw-redirect
Seattle Times

values:
nofollow
http://www.spaceneedle.com/history/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.schulmerichbells.com

values:
nofollow
http://seewhatsup.space/overview/
external text

values:
/wiki/The_Sunday_Oregonian
mw-redirect
The Sunday Oregonian

values:
/wiki/Nashua_Telegraph
mw-redirect
Nashua Telegraph

values:
nofollow
http://www.spaceneedle.com/
external text

values: United States Courthouse (Seattle, Washington)

values:
/wiki/Amazon_Tower_III
mw-redirect
Amazon Tower III

values:
/wiki/1015_Second_Avenue
mw-redirect
1015 Second Avenue

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Template:Buildings in Seattle and Washington timeline

values: Template talk:Buildings in Seattle and Washington timeline

values: Category:Buildings and structures in Seattle

values: Category:Towers with revolving restaurants

values: Category:Observation towers in the United States

values: Category:World's fair architecture in Seattle

values: Category:1961 establishments in Washington (state)

values: Category:Skyscraper Center ID same as Wikidata

values: Category:Structurae ID different from Wikidata

values: Category:Articles which use infobox templates with no data rows

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from March 2016

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Space_Needle
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: الإبرة الفضائية – Arabic

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values: برج سوزن فضایی – Persian

values: 스페이스 니들 – Korean

values: Սփեյս Նիդլ – Armenian

values: מחט החלל – Hebrew

values: სპეის ნიდლი – Georgian

values: Спейс Нидл – Kazakh

values: スペースニードル – Japanese

values: Спейс-Нидл – Russian

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Space_Needle rootpage-Space_Needle skin-vector action-view


text:
Public sector
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Economic sectors
Three-sector theory
Primary sector: raw materials
Secondary sector: manufacturing
Tertiary sector: services
Additional sectors
Quaternary sector: information services
Quinary sector: human services
Theorists
AGB Fisher · Colin Clark · Jean Fourastié
Sectors by ownership
Business sector · Private sector · Public sector · Voluntary sector
v
t
e
The public sector (also called the state sector) is the part of the economy composed of public services and public enterprises. Public services include public goods and governmental services such as the military, police, infrastructure (public roads, bridges, tunnels, water supply, sewers, electrical grids, telecommunications, etc.), public transit, public education, along with health care and those working for the government itself, such as elected officials. The public sector might provide services that a non-payer cannot be excluded from (such as street lighting), services which benefit all of society rather than just the individual who uses the service.[1] Public enterprises or state-owned enterprises are self-financing commercial enterprises that provide various private goods and services for sale.
Organizations that are not part of the public sector are either a part of the private sector or voluntary sector. The private sector is composed of the business sector, which is intended to earn a profit for the owners of the enterprise. The voluntary, civic or social sector concerns a diverse array of non-profit organizations emphasizing civil society.
Contents
[hide]
1 Organization
2 See also
3 References
3.1 Citations
3.2 Sources
Organization[edit]
The organization of the public sector (public ownership) can take several forms, including:
Direct administration funded through taxation; the delivering organization generally has no specific requirement to meet commercial success criteria, and production decisions are determined by government.
Publicly owned corporations (in some contexts, especially manufacturing, "state-owned enterprises"); which differ from direct administration in that they have greater commercial freedoms and are expected to operate according to commercial criteria, and production decisions are not generally taken by government (although goals may be set for them by government).
Levels of Public sector are organized at three levels: Federal or National, Regional (State or Provincial), and Local (Municipal or County).
Partial outsourcing (of the scale many businesses do, e.g. for IT services) is considered a public sector model.
A borderline form is as follows:
Complete outsourcing or contracting out, with a privately owned corporation delivering the entire service on behalf of government. This may be considered a mixture of private sector operations with public ownership of assets, although in some forms the private sector's control and/or risk is so great that the service may no longer be considered part of the public sector (Barlow et al., 2010). (See the United Kingdom's Private Finance Initiative.)
Public employee unions represent workers. [2]Since contract negotiations for these workers are dependent on the size of government budgets, this is the one segment of the labor movement that can actually contribute directly to the people with ultimate responsibility for its livelihood. While their giving pattern matches that of other unions, public sector unions also concentrate contributions on members of Congress from both parties who sit on committees that deal with federal budgets and agencies.
See also[edit]
Economics portal
Civil service
Government agency
Nationalization
Political economy
Privatization
Public economics
Public ownership
Public sector business cases for projects
Special-purpose district
State-owned enterprise
References[edit]
Citations[edit]
Jump up ^ "public sector". Investorwords, WebFinance, Inc. 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Center for Responsive Politics." OpenSecrets.org. Center for Responsive Politics, 16 May 2017. Web. 11 June 2017.
Sources[edit]
Barlow, J. Roehrich, J.K. and Wright, S. (2010). De facto privatisation or a renewed role for the EU? Paying for Europe’s healthcare infrastructure in a recession. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 103:51-55.
Lloyd G. Nigro, Decision Making in the Public Sector (1984), Marcel Dekker Inc.
David G. Carnevale, Organizational Development in the Public Sector (2002), Westview Pr.
Jan-Erik Lane, The Public Sector: Concepts, Models and Approaches (1995), Sage Pubns.
A Primer on Public-Private Partnerships http://blog-pfm.imf.org/pfmblog/2008/02/a-primer-on-pub.html#more
What is the Public Sector? Definition & Examples. (2016, June & july). Retrieved June 10, 2017, from http://www.privacysense.net/terms/public-sector/
[hide]
v
t
e
Civil service
Concepts
Public sector
Government agency
Bureaucracy
Bureaucrat
Technocracy
Diplomat
Public administration
Public policy
Public service
By country
Australia
Bangladesh
Brazil
Canada
China
European Union
France
Germany
Hong Kong
India
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Nigeria
Northern Ireland
Pakistan
Russia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
United Kingdom
United States
Categories
National civil service commissions
Government occupations
Civil service by country
See also: Civil service reform in developing countries
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public_sector&oldid=826709342"
Categories:
Public sector
Government
Public economics
Economic sectors
Libertarian theory
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
Беларуская
Български
Català
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Euskara
فارسی
Français
हिन्दी
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
Livvinkarjala
مصرى
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Polski
Português
Русский
Simple English
Slovenščina
Српски / srpski
Suomi
Svenska
Tagalog
Türkçe
Українська
Edit links
This page was last edited on 20 February 2018, at 16:27.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href title

value: th

values: padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em;padding-top:0.5em; background:lightskyblue; font-size:125%;

value: tr

value: td

values: padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;

values: float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%

values:
/wiki/Public_enterprise
mw-redirect
Public enterprise

values:
/wiki/Public_road
mw-redirect
Public road

values:
/wiki/Public_transit
mw-redirect
Public transit

values:
/wiki/Public_education
mw-redirect
Public education

values:
/wiki/Public_ownership
mw-redirect
Public ownership

values:
/wiki/State-owned_enterprises
mw-redirect
State-owned enterprises

values:
/wiki/Private_Finance_Initiative
mw-redirect
Private Finance Initiative

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values:
/wiki/Special-purpose_district
mw-redirect
Special-purpose district

