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To Tell the Truth
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This article is about the game show. For other uses, see To Tell the Truth (disambiguation).
"TTTT" redirects here. It is not to be confused with 4T (disambiguation), T4 (disambiguation), or The Four T's (disambiguation).
To Tell the Truth
Logo for To Tell the Truth whose use
began with the 2016 editions.
Genre
Game show
Created by
Bob Stewart
Presented by
Bud Collyer (1956–1968)
Garry Moore (1969–1977)
Joe Garagiola (1977–1978)
Robin Ward (1980–1981)
Gordon Elliott (1990)
Lynn Swann (1990–1991)
Alex Trebek (1991)
John O'Hurley (2000–2002)
Anthony Anderson (2016–)
Narrated by
Bern Bennett (1956–1960)
Johnny Olson (1960–1972)
Bill Wendell (1972–1977)
Alan Kalter (1977–1981)
Burton Richardson (1990–2002)
David Scott (2016–)
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
12 (1956–1968)
9 (1969–1978)
1 (1980–1981)
1 (1990–1991)
2 (2000–2002)
2 (2016–)
Production
Running time
22–26 minutes (1956–2002)
42–46 minutes (2016–)
Production company(s)
Goodson-Todman Productions (1956–1981)
Mark Goodson Productions (1990–2002)
Gaspin Media/FremantleMedia (2016–)
Distributor
Firestone Film Syndication, Ltd.[1] (1969–1978)
Viacom Productions[2](1980–1981)
Pearson Television (2000–2002)
FremantleMedia North America (2016–)
Release
Original network
CBS (1956–1968)
NBC (1990–1991)
Syndicated (1969–1978, 1980–1981, 2000–2002)
ABC (2016–)
Original release
December 18, 1956 (1956-12-18) – present
Chronology
Related shows
You Lie Like a Dog
To Tell the Truth is an American television panel game show, created by Bob Stewart and originally produced by Mark Goodson-Bill Todman Productions, that has aired in various forms since 1956 both on networks and in syndication. As of June 14, 2016, the show is one of two game shows in the United States to have aired at least one new episode in at least seven consecutive decades, the other game show being both incarnations of The Price Is Right. As of the 2016 version, a total of 26 seasons of the various versions of To Tell the Truth have been produced, surpassing the 25 of What's My Line? and the 20 of I've Got a Secret.
The show features a panel of four celebrities whose object is the correct identification of a described contestant (or pair of contestants) who has an unusual occupation or has undergone an unusual experience, whose affidavit the show's moderator/host reads beforehand. This "central character" is accompanied by two impostors who pretend to be the central character (or characters); together, the three persons (or pairs) are said to belong to a "team of challengers." The celebrity panelists question the three contestants (or pairs); the impostors are allowed to lie, but the central character is sworn "to tell the truth." After questioning, the panel attempts to identify which of the three challengers is telling the truth and is thus the central character.
Contents
[hide]
1 Basic rules
2 History
2.1 1956–1968, CBS
2.2 1969–1978, syndication
2.3 1980–1981, syndication
2.4 1990–1991, NBC
2.5 2000–2002, syndication
2.6 2016–present, ABC
3 Merchandise
4 International versions
5 Notes
6 External links
Basic rules[edit]
Although there have been some variations in the rules over the years (including the addition of a secondary game in some versions), certain basic aspects have remained consistent throughout all versions of To Tell the Truth. Three challengers are introduced, all claiming to be the central character. The announcer typically asks the challengers, who stand side by side, "What is your name, please?" Each challenger then states, "My name is [central character's name]." The celebrity panelists then read along as the host reads aloud a signed affidavit about the central character.
The panelists are each given a period of time to question the challengers. Questions are directed to the challengers by number (Number One, Number Two and Number Three), with the central character sworn to give truthful answers, and the impostors permitted to lie and pretend to be the central character.
After questioning is complete, each member of the panel votes on which of the challengers they believe to be the central character, either by writing the number on a card or holding up a card with the number of their choice, without consulting the other panelists. Any panelist who knows one of the challengers or has another unfair advantage is required to recuse or disqualify himself or herself which, for scoring purposes, is counted as a "wrong vote."
Once the votes are in, the host asks, "Will the real [person's name] please stand up?" The central character then stands, often after some brief playful feinting and false starts among all three challengers. Occasionally, the central character would be asked to do something else related to their story instead of standing up. The two impostors then reveal their real names and their actual occupations. Prize money is awarded and divided among all three of the challengers, based on the number of "wrong" votes the impostors draw.
History[edit]
1956–1968, CBS[edit]
To Tell the Truth was to have premiered on Tuesday, December 18, 1956, on CBS in prime time as Nothing But The Truth, but the program title was changed to To Tell the Truth the day before the show's debut. (There was one pilot episode titled "Nothing But The Truth," and the pilot / planned title, and the eventual title, both derive from the standard English court oath "to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.")
The series was recorded in New York City; initially at CBS-TV Studio 52, moving to Studio 50 late in its run. The existence of an audience ticket for a taping indicates that the show originated in color at the CBS Broadcast Center in late 1966.[3]
Bud Collyer was the show's host (Mike Wallace hosted the pilot); recurring panelists by the 1960s included Tom Poston, Peggy Cass, Orson Bean, and Kitty Carlisle. (Cass and Carlisle stayed on as panelists for most subsequent editions.) Earlier regular panelists had included Johnny Carson, Polly Bergen, Jayne Meadows, Don Ameche, Hy Gardner, Dick Van Dyke, Faye Emerson, Hildy Parks, John Cameron Swayze, Betty White, and Ralph Bellamy. Bern Bennett, Collyer's announcer on Beat the Clock, was the inaugural announcer of To Tell the Truth in the 1950s. Upon Bennett's transfer to CBS's Los Angeles studios, Johnny Olson, who in time became the best-known of all Goodson-Todman Productions announcers, joined the show in 1960 and remained through the end of its CBS runs.
