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Love, Simon
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Love, Simon
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Greg Berlanti
Produced by
Marty Bowen
Wyck Godfrey
Isaac Klausner
Pouya Shahbazian
Screenplay by
Isaac Aptaker
Elizabeth Berger
Based on
Simon vs. the Homo Sapiens Agenda
by Becky Albertalli
Starring
Nick Robinson
Josh Duhamel
Jennifer Garner
Music by
Rob Simonsen
Cinematography
John Guleserian
Edited by
Harry Jierjian
Production
company
Fox 2000 Pictures
Temple Hill Productions
TSG Entertainment
Distributed by
20th Century Fox
Release date
February 27, 2018 (2018-02-27) (Mardi Gras Film Festival)
March 16, 2018 (2018-03-16) (United States)
Running time
110 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$10–17 million[2][3]
Box office
$66.3 million[4]
Love, Simon is a 2018 American romantic teen comedy-drama film directed by Greg Berlanti, written by Isaac Aptaker and Elizabeth Berger, and based on the novel Simon vs. the Homo Sapiens Agenda by Becky Albertalli. The film stars Nick Robinson, Josh Duhamel, and Jennifer Garner. It centers on Simon Spier, a closeted gay high school boy who is forced to balance his friends, his family, and the blackmailer threatening to out him to the entire school, while simultaneously attempting to discover the identity of the anonymous classmate with whom he has fallen in love online.
Love, Simon premiered at the Mardi Gras Film Festival on February 27, 2018, and was released in the United States on March 16, 2018, by 20th Century Fox. Critics praised the film for its "big heart, diverse and talented cast, and revolutionary normalcy", describing it as "tender, sweet, and affecting" and a "hugely charming crowd-pleaser" that is "funny, warm-hearted and life-affirming", with reviews comparing it to the romantic comedy-drama films of John Hughes. Notable as the first film by a major Hollywood studio to focus on a gay teenage romance, it has grossed $66.2 million worldwide.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Soundtrack
4.1 Charts
5 Release
5.1 Home video
6 Reception
6.1 Box office
6.2 Critical response
6.3 Accolades
7 Possible sequel
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
Simon Spier is a closeted gay high school boy living in a suburb of Atlanta, Georgia. He has a close and loving family: parents Emily and Jack, and sister Nora, as well as three best friends: Nick and Leah, whom he has known most of his life, and newcomer Abby.
One day, Leah informs Simon about an online confession of a closeted gay student at their high school, known only by the pseudonym "Blue". Simon begins communicating with Blue via email using the pseudonym "Jacques". The two confide personal details and form a connection. However, their emails are accidentally discovered by another student, Martin, who is infatuated with Abby. After learning his secret, Martin blackmails Simon by threatening to make his emails public unless he agrees to help Martin win over Abby. Simon begins to suspect that his classmate Bram is Blue.
At a Halloween party, Simon attempts to connect with Bram but later walks in on him making out with a female student. Simon lies to Nick, telling him that Abby has a boyfriend in college. Leah walks an inebriated Simon home, where she speaks vaguely about how she feels that she is fated to love one person very intensely; Simon believes she is referring to Nick.
Simon meets up with Abby and Martin at a local diner after he convinces them to practice lines together for an upcoming musical. Simon bonds with their server, a classmate named Lyle, and believes that Lyle may be Blue. That night, Simon comes out to Abby and is relieved when she reacts positively.
At a school football game, Simon crosses paths with Lyle; before he can summon the courage to ask if Lyle is Blue, he finds out Lyle is interested in Abby. An upset Simon tells a pestering Martin to either "go big or go home" when courting Abby. Martin interrupts the national anthem and publicly declares his feelings for Abby. When Abby admits she does not share his feelings, Martin is humiliated and becomes the subject of intense ridicule.
On Christmas Eve, to distract people from his own humiliation, Martin outs Simon by posting his emails on the school gossip site. Simon's sister Nora tries to comfort Simon but he shuts her out and does not return his friends' frantic texts and calls. Simon comes out to his parents on Christmas morning, to their surprise but acceptance.
After the holidays, Nick and Abby, now a couple, angrily confront Simon about the lies he told and learn that he had tried to keep them apart due to Martin's blackmail. Leah confesses to Simon that she was in love with him, not Nick, and is upset he came out to Abby first. After being rejected by his friends, Simon receives a final email from Blue, who is upset that their emails have been leaked. Blue tells Simon that they should stop speaking and deletes his email account. Simon is devastated, having lost his friends as well as the mystery pen-pal he has fallen in love with.
In the cafeteria, Simon and an openly gay student, Ethan, are mocked by two classmates. Ethan and Simon bond over the difficulties they have faced coming out. After his parents reach out and comfort him, Simon apologizes to Leah. Simon posts a confession on the gossip site apologizing to his friends, seeking out Blue and asking him to meet at the school carnival.
After the school musical, Leah, Nick and Abby make amends with Simon and invite him to go to the carnival with them. Waiting for Blue at the carnival, Simon rides the Ferris wheel, drawing a large crowd of peers. When Simon runs out of tickets, Martin, making amends for his behavior, buys him one more ride. Just before the ride begins, Bram sits next to Simon, revealing himself as Blue; the kiss Simon saw with the female student was a drunken misunderstanding. They ride the Ferris wheel together and kiss as their friends cheer them on.
