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Despicable Me 3
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Despicable Me 3
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Pierre Coffin
Kyle Balda
Eric Guillon (co-director)
Produced by
Chris Meledandri
Janet Healy
Written by
Cinco Paul and Ken Daurio
Based on
Characters created
by Sergio Pablos
Starring
Steve Carell
Kristen Wiig
Trey Parker
Miranda Cosgrove
Dana Gaier
Nev Scharrel
Pierre Coffin
Steve Coogan
Jenny Slate
Julie Andrews
Music by
Heitor Pereira[1]
Pharrell Williams
Edited by
Claire Dodgson
Production
company
Universal Pictures[2]
Illumination Entertainment[2]
Distributed by
Universal Pictures[2]
Release date
June 14, 2017 (2017-06-14) (Annecy)[3]
June 30, 2017 (2017-06-30) (United States)[3]
Running time
90 minutes[4]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$80 million[5]
Box office
$1.025 billion[5]
Despicable Me 3 (stylized in marketing and onscreen as Despicable M3) is a 2017 American 3D computer-animated comedy film produced by Illumination Entertainment for Universal Pictures. It is the third main installment in the Despicable Me film series and the sequel to Despicable Me 2 (2013). The film is directed by Pierre Coffin and Kyle Balda, co-directed by Eric Guillon[6] and written by Cinco Paul and Ken Daurio.
In the film, Gru teams up with his long-lost twin brother Dru in order to defeat a new enemy named Balthazar Bratt, a 1980s child actor who grows up to become a villain. Steve Carell, Miranda Cosgrove and Dana Gaier reprise their roles of Gru, Margo and Edith from the first two films and Julie Andrews returns as Marlena, Gru's mother from Despicable Me (2010). Kristen Wiig and Steve Coogan return from Despicable Me 2, while Trey Parker, Jenny Slate and Nev Scharrel (replacing Elsie Fisher as Agnes) join the cast.
Despicable Me 3 premiered on June 14, 2017, at the Annecy International Animated Film Festival, and was released in the United States on June 30, 2017, by Universal Pictures in 3D, RealD 3D, Dolby Cinema, and IMAX 3D. The film received mixed reviews from critics[7] and has grossed over $1 billion worldwide, making it the third highest-grossing film of 2017, the fifth highest-grossing animated film of all time and the 28th highest-grossing overall. It is Illumination's second film to gross over $1 billion, after Minions in 2015, becoming the first ever animated franchise to do so.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Soundtrack
4.1 Track listing
4.2 Charts
5 Release
5.1 Home media
6 Reception
6.1 Box office
6.2 Critical response
6.3 Accolades
7 Sequel
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
Former villain Gru is now an agent for the Anti-Villain League (AVL). He and his partner/wife Lucy are sent to foil the plans of Balthazar Bratt, a former child star turned evil. Gru manages to stop Bratt from stealing the world's largest diamond, but is unable to capture him. As a result of failing to capture Bratt, Gru and Lucy are fired from the AVL by its unreasonable new director Valerie Da Vinci, following the retirement of Silas Ramsbottom.
Gru and Lucy reluctantly tell their children, Margo, Edith, and Agnes, of their termination, but assure them they will find new jobs. Most of Gru's Minions leave Gru when he refuses to return to villainy despite losing his job. Meanwhile, Lucy struggles to adapt to her new role as the children's new mom. The next morning, the family is approached by Fritz, the butler of Gru's cheerful twin brother Dru, who lives in a distant country named Freedonia and longs to meet him. Gru is shocked to learn he has a twin. He confronts his mother, who reveals that when she and her husband divorced, they agreed to keep one child each. The family decides to travel to meet Dru, and they are surprised at his immense wealth, which Fritz attributes to their pig farm business. Meanwhile, the Minions are arrested for trespassing at a talent show set. Bratt manages to steal the diamond again, intending to use it to power a giant robot and destroy Hollywood as revenge for the cancellation of his show.
Dru reveals to Gru that their recently deceased father was a legendary supervillain, whose villainous activities are the real source of the family's wealth. As Dru was dismissed by their father as a disgrace, he asks his brother to teach him how to be a villain. When Gru refuses to revert to his old ways, Dru takes him on a joyride around Freedonia in their father's technologically advanced car and the siblings bond. Meanwhile, Lucy tries to balance her tasks as a mom, which she exhibits after turning away a young boy named Niko who had fallen for Margo in the midst of a traditional cheese festival, while Edith and Agnes stumble into a local tavern and learn from the bartender about a mythical unicorn which lurks in a nearby forest. Gru tries to convince Agnes that unicorns are imaginary, but decides against it to avoid hurting her feelings. The next day, Agnes and Edith set out into the woods to track the mythical horse, only to find a one-horned goat whom Agnes adopts and dubs "Lucky." Meanwhile, the Minions' longing for Gru motivates them to escape from prison.
Dru convinces Gru to steal the diamond, with Gru secretly intending to bring it to the AVL, which he hopes will convince Da Vinci to rehire him. Despite several setbacks, they manage to retrieve the diamond and are rescued by Lucy after narrowly escaping. After finding out Gru's true motives, Dru confronts his brother about his lie. In return, Gru insults him and decides to leave Freedonia. Bratt, disguised as Lucy, kidnaps the children, and once again acquires the diamond. Gru and Dru resolve their differences and pursue him.
With his robot powered by the diamond, Bratt terrorizes Hollywood, intending to send it into space with the use of superpowered gum. Lucy saves the children while Gru and Dru weaken Bratt's robot with the weapons of their father's car. Gru is knocked unconscious when the car is destroyed, and Dru manages to destroy the robot's core from the inside when Bratt threatens to kill Gru. When Gru recovers, he battles Bratt in a dance fight, using it as a distraction to grab his weaponized keytar, and defeats him. Having rendezvoused with Gru, the Minions manage to destroy the gum already covering the city, and Gru and Dru reunite.
