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Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom)
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Ministry of Justice
Welsh: Y Weinyddiaeth Gyfiawnder

Headquarters, 102 Petty France, London
Ministerial Department overview
Formed
2007
Jurisdiction
United Kingdom, England and Wales in respect of certain devolved matters
Headquarters
102 Petty France
Westminster, London, SW1H 9AJ
Employees
over 77,000
Annual budget
£8.2 billion & £400 million capital expenditure in 2011–12 [1]
Minister responsible
David Gauke, Secretary of State for Justice
Ministerial Department executive
Richard Heaton, Permanent Secretary and Clerk of the Crown in Chancery
Child agencies
Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority
Her Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service
Legal Aid Agency
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This article is part of the series: Courts of England and Wales
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The Ministry of Justice (MOJ) is a ministerial department of the British Government headed by the Secretary of State for Justice and Lord Chancellor (a combined position). The department is also responsible for areas of constitutional policy not transferred in 2010 to the Deputy Prime Minister, human rights law and information rights law across the UK.
The ministry was formed in May 2007 when some functions of the Home Secretary were combined with the Department for Constitutional Affairs.[2] The latter had replaced the Lord Chancellor's Department in 2003.
Its stated priorities are to reduce re-offending and protect the public, to provide access to justice, to increase confidence in the justice system, and uphold people’s civil liberties.[3] The Secretary of State is the minister responsible to Parliament for the judiciary, the court system and prisons and probation in England and Wales, with some additional UK-wide responsibilities e.g. the UK Supreme Court and judicial appointments by the Crown.
Contents
[hide]
1 Responsibilities
1.1 UK-wide
1.2 England and Wales only
1.3 Crown dependencies
2 Ministers
3 Priorities
4 References
5 External links
Responsibilities[edit]
UK-wide[edit]
This article needs to be updated. In particular: there has been no Deputy PM since 2015. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (October 2017)
Prior to the formation of the Coalition Government in May 2010, the ministry handled relations between the British Government and the three devolved administrations: the Northern Ireland Executive; the Scottish Government; and the Welsh Government.
Responsibility for devolution was then transferred to the re-established position of Deputy Prime Minister, based in the Cabinet Office. He also assumed responsibility for political and constitutional reform, including reform of the House of Lords, the West Lothian Question, electoral policy, political party funding reform and royal succession.
The Deputy Prime Minister and Secretary of State for Justice have joint responsibility for a commission on a British bill of rights.[4]
The Ministry of Justice retained the following UK-wide remit:
European Union and international justice policy
Freedom of information and data protection
Human rights and civil liberties
The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
The National Archives
As the office of the Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, the ministry is also responsible for policy relating to Lord Lieutenants (i.e. the personal representatives of the Queen), "non-delegated" royal, church and hereditary issues, and other constitutional issues, although the exact definition of these is unclear.[5]
The post of Lord Chancellor of Ireland was abolished in 1922 but Northern Ireland remains part of the UK, however the functions and responsibilities do belong from then to the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, currently James Brokenshire.
England and Wales only[edit]
Further information: Legal system in England and Wales
The vast majority of the Ministry of Justice's work takes place in England and Wales. The ministry has no responsibility for devolved criminal justice policy, courts, prisons or probation matters in either Scotland or Northern Ireland.
Within the jurisdiction of England and Wales, the Ministry of Justice is responsible for ensuring that all suspected offenders (including children and young people) are appropriately dealt with from the time they are arrested, until convicted offenders have completed their sentence.[6] The ministry is therefore responsible for all aspects of the criminal law, including the scope and content of criminal offences. Its responsibilities extend to the commissioning of prison services (through the National Offender Management Service), rehabilitation and reducing offending, victim support, the probation service and the out-of-court system, the Youth Justice Board, sentencing and parole policy, criminal injuries compensation and the Criminal Cases Review Commission.
Other responsibilities limited to England and Wales include the administration of all courts and tribunals, land registration, legal aid and the regulation of legal services, coroners and the investigation of deaths, administrative justice and public law, the maintenance of the judiciary, public guardianship and mental incapacity, supervision of restricted patients detained under the Mental Health Act 1983 and civil law and justice, including the family justice system and claims management regulation.
The prison population in England and Wales has risen because politicians of both parties wanted to show they were tough on criminals. This led to overcrowding and increase in other problems like violence, self-harm and suicide.[7]
Crown dependencies[edit]
The Ministry of Justice is the department that facilitates communication between the Crown dependencies i.e. Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man, and HM Government. These are self-governing possessions of the British monarch, through her titles as Duke of Normandy in the Channel Islands and Lord of Mann in the Isle of Man.
It processes legislation for Royal Assent passed by the insular legislative assemblies and consults with the Islands on extending British legislation to them. It also ensures that relevant British legislation is extended to the islands smoothly.[8]
Ministers[edit]
The Ministers in the Ministry of Justice are as follows:[9]
Minister
Rank
Portfolio
The Rt Hon. David Gauke MP Lord High Chancellor
Secretary of State Secretary of State for Justice; the resourcing of the Department, overall strategy on criminal justice, penal policy and rehabilitation, Judicial policy, appointments and conduct, other functions of the Lord Chancellor and EU and international law.
Rory Stewart OBE MP Minister of State Prison operations, reform and industrial relations, probation services and reform industrial relations, sentencing (including out of court disposals), public protections (including Parole Board, IPPs and Serious Further Offences), foreign national offenders, extremism, electronic monitoring, and supporting the Secretary of State on departmental finances and transparency.
Lucy Frazer QC MP Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State Court services and reform (including bills), legal aid, legal support and fees, administrative justice and tribunals, criminal justice, family justice, supporting the Secretary of State on EU exit and international business, shadow Commons minister for Lord Keen's portfolio (except for the civil liabilities bill), Parliamentary minister for Statutory Instruments.
Phillip Lee MP Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Youth Justice, Victims, Female Offenders and Offender Health; victims and witnesses policy (including sponsorship of the Criminal Cases Review Commission and CICA), chair of the Victims Panel, miscarriages of justice, offender health and mental health, mental capacity including sponsorship of the, Office of the Public Guardian, substance misuse, Taylor Review of youth justice, youth custodial estate, Youth Justice Board, youth sentencing, female offenders, coroners, burials, cremation and inquiries policy, family law, family justice and, mediation, including Cafcass, veterans, restorative justice, devolution deals, devolved administrations, Lammy Review of race in the criminal justice system, sponsorship of the Official Solicitor.
The Rt Hon. Lord Keen of Elie QC Ministry of Justice spokesperson for the Lords
Advocate General for Scotland Departmental business in the Lords, and advising the Secretary of State on civil justice (including discount rate and whiplash), legal services, Global Britain, relationship with the legal profession, claims management regulation and the Crown dependencies.
The Permanent Secretary at the Ministry of Justice is Richard Heaton, who is by virtue of his office working for the Lord Chancellor, also Clerk of the Crown in Chancery.
Priorities[edit]
The Ministry has outlined its aims for the 2011–15 Parliament in its structural reform plan,[10] which commits the department to:
1. Introduce a "rehabilitation revolution"
Create a system introducing greater involvement of the private and voluntary sectors in the rehabilitation of offenders, including use of payment by results, to cut reoffending
2. Reform sentencing and penalties
Ensure that the justice system reduces reoffending by introducing more effective sentencing policies and considering the use of restorative justice for adult and youth crimes
3. Reform courts, tribunals and legal aid, and work with others to reform delivery of criminal justice
Reform the legal aid system to make it work more efficiently, while ensuring that we provide necessary support for those who need it most and for those cases that require it.
