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An American in Paris (film)
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An American in Paris
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Vincente Minnelli
Produced by
Arthur Freed
Written by
Alan Jay Lerner
Starring
Gene Kelly
Leslie Caron
Oscar Levant
Georges Guétary
Nina Foch
Music by
George Gershwin
Lyrics:
Ira Gershwin
Musical Direction:
Johnny Green
Saul Chaplin
Cinematography
Alfred Gilks
Ballet:
John Alton
Edited by
Adrienne Fazan
Distributed by
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Release date
November 11, 1951 (1951-11-11)
Running time
113 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$2,724,000[1]
Box office
$6,981,000[1]
An American in Paris is a 1951 American musical film inspired by the 1928 orchestral composition An American in Paris by George Gershwin. Starring Gene Kelly, Leslie Caron, Oscar Levant, Georges Guétary, and Nina Foch, the film is set in Paris, and was directed by Vincente Minnelli from a script by Alan Jay Lerner. The music is by George Gershwin, with lyrics by his brother Ira, with additional music by Saul Chaplin, the music director.
The story of the film is interspersed with dance numbers choreographed by Gene Kelly and set to Gershwin's music. Songs and music include "I Got Rhythm", "I'll Build A Stairway to Paradise", " 'S Wonderful", and "Love is Here to Stay". The climax of the film is "The American in Paris" ballet, a 17-minute dance featuring Kelly and Caron set to Gershwin's An American in Paris. The ballet alone cost almost half a million dollars.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Music and dance
4 Box office
5 Awards and honors
5.1 Academy Awards
5.2 Golden Globes
5.3 Others
6 Digital restoration
7 Stage adaptations
7.1 2008 adaptation
7.2 2014 adaptation
8 In popular culture
9 References
10 External links
Plot[edit]
American World War II veteran Jerry Mulligan (Gene Kelly) is now an exuberant expatriate in Paris trying to make a reputation as a painter. His friend and neighbor, Adam Cook (Oscar Levant), is a struggling concert pianist who is a longtime associate of a French singer, Henri Baurel (Georges Guétary). At the ground-floor bar, Henri tells Adam about his cultured girlfriend. Jerry joins them later, before going out to sell his art.
A lonely society woman and heiress, Milo Roberts (Nina Foch), finds Jerry displaying his art on the street and takes an interest in him and his art. She brings him to her apartment to pay for his works, and invites him to a dinner party she is throwing later that night. After singing with French children on the way home, Jerry shows up to Milo's apartment. He quickly finds out that the "party" is actually a one-on-one date, and tells Milo he has no interest in being a paid escort. When he attempts to leave after giving her money back, she insists that she is only interested in his art.
They go to a crowded bar, and she offers to sponsor an art show for Jerry as a friendly gesture. Some of Milo's friends arrive, and while sitting with them, he sees Lise Bouvier (Leslie Caron), a French girl seated at the next table. Jerry ignores Milo and her acquaintances, and instead pretends to know Lise already and dances with her. She is standoffish and gives Jerry a wrong phone number, but she is innocently corrected by someone at her table. Heading home, Milo tells Jerry he was very rude cavorting with a girl he does not know while in her presence, but he gets out of the car and bids her farewell.
The next day, Jerry calls Lise at her work, but she tells him to never call her again. Jerry and Milo meet at a cafe, and she informs him that a collector is interested in his paintings and she arranged a showing later that day. Before going to the showing, he goes to the parfumerie where Lise works and she consents to dinner with him. She does not want to be seen eating with him in public, but they share a romantic song and dance on the banks of the Seine River in the shadows of Notre Dame.
Later, Adam humorously daydreams that he is performing Gershwin's Concerto in F for Piano and Orchestra for a gala audience in a concert hall. As the scene progresses, Adam is also revealed to be the conductor, other members of the orchestra, and even an enthusiastic audience member applauding himself at the end.
Milo gets Jerry an art studio and tells him she has planned an exhibition of his work in three months. He initially refuses the studio because he does not have the money for it, but eventually accepts it under the condition that he pay Milo back when his art proceeds allow him. Roughly a month later and after much courting, Lise abruptly runs off when she and Jerry arrive by taxi at his apartment. When Jerry complains to Adam, he is shocked to realize that both Henri and Jerry are involved with the same woman. Henri and Jerry discuss the woman they each love, unaware she is the same woman.
That night, Jerry and Lise reunite in the same place on the banks of the Seine close to Notre Dame. She informs him that she is marrying Henri the next day and going to America. Lise feels a sense of duty to Henri, to whom she feels indebted for keeping her safe during World War II. She and Jerry proclaim their love for each other.