On the pilot and the prime-time run, three games were played per episode. For the pilot, a wrong vote from each of the four member panel and one wrong vote derived from the majority vote of the audience (a total of five votes) paid $300, the total prize money divided among the three challengers. The studio audience also voted with the majority vote counting equally with that of one of a celebrity panelist, thus the maximum of five incorrect votes resulted in $1,500 divided among the challengers. If there was a tie for the highest vote from the audience, and for each panelist who was disqualified, a wrong vote was counted. There was no consolation prize for no wrong votes.
For the prime-time run there was no audience vote, thus each wrong vote from the four member panel paid $250 divided among the three challengers, for a possible $1,000 for a complete stump of four wrong answers (raised to $1,250 in 1967 as a premium only awarded for four wrong votes). A consolation prize of $150 was awarded and divided among the three challengers if there were no wrong votes. For each panelist who was disqualified, a wrong vote was counted. A design element in the set for this series was a platform directly above and behind the emcee's desk. The contestants stood on this platform during their introduction allowing the camera to pan directly down to the host. They then traveled down a curved staircase to the main stage level to play the game.
On Monday, June 18, 1962, a daytime five-day-per-week edition was introduced, running at 3 p.m. Eastern, and 2 p.m. Central. The daytime show, also hosted by Collyer, featured a separate panel for its first three years, with actress Phyllis Newman as the only regular. The evening panel took over the afternoon show in 1965; in early 1968, Bert Convy replaced Poston in the first chair.
The daytime show was reduced to two games to accommodate a five-minute news break towards the half-hour mark. On the CBS daytime run, each wrong vote paid the three challengers $100 for a possible total of $400 divided among the three challengers for a "complete stump" of all four wrong votes. If all the votes were correct, the challengers split a consolation prize of $75. During the show's final year and a half, for only the daytime version, the studio audience also voted, with the majority vote counting equally with that of one of the celebrity panelists, thus a maximum $500 divided among the challengers could be awarded for the maximum five incorrect votes. If there was a tie for the highest vote from the audience, and for each panelist who was disqualified, a wrong vote was counted.
The original daytime panel with Bud Collyer. From left: Sam Levenson, Mimi Benzell, and Barry Nelson. The fourth panel member was Sally Ann Howes.
One CBS daytime episode featuring Dorothy Kilgallen, best known as a regular panelist on What's My Line?, was broadcast on the East Coast on Monday, November 8, 1965, as news of her sudden death was circulated by wire services. The breaking news story prompted CBS newscaster Douglas Edwards to announce her death immediately after To Tell the Truth ended. She had videotaped the program six days earlier, according to the New York Herald Tribune. The newspaper added that Kilgallen and Arlene Francis both pretended to be Joan Crawford while sitting next to the real Crawford in a celebrity segment that the daytime series featured regularly starting in 1965. The episode was one of the large majority of To Tell the Truth daytime episodes that were destroyed because of the common practice of wiping videotape prior to the invention of the videocassette. This was a different half-hour telecast from the 1962 prime-time episode on which Kilgallen can be seen and heard as one of the panelists. GSN repeated that episode decades later.
The prime-time show ended on May 22, 1967, with the daytime show ending on September 6, 1968.[4] The show was replaced by the expansions of Search for Tomorrow and Guiding Light to 30 minutes, in a scheduling shuffle with The Edge of Night, The Secret Storm, and Art Linkletter's House Party.
Metropole Orchestra leader Dolf van der Linden composed the show's first theme, "Peter Pan," used from 1956–61. From 1961–67, the show switched to a Bob Cobert-penned theme with a beat similar to "Peter Pan," and then to a Score Productions tune during its final CBS daytime season.
Most episodes of the original nighttime run of the series were preserved on black and white kinescope, along with a few color videotape episodes.[5] Only a handful of shows remain from the CBS daytime series' first three years because of a then-common practice of wiping videotapes and reusing them due to tight storage space and even tighter budgets. Many daytime episodes (including some in color) from 1966–68 exist, including the color finale.
Reruns of the black and white kinescopes were running on the Buzzr channel as of late April 2016.[6]
1969–1978, syndication[edit]
To Tell the Truth returned only a year later, in autumn of 1969, in first-run syndication. During the early years of its run, the syndicated Truth became a highly rated component of stations's early-evening schedules after the Federal Communications Commission imposed the Prime Time Access Rule in 1971,[7] opening up at least a half hour (a full hour, usually, on Eastern Time Zone stations) to fill with non-network fare between either the local or network evening newscast and the start of the network's prime-time schedule for the evening.[7] Other stations found success running the program in place of a daytime network game or soap opera, or in the afternoon "fringe" time period between the end of network daytime programming at 4:30/3:30 Central and the evening newscasts. This edition of the show was again based at the New York CBS-TV Studio 50 until 1971, when it moved to NBC Studio 6-A in Rockefeller Center.
Each wrong vote in this version was worth $50 to the challengers; "complete stumps" of the entire panel won the challengers a total of $500. There were two "games" (actually rounds) per episode, and there was often a live demonstration or video to illustrate the central character's story after many of the games.
The show was first released to local stations on September 8, 1969. A total of 1,715 episodes of this version were produced, with the series ending on September 7, 1978. Some markets that added the series after its 1969 release opted to carry the show for another season or two in order to catch up on the episodes that had not aired in their viewing area.
To host the revival series, Goodson and Todman made a call to original host Bud Collyer.[8] But they had mis-timed their request, as Collyer had been suffering from a series of health issues that caused his death shortly thereafter, and he told the producers, "I'm just not up to it." [8] (Ironically, Clayton died the very same day the new Truth was being distributed to stations.) The next call they made was to Garry Moore, the former host of I've Got a Secret. Although he had retired from television a few years earlier following the cancellation of his eponymous TV show, Moore decided the time was right to return and he accepted the offer to host the new series.[9] Regular panelists included Orson Bean during the first year, Peggy Cass, Kitty Carlisle and Bill Cullen, who was also the designated substitute host whenever necessary. Many regulars from the original run appeared, including Tom Poston and Bert Convy.
