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Petal
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For other uses, see Petal (disambiguation).
Diagram showing the parts of a mature flower. In this example the perianth is separated into a calyx (sepals) and corolla (petals)
Petals are modified leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. Together, all of the petals of a flower are called a corolla. Petals are usually accompanied by another set of special leaves called sepals, that collectively form the calyx and lie just beneath the corolla. The calyx and the corolla together make up the perianth. When the petals and sepals of a flower are difficult to distinguish, they are collectively called tepals. Examples of plants in which the term tepal is appropriate include genera such as Aloe and Tulipa. Conversely, genera such as Rosa and Phaseolus have well-distinguished sepals and petals. When the undifferentiated tepals resemble petals, they are referred to as "petaloid", as in petaloid monocots, orders of monocots with brightly coloured tepals. Since they include Liliales, an alternative name is lilioid monocots.
Although petals are usually the most conspicuous parts of animal-pollinated flowers, wind-pollinated species, such as the grasses, either have very small petals or lack them entirely.
Tetrameric flower of a Primrose willowherb (Ludwigia octovalvis) showing petals and sepals
Contents
[hide]
1 Corolla
2 Variations
3 Genetics
4 Significance of pollination
5 Functions and purposes
5.1 Function
5.2 Scent
5.3 Colour
5.4 Shape and size
6 Types of pollination
6.1 Wind pollination
6.2 Attracting insects
6.3 Attracting birds
6.4 Bat-pollinated flowers
7 References
8 Bibliography
Corolla[edit]
Corolla forming a tube with long points (and a separate green calyx tube)
The role of the corolla in plant evolution has been studied extensively since Charles Darwin postulated a theory of the origin of elongated corollae and corolla tubes.[1]
A corolla of separate tepals is apopetalous. If the petals are free from one another in the corolla, the plant is polypetalous or choripetalous; while if the petals are at least partially fused together, it is gamopetalous or sympetalous. In the case of fused tepals, the term is syntepalous. The corolla in some plants forms a tube.
Variations[edit]
Pelargonium peltatum: its floral structure is almost identical to that of geraniums, but it is conspicuously zygomorphic
Geranium incanum, with an actinomorphic flower typical of the genus
White pea, a zygomorphic flower
Narcissus pseudonarcissus, showing from the bend to the tip of the flower: spathe, floral cup, tepals, corona
Petals can differ dramatically in different species. The number of petals in a flower may hold clues to a plant's classification. For example, flowers on eudicots (the largest group of dicots) most frequently have four or five petals while flowers on monocots have three or six petals, although there are many exceptions to this rule.[2]
The petal whorl or corolla may be either radially or bilaterally symmetrical (see Symmetry in biology and Floral symmetry). If all of the petals are essentially identical in size and shape, the flower is said to be regular or actinomorphic (meaning "ray-formed"). Many flowers are symmetrical in only one plane (i.e., symmetry is bilateral) and are termed irregular or zygomorphic (meaning "yoke-" or "pair-formed"). In irregular flowers, other floral parts may be modified from the regular form, but the petals show the greatest deviation from radial symmetry. Examples of zygomorphic flowers may be seen in orchids and members of the pea family.
In many plants of the aster family such as the sunflower, Helianthus annuus, the circumference of the flower head is composed of ray florets. Each ray floret is anatomically an individual flower with a single large petal. Florets in the centre of the disc typically have no or very reduced petals. In some plants such as Narcissus the lower part of the petals or tepals are fused to form a floral cup (hypanthium) above the ovary, and from which the petals proper extend.[3][4][5]
Petal often consists of two parts: the upper, broad part, similar to leaf blade, also called the blade and the lower part, narrow, similar to leaf petiole, called the claw, separated from each other at the limb. Claws are developed in petals of some flowers of the family Brassicaceae, such as Erysimum cheiri.[6]
The inception and further development of petals shows a great variety of patterns.[7] Petals of different species of plants vary greatly in colour or colour pattern, both in visible light and in ultraviolet. Such patterns often function as guides to pollinators, and are variously known as nectar guides, pollen guides, and floral guides.
Genetics[edit]
The genetics behind the formation of petals, in accordance with the ABC model of flower development, are that sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels are modified versions of each other. It appears that the mechanisms to form petals evolved very few times (perhaps only once), rather than evolving repeatedly from stamens.[8]
Significance of pollination[edit]
Pollination is an important step in the sexual reproduction of higher plants. Pollen is produced by the male flower or by the male organs of hermaphroditic flowers.
Pollen does not move on its own and thus requires wind or animal pollinators to disperse the pollen to the stigma (botany) of the same or nearby flowers. However, pollinators are rather selective in determining the flowers they choose to pollinate. This develops competition between flowers and as a result flowers must provide incentives to appeal to pollinators (unless the flower self-pollinates or is involved in wind pollination). Petals play a major role in competing to attract pollinators. Henceforth pollination dispersal could occur and the survival of many species of flowers could prolong.
Functions and purposes[edit]
Petals have various functions and purposes depending on the type of plant. In general, petals operate to protect some parts of the flower and attract/repel specific pollinators.
Function[edit]
This is where the positioning of the flower petals are located on the flower is the corolla e.g. the buttercup having shiny yellow flower petals which contain guidelines amongst the petals in aiding the pollinator towards the nectar. Pollinators have the ability to determine specific flowers they wish to pollinate.[9] Using incentives flowers draw pollinators and set up a mutual relation between each other in which case the pollinators will remember to always guard and pollinate these flowers (unless incentives are not consistently met and competition prevails).[10]
Scent[edit]
The petals could produce different scents to allure desirable pollinators[citation needed] or repel undesirable pollinators.[citation needed] Some flowers will also mimic the scents produced by materials such as decaying meat, to attract pollinators to them.[11]
Colour[edit]
Various colour traits are used by different petals that could attract pollinators that have poor smelling abilities, or that only come out at certain parts of the day. Some flowers are able to change the colour of their petals as a signal to mutual pollinators to approach or keep away.[12]
Shape and size[edit]
Furthermore, the shape and size of the flower/petals is important in selecting the type of pollinators they need. For example, large petals and flowers will attract pollinators at a large distance or that are large themselves.[12] Collectively the scent, colour and shape of petals all play a role in attracting/repelling specific pollinators and providing suitable conditions for pollinating. Some pollinators include insects, birds, bats and the wind.[12] In some petals, a distinction can be made between a lower narrowed, stalk-like basal part referred to as the claw, and a wider distal part referred to as the blade. Often the claw and blade are at an angle with one another.
