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YG (rapper)
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YG
YG in February 2015
Background information
Birth name
Keenon Daequan Ray Jackson
Born
(1990-03-09) March 9, 1990 (age 28)
Compton, California, United States
Genres
Hip hop
west coast hip hop
Occupation(s)
Rapper
songwriter
actor
Years active
2009–present
Labels
4Hunnid
CTE World
Pu$haz Ink (former)
Def Jam
Interscope (current)
Associated acts
ASAP Ferg
DJ Mustard
Jeezy
Kamaiyah
Kendrick Lamar
Macklemore
Nipsey Hussle
Ty Dolla Sign
Keenon Daequan Ray Jackson (born March 9, 1990),[1] better known by his stage name YG, is an American rapper and actor from Compton, California. In 2009, he released his debut single, "Toot It and Boot It" featuring Ty Dolla Sign, which peaked at number 67 on the Billboard Hot 100.[2] The single's success resulted in him signing to Def Jam Recordings.[3] In the following years, YG released mixtapes such as The Real 4Fingaz, Just Re'd Up, Just Re'd Up 2, 4 Hunnid Degreez, and many others.
In June 2013, YG signed a deal to Young Jeezy's imprint CTE World. His 2013 single, "My Nigga" featuring Jeezy and Rich Homie Quan, peaked at number 19 on the US Billboard Hot 100, becoming the highest charting song of his career. He then released the singles "Left, Right" and "Who Do You Love?" featuring Drake, leading up to the release of his debut studio album. His debut album, My Krazy Life, was released on March 18, 2014 by Pu$haz Ink, CTE World and Def Jam, and received critical acclaim. On June 17, 2016 he released his second studio album, Still Brazy, to critical acclaim.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
2.1 2012–14: Signing with CTE World and My Krazy Life
2.2 2015–present: Still Brazy and "I Don't" & Stay Dangerous
3 4Hunnid Records
4 Personal life
5 Discography
6 Filmography
7 Awards and nominations
8 References
Early life[edit]
Keenon Daequan Ray Jackson was born[4] in Compton, California.[1] His name YG stands for "Young Gangster."[5]
Career[edit]
2012–14: Signing with CTE World and My Krazy Life[edit]
Main article: My Krazy Life
In 2012, he announced his debut album, then titled I'm 4rm Bompton, would be exclusively produced by rapper Syla$. Later in June 2013, he revealed that Jeezy's record label CTE World would release the album.[6] He was then featured on Yo Gotti's "Act Right" also featuring Jeezy. It would peak at number 100 on the Billboard Hot 100.[7] He was then prominently featured on the CTE World mixtape, Boss Yo Life Up Gang in August 2013.[8]
YG performing in 2015
On September 4, 2013, YG revealed that his debut album would be released on November 19, 2013 via Def Jam Recordings and that he has changed the album title to My Krazy Life. He also revealed that Drake would be featured on a song titled "Who Do You Love?", produced by DJ Mustard. Shortly thereafter he released the album's lead single "My Nigga" featuring Rich Homie Quan and Jeezy, also produced by DJ Mustard.[9] The song has since peaked at number 19 on the US Billboard Hot 100.[10] On December 10, 2013, YG released the DJ Mustard-produced "Left, Right" as the album's second single.[11] The following day, Def Jam announced that My Krazy Life would be released on March 18, 2014[12] and that "Who Do You Love?" featuring Drake would be the album's next single.[13] On February 18, 2014, YG revealed the cover artwork for his debut album My Krazy Life. The artwork features YG posing for a mugshot, with his name and album title detailed in the placard around his neck.[14] It was released on March 18, 2014.
2015–present: Still Brazy and "I Don't" & Stay Dangerous[edit]
Main articles: Still Brazy and I Don't (Mariah Carey song)
On June 24, 2015, in an interview with Billboard, YG revealed that his second studio album would be called Still Krazy and it would be released in 2016.[15] On July 15, 2015, YG teased the first single for the album, "Twist My Fingaz" on Instagram.[16] The same day, YG released the single, "Cash Money" featuring Krayzie Bone.[17] The full version of "Twist My Fingaz" was released July 17, 2015.[18] On December 12, 2015, he released the second single, titled "I Want a Benz" featuring rappers Nipsey Hussle and 50 Cent.[19]
Still Brazy was released on June 17, 2016. The third single "Why You Always Hatin?" premiered on OVO Sound Radio on May 21, 2016 featuring rappers Drake and Kamaiyah.[20] On November 25, 2016, he released the "Black Friday" inspired Red Friday, released digitally; it had 8 tracks.[21]
On December 17, 2016, YG announced through social media, the announcement of Just Re'd Up 3, set to be released in 2017. This project will be executive produced by himself and DJ Mustard.[22]
On February 3, 2017, the song "I Don't", by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey was released, featuring YG.[23] Carey and YG performed "I Don't" live on Jimmy Kimmel Live! on February 15, 2017.[24] On March 24, 2017, a remix featuring Remy Ma and YG was released.[25][26] On February 19, 2018 YG announced his third studio album would be Stay Dangerous on his Instagram page and would be released this summer.