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.govtjobalert.com

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: Civil Service of the People's Republic of China

values: Civil Service of the Republic of Ireland

values: Public sector organisations in New Zealand

values: Category:National civil service commissions

values: nowraplinks collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner

values:
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
interface

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Public_sector
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: قطاع عام – Arabic

values: Публічны сектар – Belarusian

values: Публичен сектор – Bulgarian

values: Δημόσιος τομέας – Greek

values: بخش دولتی – Persian

values: सार्वजनिक प्रतिष्ठान – Hindi

values: המגזר הציבורי – Hebrew

values: Государственный сектор экономики – Russian

values: Јавни сектор – Serbian

values: Державний сектор – Ukrainian

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Public_sector rootpage-Public_sector skin-vector action-view


text:
Sacred Games (TV series)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Sacred Games
Genre
Crime
Thriller
Based on
Sacred Games
by Vikram Chandra
Written by
Varun Grover
Smita Singh
Vasant Nath
Directed by
Anurag Kashyap
Vikramaditya Motwane
Starring
Saif Ali Khan
Nawazuddin Siddiqui
Radhika Apte
Theme music composer
Alokananda Dasgupta
Composer(s)
Background Score:
Alokananda Dasgupta
Songs:
Phenom
Divine
Country of origin
India
Original language(s)
Hindi
No. of seasons
1
No. of episodes
8 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Kelly Luegenbiehl
Erik Barmack
Vikramaditya Motwane
Production location(s)
India
Cinematography
Swapnil Sonawane
Sylvester Fonseca
Aseem Bajaj
Editor(s)
Aarti Bajaj
Production company(s)
Phantom Films
Distributor
Netflix
Release
Original network
Netflix
Original release
6 July 2018 (2018-07-06)
External links
Website
Sacred Games is an Indian web television series based on Vikram Chandra's 2006 thriller novel of the same name, it is also the first Netflix original from India. The series is directed by Vikramaditya Motwane and Anurag Kashyap, who produced it under their banner Phantom Films. The novel was adapted by Varun Grover, Smita Singh and Vasant Nath. Kelly Luegenbiehl, Erik Barmack and Motwane served as the executive producers.
Sartaj Singh (Saif Ali Khan) is a troubled police officer in Mumbai who receives a phone call from gangster Ganesh Gaitonde (Nawazuddin Siddiqui), who tells him to save the city within 25 days. The series chronicles the events that follow. The cast of the series also includes Radhika Apte, Girish Kulkarni, Neeraj Kabi, Jeetendra Joshi, Rajshri Deshpande, Jatin Sarna, Elnaaz Norouzi and Kubra Sait in different roles.
The development of Sacred Games started after Erik Barmack, the Vice-president of Netflix contacted Motwane to create Indian content for the platform in 2014. They opted to adapt Chandra's novel in the local Indian language, to which Motwane agreed. After the script was completed, Motwane asked Kashyap to co-direct; Motwane directed the sequences involving Singh while Kashyap directed Gaitonde's. Swapnil Sonawane was the director of photography for Motwane; Sylvester Fonseca and Aseem Bajaj filmed the scenes directed by Kashyap. Aarti Bajaj was the editor and Alokananda Dasgupta composed the background score.
The first four episodes of Sacred Games premiered on 29 June 2018, with the full season of eight episodes released on Netflix on 6 July across 191 countries; it had subtitles in more than 20 languages. It received mostly positive reviews from critics, with particular praise for the performances and writing.
Contents
1 Premise
2 Cast
2.1 Main
2.2 Recurring
3 Episodes
4 Production
4.1 Development
4.2 Casting and characters
4.3 Filming
5 Release
6 Soundtrack
7 Reception
8 References
9 External links
Premise[edit]
Sartaj Singh is a troubled police inspector in Mumbai police, living on sleeping pills and seeking validation from a police force he nevertheless loathes for its corruption. He receives an anonymous phone call from Ganesh Gaitonde, a notorious crime lord who has been missing for 16 years. He tells Singh to save the city in 25 days, which initiates a chain of events that burrows deep into India's dark underworld. In the journey, Singh is helped by a Research and Analysis Wing officer, Anjali Mathur.[1]
Cast[edit]
Main[edit]
Saif Ali Khan as Inspector Sartaj Singh
Nawazuddin Siddiqui as Ganesh Gaitonde
Radhika Apte as Anjali Mathur
Recurring[edit]
Neeraj Kabi as DCP Parulkar
Jatin Sarna as Deepak "Bunty" Shinde
Kubra Sait as Kuku
Jitendra Joshi as Constable Katekar
Rajshri Deshpande as Subhadra
Luke Kenny as Malcolm Mourad
Elnaaz Norouzi as Zoya Mirza/Jamila
Pankaj Tripathi as Khanna Guru Ji
Aamir Bashir as Inspector Majid Ali Khan
Geetanjali Thapa as Nayanika Sehgal
Shalini Vatsa as Kanta Bai
Surveen Chawla as Jojo Mascarenas
Girish Kulkarni as Bipin Bhosale
Anupriya Goenka as Megha Singh
Danish Pandor as Bada Badariya
Anil Charanjeet as Chota Badariya
Vikram Kochar as Mathu
Samir Kochhar as SPI Markand
Chittaranjan Tripathy as Trivedi
Rajendra Shisatkar as ASI Dhobale
Sukhmani Sadana as Mikki
Muni Jha as Paritosh Shah
Karan Wahi as Karan Malhotra
Nawab Shah as Salim Kaka
Jaipreet Singh as Constable Dilbagh Singh
Raj Kashyap as Junaid Sheikh
Affan Khan as Young Sartaj Singh
Sunny Pawar as Young Ganesh Gaitonde
Saurabh Sachdeva as Suleiman Isa
Sandesh Kulkarni as Gaitonde's Father
Vibhavari Deshpande as Gaitonde's Mother
Neha Shitole as Constable Katekar's wife
Episodes[edit]
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by [2]
Original air date [3]
1
"Ashwathama" Vikramaditya Motwane & Anurag Kashyap Varun Grover 6 July 2018 (2018-07-06)
The episode is named after the Hindu legend Ashwathama, who was cursed to suffer human life till eternity, in a way making him invincible.
Old time gangster Ganesh Gaitonde (Nawazuddin Siddiqui) kills an unnamed woman who taunts him about the secret she kept for 20 years. A gunman enters a restaurant, killing almost everyone. Sartaj Singh (Saif Ali Khan), an honest policeman, faces departmental enquiry related to a teenager wrongly shot dead in an encounter by his senior, Parulkar. In the same evening, he gets a call from Ganesh Gaitonde, who starts narrating his journey from being the son of a pious and simpleton Brahmin to becoming a feared gangster of Mumbai in the 80s. Unaware of his true identity, Sartaj ignores him until he drops the name of Sartaj's father, constable Dilbag Singh, in the conversation. RAW listens the whole conversation. Sartaj tracks Ganesh Gaitonde to a small but heavily secured warehouse in a mall, and forces his way through a bulldozer. He confronts Ganesh Gaitonde, who reveals that Mumbai would be destroyed in 25 days and only Trivedi would be saved, and fatally shoots himself.
2
"Halahala" Vikramaditya Motwane & Anurag Kashyap Smita Singh 6 July 2018 (2018-07-06)
The episode is named after 'Halahala', an extremely toxic poison that comes out as a by-product of an attempt by Devas and Asuras to extract Amrit, the nectar for eternal life.
The forensics team starts crime scene investigation; RAW agent Anjali Mathur visits the crime scene. Parulekar and RAW agents take the statement of Sartaj. Later, Parulekar suspends Sartaj for not co-operating in the inquiry of teenager's encounter. Anjali is impressed by Sartaj's analytical skills and asks him to find more about the lady found murdered at the crime scene. Meanwhile, Home Minister Bipin Bhosale is shaken by the news of Gaitonde's death and calls Parulekar for details, and commands him to disclose every minute details of the case as-it-happens. An actress named Zoya Mirza is also shaken by the news. Sartaj visits the crime scene and steals the car key earlier seen in the hand of dead lady. He locates the car and her home from the license plate. The name of the dead lady is Jojo Mascarenas, a casting agent who doubles up as pimp for struggling actresses. On inspecting her home, he locates a large stash of counterfeit currency and notifies Anjali. In parallel, the narration of Ganesh's life continues. Viewers are introduced to Bunty, a vicious small time criminal who displays deep communal hatred but is very loyal to Gaitonde and idolises him. The title 'Halahala' represent the poison of communal hatred. Bunty is always at loggerheads with Chota Badariya because he is a Muslim and is in a relationship with his sister.