Develop court reforms to improve the resolution of disputes, maximise efficiency and improve services and work with others to make delivery of criminal justice more effective and efficient
4. Assure "better law"
Assure that law-making is transparent and accountable, safeguarding civil liberties and enabling citizens to receive the proper protection of the law
5. Reform how the ministry delivers its services
Reform the way the Ministry of Justice works. Reassess its ways of working to develop more efficient shared services, match its provision "ever more closely" to demand, reduce duplication and streamline its functions wherever possible.
The departmental board has overall responsibility for delivery of the structural reform plan. It is chaired by the Secretary of State and its membership includes the ministerial team, the Permanent Secretary, the Director General of Finance, the Director General of "Transforming Justice" and departmental non-executive board members.[11] It publishes progress against the plan on the 10 Downing Street website.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Budget 2011 (PDF). London: HM Treasury. 2011. p. 48. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 August 2011. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
Jump up ^ National Audit Office (6 July 2010). Ministry of Justice, Financial Management Report (PDF). TSO. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-10-296533-9.
Jump up ^ List of Ministerial Responsibilities. London: Cabinet Office. 2010. p. 44.
Jump up ^ "Cabinet Office". List of Government departments and ministers. Cabinet Office. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
Jump up ^ "Ministry of Justice". List of Government departments and ministers. Cabinet Office. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
Jump up ^ "Home Office to be split in two". BBC News Online. BBC. 29 March 2007. Retrieved 29 March 2007.
Jump up ^ What is going wrong with the prison system? BBC
Jump up ^ "Ministry of Justice – What we do – Crown dependencies". Retrieved 7 April 2013.
Jump up ^ "Full list of new ministerial and government appointments: July 2016". GOV.UK. Prime Minister's Office, 10 Downing Street. 18 July 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "Structural Reform Plan" (PDF). Ministry of Justice. 10 Downing Street. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2011. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ministry of Justice – Departmental Board". Ministry of Justice. Ministry of Justice. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
External links[edit]
Official website
Ministry of Justice resources for legal professionals
Ministry of Justice organogram from data.gov.uk
[show]
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Ministry of Justice of the United Kingdom
Headquarters: 102 Petty France, Westminster
Ministers
Secretary of State for Justice and Lord Chancellor
Minister of State
2 Parliamentary Under-Secretaries of State
Executive agencies
Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority
HM Courts and Tribunals Service
Legal Aid Agency
HM Prison and Probation Service (HM Prison Service
National Probation Service)
Office of the Public Guardian
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public bodies
Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service
Civil Justice Council
Criminal Cases Review Commission
Independent Monitoring Board
Information Commissioner's Office
Judicial Appointments Commission
Law Commission
Legal Services Board
Parole Board for England and Wales
Sentencing Council
Youth Justice Board
Significant
former agencies
Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council
HM Courts Service
Legal Services Commission
Tribunals Service
Sentencing Guidelines Council
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Departments of Her Majesty's Government
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1. Rejected referendums are italicised. The others were fully or partially approved.
2. There is no law-making body for any regionally devolved area.
3. Administrations of regionally devolved areas are omitted.
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Paul Frees
Frees in a rare onscreen appearance
in The 27th Day (1957)
Born
Solomon Hersh Frees
(1920-06-22)June 22, 1920
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Died
November 2, 1986(1986-11-02) (aged 66)
Tiburon, California, U.S.
Cause of death
Suicide
Resting place
Pacific Ocean
Nationality
American
Other names
The Man of a Thousand Voices
Solomon Hersh Frees
Solomon Frees
Paul Hersh Frees
Buddy Green
Occupation
Actor, voice actor, impressionist, comedian, screenwriter
Years active
1942–1986
Spouse(s)
Anelle McCloud
(m. 1943; d. 1945)
Kleda June Hansen
(m. 1947; div. 1950)
Joyce Schultz
(m. 1951; div. 19??)
Jeri J. Cole
(m. 1967; div. 1969)
Beverly T Marlow
(m. 1971)
Children
2
Solomon Hersh Frees (June 22, 1920 – November 2, 1986), better known as Paul Frees, was an American actor, voice actor, impressionist, comedian and screenwriter known for his work on MGM, Walter Lantz, and Walt Disney theatrical cartoons during the Golden Age of Animation[1] and for providing the voice of Boris Badenov in The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show.[1] Along with his contemporary Mel Blanc, he became known as "The Man of a Thousand Voices."[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
2.1 Disney
2.2 Jay Ward Productions
2.3 Rankin/Bass
2.4 George Pal
2.5 Other voice work
2.6 Other credits
3 Legacy
4 Death
5 Filmography
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
Early life[edit]
Frees was born Solomon Hersh Frees in Chicago, Illinois, on June 22, 1920; he grew up in the Albany Park neighborhood and attended Von Steuben Junior High School[3] in Peoria.[4] He had an unusually wide four-octave voice range that would enable him to voice everything from the thundering basso profondo of the unseen "Ghost Host" in the Haunted Mansion attraction at Disneyland in California[1] and at Walt Disney World in Florida to the voice of the farmer who helps the Little Green Sprout (voiced by Ike Eisenmann) in the Green Giant vegetable commercials.
Career[edit]
In the 1930s, Frees first appeared on vaudeville as an impressionist, under the name Buddy Green. He began his career on radio in 1942 and remained active for more than 40 years. During that time, he was involved in more than 250 films, cartoons and TV appearances; as was the case for many voice actors of the time, his appearances were often uncredited.
Frees' early radio career was cut short when he was drafted into World War II where he fought at Normandy, France on D-Day. He was wounded in action and was returned to the United States for a year of recuperation. He attended the Chouinard Art Institute under the G.I. Bill. When his first wife's health failed, he decided to drop out and return to radio work.[5]
He appeared frequently on Hollywood radio series, including Escape, playing lead roles and alternating with William Conrad as the opening announcer of Suspense in the late 1940s, and parts on Gunsmoke (doing an impersonation of Howard McNear as Doc Adams for at least one episode, "The Cast"), and Crime Classics. One of his few starring roles in this medium was as Jethro Dumont/Green Lama in the 1949 series The Green Lama, as well as a syndicated anthology series The Player, in which Frees narrated and played all the parts.
Frees was often called upon in the 1950s and 1960s to "re-loop" the dialogue of other actors, often to correct for foreign accents, lack of English proficiency, or poor line readings by non-professionals. These dubs extended from a few lines to entire roles. This can be noticed rather clearly in the films Grand Prix (as Izo Yamura) and Midway where Frees reads for Toshiro Mifune's performances as Admiral Yamamoto;[citation needed] or in the film Some Like It Hot, in which Frees provides the voice of funeral director Mozzarella as well as much of the falsetto voice for Tony Curtis' female character Josephine.[citation needed] Frees also dubbed the entire role of Eddie in the Disney film The Ugly Dachshund, replacing actor Dick Wessel, who had died of a sudden heart attack after completion of principal photography.[citation needed] Frees also dubbed Humphrey Bogart in his final film The Harder They Fall.[citation needed] Bogart was suffering at the time from what would be diagnosed as esophageal cancer and thus could barely be heard in some takes, hence the need for Frees to dub in his voice.[citation needed] He also voiced the cars in the comedy The Great Race.
