text:
Military history of the Philippines during World War II
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
[hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (November 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
(Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The Commonwealth of the Philippines was attacked by the Empire of Japan on 8 December 1941 nine hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor (the Philippines is on the Asian side of the international date line). The United States of America controlled the Philippines at the time and possessed important military bases there. The combined American-Filipino army was defeated in the Battle of Corregidor in April 1942, but guerrilla resistance against the Japanese continued throughout the war. Uncaptured Filipino army units, a communist insurgency and supporting American agents all played a role in the resistance. Due to the huge number of islands, the Japanese never occupied many of the smaller and more minor islands. Japanese control over the countryside and smaller towns was often tenuous at best.
In 1944, Allied forces liberated the islands from Japanese control in a naval invasion.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 The Philippine Army
3 Far Eastern Command
4 Naval Forces
5 Mobilization and Reinforcement
6 Material and Training Deficiencies
7 The Japanese decide to attack
8 List of conflicts
9 See also
10 Notes
11 References
12 External links
Background[edit]
In September 1940, Nazi Germany, Kingdom of Italy, and Empire of Japan had allied under the Tripartite Coalition as the Axis powers. The United States banned the shipment of aviation gasoline to Japan in July 1940, and by 1941 shipments of scrap iron, steel, gasoline and other materials had practically ceased. Meanwhile, American economic support to China began to increase.
Japan and the USSR signed a neutrality pact in April 1941 and Japan increased pressure on the French and Dutch colonies in Southeast Asia to cooperate in economic matters. Japanese forces occupied the naval and air bases of southern Indochina on 22 July 1941. The Philippines was almost completely surrounded.
General George C. Marshall, US Army Chief of Staff, stated, "Adequate reinforcements for the Philippines, at this time, would have left the United States in a position of great peril, should there be a break in the defense of Great Britain."[1]
A campaign for independence from the US which had been ongoing since 1919 resulted on 17 January 1933 in the passage by the US Congress of the Hare–Hawes–Cutting Act over the veto of President Herbert Hoover.[2] The law promised Philippine independence after 10 years, but reserved several military and naval bases for the United States, as well as imposing tariffs and quotas on Philippine exports. Philippine Senate President Manuel L. Quezon caused the legislature to reject the bill. Subsequently, the Tydings–McDuffie Act, which eliminated provisions for US military reservations and substituted a provision for "ultimate settlement", became US law on 24 March 1934 and was accepted by the Philippine legislature on 1 May.[3] The impact of this on the future defense of the Philippines with the establishment was to prove disastrous. During the 10-year transition period, the Philippine Constabulary was vested with an ever-increasing responsibility for defending the borders of the Philippines.[citation needed] The forces of the US Army settled at around 10,000 men.[citation needed]
The US army had, however, already spent millions constructing Forts, and air strips throughout Luzon. This included the harbor defenses in Manila Bay, at Fort Mills on Corregidor Island and at Grande Island in Subic Bay. There were also bases at Nichols Air Station, now Villamor Airbase, Nielson Air Base (now Makati City—Ayala and Buendia Avenues lay over the original landing strips), at Fort William McKinley (now Fort Andres Bonifacio and the American Cemetery), Camp Murphy (now Camp Aguinaldo and Camp Crame) in Quezon City, Camp O'Donnell in Tarlac and a series of airbases and army installations in Pampanga including Fort Stotsenburg, Clark Air Base, as well as Camp Wallace in La Union, the Naval Station in Sangley Point, Cavite City, Camp Keithley in Lanao, Camp Eldridge in Los Baños, Laguna and Camp Henry T. Allen in Baguio City. Other fields in Tugegarao, Aparri, Isabela, Nueva Ecija, Legaspi, Bataan, and Del Monte in Davao were also built using US funds prior to and during the first years of the 1935 provisional Commonwealth.
The Philippine Army[edit]
Main article: Philippine Commonwealth Army
Philippine Commonwealth Army personnel in Davao
The date for Philippine Independence and US Military withdrawal was approaching, resulting in a reduction in funds from the US Military to directly support the expansion of the Philippine Army. Twelve Million US dollars were provided to the Commonwealth for the establishment of the Philippine Army in 1936. In the early years of the Commonwealth, the Philippine Army was composed of an Active Duty and a Reserve Component. The Active Duty component was the Philippine Constabulary, which was a para-military organization. After the outbreak of the war, this was referred to as the First Philippine Division. Many of the officers of the Philippine Army and Philippine Army Air Corps came from the members of the Philippine Constabulary and Air Constabulary.
Far Eastern Command[edit]
On 25 July 1941, US Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson requested that US President Franklin D. Roosevelt issue orders calling the military forces of the Commonwealth into active service for the United States. Stimson explained, "All practical steps should be taken to increase the defensive strength of the Philippine Islands."
The following day President Roosevelt froze all Japanese assets within the United States and issued orders to absorb the forces of the Philippine Army. That same day the War Department created the US Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE) command, with jurisdiction over the Philippine Department and the military forces of the Commonwealth. At the same time General Douglas MacArthur was recalled to active duty and designated the commander of USAFFE.
Naval Forces[edit]
At the outbreak of war the United States Navy's Asiatic Fleet was stationed at Cavite Naval Base in Manila Bay. Also stationed there was the Offshore Patrol.
Mobilization and Reinforcement[edit]
MacArthur ordered the mobilization of the Philippine Army beginning on 1 September. Elements of 10 Filipino reserve divisions were to be called into the service of the United States Army by 15 December. Battalions were not organized by the time of the Japanese invasion in December. However, a force of a hundred thousand or more Filipinos was raised.
200th Coastal Artillery, New Mexico Army National Guard on Luzon
On 14 August Brigadier General Leonard T. Gerow argued that the Philippine Department could not resist a Japanese attack. He thus recommended that the Philippines be reinforced with anti-aircraft artillery, modern aircraft and tanks. On 16 August, MacArthur was informed that by 5 September he could expect the 200th Coast Artillery Regiment (AA), the 192nd and 194th Tank Battalions and a company of the 17th Ordnance Battalion.
On 5 September Marshall asked MacArthur if he wanted a National Guard Division, probably the 41st. MacArthur replied that he did not need any additional divisions. He also stated, "Equipment and supplies are essential. If these steps are taken, I am confident that no such backing, the development of a completely adequate defense force will be rapid."
During September and October, in addition to the above-mentioned reinforcements, MacArthur received the 192nd Tank Battalion and 75 self-propelled 75 mm guns.
MacArthur strove to reorganize the Philippine Division from a square into a triangular formation. This plan involved shipping in an American infantry regiment and or complementing Stotsenburg and allow USAFFE control of 2 American combat teams. These plans also involved the formation of four tactical commands, each of corps strength, along with various additional support units.
By November the War Department had approved additional reinforcements of 1,312 officers, 25 nurses and 18,047 men. The 34th Infantry Regiment was scheduled to ship out from San Francisco on 8 December 1941. By 5 December fifty-five ships were en route from San Francisco carrying 100,000 ship-tons of cargo to the Philippines. On board were the personnel and equipment of the 26th Field Artillery Brigade, including the 147th Field Artillery, 75 mm, Truck Drawn, Regiment of the South Dakota National Guard; the 148th Field Artillery, 75 mm, Truck Drawn, Regiment of the Idaho National Guard and the 2d Battalion of the 131st Field Artillery, 75 mm, Truck Drawn, Regiment of the Texas National Guard. These units were diverted to Hawaii and assigned to its defenses.
GEN MacArthur at the induction of the Philippine Army Air Corps
When the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor took place, there were several air elements en route. This included 52 A-24 Banshee dive bombers of the 27th Bombardment Group, eighteen P-40s of the 35th Pursuit Group, 340 tons of bombs and 9,000 drums of aviation fuel. There were also two light field ground echelons of the 7th Bombardment Group, which arrived in the Philippines and were relocated to Mariveles after the evacuation of Manila. The air echelon squadrons of the 7th were en route to the Philippines and arrived in Pearl Harbor on the morning of 7 December 1941. They consisted of 9th, 463rd, 492nd, and 493d Heavy Bombardment Squadrons. The air ecehlon was diverted back to the US and then routed to Java through Australia.
Material and Training Deficiencies[edit]
The Philippine Army received clothing that was of poor quality. Their rubber shoes would wear out within 2 weeks. There were shortages of nearly every kind of equipment such as blankets, mosquito bars, shelter halves, entrenching tools, gas masks, and helmets.
During August, MacArthur had requested 84,500 Garand rifles, 330 .30-caliber machine guns, 326 .50-caliber machine-guns, 450 37mm guns, 217 81 mm mortars, 288 75 mm guns, and over 8,000 vehicles. On 18 September, he was informed that, because of lend-lease commitments, he would not receive most of these items. As a result, the Philippine Army was forced to continue using Enfield and Springfield rifles.
The shipment of supplies depended upon the US Navy's limited cargo capacity. In September, the Navy announced its intentions to convert three transports into escort carriers, but this was not done after MacArthur observed that the loss of three transports would delay his reinforcements by more than two months.
The army then approved requests for 105 mm howitzers, 75 mm pack howitzers, 75 mm guns, .30-caliber machine guns, 37 mm guns, ten 250 ft station hospitals, one hundred and eighty sets of regimental infirmary equipment, jeeps, ambulances, trucks and sedans. By November, there were 1,100,000 tons of equipment, intended for the Philippines, piled up in US ports. Most of this never reached its destination. Meanwhile, the Navy did manage to transport 1,000,000 gallons of gasoline to the island. Much of this fuel would be stored on the Bataan Peninsula.
In 1941, many Filipino units went into battle without ever having fired their weapons. Many of the troops had also never even seen an artillery piece fired. The 31st Infantry Division (PA) signal officer was unable to establish radio communication with other units in the same camp. The commander of the Philippine 31st Infantry Division, Colonel Bluemel stated, "The enlisted men are proficient in only two things, one, when an officer appears, to yell 'attention' in a loud voice, jump up, and salute; two, to demand 3 meals per day."
Training and coordination were further complicated by language barriers. Enlisted Filipinos often spoke one language (such as Bikol or a Visayan language), their officers would speak another (such as Tagalog) and the Americans would speak English. There were some first sergeants and company clerks who could neither read nor write.
The Japanese decide to attack[edit]
Advancing Japanese troops moving toward Manila.
See also: Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere and Statism in Shōwa Japan