Simon's life gradually returns to normal and he begins a relationship with Bram. While picking up his friends and boyfriend for school, Simon suggests that they forgo their usual morning routine and instead "go on a little adventure".
Cast[edit]
Nick Robinson as Simon Spier
Bryson Pitts as 10-year-old Simon Spier
Nye Reynolds as 5-year-old Simon Spier
Josh Duhamel as Jack Spier, Simon's father
Jennifer Garner as Emily Spier, Simon's mother
Katherine Langford as Leah Burke, one of Simon's best friends
Alexandra Shipp as Abby Suso, one of Simon's best friends
Jorge Lendeborg Jr. as Nick Eisner, one of Simon's best friends
Keiynan Lonsdale as Abraham "Bram" Greenfeld, one of Simon's classmates
Miles Heizer as Cal Price, one of Simon's classmates
Logan Miller as Martin Addison, one of Simon's classmates who blackmails him
Tony Hale as Mr. Worth, the awkward vice principal of the school Simon attends
Talitha Bateman as Nora Spier, Simon's sister
Skye Mowbray as 6-year-old Nora Spier
Natasha Rothwell as Ms. Albright, Simon's drama teacher
Drew Starkey as Garrett Laughlin, one of Simon's classmates
Clark Moore as Ethan, one of Simon's classmates who is openly gay
Joey Pollari as Lyle, a flirty server at a local diner
Mackenzie Lintz as Taylor Metternich, one of Simon's classmates
Becky Albertalli, the author of the source novel, and YouTuber Doug Armstrong also make cameo appearances as students.[5]
Production[edit]
Principal photography began on March 6, 2017, in Atlanta, Georgia.[6] Filming officially ended on April 23, 2017, two days earlier than scheduled, an effort that Berlanti made to offset the cost of paying royalties for the most expensive songs on the film's soundtrack.[7][8]
Soundtrack[edit]
Love, Simon (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
Soundtrack album by Various artists
Released
March 16, 2018
Genre
Soundtrack
indie pop
Length
47:24
Label
RCA
Sony
Singles from Love, Simon (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
"Alfie's Song (Not So Typical Love Song)"
Released: 16 January 2018
"Love Lies"
Released: 14 February 2018
The soundtrack of the film includes music by Bleachers, Troye Sivan, Amy Shark, Brenton Wood, The 1975, Normani and Khalid, among others. The first track released from the soundtrack was "Alfie's Song (Not So Typical Love Song)" by Bleachers.[9][10]
Love, Simon (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)[10]
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Performed by
Length
1. "Alfie's Song (Not So Typical Love Song)"
Jack Antonoff
Ilsey Juber
Harry Styles
Bleachers 3:01
2. "Rollercoaster"
Antonoff
John Hill
Bleachers 3:12
3. "Never Fall in Love"
Antonoff
Karen Marie Ørsted
Jack Antonoff and MØ
4. "Strawberries & Cigarettes"
Troye Sivan
Antonoff
Alex Hope
Troye Sivan 3:21
5. "Sink In"
Ben Berger
Julia Michaels
Ryan McMahon
Amy Shark 4:35
6. "Love Lies"
Khalid Robinson
Normani Kordei Hamilton
Charlie Handsome
Jamil "Digi" Chammas
Taylor Parks
Khalid and Normani 3:23
7. "The Oogum Boogum Song"
Alfred Smith
Brenton Wood 3:07
8. "Love Me"
Adam Hann
George Daniel
Matthew Healy
Ross MacDonald
The 1975 3:42
9. "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)"
George Merrill
Shannon Rubicam
Whitney Houston 4:50
10. "Someday at Christmas"
Ron Miller
Bryan Wells
Jackson 5 2:44
11. "Wings"
Nini Fabi
Benjamin Gebert
Haerts 4:58
12. "Keeping a Secret"
Antonoff
Justin Tranter
Bleachers 3:25
13. "Wild Heart"
Antonoff
Hill
Bleachers 3:21
Other songs that appear in the film but are not included on its soundtrack include "Waterloo Sunset" by The Kinks, "Diamond" by MONAKR, "Nobody Speak" by DJ Shadow & Run the Jewels, "Feel It Still" by Portugal. The Man, "No" by Meghan Trainor, “Out the Speakers” by A-Trak, Milo and Otis feat. Rich Kidz, "As Long as You Love Me" by Justin Bieber, "Add It Up" by Violent Femmes, "Bad Romance" by Lady Gaga (performed by the Michigan Marching Band), "Shine a Light" by BANNERS, and "Heaven" by Warrant.
