text:
Anatomical plane
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Anatomical planes in a human:
median or sagittal plane
a parasagittal plane
frontal or coronal plane
transverse or axial plane
This article is part of a series on
Anatomical terminology
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An anatomical plane is a hypothetical plane used to transect the human body, in order to describe the location of structures or the direction of movements. In human and animal anatomy, three principal planes are used:
The sagittal plane or median plane (longitudinal, anteroposterior) is a plane parallel to the sagittal suture. It divides the body into left and right.
The coronal plane or frontal plane (vertical) divides the body into dorsal and ventral (back and front, or posterior and anterior) portions.
The transverse plane or axial plane (lateral, horizontal) divides the body into cranial and caudal (head and tail) portions.
Contents
[hide]
1 Terminology
2 Human anatomy
3 Uses
3.1 Motion
3.2 Medical imaging
3.3 Finding anatomical landmarks
3.4 Comparative embryology
4 History
5 References
Terminology[edit]
There could be any number of sagittal planes; however, there is only one cardinal sagittal plane. The term cardinal refers to the one plane that divides the body into equal segments, with exactly one half of the body on either side of the cardinal plane. The term cardinal plane appears in some texts as the principal plane. The terms are interchangeable.[1]
Human anatomy[edit]
The following terms are defined in reference to the anatomical model being in the upright orientation (standing):
A transverse (also known as axial or horizontal) plane is parallel to the ground; in humans it separates the superior from the inferior, or put another way, the head from the feet.
A coronal (also known as frontal or lateral) plane is perpendicular to the ground; in humans it separates the anterior from the posterior, the front from the back, the ventral from the dorsal.
A sagittal (also known as anteroposterior) plane is perpendicular to the ground, separating left from right. The midsagittal plane is the specific sagittal plane that is exactly in the middle of the body.
The midsagittal or median plane is in the midline; i.e. it would pass through midline structures such as the navel or spine, and all other sagittal planes (also referred to as parasagittal planes) are parallel to it. Median can also refer to the midsagittal plane of other structures, such as a digit.
The axes and the sagittal plane are the same for bipeds and quadrupeds, but the orientation of the coronal and transverse planes switch. The axes on particular pieces of equipment may or may not correspond to axes of the body, especially since the body and the equipment may be in different relative orientations.
Brain viewed from below. This is an example of a transverse plane.
Brain cut in half through the midsection. This is an example of a sagittal plane.
Uses[edit]
Motion[edit]
See also: Anatomical terms of motion
When describing anatomical motion, these planes describe the axis along which an action is performed. So by moving through the transverse plane, movement travels from head to toe. For example, if a person jumped directly up and then down, their body would be moving through the transverse plane in the coronal and sagittal planes.
A longitudinal plane is any plane perpendicular to the transverse plane. The coronal plane and the sagittal plane are examples of longitudinal planes.
Medical imaging[edit]
Sometimes the orientation of certain planes needs to be distinguished, for instance in medical imaging techniques such as sonography, CT scans, MRI scans, or PET scans. One imagines a human in the anatomical position, and an X-Y-Z coordinate system with the y-axis going from front to back, the x-axis going from left to right, and the z-axis going from up to down. The z-axis is usually up (Tait-Bryan angles) and the right-hand rule applies.
Finding anatomical landmarks[edit]
See also: Anatomical landmark and List of anatomical lines
Axillary lines.
In humans, reference may take origin from superficial anatomy, made to anatomical landmarks that are on the skin or visible underneath. As with planes, lines and points are imaginary. Examples include:
The midaxillary line, a line running vertically down the surface of the body passing through the apex of the axilla (armpit). Parallel are the anterior axillary line, which passes through the anterior axillary skinfold, and the posterior axillary line, which passes through the posterior axillary skinfold.
The mid-clavicular line, a line running vertically down the surface of the body passing through the midpoint of the clavicle.
In addition, reference may be made to structures at specific levels of the spine (e.g. the 4th cervical vertebra, abbreviated "C4"), or the rib cage (e.g., the 5th intercostal space).
Occasionally, in medicine, abdominal organs may be described with reference to the trans-pyloric plane, which is a transverse plane passing through the pylorus.
Comparative embryology[edit]
In discussing the neuroanatomy of animals, particularly rodents used in neuroscience research, a simplistic convention has been to name the sections of the brain according to the homologous human sections. Hence, what is technically a transverse (orthogonal) section with respect to the body length axis of a rat (dividing anterior from posterior) may often be referred to in rat neuroanatomical coordinates as a coronal section, and likewise a coronal section with respect to the body (i.e. dividing ventral from dorsal) in a rat brain is referred to as transverse. This preserves the comparison with the human brain, whose length axis in rough approximation is rotated with respect to the body axis by 90 degrees in the ventral direction. It implies that the planes of the brain are not necessarily the same as those of the body.
