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List of flags by color combination
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This is a list of flags of states, territories, and other entities sorted by their combinations of dominant colors. Flags emblazoned with seals, coats of arms, and other multicolored emblems are sorted only by their color fields. The color of text is similarly ignored.
Colors related to the two metals of European heraldry (gold and white) are sorted first. The five major "stains" of European heraldry (black, red, blue, green, and purple) are sorted next. Miscellaneous colors (murrey, tan, grey, and pink) are sorted last.
Similar colors are grouped together to make navigation of this list practical. As such, the dark greens prevalent in the Middle East are sorted together with the brighter greens prevalent in Western Europe. Significantly: yellows, golds, and oranges are grouped together as "gold" due to the lack of discrete divisions within this spectrum and the differing standards of interpretation of "gold", which appears in the legally codified specifications of many flags. Some flags, including a number from South Asia, include both a distinct yellow and a distinct orange; these have been noted accordingly.
Contents
1 Gold
1.1 Gold, white
1.1.1 Gold, white, black
1.1.1.1 Gold, white, black, red
1.1.1.1.1 Gold, white, black, red, blue
1.1.1.1.2 Gold, white, black, red, blue, green
1.1.1.1.3 Gold, white, black, red, green
1.1.1.2 Gold, white, black, blue
1.1.1.3 Gold, white, black, green
1.1.2 Gold, white, red
1.1.2.1 Gold, white, red, blue
1.1.2.1.1 Gold, white, red, blue, green
1.1.2.2 Gold, white, red, green
1.1.2.3 Gold, white, red, purple
1.1.2.4 Gold, white, red, tan
1.1.3 Gold, white, blue
1.1.3.1 Gold, white, blue, green
1.1.3.2 Gold, white, blue, tan
1.1.3.3 Gold, white, blue, grey
1.1.4 Gold, white, green
1.1.4.1 Gold, white, green, tan
1.1.5 Gold, white, purple
1.1.6 Gold, white, murrey
1.2 Gold, black
1.2.1 Gold, black, red
1.2.1.1 Gold, black, red, blue
1.2.1.1.1 Gold, black, red, blue, green
1.2.1.2 Gold, black, red, green
1.2.2 Gold, black, blue
1.2.2.1 Gold, black, blue, green
1.2.3 Gold, black, green
1.3 Gold, red
1.3.1 Gold, red, blue
1.3.1.1 Gold, red, blue, green
1.3.1.1.1 Gold, red, blue, green, purple
1.3.2 Gold, red, green
1.3.3 Gold, red, purple
1.4 Gold, blue
1.4.1 Gold, blue, green
1.5 Gold, green
1.5.1 Gold, green, tan
1.6 Gold, purple
2 White
2.1 White, black
2.1.1 White, black, red
2.1.1.1 White, black, red, blue
2.1.1.2 White, black, red, green
2.1.2 White, black, blue
2.1.2.1 White, black, blue, green
2.1.3 White, black, green
2.2 White, red
2.2.1 White, red, blue
2.2.1.1 Red, blue, green and white
2.2.2 White, red, green
2.3 White, blue
2.3.1 White, blue, green
2.3.2 White, blue, pink
2.4 White, green
2.4.1 White, green, brown
2.5 White and purple
2.6 White and murrey
3 Black
3.1 Black, red
3.1.1 Black, red, blue
3.1.2 Black, red, green
4 Red
4.1 Red, blue
4.1.1 Red, blue, green
4.2 Red, green
5 Blue
6 Green
7 Grey
8 See also
9 References
Gold[edit]
Anchorage, Alaska, United States (with multicolored seal)
Gadsden flag, historical and protest flag of the United States (with black emblem)
Queen's Personal Barbadian Flag (with multicolored emblems)
Gold, white[edit]
Bhutan (with distinct yellow and orange)
Jerusalem cross – flag used by several Crusader states
Sulawesi, Indonesia
Syrian Democratic Forces
Vatican City (with multicolored emblem)
Gold, white, black[edit]
Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland
Norfolk, England, United Kingdom
Russian Empire (1858—1883), House of Romanov
Gold, white, black, red[edit]
Buckinghamshire, England, United Kingdom
Brunei
Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland
Lublin Voivodeship, Poland
Maryland, United States
Masovian Voivodeship, Poland
Papua New Guinea
's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
Uganda (with multicolored emblem)
Timor-Leste
West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland
United States Marine Corps
Gold, white, black, red, blue[edit]
Antigua and Barbuda
Bedfordshire, England, United Kingdom
Benelux, symbol of Belgian-Dutch-Luxembourgian cooperation
East Anglia, England, United Kingdom
Herm, one of the British Channel Islands
North Carolina, United States
Podkarpackie Voivodeship, Poland
Queen's Personal Australian Flag
Swaziland
Nunavut, Canada
Gold, white, black, red, blue, green[edit]
South Africa
South Sudan
Gold, white, black, red, green[edit]
Dominica (with multicolored emblem)
Guyana
Jain flag (with distinct yellow and orange)
Mozambique
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Zimbabwe
Saskatchewan, Canada
North Central Province, Sri Lanka – with other color symbol
Gold, white, black, blue[edit]
Saint Lucia
Gold, white, black, green[edit]
Schijndel, Netherlands
Harkat-ul-Mujahideen, Pakistan-based Islamic militant group
Gold, white, red[edit]
Apeldoorn, Netherlands
Columbus, Ohio, United States (with multicolored seal)
Dorset, England, United Kingdom
Elba, 1814–1815, used during Napoleon Bonaparte's imprisonment
Essex, England, United Kingdom
Guernsey (British crown dependency)
Isle of Man (British crown dependency)
Jersey (British crown dependency)
Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland
Middlesex, England, United Kingdom
Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
Republic of South Ossetia (de facto state, limited recognition)
Sark, one of the British Channel Islands
Selangor, Malaysia
Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland
Westmorland, England, United Kingdom
Gold, white, red, blue[edit]
Acadia, Canada
Acadiana, Louisiana, United States
Anglican Communion
Aruba, Kingdom of the Netherlands
British Columbia, Canada
Buddhist flag (with distinct yellow and orange)
Cantabria, Spain
Cape Verde
Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
Colorado, United States
Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia, unrecognised, 1991–1996
Encarnación, Paraguay – with other color symbol
Estelada, flag of Catalan separatism
Estonian SSR, Soviet Union (1953–1990)
Georgia, United States
Hertfordshire, England, United Kingdom (a brownish red)
Kirghiz SSR, Soviet Union (1952–1992)
Kiribati
Latvian SSR, Soviet Union (1953–1990)
Limburg, Netherlands
