text:
Prime Minister of Indonesia
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Prime Minister of Indonesia
National Emblem of Indonesia
Sutan Sjahrir, first Prime Minister of Indonesia
Appointer
President
Precursor
None
Formation
14 November 1945
First holder
Sutan Sjahrir
Final holder
Raden Djuanda Kartawidjaja (official)
Sukarno (unofficial)
Abolished
9 July 1959 (Constitutional basis revoked)
25 July 1966 (Resignation of Sukarno)
Succession
None
Indonesia, in its various incarnations, had the position of Prime Minister (Indonesian: Perdana Menteri Republik Indonesia) from 1945 until 1966. During this period, the Prime Minister was in charge of the Cabinet of Indonesia, one of the three branches of government along with the Central Indonesian National Committee and the President. Following his 1959 decree, President Sukarno assumed the role and powers of Prime Minister until his resignation in 1966.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Key
3 List of Prime Ministers of Indonesia
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Background[edit]
The 1945 Constitution of Indonesia states that Indonesia is built around a presidential system; as such, there were no constitutional provisions for a Prime Minister. Nevertheless, beginning in 1945 a Prime Minister was chosen to head the Cabinet.[1] The position of Prime Minister was subsequently guaranteed by Article 52 of the Provisional Constitution of 1950.[2]
The Prime Minister, chosen by the President, was tasked with handling routine government business and being in charge of the Cabinet, responsible to the President and Vice President.[1]
In practice, the Prime Minister was responsible to the Working Body of the Central Indonesian National Committee (Indonesian: Komite Nasional Indonesia Pusat, or KNIP) and had to consult the President before making any major decisions. If the Prime Minister came into conflict with the KNIP or President, another could be chosen.[3]
Due to the instability of the coalition Cabinets, Prime Ministers often faced votes of no confidence. Every major policy change had a chance to be opposed, either by the government or opposition. As such, some Cabinets lasted only a few months.[4]
On 5 July 1959, Sukarno issued a Presidential Decree declaring that, due to the inability of the Konstituante to reach a two-thirds majority, the 1945 Constitution would be reinstated; this removed the constitutional foundation for the office of Prime Minister. However, on 9 July of that same year, Sukarno took on the title of Prime Minister in addition to the Presidency;[5] later using the phrase "I am President and Prime Minister" as a dominant message in his speeches.[6] After the abortive coup against the government in 1965 and the release of a document transferring all political power to Suharto, Sukarno lost the title of Prime Minister together with the Presidency.[7]
Key[edit]
Non-partisan
Socialist Party
Masyumi Party
Indonesian National Party
List of Prime Ministers of Indonesia[edit]
№
Portrait
Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of Office
Political Party
President(s)
1
Sutan Sjahrir
(1909–1966) 14 November 1945 3 July 1947 Socialist Party
Sukarno
2
Amir Sjarifuddin
(1907–1948) 3 July 1947 29 January 1948 Socialist Party
3
Dr. Mohammad Hatta
(1902–1980)[8] 29 January 1948 5 September 1950 Non-partisan
—
Susanto Tirtoprodjo
(1900–1969)
(Acting) 29 January 1948 16 January 1950 Non-partisan
4
Abdul Halim
(1911–1988) 16 January 1950 5 September 1950 Non-partisan
5
Mohammad Natsir
(1908–1993) 5 September 1950 26 April 1951 Masyumi Party
6
Soekiman Wirjosandjojo
(1898–1974) 26 April 1951 1 April 1952 Masyumi Party
7
Wilopo
(1908–1981) 1 April 1952 30 July 1953 Indonesian National Party
8
Ali Sastroamidjojo
(1903–1976) 30 July 1953 11 August 1955 Indonesian National Party
9
Burhanuddin Harahap
(1917–1987) 11 August 1955 20 March 1956 Masyumi Party
(8)
Ali Sastroamidjojo
(1903–1976) 20 March 1956 9 April 1957 Indonesian National Party
10
Djuanda Kartawidjaja
(1911–1963) 9 April 1957 9 July 1959 Non-partisan
11
Sukarno
(1901–1970)[9] 9 July 1959 25 July 1966 Non-partisan
See also[edit]
Politics portal
Indonesia portal
List of Presidents of Indonesia
List of Vice Presidents of Indonesia
Elections in Indonesia
Politics of Indonesia
References[edit]
Footnotes
^ Jump up to: a b Abdullah 2009, p. 129
Jump up ^ "Undang-Undang Republik Serikat Nomor 7 Tahun 1950 tentang Perubahan Konstitusi Sementara Republik Indonesia Serika Mendjadi Undang-Undang Dasar Sementara Republik Indonesia" [Law of the United Republic Number 7 of the Year 1950 regarding the Change of the Provisional Constitution of the United Republic of Indonesia to Become the Basic Laws of the Indonesian Republic] (PDF) (in Indonesian). Government of Indonesia. 15 August 1950. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
Jump up ^ Abdullah 2009, p. 130
Jump up ^ Abudllah 2009, p. 245
Jump up ^ Ricklefs 2001, p. 322
Jump up ^ Abdullah 2009, p. 347
Jump up ^ Ricklefs 2001, p. 351
Jump up ^ Dutch prisoner from 19 December 1948 to 13 July 1949
Jump up ^ President, self-appointed as Prime Minister
Bibliography
Abdullah, Taufik (2009). Indonesia: Towards Democracy. Singapore: Institute of South-East Asian Studies. ISBN 981-230-365-0. OCLC 646982290. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
Ricklefs, M. C. (2001). A History of Modern Indonesia since c. 1200 (3rd ed.). Hampshire, England: Palgrave. ISBN 0-333-24380-3. OCLC 49030264. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
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text:
Dodecagon
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Regular dodecagon
A regular dodecagon
Type
Regular polygon
Edges and vertices
12
Schläfli symbol
{12}, t{6}, tt{3}
Coxeter diagram

