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The Negro Motorist Green Book
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The Negro Motorist Green Book
Cover of the 1940 edition
Author
Victor Hugo Green
Country
United States
Language
English
Genre
Guide book
Publisher
Victor Hugo Green
Published
1936–66
The Negro Motorist Green Book (at times styled The Negro Motorist Green-Book or titled The Negro Travelers' Green Book) was an annual guidebook for African-American roadtrippers, commonly referred to simply as the Green Book. It was originated and published by New York City mailman Victor Hugo Green from 1936 to 1966, during the era of Jim Crow laws, when open and often legally prescribed discrimination against non-whites was widespread. Although pervasive racial discrimination and poverty limited black car ownership, the emerging African-American middle class bought automobiles as soon as they could, but faced a variety of dangers and inconveniences along the road, from refusal of food and lodging to arbitrary arrest. In response, Green wrote his guide to services and places relatively friendly to African-Americans, eventually expanding its coverage from the New York area to much of North America, as well as founding a travel agency.
Many Black Americans took to driving, in part to avoid segregation on public transportation. As the writer George Schuyler put it in 1930, "all Negroes who can do so purchase an automobile as soon as possible in order to be free of discomfort, discrimination, segregation and insult."[1] Black Americans employed as athletes, entertainers, and salesmen also traveled frequently for work purposes.
African-American travelers faced hardships such as white-owned businesses refusing to serve them or repair their vehicles, being refused accommodation or food by white-owned hotels, and threats of physical violence and forcible expulsion from whites-only "sundown towns". Green founded and published the Green Book to avoid such problems, compiling resources "to give the Negro traveler information that will keep him from running into difficulties, embarrassments and to make his trip more enjoyable."[2]
From a New York-focused first edition published in 1936, Green expanded the work to cover much of North America, including most of the United States and parts of Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean, and Bermuda. The Green Book became "the bible of black travel during Jim Crow",[3] enabling black travelers to find lodgings, businesses, and gas stations that would serve them along the road. It was little known outside the African-American community. Shortly after passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which outlawed the types of racial discrimination that had made the Green Book necessary, publication ceased and it fell into obscurity. There has been a revived interest in it in the early 21st century in connection with studies of black travel during the Jim Crow era.
Four issues (1940, 1947, 1954, and 1963) have been republished in facsimile (as of December 2017), and have sold well.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Traveling while black: the African-American travel experience
1.1 Coping with discrimination on the road
2 Navigating Jim Crow: the role of the Green Book
2.1 Influence
2.2 Publishing history
3 Representation in other media
3.1 Digital projects
3.2 Exhibitions
3.3 Films
3.4 Literature
3.5 Photography projects
4 References
4.1 Notes
4.2 Bibliography
4.3 Further reading
5 External links
Traveling while black: the African-American travel experience[edit]
The Negro Motorist Green Book's author, Victor Hugo Green, 1956.
Before the legislative accomplishments of the Civil Rights Movement, black travelers in the United States faced major problems unknown to most whites. White supremacists had long sought to restrict black mobility, and were uniformly hostile to black strangers. As a result, simple auto journeys for black people were fraught with difficulty and potential danger. They were subjected to racial profiling by police departments ("driving while black" or "DWB"), sometimes seen as "uppity" or "too prosperous" just for the act of driving, which many whites regarded as a white prerogative. They risked harassment or worse on and off the highway.[5] A bitter commentary published in a 1947 issue of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People's magazine, The Crisis, highlighted the uphill struggle blacks faced in recreational travel:
Would a Negro like to pursue a little happiness at a theater, a beach, pool, hotel, restaurant, on a train, plane, or ship, a golf course, summer or winter resort? Would he like to stop overnight at a tourist camp while he motors about his native land 'Seeing America First'? Well, just let him try![6]
Such restrictions dated back to colonial times, and were found throughout the United States. After the end of legal slavery in the North and later in the South after the Civil War, most freedmen continued to live at little more than a subsistence level, but a minority of African Americans gained a measure of prosperity. They could plan leisure travel for the first time. Well-to-do blacks arranged large group excursions for as many as 2000 people at a time, for instance traveling by rail from New Orleans to resorts along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. In the pre-Jim Crow era this necessarily meant mingling with whites in hotels, transportation and leisure facilities.[7] They were aided in this by the Civil Rights Act of 1875, which had made it illegal to discriminate against African Americans in public accommodations and public transportation.[8]
Many hotels and restaurants excluded African Americans, such as this one in Lancaster, Ohio, in 1938.
"Separate but equal" in practice; a separate "Negro Area" was established at Lewis Mountain in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia.
They encountered a white backlash, particularly in the South, where by 1877 white Democrats controlled every state government. The Act was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) in 1883, resulting in states and cities passing numerous segregation laws. White governments in the South required even interstate railroads to enforce their segregation laws, despite national legislation requiring equal treatment of passengers. SCOTUS ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that "separate but equal" accommodations were constitutional, but in practice, facilities for blacks were far from equal, generally being of lesser quality and underfunded. Blacks faced restrictions and exclusion throughout the United States: if not barred entirely from facilities, they could use them only at different times from whites or in (usually inferior) "colored sections".[8]
In 1917, the black writer W. E. B. Du Bois observed that the impact of "ever-recurring race discrimination" had made it so difficult to travel to any number of destinations, from popular resorts to major cities, that it was now "a puzzling query as to what to do with vacations".[8] It was a problem that came to affect an increasing number of black people in the first decades of the 20th century. Tens of thousands of southern African Americans migrated from farms in the south to factories and domestic service in the north. No longer confined to living at a subsistence level, many gained enough disposable income and time to engage in leisure travel.[7]
The development of affordable mass-produced automobiles liberated black Americans from having to rely on the "Jim Crow cars" – smoky, battered and uncomfortable railroad carriages which were the separate but decidedly unequal alternatives to more salubrious whites-only carriages. As one black magazine writer commented in 1933, in an automobile "it's mighty good to be the skipper for a change, and pilot our craft whither and where we will. We feel like Vikings. What if our craft is blunt of nose and limited of power and our sea is macademized; it's good for the spirit to just give the old railroad Jim Crow the laugh."[7]
Middle-class blacks throughout the United States "were not at all sure how to behave or how whites would behave toward them", as Bart Landry puts it.[9] In Cincinnati, the African-American newspaper editor Wendell Dabney wrote of the situation in the 1920s that "hotels, restaurants, eating and drinking places, almost universally are closed to all people in whom the least tincture of colored blood can be detected."[8] Areas without significant black populations outside the South often refused to accommodate them: not one hotel or other accommodation was open to blacks in Salt Lake City in the 1920s. Black travelers were stranded if they had to stop there overnight.[7] Only six percent of the more than 100 motels that lined U.S. Route 66 in Albuquerque, New Mexico, admitted black customers.[10] Across the whole state of New Hampshire, only three motels in 1956 served African Americans.[11]
George Schuyler reported in 1943, "Many colored families have motored all across the United States without being able to secure overnight accommodations at a single tourist camp or hotel." He suggested that black Americans would find it easier to travel abroad than in their own country.[8] In Chicago in 1945, St. Clair Drake and Horace A. Cayton reported that "the city's hotel managers, by general agreement, do not sanction the use of hotel facilities by Negroes, particularly sleeping accommodations."[12] One incident reported by Drake and Cayton illustrated the discriminatory treatment meted out even to blacks within racially mixed groups:
Two colored schoolteachers and several white friends attended a luncheon at an exclusive coffee shop. The Negro women were allowed to sit down, but the waitress ignored them and served the white women. One of the colored women protested and was told that she could eat in the kitchen.[12]
Coping with discrimination on the road[edit]
An African-American family with their new Oldsmobile. Washington, D.C., April 1955.
