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List of territorial entities where English is an official language
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Nations in which English is an official language (de facto or de jure). Anglosphere countries are those where English is the main native language.
Anglosphere
Official as majority language
Official as minority language
Co-official as majority language
Co-official as minority language
Unofficial[clarification needed]
Not official as majority language
Not official as minority language
All areas of the world that were ever part of the British Empire. Current British Overseas Territories have their names underlined in red.
The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level.
The majority of states where English is an official language are former territories of the British Empire. Notable exceptions include Rwanda, which was formerly a Belgian territory, Cameroon, where only part of national territory were under British mandate, and Liberia, the Philippines, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and Palau, which were under American rule. English is the sole official language of the Commonwealth of Nations and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. English is one of the official languages of the United Nations, the European Union, NAFTA, African Union, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Caribbean Community, Union of South American Nations and many other international organizations. Although English is de jure not an official language at the national level in the United States, most states and territories within the United States have English as an official language. Only Puerto Rico uses a language other than English as a primary working language.
The United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand, where the overwhelming majority of native English speakers reside, do not have English as an official language de jure, but English is considered to be their de facto official language due to its dominant position in these countries.
Contents
[hide]
1 Sovereign states
2 Non-sovereign entities
3 Country subdivisions
4 See also
5 Footnotes
6 References
Sovereign states[edit]
Countries where English is a de jure official language
Country
Region
Population1
Primary language?
Antigua and Barbuda[1] Caribbean 85,000 Yes
Bahamas[1] Caribbean 331,000 Yes
Barbados[2] Caribbean 294,000 Yes
Belize[3] Central America 288,000 Yes
Botswana[3] Africa 1,882,000 No
Burundi[4] Africa 10,114,505 No
Cameroon[1] Africa 22,534,532 No
Canada[1] North America 35,985,751 Yes
Cook Islands14[1] Oceania 20,000 Yes
Dominica[1] Caribbean 73,000 Yes
Federated States of Micronesia[1] Oceania 110,000 No
Fiji[1] Oceania 828,000 No
Gambia[1] Africa 1,709,000 No
Ghana[1] Africa 27,000,000 Yes (used as lingua franca)
Grenada[1] Caribbean 106,000 Yes
Guyana[5] South America 738,000 Yes
India[3][6] Asia 1,247,540,000 No (but official and educational)
Ireland[7][8] Europe 4,581,000 Yes
Jamaica[9] Caribbean 2,714,000 Yes
Kenya[1] Africa 45,010,056 Yes (used in business and education)
Kiribati[1] Oceania 95,000 No
Lesotho[1] Africa 2,008,000 No
Liberia[1] Africa 3,750,000 No (Majority of people speaks English)
Malawi[10] Africa 16,407,000 No
Malta[1] Europe 430,000 No (but official and educational)
Marshall Islands[1] Oceania 59,000 No
Mauritius[1] Africa / Indian Ocean 1,262,000 No
Namibia[1] Africa 2,074,000 No (used as lingua franca)
Nauru[11] Oceania 10,000 No
Nigeria[1][12] Africa 182,202,000 Yes (used as lingua franca)
Niue14[1] Oceania 1,600 No
Pakistan[1] Asia 199,085,847 No (but official and educational)
Palau[3] Oceania 20,000 No
Papua New Guinea[13][14] Oceania 7,059,653 No
Philippines[1][15] Asia 102,885,100 No (but official and educational)
Rwanda[1] Africa 11,262,564 No (but official and educational)
Saint Kitts and Nevis[16] Caribbean 50,000 Yes
Saint Lucia[1] Caribbean 165,000 Yes
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines[17] Caribbean 120,000 Yes
Samoa[18] Oceania 188,000 No
Seychelles[1] Africa / Indian Ocean 87,000 No
Sierra Leone[1] Africa 6,190,280 Yes
Singapore[19] Asia 5,469,700[20] No (but official and educational)
Solomon Islands[1] Oceania 507,000 No
South Africa[21] Africa 54,956,900 No (but official, educated and
lingua franca in formal economy )
South Sudan[22] Africa 12,340,000 No
Sudan[1] Africa 40,235,000 No
Swaziland[1] Africa 1,141,000 No
Tanzania[1] Africa 51,820,000 No
Tonga[23] Oceania 100,000 No
Trinidad and Tobago[1] Caribbean 1,333,000 Yes
Tuvalu[3] Oceania 11,000 No
Uganda[1] Africa 37,873,253 No (official and educated)[24]
Vanuatu[25] Oceania 226,000 No
Zambia[1] Africa 16,212,000 No
Zimbabwe[1] Africa 13,061,239 No (used as lingua franca)
Countries where English is a de facto official language
Country
Region
Population
Primary language?
