text:
Sierra No. 3
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Sierra No. 3
Sierra No. 3, circa 1904
[hide]Type and origin
Power type
Steam
Builder
Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works
Serial number
4493
Build date
March 26, 1891
[hide]Specifications
Configuration:

• Whyte
4-6-0
• UIC
1C
Gauge
4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
Leading dia.
2 ft 2 in (0.660 m)[1]
Driver dia.
4 ft 8 in (1.422 m)
Boiler pressure
150 psi (1.03 MPa)
Cylinders
Two
Cylinder size
17 in × 24 in (432 mm × 610 mm)
[hide]Performance figures
Tractive effort
17,470 lbf (77.7 kN)[1]
[hide]Career
Operators
Prescott & Arizona Central Railway, Sierra Railroad
Numbers
Prescott & Arizona: 3,
Sierra: 3
Official name
W.N. Kelly
Retired
1932 (revenue)
Current owner
Railtown 1897 State Historic Park
Disposition
Operational
Sierra No. 3, often called the "Movie Star locomotive", is a 19th-century steam locomotive owned by the State of California and preserved at Railtown 1897 State Historic Park in Jamestown, California. Former Transportation History curator at the Smithsonian Institution William L. Withhuhn described the locomotive's historical and cultural significance: "Sierra Railway No. 3 has appeared in more motion pictures, documentaries, and television productions than any other locomotive. It is undisputedly the image of the archetypal steam locomotive that propelled the USA from the 19th century into the 20th."[2] It has been called "the most photographed locomotive in the world."[3] Built in 1891, the locomotive returned to operation in July 2010 after a fourteen-year absence from service and a three-year-long overhaul, requiring the replacement of its original boiler.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 21st-century renovation
3 Movie appearances
3.1 Other movie appearances
4 TV appearances
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
The locomotive, a 4-6-0 ten-wheeler, was built by the Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works of Paterson, New Jersey. Construction of the locomotive was completed on March 26, 1891, and it was given Rogers construction number 4493. It has 17 in × 24 in (43 cm × 61 cm) cylinders, 56-inch (140 cm) driving wheels and weighs 50 short tons (45 t) in working order.[1] It was built for the Prescott & Arizona Central Railway (P&AC) as their locomotive #3 and named W.N. Kelly after the company's treasurer.
Sierra #3 on the P&AC.
The P&AC went bankrupt in 1893 and its owner, Thomas S. Bullock, relocated to California bringing much of his railroad equipment, including the No. 3. He then entered into a partnership with Prince André Poniatowski and William H. Crocker, and together in 1897 they incorporated the Sierra Railway Company Of California to connect Oakdale, California with the timber producing regions of Tuolumne County and Calaveras County.[4]
The locomotive was then rechristened Sierra No. 3, and played a key role of the construction of the railroad to Jamestown, California in 1897, Sonora, California in 1899 and Tuolumne, California in 1900. It was the primary locomotive pulling freight trains on the railroad until 1906, when the Sierra Railway purchased a new Baldwin Locomotive Works 2-8-0 locomotive. It played a significant role in logging, mining and dam building operations in the Sierra foothills.
Originally built to burn coal, the locomotive was converted to burn oil sometime between 1900 and 1902.[1]
Sierra No. 3 was involved in several wrecks. In February 1898, a switch mishap killed conductor William G. Bailey.[4] In September 1899, its tender derailed while backing up on a trestle, causing it to collapse.
1918 derailment that destroyed the original Wooden cab.
The locomotive turned on its side in 1918 just above Sonora, destroying its original wooden cab, which was replaced with a second-hand steel Southern Pacific Railroad cab.[4] Two years later, Sierra No. 3 made her first known Hollywood film appearance, in a silent film The Terror starring Tom Mix.
During the Great Depression, the Sierra Railway went into bankruptcy, and was reorganized as the Sierra Railroad Company in 1937.[1] Sierra No. 3 was taken out of service in 1932, and sat on a siding in the Jamestown yard for 15 years.[2] It managed to avoid being scrapped during World War II, and again received attention from Hollywood in 1946, when David O. Selznick, the producer of Duel in the Sun being filmed on the Sierra Railroad, proposed to destroy her in a train wreck scene for the movie. The Sierra Railroad's Master Mechanic Bill Tremewan persuaded the railroad ownership not to consider a notion so "ridiculous", and instead shop crews restored the locomotive to operation for potential charter and movie service.[1] Inspection of the boiler proved it was in serviceable condition, however the resulting work required a reduction of the Maximum Allowable Working Pressure from 160 to 150 psi (1.10 to 1.03 MPa). The rebuild was completed in 1948, and the locomotive officially returned to service heading a Railway and Locomotive Historical Society sponsored excursion train on May 30. Over the next half-century, Sierra No. 3 pulled tourist excursion trains and appeared in dozens of films, TV shows, and commercials. Among them were High Noon in 1952, for which Gary Cooper won the Academy Award for Best Actor, and Unforgiven, starring and directed by Clint Eastwood, which won the Academy Award for Best Picture for 1992.
Dummy smokestack used in the locomotive explosion scene in Back to the Future Part III.
The locomotive was often redecorated for various movie and television appearances, one of its most famous roles being the Hooterville Cannonball from the mid-sixties series Petticoat Junction. False smokestacks were also often installed to alter the appearance of the locomotive.
In 1979, Crocker and Associates announced their intention to sell their interest in the railroad to Silverfoot, Inc. based in Chicago, but the deal did not include the locomotive facilities in Jamestown.[4] The complex, including Sierra No. 3, was acquired by the State of California as a result of legislation passed in April 1981, and signed by Governor Jerry Brown. The acquisition was completed on September 15, 1982, and since then, the locomotive has been the property of the State of California.[1]
In 1995, the Federal Railroad Administration issued new safety standards for steam locomotive boilers. In order to comply with these revised regulations, Sierra No. 3 was removed from service until a complete evaluation of the locomotive's condition could be made.
21st-century renovation[edit]
Sierra No. 3 in the roundhouse at Railtown 1897 State Historic Park in 2011
Sierra No. 3 next to other steam locomotives in the roundhouse at Railtown 1897 State Historic Park
Sierra No. 3's original boiler was removed during a rebuild, photo taken 2011
Renovated movie star Sierra No. 3. taken on Labor Day 2011
Preliminary repairs were completed in 2000–2001 with deferred maintenance funding from the State of California. This included dismantling the locomotive.[5] The project progressed very slowly until 2007, when a major fundraising campaign began. At that time, the budget for the project was estimated at US$600,000, based on the assumption that the existing boiler could be saved.
In a fundraising appeal, Clint Eastwood described Sierra No. 3 as "like a treasured old friend."[2] Eastwood had ridden the locomotive early in his career on the TV series Rawhide, and later used the locomotive in his own movie productions Pale Rider and Unforgiven. Eastwood wrote, "Sierra No. 3 resides at Railtown 1897 State Historic Park. It is housed in the original roundhouse which is still in use. Together these two assets provide a rare opportunity to experience history just as it was 109 years ago."[2] Funding for the renovation project was provided by the California Cultural and Historical Endowment,[6] the Irving J. Symons Foundation,[7] the Sonora Area Foundation,[7] the California State Parks Foundation,[8] the Teichert Foundation, DuPont and many individual donors.
The rebuild included boring out the cylinders and turning the drive wheel tires on a lathe. [9] When work on the disassembled locomotive resumed, and the boiler was inspected thoroughly by ultrasound testing,[8] it was discovered that a new boiler was necessary. Its old lap seam design made retrofitting it to modern standards too costly,[9] and the risk of the boiler losing its historical integrity was a risk Railtown staff decided not to take. Engineering drawings and other technical assistance needed to build a new boiler were provided by the Strasburg Rail Road in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.[9] The old boiler was shipped to be used as a pattern to the Chelatchie Boiler Works of Camas, Washington, which fabricated a new welded boiler at a cost of US$600,000.[9] The boiler was then shipped to the historic Southern Pacific shops in Sacramento, California and fitted on the original frame. The locomotive was then trucked back to Jamestown, California for final assembly.[10] The old boiler is now on display at Railtown 1897.
The current configuration of the locomotive represents her appearance during the year 1929, when the movie The Virginian was filmed and provided the first known evidence of the presence of "3-spot's" steel cab. Final cost of the rebuild was US$1.6 million, and the locomotive officially returned to service on July 3, 2010.[11]
Movie appearances[edit]
Lobby card for 1920 Tom Mix movie The Terror shows Sierra No. 3 in the fourth panel.
Gary Cooper, seen here in High Noon, appeared in four movies with Sierra No. 3.
Clint Eastwood, who appeared in two movies and a TV series with Sierra No. 3, wrote a letter supporting fundraising for the renovation of the locomotive.
Sierra No. 3 has appeared in many movies.[2][5][6][7][8][11][12]
According to Railtown 1897, these include the following:
The Red Glove, 1919 starring Marie Walcamp and Pat O'Malley.
The Terror, 1920, starring Tom Mix
The Virginian, 1929, starring Gary Cooper and Walter Huston. This was the first talkie filmed on location rather than on a studio sound stage. #3 was portrayed as Union Pacific Railroad #3.
The Texan, 1930, starring Gary Cooper and Fay Wray
Young Tom Edison, 1940, starring Mickey Rooney
Sierra Passage, 1950, starring Wayne Morris and Lola Albright
Wyoming Mail, 1950, starring Stephen McNally, Howard Da Silva and Ed Begley