However, the situation is more complex, since comparative embryology shows that the length axis of the neural tube (the primordium of the brain) has three internal bending points, namely two ventral bendings at the cervical and cephalic flexures (cervical flexure roughly between the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord, and cephalic flexure between the diencephalon and the midbrain), and a dorsal (pontine or rhombic) flexure at the midst of the hindbrain, behind the cerebellum. The latter flexure mainly appears in mammals and sauropsids (reptiles and birds), whereas the other two, and principally the cephalic flexure, appear in all vertebrates (the sum of the cervical and cephalic ventral flexures is the cause of the 90 degree angle mentioned above in humans between body axis and brain axis). This more realistic concept of the longitudinal structure of vertebrate brains implies that any section plane, except the sagittal plane, will intersect variably different parts of the same brain as the section series proceeds across it (relativity of actual sections with regard to topological morphological status in the ideal unbent neural tube). Any precise description of a brain section plane therefore has to make reference to the anteroposterior part of the brain to which the description refers (e.g., transverse to the midbrain, or horizontal to the diencephalon). A necessary note of caution is that modern embryologic orthodoxy indicates that the brain's true length axis finishes rostrally somewhere in the hypothalamus where basal and alar zones interconnect from left to right across the median line; therefore, the axis does not enter the telencephalic area, although various authors, both recent and classic, have assumed a telencephalic end of the axis. The causal argument for this lies in the end of the axial mesoderm -mainly the notochord, but also the prechordal plate- under the hypothalamus. Early inductive effects of the axial mesoderm upon the overlying neural ectoderm is the mechanism that establishes the length dimension upon the brain primordium, jointly with establishing what is ventral in the brain (close to the axial mesoderm) in contrast with what is dorsal (distant from the axial mesoderm). Apart from the lack of a causal argument for introducing the axis in the telencephalon, there is the obvious difficulty that there is a pair of telencephalic vesicles, so that a bifid axis is actually implied in these outdated versions.
History[edit]
Some of these terms come from Latin. Sagittal means "like an arrow", a reference to the position of the spine that naturally divides the body into right and left equal halves, the exact meaning of the term "midsagittal", or to the shape of the sagittal suture, which defines the sagittal plane and is shaped like an arrow.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Kinetic Anatomy With Web Resource—3rd Edition. Human Kinetics. 2012. pp. 31–. ISBN 978-1-4504-3391-4.
[hide]
v
t
e
Anatomical planes and lines
Sagittal plane
Median plane
front (Anterior median line/Midsternal line, Parasternal line, Midclavicular line, Anterior axillary line, Midaxillary line)
back (Posterior median line, Scapular line, Posterior axillary line)
Transverse plane
Thoracic plane
Transpyloric plane
Subcostal plane
Umbilical plane
Supracristal plane
Intertubercular plane
Interspinous plane
Coronal/frontal plane
Sternal plane
General anatomy: systems and organs, regional anatomy, planes and lines, superficial axial anatomy, superficial anatomy of limbs
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The Bridges of Madison County (film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the film. For the book, see The Bridges of Madison County. For the musical, see The Bridges of Madison County (musical). For the bridges, see List of Madison County Covered Bridges.
The Bridges of Madison County
Theatrical release poster by Bill Gold
Directed by
Clint Eastwood
Produced by
Clint Eastwood
Kathleen Kennedy
Screenplay by
Richard LaGravenese
Based on
The Bridges of Madison County
by Robert James Waller
Starring
Clint Eastwood
Meryl Streep
Music by
Lennie Niehaus
Cinematography
Jack N. Green
Edited by
Joel Cox
Production
companies
Amblin Entertainment
Malpaso Productions
Distributed by
Warner Bros.