Types of pollination[edit]
Wind pollination[edit]
Main article: Anemophily
Wind-pollinated flowers often have small dull petals and produce little or no scent. Some of these flowers will often have no petals at all. Flowers that depend on wind pollination will produce large amounts of pollen because most of the pollen scattered by the wind tends to not reach other flowers.[13]
Attracting insects[edit]
Flowers have various regulatory mechanisms in order to attract insects. One such helpful mechanism is the use of colour guiding marks. Insects such as the bee or butterfly can see the ultraviolet marks which are contained on these flowers, acting as an attractive mechanism which is not visible towards the human eye. Many flowers contain a variety of shapes acting to aid with the landing of the visiting insect and also influence the insect to brush against anthers and stigmas (parts of the flower). One such example of a flower is the pōhutukawa (Metrosideros excelsa) which acts to regulate colour within a different way. The pōhutukawa contains small petals also having bright large red clusters of stamens.[12] Another attractive mechanism for flowers is the use of scent which is highly attractive towards humans such as the rose, but some are very fragrant within attracting flies as they have a smell of rotting meat. Dark is another factor in which flowers have grown to adapt these conditions so colour lacks vision at night therefore scent is the solution for flowers which are pollinated by night flying insects such as the moth.[12]
Attracting birds[edit]
Flowers are also pollinated by birds and must be large and colorful to be visible against natural scenery. Such bird –pollinated native plants include: Kōwhai (Sophora species), flax (Phormium tenax, harakeke) and kākā beak (Clianthus puniceus, kōwhai ngutu-kākā). Interestingly enough, flowers adapt the mechanism on their petals to change colour in acting as a communicative mechanism for the bird to visit. An example is the tree fuchsia (Fuchsia excorticata, kōtukutuku) which are green when needing to be pollinated and turn red for the birds to stop coming and pollinating the flower.[12]
Bat-pollinated flowers[edit]
Flowers can be pollinated by short tailed bats. An example of this is the dactylanthus (Dactylanthus taylorii). This plant has its home under the ground acting the role of a parasite on the roots of forest trees. The dactylanthus has only its flowers pointing to the surface and the flowers lack colour but have the advantage of containing lots of nectar and a very strong scent. These act as a very useful mechanism in attracting the bat.[14]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ L. Anders Nilsson (1988). "The evolution of flowers with deep corolla tubes". Nature. 334 (6178): 147–149. Bibcode:1988Natur.334..147N. doi:10.1038/334147a0.
Jump up ^ Soltis, Pamela S.; Douglas E. Soltis (2004). "The origin and diversification of angiosperms". American Journal of Botany. 91 (10): 1614–1626. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1614. PMID 21652312.
Jump up ^ Simpson 2011, p. 365.
Jump up ^ Foster 2014, Hypanthium.
Jump up ^ Graham, S. W.; Barrett, S. C. H. (1 July 2004). "Phylogenetic reconstruction of the evolution of stylar polymorphisms in Narcissus (Amaryllidaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 91 (7): 1007–1021. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.7.1007. PMID 21653457. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
Jump up ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Flower". Encyclopædia Britannica. 10: Evangelical Church – Francis Joseph I. (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Jump up ^ Sattler, R. 1973. Organogenesis of Flowers. A Photographic Text-Atlas. University of Toronto Press.
Jump up ^ Rasmussen, D. A.; Kramer, E. M.; Zimmer, E. A. (2008). "One size fits all? Molecular evidence for a commonly inherited petal identity program in Ranunculales". American Journal of Botany. 96 (1): 96–109. doi:10.3732/ajb.0800038. PMID 21628178.
Jump up ^ Cares-Suarez, R, Poch, T, Acevedo, R.F, Acosta-Bravo, I, Pimentel, C, Espinoza, C, Cares, R.A, Munoz, P, Gonzalez, A.V, Botto-Mahan, C (2011) Do pollinators respond in a dose-dependent manner to flower herbivory?: An experimental assessment in Loasa tricolor (Loasaceae). Gayana Botanica, Volume 68, Pages 176-181
Jump up ^ Chamberlain S.A; Rudgers J.A (2012). "How do plants balance multiple mutualists? Correlations among traits for attracting protective bodyguards and pollinators in cotton (Gossypium)". Evolutionary Ecology. 26: 65–77. doi:10.1007/s10682-011-9497-3.
Jump up ^ More, M, Cocucci, A.A, Raguso, R.A (2013). "The importance of oligosulfides in the attraction of fly pollinators to the brood-site deceptive species Jaborosa rotacea (Solanaceae)". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 174: 863–876. doi:10.1086/670367. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Science Learning Hub. (2012). The University of Waikato. "Attracting pollinators". Date Retrieved: August 2013. [1]
Jump up ^ Donald R. Whitehead (1969). "Wind Pollination in the Angiosperms: Evolutionary and Environmental Considerations". Evolution. 23 (1): 28–35. doi:10.2307/2406479.
Jump up ^ Physics.org (2012). University of Adelaide. "Flightless parrots, burrowing bats helped parasitic Hades flower". Date Retrieved August 2013. [2]
Bibliography[edit]
Simpson, Michael G. (2011). Plant Systematics. Academic Press. ISBN 0-08-051404-9.
Foster, Tony. "Botany Word of the Day". Phytography. Retrieved 27 November 2014.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Petals.
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A city-state is a sovereign state, also described as a type of small independent country, that usually consists of a single city and its dependent territories. Historically, this included cities such as Rome, Athens, Carthage,[1] and the Italian city-states during the Renaissance. Today only a handful of sovereign city-states exist, with some disagreement as to which are city-states. A great deal of consensus exists that the term properly applies currently to Singapore, Monaco, and Vatican City. City states are also sometimes called micro-states which however also includes other configurations of very small countries.
A number of other small states share similar characteristics, and therefore are sometimes also cited as modern city-states. Namely, Qatar,[2][3] Brunei,[4] Kuwait,[4][2][5] Bahrain,[4][2] and Malta,[6][7][8][9] which each have an urban center comprising a significant proportion of the population, though all have several distinct settlements and a designated or de facto capital city. Occasionally, other small states with high population densities, such as San Marino, are also cited,[4][10][11] despite lacking a large urban centre characteristic of traditional city-states.
Several non-sovereign cities enjoy a high degree of autonomy, and are sometimes considered city-states. Hong Kong and Macau, along with independent members of the United Arab Emirates, most notably Dubai and Abu Dhabi, are often cited as such.[4][10][12]
Contents
[hide]
1 Historical background
1.1 Ancient and medieval world
1.2 Southeast Asia
1.3 17th to 20th century Europe
1.4 20th century cities under international supervision
1.4.1 Danzig
1.4.2 Fiume
1.4.3 Shanghai
1.4.4 Tangier
1.4.5 Memel
1.4.6 Trieste
1.4.7 Jerusalem
2 Modern city-states
2.1 Monaco
2.2 Singapore
2.3 Vatican City
3 Non-sovereign city-states
3.1 Stadtstaaten of Germany
4 See also
5 References
6 Further reading
Historical background[edit]
Ancient and medieval world[edit]
Further information: List of ancient Greek cities, List of Phoenician cities, Cities of the ancient Near East, Italian city-states, Maya city, Polis, and Altepetl
Historical city-states included Sumerian cities such as Uruk and Ur; Ancient Egyptian city-states, such as Thebes and Memphis; the Phoenician cities (such as Tyre and Sidon); the five Philistine city-states; the Berber city-states of the Garamantes; the city-states of ancient Greece (the poleis such as Athens, Sparta, Thebes, and Corinth); the Roman Republic (which grew from a city-state into a great power); the Mayan and other cultures of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica (including cities such as Chichen Itza, Tikal, Copán and Monte Albán); the central Asian cities along the Silk Road; the city-states of the Swahili coast; Venice; Ragusa; states of the medieval Russian lands such as Novgorod and Pskov; and many others. Danish historian Poul Holm has classed the Viking colonial cities in medieval Ireland, most importantly Dublin, as city-states.[13]
The Republic of Ragusa, a maritime city-state, was based in the walled city of Dubrovnik.