Madeira (Portuguese autonomous region)
Malaya (1948–1963)
Malaysia
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
Artsakh (de facto separatist state, not recognized by UN)
Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
Niue (New Zealand associated state)
Nova Scotia, Canada
Orange Free State
Philippines
Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland
Royal Standard of the United Kingdom
Serbian Orthodox Church
St. Louis, Missouri, United States
Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland
Tuvalu – two different shades of blue
Union Jack of Sweden and Norway, used by Swedish and Norwegian warships, 1844–1905
Uzbek SSR, Soviet Union (1953–1991)
Venezuela (with multicolored seal)
Gold, white, red, blue, green[edit]
Central African Republic
Comoros
Misiones Department, Paraguay – with other color symbol
Namibia
Northern Province, Sri Lanka
Ontario, Canada
Pembrokeshire, Wales, United Kingdom
Pernambuco, State of Brazil
Rio Grande do Sul, State of Brazil
Roraima, State of Brazil
Seychelles
Tampa, Florida, United States
United States Virgin Islands (US insular area)
Gold, white, red, green[edit]
Alderney, one of the British Channel Islands
Byelorussian SSR, Soviet Union (1951–1991)
Iraqi Kurdistan, Iraq
Lithuanian SSR, Soviet Union (1953–1988)
Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland
Myanmar
Prince Edward Island, Canada
La Rioja, Spain (with multicolored coat of arms)
Suriname
Tajik SSR, Soviet Union (1953–1992)
Tajikistan
Togo
Turkmenistan
Western Province, Sri Lanka
Gold, white, red, purple[edit]
Balearic Islands, Spain – with other color symbol
Gold, white, red, tan[edit]
Central Province, Sri Lanka
Gold, white, blue[edit]
Dolphin Flag, used by the unrecognized Republic of Anguilla (1967–1969)
Azores (with multicolored coat of arms)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Canary Islands, Spain
Church in Wales, United Kingdom
Curaçao, Kingdom of the Netherlands
Delaware, United States – with other color symbol
Jerusalem, Israel
Kosovo (de facto state, limited recognition)
Lord Howe Island, New South Wales, Australia, unofficial
Magallanes, Chile
Marshall Islands
Merionethshire, Wales, United Kingdom
Nauru
New York City, United States
Prince's Flag (historical flag of the Netherlands)
Isles of Scilly, United Kingdom[1]
South Africa (with multicolored emblem), 1928–1994
Tierra del Fuego, Argentine Antarctica
Tocantins, State of Brazil
Tokelau (New Zealand territory)
Tuva, Russia
Uruguay
Gold, white, blue, green[edit]
Amapá, State of Brazil
Apure, Venezuela (with multicolored emblem)
Brazil
Ceará, State of Brazil
Christmas Island (Australian external territory)
Connecticut, United States – with other color symbol
Derbyshire, England, United Kingdom
Flevoland, Netherlands
Fortaleza, state capital of Ceará
Goiás, State of Brazil
Mato Grosso, State of Brazil
Mato Grosso do Sul, State of Brazil
Piauí, State of Brazil
Rio Grande do Norte, State of Brazil
Rondônia, State of Brazil
Sergipe, State of Brazil
Solomon Islands
Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom
Gold, white, blue, tan[edit]
Eastern Province, Sri Lanka
Gold, white, blue, grey[edit]
Brussels, Belgium
Gold, white, green[edit]
Azad Kashmir
Cyprus
Distrito Federal, Capital District of Brazil
India (with blue emblem)
Ireland
Ivory Coast
Macau (Chinese special administrative region)
Niger
Wiltshire, England, United Kingdom
Gold, white, green, tan[edit]
North Western Province, Sri Lanka
Gold, white, purple[edit]
Kyoto, Japan
Yamanashi, Japan
Gold, white, murrey[edit]
Hernandarias, Paraguay – with other color symbol
Gold, black[edit]
Anarcho-capitalist flag
Austrian Empire
Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Flanders, Belgium (with multicolored emblem)
Greek Orthodox Church
Liberland (with multicolored coat of arms)
Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland
Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
Saint David, historical flag of Wales, United Kingdom
Gold, black, red[edit]
Angola
Belgium
Germany
Lower Saxony, Germany (with white in coat of arms)
Northamptonshire, England, United Kingdom
Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany (with white in coat of arms)
Saarland, Germany (with multicolored coat of arms)
Sabaragamuwa Province, Sri Lanka
Sarawak, Malaysia
Kingdom of Sarawak
Southern Province, Sri Lanka
Gold, black, red, blue[edit]
Gold, black, red, blue, green[edit]
Kanak flag, used in New Caledonia alongside the French flag
Gold, black, red, green[edit]
Biafra (1967–1970, de facto state, limited recognition)
Ghana
Guinea-Bissau
São Tomé and Príncipe
Vanuatu
Zambia
Gold, black, blue[edit]
Bahamas
Barbados
Caithness, Scotland, United Kingdom (with multicolored emblem)
Donetsk, Ukraine
Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine
El Paso, Texas (1948–1960)
Gelderland, Netherlands
Monmouthshire, Wales, United Kingdom
San Pedro de Ycuamandiyú, Paraguay – with other color symbol
Shropshire, England, United Kingdom
Gold, black, blue, green[edit]
Tanzania
Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla, British colony, 1882–1983, adopted in 1967
Gold, black, green[edit]
African National Congress, South African political party
Cherokee Nation, United States (with distinct yellow and orange)
Republic of Benin (Nigeria) (1967, unrecognised, not to be confused with current Republic of Benin)
Jamaica
Gold, red[edit]
Anglesey, Wales, United Kingdom
Aragon, Spain (with multicolored coat of arms)
Aramean-Syriac flag
Catalonia, Spain
China
Kyrgyzstan
Łódź Voivodeship, Poland
Macedonia
Montenegro (with multicolor coat of arms)
New Mexico
Northumberland, England, United Kingdom
Prague, Czech Republic
Pretoria
Region of Murcia, Spain
Sicily, Italy – with other color symbol
Skåne, Sweden (unofficial)
Somerset, England, United Kingdom
South Vietnam, 1955–1975
Soviet Union (1923–1991)
Spain – with other color symbol
Staffordshire, England
Taichung, Taiwan
Uva Province, Sri Lanka
Baden, Germany
Vietnam
Wallonia, Belgium
Karnataka, India
Gold, red, blue[edit]
Åland Islands (Finnish autonomous territory)
Andorra – with other color symbol
Armenia
Armenian SSR, Soviet Union (1952–1990)
Arizona, United States – blue, red, gold and copper
Azerbaijan SSR, Soviet Union (1952–1991)
Chad
Colombia
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Ecuador (with multicolored coat of arms)