The Japanese viewed all the lands of Asia to be the rightful property of the Imperial Japanese Government and the Emperor.[4] The land invasion of Korea, China and parts of Russia, which had begun at the turn of the 20th century, had been taking an upswing.[5] The Japanese had been kept from realizing their goal of unifying or dominating the Asian lands by the presence of foreign military forces in the Philippines (United States), Hong Kong, Malaysia (United Kingdom) and the Dutch East Indies.[6] Japan had hoped that they could strike fast and hold off reinforcements long enough to broker a peace accord from a position of strength.[7]
Central to the Japanese goals was the taking of all Asian lands.[8] To be successful US, UK, and Dutch forces were to be attacked simultaneously to prevent their ability to reinforce and aid their Asian possessions. Pivotal to the Japanese decision to attack was a tremendous need for crude oil as a result of economic sanctions imposed by the United States, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands which was weakening the Japanese economy. The Japanese leaders were faced with a choice: end the war in China and their plans for Asian conquest, so as to end the sanctions, or declare war on three large military forces. The current war against Britain, and the Netherlands, and the strain of providing aid by the United States to these countries was seen as an opportunity by the Japanese to extend their "rightful" place as a ruler in Asia.[9]
The Japanese government decided to seize resources under the control of Britain, the United States and the Netherlands. Japan had already placed over ten divisions in Formosa (Taiwan). Japanese military planners argued that the British (and the USSR should they decide to declare war), would be unable to effectively respond to a Japanese attack, given the threat posed by the Third Reich.
List of conflicts[edit]
Propaganda poster depicting the Philippine resistance movement
Congressional Gold Medal awarded in 2016 to Filipino WWII Veterans
Battle of the Philippines (1941–42) 8 December 1941 – 8 May 1942
Battle of Bataan 7 January – 9 April 1942
Battle of Corregidor 5–6 May 1942
Japanese occupation of the Philippines (1941–1945) 8 May 1942 – 5 July 1945
Philippine resistance against Japan 1941–45
Battle of Leyte 17 October – 26 December 1944
Philippines campaign (1944–45) 20 October 1944 – 15 August 1945
Battle of Leyte Gulf 23–26 October 1944
Battle of Ormoc Bay 11 November-21 December 1944
Battle of Mindoro 13–16 December 1944
Battle of Kirang Pass 1945
Battle of Maguindanao January to September 1945
Invasion of Lingayen Gulf 6–9 January 1945
Battle of Luzon 9 January – 15 August 1945
Battle of Bessang Pass 9 January 1945
Raid at Cabanatuan 30 January 1945
Battle of Bataan (1945) 31 January 1945
Battle of Manila (1945) 3 February – 3 March 1945
Battle of Corregidor (1945) 16–26 February 1945
Battle of Baguio (1945) 21 February 1945
Raid at Los Baños 23 February 1945
Invasion of Palawan 28 February – 22 April 1945
Battle of Mindanao 10 March – 15 August 1945
Battle of the Visayas 18 March – 30 July 1945
Battle at Piso Point 14 May 1945
See also[edit]
Gen. Alfredo M. Santos
Bataan Death March
César Basa
Comfort women
Commonwealth of the Philippines
Douglas MacArthur
Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays
Hiroo Onoda
Hukbalahap
Jesús A. Villamor
José P. Laurel
Manuel L. Quezon
Military history of Japan during World War II
Military history of the Philippines
Military history of the United States
Nichols Field
Nielson Field
Offshore Patrol
Philippine Commonwealth Army
Philippine Army Air Corps
Philippine Department
Philippine Division
Roy Anthony Cutaran Bennett
Second Philippine Republic
Sergio Osmeña
The Great Raid
US Army Forces Far East
XXIV Corps (United States)
Wendell Fertig
Yamashita Tomoyuki
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Catlett 1947, p. 70
Jump up ^ Agoncillo 1990, p. 328
Jump up ^ Agoncillo 1990, p. 347
Jump up ^ Saburo Ienaga (16 June 2010). "The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere: Liberation or Exploitation?". Pacific War, 1931–1945. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. pp. 153–180. ISBN 978-0-307-75609-1.
Ellis S. Krauss; Benjamin Nyblade (2004). Japan and North America: First contacts to the Pacific War. Taylor & Francis. pp. 168–169. ISBN 978-0-415-27515-6.
Jump up ^ Alice Miller; Richard Wich (20 January 2011). Becoming Asia: Change and Continuity in Asian International Relations Since World War II. Stanford University Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-8047-7151-1.
Jump up ^ Alice Miller; Richard Wich (20 January 2011). Becoming Asia: Change and Continuity in Asian International Relations Since World War II. Stanford University Press. pp. 7–8. ISBN 978-0-8047-7151-1.
Jump up ^ "Chapter 23: World War II: The War Against Japan". Center of Military History. United states Army. 27 April 2001.
Jump up ^ "Imperial Japan". History. AETN UK. Archived from the original on 17 September 2016. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Quest for Power and World War II in Asia". Asia for Educators. Columbia University. 2009. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
References[edit]
Agoncillo, Teodoro A. (1990), History of the Filipino People (Eighth ed.), Self-published, ISBN 971-8711-06-6
Catlett, George, ed. (1947), The War Reports of General of the Army George C. Marshall, Chief of Staff, General of the Army H. H. Arnold, Commanding General, Army Air Forces [and] Fleet Admiral Ernest J. King, Commander-in-Chief, United States Fleet and Chief of Naval Operations: General of the Army H. H. Arnold ... [and ..., Lippincott
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Philippines in World War II.
Statement of Ronald R. Aument, Deputy undersecretary for Benefits, Department of Veterans Affairs, before the House Committee on Veterans' Affairs, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, 15 February 2007, retrieved 22 May 2008
"World War II in the Philippines". Official Gazette (gov.ph). Retrieved 9 April 2012.
[show]
v
t
e
History of World War II by region and country
Africa
Belgian Congo
British Somaliland
Egypt
French West Africa
French Somaliland
Gold Coast
Kenya
Liberia
Nyasaland
Madagascar
South Africa
Southern Rhodesia
Tunisia
North America
Canada
Cuba
El Salvador
Greenland
Mexico
Newfoundland
Panama
United States
Arizona
Nevada
New Mexico
Puerto Rico
South America
Argentina
Brazil
British Guiana
Colombia
Latin America
Uruguay
Venezuela
Asia
Burma
Ceylon
China
Dutch East Indies
Hong Kong
India
Indochina
Iran
Iraq
Japan
Manchukuo
Malaya
Mongolia
Nepal
Philippines
Sarawak, Brunei, Labuan, and British North Borneo
Singapore
Thailand
Turkey
Europe
Albania
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Basque Country
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Soviet Union
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Ukraine
Spain
Galicia
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
British Empire
Channel Islands
Gibraltar
Vatican City
Yugoslavia
Oceania
Australia
Nauru
New Zealand
[show]
v
t
e
World War II
Asia and the Pacific
China
South-East Asia
North and Central Pacific
South-West Pacific
Europe
Western
Eastern
Mediterranean and Middle East
North Africa
East Africa
Italy
West Africa
Atlantic
North America
South America
Casualties
Military engagements
Conferences
Commanders
Participants
Allies
(leaders)
Australia
Belgium
Brazil
Canada
China
Cuba
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
Ethiopia
France
Free France (from June 1940)
Greece
India
Italy (from September 1943)
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Philippines (Commonwealth)
Poland
South Africa
Southern Rhodesia
Soviet Union
United Kingdom
United States
Puerto Rico
Yugoslavia
Axis and
Axis-aligned
(leaders)
Albania
Bulgaria
Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China
Independent State of Croatia
Finland
Germany
Hungary
Free India
Iraq
Italy (until September 1943)
Italian Social Republic
Japan
Manchukuo
Philippines (Second Republic)
Romania
Slovakia
Thailand
Vichy France
Armed neutrality
Resistance
Albania
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech lands
Denmark
Estonia
Ethiopia
France
Germany
Greece
Hong Kong
Italy
Japan
Jewish
Korea
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malaya
Netherlands
Northeast China
Norway
Philippines
Poland
Anti-communist
Romania
Thailand
Soviet Union
Slovakia
Western Ukraine
Vietnam
Yugoslavia
Monarchists
Timeline
Prelude
Africa
Asia
Europe
1939
Poland
Phoney War
Winter War
Atlantic
Changsha
China
1940
Weserübung
Netherlands
Belgium
France
Armistice of 22 June 1940
Britain
North Africa
West Africa
British Somaliland
North China
Baltic States
Moldova
Indochina
Greece
Compass
1941
East Africa
Yugoslavia
Shanggao
Greece
Crete
Iraq
Soviet Union (Barbarossa)
Finland
Lithuania
Syria and Lebanon
Kiev
Iran
Leningrad
Gorky
Moscow
Sevastopol
Pearl Harbor
The outbreak of the Pacific War
Hong Kong
Philippines
Changsha
Malaya
Borneo (1941–42)
1942
Burma
Changsha
Java Sea
Coral Sea
Gazala
Dutch Harbor
Attu (occupation)
Kiska
Zhejiang-Jiangxi
Midway
Rzhev
Blue
Stalingrad
Singapore
Dieppe
El Alamein
Guadalcanal
Torch
1943
Tunisia
Kursk
Smolensk
Gorky
Solomon Islands
Attu
Sicily
Cottage
Lower Dnieper
Italy
Armistice of Cassibile
Gilbert and Marshall Islands
Burma
Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
Changde
1944
Monte Cassino / Shingle
Narva
Korsun–Cherkassy
Tempest
Ichi-Go
Overlord
Neptune
Normandy
Mariana and Palau
Bagration
Western Ukraine
Tannenberg Line
Warsaw
Eastern Romania
Belgrade
Paris
Dragoon
Gothic Line
Market Garden
Estonia
Crossbow
Pointblank
Lapland
Hungary
Leyte
Ardennes
Bodenplatte
Philippines (1944–1945)
Burma (1944–45)
1945
Vistula–Oder
Iwo Jima
Western invasion of Germany
Okinawa
Italy (Spring 1945)
Borneo
Syrmian Front
Berlin
Czechoslovakia
Budapest
West Hunan
Guangxi
Surrender of Germany
Project Hula
Manchuria
Manila
Borneo
Taipei
Atomic bombings
Debate
Kuril Islands
Shumshu
Surrender of Japan
End of World War II in Asia
Aspects
General
Famines
Bengal famine of 1943
Chinese famine of 1942–43
Greek Famine of 1941-1944
Dutch famine of 1944–45
Vietnamese Famine of 1945
Air warfare of World War II
Blitzkrieg
Comparative military ranks
Cryptography
Diplomacy
Home front
United States
Australian
United Kingdom
Lend-Lease
Manhattan Project
Military awards
Military equipment
Military production
Nazi plunder
Opposition
Technology
Allied cooperation
Total war
Strategic bombing
Puppet states
Women
Art and World War II
Aftermath
Expulsion of Germans
Operation Paperclip
Operation Osoaviakhim
Operation Keelhaul
Occupation of Germany
Territorial changes of Germany
Soviet occupations
Romania
Poland
Hungary
Baltic States
Occupation of Japan
First Indochina War
Indonesian National Revolution
Cold War
Decolonization
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
Popular culture
War crimes
Allied war crimes
Soviet war crimes
British war crimes
United States war crimes
German (Forced labour) / Wehrmacht war crimes
Holocaust
Aftermath
Response
Prosecution
Italian war crimes
Japanese war crimes
Unit 731
Prosecution
Croatian war crimes
against the Serbs
against the Jews
Romanian war crimes
Wartime
sexual violence
German military brothels
Camp brothels
Rape during the occupation of Japan
Sook Ching
Comfort women
Rape of Nanking
Rape of Manila
Rape during the occupation of Germany
Rape during the liberation of France
Rape during the liberation of Poland
Prisoners
Finnish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union
German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union
German prisoners of war in the United States
Italian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union
Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet Union
Japanese prisoners of war in World War II
German mistreatment of Soviet prisoners of war
Polish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union
Romanian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union
Soviet prisoners of war in Finland
Bibliography
Category
Portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Military_history_of_the_Philippines_during_World_War_II&oldid=833283151"
Categories:
Military history of the Philippines during World War II
Philippines in World War II
1940s in the Philippines
Military history of the Philippines
South West Pacific theatre of World War II
World War II national military histories
United States military in the Philippines
Hidden categories:
Use dmy dates from April 2017
Articles needing additional references from August 2008
All articles needing additional references
Articles lacking in-text citations from November 2014
All articles lacking in-text citations
Articles with multiple maintenance issues
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from August 2008
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 30 March 2018, at 17:13.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: td