Australia Oceania 23,520,000 Yes
New Zealand[26] Oceania 4,294,000 Yes
United Kingdom Europe 63,705,000 Yes
United States North America 318,224,000 Yes
Countries where English is a de facto official, but not primary language
Country
Region
Population1
Bahrain[27][28] Asia / Middle East 1,378,000
Bangladesh[29] Asia 150,039,000
Brunei[30][31] Asia 415,717
Cyprus[32] Europe 1,141,166
Eritrea[1] Africa 6,234,000
Ethiopia[1] Africa 85,000,000
Israel[33][34][35] Asia / Middle East 8,051,200
Jordan[36] Asia / Middle East 9,882,401
Kuwait[37] Asia / Middle East 4,348,395
Malaysia[38] Asia 30,018,242
Maldives[39] Asia 427,756
Myanmar[40] Asia 51,486,253
Qatar[41] Asia / Middle East 2,675,522
Sri Lanka[42][43] Asia 20,277,597
United Arab Emirates[44] Asia / Middle East 5,779,760
Non-sovereign entities[edit]
Non-sovereign entities where English is a de jure official language
Entity
Region
Population1
Akrotiri and Dhekelia Europe 15,700
American Samoa11 Oceania 67,700
Anguilla[1] Caribbean 13,101
Bermuda9[1] North America 65,000
British Virgin Islands[1] Caribbean 23,000
Cayman Islands[3] Caribbean 47,000
Curacao[45] Caribbean 150,563
Falkland Islands South Atlantic 3,000
Gibraltar[1] Europe 29,257
Guam4 Oceania 173,000
Hong Kong2[1] Asia 7,097,600
Isle of Man8 Europe 80,058
Jersey6[1] Europe 89,300
Norfolk Island[1] Australia 1,828
Northern Mariana Islands7 Oceania 53,883
Pitcairn Islands13[1] Oceania 50
Puerto Rico3 Caribbean 3,991,000
Sint Maarten[46] Caribbean 40,900
Turks and Caicos Islands[1] Caribbean 26,000
U.S. Virgin Islands5 Caribbean 111,000
Non-sovereign entities where English is a de facto official language
Entity
Region
Population1
British Indian Ocean Territory Indian Ocean 3,000
Guernsey10 Europe 61,811
Montserrat[1] Caribbean 5,900
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha[3] South Atlantic 5,660
Non-sovereign entities where English is a de facto official, but not primary, language
Entity
Region
Population1
Christmas Island12[1] Australia 1,508
Cocos (Keeling) Islands[1] Australia 596
Tokelau[47] Oceania 1,400
Country subdivisions[edit]
In these country subdivisions, English has de jure official status, but English is not official in their respective countries at the national level.
Country subdivisions where English is a de jure official language
Subdivision
Country
Region
Population
Alabama[48] United States North America 4,833,722
Alaska[49] United States North America 735,132
Arizona[50] United States North America 6,626,624
Arkansas[48] United States North America 2,959,373
California[48] United States North America 38,332,521
Colorado[48] United States North America 5,268,367
Florida[48] United States North America 19,552,860
Georgia[48] United States North America 9,992,167
Hawaii[48] United States Oceania 1,404,054
Idaho[48] United States North America 1,612,136
Illinois[48] United States North America 12,882,135
Indiana[48] United States North America 6,570,902
Iowa[48] United States North America 3,090,416
Kansas[48] United States North America 2,893,957
Kentucky[48] United States North America 4,395,295
Louisiana[51] United States North America 4,670,724
Massachusetts[51] United States North America 6,794,422
Mississippi[48] United States North America 2,991,207
Missouri[48] United States North America 6,083,672
Montana[48] United States North America 1,015,165
Nebraska[48] United States North America 1,868,516
New Hampshire[48] United States North America 1,323,459
North Carolina[48] United States North America 9,848,060
North Dakota[48] United States North America 723,393
Northern Ireland United Kingdom Europe
Oklahoma[52] United States North America 3,850,568
Saba[53] Netherlands Caribbean 1,991
San Andrés y Providencia[54] Colombia South America 75,167
Sarawak[55][56][57] Malaysia Asia 2,471,140
Scotland[58] United Kingdom Europe 5,313,600
Sint Eustatius[53] Netherlands Caribbean 3,897
South Carolina[48] United States North America 4,774,839
South Dakota[48] United States North America 844,877
Tennessee[48] United States North America 6,495,978
Texas[48] United States North America 27,469,114
Utah[48] United States North America 2,900,872
Virginia[48] United States North America 8,260,405
Wales[59] United Kingdom Europe 3,063,456
West Virginia[60] United States North America 1,844,128
Wyoming[48] United States North America 582,658
See also[edit]
Commonwealth realms portal
British Empire portal
Anglo-America
Commonwealth of Nations
British Overseas Territories
English-speaking world
List of countries by English-speaking population
British Empire
Footnotes[edit]
^1 The population figures are based on the sources in List of countries by population, with information as of 23 January 2009 (UN estimates, et al.), and refer to the population of the country and not necessarily to the number of inhabitants that speak English in the country in question.
^2 Hong Kong is a former British Crown colony (1843-1981) and British Dependent Territory (1981-1997); it is currently a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (1997- present)
^3 Puerto Rico is, historically and culturally, connected to the Spanish-speaking Caribbean; Spanish is also an official language on the island. Puerto Rico is an unincorporated United States territory referred to as a "Commonwealth"
^4 Guam is an organized unincorporated territory of the United States
^5 The US Virgin Islands is an insular area of the United States
^6 Jersey is a British Crown dependency
^7 The Northern Mariana Islands is a commonwealth in political union with the United States
^8 Isle of Man is a British Crown dependency
^9 Bermuda is a British Overseas Territory
^10 Guernsey is a British Crown dependency
^11 American Samoa is an unincorporated U.S. territory
^12 Christmas Island is an external territory of Australia
^13 Pitcairn Islands is a British Overseas Territory
^14 The Cook Islands and Niue are associated states of New Zealand that lack general recognition.
^15 Somaliland is a de facto state, recognized internationally as an autonomous region of Somalia.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw Official language; "Field Listing - Languages". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2009-01-11.
Jump up ^ "Society". Government Information Service (Barbados). Archived from the original on 2009-02-13. Retrieved 2009-01-18.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g English usage; "Field Listing - Languages". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2009-01-11.
Jump up ^ "English is now official language of Burundi". IWACU English News. 17 July 2014. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "National Profile". Government Information Agency (Guyana). Archived from the original on 2008-08-20. Retrieved 2009-01-18.
Jump up ^ N. Krishnaswamy; Lalitha Krishnaswamy (6 January 2006). "3.14 English Becomes a Second Language". The story of English in India. Foundation Books. ISBN 978-81-7596-312-2.
