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Old English Sheepdog
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Old English Sheepdog
A show-standard Old English Sheepdog
Origin
England
[hide]Classification / standards
FCI
Group 1, Section 1 Sheepdogs #16 standard
AKC
Herding Group standard
ANKC
Working Group standard
CKC
Group 7 - Herding Dogs standard
KC (UK)
Pastoral standard
NZKC
Working standard
UKC
Herding Dog standard
Domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris)
The Old English Sheepdog (OES) is a large breed of dog which was developed in England from early herding types of dog. The Old English Sheepdog can grow a very long coat, with fur covering the face and eyes. Obsolete names of the breed include Shepherd's Dog[1] and bob-tailed sheep-dog.[2] It is still nicknamed Bob-tail (or Bobtail) because historically, the tail was traditionally docked in this breed.
Contents
[hide]
1 Appearance
2 Docking
3 History
4 Health
5 Temperament
6 Activities
7 Famous Old English Sheepdogs
8 Coat care
9 Dulux Dog
10 See also
11 References
12 External links
Appearance[edit]
The Old English Sheepdog is a large dog, immediately recognizable by its long, thick, shaggy grey and white coat, with fur covering their face and eyes. The ears lie flat to the head. Historically, the breed's tail was commonly docked (resulting in a panda bear-like rear end), but tailed Old English sheepdogs are now common, as many countries have outlawed cosmetic docking. When the dog has a tail, it has long fur (feathering), is low set, and normally hangs down.[3] The Old English Sheepdog stands lower at the shoulder than at the loin,[4] and walks with a "bear-like roll from the rear".[5]
Height at the withers is at least 61 cm (24 in), with females slightly smaller than males.[5] The body is short and compact, and ideal weights are not specified in the breed standards, but may be as much as 46 kg (101 lb) for large males.[6]
Colour of the double coat may be any shade of grey, grizzle, black, blue, or blue merle, with optional white markings. The undercoat is water resistant.[7] Puppies are born with a black and white coat, and it is only after the puppy coat has been shed that the more common grey or silver shaggy hair appears. Old English Sheepdogs only shed when they are brushed.
Docking[edit]
Undocked Old English Sheepdogs are becoming a more common sight as many countries have now banned docking. The Kennel Club (UK) and The Australian National Kennel Council breed standards do not express a preference for (legally) docked or un-docked animals, and either can be shown.[5][8] The American Kennel Club breed standard states that the tail should be "docked close to the body, when not naturally bob tailed",[7] even though the practice of cosmetic docking is currently opposed by the American Veterinary Medical Association.[9] It is believed that the practice of tail docking came about in the 18th century as a result of taxation laws that required working dogs to be docked as evidence of their working status,[1] but nowadays, in places where the practice is still legal, tail docking is mainly performed for purely cosmetic reasons.
History[edit]
Ch. Slumber, best in show at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in 1914, one of the two times an Old English Sheepdog has won there.
The Old English Sheepdog comes from the very old pastoral type dogs of England, but no records were kept of the dogs, and everything about the earliest types is guesswork. A small drop-eared dog seen in a 1771 painting by Gainsborough is believed by some to represent the early type of the Old English Sheepdog.[10] In the early 19th century a bobtailed drovers dog, called the Smithfield or Cotswold Cor, was noticed in the southwestern counties of England and may have been an ancestor. Most fanciers agree that the Bearded Collie was among the original stock used in developing today's breed.[11] Some speculate that the Russian Owtchar was among the breed's ancestors.[1]
The Old English Sheepdog was at first called the "Shepherd's Dog" and was exhibited for the first time at a show in Birmingham, England, in 1873. There were only three entries, and the judge felt the quality of the dogs was so poor that he offered only a second placing.[11] From that beginning, the breed became a popular show dog, and, although the shape of the dog itself has changed very little over the years, elaborate grooming including backcombing and powdering the fur was recorded as early as 1907.[11] The breed was exported to the United States in the 1880s, and by the turn of the 20th century, five of the ten wealthiest American families bred and showed the Old English Sheepdog.[1] The breed continues to be a popular show dog today.