value: span

attrs: class role tabindex

values: mw-collapsible-toggle button 0

value: b

attrs: class href

values: Talk:Military history of the Philippines during World War II

value: i

value: small

attrs: href class

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

values: Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes

values:
mw-collapsible
width:95%; margin: 0.2em 0;

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox

values:
/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1944-45)
mw-redirect
Philippines campaign (1944-45)

values: Kingdom of Italy under Fascism (1922–1943)

values:
/wiki/Tripartite_Coalition
mw-redirect
Tripartite Coalition

values:
/wiki/Aviation_gasoline
mw-redirect
Aviation gasoline

values:
/wiki/George_C._Marshall
mw-redirect
George C. Marshall

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2008)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Villamor_Airbase
mw-redirect
Villamor Airbase

values:
/wiki/Makati_City
mw-redirect
Makati City

values:
/wiki/Fort_William_McKinley
mw-redirect
Fort William McKinley

values:
/wiki/Fort_Andres_Bonifacio
mw-redirect
Fort Andres Bonifacio

values:
/wiki/US_Naval_Station_Sangley_Point
mw-redirect
US Naval Station Sangley Point

values:
/wiki/Baguio_City
mw-redirect
Baguio City

values:
/wiki/Tuguegarao_City
mw-redirect
Tuguegarao City

values:
/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt
mw-redirect
Franklin Delano Roosevelt

values:
/wiki/Asiatic_Fleet
mw-redirect
Asiatic Fleet

values:
/wiki/Cavite_Naval_Base
mw-redirect
Cavite Naval Base

values: Edit section: Mobilization and Reinforcement

values:
/wiki/Anti-aircraft_artillery
mw-redirect
Anti-aircraft artillery

values:
/wiki/194th_Tank_Battalion
mw-redirect
194th Tank Battalion

values: 17th Ordnance Battalion (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/United_States_National_Guard
mw-redirect
United States National Guard

values:
/wiki/A-24_Banshee
mw-redirect
A-24 Banshee

values: 27th Bombardment Group (L) (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/35th_Pursuit_Group
mw-redirect
35th Pursuit Group

values: 7th Bombardment Group (H) (page does not exist)

values: Edit section: Material and Training Deficiencies

values:
/wiki/Mosquito_bar
mw-redirect
Mosquito bar

values:
/wiki/M1919_Browning
mw-redirect
M1919 Browning

values:
/wiki/37mm_Gun_M3
mw-redirect
37mm Gun M3

values:
/wiki/M1917_Enfield_rifle
mw-redirect
M1917 Enfield rifle

values:
/wiki/Springfield_Rifle
mw-redirect
Springfield Rifle

values:
/wiki/Escort_aircraft_carrier
mw-redirect
Escort aircraft carrier

values:
/wiki/Bataan_Peninsula
mw-redirect
Bataan Peninsula

values: 31st Infantry Division (Philippine Commonwealth Army) (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Bikol_language
mw-redirect
Bikol language