Charts[edit]
Chart (2018)
Peak
position
Australian Albums (ARIA)[11]
82
Canadian Albums (Billboard)[12]
24
UK Soundtrack Albums (OCC)[13]
11
US Billboard 200[14]
37
Release[edit]
Love, Simon premiered at the Mardi Gras Film Festival on February 27, 2018, and also screened at the Glasgow Film Festival and the Melbourne Queer Film Festival.[15][16] The film was released by 20th Century Fox in the United States and Canada on March 16, 2018, and has been or is scheduled to be released in other countries on various dates throughout 2018.[17]
Following the film's release, several celebrities — including Jennifer Garner, Kristen Bell, Neil Patrick Harris, Joey Graceffa, Matt Bomer, Robbie Rogers, Benj Pasek, Tyler Oakley, Martin Gero, Andrew Rannells, and Jesse Tyler Ferguson — bought out theaters and offered free screenings of the film because they believed it conveyed an important message.[18]
Love, Simon is notable as the first film by a major Hollywood studio to focus on a gay teenage romance.[19][20]
Home video[edit]
The film became available to pre-order on home video on January 17, 2018, was released digitally on May 29, 2018, and was released on 4K Blu-Ray, Blu-ray and DVD on June 12, 2018.[21][22]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
Love, Simon has grossed $40.8 million in the United States and Canada, and $25.4 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $66.2 million, against a production budget of $10–17 million.[2][4] It is the 14th highest-grossing teen romance film since 1980, and the third-highest by 20th Century Fox other than The Fault in Our Stars and Romeo + Juliet.[23]
Love, Simon held early preview screenings on March 10 before its official release on March 16, where it grossed $800,000 from 927 theaters, which Deadline Hollywood considered "strong".[24] In the United States and Canada, the film was released alongside Tomb Raider and I Can Only Imagine, and was projected to gross $10–12 million from 2,401 theaters in its opening weekend.[25] The film made $4.6 million on its first day (including $850,000 from Thursday previews at 2,125 theaters).[26] The film went on to debut at $11.8 million, finishing fifth at the box office; 58% of its opening weekend audience was female and 59% was under 25.[2] In its second weekend the film dropped 33% to $7.8 million, finishing 7th,[27] and in its third weekend made $4.8 million, finishing ninth.[28]
In the United Kingdom, the film debuted fourth at the box office, earning $1.6 million.[29] In Australia, the film debuted fourth at the box office, earning $916,697.[30] In Brazil, the film debuted fourth at the box office, earning $804,567.[31] In Mexico, the film debuted third at the box office, earning $982,391.[32]
Critical response[edit]
On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 92% based on 181 reviews, with an average rating of 7.4/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Love, Simon hits its coming-of-age beats more deftly than many entries in this well-traveled genre – and represents an overdue, if not entirely successful, milestone of inclusion."[33] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 72 out of 100, based on 38 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[34] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A+" on an A+ to F scale, one of fewer than 80 films in the history of the service to earn such a score.[26]
Benjamin Lee of The Guardian gave the film 4/5 stars, calling it a "hugely charming crowd-pleaser".[35] Pete Hammond of Deadline Hollywood gave the film 4/5 stars, stating that audiences "are guaranteed to fall in love with this sweet, funny coming-of-age film".[36]
Molly Freeman of Screen Rant gave the film 4/5 stars or an Excellent rating, stating that "Love, Simon is a funny, heartfelt, and truly touching teen romantic comedy that instantly becomes a modern classic for today's generation."[37] Josh Winning of GamesRadar+ gave the film 4/5 stars, describing it as a "warm, sensitive and engaging coming-out-of-ager" and "one of the freshest teen-coms in ages".[38]
Meredith Goldstein of The Boston Globe gave the film 3.5/4 stars and stated, "Love, Simon is a sweet, modern romantic comedy that manages to channel the teen movie classics of the late John Hughes, but only the good stuff."[39] Colin Covert of the Star Tribune gave the film 3/4 stars and wrote, "If John Hughes had gone on to make a smart LGBT coming-of-age charmer, most likely it would resemble this."[40]
Bruce Demara of the Toronto Star also gave it 3/4 stars, stating "The casting is high quality, the script – with a tantalizing mystery at its heart – is particularly well-crafted and the story hits all the right emotional notes in delivering a funny, warm-hearted and life-affirming tale."[41] Brian Truitt of USA Today gave the film 3.5/4 stars and wrote, "Young and old, jocks and nerds, geeks and freaks, and everyone in between should be able to find something to adore in Love, Simon."[42]
Joyce Slaton of Common Sense Media gave the film 4/5 stars and described it as "tender, sweet, and affecting", with the film also receiving The Common Sense Seal, which recognizes movies that offer families an exceptional media experience.[43][44] MJ Franklin of Mashable wrote that "Love, Simon feels like an instant classic that you're going to want to watch again and again."[45]
Max Weiss of Baltimore gave Love, Simon 3/4 stars, calling it a "sweet, funny, warm-hearted film".[46] Kevin Scott of Exclaim! gave the film a 7 out of 10 score, noting that the film has the "expected amount of sentimentality that effectively tugs at the heartstrings".[47]
Peter Debruge of Variety, while stating that the film is average in execution, praised the content as "groundbreaking on so many levels, not least of which is just how otherwise familiar it all seems".[48] Jesse Hassenger of The A.V. Club gave the film a C+ and wrote that the film "is touching as a gesture", but as entertainment "it's nothing Degrassi hasn't done better".[49]
Becky Albertalli, the author of the book, watched an early cut and praised the film, stating: "It's funny and relevant and timeless and charming and honest and painful and so romantic. It says exactly what I wanted the book to say."[50][51]
Accolades[edit]
Award
Date
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Ref.