Kazakh SSR, Soviet Union (1953–1992)
Moldova – with other color symbol
Mongolia
Montgomery County, Maryland, United States
New Brunswick, Canada – with other color symbol
North Holland, Netherlands
Orkney, Scotland, United Kingdom
Overijssel, Netherlands
Romania
Russian SFSR, Soviet Union (1954–1991)
Skåne, Sweden
Tibet, China – with other color symbol
Turkmen SSR, Soviet Union (1952–1992)
Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union (1950–1991)
Valencia, Spain – with other color symbol
Waalre, Netherlands
Gold, red, blue, green[edit]
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Karelo-Finnish SSR
Lincolnshire, England, United Kingdom
Mauritius
Gold, red, blue, green, purple[edit]
Cusco, Peru (with distinct yellow and orange)
Rainbow flag, symbol of LGBT pride (with distinct yellow and orange)
Gold, red, green[edit]
Acre, State of Brazil
Benin
Berkshire, England, United Kingdom (a brownish red)
Bolivia
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Republic of the Congo
Grenada
Guinea
Lancashire, England, United Kingdom
Lithuania
Mali
Mauritania
Moldavian SSR, Soviet Union (1952–1990)
Navarre, Spain
Portugal (with multicolored coat of arms)
Rojava (Syrian Civil War territory)
Senegal
Sri Lanka (with distinct yellow and orange)
People's Protection Units
Transnistria (de facto state, limited recognition)
Gold, red, purple[edit]
Second Spanish Republic
Gold, blue[edit]
Alaska, United States
Asturias, Spain
Cambridgeshire, England, United Kingdom (two shades of blue)
Cheshire, England, United Kingdom
County Durham, England, United Kingdom
European Union
Friuli–Venezia Giulia, Italy
Indiana, United States
Kansas, United States – with other color symbol
Kazakhstan
Luque, Paraguay
Opole Voivodeship, Poland
Oregon, United States – reverse has same colors
Palau
Saint Alban's Cross, flag of the Kingdom of Mercia
Silesian Voivodeship, Poland
Sousse, Tunisia
South Dakota, United States
Surrey, England
Sussex, England
Sweden
Ukraine
Gold, blue, green[edit]
Gabon
Kabylie
Rwanda – two shades of yellow
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Gold, green[edit]
Caacupé, Paraguay – with other color symbol
Caernarfonshire, Wales, United Kingdom
Huntingdonshire, England, Untied Kingdom
Kata'ib Hezbollah, Iraqi paramilitary group
Mauritania (1959–2017)
Rutland, England, United Kingdom
Aa en Hunze, Netherlands
The Hague, Netherlands
Gold, green, tan[edit]
Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Australian external territory)
The Starry Plough, flag used from 1914–1930
Gold, purple[edit]
Cantabrian labarum, used in Cantabria, Spain
Intersex flag
Okayama, Japan
White[edit]
White flag, internationally recognised as a sign of truce, ceasefire, and surrender. The flag of the Kingdom of France in 1814 - 1830, during the Bourbon Restoration.
Ahrar al-Sham, flag used since early 2016 (with green and black text)
Jabhat Fatah al-Sham (with black text)
Massachusetts, United States (with multicolored coat of arms)
Taliban (with black text)
White, black[edit]
Brittany, France
Historical flag of Brittany
Ceuta, Spain
Cornwall, United Kingdom
Corsica, France
Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
Fribourg, Switzerland
Prussia, until 1947
Silver Fern Flag, unofficial flag of New Zealand
Harakat Sham al-Islam, jihadist group from Ansar al-Din Front
Jolly Roger
Ansar al-Islam
White, black, red[edit]
Amsterdam, Netherlands
Berlin, Germany
Egypt (with gold emblem)
Flintshire, Wales, United Kingdom
Germany (1867–1918)
Germany (1935–1945)
Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland
Minas Gerais, State of Brazil
Paraíba, State of Brazil
Peel en Maas, Netherlands
Roman Republic (1798–1799)
Sardinia, Italy
Sealand (micronation)
Tino rangatiratanga (Māori flag)
Trinidad and Tobago
Upper Volta, French colony, 1959–1984
Yemen
White, black, red, blue[edit]
Leather Pride flag
Lockwood Silver Fern flag, proposed alternative flag of New Zealand
Maranhão, State of Brazil
Red Peak flag, proposed alternative flag of New Zealand
San Antonio, Texas, United States
South Korea
United Tribes flag, New Zealand
White, black, red, green[edit]
Afghanistan
Arab Revolt, 1916–1918 revolt against the Ottoman Empire
Goshen (1883–1885, unrecognized)
Iraq
Jordan
Kenya
Kuwait
Libya
Palestine (de facto state, limited recognition)
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (de facto state, limited recognition)
Sudan
Syria
Syrian opposition
United Arab Emirates
Somaliland
White, black, blue[edit]
Botswana
Estonia
Neutral Moresnet
White, black, blue, green[edit]
Worcestershire, England, United Kingdom
White, black, green[edit]
Devon, England, United Kingdom
Extremadura, Spain – with other color symbol
Hundertwasser koru flag, proposed alternative flag for New Zealand
Tahrir al-Sham, Salafist Jihadist terrorist organization
White, red[edit]
Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Ajman, United Arab Emirates
Alabama, United States
Árpád stripes, historical flag of House of Árpád
Asunción, Paraguay – with other color symbol
Austria
Bahrain
Belarus (1918, 1991–1995)
Brandenburg, Germany
Brandywine flag, used during the American Revolution
Bremen, Germany
Calgary, Canada
California, United States (with multicolored emblem and text)
Canada
Cantabria, Spain – with other color symbol
Castile and Leon, Spain – with other color symbol
City of London, United Kingdom
Cross of Burgundy, historical flag of the Duchy of Burgundy and Spain
Denmark
District of Columbia, United States
Dordrecht, Netherlands
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Easter Island, Chile
Eindhoven, Netherlands
England, United Kingdom
Florida, United States – with other color symbol
French Polynesia, French overseas territory (with multicolored emblem)
Fukushima, Japan (orangish red)
Georgia
Gibraltar (British overseas territory) – with other color symbol
Glamorgan, Wales, United Kingdom
Gouda, Netherlands
Greenland – (Danish autonomous country)
Hamburg, Germany
Hesse, Germany
Hong Kong (Chinese special administrative region)
Hoorn, Netherlands
Indonesia
Japan
Kelantan, Malaysia
Kent, England, United Kingdom
Kerkrade, Netherlands
Leiden, Netherlands
Leuven, Belgium
Lier, Belgium
Madrid, Spain
Malta – with other color symbol
Monaco
North Brabant, Netherlands
Peru
Poland
Ras al-Khaimah, UAE