values: Edit section: The Japanese decide to attack

values:
/wiki/Japanese_economy
mw-redirect
Japanese economy

values:
/wiki/Third_Reich
mw-redirect
Third Reich

values:
/wiki/Battle_of_Kirang_Pass
mw-redirect
Battle of Kirang Pass

values:
/wiki/Raid_at_Los_Ba%C3%B1os
mw-redirect
Raid at Los Baños

values: Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays

values: Military history of Japan during World War II

values:
/wiki/US_Army_Forces_Far_East
mw-redirect
US Army Forces Far East

values:
/wiki/Yamashita_Tomoyuki
mw-redirect
Yamashita Tomoyuki

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: commons:Category:Philippines in World War II

values: Military history of South Africa during World War II

values: Military history of Canada during World War II

values:
/wiki/El_Salvador_during_World_War_II
mw-redirect
El Salvador during World War II

values: Military history of the United States during World War II

values: Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies

values: Single-party period of the Republic of Turkey

values: Military history of Bulgaria during World War II

values: Military history of Finland during World War II

values: Military history of Greece during World War II

values: Military history of Italy during World War II

values:
/wiki/Liechtenstein_in_World_War_II
mw-redirect
Liechtenstein in World War II

values: Resistance in Lithuania during World War II

values:
/wiki/Portugal_in_World_War_II
mw-redirect
Portugal in World War II

values: Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II

values: German occupation of the Channel Islands

values: Military history of Gibraltar during World War II

values: Military history of Australia during World War II

values: Military history of New Zealand during World War II

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: South-East Asian theatre of World War II

values: South West Pacific theatre of World War II

values: Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II

values: List of military engagements of World War II

values: Military history of the Netherlands during World War II

values:
/wiki/Armed_neutrality
mw-redirect
Armed neutrality

values: Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II

values: Resistance in German-occupied Czechoslovakia

values: Estonian anti-German resistance movement 1941–44

values: Japanese dissidence during the early Shōwa period

values: Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe

values: Latvian anti-Nazi resistance movement 1941–45

values: Polish resistance movement in World War II

values: Romanian anti-communist resistance movement

values: Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina

values: Battle of Northern Burma and Western Yunnan

values:
/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1945)
mw-redirect
Timeline of World War II (1945)

values:
/wiki/Raid_on_Taihoku
mw-redirect
Raid on Taihoku

values: Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

values: Debate over the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

values: Comparative officer ranks of World War II

values: United States home front during World War II

values: Australian home front during World War II

values: Timeline of the United Kingdom home front during World War II

values: Lists of World War II military equipment

values: Allied technological cooperation during World War II

values: Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–50)

values: Military occupations by the Soviet Union

values: Forced labour under German rule during World War II

values: International Military Tribunal for the Far East

values: The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia

values: German military brothels in World War II

values:
/wiki/Rape_of_Manila
mw-redirect
Rape of Manila

values: Finnish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union

values: German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union

values: German prisoners of war in the United States

values: Italian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union

values: Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet Union

values: Japanese prisoners of war in World War II

values: German mistreatment of Soviet prisoners of war

values: Polish prisoners-of-war in the Soviet Union after 1939

values: Romanian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: Category:Military history of the Philippines during World War II

values: Category:Military history of the Philippines

values: Category:South West Pacific theatre of World War II

values: Category:World War II national military histories

values: Category:United States military in the Philippines

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from August 2008

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:Articles lacking in-text citations from November 2014

values: Category:All articles lacking in-text citations

values: Category:Articles with multiple maintenance issues

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2008

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: 二戰時期的菲律賓 – Chinese

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Military_history_of_the_Philippines_during_World_War_II rootpage-Military_history_of_the_Philippines_during_World_War_II skin-vector action-view