Jump up ^ The Constitution
Jump up ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-01-06. Retrieved 2013-01-02.
Jump up ^ The Constitution of Jamaica (section 20(6e) ? implicit)
Jump up ^ Malawi Investment Promotion Agency (August 2005). "Opportunities for investment and Trade in Malawi ? the Warm Heart of Africa". Government of Malawi. Archived from the original on 2009-02-25. Retrieved 2009-01-18.
Jump up ^ "Nauru". New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. 2008-12-03. Retrieved 2009-01-18. English and Nauruan are official.
Jump up ^ "Country profile: Nigeria". BBC News. April 30, 2008. Retrieved November 10, 2008.
Jump up ^ "General Information on Papua New Guinea". Papua New Guinea Tourism Promotion Authority. Archived from the original on January 31, 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-18.
Jump up ^ "Country profile: Papua New Guinea". BBC News. 2008-11-28.
Jump up ^ "Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines, Article XIV". Chanrobles Law Library. 1987. Retrieved October 27, 2007. (See Article XIV, Section 7)
Jump up ^ "Primary Schools". Government of St Christopher (St Kitts) and Nevis. Archived from the original on 2009-01-03. Retrieved 2009-01-18.
Jump up ^ "St. Vincent and the Grenadines Profile". Agency for Public Information (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines). Archived from the original on 2010-11-12. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
Jump up ^ "Legislations: List of Acts and Ordinances". The Parliament of Samoa. Archived from the original on October 1, 2006. Retrieved 2009-01-18. Languages for official legislation are Samoan and English.
Jump up ^ Wong, Aline (2000-11-24). "Education in a Multicultural Setting - The Singapore Experience". Ministry of Education, Government of Singapore. Archived from the original on 2008-05-04. Retrieved 2009-01-18. There are four official languages: English, Chinese, Malay and Tamil.
Jump up ^ "Statistics Singapore - Latest Data - Population (Mid-Year Estimates)". Statistics Singapore. June 2014. Archived from the original on 5 November 2014. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "Constitution of the Republic of South Africa". Constitutional Court of South Africa. Archived from the original on 2009-01-16. Retrieved 2009-01-11.
Jump up ^ "The Constitution of Southern Sudan". Southern Sudan Civil Society Initiative. Retrieved 2011-07-09.
Jump up ^ Kingdom of Tonga (March 2008). "The United Nations / Universal Periodic Review by the United Nations Human Rights Council". Archived from the original on January 25, 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-18. English and Tongan are listed as official.
Jump up ^ "East Africa Living Encyclopedia". The University of Pennsylvania African Studies Center.
Jump up ^ "Constitution of the Republic of Vanuatu". Government of the Republic of Vanuatu. 1980. Archived from the original on 2009-01-24. Retrieved 2009-01-18.
Jump up ^ New Zealand Government (21 December 2007). International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Fifth Periodic Report of the Government of New Zealand (PDF) (Report). p. 89. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 January 2015. Retrieved 21 April 2015. In addition to the M?ori language, New Zealand Sign Language is also an official language of New Zealand. The New Zealand Sign Language Act 2006 permits the use of NZSL in legal proceedings, facilitates competency standards for its interpretation and guides government departments in its promotion and use. English, the medium for teaching and learning in most schools, is a de facto official language by virtue of its widespread use. For these reasons, these three languages have special mention in the New Zealand Curriculum.
Jump up ^ "Bahrain: Languages". Britannica Online. Retrieved June 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Living in Bahrain". BSB. Archived from the original on June 24, 2012. Retrieved June 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "[T]eaching of English continued in primary, secondary and tertiary level not because it was the official language but it became thelanguage of trade and commerce. Over the years, the prominence of English continued to rise. ... English language is dominantly present in every side of our national life while on the other hand in our constitution it is clearly declared that the language of the country is Bengali. In fact, nothing is said about the status of English language in our constitution. On one hand, economic activities in the private companies are carried out in English while there is a government law (Bengali procholon ain1987) that government offices must use Bengali in their official works. So from the government point of view Bengali is the national-official language of Bangladesh and English is the most important foreign language. But in reality English is the second language of the country and in many places English is more important than Bengali in Bangladesh." https://www.scribd.com/doc/53272796/Sucess-of-English-language-in-Bangladesh-rec
Jump up ^ English is a "Statutory national working language." Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2013. "Brunei." Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Seventeenth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online edition: https://www.ethnologue.com/country/BN Accessed 30 March 2014.
Jump up ^ Under the constitution of 1959, Malay is the official language of Brunei; but English may be used "for all official purposes." Laws are written in English and Malay, with the English version being the authoritative one. "Laws of Brunei: Revised Edition. Section 82" (PDF). 1984. Retrieved 30 March 2014.
Jump up ^ Ammon, Ulrich; Dittmar, Norbert; Mattheier, Klaus J.; Trudgill, Peter, eds. (2006). "Greece and Cyprus". Sociolinguistics: an international handbook of the science of language and society / Soziolinguistik: ein internationales Handbuch zur Wissenschaft von Sprache und Gesellschaft. Handbooks of linguistics and communication science / Handbucher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft. 3 (2nd ed.). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 1881?1889.
Jump up ^ Spolsky, Bernard (1999). Round Table on Language and Linguistics. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. pp. 169?70. ISBN 0-87840-132-6. In 1948, the newly independent state of Israel took over the old British regulations that had set English, Arabic, and Hebrew as official languages for Mandatory Palestine but, as mentioned, dropped English from the list. In spite of this, official language use has maintained a de facto role for English, after Hebrew but before Arabic.