Symmetry group
Dihedral (D12), order 2×12
Internal angle (degrees)
150°
Dual polygon
Self
Properties
Convex, cyclic, equilateral, isogonal, isotoxal
In geometry, a dodecagon or 12-gon is any twelve-sided polygon.
Contents
1 Regular dodecagon
1.1 Area
1.2 Perimeter
2 Dodecagon construction
3 Dissection
4 Symmetry
5 Occurrence
5.1 Tiling
6 Skew dodecagon
6.1 Petrie polygons
7 Related figures
8 Examples in use
9 See also
10 Notes
11 External links
Regular dodecagon[edit]
A regular dodecagon is a figure with sides of the same length and internal angles of the same size. It has twelve lines of reflective symmetry and rotational symmetry of order 12. A regular dodecagon is represented by the Schläfli symbol {12} and can be constructed as a truncated hexagon, t{6}, or a twice-truncated triangle, tt{3}. The internal angle at each vertex of a regular dodecagon is 150°.
Area[edit]
The area of a regular dodecagon of side length a is given by:
A = 3 cot  ( π 12 ) a 2 = 3 ( 2 + 3 ) a 2 ≃ 11.19615242 a 2 {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}A&=3\cot \left({\frac {\pi }{12}}\right)a^{2}=3\left(2+{\sqrt {3}}\right)a^{2}\\&\simeq 11.19615242\,a^{2}\end{aligned}}}
And in terms of the apothem r (see also inscribed figure), the area is:
A = 12 tan  ( π 12 ) r 2 = 12 ( 2 − 3 ) r 2 ≃ 3.2153903 r 2 {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}A&=12\tan \left({\frac {\pi }{12}}\right)r^{2}=12\left(2-{\sqrt {3}}\right)r^{2}\\&\simeq 3.2153903\,r^{2}\end{aligned}}}
In terms of the circumradius R, the area is:[1]
A = 6 sin  ( π 6 ) R 2 = 3 R 2 {\displaystyle A=6\sin \left({\frac {\pi }{6}}\right)R^{2}=3R^{2}}
The span of the dodecagon is the distance between two parallel sides and is equal to twice the apothem. A simple formula for area (given side length and span) is:
A = 3 a S {\displaystyle A=3aS}
This can be verified with the trigonometric relationship:
S = a ( 1 + 2 cos  30 ∘ + 2 cos  60 ∘ ) {\displaystyle S=a(1+2\cos {30^{\circ }}+2\cos {60^{\circ }})}
Perimeter[edit]
The perimeter of a regular dodecagon in terms of circumradius is:[2]
p = 24 R tan  ( π 12 ) = 12 R 2 − 3 ≃ 6.21165708246 R {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}p&=24R\tan \left({\frac {\pi }{12}}\right)=12R{\sqrt {2-{\sqrt {3}}}}\\&\simeq 6.21165708246\,R\end{aligned}}}
The perimeter in terms of apothem is:
p = 24 r tan  ( π 12 ) = 24 r ( 2 − 3 ) ≃ 6.43078061835 r {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}p&=24r\tan \left({\frac {\pi }{12}}\right)=24r(2-{\sqrt {3}})\\&\simeq 6.43078061835\,r\end{aligned}}}
This coefficient is double the coefficient found in the apothem equation for area.[3]
Dodecagon construction[edit]
As 12 = 22 × 3, regular dodecagon is constructible using compass-and-straightedge construction:
Construction of a regular dodecagon at a given circumcircle
Construction of a regular dodecagon
at a given side length, animation. (The construction is very similar to that of octagon at a given side length.)
Dissection[edit]
12-cube
60 rhomb dissection
Isotoxal dodecagon
Coxeter states that every zonogon (a 2m-gon whose opposite sides are parallel and of equal length) can be dissected into m(m-1)/2 parallelograms.[4] In particular this is true for regular polygons with evenly many sides, in which case the parallelograms are all rhombi. For the regular dodecagon, m=6, and it can be divided into 15: 3 squares, 6 wide 30° rhombs and 6 narrow 15° rhombs. This decomposition is based on a Petrie polygon projection of a 6-cube, with 15 of 240 faces. The sequence OEIS sequence A006245 defines the number of solutions as 908, including up to 12-fold rotations and chiral forms in reflection.
Dissection into 15 rhombs