Red Crescent
Red Cross
Red Crystal
Red Star of David (Magen David Adom)
Rising Sun Flag, used by the Japanese military
Savoy (1416–1792 & 1814–1860)
Sint-Lievens-Houtem, Belgium
Switzerland
Singapore
Thuringia, Germany
Tonga
Turkey
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (de facto state, limited recognition)
Tunisia
Umm al-Quwain, UAE
Utrecht, Netherlands
Vendée, France
Warwickshire, England, United Kingdom
White, red, blue[edit]
Adjara, Georgia
Amazonas, State of Brazil
American Samoa, (US insular area) (with multicolor emblem)
Anguilla (British overseas territory) – with other color symbol
Arkansas, United States
Assyria – with other color symbol, two shades of blue or red (may or may not always be included)
Australia
Bahia, State of Brazil
Bermuda (British overseas territory) – with other color symbol
British Antarctic Territory (British overseas territory) – with other color symbol
British Virgin Islands (British overseas territory) – with other color symbol
Cambodia
Campania, Italy
Canadian Duality Flag, used to express support for unity of Francophone and Anglophone populations of Canada
Cayman Islands (with multicolored coat of arms)
Central Department, Paraguay
Chicago, Illinois, United States
Chile
Republic of China (Taiwan and surrounding islands)
Christian flag
Confederate States of America, unrecognised, 1861–1865, flag in use 1861–1863
Confederate States of America (battle flag, used by the Confederate military), 1861–1865
Cook Islands (New Zealand associated state)
Costa Rica – with other color symbol
Crimea (disputed between Russia and Ukraine)
Croatia – with other color symbol
Croats of Serbia
Cuba
Czech Republic
Dominican Republic – with other color symbol
Falkland Islands (British overseas territory) – with other color symbol
Faroe Islands (Danish autonomous country)
Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, British colony, 1953–1963 – with other color symbol
Fiji – with other color symbol; two different shades of blue
France
Friesland, Netherlands
Naval Ensign of Georgia
Merchant Flag of Germany (1946–1949) used during the Occupation Period to identify German ships according to international law.
Hawaii, United States
Iceland
Iowa, United States (with multicolored emblem)
Laos
Liberia
Luxembourg
Manitoba, Canada – with other color symbol
Mississippi, United States
Missouri, United States – with other color symbol
Montserrat (British overseas territory) – with other color symbol
Natal (British colony, 1870–1910) – with other color symbol
Natalia Republic (1839–1843, unrecognized)
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand
North Korea
Norway
Ohio, United States
Panama
Pará, State of Brazil
Paraguay – with other color symbol
Puerto Rico (US insular area)
Republic of West Papua (1961–1962)
Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Russia
Sabah, Malaysia – three different shades of blue
Samoa
Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
Serbia – with other color symbol
Serbia and Montenegro (1992–2006)
Serbs of Croatia
Sint Maarten, Kingdom of the Netherlands – with other color symbol
Slovakia
Slovenia – with other color symbol
Texas, United States
Thailand
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Transvaal (British colony, 1903–1910) – with other color symbol
Turks and Caicos Islands (British overseas territory) – with other color symbol
United Kingdom
United States of America
Wallis and Futuna, French overseas territory, unofficial
Yugoslavia (1946–1992) – with other color symbol
Red, blue, green and white[edit]
Abruzzo, Italy – with other color symbol
Alagoas, State of Brazil
Azerbaijan
Aztlán, unofficial flag of Chicano nationalism, with other color symbol
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea – with other color symbol
Gambia
Groningen, Netherlands
Guanacaste, Costa Rica
Nieuwe Republiek (1884–1888, unrecognized)
Ogaden, Ethiopia
South African Republic (1852–1877 & 1881–1902)
South Moluccas (1950–1963)
Uzbekistan
White, red, green[edit]
Republic of Abkhazia (de facto state, limited recognition)
Algeria
Amambay Department, Paraguay – with other color symbol
Areguá, Paraguay – with other color symbol
Basque Country, Spain
Belarus
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (with multicolored coat of arms), in use 1996–2007
Bulgaria
Burundi
Cisalpine Republic (1797–1802)
Cispadane Republic (1796–1797)
Houthis
Hungary
Iran
Ingushetia, Russia
Italy
Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946) – with other color symbol
Lebanon
Madagascar
Maldives
Mexico – with multicolored emblem
North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
Nottinghamshire, England, United Kingdom
Oman
Paraguarí Department, Paraguay – with other color symbol
Patriote flag, symbol of the Patriote movement in Lower Canada from 1832 to 1838
San Ignacio, Paraguay
Santa Catarina, State of Brazil
Tatarstan, Russia
Wales, United Kingdom
White, blue[edit]
Antarctica
Argentina – with other color symbol
Arnhem, Netherlands
Assen, Netherlands
Basilicata, Italy
Bavaria, Germany
Bonnie Blue Flag, unofficial flag of the Confederate States of America
Chiba, Japan
Coptic flag (with multicolored coat of arms)
East Turkestan Liberation Organization/East Turkistan Republic
Eureka Flag, associated with the Eureka Rebellion and a general protest flag in Australia
El Salvador – with other color symbol
Finland
Fukui, Japan
Fukuoka, Japan
Galicia, Spain – with other color symbol
Great Eastern Islamic Raiders' Front
Greece
Guatemala (with multicolored emblem)
Hoogeveen, Netherlands
Honduras
Houston, Texas, United States (with multicolored seal)
Hyōgo, Japan
Ibaraki, Japan
Ishikawa, Japan
Israel
Korean Unification Flag, used when South Korean and North Korean athletes compete on a shared team
Kraków, Poland
Louisiana, United States – with other color symbol
Martinique, French overseas territory, unofficial
Micronesia
Moultrie Flag, historical flag used during the American Revolution
Nicaragua (with multicolored emblem)
Northwest Territories, Canada (with multicolored coat of arms)
Ōsaka, Japan
Paraguay (1826-1842)
Quebec, Canada
San Marino – with other color symbol
Santander, Cantabria, Spain – with other color symbol
Scotland, United Kingdom
Shetland, Scotland, United Kingdom
Shiga, Japan
Somalia
South Carolina, United States