Golden Trailer Awards
May 31, 2018 Best Billboard "Love, Simon LA billboard" (Works Adv) Nominated [52]
[53]
Best Romance Trailer "Courage" (Transit) Nominated
Best Romance TV Spot "Digital Heart" (Aspect) Nominated
Best Teaser Campaign "Love, Simon Love Letter Wildposts" (Works Adv) Won
Human Rights Campaign
May 12, 2018 Ally for Equality Award Nick Robinson Won [54]
Los Angeles Online Film Critics Society Mid-Season Film Awards
July 3, 2018 Best Actor Nick Robinson Nominated [55]
[56]
Best Adapted Screenplay Isaac Aptaker and Elizabeth Berger Nominated
Maui Film Festival
June 14, 2018 Rising Star Award Nick Robinson Won [57]
MTV Movie & TV Awards
June 18, 2018 Best Kiss Nick Robinson and Keiynan Lonsdale Won [58]
Best Musical Moment Love, Simon Nominated
Teen Choice Awards
August 12, 2018 Choice Breakout Movie Star Nick Robinson Won [59]
[60]
Choice Movie – Comedy Love, Simon Won
Choice Movie Ship Nick Robinson and Keiynan Lonsdale Nominated
Choice Music - R&B/Hip-Hop Song "Love Lies" – Khalid & Normani Won
Possible sequel[edit]
While the book has a sequel called Leah on the Offbeat, which features Leah as the protagonist, there are currently no official plans about a sequel to the movie. Although Berlanti indicated that, after seeing the film's success, he would not necessarily be opposed to directing a sequel, stating "God willing that the movie is successful enough that people actually ask for something like that. I loved working with these people on this film so much. I would just like to spend more time with them, that would be good!"[61] When asked about a sequel, Katherine Langford said "I mean, it's always a discussion of who would make it, but if the script was good and the filmmaker had a great vision, then I would be totally down. I'm always down to tell a good story."[62]
References[edit]
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^ Jump up to: a b c D'Alessandro, Anthony (March 18, 2018). "'Black Panther' Keeps B.O. Treasure From 'Tomb Raider'; How 'I Can Only Imagine' Hit A $17M High Note". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
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^ Jump up to: a b "Love, Simon (2018)". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
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Jump up ^ Shipp, Alexandra [@AlexShipppp] (March 24, 2017). "That's a beautiful wrap on #simonvthehomosapiensagenda such a pleasure working with people I looooooove and respect" (Tweet). Retrieved April 23, 2017 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ LeDonne, Rob (March 16, 2018). "'Love, Simon' Music, From Deep Cuts to Surprise Global Hits". Billboard. Billboard Music. Retrieved April 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ Rice, Nicholas (January 16, 2018). "Bleachers Release 'Alfie's Song (Not So Typical Love Song)' From 'Love, Simon' Soundtrack: Listen". Billboard. Billboard Music. Retrieved April 6, 2018.
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Jump up ^ Stack, Tim. "'Love, Simon': Your first look at 2018's major studio gay teen romance". Entertainment Weekly. Time. Retrieved March 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ Lang, Brent (March 9, 2018). "'Love, Simon' Stars Say Gay Teen Romance Will Save Lives". Variety. Penske Business Media. Retrieved March 11, 2018.
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Jump up ^ Albertalli, Becky [@beckyalbertalli] (August 31, 2017). "But I do know that you guys are going to lose your shit over this one. It is so special. It says exactly what I wanted the book to say" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
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Jump up ^ Daw, Stephen (April 3, 2018). "Love, Simon Director Greg Berlanti Talks Deleted Gay Bar Scene & Teases Potential Sequel". Billboard. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
Jump up ^ Zuckerman, Esther (March 15, 2018). "Katherine Langford Relates to the Insecurity of Love, Simon's Leah and Considers the Potential for Her Own Spinoff Sequel". W. Retrieved July 3, 2018.
