text:
Fiscal multiplier
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the effect of spending on national income. For the multiplier effect in banking, see Fractional-reserve banking.
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
In economics, the fiscal multiplier (not to be confused with monetary multiplier) is the ratio of a change in national income to the change in government spending that causes it. More generally, the exogenous spending multiplier is the ratio of a change in national income to any autonomous change in spending (private investment spending, consumer spending, government spending, or spending by foreigners on the country's exports) that causes it. When this multiplier exceeds one, the enhanced effect on national income is called the multiplier effect. The mechanism that can give rise to a multiplier effect is that an initial incremental amount of spending can lead to increased income and hence increased consumption spending, increasing income further and hence further increasing consumption, etc., resulting in an overall increase in national income greater than the initial incremental amount of spending. In other words, an initial change in aggregate demand may cause a change in aggregate output (and hence the aggregate income that it generates) that is a multiple of the initial change.
The existence of a multiplier effect was initially proposed by Keynes student Richard Kahn in 1930 and published in 1931.[1] Some other schools of economic thought reject or downplay the importance of multiplier effects, particularly in terms of the long run. The multiplier effect has been used as an argument for the efficacy of government spending or taxation relief to stimulate aggregate demand.
In certain cases multiplier values less than one have been empirically measured (an example is sports stadiums), suggesting that certain types of government spending crowd out private investment or consumer spending that would have otherwise taken place. This crowding out can occur because the initial increase in spending may cause an increase in interest rates or in the price level.[2] In 2009, The Economist magazine noted "economists are in fact deeply divided about how well, or indeed whether, such stimulus works",[3] partly because of a lack of empirical data from non-military based stimulus. New evidence came from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, whose benefits were projected based on fiscal multipliers and which was in fact followed—from 2010 to 2012—by a slowing of job loss and private sector job growth.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Net government spending
2 Example
3 Applications
4 Fiscal multipliers in simplified context
4.1 Income tax multiplier
4.2 Government spending multiplier
4.3 Balanced-budget fiscal multiplier
5 Estimated values
5.1 United States of America
5.2 Europe
5.3 IMF
6 Criticisms
6.1 Crowding out
6.2 Marginal propensity to consume
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
Net government spending[edit]
The other important aspect of the multiplier is that to the extent that government spending generates new consumption, it also generates "new" tax revenues. For example, when money is spent in a shop, purchases taxes such as VAT are paid on the expenditure, and the shopkeeper earns a higher income, and thus pays more income taxes. Therefore, although the government spends $1, it is likely that it receives back a significant proportion of the $1 in due course, making the net expenditure much less than $1. Indeed, in theory, it is possible, if the initial expenditure is targeted well, that the government could receive back more than the initial $1 expended.
Example[edit]
For example, suppose that a government spends $1 million to have a factory built. The money does not disappear, but rather becomes wages to builders, revenue to suppliers etc. The builders will have higher disposable income, and consumption may rise, so that aggregate demand will also rise. Supposing further that recipients of the new spending by the government in turn spend their new income, this will raise demand and possibly consumption further, and so on.
The increase in the gross domestic product is the sum of the increases in net income of everyone affected. If the builder receives $1 million and pays out $800,000 to sub-contractors, he has a net income of $200,000 and a corresponding increase in disposable income (the amount remaining after taxes).
This process proceeds down the line through sub-contractors and their employees, each experiencing an increase in disposable income to the degree the new work they perform does not displace other work they are already performing. Each participant who experiences an increase in disposable income then spends some portion of it on final (consumer) goods, according to his or her marginal propensity to consume, which causes the cycle to repeat an arbitrary number of times, limited only by the spare capacity available.
Applications[edit]
The multiplier effect is exploited by governments attempting to use fiscal stimulus policies to increase the general level of economic activity. This can be done in a period of recession or economic uncertainty, when unemployment of labor is high and other resources are underutilized. Increased spending by government increases the rate of aggregate demand, increasing business activity, which increases income, which further increases spending and aggregate demand, in a virtuous cycle. The idea is that the total increase in production and income by all parties throughout the economy may be greater than the original increment to government spending, as additional resources are drawn into the circular flows of money spending and business activity through the economy. The existence of idle capacity and involuntary unemployment of labor in the economy can be represented as an output gap—a difference between actual GDP and potential GDP—and a policy of fiscal stimulus may aim at introducing sufficient additional spending, amplified by the multiplier, to speed the closing of the output gap.
Any additional spending by government must be financed, by drawing down reserves, by additional taxes or by issuing additional government debt instruments (i.e. borrowing). Increased taxes exactly matched to increased spending might seem designed to draw out of the circulating flow of the economy an amount of income in taxes exactly equal to the amount being injected by additional government purchases. Increased borrowing to finance additional government purchases might also be supposed to be designed to draw out of the circulating flow an amount equal to the additional government purchases, perhaps by crowding out private borrowing for investment spending. In the history of economic thought, the notion that any increase in government spending necessarily crowds out an equal amount of private spending or investment, through taxation or borrowing, and thus has no net impact on economic activity, is known as the Treasury View, and is regarded as generally fallacious. The argument that the choice of taxes or borrowing to finance government spending must be equivalent in that taxpayers observe borrowing and save in anticipation of taxes to repay the borrowing is known as Ricardian Equivalence, and is sometimes cited as a rationale for believing that fiscal stimulus policy will be made futile by the reactions of rational consumers and businesses, reducing their spending or investing in exact proportion to increases in public spending, in a scenario similar to that envisioned in the Treasury View.
Whether an incremental increase to government spending will have a multiplier effect is thought to depend on circumstances in the economy: first, particularly on the extent to which unemployment of resources may be high, so that the additional demand represented by government purchases may be realized by additional production and higher utilization of resources, without bidding up prices; second, by the state of the financial and credit markets, where demand for money and money instruments may welcome additional government debt as low-risk securities, but may regard investment in private production capacity or capital formation as too risky, given a low level of general business activity.