Soon afterward, Gru and Lucy are reinstated in the AVL and the newly united family celebrate in Gru's home. Lucy is acknowledged by the children as their mother. Lured back to villainy, Dru and most of the minions steals Gru's ship, with Gru's emblem replaced with a "D" graffiti. Gru and Lucy decide to give them a five-minute head-start before engaging pursuit.
Cast[edit]
Steve Carell as Felonious Gru, the former villain turned Anti-Villain League agent, Margo, Edith, and Agnes' adoptive father, and Lucy's husband.[8]
Carell also voices Dru, Gru's long-lost twin brother and the girls' adoptive uncle.[8][9]
Kristen Wiig as Lucy Wilde, an Anti-Villain League agent, Gru's wife and the girls' adoptive mother.[10]
Trey Parker as Balthazar Bratt, a supervillain and former child star who grows up to become obsessed with the character he played in the '80s and is bent on world domination.[8]
Miranda Cosgrove as Margo, Gru and Lucy's oldest adoptive daughter.[10]
Dana Gaier as Edith, Gru and Lucy's middle adoptive daughter.[11]
Nev Scharrel as Agnes, Gru and Lucy's youngest adoptive daughter.[12] She was previously voiced by Elsie Fisher in the first two films.
Pierre Coffin as Mel and the Minions.[13]
Coffin also voices a Museum Director.
Steve Coogan as Silas Ramsbottom, the director of the Anti-Villain League.[14][15]
Coogan also voices Fritz, the butler of Dru.
Julie Andrews as Marlena Gru, Gru and Dru's mother.[14][16]
Jenny Slate as Valerie Da Vinci, a member of the Anti-Villain League who becomes the brand new AVL director.[14][17]
Andy Nyman as Clive, a robot who is Bratt's sidekick.
Adrian Ciscato as Niko, a boy from Freedonia who falls in love with Margo.
John Cygan (in his final film role) as an Additional Voice.
Production[edit]
Steve Burke, the NBCUniversal CEO, confirmed in September 2013 that a third film in the Despicable Me series was in development.[18] Cinco Paul and Ken Daurio, the writers of the first two films, announced that they would return to write the screenplay for the film.[19] On April 13, 2016, Trey Parker, co-creator of South Park, was cast as the main antagonist for the film, Balthazar Bratt.[8]
Soundtrack[edit]
Despicable Me 3: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
Soundtrack album by Various Artists
Released
June 23, 2017 (2017-06-23)
Genre
Pop
Length
51:14
Label
I Am Other
Columbia
Producer
Alan Tarney
Andrew Coleman
Hart Gunther
Heitor Pereira
Madonna
Manne Praeker
Marvin dM. Nitazal
Michael Jackson
Mike Larson
Pharrell Williams
Quincy Jones
Reinhold Heil
Rick Bryant
Stephen Bray
Toto Gamyar
The soundtrack for Despicable Me 3 was released on June 23, 2017. Pharrell Williams released the new song "Yellow Light" for the soundtrack, which was made available through digital download and streaming.[20] Some songs are unavailable on iTunes and Google Play
Track listing[edit]
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Producer(s)
Length
1. "Yellow Light" (performed by Pharrell Williams) Pharrell Williams
Pharrell Williams
Mike Larson[b]
3:37
2. "Hug Me" (performed by Pharrell Williams and Trey Parker)
Pharrell Williams
Trey Parker
Pharrell Williams
Hart Gunther
Rick Bryant
Mike Larson[b]
2:20
3. "Bad" (performed by Michael Jackson) Michael Jackson
Quincy Jones
Michael Jackson[a]
4:07
4. "Take on Me" (performed by A-ha)
Pål Waaktaar
Morten Harket
Magne Furuholmen
Marvin dM. Nitazal
Alan Tarney
Toto Gamyar
3:46
5. "Papa Mama Loca Pipa" (performed by The Minions)
W. S. Gilbert
Arthur Sullivan
Pierre Coffin 1:29
6. "There's Something Special" (performed by Pharrell Williams) Pharrell Williams
Pharrell Williams
Mike Larson[b]
3:44
7. "Tiki Tiki Babeloo" (performed by The Minions) Pierre Coffin 1:13
8. "Freedom" (performed by Pharrell Williams) Pharrell Williams Pharrell Williams 2:43
9. "Doowit" (performed by Pharrell Williams) Pharrell Williams
Pharrell Williams
Mike Larson[b]
4:02
10. "99 Luftballons" (performed by Nena)
Carlo Karges
Jörn-Uwe Fahrenkrog-Petersen
Reinhold Heil
Manne Praeker
3:52
11. "Into the Groove" (performed by Madonna)
Madonna Ciccone
Stephen Bray
Madonna
Bray
4:44
12. "Chuck Berry" (performed by Pharrell Williams) Pharrell Williams
Pharrell Williams
Andrew Coleman[b]
Mike Larson[b]
3:15
13. "Fun, Fun, Fun" (performed by Pharrell Williams) Pharrell Williams Pharrell Williams 3:25
14. "Despicable Me" (performed by Pharrell Williams) Pharrell Williams Pharrell Williams 4:15
15. "Despicable Me 3 Score Suite" (performed by Heitor Pereira) Heitor Pereira Heitor Pereira 4:05
16. "Malatikalano Polatina" (performed by The Minions) Pierre Coffin 0:37
Total length: 51:14
Notes
^[a] signifies a co-producer
^[b] signifies an additional producer
Charts[edit]
Chart (2017)
Peak
position
Australian Albums (ARIA)[21]
76
US Soundtrack Albums (Billboard)[22]
17
Release[edit]
The film premiered on June 14, 2017, at the Annecy International Animated Film Festival.[3] It was released in the United States on June 30, 2017.[23] This is the first Illumination movie to be released in Dolby Vision and to be in the 2:35.1 anamorphic widescreen format.