Unlike many voice actors who did most of their work for one studio, Frees worked extensively with at least nine of the major animation production companies of the 20th century: Walt Disney Studios, Warner Bros., Walter Lantz Studios, UPA, Hanna-Barbera, Filmation, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, DePatie-Freleng Enterprises, Jay Ward Productions, Rankin/Bass, and Ruby-Spears.
Disney[edit]
Some of Frees' most memorable voices were for various Disney projects. Frees voiced Disney's Professor Ludwig Von Drake in eighteen episodes of the Disney anthology television series,[6] beginning with the first episode of the newly renamed Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color on September 24, 1961. The character also appeared on many Disneyland Records. Von Drake's introductory cartoon, An Adventure in Color, featured The Spectrum Song, sung by Frees as Von Drake. A different Frees recording of this song appeared on a children's record, and was later reissued on CD.[7]
Frees narrated a number of Disney cartoons, including the Disney educational short film Donald Duck in Mathmagic Land. This short originally aired in the same television episode as Von Drake's first appearance.
He also provided voices for numerous characters at Disney parks, including the unseen "Ghost Host" in the Haunted Mansion attraction at Disneyland and Walt Disney World, and several audio-animatronic pirates, including the Auctioneer, in the Pirates of the Caribbean ride and recorded the iconic "Dead Men Tell No Tales" used in the ride.[8] Disney eventually issued limited edition compact discs commemorating the two rides, featuring outtakes and unused audio tracks by Frees and others. Frees also provided narration for the Tomorrowland attraction Adventure Thru Inner Space (1967–1985) and the original Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln. Audio clips from the attractions in Frees' distinctive voice have even appeared in fireworks shows at Disneyland.
A computer-animated singing bust in Frees' likeness appeared in the 2003 film The Haunted Mansion as a tribute. Similarly, audio recordings of Frees from the Pirates of the Caribbean attraction can be heard in Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End in an homage to the ride.
Frees also had a small live-action role for Disney in the 1959 film The Shaggy Dog, playing Dr. Galvin, a military psychiatrist who attempts to understand why Mr. Daniels believes a shaggy dog can uncover a spy ring. He also did the film's opening narration.
His other Disney credits, most of them narration for segments of the Disney anthology television series, include the following:
The "Man in Space" series of shows (TV, 1954)
From Aesop to Hans Christian Andersen (TV, 1955)
The Nine Lives of Elfego Baca (TV miniseries, 1958)
Tales of Texas John Slaughter (TV miniseries, 1958)
The Shaggy Dog (film, 1959)
The Absent-Minded Professor (film, 1961)
Moochie of Pop Warner Football (TV, 1960)
The Monkey's Uncle (film, 1965)
For his contributions to the Disney legacy, Frees was honored posthumously as a Disney Legend on October 9, 2006.[9]
Jay Ward Productions[edit]
Frees was a regular presence in Jay Ward cartoons, providing the voices of Boris Badenov (from The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show), Inspector Fenwick (from Dudley Do-Right, impersonating Eric Blore), Ape (impersonating Ronald Colman), District Commissioner Alistair and Weevil Plumtree in George of the Jungle, Baron Otto Matic in Tom Slick, Fred in Super Chicken, and the Hoppity Hooper narrator, among numerous others.
Rankin/Bass[edit]
Frees is well-remembered for many characters in Rankin/Bass cartoons and stop-motion animated TV specials, including the central villain Burgermeister Meisterburger and his assistant Grimsley in Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town (1970). He was also the traffic cop, ticket-taker, and Santa Claus in Frosty the Snowman in 1969. He was several voices, including Eon the Terrible, in Rudolph's Shiny New Year in 1976. In 1968, he appeared as Captain Jones in the Thanksgiving special The Mouse on the Mayflower, and that Christmas he appeared as the father of the Drummer Boy, Ali, and as the three Wise Men in The Little Drummer Boy. He provided the voices for several J. R. R. Tolkien characters (most notably the dwarf Bombur) in Rankin/Bass animated versions of The Hobbit and The Return of the King. He also voiced King Haggard's wizard Mabruk in The Last Unicorn and provided several voices for the Jackson Five cartoon series between 1971 and 1973.
The following Rankin Bass TV specials or films played by Paul Frees including:
Cricket on the Hearth (TV special) (1967) Voice of the Sea Captain and others
The Mouse on the Mayflower (1968) Voice of Captain Jones
The Little Drummer Boy (1968) Ali, Aaron's father, three Wise Men
Frosty the Snowman (1969) Traffic cop, ticket taker, Santa Claus
The Mad, Mad, Mad Comedians (1970) Chico Marx, Zeppo Marx, and W.C Fields (uncredited)
Santa Claus is Comin' to Town (1970) Burgermeister Meisterburger, Grimsley, Kringle Bros. Sombertown civilian, Burgermeister's soldiers, Physician
Here Comes Peter Cottontail (1971) Colonel Bunny's assistant, Fireman, Man at Thanksgiving Table, Santa Claus
The First Easter Rabbit (1976) Voices of Santa, Zero, and Spats
Frosty's Winter Wonderland (1976) Voice of Jack Frost
Rudolph's Shiny New Year (1976) Santa Claus, General Ticker, Aeon the Terrible, Humpty Dumpty
The Hobbit (1977) Voice of Bombur and Troll #1
Nestor, The Long-Eared Christmas Donkey (1977) Voice of Olaf and Donkey Dealer
Rudolph and Frosty's Christmas in July (1979) Jack Frost, Policeman, Winterbolt
Jack Frost (1979) Father Winter, Kubla Kraus
The Return of the King (1980) Orc, Uruk-hai, Elrond (replacing the deceased Cyril Ritchard who voiced Elrond in The Hobbit)
The Last Unicorn (1982) Voice of Mabruk
The Flight of Dragons (1982) Voice of Antiquity
George Pal[edit]
Frees portrayed the Orson Welles sound-alike radio reporter in George Pal's film The War of the Worlds (1953), where he is seen dictating into a tape recorder as the military prepares the atomic bomb for use against the invading Martians. Memorably, his character says that the recording is being made "for future history... if any". Frees also provided the film's dramatic opening narration, prior to Sir Cedric Hardwicke's voice-over tour of the solar system.
Frees subsequently provided the apocalyptic voice for the "talking rings" in Pal's later film The Time Machine (1960), in which he explains the ultimate fate of humanity from which the time traveler realizes the origin of the Morlocks and Eloi.
Producer Pal later put Frees to work again in the fantasy film Atlantis, the Lost Continent (also 1960) and doing the opening voice-over narration for Pal's Doc Savage (1975) film.
Frees did the narration for the George Pal documentary The Fantasy Film Worlds of George Pal (1985), wriiten, produced, and directed by Arnold Leibovit. Two years later, Frees provided the voice for Arnie the Dinosaur and the Pillsbury Doughboy in The Puppetoon Movie (1987), also produced and directed by Leibovit.