6-cube
One of the ways the mathematical manipulative pattern blocks are used is in creating a number of different dodecagons.[5] They are related to the rhombic dissections, with 3 60° rhombi merged into hexagons, half-hexagon trapezoids, or divided into 2 equilateral triangles.
Other dissections
Regular
pattern blocks
Symmetry[edit]
The symmetries of a regular dodecagon as shown with colors on edges and vertices. John Conway labels these lower symmetries with a letter and order of the symmetry follows the letter. He gives d (diagonal) with mirror lines through vertices, p with mirror lines through edges (perpendicular), i with mirror lines through both vertices and edges, and g for rotational symmetry. a1 labels no symmetry. These lower symmetries allows degrees of freedoms in defining irregular dodecagons.[6]
The regular dodecagon has Dih12 symmetry, order 24. There are 15 distinct subgroup dihedral and cyclic symmetries. Each subgroup symmetry allows one or more degrees of freedom for irregular forms. Only the g12 subgroup has no degrees of freedom but can seen as directed edges.
showExample dodecagons by symmetry

r24

d12

g12

p12

i8

d6

g6

p6

d4

g4

p4

g3

d2

g2

p2

a1
Occurrence[edit]
Tiling[edit]
A regular dodecagon can fill a plane vertex with other regular polygons in 4 ways:
3.12.12
4.6.12
3.3.4.12
3.4.3.12
Here are 3 example periodic plane tilings that use regular dodecagons, defined by their vertex configuration:
1-uniform
2-uniform

3.12.12
4.6.12
3.12.12; 3.4.3.12
Skew dodecagon[edit]
A regular skew dodecagon seen as zig-zagging edges of a hexagonal antiprism.
A skew dodecagon is a skew polygon with 12 vertices and edges but not existing on the same plane. The interior of such an dodecagon is not generally defined. A skew zig-zag dodecagon has vertices alternating between two parallel planes.
A regular skew dodecagon is vertex-transitive with equal edge lengths. In 3-dimensions it will be a zig-zag skew dodecagon and can be seen in the vertices and side edges of a hexagonal antiprism with the same D5d, [2+,10] symmetry, order 20. The dodecagrammic antiprism, s{2,24/5} and dodecagrammic crossed-antiprism, s{2,24/7} also have regular skew dodecagons.
Petrie polygons[edit]
The regular dodecagon is the Petrie polygon for many higher-dimensional polytopes, seen as orthogonal projections in Coxeter planes. Examples in 4 dimensionare the 24-cell, snub 24-cell, 6-6 duoprism, 6-6 duopyramid. In 6 dimensions 6-cube, 6-orthoplex, 221, 122. It is also the Petrie polygon for the grand 120-cell and great stellated 120-cell.
showRegular skew dodecagons in higher dimensions
E6
F4
2G2 (4D)

