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John Heisman
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John Heisman
Heisman at Georgia Tech c. 1918
Sport(s)
Football, basketball, baseball
Biographical details
Born
(1869-10-23)October 23, 1869
Cleveland, Ohio
Died
October 3, 1936(1936-10-03) (aged 66)
New York, New York
Alma mater
Brown University
University of Pennsylvania
Playing career
Football
1887–1889
Brown
1890–1891
Penn
Position(s)
Center, tackle, end
Coaching career (HC unless noted)
Football
1892
Oberlin
1893–1894
Buchtel
1894
Oberlin
1895–1899
Auburn
1900–1903
Clemson
1904–1919
Georgia Tech
1920–1922
Penn
1923
Washington & Jefferson
1924–1927
Rice
Basketball
1908–1909
Georgia Tech
1912–1914
Georgia Tech
Baseball
1894
Buchtel
1899–1904
Clemson
1904–1917
Georgia Tech
Administrative career (AD unless noted)
1904–1919
Georgia Tech
1924–1927
Rice
Head coaching record
Overall
186–70–18 (football)
9–14 (basketball)
219–119–7 (baseball)
Accomplishments and honors
Championships
Football
1 National (1917)
1 Southern (1915)
6 SIAA (1900, 1902–1903, 1916–1918)
College Football Hall of Fame
Inducted in 1954 (profile)
John William Heisman (October 23, 1869 – October 3, 1936) was a player and coach of American football, basketball, and baseball, as well as a sportswriter and actor.
He served as the head football coach at Oberlin College (1892, 1894), Buchtel College (now known as the University of Akron) (1893–1894), Auburn University (1895–1899), Clemson University (1900–1903), Georgia Tech (1904–1919), the University of Pennsylvania (1920–1922), Washington & Jefferson College (1923), and Rice University (1924–1927), compiling a career college football record of 186–70–18. His 1917 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado were recognized as the national champion.
Heisman was the head basketball coach at Georgia Tech (1908–1909, 1912–1914), tallying a mark of 9–14, and the head baseball coach at Buchtel (1894), Clemson (1899–1904), and Georgia Tech (1904–1917), amassing a career college baseball record of 219–119–7. He served as the athletic director at Georgia Tech from 1904 to 1919 and at Rice from 1924 to 1927. While at Georgia Tech, he also was president of the Atlanta Crackers baseball team.
Fuzzy Woodruff dubbed Heisman the "pioneer of Southern football".[1] Heisman was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1954. His entry there notes that Heisman "stands only behind Amos Alonzo Stagg, Pop Warner, and Walter Camp as a master innovator of the brand of football of his day".[2] One writer says Heisman, Stagg, and Warner constitute the "Football Trinity".[3] The Heisman Trophy, awarded annually to the season's most outstanding college football player, is named after him.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life and playing career
2 Coaching career
2.1 Early coaching career
2.1.1 Oberlin
2.1.2 Buchtel
2.2 Auburn
2.3 Clemson
2.4 Georgia Tech
2.4.1 Baseball and basketball
2.4.2 Football
2.4.2.1 1915–1918
2.5 Penn and Washington & Jefferson
2.6 Rice University
3 Acting career
4 Personal life
5 Death and legacy
5.1 Legacy
5.1.1 Coaching tree
6 Head coaching record
6.1 Football
7 Notes
8 References
9 Bibliography
10 External links
Early life and playing career[edit]
Heisman was born in Cleveland, Ohio, the son of Bavarian German immigrant Johann Michael Heissmann and Sara Lehr Heissman.[n 1] He grew up in northwestern Pennsylvania near Titusville, where he played varsity football for Titusville High School from 1884 to 1886, and was salutatorian of his graduating class.[8] Although he was a drama student, he confessed he was "football mad."[8] Heisman's father refused to watch him play at Titusville, calling football "bestial".[9]
He went on to play football as a lineman at Brown University (1887–1888)[4] and at the University of Pennsylvania (1889–1891);[3][10][11] "a 158-pound center ... in constant dread that his immediate teammates—guards weighing 212 and 243—would fall on him."[12] He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania Law School in 1892.[11]
Coaching career[edit]
In his book Principles of Football, Heisman described his coaching strategy: "The coach should be masterful and commanding, even dictatorial. He has no time to say 'please' or 'mister'. At times he must be severe, arbitrary, and little short of a czar."[13][14] Heisman always used a megaphone at practice.[15]
Early coaching career[edit]
Oberlin[edit]
Heisman first coached at Oberlin College in 1892.[8][10] Wrote The Oberlin Review in 1892: "Mr. Heisman has entirely remade our football. He has taught us scientific football."[16] Influenced by Yale and Pudge Heffelfinger, Heisman implemented seven-man interference.[17] His best lineman at Oberlin was the half German, half Hawaiian John Henry Wise.[18] Heisman also used a fake pass (from center) and a double pass.[17] Heisman returned to Oberlin in 1894.[17]
Buchtel[edit]
In 1893 he moved to Buchtel College, where he helped make the first of many permanent alterations to the sport of football. It was then customary for the center to begin a play by rolling the ball backwards, but this was troublesome for Buchtel's unusually tall quarterback, Harry Clark. Under Heisman, the center began tossing the ball to Clark, a practice that evolved into the snap that today begins every play.[19][20]