Release date
June 2, 1995 (1995-06-02)
Running time
134 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$22 million[2][3]
Box office
$182 million[4]
The Bridges of Madison County is a 1995 American romantic drama film based on the best-selling novel of the same name by Robert James Waller.[5] It was produced by Amblin Entertainment and Malpaso Productions, and distributed by Warner Bros. Entertainment. The film was produced and directed by Clint Eastwood with Kathleen Kennedy as co-producer and the screenplay was adapted by Richard LaGravenese. The film is about an Italian war bride, Francesca (Meryl Streep), who lives with her husband and two children on a farm in Iowa. In 1965, she meets a National Geographic photographer named Robert (Eastwood) and has a four-day extramarital affair with him that changes both their lives forever. The film earned $182 million worldwide[4] and was well received by critics. Streep received an Academy Award for Best Actress nomination in 1996 for her performance in the film.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Filming
3.3 Post-production
4 Release
4.1 Box office
4.2 Critical reception
4.3 Accolades
4.3.1 Others
5 References
6 External links
Plot[edit]
In the present day, adult siblings Michael and Carolyn arrive at the Iowa farmhouse of Francesca Johnson, their recently deceased, elderly mother, to see about the settlement of their mother's estate. As they go through the contents of her safe deposit box and the will, they are baffled to discover that their mother left very specific instructions that her body be cremated and her ashes thrown off the nearby Roseman Covered Bridge, which is not in accordance with the burial arrangements their parents had made: side-by-side plots in the local cemetery. Michael initially refuses to comply with the cremation, while Carolyn discovers a set of photos of her mother and a letter. She manages to convince Michael to set aside his initial reaction so they can read the documents she has discovered. Once alone, they go through a series of letters from a man named Robert Kincaid to their mother. The siblings find their way to a chest where their mother left a letter, a series of diaries, photographs, old cameras and other mementos.
They discovered that in 1965, their mother, an Italian war bride, had a four-day affair with Robert Kincaid, a travelling professional photographer who had come to Madison County, Iowa, to shoot a photographic essay for National Geographic on the covered bridges in the area.[6] The affair took place while her husband and children were at the state fair in Illinois.
The story in the diaries also reveals the impact the affair had on the lives of Francesca and Robert, since they almost ran away together, so she could travel the world with him. However, after a wrenching period of decision-making, she decided to stay at the last minute after considering the bigger picture that includes the consequences leaving would have on the lives of her teenage children and husband, who was a good, loving man. Kincaid is very moved by meeting her. He finds meaning and his true calling as an artist. The story also has deep consequences on the lives of Michael and Carolyn, who are both experiencing marital problems. Their mother’s story helped them to find a sense of direction in their lives. At the end, the Johnson siblings comply with their mother’s request and scatter their mother's ashes at the covered bridge.
Cast[edit]
Clint Eastwood as Robert Kincaid
Meryl Streep as Francesca Johnson
Annie Corley as Carolyn Johnson
Sarah Kathryn Schmitt as young Carolyn
Victor Slezak as Michael Johnson
Christopher Kroon as young Michael
Jim Haynie as Richard Johnson
Phyllis Lyons as Betty
Debra Monk as Madge
Richard Lage as Lawyer Peterson
Michelle Benes as Lucy Redfield
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
"I've been that guy a little bit, going off by myself years ago in a pickup truck into Nevada, scouting locations for High Plains Drifter. But I didn't stop off with any housewives while doing that."
— Clint Eastwood on Robert Kincaid[3]
Amblin Entertainment, a production company founded by Steven Spielberg, bought the film rights to Waller's novel for $25,000 in late 1991, before its publication—by the time of the film's release, the novel sold 9.5 million copies worldwide.[3] Spielberg first asked Sydney Pollack to direct, who got Kurt Luedtke to draft the first version of the adaptation but then bowed out; Ronald Bass was brought in by Kathleen Kennedy and Spielberg to work on the script, but they were unsatisfied with the results.[3] But a third draft by Richard LaGravenese was liked by Eastwood, who quite early had been cast for the male lead, and by Spielberg, who liked LaGravenese's version enough to consider making Bridges his next film after Schindler's List, which was in post-production at the time.[3] Both men liked that LaGravenese's script presented the story from Francesca's point of view; Spielberg then had LaGravenese introduce the framing device of having Francesca's adult children discover and read her diaries.[3] When Spielberg decided not to direct, he then brought in Bruce Beresford, who got Alfred Uhry to draft another version of the script; when Warner Bros., Spielberg, and Eastwood all preferred LaGravenese's draft, Beresford dropped out.[3]
Waller championed Isabella Rossellini to play Francesca; she was a "strong contender" in a list that also included Anjelica Huston, Jessica Lange, Mary McDonnell, Cher, and Susan Sarandon. But despite Spielberg's initial reluctance, Eastwood had advocated Meryl Streep for the role from the beginning.[3]
Filming[edit]
Roseman Bridge in Winterset, Iowa.
Principal photography took 42 days, ending on November 1, 1994, ten days ahead of Eastwood's 52-day schedule; Eastwood filmed it chronologically from Francesca's point of view, "because it was important to work that way. We were two people getting to know each other, in real time, as actors and as the characters."[3] It was filmed on location in Madison County, Iowa, including the town of Winterset, and in the Dallas County town of Adel.[2] The Bell's Mills Bridge, in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, was also a filming location.