Jump up ^ Bat-Zeev Shyldkrot, Hava (2004). "Part I: Language and Discourse". In Diskin Ravid, Dorit; Bat-Zeev Shyldkrot, Hava. Perspectives on Language and Development: Essays in Honor of Ruth A. Berman. Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 90. ISBN 1-4020-7911-7. English is not considered official but it plays a dominant role in the educational and public life of Israeli society. ... It is the language most widely used in commerce, business, formal papers, academia, and public interactions, public signs, road directions, names of buildings, etc. English behaves 'as if' it were the second and official language in Israel.
Jump up ^ Shohamy, Elana (2006). Language Policy: Hidden Agendas and New Approaches. Routledge. pp. 72?73. ISBN 0-415-32864-0. In terms of English, there is no connection between the declared policies and statements and de facto practices. While English is not declared anywhere as an official language, the reality is that it has a very high and unique status in Israel. It is the main language of the academy, commerce, business, and the public space.
Jump up ^ " English, though without official status, is widely spoken throughout the country and is the de facto language of commerce and banking, as well as a co-official status in the education sector; almost all university-level classes are held in English and almost all public schools teach English along with Standard Arabic." de Gruyter, Walter (2006). Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society. Ulrich Ammon. p. 1921. ISBN 9783110184181. Retrieved June 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ " English is widely spoken. It is used in business and is a compulsory second language in schools." "Kuwait Guide". Commisceo Global. Retrieved June 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "English remains an active second language, and serves as the medium of instruction for maths and sciences in all public schools. Malaysian English, also known as Malaysian Standard English, is a form of English derived from British English. Malaysian English is widely used in business, along with Manglish, which is a colloquial form of English with heavy Malay, Chinese, and Tamil influences. The government discourages the misuse of Malay and has instituted fines for public signs that mix Malay and English." "About Malaysia:Language". My Government: The Government of Malaysia's Official Portal. Retrieved 30 March 2014.
Jump up ^ "Other languages spoken in Maldives include English, which is also recognized as the second main language. Initially, Dhivehi was used as the medium of teaching in schools, but the need to promote higher education led to the conversion of syllabus in English. Now, English is widely spoken by the locals of Maldives." "Maldives Languages". Retrieved Feb 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Today, Burmese is the primary language of instruction, and English is the secondary language taught. English continues to be used by educated urbanites and the national government." "Languages of Myanmar". Retrieved Feb 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Baker, Colin; Jones, Sylvia Prys (1998). Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education. Multilingual Matters. p. 429. ISBN 978-1853593628.
Jump up ^ English is a "De facto national working language, used in government." Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2013. "Sri Lanka." Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Seventeenth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online edition: https://www.ethnologue.com/country/LK Accessed 30 March 2014.
Jump up ^ Under the constitution of 1978, Sinhala and Tamil are the official languages of Sri Lanka, but English is "the link language." Any person is entitled "to receive communications from, and to communicate and transact business with, any official in his official capacity" in English, to receive an English translation of "any official register, record, publication or other document," and "to communicate and transact business in English." English translations must be made for "all laws and subordinate legislation," "all Orders, Proclamations, rules, by-laws, regulations and notifications." "THE CONSTITUTION OF THE DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA: Chapter IV". 1978. Retrieved 30 March 2014.
Jump up ^ Hanani, Fatiha (December 2009). Impact of English on Young Arabs' Use of Arabic in the UAE (Master of Arts thesis). American University of Sharjah.
Jump up ^ "LANDSVERORDENING van de 28ste maart 2007 houdende vaststelling van de officiele talen (Landsverordening officiele talen)" (in Dutch). Government of the Netherlands. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
Jump up ^ According to Art. 1 para 2. Constitution of Sint Maarten Archived 2013-03-03 at WebCite: "The official languages are Dutch and English"
Jump up ^ "Associated Countries and External Territories: Tokelau". Commonwealth Secretariat. Archived from the original on 24 March 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Crawford, James (June 24, 2008). "Language Legislation in the U.S.A." languagepolicy.net. Retrieved April 27, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Alaska Supreme Court Upholds State's Official English Law". Business Wire. November 5, 2007. Retrieved April 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Arizona makes English official". Washington Times. November 8, 2006. Retrieved April 28, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-03-20. Retrieved 2016-03-18.
Jump up ^ Slipke, Darla (November 3, 2010). "Oklahoma elections: Republican-backed measures win approval". NewsOK. The Oklahoman. Retrieved April 28, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b English can be used in relations with the government
"Invoeringswet openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba" (in Dutch). wetten.nl. Retrieved 2012-10-14.
Jump up ^ "Consulta de la Norma:". alcaldiabogota.gov.co.
Jump up ^ "Sarawak makes English official language along with BM". themalaymailonline.com.
Jump up ^ "Sarawak to recognise English as official language besides Bahasa Malaysia". BorneoPost Online - Borneo, Malaysia, Sarawak Daily News. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05.
Jump up ^ "Sarawak adopts English as official language". thesundaily.my.
Jump up ^ Scottish Government. "Scottish Facts and Information". Scotland.org. Retrieved March 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ National Assembly for Wales (2012). "National Assembly for Wales (Official Languages) Act 2012". Legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved March 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ "West Virginia is the 32nd State to pass Official English". Pro English. March 5, 2016. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
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Arjun Reddy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Arjun Reddy
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Sandeep Vanga
Produced by
Pranay Reddy Vanga
Written by
Sandeep Vanga
Starring
Vijay Deverakonda
Shalini Pandey
Music by
Soundtrack:
Radhan
Score:
Harshavardhan Rameshwar
Cinematography
Raju Thota
Edited by
Shashank Mali
Production
company
Bhadrakali Pictures
Release date
25 August 2017 (2017-08-25)
Running time
186 minutes[1]
Country
India
Language
Telugu
Budget
₹40—51.5 million[a]
Box office
₹510 million[4]
Arjun Reddy is a 2017 Indian Telugu-language drama film written and directed by Sandeep Vanga, and produced by his brother Pranay Reddy Vanga's company Bhadrakali Pictures. It stars Vijay Deverakonda and Shalini Pandey in the lead roles, and Rahul Ramakrishna, Jia Sharma, Sanjay Swaroop, Gopinath Bhat, Kamal Kamaraju and Kanchana in supporting roles. The film tells the story of Arjun Reddy Deshmukh (Deverakonda), a high-functioning alcoholic surgeon who has anger management problems. Arjun is on a self-destructive path after the marriage of his girlfriend Preethi Shetty (Pandey); the film focuses on his downfall and subsequent resurgence.