High Noon, 1952, starring Gary Cooper, who won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role. The film won three additional Academy Awards.
The Cimarron Kid, 1952, starring Audie Murphy and James Best
Kansas Pacific, 1953, starring Sterling Hayden and Eve Miller, portrayed as Kansas Pacific Railroad #3.
The Moonlighter, 1953, starring Barbara Stanwyck, Fred MacMurray and Ward Bond
Apache, 1954, starring Burt Lancaster, Jean Peters and Charles Bronson
Rage at Dawn, 1955, starring Randolph Scott and Forrest Tucker
The Return of Jack Slade, 1955, starring John Ericson, Neville Brand and Angie Dickinson
Texas Lady, 1955, starring Claudette Colbert and Barry Sullivan
The Big Land, 1957, starring Alan Ladd, Virginia Mayo and Edmund O'Brien
Terror in a Texas Town, 1958, written under another name by blacklisted screenwriter Dalton Trumbo, and starring Sterling Hayden and Sebastian Cabot
Man of the West, 1958, starring Gary Cooper, Julie London and Lee J. Cobb
Face of a Fugitive, 1959, starring Fred MacMurray, Dorothy Green and James Coburn
The Outrage, 1964, a remake of Rashomon as a western, starring Edward G. Robinson, Paul Newman, Laurence Harvey, Claire Bloom and William Shatner
The Rare Breed, 1966, starring James Stewart, Maureen O'Hara and Brian Keith
The Great Race, 1966, starring Jack Lemmon, Tony Curtis and Natalie Wood
The Perils of Pauline, 1967, starring Pat Boone and Terry-Thomas
Finian's Rainbow, 1968, starring Fred Astaire and Petula Clark
A Man Called Gannon, 1968, starring Tony Franciosa and Michael Sarrazin
The Great Bank Robbery, 1969, starring Zero Mostel and Kim Novak, portrayed as South-Western Texas Railroad #98.
Joe Hill, 1971, a biopic about the IWW activist Joe Hill, starring Thommy Berggren. The film won the Jury Prize at the 1971 Cannes Film Festival.
The Great Northfield Minnesota Raid, 1972, starring Cliff Robertson and Robert Duvall
Oklahoma Crude, 1973, starring George C. Scott and Faye Dunaway
Nickleodeon, 1976, starring Ryan O'Neal, Burt Reynolds and Tatum O'Neal
Bound for Glory, 1976, a biopic of Woody Guthrie, starring David Carradine and Randy Quaid. This was the first major film to use the Steadicam, and Haskell Wexler won the Academy Award for Best Cinematography for the film, and the film also won another Academy Award.
The Apple Dumpling Gang Rides Again, 1979, starring Tim Conway and Don Knotts
The Long Riders, 1980, starring teams of brothers including James Keach and Stacy Keach, David Carradine and Keith Carradine, and Dennis Quaid and Randy Quaid. Portrayed as Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific #3 and Missouri Pacific Railroad #43.
Pale Rider, 1985, directed by Clint Eastwood, and starring Eastwood and Richard Dysart
Blood Red, 1986, starring Eric Roberts, Giancarlo Giannini, Dennis Hopper and Julia Roberts in her movie debut
Back to the Future Part III, 1990, starring Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd and Mary Steenburgen. The engine appears in the scenes set in 1885, six years prior to the engine's actual construction, portraying Central Pacific Railroad #131. While the Central Pacific did have 4-6-0's similar to #3 at the time the film was set, the real Central Pacific #131 was a 4-4-0.[13]
Unforgiven, 1992, directed by Clint Eastwood, starring Eastwood and Gene Hackman and winner of the Academy Award for Best Picture, Academy Award for Best Director and two other Academy Awards
Bad Girls, 1994, starring Drew Barrymore, Andie MacDowell, Madeleine Stowe and Mary Stuart Masterson
Color of a Brisk and Leaping Day, 1996, starring Peter Alexander. #3 was portrayed as Yosemite Valley Railroad #27. The real Yosemite Valley #27 was a 2-6-0.
Other movie appearances[edit]
The Polar Express, 2004, although the locomotive does not make an appearance in the film, it's pre-record whistle blowing audio was used for the film's prototype of the recording and sounds of engine Pere Marquette 1225.
TV appearances[edit]
Sierra No. 3 has also appeared in many television shows.[2][5][6][7][8][11][12] According to Railtown 1897, these include the following:
The Lone Ranger, 1956, starring Clayton Moore and Jay Silverheels.
Tales of Wells Fargo, 1957, starring Dale Robertson and William Demarest
Casey Jones, 1958, starring Alan Hale, Jr..
Rawhide, 1959-1966, starring Clint Eastwood and Eric Fleming.
Overland Trail, 1960, starring William Bendix and Doug McClure.
Lassie, 1961–1962, starring Jon Provost, June Lockhart and Hugh Reilly.
Death Valley Days, 1962–1965, starring Ronald Reagan.
The Raiders, 1963 TV movie, starring Brian Keith and Robert Culp.
Petticoat Junction, 1963–1970, starring Bea Benaderet, Edgar Buchanan and Linda Kaye Henning. Sierra No. 3 pulled the Hooterville Cannonball passenger train.
The Wild Wild West, 1964, starring Robert Conrad and Ross Martin.
The Big Valley, 1964–1966, starring Barbara Stanwyck.
The Legend of Jesse James, 1965–1966, starring Christopher Jones and Allen Case.
Scalplock, 1966 TV movie, starring Dale Robertson and Diana Hyland.
Iron Horse, 1966-1968, starring Dale Robertson & Gary Owens. #3 portrayed as Buffalo Pass, Scalplock, & Defiance Railroad #3.
Cimarron Strip, 1967, starring Stuart Whitman and Jill Townsend.
Dundee and the Culhane, 1967, starring John Mills.
The Man from U.N.C.L.E., 1967, starring Robert Vaughn and David McCallum.
Ballad of the Iron Horse, 1967 documentary by John H. Secondari.
Gunsmoke, 1971, starring James Arness, Amanda Blake and Milburn Stone.
Bonanza, 1972, starring Lorne Greene and Michael Landon.
The Great Man's Whiskers, 1972 TV movie, starring Dean Jones, Ann Sothern and Dennis Weaver, telling the story of why Abraham Lincoln grew his beard.
Inventing of America, 1975 documentary by James Burke and Raymond Burr.
Little House on the Prairie, 1975–1983, starring Michael Landon, Karen Grassle and Melissa Gilbert.
Law of the Land, 1976 TV movie starring James Davis and Don Johnson.
A Woman Called Moses, a 1978 biopic miniseries about Harriet Tubman, starring Cicely Tyson.
Lacy and the Mississippi Queen, 1978 TV movie, starring Kathleen Lloyd and Debra Feuer.
Kate Bliss and the Ticker Tape Kid, 1978 TV movie, starring Suzanne Pleshette.
The Night Rider, 1979 TV movie, starring David Selby, Pernell Roberts and Kim Cattrall.
The Last Ride of the Dalton Gang, 1979 TV movie, starring Randy Quaid, Cliff Potts and Larry Wilcox
Belle Starr, 1980 TV movie, starring Elizabeth Montgomery and Cliff Potts.
East of Eden, 1981 TV miniseries based on John Steinbeck's novel, starring Bruce Boxleitner, Lloyd Bridges, Warren Oates and Anne Baxter.
Father Murphy, 1981, starring Merlin Olsen, Katherine Cannon and Moses Gunn.
The A-Team, 1984, starring George Peppard and Mr. T.
Bonanza: The Next Generation, 1988 TV movie, starring Michael Landon, Jr. and John Ireland.
The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr., 1993, starring Bruce Campbell.
Doctor Quinn, Medicine Woman, 1993, Season 5 Episode 1 "Runaway Train" reuses footage shot for Brisco County Jr.
See also[edit]
Trains portal
California portal
Sierra Railway 28, a 2-8-0 consolidation also owned by Railtown 1897
Dayton, also a vintage "Movie Star" 4-4-0
Inyo, another vintage 4-4-0 which has been featured on screen, including The Great Locomotive Chase and the television series Wild Wild West
William Mason, an 1856 B&O Railroad 4-4-0 which has starred in many films including The Great Locomotive Chase and Wild Wild West
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Wyatt, Kyle (July 23, 2009). "Detailed History of the Sierra #3". Railtown 1897 State Historic Park. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Sierra Railway No. 3 "The Movie Star Locomotive" Background Information". Railtown 1897 State Historic Park. California State Railroad Museum Foundation. Retrieved June 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ Huxtable, Nils (1995). Classic North American steam. Smithmark Publishers. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-8317-1474-1.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Wyatt, Kyle (February 27, 1991). "A History of Sierra Railway 4-6-0 No. 3" (Microsoft Word document). Railtown 1897 State Historic Park. Retrieved June 8, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c Reid, Dixie (January 25, 2007). "Train needs makeover before next Hollywood close-up". Scripps News. Retrieved June 5, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c "California Cultural and Historic Endowment supports famous Sierra Train restoration". CSL Connection. California State Library. 2004. Retrieved June 6, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Chamber Supports Efforts to Restore Sierra Engine No. 3". The Union Democrat. Sonora, California. December 26, 2006. Retrieved June 5, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Ashe, Suzanne (December 11, 2006). "Locomotive fund drive on fast track". The Union Democrat. Sonora, California. Retrieved June 5, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Restore Sierra No. 3, the "Movie Star" Steam Locomotive". California State Railroad Museum. 2009. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ Hecteman, Kevin W. (2010). Sacramento's Southern Pacific Shops. Arcadia Publishing. pp. 122–124. ISBN 978-0-7385-8052-4.
^ Jump up to: a b c Holland, John (June 19, 2010). "Back Tracks: Historic steam engine to run again in Jamestown". Modesto Bee. Modesto, California. Retrieved June 5, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Sierra Railroad in the Movies". Sierra Railroad. Retrieved November 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ http://cprr.org/Museum/Encyclopedia/_encyclopedia_2.html
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sierra Railway 3.
Railtown 1897 State Historic Park: Sierra #3 Moves Under Own Power!
Los Angeles Times: Restored 'movie star locomotive' returns to tracks for Fourth of July
KCRA video: Movie Locomotive Restored To Old Glory
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sierra_No._3&oldid=825149589"
Categories:
Preserved steam locomotives of the United States
California State Historic Parks
History of Tuolumne County, California
4-6-0 locomotives
Rogers locomotives
Individual locomotives of the United States
Clint Eastwood
Railway locomotives introduced in 1891
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Русский
Suomi
Svenska
Edit links
This page was last edited on 11 February 2018, at 19:39.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: alt src width height data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: id href