Post-production[edit]
The MPAA ratings board initially gave the film an "R" rating, for the line "Or should we just fuck on the linoleum one last time?", a line of dialogue spoken sarcastically by Francesca; Eastwood appealed, and the rating was reduced to a PG-13.[3]
Release[edit]
Box office[edit]
The Bridges of Madison County opened theatrically on June 2, 1995 in 1,805 venues. It earned $10,519,257 in its opening weekend, ranking number two in the North American box office, behind Casper (which was in its second weekend).[7] At the end of its run, the film grossed $71,516,617 domestically and $110,500,000 overseas for a worldwide total of $182,016,617.[4]
Critical reception[edit]
Rotten Tomatoes reports a score of 89% based on 57 reviews, with an average rating of 7.4/10. The site's consensus states: "Sentimental, slow, schmaltzy, and very satisfying, The Bridges of Madison County finds Clint Eastwood adapting a bestseller with heft, wit, and grace."[8] On Metacritic, the film has a 66 out of 100 rating, based on 22 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[9]
According to Janet Maslin, "Clint Eastwood, director and alchemist, has transformed The Bridges of Madison County into something bearable—no, something even better. Limited by the vapidity of this material while he trims its excesses with the requisite machete, Mr. Eastwood locates a moving, elegiac love story at the heart of Mr. Waller's self-congratulatory overkill. The movie has leanness and surprising decency, and Meryl Streep has her best role in years. Looking sturdy and voluptuous in her plain housedress (the year is 1965), Ms. Streep rises straight out of "Christina's World" to embody all the loneliness and fierce yearning Andrew Wyeth captured on canvas. And yet, despite the Iowa setting and the emphasis on down-home Americana, Mr. Eastwood's Bridges of Madison County has a European flavor. Its pace is unhurried, which is not the same as slow. It respects long silences and pays attention to small details. It sustains an austere tone and staves off weepiness until the last reel. It voices musings that would definitely sound better in French."[10] Richard Corliss said Eastwood is the "most reticent of directors—where the book ogles, the film discreetly observes—and, here, the courtliest of stars....As scripted by Richard LaGravenese (The Fisher King), the Madison County movie has a slightly riper theme than the book's. It is about the anticipation and consequences of passion—the slow dance of appraisal, of waiting to make a move that won't be rejected, of debating what to do when the erotic heat matures into love light. What is the effect of an affair on a woman who has been faithful to her husband, and on a rootless man who only now realizes he needs the one woman he can have but not hold?" Corliss concludes "Madison County is Eastwood's gift to women: to Francesca, to all the girls he's loved before—and to Streep, who alchemizes literary mawkishness into intelligent movie passion."[11]
Accolades[edit]
Won
ASCAP Film and Television Music Awards:
Top Box Office Films
Blue Ribbon Awards (Japan):
Best Foreign Language Film
BMI Film & Television Awards:
BMI Film Music Award (Lennie Niehaus)
Kinema Junpo Awards (Japan):
Best Foreign Language Film Director (Clint Eastwood)
Mainichi Film Concours (Japan):
Best Foreign Language Film
Nominated
68th Academy Awards:
Best Actress in a Leading Role (Meryl Streep)
American Society of Cinematographers:
Outstanding Achievement in Theatrical Releases (Jack N. Green)
Awards of the Japanese Academy (Japan):
Best Foreign Film
César Awards (France):
Best Foreign Film
53rd Golden Globe Awards:
Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama (Meryl Streep)
Best Motion Picture – Drama
2nd Screen Actors Guild Awards:
Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role (Meryl Streep)
Others[edit]
The film tied with Goodbye South, Goodbye and Carlito's Way as the best film of the 1990s in a poll by Cahiers du cinéma.[12]
The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:
2002: AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions – #90[13]
2004: AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:
"I See Your Face Before Me" – Nominated[14]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "THE BRIDGES OF MADISON COUNTY (12)". British Board of Film Classification. August 3, 1995. Retrieved November 9, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Hughes, p.110
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Thompson, Anne (June 16, 1995). "Bridge on the River Cry". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The Bridges of Madison County (1995)". Box Office Mojo. Internet Movie Database. Retrieved November 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ Variety film review; May 22, 1995.
Jump up ^ "The Bridges of Madison County". Madison County Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
Jump up ^ "Weekend Box Office Results for June 2-4, 1995". Box Office Mojo. Internet Movie Database. June 5, 1995. Retrieved November 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Bridges of Madison County (1995)". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved November 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Bridges of Madison County Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved November 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ Maslin, Janet (June 2, 1995). "Love Comes Driving Up the Road, and in Middle Age, Too". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-08-16.