In Cyprus, the Phoenician settlement of Kition (in present-day Larnaca) was a city-state that existed from around 800 BC until the end of the 4th century BC.
Some of the most well-known examples of city-state culture in human history are the ancient Greek city-states and the merchant city-states of Renaissance Italy, which organised themselves as small independent centers. The success of small regional units coexisting as autonomous actors in loose geographical and cultural unity, as in Italy and Greece, often prevented their amalgamation into larger national units.[citation needed] However, such small political entities often survived only for short periods because they lacked the resources to defend themselves against incursions by larger states. Thus they inevitably gave way to larger organisations of society, including the empire and the nation-state.[14][need quotation to verify]
Southeast Asia[edit]
In the history of mainland Southeast Asia, aristocratic groups, Buddhist leaders, and others organized settlements into autonomous or semi-autonomous city-states. These were referred to[by whom?] as mueang, and were usually related in a tributary relationship now described[by whom?] as mandala or as over-lapping sovereignty, in which smaller city-states paid tribute to larger ones that paid tribute to still larger ones—until reaching the apex in cities like Ayutthaya, Bagan, Bangkok and others that served as centers of Southeast Asian royalty. The system existed until the 19th century, when colonization by European powers, and Thailand's[Thailand's what?] (then known as Siam) resulted in the adoption[by whom?] of the modern concept of statehood.[15][need quotation to verify][16][17]
17th to 20th century Europe[edit]
The Free imperial cities in the 18th century
In the Holy Roman Empire the Free Imperial Cities enjoyed a considerable autonomy, buttressed legally by international law following the Peace of Westphalia (1648). Some, like the three Hanseatic cities of Bremen, Hamburg and Lübeck, pooled their economic relations with foreign powers and were able to wield considerable diplomatic clout. After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, cities – then members of different confederacies – officially became sovereign city-states – such as the Canton of Basel City (1833–48), the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (1806–11 and again 1813–71), the Free City of Frankfurt upon Main (1815–66), the Canton of Geneva (1813–48), the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (1806–11 and again 1814–71), the Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck (1806–11 and again 1813–71), and the Free City of Kraków (1815–1846). Under Habsburg rule the city of Fiume had the status of a Corpus separatum, which - while falling short of an independent sovereignty - had many attributes of a city state.
A later city-state, though lacking sovereignty, was West Berlin (1948–1990), being a state legally not belonging to any other state, but ruled by the Western Allies. They allowed – notwithstanding their overlordship as occupant powers – its internal organisation as one state simultaneously being a city, officially called Berlin (West). Though West Berlin maintained close ties to the West German Federal Republic of Germany, it was legally never part of it.
20th century cities under international supervision[edit]
Danzig[edit]
Main article: Free City of Danzig
The Free City of Danzig was a semi-autonomous city-state that existed between 1920 and 1939, consisting of the Baltic Sea port of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland) and nearly 200 towns in the surrounding areas. It was created on 15 November 1920[18][19] under the terms of Article 100 (Section XI of Part III) of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles after the end of World War I.
Fiume[edit]
Main article: Free State of Fiume
After a prolonged period where the city of Fiume enjoyed considerable autonomy under Habsburg rule (see Corpus separatum (Fiume), The Free State of Fiume was proclaimed as a fully independent free state which existed between 1920 and 1924. Its territory of 28 km2 (11 sq mi) comprised the city of Fiume (now in Croatia and, since the end of World War II, known as Rijeka) and rural areas to its north, with a corridor to its west connecting it to Italy.
Shanghai[edit]
Main article: Shanghai International Settlement
The Shanghai International Settlement (1845–1943) was an international zone with its own legal system, postal service, and currency.
Tangier[edit]
Main article: Tangier International Zone
Tangier
The Tangier International Zone was a 373 km2 (144 sq mi) international zone centered on the city of Tangier, North Africa under the joint administration of France, Spain, and Britain (later Portugal, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United States), attached to Morocco, then a French-Spanish protectorate from 1923 until 29 October 1956 when it was reintegrated into Morocco.
Memel[edit]
Main article: Klaipėda Region
The Klaipėda Region or Memel Territory was defined by the Treaty of Versailles in 1920 when it was put under the administration of the Council of Ambassadors. The Memel Territory was to remain under the control of the League of Nations until a future day when the people of the region would be allowed to vote on whether the land would return to Germany or not. The then predominantly ethnic German Memel Territory (Prussian Lithuanians and Memellanders constituted the other ethnic groups), situated between the river and the town of that name, was occupied by Lithuania in the Klaipėda Revolt of 1923.
Trieste[edit]
Main article: Free Territory of Trieste
The Free Territory of Trieste was an independent territory situated in Central Europe between northern Italy and Yugoslavia, facing the north part of the Adriatic Sea, under direct responsibility of the United Nations Security Council in the aftermath of World War II, from 1947 to 1954. The UN attempted to make the Free Territory of Trieste into a city state, but it never gained real independence and in 1954 its territory was divided between Italy and Yugoslavia.
Jerusalem[edit]
Main article: Corpus separatum (Jerusalem)
Under the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine of 1947, Mandatory Palestine was to be partitioned into three states: a Jewish state of Israel, an Arab state of Palestine, and a Corpus separatum (Latin for "separated body") consisting of a Jerusalem city-state under the control of United Nations Trusteeship Council. Although the plan had some international support and the UN accepted this proposal (and still officially holds the stance that Jerusalem should be held under this regime), implementation of the plan failed as the 1948 Palestine war broke out with the 1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine, ultimately resulting in Jerusalem being split into West Jerusalem and East Jerusalem. Israel would eventually gain control of East Jerusalem in the Six-Day War in 1967.
Modern city-states[edit]
Monaco[edit]
Main article: Monaco
The Principality of Monaco is an independent city-state. Monaco-Ville (the ancient fortified city) and Monaco's well-known area Monte Carlo are districts of a continuous urban zone, not distinct cities, though they were three separate municipalities (communes) until 1917. The Principality of Monaco and the city of Monaco (each having specific powers) govern the same territory.
Singapore[edit]
Main article: Singapore
Singapore is an island city-state in Southeast Asia. About 5.2 million people live and work within 700 square kilometres (270 sq mi), making Singapore the 2nd-most-densely populated country in the world after Monaco, another city-state. Singapore was part of Malaysia before it was expelled from the Federation in 1965, becoming an independent republic, a city and a sovereign country. The Economist refers to the nation as the "world’s only fully functioning city-state".[20]
Vatican City[edit]
Vatican City, a city-state well known for being the smallest country in the world.
Main article: Vatican City
Until 1870, the city of Rome had been controlled by the pope as part of his Papal States. When King Victor Emmanuel II seized the city in 1870, Pope Pius IX refused to recognize the newly formed Kingdom of Italy. Because he could not travel without effectively acknowledging the authority of the king, Pius IX and his successors each claimed to be a "Prisoner in the Vatican", unable to leave the 0.44 km2 (0.17 sq mi) papal enclave once they had ascended the papal thrones.
The impasse was resolved in 1929 by the Lateran Treaties negotiated by the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini between King Victor Emmanuel III and Pope Pius XI. Under this treaty, the Vatican was recognized as an independent state, with the Pope as its head. The Vatican City State has its own citizenship, diplomatic corps, flag, and postage stamps. With a population of less than 1,000 (mostly clergymen), it is by far the smallest sovereign country in the world.