text:
Frank Reynolds (It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
[hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (October 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This article's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions. (October 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This article describes a work or element of fiction in a primarily in-universe style. Please help rewrite it to explain the fiction more clearly and provide non-fictional perspective. (May 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
(Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Frank Reynolds
It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia character
Danny DeVito, who portrays Frank Reynolds
First appearance
"Charlie Gets Crippled"
Created by
Rob McElhenney
Glenn Howerton
Charlie Day
Portrayed by
Danny DeVito
Information
Aliases
Dr. Mantis Toboggan
Occupation
Landlord of Paddy's Pub
Family
Gino Reynolds (brother)
Spouse(s)
Barbara Reynolds (ex-wife; deceased)
Charlie Kelly (legal ex-husband)
Children
Dennis Reynolds (legal son)
Deandra Reynolds (legal daughter)
Charlie Kelly (possible biological son)
Ronald "Mac" McDonald (adopted son)
Relatives
Donna (former sister-in-law)
"Gail the Snail" (former niece by marriage)
Franklin "Frank" Reynolds is a fictional character on the FX television series It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia. Frank is the legal father of twins Dennis and Dee and the roommate, ex-husband, and alleged biological father of Charlie. He is played by Danny DeVito.
Frank appears to be intelligent relative to the rest of The Gang, but is quite possibly mentally unstable. In episodes his character frequently becomes paranoid, delusional and psychotic. He has also attempted suicide several times, and has consumed a large quantity and variety of drugs throughout the series. Frank styles himself as a master manipulator and frequently takes the lead in The Gang's schemes.
Contents
[hide]
1 Introduction
2 Description
3 Influence on the gang
4 Psychology
Introduction[edit]
Introduced in the throes of a midlife crisis, he first appears in the season 2 premiere, "Charlie Gets Crippled." His background is as a successful businessman with a long history of illegal operations and dealings with sordid characters, some of whom vow to "skin him alive." In the second episode of season 2, "The Gang Goes Jihad," Frank becomes the owner of the land underneath Paddy's Pub after The Gang accidentally blew up the building next door to scare off an Israeli businessman who had attempted to evict them, giving Frank an opening to buy the properties from the Israeli and then threaten to turn Mac, Dennis and Charlie over to the police unless they agree to his demands. He uses this leverage to forcibly join The Gang and become their "Captain." The series has alluded to Frank as Charlie's biological father, a claim he readily disputes by refusing to take a paternity test despite Charlie's urgings.
Description[edit]
This section may be too long to read and navigate comfortably. Please consider splitting content into sub-articles, condensing it, or adding or removing subheadings. (November 2013)
Frank claims to have his children's best interests at heart, but he frequently exploits and insults them, even more so after it is revealed that he is not their biological father. We learn that Frank made a tradition at Christmas of buying the gifts his children most wanted for himself just to see them suffer.
It has been clear that Frank and his wife's greedy, indifferent and cruel parenting shaped Dennis and Dee's pathologies into the narcissistic, borderline-sociopathic way they are today. Over the course of the series he has pimped out his son Dennis for "no-rules" sexual favors and trained his daughter Dee to be a boxer so she could fight the daughter of his longtime nemesis. He is especially cruel to Dee, constantly remarking negatively on her age and looks. In "Dennis and Dee's Mom Is Dead" he convinces her to pretend to be engaged to him and almost takes part in sexual activity with her. When it is learned that Dennis and Dee were the products of an affair Frank's wife engaged in, Frank and his children mutually cease to regard each other as family and instead as just part of The Gang.
Frank seems to take Mac under his wing, "mentoring" him on how to succeed in life via shady, unethical and sometimes illegal methods. It is observed that Mac looks up to Frank, perhaps more so than the rest of The Gang, with the possible exception of Charlie. Charlie has taken extreme measures to ensure that Frank remains his roommate, despite Frank's cruel, manipulative behavior towards him. It is revealed that Frank is possibly Charlie's long-lost father, due to Frank's affair with Charlie's mom 30 years before. Frank claims he was never told of Charlie's birth, and pushed for Charlie's mom to have an abortion, however, despite having the procedure done, the abortion "didn't take" and Charlie somehow survived.
Influence on the gang[edit]
Though he clearly teaches life lessons and even offers valuable insights to The Gang, Frank's worldview is often very skewed. In the episode "Mac and Dennis: Manhunters," Dennis remarks that some of the stories Frank tells of his life come straight from John Rambo's life. In "The Gang Gets Held Hostage," Frank emulates John McClane from the Die Hard film series. In the episode "Mac Is a Serial Killer," Dennis says Frank "makes less and less sense as the days go by," and in the episode "The Gang Gets Lost in The Woods," Dee says to Frank "I just don't question the things you do anymore." Frank has displayed diminishing mental capacities as the show goes on, often seemingly to forget what he's saying in the middle of a sentence, which may be shaped by a lifetime of substance abuse.
He has a tendency to trip on LSD, where he has manifested traumatizing experiences being trapped in the bathrooms of recreational vehicles. Like the rest of the Gang, he often drinks alcohol, but usually not to the excess that the others do, except in the episode "The Gang Gives Frank an Intervention." Frank is also notable for his recreational use of marijuana, using the drug with a higher frequency than other members of The Gang. He often does cocaine right before introducing a scheme to the Gang. Frank has shown extreme violent tendencies and, unlike his cowardly friends, seems to relish physical confrontations and inflicting physical pain on others. He is known for carrying around a snub-nosed revolver on him at all times, producing it whenever and wherever he or others in The Gang feels it is necessary, pointing it around, even firing it, mostly at inappropriate times, such as when he thought there was a grease fire in Paddy's in the episode "The Gang Gives Frank an Intervention." In the episode "Mac is a Serial Killer", Frank is eager to use a chainsaw on Mac when he becomes convinced that he is a serial killer and appears to be about use the chainsaw on the real serial killer at the conclusion of the episode. In another episode, Frank waterboards Dee in a urinal, in order to gain information from her. In the episode "The Gang Gets Held Hostage," Frank tried to ensure Charlie be murdered to protect his own will and, in "The Gang Goes to the Jersey Shore", Frank nearly murdered Mac in competition over a "rum ham" when the two accidentally go adrift at sea.
Frank appears to be very wealthy, apparently making his fortune from his former real estate company ReyHam Properties, from which he swindled his business partner Eugene out of his share of the company, as well as foreign business deals, such as a Vietnamese sweatshop; He also makes vast amount of money through crooked business schemes such as purchasing a stake in a gun store, and then making the public anxious about crime. Despite this wealth, Frank prefers to live in squalor as Charlie's roommate in an apartment referred to by anyone who dares step into it as "a shithole," which originally stemmed from his desire to hide assets from his then recently separated wife.
Since then, he has gone through a consistent and prominent devolution and becoming more and more cruel, selfish, and greedy as the show has progressed. He will do anything in his power to sleep with women (seemingly any woman), frequenting strip clubs, prostitutes and almost joining (along with Dennis) a group of swingers. Frank even happily bedded "the waitress", Charlie's long time object of unrequited love. Frank was initially aghast when he learns Dennis and Dee are not his children, upset over their divorce, and appeared to be overjoyed when his long-time wife dies. At one point, Frank tries to have sex with his niece through marriage, the grotesque "Gail the Snail," but they only wind up dry humping after consuming several Monster energy drinks. In "Frank's Pretty Woman", Frank was prepared to settle down with a nasty prostitute but was then completely indifferent when he learns that she died from a crack-cocaine overdose.
Psychology[edit]
Though Frank is egotistical, diabolical, and maniacal, he appears to have some good in him; he seems to have loving feelings for Charlie, apparently more so than he does for Dennis and Dee. In "Mac and Charlie Die," he becomes grief-stricken when Charlie fakes his own death; he carries around a plastic likeness of Charlie through the streets while wailing and keening his love for him. Towards the end of the episode Charlie claims to have seen Frank "banging" said plastic likeness. Frank and Charlie were briefly married at the beginning of the sixth season.
Frank is a severe compulsive gambler, seen betting on everything from grade school basketball to Russian roulette, usually with his chain smoking, and high-stakes betting ring of Vietnamese friends. Sweet Dee once told Frank, "You can't just come in here and start running our lives like this, it's not fair!" to which Frank replied "Wanna bet?" Dee, confused, asks "On what? Whether or not it's fair?" to which Frank replies "Sure. Bet on whatever." This is a prime example of his boundless addiction to gambling, no matter how ridiculous the circumstances.
In one episode, Frank also is shown as member of a street gang called the "Yellow Jacket Boys." They appear to be leather jacket-wearing thugs, but the most menacing thing they are seen doing is enchanting the streets of Philadelphia with their doowop singing. "What's the action?" has at times been Frank's signature line. Frank's views on politics and government often tends to be libertarian in nature, when he isn't lost in a nihilistic fog; Frank did appreciate that, in "The Great Recession", the government inexplicably gave him a bailout that restored his fortune after he lost all his money in a Ponzi scheme.
[hide]
v
t
e
It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia
Characters
Charlie Kelly
Dennis Reynolds
Mac
Deandra Reynolds
Frank Reynolds
The Waitress
Seasons
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Category
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frank_Reynolds_(It%27s_Always_Sunny_in_Philadelphia)&oldid=816171297"
Categories:
Fictional alcohol abusers
Fictional American people of Irish descent
Fictional blackmailers
Fictional businesspeople
Fictional cannabis users
Fictional characters introduced in 2006
Fictional characters from Pennsylvania
Fictional characters from Philadelphia
Fictional cocaine users
Fictional criminals
Fictional drug addicts
Fictional gamblers
Fictional LSD users
Fictional Republicans (United States)
It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia characters
Midlife crisis in fiction
Psychopathy in fiction
Hidden categories:
Articles lacking sources from October 2013
All articles lacking sources
Articles that may contain original research from October 2013
All articles that may contain original research
Wikipedia articles needing style editing from October 2013
All articles needing style editing
Articles that need to differentiate between fact and fiction from May 2014
All articles that need to differentiate between fact and fiction
Articles with multiple maintenance issues
Pages using deprecated image syntax
Articles that may be too long from November 2013
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Edit links
This page was last edited on 19 December 2017, at 19:04.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: mw-collapsible-toggle button 0

attrs: href title

values: Talk:Frank Reynolds (It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia)

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Tone

values: Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Writing about fiction

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-in-universe

values:
mw-collapsible
width:95%; margin: 0.2em 0;

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox

values: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background: #DEDEE2; color: #000000;

values: Danny DeVito cropped and edited for brightness.jpg

values:
/wiki/Charlie_Gets_Crippled
mw-redirect
Charlie Gets Crippled

values: text-align:center;background: #DEDEE2; color: #000000;

values:
/wiki/Paddy%27s_Pub
mw-redirect
Paddy's Pub

values:
/wiki/Dennis_Reynolds
mw-redirect
Dennis Reynolds

values: Charlie Kelly (It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia)

values:
infobox
width:22em;border-spacing: 2px 5px;

values:
/wiki/Biological_father
mw-redirect
Biological father

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-very_long

values:
/wiki/Recreational_vehicles
mw-redirect
Recreational vehicles

values:
/wiki/Snub-nosed_revolver
mw-redirect
Snub-nosed revolver

values:
/wiki/Grease_fire
mw-redirect
Grease fire

values:
/wiki/Strip_clubs
mw-redirect
Strip clubs

values:
/wiki/Compulsive_gambler
mw-redirect
Compulsive gambler

values:
/wiki/Grade_school
mw-redirect
Grade school

values:
/wiki/Street_gang
mw-redirect
Street gang

values: Template:It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia

values: Template talk:It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia

values: List of It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia characters

values: The Waitress (It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia)

values: List of It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia episodes

values: It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (season 1)

values: It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (season 2)

values: It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (season 3)

values: It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (season 4)

values: It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (season 5)

values: It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (season 6)

values: It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (season 7)

values: It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (season 8)

values: It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (season 9)

values: It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (season 10)

values: It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (season 11)

values: It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (season 12)

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: Category:It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Fictional American people of Irish descent

values: Category:Fictional characters introduced in 2006

values: Category:Fictional characters from Pennsylvania

values: Category:Fictional characters from Philadelphia

values: Category:Fictional Republicans (United States)

values: Category:It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia characters

values: Category:Articles lacking sources from October 2013

values: Category:Articles that may contain original research from October 2013

values: Category:All articles that may contain original research

values: Category:Wikipedia articles needing style editing from October 2013

values: Category:All articles needing style editing

values: Category:Articles that need to differentiate between fact and fiction from May 2014

values: Category:All articles that need to differentiate between fact and fiction

values: Category:Articles with multiple maintenance issues

values: Category:Pages using deprecated image syntax

values: Category:Articles that may be too long from November 2013

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: فرانك رينولدز (فيلادلفيا دائما مشمسة) – Arabic