Feeling slighted, Jerry invites Milo to the art students' masked ball and kisses her. At the raucous party, with everyone in black-and-white costumes, Milo learns from Adam that Jerry is not interested in her, and Henri overhears Jerry and Lise saying goodbye to each other. When Henri and Lise drive away, Jerry daydreams about being with Lise all over Paris to the tune of the George Gershwin composition An American in Paris. His reverie is broken by a car horn, the sound of Henri bringing Lise back to him. They embrace as the Gershwin composition (and the film) ends.
Cast[edit]
Gene Kelly as Jerry Mulligan
Leslie Caron as Lise Bouvier
Oscar Levant as Adam Cook
Georges Guétary as Henri "Hank" Baurel
Nina Foch as Milo Roberts
Eugene Borden as Georges Mattieu
Hayden Rorke, best known for playing Dr. Alfred Bellows on the TV series I Dream of Jeannie (1965–70), has an uncredited part as a friend of Milo. Noel Neill, later to portray Lois Lane on the TV series The Adventures of Superman, has a small role as an American art student who tries to criticize Jerry's paintings. Jazz musician Benny Carter plays the leader of a jazz ensemble performing in the club where Milo first takes Jerry.
Madge Blake, best known for playing Bruce Wayne's aunt Harriet Cooper on the TV series Batman (1966–1968), has an uncredited part as a customer in the perfume shop in which Lise works. Judy Landon, better known for her appearance in Kelly's next musical Singin' in the Rain (and as the wife of Brian Keith), appears as a dancer in the Stairway to Paradise sequence.
John Eldredge as Jack Jansen (uncredited)
Music and dance[edit]
"Embraceable You" – Lise
"Nice Work If You Can Get It" – Hank
"By Strauss" – Jerry, Hank, Adam
"I Got Rhythm" – Jerry
"Tra-la-la (This Time It's Really Love)" – Jerry, Adam
"Love Is Here to Stay" – Jerry, Lise
"I'll Build a Stairway to Paradise" – Hank
Concerto in F for Piano and Orchestra – Adam, The MGM Symphony Orchestra
" 'S Wonderful" – Jerry, Hank
An American in Paris Ballet – Jerry, Lise, Ensemble
The 17 minute ballet sequence, with sets and costumes referencing French painters including Raoul Dufy, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Maurice Utrillo, Henri Rousseau, and Toulouse-Lautrec,[2] is the climax of the film, and cost the studio approximately $450,000 to produce.[3] Production on the film was halted on September 15, 1950. Minnelli left to direct another film, Father's Little Dividend. Upon completion of that film in late October, he returned to film the ballet sequence.[4]
Box office[edit]
According to MGM records, the film earned $3,750,000 in the U.S. and Canada and $3,231,000 in other countries during its initial theatrical release. This resulted in the studio making a $1,346,000 profit.[1]
Awards and honors[edit]
Kelly and Caron dance
Academy Awards[edit]
Wins
Academy Award for Best Picture: Arthur Freed, producer
Academy Award for Best Art – Set Decoration, Color: E. Preston Ames, Cedric Gibbons, F. Keogh Gleason, and Edwin B. Willis
Academy Award for Best Cinematography, Color: John Alton and Alfred Gilks
Academy Award for Best Costume Design, Color: Orry-Kelly, Walter Plunkett, and Irene Sharaff
Academy Award for Best Music, Scoring of a Musical Picture: Saul Chaplin and Johnny Green
Academy Award for Best Writing, Story and Screenplay: Alan Jay Lerner
Nominations
Academy Award for Best Director: Vincente Minnelli
Academy Award for Best Film Editing: Adrienne Fazan
Golden Globes[edit]
Wins
Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy
Nominations
Golden Globe Award for Best Director – Motion Picture: Vincente Minnelli
Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy: Gene Kelly
Others[edit]
Kelly received an Academy Honorary Award that year for "his versatility as an actor, singer, director and dancer, and specifically for his brilliant achievements in the art of choreography on film." It was his only Oscar.
The film was entered into the 1952 Cannes Film Festival.[5]
In 1993, An American in Paris was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
American Film Institute recognition
1998: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies – #68
2002: AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions – #39
2004: AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs – #32
"I Got Rhythm"
2006: AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals – #9
AFI also honored star Kelly as #15 of the top 25 American male screen legends.