Arjun Reddy was partially inspired by Vanga's life as a physiotherapy student. He worked on the script for two years and it took four to five years for the film to materialise. Principal photography commenced on 20 June 2016 at Hyderabad and took 86 working days to complete. Other filming locations include Mangalore, Dehradun and New Delhi; filming also took place in Italy. Radhan and Harshvardhan Rameshwar composed the soundtrack and score, respectively. Raju Thota was director of photography and Shashank Mali edited the film.
The film was made on a budget of ₹40—51.5 million; it was released worldwide on 25 August 2017 after receiving an 'A' (adult) certification from India's Central Board of Film Certification. Post-release, the film received positive reviews for its direction, writing, cinematography and the cast's performances—especially that of Deverakonda. It drew criticism for allegedly promoting substance abuse among young people and for its romantic scenes. The film was a box office success, grossing ₹510 million globally, with a distributor share of ₹260 million. It went on to receive six nominations at the 65th Filmfare Awards South, including Best Telugu Film, Best Telugu Director for Sandeep Vanga and Best Telugu Actor for Deverakonda, the film's only win at the ceremony. It is being remade in Tamil as Varma and will be directed by Bala.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Cast and crew
3.3 Filming
4 Music
5 Release
6 Reception
6.1 Box office
6.2 Critical response
6.3 Accolades
7 Remakes
8 Notes
9 References
10 External links
Plot[edit]
Arjun Reddy is a final-year student at St. Mary's Medical College in Mangalore, India. He is one of its house surgeons who, despite being a brilliant student, has severe anger management problems that earn the wrath of the dean of the college. Arjun's aggressive nature also earns him a reputation among his juniors as a college bully. After having a brawl alongside his friend Kamal against members of the opposing team during an inter-college football match, the dean asks Arjun to either apologise or leave the college. Arjun initially chooses the latter but stays back after meeting first-year student Preethi Shetty.
Arjun and his friend Shiva enter a first-year classroom and announce that Arjun is in love with Preethi and asserts that she is exclusive to him. Initially afraid, Preethi starts adjusting herself to Arjun's overbearing attitude. She eventually reciprocates his feelings and they develop an intimate relationship. Arjun graduates with a MBBS degree and leaves for Mussorie to pursue a Master's degree in Orthopedic surgery. Over the course of three years, Arjun's and Preethi's relationship becomes stronger. Months later, Arjun visits Preethi's house, where her father sees them kissing and throws Arjun out.
Preethi's father opposes her and Arjun's relationship because they belong to different castes. Arjun demands that Preethi must make a decision within six hours otherwise he will end their relationship. Following this incident, Preethi's parents seize her telephone, making her unable to contact Arjun. By the time she manages to visit Arjun's house, he is drunk, injects morphine into himself and becomes unconscious for two days. Preethi is then forcibly married to someone from her caste. Arjun learns about the marriage from Shiva and goes to her house in protest. He is assaulted and gets arrested for making a scene. Arjun's father ostracises him from the family home for damaging his reputation.
With Shiva's help, Arjun finds a rented apartment and joins a private hospital as a surgeon. To cope with his emotions he starts taking drugs, attempts one-night stands and drinks alcohol; all of which are unsuccessful. Within months, he becomes a successful surgeon and a high-functioning alcoholic who is feared by the hospital's staff members. Arjun's self-destructing behaviour and refusal to move on worries Shiva and Kamal. He persuades one of his patients Jia Sharma, a leading film star, to have a no-strings relationship with him, which he ends when she falls in love with him.
On a day off, Arjun unwillingly agrees to perform a life-saving surgery and collapses with dehydration. The hospital staff examine his blood samples which show traces of alcohol and cocaine. The hospital chief files a case against Arjun, who accepts the truth on the grounds of violating his professional ethics. Arjun's medical license is temporarily cancelled and he is evicted from the flat. The next morning, Arjun learns that his grandmother has died; he meets his father and they reconcile. Arjun gives up his self-destructive habits soon after.
While on vacation, Arjun sees a pregnant Preethi sitting in a park. Convinced that she is unhappy with her marriage, Arjun meets her after returning from his holiday. Preethi reveals that she left her husband days after their marriage and continued to work in a clinic. She tells Arjun he is the child's father and they reunite. The pair marries and Preethi's father apologises for misunderstanding their love for each other.
Cast[edit]
Vijay Deverakonda as Arjun Reddy Deshmukh
Shalini Pandey as Preethi Shetty
Rahul Ramakrishna as Shiva
Jia Sharma as Jia Sharma
Sanjay Swaroop as Dhanunjay Reddy Deshmukh, Arjun's father
Kamal Kamaraju as Gautham Reddy Deshmukh, Arjun's brother
Kanchana as Arjun's grandmother
Gopinath Bhat as Devdas Shetty, Preethi's father
Kalyan Subrahmanyam as Kamal
Amit Sharma as Amit
Aditi Myakal as Vidya
Anisha Alla as Keerthi
Sravya Mrudula as Shruthi, Preethi's friend
Bhushan Kalyan as Dean of St. Mary's college
Priyadarshi Pullikonda as Vipul (cameo appearance)
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
Love stories are generally plot-driven, here it is driven by the character Arjun Reddy. It is a powerful name. During college years, you get to hear seniors talk about a legendary character and that name has a recall value. These days our Telugu film titles are lengthy and are from lyrics. I didn’t want that. Arjun Reddy was thought to be a faction film. I am juxtaposing that connotation with a love story.