When unemployment of resources in the economy is high, and cash, in effect, is being hoarded in the financial and credit system, the fiscal multiplier may be 1 or greater. Even a balanced budget fiscal stimulus—additional public purchases fully financed by equivalent increases in taxation without any additional public borrowing—may have a multiplier greater than 1, as the increase in output and business activity reduces persistent unemployment and the anxiety driving hoarding, with resulting increases in private consumption and investment reducing the time it takes for the economy to return to full employment.[5]
Government borrowing to finance additional public purchases in circumstances in which cash is being hoarded in the financial and credit system will not displace private investment spending. An additional supply of low-risk government securities may simply provide vehicles for continued hoarding as short-term government securities are regarded as closely equivalent to cash. In such circumstances, policy to increase aggregate demand and total business activity by means of fiscal measures may treat additional purchases and reductions in taxes as interchangeable near equivalents, with the changes in the net difference between spending and taxation identified as the deficit-financed fiscal stimulus. The net fiscal stimulus may be increased by raising spending above the level of tax revenues, reducing taxes below the level of government spending, or any combination of the two that results in the government taxing less than it spends.
The extent of the multiplier effect in increasing domestic business activity is dependent upon the marginal propensity to consume and marginal propensity to import. Some public purchases or tax reductions may be identified as having larger or more immediate effects on business activity in the short-run. For example, it may be argued that tax cuts or spending aimed at the lowest income households, whose spending is most constrained by income, will have a higher multiplier, because such households will spend a larger fraction of any addition to income faster.
How potent a fiscal stimulus is in stimulating expansion of economic activity may depend on how accommodating the monetary authority—the central bank—is. Many economists subscribe to a consensus view in which monetary policy is preferred as a means of regulating the business cycle, and fiscal stimulus is regarded as effective only in circumstances in which monetary policy has become ineffective, because policy interest rates are approaching the zero lower bound or a liquidity trap has developed, in which the financial system is hoarding money and failing to finance risky investment in capital formation and increased output. If monetary policy was effective, monetary policy would dominate fiscal policy, making the latter ineffective. Additional public borrowing and spending would tend to increase interest rates, because the monetary authority would increase interest rates in response to additional public borrowing and spending, in an effort to contain the effects on the level of public activity—to prevent overheating in the demand for resources and inflation, for example.
Whether the long-run benefits of public investments in public goods and infrastructure, should be considered in constructing a quantified estimate of the multiplier—that is, whether the multiplier should, in effect, incorporate or represent a cost-benefit analysis—is an area of conceptual confusion and controversy. In a case in which there appears to be substantial, persistent unemployment, it can be argued that opportunity costs for public spending are reduced, to the extent that the multiplier exceeds 1. Whether that would or should justify otherwise wasteful government spending is controversial, on the one hand, and on the other hand, whether the supposed wastefulness of government spending justifies reducing multiplier estimates that reflect only GDP effects to smaller estimates reflecting welfare effects, remains a matter of political controversy.
It is sometimes argued that if the money is borrowed, it must eventually be paid back with interest, such that the long-term effect on the economy depends on the trade off between the immediate increase to the GDP and the long-term cost of servicing the resulting government debt. This is a fallacy, insofar as marketable government debts are used by central banks as instruments for monetary policy and by the financial system as instruments for hedging risk and portfolio management. The debts may never be "paid back" and even if they are paid back, it will be in purely nominal terms. The central bank is not committed to any future course of policy by the issuing of public debt, and, in any case, there would never be a "tradeoff" in which it would make sense to reduce future resource employment to "pay back" a debt. The capacity to service the debt could only be enhanced by a future policy of full employment of national resources.
The concept of the economic multiplier on a macroeconomic scale can be extended to any economic region. For example, building a new factory may lead to new employment for locals, which may have knock-on economic effects for the city or region.[6]
Fiscal multipliers in simplified context[edit]
The following values are theoretical values based on simplified models that assume, for example, no changes in interest rates or the [price level]] resulting from the fiscal action. The empirical values corresponding to the reality have been found to be lower (see below).
In the following examples the multiplier is the right-hand-side of the equation without the first component.
y is original output (GDP)
b C {\displaystyle b_{C}} is marginal propensity to consume (MPC)
b T {\displaystyle b_{T}} is original income tax rate
b M {\displaystyle b_{M}} is marginal propensity to import
Δ y {\displaystyle \Delta y} is change in income (equivalent to GDP)
Δ G {\displaystyle \Delta G} is change in government spending
Δ T {\displaystyle \Delta T} is change in aggregate taxes
Income tax multiplier[edit]
Δ y = Δ T ∗ − b C 1 − b C ( 1 − b T ) + b M {\displaystyle \Delta y=\Delta T*{\frac {-b_{C}}{1-b_{C}(1-b_{T})+b_{M}}}} [citation needed]
Note: only Δ b T {\displaystyle \Delta b_{T}} is here because if this is a change in income tax rate then Δ a T {\displaystyle \Delta a_{T}} is implied to be 0.
Government spending multiplier[edit]
Δ y = Δ G ∗ 1 1 − b C ( 1 − b T ) + b M {\displaystyle \Delta y=\Delta G*{\frac {1}{1-b_{C}(1-b_{T})+b_{M}}}}
Balanced-budget fiscal multiplier[edit]
Δ y = Δ G ∗ 1 = Δ T ∗ 1 {\displaystyle \Delta y=\Delta G*1=\Delta T*1}
Estimated values[edit]
United States of America[edit]
In congressional testimony given in July 2008, Mark Zandi, chief economist for Moody's Economy.com, provided estimates of the one-year multiplier effect for several fiscal policy options. The multipliers showed that any form of increased government spending would have more of a multiplier effect than any form of tax cuts. The most effective policy, a temporary increase in food stamps, had an estimated multiplier of 1.73. The lowest multiplier for a spending increase was general aid to state governments, 1.36. Among tax cuts, multipliers ranged from 1.29 for a payroll tax holiday down to 0.27 for accelerated depreciation. Making the Bush tax cuts permanent had the second-lowest multiplier, 0.29. Refundable lump-sum tax rebates, the policy used in the Economic Stimulus Act of 2008, had the second-largest multiplier for a tax cut, 1.26.[7]
According to Otto Eckstein, estimation has found "textbook" values of multipliers are overstated. The following tables has assumptions about monetary policy along the left hand side. Along the top is whether the multiplier value is for a change in government spending (ΔG) or a tax cut (−ΔT).
Monetary Policy Assumption
ΔY/ΔG
ΔY/(−ΔT)
Interest Rate Constant 1.93 1.19
Money Supply Constant 0.6 0.26
The above table is for the fourth quarter under which a permanent change in policy is in force.[8]