Auburn[edit]
Heisman at Auburn
In 1895 Heisman became the fifth head football coach at Auburn University. He witnessed one of the first illegal forward passes.[21][22] His 1895 team once executed a "hidden ball trick" in a game against Vanderbilt while appearing to run a revolving wedge.[23] Vanderbilt won nevertheless, 9 to 6; it was the first time in the history of southern football that a field goal decided a game.[24] "Billy" Williams recalled:[25]
I was playing left half for Auburn and Tichenor was quarterback. We were on Vandy's 15-yard line and had the ball in our possession. Tich passed the ball to me; I raised his jersey and hid the ball under it, at the same time dashing toward our right end, protected by several members of the Auburn team ... Vandy thought I had the ball. Tich journeyed around his own left and went over the Vanderbilt's goal line. The first time the Vandy players knew Tich had the ball and had made a touchdown was when they saw him pulling the ball from under his jersey.
Quarterback Reynolds Tichenor described the nature of the play as follows:[24]
The play was simply this. When the ball was snapped it went to a halfback. The play was closely massed and well screened. The halfback then thrust the ball under the back of my jersey. Then he would crash into the line. After the play I simply trotted away to a touchdown.
The 1899 team lost just one game, by a single point to the "Iron Men" of Sewanee, and ran an early version of the hurry-up offense.[26][27] As Heisman recalled:
The team of '99—my last at Auburn—was a great one. It only weighed about 160 (pounds per player), but its speed and team work were something truly wonderful. I do not think I have ever seen so fast a team as that was. It would line up and get the ball in play at times before the opposing players were up off the ground. You see it was a 'stunt' of ours to catch them off side and get the benefit of the penalty. Nowadays no team is taken by surprise by such lightning lining up; but that Auburn team of '99 was the first to show what could be done with speedy play, and then it wasn't long before all other teams were laboring with might and main to inject speed into their work.
Fuzzy Woodruff relates on All-Southern selections: "The first selections that had any pretense of being backed by a judicial consideration were made by W. Reynolds Tichenor, old-time Auburn quarterback, who had kept in intimate contact with football through being a sought-after official. The next selections were made by John W. Heisman, who was as good a judge of football men as the country ever produced."[28][29] Heisman drew much acclaim as a sportswriter.[30]
Clemson[edit]
Heisman at Clemson
In 1900 Heisman, then "the undisputed master of Southern football",[31] went to Clemson University, where he coached four winning seasons and three Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA) titles. Auburn graduate Walter Riggs led the effort to raise the $415.11 to hire Heisman,[32] the first Clemson coach who had experience coaching at another school.[33] As Riggs recalled, "By 1899 the Clemson football team had risen steadily until its material was equal to that of any southern college, and the time had come to put on the long-planned finishing touch."[34] Heisman once described his style of play at Clemson as "radically different from anything on earth".[35][36][n 2] On opening day in 1900, Clemson beat Davidson by a 64–0 score, which was then the largest ever made in the south.[38]
The 1901 Clemson team was tied by Tennessee. The 1902 team beat Tennessee 11–0, during which the Volunteers' Tootsie Douglas launched a 109-yard punt (the field length was 110 yards in those days).[39][40][41] Heisman described the kick:
The day was bitterly cold and a veritable typhoon was blowing straight down the field from one end to the other. We rushed the ball with more consistency than Tennessee, but throughout the entire first half they held us because of the superb punting of "Toots" Douglas, especially because, in that period he had the gale squarely with him. Going against that blizzard our labors were like unto those of Tantalus. Slowly, with infinite pains and a maximum of exertion, we pushed the ball from our territory to their 10-yard line. We figured we had another down to draw on, but the referee begged to differ. He handed the ball to Tennessee and the "tornado." Their general cheerfully chirped a signal—Saxe Crawford, it must have been—and "Toots" with sprightly step, dropped back for another of his Milky Way punts. I visualize him still, standing on his own goal line and squarely between his uprights. One quick glance he cast overhead—no doubt to make sure that howling was still the same old hurricane.