In late 1976, during the eighth season, Moore was diagnosed with throat cancer[9] and left for the remainder of the season to deal with his illness. As he had done numerous times before, Bill Cullen became his replacement. As Cullen's time as host continued on, Mark Goodson noted how Cullen's serving as host, rather than as a panelist, hurt the chemistry he had shared with Cass and Carlisle.[citation needed] A decision was made to have Cullen return to being a permanent panelist and give semi-regular panelist Joe Garagiola the hosting position. Garagiola stated that he was "pinch-hitting" for Moore, who returned to the series for a farewell performance on the ninth-season premiere in 1977. Moore explained why he had left the program, then after presiding over one last game announced his final retirement from television and handed the host position to Garagiola permanently. To Tell the Truth ended production at the end of the season.
Johnny Olson stayed with To Tell the Truth when it moved to syndication. He left in 1972, when he moved to Los Angeles to announce the Goodson-Todman revivals of The Price Is Right and I've Got a Secret. NBC staff announcer Bill Wendell replaced Olson from 1972–77, with Alan Kalter taking over during the final season. Don Pardo, also an NBC staff announcer, served as backup announcer to Wendell and Kalter.
To Tell the Truth used three distinctive sets throughout its nine-year syndicated run. The first, designed by Theodore Cooper and dubbed by some as the "psychedelic" set, was used for the first two seasons and the first four weeks of the third; with one man on the door.[10] The second set was a toned-down set, with two additional men added on the door, and it was used from the fifth week of the third season through the first 30 weeks of the fourth. The third--and longest-lived--set, which Cooper also designed, was a blue-hued, gold-accented, block-motif set. This set was used for the remainder of the run.[11] The show was the only edition of Truth to feature a theme song with lyrics. The theme was written and composed by Score Productions chief Robert A. Israel and Truth producer Paul Alter, along with veteran theme composer Charles Fox. The bulk of this version is intact. However, the current status of the first season is unknown, and is presumed to be lost to wiping. GSN has never rerun the first season of the show, and had always begun with the second season. One episode from the first season exists in the UCLA Television and Film Archive.
1980–1981, syndication[edit]
On September 8, 1980, a new To Tell the Truth series premiered in syndication. The new series was recorded at the same studio at NBC's Rockefeller Center complex that the previous series had, and Canadian TV personality Robin Ward served as the host, with Alan Kalter returning as announcer. A new theme and set were commissioned for this edition of Truth. Even though previous regulars Bill Cullen, Peggy Cass, and Kitty Carlisle made frequent appearances, there was no regular panel for this edition. The new Truth aired for one season in syndication, but it never recaptured the popularity of the original, and aired its final episode on September 11, 1981.
Two games were played, and each wrong vote paid the challengers $100; $500 was paid if the entire panel had been fooled. No consolation prize was given if the entire panel correctly identified the subject.
After the second game, a new game called "One on One" was played with the four impostors from earlier. One fact had been purposely withheld from the panel about one of the impostors and it was up to the panelists to determine correctly to which of the impostors it applied. One at a time, each panelist would be given twenty seconds to question the impostor sitting directly across from them and would then say whether he/she believed the fact applied to that impostor. Wrong votes still paid $100 with $500 paid if the panel did not correctly determine to whom the fact pertained.
The 1980 edition of To Tell the Truth was a rarity in that it was still based in New York while nearly all television game show production had moved to California. Both To Tell the Truth and The $50,000 Pyramid (which debuted at the midpoint of the 1980–81 season and taped at ABC's Studio 15) were the last two broadcast (non-cable) television game shows to emanate from New York until Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? came to television for the first time in 1999 and taped at the ABC Television Center in Lincoln Square. Millionaire continued to tape in New York until 2013. New York tapings for game shows were then used in 2016 for two ABC primetime game show revivals, Match Game and The $100,000 Pyramid.
1990–1991, NBC[edit]
To Tell the Truth returned again, and returned to a major broadcast network, for a run that lasted just nine months from September 3, 1990 to May 31, 1991. After spending many years originating from New York, the show originated for the first time from California at NBC's Burbank studio complex. The show's theme music was an orchestral remix of the 1969–78 theme (minus the lyrics), and the show utilized the block-letter logo from 1973–78. All episodes of this series exist and have aired on GSN in reruns.
The show's two pilot episodes were hosted by actor Richard Kline with Charlie O'Donnell as announcer, and one of these was accidentally aired on September 3, 1990 in the Eastern Time Zone markets. When the show first made it to air, A Current Affair reporter Gordon Elliott hosted it, with Burton Richardson announcing and O'Donnell serving as his substitute. After eight weeks, a dispute with Elliott's former employers in Australia forced him off American television altogether temporarily, and he was replaced with then-frequent panelist Lynn Swann. Swann, in turn, left due to his own conflicts, as he was a reporter for ABC Sports at the time, and Alex Trebek was brought in to be the permanent host. Trebek missed two episodes due to his wife going into labor during a taping and Mark Goodson filled in for him. When Trebek took the position on To Tell the Truth, he was already hosting Classic Concentration on NBC and Jeopardy! in syndication. This made him only the second host, after Jim Perry, to host three nationally televised game shows simultaneously and the first to do it entirely in the United States; Perry hosted a pair of Canadian-based game shows, Definition and Headline Hunters, while hosting Card Sharks in the United States from 1978 to 1981.
The celebrity panelists for To Tell the Truth during this period included several of the '70s panel stalwarts, including Kitty Carlisle, who appeared on a majority of the shows, taking the fourth and most upstage seat. The first seat, furthest downstage, saw Ron Masak and Orson Bean alternate on the panel for 34 of the 39 weeks the series was on air. The chair next to that was occupied by rotating guests, although voice actress Dana Hill appeared in the seat most often. The third chair most often featured David Niven, Jr. as a panelist, although Masak and Bean would also sit there if both were to appear on the same program. Polly Bergen and Peggy Cass, who began appearing on the original series, would appear from time to time, and other frequent panelists included Vicki Lawrence, Cindy Adams, and Betty White. The panelists were introduced in twos, with the male panelists escorting the female panelists down the staircase, followed by the host. For one week, Monty Hall (who would later replace Bob Hilton as a permanent guest host on the 1990 version of Let's Make a Deal), sat in the first seat.