In 2013 a study has been published examining economic features that impact fiscal multipliers. It found that the output effect of an increase in government consumption is larger in industrial than in developing countries, the fiscal multiplier is relatively large in economies operating under predetermined exchange rate but zero in economies operating under flexible exchange rates; fiscal multipliers in open economies are lower than in closed economies and fiscal multipliers in high-debt countries are also zero.[9]
Europe[edit]
Italian economists have estimated multiplier values ranging from 1.4 up to 2.0 when dynamic effects are accounted for. The economists used mafia influence as an instrumental variable to help estimate the effect of central funds given to local councils.[10]
IMF[edit]
In October 2012 the International Monetary Fund released their Global Prospects and Policies document in which an admission was made that their assumptions about fiscal multipliers had been inaccurate.
"IMF staff reports, suggest that fiscal multipliers used in the forecasting process are about 0.5. our results indicate that multipliers have actually been in the 0.9 to 1.7 range since the Great Recession. This finding is consistent with research suggesting that in today’s environment of substantial economic slack, monetary policy constrained by the zero lower bound, and synchronized fiscal adjustment across numerous economies, multipliers may be well above 1.[11]
This admission has serious implications for economies such as the UK where the OBR used the IMF's assumptions in their economic forecasts about the consequences of the government's austerity policies.[12][13] It has been conservatively estimated by the TUC that the OBR's use of the IMF's under-estimated fiscal multiplication values means that they may have under-estimated the economic damage caused by the UK government's austerity policies by £76 billion.[14]
In their 2012 Forecast Evaluation Report the OBR admitted that underestimated fiscal multipliers could be responsible for their over-optimistic economic forecasts.
"In trying to explain the unexpected weakness of GDP growth over this period, it is natural to ask whether it was caused in part by [fiscal] tightening – either because it turned out to be larger than we had originally assumed or because a given tightening did more to depress GDP than we had originally assumed.
In answering the question, we are concerned with the aggregate impact of different types of fiscal tightening on GDP (measured using so-called ‘fiscal multipliers’) and not simply the direct contribution that government investment and consumption of goods and services makes to the expenditure measure of GDP. This direct government contribution has been more positive for growth than we expected, rather than more negative."[15]
Criticisms[edit]
Crowding out[edit]
It has been claimed that increased fiscal activity does not always lead to increased economic activity because deficit spending can crowd out financing for other economic activity by pushing up interest rates. This phenomenon is argued to be less likely to occur in a recession, when the saving rate is traditionally higher and capital is not being fully utilized in the private market.[16]
Marginal propensity to consume[edit]
As has been discussed, the multiplier relies on the MPC (marginal propensity to consume). The use of the term MPC here is a reference to the MPC of a country (or similar economic unit) as a whole, and the theory and the mathematical formulae apply to this use of the term. However, individuals have an MPC, and furthermore MPC is not homogeneous across society. Even if it was, the nature of the consumption is not homogeneous. Some consumption may be seen as more benevolent (to the economy) than others. Therefore, spending could be targeted where it would do most benefit, and thus be magnified by the highest (closest to 1) MPC. This has traditionally been regarded as construction or other major projects (which also bring a direct benefit in the form of the finished product).
Clearly, some sectors of society are likely to have a much higher MPC than others. Someone with above average wealth or income or both may have a very low (short-term, at least) MPC of nearly zero — saving most of any extra income. But a pensioner, for example, may have an MPC of 1.
More importantly, this consumption is much more likely to occur in local small business — local shops, pubs and other leisure activities for example. These types of businesses are themselves likely to have a high MPC, and again the nature of their consumption is likely to be in the same, or next tier of businesses, and also of a benevolent nature.
Other individuals with a high, and benevolent, MPC would include almost anyone on a low income — students, parents with young children, and the unemployed.
See also[edit]
Complex multiplier
Fiscal policy
Keynesian economics
Local multiplier effect
Transfer payments multiplier
Multiplier uncertainty
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Snowdon, Brian; Vane, Howard R. (2005). Modern macroeconomics: its origins, development and current state. Edward Elgar. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-84542-208-0.
Jump up ^ Coates, Dennis; Humphreys, Brad R. (October 27, 2004). "Caught Stealing: Debunking the Economic Case for D.C. Baseball". Cato Institute Briefing Papers. Cato Institute (89). Retrieved 2011-10-10.
Jump up ^ "Much ado about multipliers". The Economist. Sep 24, 2009. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "A Labor Force Built to Last". United States Department of Labor. Archived from the original on 27 April 2012. Retrieved 21 February 2012.
Jump up ^ Rendahl, Pontus (26 April 2012). "A case for balanced-budget stimulus". VoxEU.org.
Jump up ^ http://www.choicesmagazine.org/2003-2/2003-2-06.htm retrieved 27 September 2007.
Jump up ^ Zandi, Mark. "A Second Quick Boost From Government Could Spark Recovery" (PDF). Edited excerpts from congressional testimony July 24, 2008.
Jump up ^ Eckstein, Otto (1983). The DRI Model of the US Economy. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-018972-2. [page needed] See also Bodkin, Ronald G.; Eckstein, Otto (1985). "The DRI Model of the U. S. Economy". Southern Economic Journal. 51 (4): 1253–1255. doi:10.2307/1058399. JSTOR 1058399.
Jump up ^ Ilzetzki, Ethan; Mendoza, Enrique G.; Végh, Carlos A. (2013). "How Big (Small?) are Fiscal Multipliers?". Journal of Monetary Economics. 60 (2): 239–254. doi:10.1016/j.jmoneco.2012.10.011.
Jump up ^ Acconcia, A.; Corsetti, G.; Simonelli, S. (2011). "Mafia and Public Spending: Evidence on the Fiscal Multiplier from a Quasi Experiment". CEPR Discussion Paper 8305. SSRN 1810270  . See also http://voxeu.org/index.php?q=node/6314.
Jump up ^ IMF Global Prospects and Policies report 2012, page 43
Jump up ^ Osborne's indiscriminate austerity
Jump up ^ Fiscal multipliers, the IMF and the OBR
Jump up ^ George Osborne's austerity is costing UK an extra £76bn, says IMF
Jump up ^ 2012 OBR Forecast Evaluation Report, page 53
Jump up ^ Woodford, Michael (2011). "Simple Analytics of the Government Expenditure Multiplier". American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics. 3 (1): 1–35. doi:10.1257/mac.3.1.1. JSTOR 41237130.
Further reading[edit]
Dornbusch, Rüdiger; Fischer, Stanley (1990). Macroeconomics (Fifth ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 78–90. ISBN 0-07-017787-2.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fiscal_multiplier&oldid=821361609"
Categories:
Keynesian economics
Economics effects
Macroeconomic indicators
Fiscal policy
Hidden categories:
Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from November 2010
Articles needing additional references from March 2010
All articles needing additional references
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from February 2012
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Български
Català
Deutsch
Español
Français
한국어
Italiano
Nederlands
日本語
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Svenska
Українська
Tiếng Việt
中文
8 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 20 January 2018, at 00:23.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