values: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color: #eeb47f; font-size:100%; padding-left:3em;

attrs: scope style

values: padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;

values: width:22em;border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none

values: UIC classification of locomotive axle arrangements

values: Prescott & Arizona Central Railway (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/William_H._Crocker
mw-redirect
William H. Crocker

values:
/wiki/Tuolumne_County
mw-redirect
Tuolumne County

values:
/wiki/Calaveras_County
mw-redirect
Calaveras County

values:
/wiki/Tuolumne,_California
mw-redirect
Tuolumne, California

values: Sierra Railroad Company (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Barry_Sullivan_(actor)
mw-redirect
Barry Sullivan (actor)

values:
/wiki/Edmund_O%27Brien
mw-redirect
Edmund O'Brien

values:
/wiki/Dorothy_Green_(actress_born_1920)
mw-redirect
Dorothy Green (actress born 1920)

values:
/wiki/Rashomon_(film)
mw-redirect
Rashomon (film)

values:
/wiki/Tony_Franciosa
mw-redirect
Tony Franciosa

values:
/wiki/Academy_Award
mw-redirect
Academy Award

values: Peter Alexander (actor) (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/The_Lone_Ranger
mw-redirect
The Lone Ranger

values:
/wiki/Alan_Hale,_Jr.
mw-redirect
Alan Hale, Jr.