3
"Atapi Vatapi" Vikramaditya Motwane & Anurag Kashyap Smita Singh 6 July 2018 (2018-07-06)
The episode is named after two demon brothers, Atapi and Vatapi, who trap and kill travelers in a unique way.
Jojo Mascarenas (Surveen Chawla), a famous casting agent's dead body found in the bunker leads Sartaj to one of Gaitonde's Partner, Bunty (Jatin Sarna). Tracking a mobile location, Anjali reaches the restaurant where mass shooting happened in Episode 1 and saves an aged Mathu, Gaitonde's ally from the 80s. An unnamed assassin successfully kills Mathu in the hospital with a poisonous injection. Meanwhile, Sartaj comes across a TV starlet, Nayanika. In recurring flashback, Gaitonde recalls stealing a lucky charm, Kuckoo (Kubra Sait) from his enemy Suleiman Isa, and his journey to becoming a feared gangster of Mumbai.
4
"Brahmahatya" Vikramaditya Motwane & Anurag Kashyap Vasant Nath 6 July 2018 (2018-07-06)
The episode is based on the concept of Brahmahatya (Brahmanahatya), which is the act of killing a Brahman or Brahma who resides in every one, implying the act of killing people, not just Hindus.
With the help of RAW, TV starlet Nayanika (Geetanjali Thapa) visits Bunty with a hidden camera to envoke his relationship with Gaitonde. She is caught, alerting Sartaj and Anjali. Sartaj is captured by Bunty and let off with a warning. In the mid-'80s, Gaitonde discovers a racket even more powerful than drugs and guns: Politics. He takes 50 lakh from upcoming politician Bipin Bhosale to influence the elections in Bhosale's favour. Meanwhile, his relationship with Kuckoo intensifies and he tries to convert his black money into white through various corporate plans.
5
"Sarama" Vikramaditya Motwane & Anurag Kashyap Vasant Nath 6 July 2018 (2018-07-06)
Disappointed by Anjali's view towards Nainika, Sartaj himself tries to save the TV starlet but dramatically ends interrupting the RAW's plans to catch Bunty. In 1992, as political unrest increases, Gaitonde and Isa's enimity drastically increases.
6
"Pretakalpa" Vikramaditya Motwane & Anurag Kashyap Smita Singh 6 July 2018 (2018-07-06)
When Sartaj's constable, Katekar (Jitendra Joshi), is pressured to investigate the case of a young man from a Muslim slum who was found missing for many days, finds a relation between the boy and a theft in nearby shop.
7
"Rudra" Vikramaditya Motwane & Anurag Kashyap Vasant Nath 6 July 2018 (2018-07-06)
Hoping to join the missing dots of their case, Sartaj and Anjali reunite to figure out how the enigmatic Trivedi, whom Gaitonde quoted to be the lone survivor after 25 days. In the process an Egypto-Indian kills Anjali in Trivedi's house.
8
"Yayati" Vikramaditya Motwane & Anurag Kashyap Varun Grover 6 July 2018 (2018-07-06)
To save Mumbai from the threat that Gaitonde stated, Sartaj falls behind to find out who Gaitonde's third father is and what's planned to happen on the 25th day. His Discovery led him to a large room full of dangerous weapons wrapped inside wooden boxes.
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
Erik Barmack, the vice president of Netflix, came across Vikram Chandra's 2006 crime novel, Sacred Games, while they were searching for content for Indian and the global audience. He called it "an interesting property" and decided to adapt it in Indian language.[4] They decided to approach Phantom Films while looking for director and producer for the series.[4] In 2014, writer-director Vikramaditya Motwane met the team of Netflix during his visit to Los Angeles.[5] Motwane had read Chandra's earlier novel Love and Longing in Bombay where the character of Sartaj Singh was introduced. After the meeting, he read Sacred Games and thought it was "great".[6] He said the best thing for him was that they wanted to make it in Hindi and not in English, as according to him "speaking in English can seem so fake at times."[4] He started working on the adaptation of the novel with writer Varun Grover and described the writing as the "biggest challenge".[5]
Motwane said that the digital series medium was "liberating" as he was able to tell stories that "don't have to be told in two-and-a-half hours with an interval and three songs inserted into it."[7] Initially, Motwane considered bringing different directors on board for each episode: "As we got closer to production, we realised that dates were clashing and that it was an overall nightmare [..]."[8] He suggested that Anurag Kashyap co-direct the series with him, as Motwane felt that the two "distinct voices" were essential for the "parallel tracks" of story. Kashyap said he "gobbled" on the opportunity as he was fascinated with the novel.[5] Kashyap had read the novel in 2006 when it came out. In 2014, he had been approached by AMC from Scott Free Productions to direct a series in English.[9] Kashyap had declined the offer, as he did not want to do "anything based in India in English".[10] Motwane and his writers gave the scripts to Chandra for feedback. "Chandra is so research-intensive that we didn't have to approach another researcher, we just had to ask him questions."[8] The series was written by Grover, Smita Singh, and Vasant Nath.[11] One of the writers, Smita Singh, said that in 2016, they were told by Phantom Films to adapt the novel and "it had to be a gripping, slow-burner".[12] The research was headed by Smita Nair and Mantra Watsa, who summarised every chapter and made the "complex plot easily accessible" to the writers.[12] The entire script was completed in a year.[12] Nath said that in the beginning of the writing process, they were "chucking away some important characters from the original, and bringing in new ones".[12] It is the first Indian original series for Netflix.[5]
The episode titles are inspired by Hindu mythology. The first episode titled "Aswatthama", was based on the namesake character from the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata. He was cursed with immortality by Krishna after the Kurukshetra war. In the series, Gaitonde calls himself immortal like Ashwatthama, but later commits suicide.[13] "Halahala", another episode, was named after a poison of the same name, which was retrieved from Samudra manthan.[13] Aatapi and Vatapi were two demons who used to trick travellers with hospitality and kill them.[13] Brahmahatya means killing of a Brahmin, which is a crime in Hinduism. In the episode, the Hindu Gaitonde agrees to try to to attract Muslim votes for Hindu politician Bhosale.[13] Sarama is referred to as a dog. Pretakalpa learns the rites of a Hindu to perform the cremations. In this episode, Katekar is killed and Sartaj cremates him.[13] Rudra is the angered version of Shiva. Gaitonde's wife Subhadra is killed in this episode; he takes revenge by murdering her killers.[13] Yayati was king cursed with premature old age.[13] The title sequence, logo, and title designs were designed by graphic designer Aniruddh Mehta and Mumbai-based motion lab Plexus, who drew inspiration from the hindu mythology for the designs. Mehta said that each emblem was a contemporary take on "stories from ancient Hindu scriptures, mandala's, mixing modern design elements with characters from the Indus Valley Civilization" that were derived from the episode titles.[14]
Several changes were made while the team adapted the novel as a series. The character of Kuckoo, a transgender woman, is mentioned in passing, as a dancer whom a police officer fell in love with. A constable narrates this to Sartaj, describing Kuckoo as "beautiful as a Kashmiri apple". In the series, Kuckoo is an extended character and is shown as the love interest of Gaitonde.[15] Similarly, the character of Malcolm Murad, who is mentioned once in the novel, has an extended role as an assassin.[15] Few other changes were made. In the novel, the riots were a part of the story, whereas in the series, they are narrated by Gaitonde in glimpses.[15]