While automobiles made it much easier for black Americans to be independently mobile, the difficulties they faced in traveling were such that, as Lester B. Granger of the National Urban League puts it, "so far as travel is concerned, Negroes are America's last pioneers."[13] Black travelers often had to carry buckets or portable toilets in the trunks of their cars because they were usually barred from bathrooms and rest areas in service stations and roadside stops. Travel essentials such as gasoline were difficult to purchase because of discrimination at gas stations.[14] To avoid such problems on long trips, African Americans often packed meals and carried containers of gasoline in their cars.[3] Writing of the road trips that he made as a boy in the 1950s, Courtland Milloy of the Washington Post recalled that his mother spent the evening before the trip frying chicken and boiling eggs so that his family would have something to eat along the way the next day.[15]
One black motorist observed in the early 1940s that while black travelers felt free in the mornings, by the early afternoon a "small cloud" had appeared. By the late afternoon, "it casts a shadow of apprehension on our hearts and sours us a little. 'Where,' it asks us, 'will you stay tonight?'".[7] They often had to spend hours in the evening trying to find somewhere to stay, sometimes resorting to sleeping in haylofts or in their own cars if they could not find anywhere. One alternative, if it was available, was to arrange in advance to sleep at the homes of black friends in towns or cities along their route. However, this meant detours and an abandonment of the spontaneity that for many was a key attraction of motoring.[7]
The civil rights leader John Lewis has recalled how his family prepared for a trip in 1951:
There would be no restaurant for us to stop at until we were well out of the South, so we took our restaurant right in the car with us.... Stopping for gas and to use the bathroom took careful planning. Uncle Otis had made this trip before, and he knew which places along the way offered "colored" bathrooms and which were better just to pass on by. Our map was marked and our route was planned that way, by the distances between service stations where it would be safe for us to stop.[16]
Finding accommodation was one of the greatest challenges faced by black travelers. Not only did many hotels, motels, and boarding houses refuse to serve black customers, but thousands of towns across the United States declared themselves "sundown towns," which all non-whites had to leave by sunset.[13] Huge numbers of towns across the country were effectively off-limits to African Americans. By the end of the 1960s, there were at least 10,000 sundown towns across the U.S. – including large suburbs such as Glendale, California (population 60,000 at the time); Levittown, New York (80,000); and Warren, Michigan (180,000). Over half the incorporated communities in Illinois were sundown towns. The unofficial slogan of Anna, Illinois, which had violently expelled its African-American population in 1909, was "Ain't No Niggers Allowed".[17]
Even in towns which did not exclude overnight stays by blacks, accommodations were often very limited. African Americans migrating to California to find work in the early 1940s often found themselves camping by the roadside overnight for lack of any hotel accommodation along the way.[18] They were acutely aware of the discriminatory treatment that they received. Courtland Milloy's mother, who took him and his brother on road trips when they were children, recalled that "after riding all day, I'd say to myself, 'Wouldn't it be nice if we could spend the night in one of those hotels?' or, 'Wouldn't it be great if we could stop for a real meal and a cup of coffee?' We'd see the little white children jumping into motel swimming pools, and you all would be in the back seat of a hot car, sweating and fighting."[15]
African-American travelers faced real physical risks because of the widely differing rules of segregation that existed from place to place, and the possibility of extrajudicial violence against them. Activities that were accepted in one place could provoke violence a few miles down the road. Transgressing formal or unwritten racial codes, even inadvertently, could put travelers in considerable danger.[19] Even driving etiquette was affected by racism; in the Mississippi Delta region, local custom prohibited blacks from overtaking whites, to prevent their raising dust from the unpaved roads to cover white-owned cars.[7] A pattern emerged of whites purposefully damaging black-owned cars to put their owners "in their place".[20] Stopping anywhere that was not known to be safe, even to allow children in a car to relieve themselves, presented a risk; Milloy noted that his parents would urge him and his brother to control their need to use a bathroom until they could find a safe place to stop, as "those backroads were simply too dangerous for parents to stop to let their little black children pee".[15]
Racist local laws, discriminatory social codes, segregated commercial facilities, racial profiling by police, and sundown towns made road journeys a minefield of constant uncertainty and risk.[21] Road trip narratives by blacks reflected their unease and the dangers they faced, presenting a more complex outlook from those written by whites extolling the joys of the road. Milloy recalls the menacing environment that he encountered during his childhood, in which he learned of "so many black travelers ... just not making it to their destinations."[15]
Even foreign black dignitaries were not immune to the discrimination that African-American travelers routinely encountered. In one high-profile incident, Komla Agbeli Gbedemah, the finance minister of newly independent Ghana, was refused service at a Howard Johnson's restaurant at Dover, Delaware, while traveling to Washington, D.C., even after identifying himself by his state position to the restaurant staff.[22] The snub caused an international incident, to which an embarrassed President Dwight D. Eisenhower responded by inviting Gbedemah to breakfast at the White House.[23] Repeated and sometimes violent incidents of discrimination directed against black African diplomats, particularly on U.S. Route 40 between New York and Washington, D.C., led to the administration of President John F. Kennedy setting up a Special Protocol Service Section within the State Department to assist black diplomats traveling and living within the United States.[24] The State Department considered issuing copies of The Negro Motorist Green Book to black diplomats, but eventually decided against steering them to black-friendly public accommodations as it wanted them "to have all of the privileges of whiteness."[25]
John A. Williams wrote in his 1965 book, This Is My Country Too, that he did not believe "white travelers have any idea of how much nerve and courage it requires for a Negro to drive coast to coast in America." He achieved it with "nerve, courage, and a great deal of luck," supplemented by "a rifle and shotgun, a road atlas, and Travelguide, a listing of places in America where Negroes can stay without being embarrassed, insulted, or worse."[26] He noted that black drivers needed to be particularly cautious in the South, where they were advised to wear a chauffeur's cap or have one visible on the front seat and pretend they were delivering a car for a white person. Along the way, he had to endure a stream of "insults of clerks, bellboys, attendants, cops, and strangers in passing cars."[26] There was a constant need to keep his mind on the danger he faced; as he was well aware, "[black] people have a way of disappearing on the road."[26]
Navigating Jim Crow: the role of the Green Book[edit]
The Green Book listed places that provided accommodation for black travelers, as in the case of this motel in South Carolina, which offered "Cabins for Colored".