The first official trailer for the film was released on December 14, 2016;[11] with the second released on March 14, 2017.[24] A secondary trailer, designed for TV usage was released on April 21, 2017.[25] A third trailer was released on May 24, 2017.[26]
Home media[edit]
Despicable Me 3 will be released on DVD, Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D and Ultra HD Blu-ray in the United Kingdom on November 6, 2017.[27]
In the US, Despicable Me 3 will be released on digital download on November 21, 2017, and on DVD, Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D and Ultra HD Blu-ray on December 5, 2017. [28] The releases will also include a short film, titled The Secret Life of Kyle.[27]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
As of October 9, 2017[update], Despicable Me 3 has grossed $262.7 million in the United States and Canada and $762.2 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $1.025 billion, against a production budget of $80 million.[5] On September 8, it passed the $1 billion threshold, becoming the second Despicable Me film (after Minions), second non-Disney-animated film (after Minions), third film of 2017 (after Beauty and the Beast and The Fate of the Furious) to pass the mark and the fifth highest animated film worldwide of all time (after Toy Story 3, Frozen, Minions, and Finding Dory). It became the first film since The Fate of the Furious (also a Universal property) in April 2017 to make over a billion dollars.[29]
In North America, the film opened alongside The House and Baby Driver, as well as the wide expansion of The Beguiled, and was projected to gross $85–95 million in its opening weekend. It played in 4,529 theaters, setting the record for widest release of all time, beating the amount set by The Twilight Saga: Eclipse in 2010.[30] It made $4.1 million from Thursday night previews, down slightly from the $4.7 million of the second film and $6.2 million made by Minions, and $29.2 million on its first day. It went on to debut to $72.4 million, slightly below expectations and the lowest of the series since the first film, but still topped the box office and was the 4th-best opening for Illumination.[31] It also opened to more than the next five films did combined (Baby Driver's $20.6 million, Transformers: The Last Knight's $16.9 million, Wonder Woman's $15.7 million, Cars 3's $9.7 million and The House's $8.7 million).[7] In its second weekend the film grossed $33.6 million (a drop of 53.6%, more than the previous Despicable Me films but similar to Minions), finishing second at the box office behind newcomer Spider-Man: Homecoming ($117 million).[32]
Internationally the film was released in five markets on June 16, 2017, and grossed $9.9 million in its opening weekend.[33] In its third week of release the film opened in 46 more markets, grossing $95.6 million.[7]
Critical response[edit]
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 60% based on 161 reviews, and an average rating of 5.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Despicable Me 3 should keep fans of the franchise consistently entertained with another round of colorful animation and zany—albeit somewhat scattershot—humor."[34] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a score of 49 out of 100 based on 37 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[35] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.[31]
IGN gave the film a score of 6/10, saying, "It’s not much, but Despicable Me 3 is at least enough for the younger fans of the franchise."[36] Peter Debruge of Variety wrote, "Despicable Me 3 is unwieldy, but it mostly works, as co-directors Pierre Coffin (who also voices the Minions) and Kyle Balda never lose sight of the film's emotional center, packing the rest with as much humor as they can manage. The jokes come so fast and furious, the movie can hardly find room for Heitor Pereira's funky score, and though Pharrell Williams has contributed five new songs to sell soundtracks (including the sweet There's Something Special), the movie hardly needs them."[37] Alonso Duralde of TheWrap gave the film a mixed review, saying: "Ultimately, none of these flaws will matter to the throngs of little kids who have made the previous Despicable Me movies (and the superior Minions spin-off) into giant global hits."[38]
Accolades[edit]
Award
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
Golden Trailer Awards 2017[39] Best Animation/Family Despicable Me 3 Nominated
Best Animation/Family Poster
Nickelodeon Mexico Kids' Choice Awards 2017[40] Favorite Movie Won
Nickelodeon Argentina Kids' Choice Awards 2017[41] Favorite Movie Pending
Nickelodeon Colombia Kids' Choice Awards 2017[42] Favorite Movie Nominated
Sequel[edit]
Illumination's CEO Chris Meledandri has said in September 2017 that a fourth Despicable Me film is in development.[43]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Heitor Pereira to Return for ‘Despicable Me 3’". Film Music Reporter. June 24, 2016. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Film releases". Variety Insight. Archived from the original on 2017-05-16. Retrieved 2017-02-26.
^ Jump up to: a b c Wolfe, Jennifer (April 3, 2017). "Illumination’s ‘Despicable Me 3’ To Premiere at Annecy 2017". Animation World Network. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Despicable Me 3". AMC Theatres. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Despicable Me 3 (2017)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Donnelly, Matt (April 13, 2016). "Trey Parker Joins Voice Cast of ‘Despicable Me 3’". The Wrap. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Box Office: Despicable Me 3 Wins the Weekend". Rotten Tomatoes. July 2, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Franich, Darren (April 13, 2016). "Trey Parker Will Voice The Villain In Despicable Me 3". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ Calvario, Liz (2017-03-14). "‘Despicable Me 3’ Trailer Reunites Gru With His Long-Lost Twin Brother". Deadline. Retrieved 2017-06-20.
^ Jump up to: a b Nequinto, Denise (30 September 2016). "'Despicable Me 3' 2017 Plot: Gru Experiences Sibling Rivalry, Faces New Villain". CitizenOracle. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Lesnick, Silas (December 14, 2016). "Gru is Back in the Despicable Me 3 Trailer!". ComingSoon.net. Retrieved December 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Nev Scharrel Talks 'Despicable Me 3' In Exclusive Q&A!". popstaronline.com. September 26, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ Snetiker, Marc (May 19, 2017). "Despicable Me 3: Meet the mutinous new Minion". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved May 22, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Despicable Me 3". Universal Pictures. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Despicable Me 3 Trailer #2: Gru Meets Dru". Screen Rant. 2017-03-14. Retrieved 2017-06-20.