Non-sovereign city-states[edit]
Hong Kong, the world's most populous city-state.
Some cities or urban areas, while not sovereign states, may nevertheless enjoy such a high degree of autonomy that they function as "city-states" within the context of the sovereign state that they belong to. Historian Mogens Herman Hansen describes this aspect of self-government as: "The city-state is a self-governing, but not necessarily independent political unit."[4]
Ceuta and Melilla (Spain)[21]
Hong Kong and Macau (China)[4]
Gibraltar (United Kingdom)[citation needed]
Washington, D.C.
Stadtstaaten of Germany[edit]
Two cities in Germany, namely Berlin and Hamburg, are considered city-states (German: Stadtstaaten). Additionally, the state of Bremen is often called a city-state although it consists of the two cities of Bremen and Bremerhaven, which are separated by the state of Lower Saxony. Together with thirteen area states (German: Flächenländer) they form the sixteen federal states of Germany.[4]
Generally, the city-states have no other rights or duties than the other states. Through the financial redistribution system of Equalization Payments in Germany (German: Länderfinanzausgleich), they do receive more money because of their demographic characteristics. The city-states are most distinctive due to the names of their state organs: their governments are called Senate, the prime ministers 'mayor' (Governing Mayor in Berlin and First Mayor in Hamburg) or President of the Senate (in Bremen) and also the expressions for their state parliaments differ from the other states.
In the 18th century many German cities were free imperial cities (German: Reichsstädte), without a principality between them and the imperial level. After the Napoleonic era, in 1815, four were still city-states: Hamburg, Bremen and Lübeck in Northern Germany, and Frankfurt where the Federal Convention was located. Frankfurt was incorporated by Prussia in 1866, and Lübeck became a part of Prussia during the national socialist regime in 1937 (Greater Hamburg Law). After 1945, Berlin was a divided city, and the Western part became a quasi German state under (Western) Allied supervision. Since 1990/1991, the reunited Berlin is an ordinary German state among others.
See also[edit]
Altepetl, a Mesoamerican political unit similar to a city state
Pyu city-states
List of fictional city-states in literature
Federal district
Free imperial city
Guanabara
London independence
City network
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "city-state". thefreedictionary.com. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c Parker, Geoffrey. 2005. Sovereign City: The City-state Through History Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Pg. 219
Jump up ^ Roberts, David. 2014. Qatar: Securing the Global Ambitions of a City-state. London: C Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Mogens, Hansen. 2000. "Introduction: The Concepts of City-States and City-State Culture." In A Comparative Study of Thirty City-State Cultures, Copenhagen: Copenhagen Polis Centre. Pg. 19
Jump up ^ El-Katiri, Laura, Bassam Fattouh and Paul Segal. 2011 Anatomy of an oil-based welfare state: rent distribution in Kuwait. Kuwait City: Kuwait Programme on Development, Governance and Globalisation in the Gulf States
Jump up ^ "The emblem of Malta, Department of Information, Official Website of President of Malta". Doi.gov.mt. Archived from the original on 22 October 2013. Retrieved 20 October 2013.
Jump up ^ "This very crowded isle: England is most over-populated country in EU" Archived 25 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine. – Daily Mail
Jump up ^ "''Draft National Strategy for the Cultural and Creative Industries – Creative Malta''". Creativemalta.gov.mt. Archived from the original on 28 July 2013. Retrieved 20 October 2013.
Jump up ^ Malta Archived 7 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine. - European Central Bank
^ Jump up to: a b Parker, Geoffrey. 2005. Sovereign City: The City-state Through History Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Jump up ^ Mogens, Hansen. 2002. A Comparative Study of Six City-State Cultures: An Investigation Pg. 91
Jump up ^ Kotkin, Joel. 2010. "A New Era for the City-State?" In Forbes.
Jump up ^ Holm, Poul, "Viking Dublin and the City-State Concept: Parameters and Significance of the Hiberno-Norse Settlement" (Respondent: Donnchadh Ó Corráin), in Mogens Herman Hansen (ed.), A Comparative Study of Thirty City-State Cultures Archived 21 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine.. Denmark: Special-Trykkeriet Viborg. (University of Copenhagen, Polis Center). 2000. pp. 251–62.
Jump up ^ Sri Aurobindo, "Ideal of Human Unity" included in Social and Political Thought, 1970.
Jump up ^ Scott, James C. (2009). The Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia. Yale agrarian studies. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300156522. Archived from the original on 4 May 2017. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Winichakul, Thongchai. 1997. Siam Mapped: A History of the Geo-Body of a Nation. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press
Jump up ^ Baker, Chris and Pasuk Phongpaichit. 2009. A History of Thailand: 2nd ed. Sydney: Cambridge University Press
Jump up ^ Loew, Peter Oliver (February 2011). Danzig – Biographie einer Stadt (in German). C.H. Beck. p. 189. ISBN 978-3-406-60587-1.
Jump up ^ Samerski, Stefan (2003). Das Bistum Danzig in Lebensbildern (in German). LIT Verlag. p. 8. ISBN 3-8258-6284-4.
Jump up ^ "The Singapore exception". The Economist. 18 July 2015. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Lulat, Y. G.-M. (2015). A History of African Higher Education from Antiquity to the Present. Greenwood Publishing. p. 197. ISBN 9780313320613. Archived from the original on 2 November 2017.
Further reading[edit]
Mogens Herman Hansen (ed.), A comparative study of thirty city-state cultures : an investigation conducted by the Copenhagen Polis Centre, Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, 2000. (Historisk-filosofiske skrifter, 21). ISBN 87-7876-177-8.
Mogens Herman Hansen (ed.), A comparative study of six city-state cultures : an investigation, Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, 2002. (Historisk-filosofiske skrifter, 27). ISBN 87-7876-316-9.
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Flavor of Love (season 2)
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Flavor of Love (season 2)
The cast of Flavor of Love 2
Created by
Cris Abrego
Mark Cronin
Starring
Flavor Flav
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
12
Production
Executive producer(s)
Cris Abrego
Mark Cronin
Ben Samek
Running time
60 minutes (including commercials)
Release
Original network
VH1
Original release
August 6 – October 29, 2006
Chronology
Preceded by
Flavor of Love
Followed by
Flavor of Love 3
I Love New York
Flavor of Love Girls: Charm School
I Love Money
Flavor of Love (season 2) is the second season of the VH1 reality television series entitled Flavor of Love, in which Flavor Flav brings female contestants into his mansion to compete for his love. The second season first aired weekly from August 6, 2006 to October 29, 2006, with a total of twelve episodes.
During the first season reunion, Hoopz announced that her relationship with Flavor Flav was over, saying "It's like that, but it's not like that." When discussing the upcoming season, Flav emphatically told the producers "No more gold diggers!" (referring mainly to Hottie from Season One)
Filming began in May 2006 and consisted of an 11 episode season, with another episode for a reunion show.[1] VH1 uploaded videos of contestant auditions on IFilm and encouraged viewers to rank the contestants.