I knew at once what he proposed to do. The snap was perfect. "Toots" caught the ball, took two smart steps and—BLAM!—away shot the ball as though from the throat of Big Bertha. And, say, in his palmiest mathematical mood, I don't believe Sir Isaac Newton himself could have figured a more perfect trajectory to fit with that cyclone. Onward and upward, upward and onward, the crazy thing flew like a brainchild of Jules Verne. I thought it would clear the Blue Ridge Mountains. Our safety man, the great Johnny Maxwell, was positioned 50 yards behind our rush line, yet the punt sailed over his head like a phantom aeroplane. Finally, it came down, but still uncured of its wanderlust it started in to roll—toward our goal, of course, with Maxwell chasing and damning it with every step and breath. Finally it curled up and died on our one-footline, after a bowstring journey of just 109 yards.[42]
1903 Clemson Tigers. Heisman in back, second from left with glasses
In 1902 Clemson lost 12–6 to South Carolina in Columbia, for the first time since 1896, when their rivalry began.[43] Several fights broke out that day. As one writer describes, "The Carolina fans that week were carrying around a poster with the image of a tiger with a gamecock standing on top of it, holding the tiger's tail as if he was steering the tiger". Another brawl broke out before both sides agreed to burn the poster in an effort to defuse tensions. The immediate aftermath resulted in the suspension of the rivalry until 1909.[44][45]
The 1903 team tied Cumberland 11–11 in a game billed as the championship of the South. Clemson's 73–0 victory over Georgia Tech led Clemson to name a street on the campus for Heisman and led Georgia Tech to hire him for the following season. Rival school Georgia offered a bushel of apples for every point over 29 Clemson could score on Tech (the week before, Clemson had beaten Georgia 29–0.). Clemson then rushed for 615 yards.[46] Star players for Clemson under Heisman included Vedder Sitton, Hope Sadler, and Jock Hanvey.[47] One publication reads: "Vetter Sitton and Hope Sadler were the finest ends that Clemson ever had perhaps."[48]
Georgia Tech[edit]
Heisman moved from Clemson to Georgia Tech in 1904, where he coached for the longest tenure of his career, 16 years.[49][n 3] A banner proclaiming "Tech Gets Heisman for 1904" was strung across Atlanta's Piedmont Park.[51] Heisman was hired by Tech for $2,250 a year and 30% of the home ticket sales,[52] a $50 raise over his Clemson salary.[51] Later in his time at Tech, his salary went up but the percentage of receipts went down.[52]
Baseball and basketball[edit]
1909 Tech football team, Heisman in center
At Georgia Tech, Heisman coached basketball and baseball in addition to football.[53] Heisman eventually coached track as well and became the head of the Atlanta Baseball Association and the athletic director of the Atlanta Athletic Club.[52][54][n 4] He cut back on these expanded duties in 1918, when he only coached football between September 1 and December 15.[52]
Football[edit]
Heisman won 77% of his football games and put together 16 consecutive non-losing seasons, including three undefeated campaigns and a 32-game undefeated streak.[n 5] Georgia Tech is where Heisman first utilized the jump shift.[57][58]
His first season was a strong 8–1–1 performance, the first winning season for the school since 1893.[52] One source relates: "The real feature of the season was the marvelous advance made by the Georgia School of Technology which burst from fetters that kept it in the lowest class for ten years."[59] His team posted victories over Georgia, Tennessee, University of Florida at Lake City, and Cumberland, and a tie with his previous employer, Clemson. He suffered just one loss, to another first year coach, Mike Donahue of Auburn. The 1905 team went 6–0–1,[60] and Heisman gained a reputation as a coaching "wizard".[61]
In 1906 the rules committee legalized the forward pass, for which Heisman was instrumental.[2] The 1906 team beat Auburn for the first time. Stars of this early period for Tech included Lob Brown and Billy Wilson.[62][63] The 1907 and 1908 teams were led by Chip Robert and "Twenty Percent" Davis, who was captain in 1909.[60]
The team continued to post winning records but with multiple losses each season. The 1911 team featured future coach William Alexander as a reserve quarterback,[64][65] and was captained by Pat Patterson.[60] Alf McDonald made an All-Southern team in 1912,[66] and the team moved to Grant Field from Ponce de Leon Park (where the Atlanta baseball team also played) by 1913.[67]
1915–1918[edit]
The 1916 scoreboard, showing football's worst blowout
From 1915 to 1918 Georgia Tech went 30–1–2 and outscored opponents 1611 to 93. The 1915 team was immediately dubbed the greatest in Tech's history.[68][69] One writer claimed the 1916 team "seemed to personify Heisman".[70] This was the first team to vault Georgia Tech to national prominence.[65] In a game played in Atlanta in 1916, Heisman's Georgia Tech squad defeated the Cumberland College Bulldogs, 222–0, in the most one-sided college football game ever played. Heisman's running up the score against his out-manned opponent was supposedly motivated by revenge against Cumberland's baseball team for running up the score against Tech 22–0 the previous year with a team primarily composed of semi-pro players, and against sportswriters he felt were too focused on numbers.[71]
Heisman, c. 1917, in front of Clemson's Bowman Field..