values:
/wiki/National_income
mw-redirect
National income

values:
/wiki/Disposable_income
mw-redirect
Disposable income

values:
/wiki/Treasury_View
mw-redirect
Treasury View

values:
/wiki/Ricardian_Equivalence
mw-redirect
Ricardian Equivalence

values:
/wiki/Fiscal_stimulus
mw-redirect
Fiscal stimulus

values: Edit section: Fiscal multipliers in simplified context

values: vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.479ex; height:2.509ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.387ex; height:2.509ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.957ex; height:2.509ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.091ex; height:2.509ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.763ex; height:2.176ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.572ex; height:2.176ex;

values: vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:33.271ex; height:6.176ex;

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2012)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values: vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.323ex; height:2.509ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.555ex; height:2.509ex;

values: Edit section: Government spending multiplier

values: vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:33.461ex; height:6.009ex;

values: Edit section: Balanced-budget fiscal multiplier

values: vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:23.337ex; height:2.509ex;

values: Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

values:
/wiki/Instrumental_variable
mw-redirect
Instrumental variable

values:
/wiki/Economy_of_the_UK
mw-redirect
Economy of the UK

values:
/wiki/Trade_Union_Congress
mw-redirect
Trade Union Congress

values: Edit section: Marginal propensity to consume

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.economist.com/node/14505361

values: This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (November 2010)

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.2307%2F1058399

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/1058399

values:
nofollow
external text
//ssrn.com/abstract=1810270

values:
nofollow
external free
http://voxeu.org/index.php?q=node/6314

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1257%2Fmac.3.1.1

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/41237130

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from November 2010

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from March 2010

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2012

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Fiscal_multiplier
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: Фискален мултипликатор – Bulgarian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values: Multiplikator (Volkswirtschaft) – German

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values: Мультипликатор Кейнса – Russian

values: Мультиплікатор Кейнса – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Fiscal_multiplier rootpage-Fiscal_multiplier skin-vector action-view