Health[edit]
US and UK surveys put the average lifespan of the Old English Sheepdog at 10–11 years.[12][13][14] The Old English Sheepdog Club of America sponsors investigations into diseases encountered in the breed in order to assist breeders in selecting healthy dogs for breeding, and breeders of Old English Sheepdogs who are members of the Old English Sheepdog Club of America must support its Code of Ethics in breeding and selling sheepdogs.[15] Some diseases being investigated include hip dysplasia,[15] cataracts, glaucoma, entropion, thyroid problems, deafness, diabetes, HD, PRA, allergies and skin problems. There is no data on how many dogs are affected, or what percent of the breed is affected by any of these ailments. Heatstroke is also a serious concern in full coated dogs.[16] Cancer is a major cause of death amongst Old English Sheepdogs.[17]
Temperament[edit]
The breed standards describe the ideal Old English Sheepdog as never being nervous or aggressive. The New Zealand Kennel Club adds that "they are sometimes couch potatoes" and "may even try to herd children by gently bumping them."[18] This breed's temperament can be described as intelligent, social and adaptable. The American Kennel Club adds that the breed has "a clownish energy" and "may try to herd people or other objects."[7]
With wide open spaces being the ideal setting for an Old English Sheepdog, the breed is a natural fit in a rural setting, such as working on a farm; although, with proper exercise and training, they are perfectly comfortable with a suburban or urban lifestyle. Their remarkable, inherent herding instincts, sense of duty, and sense of property boundaries may be nurtured and encouraged accordingly, or subdued by their owners. Old English Sheepdogs should not be deprived of the company and the warmth of people.
Activities[edit]
The Old English Sheepdog can compete in dog agility trials, obedience, Rally obedience, Schutzhund, showmanship, flyball, tracking, and herding events. Herding instincts and trainability can be measured at noncompetitive herding tests. Old English Sheepdogs that exhibit basic herding instincts can be trained to compete in herding trials.[19]
Famous Old English Sheepdogs[edit]
See generally, List of fictional dogs
Alfie in Serpico
Annabell in Foofur
Ambrosius in Labyrinth (film)
Barney in Barney (TV series)
Barkley in Sesame Street
Barry in The Tale of Edward
Bebe in Captain Kangaroo
"Big Dog" in 2 Stupid Dogs
Boot in The Perishers
Broo in The Raccoons
Chiffon in The Shaggy Dog (1959)
Cu in Song of the Sea
Jerry in 101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure
Digby in Digby, the Biggest Dog in the World
Drooler in Krypto the Superdog
Edison in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang
Elwood in The Shaggy D.A.
Lat in The Brady Bunch
Farley in For Better or For Worse
Hot Dog in Archie Comics
Martha, Paul McCartney's Old English Sheepdog was said to be the namesake of Martha My Dear.[20]
Max in The Little Mermaid and The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea
Mr. Mugs
Mooch in Lady and the Tramp II: Scamp's Adventure
Muffin Mclay in Hairy Maclary from Donaldson's Dairy, the first book in a series of children's picture books featuring Hairy Maclary
Nana in Hook (film)
Nate in Open Season 3
Niblet, Giblet, and Rebound on Pound Puppies
Sam in Cats & Dogs and Cats & Dogs: The Revenge of Kitty Galore
Samson in Samson en Gert (TV series)
Shag in Road Rovers
Schaeffer in The Raccoons
Tiger in The Patty Duke Show
Wordsworth in Jamie and the Magic Torch
Coat care[edit]
An Old English Sheepdog in a shorter coat clip.
The Old English Sheepdog's long coat requires a thorough brushing at least once weekly, which may take one to three hours. Without regular care, the coat can become "a trap for dust, debris, fecal matter, urine and moisture."[15] Matting may become painful to the animal, such as in between the toes, and can restrict movement in severe cases. Prospective owners may be deterred by the level of care required if long hair is desired.