In 1917, the backfield of Everett Strupper, Joe Guyon, Al Hill, and Judy Harlan helped propel Heisman to his finest success, a national championship, the first for a southern team. The team produced the first two players from the Deep South ever selected All-American: Strupper and team captain, tackle Walker Carpenter.[72] Heisman challenged Pop Warner's undefeated Pittsburgh team to a decisive national championship game, but he declined. In the next season of 1918, after losing several players to World War I, Tech lost a lopsided game to Pitt 32–0. Historian Francis J. Powers wrote:
At Forbes Field, the dressing rooms of the two teams were separated only by a thin wall. As the Panthers were sitting around, awaiting Warner's pre-game talk, Heisman began to orate in the adjoining room. In his charge to the Tech squad, Heisman became flowery and fiery. He brought the heroes of ancient Greece and the soldier dead in his armor among the ruins of Pompeii. It was terrific and the Panthers sat, spellbound. When Heisman had finished, Warner chortled and quietly said to his players: 'Okay, boys. There's the speech. Now go out and knock them off.'[73]
Tech eclipsed 100 points three different times in 1918. Buck Flowers, a small back in his first year on the team, was in the backfield after transferring from Davidson a year before, where he had starred in a game against Tech. Flowers had grown to weigh 150 pounds and was a backup until Heisman discovered his ability as an open-field runner on punt returns.[74] "Heisman's eyes bulged. And bulged again. On the first punt, Buck ran through the entire first team. Same thing again ... and again. Heisman had uncovered one of the greatest broken-field runners."[74]
Also in 1918, center Bum Day became the first player from the south selected for Walter Camp's first team All-America, historically loaded with college players from Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and other northeastern colleges.[75]
Penn and Washington & Jefferson[edit]
Portrait of Heisman in his mid-fifties at Rice University
With Bill Alexander hired as his successor, Heisman left Atlanta after the 1919 season,[76] going back to Penn for three seasons from 1920 to 1922. Most notable perhaps is the 1922 loss to Alabama, the Tide's first major inter-sectional victory.[77] In 1923 Heisman coached the Washington & Jefferson Presidents, which beat the previously undefeated West Virginia Mountaineers.[78]
Rice University[edit]
Following the season at Washington and Jefferson College, Heisman ended his coaching career with four seasons at Rice. In 1924, after being selected by The Committee on Outdoor Sports,[79] he took over the job as Rice University's first full-time head football coach and athletic director, succeeding Phillip Arbuckle.[80] His teams saw little success, and there was an uproar as he earned more than any faculty member. Rice University was his last coaching job before he retired in 1926 to lead the New York Downtown Athletic Club.[80]
Acting career[edit]
Heisman was a Shakespearean actor in the off-season.[4] His oration at his Titusville Highschool graduation entitled "The Dramatist as Sermonizer" was described as "full of dramatic emphasis and fire, and showed how the masterpieces of Shakespeare depicted the ends of unchecked passion."[8][81] He was known for his use of polysyllabic language. "Heisman's voice was deep, his diction perfect, his tone biting."[12] This is exemplified in his speeches, one of which is given here. He was known to repeat this annually, at the start of each football season, to encourage his team:[82]
What is this? It is a prolate spheroid, an elongated sphere in which the outer leather casing is drawn tightly over a somewhat smaller rubber tubing. Better to have died as a small boy than to fumble this football.
In 1897 the Auburn football team finished $700 in debt, and Heisman directed, produced, and acted in David Garrick to raise the money.[83] As such, he became the founder of Auburn's first theatrical group: The A.P.I. Dramatic Club.
Personal life[edit]
Heisman met his first wife, an actress, while he was at participating in theater during his time at Clemson.[84] Evelyn McCollum Cox was a widow with a single child, a boy named Carlisle.[85] They got married during the 1903 season. Carlisle was 12 at the time, and he and Heisman would remain close after John and Evelyn had divorced each other.[84][86] They decided to separate in 1918 when Heisman was coaching at Georgia Tech and he and Evelyn were living in Atlanta.[84] To prevent any social embarrassment to his former wife, who chose to remain in the city, he left Atlanta after the divorce and took the head coaching position at Penn.[67][84]
In 1924, while living in Washington, Pennsylvania, and coaching at Washington and Jefferson College, Heisman remarried. He first met Edith Maora Cole when she was a student in Buchtel College, where he was coaching football during the 1893 and 1894 seasons.[84] The two were close but decided not to marry due to Edith's problems with tuberculosis.[84] When they met again in their later years, the two decided to marry; this was in 1924, right before Heisman left Pennsylvania and took his last job as a coach at Rice University in Texas.[84]
Death and legacy[edit]
Heisman became the athletics director of the Downtown Athletic Club in Manhattan, New York. In 1935 the club began awarding a Downtown Athletic Club trophy for the best football player east of the Mississippi River.[4]