4Hunnid Records[edit]
4Hunnid Records
Parent company
Universal Music Group
Founded
2015; 3 years ago (2015)
Founder
YG
Brandon Moore
Distributor(s)
Interscope Records
Empire Distribution
Genre
Hip hop
Country of origin
United States
Location
Compton, California
Official website
4hunnid.com
When YG originally came up with the idea for a label (originally titled Pushaz Ink, stylized as Pu$haz Ink), he later attempted to co-found it with DJ Mustard and Ty Dolla $ign.[27] Originally the "label" was used as a promotional tool and a brand for YG and DJ Mustard's group of rap collaborators they had grown up with. But as they moved forward in laying the groundwork for the label and its roster, plans for the label were scrapped when their meeting with Capitol went south and the three artists decided to go their separate ways.[28]
There were rumors throughout 2016 that YG would be launching a new label under the name 4Hunnid. They originally begun when YG released a fashion line prominently featuring the 4Hunnid logo. This was confirmed to be true on August 17, 2016 when Billboard magazine reported that YG signed a distribution deal for the label under the 4Hunnid name with Interscope Records and Empire Distribution.[28]
Personal life[edit]
[29][30] On January 25, 2012, shots were fired during the filming of YG's music video "I'm a Thug". The police shut down and closed the set.[30]
On June 12, 2015, YG was shot one time that created three separate wounds in the hip at a recording studio in Studio City, California.[31] Authorities said that YG was "very uncooperative" when asked about the incident. His manager later revealed that his injuries were not life-threatening and said he was "fine" and recovering.[32] He returned to the studio the next day.[33]
In 2016, YG started eating a vegan diet, citing health reasons.[34]
Discography[edit]
Main article: YG discography
My Krazy Life (2014)
Blame It On the Streets (2014)
Still Brazy (2016)
Stay Dangerous (2018)[35]
Filmography[edit]
Films
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2012 We the Party C.C. Support role
Mac & Devin Go to High School Student/Smoker Cameo
White T YG Performer
2014 Blame It On the Streets YG Main role; also executive producer and writer
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Awards
Category
Nominated work
Result
2014 BET Awards[36] Best Collaboration "My Nigga"
(with Young Jeezy and Rich Homie Quan) Nominated
BET Hip Hop Awards[37] Best Collabo, Duo or Group Won
Best Club Banger Nominated
People's Champ Award "My Nigga (Remix)"
(with Lil Wayne, Nicki Minaj, Meek Mill and Rich Homie Quan) Nominated
Best Club Banger "Cut Her Off (Remix)"
(with K Camp, Lil Boosie and Too Short) Nominated
Rookie of the Year — Nominated
2015 iHeartRadio Music Awards[38] Hip Hop/R&B Song of the Year "Don't Tell 'Em"
(with Jeremih) Won
Billboard Music Awards[39] Top R&B Song Nominated
MTV Europe Music Awards[40] Best World Stage Performance — Nominated
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Lymangrover, Jason (March 9, 1990). "YG Biography & History". AllMusic.com. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ Wilkening, Matthew (June 22, 2010). "YG, 'Toot It and Boot It' – New Song". AOL Radio Blog. Retrieved February 11, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Def Jam again sets its sights on Los Angeles: Bompton's YG signs to the major - latimes.com". Latimesblogs.latimes.com. October 14, 2009. Retrieved February 11, 2012.
Jump up ^ Rapper YG talks about his 'Krazy Life'. LA Times (March 18, 2014). Retrieved on April 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ jonsilva (2014-03-24). "Ten Must Know Facts About Compton Rapper YG". SoSoActive.com. Retrieved 2017-06-14.
Jump up ^ "YG Young Jeezy CTE". Complex. June 18, 2013. Retrieved September 27, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Yo Gotti". Billboard.com. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ "New Music: Young Jeezy, YG, & Doughboyz Cashout – 'Boss Yo Life Up Gang' [Mixtape]". Rap-Up. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ April 9, 2013 :25 (September 4, 2013). "YG's Debut Gets A Name Change, Release Date And A Drake Feature – Music, Celebrity, Artist News". MTV.com. Retrieved September 27, 2013.
Jump up ^ "YG – Chart history". Billboard. Retrieved January 29, 2014.
Jump up ^ Em (December 11, 2013). "YG – 'Left, Right' (Feat. DJ Mustard) (Official Version)". HipHop-N-More. Retrieved January 29, 2014.
Jump up ^ Amaya (December 11, 2013). "YG's Debut Album "My Krazy Life" Set For A March 18th Release Date Def Jam". Defjam.com. Archived from the original on January 28, 2014. Retrieved January 29, 2014.