Jump up ^ "When is Despicable Me 3 released in the UK and is there a trailer?". The Sun. 2017-06-14. Retrieved 2017-06-20.
Jump up ^ "Miranda Cosgrove/Margo - 'Despicable 3': Meet the Voices Behind the Animated Characters". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2017-06-20.
Jump up ^ "Comcast's CEO Presents at Bank of America Merrill Lynch 2013 Media, Communications & Entertainment Conference (Transcript)". Seeking Alpha. September 11, 2013. Retrieved September 12, 2013. One of the real gems inside our company is Illumination the animation studio led by Chris Meledandri and Despicable Me 2, which came out this summer is the most profitable film in the 100 year history of the Universal and there will obviously be another reopening a film called Minions, which are the minions from Despicable Me next Christmas and then there will be Despicable Me 3.
Jump up ^ "‘Despicable Me’ Screenwriter Discusses Local Honor, Theme Park Attraction". Conejo Valley Happening. Retrieved July 24, 2015. We just started writing Despicable Me 3,...
Jump up ^ Reed, Ryan (June 9, 2017). "Hear Pharrell's Joyous New Song 'Yellow Light' From 'Despicable Me 3'". Rolling Stones. Retrieved June 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ "ARIA Chart Watch #427". auspOp. July 1, 2017. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Soundtrack – Chart history" Billboard Soundtrack Albums for Soundtrack. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Despicable Me 3 and Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas Set for 2017". ComingSoon.net. January 15, 2014. Retrieved January 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Meet Gru's twin brother in new Despicable Me 3 trailer". Comingsoon.net. March 14, 2017. Retrieved March 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Despicable Me 3 - In Theaters Jun 30 - TV Spot 3 (HD). Illumination Entertainment. April 21, 2017. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Despicable Me 3 - In Theaters June 30 - Official Trailer #3 (YouTube). Illumination Entertainment. May 24, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Thompson, James (September 13, 2017). "Despicable Me 3 Home Entertainment Release Details". Filmoria. Retrieved September 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Despicable Me 3 DVD & Blu-ray Release Date". 3 October 2017. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Box Office: 'Despicable Me 3' Is Summer's First And Last $1 Billion Hit". Forbes. September 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "‘Despicable Me 3’ To Own Crowded Independence Day Weekend Stretch – Box Office Preview". Deadline.com. June 27, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "'Despicable Me 3’ Now At $75M+; ‘Baby Driver’ Booms To $30M As ‘The House’ Goes Broke With $9M – July 4th Weekend B.O.". Deadline.com. July 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (July 10, 2017). "‘Spider-Man: Homecoming’ Still Swinging In As Sony’s Second Best Domestic Opening Ever With $116M-$118M". Deadline.com. Archived from the original on July 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "‘Mummy’ Leads Overseas; ‘Wonder Woman’ Cuffs $572M WW; ‘Cars’, ‘Despicable Me’ 3s Hit International Box Office". Deadline.com. Retrieved June 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Despicable Me 3 (2017)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved September 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Despicable Me 3 reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved July 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Welch, Alex (26 June 2017). "Despicable Me 3 Review". IGN.
Jump up ^ Debruge, Peter (14 June 2017). "Film Review: ‘Despicable Me 3’". Variety. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Duralde, Alonso (29 June 2017). "'Despicable Me 3' Review: This Time, Not Enough Minions and Too Many Subplots". TheWrap. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Ceron, Ella (August 19, 2017). "Golden Trailer Awards: 'Lego Batman Movie' Leads With 11 Nominations". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ Pond, Steve (July 20, 2017). "Nickelodeon Mexico Kids' Choice Awards 2017 Nominees". The Wrap. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Pond, Steve (July 20, 2017). "Nickelodeon Argentina Kids' Choice Awards 2017 Nominees". The Wrap. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Pond, Steve (July 20, 2017). "Nickelodeon Colombia Kids' Choice Awards 2017 Nominees". The Wrap. Retrieved September 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Sakoui, Anousha; Palmeri, Christopher (September 12, 2017). "In Dismal Summer, 'Despicable Me 3' Producer Delivers $1 Billion". Bloomberg. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Despicable Me 3.
Official website
Despicable Me 3 on IMDb
Despicable Me 3 at Rotten Tomatoes
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Jemima (Bible)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other people with the same name, see Jemima (disambiguation).
Job with his three daughters by William Blake
Jemima (also written Jemimah, Hebrew: יְמִימָה, Yemimah) was the oldest of the three beautiful daughters of Job, named in the Bible as given to him in the later part of his life, after God made Job prosperous again. Jemima's sisters are named as Keziah and Keren-Happuch. Job's sons, in contrast, are not named.
Jemima, along with her sisters, was described as the most beautiful women in the land. Also, unusually and in common with her sisters, Jemima was granted an inheritance by her father, with her brothers as might have been expected (Job 42:15). Apart from these brief references at the end of the Book of Job, Jemima is not mentioned elsewhere in the Bible.
Modern scholarship has cast doubt on the historical existence of the events described in the Book of Job.[1][2][3]
The name Jemima means "turtledove".[4]
In Job 42:14 (ESV):
And he called the name of the first daughter Jemimah, and the name of the second Keziah, and the name of the third Keren-happuch
Possible Arabian queen[edit]
"Jemama" (''יממה'') means "day" in Hebrew. The Christian theologian John Gill notes that Jemima may mean either "day" or "dove", the latter by association with the Arabic word يمامة yamāmah. Noting that there is a land in Arabia with the name al-Yamama, which had a queen called Zarqāʼ al-Yamāmah, he conjectures that the Biblical Jemima may be connected with the Yamamah of Arabic folklore.[5]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Carol A. Newsom (29 June 2009). The Book of Job: A Contest of Moral Imaginations. Oxford University Press. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-19-973115-2.
Jump up ^ Tremper Longman III (4 February 2010). How to Read Exodus. InterVarsity Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-8308-7865-9.