Segregation meant that facilities for African-American motorists were limited, but entrepreneurs of both races realized the lucrative opportunities in marketing goods and services to black patrons.[7] The challenge for travelers was to find such oases in the middle of a desert of discrimination. To address this problem, African-American writers produced a number of guides to provide travel advice. These included directories of hotels, camps, road houses, and restaurants which would serve African Americans. Jewish travelers, who had long experienced discrimination at many vacation spots, created guides for their own community, though they were at least able to visibly blend in more easily with the general population.[27][28] African Americans followed suit with publications such as Hackley and Harrison's Hotel and Apartment Guide for Colored Travelers, published in 1930 to cover "Board, Rooms, Garage Accommodations, etc. in 300 Cities in the United States and Canada".[29]
The Negro Motorist Green Book was one of the best known of the African-American travel guides. It was conceived in 1932 and first published in 1936 by Victor H. Green, a World War I veteran from New York City who worked as a mail carrier and later as a travel agent. He said his aim was "to give the Negro traveler information that will keep him from running into difficulties, embarrassments and to make his trip more enjoyable."[2] According to an editorial written by Novera C. Dashiell in the Spring 1956 edition of the Green Book, "the idea crystallized when not only [Green] but several friends and acquaintances complained of the difficulties encountered; oftentimes painful embarrassments suffered which ruined a vacation or business trip."[30]
Green asked his readers to provide information "on the Negro motoring conditions, scenic wonders in your travels, places visited of interest and short stories on one's motoring experience." He offered a reward of one dollar for each accepted account, which he increased to five dollars by 1941.[31] He also obtained information from colleagues in the US Postal Service, who would "ask around on their routes" to find suitable public accommodations.[32] The Postal Service was (and is) one of the largest employers of African Americans, and its employees were ideally situated to inform Green of which places were safe and hospitable to African-American travelers.[33]
Green Book sites from about 1940-1956[34]
The Green Book's motto, displayed on the front cover, urged black travelers to "Carry your Green Book with you – You may need it".[30] The 1949 edition included a quote from Mark Twain: "Travel is fatal to prejudice", inverting Twain's original meaning; as Cotton Seiler puts it, "here it was the visited, rather than the visitors, who would find themselves enriched by the encounter."[35] Green commented in 1940 that the Green Book had given black Americans "something authentic to travel by and to make traveling better for the Negro."[31] Its principal goal was to provide accurate information on black-friendly accommodations to answer the constant question that faced black drivers: "Where will you spend the night?" As well as essential information on lodgings, service stations and garages, it provided details of leisure facilities open to African Americans, including beauty salons, restaurants, nightclubs and country clubs.[36]
The listings focused on four main categories – hotels, motels, tourist homes (private residences, usually owned by African Americans, which provided accommodation to travelers), and restaurants. They were arranged by state and subdivided by city, giving the name and address of each business. For an extra payment, businesses could have their listing displayed in bold type or have a star next to it to denote that they were "recommended".[11]
Many such establishments were run by and for African Americans and in some cases were named after prominent figures in African-American history. In North Carolina, such black-owned businesses included the Carver, Lincoln, and Booker T. Washington hotels, the Friendly City beauty parlor, the Black Beauty Tea Room, the New Progressive tailor shop, the Big Buster tavern, and the Blue Duck Inn.[37] Each edition also included feature articles on travel and destinations,[38] and included a listing of black resorts such as Idlewild, Michigan; Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts; and Belmar, New Jersey.[39] The state of New Mexico was particularly recommended as a place where most motels would welcome "guests on the basis of ‘cash rather than color.'"[32]
Influence[edit]
The College View Court-Hotel in Waco, Texas advertised itself in the 1950s as "Waco's Finest for Negroes".
The Green Book attracted sponsorship from a number of businesses, including the African-American newspapers Call and Post of Cleveland, Ohio, and the Louisville Leader of Louisville, Kentucky.[40] Standard Oil (later Esso) was also a sponsor, owing to the efforts of James "Billboard" Jackson, a pioneering African-American Esso sales representative.[31] Esso's "race group", part of its marketing division, promoted the Green Book as enabling Esso's black customers to "go further with less anxiety". By contrast, Shell gas stations were known to refuse black customers.[41]
The 1949 edition included an Esso endorsement message that told readers: "As representatives of the Esso Standard Oil Co., we are pleased to recommend the Green Book for your travel convenience. Keep one on hand each year and when you are planning your trips, let Esso Touring Service supply you with maps and complete routings, and for real 'Happy Motoring' – use Esso Products and Esso Service wherever you find the Esso sign."[10] Photographs of some African-American entrepreneurs who owned Esso gas stations appeared in the pages of the Green Book.[32]
Although Green usually refrained from editorializing in the Green Book, he let his readers' letters speak for the influence of his guide. William Smith of Hackensack, New Jersey, described it as a "credit to the Negro Race" in a letter published in the 1938 edition. He commented:
It is a book badly needed among our Race since the advent of the motor age. Realizing the only way we knew where and how to reach our pleasure resorts was in a way of speaking, by word of mouth, until the publication of The Negro Motorist Green Book ... We earnestly believe that [it] will mean as much if not more to us as the A.A.A. means to the white race."[40]
The "colored only" Hotel Clark in Memphis, Tennessee.
Earl Hutchinson Sr., the father of journalist Earl Ofari Hutchinson, wrote of a 1955 move from Chicago to California that "you literally didn't leave home without [the Green Book]."[42] Ernest Green, one of the Little Rock Nine, used the Green Book to navigate the 1,000 miles (1,600 km) from Arkansas to Virginia in the 1950s and comments that "it was one of the survival tools of segregated life".[43] According to the civil rights leader Julian Bond, recalling his parents' use of the Green Book, "it was a guidebook that told you not where the best places were to eat, but where there was any place."[44] Bond comments:
You think about the things that most travelers take for granted, or most people today take for granted. If I go to New York City and want a hair cut, it's pretty easy for me to find a place where that can happen, but it wasn't easy then. White barbers would not cut black peoples' hair. White beauty parlors would not take black women as customers — hotels and so on, down the line. You needed the Green Book to tell you where you can go without having doors slammed in your face.[28]
While the Green Book was intended to make life easier for those living under Jim Crow, its publisher looked forward to a time when such guidebooks would no longer be necessary. As Green wrote, "there will be a day sometime in the near future when this guide will not have to be published. That is when we as a race will have equal opportunities and privileges in the United States. It will be a great day for us to suspend this publication for then we can go as we please, and without embarrassment."[42]
Los Angeles is now considering offering special protection to the sites that kept black travelers safe. Ken Bernstein, principal planner for the city's Office of Historic Resources notes, "At the very least, these sites can be incorporated into our city's online inventory system. They are part of the story of African Americans in Los Angeles, and the story of Los Angeles itself writ large."[45]
Publishing history[edit]
The Green Book was published locally in New York, but its popularity was such that from 1937 it was distributed nationally with input from Charles McDowell, a collaborator on Negro Affairs for the United States Travel Bureau, a government agency.[2] With new editions published annually from 1936 to 1940, the Green Book's publication was suspended during World War II and resumed in 1946.[46] Its scope expanded greatly during its years of publication; from covering only the New York City metropolitan area in the first edition, it eventually covered facilities in most of the United States and parts of Canada (primarily Montreal), Mexico and Bermuda. Coverage was good in the eastern US and weak in Great Plains states such as North Dakota, where there were few black residents. It eventually sold around 15,000 copies per year, distributed by mail order, by black-owned businesses and Esso service stations, some of which – unusual for the oil industry at the time – were franchised to African Americans.[44]
It originally sold for 25 cents, increasing to $1.25 by 1957.[47] With the book's growing success, Green retired from the post office and hired a small publishing staff that operated from 200 West 135th Street in Harlem. He also established a vacation reservation service in 1947 to take advantage of the post-war boom in automobile travel.[10] From 10 pages in its first edition,[41] by 1949 he had expanded the Green Book to more than 80 pages, including advertisements.