The show premiered with 3.3 million viewers.[2] The format of the show largely stayed the same as the first season, with the exception of Flav's deliberations with Big Rick as to who he would keep or send home before the actual ceremony; this angle was dropped during the second season. The second series' season finale was the second highest non-sports basic cable program of the year drawing over 7.5 million viewers which is the highest rated show in VH1 history.[3][4]
On November 28, 2006, the complete second season was released onto DVD.
Contents
[hide]
1 Contestants
2 Elimination Order
3 Episodes
3.1 Somethin's Stinkin' in the House of Flav
3.2 Flav is Blind
3.3 She Works Hard for Her Honey
3.4 Jelly on the Telly
3.5 Famous Friends and Strangeness
3.6 Photo Shoot To The Death
3.7 Boxin' Each Other Out
3.8 Steppin' Out Flav Style
3.9 Family Flavors
3.10 Oh No She Didn't!
3.11 Flav Belize In Love
3.12 Reunion: After the Lovin'
4 See also
5 After the show
6 References
Contestants[edit]
Nickname
Real name
Eliminated
Deelishis
Chandra Davis 13 !Winner
New York
Tiffany Pollard[5][6] 11 !Runner-Up**
Krazy
Heather Crawford[7] 09 !Episode 9
Bootz
Larissa Hodge[8] 08 !Episode 8
Buckeey
Shay Johnson[9] 07 !Episode 7
Buckwild
Becky Johnston[8][10] 06 !Episode 6
Nibblz
Domenique Majors[11] 06 !Episode 6
Beatuful
Kelly Jay Jenkins 06 !Episode 6
Like Dat
Darra Boyd 05 !Episode 5
Toasteee
Jennifer Toof[12] 04 !Episode 4
Payshintz
Jasmine Dare 03 !Episode 3
Somethin
Tykeisha Thomas 03 !Episode 3
Tiger
Britney Morano[5][6] 03 !Episode 3
Spunkeey
Maria Dunbar 02 !Episode 2
Wire
Jesselynn Desmond[5][6] 02 !Episode 2
Bamma
Tarasha Lee 01 !Episode 1
Choclate
Ronnise Clark 01 !Episode 1
Hood
Yanay Yancy 01 !Episode 1
H-Town
Renee Austin[7] 01 !Episode 1
Saaphyri*
Saaphyri Windsor 01 !Episode 1
Eye'z
Bonnie Mercado 00 !Episode 1
*Never received a nickname
**Entered Episode 6, Eliminated Episode 11
Elimination Order[edit]
Flav's Call-Out Order
#
Naming
Episodes
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
11
1
Toasteee Buckeey Like Dat Krazy Krazy Bootz Deelishis New York New York Deelishis Deelishis
2
Buckeey Buckwild Krazy Beatuful Deelishis Krazy Bootz Deelishis Deelishis New York New York
3
Wire Krazy Deelishis Like Dat Buckeey Buckeey Buckeey Bootz Krazy Krazy
4
Nibblz Tiger Toasteee Toasteee Beatuful Buckwild Buckwild Krazy Bootz
5
Somethin Payshintz Payshintz Deelishis Bootz Deelishis Krazy Buckeey
6
Hood Nibblz Nibblz Buckwild Buckwild Nibblz Nibblz
7
Eye'z Deelishis Beatuful Nibblz Like Dat Beatuful Beatuful
8
Tiger Wire Buckwild Buckeey Nibblz Like Dat New York
9
Beautful Like Dat Buckeey Bootz Toasteee
10
Bootz Bootz Bootz Payshintz
11
Like Dat Toasteee Tiger Tiger
12
Choclate Beatuful Somethin Somethin
13
Spunkeey Somethin Spunkeey
14
Payshintz Spunkeey Wire
15
Krazy Bamma
16
Buckwild Choclate
17
H-Town H-Town
18
Bamma Hood
19
Deelishis Eye'z
20
Saaphyri Saaphyri
The contestant won Flavor of Love.
The contestant was eliminated.
The contestant was returned from Flavor of Love 1 and entered the competition at the end of episode 6.
The contestant received a clock, but voluntarily quit the competition.
The contestant was disqualified from the competition.
The contestant was revealed to be a secret spy for Flav as well as not being an actual contestant in the competition.
Episodes[edit]
Somethin's Stinkin' in the House of Flav[edit]
First aired August 6, 2006
Twenty new contestants arrive at the mansion and discover that there were only fourteen beds. When H-Town and Saaphyri fight over a bed, Flav asked them what happened. After finding out who started the fight, Saaphyri is disqualified for physically assaulting H-Town. Flav revealed that he had a spy in his house; this turned out to be Eye'z. She told Flav that Bamma is too quiet, Somethin is crazy, Hood was sent to the show by her agent, Wire was on The Fifth Wheel, Tiger wasn't into Flav, Choclate didn't say much, and Toasteee drinks too much. Later, Somethin shared an intimate moment with Flav, and Spunkeey called her out on lesbian statements she made before. Somethin erupted and begins to scream; the producers added a demonic voice for humorous effect. After the five girls Hood, Bamma, H-Town, Choclate and Saaphyri were eliminated, the contestants discovered that Somethin had defecated on the floor during the elimination ceremony because she couldn't hold it in or go to the bathroom.
Eliminated: Hood, Bamma, H-town, Choclate, Saaphyri
Reasons For Elimination
Hood: Agent sent her to be on the show.
Bamma: Flav said that he wasn't feeling her.
H-Town: Got into a fight with Saaphryi and told her to go to a doctor for her injuries.
Choclate: Flav claims that he wasn't feeling her.
Saaphryi: Got disqualified for assaulting H-Town over a bed.
Flav is Blind[edit]
First aired August 13, 2006
Flav challenges the remaining fourteen Flavorettes to a blind speed dating competition so he could get to know them without appearance being a factor. Things fell apart when Flav realized he couldn't eat something he couldn't see. The girls were each given ten minutes to leave a lasting impression on Flav as he stumbled from table to table. In the end, Flav chose Tiger, Like Dat, and Buckwild as the winners while indulging in a bucket of KFC.
In the morning, Buckeey commented on Like Dat's slovenly table manners. Later in the day, the three girls who won the speed dating competition accompanied Flav on a group date to the "gonzoleers" (gondolas) in the LBC. Flavor Flav tried to stick to the tradition of kissing all the girls as they passed under the bridges, however Tiger had no interest in kissing him. She claimed that she didn't like kissing him after other girls. Later that evening, Flav had a mixer, and all went well until Wire watched Buckeey and Flavor Flav kiss. She stood there until Flav asked her to go inside. She then played the piano very loudly and ruined Buckeey's date. Toasteee gave Flavor Flav advice on who he should eliminate, and he took this into consideration that night in the elimination ceremony. Wire and Spunkeey were both eliminated. Spunkeey cried hard when she was eliminated and was sad that he kept "the beauty queen over her" and the "girls who want to have sex with other girls". She also said "maybe I should've shit on your floor" as she hugged Flav goodbye.
Challenge: blind speed dating competition
Challenge Winners: Tiger, Like Dat, Buckwild
Bottom Three: Somethin, Wire, Spunkeey
Eliminated: Wire, Spunkeey
Reasons For Elimination
Spunkeey: Acted too fake around him.
Wire: Flav claims he wasn't feeling her.