The Starry Plough, used after the 1930s
Tenerife, Spain
Tottori, Japan
Turkistan Islamic Party
United Nations
Wakayama, Japan
Yamagata, Japan
Virginia, United States – with other color symbol
White, blue, green[edit]
Cascadia – two shades of green
Cumberland, England, United Kingdom
Gloucestershire, England, United Kingdom (a cream white)
Labrador, Canada (unofficial)
Lesotho (with black emblem)
Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus (1917-1920)
Nunatsiavut, Canada
Paraná, State of Brazil
San Pedro Department, Paraguay – with other color symbol
Sierra Leone
Yukon, Canada (with multicolored coat of arms)
White, blue, pink[edit]
Espírito Santo, Brazil
White, green[edit]
Andalusia, Spain – with other color symbol
Antioquia, Colombia
Caaguazú, Paraguay
Esperanto flag
Federalist flag, used to express support for European federalism
Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland
Lombardy, Italy
Nigeria
Norfolk Island (Australian external territory)
Pakistan
Pine Tree Flag, historical flag used during the American Revolution
Ridderkerk, Netherlands
Rhodesia (1968–1979) – with other color symbol
Rotterdam, Netherlands
Saudi Arabia
Saxony, Germany
Stellaland (1883–1885, de facto state, limited recognition)
Vlieland, Netherlands
White, green, brown[edit]
Alto Paraná Department, Paraguay
White and purple[edit]
Gunma, Japan
Tokyo, Japan
White and murrey[edit]
Latvia
Ñemby, Paraguay – with other color symbol
Qatar
Black[edit]
Black Flag, associated with anarchism
Black Standard, historically associated with Islam
Al-Qaeda, flag of Jihad (with white text)
Ansaru (with multicolored emblem)
Caucasus Emirate, Jihadist organisation in Russia (with white text)
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (with white text and seal)
Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad, flag used in late 2004 (with yellow and white text)
Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn (with yellow text and seal)
Black, red[edit]
Albania
Anarcho-syndicalist flag
Aosta Valley, Italy
Nijmegen, Netherlands
Historical flag of IMRO
Battle flag of the UPA
Black, red, blue[edit]
Donetsk People's Republic, self-proclaimed state in Ukraine (with white text and multicolored emblem)
Black, red, green[edit]
Malawi
Pan-African flag
Red[edit]
Red flag, associated with socialism, communism, and left-wing politics
Red, blue[edit]
Belize (with multicolored coat of arms)
Georgian SSR, Soviet Union (1951–1990)
Guam (with multicolored coat of emblem)
Haiti (with multicolored coat of arms)
Liechtenstein – (with gold and black emblem)
Province of Lugo, Spain (with multicolored coat of arms)
Paris, France
Ticino, Switzerland
Red, blue, green[edit]
Republic of Karelia, Russian Federation
Red, green[edit]
Bangladesh
George Rogers Clark Flag, historical flag used during the American Revolution
Morocco
Transnistria (civil flag) (de facto state, limited recognition)
Blue[edit]
Alberta, Canada (with multicolored shield of arms)
Minnesota, United States (with multicolored seal)
Green[edit]
Green Flag, associated with the Earth, agriculture, fertility, and/or Islam
Libya (1977–2011)
Hamas, Palestinian entity (with white text)
Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin (with white text), after 2001
Washington (state), United States – with other color symbol
Grey[edit]
Santiago Metropolitan Region (with multicolored seal)
See also[edit]
List of flags
List of flags by color
List of flags by number of colors
References[edit]
^ "Isles of Scilly Flag", britishcountyflags.wordpress.com, August 7, 2013.
v
t
e
Lists of flags
Lists of flags
State-related
Civil flag
State flag
War flag
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Netherlands
New Zealand
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State of Palestine
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Philippines
Poland
naval and maritime
voivodeships
Portugal
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Romania
Russia / Soviet Union
federal subjects
Russian Navy
republics
Soviet Navy
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states
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Vatican City
Venezuela
Vietnam
Yugoslavia
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By continent
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Asia
Europe
North America
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Names in italics indicate non-sovereign (dependent) territories, disputed states and/or former countries.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_flags_by_color_combination&oldid=807023078"
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text:
Timeline of ancient history
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For events before recorded history, see Timeline of world prehistory.
This timeline of ancient history lists historical events of the documented ancient past from the beginning of recorded history until the Early Middle Ages.
Brief ancient chronology
(Common Era years in astronomical year numbering)
Millennia: 4th millennium BC: 3rd millennium BC: 2nd millennium BC: 1st millennium BC: 1st millennium
Centuries: 34th BC - 33rd BC - 32nd BC - 31st BC - 30th BC - 29th BC - 28th BC - 27th BC - 26th BC - 25th BC - 24th BC - 23rd BC - 22nd BC - 21st BC - 20th BC - 19th BC - 18th BC - 17th BC - 16th BC - 15th BC - 14th BC - 13th BC - 12th BC - 11th BC - 10th BC - 9th BC - 8th BC - 7th BC - 6th BC - 5th BC - 4th BC - 3rd BC - 2nd BC - 1st BC - 1st AD - 2nd AD - 3rd AD - 4th AD
Contents
1 Bronze Age and Early Iron Age
2 Classical antiquity
3 End of ancient history in Europe
4 Maps
5 See also
6 References
7 Citations and notes
Bronze Age and Early Iron Age[edit]
For earlier events, see Timeline of human prehistory.
The Bronze Age was the period in human cultural development when the most advanced metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use) included techniques for smelting copper and tin from naturally-occurring outcroppings of copper ores, and then combining those ores to cast bronze. These naturally-occurring ores typically included arsenic as a common impurity. Copper/tin ores are rare, as reflected in the fact that there were no tin bronzes in western Asia before 3000 BC. In some parts of the world, a Copper Age follows the Neolithic and precedes the Bronze Age.