text:
John Carpenter (game show contestant)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
John Carpenter
Born
1968 (age 48–49)
Education
Rutgers University
Occupation
IRS agent
Known for
First top prize winner on Who Wants to Be a Millionaire
Home town
Northampton, Massachusetts
John Carpenter (born c. 1968)[1] is an American game show contestant and IRS agent. He is best known for becoming the first top prize winner on the United States version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire. He held the record for the largest single win in United States game show history, until it was broken by Rahim Oberholtzer who won $1.12 million on another U.S. quiz show, Twenty One.[2] Carpenter was also the first top prize winner among all international versions of the Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? series.
On the November 19, 1999, episode of Millionaire, Carpenter proceeded to advance to the million-dollar question without using any lifelines. He then used his Phone-A-Friend to call his father not for help, but rather to tell him he was going to win the game. Carpenter answered the question correctly and became the show's first millionaire. His win gave him national recognition and led to multiple talk show appearances, as well as reappearances on Millionaire itself.
Contents
[hide]
1 Career and family
2 Who Wants to Be a Millionaire
3 Later work
3.1 Other game show appearances
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Career and family[edit]
Carpenter is from Northampton, Massachusetts. His father, Tom, worked as a computer program analyst for the Department of Veterans Affairs, while his mother, Gail, served as an administrative assistant for the Massachusetts Audubon Society.[3] In 1986, he enrolled at Rutgers University and graduated in 1990 with a degree in economics.[4] In January 1991, he joined the Internal Revenue Service after completing government exams and tests.[3] In November 1996, Carpenter met his future wife, Deborah, who was studying for a master's degree at Southern Connecticut State University and worked as a manager of a Fleet Bank branch in New Haven. They married in August 1998.[3] At the time of his appearance on Millionaire, he was 31 years old.[5] When he revealed his profession as an IRS officer on Millionaire, Carpenter was playfully booed by the audience.[6]
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire[edit]
$1 million (15 of 15) - no time limit
Which of these U.S. Presidents appeared on the television series "Laugh-In"?
• A: Lyndon Johnson • B: Richard Nixon
• C: Jimmy Carter • D: Gerald Ford
Carpenter was originally uninterested in Millionaire but eventually tuned in one night after dinner while having friends over at his house. When he found the show's higher-tier questions to not be, in his words, "any more difficult" than the lower-tier ones, he decided to call in to the show's hotline for a chance to become a contestant.[7] Carpenter answered all of the hotline questions correctly and was on the show within two days.[7]
Host Regis Philbin described Carpenter as having "cruised right through those first fourteen questions,"[7] he had proceeded to reach the final question without using any of his lifelines. The $1 million question was, "Which of these U.S. Presidents appeared on the television series 'Laugh-In'?", with the choices being A) Lyndon Johnson, B) Richard Nixon, C) Jimmy Carter, and D) Gerald Ford.[8] Carpenter used his Phone-A-Friend lifeline to call his father not for help, but rather to inform him that he knew the answer. Carpenter later explained, "I thought I'd look so cocky if I didn't use any lifelines, so I faked it."[8]
With his win, Carpenter became the first contestant in the worldwide Millionaire franchise to win the show's top prize.[9] He said that the only question that had flustered him was one which asked for the location of the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral. Carpenter eventually remembered that the film Tombstone included the gunfight, and he replied correctly with the answer 'Tombstone, Arizona'.[4] While taking a vacation after his win, Carpenter considered quitting his job with the IRS, but eventually decided against it. He explained to Kiplinger's Personal Finance that "after the taxes, it's not change-your-life kind of money if you want to eat every day."[10] Carpenter also described the fame as having a bigger impact on his life than the money, later stating: "The money doesn't change your life. What happens afterwards might."[11]
Later work[edit]
Shortly after winning on Millionaire, Carpenter played himself in a Saturday Night Live skit.[11] Donald Trump, played by Darrell Hammond, announced that Carpenter would be his running-mate in the presidential election. Afterward, Carpenter pretended to call his father, then shouted, "Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!" Carpenter also appeared on Good Morning America, Oprah Winfrey Show, Live with Regis and Kathie Lee, and Late Show with David Letterman.[11][12]
Carpenter appeared as himself in the second half of the fourth season of Oz.[11] He plays a contestant in a fictional TV game show called Up Your Ante that the prisoners in Em City are watching. The show within the show is hosted by Gordon Elliott, with Eartha Kitt and Didi Conn appearing as celebrity participants.[13]
With Rod L. Evans, Carpenter co-authored a trivia book titled Matching Wits With the Million-Dollar Mind: The World's Hardest Trivia Quizzes From America's First Quiz Show Millionaire. The book was published by Berkley Books in 2002.[14]
Other game show appearances[edit]
In 2000, Carpenter appeared in the Who Wants to Be a Millionaire Champions Edition, in which previous contestants who won $250,000–$1,000,000 played again, with half of their additional winnings from the Champions Edition going to a charity of their choice.[15] Carpenter won $250,000,[16] bringing his total Millionaire winnings to $1,250,000. In 2004, Carpenter participated in Super Millionaire, as one of the "Three Wise Men" on the episode during which Robert "Bob-O" Essig won $1,000,000.[17]
He later participated as part of the Mob on NBC's 1 vs. 100 on October 27, 2006,[18] and as a contestant on the Game Show Network game show Grand Slam.[19] Carpenter appeared on the August 16, 2009 episode of Millionaire in prime time for its tenth anniversary.[20] In the audience with him were his father, his wife, and his son.[21] Additionally, he was also the first expert in the "Ask the Expert" lifeline for the eighth season of the syndicated series.[22]
See also[edit]
Biography portal
List of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? top prize winners
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Millionaire Makeovers!". People. Vol. 54 no. 20. Time Inc. November 13, 2000. Archived from the original on September 11, 2015. Retrieved July 8, 2015.
Jump up ^ Petrozello, Donna (February 3, 2000). "Million-plu$ reply an educated guess". New York Daily News. p. 101.
^ Jump up to: a b c Jerome, Jim (December 6, 1999). "Many Happy Returns". People. Vol. 52 no. 22. Time Inc. Archived from the original on September 30, 2015. Retrieved July 7, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Rosenthal, Phil (November 20, 1999). "Contestant wins $1 million". Chicago Sun Times. p. 30.
Jump up ^ Taylor, Frances Grandy (November 20, 1999). "Final answer? Quiz show: a million to 1 taxman". Hartford Courant. p. A1.
Jump up ^ Bianculli, David (November 22, 1999). "Cool million makes red-hot TV". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on September 11, 2009. Retrieved September 6, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire". Gameshow Hall of Fame. GSN. January 21, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b Vigoda, Arlene (November 22, 1999). "Million-dollar winner untaxed by celebrity". USA Today. Gannett Company. p. 1D.
Jump up ^ "Taxman scoops a million". BBC News. November 21, 1999. Archived from the original on June 21, 2015. Retrieved August 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ Davis, Kristin (November 2000). "I'm Rich! (Now what?)". Kiplinger's Personal Finance. pp. 93–94.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Duca, Lauren (August 15, 2014). "The Final Answer On Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?, 15 Years After It Premiered". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on August 22, 2015. Retrieved July 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ de Moraes, Lisa (November 23, 1999). "Drab 'Millionaire' Winner Emerges as a Media Animal". The Washington Post. p. C07.
Jump up ^ Moore, Frazier (January 6, 2001). "Wizard of 'Oz' lives with permanent reminder of gritty show". The San Diego Union Tribune. p. E6.
Jump up ^ "Matching Wits with the Million-Dollar Mind : The World;s Hardest Trivia Quizzes from America's First Quiz Show Millionaire". The Book Depository. Archived from the original on October 25, 2015. Retrieved October 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ Deggans, Eric (May 12, 2000). "Miami 'Millionaire' gets 2nd shot at final answer". St. Petersburg Times. Archived from the original on April 5, 2008. Retrieved October 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bracht, Mel (May 26, 2000). "Money isn't the root of happiness: Tulsan has more fun in 2nd Millionaire gig". NewsOK. Oklahoma Publishing Company. Archived from the original on March 13, 2017. Retrieved October 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ Super Millionaire. Season 1. Episode 2. February 23, 2004. ABC.
Jump up ^ 1 vs. 100. Season 1. Episode 3. October 27, 2006. NBC.
Jump up ^ Owen, Rob (August 2, 2007). "Dennis Miller rallies around game show all-stars". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. p. WE-33.
Jump up ^ Grosvenor, Carrie (July 27, 2009). "Millionaire Experts, Former Contestants Announced". About.com. About Entertainment. Archived from the original on August 2, 2009. Retrieved May 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ Who Wants to Be a Millionaire: 10th Anniversary Celebration. Episode 6. August 16, 2009. ABC.
Jump up ^ Who Wants to Be a Millionaire. Season 8. Episode 1. September 7, 2009. Syndicated.
External links[edit]
John Carpenter on IMDb
Honorary titles
Preceded by
First Millionaire Top prize winner on
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S.)
November 19, 1999 Succeeded by
Dan Blonsky
Preceded by
Michael Shutterly All-time American game show winnings leader
1999–2000 Succeeded by
Rahim Oberholtzer
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Carpenter_(game_show_contestant)&oldid=810563150"
Categories:
1960s births
Contestants on American game shows
Living people
People from Hamden, Connecticut
Rutgers University alumni
Southern Connecticut State University alumni
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Internal Revenue Service people
Hidden categories:
Good articles
Articles with hCards
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Čeština
Español
Հայերեն
Hrvatski
Svenska
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 16 November 2017, at 01:18.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: This is a good article. Follow the link for more information.