221
122
24-cell
Snub 24-cell
6-6 duopyramid
6-6 duoprism
A11
D7
B6

11-simplex
(411)
141
6-orthoplex
6-cube
Related figures[edit]
A dodecagram is a 12-sided star polygon, represented by symbol {12/n}. There is one regular star polygon: {12/5}, using the same vertices, but connecting every fifth point. There are also three compounds: {12/2} is reduced to 2{6} as two hexagons, and {12/3} is reduced to 3{4} as three squares, {12/4} is reduced to 4{3} as four triangles, and {12/6} is reduced to 6{2} as six degenerate digons.
showStars and compounds
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Polygon
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{12/1} = {12}
{12/2} or 2{6}
{12/3} or 3{4}
{12/4} or 4{3}
{12/5}
{12/6} or 6{2}
Deeper truncations of the regular dodecagon and dodecagrams can produce isogonal (vertex-transitive) intermediate star polygon forms with equal spaced vertices and two edge lengths. A truncated hexagon is a dodecagon, t{6}={12}. A quasitruncated hexagon, inverted as {6/5}, is a dodecagram: t{6/5}={12/5}.[7]
showVertex-transitive truncations of the hexagon
Quasiregular
Isogonal
Quasiregular

t{6}={12}
t{6/5}={12/5}
Examples in use[edit]
In block capitals, the letters E, H and X (and I in a slab serif font) have dodecagonal outlines. A cross is a dodecagon, as is the logo for the Chevrolet automobile division.
The Vera Cruz church in Segovia
The regular dodecagon features prominently in many buildings. The Torre del Oro is a dodecagonal military watchtower in Seville, southern Spain, built by the Almohad dynasty. The early thirteenth century Vera Cruz church in Segovia, Spain is dodecagonal. Another example is the Porta di Venere (Venus' Gate), in Spello, Italy, built in the 1st century BC has two dodecagonal towers, called "Propertius' Towers".
A 1942 British threepence, reverse
Regular dodecagonal coins include:
British threepenny bit from 1937 to 1971, when it ceased to be legal tender.
British One Pound Coin, introduced in 2017.
Australian 50-cent coin
Fijian 50 cents
Tongan 50-seniti, since 1974
Solomon Islands 50 cents
Croatian 25 kuna
Romanian 5000 lei, 2001–2005
Canadian penny, 1982–1996
South Vietnamese 20 đồng, 1968–1975
Zambian 50 ngwee, 1969–1992
Malawian 50 tambala, 1986–1995
Mexican 20 centavos, 1992-2009
In the Philippines, in local carnivals (peryahan), ferris wheels usually with 12 seats or gondolas
See also[edit]
Dodecagonal number
Dodecahedron – a regular polyhedron with 12 pentagonal faces.
Dodecagram
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ See also Kürschák's geometric proof on the Wolfram Demonstration Project
Jump up ^ Plane Geometry: Experiment, Classification, Discovery, Application by Clarence Addison Willis B., (1922) Blakiston's Son & Company, p. 249 [1]
Jump up ^ Elements of geometry by John Playfair, William Wallace, John Davidsons, (1814) Bell & Bradfute, p. 243 [2]
Jump up ^ Coxeter, Mathematical recreations and Essays, Thirteenth edition, p.141
Jump up ^ "Doin' Da' Dodeca'" on mathforum.org
Jump up ^ John H. Conway, Heidi Burgiel, Chaim Goodman-Strauss, (2008) The Symmetries of Things, ISBN 978-1-56881-220-5 (Chapter 20, Generalized Schaefli symbols, Types of symmetry of a polygon pp. 275-278)
Jump up ^ The Lighter Side of Mathematics: Proceedings of the Eugène Strens Memorial Conference on Recreational Mathematics and its History, (1994), Metamorphoses of polygons, Branko Grünbaum
External links[edit]
Weisstein, Eric W. "Dodecagon". MathWorld.
Kürschak's Tile and Theorem
Definition and properties of a dodecagon With interactive animation
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(selected)
Icosidigon (22)
Icositetragon (24)
Icosihexagon (26)
Icosioctagon (28)
Triacontagon (30)
Triacontadigon (32)
Triacontatetragon (34)
Tetracontagon (40)
Tetracontadigon (42)
Tetracontaoctagon (48)
Pentacontagon (50)
Hexacontagon (60)
Hexacontatetragon (64)
Heptacontagon (70)
Octacontagon (80)
Enneacontagon (90)
Enneacontahexagon (96)
Hectogon (100)
>100 sides
120-gon
257-gon
360-gon
Chiliagon (1,000)
Myriagon (10,000)
65537-gon
Megagon (1,000,000)
Apeirogon (∞)
Star polygons
(5–12 sides)
Pentagram
Hexagram
Heptagram
Octagram
Enneagram
Decagram
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Dodecagram
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text:
Thanksgivukkah