values:
/wiki/The_Iron_Horse_(TV_series)
mw-redirect
The Iron Horse (TV series)

values:
/wiki/Law_of_the_Land
mw-redirect
Law of the Land

values: The Night Rider (1979 film) (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Michael_Landon,_Jr.
mw-redirect
Michael Landon, Jr.

values:
/wiki/Doctor_Quinn,_Medicine_Woman
mw-redirect
Doctor Quinn, Medicine Woman

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values:
/wiki/The_Great_Locomotive_Chase_(film)
mw-redirect
The Great Locomotive Chase (film)

values:
/wiki/B%26O_Railroad
mw-redirect
B&O Railroad

values:
/wiki/Wild_Wild_West_(film)
mw-redirect
Wild Wild West (film)

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.scrippsnews.com/node/18914

values:
/wiki/Modesto_Bee
mw-redirect
Modesto Bee

values:
nofollow
http://sierradinnertrain.com/movies/
external text

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: Category:Preserved steam locomotives of the United States

values: Category:California State Historic Parks

values: Category:History of Tuolumne County, California

values: Category:Individual locomotives of the United States

values: Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1891

values: Category:Standard gauge locomotives of the United States

values:
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
interface

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values:
/wiki/Sierra_No._3
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Sierra_No_3 rootpage-Sierra_No_3 skin-vector action-view


text:
Spring Baking Championship
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Spring Baking Championship
Genre
Food reality television
Presented by
Bobby Deen (2015–2016)
Jesse Palmer (2017)
Ali Khan (2018–)
Judges
Nancy Fuller
Duff Goldman
Lorraine Pascale
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
4
No. of episodes
19
Production
Producer(s)
LEG[1]
Running time
41:00
Release
Original network
Food Network
Original release
April 26, 2015 (2015-04-26) – present[1]
Chronology
Preceded by
Holiday Baking Championship
External links
Spring Baking Championship : Food Network
LEG
Spring Baking Championship is an American cooking competition television series that airs on Food Network. It was originally presented by chef Bobby Deen; with fellow Food Network chefs Nancy Fuller, Duff Goldman and Lorraine Pascale serving as judges.[2] All four chefs also appeared in the same roles on Holiday Baking Championship; and similar to that competition, the grand prize for the winner of this competition is also $50,000.[3]
The first season of Spring Baking Championship premiered on April 25, 2015.[1] The second season of the series premiered on April 10, 2016, and concluded on May 15, 2016.[4] The third season premiered on March 12, 2017, with Jesse Palmer replacing Deen as host. The fourth season premiered on March 12, 2018, with Ali Khan replacing Palmer as host.
Contents
[hide]
1 Rounds
2 Episodes
3 References
4 External links
Rounds[edit]
Like its sister shows, Holiday Baking Championship and Halloween Baking Championship this championship follows the same format with two rounds in each episode. The first round is the "Preliminary Heat" where the contestants must bake something centered around a specific theme (it's often a dessert but occasionally they'll have to make something savory in addition to a dessert). The person who wins the first round gets an advantage going into the next round and aren't told about it until the second round theme is announced. The advantage usually varies (Ex: Getting a few minutes head start or exclusive use of a specific flavor).
The second round is the "Main Heat" where the contestants get more time than the first round to create a larger confection that often follows along the same vein as the pre-heat theme. Partway through the main heat, there's often a curveball thrown in that has the bakers adapt or change their plans. (Ex: In "Bake the Rainbow", they had to incorporate the color black into their multi-colored desserts.)
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of Spring Baking Championship episodes
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "Spring Baking Championship (TV Series 2015– ) - IMDb". Internet Movie Database. Amazon.com. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ Goldman, Duff (June 2, 2015). "Wedding Cake Worth $50,000 on Spring Baking Championship — Duff Goldman's Finale Recap | FN Dish – Food Network Blog". Food Network. Scripps Networks Interactive. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ Matt (March 31, 2015). "Food Network Gossip: Food Network's April 2015 Programming Highlights". Food Network Gossip. Blogger. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Spring Baking Championship (TV Series 2015– ) - Episodes - IMDb". Internet Movie Database. Amazon.com. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
External links[edit]
Official website
Spring Baking Championship on IMDb
hide
v
t
e
Food Network original programming
Current
Barefoot Contessa (since 2002)
Beat Bobby Flay (since 2014)
Best Baker in America (since 2017)
Cake Wars (since 2015)
Chopped (since 2009)
Chopped After Hours (since 2015)
Chopped Junior (since 2015)
Cutthroat Kitchen (since 2013)
Dessert Games (since 2017)
Food Network Star (since 2005)
Girl Meets Farm (since 2018)
The Great Food Truck Race (since 2010)
Guy's Grocery Games (since 2013)
Halloween Baking Championship (since 2015)
Halloween Wars (since 2011)
Holiday Baking Championship (since 2014)
I Hart Food (since 2017)
Iron Chef America (since 2005)
Iron Chef Gauntlet (since 2017)
Kids Baking Championship (since 2015)
The Kitchen (since 2014)
Kitchen Sink (since 2016)
The Pioneer Woman (since 2011)
Spring Baking Championship (since 2015)
Trisha's Southern Kitchen (since 2012)
Valerie's Home Cooking (since 2015)
Worst Cooks in America (since 2010)
Former
1990s debuts
Cooking Live (1997–2003)
Emeril Live (1997–2010)
Essence of Emeril (1994–2007)
Good Eats (1999–2012)
How to Boil Water (1993–2000)
2000s debuts
30 Minute Meals (2001–2012)
$40 a Day (2002–2005)
5 Ingredient Fix (2009–2011)
A Cook's Tour (2002–2003)
Ace of Cakes (2006–2011)
Ask Aida (2008–2009)
BBQ with Bobby Flay (2004–2007)
Behind the Bash (2006)
Big Daddy's House (2008–2011)
Boy Meets Grill (2002–2011)
Chocolate with Jacques Torres (2002–2004)
Cupcake Wars (2009–2016)
Dinner: Impossible (2007–2010)
Everyday Italian (2003–2008)
Extreme Cuisine with Jeff Corwin (2009–2010)
Feasting on Asphalt (2006–2008)
Food 911 (2000–2006)
Food Network Challenge (2007–2011)
Giada at Home (2008–2015)
Giada's Weekend Getaways (2007–2008)
Glutton for Punishment (2007–2011)
Good Deal with Dave Lieberman (2005–2007)
Guy's Big Bite (2006–2016)
Ham on the Street (2006)
How'd That Get on My Plate? (2008)
The Next Iron Chef (2007–2012)
Party Line with the Hearty Boys (2005–2006)
Paula's Best Dishes (2008–2013)
Paula's Home Cooking (2002–2012)
Private Chefs of Beverly Hills (2009–2011)
Rachael Ray's Tasty Travels (2005–2009)
Road Tasted (2006–2008)
The Secret Life of... (2002–2008)
Sara's Secrets (2002–2007)
Sugar Rush (2005–2007)
Ten Dollar Dinners (2009–2012)
Throwdown! with Bobby Flay (2006–2010)
Tyler's Ultimate (2003–2010)
Ultimate Recipe Showdown (2008–2010)
Unwrapped (2001–2011)
What Would Brian Boitano Make? (2009–2010)
Will Work for Food (2009)
2010s debuts
24 Hour Restaurant Battle (2010–2011)
$24 in 24 (2012)
Aarti Party (2010–2011)
America's Best Cook (2014)
BBQ Blitz (2015)
Brunch @ Bobby's (2010–2015)
Chef Wanted with Anne Burrell (2012–2013)
Clash of the Grandmas (2015–2016)
Food Network Star Kids (2016)
Guilty Pleasures (2015–2016)
Heat Seekers (2011–2012)
Iron Chef Showdown (2017)
Kid in a Candy Store (2010–2011)
Kids BBQ Championship (2016–2017)
Kitchen Casino (2014)
Mystery Diners (2012–2016)
Patricia Heaton Parties (2015–2016)
Rachael vs. Guy: Celebrity Cook-Off (2012–2014)
Restaurant Express (2013)
Restaurant: Impossible (2011–2016)
Restaurant Stakeout (2012–2014)
Rewrapped (2014)
Southern at Heart (2013–2016)
Sweet Genius (2011–2013)
Top 5 Restaurants (2015–2016)
Worst Bakers in America (2016)
Pilots and specials
The Big Waste (2012)
Kids Halloween Baking Championship (2016)
Rebel Eats (2013)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spring_Baking_Championship&oldid=846917893"
Categories:
2010s American television series
2015 American television series debuts
English-language television programs
Spring Baking Championship
Television series by LEG (entertainment company)
Food Network series
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Add links
This page was last edited on 21 June 2018, at 17:42 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