Other voice work[edit]
The talented actor voiced several characters, including three of the main characters, in the US versions of Belvision's Hergé's Adventures of Tintin cartoons, based on the books by Hergé.
He had also done work for Hanna-Barbera in their Tom and Jerry shorts at MGM. In the 1956 Cinemascope Tom and Jerry cartoon, Blue Cat Blues, he was Jerry's voice who narrated the short; he had also voiced Jerry's cousin Muscles in Jerry's Cousin five years earlier and the cannibals in the Tom and Jerry episode His Mouse Friday where he said the lines "Mmmmm, barbecued cat!" and "Mmmmm, barbecued mouse!"
At the MGM Animation studio, he also did multiple voice roles for the legendary Tex Avery's films, notably playing every role in Cellbound in 1955.
From October 1961 through September 1962, Paul Frees provided the voice for the shady lawyer named Judge Oliver Wendell Clutch, a weasel on the animated program Calvin and the Colonel starring the voices of Freeman Gosden and Charles Correll, the series was an animated television remake of their radio series Amos 'n Andy.
For the 1962 Christmas special Mister Magoo's Christmas Carol, produced by UPA, Paul Frees voiced several characters, including Fezziwig, the Charity Man, two of the opportunists who steal from the dead man (Eyepatch Man and Tall Tophat Man)[10] and Mister Magoo's Broadway theatre director. He subsequently provided numerous voices for further cartoons in the series that followed, The Famous Adventures of Mr. Magoo.
Frees provided the voices of both John Lennon and George Harrison in the 1965 The Beatles cartoon series, the narrator, Big D and Fluid Man in the 1966 cartoon series, Frankenstein Jr. and The Impossibles and of The Thing in the 1967 series Fantastic Four, as well as President James Norcross in the 1967 cartoon series Super President. He played several roles—narrator, Chief of State, the judges and the bailiff—in the George Lucas / John Korty animated film, Twice Upon a Time.
Frees provided the voice-over for the trailer to the 1971 Clint Eastwood thriller, Play Misty for Me.
In television commercials, he was the voice of the Pillsbury Doughboy, the 7-Up bird Fresh-Up Freddie, Froot Loops spokesbird Toucan Sam (previously voiced by Mel Blanc, later voiced by Maurice LaMarche), Boo-Berry in the series of monster cereal commercials, and The Farmer who helps The Little Green Sprout, (Voiced by Ike Eisenmann) who called out to the Jolly Green Giant, "So what's new besides ho-ho-ho, Green Giant?"
Frees narrated many live action films and television series, including Naked City (1958–1963). Paul Frees also provided the voice of the eccentric billionaire John Beresford Tipton, always seated in his chair with his back to the viewer while talking to his employee Michael Anthony (fellow voice-artist Marvin Miller), on the dramatic series The Millionaire.
He was the narrator at the beginning of the film The Disorderly Orderly starring Jerry Lewis. He also "looped" an actor's voice in the film The Ladies Man also starring Jerry Lewis.
Frees had a wide range of other roles, usually heard but not seen, and frequently without screen credit. The resonance of his natural voice was similar to that of Orson Welles, and he performed a Welles impression several times. Some highlights of his voice work are as follows:
Narrator for The Manchurian Candidate.
Narrated 16 episodes of the NBC science fiction television series Steve Canyon, starring Dean Fredericks (1958–1959)
Narrated the documentary about J. Robert Oppenheimer, The Day After Trinity
The Peter Lorre voice in the Spike Jones RCA Victor recording of the song My Old Flame. When talking softly, the voice sounds much like Lorre. When the character segués into a manic rant for a few lines, the voice anticipates the Ludwig von Drake characterization. Frees appeared on several other Spike Jones recordings including Too Young and Pop Corn Sack.
Dialog looping for French actor Jacques Roux, among other uncredited voice work, in the 1963 film The List of Adrian Messenger.
The Orson Welles sound-alike narrator in Stan Freberg Presents The United States of America Vol. 1. When Vol. 2 came out after his death, he was replaced by Corey Burton.
Another Orson Welles sound-alike as the voice of the aliens in Earth vs. the Flying Saucers
Yet again, as an Orson Welles sound-alike narrator in the 1967 film The St. Valentine's Day Massacre.
The narrator for the record Stan Freberg Presents the United States of America Volume One: The Early Years
The uncredited voice of a reporter trying to get a quote from General George S. Patton in the 1970 film Patton
Screen credit for multiple voices in the 1971 animated television film The Point!, based on the album by Harry Nilsson
The uncredited voice of the sentient supercomputer Colossus in the film Colossus: The Forbin Project.
Narrator of the pre-show for Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln at the Illinois Pavilion of the 1964-1965 New York World's Fair. The exhibit was produced by Disney, and later moved to Disneyland.
The shrouded figure of "Death" (another near-Welles characterization) in the Woody Allen film Love and Death.
The narration for the spoof short film Hardware Wars (1977), which was styled as a mock film trailer, specifically parodying Orson Welles' narration of the original Star Wars trailer.
2nd Voice of KARR in "K.I.T.T. vs. K.A.R.R." - a 3rd-season episode of Knight Rider.
Voice of "Josephine" (the female persona of Tony Curtis's character Joe) in the Billy Wilder film Some Like It Hot.[11]
The voice of Dr. Hu in the English-language version of King Kong Escapes.
The voices of "Antoine" and "Alecto" in the English-language version of Atoll K (aka Utopia).
The voice of the hermit crab "Crusty" in The Incredible Mr. Limpet, a Warner Bros. feature that mixed live action with animation.
Intro voice for Mister Terrific, a sitcom of 17 episodes in 1967 with Stephen Strimpell.
Intro voice for Bradbury 13, a series of thirteen radio dramas featuring Ray Bradbury short stories, originally produced for National Public Radio by Michael McDonough at Brigham Young University, 1984.
Credited with singing "Darktown Strutters' Ball" in the 1971 film The Abominable Dr. Phibes (as heard on the film's soundtrack album, along with several other songs performed in character but not used in the film).[12]
Voice of the title character in the 1957 film The Cyclops.
Narrator of extended "recap" title sequence in early first-season episodes of I Dream of Jeannie in 1965 (and the show's "sponsor I.D." announcer during season one).
Featured on the 1959 Spike Jones album Spike Jones in Hi-Fi, A Spooktacular in Screaming Sound in recordings "Poisen to Poisen," "My Old Flame," "Everything Happens to Me" and "This is your Death," doing the vocal and voices. "Tammy": vocal by Paul Frees, "Two Heads are Better than One": vocal by George Rock and Paul Frees.
The uncredited voice of the radio news announcer in the 1964 musical film Robin and the 7 Hoods.
Narrator of the documentary The Fantasy Film Worlds of George Pal in 1985.
Narrator and Voice of Satan (visualized in the film as a snake) in the 1962 film The World's Greatest Sinner.
Other credits[edit]
Although Frees was primarily known for his voice work (like Mel Blanc, he was known in the industry as "The Man of a Thousand Voices"), he was also a songwriter and screenwriter. His most notable screenwriting work was the little-seen 1960 film The Beatniks, a screed against the then-rising Beat counterculture in the vein of Reefer Madness. In 1992, the film was mocked on an episode of Mystery Science Theater 3000.