External links[edit]
Official website
Love, Simon on IMDb
Love, Simon at AllMovie
show
v
t
e
Greg Berlanti
Films
Directed
The Broken Hearts Club: A Romantic Comedy
Life as We Know It
Love, Simon
Written only
Green Lantern
Wrath of the Titans
Television series created
Everwood
Jack & Bobby
Eli Stone
No Ordinary Family
Political Animals
Arrow
The Tomorrow People
The Flash
Supergirl
Legends of Tomorrow
Titans
show
v
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e
Works by Becky Albertalli
Novels
Simon vs. the Homo Sapiens Agenda (2015)
The Upside of Unrequited (2017)
Leah on the Offbeat (2018)
What If It's Us (2018)
Adaptations
Love, Simon (2018)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
GND: 1145176739
VIAF: 4122152200827514400007
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Love,_Simon&oldid=857030206"
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Beyond the Law (1992 film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Beyond the Law
Genre
Crime
Drama
Thriller
Written by
Larry Ferguson
Directed by
Larry Ferguson
Starring
Charlie Sheen
Linda Fiorentino
Michael Madsen
Courtney B. Vance
Leon Rippy
Music by
John D'Andrea
Cory Lerios
Original language(s)
English
Production
Executive producer(s)
Richard N. Gladstein
Ronna B. Wallace
Joseph M. Caracciolo Jr. (co-executive producer)
Producer(s)
John Fiedler
Mark Tarlov
Production location(s)
El Mirage Dry Lake, California
Phoenix, Arizona
New River, Arizona
Scottsdale, Arizona
Cinematography
Robert M. Stevens
Editor(s)
Don Brochu
Robert C. Jones
Running time
108 minutes
Production company(s)
Capitol Films
Polar Entertainment Corporation
Distributor
HBO
Budget
$18,000,000 (estimated)
Release
Original network
HBO
Original release
April 22, 1993
Beyond the Law is a 1992 TV film written and directed by Larry Ferguson. It tells the story of Dan Saxon, an undercover cop who infiltrates a group of criminal outlaw bikers behind a drug-smuggling and arms-dealing operation.[1] In order to maintain their trust, he must commit ever more dangerous and heinous crimes and must question how far he can go beyond the law. The film stars Charlie Sheen, Linda Fiorentino, and Michael Madsen.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Background
4 References
5 External links
Plot[edit]
Based on a true story,[2] the film centers on Dan Saxon, a cop with a troubled childhood. He is enlisted by Conroy Price, an agent in Arizona's State Attorney General's office, to go undercover to bust the illegal drugs and arms trafficking. Saxon is unsuccessful until he meets and befriends Virgil, a mechanic who introduces him to the seedy world of criminal bikers.
Virgil tutors Saxon on bikes and customs of the "outlaw motorcycle brotherhood." After many lessons and a major change in appearance Saxon develops an alter ego named Sid and ends up infiltrating the Jackals and earning the trust of Blood, their president. At the same time, he begins a relationship with a photojournalist, Renee Jason, who is aware of his dual life.
As Saxon falls deeper into this world of crime, he becomes more unbalanced. After a violent situation that led to the murder of a 20-year-old convenience store attendant, Saxon is brought back to earth. Saxon's Identity is revealed, by Price, to the local, state, and federal law enforcement, much to their praise for Saxon's undercover skills. Concluding the undercover operation, over 200 arrests are made including Blood. The end of the film shows Saxon walking into the desert. It is revealed in the narrated epilogue that Saxon and Renee are living in California, and Blood is serving 3 consecutive life sentences.
Cast[edit]
Charlie Sheen – Daniel "Dan" Saxon (AKA Sid)
Linda Fiorentino – Renee Jason
Michael Madsen – "Blood"
Courtney B. Vance – Conroy Price
Leon Rippy – Virgil (aka Dildo)
Rip Torn – Deputy Prescott
Dennis Burkley – Oatmeal
Michael Waltman – Jailer
Background[edit]
Larry Ferguson wrote the screenplay after reading the article "Undercover Angel" by Lawrence Linderman in the July, 1981 issue of Playboy on an undercover agent named Dan Black.[2] Black served as a technical advisor on the film and appeared as an extra in the movie.[2]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Smoron, Paige (July 11, 1997), "Camera Obscura", Chicago Sun-Times
^ Jump up to: a b c Larry Ferguson (Writer-Director) (1992). Beyond the Law (DVD (Insert & Special Features)). Artisan.
External links[edit]
Beyond the Law on IMDb
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beyond_the_Law_(1992_film)&oldid=809085797"
Categories:
1992 television films
1990s crime films
Crime films based on actual events
HBO Films films
American films
Crime television films
Films based on newspaper and magazine articles
Films directed by Larry Ferguson
Screenplays by Larry Ferguson
Outlaw biker films
Directorial debut films
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Aconcagua
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other uses, see Aconcagua (disambiguation).
Aconcagua
Aconcagua from the south
Highest point
Elevation
6,960.8 m (22,837 ft) [1]
Prominence
6,960.8 m (22,837 ft) [1]
Ranked 2nd
Isolation
16,518 kilometres (10,264 mi)
Listing
Seven Summits
Country high point
Ultra
Coordinates
32°39′12.35″S 70°00′39.9″W / 32.6534306°S 70.011083°W / -32.6534306; -70.011083Coordinates: 32°39′12.35″S 70°00′39.9″W / 32.6534306°S 70.011083°W / -32.6534306; -70.011083
Naming
Pronunciation
Spanish: [akoŋˈkaɣwa]
/ˌækənˈkɑːɡwə/ or /ˌɑːkənˈkɑːɡwə/
Geography
Aconcagua
Argentina
Location
Mendoza, Argentina
Parent range
Andes
Climbing
First ascent
1897 by
Matthias Zurbriggen (first recorded ascent)[2]
Easiest route
Scramble (North)
Aconcagua (Spanish pronunciation: [akoŋˈkaɣwa]) is the highest mountain outside Asia, at 6,960.8 metres (22,837 ft), and the highest point in the Southern Hemisphere.[1] It is located in the Andes mountain range, in the Mendoza Province, Argentina, and lies 112 kilometres (70 mi) northwest of its capital, the city of Mendoza, about five kilometres from San Juan Province and 15 kilometres from the international border with Chile. The mountain itself lies entirely within Argentina, immediately east of Argentina's border with Chile.[3] Its nearest higher neighbor is Tirich Mir in the Hindu Kush, 16,520 kilometres (10,270 mi) away. It is one of the Seven Summits.