Jump up ^ Niels Peter Lemche (19 November 2015). Ancient Israel: A New History of Israel. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 52. ISBN 978-0-567-66280-4.
Jump up ^ Chad Brand; Archie England; Charles W. Draper (1 October 2003). Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary. B&H Publishing Group. p. 1254. ISBN 978-1-4336-6978-1.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-09-13. Retrieved 2010-09-09.
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Prevailing winds
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Winds are part of Earth's atmospheric circulation.
The westerlies (blue) and trade winds (yellow and red)
Play media
Global surface wind vector flow lines colored by wind speed from June 1, 2011 to October 31, 2011.
Prevailing winds are winds that blow predominantly from a single general direction over a particular point on the Earth's surface. The dominant winds are the trends in direction of wind with the highest speed over a particular point on the Earth's surface. A region's prevailing and dominant winds are enacted by global patterns of movement in the Earth's atmosphere.[1] In general, easterly flow occurs at low and medium latitudes globally. In the mid-latitudes, westerly winds are the rule and their strength is largely determined by the polar cyclone. In areas where winds tend to be light, the sea breeze/land breeze cycle is the most important to the prevailing wind; in areas which have variable terrain, mountain and valley breezes dominate the wind pattern. Highly elevated surfaces can induce a thermal low, which then augments the environmental wind flow.
Wind roses are tools used to determine the direction of the prevailing wind. Knowledge of the prevailing wind allows the development of prevention strategies for wind erosion of agricultural land, such as across the Great Plains. Sand dunes can orient themselves perpendicular to the prevailing wind regime within coastal and desert locations. Insects drift along with the prevailing wind, while birds are able to fly more independently of it. Prevailing winds in mountain locations can lead to significant rainfall gradients within the topography, ranging from wet across windward-facing slopes to desert-like conditions along their lee slopes. Prevailing winds can have differences due to the uneven heating of the Earth.
Contents
[hide]
1 Determination for a location
2 Climatology
2.1 Trades and their impact
2.2 Westerlies and their impact
2.3 Polar easterlies
3 Local considerations
3.1 Sea and land breezes
3.2 Circulation in elevated regions
4 Effect on precipitation
5 Effect on nature
6 See also
7 References
Determination for a location[edit]
Wind rose plot for Fresno Air Terminal (FAT), Fresno, California for the month of April 1961
Main article: Wind rose
A wind rose is a graphic tool used by meteorologists to give a succinct view of how wind speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location. Presented in a polar coordinate grid, the wind rose shows the frequency of winds blowing from particular directions. The length of each spoke around the circle is related to the frequency that the wind blows from a particular direction per unit time. Each concentric circle represents a different frequency, emanating from zero at the center to increasing frequencies at the outer circles. A wind rose plot may contain additional information, in that each spoke is broken down into color-coded bands that show wind direction ranges. Wind roses typically use 8 or 16 cardinal directions, such as north (N), NNE, NE, etc.,[2] although they may be subdivided into as many as 32 directions.[3]
Climatology[edit]
Trades and their impact[edit]
Main article: Trade wind
The trade winds (also called trades) are the prevailing pattern of easterly surface winds found in the tropics near the Earth's equator,[4] equatorward of the subtropical ridge. These winds blow predominantly from the northeast in the Northern Hemisphere and from the southeast in the Southern Hemisphere.[5] The trade winds act as the steering flow for tropical cyclones that form over world's oceans, guiding their path westward.[6] Trade winds also steer African dust westward across the Atlantic Ocean into the Caribbean sea, as well as portions of southeast North America.[7]
Westerlies and their impact[edit]
Effect of prevailing wind on a coniferous tree, western Turkey.
Main article: Westerlies
The westerlies or the prevailing westerlies are the prevailing winds in the middle latitudes (i.e., between 35 and 65 degrees latitude), which blow in areas poleward of the high pressure area known as the subtropical ridge in the horse latitudes.[8][9] These prevailing winds blow from the west to the east,[10] and steer extra-tropical cyclones in this general manner. The winds are predominantly from the southwest in the Northern Hemisphere and from the northwest in the Southern Hemisphere.[5] They are strongest in the winter when the pressure is lower over the poles, such as when the polar cyclone is strongest, and weakest during the summer when the polar cyclone is weakest and when pressures are higher over the poles.[11]
Together with the trade winds, the westerlies enabled a round-trip trade route for sailing ships crossing the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, as the westerlies lead to the development of strong ocean currents in both hemispheres. The westerlies can be particularly strong, especially in the southern hemisphere, where there is less land in the middle latitudes to cause the flow pattern to amplify, which slows the winds down. The strongest westerly winds in the middle latitudes are called the Roaring Forties, between 40 and 50 degrees south latitude, within the Southern Hemisphere.[12] The westerlies play an important role in carrying the warm, equatorial waters and winds to the western coasts of continents,[13][14] especially in the southern hemisphere because of its vast oceanic expanse.
The westerlies explain why coastal North America tends to be wet, especially from Northern California to Alaska, during the winter. Differential heating from the sun between the land which is quite cool and the ocean which is relatively warm causes areas of low pressure to develop over land. This results in moisture rich air from the Pacific Ocean to flow from the west, resulting in frequent rainstorms and wind on the coast. This moisture continues to flow eastward until orographic lift caused by the Coast, Cascade, Columbia and Rocky Mountains cause a rain shadow effect which limits further penetration of these systems and associated rainfall eastward. This trend reverses in the summer when strong heating of the land causes high pressure and tends to block moisture-rich air from the Pacific from reaching land. This explains why most of coastal North America in the middle latitudes experiences dry summers, despite abundant rainfall in the winter.[8][9]
Polar easterlies[edit]
Main article: Polar easterlies
The polar easterlies (also known as Polar Hadley cells) are the dry, cold prevailing winds that blow from the high-pressure areas of the polar highs at the North and South Poles towards the low-pressure areas within the westerlies at high latitudes. Like trade winds and unlike the westerlies, these prevailing winds blow from the east to the west, and are often weak and irregular.[15] Due to the low sun angle, cold air builds up and subsides at the pole creating surface high-pressure areas, forcing an outflow of air toward the equator;[16] that outflow is deflected westward by the Coriolis effect.