Two games were played with two sets of impostors. Any incorrect votes up to two paid $1,000. If three of the panelists had voted incorrectly, the players split $1,500. On the pilot, each incorrect vote earned $500. If the panel was fooled entirely, the players split $3,000.[citation needed]
After the second game, a new version of the "One on One" game from the 1980 series was played. A seventh civilian player was brought out with two stories, and a member of the studio audience was given an opportunity to win money by trying to figure out which of the two stories were true. Each panelist was given the opportunity to ask the contestant one question for each story, and after both stories had been presented the audience member chose which one he/she thought was the truth. After the choice was made, the contestant revealed the right answer and if the audience member came up with it, he/she won $500. If the contestant stumped the audience member, that player won $1,000.
Occasionally, celebrities whose faces were not well known would attempt to stump the audience during this part of the game. For example, Hank Ketcham, the creator of Dennis the Menace and a challenger on the original To Tell the Truth in May 1962, tried during one episode to convince an audience member that he was really the songwriter to "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer" (Johnny Marks had actually done this), but was unsuccessful in doing so.
2000–2002, syndication[edit]
The show then had a two-year run in syndication, starting in 2000, with John O'Hurley hosting, and Burton Richardson returning as the announcer. The series was again produced at NBC Studios in Burbank, California. Gary Stockdale supplied the music for this edition.
Actor Meshach Taylor was the only regular to appear on every episode of this edition, while Paula Poundstone was a regular during the first season. Following Poundstone's departure, several actors sat in Poundstone's former chair, including Kim Coles, Jackée Harry, Mother Love, Liz Torres, and Hattie Winston. The show's website touted Coles and Brooke Burns as regulars for season two, though neither panelist was featured in every show that year. Kitty Carlisle appeared as a panelist for one episode of the series, making her the only panelist to have appeared on all incarnations of this show to that point. It was Carlisle's final appearance in the franchise; she died in 2007.
This edition of To Tell the Truth brought back the audience vote that the original series had last used. Their vote was revealed after the panel had cast their votes, just before O'Hurley asked for the subject to identify themself. Each incorrect vote paid $1,000, with a maximum of $5,000 available if the challengers managed to completely fool both the panel and the audience. (A tie in the audience vote or panel disqualification counted as a wrong vote, as they had in previous versions.) In the first several weeks of shows, a game that resulted in five incorrect votes was worth $10,000 for the challengers.
According to Steve Beverly's tvgameshows.net, this edition of Truth never received a rating higher than 1.8. It was cancelled on January 28, 2002, only 96 episodes into its second season. However, repeats continued to air through March 15, 2002. All episodes of this series exist and have aired on GSN in reruns.
2016–present, ABC[edit]
ABC ordered six episodes of the show, hosted by Anthony Anderson, which taped in July 2015 and began airing on ABC on June 14, 2016.[12] Anderson is the second African-American host of the franchise; the first was Lynn Swann in the short-lived NBC daytime version from 1990. The first season featured three regular panelists: Betty White, NeNe Leakes and Jalen Rose.[13] White would then gain the distinction of appearing on all three broadcast network versions of the show.[not in citation given] Guest panelists included Tracee Ellis Ross, Iliza Shlesinger, Mike Tyson, Brooks Wheelan, Yvette Nicole Brown, and Daymond John.[14] The 2016 version also included a house band, Cheche and His Band of Liars, as well as Doris Day Bowman, Anderson's mother, as the "scorekeeper."[13]
The 2016 version of the show departed from prior versions in a number of ways: Episodes lasted 60 minutes rather than 30 minutes. Contestants did not always claim to have the same name; some introduced themselves solely by claiming the central character's story. The questioning period was not split distinctly among the panelists, and Anderson and Bowman occasionally participated in the questioning. Once in each episode, the two impostors from a round participated in "Before You Go," a second round in which one was the central character and the other was again an impostor.[citation needed] Many episodes ended with a stunt performed by one of the central characters.[13] The panelists received one point for correctly identifying central characters, except in the final round, for which two points were awarded. While no mention was made of financial compensation for the impostors or the central characters, the losing panelist {in the event of a tie, Bowman chooses the loser) was subjected to "Tweet a Lie," in which the host would post a tweet to that panelist's Twitter account that was not permitted to be deleted for the next 24 hours. Starting with the September 11, 2017 episode, the number of points was multiplied by ten and doubled in the final round, and the losing panelist was the subject of a "Fake News" story read by Anderson. Also starting with this episode, Anderson took over announcing duties and the set was given some updates.
On August 4, 2016, ABC announced it had renewed the show for a second season.[15] The second season debuted January 1, 2017. The house band was eliminated, and of the season one regular panelists, only Rose had returned for one appearance to date; Bowman still appeared on each episode.[16] The second season resumed, with new episodes, beginning June 21, 2017.
ABC mentioned that the show would air on Sundays beginning in the fall. It was then decided that Spring 2018 would be the start of a third season of the show.[17] The celebrity panelists include Octavia Spencer, Gabby Douglas, and Dermot Mulroney.
Merchandise[edit]
A board game was released by Lowell in 1957.
During the run of the 2000 version, a single-player on-line game was offered by the short-lived website Uproar.com, and promoted by John O'Hurley at the end of each episode.
A video slot machine game, based on the 1969 version, was released to American casinos nationwide by Bally Gaming Systems in 2002.