Jump up ^ Tardio, Andres (December 11, 2013). "YG "My Krazy Life" Release Date | Get The Latest Hip Hop News, Rap News & Hip Hop Album Sales". HipHop DX. Retrieved January 29, 2014.
Jump up ^ Tardio, Andres (February 20, 2014). "YG "My Krazy Life" Release Date, Cover Art & Tracklist | Get The Latest Hip Hop News, Rap News & Hip Hop Album Sales". HipHop DX. Retrieved March 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ "YG Speaks Out for First Time Since Being Shot: 'I'm Hard to Kill' (Exclusive)". Billboard. Retrieved March 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "YG Previews "Twist My Fingaz" Single Dropping Tomorrow". HotNewHipHop. Retrieved March 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "YG – Cash Money Feat. Krayzie Bone | Stream [New Song]". HotNewHipHop. Retrieved March 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "YG – Twist My Fingaz (Prod. By Terrace Martin) | Stream [New Song]". HotNewHipHop. Retrieved March 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "YG – I Wanna Benz Feat. Nipsey Hussle & 50 Cent (Prod. By London On Da Track) | Stream [New Song]". HotNewHipHop. Retrieved March 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ Smith, Danny (May 13, 2016). "YG set to premiere single". Hotnewhiphop. Retrieved May 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ Lilah, Rose (November 22, 2016). "YG Red Friday released on November 25". Hotnewhiphop. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ http://hiphopdx.com, HipHopDX -. "YG Announces "Just Re'd Up 3" With DJ Mustard". HipHopDX. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ McIntyre, Hugh. "Mariah Carey Returns With New YG-Assisted Single 'I Don't'". Forbes. Forbes. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Mariah Carey Sings in First Live Performance Since Disastrous New Year's Eve Gig". Us Weekly. February 16, 2017. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ "I Don't (feat. Remy Ma & YG) [Remix] – Single by Mariah Carey". iTunes Store (U.S.). Retrieved April 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "I Don't (feat. Remy Ma & YG) [Remix] – Single by Mariah Carey". iTunes Store (UK). Retrieved 24 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Balfour, Jay (March 9, 2014). "YG Details Work With DJ Mustard On Snoop Dogg's GGN | Get The Latest Hip Hop News, Rap News & Hip Hop Album Sales". HipHop DX. Retrieved March 14, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/7468479/yg-4hunnid-records-interscope-multi-million-dollar-joint-venture
Jump up ^ "10 Things You Should Know About YG's Debut Album, 'My Krazy Life'". TheSource. February 20, 2014. Retrieved March 14, 2014. [dead link]
^ Jump up to: a b "Rapper YG Talks Snoop Dogg Collaboration, Upcoming Movie & More". Billboard. January 26, 2012. Retrieved March 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ "YG Shot In Los Angeles". BallerStatus.com. June 12, 2015.
Jump up ^ Rapper YG ‘Fine’ After Being Shot 3 Times, Manager Says. KTLA (June 12, 2015). Retrieved on April 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ "5 Influential Rappers That Broke The Mental Health Stigma". The Huffington Post. July 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ Haithcoat, Rebecca. "YG: Mama He's Brazy". Spin. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Price, Joe (February 19, 2018). "YG Announces His Next Album 'Stay Dangerous'". Complex. Retrieved February 19, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Beyonce & Jay Z Lead 2014 BET Awards". Billboard. January 26, 2014. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ Nostro, Lauren. "Here Are the 2014 BET Hip-Hop Award Nominees". Complex. Complex Media. Retrieved September 5, 2014.
Jump up ^ "iHeartRadio Music Awards 2016: See the Full Winners List". Billboard. April 3, 2015. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Billboard Music Awards 2015: See the Full List of Finalists". Billboard. April 7, 2015. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Taylor Swift Rules The 2015 MTV EMA Noms! Find Out All The Nominees Here". MTV. September 15, 2015. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
Biography portal
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YG
Discography
Albums
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Still Brazy
Mixtapes
Boss Yo Life Up Gang (with CTE World)
Soundtracks
Blame It On the Streets
Singles
"Toot It and Boot It
"My Nigga"
"Left, Right"
"Who Do You Love?"
"Ride Out"
"Why You Always Hatin?"
Featured singles
"Function"
"Act Right"
"Don't Tell 'Em"
"I Don't"
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John Henry (folklore)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Statue of John Henry outside the town of Talcott in Summers County, West Virginia
John Henry is an African American folk hero. He is said to have worked as a "steel-driving man"—a man tasked with hammering a steel drill into rock to make holes for explosives to blast the rock in constructing a railroad tunnel. According to legend, John Henry's prowess as a steel-driver was measured in a race against a steam-powered hammer, a race that he won only to die in victory with hammer in hand as his heart gave out from stress. The story of John Henry is told in a classic folk song, which exists in many versions, and has been the subject of numerous stories, plays, books, and novels.[1][2] Various locations, including Big Bend Tunnel in West Virginia, Lewis Tunnel in Virginia, and Coosa Mountain Tunnel in Alabama, have been suggested as the site of the contest.