attrs: href title

attrs: class id

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: span

value: th

attrs: colspan style

value: tr

value: td

values: Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show)

values: Edit section: Who Wants to Be a Millionaire

values: text-align: left; background-color: #00008B;

values: International versions of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?

values:
/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey_Show
mw-redirect
Oprah Winfrey Show

values:
/wiki/Live_with_Regis_and_Kelly
mw-redirect
Live with Regis and Kelly

values: Edit section: Other game show appearances

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values:
/wiki/Chicago_Sun_Times
mw-redirect
Chicago Sun Times

values:
/wiki/Huffington_Post
mw-redirect
Huffington Post

values:
/wiki/The_San_Diego_Union_Tribune
mw-redirect
The San Diego Union Tribune

values:
/wiki/The_Book_Depository
mw-redirect
The Book Depository

values:
/wiki/St._Petersburg_Times
mw-redirect
St. Petersburg Times

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2412331/
external text

values: Category:Contestants on American game shows

values: Category:People from Hamden, Connecticut

values: Category:Southern Connecticut State University alumni

values: Category:Internal Revenue Service people

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: جون كاربنتير (متسابق) – Arabic

values: John Carpenter (concursante de TV) – Spanish

values: Ջոն Քարփենթեր (խաղային շոուի մասնակից) – Armenian

values: John Carpenter (frågesportsdeltagare) – Swedish

values: 約翰·卡彭特 (遊戲節目參賽者) – Chinese

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-John_Carpenter_game_show_contestant rootpage-John_Carpenter_game_show_contestant skin-vector action-view