Heisman died of pneumonia on October 3, 1936, in New York City.[4] Three days later he was taken by train to his wife's hometown of Rhinelander, Wisconsin, where he was buried in Grave D, Lot 11, Block 3 of the city-owned Forest Home Cemetery.[87][88] When Heisman died, he was preparing to write a history of football.[89]
Legacy[edit]
Diagram illustrating Heisman's shift formation
Heisman was an innovator. He developed one of the first shifts:[90] he had both guards pull to lead an end run, and had his center toss the ball back instead of rolling or kicking it.[91][n 6] He was a proponent of the legalization of the forward pass in 1906, and he originated the "hike" or "hep" shouted by the quarterback to start each play. He led the effort to cut the game from halves to quarters, and is credited with the idea of the scoreboard and of putting his quarterback at safety on defense.[2]
On December 10, 1936, just two months after Heisman's death on October 3, the Downtown Athletic Club trophy was renamed the Heisman Memorial Trophy,[4] and is now given to the player voted as the season's most outstanding collegiate football player. Voters for this award consist primarily of media representatives, who are allocated by regions across the country in order to filter out possible regional bias, and former recipients.[4] Following the bankruptcy of the Downtown Athletic Club in 2002, the award is now given out by the Heisman Trust.
Heisman Street on Clemson's campus is named in his honor. Heisman Drive, located directly south of Jordan–Hare Stadium on the Auburn University campus, is named in his honor as well.[93] A wooden statue of Heisman was placed at the Rhinelander–Oneida County Airport.[94] Heisman has also been the subject of a musical.[95]
Coaching tree[edit]
Heisman's coaching tree includes:
Bill Alexander: played for Georgia Tech (1911–1912), head coach for Georgia Tech (1920–1944)[96]
Bill Fincher: played for Georgia Tech (1916–1920), head coach for William & Mary (1921), assistant for Georgia Tech (1927–1928)[97]
Jack Forsythe: played for Clemson (1900–1903), head coach for Florida State College (1904), Florida (1906)[98]
Charles "Wahoo" Guyon: assistant for Georgia Tech (1917)[72]
Joe Guyon: played for Georgia Tech (1916–1917), head coach for Union College (1919; 1923–1927)[99]
Jock Hanvey: played for Clemson (1902–1903), assistant for Florida State College (1904)[100]
Froggie Morrison: played for Georgia Tech (1914–1916), assistant for Georgia Tech (1933)[101]
Pup Phillips: played for Georgia Tech (1916–1917; 1919), head coach for University School for Boys (1923)[102]
Carl Sitton: played for Clemson (1901–1903), head baseball coach for Clemson (1915–1916)[103]
Everett Strupper: played for Georgia Tech (1915–1917), assistant for Mercer (1922)[104]
Reynolds Tichenor: played for Auburn (1893–1896), assistant for Auburn (1911–1919)[105]
Billy Watkins, who replaced Heisman at Auburn (1900), "an old pupil of Heisman's".[106]
Fay Wood: assistant for Georgia Tech (1918–1920)[96]
Head coaching record[edit]
Football[edit]
Year
Team
Overall
Conference
Standing
Oberlin Yeomen (Independent) (1892)
1892 Oberlin 7–0
Buchtel (Independent) (1893–1894)
1893 Buchtel 5–2
1894 Buchtel 1–0
Buchtel: 6–2
Oberlin Yeomen (Independent) (1894)
1894 Oberlin 4–3–1
Oberlin: 11–3–1
Auburn Tigers (Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association) (1895–1899)
1895 Auburn 2–1 2–1 3rd
1896 Auburn 3–1 3–1 4th
1897 Auburn 2–0–1 2–0–1 3rd
1898 Auburn 2–1 2–1 4th
1899 Auburn 3–1–1 2–1–1 6th
Auburn: 12–4–2 11–4–2
Clemson Tigers (Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association) (1900–1903)
1900 Clemson 6–0 3–0 T–1st
1901 Clemson 3–1–1 2–0–1 2nd
1902 Clemson 6–1 6–0 T–1st
1903 Clemson 4–1–1 4–0–1 T–1st
Clemson: 19–3–2 15–0–2
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets (Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association) (1904–1913)
1904 Georgia Tech 8–1–1 2–1–1 6th
1905 Georgia Tech 6–0–1 4–0–1 2nd
1906 Georgia Tech 5–3–1 3–3 8th
1907 Georgia Tech 4–4 2–4 10th
1908 Georgia Tech 6–3 5–3 6th
1909 Georgia Tech 7–2 5–2 5th
1910 Georgia Tech 5–3 3–3 11th
1911 Georgia Tech 6–2–1 5–2–1 5th
1912 Georgia Tech 5–3–1 5–3 5th
1913 Georgia Tech 7–2 5–2 4th
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets (Independent) (1914–1915)
1914 Georgia Tech 6–2
1915 Georgia Tech 7–0–1
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets / Golden Tornado (Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association) (1916–1919)
1916 Georgia Tech 8–0–1 4–0–1 T–1st
1917 Georgia Tech 9–0 4–0 1st
1918 Georgia Tech 6–1 3–0 1st
1919 Georgia Tech 7–3 3–2 8th
Georgia Tech: 102–29–7 53–25–4
Penn Quakers (Independent) (1920–1922)
1920 Penn 6–4
1921 Penn 4–3–2
1922 Penn 6–3
Penn: 16–10–2
Washington & Jefferson Presidents (Independent) (1923)
1923 Washington & Jefferson 6–1–1
Washington & Jefferson: 6–1–1
Rice Owls (Southwest Conference) (1924–1927)
1924 Rice 4–4 2–2 T–3rd
1925 Rice 4–4–1 1–2–1 5th
1926 Rice 4–4–1 0–4 7th
1927 Rice 2–6–1 1–3 6th
Rice: 14–18–3 4–11–1
Total: 186–70–18 83–41–9
National championship Conference title Conference division title