She Works Hard for Her Honey[edit]
First aired August 20, 2006
Flav divides the girls into two groups. Buckwild, Krazy, Toasteee, Somethin, Bootz, and Deelishis have to work at one of Flav's favorite restaurants. Sumthin gets fired for not taking it seriously, and Bootz wins the challenge. The next day, the second group has to clean a disgusting house after a crazy party the night before. The group consists of Buckeey, Tiger, Payshintz, Nibblz, Beatuful and Like Dat. They find out they are cleaning hip-hop legend Warren G's house. While half of the girls are cleaning, back at the mansion Buckwild, Krazy and Deelishis watch as Bootz and Somethin are arguing. The winner is Nibblz, and she and Flav have a king and queen dinner. Bootz and Payshintz then start fighting. Many of the other girls joined in and started making racial comments, furthermore accusing her of not knowing who she or Flav is. Bootz tells Flav that Tiger, Somethin, and Payshintz should all go home. Flav takes this into consideration, and eliminates Tiger and Sumthin. He has a clock for Payshintz as well, but she chooses not to accept it because she couldn't take the drama with Bootz, and a few of the other girls anymore.
Challenge: to work at one of Flav's favorite restaurants and Clean one of Flav's boy's house
Challenge Winner: Nibblz, Bootz
Bottom Three: Payshintz, Tiger, Somethin
Eliminated: Tiger, Somethin
Quit: Payshintz
Reasons For Elimination
Somethin: Flav couldn't get over her defecating on the floor.
Tiger: Didn't make a connection with her.
Payshintz: Quit the competition because she can't take the drama with Bootz anymore.
Jelly on the Telly[edit]
First aired August 27, 2006
The episode begins on the night of the previous elimination, when Toasteee and Nibblz share Flav's bed that night. In the morning, Flav holds a hip-hop dance contest. The girls are divided into three teams of three each. Krazy, Nibblz, and Deelishis end up winning. Each girl gets a private date with Flav; that night, Krazy goes with him on a romantic candlelit dinner to KFC, Nibblz spends the next morning in his bedroom and has breakfast with him, and Deelishis goes with him to a strawberry field.
In the meantime, Toasteee tells the other girls that the night before, she heard noises and concluded that Nibblz was giving Flav a handjob. Nibblz retaliates by revealing to Flav that Toasteee apparently admitted that she has done pornography on the internet and in a magazine. Toasteee denies the allegations, so Flav does some internet research to see who's lying. Toasteee goes to Flav, letting him know that she's leaving because she can't handle the drama anymore. Flav tells Toasteee that if she leaves now, she's basically implying that Nibblz was right. Toasteee agrees to stay. In that evening's eliminations, Flav has both girls promise they're telling the truth. But right after that, Flav holds up a pornographic picture of Toasteee. Everyone is shocked by the evidence. Toasteee claims that it's not necessarily evidence against her as she leaves.
Challenge: hip-hop dance contest
Challenge Winners: Krazy, Nibblz, Deelishis
Bottom two: Nibblz, Toasteee
Eliminated: Toastee
Reasons For Elimination
Toasteee: Lied to Flav about doing porn.
Famous Friends and Strangeness[edit]
First aired September 3, 2006
This episode starts with the girls finding out that they must throw a party for some of Flav's famous friends. Like Dat confronts Buckwild about her speech patterns, claiming that she is talking like she's black and that it isn't how she really talks, but Buckwild says that she's not a fake. Bootz, Like Dat, and Buckwild get into a fight about Buckeey and Deelishis not working hard. After all the fights, the girls are excited to find out who will be coming to the party. The special guests are Three 6 Mafia, Warren G, Don Magic Juan, DJ Quik, the Ying Yang Twins, and G-Unit. When the guests first arrive Bootz entertain them with her booty dancing, and Nibblz gives them lap dances. The Ying Yang Twins ask Bootz to dance in one of their videos and she declines because she didn't want to risk her relationship with Flav. During the party, Nibblz drinks too much liquor and is in the bathroom vomiting, resulting in Like Dat having to lay her down on her bed. Also, Three 6 Mafia asks Krazy to sing any of Flav's songs. She says she knows one of them, but she can't sing it. Bootz and Krazy have an argument about Krazy being real or not. Like Dat and Buckwild then get into the same argument again. Buckwild says that when she is around different races of people, her voice changes. She then wants to leave but Like Dat convinces her to stay. Flav spends time with Buckeey, Bootz, and Like Dat before elimination. However, Like Dat is sent home because Flav only sees her as a friend. The girls are then pissed to find out that another guest will be joining them tomorrow: Season 1's Tiffany "New York" Pollard.
Challenge: to throw a party for some of flavs friends
Challenge winner: None
Eliminated: Like Dat
Reasons For Elimination
Like Dat: Only saw her as a friend.
Photo Shoot To The Death[edit]
First aired September 10, 2006
The episode begins the night, that Flav welcomes Season 1's Tiffany Pollard aka New York back to the house as a guest to help him decide about tomorrow night's eliminations for the seven remaining ladies. All the girls are pissed that New York returned to the house, because a lot of them don't like or get along with New York. Flav leaves the girls alone and New York asks the girls about each other and Bootz lets New York know that she doesn't like her and doesn't want her there and that she's just another bitch trying to steal her man. New York and Bootz get into an argument, where New York calls Bootz a "dreamer" meaning she's just dreaming of Flav being her man. The next day, the girls wake up and are told to go to a photoshoot for URB Magazine. New York is in charge of how the women look. New York is yelling at everybody because they were late and screams to them to come down stairs. New York gets into an argument with Bootz when Bootz is late coming downstairs for the evaluation. New York has rude things to say to all of them except Deelishis and Beautful.
The girls head to the photoshoot and New York is once again giving the girls nasty comments. After the photoshoot, Buckwild and New York get into a fight over Buckwild being "darker than what she is". Flav steps in and takes Buckwild's side. New York runs out crying and feels disrespected by Flav. Meanwhile, the girls are upset that New York is there and Krazy decides to call her out. The two fight because Krazy is saying that New York is not in control of elimination and New York went on top of the table and touched her on the head which lead Flav to come and stop it.
Flav then takes New York and asks her about each of the girls. She wonders if Buckwild is actually there to be in a romantic relationship with Flav. She feels that Buckeey lacks energy. Nibblz is filthy and too sexual. New York believes that both Bootz and Deelishis are there to be with him, while she believes that Krazy is there for the wrong reasons.
Back at the house, Krazy calls Deelishis out when Deelishis spreads the word that Krazy is fake to all of the girls back at the photoshoot.
At eliminations, New York states that Krazy, Beatuful and Nibblz should go home. Flav eliminates Beatuful because she is too laid back and Nibblz because she wouldn't fit with his children. Krazy gets her clock. Flav has a surprise and invites New York back as a full-time competitor. The girls are pissed and Buckwild returns her clock because New York returned and she was afraid she would violate her probation with New York there. Her urban style of speech that had been a point of contention earlier in the season disappeared during the elimination ceremony, making Flav and the other contestants certain that she had been faking it all along.
Brought back: New York
Challenge: Photo shoot
Challenge winner: None
Bottom Three: Krazy, Beatuful, Nibblz
Eliminated: Beatuful, Nibblz
Quit: Buckwild
Reasons For Elimination
Beatuful: Flav said she was too laid back.