The Iron Age was the stage in the development of any people in which tools and weapons whose main ingredient was iron were prominent. The adoption of this material coincided with other changes in some past societies often including differing agricultural practices, religious beliefs and artistic styles, although this was not always the case.
c. 3200 BC: Sumerian cuneiform writing system[1] and The Egyptian hieroglyphs.
3200 BC: Newgrange built in Ireland.
3200 BC: Cycladic culture in Greece
3200 BC: Norte Chico civilization begins in Peru
3200 BC: Rise of Proto-Elamite Civilization in Iran
3150 BC:First Dynasty of Egypt
3100 BC: Skara Brae in Scotland
c. 3000 BC: Egyptian calendar
c. 3000 BC: Stonehenge construction begins. In its first version, it consisted of a circular ditch and bank, with 56 wooden posts.[2]
c. 3000 BC: Cucuteni-Trypillian culture in Romania and the Ukraine
3000 BC: Jiroft civilization begins in Iran
3000 BC: First known use of papyrus by Egyptians
2800 BC: Kot Diji phase of the Indus Valley Civilization begins
2800 BC: Longshan culture in China
2700 BC: Minoan Civilization ancient palace city Knossos reach 80,000 inhabitants
2700 BC: Rise of Elam in Iran
2700 BC: The Old Kingdom begins in Egypt
2600 BC: Oldest known surviving literature: Sumerian texts from Abu Salabikh, including the Instructions of Shuruppak and the Kesh temple hymn.
2600 BC: Mature Harappan phase of the Indus Valley civilization (in present-day Pakistan and India) begins
2600 BC: Emergence of Maya culture in the Yucatán Peninsula
2560 BC: King Khufu completes the Great Pyramid of Giza. The Land of Punt in the Horn of Africa first appears in Egyptian records around this time.
2500-1500 BC: Kerma culture in Nubia
2500 BC: The mammoth goes extinct.
2334 or 2270 BC: Akkadian Empire is founded, dating depends upon whether the Middle chronology or the Short chronology is used.
2200-2100 BC: 4.2 kiloyear event: a severe aridification phase, likely connected to a Bond event, which was registered throughout most North Africa, Middle East and continental North America. Related droughts very likely caused the collapse of the Old Kingdom in Egypt and of the Akkadian Empire in Mesopotamia.
2200 BC: completion of Stonehenge.
2000 BC: Domestication of the horse
1900 BC: Erlitou culture in China
1800 BC: alphabetic writing emerges
1780 BC: Oldest Record of Hammurabi's Code.
1700 BC: Indus Valley Civilization comes to an end but is continued by the Cemetery H culture; The beginning of Poverty Point Civilization in North America
1600 BC: Minoan civilization on Crete is destroyed by the Minoan eruption of Santorini island.
1600 BC: Mycenaean Greece
1600 BC: The beginning of Shang Dynasty in China, evidence of a fully developed Chinese writing system
1600 BC: Beginning of Hittite dominance of the Eastern Mediterranean region
1500 BC: Composition of the Rigveda is completed
1400-400 BC: Olmec civilization flourishes in Pre-Columbian Mexico, during Mesoamerica's Formative period
1200 BC: The Hallstatt culture
1200-1150 BC: Bronze Age collapse in Southwestern Asia and in the Eastern Mediterranean region. This period is also the setting of the Iliad and the Odyssey epic poems (which were composed about four centuries later).
c. 1180 BC: Disintegration of Hittite Empire
1100 BC: Use of Iron spreads.
1000 BC: Nok culture in West Africa
1046 BC: The Zhou force (led by King Wu of Zhou) overthrow the last king of Shang Dynasty; Zhou Dynasty established in China
890 BC: Approximate date for the composition of the Iliad and the Odyssey
800 BC: Rise of Greek city-states
c.785 BC: Rise of the Kingdom of Kush
Classical antiquity[edit]
Main article: Classical antiquity
Classical antiquity is a broad term for a long period of cultural history centered on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. It refers to the timeframe of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.[3][4] Ancient history includes the recorded Greek history beginning in about 776 BC (First Olympiad). This coincides roughly with the traditional date of the founding of Rome in 753 BC and the beginning of the history of Rome.[5][6]
776 BC: First recorded Ancient Olympic Games.
753 BC: Founding of Rome (traditional date)
745 BC: Tiglath-Pileser III becomes the new king of Assyria. With time he conquers neighboring countries and turns Assyria into an empire.
728 BC: Rise of the Median Empire.
722 BC: Spring and Autumn period begins in China; Zhou Dynasty's power is diminishing; the era of the Hundred Schools of Thought.
700 BC: the construction of Marib Dam in Arabia Felix.
660 BC: purported date of the accession of Jimmu, the mythical first Emperor of Japan.
653 BC: Rise of Persian Empire.
612 BC: An alliance between the Babylonians, Medes, and Scythians succeeds in destroying Nineveh and causing subsequent fall of the Assyrian empire.
600 BC: Pandyan kingdom in South India.
600 BC: Sixteen Maha Janapadas ("Great Realms" or "Great Kingdoms") emerge in India.
600 BC: Evidence of writing system appear in Oaxaca used by the Zapotec civilization.
c. 600 BC: Rise of the Sao civilisation near Lake Chad
563 BC: Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha), founder of Buddhism is born as a prince of the Shakya tribe, which ruled parts of Magadha, one of the Maha Janapadas.
551 BC: Confucius, founder of Confucianism, is born.
550 BC: Foundation of the Persian Empire by Cyrus the Great.
549 BC: Mahavira, founder of Jainism is born.
546 BC: Cyrus the Great overthrows Croesus King of Lydia.
544 BC: Rise of Magadha as the dominant power under Bimbisara.
539 BC: The Fall of the Babylonian Empire and liberation of the Jews by Cyrus the Great.
529 BC: Death of Cyrus
525 BC: Cambyses II of Persia conquers Egypt.
c. 512 BC: Darius I (Darius the Great) of Persia, subjugates eastern Thrace, Macedonia submits voluntarily, and annexes Libya, Persian Empire at largest extent.
509 BC: Expulsion of the last King of Rome, founding of Roman Republic (traditional date).
508 BC: Democracy instituted at Athens
c. 500 BC: completion of Euclid's Elements
500 BC: Panini standardizes the grammar and morphology of Sanskrit in the text Ashtadhyayi. Panini's standardized Sanskrit is known as Classical Sanskrit
500 BC: Pingala uses zero and binary numeral system
499 BC: King Aristagoras of Miletus incites all of Hellenic Asia Minor to rebel against the Persian Empire, beginning the Greco-Persian Wars.