The 1951 Green Book recommended that black-owned businesses raise their standards, as travelers were "no longer content to pay top prices for inferior accommodations and services". The quality of black-owned lodgings was coming under scrutiny, as many prosperous blacks found them to be second-rate compared to the white-owned lodgings from which they were excluded.[48] In 1952, Green renamed the publication The Negro Travelers' Green Book, in recognition of its coverage of international destinations requiring travel by plane and ship.[10] Although segregation was still in force, by state laws in the South and often by practice elsewhere, the wide circulation of the Green Book had attracted growing interest from white businesses that wanted to tap into the potential sales of the black market. The 1955 edition noted:
A few years after its publication ... white business has also recognized its [The Green Book’s] value and it is now in use by the Esso Standard Oil Co., The American Automobile Assn. and its affiliate automobile clubs throughout the country, other automobile clubs, air lines, travel bureaus, travelers aid, libraries and thousands of subscribers.[49]
By the start of the 1960s, the Green Book's market was beginning to erode; African-American civil rights activism was having effects, even before the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to prohibit racial segregation in public facilities. An increasing number of middle-class African Americans were beginning to question whether guides such as the Green Book were accommodating Jim Crow by steering black travelers to segregated businesses rather than encouraging them to push for equal access. Black-owned motels in remote locations off state highways lost customers to a new generation of integrated interstate motels located near freeway exits. The 1963 Green Book acknowledged that the activism of the civil rights movement had "widened the areas of public accommodations accessible to all," but it defended the continued listing of black-friendly businesses because "a family planning for a vacation hopes for one that is free of tensions and problems."[48]
The 1966 edition was the last to be published after the Civil Rights Act of 1964 made the guide effectively obsolete by outlawing racial discrimination in public accommodations.[10] The last edition of the Green Book included significant changes that reflected the post-Civil Rights Act outlook. The title was changed to Traveler's Green Book: International Edition – no longer just for the Negro, or the motorist – as its publishers sought to widen its appeal. Although the content continued to proclaim its mission of highlighting leisure options for black travelers, the cover featured an affluent white blonde water-skiing – a sign of how, as Michael Ra-Shon Hall puts it, "the Green Book ‘whitened’ its surface and internationalized its scope, while still remaining true to its founding mission to ensure the security of African-American travelers both in the US and abroad."[49]
Representation in other media[edit]
In the 2000s, academics, artists, curators, and writers exploring the history of African-American travel in the United States during the Jim Crow era revived interest in the Green Book. The result has been a number of projects, books and other works referring to the Green Book.[49] The book itself has acquired a high value as a collectors' item; a "partly perished" copy of the 1941 edition sold at auction in March 2015 for $22,500.[50] Some examples are listed below.
Digital projects[edit]
The New York Public Library's Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture has published digitized copies of 21 issues of the Green Book, dating from 1937 to 1964. To accompany the digitizations, the NYPL Labs have developed an interactive visualization of the books' data to enable web users to plot their own road trips and see heat maps of listings.
Architectural Historian, and Historic Site Manager of Carlyle House, Susan Hellman is researching all sites within the Commonwealth of Virginia from the Green Book and documenting her findings in a publicly available Google map and on the Virginia Green Book website.
An independent Green Book Project, with an endorsement from the Tulsa City-County Library's African American Resource Center, has created a digital map of the Green Book locations on historypin and is inviting users of the Green Book to post their photos and personal stories about Green Book sites.
Exhibitions[edit]
In 2003, the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History included the Green Book in an exhibition, America on the Move.
In 2007, the book was featured in a traveling exhibition called Places of Refuge: The Dresser Trunk Project, organized by William Daryl Williams, the director of the School of Architecture and Interior Design at the University of Cincinnati. The exhibition drew on the Green Book to highlight artifacts and locations associated with travel by blacks during segregation, using dresser trunks to reflect venues such as hotels, restaurants, nightclubs and a Negro league baseball park.[49]
In late 2014, the Gilmore Car Museum in Hickory Corners, Michigan installed a permanent exhibit on the Green Book that features a 1956 copy of the book that guests can review as well as video interviews of those that utilized it.[51]
In 2016, a 1941 copy of the book will be displayed at the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, when the museum opens.[32]
In June 2016, a copy of the book on loan from The New York Public Library, was featured in the Missouri History Museum's exhibition, Route 66: Main Street Through St. Louis
Films[edit]
Calvin Alexander Ramsey and Becky Wible Searles interviewed people who traveled with the Green Book as well as Victor Green's relatives as part of producing a documentary, The Green Book Chronicles (2016).[52]
100 Miles to Lordsburg (2017), is a short film about a black couple crossing New Mexico in 1961 with aid of the Green Book.[53]
Literature[edit]
African-American playwright Calvin Alexander Ramsey published a children's book, Ruth and the Green Book (2010),[54] about a Chicago family's journey to Alabama in 1952, in which they use the Green Book as a guide.[43]
Ramsey also wrote a play, called The Green Book: A Play in Two Acts, which debuted in Atlanta in August 2011[47] after a staged reading at the Lincoln Theatre in Washington, DC in 2010.[3] It centers on a tourist home in Jefferson City, Missouri. A black military officer, his wife, and a Jewish survivor of the Holocaust spend the night in the home just before the civil rights activist W. E. B. Du Bois is scheduled to deliver a speech in town. The Jewish traveler comes to the home after being shocked to find that the hotel where he planned to stay has a "No Negroes Allowed" notice posted in its lobby – an allusion to the problems of discrimination that Jews and blacks both faced at the time.[44] The play was highly successful, gaining an extension of several weeks beyond its planned closing date.[49]
Matt Ruff's novel Lovecraft Country (2016) features a fictionalized horror-fantasy version of Green and the Travel Guide, set in Chicago.