—Vanga on the film's title, in an interview with The Hindu in September 2016.[5]
After discontinuing his studies as a physiotherapist, Sandeep Vanga worked in the 2010 Telugu film Kedi as an assistant director.[1][6] He worked on the script of Arjun Reddy for two years and for four to five years approached producers who were not willing to finance the project until Vanga's brother Pranay Reddy agreed to do so.[1] Pranay and Vanga's father invested in the film equally. The project was made under the production banner of Bhadrakali Pictures.[6][7]
Arjun Reddy was partially inspired from Vanga's life as a physiotherapy student: "It is not my story but there are a lot of references from my life [...] Some of my medical college friends saw the film and said that Arjun reminds them of me."[1] After working on a scene, he used to wait for a week as he believed that for a film with twists and turns, the narrative would have a chance to jump, thereby giving scope for cinematic liberties. For the same, whenever the idea for a plot twist came to him, Vanga used to work on it for three to four weeks.[6]
In a September 2017 interview with Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of The Hindu, Vanga said he believed that Telugu cinema uses dialects spoken in Guntur and Vijayawada. Since he was unaware of the way of speaking in both the places, he wrote the dialogue in a Hyderabad Telangana accent.[3] He made use of words that were rarely spoken in colloquial Telugu like yaralu (sister in law) to make Arjun look "real and rooted".[8] Some of the dialogue was written in Tulu.[9] With a dark mood prevailing for 100 minutes, Vanga wanted a happy ending for the film, with two or three options for the climax. He said he "didn’t have the heart" to end the narrative on a sad note, considering the darkness Arjun was subjected to.[1] The initial edit was 220 minutes long; this was reduced to 186 minutes.[1]
Cast and crew[edit]
Vanga initially approached Sharwanand to play the film's lead role. Sharwanand was at first apprehensive of Vanga handling the responsibilities of directing and producing the project but after reading the script, he changed his mind. He sent the script to many producers, who considered the project too risky to fund.[6][10] After Sharwanand left the project, Vanga signed Vijay Deverakonda to play Arjun Reddy. Deverakonda's breakthrough film Pelli Choopulu (2016) hand not yet been released, and many were against Vanga for casting him, citing it a risky move for a home production.[11] In an interview with Indo Asian News Service, Devarakonda called the portrayal of Arjun Reddy exhausting, noting that, "I had to be constantly probing into the darkest areas of my consciousness, digging out feelings and tapping into emotions I had never touched in myself".[12] He did not have any cinematic references but watched films like The Godfather (1972), Scarface (1983) and Goodfellas (1990) to remain in an alpha male zone.[8]
Arjun and Preethi had an age difference of four years, which Vanga wanted to showcase effectively. He chose Shalini Pandey to play Preethi; she was pursuing a career in theatre in Jabalpur.[6] Pandey's father was apprehensive of her signing a film contract; the shoot delayed by five months. Pandey was firm in her decision, which strained her relationship with her father.[13] Vanga wanted her to dub for her role, to which she agreed because it would help her own the character completely.[14] Vanga conducted an eight-day acting workshop with Deverakonda and Pandey.[5] Kanchana was cast as Arjun's grandmother in November 2016; Arjun Reddy marked her comeback to Telugu cinema after Shri Datta Darshanam (1985). The producers persuaded her to join the project after a long series of discussions.[15]
Rahul Ramakrishna, who worked as a lyricist for Pelli Choopulu, was cast as Arjun's friend Shiva. Ramakrishna's career as a journalist helped him understand several dialects, which in turn had a positive effect on his performance.[16] He called Shiva's friendship with Arjun "loyal and unconditional", which gives them the liberty to deride each other at times.[17] Amit Sharma was chosen after a three-hour audition; Vanga felt he "had the apt attitude and arrogance" for the role of Amit, Arjun's nemesis.[18] Bhushan Kalyan played the role of the college's dean.[19] Tulu actor Gopinath Bhat was cast as Preethi's father.[9] Sanjay Swaroop, Kamal Kamaraju, Jia Sharma and Priyadarshi Pullikonda were cast in other important roles.[20]
Nagesh Banell was initially the film's director of photography.[21] He was replaced by Raju Thota later, who worked for 85% of the film.[6] Deverakonda recommended him; he did the clash work for Pelli Choopulu whose cinematography was handled by Banell.[b][22][23] Vanga worked on the film's sound design and worked with Sachin Hariharan of Sync Cinema.[6] Harshavardhan Rameshwar composed the background score.[24] Shashank Mali edited the film.[25]
Filming[edit]
The film's principal photography commenced at Hyderabad on 20 June 2016.[26] Kanchana joined the film's sets on 30 November 2016.[15] The protagonists' college life portions were filmed at the three heritage buildings of the University college of Hampankatta, Mangalore.[27] Other filming locations included Dehradun and Delhi in India and parts of Italy.[7] According to Deverakonda, Vanga wanted to set the film in a coastal city and chose Mangalore—mirroring his student life in Dharwad—and stayed there for ten days to finalise the locations.[28] In an interview with Idlebrain.com, Vanga said, "When you write a script, you think about a particular location. But, it scared me when we got worst of locations for some of the scenes. But it didn’t matter because our attention would be on characters. I realised that when content is clear, locations doesn’t matter most of the times."[6]