Aconcagua is bounded by the Valle de las Vacas to the north and east and the Valle de los Horcones Inferior to the west and south. The mountain and its surroundings are part of the Aconcagua Provincial Park. The mountain has a number of glaciers. The largest glacier is the Ventisquero Horcones Inferior at about 10 kilometres long, which descends from the south face to about 3600 metres in altitude near the Confluencia camp.[4] Two other large glacier systems are the Ventisquero de las Vacas Sur and Glaciar Este/Ventisquero Relinchos system at about 5 kilometres long. The most well-known is the north-eastern or Polish Glacier, as it is a common route of ascent.
Contents
[hide]
1 Origin of the name
2 Geologic history
3 Climbing
4 Camps
4.1 History
5 In popular culture
6 Dangers
7 See also
8 Notes
9 Bibliography
10 External links
Origin of the name[edit]
The origin of the name is contested; it is either from the Mapudungun Aconca-Hue, which refers to the Aconcagua River and means "comes from the other side",[3] the Quechua Ackon Cahuak, meaning "'Sentinel of Stone",[5] the Quechua Anco Cahuac, meaning "White Sentinel",[2] or the Aymara Janq'u Q'awa, meaning "White Ravine".[6]
Geologic history[edit]
See also: Andean Orogeny
The mountain was created by the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South American Plate. Aconcagua used to be an active stratovolcano (from the Late Cretaceous or Early Paleocene through the Miocene) and consisted of several volcanic complexes on the edge of a basin with a shallow sea. However, sometime in the Miocene, about 8 to 10 million years ago, the subduction angle started to decrease resulting in a stop of the melting and more horizontal stresses between the oceanic plate and the continent, causing the thrust faults that lifted Aconcagua up off its volcanic root. The rocks found on Aconcagua’s flanks are all volcanic and consist of lavas, breccias and pyroclastics. The shallow marine basin had already formed earlier (Triassic), even before Aconcagua arose as a volcano. However, volcanism has been present in this region for as long as this basin was around and volcanic deposits interfinger with marine deposits throughout the sequence. The colorful greenish, blueish and grey deposits that can be seen in the Horcones Valley and south of Puente Del Inca, are carbonates, limestones, turbidites and evaporates that filled this basin. The red colored rocks are intrusions, cinder deposits and conglomerates of volcanic origin.[7]
Climbing[edit]
From park entrance
In mountaineering terms, Aconcagua is technically an easy mountain if approached from the north, via the normal route. Aconcagua is arguably the highest non-technical mountain in the world, since the northern route does not absolutely require ropes, axes, and pins. Although the effects of altitude are severe (atmospheric pressure is 40% of sea-level at the summit), the use of supplemental oxygen is not common. Altitude sickness will affect most climbers to some extent, depending on the degree of acclimatization.[8] Even if the normal climb is technically easy, multiple casualties occur every year on this mountain (in January 2009 alone five climbers died).[citation needed] This is due to the large numbers of climbers who make the attempt and because many climbers underestimate the objective risks of the elevation and of cold weather, which is the real challenge on this mountain. Given the weather conditions close to the summit, cold weather injuries are very common.
The Polish Glacier Traverse route, also known as the "Falso de los Polacos" route, crosses through the Vacas valley, ascends to the base of the Polish Glacier, then traverses across to the normal route for the final ascent to the summit. The third most popular route is by the Polish Glacier itself.
Provincial Park rangers do not maintain records of successful summits but estimates suggest a summit rate of 30-40%[citation needed]. About 75% of climbers are foreigners and 25% are Argentinean. Among foreigners, the United States leads in number of climbers, followed by Germany and the UK. About 54% of climbers ascend the Normal Route, 43% up the Polish Glacier Route, and the remaining 3% on other routes.[9]
South summit and ridge
The routes to the peak from the south and south-west ridges are more demanding and the south face climb is considered quite difficult.
Camps[edit]
The camp sites on the normal route are listed below (altitudes are approximate).
Puente del Inca, 2,740 metres (8,990 ft): A small village on the main road, with facilities including a lodge.
Confluencia, 3,380 metres (11,090 ft): A camp site a few hours into the national park.
Plaza de Mulas, 4,370 metres (14,340 ft): Base camp, claimed to be the second largest in the world (after Everest). There are several meal tents, showers and internet access. There is a lodge approx. 1 km from the main campsite across the glacier. At this camp, climbers are screened by a medical team to check if they are fit enough to continue the climb.
Camp Canadá, 5,050 metres (16,570 ft): A large ledge overlooking Plaza de Mulas.
Camp Alaska, 5,200 metres (17,060 ft): Called 'change of slope' in Spanish, a small site as the slope from Plaza de Mulas to Nido de Cóndores lessens. Not commonly used.
Nido de Cóndores, 5,570 metres (18,270 ft): A large plateau with beautiful views. There is usually a park ranger camped here.