On rare occasions, Frees appeared on-camera, usually in minor roles. In 1954, he appeared in the film noir classic Suddenly starring Frank Sinatra and Sterling Hayden. He played a scientist in The Thing from Another World, a death-row priest in A Place in the Sun, and French fur trader McMasters in The Big Sky. In 1955, he appeared as an irate husband suing his wife (played by Ann Doran) for alimony in an episode of CBS's sitcom The Ray Milland Show.
In Jet Pilot, Frees plays a menacing Soviet officer whose job is to watchdog pilot Janet Leigh, but instead manages to eject himself from a parked jet, enabling Leigh to rescue John Wayne and fly back to the West. In the 1970 film Patton, Frees provided the voices of a war correspondent interviewing Patton while Patton rides his horse, and of a member of Patton's staff, as well as voice-overs for several other actors, including the sheik hosting a troop review for Patton. Frees is also heard in Tora! Tora! Tora! as the English-language voice of the Japanese ambassador to the United States. He also does the final narration after the Earth's destruction in Beneath the Planet of the Apes, the first sequel to Planet of the Apes.
Legacy[edit]
Since Frees' death, voice actor Corey Burton has provided voices for some of Frees's characters. Burton, who met Frees in the late 1970s, has re-recorded introductions for some Disneyland attractions that were originally recorded by Frees. In some cases, Frees' original, pre-digital recordings had simply deteriorated over time. Those that were slightly rewritten to reflect newer safety standards are performed by actors Joe Leahy (English) and Fabio Rodriguez (Spanish).[citation needed]
Death[edit]
Frees died on November 2, 1986 at his home from a self-administered overdose of pain medication. The cause of death on his death certificate is listed as suicide. The statement released to the press by his agent said that he died from heart failure.[13]
He was living in Tiburon, California, and was survived by his son and his daughter.[14] His body was cremated and his ashes scattered over the Pacific Ocean.
Filmography[edit]
Radio
Original Air Date
Program
Role
Episode
1945 The Lux Radio Theatre Multiple Characters
1945–47 A Man Named Jordan Digger Slade
1946 Rogue's Gallery
1946 The Whistler
1946 The Alan Young Show
1946–52 Suspense Announcer / Passerby / Earl White / Frankenstein's Monster / Hubbard
1947 Ellery Queen
1947–48 Escape Doctor Dubosk / Finnie Morner / John Woolfolk / Sanger Rainsford "The Fourth Man"
"Snake Doctor"
"Wild Oranges"
"The Most Dangerous Game"
1948 Your Movietown Radio Theatre Multiple Characters
1948 The First Nighter Program Additional voices
1949 The Green Lama Jethro Dumont / Green Lama
1949 Rocky Jordan
1949 Four Star Playhouse
1951 The Silent Men
1951 Mr. Aladdin Robert Aladdin
1951 Broadway Is My Beat
1951 The Thing from Another World Dr. Voorhees
1952–53 Gunsmoke Sut Grider / Gallagher / Doc Charles Adams (1 episode) "Heat Spell"
"The Soldier"
"The Cast"
1953 Crime Classics Charles McManus / Charley Ford / Charles Drew, Sr. / Pub Man "The Axe and the Droot Family- How They Fared"
"The Death of a Picture Hanger"
"The Shrapnelled Body of Charles Drew, Sr."
1953 Mr. President Additional Voices
1953 On Stage Chauffeur "Skin Deep"
1954 Fibber McGee and Molly
1956 Yours Truly, Johnny Dollar Bert Parker "The Jolly Roger Fraud" (Part 1)
1957 The CBS Radio Workshop Captain Vesey / Ogden the Messenger "Sweet Cherries in Charleston"
1984 Bradbury 13 Narrator
Film
Year
Film
Role
Notes
1947 Crazy with the Heat Oasis Soda Fountain Proprietor Voice, Uncredited
1949 The Adventures of Sir Galahad The Black Knight Voice, Uncredited
1950 Jerry and the Lion Radio Announcer
1950 Primitive Pluto Primo Pluto Short
1951 A Place in the Sun Rev. Morrison Live-Action
1951 Jerry's Cousin Cousin Muscles, Leader of gang cats thugs
1951 Sleepy-Time Tom
1951 His Mouse Friday Jerry / Cannibals Uncredited
1951 The Thing From Another World Dr. Voorhees Live-Action
1951 His Kind of Woman Corley Live-Action
1952 The Star Richard Stanley Live-Action
1952 Cruise Cat Ship's Captain
1952 Busybody Bear Barney Bear
1953 Life with Tom Radio Announcer
1953 The Missing Mouse Radio Announcer
1953 Wee Willy Wildcat Barney Bear
1953 The War of the Worlds Radio Reporter Live-Action
1953 Buccaneer Woodpecker Wally Walrus
1953 T.V. of Tomorrow Narrator
1954 Homesteader Droopy Narrator
1954 Baby Butch Butch
1954 The Farm of Tomorrow Narrator
1954 Suddenly Benny Live-Action
1955 Cellbound Prisoner / Warden / Little Wife
1956 Down Beat Bear First Radio Announcer
1956 Blue Cat Blues Jerry Mouse
1956 Francis in the Haunted House Francis
1956 The Harder They Fall Priest Live-action
1957 The 27th Day Ward Mason / Newscaster Live-Action
Uncredited
1957 Jet Pilot Lt. Tiompkin Uncredited
1957 The Cyclops Cyclops
1957 The Snow Queen Ol Dreamy / the Raven English Voice Only
Uncredited
1958 Space Master X-7 Dr. Charles T. Pommer
1959 Some Like It Hot Tony Curtis as Josephine
1959 The Shaggy Dog Narrator / J. W. Galvin
1960 Loopy De Loop Watchdog "Tale of a Wolf"
1960 Spartacus Various voices, uncredited
1961 One Hundred and One Dalmatians Dirty Dawson Uncredited
1961 The Absent-Minded Professor Loudspeaker Voice / Air Force Dispatcher Voice
Uncredited
1961 Clash and Carry Wally Walrus Wally Walrus Short
1962-72 The Beary Family Charlie Beary /Junior Beary
1962 A Symposium on Popular Songs Ludwig Von Drake / Al Jolson
1962 The World's Greatest Sinner Narrator (The Snake) Voice
1962 Gay Purr-ee Meowrice
1963 Stowaway Woody Unknown Woody Woodpecker Short
1964 Robin and the 7 Hoods Radio News Announcer
1964 The Disorderly Orderly Narrator
1964 The Carpetbaggers Narrator Uncredited
1964 The Brass Bottle Lawyer Jennings Voice
Uncredited
1964 Mary Poppins Barnyard Horse Voice
Uncredited
1965 The Great Race Automobiles
1965 Goofy's Freeway Troubles Narrator Voice
Uncredited
Goofy Short
1965 The Outlaws Is Coming Narrator / The Magic Talking Mirror Voice
Uncredited
1965 Sink Pink Hunter / Native Bearer Pink Panther Short
1965 Pink Panzer Neighbor / Devil Pink Panther Short
1966 The Man Called Flintstone Green Goose / Agent Triple X / Mario / Rock Slag / Ali / Bobo
1967 King Kong Escapes Dr. Hu Voice
Uncredited
English Voice Only
1967 The St. Valentine's Day Massacre Narrator Voice
Uncredited
1970 Tora! Tora! Tora! Japanese Ambassador Kichisaburo Nomura Uncredited
1970 Beneath the Planet of the Apes Ending Voiceover Voice
Uncredited
1970 Patton War Correspondent / Member of the Staff of Patton / Sheik
1975 Doc Savage: The Man of Bronze Narrator Uncredited
1976 Midway Adm. Yamamoto Voice
Uncredited
1982 The Flight of Dragons Antiquity Uncredited
1982 The Last Unicorn Mabruk
1983 Twice Upon a Time Narrator / Chief of State / Judges in The Pantry of Pomp / Bailiff
1985 The Fantasy Film Worlds of George Pal Narrator Documentary about George Pal
1987 The Puppetoon Movie Voice of Arnie the Dinosaur and Pillsbury Doughboy Released posthumously; 7 months after his death. This movie was dedicated to Paul Frees.