In Toni Morrison's Home (2012), the narrator makes a brief reference to the Green Book: "From Green's travelers' book he copies out some addresses and names of rooming houses, hotels where he would not be turned away" (22-23).
Photography projects[edit]
Architecture at sites listed in the Green Book is being documented by photographer Candacy Taylor in collaboration with the National Park Service's Route 66 Corridor Preservation Program.[55][56] She is also planning to publish other materials and apps featuring such sites.[32]
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Franz, p. 242.
^ Jump up to: a b c Franz, p. 246.
^ Jump up to: a b c Freedom du Lac, J. (September 12, 2010). "Guidebook that aided black travelers during segregation reveals vastly different D.C." The Washington Post. Retrieved August 7, 2013.
Jump up ^ Flood, Alison (December 17, 2017). "Travel guides to segregated US for black Americans reissued". The Guardian. Retrieved February 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Seiler, p. 88.
Jump up ^ "Democracy Defined at Moscow". The Crisis. April 1947. p. 105.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Foster, Mark S. (Spring 1999). "In the Face of "Jim Crow": Prosperous Blacks and Vacations, Travel and Outdoor Leisure, 1890–1945". The Journal of Negro History. 84 (2): 130–49. JSTOR 2649043.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Young Armstead, Myra B. (2005). "Revisiting Hotels and Other Lodgings: American Tourist Spaces through the Lens of Black Pleasure-Travelers, 1880–1950". The Journal of Decorative and Propaganda Arts. 25: 136–159. JSTOR 40007722.
Jump up ^ Landry, p. 58.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Hinckley, p. 127.
^ Jump up to: a b Rugh, p. 77.
^ Jump up to: a b Drake & Cayton, p. 107.
^ Jump up to: a b Seiler, p. 87.
Jump up ^ Sugrue, Thomas J. "Driving While Black: The Car and Race Relations in Modern America". Automobile in American Life and Society. University of Michigan. Retrieved August 7, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Milloy, Courtland (June 21, 1987). "Black Highways: Thirty Years Ago We Didn't Dare Stop". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ Wright, pp. 75–76.
Jump up ^ Loewen, pp. 15–16.
Jump up ^ Flamming, p. 166.
Jump up ^ Trembanis, p. 49.
Jump up ^ Driscoll, Jay (July 30, 2015). "An atlas of self-reliance: The Negro Motorist's Green Book (1937-1964)". National Museum of American History. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kelly, Kate (January 6, 2014). "The Green Book: The First Travel Guide for African-Americans Dates to the 1930s". Huffington Post. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ Seiler, p. 84.
Jump up ^ DeCaro, p. 124.
Jump up ^ Lentz & Gower, p. 149.
Jump up ^ Wallach, p. 191.
^ Jump up to: a b c Primeau, p. 117.
Jump up ^ Jefferson, p. 26.
^ Jump up to: a b "'Green Book' Helped African-Americans Travel Safely". NPR. September 15, 2010. Retrieved August 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ Brevard, p. 62.
^ Jump up to: a b Goodavage, Maria (January 10, 2013). "'Green Book' Helped Keep African Americans Safe on the Road". PBS. Retrieved August 6, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c Seiler, p. 90.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Kahn, Eve M. (August 6, 2016). "The 'Green Book' Legacy, a Beacon for Black Travelers". The New York Times. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ Tam, Ruth (August 27, 2013). "Road guide for African American civil rights activists pointed way to 1963 march". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ 1940-1956 Green Book Sites Map
Jump up ^ Seiler, p. 92.
Jump up ^ Seiler, p. 91.
Jump up ^ Powell, Lew (August 27, 2010). "Traveling while black: A Jim Crow survival guide". University of North Carolina Library. Retrieved August 7, 2013.
Jump up ^ Rugh, p. 78.
Jump up ^ Rugh, p. 168.
^ Jump up to: a b Seiler, p. 89.
^ Jump up to: a b Lewis, p. 269.
^ Jump up to: a b Seiler, p. 94.
^ Jump up to: a b Lacey-Bordeaux, Emma; Drash, Wayne (February 25, 2011). "Travel guide helped African-Americans navigate tricky times". CNN. Retrieved August 7, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c McGee, Celia (August 22, 2010). "The Open Road Wasn't Quite Open to All". The New York Times. Retrieved August 5, 2013.
Jump up ^ 'Green Book' sites along Route 66 kept traveling African Americans safe. L.A. is now considering giving those spots special protection The Los Angeles Times, May 17, 2016
Jump up ^ Landry, p. 57.
^ Jump up to: a b Towne, Douglas (July 2011). "African-American Travel Guide". Phoenix Magazine. p. 46.
^ Jump up to: a b Rugh, p. 84.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Hall, Michael Ra-Shon (2014). "The Negro Traveller's Guide to a Jim Crow South: Negotiating racialized landscapes during a dark period in United States cultural history, 1936–1967". Postcolonial Studies. 17 (3): 307–14. doi:10.1080/13688790.2014.987898.
Jump up ^ "Sale 2377 Lot 516". Swann Auction Galleries. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Gilmore Car Museum - Special Exhibits". Archived from the original on December 26, 2015. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ Wible Sears, Becky & Ramsey Sears (2015). The Green Book Chronicles. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
Jump up ^ "100 Miles to Lordsburg". Movies Guru. 2017. Retrieved January 17, 2016. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Ramsey, Calvin Alexander (2010). Ruth and the Green Book. Carolrhoda Book. ISBN 9780761352556.
Jump up ^ Candacy Taylor, "Sites of Sanctuary: The Negro Motorist Green Book", Taylor Made Culture.
Jump up ^ "Route 66 and the Historic Negro Motorist Green Book", National Park Service.
Bibliography[edit]
Brevard, Lisa Pertillar (2001). A Biography of E. Azalia Smith Hackley, 1867-1922, African-American Singer and Social Activist. Edwin Mellen Press. ISBN 9780773475755.
DeCaro, Louis A. (1997). On the Side of My People: A Religious Life of Malcolm X. NYU Press. ISBN 9780814718919.
Drake, St. Clair; Cayton, Horace A. (1970). Black Metropolis: A Study of Negro Life in a Northern City. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226162348.
Flamming, Douglas (2009). African Americans in the West. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781598840032.
Franz, Kathleen (2011). "African-Americans Take to the Open Road". In Franz, Kathleen; Smulyan, Susan. Major Problems in American Popular Culture. Cengage Learning. ISBN 9781133417170.
Hinckley, Jim (2012). The Route 66 Encyclopedia. Voyageur Press. ISBN 9780760340417.
Jefferson, Alice Rose (2007). Lake Elsinore: A Southern California African American Resort Area During the Jim Crow Era, 1920s--1960s, and the Challenges of Historic Preservation Commemoration. ProQuest. ISBN 9780549391562.
Landry, Bart (1988). The New Black Middle Class. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520908987.
Lentz, Richard; Gower, Karla K. (14 February 2011). The Opinions of Mankind: Racial Issues, Press, and Progaganda in the Cold War. University of Missouri Press. ISBN 9780826272348.