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Frank_Reynolds_It_s_Always_Sunny_in_Philadelphia rootpage-Frank_Reynolds_It_s_Always_Sunny_in_Philadelphia skin-vector action-view


text:
Lotus-eaters
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Lotus-eaters (disambiguation).
Odysseus removing his men from the company of the lotus-eaters
In Greek mythology the lotus-eaters (Greek: λωτοφάγοι, lōtophagoi), also referred to as the lotophagi or lotophaguses (singular lotophagus /ləˈtɒfəɡəs/) or lotophages (singular lotophage /ˈloʊtəfeɪdʒ/), were a race of people living on an island dominated by lotus plants. The lotus fruits and flowers were the primary food of the island and were a narcotic, causing the inhabitants to sleep in peaceful apathy.
Contents
[hide]
1 Mythology
2 Location
3 Lotus plant
4 Notes
Mythology[edit]
Odysseus' men in an unconscious state
In the Odyssey Book IX, Odysseus tells how adverse north winds blew him and his men off course as they were rounding Cape Malea, the southernmost tip of the Peloponnesus, headed westwards for Ithaca:
I was driven thence by foul winds for a space of 9 days upon the sea, but on the tenth day we reached the land of the Lotus-eaters, who live on a food that comes from a kind of flower. Here we landed to take in fresh water, and our crews got their mid-day meal on the shore near the ships. When they had eaten and drunk I sent two of my company to see what manner of men the people of the place might be, and they had a third man under them. They started at once, and went about among the Lotus-eaters, who did them no hurt, but gave them to eat of the lotus, which was so delicious that those who ate of it left off caring about home, and did not even want to go back and say what had happened to them, but were for staying and munching lotus with the Lotus-eaters without thinking further of their return; nevertheless, though they wept bitterly I forced them back to the ships and made them fast under the benches. Then I told the rest to go on board at once, lest any of them should taste of the lotus and leave off wanting to get home, so they took their places and smote the grey sea with their oars.[1]
Location[edit]
Herodotus, in the fifth century BC, was sure that the lotus-eaters still existed in his day, in coastal Libya:
A promontory jutting out into the sea from the country of the Gindanes is inhabited by the lotus-eaters, who live entirely on the fruit of the lotus-tree. The lotus fruit is about the size of the lentisk berry and in sweetness resembles the date.[2] The lotus-eaters even succeed in obtaining from it a sort of wine.[3]
Polybius identifies the land of the lotus-eaters as the island of Djerba (ancient Meninx), off the coast of Tunisia. Later this identification is supported by Strabo.[4]
Lotus plant[edit]
Because the Greek word lôtos can refer to several different plants, there is some ambiguity as to which "lotus" appears in the Odyssey. Some of the proposed species, based in part on Herodotus' assertion, include:
a fodder plant such as a species of Trifolium, Melilot or Trigonella, the Lotus corniculatus, the fellbloom, or Medicago arborea
the sweet and succulent persimmon fruit of the date-plum Diospyros lotus
a water-lily, either Nymphaea lotus, Nymphaea caerulea, or Nymphaea stellata. Recent studies[which?] have shown that the blue water-lily of the Nile, Nymphaea caerulea, also known as the blue lotus (already known under this name to the Greeks), is another candidate. It can be processed to be used as a soporific and, in some formulations, has psychotropic properties. It is common in Egyptian iconography which suggests its use in a religious context.[citation needed]
the nettle-tree, Celtis australis
Ziziphus lotus, a relative of the jujube
It is the last of these, or another member of the genus Ziziphus, that is traditionally taken to be the plant meant in the Odyssey.[5]
Alternatives could be: i) The Loquat Eriotrya japonica, (Pronounced 'Luo gwat' in Cantonese), is a native of China, Himachal Pradesh Province of India and northern Pakistan. (Aithiops or “Ethiopian,” a Greek concoction meaning “sunburnt face,”, so perhaps The 'Ethiopians' means the 'Indians 'rather than the Africans). The Loquat is a mild sedative, because the leaves and pips contain cyanogenic glycosides that have a sedative effect lasting 24 hours, but presumably could be fatal in high dosages . ii) The apricot,Prunus armeniaca,."Apricot kernels pose risk of cyanide poisonins" (European Food Safety Authority. 27 April 2016). The Greek word “lotus” means 'the fruit that brings oblivion to those who eat it'. Perhaps suggestive of the dangers of over-eating loquats or apricots.
Fenugreek seeds.
Nymphaea lotus.
Lotus corniculatus.
Nelumbo nucifera seeds.
Celtis australis.
Fresh jujube fruits.
Nymphaea caerulea.
Diospyros lotus "date-plums"
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Odyssey IX, translated by Samuel Butler.
Jump up ^ In A.D. Godley's translation "mastich-berry".
Jump up ^ Herodotus, Histories, iv.177 (on-line text).
Jump up ^ Strabo 1.2.17.
Jump up ^ lôtos at Liddell, Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, 1889.
[hide]
v
t
e
Places visited by Odysseus in Homer's Odyssey
Ismarus
The island of Lotus-eaters
The island of Polyphemus
Aeolia
Telepylos
Aeaea
The Underworld
The Sirens
Scylla and Charybdis
Thrinacia
Ogygia
Scheria
Ithaca
Land of the Lotus Eaters leveled book
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lotus-eaters&oldid=826444273"
Categories:
Geography of the Odyssey
Legendary tribes in Greco-Roman historiography
Ancient Libyans
Hidden categories:
Articles containing Ancient Greek-language text
All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases
Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from September 2013
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from February 2007
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Català
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
فارسی
Français
한국어
Italiano
עברית
Magyar
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Polski
Português
Русский
Sicilianu
Suomi
Svenska
Українська
Edit links
This page was last edited on 19 February 2018, at 03:43.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/Lotus-eaters_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Lotus-eaters (disambiguation)

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: class style

attrs: lang xml:lang

values: grc grc

values:
/wiki/Diospyros_lotus
mw-redirect
Diospyros lotus

values:
/wiki/Nymphaea_stellata
mw-redirect
Nymphaea stellata

values: The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (September 2013)

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words
mw-redirect
Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2007)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: Template:Places visited by Odysseus in the Odyssey

values: Template talk:Places visited by Odysseus in the Odyssey

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Legendary tribes in Greco-Roman historiography

values: Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek-language text

values: Category:All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases

values: Category:Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from September 2013

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2007

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values:
/wiki/Lotus-eaters
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: Λωτοφάγοι – Greek

values: لوتوفاگ‌ها – Persian

values: 로토파고스족 – Korean

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotofagi
Lotofagi – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

values: אוכלי הלוטוס – Hebrew

values:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotofagen
Lotofagen – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

values: ロートパゴス族 – Japanese

values:
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotofager
Lotofager – Norwegian
no
no
interlanguage-link-target

values: Лотофаги – Russian

values:
https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotofagi
Lotofagi – Sicilian
scn
scn
interlanguage-link-target

values: Лотофаги – Ukrainian

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Lotus-eaters rootpage-Lotus-eaters skin-vector action-view