Local considerations[edit]
Sea and land breezes[edit]
Main article: Sea breeze
A: Sea breeze, B: Land breeze
In areas where the wind flow is light, sea breezes and land breezes are important factors in a location's prevailing winds. The sea is warmed by the sun to a greater depth than the land due to its greater specific heat.[17] The sea therefore has a greater capacity for absorbing heat than the land, so the surface of the sea warms up more slowly than the land's surface. As the temperature of the surface of the land rises, the land heats the air above it. The warm air is less dense and so it rises. This rising air over the land lowers the sea level pressure by about 0.2%. The cooler air above the sea, now with higher sea level pressure, flows towards the land into the lower pressure, creating a cooler breeze near the coast.
The strength of the sea breeze is directly proportional to the temperature difference between the land mass and the sea. If an off-shore wind of 8 knots (15 km/h) exists, the sea breeze is not likely to develop. At night, the land cools off more quickly than the ocean due to differences in their specific heat values, which forces the daytime sea breeze to dissipate. If the temperature onshore cools below the temperature offshore, the pressure over the water will be lower than that of the land, establishing a land breeze, as long as an onshore wind is not strong enough to oppose it.[18]
Circulation in elevated regions[edit]
Mountain wave schematic. The wind flows towards a mountain and produces a first oscillation (A). A second wave occurs further away and higher. The lenticular clouds form at the peak of the waves (B).
Over elevated surfaces, heating of the ground exceeds the heating of the surrounding air at the same altitude above sea level, creating an associated thermal low over the terrain and enhancing any lows which would have otherwise existed,[19][20] and changing the wind circulation of the region. In areas where there is rugged topography that significantly interrupts the environmental wind flow, the wind can change direction and accelerate parallel to the wind obstruction. This barrier jet can increase the low level wind by 45%.[21] In mountainous areas, local distortion of the airflow is more severe. Jagged terrain combines to produce unpredictable flow patterns and turbulence, such as rotors. Strong updrafts, downdrafts and eddies develop as the air flows over hills and down valleys. Wind direction changes due to the contour of the land. If there is a pass in the mountain range, winds will rush through the pass with considerable speed due to the Bernoulli principle that describes an inverse relationship between speed and pressure. The airflow can remain turbulent and erratic for some distance downwind into the flatter countryside. These conditions are dangerous to ascending and descending airplanes.[22]
Daytime heating and nighttime cooling of the hilly slopes lead to day to night variations in the airflow, similar to the relationship between sea breeze and land breeze. At night, the sides of the hills cool through radiation of the heat. The air along the hills becomes cooler and denser, blowing down into the valley, drawn by gravity. This is known a katabatic wind or mountain breeze. If the slopes are covered with ice and snow, the katabatic wind will blow during the day, carrying the cold dense air into the warmer, barren valleys. The slopes of hills not covered by snow will be warmed during the day. The air that comes in contact with the warmed slopes becomes warmer and less dense and flows uphill. This is known as an anabatic wind or valley breeze.[23]
Effect on precipitation[edit]
Orographic precipitation
Main articles: Orographic lift, Precipitation types (meteorology), and United States rainfall climatology
Orographic precipitation occurs on the windward side of mountains and is caused by the rising air motion of a large-scale flow of moist air across the mountain ridge, resulting in adiabatic cooling and condensation. In mountainous parts of the world subjected to consistent winds (for example, the trade winds), a more moist climate usually prevails on the windward side of a mountain than on the leeward or downwind side. Moisture is removed by orographic lift, leaving drier air (see katabatic wind) on the descending and generally warming, leeward side where a rain shadow is observed.[24]
In South America, the Andes mountain range blocks Pacific moisture that arrives in that continent, resulting in a desertlike climate just downwind across western Argentina.[25] The Sierra Nevada range creates the same effect in North America forming the Great Basin and Mojave Deserts.[26][27]
Effect on nature[edit]
Sand blowing off a crest in the Kelso Dunes of the Mojave Desert, California.
See also: Dune, Erosion, and Insect
Insects are swept along by the prevailing winds, while birds follow their own course.[28] As such, fine line patterns within weather radar imagery, associated with converging winds, are dominated by insect returns.[29] In the Great Plains, wind erosion of agricultural land is a significant problem, and is mainly driven by the prevailing wind. Because of this, wind barrier strips have been developed to minimize this type of erosion. The strips can be in the form of soil ridges, crop strips, crops rows, or trees which act as wind breaks. They are oriented perpendicular to the wind in order to be most effective.[30] In regions with minimal vegetation, such as coastal and desert areas, transverse sand dunes orient themselves perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction, while longitudinal dunes orient themselves parallel to the prevailing winds.[31]
See also[edit]
Trade winds
Wind speed
Atmospheric circulation
Winds in the age of sail
References[edit]
Jump up ^ URS (2008). Section 3.2 Climate conditions (in Spanish). Estudio de Impacto Ambiental Subterráneo de Gas Natural Castor. Retrieved on 2009-04-26.
Jump up ^ Glossary of Meteorology (2009). Wind rose. Archived 2012-03-15 at the Wayback Machine. American Meteorological Society. Retrieved on 2009-04-25.
Jump up ^ Jan Curtis (2007). Wind Rose Data. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Retrieved on 2009-04-26.
Jump up ^ Glossary of Meteorology (2009). "trade winds". Glossary of Meteorology. American Meteorological Society. Archived from the original on 2008-12-11. Retrieved 2008-09-08.