The ornamental plaque celebrates the life of John Henry Talcott, West Virginia.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Big Bend Tunnel
1.2 Lewis Tunnel
1.3 Coosa Mountain Tunnel
2 In popular culture
2.1 Music
2.2 Literature
2.3 Animated
2.4 Video games
2.5 Television/Film
3 See also
4 References
5 Further reading
6 External links
History[edit]
A sign by the C&O Railway line near Talcott, West Virginia.
The historical accuracy of many of the aspects of the John Henry legend are subject to debate.[1][2] Several locations have been put forth for the tunnel on which John Henry died.
Big Bend Tunnel[edit]
Guy B. Johnson, a Professor of Sociology at the University of North Carolina, investigated the legend of John Henry in the late 1920s. He concluded that John Henry was a real person who worked on and died at the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway's (C&O Railway) Big Bend Tunnel. The tunnel was built near Talcott, West Virginia, from 1870 to 1872 (according to Johnson's dating), and named for the big bend in the Greenbrier River nearby.
Some versions of the song refer to the location of John Henry's death as "The Big Bend Tunnel on the C. & O." Johnson visited the area around 1929 and found several men who said that they were boys of 12 or 14 when the tunnel was begun and that they could remember seeing John Henry, a large, powerful man. Although most of these men had heard of but not seen the famous contest between John Henry and the steam drill, Johnson ultimately was able to find a man who said he had seen it.
This man, known as Neal Miller, told me in plain words how he had come to the tunnel with his father at 17, how he carried water and drills for the steel drivers, how he saw John Henry every day, and, finally, all about the contest between John Henry and the steam drill.
"When the agent for the steam drill company brought the drill here," said Mr. Miller, "John Henry wanted to drive against it. He took a lot of pride in his work and he hated to see a machine take the work of men like him.
"Well, they decided to hold a test to get an idea of how practical the steam drill was. The test went on all day and part of the next day.
"John Henry won. He wouldn't rest enough, and he overdid. He took sick and died soon after that."
Mr. Miller described the steam drill in detail. I made a sketch of it and later when I looked up pictures of the early steam drills, I found his description correct. I asked people about Mr. Miller's reputation, and they all said, "If Neal Miller said anything happened, it happened."[3]
Talcott holds a yearly festival named for Henry, and a statue and memorial plaque have been placed along West Virginia Route 3 south of Talcott as it crosses over the Big Bend tunnel.[4] (Coords 37°38′56.31″N 80°46′03.60″W / 37.6489750°N 80.7676667°W / 37.6489750; -80.7676667)
Lewis Tunnel[edit]
In the 2006 book Steel Drivin' Man: John Henry, the Untold Story of an American Legend, Scott Reynolds Nelson, an associate professor of history at the College of William & Mary, contends that the John Henry of the ballad was based on a different real person, the 20-year-old New Jersey-born African-American freeman, John William Henry. Nelson speculates that Henry, like many African Americans might have come to Virginia to work on the clean-up of the battlefields after the Civil War. Arrested and tried for burglary, he was among the many convicts released by the warden to work as leased labor on the C&O Railway.[5]:39
According to Nelson, conditions at the Virginia prison were so terrible that the warden, an idealistic Quaker from Maine, believed the prisoners, many of whom had been arrested on trivial charges, would be better clothed and fed if they were released as laborers to private contractors. (He subsequently changed his mind about this and became an opponent of the convict labor system.) Nelson asserts that a steam drill race at the Big Bend Tunnel would have been impossible because railroad records do not indicate a steam drill being used there.[6]
Instead, Nelson argues that the contest must have taken place 40 miles away at the Lewis Tunnel, between Talcott and Millboro, Virginia, where records indicate that prisoners did indeed work beside steam drills night and day.[7] Nelson also argues that the verses of the ballad about John Henry being buried near "the white house", "in sand", somewhere that locomotives roar, mean that Henry's body was buried in the cemetery behind the main building of the Virginia State Penitentiary, which photos from that time indicate was painted white, and where numerous unmarked graves have been found.[8]
Prison records for John William Henry stopped in 1873, suggesting that he was kept on the record books until it was clear that he was not coming back and had died. The evidence assembled by Nelson, though suggestive, is circumstantial; Nelson stresses that John Henry would have been representative of the many hundreds of convict laborers who were killed in unknown circumstances tunneling through the mountains or who died shortly afterwards of silicosis from dust created by the drills and blasting.