Nibblz: Flav said she wasn't a good example for his kids and said that his kids won't be comfortable with their father being with a stripper.
Buckwild: Quit the competition because she didn't want to deal with New York.
Boxin' Each Other Out[edit]
First aired September 17, 2006
Five girls remaining: New York, Krazy, Bootz, Buckeey, and Deelishis. Flav instructs them to put pictures of the two girls they think most deserve elimination into a box. They choose Krazy and New York, and as a result, neither of them get dates that evening. They pick Krazy because they think she is fake. New York is picked because she came on the show later than the others, and they felt that she wouldn't be a good mom for Flav's children. Flav takes Buckeey on a date to a bowling alley and teaches her how to bowl. For his second date, Flav has a romantic evening with Bootz in the backyard. But Bootz tells Flav that she is going to wait until she gets married to have sex. Flav is shocked and upset by this. The next day, Deelishis is getting ready for her date when New York comes in and argues with her for saying that New York is fake.
Big Rick must come in to break up the fight. When New York leaves, she says that she just ruined Deelishis' date. However, Deelishis and Flav have a great time on an exotic camel ride date. Buckeey and Krazy then get into a dangerous fight when she hears Krazy talking bad about her, Bootz, and Deelishis to New York. Krazy supposedly pushes Buckeey, to which Buckeey responds by almost pushing Krazy off of the second-floor outside balcony. New York laughs and tries to break them apart. At the elimination ceremony, Buckeey is eliminated for almost killing Krazy. New York then states her plan, which is that Deelishis and Bootz will be her next "victims". She also says that Krazy thinks that they are friends, but New York is just using her to eliminate the other girls.
Challenge: to put pictures of the two girls they think most deserve elimination into a box
Challenge winners: Buckeey, Bootz, Deelishis
Bottom two: Buckeey, Krazy
Eliminated: Buckeey
Reasons For Elimination
Buckeey: For assaulting Krazy by almost pushing her off the balcony.
Steppin' Out Flav Style[edit]
First aired September 24, 2006
With the four remaining women, the episode begins with Bootz and Deelishis still in their beds discussing their disdain for New York. Then all the girls go downstairs where Rick delivers the Flav-O-Gram which New York reads. Flav pairs Deelishis and Krazy for the first date to LBC. As usual New York becomes openly upset and goes upstairs. After she leaves Deelishis snidely says that New York is a "loony" and begins to read the Flav-O-Gram aloud again and discovers that New York said slicking where the Flav-O-Gram said slicing. Soon afterward Deelishis follows New York to the balcony where she is standing visibly upset that she hasn't had a date with Flav in four days. The conversation is short but almost escalates into a confrontation after Deelishis tells New York to redirect her hostility. After the discussion Krazy and Deelishis set off for their date with Flav. When they get there Flav greets them and the two climb aboard the yacht. Flav eventually makes out with Deelishis, which upsets Krazy. But soon Deelishis leaves Flav's side, seasick. Krazy and Flav speak intimately. After they get off the yacht Flav takes the girls to the RMS Queen Mary for accommodations where the girls prepare for dinner. During dinner Flav asks Krazy how she feels about him and what she feels they share in common. When she fails to answer appropriately, he asks her to sing. She says she would love a record deal, but doesn't have the money. Afterward he asks Deelishis how she feels about him. Deelishis declares her feelings for him, through tears. Flav decides to spend the night with Deelishis. Flav turns and bids farewell to Krazy but mistakenly calls her Deelishis. Deelishis and Flav retire to their room where eventually they fall asleep together.
The next day New York and Bootz meet Flav at a winery where a woman brings them three horses. Bootz gets on her horse up immediately but New York is hesitant and panics. Eventually all three of them go for a ride through the winery fields. They stop at a beautiful spread where they sip wine and Flav tells Bootz he is really feeling her. Naturally New York is angry. Tensions rise but soon all three wind up stomping grapes together. After they shower they leave the winery and go to the Pechanga Resort and Casino where Bootz and New York prepare for dinner. During the date all Flav's attention goes to Bootz. New York feels ignored and demands attention, then storms off. Flav gives chase and asks her to spend the night with him, which New York later reveals was her plan. Bootz and New York then argue over dinner. After dinner they leave for their room and New York reveals that she again had sex with Flav.
After the two dates they are all faced yet again with the elimination ceremony. The first clock goes to New York, the second goes to Deelishis and the third goes to Krazy, despite Flav's worries about her intentions, he feels that they have a strong connection. Flav then eliminates Bootz because she said she wouldn't have sex with him until she is married. But before she leaves, she gives him her phone number for him to call her when "he gets sick of those ho's".
Bottom two: Krazy, Bootz
Eliminated: Bootz
Reasons For Elimination
Bootz: Flav felt that he couldn't be with someone who was waiting until marriage to have sex with and that her connection wasn't as strong as the connection that he had with Krazy
Family Flavors[edit]
First aired October 1, 2006 (3.99M viewers)[13]
Flav decides to have the three remaining girls' parents come over so he can get to know them. Hours before the remaining girls' parents arrive, everyone is cleaning and preparing rooms for the parents. Suddenly New York is bothering Deelishis because she believed that Deelishis intentionally took the room that New York chose her parents to stay in. Deelishis, unknowing of what New York is so upset about, has a brief confrontation with New York over who gets the room. Then Deelishis' parents arrive. Flav immediately likes Deelishis's parents. New York's parents arrive and as was shown from Season 1, New York's mother doesn't like Flav. This leads to a confrontation early on, and we discover that New York's mother will do anything to keep her daughter from being together with Flav, even fake a terminal illness. Flav then invites his six children and two grandchildren to the house to get their input on who would make a better stepmother. Later, he takes the women and their mothers over on separate dates: Deelishis and her parents go to a magic show and dinner; Krazy, her mother, and her grandmother go to the hair salon; and Flav orders an assortment of soul food for New York and her parents. That night during elimination, Flav eliminates Krazy because he suspects she is only on the show to further her singing career. At the end, he announces that Deelishis and New York will be going to Placencia, Belize the next day. The show ends with New York's mother yelling, insisting that New York is coming home right now. New York, however, does not leave the mansion.
Eliminated: Krazy
Reasons For Elimination
Krazy: Flav felt that she was only on the show to promote her singing career.
Oh No She Didn't![edit]
First aired October 8, 2006 (2.7M viewers) [14]
This episode shows highlights of the second season with unseen footage. The pivotal quote of perhaps the entire series took place during the unseen footage aired on this episode. New York's mother, Michelle, told Deelishis that her posterior was so large that she was capable of moving her bowels for an entire year. Deelishis had no comment. There was a scene where Flav was in a photo shoot with some girls from Flavor of Love Season 1. He said, "I'd throw all of y'alls in my crib, except Hottie."
Flav Belize In Love[edit]
First aired October 15, 2006
The episode begins where Episode 9 ended, when Flav announced the two remaining girls were going to Placencia, Belize. New York's mother knocks on Flav's door and informs him that she is going to get her daughter out of the mansion, but gets nothing more than a rise from Flav and New York. New York's mother then ends up leaving, but not before she tells Flav that he can't marry her daughter (to which Flav responds that if he asked New York, she would marry him).