Casting and characters[edit]
The series marked actor Saif Ali Khan's first venture into television
Several characters in the series speak different Indian languages like Hindi, Marathi, Punjabi and Gujarati. Kashyap mentioned that it gives a "real sense of what India is".[16] Saif Ali Khan called the series an experiment and said he agreed to do it because "people are willing to watch programmes from other countries with sub-titles because good stories transcend boundaries."[17] Khan found an "interesting arc" in the character of Sartaj Singh and called it "troubled and honest". He said that he read bits of the novel but later dropped after he found it was not helping him find what needed as an actor.[7] Radhika Apte played the role of Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) officer Anjali Mathur. Apte called her character a "completely no-nonsense, focused woman who's highly respected in her field and by her peers."[7] She mentioned that her character is not glamourised unlike the Hindi film's depict a RAW agent and did not read the novel.[7] Kashyap said that the novel is about "how Bombay became Mumbai" and the series gives "a sense of the city, where it came from and where it is today."[18]
Nawazuddin Siddiqui said that he treated the role of a gangster as a human being. He also felt that a series gives more time for the character to be explored, unlike a film; he said he agreed to do the series as he wanted to explore the format.[19] He called it the most complex character he has played so far.[7] Khan read the short story Kama, written by Chandra, to "delve into his character's angst."[16] The character of Sartaj Singh was changed from the novel who is described as a thin and tall police officer to a muscled heavyweight. Khan said that changes were made to make the character look "visually engaging" who is a "slightly more charged-up version of the passive officer in the books".[16] Kashyap called Gaitonde the "sum of all we like in movie characters."[20] Motwane said that Siddiqui was his first choice to portray Gaitonde because he "plays gangster so well" and "has that aura and almost everything that's required to play a gangster."[21] He expressed that casting popular actors like Khan and Siddiqui was a conscious decision as it also "drives a larger audience to watch. He said that it was easier to convince Apte and Neeraj Kabi for the roles after Khan and Siddiqui were cast.[8] Kabi was cast in the role of DCP Parulkar, for which he researched from the novel.[22] He also worked on his body language as it was mentioned in the novel for the character.[23] Jitendra Joshi played the role of constable Katekar, who is Sartaj's colleague. Joshi took inspiration from real life police officers for the character.[24]
Actress Kubbra Sait played the role of Kuckoo, a transgender woman. She was asked to audition by Kashyap at the screening of Mukkabaaz at MAMI Film Festival; Sait auditioned and was eventually selected.[25] She said the lack of references for the role made it "the most challenging experience" of her career. She wore a penis made of prosthetic makeup between her thighs.[26] Jatin Sarna played the role of gangster Deepak "Bunty" Shinde, which he got after auditioning.[27] Rajshri Deshpande played the role of Siddiqui's wife, Subhadra.[28] Girish Kulkarni was originally offered the role of constable Katekar, which he declined as he wanted a character "that would figure in both Sartaj and Ganesh Gaitonde's world". He then got the role of minister Bipin Bhosale.[29] Iranian actress Elnaaz Norouzi was cast in the role of film star Zoya Mirza.[30] The series' production design was handled by Shazia Iqbal and Vintee Bansal; Aarti Bajaj served as the editor of the series. Swapnil Sonawane shot the portions directed by Motwane. Sylvester Fonseca and Aseem Bajaj shot the scenes of Kashyap.[31] Anish John served as the sound designer.[32]
Filming[edit]
Motwane started filming in September 2017.[33] Kashyap started filming the series after the completion of Mukkabaaz and finished shooting in January 2018.[34] Both Motwane and Kashyap shot the series separately; Motwane directed the present-day scenes with Khan and Kashyap filmed the Bombay of the 1980s with Siddiqui. Motwane called the exercise of shooting individually an "experiment".[5] Kashyap said it was "painfully difficult" to find the "pockets of Bombay which has kept itself like it is".[18] Chandra was working on the novel at the same time Kashyap was working on his film Black Friday (2007), so he "knew the real-life parallels" in the novel.[18] Kashyap said that he shot and treated the series like a film.[5] Motwane said that apart from leaving out small details, they have "stuck to the spirit of the book".[6] Motwane said that he tried to balance the series between "making it for a worldwide audience [and not alienating] everybody over here."[16] Motwane said that he felt liberated to tell the story without being confined to a three-act structure.[8]
Sacred Games was shot on different real locations in Mumbai including Byculla, as it was set in a period, which Motwane expressed was a "huge logistical challenge".[5][35] The time period of Gaitonde's story remained unchanged, while the present-day narrative was shifted to present from early 2000s.[8] Motwane explained that it was because of a "similar sort of government [today] and the vibes are the same, so the threat felt a lot more present".[18] Chandra served as a script consultant in the series.[36] According to Sonawane, "a lot of changes happened on the shoot".[31] Several shots were also mentioned in the script, like the introduction of Gaitonde as a kid, which was a top-angle shot, as in the script.[31] He chose to shoot Sartaj Singh's sequences with "worn-out but very warm lenses that reflect how nothing is working out in Sartaj's life."[31] Yellow colour palette's were used in scenes involving Gaitone because of the "guru that he has begun to follow."[31] Bajaj shot for 27 days, but left after he was involved in another project. After which Fonseca shot the rest of the scenes. He used spherical lenses to shot in order to "demarcate" the world.[31] The shootout sequence at Gaitonde's house, was shot at three different locations with long takes on Steadicam and hand-held shots.[31] One of the scene with Sait involving frontal nudity, was shot in seven takes.[37]
Release[edit]
Apte at the screening of the show in Mumbai.
Sacred Games is the first Netflix original series from India. In February, 2018, Netflix announced three new series, along with four others, making a total of seven series coming out of India.[38][39] The first look of the main three characters: Singh, Gaitonde and Mathur were released by Netflix on 23 February 2018. It had individual stills of a blood spattered Singh, a perplexed looking Mathur and kurta pyjama clad Gaitonde.[40] On 4 May 2018, the 55 second long teaser video was released.[41] It was followed by the release of the official trailer on 5 June 2018.[42] The series premiered in Mumbai on 28 June 2018 at the MAMI film festival, where only first four episodes were shown.[43] The series was released on 6 July 2018 across 191 countries on Netflix with subtitles in more than 20 languages.[5][44] Post the release, several mashup videos, art works and memes related to Sacred Games were released and circulated on social media.[45]
On 10 July 2018, the Indian National Congress party member Rajeev Kumar Sinha, lodged a First information report against Netflix, the showrunners and Nawazuddin Siddiqui, for allegedly insulting former Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi in one of the scenes. Another complaint was lodged on 11 July 2018 by the President of Youth Indian National Trade Union Congress and All Indian Cine Worker's Association, Suresh Shyamal Gupta for allegedly insulting Gandhi.[46] On 14 July 2018, Rahul Gandhi took to Twitter to respond to the controversy by stating that freedom "is a fundamental democratic right" and said: "My father lived and died in the service of India. The views of a character on a fictional web series can never change that."[47] On 15 July 2018, Sinha decided to withdraw the complaint following Gandhi's tweet.[48] Netflix informed the Delhi High Court on 19 July 2018 that a change had been incorporated in the English subtitle to remedy the alleged insult to Gandhi.[49] Sacred Games was also subjected to piracy.[50]