Digital restoration[edit]
In 2011, the film was digitally restored by Warner Bros. for its 60th-anniversary.[6][7]
Stage adaptations[edit]
2008 adaptation[edit]
A stage version of the musical was adapted by Ken Ludwig, and began previews at the Alley Theatre (Houston) on April 29, 2008, officially opening on May 18 and running through June 22. The production, directed by Alley artistic director Gregory Boyd with choreography by Randy Skinner, starred Harry Groener and Kerry O'Malley. The musical had many of the film's original songs, and also incorporated other Gershwin songs, such as "They All Laughed", "Let's Call the Whole Thing Off", and "Love Walked In".[8][9]
2014 adaptation[edit]
Main article: An American in Paris (musical)
In 2014, a stage adaptation premiered in Paris at the Théâtre du Châtelet, with Robert Fairchild as Jerry Mulligan and Leanne Cope as Lise Bouvier (here renamed Lise Dassin and turned into an aspiring ballet dancer). The production, which ran from November to January 2015, was directed and choreographed by Christopher Wheeldon, written by Craig Lucas and designed by Bob Crowley. The musical then transferred to Broadway, with previews at Palace Theatre beginning on March 13, 2015, before officially opening there on April 12.[10][11][12]
In popular culture[edit]
The epilogue of the 2016 musical film La La Land references the set design and costuming of An American in Paris.[13]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c The Eddie Mannix Ledger, Los Angeles: Margaret Herrick Library, Center for Motion Picture Study .
Jump up ^ Koresky, Michael. "An American in Paris and Gigi". Retrieved December 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ McGee, Scott. "An American in Paris: Articles". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ "An American in Paris: Notes". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ "An American in Paris". Festival de Cannes. Retrieved October 8, 2011.
Jump up ^ Braxton, Greg (October 21, 2010). "Restored 'An American in Paris' to open TCM Classic Film Festival". LA Times.
Jump up ^ "An American in Paris re-released after digital restoration". BBC. 2 November 2011.
Jump up ^ "The Gershwins' An American in Paris Again Extends Houston Run". playbill.com. 2011-10-08. Archived from the original on 2009-01-26. Retrieved 2011-10-08.
Jump up ^ "The Gershwins' An American in Paris: 2007-2008 Season". Alley Theatre. Retrieved October 8, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gans, Andrew. "An American in Paris Will Open at Broadway's Palace in 2015" Archived July 25, 2014, at the Wayback Machine. Playbill.com, July 17, 2014
Jump up ^ Beardsley, Eleanor (December 25, 2014). "The French Go Crazy For 'An American In Paris'". NPR.
Jump up ^ Mackrell, Judith (December 8, 2014). "Return to rive gauche: how Christopher Wheedlon adapted An American in Paris". The Guardian.
Jump up ^ Harris, Aisha (December 13, 2016). "La La Land’s Many References to Classic Movies: A Guide". Slate. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to An American in Paris (film).
Wikiquote has quotations related to: An American in Paris (film)
An American in Paris on IMDb
An American in Paris at the TCM Movie Database
An American in Paris at AllMovie
An American in Paris at Rotten Tomatoes
Filmsite.org's Greatest Films An American in Paris
Combustible Celluloid's review of An American in Paris
Production art from An American in Paris, Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
[show]
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t
e
George and Ira Gershwin musicals, operas and films
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Delicious (film)
Of Thee I Sing
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Shall We Dance (film)
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George
La La Lucille
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Park Avenue
The Barkleys of Broadway (film)
A Star Is Born (film)
The Country Girl (film)
repurposed
Rhapsody in Blue (film)
An American in Paris (film)
My One and Only (musical)
Crazy for You
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An American in Paris (musical)
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[show]
v
t
e
Arthur Freed musical productions
As producer
Babes in Arms (1939)
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Little Nellie Kelly (1940)
Lady Be Good (1941)
Babes on Broadway (1941)
Panama Hattie (1942)
For Me and My Gal (1942)
Cabin in the Sky (1943)
DuBarry Was a Lady (1943)
Best Foot Forward (1943)
Girl Crazy (1943)
Meet Me in St. Louis (1944)
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An American in Paris (1951)
The Belle of New York (1952)
Singin' in the Rain (1952)
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Brigadoon (1954)
It's Always Fair Weather (1955)
Kismet (1955)
Invitation to the Dance (1956)
Silk Stockings (1957)
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Bells Are Ringing (1960)
Uncredited
as producer
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Meet the People (1944)
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The Clock (1945)
Any Number Can Play (1949)
Crisis (1950)
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Light in the Piazza (1962)
[show]
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e
Films directed by Vincente Minnelli
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Yolanda and the Thief (1945)
Undercurrent (1946)
The Pirate (1948)
Madame Bovary (1949)
Father of the Bride (1950)
Father's Little Dividend (1951)