Lewis, Tom (2013). Divided Highways: Building the Interstate Highways, Transforming American Life. Cornell University Press. ISBN 9780801467820.
Loewen, James W. (2006). "Sundown Towns". In Hartman, Chester W. Poverty & Race in America: The Emerging Agendas. Lexington Books. ISBN 9780739114193.
Primeau, Ronald (1996). Romance of the Road: The Literature of the American Highway. Bowling Green State University Popular Press. ISBN 9780879726980.
Rugh, Susan Sessions (2010). Are We There Yet?: The Golden Age of the American Family Vacation. University of Kansas Publications. ISBN 9780700617593.
Seiler, Cotton (2012). "'So That We as a Race Might Have Something Authentic to Travel By': African-American Automobility and Cold-War Liberalism". In Slethaug, Gordon E.; Ford, Stacilee. Hit the Road, Jack: Essays on the Culture of the American Road. McGill-Queen's Press. ISBN 9780773540767.
Taylor, Candacy. "The Roots of Route 66." The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, 03 Nov. 2016. Web. 28 Feb. 2017. <https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/11/the-roots-of-route-66/506255/>.
Trembanis, Sarah L. (2014). The Set-Up Men: Race, Culture and Resistance in Black Baseball. McFarland. ISBN 9780786477968.
Wallach, Jennifer Jensen (2015). Dethroning the Deceitful Pork Chop: Rethinking African American Foodways from Slavery to Obama. University of Arkansas Press. ISBN 9781557286796.
Wright, Gavin (2013). Sharing the Prize. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674076440.
Further reading[edit]
Flood, Alison (December 19, 2017). "Travel guides to segregated US for black Americans reissued". The Guardian. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
Monahan, Meagan K. (January 3, 2013). "The Green Book: A Representation of the Black Middle Class and Its Resistance to Jim Crow through Entrepreneurship and Respectability". Williamsburg, VA: The College of William & Mary. Archived from the original on April 10, 2015.
Monahan, Meagan K. (Autumn 2016). "The Green Book: Safely Navigating Jim Crow America". The Green Bag.
Pilkington, Ed. "From the Green Book to Facebook: How Black People Still Need to Outwit Racists in Rural America," The Guardian, Feb. 11, 2018.
External links[edit]
Public domain digitized copies (1937-1963/64) of the Green Book (via New York Public Library, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture)
Introduction: "Navigating the 'Green Book'"
Google Map displaying the locations of over 1,500 places listed in the Spring 1956 Green Book, including a searchable index
Alston, Wendell P. (1949). The Negro Motorist Green Book. (downloadable from Goodreads)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Negro_Motorist_Green_Book&oldid=847372816"
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DuckTales (2017 TV series)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the 2017 DuckTales television series. For the original 1987 series, see DuckTales.
DuckTales
Based on
Uncle Scrooge
by Carl Barks
DuckTales
by Jymn Magon
Developed by
Matt Youngberg
Francisco Angones[1]
Voices of
David Tennant
Danny Pudi
Ben Schwartz
Bobby Moynihan
Kate Micucci
Beck Bennett
Toks Olagundoye
Tony Anselmo
Theme music composer
Mark C. Mueller
Opening theme
"DuckTales"
by Felicia Barton
Composer(s)
Dominic Lewis
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
9
Production
Executive producer(s)
Matt Youngberg
Editor(s)
Jasmine Bocz
Jon Price
Production company(s)
Disney Television Animation
Release
Original network
Disney XD
Original release
August 12, 2017 (2017-08-12) – present
External links
Website
disneyxd.disney.com/ducktales
DuckTales is an American animated television series developed by Matt Youngberg and Francisco Angones for Disney XD. Produced by Disney Television Animation, the series is a reboot of the original 1987 series of the same name. DuckTales was announced in February 2015 and premiered on August 12, 2017 with a 44-minute special entitled "Woo-oo!". The first season, which resumed on September 23, 2017, will consist of 21 twenty-two minute episodes and an additional 44-minute special.[2][3] The series was renewed for a second season on March 2, 2017.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Premise
2 Voice cast
3 Production
4 Episodes
5 Release
5.1 Broadcast
5.2 Marketing
5.3 Home media
6 Critical reception
7 Comic book
8 Notes
9 References
10 External links
Premise[edit]
After not speaking to each other for ten years, Scrooge McDuck is reunited with Donald Duck after he asks Scrooge to watch his three nephews Huey, Dewey, and Louie for the day. The presence of the newcomers rekindles Scrooge's spirit of adventure, leading the group to go on many new treasure-hunting expeditions, while the nephews and their new friend Webby seek the truth behind their uncles' broken relationship and the mysterious disappearance of their mother Della Duck.
Voice cast[edit]
Main article: List of DuckTales characters
The show's main voice cast include:[5]
David Tennant as Scrooge McDuck
Danny Pudi as Huey Duck
Ben Schwartz as Dewey Duck
Bobby Moynihan as Louie Duck
Kate Micucci as Webby Vanderquack
Beck Bennett as Launchpad McQuack
Toks Olagundoye as Mrs. Beakley
Tony Anselmo as Donald Duck
Production[edit]
Matt Youngberg and Francisco Angones grew up watching the original series and had always wanted to develop an updated version for a newer generation. Youngberg said, "We're hoping that in thirty years, the kids who watch our show will then be bringing back the next version of DuckTales because they loved what we did so much."[6]
In May 2015, Terry McGovern, the original voice of Launchpad McQuack, stated in an interview that the entire voice cast from the original series would not be returning for the reboot, which made him "heartsick" at the news.[7] The new voice cast for the series was revealed on December 16, 2016 in a video where they sing an a cappella version of the original theme song in promotion of the news.[8][9][10] The following May, Lin-Manuel Miranda was announced as the voice of Fenton Crackshell / Gizmoduck.[11] The character was changed to being Latino due to Lin-Manuel's heritage and because Angones felt that there were not enough positive Latino superheroes.[6] In June, more cast members, including Tony Anselmo reprising his role as Donald Duck, were announced,[12]and during the 2017 San Diego Comic Con, Disney announced that Darkwing Duck would also make an appearance in the TV series.[13]
The art style of the show is heavily influenced not just by Carl Barks' original Uncle Scrooge comics, but also some of Barks' paintings.[14][1] The theme song, written by Mark Mueller for the 1987 series, was re-recorded for the 2017 reboot.[15] It was arranged by Michael “Smidi” Smithand and TJ Stafford and sung by Felicia Barton.[16]
Episodes[edit]
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Storyboard by
Original air date
Prod.
code [17]
U.S. viewers
(millions)
1
"Woo-oo!"[a] Dana Terrace
John Aoshima Story by : Francisco Angones, Colleen Evanson,
Noelle Stevenson, Madison Bateman, Nate Federman, Matt Youngberg
Teleplay by : Francisco Angones Emmy Cicierega, Ben Holm, Jason Reicher
David Baker, Matthew Humphreys, Tanner Johnson August 12, 2017 (2017-08-12) 101–102 0.28[19][b]
Donald Duck reluctantly leaves his nephews Huey, Dewey and Louie with his estranged uncle Scrooge McDuck, while he goes on a job interview. After Scrooge locks the boys into a room for making fun of him, the triplets come across Webby Vanderquack who befriends them and shows off a collection of relics and artifacts that Scrooge and Donald found, only to accidentally release various ancients evils housed in them. After the kids help him to contain them, Scrooge finds his thirst for adventure rekindled and decides to take all, along with his pilot Launchpad McQuack, to find the Lost Jewel of Atlantis. However, the group are unaware that Scrooge's rival, Flintheart Glomgold (guest star Keith Ferguson), seeks the jewel and has hired Donald as his sailor, leading to a race against time to claim the relic. In the end, Donald and the boys move into McDuck Manor after an accident loses them their houseboat. Visiting Scrooge’s collection, Dewey discovers a painting of Scrooge, Donald, and the triplets' long lost mother, Della.