Soundtrack[edit]
Main article: Sacred Games (soundtrack)
Reception[edit]
Upon release, the series garnered positive reviews from critics, with praise to the performances.[51][52] The show held an 89% approval rating on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes based on 19 reviews, with an average rating of 6.62 out of 10. The critical consensus reads: "Gorgeous, grim, and unexpected, Sacred Games is saved from its procedural premise by its dense plotting and superb cast."[53]
Raja Sen gave a positive response and wrote: "It is not an immediately explosive concept, unfolding more like a thriller by numbers, helped along by strong performances and some nimble direction."[54] Jai Arjun Singh felt that the series replicated the novel's profanity very intricately and said that the "series uses its own methods to stress the idea of religion as something that can be both nurturing and cannibalistic".[55] Ektaa Malik of The Indian Express called the series "edgier and more layered", but said: "For those who have read the original source material — the novel Sacred Games — they might find the series a bit jarring with regards to certain plot developments."[11] Manjusha Radhakrishnan of Gulf News cited the series as an "edgy, thrilling winner" and said that Khan and Siddiqui are in their "top form".[56] Saibal Chatterjee of NDTV gave a positive response and wrote: "The series has the potential to wean back viewers who have been driven away from television by drab soap operas and trite entertainment formats."[57]
Dipti Kharude of The Quint commended the writing of the series and said, "What's commendable is that Sacred Games chooses compassion over glorification."[58] Swetha Ramakrishnan of Firstpost called it a "high benchmark for India's first Netflix original." She further said that the show gives "due diligence with high production value and an investment into the right parameters — writing, acting and direction."[59] Shristi Negi of CNN-News18 reviewed and mentioned that the show "totally grips you from start to finish".[60] Ankur Pathak of HuffPost gave a positive response and wrote: "At the surface, Sacred Games appears to be a standard cat-and-mouse chase but the show's probing, introspective nature turns a clichéd crime-saga to a biting commentary on the zeitgeist. Its relevance to our current moment cannot be overstated."[61] Siddhant Adlakha of IGN felt the series depicted women as the "collateral damage to the stories of men." He went on to say that the series is "alluring, but frustrating."[62]
Aditya Shrikrishna of The New Indian Express praised the performances of Kubbra Sait as Kukoo and Jitendra Joshi as Katekar, He called Katekar "probably the best translated character and storyline from the novel to the screen."[63] Urvi Parikh called the series "gripping, "intriguing" and "absolutely thrilling" and "exactly the Web series we have been waiting for".[64] Shweta keshri of India Today praised Siddiqui's acting and said that he "makes you believe that no one could have played Gaitonde better."[65] Tanul Thakur of The Wire felt the series was a "much leaner, condensed version of its source, trying to locate the novel's moral and philosophical centre". He called it a "commendable, much-needed approach" that seems to be in a "needless hurry".[66] Prashant Rao of The Hindu expressed that series captures the spirit of the book. He also praised Khan's performance, stating that he "brings alive his character's midlife crises and the many compromises Singh makes to inhabit a 'good cop' zone with skill and dexterity."[67]
Tim Goodman of The Hollywood Reporter stated that "there are clear flaws" while also mentioning that "there's something riveting about India's bleaker, darker heart being exposed as opposed to some upbeat, colorful explosion of dance scenes".[68] Mike Hale of The New York Times said that, "despite its verve and visual inventiveness, the series feels muddled and a little wearying at times"[69] Adam Starkey of Metro wrote that the dual narratives, while occasionally jarring, are equally compelling.[70] Taylor Antrim called the series "mesmerizing" and "addictive", he further said that it is "bollywood maximalism meets downbeat Euro noir meets Hollywood gangster epic".[71] Steve Greene of IndieWire felt the series was a "surface-level telling of a story that wants to have so much more in its grasp." He also noted the amount of violence depicted.[72] John Doyle of The Globe and Mail noted that the series "sprawls from thriller to dense character study to brooding meditation on the roots of India's political corruption." He, however pointed out that some elements in the story "will puzzle viewers not familiar with India's tangled religious tensions and caste system."[73] Kaitlin Reily of Refinery29 called it a "juicy crime thriller that combines a hardboiled detective story with magical realism."[74] Lincoln Michel of GQ called it the "best Netflix original in years."[75]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Sacred Games: can Netflix's Mumbai mob drama turn India on to TV?". The Guardian. 2018-07-04. Archived from the original on 2018-07-04. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
Jump up ^ Dedhia, Sonil (31 October 2017). "Saif Ali Khan's Web Series 'Sacred Games' To Have Four Seasons?". Mid-Day. Archived from the original on 24 June 2018. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
Jump up ^ Debnath, Neela (18 June 2018). "Sacred Games Netflix release date, cast, trailer, plot: When is it be out?". Sunday Express. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Choudhary, Vidhi. "Sacred Games: How India's first Netflix original came together". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 15 July 2018. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Sahani, Alaka (4 July 2018). "Anurag Kashyap: Vikram Chandra has written amazing love letters to Vikramaditya Motwane after watching Sacred Games". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 5 July 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Upadhyay, Karishma (5 July 2018). "Anurag Kashyap and Vikramaditya Motwane co-direct Sacred Games, Netflix's first Indian original". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 6 July 2018. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Radhakrishnan, Manjusha (4 July 2018). "'Sacred Games': Saif Ali Khan takes on Nawazuddin Siddiqui". Gulf News. Archived from the original on 5 July 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Deodhar, Neerja (10 July 2018). "Sacred Games: Vikramaditya Motwane on adapting Vikram Chandra's book, collaborating with Netflix". Firstpost. Archived from the original on 31 July 2018. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Safaya, Mugdha Kapoor (6 July 2018). "Sacred Games: Would Have Turned it Down if it Were in English: Anurag Kashyap and Nawazuddin Siddiqui". CNN-News18. Archived from the original on 6 July 2018. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Naahar, Rohan (8 July 2018). "Playing the Sacred Games: How the country's biggest talents came together to make India's first global show". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 1 August 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Malik, Ektaa (30 June 2018). "Sacred Games review: The Devil of the Details". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 5 July 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Borges, Jane (15 July 2018). "Sacred Games Writers Didn't Want To Load The Script With Sex Or Violence". Mid Day. Archived from the original on 15 July 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Confused by Sacred Games' use of Hindu mythology? Let's decode episode titles". Hindustan Times. 12 July 2018. Archived from the original on 1 August 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