text:
The Godfather (film series)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
The Godfather
Directed by
Francis Ford Coppola
Produced by
Francis Ford Coppola (2–3)
Albert S. Ruddy (1)
Gray Frederickson (2)
Fred Roos (2)
Fred Fuchs (3)
Written by
Mario Puzo
Francis Ford Coppola
Robert Towne (1)
Based on
The Godfather
by Mario Puzo
Music by
Nino Rota
Carmine Coppola
Cinematography
Gordon Willis
Edited by
Peter Zinner (1–2)
Barry Malkin (2–3)
William H. Reynolds (1)
Richard Marks (2)
Lisa Fruchtman (3)
Walter Murch (3)
Production
company
Alfran Productions (1)
American Zoetrope (3)
Distributed by
Paramount Pictures
Release date
15 March 1972 (1972-03-15)
(The Godfather)
20 December 1974 (1974-12-20)
(The Godfather Part II)
25 December 1990 (1990-12-25)
(The Godfather Part III)
Running time
539 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Italian
Spanish
Budget
$73.5 million
Box office
$574.8 million
The Godfather is an American film series that consists of three crime drama films directed by Francis Ford Coppola inspired by the novel of the same name by Italian American author Mario Puzo. The series follows the trials of the Corleone family, Italian Americans whose patriarch, Vito Corleone, rises to be a major figure in American organized crime. His youngest son, Michael Corleone, becomes his successor. The films were distributed by Paramount Pictures and released in 1972, 1974 and 1990. The series achieved success at the box office, with the films earning over $550 million worldwide. The Godfather is seen by many as one of the greatest films of all time, while The Godfather Part II is viewed by many as the best sequel in cinematic history. The series is heavily awarded, winning 9 out of 29 total Academy Award nominations.
Contents
1 Film series
1.1 The Godfather
1.2 The Godfather Part II
1.3 The Godfather Part III
2 Fourth film
3 Compilations for video and television
4 Cast
5 Reception
5.1 Box office performance
5.2 Critical response
5.3 Accolades
6 Video games
7 Notes
8 References
9 Further reading
Film series[edit]
The Godfather[edit]
Main article: The Godfather
The Godfather was released on March 15, 1972. The feature-length film was directed by Francis Ford Coppola and based upon Mario Puzo's novel of the same name. The plot begins with Don Vito Corleone declining an offer to join in the narcotics business with notorious drug lord Virgil Sollozzo, which leads to an assassination attempt. Meanwhile, Vito's oldest son Sonny takes over the family and Michael strikes back for the assassination attempt by killing Sollozzo and a corrupted police captain, forcing Michael to go to Sicily in hiding. While in Sicily, Michael travels around the country and meets a woman he marries but who is killed in a car bombing. Michael returns to America after the news of his brother Sonny's murder. After returning, Vito turns over the reins of the family to Michael. Michael plans to move the family business to Las Vegas; but before the move, he plots the killing of the heads of the five families on the day of his nephew's baptism. Other subplots include Vito's daughter's abusive marriage, Johnny Fontaine's success in Hollywood and Vito's second son Fredo's role in the family business in Las Vegas.
The Godfather Part II[edit]
Main article: The Godfather Part II
The Godfather Part II was released on December 20, 1974. The feature-length film was again directed by Francis Ford Coppola and based upon Mario Puzo's novel of the same name. The film is in part both a sequel and a prequel to The Godfather, presenting two parallel dramas. The main storyline, following the first film's events, centers on Michael Corleone, the new Don of the Corleone crime family, trying to hold his business ventures together from 1958 to 1959; the other is a series of flashbacks following his father, Vito Corleone, from his childhood in Sicily in 1901 to his founding of the Corleone family in New York City.
The Godfather Part III[edit]
Main article: The Godfather Part III
The Godfather Part III was released on December 25, 1990. Francis Ford Coppola returned as director for the feature-length film, while also writing the screenplay with the help of the author Mario Puzo. It completes the story of Michael Corleone, a Mafia kingpin who tries to legitimize his criminal empire, and shows the rise of Sonny Corleone's illegitimate son Vincent Corleone as Michael's successor. The film also weaves into its plot a fictionalized account of real-life events, which include the 1978 death of Pope John Paul I and the Papal banking scandal of 1981 and 1982, and links them with each other and with the affairs of Michael Corleone.
Fourth film[edit]
Following the reaction after the third film, Coppola stated that the idea of a fourth had been discussed but Puzo died on July 2, 1999, before they had a chance to write the film. Earlier, on June 21, 1999, The Hollywood Reporter had reported that a fourth film was in the works with García in the lead role. García has since claimed the film's script was nearly produced.[1] After Puzo's death, Coppola decided to not continue the film series.[2] Puzo's portion of the potential sequel, dealing with the Corleone family in the early 1930s, was eventually expanded into a novel by Ed Falco and released in 2012 as The Family Corleone.[3] The estate of Puzo had sought to keep Paramount Pictures from producing a feature film based on the novel.[4] This has been resolved, with Paramount gaining the rights to make more Godfather films.[5]
The fourth film was intended to be a prequel.[6] They had discussed a potential script, told in a similar narrative as Part II: with younger Vito Corleone and Sonny gaining the families' political power during the 1930s; and with Vincent Corleone in the 1980s, haunted by Mary's death, running the family business through a ten-year destructive war and eventually losing the families' respect and power, seeing one final scene with Michael Corleone before his death.[1] Many actors were announced to play in the film: Robert De Niro, Andy García and Talia Shire were slated to reprise their roles.[7] Leonardo DiCaprio was cast as a younger Sonny Corleone.[8] Robert Duvall was supposed to reprise his role as Tom Hagen.[9] Al Pacino may have appeared in a cameo appearance at the end of the film before his character's death.[10]
Compilations for video and television[edit]
Three compilations were created by Coppola and editors Barry Malkin and Walter Murch:
The Godfather Saga (1977) – seven hours television miniseries based on the first two films and incorporating additional footage that was not included in the theatrical releases.
The Godfather 1902–1959: The Complete Epic (1981) – version of The Godfather Saga that was released in video (VHS format).[11]
The Godfather Trilogy: 1901–1980 (1992) ten hours compilation released directly to video (VHS and LaserDisc formats) in 1992 and 1997 encompassing the three films and incorporating footage that was not included in the theatrical releases and additional footage that the Saga or Epic releases had included.
Cast[edit]
hideCharacter
Film
The Godfather[12]
The Godfather Part II[13]
The Godfather Part III[14]
Michael Corleone
Al Pacino
Kay Adams-Corleone
Diane Keaton
Fredo Corleone
John Cazale John Cazale
(archive footage)
Al Neri
Richard Bright
Connie Corleone
Talia Shire
Theresa Hagen
Tere Livrano
Francesca Corleone
Jeanne Savarino Pesch
Kathryn Corleone
Janet Savarino Smith
Don Tommasino
Corrado Gaipa Mario Cotone Vittorio Duse
Anthony Corleone
Anthony Gounaris James Gounaris Franc D'Ambrosio
Vito Corleone
Marlon Brando Robert De Niro
Tom Hagen
Robert Duvall
Sonny Corleone
James Caan
Peter Clemenza
Richard S. Castellano Bruno Kirby
Salvatore Tessio
Abe Vigoda John Aprea
Abe Vigoda
Carmela Corleone
Morgana King Morgana King
Francesca De Sapio
Carlo Rizzi
Gianni Russo
Sandra Corleone
Julie Gregg
Fabrizio
Angelo Infanti
Rocco Lampone
Tom Rosqui
Genco Abbandando
Franco Corsaro
(deleted scene) Frank Sivero
Willi Cicci
Joe Spinell
Apollonia Vitelli-Corleone
Simonetta Stefanelli Simonetta Stefanelli
(archive footage)
Johnny Fontane
Al Martino Al Martino
Calo
Franco Citti Franco Citti
Lucy Mancini
Jeannie Linero Jeannie Linero
Enzo Aguello
Gabrielle Torrei Gabrielle Torrei
Captain McCluskey
Sterling Hayden
Jack Woltz
John Marley
Emilio Barzini
Richard Conte
Virgil Sollozzo
Al Lettieri
Carmine Cuneo
Rudy Bond
Luca Brasi
Lenny Montana
Paulie Gatto
Johnny Martino
Amerigo Bonasera
Salvatore Corsitto
Moe Greene
Alex Rocco
Bruno Tattaglia
Tony Giorgio
Nazorine
Vito Scotti
Philip Tattaglia
Victor Rendina
Vitelli
Saro Urzi
Victor Stracci
Don Costello
Don Zaluchi
Louis Guss
Hyman Roth
Lee Strasberg
John Megna (young)
Frank Pentangeli
Michael V. Gazzo
Pat Geary
G. D. Spradlin
Fabrizio Fanucci
Gastone Moschin
Deanna Dunn-Corleone
Marianna Hill
Signor Roberto
Leopoldo Trieste
Johnny Ola
Dominic Chianese
Bussetta
Amerigo Tot
Merle Johnson
Troy Donahue
Vito's mother
Maria Carta
Francesco Ciccio
Giuseppe Sillato
Marcia Roth
Fay Spain
FBI Man
Harry Dean Stanton
Carmine Rosato
Carmine Caridi
Tony Rosato
Danny Aiello
Vincenzo Pentangeli
Salvatore Po
Mosca
Ignazio Pappalardo
Strollo
Andrea Maugeri
Vincent Corleone
Andy García
Osvaldo Altobello
Eli Wallach
Joey Zasa
Joe Mantegna
B J Harrison
George Hamilton
Grace Hamilton
Bridget Fonda
Mary Corleone
Sofia Coppola
Cardinal Lamberto
Raf Vallone
Archbishop Gilday
Donal Donnelly
Frederick Keinszig
Helmut Berger
Dominic Abbandando
Don Novello
Andrew Hagen
John Savage
Mosca
Mario Donatone
Licio Lucchesi
Enzo Robutti
Spara
Michele Russo
Lou Pennino
Robert Cicchini
Armand
Rogerio Miranda
Francesco
Carlos Miranda
Anthony Squigliaro
Vito Antuofermo
Albert Volpe
Carmine Caridi
Frank Romano
Don Costello
Leo Cuneo
Al Ruscio
Matty Parisi
Mickey Knox
Reception[edit]
Box office performance[edit]
Film
Release date
Revenue
Rank
Budget
Reference
North America
Other territories
Worldwide
All time
North America
All time
worldwide
The Godfather March 15, 1972 $134,966,411 $110,100,000 $245,066,411 #310
#23(A) #398 $6,500,000 [15]
The Godfather Part II December 20, 1974 $57,300,000 $135,700,000 $193,000,000 #1,416 - $13,000,000 [16]
The Godfather Part III December 25, 1990 $66,666,062 $70,100,000 $136,766,062 #947 - $54,000,000 [17]
Total
$7008258932473000000♠258932473
$7008315900000000000♠315900000
$7008574832473000000♠574832473
-
-
$73,500,000
[18]
List indicator(s)
(A) indicates the adjusted totals based on current ticket prices (calculated by Box Office Mojo).
Critical response[edit]
On Rotten Tomatoes, the films received 99%, 97%, and 67% scores respectively. Metacritic, based on its ratings for each film (100%, 80%, 60%), lists the series as receiving "Generally Favorable Reviews" with its 80% average.[citation needed]
The films appear in many "Top 10" film lists, such as the Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association's Top 10 Films, IMDb top 250, Time magazine's All-Time 100 Movies, and James Berardinelli's Top 100.[19]
Film
Rotten Tomatoes
Metacritic
CinemaScore
The Godfather 98% (9.3/10 average rating) (88 reviews)[20] 100 (15 reviews)[21]
The Godfather Part II 97% (9.6/10 average rating) (72 reviews)[22] 90 (18 reviews)[23]
The Godfather Part III 67% (6.4/10 average rating) (58 reviews)[24] 60 (19 reviews)[25] B+[26]
Accolades[edit]
The three films together were nominated for a total of 29 Academy Awards, of which they won nine. For the Best Supporting Actor award, both The Godfather and The Godfather Part II had three actors nominated for the award, which is a rare feat. Both The Godfather and The Godfather Part II won the award for Best Picture in their respective years. The Godfather Part II won the most Academy Awards with six to its credit. The Godfather Part III was nominated for seven Oscars, but won none.
The Godfather — Nominations: 10, Wins: 3
The Godfather Part II — Nominations: 11, Wins: 6
The Godfather Part III — Nominations: 7, Wins: 0
The Godfather film series at the Academy Awards[27][28][29]
Award
Awards won
The Godfather
The Godfather Part II
The Godfather Part III
Picture Won Won Nominated
Director Nominated Won Nominated
Actor Won Nominated
Supporting Actor Nominated[a] Won[b] Nominated
Supporting Actress Nominated
Adapted Screenplay Won Won
Art Direction Won Nominated
Cinematography Nominated
Costume Design Nominated Nominated
Film Editing Nominated Nominated
Original Dramatic Score Won
Original Song Nominated
Sound Mixing Nominated
Jump up ^ Received three nominations in this category.
Jump up ^ Received three nominations in this category, winning one.
Video games[edit]
Three video games have been released to supplement the film series. The releases include: The Godfather, The Godfather: The Game and The Godfather II.
Notes[edit]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/entertainment/articles/2011-03/15/gq-film-godfather-part-four/mario-puzo Archived March 8, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Morris, Andy. "The Godfather Part IV".
Jump up ^ Wilson, Craig (6 May 2012). "Prequel lays out life before 'The Godfather'". USA Today. Archived from the original on 5 February 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
Jump up ^ Schulder, Michael (4 September 2012). "CNN Profiles: Ed Falco's prequel to 'The Godfather'". CNN Radio. Retrieved 2 October 2012.
Jump up ^ Patten, Dominic (21 December 2012). "Paramount & Puzo Estate Settle 'Godfather' Suit".
Jump up ^ "Long-Lost 'The Godfather' Prequel Revived". 5 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Rosen, Christopher (15 January 2011). "The Godfather Part IV Isn't Happening, Says Talia Shire".
Jump up ^ "DiCaprio and Garcia set to star in The Godfather part IV". 22 June 1999 – via The Guardian.
Jump up ^ https://www.phactual.com/17-facts-about-the-godfather-part-iii-you-may-not-have-known/
Jump up ^ "Andy Garcia: "'Godfather Part 4' is in Francis' hands" - ShowBizCafe.com". 1 May 2012.
Jump up ^ Malta, J. Geoff (2006). The Godfather 1902–1959: The Complete Epic.
Jump up ^ "The Godfather (1972)- Cast & Crew". Yahoo! Movies. Retrieved 20 November 2006.
Jump up ^ "The Godfather, Part II (1974)- Cast & Crew". Yahoo! Movies. Retrieved 20 November 2006.
Jump up ^ "The Godfather, Part III (1990)- Cast & Crew". Yahoo! Movies. Retrieved 20 November 2006.
Jump up ^ "The Godfather (1972)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Box office / business for The Godfather: Part II". IMDB. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "The Godfather Part III (1990)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved July 19, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Godfather at the Box Office". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
Jump up ^ James Berardinelli. "Berardinelli's All-Time Top 100". Reelviews. Retrieved 16 March 2007.
Jump up ^ "The Godfather". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Godfather". Metacritic. CNET Networks. Retrieved June 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Godfather II". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Godfather II". Metacritic. CNET Networks. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Godfather III". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved June 8, 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Godfather III". Metacritic. CNET Networks. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Cinemascore". CinemaScore. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ "1972 Academy Awards® Winners and History". AMC Filmsite. American Movie Classics Company LLC. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
Jump up ^ "1974 Academy Awards® Winners and History". AMC Filmsite. American Movie Classics Company LLC. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
Jump up ^ "1990 Academy Awards® Winners and History". AMC Filmsite. American Movie Classics Company LLC. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
Further reading[edit]
AMC TV (2010-11-25). "Ten Things You Didn't Know About the Godfather Trilogy". Free Republic.
Browne, Nick (2000). Francis Ford Coppola's The Godfather Trilogy. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-55950-8.
Messenger, Chris (2012). The Godfather and American Culture: How the Corleones Became "Our Gang". SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-8870-6.
Santopietro, Tom (2012). The Godfather Effect: Changing Hollywood, America, and Me. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-1-4299-5262-0.
Sciannameo, Franco (2010). Nino Rota's The Godfather Trilogy: A Film Score Guide. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7711-5.
show
v
t
e
The Godfather
Novels
The Godfather
The Sicilian
The Godfather Returns
The Godfather's Revenge
The Family Corleone
Films
The Godfather
The Godfather Part II
The Godfather Part III
Video games
The Godfather (1991)
The Godfather (2006)
The Godfather II (2009)
Corleone family
Vito Corleone
Michael Corleone
Tom Hagen
Sonny Corleone
Fredo Corleone
Carmela Corleone
Kay Adams-Corleone
Connie Corleone
Anthony Corleone
Mary Corleone
Vincent Corleone
Sandra Corleone
Family allies
Luca Brasi
Peter Clemenza
Al Neri
Frank Pentangeli
Salvatore Tessio
Family enemies
Don Altobello
Emilio Barzini
Don Fanucci
Moe Greene
Carlo Rizzi
Hyman Roth
Joey Zasa
Others
Amerigo Bonasera
Cardinal Lamberto
Lucy Mancini
Danny Shea
Mickey Shea
Billy Van Arsdale
Aldo Trapani
Albert Volpe
Music
The Godfather (soundtrack)
The Godfather Part II (soundtrack)
The Godfather Part III (soundtrack)
"Speak Softly, Love"
"Promise Me You'll Remember"
Miscellaneous
List of minor characters in The Godfather series
Mario Puzo
Mark Winegardner
Edward Falco
Five Families
Corleone
The Godfather Effect
The Godfather Papers and Other Confessions
The Godfather Saga
The Last Don
Omertà
The Sicilian
Book
Category
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Godfather_(film_series)&oldid=853977670"
Categories:
Film series
The Godfather films
Films adapted into video games
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from January 2016
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
বাংলা
Español
Français
Italiano
Lietuvių
日本語
Português
Simple English
Suomi
3 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 8 August 2018, at 04:09 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