Coosa Mountain Tunnel[edit]
There is another tradition that John Henry's famous race took place not in West Virginia, but rather near Leeds, Alabama. Professor Johnson in the late 1920s received letters saying that John Henry worked on the A.G.S. Railway's Cruzee or Curzey Mountain Tunnel in 1882, and a third letter saying it was at Oak Mountain in 1887, but he discounted these reports after the A.G.S. told him that the railway had no such tunnel.[3] Retired chemistry professor and folklorist John Garst, of the University of Georgia, has argued that the contest happened at the Coosa Mountain Tunnel or the Oak Mountain Tunnel of the Columbus and Western Railway (now part of Norfolk Southern Railway) near Leeds on September 20, 1887.[9]
Based on documentation that corresponds with the account of C. C. Spencer, who claimed in the 1920s to have witnessed the contest, Garst speculates that John Henry may have been a man named Henry who was born a slave to P.A.L. Dabney, the father of the chief engineer of that railroad, in 1850.[9] Since 2007, the city of Leeds has honored John Henry's legend during an annual September festival, held on the third weekend in September, called the Leeds Downtown Folk Festival & John Henry Celebration.[10]
Garst and Nelson have debated the merits of their divergent research conclusions.[11] Other claims have been made over the years that place Henry and his contest in Kentucky or Jamaica.[12]
In popular culture[edit]
The tale of John Henry has been used as a symbol in many cultural movements, including labor movements[13] and the Civil Rights Movement.[14]
John Henry is a symbol of physical strength and endurance, of exploited labor, of the dignity of a human being against the degradations of the machine age, and of racial pride and solidarity. During World War II his image was used in U.S. government propaganda as a symbol of social tolerance and diversity.[15]
Music[edit]
The story of John Henry is traditionally told through two types of songs: ballads, commonly called "The Ballad of John Henry", and "hammer songs" (a type of work song), each with wide-ranging and varying lyrics.[2][12] Some songs, and some early folk historian research, conflate the songs about John Henry with those of John Hardy, a West Virginian outlaw.[12] Ballads about John Henry's life typically contain four major components: a premonition by John Henry as a child that steel-driving would lead to his death, the lead-up to and the results of the legendary race against the steam hammer, Henry's death and burial, and the reaction of his wife.[12]
The well-known narrative ballad of "John Henry" is usually sung in an upbeat tempo. Hammer songs associated with the "John Henry" ballad, however, are not. Sung more slowly and deliberately, often with a pulsating beat suggestive of swinging the hammer, these songs usually contain the lines "This old hammer killed John Henry / but it won't kill me." Nelson explains that:
... workers managed their labor by setting a "stint," or pace, for it. Men who violated the stint were shunned ... Here was a song that told you what happened to men who worked too fast: they died ugly deaths; their entrails fell on the ground. You sang the song slowly, you worked slowly, you guarded your life, or you died.[5]:32
There is some controversy among scholars over which came first, the ballad or the hammer songs. Some scholars have suggested that the "John Henry" ballad grew out of the hammer songs, while others believe that the two were always entirely separate.
Songs featuring the story of John Henry have been recorded by many blues, folk, and rock musicians of different ethnic backgrounds. Many notable musicians have recorded John Henry ballads, including
Mississippi Fred McDowell[16]
Burl Ives
Bill Monroe
Hemanga Biswas
Johnny Cash[17]
Drive-By Truckers[18]
Joe Bonamassa[12]
Furry Lewis[2]
Big Bill Broonzy[2]
Pink Anderson[12]
Fiddlin' John Carson[12]
Uncle Dave Macon[12]
J. E. Mainer[12]
Leon Bibb[12]
Lead Belly[12]
Woody Guthrie[12]
Paul Robeson[15]
Pete Seeger[15]
Van Morrison[15]
Bruce Springsteen[15]
Gillian Welch[15]
Cuff the Duke[15]
Ramblin' Jack Elliott[12]
Jerry Reed[12]
Jerry Lee Lewis[12]
Merle Travis[19][20]
Harry Belafonte,[21]
Mississippi John Hurt (as "Spike Driver Blues"),[22]
Lonnie Donegan[23]
Jack Warshaw[24]
Jason Molina[25]
Trail West[26]
John Fahey[27]
Steve Earle
Cecile McLorin Salvant[28]
Gangstagrass[29]
The story also inspired the Aaron Copland's orchestral composition "John Henry" (1940, revised 1952), the 1994 chamber music piece Come Down Heavy by Evan Chambers and the 2009 chamber music piece Steel Hammer by the composer Julia Wolfe.[30][31]
They Might Be Giants named their fifth studio album after John Henry.