Camp Berlín, 5,940 metres (19,490 ft): The classic high camp, offering reasonable wind protection.
Camp Colera, 6,000 metres (19,690 ft): A larger, while slightly more exposed, camp situated directly at the north ridge near Camp Berlín, with growing popularity. In January 2011, a shelter was opened in Camp Colera for exclusive use in cases of emergency.[10] The shelter is named Elena after Italian climber Elena Senin, who died in January 2009 shortly after reaching the summit, and whose family donated the shelter.[11]
Several sites possible for camping or bivouac, including Piedras Blancas (~6100 m) and Independencia (~6350 m), are located above Colera; however, they are seldom used and offer little protection.
Summit attempts are usually made from a high camp at either Berlín or Colera, or from the lower camp at Nido de Cóndores. All camps are used frequently, namely Plaza de Mulas and Nido de Cóndores.
Normal route to the summit
History[edit]
The first attempt to reach the summit of Aconcagua by a European was made in 1883 by a party led by the German geologist and explorer Paul Güssfeldt. Bribing porters with the story of treasure on the mountain, he approached the mountain via the Rio Volcan, making two attempts on the peak by the north-west ridge and reaching an altitude of 6,500 metres (21,300 ft). The route that he prospected is now the normal route up the mountain.
Matthias Zurbriggen reached the summit in 1897.
The first recorded[2] ascent was in 1897 by a European expedition led by the British mountaineer Edward FitzGerald. FitzGerald failed to reach the summit himself over eight attempts between December 1896 and February 1897, but the (Swiss) guide of the expedition, Matthias Zurbriggen reached the summit on January 14. On the final attempt a month later, two other expedition members, Stuart Vines and Nicola Lanti, reached the summit on February 13.[12]
The east side of Aconcagua was first scaled by a Polish expedition, with Konstanty Narkiewicz-Jodko, Stefan Daszyński, Wiktor Ostrowski and Stefan Osiecki summiting on March 9, 1934, over what is now known as the Polish Glacier. A route over the Southwest Ridge was pioneered over seven days in January 1953 by the Swiss-Argentine team of Frederico and Dorly Marmillod, Francisco Ibanez and Fernando Grajales. The famously difficult South Face was conquered by a French team led by René Ferlet (fr). Pierre Lesueur, Adrien Dagory, Robert Paragot, Edmond Denis, Lucien Berardini and Guy Poulet reached the summit after a month of effort on 25 February 1954.[13][14]
The youngest person to reach the summit of Aconcagua was Tyler Armstrong of California. He was nine years old when he reached the summit on December 24, 2013.[15] The oldest person to climb it was Scott Lewis, who reached the summit on November 26, 2007, when he was 87 years old.[16]
In the base camp Plaza de Mulas (at 4300 meters above sea level) there is the highest contemporary art gallery tent called "Nautilus" of the Argentine painter Miguel Doura.[17]
In 2014 Kilian Jornet set a record for climbing and descending Aconcagua from Horcones in 12 hours and 49 minutes.[18] The record was broken less than two months later by Ecuadorian-Swiss Karl Egloff, in a time of 11 hours 52 minutes, nearly an hour faster than Kilian Jornet.[19]
In popular culture[edit]
Pedro and Aconcagua
The mountain has a cameo in a 1942 Disney cartoon called Pedro.[20] The cartoon stars an anthropomorphic small airplane named Pedro who makes an air mail run over the Andes and has a near-disastrous encounter with Aconcagua, which is depicted in the film as an anthropomorphic menace.
Dangers[edit]
Aconcagua is the highest peak of Americas and is also considered an ‘easy’ high altitude peak, being nearly seven thousand metres.[21] And through that, Aconcagua is believed to have the highest death rate of any mountain in South America – around three a year – which has earned it the nickname, “Mountain of Death”. More than a hundred people have died on Aconcagua since records began.[22]
Due to the improper disposal of human waste in the mountain environment there are significant health hazards[21] that pose a threat to both animals and human beings.[23] Only boiled or chemically treated water is accepted for drinking. Additionally, Ecofriendly toilets are available only to members of an organised expedition, meaning climbers have to ‘be contracted to a toilet service’ at the base camp and similar camps along the route. Currently, from two base camps (Plaza de Mulas and Plaza Argentina), over 120 barrels of waste (approx. 22,500 kg) are flown out by helicopter each season.[24] In addition, individual mountaineers must make a payment before using these toilets. Some large organisers will give a price up to US$100, some smaller US$5/day or US$10 for the entire stay. Thus, many independent mountaineers defecate on the mountainside.[21]
See also[edit]
Aconcagua mummy
Ojos del Salado
Las Heras, Mendoza
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "Informe científico que estudia el Aconcagua: el Coloso de América mide 6.960,8 metros" [Scientific Report on Aconcagua, the Colossus of America measures 6960,8 m] (in Spanish). Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. 4 September 2012. Archived from the original on 8 September 2012. Retrieved December 3, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Secor, R.J. (1994). Aconcagua: A Climbing Guide. The Mountaineers. p. 13. ISBN 0-89886-406-2. There is no definitive proof that the ancient Incas actually climbed to the summit of the White Sentinel [Aconcagua], but there is considerable evidence that they did climb very high on the mountain. Signs of Inca ascents have been found on summits throughout the Andes, thus far the highest atop Llullaillaco, a 6,721-metre (22,051 ft) mountain astride the Chilean-Argentine border in the Atacama region. On Aconcagua, the skeleton of a guanaco was found in 1947 along the ridge connecting the North Summit with the South Summit. It seems doubtful that a guanaco would climb that high on the mountain on its own. Furthermore, an Inca mummy has been found at 5400 m on the south west ridge of Aconcagua, near Cerro Piramidal
^ Jump up to: a b Forbes, William (2014). McColl, R.W., ed. Encyclopedia of World Geography, Volume 1 Facts on File Library of World Geography. 1. Infobase Publishing. p. 3. ISBN 0816072299. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
Jump up ^ Servei General d'Informacio de Muntanya (2002). Aconcagua 1:50,000 map (Map). Cordee.