Television
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1953 The Jack Benny Program Narrator "The Honolulu Trip"
1955 Meet Mr. McNutley Husband Live-Action
"Jury Duty"
1955–56 The Bob Cummings Show Television announcer
1955–60 The Millionaire John Beresford Tipton Voice
1956 Jane Wyman Presents Emcee Live-Action
"Ten Percent"
1956–58 Alfred Hitchcock Presents Announcer / Swanson / Mary's Father Voice
1957 The Adventures of Jim Bowie Etienne Live-Action
"German George"
1957–68, 1976 Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color Ludwig Von Drake (16 episodes) / Narrator / Donald Duck (1 episode) / Moby Duck (1 episode) Voice
1957–1961 The Woody Woodpecker Show Wally Walrus / Charlie / Doc / Various
1958–59 Steve Canyon Narrator
1959–64 The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show Boris / Inspector Fenwick / Captain Peter "Wrong Way" Peachfuzz / Additional Voices 163 Episodes / 326 Segments
1960 Mister Magoo Various 13 Episodes
1960–62 The Flintstones Mr. Granite / Rockenschpeel / TV Announcer / Ed Bedrock "The Babysitters"
"The Happy Household"
1961 Top Cat Tony / Additional Voices "The Maharajah of Pookajee"
"All That Jazz"
"The $1,000,000 Derby"
"The Con Men"
"Dibble's Double"
1961 The Dick Tracy Show Go-Go Gomez Uncredited
1961–62 Calvin and the Colonel Judge Oliver Wendell Clutch
1962 Mister Magoo's Christmas Carol Stage Director / Charity Man / Fezziwig / Old Joe / Undertaker TV Special
1963 Krazy Kat Ignatz Mouse
1962–64 Fractured Flickers Narrator / Various 26 episodes
1964–65 The Famous Adventures of Mr. Magoo Sherlock Holmes / Various 5 episodes
1961–66 Hoppity Hooper Narrator / Additional Voices 52 Episodes / 104 Segments
1965 The New Three Stooges Sarge / Von Vonce / Bomb Maker Voice
"That Little Old Bomb Maker"
1965 I Dream of Jeannie Narrator Voice
"My Hero?"
"Guess What Happened on the Way to the Moon?"
1965–66 The Atom Ant/Secret Squirrel Show Squiddly Diddly / Morocco Mole / Double-Q / Yellow Pinkie / Claude Hopper 26 episodes
1965–69 The Beatles John Lennon / George Harrison
1966 The Impossibles Fluid-Man / Professor Stretch / Captain Kid / Puzzler / Infamous Mr. Instant / Artful Archer / Dr. Futuro 26 episodes
1966 Laurel and Hardy Additional Characters
1966 Get Smart Greenstreet Character / Lorre Character "Casablanca"
1966–67 The Super 6 Dispatcher "Super Chief" / Brother Matzoriley #1 and #3 / Captain Whammo
1966–68 Space Ghost Brago / Zeron 20 Episodes
1967 Cricket on the Hearth Sea Captain / Caw / Others TV special
1967–70 George of the Jungle Ape / Weevil / Baron Otto Matic / Various 17 episodes
1967 Shazzan Various 6 episodes
1967 The Superman/Aquaman Hour of Adventure Kobarah / Evil Star Voice
"Hawkman: Peril from Pluto"
"Green Lantern: Evil Is as Evil Does"
1967–68 Super President James Norcross / Narrator
1967–68 The Fantastic 4 Ben Grimm / The Thing 20 episodes
1968 The Mouse on the Mayflower Captain Christopher Jones TV Special
1968 Arabian Knights Vangore 18 episodes
1968 The Little Drummer Boy Ali / Aaron's Father / The Three Wise Men / Meshaw / Jamilie / Various other Male roles TV Special
1969 The Pink Panther Show Man Talking to the Pink Panther / Texan Hunter / The Pink Panther (1 episode)
1969 The Banana Splits Adventure Hour Evil Vangore / Sazoom 8 episodes
1969 Frosty the Snowman Santa Claus / Traffic Cop TV Special
1970 The Mad, Mad, Mad Comedians W. C. Fields / Zeppo Marx / Harpo Marx / Traffic Cop TV Special
1970 Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town Burgermeister Meisterburger / Newsreel Announcer / Grimsby / Topper / Additional Voices / Ebenezer Scrooge / Ringle, Dingle, Zingle, Tingle, & Wingle / Kringle TV Special
1971 Hawaii Five-O Goro Shibata Voice
"Odd Man In"
1971 Here Comes Peter Cottontail Santa Claus / Man at Thanksgiving Table / Colonel Bunny's assistant / Fireman / Ben the Rooster TV special
1971 The Point! Oblio's Father / Pointed Man's Right Head / King / Leaf Man / Villagers TV animated feature; based on the Harry Nilsson album
1971–72 The Jackson 5ive Additional Voices
1972 Alias Smith and Jones Hannibal Heyes Voice
"The Men That Corrupted Hadleyburg"
1972 Hawaii Five-O Steve McGarrett Imposter Voice
"The Ninety-Second War: Part I"
1972 The ABC Saturday Superstar Movie Iguana Voice
"Willie Mays and the Say-Hey Kid"
1972-73 The Osmonds Additional Voices
1974–76 Run, Joe, Run Narrator
1975 Wonder Woman Prologue Narrator / Franklin D. Roosevelt Voice
"The New Original Wonder Woman"
1976 The First Easter Rabbit Santa Claus / Zero / Spats TV Special
1976 Frosty's Winter Wonderland Jack Frost / Traffic Cop TV Special
1976 Rudolph's Shiny New Year Aeon the Terrible / Santa Claus / General Ticker / Humpty Dumpty TV Special
1976 The Pink Panther Laugh-and-a-Half Hour-and-a-Half Show Additional Voices
1977 The Hobbit Bombur / Troll #1 TV Movie
1977 Nestor, The Long-Eared Christmas Donkey Olaf / Donkey Dealer TV Special
1977 Fantastic Animation Festival Opening Narrator TV special, uncredited
1978 The Stingiest Man in Town Ghost of Christmas Past / Ghost of Christmas Present TV Special
1979 Rudolph and Frosty's Christmas in July Jack Frost / Officer Kelly / Winterbolt / Genie of the Ice Scepter / Keeper of the Cave of Lost Rejections TV Movie
1979 Jack Frost Father Winter / Kubla Klaus TV Special
1980 The Return of the King Elrond / Orc / Uruk-hai / Goblin TV movie
1982 Woody Woodpecker and His Friends Himself / Various Video Documentary
1984 Knight Rider KARR Voice
"K.I.T.T. vs K.A.R.R."