^ Jump up to: a b Ralph Stockman Tarr; Frank Morton McMurry; Almon Ernest Parkins (1909). Advanced geography. Macmillan. pp. 246–.
Jump up ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (2006). 3.3 JTWC Forecasting Philosophies. United States Navy. Retrieved on 2007-02-11.
Jump up ^ Science Daily (1999-07-14). African Dust Called A Major Factor Affecting Southeast U.S. Air Quality. Retrieved on 2007-06-10.
^ Jump up to: a b Glossary of Meteorology (2009). "Westerlies". American Meteorological Society. Archived from the original on 2010-06-22. Retrieved 2009-04-15.
^ Jump up to: a b Sue Ferguson (2001-09-07). "Climatology of the Interior Columbia River Basin" (PDF). Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-05-15. Retrieved 2009-09-12.
Jump up ^ Glossary of Meteorology (2009). Westerlies. Archived 2010-06-22 at the Wayback Machine. American Meteorological Society. Retrieved on 2009-04-15.
Jump up ^ Halldór Björnsson (2005). Global circulation. Archived 2011-08-07 at the Wayback Machine. Veðurstofu Íslands. Retrieved on 2008-06-15.
Jump up ^ Walker, Stuart (1998). The sailor's wind. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 91. ISBN 9780393045550.
Jump up ^ Barbie Bischof; Arthur J. Mariano; Edward H. Ryan (2003). "The North Atlantic Drift Current". The National Oceanographic Partnership Program. Retrieved 2008-09-10.
Jump up ^ Erik A. Rasmussen; John Turner (2003). Polar Lows. Cambridge University Press. p. 68.
Jump up ^ Glossary of Meteorology (2009). Polar easterlies. Archived 2012-06-22 at WebCite American Meteorological Society. Retrieved on 2009-04-15.
Jump up ^ Michael E. Ritter (2008). The Physical Environment: Global scale circulation. Archived 2009-05-06 at the Wayback Machine. University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point. Retrieved on 2009-04-15.
Jump up ^ Dr. Steve Ackerman (1995). Sea and Land Breezes. University of Wisconsin. Retrieved on 2006-10-24.
Jump up ^ JetStream: An Online School For Weather (2008). The Sea Breeze. Archived 2006-09-23 at the Wayback Machine. National Weather Service. Retrieved on 2006-10-24.
Jump up ^ National Weather Service Office in Tucson, Arizona (2008). What is a monsoon? National Weather Service Western Region Headquarters. Retrieved on 2009-03-08.
Jump up ^ Douglas G. Hahn and Syukuro Manabe (1975). The Role of Mountains in the South Asian Monsoon Circulation. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, vol. 32, Issue 8, pp. 1515–1541. Retrieved on 2009-03-08.
Jump up ^ J. D. Doyle (1997). The influence of mesoscale orography on a coastal jet and rainband. Monthly weather review, vol. 125, no. 7, pp. 1465–1488. ISSN 0027-0644. Retrieved on 2008-12-25.
Jump up ^ National Center for Atmospheric Research (2006). T-REX: Catching the Sierra’s waves and rotors Archived 2009-02-21 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 2006-10-21.
Jump up ^ ALLSTAR Network (2009). Flight Environment: Prevailing winds. Florida International University. Retrieved on 2009-04-25.
Jump up ^ Dr. Michael Pidwirny (2008). CHAPTER 8: Introduction to the Hydrosphere (e). Cloud Formation Processes. Physical Geography. Retrieved on 2009-01-01.
Jump up ^ Paul E. Lydolph (1985). The Climate of the Earth. Rowman & Littlefield, p. 333. ISBN 978-0-86598-119-5. Retrieved on 2009-01-02.
Jump up ^ Michael A. Mares (1999). Encyclopedia of Deserts. University of Oklahoma Press, p. 252. ISBN 978-0-8061-3146-7. Retrieved on 2009-01-02.
Jump up ^ Adam Ganson (2003). Geology of Death Valley. Indiana University. Retrieved on 2009-02-07.
Jump up ^ Diana Yates (2008). Birds migrate together at night in dispersed flocks, new study indicates. University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign. Retrieved on 2009-04-26.
Jump up ^ Bart Geerts and Dave Leon (2003). P5A.6 Fine-Scale Vertical Structure of a Cold Front As Revealed By Airborne 95 GHZ Radar. University of Wyoming. Retrieved on 2009-04-26.
Jump up ^ W. S. Chepil, F. H. Siddoway and D. V. Armbrust (1964). In the Great Plains: Prevailing Wind Erosion Direction. Archived 2010-06-25 at the Wayback Machine. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, March–April 1964, p. 67. Retrieved on 2009-04-26.
Jump up ^ Ronald Greeley, James D. Iversen (1987). Wind as a geological process on Earth, Mars, Venus and Titan. CUP Archive, pp. 158–162. ISBN 978-0-521-35962-7. Retrieved on 2009-04-26.