International versions[edit]
Country
Name
Host(s)
TV station
Premiere
Finale
Australia Tell the Truth George Foster Nine Network 1959 1965
Mike Williamson
Earle Bailey Network Ten 1971 1972
Canada (in English) To Tell the Truth Don Cameron CTV 1962 1964
Germany Sag die Wahrheit
("Tell the Truth") Guido Baumann
Hans Sachs
Wolf Mittler
Hans Stotz
Bernd Stephan
Gerd Rubenbauer
Michael Antwerpes ARD 1959 1971
Bayerischer Rundfunk 1986 1995
SWR 2003 present
Greece Betty Livanou YENED 1972
Italy La verità
("The Truth") Marco Balestri Canale 5 1990 1991
Rete 4 1991 1995
Netherlands Wie van de Drie
("Which of the Three") Nand Baert
Pim Jacobs
Emmik Herman
Flip van der Shale
Fred Oster
Caroline Christensen
Rob van Hilst
Jos Kuijer
Joop Braakhekke
Ron Brandsteder AVRO 1963 1985
RTL4 1991 1991
AVRO 1994 1997
Omroep MAX 2010 present
Norway På ære og samvittighet
(of Honor) Kari Borg Mannsåker
Gunnar Haarberg NRK 1958 1962
1970 1970
1986 1986
Thailand สาบานว่าพูดจริง ("Sworn Truth")
To Tell the Truth Sunya Kunakon ONE 2016 present
Turkey Üç Yalancı (Three Liars) Cenk Koray
Olcay Poyraz
Üstün Savcı
Göktay Alpman TRT 1970s 1970s
Channel 1
Ukraine Самозванці
Samozvantsi
("Imposters") Anton Lirnyk ICTV 2011 2012
United Kingdom Tell the Truth McDonald Hobley ITV September 17, 1957 September 6, 1961
David Jacobs
Shaw Taylor
Graeme Garden Channel 4 April 17, 1983 November 22, 1985
Fred Dinenage ITV April 11, 1989 October 26, 1990
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/Archive-BC-IDX/69-OCR/1969-03-17-BC-OCR-Page-0041.pdf#search=%22firestone%20truth%22
Jump up ^ http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/Archive-BC-IDX/80-OCR/1980-03-31-BC-OCR-Page-0033.pdf#search=%22to%20tell%20the%20truth%22
Jump up ^ "Image #9 - The David Schwartz Collection". Retrieved 21 April 2016.
Jump up ^ "Book Search:Watching TV: Four Decades of American Television". Google Books.
Jump up ^ "The G-T Big 4: To Tell the Truth (CBS Nighttime)" Retrieved 3 July 2007
Jump up ^ "Monty Hall makes 'Deal' for classic games". USA TODAY. 1 June 2015. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Prime Time Access Rule" Retrieved 24 September 2007
^ Jump up to: a b Soap Opera Digest: January 1977
^ Jump up to: a b "Garry Moore, 78, the Cheery Host Of Long-Running TV Series, Dies". New York Times. 1993-11-29. Retrieved 2007-12-18.
Jump up ^ "To Tell The Truth episode guide (1971–72)". Archived from the original on February 24, 2006. Retrieved 2017-06-19. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ "The result of the sliding doors are similar to the sliding doors on The Price is Right. To Tell The Truth episode guide (1972–73)". Archived from the original on February 24, 2006. Retrieved 2017-06-19. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ "Breaking News - ABC Announces Its 2016 Summer Primetime Schedule". thefutoncritic.com. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
^ Jump up to: a b c Kissell, Rick (July 1, 2015). "ABC to Revive ‘To Tell the Truth’ as Comedic Game/Variety Show". Variety. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Shows A–Z – to tell the truth on abc". The Futon Critic. Retrieved June 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (August 4, 2016). "ABC Renews All Four Game Shows". Deadline.com. Retrieved August 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ Davis, Alex (November 17, 2016). "Match Game and To Tell the Truth to Return In January". Buzzerblog.com. Retrieved November 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ "ABC's 2017-2018 Fall TV Lineup: Everything You Need to Know". TVGuide.com. 2017-05-12. Retrieved 2017-06-02.
External links[edit]
To Tell the Truth @ pearsontv.com
To Tell the Truth (O'Hurley era) site
To Tell the Truth (Anderson era) site
To Tell the Truth on the Web offers a look at the various versions over the years. It also contains an episode guide for the 1990-91 and 2000-02 series.
To Tell the Truth (1956–68) on IMDb
To Tell the Truth (1969–78) on IMDb
To Tell the Truth (1980–81) on IMDb
To Tell the Truth (1990–91) on IMDb
To Tell the Truth (2000–2002) on IMDb
To Tell the Truth (2016–) on IMDb
To Tell the Truth-related interview videos at the Archive of American Television
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Period 7 element
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Period 7 in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
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A period 7 element is one of the chemical elements in the seventh row (or period) of the periodic table of the chemical elements. The periodic table is laid out in rows to illustrate recurring (periodic) trends in the chemical behaviour of the elements as their atomic number increases: a new row is begun when chemical behaviour begins to repeat, meaning that elements with similar behaviour fall into the same vertical columns. The seventh period contains 32 elements, tied for the most with period 6, beginning with francium and ending with oganesson, the heaviest element currently discovered. As a rule, period 7 elements fill their 7s shells first, then their 5f, 6d, and 7p shells, in that order; however, there are exceptions, such as plutonium.
Contents
[hide]
1 Properties
2 Elements
3 Francium and radium
4 Actinides
5 Transactinides
6 Notes
7 References
Properties[edit]
All elements of period 7 are radioactive. This period contains the actinides, which contains the heaviest naturally occurring element, plutonium; subsequent elements must be synthesized artificially. Whilst the first five of these are now available in macroscopic quantities, most are extremely rare, having only been prepared in microgram amounts or less. The later, transactinide elements have only been identified in laboratories in batches of a few atoms at a time.
Although the rarity of many of these elements means that experimental results are not very extensive, their periodic and group trends are less well defined than other periods. Whilst francium and radium do show typical properties of their respective groups, actinides display a much greater variety of behaviour and oxidation states than the lanthanides. These peculiarities are due to a variety of factors, including a large degree of spin-orbit coupling and relativistic effects, ultimately caused by the very high positive electrical charge from their massive atomic nuclei.