The principal photography was completed in 86 working days,[3] and was made on a budget of ₹40—51.5 million.[a] Vanga preferred long, uninterrupted takes; the pre-Intermission sequence was seven minutes long. According to Deverakonda, if filmed in conventional style, Vanga would have finished the film in 200 working days.[24] For a few scenes, Thota used a hand-held camera weighing 25 kilograms (55 lb), which adversely affected his hands.[22] The classroom fight scene featuring Deverakonda, Pandey and Sharma was filmed in a single take; Sharma wanted Deverakonda to actually hit him to make the scene look natural. He said their experience in theatre helped their performances.[18] The crew wanted to film the intermission scene, in which Arjun urinates in his pants, authentically but a delay in the shoot led to the insertion of a medical hosepipe in Deverakonda's trousers.[29]
Music[edit]
Arjun Reddy
Soundtrack album by Radhan
Released
21 August 2017 (2017-08-21)
Recorded
2017
Genre
Feature film soundtrack
Length
28:05
Language
Telugu
Label
Aditya Music
Producer
Radhan
Radhan chronology
Radha
(2017) Arjun Reddy
(2017)
The soundtrack of Arjun Reddy consists of seven songs, all of which were composed by Radhan.[30] Ananta Sriram, Rambabu Gosala and Shreshta wrote the lyrics of two songs each while Mandela Pedaswamy was the lyricist of "Mari Mari".[30] Shreshta wrote the lyrics for "Madhurame" and "Gundelona"; she composed the latter's tune, which lacked instrumental support. "Gundelona" is the debut of Sowjanya as a playback singer.[31][32]
As a part of the film's marketing, the first single from the soundtrack, titled "Mangaluru – Mussorie" (later known as "Dhooram") was released on 30 April 2017.[33] Three more singles— "The Breakup Song" (later known as "Teliseney Na Nuvvey"), "Emitemito" and "Madhurame"—were released on 19 May, 9 and 23 June 2017, respectively.[34][35][36] Srivathsan Nadadhur, writing for The Hindu, said "The Breakup song", along with "Break-Up" from Rarandoi Veduka Chudham (2017) and "Badulu Cheppave" from Ninnu Kori (2017) is an instance in which Telugu cinema "continued in Kolaveri mode too intermittently" in the first half of 2017.[37] The film's soundtrack was marketed by Aditya Music and was released at a pre-release promotional event in Hyderabad on 21 August 2017.[38]
The film's music received a positive response from critics. Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of The Hindu wrote that Radhan's music, which varies from "classical strains to more trippy beats", was one of the factors, along with the cinematography, that brought Arjun Reddy to life.[39] Neeshita Nyayapati writing for The Times of India said the songs "deserve a special mention" and that Radhan did a "brilliant job".[40] Namrata Suri of The News Minute wrote that Arjun Reddy has one of the "most original soundtracks composed by Radhan", and that "Madhurame" and "The Breakup song" are the memorable songs from the film.[41] In December 2017, Nadadhur commented; "For a film so brutally raw and honest, Arjun Reddy got its aura from its music as much as the swag of Vijay Deverakonda". He added that the heavy metal undertone matched up to the "extremities and mood swings of its lead character". Nadadhur also praised the use of semi-classical and jazzy touches in the soundtrack.[42]
Arjun Reddy (original motion picture soundtrack)[30]
No.
Title
Lyrics
Singer(s)
Length
1. "Dhooram" Ananta Sriram Nikhita Gandhi 03:01
2. "Teliseney Na Nuvvey" Rambabu Gosala LV Revanth 04:09
3. "Emitemito" Ananta Sriram Alphons Joseph 03:21
4. "Madhuram" Shreshta Sameera Bharadwaj 05:40
5. "Mari Mari" Mandela Pedaswamy Gowthami 02:54
6. "Oopiri Aaguthunnadey" Rambabu Gosala LV Revanth 04:05
7. "Gundelona" Shreshta Sowjanya 03:55
Total length: 28:05
Release[edit]
Arjun Reddy was awarded an 'A' (adult) certificate by the Central Board of Film Certification.[43] Vanga complained that the board took his creative struggle for granted. He considered writing a letter to the board asking what was taken into consideration before certification.[44] The board complained that the producers of the film had not submitted their promotional material for censoring before using it.[6] Asian Cinemas and KFC Entertainments acquired the film's distribution rights for Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.[45] Nirvana Cinemas distributed the film in overseas markets.[46] Days before the film's release, Indian National Congress party's Rajya Sabha member V. Hanumantha Rao tore promotional posters featuring the lead pair kissing each other that had been pasted on TSRTC buses. He found them objectionable and said they adversely affected the minds of young people.[47] It led the film's promoters to remove such posters across Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.[48]
Arjun Reddy was released worldwide on 25 August 2017, notably clashing with Indian films Vivegam and A Gentleman.[49] In Hyderabad, 55 paid premieres were held a day before the release, surpassing the record set by Baahubali 2: The Conclusion which had 33 premiere shows.[44] Post-release, Hanumantha Rao lodged a complaint against the film, stating that it promoted sexual abuse in colleges and substance abuse in hospitals. He also asked Kalvakuntla Chandrashekhar Rao, the chief minister of Telangana, to stop the film's screening across the state.[50] A week after the film's release, D. Nagaraju from Khammam accused the film's makers of plagiarising his script and demanded compensation of ₹20 million.[51] In Vijayawada, women's organisations held a protest against the film, complaining of its "objectionable" content that could have a negative impact on young people.[52]
Arjun Reddy's digital rights were acquired by Amazon Prime, which made it available online on the 50th day of theatrical release.[53] Star Maa purchased the satellite rights for ₹35 million. The film had its global television premiere on 21 January 2018, with a TRP rating of 13.6.[54] The film was substantially edited for in its television premiere, drawing criticism from its audience.[55]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