Jump up ^ Corliss, Richard (June 5, 1995). "When Erotic Heat Turns Into Love Light". Time. Retrieved 2011-08-16.
Jump up ^ Johnson, Eric. "Cahiers du cinéma". Critics Lists (Mist Driven Enterprises). Caltech Alumni Association. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions" (PDF). American Film Institute. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs Nominees" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-08-18.
Hughes, Howard (2009). Aim for the Heart: the Films of Clint Eastwood. London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-902-7.
External links[edit]
The Bridges of Madison County on IMDb
The Bridges of Madison County at Box Office Mojo
The Bridges of Madison County at Rotten Tomatoes
The Bridges of Madison County at Metacritic
[show]
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Films directed by Clint Eastwood
Play Misty for Me (1971)
High Plains Drifter (1973)
Breezy (1973)
The Eiger Sanction (1975)
The Outlaw Josey Wales (1976)
The Gauntlet (1977)
Bronco Billy (1980)
Firefox (1982)
Honkytonk Man (1982)
Sudden Impact (1983)
Pale Rider (1985)
Heartbreak Ridge (1986)
Bird (1988)
White Hunter Black Heart (1990)
The Rookie (1990)
Unforgiven (1992)
A Perfect World (1993)
The Bridges of Madison County (1995)
Absolute Power (1997)
Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil (1997)
True Crime (1999)
Space Cowboys (2000)
Blood Work (2002)
Piano Blues (2003)
Mystic River (2003)
Million Dollar Baby (2004)
Flags of Our Fathers (2006)
Letters from Iwo Jima (2006)
Changeling (2008)
Gran Torino (2008)
Invictus (2009)
Hereafter (2010)
J. Edgar (2011)
Jersey Boys (2014)
American Sniper (2014)
Sully (2016)
The 15:17 to Paris (2018)
[show]
v
t
e
Films by Richard LaGravenese
Films written
Rude Awakening (1989)
The Fisher King (1991)
The Ref (1994)
A Little Princess (1995)
The Bridges of Madison County (1995)
Unstrung Heroes (1995)
The Mirror Has Two Faces (1996)
The Horse Whisperer (1998)
Beloved (1998)
Conviction (2010)
Water for Elephants (2011)
Behind the Candelabra (2013)
Unbroken (2014)
The Comedian (2016)
Films directed
Living Out Loud (1998)
A Decade Under the Influence (2003)
Paris, je t'aime (2006)
Freedom Writers (2007)
P.S. I Love You (2007)
Beautiful Creatures (2013)
The Last Five Years (2014)
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2018 Six Nations Championship
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
2018 Six Nations Championship
Date
3 February – 17 March 2018
Countries
England
France
Ireland
Italy
Scotland
Wales
Tournament statistics
Auld Alliance Trophy
Scotland
Matches played
6
Attendance
411,355 (68,559 per match)
Tries scored
32 (5.33 per match)
Top point scorer(s)
Jonathan Sexton (25)
Top try scorer(s)
Teddy Thomas (3)
Official website
sixnationsrugby.com
← 2017 (Previous) (Next) 2019 →
The 2018 Six Nations Championship is the 19th series of the Six Nations Championship, the annual northern hemisphere rugby union championship. The tournament continues to be sponsored by the Royal Bank of Scotland, although this edition has title sponsorship from RBS's owned subsidiary, NatWest, meaning the tournament is known as the NatWest 6 Nations.