Elements[edit]
Chemical element
Chemical series
Electron configuration
Occurrence
87 Fr Francium Alkali metal [Rn] 7s1 From decay
88 Ra Radium Alkaline earth metal [Rn] 7s2 From decay
89 Ac Actinium Actinide [Rn] 6d1 7s2 From decay
90 Th Thorium Actinide [Rn] 6d2 7s2 (*) Primordial
91 Pa Protactinium Actinide [Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2 From decay
92 U Uranium Actinide [Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2 Primordial
93 Np Neptunium Actinide [Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2 From decay
94 Pu Plutonium Actinide [Rn] 5f6 7s2 (*) From decay
95 Am Americium Actinide [Rn] 5f7 7s2 (*) Synthetic
96 Cm Curium Actinide [Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2 Synthetic
97 Bk Berkelium Actinide [Rn] 5f9 7s2 (*) Synthetic
98 Cf Californium Actinide [Rn] 5f10 7s2 (*) Synthetic
99 Es Einsteinium Actinide [Rn] 5f11 7s2 (*) Synthetic
100 Fm Fermium Actinide [Rn] 5f12 7s2 (*) Synthetic
101 Md Mendelevium Actinide [Rn] 5f13 7s2 (*) Synthetic
102 No Nobelium Actinide [Rn] 5f14 7s2 (*) Synthetic
103 Lr Lawrencium Actinide [Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1 (*) Synthetic
104 Rf Rutherfordium Transition metal [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2 Synthetic
105 Db Dubnium Transition metal [Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2 Synthetic
106 Sg Seaborgium Transition metal [Rn] 5f14 6d4 7s2 Synthetic
107 Bh Bohrium Transition metal [Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2 Synthetic
108 Hs Hassium Transition metal [Rn] 5f14 6d6 7s2 Synthetic
109 Mt Meitnerium Transition metal (?) [Rn] 5f14 6d7 7s2 (?) Synthetic
110 Ds Darmstadtium Transition metal (?) [Rn] 5f14 6d8 7s2 (?) Synthetic
111 Rg Roentgenium Transition metal (?) [Rn] 5f14 6d9 7s2 (?) Synthetic
112 Cn Copernicium Post-transition metal [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 (?) Synthetic
113 Nh Nihonium Post-transition metal (?) [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p1 (?) Synthetic
114 Fl Flerovium Post-transition metal (?) [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p2 (?) Synthetic
115 Mc Moscovium Post-transition metal (?) [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p3 (?) Synthetic
116 Lv Livermorium Post-transition metal (?) [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4 (?) Synthetic
117 Ts Tennessine Post-transition metal (?) [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p5 (?) Synthetic
118 Og Oganesson Noble gas (?) [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p6 (?) Synthetic
(?) Prediction
(*) Exception to the Madelung rule.
Francium and radium[edit]
Main articles: Francium and Radium
Francium and radium make up the s-block elements of the 7th period.
Francium is a chemical element with symbol Fr and atomic number 87. It was formerly known as eka-caesium and actinium K.[note 1] It is one of the two least electronegative elements, the other being caesium. Francium is a highly radioactive metal that decays into astatine, radium, and radon. As an alkali metal, it has one valence electron. Francium was discovered by Marguerite Perey in France (from which the element takes its name) in 1939. It was the last element discovered in nature, rather than by synthesis.[note 2] Outside the laboratory, francium is extremely rare, with trace amounts found in uranium and thorium ores, where the isotope francium-223 continually forms and decays. As little as 20–30 g (one ounce) exists at any given time throughout the Earth's crust; the other isotopes are entirely synthetic. The largest amount produced in the laboratory was a cluster of more than 300,000 atoms.[1]
Radium is a chemical element with atomic number 88, represented by the symbol Ra. Radium is an almost pure-white alkaline earth metal, but it readily oxidizes on exposure to air, becoming black in color. All isotopes of radium are highly radioactive, with the most stable isotope being radium-226, which has a half-life of 1601 years and decays into radon gas. Because of such instability, radium is luminescent, glowing a faint blue. Radium, in the form of radium chloride, was discovered by Marie Skłodowska-Curie and Pierre Curie in 1898. They extracted the radium compound from uraninite and published the discovery at the French Academy of Sciences five days later. Radium was isolated in its metallic state by Marie Curie and André-Louis Debierne through the electrolysis of radium chloride in 1910. Since its discovery, it has given names likeradium A and radium C2 to several isotopes of other elements that are decay products of radium-226. In nature, radium is found in uranium ores in trace amounts as small as a seventh of a gram per ton of uraninite. Radium is not necessary for living organisms, and adverse health effects are likely when it is incorporated into biochemical processes because of its radioactivity and chemical reactivity.
Actinides[edit]
Main article: Actinide
The atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki had a plutonium charge.[2]
The actinide or actinoid (IUPAC nomenclature) series encompasses the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers from 89 to 103, actinium through lawrencium.[3][4][5][6]
The actinide series derives its name from the group 3 element actinium. All but one of the actinides are f-block elements, corresponding to the filling of the 5f electron shell; actinium, a d-block element, is also generally considered an actinide. In comparison with the lanthanides, also mostly f-block elements, the actinides show much more variable valence.
Of the actinides, thorium and uranium occur naturally in substantial, primordial, quantities. The radioactive decay of uranium produces transient amounts of actinium, protactinium and plutonium, and atoms of neptunium are occasionally produced from transmutation reactions in uranium ores. The other actinides are purely synthetic elements, although the first six actinides after plutonium would have been produced during the Oklo phenomenon (and long since decayed away), and curium almost certainly previously existed in nature as an extinct radionuclide.[3][7] Nuclear weapons tests have released at least six actinides heavier than plutonium into the environment; analysis of debris from a 1952 hydrogen bomb explosion showed the presence of americium, curium, berkelium, californium, einsteinium and fermium.[8]
All actinides are radioactive and release energy upon radioactive decay; naturally occurring uranium and thorium, and synthetically produced plutonium are the most abundant actinides on Earth. These are used in nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons. Uranium and thorium also have diverse current or historical uses, and americium is used in the ionization chambers of most modern smoke detectors.
In presentations of the periodic table, the lanthanides and the actinides are customarily shown as two additional rows below the main body of the table,[3] with placeholders or else a selected single element of each series (either lanthanum or lutetium, and either actinium or lawrencium, respectively) shown in a single cell of the main table, between barium and hafnium, and radium and rutherfordium, respectively. This convention is entirely a matter of aesthetics and formatting practicality; a rarely used wide-formatted periodic table (32 columns) shows the lanthanide and actinide series in their proper columns, as parts of the table's sixth and seventh rows (periods).