Arjun Reddy opened to a 100% occupancy in some areas of India, including districts of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.[56] At the United States box office, the film debuted with earnings of US$194,051 from its premieres and of US$709,347 in two days.[57] By the end of its first weekend, it grossed US$954,677 in the US,[58] and A$111,521 in Australia. Arjun Reddy grossed ₹189.8 million globally, with a distributor share of ₹104.2 million in its first weekend. The film was declared commercially successful as it earned a profit of 73.66% for its distributors.[59] Arjun Reddy's earnings exceeded US$1 million on its fourth day of theatrical release in the US, becoming the 32nd Indian Telugu-language film to do so.[60]
By the end of its first week, the film grossed ₹343 million and a distributor share of ₹185 million, providing a return of nearly 200% to its distributors.[61] After earning US$1,681,996 in 17 days in the US, Arjun Reddy became the fourth highest grossing Telugu film of the year in that country.[62] By then, it had grossed a worldwide total of ₹450 million and a distributor share of ₹250 million.[63] In its complete global theatrical run, Arjun Reddy grossed a total of ₹510 million and earned a distributor share of ₹260 million.[4]
Critical response[edit]
Arjun Reddy received positive reviews from critics.[64] Writing for Film Companion, Baradwaj Rangan said that while the pre-interval sequences were generic, the "prickly" latter portions justified both the film's title and the running time. Rangan called Arjun Reddy a film that "digs deep [and] rings true" and said it "really comes into its own" in the second half.[65] S. Shiva Kumar of The Hindu wrote that Vanga's storytelling had a "conviction and confidence probably only a debutante will have". He found the performances, especially those of Deverakonda and Kanchana, "pitch perfect".[66] Sangeetha Devi Dundoo said the film is "too raw and real to be absolutely fictional" and commented: "Hours after watching Arjun Reddy, it’s hard to shake off its effect. It’s like a hangover, albeit in a good way."[39]
Indo-Asian News Service gave the film five stars out of five, called it the "most original, experimental and daring work to come out Telugu cinema in a long time", and said the protagonist's "rise, fall and rise ... is nothing short of poetic and heart wrenching".[67] Neeshita Nyayapati gave the film four stars out of five and commented: "With Arjun Reddy, Sandeep Vanga has managed to tell a story that is seldom told, without sleaze or cheesy lines or [over the top] drama".[40] Srivatsan of India Today also gave the film four stars out of five and wrote: "Lo and behold, Arjun Reddy—the film and Vijay Deverakonda, is something that the Telugu industry deserved in the first place", and praised the "brutal and honest" filmmaking.[68] Suresh Kavirayani of Deccan Chronicle also gave the film four stars out of five and commended the performances and the filmmaking but was apprehensive of the second half's pace.[69]
Hemanth Kumar, in his review for Firstpost, gave 3.75 stars out of five and praised the storytelling in particular, saying: "There are no gimmicks, no surprises, no twists. And in doing so, we are forced to absorb the film at a more personal and subconscious level."[70] Latha Srinivasan, in her review for NewsX, wrote that the protagonist is "unconventional, free-spirited and tries to break the shackles of traditional societal norms". She said the romance is "rooted in deep emotions" and gave the film 3.5 stars out of five.[71] Giving three stars out of five, K. Naresh Kumar of The Hans India was critical of the film's pace and a few subplots in the second half. He wrote: "As a tale of a love-struck man, who falters and finally figures out what is best for him, the experiment that the director undertakes is tedious, stretching out time and again".[72] Murali Krishna CH, in his review for the Cinema Express, praised the unpredictability of the first half but was apprehensive of some emotional scenes in the second half; he found them a "serious flaw" after the intermission.[73]
Sowmya Rajendran, in her review for The News Minute, called Arjun Reddy a "great example of immersive storytelling" with a "blistering" performance from Deverakonda. She had problems with Preethi's lack of agency and her portrayal of an abusive relationship. She wrote: "What the happy ending does, however, is to validate Arjun's abusive behaviour towards Preethi, right from the time he set his eyes on her".[74] Vishnupriya Bhandaram, writing for Firstpost, said Arjun Reddy is similar to Mani Ratnam's Kaatru Veliyidai (2017) in its portrayal of an abusive relationship, writing: "Stripped off [sic] the cinematography, style and treatment, Arjun Reddy isn’t that revolutionary after all, it is still a nod to the male ego".[75]
Accolades[edit]
Ceremony
Category
Nominee
Result
Ref.
Zee Telugu Golden Awards 2017 Best Actor Vijay Deverakonda Won [76]
65th Filmfare Awards South Best Film – Telugu Arjun Reddy Nominated [77]
[78]
Best Director – Telugu Sandeep Vanga Nominated
Best Actor – Telugu Vijay Deverakonda Won
Best Lyricist – Telugu Shreshta (for "Madhurame") Nominated
Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu LV Revanth (for "Teliseney Na Nuvvey") Nominated
Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu Sameera Bharadwaj (for "Madhurame") Nominated
Remakes[edit]
Arjun Reddy is being remade in Tamil as Varma, which is being directed by Bala and is the cinematic debut of Vikram's son Dhruv Vikram, who is reprising the role of Deverakonda. Principal photography commenced in March 2018 at Kathmandu, Nepal.[79] The Hindi remake, which stars Shahid Kapoor as the male lead,[80] is scheduled to be released on 21 June 2019.[81]
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Jayakrishnan of The Times of India estimates the film's budget as ₹40 million,[2] whereas Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of The Hindu says that ₹51.5 million was spent to produce the film.[3]
Jump up ^ Clash work is a practice of hiring a junior cinematographer when a film's director of photography handles other commitments simultaneously and is unavailable for the principal photography.[22]
References[edit]
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External links[edit]
Arjun Reddy on IMDb
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