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Thanksgivukkah is a holiday name portmanteau neologism given to the convergence of the American holiday of Thanksgiving and the first day (and second night) of the Jewish holiday of Hanukkah on Thursday, November 28, 2013.[1][2][3] It was the result of a rare coincidence between the lunisolar Hebrew calendar (whose dates reflect both the moon phase and the time of the solar year, and which can have between 353 and 385 days per year) and the Gregorian calendar.[4][5][6][7] Because the calendars are not calculated the same way, Hanukkah appears at a different time each year on the Gregorian calendar.[8][9]
The term "Thanksgivukkah" was trademarked by Dana Gitell, a Boston-area resident who, along with her sister-in-law, Deborah Gitell, created a Facebook page and a Twitter account devoted to the phenomenon and bought the URL.[10][11] Boston Magazine reported that the idea was popular all over the U.S.[11]
There has been some disagreement about the name: the Manischewitz company, the country’s top producer of kosher food, has spelled the dual-holiday with one fewer "k" towards the end, as “Thanksgivukah”;[12] and Israeli newspaper Haaretz posed the question: "Why 'Thanksgivukkah'? Why not 'Chanksgiving?'".[13] Haaretz points to a clip from The O.C., the source of the portmanteau "Chrismukkah", as the basis of the "Thanksgivukkah" portmanteau.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Celebrations
3 Food
4 Products and shopping
5 Similarities between Thanksgiving and Hanukkah
6 Similar holidays
7 See also
8 References
History[edit]
Thanksgiving Day fell during Hanukkah at least twice between 1863 (when Thanksgiving was proclaimed a U.S. federal holiday by President Abraham Lincoln) and 2013: in 1888 Thanksgiving was the first day of Hanukkah, and in 1899 it was the fourth day.[14][15] The 1888 coincidence of Thanksgiving and Hanukkah attracted some media attention at the time, with the New York Herald reporting on joint Thanksgiving–Hanukkah services held in "various synagogues" and a sermon given by Rabbi Frederick de Sola Mendes.[16]
Thanksgiving occurred later in 1888 and 1899 than is possible under current U.S. law: as a result of changes between 1939 and 1941, Thanksgiving is always held on the fourth Thursday in November. The last time the fourth Thursday of November fell within Hanukkah before 2013 was in 1861, before Thanksgiving existed.[17] As a result of this confusion, some media reports have mistakenly claimed that Thanksgivukkah had never occurred prior to 2013.[18][19][20]
Because the Gregorian and Jewish calendars have slightly different average year lengths, over time they drift out of sync with each other. As a result of this, the first day of Hanukkah will not precede or coincide with Thanksgiving Day again in the foreseeable future. (One physicist has calculated that, if the Jewish calendar is not revised, Thursday, November 28 will not fall during Hanukkah again until the year 79811, once it has drifted all the way around the cycle of the Gregorian calendar and back to November. Many media sources have reported this "tongue-in-cheek" calculation as a serious estimate of the date of the next Thanksgivukkah.)[14][21][22][23][24][25][26] However, since the Jewish day does not begin at midnight, but on the sunset before it, there will be two more years in which Hanukkah and Thanksgiving partially overlap, with the first night of Hanukkah beginning in the evening of Thanksgiving. These will be the evenings of Thursday, November 27, 2070 and Thursday, November 28, 2165.[14][27][28] (The most recent such year was 1918.)[29]
Celebrations[edit]
Menurkey and sweet potato latkes for Thanksgivukkah
Mayor Thomas Menino of Boston said he would proclaim November 28, 2013, “Thanksgivukkah,” saying through a spokeswoman: "This is a big deal, a once-in-a-lifetime event.”[30] Massachusetts State Representative Louis Kafka and local rabbi David Paskin planned to host a gathering close to Thanksgivukkah, that will include a turkey-shaped menorah to give to fellow representatives to put in the Massachusetts State House.[11] U.S. President Barack Obama gave a speech likening the struggles of the Maccabees to those of the Pilgrims.[31]