490 BC: Greek city-states defeat Persian invasion at Battle of Marathon
483 BC: Death of Gautama Buddha
480 BC: Persian invasion of Greece by Xerxes; Battles of Thermopylae and Salamis
479 BC: Death of Confucius
475 BC: Warring States period begins in China as the Zhou king became a mere figurehead; China is annexed by regional warlords
470/469 BC: Birth of Socrates
465 BC: Murder of Xerxes
458 BC: The Oresteia by Aeschylus, the only surviving trilogy of ancient Greek plays, is performed.
449 BC: The Greco-Persian Wars end.
447 BC: Building of the Parthenon at Athens started
432 BC: Construction of the Parthenon is completed
431 BC: Beginning of the Peloponnesian war between the Greek city-states
429 BC: Sophocles's play Oedipus Rex is first performed
427 BC: Birth of Plato
424 BC: Nanda dynasty comes to power.
404 BC: End of the Peloponnesian War
400 BC: Zapotec culture flourishes around city of Monte Albán
c. 400 BC: Rise of the Garamantes as an irrigation-based desert state in the Fezzan region of Libya
399 BC: Death of Socrates
384 BC: Birth of Aristotle
331 BC: Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela, completing his conquest of Persia.
326 BC: Alexander the Great defeats Indian king Porus in the Battle of the Hydaspes River.
323 BC: Death of Alexander the Great at Babylon.
321 BC: Chandragupta Maurya overthrows the Nanda Dynasty of Magadha.
305 BC: Chandragupta Maurya seizes the satrapies of Paropanisadai (Kabul), Aria (Herat), Arachosia (Qanadahar) and Gedrosia (Baluchistan)from Seleucus I Nicator, the Macedonian satrap of Babylonia, in return for 500 elephants.
300 BC: Sangam literature (Tamil: சங்க இலக்கியம், Canka ilakkiyam) period in the history of ancient southern India (known as the Tamilakam)
300 BC: Chola Empire in South India
300 BC: Construction of the Great Pyramid of Cholula, the world's largest pyramid by volume (the Great Pyramid of Giza built 2560 BC Egypt stands 146.5 meters, making it 91.5 meters taller), begins in Cholula, Puebla, Mexico.
273 BC: Ashoka becomes the emperor of the Mauryan Empire
261 BC: Kalinga war
257 BC: Thục Dynasty takes over Việt Nam (then Kingdom of Âu Lạc)
255 BC: Ashoka sends a Buddhist missionary lead by his son who was Mahinda Thero (Buddhist monk) to Sri Lanka (then Lanka) Mahinda (Buddhist monk)
250 BC: Rise of Parthia (Ashkâniân), the second native dynasty of ancient Persia
232 BC: Death of Emperor Ashoka; Decline of the Mauryan Empire
230 BC: Emergence of Satavahanas in South India
221 BC: Qin Shi Huang unifies China, end of Warring States period; marking the beginning of Imperial rule in China which lasts until 1912. Construction of the Great Wall by the Qin Dynasty begins.
207 BC: Kingdom of Nan Yueh extends from Canton to North Việt Nam .
206 BC: Han Dynasty established in China, after the death of Qin Shi Huang; China in this period officially becomes a Confucian state and opens trading connections with the West, i.e. the Silk Road.
202 BC: Scipio Africanus defeats Hannibal at Battle of Zama.
200 BC: El Mirador, largest early Maya city, flourishes.
200 BC: Paper is invented in China.
c. 200 BC: Chera dynasty in South India.
185 BC: Shunga Empire founded.
149-146 BC: Third Punic War between Rome and Carthage. War ends with the complete destruction of Carthage, allowing Rome to conquer modern day Tunisia and Libya.
146 BC: Roman conquest of Greece, see Roman Greece
121 BC: Roman armies enter Gaul for the first time.
111 BC: First Chinese domination of Việt Nam in the form of the Nanyue Kingdom.
c. 100 BC: Chola dynasty rises in prominence.
80 BC: The city of Florence is founded.
49 BC: Roman Civil War between Julius Caesar and Pompey the Great.
44 BC: Julius Caesar murdered by Marcus Brutus and others; End of Roman Republic; beginning of Roman Empire.
40 BC: Roman conquest of Egypt.
27 BC: Formation of Roman Empire: Octavius is given titles of Princeps and Augustus by Roman Senate - beginning of Pax Romana. Formation of influential Praetorian Guard to provide security to Emperor
18 BC: Three Kingdoms period begins in Korea. The temple of Jerusalem is reconstructed.
6 BC: Earliest theorized date for birth of Jesus of Nazareth. Roman succession: Gaius Caesar and Lucius Caesar groomed for the throne.
4 BC: Widely accepted date (Ussher) for birth of Jesus Christ.
9: Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, the Imperial Roman Army's bloodiest defeat.
14: Death of Emperor Augustus (Octavian), ascension of his adopted son Tiberius to the throne.
26-34: Crucifixion of Jesus Christ, exact date unknown.
37: Death of Emperor Tiberius, ascension of his nephew Caligula to the throne.
40: Rome conquers Morocco.
41: Emperor Caligula is assassinated by the Roman senate. His uncle Claudius succeeds him.
43: Rome enters Britain for the first time.
54: Emperor Claudius dies and is succeeded by his grand nephew Nero.
68: Emperor Nero commits suicide, prompting the Year of the four emperors in Rome.
70: Destruction of Jerusalem by the armies of Titus.
79: Destruction of Pompeii by the volcano Vesuvius.
98: After a two-year rule, Emperor Nerva dies of natural causes, his adopted son Trajan succeeds him.
100-940: Kingdom of Aksum in the Horn of Africa
106-117: Roman Empire at largest extent under Emperor Trajan after having conquered modern-day Romania, Iraq and Armenia.
117: Trajan dies of natural causes. His adopted son Hadrian succeeds him. Hadrian pulls out of Iraq and Armenia.
126: Hadrian completes the Pantheon in Rome.
138: Hadrian dies of natural causes. His adopted son Antoninus Pius succeeds him.
161: Death of Antoninus Pius. His rule was the only one in which Rome did not fight in a war.
192: Kingdom of Champa in Central Việt Nam.
200s: The Buddhist Srivijaya Empire established in Maritime Southeast Asia.