An American in Paris (1951)
The Bad and the Beautiful (1952)
The Story of Three Loves (1953)
The Band Wagon (1953)
The Long, Long Trailer (1953)
Brigadoon (1954)
The Cobweb (1955)
Kismet (1955)
Lust for Life (1956)
Tea and Sympathy (1956)
Designing Woman (1957)
Gigi (1958)
The Reluctant Debutante (1958)
Some Came Running (1958)
Home from the Hill (1960)
Bells Are Ringing (1960)
The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (1962)
Two Weeks in Another Town (1962)
The Courtship of Eddie's Father (1963)
Goodbye Charlie (1964)
The Sandpiper (1965)
On a Clear Day You Can See Forever (1970)
A Matter of Time (1976)
[show]
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How Green Was My Valley (1941)
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1951–1975
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Marty (1955)
Around the World in 80 Days (1956)
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Ben-Hur (1959)
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Midnight Cowboy (1969)
Patton (1970)
The French Connection (1971)
The Godfather (1972)
The Sting (1973)
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1976–2000
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Chariots of Fire (1981)
Gandhi (1982)
Terms of Endearment (1983)
Amadeus (1984)
Out of Africa (1985)
Platoon (1986)
The Last Emperor (1987)
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Driving Miss Daisy (1989)
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Unforgiven (1992)
Schindler's List (1993)
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Braveheart (1995)
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[show]
v
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Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy
An American in Paris (1951)
With a Song in My Heart (1952)
Carmen Jones (1954)
Guys and Dolls (1955)
The King and I (1956)
Les Girls (1957)
Gigi / Auntie Mame (1958)
Porgy and Bess / Some Like It Hot (1959)
Song Without End / The Apartment (1960)
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Tom Jones (1963)
My Fair Lady (1964)
The Sound of Music (1965)
The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming (1966)
The Graduate (1967)
Oliver! (1968)
The Secret of Santa Vittoria (1969)
MASH (1970)
Fiddler on the Roof (1971)
Cabaret (1972)
American Graffiti (1973)
The Longest Yard (1974)
The Sunshine Boys (1975)
A Star Is Born (1976)
The Goodbye Girl (1977)
Heaven Can Wait (1978)
Breaking Away (1979)
Coal Miner's Daughter (1980)
Arthur (1981)
Tootsie (1982)
Yentl (1983)
Romancing the Stone (1984)
Prizzi's Honor (1985)
Hannah and Her Sisters (1986)
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Green Card (1990)
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VIAF: 292995414
GND: 7525632-0
SUDOC: 184021529
BNF: cb165990106 (data)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=An_American_in_Paris_(film)&oldid=801161979"
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List of Apollo astronauts
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Eugene Cernan operating the Lunar Roving Vehicle
Thirty-two astronauts were assigned to fly in the Apollo manned lunar landing program. Twenty-four of them left Earth's orbit and flew around the Moon on nine missions. (Of the other manned missions, Apollo 1 did not launch and Apollo 7 and Apollo 9 were low Earth orbit spacecraft testing missions). In addition, nine astronauts flew Apollo spacecraft in the Apollo Applications Programs Skylab and Apollo–Soyuz Test Project.
Twelve of these astronauts walked on the Moon's surface, and six of those drove Lunar Roving Vehicles on the Moon. While three astronauts flew to the Moon twice, of which two landed, none landed on the Moon more than once. The nine Apollo missions to the Moon occurred between December 1968 and December 1972.
Apart from these twenty-four men who visited the Moon, no human being has gone beyond low Earth orbit. They have, therefore, been farther from the Earth than anyone else. They are also the only people to have directly viewed the far side of the Moon. The twelve who walked on the Moon are the only people ever to have set foot on an astronomical object other than the Earth.
Of the twenty-four astronauts who flew to the Moon, two went on to command a Skylab mission, one commanded Apollo–Soyuz, one flew as commander for Approach and Landing Tests of the Space Shuttle, and two went on to command orbital Space Shuttle missions. A total of twenty-four NASA astronauts from the Apollo era flew on the Space Shuttle.
Contents
1 Prime crew members
1.1 From the Mercury Seven
1.2 From Astronaut Group 2
1.3 From Astronaut Group 3
1.4 From Astronaut Group 4
1.5 From Astronaut Group 5
2 Other astronauts who trained for Apollo but did not fly
3 Apollo astronauts who walked on the Moon
4 Apollo astronauts who flew to the Moon without landing
5 References
6 External links
Prime crew members[edit]
NASA's Director of Flight Crew Operations during the Gemini and Apollo programs was Donald K. "Deke" Slayton, one of the original Mercury Seven astronauts, who was medically grounded in September 1962 due to a minor cardiac arrythmia – paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Slayton was responsible for making all Gemini and Apollo crew assignments. In March 1972, Slayton was restored to flight status, and flew on the 1975 Apollo–Soyuz Test Project mission.
The prime crew members selected for actual missions are here grouped by their NASA astronaut selection groups, and within each group in the order selected for flight.