It is being contested by defending champions England who are joined by France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales. Including the competition's previous iterations as the Home Nations Championship and Five Nations Championship, it is the 124th edition of the tournament.[1]
As in the 2017 tournament, the tournament continues to use the bonus point system common to most other professional rugby union tournaments.[2] As well as the standard four points for a win and two for a draw, a team scoring four tries in a match receives an additional league table point, as does a team losing by seven or fewer points.[2] Additionally, to ensure that a team winning all of its five matches (a Grand Slam) will also win the Championship, three bonus points will be awarded for this achievement.[2][3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Participants
2 Squads
3 Table
4 Fixtures
4.1 Week 1
4.2 Week 2
4.3 Week 3
4.4 Week 4
4.5 Week 5
5 Statistics
5.1 Top points scorers
5.2 Top try scorers
6 References
7 External links
Participants[edit]
Nation
Stadium
Head coach
Captain
Home stadium
Capacity
Location
England Twickenham Stadium 82,000 London Eddie Jones Dylan Hartley
France Stade de France 81,338 Saint-Denis Jacques Brunel Guilhem Guirado
Stade Vélodrome 67,394 Marseille
Ireland Aviva Stadium 51,700 Dublin Joe Schmidt Rory Best
Italy Stadio Olimpico 73,261 Rome Conor O'Shea Sergio Parisse
Scotland Murrayfield Stadium 67,144 Edinburgh Gregor Townsend John Barclay
Wales Millennium Stadium 74,500 Cardiff Warren Gatland Alun Wyn Jones
Squads[edit]
Main article: 2018 Six Nations Championship squads
Table[edit]
Position
Nation
Games
Points
Tries
Bonus points
Table
points
Played
Won
Drawn
Lost
For
Against
Diff
T BP
L BP
1 Ireland 2 2 0 0 71 32 +39 8 1 0 9
2 England 2 2 0 0 58 21 +37 9 1 0 9
3 Wales 2 1 0 1 40 19 +21 4 1 1 6
4 Scotland 2 1 0 1 39 60 –21 3 0 0 4
5 France 2 0 0 2 39 47 –8 3 0 2 2
6 Italy 2 0 0 2 34 102 –68 5 0 0 0
Fixtures[edit]
The fixtures were announced on 16 May 2017. France hosts games in more than one venue, with their game against Italy taking place at the Stade Vélodrome, Marseille.[4]
Week 1[edit]
3 February 2018
14:15 GMT (UTC+0)
(1 BP) Wales
34–7
Scotland
Try: G. Davies 6' c
Halfpenny (2) 12' c, 61' c
S. Evans 73' c
Con: Halfpenny (4/4) 8', 13', 63', 74'
Pen: Halfpenny (2/2) 44', 49'
Report Try: Horne 79' c
Con: Russell (1/1) 79'
Millennium Stadium, Cardiff
Attendance: 74,169
Referee: Pascal Gaüzère (France)
FB 15 Leigh Halfpenny
RW 14 Josh Adams
OC 13 Scott Williams 71'
IC 12 Hadleigh Parkes
LW 11 Steffan Evans
FH 10 Rhys Patchell 63'
SH 9 Gareth Davies 66'
N8 8 Ross Moriarty 65'
OF 7 Josh Navidi
BF 6 Aaron Shingler
RL 5 Alun Wyn Jones (c)
LL 4 Cory Hill 56'
TP 3 Samson Lee 51'
HK 2 Ken Owens 63'
LP 1 Rob Evans 51'
Replacements:
HK 16 Elliot Dee 63'
PR 17 Wyn Jones 51'
PR 18 Tomas Francis 51'
LK 19 Bradley Davies 56'
FL 20 Justin Tipuric 65'
SH 21 Aled Davies 66'
FH 22 Gareth Anscombe 63'
CE 23 Owen Watkin 71'
Coach:
Warren Gatland
FB 15 Stuart Hogg
RW 14 Tommy Seymour
OC 13 Chris Harris 55'
IC 12 Huw Jones
LW 11 Byron McGuigan 55'
FH 10 Finn Russell
SH 9 Ali Price 49'
N8 8 Cornell du Preez 49'
OF 7 Hamish Watson
BF 6 John Barclay (c)
RL 5 Jonny Gray
LL 4 Ben Toolis 55'
TP 3 Jon Welsh 65'
HK 2 Stuart McInally 70'
LP 1 Gordon Reid 49' 76'
Replacements:
HK 16 Scott Lawson 70'
PR 17 Jamie Bhatti 49' 76'
PR 18 Murray McCallum 65'
LK 19 Grant Gilchrist 55'
N8 20 Ryan Wilson 49'
SH 21 Greig Laidlaw 49'
FH 22 Peter Horne 55'
WG 23 Sean Maitland 55'
Coach:
Gregor Townsend
Man of the Match:
Aaron Shingler (Wales)
Touch judges:
Romain Poite (France)
Matthew Carley (England)
Television match official:
David Grashoff (England)
Notes:
Josh Adams (Wales) and Murray McCallum (Scotland) made their international debuts.[5]
This was Wales’ first try bonus point in the Six Nations.