text:
List of large council estates in the UK
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This list of large council estates in the United Kingdom includes estates generally considered to have a population in excess of 10,000 (although population figures are not compiled for many estates, as they do not usually correspond to local government units).
Becontree in Dagenham is generally considered to be the largest council estate (in terms of population), with Wythenshawe in Manchester the second largest. Gipton in Leeds is a contender for third largest.
Contents
[hide]
1 England
1.1 Barking and Dagenham
1.2 Barnet
1.3 Brent
1.4 Greenwich
1.5 Hackney
1.6 Hammersmith and Fulham
1.7 Haringey
1.8 Havering
1.9 Hounslow
1.10 Islington
1.11 Kingston
1.12 Lambeth
1.13 Lewisham
1.14 Merton
1.15 Newham
1.16 Redbridge
1.17 Southwark
1.18 Sutton
1.19 Tower Hamlets
1.20 Wandsworth
1.21 Westminster, London
1.22 West Midlands
1.22.1 Birmingham
1.22.2 Dudley
1.22.3 Sandwell
1.22.4 Solihull
1.22.5 Walsall
1.23 Greater Manchester
1.23.1 Manchester
1.23.2 Bury
1.23.3 Rochdale
1.23.4 Stockport
1.23.5 Tameside
1.23.6 Salford
1.24 West Yorkshire
1.24.1 Leeds
1.24.2 Bradford
1.24.3 Wakefield
1.25 South Yorkshire
1.25.1 Sheffield
1.25.2 Doncaster
1.26 North Yorkshire
1.26.1 York
1.26.2 Middlesbrough
1.27 East Riding of Yorkshire
1.27.1 Kingston upon Hull
1.28 Merseyside
1.28.1 Liverpool
1.29 Norfolk
1.29.1 Norwich
1.30 Nottinghamshire
1.30.1 Nottingham
1.31 Hampshire
1.31.1 Portsmouth
1.31.2 Havant
1.31.3 Southampton
1.31.4 Suffolk
1.32 Oxfordshire
1.32.1 Oxford
1.33 Surrey
1.33.1 Epsom and Ewell
1.33.2 Reigate and Banstead
1.33.3 Surrey Heath
1.34 Tyne and Wear
1.34.1 Newcastle upon Tyne
1.34.2 Sunderland
1.35 Somerset
1.35.1 Yeovil
1.35.2 Bridgwater
2 Scotland
2.1 Glasgow
2.2 Edinburgh
2.3 Dundee
3 Northern Ireland
3.1 Greater Belfast
3.2 Derry
4 Wales
4.1 Milford Haven
4.2 Wrexham
5 References
England[edit]
Barking and Dagenham[edit]
Becontree (population over 100,000; the largest public housing development in the world)[1]
Barnet[edit]
Grahame Park Estate, Colindale
Watling Estate, Burnt Oak
Dollis Valley estate
Brent[edit]
Stonebridge
South Kilburn estate
Chalkhill housing estate
Church End, Harlesden
St Raphael's Estate
Greenwich[edit]
Ferrier Estate
Thamesmead
Hackney[edit]
Gascoyne Estate, Homerton
Frampton Park Estate, Homerton
De Beauvoir Town, Hackney
Kingsmead Estate, Homerton
Clapton Park, Lower Clapton
Woodberry Down, Manor House
Pembury Estate, Lower Clapton
London Fields
Hammersmith and Fulham[edit]
White City Estate, White City
Edward Woods Estate, Shepherds Bush
Charecroft Estate, Shepherds Bush
Haringey[edit]
Love Lane Estate, Tottenham
Northumberland Park, Tottenham
Broadwater Farm, Tottenham
Commerce Road Estate, Wood Green
Havering[edit]
Harold Hill
Hounslow[edit]
Ivybridge estate, Isleworth
Hounslow Heath Estate, Hounslow
Brentford Towers Estate, Brentford
South Acton Estate, South Acton
Islington[edit]
Andover Estate, Upper Holloway
Barnsbury estate
Douglas estate, Canonbury
Elthorne estate, Archway
Harvist Estate, Holloway
York Way Estate, Tufnell Park
Kingston[edit]
Cambridge Road Estate, Norbiton
Lambeth[edit]
Kennington Park Estate, Kennington
Cotton Gardens Estate, Kennington
Loughborough Estate, Brixton
Angell Town Estate, Brixton
Somerleyton Estate, Brixton
St Matthews Estate, Brixton
Stockewell Park Estate, Brixton
Tulse Hill Estate, Brixton
Myatts Field, Brixton
Clapham Park Estate, Brixton
Lewisham[edit]
Pepys Estate, Deptford
Downham
Sydenham Hill Estate and Wells Park Estate, Upper Sydenham
Woodpecker Estate, Deptford
Evelyn Estate, Deptford
Orchard Estate, Lewisham
Bellingham
Merton[edit]
Phipps Bridge, Mitcham
Pollards Hill, Mitcham
St Helier, Morden
Newham[edit]
Freemasons
Carpenters Estate, Stratford
Redbridge[edit]
Hainault
Orchard Estate (formerly Broadmead Estate), Woodford
Southwark[edit]
Aylesbury Estate
North Peckham Estate
Ledbury Estate, Peckham
Brandon Estate, Kennington
Comber estate, Camberwell
Abbeysfield Estate, Bermondsey
Sutton[edit]
Roundshaw Estate, Wallington
St Helier, Carshalton
Tower Hamlets[edit]
Lansbury Estate, Poplar
Cranbrook Estate, Bethnal Green
Brownfield Estate, Bow
Samuda Estate, Isle Of Dogs
Barkantine Estate, Millwall
Ranwell West Estate, Bow
Lockton Estate, Bow
Wandsworth[edit]
Alton Estate, Roehampton
Winstanley Estate, Battersea
Doddington and Rollo Estate, Battersea
Surrey Lane Estate, Battersea
Patmore Estate, Battersea
Dover House Estate, Putney
Lennox Estate, Roehampton
Putney Vale estate Roehampton
William Willison Estate, Southfields
Westminster, London[edit]
Burlington Close
Churchill Gardens
Lisson Grove
Queens Park
Brindley and Warwick Estate, Paddington
Brunel Estate, Paddington
West Midlands[edit]
Birmingham[edit]
Quinton
Druids Heath
Kings Norton
Hawkesley
Erdington
Castle Vale
Bromford
Hamstead
Charlemont, Birmingham
Perry Beeches
New Town
Dudley[edit]
Wren's Nest, Dudley
Priory Estate, Dudley
Kates Hill, Dudley
Russells Hall Estate, Dudley
Beacon Estate, Sedgley
Chapel Street Estate, Brierley Hill
Tanhouse, Halesowen
Sandwell[edit]
Hateley Heath, West Bromwich
Tantany, West Bromwich
Friar Park, Wednesbury
Tibbington, Tipton
Tividale Hall/Grace Mary Estate, Tividale (formerly Dudley)
Lion Farm, Oldbury
Galton Village, Smethwick
Brickhouse Farm, Rowley Regis
Solihull[edit]
Chelmsley Wood
Cranmore
Walsall[edit]
Coal Pool, Walsall
Blakenall Heath, Walsall
Beechdale, Walsall
Bentley, Walsall (formerly Darlaston)
Mossley Estate, Bloxwich
Greater Manchester[edit]
Manchester[edit]
Wythenshawe
Bury[edit]
Woodhill
Fairfield
Rochdale[edit]
Langley
Stockport[edit]
Brinnington
Adswood
Tameside[edit]
Hattersley
Haughton Green
Salford[edit]
Irlam
Little Hulton
West Yorkshire[edit]
Queensview Tower in Seacroft, Leeds
Leeds[edit]
Belle Isle
Gipton
Seacroft (population 18,000)
Halton Moor
Lincoln Green (Burmantofts)
Lovell Park
Cottingley
Little London
Regent Crescent, Horsforth, Leeds
Bradford[edit]
Buttershaw
Holme Wood (Population 10,000)
Ravenscliffe
Allerton
Wakefield[edit]
Eastmoor
Flanshaw
Peacock
Lupset
South Yorkshire[edit]
Renovated Park Hill flats in Sheffield
Sheffield[edit]
Brightside
Park Hill
Gleadless Valley
Doncaster[edit]
Balby
North Yorkshire[edit]
Council flats in York
York[edit]
Clifton
Tanghall
Foxwood
Chapelfields
Bellfarm
Middlesbrough[edit]
Grange Town
South Bank
Eston
Acklam
Easterside
Whale Hill
Netherfields
Palister park
Park end
Thorntree
Brambles farm
Berwick Hills
Grove Hill
East Riding of Yorkshire[edit]
High rise flats in Bransholme, Kingston upon Hull
Kingston upon Hull[edit]
Bransholme
Orchard Park
Merseyside[edit]
Liverpool[edit]
Stockbridge Village
Speke
Norris Green
Norfolk[edit]
Norwich[edit]
Mile Cross
Nottinghamshire[edit]
Nottingham[edit]
Clifton
Hampshire[edit]
Portsmouth[edit]
Paulsgrove
Havant[edit]
Leigh Park (population 27,500)
Wecock Farm
Southampton[edit]
Lordshill
Millbrook
Redbridge
Shirley Warren
Coxford
Thornhill
Townhill Park
Weston
Suffolk[edit]
Bury St Edmunds - Mildenhall Road/Howard Estate
Oxfordshire[edit]
Oxford[edit]
Blackbird Leys (population 12,196)
Surrey[edit]
Epsom and Ewell[edit]
Longmead, Epsom
Watersedge, Ewell
Reigate and Banstead[edit]
Merstham, Redhill
Surrey Heath[edit]
Old Dean, Camberley
Tyne and Wear[edit]
Tom Collins House, Byker Wall Estate, Newcastle Upon Tyne
Newcastle upon Tyne[edit]
Byker (population approx 9,500)[2]
Sunderland[edit]
Pennywell (population 10,709)
Somerset[edit]
Yeovil[edit]
Sunningdale Estate, Yeovil
Bridgwater[edit]
Sydenham Estate, Bridgwater
Scotland[edit]
Glasgow[edit]
The Gorbals
Easterhouse
Castlemilk
Drumchapel
Pollok
Red Road
Sighthill
Blackhill
Toryglen
Edinburgh[edit]
Wester Hailes
West Pilton
East Pilton
Muirhouse
Niddrie/Craigmillar/Greendykes
Moredun
Oxgangs
Broomhouse/Sighthill
Cables Wynd House
Dumbiedykes
Lochend
Gilmerton
Dundee[edit]
Whitfield
Northern Ireland[edit]
Greater Belfast[edit]
Rathcoole (Newtownabbey)|
Poleglass
"Uppa monagh by Fkin pass" - Wee Chazzy Shankill
Ballybeen
Ballymurphy
Turf Lodge
New Lodge
Derry[edit]
Creggan
Shantallow
Wales[edit]
Brackla
Milford Haven[edit]
Mount Estate
Wrexham[edit]
Caia Park
References[edit]
Jump up ^ John Rennie, Tower Hamlets Council, East End Life 12-18/7/2010, p.15
Jump up ^ The Byker Redevelopment, BBC, 6/1/2007.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_large_council_estates_in_the_UK&oldid=815430942"
Categories:
Public housing in the United Kingdom
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Add links
This page was last edited on 14 December 2017, at 20:11.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: b