From the Mercury Seven[edit]
(L to R) Scott Carpenter, L. Gordon Cooper, John Glenn, Grissom, Schirra, Shepard, and Slayton
Virgil I. "Gus" Grissom – Pilot of Liberty Bell 7 and commander of the first manned Gemini 3, Grissom was selected in 1966 to command the first manned mission, Apollo 1, a low Earth orbit test of the Apollo Command/Service Module. This mission ended a month before its scheduled launch[1] when a cabin fire on the launch pad killed Grissom and his entire crew—Ed White and Roger Chaffee—on January 27, 1967. According to Slayton, Grissom would have been his choice to be the first to walk on the Moon.[2][3]
Walter M. Schirra Jr. – Pilot of Sigma 7 and commander of Gemini 6A, was selected to command a second CSM test flight which was canceled in late 1966, at which time he was reassigned as Grissom's backup. Twenty-one months after the Apollo 1 fire, Schirra commanded the first CSM test flight, Apollo 7. He was the only member of the "Mercury Seven" to fly on all three programs.
Alan B. Shepard Jr. – America's first man in space on Freedom 7 was originally selected to command Gemini 3, but was medically grounded for the duration of Gemini due to Ménière's disease and assisted Slayton in Flight Operations. After corrective surgery, Shepard was restored to flight status and commanded Apollo 14, the third successful Moon landing mission.
From Astronaut Group 2[edit]
NASA Astronaut Group 2: Back row: Elliot M. See (died in Gemini training), McDivitt, Lovell, White, & Stafford. Front row: Conrad, Borman, Armstrong, & Young
All of these astronauts flew on Gemini, and except for White, each commanded one Gemini and one Apollo mission:
Ed White – Second-seat veteran of Gemini 4 who made the United States' first walk in space, selected as Senior Pilot (second seat) on Apollo 1. White was killed in the Apollo 1 fire along with Grissom and Chaffee.
James A. McDivitt – Commander of Gemini 4, selected in late 1966 to command the first Earth orbital flight test of the Apollo Lunar Module with the CSM. This mission flew in March 1969 as Apollo 9. After his flight, McDivitt was promoted to Manager of Lunar Landing Operations, and in August 1969 was promoted to Manager of the Apollo Spacecraft Program.
Frank F. Borman II – Commander of Gemini 7, selected to command a higher Earth orbit test of the complete Apollo spacecraft. But when delays prevented the LM from being ready in time for its first flight in December 1968, Borman's mission was changed to the first lunar orbital flight of the CSM on Apollo 8.
James A. Lovell Jr. – Second-seat veteran of Gemini 7, and commander of Gemini 12, flew as Command Module Pilot (second seat) on Apollo 8. Lovell became the first to fly a second Apollo mission as commander of Apollo 13, the third lunar landing attempt. This mission was unsuccessful, due to a Service Module electrical system failure caused by an oxygen tank explosion. Lovell and his crew managed to return to Earth safely.
Thomas P. Stafford – Second-seat veteran of Gemini 6A and commander of Gemini 9A, commanded a lunar orbital test of the Lunar Module on Apollo 10. He also commanded the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project mission.
John W. Young – Second-seat veteran of Gemini 3 and commander of Gemini 10, flew as Command Module Pilot on Apollo 10. Young later commanded the successful Apollo 16 lunar landing. He also commanded the first Space Shuttle flight, STS-1 Columbia, on April 12, 1981. He died January 5, 2018.
Neil A. Armstrong – Commander of Gemini 8, commanded Apollo 11, becoming the first man to set foot on the Moon.
Charles "Pete" Conrad Jr. – Second-seat veteran of Gemini 5 and commander of Gemini 11, commanded Apollo 12, the second lunar landing. He went on to command Skylab 2, successfully completing repairs to the spacecraft that saved it for this and two subsequent missions.
From Astronaut Group 3[edit]
NASA Astronaut Group 3
This was the first class of astronauts for which test pilot experience was not required, but military jet fighter pilot experience was acceptable.
Five of this group got their first spaceflight experience as second seat on Gemini:
David R. Scott – Second-seat veteran of Gemini 8, flew as Command Module Pilot on Apollo 9, and commanded the Apollo 15 lunar landing.
Eugene A. Cernan – Second-seat veteran on Gemini 9A, flew as Lunar Module Pilot on Apollo 10, and commanded the final lunar landing mission Apollo 17.
Michael Collins – Second-seat veteran on Gemini 10, flew as Command Module Pilot on Apollo 11.
Edwin E. "Buzz" Aldrin Jr. – Second-seat veteran on Gemini 12, flew as Lunar Module Pilot on Apollo 11, the first Moon landing.
Richard F. Gordon Jr. – Second-seat veteran on Gemini 11, flew as Command Module Pilot on Apollo 12. Gordon was selected to command the Apollo 18 lunar landing, which was later canceled.