3 February 2018
17:45 CET (UTC+1)
(1 BP) France
13–15
Ireland
Try: Thomas 72' c
Con: Belleau (1/1) 74'
Pen: Machenaud (2/2) 36', 54'
Report Pen: Sexton (4/5) 3', 22', 39', 47'
Drop: Sexton (1/1) 80+3'
Stade de France, Saint-Denis
Attendance: 74,878
Referee: Nigel Owens (Wales)
FB 15 Geoffrey Palis
RW 14 Teddy Thomas
OC 13 Rémi Lamerat
IC 12 Henry Chavancy
LW 11 Virimi Vakatawa
FH 10 Matthieu Jalibert 30'
SH 9 Maxime Machenaud 67' 76'
N8 8 Kevin Gourdon
OF 7 Yacouba Camara
BF 6 Wenceslas Lauret 67'
RL 5 Sébastien Vahaamahina
LL 4 Arthur Iturria 61'
TP 3 Rabah Slimani 55'
HK 2 Guilhem Guirado (c) 74'
LP 1 Jefferson Poirot 55'
Replacements:
HK 16 Adrien Pélissié 74'
PR 17 Dany Priso 55'
PR 18 Cedate Gomes Sa 55'
LK 19 Paul Gabrillagues 61'
N8 20 Marco Tauleigne 67'
SH 21 Antoine Dupont 67' 76'
FH 22 Anthony Belleau 30'
WG 23 Benjamin Fall
Coach:
Jacques Brunel
FB 15 Rob Kearney
RW 14 Keith Earls
OC 13 Robbie Henshaw
IC 12 Bundee Aki
LW 11 Jacob Stockdale 75'
FH 10 Jonathan Sexton
SH 9 Conor Murray
N8 8 CJ Stander
OF 7 Josh van der Flier 37'
BF 6 Peter O'Mahony
RL 5 James Ryan 68'
LL 4 Iain Henderson
TP 3 Tadhg Furlong 70'
HK 2 Rory Best (c) 68'
LP 1 Cian Healy 61'
Replacements:
HK 16 Sean Cronin 68'
PR 17 Jack McGrath 61'
PR 18 John Ryan 70'
LK 19 Devin Toner 68'
FL 20 Dan Leavy 37'
SH 21 Luke McGrath
FH 22 Joey Carbery
WG 23 Fergus McFadden 75'
Coach:
Joe Schmidt
Man of the Match:
Guilhem Guirado (France)
Touch judges:
Wayne Barnes (England)
Paul Williams (New Zealand)
Television match official:
Rowan Kitt (England)
Notes:
Matthieu Jalibert, Geoffrey Palis, Adrien Pélissié, Dany Priso, Cedate Gomes Sa and Marco Tauleigne (all France) made their international debuts.[6]
4 February 2018
16:00 CET (UTC+1)
Italy
15–46
England (1 BP)
Try: Benvenuti 20' c
Bellini 58' m
Con: Allan (1/2) 22'
Pen: Allan (1/1) 39'
Report Try: Watson (2) 3' m, 11' m
Farrell 26' c
Simmonds (2) 52' c, 75' c
Ford 68' c
Nowell 77' m
Con: Farrell (4/7) 27', 53', 69', 76'
Pen: Farrell (1/1) 47'
Stadio Olimpico, Rome
Attendance: 61,464
Referee: Mathieu Raynal (France)
FB 15 Matteo Minozzi
RW 14 Tommaso Benvenuti
OC 13 Tommaso Boni 80'
IC 12 Tommaso Castello 73' 80'
LW 11 Mattia Bellini
FH 10 Tommaso Allan 73'
SH 9 Marcello Violi 63'
N8 8 Sergio Parisse (c)
OF 7 Renato Giammarioli 50'
BF 6 Sebastian Negri
RL 5 Dean Budd 61'
LL 4 Alessandro Zanni
TP 3 Simone Ferrari 54'
HK 2 Leonardo Ghiraldini 54'
LP 1 Andrea Lovotti 41'
Replacements:
HK 16 Luca Bigi 54'
PR 17 Nicola Quaglio 41'
PR 18 Tiziano Pasquali 54'
LK 19 George Biagi 61'
FL 20 Maxime Mbanda 50'
SH 21 Edoardo Gori 63'
FH 22 Carlo Canna 73'
FB 23 Jayden Hayward 73'
Coach:
Conor O'Shea
FB 15 Mike Brown 61'
RW 14 Anthony Watson
OC 13 Ben Te'o 59'
IC 12 Owen Farrell
LW 11 Jonny May
FH 10 George Ford
SH 9 Ben Youngs 10'
N8 8 Sam Simmonds
OF 7 Chris Robshaw 67'
BF 6 Courtney Lawes 59'
RL 5 Maro Itoje
LL 4 Joe Launchbury
TP 3 Dan Cole 54'
HK 2 Dylan Hartley (c) 54'
LP 1 Mako Vunipola 73'
Replacements:
HK 16 Jamie George 54'
PR 17 Alec Hepburn 73'
PR 18 Harry Williams 54'
LK 19 George Kruis 59'
FL 20 Sam Underhill 67'
SH 21 Danny Care 10'
CE 22 Jonathan Joseph 59'
WG 23 Jack Nowell 61'
Coach:
Eddie Jones
Man of the Match:
Anthony Watson (England)
Touch judges:
Jérôme Garcès (France)
Nic Berry (Australia)
Television match official:
Glenn Newman (New Zealand)
Notes:
Alessandro Zanni (Italy) became the seventh Italian international to earn his 100th test cap.