Macy's included a giant dreidel in its Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York City.[4] The Dirty Sock Funtime Band wrote a song, "Hannukah, O Hannukah (Introducing the Menurkey!)", and included it in a show in New York City.[32] A rabbi in Mineola, Long Island, granted a pardon to a kosher turkey in honor of Thanksgivukkah.[12]
A Los Angeles-based festival co-produced by Deborah Gitell and singer/songwriter Craig Taubman was held on November 29, 2013, at the Pico Union building, featuring the Moshav Band and hip hop rapper Kosha Dillz.[33][34] The festival was funded by a campaign on crowdfunding platform Jewcer.[35] The Beth Tfiloh Congregation in Pikesville, Maryland, set off fireworks to celebrate Thanksgivukkah.[36]
President Obama recognized Thanksgivukkah at the official White House Hanukkah reception on December 5, singling out Menurkey-creator Asher Weintraub as well as Dana and Deborah Gitell for coining the phrase "Thanksgivukkah".[37]
Outside the United States, in London, England, the Saatchi Shul hosted a Thanksgivukka Friday night dinner.[38] In Tel Aviv, Israel, Nefesh B'Nefesh co-hosted a Thanksgivukka Friday night dinner and clothing drive.[38]
There have been parodies of it, by satirist Stephen Colbert and by satire news program Dish Nation.[7][34] Comedian Yisrael Campbell starred in a fake movie trailer for a horror movie titled Happy Thanksgivukkah, where a gentile family's thanksgiving dinner is invaded by a large Jewish family celebrating Hannukah.[39]
There has been opposition to the holiday on the ground that the syncretism trivializes both festivals.[40] An Anti-Thanksgivukkah anthem was featured in Heeb Magazine and subsequently in The Jewish Daily Forward.[41][42]
Food[edit]
Chopped liver made by sautéing turkey liver and onions in turkey schmaltz, then chopping in a wooden bowl with hard-boiled egg, served with crackers
Numerous suggestions were publicly made for combinations of traditional dishes of both holidays. Buzzfeed posted "How to Celebrate Thanksgivukkah, the Best Holiday of All Time," with recipes for Manischewitz-brined turkey with challah apple stuffing and latkes with cranberry applesauce.[13][43] Others focused on sweet potato latkes, latke-crusted turkey cutlets, stuffing a turkey with challah bread, pecan pie rugelach, turkey doughnuts, pumpkin kugel, sufganiyot filled or topped with a sweet cranberry or apple compote or canned pumpkin, and sweet potato, prune and carrot tzimmes.[44][45][46][47][48][49]
Lower Manhattan restaurant Kutsher’s Tribeca announced that it would serve a three-course Thanksgivukkah dinner, including sweet potato latkes topped with melted marshmallows.[12][19] The Manischewitz company launched a multimillion-dollar multimedia campaign in support of the holiday.[12]
Chicago chef and 2013 Kosherfest honoree Laura Frankel, Executive Chef at Spertus Institute for Jewish Learning and Leadership, curated a menu of Thanksgivukkah dishes that included culinary hyrbids like pumpkin-spice latkes and turkey schnitzel with thyme and orange zest.[50]
Products and shopping[edit]
Thanksgivukkah was characterized by products promoted on and sold online. Funds of over $48,000 to produce a turkey-shaped menorah, dubbed a "menurkey," were raised by nine-year-old Asher Weintraub in Manhattan, New York, via a Kickstarter campaign.[51][52][53][54][55][56] A crafter in Seattle, Washington, created another Thanksgiving-inspired menorah after she saw a camel menorah and decided she needed a "Turkorah".[5] Some suggested that the holiday shopping season would be impacted by the convergence, and that retailers might have earlier holiday promotions.[57][58] A Thanksgivukkah pop-up store opened in Atlanta, and the Manischewitz company produced a line of products for this day.[59]
Similarities between Thanksgiving and Hanukkah[edit]
While the imagery and products surrounding the day were light-hearted, advocates contended it had a broader significance resonant with American democracy. “There are amazing similarities between the Pilgrims’ quest for religious freedom and what the Maccabees were fighting for,” one advocate told the New York Daily News, referring to the Hanukkah story of Judah Maccabee, who led the Hebrews’ fight for freedom from and military victory over the Greeks in the 2nd century BC.[51] “This a great opportunity for Jewish Americans to celebrate this country and for everyone to acknowledge the greatness of our shared religious freedoms.”[19] In 1888, the New York Herald wrote that "The two festivals merged well together," describing Hanukkah as "a thanksgiving festival for deliverance from… tyranny".[16] A "Thanksgivukkah Manifesto" has been penned, claiming that it is the ideal holiday for increasingly secular American Jews.[60]