The remaining six members of this group were selected for their first space flights on Apollo:
Roger B. Chaffee – Selected as Pilot (third seat) on Apollo 1, was killed with Grissom and White in the fire.
Donn F. Eisele – Flew second seat on Apollo 7.
R. Walter Cunningham – Flew third seat on Apollo 7.
Russell L. "Rusty" Schweickart – Flew as Lunar Module Pilot on Apollo 9. Schweickart performed an EVA outside the spacecraft, testing the Portable Life Support System used on the Moon.
William A. Anders – Flew third seat on Apollo 8.
Alan L. Bean – Flew as Lunar Module Pilot on Apollo 12. He later served as Commander for Skylab 3.
From Astronaut Group 4[edit]
Harrison Schmitt (seated, center) became NASA's first scientist astronaut to fly in space.
In June 1965, NASA named a group of five scientist astronauts, the first group qualified by doctorate degrees rather than test or military fighter pilot experience.[4] Geologist Harrison H. "Jack" Schmitt participated heavily in the geological training of the lunar landing astronauts, as well as assisting in the analysis of returned samples and the preparation of mission reports. In 1970, he was selected as Lunar Module Pilot for the Apollo 15 backup crew, and prime crew on Apollo 18. When program cutbacks canceled missions 18 through 20, NASA's lunar geological community insisted on having a geologist on the Moon, so Slayton reassigned Schmitt to Apollo 17.
From Astronaut Group 5[edit]
NASA Astronaut Group 5
NASA named a group of 19 more astronauts in April 1966. None had spaceflight experience before their Apollo mission.
T. Kenneth Mattingly II – Selected as prime Command Module Pilot for Apollo 13, Mattingly was exposed to German measles days before the flight and was grounded by the flight surgeon. He swapped places with his backup and flew on Apollo 16. He also flew on STS-4 and STS-51-C
John L. "Jack" Swigert Jr. – Flew as Mattingly's backup on Apollo 13.
Fred W. Haise Jr. – Flew as Lunar Module Pilot on the unsuccessful Apollo 13. Haise was selected to command the Apollo 19 lunar landing, which was canceled.
Stuart A. Roosa – Command Module Pilot on Apollo 14
Edgar D. Mitchell – Lunar Module Pilot on Apollo 14
Alfred M. Worden – Command Module Pilot on Apollo 15
James B. Irwin – Lunar Module Pilot on Apollo 15
Charles M. Duke Jr. – First achieved public recognition as capsule communicator during the Apollo 11 Moon landing; notable for the quote: "...we copy you on the ground. You've got a bunch of guys about to turn blue; we're breathing again. Thanks a lot."[5] Duke flew as Lunar Module Pilot on Apollo 16.
Ronald E. Evans Jr. – Command Module Pilot on Apollo 17.
Other astronauts who trained for Apollo but did not fly[edit]
L. Gordon Cooper Jr. – from the Mercury Seven; veteran of Mercury Faith 7 and commander of Gemini 5, was replaced as Apollo 14 commander by Alan Shepard and resigned from NASA in 1970.
Clifton C. Williams Jr. – from Group 3; was named as Schweickart's Lunar Module Pilot backup crew, but was killed when the T-38 jet he was flying crashed near Tallahassee, Florida on October 5, 1967. He was replaced with Bean, who flew on Apollo 12.
Edward G. Givens Jr. – from Group 5; was on the support crew of Apollo 7, but died in a car crash near Houston, Texas on June 6, 1967.
Joseph H. Engle – from Group 5; was originally named as Apollo 17 Lunar Module Pilot, but lost his slot to Schmitt. After Apollo, he flew in the Space Shuttle Approach and Landing Tests, then commanded STS-2 and STS-51I.
Apollo astronauts who walked on the Moon[edit]
"Moonwalkers" redirects here. For the 2015 film, see Moonwalkers (film).
Twelve people have walked on the Moon. Four of them are still living as of October 2018.[update] All manned lunar landings took place between July 1969 and December 1972 as part of the Apollo program.