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "Born Johann Wilhelm Heisman on October 23, 1869 ... The name John William was later adopted in order to make less apparent the fact that he was the son of immigrants. His father was ostensibly the estranged son of German aristocrats and husband to his Ohio born wife, for whom he gave up his family, inheritance, and surname."[5][6] His mother's grandfather had been an aide-de-campe to Napoleon.[7]
Jump up ^ Fuzzy Woodruff wrote "the just historian will reach the inevitable conclusion that Heisman never did anything that it wasn't customary for his rivals to do."[37]
Jump up ^ The same season, Dan McGugin was hired by Vanderbilt and Mike Donahue by Auburn, challenging Heisman's eminence in the South.[50]
Jump up ^ In 1909, Atlanta captured the Southern Association title.[55]
Jump up ^ Georgia Tech selected an "All-Heisman Era" team; in the line: Al Staton, Walker Carpenter, Bob Lang, Pup Phillips, Dummy Lebey, Bill Fincher, Jim Senter, and in the backfield: Al Hill, Joe Guyon, Everett Strupper, and Tommy Spence.[56]
Jump up ^ Former Yale center Pa Corbin described how one used to snap the ball with his foot: "By standing the ball on end and exercising a certain pressure on the same, it was possible to have it bound into the quarterback's hands."[92]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Woodruff 1928b, p. 32
^ Jump up to: a b c "John Heisman". National Football Foundation. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Football Master Strategist New Name For Heisman". The Atlanta Constitution. October 13, 1918. p. 3. Retrieved May 4, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Rielly 2009, pp. 163–164
Jump up ^ "Heisman, John William". libraries.psu.edu. Archived from the original on January 22, 2016. Retrieved October 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ Heisman 2012, pp. 3–6
Jump up ^ Pat Edwards. "Heisman led Jackets to victory". Retrieved January 9, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Brandt 2001, pp. 53–54
Jump up ^ Pope 1955, p. 120
^ Jump up to: a b "Heisman's Playing Record". November 29, 1903. p. 11. Retrieved October 8, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Jump up to: a b "John Heisman (1869–1936)". Penn Biographies. Penn University Archives & Records Center. Retrieved December 24, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Pope 1955, p. 119
Jump up ^ Pope 1955, p. 126
Jump up ^ Heisman 1922, p. 360
Jump up ^ Pope 1955, p. 127
Jump up ^ Sawchik, Travis. "John Heisman: The man behind the award and his time at Clemson".
^ Jump up to: a b c Pope 1955, p. 121
Jump up ^ Bob Hogue (March 5, 2015). "The First Native Football Player".
Jump up ^ Heisman 2012, pp. 64–65
Jump up ^ Umphlett 1992, p. 37
Jump up ^ Pope 1955, p. 116
Jump up ^ "Tar Heels Credited with Throwing First Forward Pass". Tar Heel Times. tarheeltimes.com. Archived from the original on 2006-12-19. Retrieved 2011-07-12.
Jump up ^ Woodbery 2012, p. 102
^ Jump up to: a b Gould, Alan (January 24, 1931). "Sport Slants". Prescott Evening Courier.
Jump up ^ Schafer 2004, p. 12
Jump up ^ "John Heisman: Auburn 'the first to show what could be done' with the hurry-up offense – The War Eagle Reader". Thewareaglereader.com. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ J. W. Heisman (September 4, 1904). "New Football Rules Concise, Complete". The Atlanta Constitution. p. 3. Retrieved October 8, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
Jump up ^ Ronnie Thomas (April 26, 1968). "One Way To Break The Monotony". Times Daily.
Jump up ^ "All-Southern Eleven of 1903 Powerful, and Fleet of Foot". Atlanta Constitution. November 29, 1903. p. 11. Retrieved March 5, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
Jump up ^ "Coach Heisman To Write On College Baseball". The Atlanta Constitution. March 18, 1905. p. 9. Retrieved October 8, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
Jump up ^ Woodruff 1928, p. 110
Jump up ^ Riley 2002, p. 33
Jump up ^ "Heisman Connection". ClemsonTigers.com.
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Jump up ^ "Prodigious Kick". Schenectady Gazette. October 10, 1934.
Jump up ^ Heisman 2012, pp. 104–105
Jump up ^ "Morning Game Was Jonah To Clemson At Columbia". Atlanta Constitution. October 31, 1902. p. 2. Retrieved May 3, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
Jump up ^ John Nauright. "The South Carolina – Clemson Football War of 1902". academia.edu. Retrieved October 6, 2016.
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Jump up ^ Foster Senn (October 17, 1987). "This Day in Tiger Football". Clemson University Football Programs – Clemson vs Duke: 81.
Jump up ^ "Amateur Sport". The Olympian Magazine. 2: 383–384.
Jump up ^ "Vetter Sitton Clemson Coach". The Anderson Daily-Intelligencer. January 21, 1915.
Jump up ^ "Mike Bobinski Bio". ramblinwreck.com. Retrieved July 27, 2013.
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^ Jump up to: a b Pope 1955, p. 123
^ Jump up to: a b c d e McMath 1985, p. 96
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Jump up ^ "John W. Heisman, Noted Coach, Dies". www.nytimes.com.
Jump up ^ "Heisman had Minor League connection".
Jump up ^ "Georgia Tech's All-Era Teams" (PDF). Georgia Institute of Technology. 2007. p. 155.
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Jump up ^ e. g. McCarty 1988b, p. 18