Transactinides[edit]
Main article: Transactinide elements
Transactinide elements (also, transactinides, or super-heavy elements) are the chemical elements with atomic numbers greater than those of the actinides, the heaviest of which is lawrencium (103).[9][10] All transactinides of period 7 have been discovered, up to oganesson (element 118).
Transactinide elements are also transuranic elements, that is, have an atomic number greater than that of uranium (92), an actinide. The further distinction of having an atomic number greater than the actinides is significant in several ways:
The transactinide elements all have electrons in the 6d subshell in their ground state (and thus are placed in the d-block).
Except for the first two transactinides, rutherfordium and dubnium, even the longest-lasting isotopes of transactinide elements have extremely short half-lives, measured in seconds, or smaller units.
The element naming controversy involved the first five or six transactinide elements. These elements thus used three-letter systematic names for many years after their discovery had been confirmed. (Usually the three-letter symbols are replaced with two-letter symbols relatively shortly after a discovery has been confirmed.)
Transactinides are radioactive and have only been obtained synthetically in laboratories. None of these elements has ever been collected in a macroscopic sample. Transactinide elements are all named after nuclear physicists and chemists or important locations involved in the synthesis of the elements.
Chemistry Nobel Prize winner Glenn T. Seaborg who first proposed the actinide concept which led to the acceptance of the actinide series also proposed the existence of a transactinide series ranging from element 104 to 121 and a superactinide series approximately spanning elements 122 to 153. The transactinide seaborgium is named in his honor.
IUPAC defines an element to exist if its lifetime is longer than 10−14 seconds, the time needed for the nucleus to form an electronic cloud.[11]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Actually the least unstable isotope, francium-223
Jump up ^ Some synthetic elements, like technetium, have later been found in nature.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Luis A. Orozco (2003). "Francium". Chemical and Engineering News.
Jump up ^ The Manhattan Project. An Interactive History. US Department of Energy
^ Jump up to: a b c Gray, Theodore (2009). The Elements: A Visual Exploration of Every Known Atom in the Universe. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. p. 240. ISBN 978-1-57912-814-2.
Jump up ^ Actinide element, Encyclopædia Britannica on-line
Jump up ^ Although "actinoid" (rather than "actinide") means "actinium-like" and therefore should exclude actinium, that element it is usually included in the series.
Jump up ^ Connelly, Neil G.; et al. (2005). "Elements". Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry. London: Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 52. ISBN 0-85404-438-8.
Jump up ^ Greenwood, p. 1250
Jump up ^ Fields, P.; Studier, M.; Diamond, H.; Mech, J.; Inghram, M.; Pyle, G.; Stevens, C.; Fried, S.; Manning, W. (1956). "Transplutonium Elements in Thermonuclear Test Debris". Physical Review. 102 (1): 180. Bibcode:1956PhRv..102..180F. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.102.180.
Jump up ^ IUPAC Provisional Recommendations for the Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (2004) Archived 2006-10-27 at the Wayback Machine. (online draft of an updated version of the "Red Book" IR 3–6)
Jump up ^ Morss, Lester R.; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean, eds. (2006). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5.
Jump up ^ http://www.kernchemie.de/Transactinides/Transactinide-2/transactinide-2.html
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Prisons in California
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
San Quentin State Prison
The California State Prison System is administered by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation Division of Adult Institutions, which had 136,000 inmates as of 2014.[1] The state of California also relies on private and leased prisons. The number of California prisoners in private out of state facilities is around 8,763 and 4,170 are housed in leased facilities within the state.[2] The Corrections Corporation of America leases the California City Correctional Center.[3] The GEO Group is another private owner of facilities in California, such as the Golden State Modified Community Correctional Facility.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Prison growth and overcrowding
3 Conditions
4 Prison spending
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Background[edit]
The California system has been the origin of many trends in prison conditions within the United States as a whole. The state's large and diverse population, large size, large urban areas, high rates of violent crime, criminal street gangs, tough sentencing laws and its status as an entry point to the U.S. for both immigrants and drugs has given California a large and complex prison environment. California prisons are overcrowded, with a number of facilities holding more than 200% of their design capacity.
The system lacks a racial/ethnic majority among the population. In 2010, according to a California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation report, Hispanic inmates made up 39.8% of the population, African American inmates 28.9%, and white inmates 25.2%, with 6.1% classified as "other."[5] Prisoner identification and affiliation is tied closely to race and region of the state, which has contributed to tension and violence. There has been a long running racial tension between African American and Southern Mexican American prison gangs and significant riots in California prisons where Mexican inmates and African Americans have targeted each other particularly, based on racial reasons.[6] California is the birthplace of the United States' most powerful and well-known prison gangs, including the Aryan Brotherhood, Mexican Mafia, Nuestra Familia, and the Black Guerrilla Family. State efforts against these gangs made California a pioneer in the development of Security Housing Unit "supermax" control-unit facilities.
Due to the overcrowding in the California prisons, The state of California was sued and now has to comply with federal court-imposed population cap.[7] The overcrowded conditions and accusations of inadequate medical facilities and mistreatment have caused the federal courts to intervene in the system's operation since the 1990s, appointing special oversight and enforcing consent decrees over the system's medical system and the SHU units and capping populations at several facilities. As of 2007, by order of federal courts, the system's medical system is under federal receivership, and a federal court may impose a mandatory limit on the system's total population by June 2007.
Prison growth and overcrowding[edit]
The California incarceration rate has ranged from about 0.1% of the population to about 0.5%.
From 1982 to 2000, California's prison population increased 500%. To accommodate this population growth, the state of California built 23 new prisons at a cost of $280 million to $350 million apiece. California's prisons are public and are financed by the Public Works Department and operated by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. In 2015, California had a prison population of 129,593, which was lower than the peak prison population of 173,942 in 2006.[8] Beginning in 2006, when the prison population in California was at its peak, the state used out-of-state facilities to house inmates.[9] California's prison population in 2015 made up roughly 9.74% of the United States' total prison population, making up the second largest contribution to the country's prison population (second to Texas which contributed 12.32%).[8] The state funds the prison system's annual costs. In 2005 the state rate of incarceration was 616 per 100,000 adults, or about .6%.