The preferred method of grooming involves starting from the base of the hairs to keep the thick undercoat hair mat- and tangle-free. The brushing should be started at a very young age to get the dog used to it. A hairband may be used to keep a dog's fur out of its eyes. Many people trim their dogs' coats to a more manageable length. A professional quality electric shear reduces time spent trimming. However, dogs that are being shown in conformation must retain their natural coat.[5]
Some people shave their Sheepdog's hair and spin it into yarn.[15]
Dulux Dog[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The Old English Sheepdog is the brand mascot for Dulux paint. The dog was first introduced in Australian advertising campaigns in the 1960s. Since then they have been a constant and highly popular feature of Dulux television and print advertisements in Australia, South Africa and the UK, and people in those markets refer colloquially to the breed as a "Dulux dog".
Over the years, different dogs have appeared in the advertisements, all very similar in appearance, as most of them have been selected from a closely related line of pedigree dogs. The first Dulux dog was Shepton Dash, who held the role for eight years. His successor, Fernville Lord Digby, was the most famous Dulux dog and also made his owner, Cynthia Harrison, famous. When filming commercials, Digby was treated like a star and was driven to the studio by a chauffeur. Barbara Woodhouse was employed to train Digby and his three stunt doubles, who were used whenever specific tricks or actions needed to be filmed.
Apart from Dash, all the Dulux dogs have been breed champions. Five of them have won 'Best of Show' prizes. The most recent Dulux Dog, Don, is Crufts Qualified.
See also[edit]
Bobtail (disambiguation)
Dog terminology
English Shepherd
Pastoral
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d "History of the Old English Sheepdog". oldenglishsheepdogclubofamerica.org.
Jump up ^ Barton, Frank Townend (1908). "The Siamese—Abyssinian—Manx". The Cat: Its Points and Management in Health and Disease. London, England: Everett & Co. p. 31. Retrieved 18 November 2011.
Jump up ^ Fédération Cynologique Internationale Breed Standard
Jump up ^ "Canadian kennel Club breed standard". Ckc.ca. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "The Kennel Club". thekennelclub.org.uk.
Jump up ^ "PetPlanet Breed Info". Petplanet.co.uk. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c "American Kennel Club Breed Standard". Akc.org. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
Jump up ^ "Australian National Kennel Council breed standard". Ankc.org.au. 21 November 2012. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
Jump up ^ AVMA.org Archived 25 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Greater London Old English Sheepdog Club Breed History Archived 3 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b c Clark, Anne Rogers; Andrew H. Brace (1995). The International Encyclopedia of Dogs. Howell Book House. pp. 326–328. ISBN 0-87605-624-9.
Jump up ^ "Dog Longevity by Dr. Kelly M. Cassidy, 2007". Users.pullman.com. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
Jump up ^ "Old English Sheepdog Club Of America 2009 Breed Health Survey Report" (PDF).
Jump up ^ "Individual Breed Results for Purebred Dog Health Survey".
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Buying and Owning an Old English Sheepdog". oldenglishsheepdogclubofamerica.org.
Jump up ^ The Old English Sheepdog, by Kim D. R. Dearth, Dog World Magazine, March 2001 online
Jump up ^ "Old English Sheepdog Club of America Health Website". Oeshealth.org. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
Jump up ^ "NZKC - Breed Standard - OLD ENGLISH SHEEPDOG". nzkc.org.nz.
Jump up ^ Hartnagle-Taylor, Jeanne Joy; Taylor, Ty (2010). Stockdog Savvy. Alpine Publications. ISBN 978-1-57779-106-5.
Jump up ^ Raul (10 January 2010). "The Story About Paul McCartney's Dog Martha". John Lennon, Paul McCartney, The Beatles. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Old English Sheepdog.
Old English Sheepdog at Curlie (based on DMOZ)
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An organizational chart (often called organization chart, org chart, organigram(me), or organogram) is a diagram that shows the structure of an organization and the relationships and relative ranks of its parts and positions/jobs. The term is also used for similar diagrams, for example ones showing the different elements of a field of knowledge or a group of languages.