Name Born Died Age at
first step Mission Lunar EVA dates Service Alma Mater
01. Neil Armstrong (1930-08-05)August 5, 1930 August 25, 2012(2012-08-25) (aged 82) 38y 11m 15d Apollo 11 July 21, 1969[6] NASA[7] Purdue University, University of Southern California
02. Buzz Aldrin (1930-01-20) January 20, 1930 (age 88) 39y 6m 0d Air Force United States Military Academy, MIT
03. Pete Conrad (1930-06-02)June 2, 1930 July 8, 1999(1999-07-08) (aged 69) 39y 5m 17d Apollo 12 November 19–20, 1969 Navy Princeton University
04. Alan Bean (1932-03-15)March 15, 1932 May 26, 2018(2018-05-26) (aged 86) 37y 8m 4d Navy University of Texas, Austin
05. Alan Shepard (1923-11-18)November 18, 1923 July 21, 1998(1998-07-21) (aged 74) 47y 2m 18d Apollo 14 February 5–6, 1971 Navy United States Naval Academy, Naval War College
06. Edgar Mitchell (1930-09-17)September 17, 1930 February 4, 2016(2016-02-04) (aged 85) 40y 4m 19d Navy Carnegie Mellon University, Naval Postgraduate School, MIT
07. David Scott (1932-06-06) June 6, 1932 (age 86) 39y 1m 25d Apollo 15 July 31 – August 2, 1971 Air Force University of Michigan, United States Military Academy, MIT
08. James Irwin (1930-03-17)March 17, 1930 August 8, 1991(1991-08-08) (aged 61) 41y 4m 14d Air Force United States Naval Academy, University of Michigan
09. John Young (1930-09-24)September 24, 1930 January 5, 2018(2018-01-05) (aged 87) 41y 6m 28d Apollo 16 April 21–23, 1972 Navy Georgia Institute of Technology
10. Charles Duke (1935-10-03) October 3, 1935 (age 83) 36y 6m 18d Air Force United States Naval Academy, MIT
11. Eugene Cernan (1934-03-14)March 14, 1934 January 16, 2017(2017-01-16) (aged 82) 38y 9m 7d Apollo 17 December 11–14, 1972 Navy Purdue University, Naval Postgraduate School
12. Harrison Schmitt (1935-07-03) July 3, 1935 (age 83) 37y 5m 8d NASA Caltech, University of Oslo, Harvard University
On each of the Apollo 17 extravehicular activities (EVAs), Harrison Schmitt was the second person out of, and the first person back into, the lunar module. Schmitt is thus the 12th and last person to have stepped onto the Moon. Eugene Cernan, as the second person to enter the lunar module on the final EVA, was the last person to have walked on the Moon.
Alan Shepard was the oldest person to walk on the Moon, at age 47 years and 80 days. Charlie Duke was the youngest, at age 36 years and 201 days.
Jim Lovell and Fred Haise were scheduled to walk on the Moon during the Apollo 13 mission, but the lunar landing was aborted following a major malfunction en route to the Moon. Haise was again scheduled to walk on the Moon as commander of Apollo 19, but Apollo 18 and Apollo 19 were canceled on September 2, 1970.
Joe Engle had trained on the backup crew for Apollo 14 to explore the Moon with Cernan, but Engle was replaced by Schmitt on the primary crew for Apollo 17. Schmitt had previously been crewed with Apollo 12 command module pilot Dick Gordon in anticipation of Apollo 18, but Schmitt replaced Engle on Apollo 17 after the cancellation of Apollo 18 and Apollo 19, leaving Gordon as the last Apollo astronaut to train extensively for lunar exploration without ever landing on the Moon.
Apollo astronauts who flew to the Moon without landing[edit]
Besides the 12 people who have walked on the Moon, 12 more have flown to within 0.001 lunar distance of its surface. During each of the six missions with successful lunar landings, one astronaut remained in lunar orbit while the other two landed. In addition, the three-person crews of Apollo 8 and Apollo 10 also entered lunar orbit, and the crew of Apollo 13 looped around the Moon on a free-return trajectory.
All nine manned missions to the Moon took place as part of the Apollo program over a period of just under four years, from 21 December 1968 to 19 December 1972. The 24 people who have flown to the Moon are the only people who have traveled beyond low Earth orbit. Twelve of them are still living as of May 2018[update].
Jim Lovell, John Young, and Eugene Cernan are the only three people to have flown to the Moon twice. Young and Cernan each set foot on it during their respective second lunar missions, while Lovell is the only person to have flown to the Moon twice without landing.
During Cernan's first lunar mission on Apollo 10, he tied the present record set by Bill Anders on Apollo 8 as the youngest person to fly to the Moon. Each was 35 years and 65 days old on his launch date and 35 years and 68 days old when he entered lunar orbit. The oldest person to fly to the Moon was Alan Shepard, who walked on its surface during the Apollo 14 mission. Shepard was 47 years and 74 days old on his launch date and 47 years and 78 days old when he entered lunar orbit.
Because of Apollo 13's free-return trajectory, Lovell, Jack Swigert and Fred Haise flew higher above the Moon's 180° meridian (opposite Earth) than anyone else has flown (254 km/158 mi). Coincidentally, due to the Moon's distance from Earth at the time, they simultaneously set the present record for humans' greatest distance from Earth, reaching an altitude of 400,171 km (248,655 mi) above sea level at 0:21 UTC on 15 April 1970.