1986 DTV Valentine Ludwig Von Drake / Announcer TV movie
1987 The Wind in the Willows Wayfarer Released 8 months after Frees' death
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "Paul Frees". The New York Times. November 5, 1986.
Jump up ^ Reinehr, Robert C.; Swartz, John D. (2008), The A to Z of Old Time Radio, Rowman & Littlefield, p. 104, ISBN 978-0-8108-7616-3
Jump up ^ Scott, Keith (2002). The Moose That Roared. Macmillan. pp. 84–85. ISBN 9781466867437.
Jump up ^ "Our School / History". www.peoriapublicschools.org. Von Steuben Middle School. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Perimutter, David (2014), America Toons In: A History of Television Animation, McFarland & Company, p. 78, ISBN 978-0-7864-7650-3
Jump up ^ Smith, Dave (1998). The Updated Official Encyclopedia: Disney A to Z. New York: Hyperion Books. p. 337. ISBN 0-7868-6391-9.
Jump up ^ Fisher, David J. (1992). The Music of Disney: A Legacy in Song Collector's Book. Walt Disney Records. pp. 28, 48. ISBN 0-7868-6359-5.
Jump up ^ 365 Days of Magic blog Archived 2013-09-27 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Sir Elton John, Joe Ranft Headline Disney Legends Award". AWN Headline News. 2006-10-09. Archived from the original on 2007-09-20. Retrieved 2007-11-04.
Jump up ^ Howe, Tom (2002). "Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol and Scrooge". Featured CED VideoDisc No. 26 - Fall 2002. CED Magic. Retrieved 2006-12-25.
Jump up ^ Erickson, Glenn (1999). "Some Like It Hot and the Legendary Paul Frees". DVD Savant. Kleinman.com Inc. Retrieved 2006-12-25.
Jump up ^ Lampley, Jonathan. Women in the Horror Films of Vincent Price. McFarland, 2010. p. 160. eBook.
Jump up ^ Ohmart, Ben. Welcome, Foolish Mortals - The Life & Voices of Paul Frees. Revised 2nd edition (2017) (Albany: BearManor Media) ISBN 159393842X
Jump up ^ Folkart, Burt A. (November 6, 1986). "From 'The Millionaire' to 'Bullwinkle' : Paul Frees, Man of Many Voices, Dies". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 20, 2015. Retrieved April 26, 2016.
Further reading[edit]
Frees, Paul, The Writings of Paul Frees. (2004) (Albany: BearManor Media) ISBN 1-59393-011-9
Frees, Paul, You’d Be So Nice To Come Home To: The Letters of Paul “Buddy” Frees and Annelle Frees. (2011) (Albany: BearManor Media) ISBN 1-59393-646-X
Ohmart, Ben. Welcome ... Foolish Mortals - The Life & Voices of Paul Frees. (2004) (Albany: BearManor Media) ISBN 1-59393-004-6. Filled with rare photos & interviews.
Young, Jordan R. (2005). Spike Jones Off the Record: The Man Who Murdered Music. (3rd edition) Albany: BearManor Media ISBN 1-59393-012-7.
External links[edit]
Paul Frees on IMDb
Paul Frees at the TCM Movie Database
Paul Frees at AllMovie
Paul Frees at Find a Grave
What a Character! page on Paul Frees
Voice Chasers "voiceography"
Disney Legends profile
Fred Frees website
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
BNF: cb141789640 (data)
ISNI: 0000 0001 1030 5383
LCCN: no97020056
MusicBrainz: a4a7ee73-d575-4e6d-9515-2fd0474f2a4a
SNAC: w6p42t1j
VIAF: 87346901
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Frees&oldid=849525329"
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Rule of three (writing)
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The Three Bears
The rule of three is a writing principle that suggests that a trio of events or characters is more humorous, satisfying, or effective than other numbers in execution of the story and engaging the reader.[1] The reader or audience of this form of text is also thereby more likely to remember the information conveyed. This is because having three entities combines both brevity and rhythm with having the smallest amount of information to create a pattern.[2][3] It makes the author or speaker appear knowledgeable while being both simple and catchy.
Slogans, film titles and a variety of other things have been structured in threes, a tradition that grew out of oral storytelling.[4] Examples include the Three Little Pigs, Three Billy Goats Gruff, and the Three Musketeers. Similarly, adjectives are often grouped in threes to emphasize an idea.
The Latin phrase "omne trium perfectum" (everything that comes in threes is perfect, or, every set of three is complete) conveys the same idea as the rule of three.
Contents
[hide]
1 Meaning
2 Slogans and catchphrases
3 Comedy
4 Fairy tales
5 Literature
6 Rhetoric and public speaking
7 Law
8 See also
9 References
Meaning[edit]
The rule of three can refer to a collection of three words, phrases, sentences, lines, paragraphs/stanzas, chapters/sections of writing and even whole books.[3][5] The three elements together are known as a triad.[6] The technique may be used not just in prose but poetry, oral storytelling, films and advertising. In photography, the rule of thirds produces a similar effect by dividing an image into three vertically and horizontally.[7]
A tricolon is a more specific use of the rule of three where three words or phrases are equal in length and grammatical form.[8]
A hendiatris is a figure of speech where three successive words are used to express a single central idea.[6] As a slogan or motto, this is known as a tripartite motto.[9]
Slogans and catchphrases[edit]
Many advertising campaigns and public information slogans use the technique to create a catchy, memorable way of displaying information. In marketing theory, American advertising and sales pioneer St. Elmo Lewis laid out his three chief copywriting principles, which he felt were crucial for effective advertising:
"The mission of an advertisement is to attract a reader so that he will look at the advertisement and start to read it; then to interest him, so that he will continue to read it; then to convince him, so that when he has read it he will believe it. If an advertisement contains these three qualities of success, it is a successful advertisement."[citation needed]
Better-known examples include:
Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness – Rights outlined in The Declaration of Independence
Liberté, égalité, fraternité[10] – The slogan of the French Republic predating 1790
A Mars a day helps you work, rest and play[11] – Mars advertising slogan since 1959
Stop, Look and Listen[12][13] – A public road and level crossing safety slogan
Stop, Drop and Roll - A fire safety slogan listing the steps to take if one's clothing has caught fire
Faster, Higher, Stronger[14] – The Olympic motto; a translation of the Latin Citius, Altius, Fortius
Veni, vidi, vici – A triad translated from Latin as "I came, I saw, I conquered", and popularly attributed to Julius Caesar of Rome.
Slip-Slop-Slap - Australian sun protection (anti-skin-cancer) campaign.
Comedy[edit]
In comedy, it is also called a comic triple.[15] The third element is often used to create an effect of surprise with an audience, especially if it differs from the first two.[3] For instance, jokes might feature three stereotyped individuals—such as an Englishman, an Irishman and a Scotsman; or a blonde, a brunette, and a redhead—where the surprise or punchline of the joke comes from the third character.