Jump up ^ "South American Explorer". South American Explorers Club (4–19). 1979. Archived from the original on 22 September 2016. Retrieved September 22, 2016 – via University of Texas.
Jump up ^ "Guías Pedagógicas del Sector Lengua Indígena, Aymara" (PDF) (in Spanish). Santiago de Chile: Ministerio de Educación, Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia, UNICEF. 2012. p. 62. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "Geology of Aconcagua - Volcano - Plate Tectonics". Scribd. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Muza, SR; Fulco, CS; Cymerman, A (2004). "Altitude Acclimatization Guide". US Army Research Inst. of Environmental Medicine Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division Technical Report (USARIEM–TN–04–05). Retrieved 5 March 2009.
Jump up ^ Stewart Green. "Aconcagua — Highest Mountain in South America".
Jump up ^ "TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF USE OF THE "ELENA" SHELTER – ACONCAGUA PROVINCIAL PARK".
Jump up ^ "Inauguración del refugio Elena".
Jump up ^ Fitzgerald, E. A. (1898). "On Top of Aconcagua and Tupangato". McClure's magazine. S. S. McClure, Limited. 12 (1): 71–78.
Jump up ^ R.J. Secor, Aconcagua: A Climbing Guide, The Mountaineers Books, 1999, pp. 17–21
Jump up ^ Mario Fantin, Some Notes on the History of Aconcagua, The Alpine Journal 1966
Jump up ^ "Nine-year-old US boy climbs Aconcagua peak in Argentina". BBC News. 28 December 2013.
Jump up ^ "Récord: un niño de 10 años hizo cumbre en el cerro Aconcagua" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2010.
Jump up ^ "Highest contemporary art gallery". Guinness World Records.
Jump up ^ "Kilian Jornet Smashes Aconcagua Speed Record". Climbing Magazine. 23 December 2014.
Jump up ^ "Aconcagua Speed Record Smashed Again". Climbing Magazine. 19 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "Pedro (1943)". IMDb. Retrieved 26 October 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c Apollo, Michal (2016-09-27). "The good, the bad and the ugly – three approaches to management of human waste in a high-mountain environment". International Journal of Environmental Studies. Informa UK Limited. 74 (1): 129–158. doi:10.1080/00207233.2016.1227225. ISSN 0020-7233.
Jump up ^ "Deaths on Aconcagua - Facts and Figures". www.mountainiq.com. Retrieved 2017-05-25.
Jump up ^ Cilimburg, A.; Monz, C.; Kehoe, S. (2000). "Wildland recreation and human waste: a review of problems, practices, and concerns". Environmental Management. 25 (6): 587–598. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs002670010046
Jump up ^ Barros, A. and Pickering, C.M., 2015, Managing human waste on Aconcagua. In: J. Higham, A. Thompson-Carr and G. Musa (Eds.) Mountaineering Tourism (London: Routledge), pp. 219–227.
Bibliography[edit]
Biggar, John (2005). The Andes: A Guide for Climbers (3 ed.). Scotland: Andes Publishing. ISBN 0-9536087-2-7.
Darack, Ed (2001). Wild Winds: Adventures in the Highest Andes. Cordee / DPP. ISBN 978-1884980817.
External links[edit]
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Aconcagua.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Aconcagua (category)
Aconcagua in Andeshandbook
"Aconcagua". SummitPost.org. Retrieved 26 October 2010.
Centro de Investigación en Medicina de Altura (CIMA) de Aconcagua, a consortium of researchers and mountaineers working to improve the understanding of high altitude illness.
Blog with information from a successful Aconcagua ascent
Live webcam from Aconcagua base camp (December to March)
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sv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values:
https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aconcagua
Aconcagua – Tagalog
tl
tl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tl
display: none;

values: அக்கோன்காகுவா – Tamil

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ta
display: none;

values: ยอดเขาอากอนกากวา – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values:
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aconcagua
Aconcagua – Turkish
tr
tr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values: Аконкагуа – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: اکنکاگوا – Urdu

values:
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aconcagua
Aconcagua – Vietnamese
vi
vi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-war
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

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values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Aconcagua rootpage-Aconcagua skin-vector action-view