value: i

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

value: th

attrs: colspan class style

values: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-style: italic; background: #CCCCFF; padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em;

value: tr

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

value: td

attrs: colspan style

attrs: href title

value: span

value: li

values: text-align:center;background: #CCCCFF; padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em;

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.leg-corp.com

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt4658614

values:
/wiki/Internet_Movie_Database
mw-redirect
Internet Movie Database

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4658614/
external text

values: List of programs broadcast by Food Network

values:
/wiki/Will_Work_for_Food_(TV_show)
mw-redirect
Will Work for Food (TV show)

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible

values: Category:2010s American television series

values: Category:2015 American television series debuts

values: Category:Television series by LEG (entertainment company)

values:
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
interface

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Spring_Baking_Championship
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Spring_Baking_Championship rootpage-Spring_Baking_Championship skin-vector action-view


text:
Saint Lawrence River
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article's factual accuracy is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are reliably sourced. (September 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Saint Lawrence River
Fleuve Saint-Laurent, Fleuve St-Laurent, St-Lawrence River, St-Laurent River
Saint Lawrence River near Alexandria Bay
Name origin: Saint Lawrence of Rome
Countries
Canada, United States
Provinces
Ontario, Quebec
State
New York
Source
Lake Ontario
- location Kingston, Ontario / Cape Vincent, New York
- elevation 74.7 m (245 ft)
- coordinates 44°06′N 76°24′W / 44.100°N 76.400°W / 44.100; -76.400
Mouth
Gulf of St. Lawrence / Atlantic Ocean
- elevation 0 m (0 ft)
- coordinates 49°30′N 64°30′W / 49.500°N 64.500°W / 49.500; -64.500Coordinates: 49°30′N 64°30′W / 49.500°N 64.500°W / 49.500; -64.500
Length
500 km (310 mi) Excluding the estuary. Ca. 1200 km if included.
Basin
1,344,200 km2 (519,000 sq mi) [1]
Discharge
for below the Saguenay River
- average 16,800 m3/s (590,000 cu ft/s) [2]
Map of the Saint Lawrence/Great Lakes Watershed
The Saint Lawrence River (French: Fleuve Saint-Laurent; Tuscarora: Kahnawáʼkye;[3] Mohawk: Kaniatarowanenneh, meaning "big waterway") is a large river in the middle latitudes of North America. The Saint Lawrence River flows in a roughly north-easterly direction, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean and forming the primary drainage outflow of the Great Lakes Basin. It traverses the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario, and is part of the international boundary between Ontario, Canada, and the U.S. state of New York. This river also provides the basis of the commercial Saint Lawrence Seaway.
Contents
[hide]
1 Geography
2 History
3 Resident whales
4 Sources
5 Works
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
Geography[edit]
The Saint Lawrence River begins at the outflow of Lake Ontario and flows through Gananoque, Brockville, Morristown, Ogdensburg, Massena, Cornwall, Montreal, Trois-Rivières, and Quebec City before draining into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, the largest estuary in the world.[4] The estuary begins at the eastern tip of Île d'Orléans, just downstream from Quebec City.[2] The river becomes tidal around Quebec City.[5]
The Saint Lawrence River runs 3,058 kilometres (1,900 mi) from the farthest headwater to the mouth and 1,197 km (743.8 mi) from the outflow of Lake Ontario. These numbers include the estuary; without the estuary the length from Lake Ontario is ca. 500 km (ca. 300 mi). The farthest headwater is the North River in the Mesabi Range at Hibbing, Minnesota. Its drainage area, which includes the Great Lakes, the world's largest system of freshwater lakes, is 1,344,200 square kilometres (518,998.5 sq mi), of which 839,200 km2 (324,016.9 sq mi) is in Canada and 505,000 km2 (194,981.6 sq mi) is in the United States. The basin covers parts of Ontario and Quebec in Canada, parts of Illinois, Indiana, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Wisconsin, and nearly the entirety of the state of Michigan in the United States. The average discharge below the Saguenay River is 16,800 cubic metres per second (590,000 cu ft/s). At Quebec City, it is 12,101 m3/s (427,300 cu ft/s). The average discharge at the river's source, the outflow of Lake Ontario, is 7,410 m3/s (262,000 cu ft/s).[2]
The Saint Lawrence River includes Lake Saint-Louis south of Montreal, Lake Saint Francis at Salaberry-de-Valleyfield and Lac Saint-Pierre east of Montreal. It encompasses four archipelagoes: the Thousand Islands chain near Alexandria Bay, New York and Kingston, Ontario; the Hochelaga Archipelago, including the Island of Montreal and Île Jésus (Laval); the Lake St. Pierre Archipelago (classified biosphere world reserve by the UNESCO in 2000)[6] and the smaller Mingan Archipelago. Other islands include Île d'Orléans near Quebec City and Anticosti Island north of the Gaspé. It is the second longest river in Canada.
Lake Champlain and the Ottawa, Richelieu, Saint-Maurice, Saint-François and Saguenay rivers drain into the Saint Lawrence.
The Saint Lawrence River is in a seismically active zone where fault reactivation is believed to occur along late Proterozoic to early Paleozoic normal faults related to the opening of Iapetus Ocean. The faults in the area are rift related and are called the Saint Lawrence rift system.
According to the United States Geological Survey, the Saint Lawrence Valley is a physiographic province of the larger Appalachian division, containing the Champlain and Northern physiographic section.[7] However, in Canada, where most of the valley is, it is instead considered part of a distinct Saint Lawrence Lowlands physiographic division, and not part of the Appalachian division at all.[8]
History[edit]
Map of 1543 showing Cartier's discoveries
Basque settlements and sites dating from the 16th and 17th centuries
Though the Norse explored the Gulf of Saint Lawrence in the 11th century and were followed by fifteenth and early sixteenth century European mariners, such as John Cabot, the brothers Gaspar, Miguel Corte-Real, and Alonso Sanchez, the first European explorer known to have sailed up the Saint Lawrence River itself was Jacques Cartier. At that time, the land along the river was inhabited by the St. Lawrence Iroquoians; at the time of Cartier's second voyage in 1535. Because Cartier arrived in the estuary on Saint Lawrence's feast day, he named it the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.[9] The Saint Lawrence River is partly within the U.S. and as such is that country's sixth oldest surviving European place-name.[10]
The earliest regular Europeans in the area were the Basques, who came to the St Lawrence Gulf and River in pursuit of whales from the early 16th century. The Basque whalers and fishermen traded with indigenous Americans and set up settlements, leaving vestiges all over the coast of eastern Canada and deep into the Saint Lawrence River. Basque commercial and fishing activity reached its peak before the Armada Invencible's disaster (1588), when the Spanish Basque whaling fleet was confiscated by King Philip II of Spain and largely destroyed. Initially, the whaling galleons from Labourd were not affected by the Spanish defeat.
Until the early 17th century, the French used the name Rivière du Canada to designate the Saint Lawrence upstream to Montreal and the Ottawa River after Montreal. The Saint Lawrence River served as the main route for European exploration of the North American interior, first pioneered by French explorer Samuel de Champlain.
Control of the river was crucial to British strategy to capture New France in the Seven Years' War. Having captured Louisbourg in 1758, the British sailed up to Quebec the following year thanks to charts drawn up by James Cook. British troops were ferried via the Saint Lawrence to attack the city from the west, which they successfully did at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham. The river was used again by the British to defeat the French siege of Quebec under the Chevalier de Lévis in 1760.