Fairy tales[edit]
This article contains embedded lists that may be poorly defined, unverified or indiscriminate. Please help to clean it up to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Where appropriate, incorporate items into the main body of the article. (August 2012)
In storytelling, authors often create triplets or structures in three parts. In its simplest form, this is merely beginning, middle, and end, from Aristotle's Poetics. Syd Field wrote a popular handbook of screenwriting, in which he touted the advantages of three-act structure over the more traditional five-act structure used by William Shakespeare and many other famous playwrights.
Snow White receives three visits from her wicked stepmother
Vladimir Propp, in his Morphology of the Folk Tale, concluded that any of the elements in a folktale could be negated twice so that it would repeat thrice.[16] This is common not only in the Russian tales he studied but throughout folk tales and fairy tales: most commonly, perhaps, in that the youngest son is usually the third, although fairy tales often display the rule of three in the most blatant form. A small sample of the latter includes:
Rumpelstiltskin spins thrice for the heroine and lets her guess his name thrice over a period of three days.
In East of the Sun and West of the Moon, the heroine receives three gifts while she is searching for her lost husband; when she finds where he is prisoner, she must use them to thrice bribe her way to the hero (the first two times she was unable to tell her story because he lay in a drugged sleep).
In Brother and Sister, Brother is transformed into a deer when he drinks from the third stream that their wicked stepmother enchanted, and when Sister is killed by the same stepmother, she visits her child's room thrice, being caught and restored the third time.
In The Dancing Water, the Singing Apple, and the Speaking Bird, a woman says she will bear the king three marvelous children; when they reappear, their envious aunts attempt to kill them by sending them on three quests, after the three marvelous things of the title.
In The Silent Princess, a prince breaks a peasant woman's pitcher thrice, and is cursed; when he finds the title princess, he must persuade her to speak thrice.
In The Love for Three Oranges, the hero picks three magical oranges, and only with the third is he able to keep the woman who springs out of it.
Literature[edit]
In Charles Dickens's A Christmas Carol, Marley's Ghost tells Ebenezer Scrooge he will receive visits from three spirits: The Ghost of Christmas Past, The Ghost of Christmas Present, and finally The Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come, to which Scrooge says, "Spirit, I fear you most of all."
In the musical Fiddler on the Roof, Tevye must give his three eldest daughters away, one after another. Each match progressively challenges his faith, as represented by a monologue in which he argues with himself using the phrase "on the other hand" to play the devil's advocate and convince himself to side with his daughters. This is subverted with the youngest daughter who wishes to marry a Gentile, for which Tevye concludes that "No, there is no other hand."
In Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, Mark Antony starts his speech by using the rule of three: Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears, to which the commoners start to listen.
Rhetoric and public speaking[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The use of a series of three elements is also a well-known feature of public oratory. Max Atkinson, in his book on oratory entitled Our Masters' Voices,[17] gives interesting examples of how public speakers use three-part phrases to generate what he calls 'claptraps', evoking audience applause.
Martin Luther King Jr., the civil rights activist and preacher, was known for his uses of tripling and the rule of three throughout his many influential speeches. For example, the speech "Non-Violence and Racial Justice" contained a binary opposition made up of the rule of three: "insult, injustice and exploitation", followed a few lines later by "justice, good will, and brotherhood".[18] Conversely, segregationist Alabama governor George Wallace inveighed: "segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever" during his 1963 inaugural address.[19]
The appeal of the three-fold pattern is also illustrated by the transformation of Winston Churchill's reference to "blood, toil, tears and sweat" (echoing Garibaldi and Theodore Roosevelt) in popular recollection to "blood, sweat and tears".[20][21] Similarly, Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan describes the importance of community, without which life would be "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short". This has been reduced to the commonly heard triad "nasty, brutish and short".
The Welsh Triads and Irish Triads suggest the use of three's was also a mnemonic device—easy-to-learn verses that were pointers to other information also committed to memory by Druids.
Law[edit]
A common feature of legal documents which give property or grant rights as drafted by legal professionals perpetuates old English practice in which the rule of three echoes the intended Act by the varying restatement of the act in triplicate.[citation needed] For example, in a Will or Trust instrument the phrase "I give, devise and bequeath ..."
Usually (in court) a common example is quoted - "tell us the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth.[22][relevant? – discuss]
See also[edit]
Children's literature portal
Hendiatris (or tripartite motto)
Rule of thirds; a similar concept applied to visual art
Tricolon
The Three Classic Laws of thought
Triads
Triple deity
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "How to Use the "Rule of Three" to Create Engaging Content - Copyblogger". Retrieved 2015-06-01.
Jump up ^ "What is the mysterious 'Rule of Three'? | Copywriters of Distinction". rule-of-three.co.uk. Retrieved 2015-06-01.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Writing: The power of three". www.jonathancrossfield.com. Retrieved 2015-06-05.
Jump up ^ "Toastmasters, November 2013". Toastmaster. p. 17.
Jump up ^ Craigie, Alex. "Do You Use The Rhetorical "Rule of Three"?". At Counsel Table. Retrieved 2015-06-05.
^ Jump up to: a b "How to Use the Rule of Three in Your Speeches". Retrieved 2015-06-05.
Jump up ^ "Rule of Thirds - Digital Photography School". Retrieved 2015-06-05.
Jump up ^ "One, Two, Three: What Is a Tricolon?". Retrieved 2015-06-05.
Jump up ^ Ltd., Blair. "ODLT dictionary definition of Tripartite motto". www.odlt.org. Retrieved 2015-06-05.
Jump up ^ "Slogan of the French Republic". Archived from the original on 2015-05-12. Retrieved 2015-06-01.
Jump up ^ Sweney, Mark. "Mars revives 'Work, rest, play' slogan with ad featuring bell-ringing monks". the Guardian. Retrieved 2015-06-01.
Jump up ^ "Stop, Look and Listen - Child Road Safety Game - Tales of the Road". talesoftheroad.direct.gov.uk. Retrieved 2015-06-01.
Jump up ^ "Crossing Ahead, Stop, Look And Listen". www.lib.sk.ca. Archived from the original on 2015-12-11. Retrieved 2015-06-01.
Jump up ^ "Olympic.org Registration". registration.olympic.org. Archived from the original on 2015-09-18. Retrieved 2015-06-01.
Jump up ^ "The Rule of Three and the Comic Triple | Critique Circle". Critique Circle. Retrieved 2015-06-05.
Jump up ^ Propp, Vladimir. Morphology of the Folk Tale. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1968, p. 74, ISBN 0-292-78376-0
Jump up ^ Atkinson, J. Maxwell. Our Masters' Voices: The Language and Body Language of Politics. London: Methuen, 1984. ISBN 0-416-37690-8
Jump up ^ "Nonviolence and Racial Justice" (PDF). www.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2015-06-01.
Jump up ^ Governor George Wallace of Alabama. "Inaugural Address (1963) The "Segregation Now, Segregation Forever" Speech" (PDF). web.utk.edu. Retrieved 2015-06-01.
Jump up ^ "Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat". www.winstonchurchill.org. Retrieved 2015-06-01.
Jump up ^ "Presentation Skills 3. The Rule of Three". www.presentationmagazine.com. Retrieved 2015-06-01.
Jump up ^ "N.D.R.Ct. 6.10 Courtroom Oaths". www.ndcourts.gov. Retrieved 2015-06-01.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rule_of_three_(writing)&oldid=842653485"
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