2
"Daytrip of Doom!" Dana Terrace Story by : Francisco Angones, Colleen Evanson,
Bob Snow, Matt Youngberg, Madison Bateman, Christian Magalhaes, Rachel Vine
Teleplay by : Rachel Vine Emmy Cicierega, Ben Holm, Jason Reicher September 23, 2017 (2017-09-23) 103 0.34[21]
While visiting Funso's Fun Zone, Huey, Dewey, Louie and Webby are kidnapped by the Beagle Boys (guest star Eric Bauza) in an attempt to ransoming them off to Scrooge, much to the disapproval of Ma Beagle (guest star Margo Martindale). As the bickering Donald and Mrs. Beakley join forces to rescue the children, Webby proves to the boys how resourceful she is.
3
"The Great Dime Chase!" John Aoshima Story by : Francisco Angones, Colleen Evanson,
Bob Snow, Madison Bateman, Christian Magalhaes, Matt Youngberg
Teleplay by : Madison Bateman David Baker, Matthew Humphreys, Tanner Johnson September 23, 2017 (2017-09-23) 105 0.41[21]
When Louie accidentally spends Scrooge's Number One Dime in order to purchase a soda, he decides to use Gyro Gearloose's (guest star Jim Rash) robotic lightbulb, Little Bulb, to get it back, causing it to become a giant coin-collecting robot. Meanwhile, Dewey and Webby struggles with the cryptic riddles of the McDuck Archives keeper Mrs. Quackfaster (guest star Susanne Blakeslee) in order to gain information on Della Duck.
4
"The Beagle Birthday Massacre!" Dana Terrace Story by : Francisco Angones, Colleen Evanson,
Bob Snow, Madison Bateman, Christian Magalhaes
Teleplay by : Bob Snow Emmy Cicierega, Ben Holm, Jason Reicher September 30, 2017 (2017-09-30) 106 0.38[22]
After crashing Ma Beagle’s birthday party, Webby and cool girl Lena (guest star Kimiko Glenn) become friends. The extended Beagle clan eventually get their hands on Lena, but with the help of Huey, Dewey and Louie, Webby sets her free. Afterwards, in private, Lena is seen using magic to summon a shadow, calling it "aunt Magica".
5
"Terror of the Terra-firmians!" Matthew Humphreys
Tom Owens Story by : Francisco Angones, Madison Bateman, Colleen Evanson, Christian Magalhaes, Bob Snow
Teleplay by : Christian Magalhaes David Baker, Tom Owens, Vaughn Tada, Brandon Warren October 7, 2017 (2017-10-07) 110 0.39[23]
After seeing a scary movie, Huey, Webby, and Lena explore an abandoned subway line in search of legendary creatures and end up trapped there with the others. As they attempt to escape to the surface, Launchpad becomes more and more paranoid from the movie, and Lena struggles to gain Mrs. Beakley's trust, while secretly receiving instructions from Magica (guest star Catherine Tate).
6
"The House of the Lucky Gander!" Matthew Humphreys
Tom Owens Story by : Francisco Angones, Madison Bateman, Colleen Evanson, Christian Magalhaes, Bob Snow
Teleplay by : Christian Magalhaes Dalton E. Grant Jr.
Vaughn Tada
Brandon Warren October 14, 2017 (2017-10-14)[c] 107 0.34[26]
On their search for The Temple of the Golden Cricket, Scrooge, the nephews, Webby, and Donald make a stop at a casino resort in Macaw to meet Donald's cousin Gladstone Gander (guest star Paul F. Tompkins), only to discover that ancient spirit Toad Liu Hai (guest star B. D. Wong) is holding him hostage because of his massive amount of good luck.
7
"The Infernal Internship of Mark Beaks!" John Aoshima Story by : Francisco Angones, Madison Bateman, Colleen Evanson, Christian Magalhaes, Bob Snow
Teleplay by : Colleen Evanson Mark Garcia
Matthew Humphreys
Tanner Johnson October 21, 2017 (2017-10-21)[c] 108 0.32[27]
Huey and Dewey compete against each other to get the coveted internship of Duckburg's tech mogul and up-and-coming billionaire Mark Beaks (guest star Josh Brener). Meanwhile, Scrooge reluctantly teams up with Glomgold to stop Beaks, and industrial spy Falcon Graves (guest star Robin Atkin Downes) arrives to gain control of Beak's top secret Project Ta-Dah.
8
"The Living Mummies of Toth-Ra!" Dana Terrace Story by : Francisco Angones, Madison Bateman, Colleen Evanson, Christian Magalhaes, Bob Snow
Teleplay by : Madison Bateman Emmy Cicierega
Ben Holm
Jason Reicher October 28, 2017 (2017-10-28) 109 0.29[28]
Scrooge, Huey, Dewey, Louie, Webby and Launchpad enter an Egyptian pyramid, in search for the treasures of mummified pharaoh Toth-Ra and fall into a trap involving them to split up. Louie and Webby become captives of Toth-Ra (guest star Bassem Youssef), and the rest of the group try to gain the support of Amunet (guest star Cree Summer), the leader of the descendants of the pharaoh's original servants.
9
"The Impossible Summit of Mt. Neverrest!" Tom Owens
Matt Youngberg Story by : Francisco Angones, Madison Bateman, Colleen Evanson, Christian Magalhaes, Bob Snow, Noelle Stevenson, Matt Youngberg
Teleplay by : Francisco Angones & Noelle Stevenson Mark Garcia
Dalton E. Grant Jr.
Kalvin Lee
Calvin Suggs December 2, 2017 (2017-12-02) 104 0.40[29]
Scrooge, the nephews, Webby, and Launchpad spend their Christmas attempting to climb to the top of the fabled Mt. Neverrest.