Because of the virtually impassable Lachine Rapids, the Saint Lawrence was once continuously navigable only as far as Montreal. Opened in 1825, the Lachine Canal was the first to allow ships to pass the rapids. An extensive system of canals and locks, known as the Saint Lawrence Seaway, was officially opened on 26 June 1959 by Elizabeth II (representing Canada) and President Dwight D. Eisenhower (representing the United States). The Seaway now permits ocean-going vessels to pass all the way to Lake Superior.
During the Second World War, the Battle of the St. Lawrence involved submarine and anti-submarine actions throughout the lower Saint Lawrence River and the entire Gulf of Saint Lawrence, Strait of Belle Isle and Cabot Strait from May to October 1942, September 1943, and again in October and November 1944. During this time, German U-boats sank several merchant marine ships and three Canadian warships.
In the late 1970s, the river was the subject of a successful ecological campaign (called "Save the River"), originally responding to planned development by the United States Army Corps of Engineers. The campaign was organized, among others, by Abbie Hoffman.[citation needed]
Resident whales[edit]
See also: Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park
Watching fin whales off Tadoussac
Beluga whale (Near Threatened)
Sperm whale (Vulnerable)
Minke whale
Fin whale (Endangered)
Blue whale (Endangered)
Northern bottlenose whale
Northern Atlantic right whale (now rarer due to Endangered status, but increasing in St. Lawrence regions since in 1995 or 1998[11])[12][13][14][15]
Bowhead whale (very occasionally, historically common)
North Atlantic gray whale (Extinct)[16]
Humpback whale
Sources[edit]
The source of the North River in the Mesabi Range in Minnesota (Seven Beaver Lake) is considered to be the source of the Saint Lawrence River. Because it crosses so many lakes, the water system frequently changes its name. From source to mouth, the names are:
North River[17]
Saint Louis River[18]
Lake Superior
Saint Marys River
Lake Huron
Saint Clair River
Lake Saint Clair
Detroit River
Lake Erie
Niagara River
Lake Ontario
The Saint Lawrence River also passes through Lake Saint-Louis and Lake Saint-Pierre in Quebec.
Saint Lawrence River between Quebec City (left foreground) and Lévis (seen at right). The Île d'Orléans appears in the central distance.
Works[edit]
The Saint Lawrence River is at the heart of many Quebec novels (Anne Hébert's Kamouraska, Réjean Ducharme's L'avalée des avalés), poems (in works of Pierre Morency, Bernard Pozier), and songs (Leonard Cohen's "Suzanne", Michel Rivard's "L'oubli", Joe Dassin's "Dans les yeux d'Émilie"), and André Gagnon's "Le Saint-Laurent"). The river was the setting for the Canadian television drama series Seaway. The river has also been portrayed in paintings, notably by the Group of Seven. In addition, the river is the namesake of Saint-Laurent Herald at the Canadian Heraldic Authority.
In 1980 Jacques Cousteau traveled to Canada to make two films on the Saint Lawrence River and the Great Lakes, Cries from the Deep and St. Lawrence: Stairway to the Sea.[19]
Musician David Usher released the song "St. Lawrence River" on his Little Songs album in 1998.[20]
The novel and film Black Robe is set primarily on the St. Lawrence River during the 17th century.
See also[edit]
Gulf of Saint Lawrence
Estuary of Saint Lawrence
Lac Saint-Pierre
Lachine Rapids
RMS Empress of Ireland
Saint Lawrence Seaway
Steamboats in Canada
NEPCO 140 Oil Spill
Boldt Castle
Container on barge
Grindstone Island
Jorstadt Castle
Wellesley Island
List of longest rivers of the United States (by main stem)
List of longest rivers of Canada
List of Quebec rivers
List of Ontario rivers
List of New York rivers
List of crossings of the Saint Lawrence River
Geography of Canada portal
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Natural Resources Canada, Atlas of Canada - Rivers
^ Jump up to: a b c Benke, Arthur C.; Cushing, Colbert E. (2005). Rivers of North America. Academic Press. pp. 989–990. ISBN 978-0-12-088253-3. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
Jump up ^ Rudes, B. Tuscarora English Dictionary Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999
Jump up ^ Arkus, Mike (27 October 2014). "Down the St. Lawrence, the World's Largest Estuary: Canadian Odyssey on the Looney Front - Part 21". Huffington Post. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
Jump up ^ Dawson, Samuel Edward (October 2007). The Saint Lawrence: Its Basin and Border-lands. Heritage Books. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-7884-2252-2. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
Jump up ^ Lac Saint-Pierre et son archipel. Pleinairalacarte.com (2008-11-07). Retrieved on 2013-07-12.
Jump up ^ "Physiographic divisions of the conterminous U.S." U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved 2007-12-06.
Jump up ^ "Physiographic Regions of Canada" (PDF). Natural Resources Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
Jump up ^ Johnson, William Henry (2007-05-20). French Pathfinders in North America. Gutenberg.org. Retrieved 2011-02-27.
Jump up ^ The Spanish names Florida, Dry Tortugas, Cape Canaveral, Appalachian, and California appeared earlier.....From Spanish historian Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas's accounts, published in 1601 -- Stewart, George (1945). Names on the Land: A Historical Account of Place-Naming in the United States. New York: Random House. pp. 11–17, 29.
Jump up ^ "Une baleine noire en vue! Merci d'appeler Urgences Mammifères Marins! - Baleines en direct".
Jump up ^ "Introduction". Archived from the original on 22 October 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "Hear them coming: right whales return to the Gulf of St. Lawrence". Fisheries and Oceans Canada Homepage. 2013-04-22. Retrieved 2016-02-05.
Jump up ^ "Une baleine noire dans le Parc marin du Saguenay-Saint-Laurent".
Jump up ^ "Une baleine noire observée près de l'île Rouge - Baleines en direct".
Jump up ^ Regional Species Extinctions - Examples of regional species extinctions over the last 1000 years and more.
Jump up ^ "Saint Lawrence River and Seaway". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
Jump up ^ "Saint Lawrence". MSN Encarta. Archived from the original on 6 July 2008. Retrieved 7 September 2009.
Jump up ^ Ohayon, Albert (2009). "When Cousteau Came to Canada". NFB.ca. National Film Board of Canada. Retrieved 2009-10-25.
Jump up ^ https://www.amazon.ca/Little-Songs-Usher-David/dp/B000065Q67/ref=sr_1_5?ie=UTF8&qid=1410971002&sr=8-5&keywords=little+songs
Further reading[edit]
Creighton, Donald Grant (2002) [1937], The empire of the St. Lawrence: a study in commerce and politics (reprint), University of Toronto Press, ISBN 0-8020-8418-4
Dawson, Samuel Edward (2003), The Saint Lawrence: Its Basin and Border-lands, Heritage Books, ISBN 0-7884-2252-9
Ellis, William S. (May 1980). "Canada's Highway to the Sea". National Geographic. Vol. 157 no. 5. pp. 586–623. ISSN 0027-9358. OCLC 643483454.
McNeese, Tim (2005), The St. Lawrence River, Chelsea House Publishers, ISBN 0791082458
Parham, Claire Puccia (2009), The St. Lawrence Seaway and Power Project : an oral history of the greatest construction show on earth, Syracuse University, ISBN 978-0-8156-0913-1
Stagg, Ronald (2010), The Golden Dream: A History of the St. Lawrence Seaway, Dundurn Press, ISBN 978-1-55002-887-4
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saint Lawrence River.
Regional Geography of the Saint Lawrence River
Information about Juniper Island (Ontario)
St. Lawrence Parks Commission (Ontario)
Great Lakes Saint Lawrence Seaway System
Safe Passage: Aids to Navigation on the Saint Lawrence – Historical essay, illustrated with drawings and photographs
Annotated Bibliography on St. Lawrence County and Northern New York region.
International Saint Lawrence River Board of Control
Saint Lawrence River from The Canadian Encyclopedia
Saint Lawrence River Cam
Watch the Jacques Cousteau documentary, St. Lawrence: Stairway to the Sea
The Steamboats Sir James Kemp and Lord Dalhousie on the River St. Lawrence, Upper Canada in 1833 by D.J. Kennedy, Historical Society of Pennsylvania