Additionally, some have claimed that both Hanukkah[61] and Thanksgiving[62] have roots in the Jewish harvest festival of Sukkot.[17]
Similar holidays[edit]
Chrismukkah is a portmanteau neologism referring to the merging of the holidays of Christianity's Christmas and Judaism's Hanukkah. The term was popularized by the TV drama The O.C. Chrismukkah is also celebrated as an ironic, alternative holiday.[63] Similar neologisms such as Chrismahanukwanzakah[64] and HanuKwanzMas[65] blend Christmas, Hanukkah, and Kwanzaa. In "A Kosher Christmas: 'Tis the Season to Be Jewish" (Rutgers University Press, 2012), author Rabbi Joshua Eli Plaut discusses the phenomenon of hybrid Jewish holidays such as Chrismukkah during the December holiday season in the US, and the Americanization of Hanukkah and the holiday season for Jews.[66][67]
See also[edit]
Deeparaya, a name for the combined Deepavali and Hari Raya festivals which are traditionally celebrated by Hindus and Muslims respectively in Malaysia and Singapore
Kongsi Raya, a Malaysian portmanteau denoting the Chinese New Year and Hari Raya festivals
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Christine Byrne (October 2, 2013). "How To Celebrate Thanksgivukkah, The Best Holiday Of All Time". Buzzfeed. Retrieved October 10, 2013.
Jump up ^ Stu Bykofsky (October 22, 2012). "Thanks for Thanukkah!". Philadelphia Daily News. Retrieved October 11, 2013.
Jump up ^ אלכס דורון וצביקה קליין (October 11, 2013). "אירוע נדיר: חנוכה וחג ההודיה מתאחדים" (in Hebrew). Maariv. Retrieved October 11, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Katy Steinmetz (November 1, 2013). "What Is Thanksgivukkah?". TIME. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Vicki Hyman (October 14, 2013). "Thanksgivukkah: New traditions for a Thanksgiving nosh". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ Molly Parr (September 30, 2013). "Four Questions with Jonathan Mizrahi, Jewish Calendar Math Whiz | Thanksgivukkah". Thanksgivukkahboston.com. Retrieved October 10, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "WATCH: Stephen Colbert laments Thanksgivukkah". Haaretz. March 6, 2013. Retrieved October 11, 2013.
Jump up ^ Ben Popken (September 19, 2013). "Chanukah and Thanksgiving mash-up to create 'Thanksgivukkah'". TODAY. Retrieved October 11, 2013.
Jump up ^ Sharyn Jackson (March 11, 2013). "Thanksgivukkah pulls a chair up to the table". USA Today. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ Molly Parr (September 30, 2013). "Four Questions with Dana Gitell, Creator of Thanksgivukkah.com". Thanksgivukkahboston.com. Retrieved October 10, 2013.
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^ Jump up to: a b c Justin Silverman (October 1, 2013). "When Chanukah and Thanksgiving fall on the same day, it's "Thanksgivukkah"". New York Daily News. Retrieved October 29, 2013.
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Jump up ^ "Dirty Sock Funtime Band to Perform Nov. 10 in New York City for Album Release & Thanksgivukkah Season Show". Broadway World. October 16, 2013. Retrieved October 18, 2013.
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^ Jump up to: a b Shmulovich, Michal (February 23, 2011). "Thanksgivukkah: Watch, eat, groan". The Times of Israel. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
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Jump up ^ Shamah, David (November 10, 2013). "The horror of Thanksgivukkah". The Times of Israel. Retrieved November 16, 2013.
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Jump up ^ Nussbaum, Debra (October 13, 2014). "From menurkeys to T-shirts, Thanksgivukkah generates big bucks". Haaretz. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
Jump up ^ Kim Bhasin (October 11, 2013). "Get Ready For A Freaky-Deaky, Deal-Filled, Super-Early Holiday Shopping Frenzy". Huffington Post. Retrieved October 11, 2013.
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