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^ Jump up to: a b c Georgia Institute of Technology 2008, pp. 190–191
Jump up ^ "Coach Heisman Names All-Southern Eleven". The Atlanta Constitution. p. 6. Retrieved October 8, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
Jump up ^ "Georgia Tech Football Team of 1904". gatech.edu. Archived from the original on October 10, 2016. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Football in the South". The Official National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Guide: 161.
Jump up ^ "Georgia Tech Football Team of 1911". gatech.edu. Archived from the original on August 11, 2016. Retrieved October 5, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Early Georgia Tech Football" (PDF). College Football Historical Society. 14 (1). November 2000.
Jump up ^ "How All-Southern Team Looks to Coach Ketron". The Washington Times. December 4, 1912. p. 13. Retrieved March 3, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Jump up to: a b "Tech Timeline: 1910s". Tech Traditions. Georgia Tech Alumni Association. Archived from the original on October 16, 2007. Retrieved May 21, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Georgia Tech Claims S.I.A.A. Championship". The Tennessean. November 26, 1915. p. 8. Retrieved March 27, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
Jump up ^ Dick Jemison (November 26, 1915). "Yellow Jackets Earn Tie To Football Championship By Defeating Plainsmen". Atlanta Constitution. p. 9. Retrieved March 2, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
Jump up ^ Heisman 2012, p. 144
Jump up ^ "John Heisman". Tech Traditions: Ramblin' Memories. Georgia Tech Alumni Association. Archived from the original on September 7, 2007. Retrieved May 21, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b Umphlett 1992, p. 142
Jump up ^ Powers, p. 42
^ Jump up to: a b "Buck Flowers: He Could Do It All — Well". Daily Item. Sumter, S.C. October 15, 1969. p. B2.
Jump up ^ Joe Williams, "Joe Williams Says," El Paso Herald-Post, p. 10 (November 12, 1935). Retrieved August 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ Pope 1955, p. 8
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Jump up ^ "1923 West Virginia Mountaineers Schedule and Results". sports-reference.com. Archived from the original on September 24, 2016. Retrieved January 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "J. W. Heisman New Coach" (PDF). The Thresher. 9 (19). February 19, 1924.
^ Jump up to: a b "Heisman". Ricefootball.net. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
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Jump up ^ Pees, Samuel T. "John Heisman, Football Coach". Oil History. Retrieved November 12, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Auburn theatrical legend John Heisman put on, starred in play to save Auburn football – The War Eagle Reader". Thewareaglereader.com. May 30, 2013. Retrieved December 14, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "John William Heisman facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about John William Heisman". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2017-01-18.
Jump up ^ Heisman 2012, p. 111
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Jump up ^ "Gravesite Still Draws Visitors". Associated Press. December 10, 1999. Archived from the original on October 18, 2007. Retrieved September 23, 2007.
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Jump up ^ Heisman 1922, p. 267
Jump up ^ "Hall Names John Heisman". Spartanburg Herald-Journal. May 11, 1978.
Jump up ^ Herbert Reed (November 29, 1913). "Current Athletics". Harper's Weekly. 58: 26.
Jump up ^ "Parts of Heisman Drive to be closed until August".
Jump up ^ "Man prestigious Heisman trophy named after buried in Rhinelander". Chippewa Herald. December 10, 1999. Retrieved November 16, 2015.
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Jump up ^ "Bill Fincher". Atlanta Georgian. 1927.
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Jump up ^ "Froggy Morrison Slated To Return Tech; Bulldogs Driven". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. September 10, 1933. Retrieved June 8, 2008.
Jump up ^ "University School for Boys". [permanent dead link]
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Jump up ^ Woodruff 1928, p. 111
Bibliography[edit]
Blackman, Sam (2001). Clemson: Where the Tigers Play.
Blackman, Sam (2016). If These Walls Could Talk. Triumph Books – via Google Books.
Brandt, Nat (2001). When Oberlin was King of the Gridiron: The Heisman Years. Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-684-5.
Georgia Institute of Technology (2008). Records.
Haney, Travis (2011). Classic Clashes of the Carolina-Clemson Football Rivalry.
Heisman, John M. (2012). Heisman: The Man Behind the Trophy. With Mark Schlaback. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4516-8291-5.
Heisman, John (1922). Principles of Football.
Kordic, Gregory (2007). A Damn Good Yankee: Xen Scott and the Rise of the Crimson Tide. Bloomington, Indiana: AuthorHouse. ISBN 978-1-4259-6018-6. Retrieved January 1, 2014.
Magee, Mary (2012). Red, Third Edition. Beyond Football: The Legacy of Coach Jimmy 'Red' Parker. Tate Publishing & Enterprises. ISBN 978-1-62024-962-8.