220: Three Kingdoms period begins in China after the fall of Han Dynasty.
226: Fall of the Parthian Empire and Rise of the Sassanian Empire.
238: Defeat of Gordian III (238–244), Philip the Arab (244–249), and Valerian (253–260), by Shapur I of Persia, (Valerian was captured by the Persians).
280: Emperor Wu established Jin Dynasty providing a temporary unity of China after the devastating Three Kingdoms period.
285: Diocletian becomes emperor of Rome and splits the Roman Empire into Eastern and Western Empires.
285: Diocletian begins a large-scale persecution of Christians.
292: The capital of the Roman empire is officially moved from Rome to Mediolanum (modern day Milan).
301: Diocletian's edict on prices
313: Edict of Milan declared that the Roman Empire would tolerate all forms of religious worship.
325: Constantine I organizes the First Council of Nicaea.
330: Constantinople is officially named and becomes the capital of the eastern Roman Empire.
335: Samudragupta becomes the emperor of the Gupta empire.
337: Emperor Constantine I dies, leaving his sons Constantius II, Constans I, and Constantine II as the emperors of the Roman empire.
350: Constantius II is left sole emperor with the death of his two brothers.
354: Birth of Augustine of Hippo
361: Constantius II dies, his cousin Julian succeeds him.
378: Battle of Adrianople, Roman army is defeated by the Germanic tribes.
380: Roman Emperor Theodosius I declares the Arian faith of Christianity heretical.
395: Theodosius I outlaws all religions other than Catholic Christianity.
406: Romans are expelled from Britain.
407-409: Visigoths and other Germanic tribes cross into Roman-Gaul for the first time.
410: Visigoths sacks Rome for the first time since 390 BC.
415: Germanic tribes enter Spain.
429: Vandals enter North Africa from Spain for the first time
439: Vandals have conquered the land stretching from Morocco to Tunisia by this time.
455: Vandals sack Rome, capture Sicily and Sardinia.
c. 455: Skandagupta repels an Indo-Hephthalite attack on India.
476: Romulus Augustus, last Western Roman Emperor is forced to abdicate by Odoacer, a chieftain of the Germanic Heruli; Odoacer returns the imperial regalia to Eastern Roman Emperor Zeno in Constantinople in return for the title of dux of Italy; most frequently cited date for the end of ancient history.
End of ancient history in Europe[edit]
The date used as the end of the ancient era is arbitrary. The transition period from Classical Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages is known as Late Antiquity. Late Antiquity is a periodization used by historians to describe the transitional centuries from Classical Antiquity to the Middle Ages, in both mainland Europe and the Mediterranean world: generally from the end of the Roman Empire's Crisis of the Third Century (c. AD 284) to the Islamic conquests and the re-organization of the Byzantine Empire under Heraclius. The Early Middle Ages are a period in the history of Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire spanning roughly five centuries from AD 500 to 1000. Not all historians agree on the ending dates of ancient history, which frequently falls somewhere in the 5th, 6th, or 7th century. Western scholars usually date the end of ancient history with the fall of Rome in AD 476, the death of the emperor Justinian I in AD 565, or the coming of Islam in AD 632 as the end of ancient European history.
For later events, see Timeline of the Middle Ages.
Maps[edit]
Eastern Hemisphere in 500 BC.
Eastern Hemisphere in 323 BC.
Eastern Hemisphere in 200 BC.
Eastern Hemisphere in 100 BC.
World in AD 1.
World in AD 100.
Eastern Hemisphere in AD 200.
World in AD 300.
Eastern Hemisphere in AD 476.
See also[edit]
List of ancient dishes and foods
Timeline of the Middle Ages
Timelines of modern history
References[edit]
Carr, E. H. (Edward Hallett). What is History?. Thorndike 1923, Becker 1931, MacMullen 1966, MacMullen 1990, Thomas & Wick 1993, Loftus 1996.
Collingwood, R. G. (1946). The Idea of History. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Diamond, Jared (1999). Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. New York: Norton.
Dodds, E. R. (1964). The Greeks and the Irrational. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press.
Kinzl, Konrad H. (1998). Directory of Ancient Historians in the USA, 2nd ed. Claremont, Calif.: Regina Books. ISBN 0-941690-87-3. Web edition is constantly updated.
Kristiansen, Kristian; Larsson, Thomas B. (2005). "The Rise of Bronze Age Society". Cambridge University Press.
Libourel, Jan M. (1973). "A Battle of Uncertain Outcome in the Second Samnite War". The American Journal of Philology. Johns Hopkins University Press. 94 (1): 71–8. doi:10.2307/294039. ISSN 1086-3168. JSTOR 294039 – via JSTOR. (Registration required (help)).
"Livius. Articles on Ancient History".
Lobell, Jarrett (July–August 2002). "Etruscan Pompeii". Archaeological Institute of America. 55 (4). Retrieved September 2007. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
Loftus, Elizbeth (1996). Eyewitness Testimony. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-28777-0.
MacMullen, Ramsay (1966). Enemies of the Roman Order: Treason, Unrest and Alienation in the Empire. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
MacMullen, Ramsay (1993). Changes in the Roman Empire: Essays in the Ordinary. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-03601-2.
Thomas, Carol G.; D.P. Wick (1994). Decoding Ancient History: A Toolkit for the Historian as Detective. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-200205-1.
Thorndike, Lynn (1923–58). History of Magic and Experimental Science. New York: Macmillan. Eight volumes.
Citations and notes[edit]
Jump up ^ The invention of writing; Western Washington University
Jump up ^ Caroline Alexander, "Stonehenge," National Geographic, June 2008.
Jump up ^ It is used to refer to various other periods of ancient history, like Ancient Egypt, ancient Mesopotamia (such as, Assyria, Babylonia and Sumer) or other early civilizations of the Near East. It is less commonly used in reference to civilizations of the Far East.
Jump up ^ William Smith, A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. J. Murray, 1891
Jump up ^ Chris Scarre, The Penguin Historical Atlas of Ancient Rome (London: Penguin Books, 1995).
Jump up ^ Adkins, Lesley; Roy Adkins (1998). Handbook to Life in Ancient Rome. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-512332-8. page 3.
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values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: Хронология древней истории – Russian

values: เส้นเวลาของประวัติศาสตร์โบราณ – Thai

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Timeline_of_ancient_history rootpage-Timeline_of_ancient_history skin-vector action-view