Literature[edit]
Henry is the subject of the 1931 Roark Bradford novel John Henry, illustrated by noted woodcut artist J. J. Lankes. The novel was adapted into a stage musical in 1940, starring Paul Robeson in the title role.[2] According to Steven Carl Tracy, Bradford's works were influential in broadly popularizing the John Henry legend beyond railroad and mining communities and outside of African American oral histories.[2] In a 1933 article published in The Journal of Negro Education, Bradford's John Henry was criticized for "making over a folk-hero into a clown."[32] A 1948 obituary for Bradford described John Henry as "a better piece of native folklore than Paul Bunyan."[33]
Ezra Jack Keats's John Henry: An American Legend, published in 1965, is a notable picture book chronicling the history of John Henry and portraying him as the "personification of the medieval Everyman who struggles against insurmountable odds and wins."[14]
Colson Whitehead's 2001 novel John Henry Days uses the John Henry myth as story background. Whitehead fictionalized the John Henry Days festival in Talcott, West Virginia and the release of the John Henry postage stamp in 1996.[34]
The DC Comics superhero Steel's civilian name, "John Henry Irons," is inspired by John Henry.[35]
Animated[edit]
In 1973, Nick Bosustow and David Adams co-produced an 11-minute animated short, The Legend of John Henry for Paramount Pictures.[36]
Disney has utilized the legend in several shorts, including in 1995, John Henry appeared in the Disney film Tall Tale: The Unbelievable Adventures of Pecos Bill portrayed by Roger Aaron Brown. He also appeared in a Walt Disney Feature Animation produced animated short version of John Henry in 1999, directed by Mark Henn. Plans for theatrical releases in 2000 and 2001 fell through (other than a limited Academy Award qualifying run in Los Angeles),[37] and the short instead first appeared - slightly edited to remove its opening and closing titles - as the only new entry in the 2002 VHS compilation release Disney's American Legends. The short appeared in its original format as an interstitial on the Disney Channel, and later as part of the 2015 home video compilation Walt Disney Animation Studios Short Films Collection.
In 1996, the U.S. Post Office issued a John Henry 32-cent postage stamp. It was part of a set honoring American folk heroes that included Paul Bunyan, Pecos Bill and Casey at the Bat.[38]
Video games[edit]
John Henry was featured as a fictional character in the 2014 video game Wasteland 2. The story is referenced by various NPCs throughout the game and is also available in full as a series of in game books which tell the story of the competition between John Henry and a contingent of robotic workers.[39]
He also appeared as a playable character in the 3DS game Code Name: S.T.E.A.M..
In the story of Team Fortress 2 comics, he was the first Heavy of the original BLU team.[40]
Television/Film[edit]
Danny Glover played the character in a television special, Shelley Duvall's Tall Tales and Legends in 1986.
Roger Aaron Brown played the character in the 1995 film, Tall Tale.
See also[edit]
John Henryism
Alexey Stakhanov, Soviet miner
Rosie the Riveter
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Stephen Wade (September 2, 2002). "John Henry, Present at the Creation". NPR. Archived from the original on July 12, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Tracy, Steven C.; Bradford, Roark (2011). John Henry: Roark Bradford's Novel and Play. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 0-19-976650-9.
^ Jump up to: a b Johnson, Guy (Feb 2, 1930). "First Hero of Negro Folk Lore". Modesto Bee and News-Herald. p. 22. Retrieved Sep 5, 2014 – via Newspapers.com.
Jump up ^ "Talcott prepares for John Henry Days", Sarah Plummer, The Register-Herald, June 28, 2010
^ Jump up to: a b Nelson, Scott Reynolds (2006). Steel drivin' man: John Henry, the untold story of an American legend. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-530010-6.
Jump up ^ Grimes, William. "Taking Swings at a Myth, With John Henry the Man", The New York Times, Books section, October 18, 2006.
Jump up ^ Downes, Lawrence. "John Henry Days", The New York Times, Books section, April 18, 2008.
Jump up ^ "John Henry - The Story - Lewis Tunnel". Ibiblio.org. 2006-07-13. Retrieved 2010-07-20.
^ Jump up to: a b Garst, John (2002). "Chasing John Henry in Alabama and Mississippi: A Personal Memoir of Work in Progress". Tributaries: Journal of the Alabama Folklife Association. 5: 92–129.
Jump up ^ "Free Leeds Downtown Folk Festival is Saturday & Sunday", Christie Dedman -- The Birmingham News The Birmingham News, September 15, 2011
"John Henry in Leeds", Leeds Folk Festival
Jump up ^ Garst, John (November 27, 2006) "On the Trail of the Real John Henry". History News Network, George Mason University, includes rebuttal by Scott Nelson
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Cohen, Norm (2000). Long steel rail: the railroad in American folksong. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-06881-5.
Jump up ^ Singer A (Winter 1997). "Using Songs to Teach Labor History". OAH Magazine of History. 11 (2): 13–16. doi:10.1093/maghis/11.2.13. JSTOR 25163131.
^ Jump up to: a b Nikola-Lisa W (Spring 1998). "John Henry: Then and Now". African American Review. 32 (1): 51–56. JSTOR 3042267.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Bicknell J (Spring 2009). "Reflections on "John Henry": Ethical Issues in Singing Performance". The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism. 67 (2): 173–180. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6245.2009.01346.x.