Jump up ^ "Sacred Games on Netflix: Decoding the intricate title credits and logo design". Architectural Digest. 10 July 2018. Archived from the original on 4 August 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Rao, Soumya (10 July 2018). "How 'Sacred Games' stays true to the source novel but also turns it on its head". Scroll.in. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Panicker, Anahita (5 July 2018). "What went down on a day-long shoot of 'Sacred Games' in Mumbai". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 6 August 2018. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Waheed, Alia (4 July 2018). "Sacred Games: can Netflix's Mumbai mob drama turn India on to TV?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 July 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Rosario, Kennith (4 July 2018). "Sacred Games: The story of how Bombay became Mumbai". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 6 August 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
Jump up ^ "Nawazuddin Siddiqui: I've never treated my characters as gangsters, I look at them as humans". The Indian Express. 2 July 2018. Archived from the original on 5 July 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Deodhar, Neerja (5 July 2018). "Sacred Games: Anurag Kashyap on working with Netflix and his 'street cred' as a director of dark, intense films". Firstpost. Archived from the original on 31 July 2018. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Negi, Shrishti (25 July 2018). "Sacred Games Director Vikramaditya Motwane: Nawaz Was Always My First Choice for Ganesh Gaitonde". CNN-News18. Archived from the original on 31 July 2018. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Singh, Deepali (21 June 2018). "'Comedy is one of my strong points': Neeraj Kabi". Daily News and Analysis. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
Jump up ^ "Sacred Games cast compares Vikram Motwane, Anurag Kashyap, teases season 2". Hindustan Times. 8 August 2018. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
Jump up ^ Purkayastha, Debasree (21 July 2018). "I have seen many Katekars in life, says Jitendra Joshi of 'Sacred Games' fame". The Hindu. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
Jump up ^ "Here's how Kubbra Sait got the chance to audition for 'Sacred Games'". Daily News and Analysis. 14 July 2018. Archived from the original on 31 July 2018. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Basu, Mohar (5 July 2018). "Kubbra Sait On Playing Transgender In Sacred Games: Even Had A Prosthetic Penis". Mid Day. Archived from the original on 5 July 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Mathur, Yashika (17 July 2018). "Sacred Games' Bunty kept messaging and asking Anurag Kashyap for work, and it paid off". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
Jump up ^ Gupta, Surbhi (31 July 2018). "Sacred Games actor Rajshri Deshpande: I am not a fantasy character". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 31 July 2018. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Suri, Rishabh (24 July 2018). "Girish Kulkarni was originally offered Katekar's part, and not Bipin Bhosale, in Sacred Games". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 31 July 2018. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Kukreja, Monika Rawal (25 July 2018). "Sacred Games actor Elnaaz Norouzi: I used to watch Saif in Kal Ho Na Ho, never thought I'd act with him one day". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 31 July 2018. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Ramnath, Nandini (20 July 2018). "Shooting 'Sacred Games': The show's three cinematographers reveal how they created a united vision". Scroll.in. Archived from the original on 31 July 2018. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Ghosh, Devarsi (15 July 2018). "'Dark, criminal, funny, with truth underneath': Alokananda Dasgupta on the music of 'Sacred Games'". Scroll.in. Archived from the original on 2 August 2018. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
Jump up ^ Saif Ali Khan spotted shooting for 'Sacred Games'. YouTube. India: E 24. 7 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Anurag Kashyap wraps Sacred Games, starts shooting of Manmarziyaan". India TV. 29 January 2018. Archived from the original on 31 July 2018. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Basu, Mohar (1 April 2018). "An intoxicating tale in the making". Press Reader. Archived from the original on 31 July 2018. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Nair, Supriya (2 July 2018). "Vikram Chandra on 'Sacred Games': 'I cried though I know what's going to happen to the characters'". Scroll.in. Archived from the original on 18 July 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Tulsiani, Kriti (9 July 2018). "Exclusive: Kubbra Sait reveals why she had to shoot for Sacred Games' frontal nudity scene 7 times". Times Now. Archived from the original on 28 July 2018. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Arora, Akhil (23 February 2018). "Netflix Adds Three New Originals to India Slate". NDTV. Archived from the original on 23 February 2018. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Sacred Games: Netflix launches its first Indian drama series". BBC. 6 July 2018. Archived from the original on 6 August 2018. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
Jump up ^ "Sacred Games first look: A bloodied Saif Ali Khan, Nawazuddin Siddiqui, Radhika Apte in new Netflix drama". Hindustan Times. 23 February 2018. Archived from the original on 4 July 2018. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
Jump up ^ Singh, Anvita (4 May 2018). "Sacred Games teaser: Nawazuddin Siddiqui plays a don with a God-complex". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 2 August 2018. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
Jump up ^ Basu, Nilanjana (6 June 2018). "Sacred Games Trailer: Saif Ali Khan Desperately Trying To Save Mumbai From Nawazuddin Siddiqui, Who Plays 'God'". NDTV. Archived from the original on 2 August 2018. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
Jump up ^ "Netflix's Sacred Games featuring Saif Ali Khan-Nawazuddin Siddiqui, gets star-heavy premiere in Mumbai". Firstpost. 29 June 2018. Archived from the original on 5 July 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Bhattacharya, Ananya (4 July 2018). "Netflix wants its made-in-India content to go global like Narcos". Quartz India. Archived from the original on 12 July 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
Jump up ^ "'Sacred Games' inspires mashup videos, funky artwork, and hundreds of memes". Scroll.in. 20 July 2018. Archived from the original on 2 August 2018. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
Jump up ^ "Second Congress Activist's Complaint Against Nawazuddin Over Netflix Show". NDTV. 12 July 2018. Archived from the original on 12 July 2018. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Tikku, Aloke (14 July 2018). "'Freedom Of Expression', Says Rahul Gandhi On Sacred Games Row". NDTV. Archived from the original on 16 July 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
Jump up ^ "'Inspired' by Rahul Gandhi, Congress Worker to Withdraw Complaint Against Sacred Games". CNN-News18. 15 July 2018. Archived from the original on 16 July 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
Jump up ^ "Sacred Games: Netflix alters controversial subtitles insulting Rajiv Gandhi after Congress backlash". Firstpost. 20 July 2018. Archived from the original on 30 July 2018. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Express Web Desk (1 August 2018). "Netflix series Sacred Games leaked on Tamilrockers". The Indian Express. New Delhi. Archived from the original on 13 July 2018. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
Jump up ^ "'Sacred Games' review: Saif Ali Khan's Netflix series garners positive reviews worldwide". The Free Press Journal. 10 July 2018. Archived from the original on 13 July 2018. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
Jump up ^ Lynch, John (9 July 2018). "Netflix's first original series from India, 'Sacred Games,' is an addictive crime thriller with a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