[hide]
v
t
e
Great Lakes of North America
Main lakes
Erie
Huron
Michigan
Ontario
Superior
Secondary lakes
Nipigon
Nipissing
St. Clair
Simcoe
Winnebago
Bays and
Waterways
Detroit River
Erie Canal
French River
Georgian Bay
Great Lakes Waterway
Green Bay
Lake George
Lake Kagawong
Lake Manitou
Lake Nicolet
Manitou Passage
Lake Mindemoya
Munuscong Lake
Niagara River
Nipigon River
North Channel
Potagannissing Bay
St. Clair River
Saint Lawrence River
Saint Lawrence Seaway
St. Marys River
Sault Ste. Marie Canal
Soo Locks
Straits of Mackinac
Trent–Severn Waterway
Welland Canal
Islands
Detroit River
Michigan (state) (in Lake Huron, part of Isle Royale National Park)
Ontario
Historic geology
Lake Agassiz
Lake Chicago
Lake Maumee
Mackinac Falls
Midcontinent Rift System
Niagara Escarpment
Wisconsin glaciation
Government
Conference of Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Governors and Premiers
Great Lakes Commission
Great Lakes Fishery Commission
International Joint Commission
Related topics
Basin
Bays of the Great Lakes
Great Lakes region
Great Lake ships
Lake-effect snow
Lake Michigan–Huron
Marine protected areas
Megalopolis
Native American tribes (US)
Quebec City–Windsor Corridor
Settlements
Great Lakes museum and historic ships
Lake freighter
Tall ships
Great Lakes Areas of Concern
Great Lakes Treaties
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 316432323
GND: 4077008-4
BNF: cb15336896h (data)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saint_Lawrence_River&oldid=829893628"
Categories:
Saint Lawrence River
North American watersheds of the Atlantic Ocean
Physiographic provinces
International rivers of North America
Rivers of New York (state)
Rivers of Ontario
Canada–United States border
Rivers of Montérégie
Rivers of Capitale-Nationale
Rivers of St. Lawrence County, New York
Regions of New York (state)
Rivers of Quebec
Hidden categories:
Accuracy disputes from September 2017
All accuracy disputes
Coordinates on Wikidata
Geobox usage tracking for river type
Articles containing French-language text
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from August 2012
Pages using div col without cols and colwidth parameters
Pages using Columns-list with deprecated parameters
Use dmy dates from November 2011
Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Afrikaans
Alemannisch
Ænglisc
العربية
Asturianu
Azərbaycanca
تۆرکجه
Bân-lâm-gú
Башҡортса
Беларуская
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
भोजपुरी
Български
Brezhoneg
Català
Чӑвашла
Cebuano
Čeština
Chi-Chewa
Cymraeg
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Galego
客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî
한국어
Հայերեն
हिन्दी
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Íslenska
Italiano
עברית
ქართული
Қазақша
Kreyòl ayisyen
Kurdî
Latina
Latviešu
Lietuvių
Ligure
Lumbaart
Magyar
മലയാളം
मराठी
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Occitan
Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
پنجابی
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Scots
Simple English
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
Taqbaylit
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
اردو
Vèneto
Tiếng Việt
Winaray
粵語
中文
73 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 11 March 2018, at 13:16.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: b