Jump up ^ Cite error: The named reference Denham was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Jump up ^ "The Legend of John Henry's Hammer" and "Nine Pound Hammer", both on Blood, Sweat and Tears; Cash also recorded a shorter version of the former as "John Henry" with a different account of the legend for Destination Victoria Station
Jump up ^ The Dirty South (album)#Track listing
Jump up ^ name=Cohen/> Jimmy Dean,
Jump up ^ Merle Travis — John Henry, Composed by Traditional at AllMusic. Retrieved September 18, 2015.
Jump up ^ Harry Belafonte — John Henry at AllMusic. Retrieved September 18, 2015.
Jump up ^ Mississippi John Hurt — Folk Songs And Blues at Discogs (list of releases)
Jump up ^ Flipside of "Rock Island Line"
Jump up ^ album Long Time Gone 1979
Jump up ^ "Songs: Ohia - John Henry Split My Heart Lyrics - SongMeanings". SongMeanings.
Jump up ^ Album: Rescattermastered - 2016
Jump up ^ "Nine Pound Hammer" on the 1968 LP The Voice of the Turtle
Jump up ^ "Cécile McLorin Salvant – John Henry".
Jump up ^ "American Music". Gangstagrass.
Jump up ^ Kozinn, Allan (November 22, 2009). "The John Henry Who Might Have Been". The New York Times. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ Reinthaler, Joan (November 23, 2009). "Review: Bang on a Can All-Stars and Trio Mediaeval Perform 'Steel Hammer'". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ Sterling A. Brown. "Negro Character as Seen by White Authors", The Journal of Negro Education, Vol. 2, No. 2 (Apr., 1933), pp. 179-203
Jump up ^ "Bradford was one of Immortals", Robert C. Ruark, The Evening Independent, November 22, 1948
Jump up ^ "Freeloading Man", Jonathan Franzen, New York Times, May 13, 2001
Jump up ^ Action Comics #4 (February 2012)
Jump up ^ Lenburg, Jeff (2006). Who's Who in Animated Cartoons: An International Guide to Film and Television's Award-Winning and Legendary Animators. New York: Applause Books. ISBN 1-55783-671-X.
Jump up ^ Hill, Jim (22 February 2001). "A black hero comes up short". Orlando Weekly. Retrieved 3 November 2015.
Jump up ^ NEW STAMPS TELL TALL TALES OF FOLK HEROES, Deseret News, July 24, 1996
Jump up ^ "The Story of John Henry - Official Wasteland 3 Wiki". wasteland.gamepedia.com. Retrieved 2017-05-24.
Jump up ^ "Non-playable characters - BLU Team (original)". wiki.teamfortress.com. Retrieved 2017-07-30.
Further reading[edit]
Johnson, Guy B. (1929) John Henry: Tracking Down a Negro Legend. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press
Chappell, Louis W. (1933) John Henry; A Folk-Lore Study. Reprinted 1968. Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press
Keats, Ezra Jack (1965) John Henry, An American Legend. New York: Pantheon Books.
Williams, Brett (1983) John Henry: A Bio-Bibliography by Brett Williams. Westport, CT.: Greenwood Press
Nelson, Scott. "Who Was John Henry? Railroad Construction, Southern Folklore, and the Birth of Rock and Roll", Labor: Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas Summer 2005 2(2): 53-80; doi:10.1215/15476715-2-2-53
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to John Henry.
John Henry at The Seeger Sessions at the Wayback Machine (archived 13 October 2016)
Lyrics to various versions of "John Henry"
Survey of books about the legend of John Henry
Essay on resistance and rebellion in the legend of John Henry
John Henry bibliography compiled by the Archive of Folk Culture staff at the Library of Congress
Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) No. WV-93, "Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad, Great Bend Tunnel, Talcott, Summers County, WV"
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Mouse, Look Out!
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Mouse, Look Out!
Author
Judy Waite
Illustrator
Norma Burgin
Country
England
Language
English
Genre
Children's picture book
Published
1998 (Magi)
Media type
Print (hardcover)
Pages
24
ISBN
9781854304667
OCLC
45337635
Mouse, Look Out! is a 1998 children's picture book by Judy Waite and Norma Burgin. It is about a mouse being stalked by a cat.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot summary
2 Reception
3 Awards and nominations
4 References
Plot summary[edit]
In an isolated, abandoned cottage with "Danger Keep Out" on the wall, a brown mouse scampers around, at first unaware of being watched and followed by a stealthy black cat. The cat is also being watched, however, and is at last startled into running away.