value: th

attrs: colspan class style

value: tr

attrs: colspan style

attrs: scope style

values:
/wiki/Italian_American
mw-redirect
Italian American

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values: Edit section: Compilations for video and television

values:
/wiki/Genco_Abbandando
mw-redirect
Genco Abbandando

values:
/wiki/Johnny_Martino
mw-redirect
Johnny Martino

values:
/wiki/Tony_Giorgio_(actor)
mw-redirect
Tony Giorgio (actor)

values: wikitable collapsible mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible

values: text-align: center; width:100%; clear: both;

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2016)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values: Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association: Top 10 Films

values:
/wiki/IMDb_top_250
mw-redirect
IMDb top 250

values: background: #99FF99; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;

values: background: #FDD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;

values: Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress

values: Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay

values: Academy Award for Best Production Design

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: lower-alpha;

values:
nofollow
https://www.cinemascore.com/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.filmsite.org/aa72.html

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.filmsite.org/aa74.html

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.filmsite.org/aa90.html

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
/wiki/Aldo_Trapani
mw-redirect
Aldo Trapani

values: Promise Me You'll Remember (Love Theme from The Godfather Part III)

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2016

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/The_Godfather_(film_series)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: ثلاثية العراب – Arabic

values: দ্য গডফাদার (চলচ্চিত্র ধারাবাহিক) – Bangla

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

values: ゴッドファーザー – Japanese

values: The Godfather (série de filmes) – Portuguese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-The_Godfather_film_series rootpage-The_Godfather_film_series skin-vector action-view