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text:
I Like It Like That (Pete Rodriguez song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"I Like It Like That"
Original version by Pete Rodriguez
Song by Pete Rodriguez
from the album I Like It Like That (A Mi Me Gusta Asi)
Released
1967
Recorded
1967
Genre
Boogaloo
Length
4:26
Label
Alegre
Songwriter(s)
Tony Pabon, Manny Rodriguez
Producer(s)
Pancho Cristal
I Like It Like That (A Mi Me Gusta Asi) track listing
"I Like It Like That"
(1) "El Hueso"
(2)
"I Like It Like That" is a song written by Tony Pabon and Manny Rodriguez. It was initially a hit for boogaloo musician Pete Rodriguez in 1967, and was one of the most influential boogaloo songs of the era.[1][2] Rodriguez released an album in 1967 with the same title.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 The Blackout All-Stars version
2.1 Background
2.1.1 Resurgence in popularity
2.1.2 Aftermath of the group
2.2 Critical reception
2.3 Formats and track listings
2.4 Charts
2.5 Year-end charts
3 In other media
4 References
Background[edit]
Tony Pabon and Manny Rodriguez originally wrote "I Like It Like That" in 1967. The recording was Engineered by Fred Weinberg at National Recording Studios in New York City, and Produced by Roulette records producer Pancho Cristal ( Real name -Morrie Pelsman ) For Roulette Records. Part of the recording used many of the musician's kids chanting "Ahh Bibi!" which seemed to add to the excitement of the song. At the request of Pancho Cristal, Weinberg delivered a copy to Roulette Records' owner, Morris Levy According to Weinberg, "Levy wanted the kids that were singing on the song removed as they sounded out of tune" , however, by that time a copy of the song was also delivered to a Disk Jockey named "Symphony Sid" at WEVD a New York Radio Station.Symphony Sid's Show had a huge diverse audience .The record had hit the airwaves at WEVD and requests by listeners poured in. At the suggestion of Weinberg, Morris Levy left the kids singing in the recording, which was a huge crossover hit reaching number 25 on the Billboard Hot 100 Charts.
The Blackout All-Stars version[edit]
"I Like It"
Single by The Blackout All-Stars
from the album I Like It Like That, Volume I
Released
October, 1994
Format
12", CD single, cassette single
Recorded
1994
Genre
Latin, pop
Length
3:49 (Album version)
Label
Columbia
Songwriter(s)
Tony Pabon, Manny Rodriguez
Producer(s)
Sergio George
The song was famously covered by Latin supergroup The Blackout All-Stars, under the title "I Like It", from volume 1 of the soundtrack to the 1994 film I Like It Like That.
The song was the group's only recording, as well as their only release to chart, peaking at #25 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States.[3]
Background[edit]
The Blackout All-Stars was a one-off musical supergroup, consisting of various Latin music artists: Ray Barretto, Sheila E., Tito Puente, Tito Nieves, Paquito D'Rivera, Dave Valentin and Grover Washington, Jr. The group was originally formed in 1994 to record the song "I Like It", the title song for the film I Like It Like That. Lead vocals were done by Nieves, while the rest of the group provided instrumentals or background vocals to the song. The song was later placed in volume 1 of the soundtrack to the film, and released as a single to promote the soundtrack. 12" and CD maxi singles were released, but the song failed to gain any popularity.
Resurgence in popularity[edit]
In 1996, roughly three decades after the song's original release, Burger King used the song in a commercial promoting their "Have it your way" slogan. Following its inclusion in these commercials, a remixed version of the song started to pick up radio airplay.[4] The song then started to climb the U.S. Billboard charts, peaking at #25 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The song's accompanying music video started to gain rotation on music video networks such as MTV and VH1. CD singles were also released. In 1997, Tito Nieves, the lead singer of the song, re-recorded the song on his album, I Like It Like That.
Aftermath of the group[edit]
The Blackout All-Stars remained one-off, despite the song's renewed popularity. Grover Washington, Jr. died on December 17, 1999 of a heart attack. Tito Puente died of heart failure on May 31, 2000, as did Ray Barretto on February 17, 2006.
Critical reception[edit]
Jeremy Helligar of Entertainment Weekly gave the song a B, saying it was a "swinging number" and that "only a hopeless couch potato could possibly not like it."[5]
Formats and track listings[edit]
12" 45 single (Columbia, 1994)
"I Like It" (Reefa! extended mix) — 5:39
"I Like It" (Reefa! 12" remix) — 6:56
12" single (Columbia, 1994)
A1 "I Like It" (D'Ambrosio club mix) - 7:03
A2 "I Like It" (D'Ambrosio dub mix) - 6:19
B1 "I Like It" (Flipsquad mix) - 4:51
B2 "I Like It" (Album mix) - 3:47
12" promo single (Columbia, 1994)
A1 "I Like It" (D'Ambrosio club mix) - 7:03
A2 "I Like It" (D'Ambrosio dub mix) - 6:19
B1 "I Like It" (Jason Nevins Turbo Beat remix) - 8:01
B2 "I Like It" ('97 Master Blaster) - 8:16
CD maxi single (Columbia, 1994)
"I Like It" (Reefa! 7") - 3:28
"I Like It" (Reefa! extended mix) — 5:39
"I Like It" (Reefa! 12" remix) — 6:56
"I Like It" (album version) - 3:48
CD single (Columbia, 1996)
"I Like It" (edit) - 4:20
"Joy/Reach/I'm Gonna Get You" (by Staxx of Joy/Robi Rob's Club World featuring Deborah Cooper/Bizarre Inc.)
Charts[edit]
Chart (1996-1997)[6]
Peak
position
U.S. Billboard Hot 100 25
U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Club Play 19
U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales 45
U.S. Billboard Rhythmic Top 40 15
U.S. Billboard Top 40 Mainstream 25
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1997)
Position
US Billboard Hot 100[7] 97
In other media[edit]
In 2016, the song was used in a commercial for Brookside chocolates, emphasizing its slogan "For All Your Sides".
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Album Review, Allmusic
Jump up ^ Juan Flores, liner notes, I Like It Like That (A Mi Me Gusta Asi). CD Reissue, Fania Records, 2006.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits (Eighth ed.). Billboard Books. ISBN 0-8230-7499-4.
Jump up ^ http://www.discogs.com/Blackout-Allstars-I-Like-It/release/1042264
Jump up ^ I Like It | Music Review | Entertainment Weekly
Jump up ^ Allmusic ((( The Blackout Allstars > Charts & Awards > Billboard Singles )))
Jump up ^ "Billboard Top 100 - 1997". Archived from the original on 2009-06-11. Retrieved 2010-08-28.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_Like_It_Like_That_(Pete_Rodriguez_song)&oldid=774615766"
Categories:
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Debut singles
Song recordings produced by Sergio George
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This page was last edited on 9 April 2017, at 17:18.
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