Reception[edit]
BookList wrote "Prereaders can easily grasp the plot just by looking at the wonderfully detailed pictures, but this entertaining, interactive story begs to be read aloud."[1] and the School Library Journal wrote "Beautiful artwork with some double-page spreads show a spooky English cottage filled with interesting junk. Young audiences will never tire of finding the cat in each picture and joining in the refrain, "MOUSE, LOOK OUT!/THERE'S A CAT ABOUT.""[1]
Kirkus Reviews described it as "A tale of mild suspense." and "Waite's story is sweet but negligible; what will keep readers flipping the pages is Burgin's tour of the deserted house--the artwork naturalistic and detailed--and the menacing cat lurking in the shadows, all stealth and determination."[2] Publishers Weekly found it a "taut tale"[3] and the English Association called it "a perfect partnership of text and illustration."[4] It has also been review by Reading Time[5] and the Teacher Magazine]][6]
Awards and nominations[edit]
1998 Nevada Young Readers' Award - winner[7]
1999 English 4-11 Book Awards Key Stage 1 Fiction - winner[4]
2000 Florida Reading Association Children's Book Award - winner[8]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Mouse, look out!". Buffalo and Erie County Public Library. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
Jump up ^ ""MOUSE, LOOK OUT!"". Kirkus Reviews. Kirkus Media LLC. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Mouse, Look Out!: A Slide and Peek Book". Publishers Weekly. PWxyz LLC. 31 August 1998. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "1999 English 4-11 Book Awards for the Best Books of 1998". www2.le.ac.uk. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Cats". Reading Time. 43 (1): 10. February 1999. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "For Kids". Teacher Magazine. 10 (6): 54. March 1999. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Nevada Young Readers' Award Past Winners". nevadalibraries.org. Nevada Library Association. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Children's Book Award - Past Winners". flreads.org. Florida Reading Association. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mouse,_Look_Out!&oldid=826684588"
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text:
Forged from the Love of Liberty
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Forged from the Love of Liberty
National anthem of Trinidad and Tobago
Lyrics
Patrick Castagne, 1962
Music
Patrick Castagne, 1962
Adopted
1962 by Trinidad and Tobago
Audio sample
Forged from the Love of Liberty
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"Forged from the Love of Liberty" is the national anthem of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Originally composed as the national anthem for the short-lived West Indies Federation (1958–1962), this song was edited and adopted by Trinidad and Tobago when it became independent in 1962.[1]
Patrick S. Castagne composed the words and music of the National Anthem in 1962.[2] Mr Castagne, a renowned West Indian songwriter, was employed at the Trinidad and Tobago Commission in London.[1] One of his compositions, called "A Song for the Islands"[2] or A Song for Federation,[1] was submitted to the West Indies Federation as a possible anthem.[2]
When the Federation collapsed, he changed some of the lines and resubmitted the song to Trinidad and Tobago[2] for the competition to choose the National Anthem. In total, the competition received 834 word only entries, 33 music only entries and 306 word and music entries. Mr. Castagne's submission came out on top and he won the price of $5,000.00 in Government Bonds and a gold medal inscribed with the Coat of Arms of Trinidad and Tobago.[1]
Castagne's alteration of A Song for Federation was deemed to be most suitable for a twin-island state that consisted of "islands of the blue Caribbean Sea" standing "side by side" in promoting the values of "every creed and race" finding "an equal place" in the multi-racial, multi-religious and multi-cultural society of Trinidad and Tobago as it existed in 1962.[1] It was considered to have reflected the nature and the strength of the people of Trinidad and Tobago and their courage as one nation working towards living in unity despite the existing diversity.[2] According to an excerpt from the editorial in the Sunday Guardian of 19 August 1962: "In its solemn declaration of brotherhood and unity, it very neatly includes Tobago with Trinidad without mentioning the name of either ("Side by side we stand, islands of the blue Caribbean Sea"); and as an added impulse to unity it goes on to describe them together as "our native land," ending with the petition, "And may God bless our nation."[1]
Lyrics[edit]
Words and music by Patrick Castagne (1916–2000).[3]
Forged from the love of liberty
In the fires of hope and prayer
With boundless faith in our destiny
We solemnly declare:
Side by side we stand
Islands of the blue Caribbean sea,
This our native land
We pledge our lives to thee.
Here every creed and race find an equal place,
And may God bless our nation
Here every creed and race find an equal place,
And may God bless our nation.
Lyrics for A Song for Federation[edit]
Castagne’s A Song For Federation provided the musical inspiration that could have matched the foundation of a strong federation had it survived. The close resemblance between the National Anthem of Trinidad and Tobago and A Song For Federation can seen from the lyrics of the latter as follows:[1]
Forged from the love of unity
In the fires of hope and prayer
With boundless faith in our liberty
West Indians all declare:
Side by side we stand
With our hearts joined across the sea,
This our native land
We pledge ourselves for thee.
Here every creed and race find an equal place,
And may God bless our nation
Here every creed and race find an equal place,
And may God bless our nation.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Understanding our national anthem, FIRST Magazine, 2012
^ Jump up to: a b c d e NALIS: National Symbols of Trinidad and Tobago – The National Anthem, National Library and Information System Authority of Trinidad and Tobago, 2016
Jump up ^ "National Songs". Embassy of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
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