McCarty, Bernie (May 1988). "Georgia Tech's 1917 backfield, better than the Four Horsemen: Part 2" (PDF). College Football Historical Society Newsletter. 1 (4). Archived (PDF) from the original on May 2, 2016. Retrieved June 27, 2017.
McMath, Robert C.; Ronald H. Bayor; James E. Brittain; Lawrence Foster; August W. Giebelhaus; Germaine M. Reed. Engineering the New South: Georgia Tech 1885–1985. University of Georgia Press. ISBN 978-0-8203-0784-8.
Pope, Edwin (1955). Football's Greatest Coaches. Retrieved March 8, 2015 – via archive.org.
Powers, Francis J. (1969). Life Story of Glen S. (Pop) Warner, Gridiron's Greatest Strategist. Chicago, IL: The Athletic Institute.
Rielly, Edward J. (2009). Football: An Encyclopedia of Popular Culture. U of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-2630-6.
Riley, Helene M. (2002). Clemson University.
Schafer, Elizabeth D. (2004). Auburn Football. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-1669-1.
Umphlett, Wiley Lee (1992). Creating the Big Game: John W. Heisman and the Invention of American Football. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-28404-5.
University of Tennessee (2012). Records (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04.
Wilder, Robert E. Gridiron Glory Days: Football at Mercer, 1892–1942. Mercer University Press.
Woodbery, Evan (2012). 100 Things Auburn Fans Should Know and Do Before They Die. Triumph Books. ISBN 978-1-62368-073-2.
Woodruff, Fuzzy (1928). A History of Southern Football 1890–1928. 1.
Woodruff, Fuzzy (1928). A History of Southern Football 1890–1928. 2.
External links[edit]
Georgia Tech football profile
John Heisman at the College Football Hall of Fame
John Heisman at the New Georgia Encyclopedia
John W. Heisman: Innovator of the Game at the Heisman Trophy website
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Forest Firestone (1902)
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No coach (1890–1893)
John Heisman (1894)
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J. J. Clark # (1892)
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S. W. Black (1899)
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Frank Piekarski (1905–1907)
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Rice Owls athletic directors
Phillip Arbuckle (1912–1924)
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Jess Neely (1940–1967)
Bo Hagan (1967–1970)
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Jerry Berndt (1986–1988)
Bobby May (1989–2006)
Chris Del Conte (2006–2009)
David Sayler # (2009–2010)
Rick Greenspan (2010–2013)
Joe Karlgaard (2013– )
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Phillip Arbuckle (1912–1917)
John Anderson (1918)
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John Heisman (1924–1927)
Claude Rothgeb (1928)
Jack Meagher (1929–1933)
James Kitts (1934–1939)
Jess Neely (1940–1966)
Bo Hagan (1967–1970)
Bill Peterson (1971)
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Homer Rice (1976–1977)
Ray Alborn (1978–1983)
Watson Brown (1984–1985)
Jerry Berndt (1986–1988)
Fred Goldsmith (1989–1993)
Ken Hatfield (1994–2005)
Todd Graham (2006)
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Head coach: John Heisman
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Georgia Tech

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German people

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Pudge Heffelfinger

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Native Hawaiian

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Center (American football)

values: Portrait of Heisman in his mid- to late twenties at Auburn University

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Offside (gridiron football)

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Penalty (American football)

values: Portrait of Heisman at Clemson University, 1901

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S. D. Crawford

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Columbia, SC

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Carolina–Clemson rivalry

values: Heisman at center of 1909 Georgia Tech football team picture, wearing a hat and glasses

values: 1904 University of Florida Blue and White football team

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values: 1906 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team

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William Alexander (coach)

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Grant Field

values: 1913 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team

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Atlanta, Georgia

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/wiki/Cumberland_Bulldogs_football
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Cumberland Bulldogs football

values: 1916 Cumberland vs. Georgia Tech football game

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values: Edit section: Penn and Washington & Jefferson

values: 1923 West Virginia Mountaineers football team

values: 1904 Florida State College football team

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James Kitts

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