value: p

attrs: role tabindex class

values: button 0 togglelink

values:
/wiki/Chalkhill_(estate)
mw-redirect
Chalkhill (estate)

values:
/wiki/Church_End,_Harlesden
mw-redirect
Church End, Harlesden

values: London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham

values:
/wiki/Shepherds_Bush
mw-redirect
Shepherds Bush

values:
/wiki/London_borough_of_Hounslow
mw-redirect
London borough of Hounslow

values:
/wiki/Upper_Sydenham
mw-redirect
Upper Sydenham

values:
/wiki/North_Peckham_Estate
mw-redirect
North Peckham Estate

values:
/wiki/Isle_Of_Dogs
mw-redirect
Isle Of Dogs

values: Charlemont, Birmingham (page does not exist)

values: New Town, Birmingham (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Sandwell
mw-redirect
Metropolitan Borough of Sandwell

values: Cranmore, West Midlands (page does not exist)

values: Regent Crescent, Horsforth, Leeds (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Brightside,_South_Yorkshire
mw-redirect
Brightside, South Yorkshire

values:
/wiki/Newcastle_Upon_Tyne
mw-redirect
Newcastle Upon Tyne

values:
/wiki/Sunderland,_Tyne_and_Wear
mw-redirect
Sunderland, Tyne and Wear

values:
/wiki/The_Gorbals
mw-redirect
The Gorbals

values:
/wiki/Red_Road_(flats)
mw-redirect
Red Road (flats)

values:
/wiki/Greater_Belfast
mw-redirect
Greater Belfast

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: Category:Public housing in the United Kingdom

values:
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
interface

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-List_of_large_council_estates_in_the_UK rootpage-List_of_large_council_estates_in_the_UK skin-vector action-view