Contents
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1 Overview
2 History
3 Limitations
4 Examples
5 See also
6 References
Overview[edit]
The organization chart is a diagram showing graphically the relation of one official to another, or others, of a company. It is also used to show the relation of one department to another, or others, or of one function of an organization to another, or others. This chart is valuable in that it enables one to visualize a complete organization, by means of the picture it presents.[2]
A company's organizational chart typically illustrates relations between people within an organization. Such relations might include managers to sub-workers, directors to managing directors, chief executive officer to various departments, and so forth. When an organization chart grows too large it can be split into smaller charts for separate departments within the organization. The different types of organization charts include:
Hierarchical
Matrix
Flat (also known as Horizontal)
There is no accepted form for making organization charts other than putting the principal official, department or function first, or at the head of the sheet, and the others below, in the order of their rank. The titles of officials and sometimes their names are enclosed in boxes or circles. Lines are generally drawn from one box or circle to another to show the relation of one official or department to the others.[2]
History[edit]
Organization Chart of Tabulating Machine Co., 1917
The Scottish-American engineer Daniel McCallum (1815–1878) is credited for creating the first organizational charts of American business[3] around 1854.[4][5] This chart was drawn by George Holt Henshaw.[6]
The term "organization chart" came into use in the early twentieth century. In 1914 Brinton[7] declared "organization charts are not nearly so widely used as they should be. As organization charts are an excellent example of the division of a total into its components, a number of examples are given here in the hope that the presentation of organization charts in convenient form will lead to their more widespread use." In those years industrial engineers promoted the use of organization charts.
In the 1920s a survey revealed that organizational charts were still not common among ordinary business concerns, but they were beginning to find their way into administrative and business enterprises.[8]
The term "organigram" originates in the 1960s.[9]
Limitations[edit]
There are several limitations of organizational charts:
If updated manually, organizational charts can very quickly become out-of-date, especially in large organizations that change their staff regularly.
They only show "formal relationships" and tell nothing of the pattern of human (social) relationships which develop. They also often do not show horizontal relationships.
They provide little information about the managerial style adopted (e.g. "autocratic", "democratic" or an intermediate style).
In some cases, an organigraph may be more appropriate, particularly if one wants to show non-linear, non-hierarchical relationships in an organization.
They often do not include customers.
Examples[edit]
A military example chart for explanation purposes.
The example on the right shows a simple hierarchical organizational chart.
An example of a "line relationship" (or chain of command in military relationships) in this chart would be between the general and the two colonels - the colonels are directly responsible to the general.
An example of a "lateral relationship" in this chart would be between "Captain A", and "Captain B" who both work on level and both report to the "Colonel B".
Various shapes such as rectangles, squares, triangles, circles can be used to indicate different roles. Color can be used both for shape borders and connection lines to indicate differences in authority and responsibility, and possibly formal, advisory and informal links between people. A department or position yet to be created or currently vacant might be shown as a shape with a dotted outline. Importance of the position may be shown both with a change in size of the shape in addition to its vertical placement on the chart.
See also[edit]
Boxology
Figurative system of human knowledge
Organizational structure
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Grandjean, Martin (2017). "Analisi e visualizzazioni delle reti in storia. L'esempio della cooperazione intellettuale della Società delle Nazioni". Memoria e Ricerca (2): 371–393. doi:10.14647/87204. See also: French version (PDF) and English summary.
^ Jump up to: a b Allan Cecil Haskell, Joseph G. Breaznell (1922) Graphic charts in business: how to make and use them. p. 78
Jump up ^ Alfred D. Chandler, Jr. (1962). Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of the American Industrial Enterprise. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Jump up ^ Burton S. Kaliski (2001). Encyclopedia of business and finance. p.669.
Jump up ^ For years people believed no copy of this chart survived, see for example: Sidney Pollard, Richard S. Tedlow (2002) Economic History. p. 18
Jump up ^ Caitlin Rosenthal (2012) "Big data in the age of the telegraph" in McKinsey Quarterly, March 2013.
Jump up ^ Brinton, Willard Cope. Graphic methods for presenting facts. The Engineering magazine company, 1914.
Jump up ^ Alexander Hamilton institute (1923) Organization charts. p. 6
Jump up ^ Angus Stevenson (2010) Oxford Dictionary of English. p. 1252
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