Jump up ^ "Sacred Games: Season 1". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Sen, Raja (4 July 2018). "'Sacred Games' is worth playing". Mint. Archived from the original on 4 July 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Singh, Jai Arjun (4 July 2018). "Religion Is a Cannibalistic, Self-Replenishing Beast in Netflix's 'Sacred Games'". Vice. Archived from the original on 5 July 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Radhakrishnan, Manjusha (2 July 2018). "'Sacred Games' review: An edgy, thrilling winner". Gulf News. Archived from the original on 5 July 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Chatterjee, Saibal (5 July 2018). "Netflix's Sacred Games Review: First Impressions - Toned-Down Saif Ali Khan Is Perfect". NDTV. Archived from the original on 5 July 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Kharude, Dipti (30 June 2018). "Review: The Digital Game Just Got Bigger With Netflix's 'Sacred Games'". The Quint. Archived from the original on 6 July 2018. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Ramakrishnan, Swetha (6 July 2018). "Sacred Games review: Netflix sets an impossibly high benchmark with this gritty, quintessential Mumbai noir tale". Firstpost. Archived from the original on 6 July 2018. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Negi, Shrishti (6 July 2018). "Sacred Games Review: Nawazuddin Siddiqui-Saif Ali Khan's Show Totally Grips You from Start to Finish". CNN-News18. Archived from the original on 6 July 2018. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Pathak, Ankur (10 July 2018). "'Sacred Games' Review: India Finally Has A Prestige TV Drama To Call Its Own". HuffPost. Archived from the original on 16 July 2018. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
Jump up ^ Adlakha, Siddhant (11 July 2018). "Netflix's Sacred Games: Season 1 Review". IGN. Archived from the original on 2 August 2018. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
Jump up ^ Shrikrishna, Aditya (10 July 2018). "'Sacred Games' review: A tasteful adaptation bolstered by great performances". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 13 July 2018. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
Jump up ^ Parikh, Urvi (6 July 2018). "Review: Sacred Games: Perfect weekend binge-watching". Rediff.com. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
Jump up ^ Keshri, Shweta (7 July 2018). "Sacred Games review: Netflix crime thriller engages viewers with intrigue and mystery". India Today. Archived from the original on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
Jump up ^ Thakur, Tanul (7 July 2018). "'Sacred Games' Probes the Mechanics of a Peculiar Indian Insanity". The Wire. Archived from the original on 27 July 2018. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
Jump up ^ Rao, Prashant (10 July 2018). "Sacred Games: same soul, different body". The Hindu. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
Jump up ^ Goodman, Tim (6 July 2018). "'Sacred Games': TV Review". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 3 August 2018. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Hale, Mike (6 July 2018). "Review: The Criminal Life in Mumbai in 'Sacred Games'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 July 2018. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Starkey, Adam (29 June 2018). "Sacred Games review: Netflix strikes gold with stylish Indian thriller". Metro. Archived from the original on 30 July 2018. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Antrim, Taylor (20 July 2018). "Netflix's Sacred Games Is Your Next Binge Watch". Vogue. Archived from the original on 20 July 2018. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
Jump up ^ Greene, Steve (9 July 2018). "'Sacred Games' Review: Netflix's First Original Series from India Is an Artful Portrait of Senseless Violence". IndieWire. Archived from the original on 13 July 2018. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
Jump up ^ Doyle, John (10 July 2018). "Netflix's Sacred Games is a brilliant thriller series from India". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 3 August 2018. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
Jump up ^ Reily, Kaitlin (7 July 2018). "Sacred Games Is Netflix's New Narcos, With A Twist". Refinery29. Archived from the original on 30 July 2018. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
Jump up ^ Michel, Lincoln (21 July 2018). "Sacred Games Is the Best New Show on Netflix You Aren't Watching". GQ. Archived from the original on 13 August 2018. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
External links[edit]
Sacred Games on IMDb
hide
v
t
e
Netflix original current series
Since 2013
House of Cards
Orange Is the New Black
Since 2014
BoJack Horseman
Since 2015
Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt
Chef's Table
Daredevil
Grace and Frankie
Club de Cuervos
Project Mc2
Dinotrux
Jessica Jones
F Is for Family
Making a Murderer
Real Rob
Since 2016
Degrassi: Next Class
Fuller House
Lego Friends: The Power of Friendship
Flaked
The Ranch
Kong: King of the Apes
Voltron: Legendary Defender
Word Party
World of Winx
Stranger Things
Home: Adventures with Tip & Oh
Last Chance U
Beat Bugs
Ask the StoryBots
Kulipari: An Army of Frogs
Easy
Luke Cage
Skylanders Academy
The Crown
3%
Luna Petunia
The OA
Travelers
Since 2017
One Day at a Time
A Series of Unfortunate Events
Frontier
Santa Clarita Diet
Ultimate Beastmaster
Legend Quest
21 Thunder
Iron Fist
Julie's Greenroom
Ingobernable
13 Reasons Why
Mystery Science Theater 3000: The Return
Bill Nye Saves the World
Dear White People
Cable Girls
Buddy Thunderstruck
Spirit Riding Free
Anne with an E
Free Rein
GLOW
The Standups
Castlevania
Friends from College
Ozark
The Worst Witch
Atypical
True and the Rainbow Kingdom
Greenhouse Academy
The Confession Tapes
American Vandal
Neo Yokio
Jack Whitehall: Travels with My Father
Big Mouth
The Magic School Bus Rides Again
Suburra
Mindhunter
Super Monsters
Cuando conocí al Chapo: La historia de Kate del Castillo
Beyond Stranger Things
The Punisher
Shot in the Dark
Stretch Armstrong and the Flex Fighters
She's Gotta Have It
Dark
Wormwood
The Toys That Made Us
Since 2018
The End of the F***ing World
My Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman
Trolls: The Beat Goes On!
Llama Llama
The New Legends of Monkey
Altered Carbon
Dirty Money
Queer Eye
Ugly Delicious
B: The Beginning
Flint Town
Girls Incarcerated
A.I.C.O. -Incarnation-
Nailed It!
On My Block
Wild Wild Country
Alexa & Katie
The Mechanism
Requiem
Sword Gai: The Animation
Lost Song
Troy: Fall of a City
The Boss Baby: Back in Business
Fastest Car
Lost in Space
Aggretsuko
Spy Kids: Mission Critical
The Letdown
A Little Help with Carol Burnett
Busted!
The Rain
The Who Was? Show
Explained
The Hollow
The Ballad of Hugo Sánchez
Harvey Street Kids
Kiss Me First
Samantha!
Sacred Games
The Epic Tales of Captain Underpants
Sugar Rush
Dark Tourist
Cupcake & Dino: General Services
All About the Washingtons
Insatiable
The House of Flowers
Disenchantment
The Innocents
Ghoul
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sacred_Games_(TV_series)&oldid=857065087"
Categories:
Netflix original programming
2018 Indian television series debuts
Hindi-language television programs
Indian drama television series
Television shows set in Mumbai
Research and Analysis Wing in fiction
Indian crime television series
Fictional portrayals of the Maharashtra Police
Television series about organized crime
Television programmes based on Indian novels
2010s Indian television series
Indian period television series
Indian LGBT-related television shows
Indian programmes distributed by Netflix
Cultural depictions of Prime Ministers of India
Transgender in television
Hidden categories:
Pages using infobox television with editor parameter
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Français
हिन्दी
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
اردو
Edit links
This page was last edited on 29 August 2018, at 09:50 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: i