Name Born Died Age on mission Mission Mission dates Service Notes
1. Frank Borman (1928-03-14) March 14, 1928 (age 90) 40 Apollo 8 December 21–27, 1968 Air Force
2. Jim Lovell (1928-03-25) March 25, 1928 (age 90) 40 Navy also flew on Apollo 13
3. Bill Anders (1933-10-17) October 17, 1933 (age 85) 35 Air Force
4. Tom Stafford (1930-09-17) September 17, 1930 (age 88) 38 Apollo 10 May 18–26, 1969 Air Force later flew on Apollo–Soyuz Test Project
John Young (1930-09-24)September 24, 1930 January 5, 2018(2018-01-05) (aged 87) 38 Navy landed on Apollo 16; later flew two space shuttle missions
Eugene Cernan (1934-03-14)March 14, 1934 January 16, 2017(2017-01-16) (aged 82) 35 Navy landed on Apollo 17
5. Michael Collins (1930-10-31) October 31, 1930 (age 87) 38 Apollo 11 July 16–24, 1969 Air Force
6. Dick Gordon (1929-10-05)October 5, 1929 November 6, 2017(2017-11-06) (aged 88) 40 Apollo 12 November 14–24, 1969 Navy trained to land, slated for Apollo 18 (canceled)[8]
Jim Lovell (1928-03-25) March 25, 1928 (age 90) 42 Apollo 13 April 11–17, 1970 Navy already flown on Apollo 8; intended to land
7. Jack Swigert (1931-08-30)August 30, 1931 December 27, 1982(1982-12-27) (aged 51) 38 NASA
8. Fred Haise (1933-11-14) November 14, 1933 (age 84) 36 NASA[9] intended to land; later trained to land and slated for Apollo 19 (canceled);[8] flew shuttle on approach / landing tests
9. Stu Roosa (1933-08-16)August 16, 1933 December 12, 1994(1994-12-12) (aged 61) 37 Apollo 14 January 31 – February 9, 1971 Air Force in rotation to land on Apollo 20 (canceled)
10. Al Worden (1932-02-07) February 7, 1932 (age 86) 39 Apollo 15 July 26 – August 7, 1971 Air Force
11. Ken Mattingly (1936-03-17) March 17, 1936 (age 82) 36 Apollo 16 April 16–27, 1972 Navy later flew two space shuttle missions.
12. Ron Evans (1933-11-10)November 10, 1933 April 7, 1990(1990-04-07) (aged 56) 39 Apollo 17 December 7–19, 1972 Navy
References[edit]
Jump up ^ George E. Mueller, Associate Administrator of the Office of Manned Spaceflight, issued a directive on April 24, 1967, that the mission would be officially recorded as Apollo 1, "first manned Apollo Saturn flight - failed on ground test." Ertel, Ivan D.; Newkirk, Roland W.; Brooks, Courtney G. (1978). "Vol.11, part 1 (1967 Mar/Apr), March 25 - April 24". NASA SP-4009: The Apollo Spacecraft – A Chronology. NASA. Retrieved March 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ Zornio, Mary C. Detailed Biographies of Apollo I Crew - "Gus Grissom", NASA, accessed July 19, 2006.
Jump up ^ Slayton, Donald K; Cassutt, Michael (1994). Deke!: U.S. Manned Space from Mercury to the Shuttle (1st ed.). New York City: Forge: St. Martin's Press. p. 234. ISBN 0-312-85503-6. LCCN 94-2463. OCLC 29845663.
Jump up ^ Note: Edwin Aldrin and Eugene Cernan were selected for Group 3 without having been test pilots, though both were fighter pilots in the Air Force and Navy respectively.
Jump up ^ "Footagevault, Project MOCR". Archived from the original on 2013-06-15.
Jump up ^ This date is based on Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). Americans alive at the time remember it as the night of July 20, 1969 (Armstrong set foot on the Moon at 10:56 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time), but the official NASA chronology was kept in Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), so the first step was 2:56 a.m. on the 21st: [1]
Jump up ^ Armstrong had left the US Navy and was already a NASA employee when he and Elliot See became the first civilian astronauts in Astronaut Group 2. See Armstrong's NASA biography and a description of his receiving a NASA award, among others.
^ Jump up to: a b Williams, David R. "Apollo 18 through 20 - The Cancelled Missions". NASA.gov. Retrieved July 19, 2006.
Jump up ^ "Astronaut Bio: Fred Haise". NASA.gov. January 1996. Retrieved 21 March 2009.
External links[edit]
"Human Space Flight - Apollo History". NASA. January 30, 2004. Retrieved 2007-01-08.
One Giant Leap for Mankind: 35th Anniversary of Apollo 11, NASA, Michael Makara, accessed July 14, 2006
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Apollo_astronauts&oldid=865440636"
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