Pleasant Valley State Prison, a minimum security prison in Fresno County, California
Of the 160,000 prisoners in California, two-thirds are African-American and Latino. Approximately 17% were born abroad. Most prisoners come from California's high density population areas, however incarceration rates in less populated areas are higher than from more congested areas. About 62% of inmates in 2005 were sentenced from Southern California. The largest racial group in California prisons was whites from 1980 to 1986, blacks from 1986 to 1992, and Hispanics from 1992 to the present.[10]
The California Prison Industry Authority provides the inmates themselves with productive job opportunities. The inmate work program's main aim is to rehabilitate prisoners and promote their successful re-entry into society after their punishment has been completed. Through the program, approximately 5,900 inmates are given work assignments in 60 different lines of work at 22 California prisons. The goods produced by the inmates are available for local, state, and federal governmental agencies. Prisoners are able to earn between 30 and 95 cents per hour of work.
Conditions[edit]
In 2011, 6,000 California prisoners partook in a hunger strike to protest the conditions to which they were subject.[11] Prisoners refused to eat until their five demands were met.[11] They asked for: 1) Removal of collective penalties and an end to departmental misconduct, 2) Revoke the debriefing policy, consisting of gang-affiliated inmates divulging information on their gang before being released, 3) Terminate long-term solitary confinement, 4) Serve nourishing and balanced meals, and 5) Implement a variety of rehabilitation programs and privileges for Security Housing Unit (SHU) inmates.[11] The protest gained traction in California prisons; at its peak, over 12,000 prisoners were taking part in the hunger strike.[11] The strike ended after 20 days when the California Department of Corrections & Rehabilitation announced that they would reassess every inmate in the Security Housing Unit.[11] The California Department of Corrections & Rehabilitation met few, if any, of the prisoners demands.[11] By 2013, only 382 of the 4,527 SHU inmates residing in California cases had been reexamined, and of those 382 inmates about half were released.[11]
On May 23, 2011 the Supreme Court ruled in a 5-4 decision in Brown v. Plata that overcrowded conditions in California prisons constituted a violation of the Eighth Amendment, which bans cruel and unusual punishments. The decision upheld a lower court decision which found that "an inmate in one of California’s prisons needlessly dies every six or seven days due to constitutional deficiencies." The Court found that, at the time of the lower court trial, California jailed nearly twice as many prisoners as its prisons were designed to hold. In the majority opinion for the Supreme Court, Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote:
"After years of litigation, it became apparent that a remedy for the constitutional violations would not be effective absent a reduction in the prison system population or expanded facilities."
Prison spending[edit]
7% of California's budget was spent on corrections during Fiscal Year 2013-2014.[12] As of 2016, California spends approximately $64,000 per prisoner per year.[13]
See also[edit]
California portal
Criminal justice portal
List of California state prisons
Three-strikes law: Effects in California
Prisons in the United States
References[edit]
Jump up ^ CDCR Population Report, October 1, 2014
Jump up ^ "California adds another private prison". Los Angeles Times. 2014-04-02. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2017-11-30.
Jump up ^ CDCR. "CDCR - California City Correctional Facility (CAC)". www.cdcr.ca.gov. Retrieved 2017-11-30.
Jump up ^ "FacilityDetail". www.geogroup.com. Retrieved 2017-11-30.
Jump up ^ http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Reports_Research/Offender_Information_Services_Branch/Offender_Information_Reports.html
Jump up ^ Racial segregation continues in California prisons Archived February 23, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Lindsay, Shanara (June 4, 2017). [latimes.com "At 75,560, housing a prisoner in California now cost more than a year at harvard"] Check |url= value (help). latimes.com.
^ Jump up to: a b "United States Statistics". RAND State Statistics. Retrieved 2017-11-30.
Jump up ^ "Corrections Infrastructure Spending in California - Public Policy Institute of California". Public Policy Institute of California. Retrieved 2017-11-30.
Jump up ^ [1] Archived October 30, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Pham, Juli. "California inmates hunger strike to improve prison conditions, 2013". Global Nonviolent Action Database.
Jump up ^ California Budget 2014-2015
Jump up ^ "Editorial - California's prison spending is out of whack". Los Angeles Times. 14 January 2016. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prisons in California.
CDCR Division of Division of Adult Institutions
[hide]
v
t
e
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation prisons
State prisons
Avenal State Prison (ASP)
California Correctional Center (CCC)
California Correctional Institution (CCI)
California Health Care Facility (CHCF)
California Institution for Men (CIM)
California Institution for Women♀ (CIW)
California Medical Facility (CMF)
California Men's Colony (CMC)
California Rehabilitation Center (CRC)
California State Prison, Centinela (CEN)
California State Prison, Corcoran (COR)
California State Prison, Los Angeles County (LAC)
California State Prison, Sacramento (SAC)
California State Prison, Solano (SOL)
California Substance Abuse Treatment Facility and State Prison, Corcoran (SATF)
Calipatria State Prison (CAL)
Central California Women's Facility♀ (CCWF)
Chuckawalla Valley State Prison (CVSP)
Correctional Training Facility (CTF)
Deuel Vocational Institution (DVI)
Richard J. Donovan Correctional Facility (RJD)
Folsom State Prison (FSP)♂♀
High Desert State Prison (HDSP)
Ironwood State Prison (ISP)
Kern Valley State Prison (KVSP)
Mule Creek State Prison (MCSP)
North Kern State Prison (NKSP)
Pelican Bay State Prison (PBSP)
Pleasant Valley State Prison (PVSP)
Salinas Valley State Prison (SVSP)
San Quentin State Prison (SQ)
Sierra Conservation Center (SCC)
Valley State Prison (VSP)
Wasco State Prison (WSP)
Private prisons
La Palma Correctional Facility (Corrections Corporation of America, Arizona)
Tallahatchie County Correctional Facility (CCA, Tennessee)
Golden State Medium Community Correctional Facility (GEO Group)
California City Correctional Center (CCA)
Closed (partial list)
Eagle Mountain Community Correctional Facility
Preston School of Industry
Above facilities are male-only unless noted by ♀(female) or ♂♀ (co-gender)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prisons_in_California&oldid=836425856"
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