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

values: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-style: italic; background: #CCCCFF; padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em;

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

attrs: colspan style

values: text-align:center;background: #CCCCFF; padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em;

values:
/wiki/Jeetendra_Joshi
mw-redirect
Jeetendra Joshi

values:
/wiki/Director_of_photography
mw-redirect
Director of photography

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values:
/wiki/Danish_Pandor
mw-redirect
Danish Pandor

values: -moz-column-width: 20em; -webkit-column-width: 20em; column-width: 20em;

values:
description
5
border-bottom:solid 3px #332335

values:
/wiki/Kurukshetra_war
mw-redirect
Kurukshetra war

values:
/wiki/Indus_Valley
mw-redirect
Indus Valley

values:
/wiki/Kubbra_Sait
mw-redirect
Kubbra Sait

attrs: alt src width height class data-file-width data-file-height

values:
nofollow
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6077448/
external text

values: Template:Netflix original current series

values: Template talk:Netflix original current series

values: List of original programs distributed by Netflix

values: A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible

values: Category:2018 Indian television series debuts

values: Category:Research and Analysis Wing in fiction

values: Category:Fictional portrayals of the Maharashtra Police

values: Category:Television series about organized crime

values: Category:Television programmes based on Indian novels

values: Category:Indian period television series

values: Category:Indian LGBT-related television shows

values: Category:Indian programmes distributed by Netflix

values: Category:Cultural depictions of Prime Ministers of India

values: Category:Pages using infobox television with editor parameter

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Sacred_Games_(TV_series)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Le Seigneur de Bombay (série télévisée) – French

values: सेक्रेड गेम्स – Hindi

values: ਸੈਕਰਡ ਗੇਮਸ (ਟੀਵੀ ਸੀਰੀਜ਼) – Punjabi

values: سیکرڈ گیمز (ٹی وی سیریز) – Urdu

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Sacred_Games_TV_series rootpage-Sacred_Games_TV_series skin-vector action-view