Release[edit]
Broadcast[edit]
The 44 minute pilot, titled Woo-oo!, premiered on August 12 at 12:00am EST and was repeated consecutively for the next 24 hours. Two days later on August 14, the pilot was also released on YouTube.[30] The pilot also aired on Disney Channel on September 17, 2017.[31] The series officially premiered on September 23, 2017, coinciding with the original show's 30th anniversary.[32]
In Canada, the pilot premiered on Disney XD on August 12 and the full series started on September 23, 2017.[33][34] In Australia and New Zealand, the show premiered on Disney Channel on October 13, 2017.[35] In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the pilot premiered on Disney Channel on November 4, 2017 and the full series will debut in early 2018.[36]
Marketing[edit]
On March 10, 2017, a trailer for the series aired on Disney Channel during the premiere of Tangled: Before Ever After, and on June 14, 2017, the title sequence for the series, featuring a re-recording of the theme song written by Mark Mueller and performed by Felicia Barton, was released.[37]
Home media[edit]
A DVD titled Woo-oo! was released on December 12, 2017.[38] The DVD contains the pilot episode and all 6 Welcome to Duckburg shorts.
Critical reception[edit]
On Rotten Tomatoes, the series has a 100% rating.[39] IGN's Chris Hayner gave the series premiere, Woo-oo!, a score of 8.5 out of 10, stating that the reboot "may be aimed at modern young audiences but there's no denying the heart and adventurous spirit it gets from the original series."[40]
Comic book[edit]
An ongoing comic series based on the show is being published by IDW Publishing, with Joe Caramagna serving as writer.[41] Ducktales #0 was released on July 19, 2017, and #1 of the monthly series followed on September 27.[42]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ This is an hour-long episode. When aired as two half-hour episodes, the second half is re-titled "Escape To/From Atlantis!".[18]
Jump up ^ This is the total viewers number only for the first hour of the event (12:00 AM to 1:00 AM). The entire 24-hour premiere event reached 5.4 million total viewers.[20]
^ Jump up to: a b On Disney XD Canada, the episodes "The Infernal Internship of Mark Beaks!" and "The House of the Lucky Gander!" aired in an inverted order, on October 14, 2017[24] and October 21, 2017[25] respectively.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Speelman, Tom (August 12, 2017). "DuckTales: The Disney Comics That Inspired The Cartoon Classic". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Fuller, Becky (December 7, 2016). "DuckTales Reboot Teaser Confirms Summer 2017 Premiere Date". Screen Rants. Retrieved June 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (June 14, 2017). "'DuckTales': Cartoon Reboot Gets Premiere Date On Disney XD". Deadline. Retrieved September 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Calvario, Liz (March 2, 2017). "Disney XD Renews 'DuckTales' Ahead Of Launch, Unveils First-Look Video". Deadline. Retrieved June 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Disney's New "DuckTales" Takes Flight with TV Movie and Series Premiering Saturday, August 12, and Saturday, September 23, Respectively, on Disney XD". The Futon Critic. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Mason, Heather (July 22, 2017). "SDCC 2017: DuckTales Creators Talk Gizmoduck and Casting Lin-Manuel Miranda". Syfy Wire. Retrieved September 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Ducktales Cast Not Returning for Reboot". Behind the Voice Actors. OptimusSolo. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (December 16, 2016). "'DuckTales': David Tennant, Danny Pudi, Ben Schwartz Among Voice Cast for Disney XD Reboot". Deadline. Retrieved January 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ "'DuckTales' Exclusive: Meet the New Faces of Duckburg". June 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Brown, Tracy (June 14, 2017). "Watch the new 'DuckTales' opening title sequence, woo-ooo!" – via LA Times.
Jump up ^ "Lin Manuel-Miranda Joins Voice Cast as Fenton Crackshell/ Gizmoduck". Deadline. May 2017.
Jump up ^ "DuckTales Exclusive: Characters Cast". Entertainment Weekly.
Jump up ^ Snetiker, Marc (July 21, 2017). "Darkwing Duck is headed to DuckTales revival". Entertainment Weekly.
Jump up ^ Disney XD (August 12, 2017). "[Disney XD video about DuckTales art style]". Facebook. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Nordyke, Kimberly (June 14, 2017). "'DuckTales' Theme Song Gets an Update for Disney XD Reboot". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved June 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ King, Darryn. "The Story of the DuckTales Theme, History's Catchiest Single Minute of Music". HWD. Retrieved 2017-11-06.
Jump up ^ "Shows A-Z - ducktales on disney xd". The Futon Critic. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Angones, Frank [@FrankAngones] (September 30, 2017). "Terror of the Terra-Firmians! (Escape To/From Atlantis! is a re-edit of parts of the pilot for programming purposes)" (Tweet). Retrieved October 15, 2017 – via Twitter. line feed character in |title= at position 30 (help)
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (August 14, 2017). "ShowBuzz Daily's Top 150 Friday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 8.11.2017". ShowBuzz Daily. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Disney XD's "DuckTales" Premieres With Over 1-Year Network Highs and #1 Time Period Ranking Among Boy Demographics". Disney ABC Press. August 28, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (September 26, 2017). "SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Saturday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 9.23.2017". ShowBuzz Daily. Retrieved September 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (October 3, 2017). "SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Saturday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 9.30.2017". ShowBuzz Daily. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (Oct 10,2017) UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Saturday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 10.7.2017 Showbuzzdaily.
Jump up ^ "DISNEY XD CANADA October 14th listing". TV Passport. TV Media Inc. 14 October 2017. Archived from the original on 14 October 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "DISNEY XD CANADA October 21st listing". TV Passport. TV Media Inc. 21 October 2017. Archived from the original on 21 October 2017. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (Oct 17,2017) UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Saturday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 10.14.2017 Showbuzzdaily.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (Oct 24,2017) UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Saturday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 10.21.2017 Showbuzzdaily.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (Oct 31,2017) UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Saturday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 10.28.2017 Showbuzzdaily.
Jump up ^ http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-150-saturday-cable-originals-network-finals-12-2-2017.html
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Jump up ^ "Disney Channel Listings". September 18, 2017. Archived from the original on September 18, 2017.
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Jump up ^ Vo, Ryan (July 12, 2017). "Disney XD Canada: Ducktales (2017) Promo #2 (2017)". YouTube. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ Disney XD Canada (September 21, 2017). "You know him, you love him...it's Donald Duck!". Facebook. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ "JOIN THE QUACKIEST FAMILY ON A NEW ADVENTURE!". Disney Channel Australia & New Zealand. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ Fletcher, Alex (October 16, 2017). "DuckTales is back on Disney Channel - Woo-oo!". BT. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ Prudom, Laura. "Here's how 'DuckTales' reimagined that iconic theme song for Disney's reboot". Mashable.
Jump up ^ "DuckTales: Woo-oo! [DVD]". Best Buy.com. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
Jump up ^ https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/ducktales/
Jump up ^ http://www.ign.com/articles/2017/08/09/ducktales-season-1-premiere-woo-oo-review
Jump up ^ "'DuckTales: Treasure Trove' Graphic Novel Coming From IDW". IDW Publishing. September 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Disney's DUCKTALES Returns to Comics This Fall - Nerdist". June 16, 2017.
External links[edit]
Official website
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