value: small

value: tbody

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-disputed

values: text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.25em; background-color: #b3cce4;

values: text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background-color: #b3cce4;

values:
/wiki/Lawrence_of_Rome
mw-redirect
Lawrence of Rome

values:
mergedtoprow
Etymology (origin) of the name

values: Country/Countries in which the site lies

values:
mergedrow
State/States in which the site lies

values:
mergedrow
Regions in which the site lies

values:
mergedrow
Source elevation above sea level (ASL)

values: Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location

values:
/wiki/Gulf_of_St._Lawrence
mw-redirect
Gulf of St. Lawrence

values:
mergedrow
Mouth elevation above sea level (ASL)

values:
mergedrow
Drainage basin/catchment area/watershed

values: width: 256px; padding: 0; font-size: 89%;

values:
/wiki/Outflow_(hydrology)
mw-redirect
Outflow (hydrology)

values:
/wiki/Gananoque,_Ontario
mw-redirect
Gananoque, Ontario

values:
/wiki/Morristown,_New_York
mw-redirect
Morristown, New York

values:
/wiki/Lac_Saint-Pierre
mw-redirect
Lac Saint-Pierre

values:
/wiki/Saint-Francois_River
mw-redirect
Saint-Francois River

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Gaspar_Corte_Real
mw-redirect
Gaspar Corte Real

values:
/wiki/Alonso_Sanchez
mw-redirect
Alonso Sanchez

values:
/wiki/Armada_Invencible
mw-redirect
Armada Invencible

values:
/wiki/Chevalier_de_L%C3%A9vis
mw-redirect
Chevalier de Lévis

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2012)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Northern_Atlantic_right_whale
mw-redirect
Northern Atlantic right whale

values: div-col columns column-count column-count-2

values: -moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;

values:
/wiki/Lake_Saint_Clair_(North_America)
mw-redirect
Lake Saint Clair (North America)

values:
/wiki/Lake_Saint-Pierre
mw-redirect
Lake Saint-Pierre

values: margin-left: auto; margin-right:auto; overflow:hidden; width:auto; max-width:1032px; border-width:0; background:transparent;

values: L'avalée des avalés (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/RMS_Empress_of_Ireland_(1906)
mw-redirect
RMS Empress of Ireland (1906)

values:
/wiki/NEPCO_140_Oil_Spill
mw-redirect
NEPCO 140 Oil Spill

values:
/wiki/Jorstadt_Castle
mw-redirect
Jorstadt Castle

values: List of crossings of the Saint Lawrence River

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values:
nofollow
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/21543/
external text

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
/wiki/National_Geographic_(magazine)
mw-redirect
National Geographic (magazine)

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0027-9358

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/643483454

values: refbegin div-col columns column-count column-count-2

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.juniperisland.com

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.parks.on.ca/home.htm

values:
nofollow
http://www.greatlakes-seaway.com/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.readingstlawrencecounty.com

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.islrbc.org

values:
/wiki/File:Great_Lakes_from_space.jpg
image
North American Great Lakes

values:
navbox-image
7
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: List of islands in Isle Royale National Park

values: List of marine protected areas of the Great Lakes

values: Category:Populated places on the Great Lakes

values: List of Great Lakes museum and historic ships

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
nofollow
external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/316432323

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/4077008-4

values: Category:North American watersheds of the Atlantic Ocean

values: Category:International rivers of North America

values: Category:Rivers of St. Lawrence County, New York

values: Category:Accuracy disputes from September 2017

values: Category:Geobox usage tracking for river type

values: Category:Articles containing French-language text

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2012

values: Category:Pages using div col without cols and colwidth parameters

values: Category:Pages using Columns-list with deprecated parameters

values: Category:Use dmy dates from November 2011

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values:
/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-af
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-als
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ang
display: none;

values: نهر سانت لورانس – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ast
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-azb
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan
display: none;

values: Изге Лаврентий йылғаһы – Bashkir

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ba
display: none;

values: Святога Лаўрэнція – Belarusian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be
display: none;

values: Рака Сьвятога Лаўрэнція – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old
display: none;

values: सेंट लॉरेंस नदी – Bhojpuri

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bh
display: none;

values: Сейнт Лорънс – Bulgarian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-br
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values: Таса Лаврентий юханшывĕ – Chuvash

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cv
display: none;

values: Fleuve Saint-Laurent (suba sa Ontario) – Cebuano

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ny
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cy
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-de
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values: Άγιος Λαυρέντιος (ποταμός) – Greek

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values: رودخانه سن‌لوران – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hak
display: none;

values: 세인트로렌스강 – Korean

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values: Սուրբ Լավրենտիոս – Armenian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

values: सेंट लारेंस नदी – Hindi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-is
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: סנט לורנס (נהר) – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values: წმინდა ლავრენტი (მდინარე) – Georgian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ka
display: none;

values: Әулие Лаврентий өзені – Kazakh

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ht
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ku
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-la
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lij
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values: സെയിന്റ് ലോറൻസ് നദി – Malayalam

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ml
display: none;

values: सेंट लॉरेन्स नदी – Marathi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ms
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values: セントローレンス川 – Japanese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-oc
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uz
display: none;

values: ਸੇਂਟ ਲਾਰੰਸ ਦਰਿਆ – Punjabi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pa
display: none;

values: دریائے سینٹ لارنس – Western Punjabi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: Rio São Lourenço (América do Norte) – Portuguese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pt
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values: Река Святого Лаврентия – Russian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sco
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sl
display: none;

values: Сен Лорен – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values: Saint Lawrence (rijeka) – Serbo-Croatian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kab
display: none;

values: แม่น้ำเซนต์ลอว์เรนซ์ – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values: Річка Святого Лаврентія – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: دریائے سینٹ لارنس – Urdu

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vec
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-war
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Saint_Lawrence_River rootpage-Saint_Lawrence_River skin-vector action-view