The next day it's New York's turn, and she and Flav go on a small cruise liner. There is a misunderstanding between the two when New York makes remarks that suggest that she wants to take control of his life and money; Flav thinks New York is sounding like her mother. However, later New York apologizes for what she said, and decides to accept Flav's decision-making power. That night, Flav invites her to his hotel room for a nightcap. At first she declines, but later decides that she can't put up with the hurt going on inside, and eventually accepts.
The following night, amid a rainstorm, the two girls are invited to the dock where Flav makes his final decision. Flav talks about his feelings for the two girls, both what he likes and what he dislikes. In the end, Flav decides that Deelishis is the winner. New York, angry that she lost again, starts a vulgarity-laced outburst towards Flav, resulting in the two trading insults. After mooning Flav, she says that she no longer has feelings for him and will someday find "another man who is right for me". While storming off and sobbing uncontrollably, she says to the camera, "Do I look like I give a fuck cause I don't". She also says she wishes that one day she will find the man of her dreams. Flav gives Deelishis a shiny gold grill to match his, and he says he can't wait to meet Deelishis' daughter Jasmine (as he has a daughter with the same name).
Winner: Deelishis
Runner up: New York
Reasons For Elimination
New York: Flav already had a strong connection with New York and said everything was going good until they were in Belize, spending time together on the boat and said that New York sounded "like her mother" and New York has jealous ways.
Reunion: After the Lovin'[edit]
First aired October 29, 2006
The twenty-one women from the second season reunite on stage. La La hosts once again. She introduces all the girls (with the exception of Deelishis and New York, who arrive later, and Eye'z and Payshintz, who did not show up). After this introduction, La La asks Saaphyri and H-Town to come up on stage and discuss the fight they had, after showing the tape of it. Saaphyri says H-Town threw flowers at her, meaning she couldn't do anything about it. Saaphyri later admits to having gone to anger management classes, in consideration of Flav saying she was too violent. She later says she got a certificate, which amuses everyone. Later, Goldie from the first season makes an appearance. She asks Krazy why she thought New York was her friend and says that Somethin is strong for dealing with what happened with her on the show. She also asks Bootz, Buckwild, and Like Dat to do their booty dancing again from the fourth episode. After entertaining the crowd, La La, and the girls, Flavor Flav appears. La La asks Krazy to come up on stage, and she asks if Krazy thought being on the show helped or hurt her career. She says "it helped us all in our own way." Next, Krazy sings for Flav and appears to have mostly negative receptions.
Then Flav asks Deelishis to come out. They state that they have been apart for four months so that no one would know the outcome of the show. La La asks what Nibblz thought of his decision. She says Deelishis was a great choice for him and she has a "fabulous ass". Deelishis' daughter Jasmine meets Flav for the first time, but this moment doesn't make it onto the final edit of the show.
After a few minutes, New York is brought out. Buckwild throws a shoe at New York, which narrowly misses New York's head. La La tells Buckwild to respect her, since she never disrespected anyone and that the shoe almost hit her. Then Saaphyri throws a red bull can at New York. New York, Buckwild, Buckeey, and Saaphyri can be heard confronting each other at a distance. After this warning, La La asks Bootz whether she still wanted to say anything to New York. Bootz and New York then exchange insults, and Bootz tells New York, 'Flav only brought you back to fuck you, 'cause he left your ass twice!" Bootz then runs backstage. But security grabs Bootz, then New York punches Bootz in the face and is screaming "come on bitch, come on bitch bring that shit" veral of the contestants attempt to intervene, and in the end Buckwild, Saaphyri, Buckeey, Bootz, and Deelishis were asked to leave. Deelishis and Saaphyri were later brought back before the reunion concluded. It was later revealed that New York would be featured on her own show, I Love New York, which premiered in January 2007.
See also[edit]
List of Flavor of Love contestants
After the show[edit]
Deelishis (Chandra Davis) revealed in a special "Where Are They Now" that she and Flav were no longer dating. They did not break up in the reunion.
Buckwild (Becky Johnston), Saaphyri Windsor, Bootz (Larissa Aurora), Buckeey (Shay Johnson), Toasteee (Jennifer Toof), Krazy (Heather Crawford), and Like Dat (Darra Boyd) appeared on VH1's Flavor of Love Girls: Charm School.
Nibblz (Domenique) and Toasteee (Jennifer Toof) appeared on the first season of I Love Money.
Saaphyri Windsor and Buckwild (Becky Johnston) made a guest appearance on the third season of Flavor of Love and were selected to compete on the second season of I Love Money.
Deelishis (Chandra Davis) and Buckeey (Shay Johnson) were contestants on the canceled third season of I Love Money.
Both Buckeey (Shay Johnson) and Deelishis (Chandra Davis) appeared on reality show Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta. Buckeey appeared for the first two seasons as a supporting cast member and Deelishis appeared as a guest during the fifth season. In 2018, Buckeey went on to be a main cast member on Love & Hip Hop: Miami.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "VH1 Brings the 'Flavor' Again". zap2it.com.
Jump up ^ "Ratings". CableFax. 17 (153). 9 August 2006. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Ho, Rodney (19 October 2006). "TV RATINGS: VH1's still loving 'Flavor'". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. p. E3. |access-date= requires |url= (help); |section= ignored (help)
Jump up ^ "Corrections". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. 20 October 2006. p. A2. A Living story about TV ratings Thursday incorrectly stated that the finale for "Flavor of Love 2" had the highest ratings this year among non-sports, basic cable networks, using information from VH1. An episode of TNT's "The Closer" had higher ratings in June. |access-date= requires |url= (help); |section= ignored (help)
^ Jump up to: a b c "VH1 Big in '06". Getty Images. 2 December 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b c "VH1 Big in '06". Getty Images. 2 December 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b Huguenin, Patrick (28 August 2007). "Secrets of the reality bad girls". New York Daily News. p. 31. Retrieved 24 July 2010. |section= ignored (help)
^ Jump up to: a b Blatter, Helene (24 August 2006). "Finding Time for Some Love". The Press-Enterprise. p. D03. Retrieved 9 March 2010. |section= ignored (help)
Jump up ^ Bennett, Sasha Shantel (28 January 2009). "Shay ‘Buckeey’ Johnson – Model Focus". Flavour Magazine. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
Jump up ^ Schwartz, Missy (4 September 2009). "Reality TV: WHEN CASTING GOES WRONG". Entertainment Weekly (1063): 26. ISSN 1049-0434. Retrieved 9 Mar 2010. |section= ignored (help)
Jump up ^ Curtis, Lisa J. (26 August 2006). "Hungry 4 Love". The Brooklyn Paper. Retrieved 8 October 2010. |section= ignored (help)
Jump up ^ Gross, Dan (7 August 2006). "Looking to curry Flava". The Philadelphia Daily News. p. 37. Archived from the original on 30 August 2006. Retrieved 8 October 2010. |section= ignored (help)
Jump up ^ "Nielsen Ratings for Cable Networks". Associated Press. 6 October 2006. Retrieved 26 September 2010. |first1= missing |last1= in Authors list (help)
Jump up ^ Levin, Gary (11 October 2006). "Viewer numbers down the hatch". USA Today. p. D.4. Retrieved 26 September 2010. |section= ignored (help)
[show]
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‹ The template below (Flavor of Love) is being considered for deletion. See templates for discussion to help reach a consensus. ›
[show]
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