Alec Hepburn (England) made his international debut.
Week 2[edit]
10 February 2018
14:15 GMT (UTC+0)
(1 BP) Ireland
56–19
Italy
Try: Henshaw (2) 11' c, 44' c
Murray 14' c
Aki 21' c
Earls 35' c
Best 53' c
Stockdale (2) 60' c, 70' c
Con: Sexton (5/5) 12', 16', 22', 37', 45'
Carbery (3/3) 54', 61', 71'
Report Try: Allan 56' c
Gori 66' c
Minozzi 75' m
Con: Allan (2/3) 58', 66'
Aviva Stadium, Dublin
Attendance: 51,700
Referee: Romain Poite (France)
FB 15 Rob Kearney
RW 14 Keith Earls
OC 13 Robbie Henshaw 45'
IC 12 Bundee Aki
LW 11 Jacob Stockdale
FH 10 Jonathan Sexton 51'
SH 9 Conor Murray 51'
N8 8 Jack Conan 41'
OF 7 Dan Leavy
BF 6 Peter O'Mahony
RL 5 Devin Toner
LL 4 Iain Henderson 41'
TP 3 Tadhg Furlong 4'
HK 2 Rory Best (c) 61'
LP 1 Jack McGrath 68'
Replacements:
HK 16 Sean Cronin 61'
PR 17 Cian Healy 68'
PR 18 Andrew Porter 4'
LK 19 Quinn Roux 41'
N8 20 CJ Stander 41'
SH 21 Kieran Marmion 51'
FH 22 Joey Carbery 51'
FB 23 Jordan Larmour 45'
Coach:
Joe Schmidt
FB 15 Matteo Minozzi
RW 14 Tommaso Benvenuti
OC 13 Tommaso Boni 54'
IC 12 Tommaso Castello
LW 11 Mattia Bellini
FH 10 Tommaso Allan
SH 9 Marcello Violi 58'
N8 8 Sergio Parisse (c)
OF 7 Braam Steyn 45'
BF 6 Sebastian Negri 58'
RL 5 Dean Budd
LL 4 Alessandro Zanni
TP 3 Simone Ferrari 54'
HK 2 Luca Bigi 45'
LP 1 Nicola Quaglio 37'
Replacements:
HK 16 Leonardo Ghiraldini 45'
PR 17 Andrea Lovotti 37'
PR 18 Tiziano Pasquali 54'
LK 19 Federico Ruzza 58'
FL 20 Maxime Mbanda 45'
SH 21 Edoardo Gori 58'
FH 22 Carlo Canna
FB 23 Jayden Hayward 54'
Coach:
Conor O'Shea
Man of the Match:
Conor Murray (Ireland)
Touch judges:
Pascal Gaüzère (France)
Matthew Carley (England)
Television match official:
David Grashoff (England)
Notes:
Jordan Larmour (Ireland) made his international debut.[7]
This was Ireland's 300th Test win.
10 February 2018
16:45 GMT (UTC+0)
England
12–6
Wales (1 BP)
Try: May (2) 3' m, 20' c
Con: Farrell (1/2) 21'
Report Pen: Patchell (1/2) 24'
Anscombe (1/1) 77'
Twickenham Stadium, London
Attendance: 82,000
Referee: Jérôme Garcès (France)
FB 15 Mike Brown
RW 14 Anthony Watson 45'
OC 13 Jonathan Joseph
IC 12 Owen Farrell
LW 11 Jonny May
FH 10 George Ford 68'
SH 9 Danny Care 65'
N8 8 Sam Simmonds 41'
OF 7 Chris Robshaw
BF 6 Courtney Lawes
RL 5 Maro Itoje
LL 4 Joe Launchbury 68'
TP 3 Dan Cole 65'
HK 2 Dylan Hartley (c) 1' 11' 52'
LP 1 Mako Vunipola 77'
Replacements:
HK 16 Jamie George 1' 11' 52'
PR 17 Alec Hepburn 77'
PR 18 Harry Williams 65'
LK 19 George Kruis 68'
FL 20 Sam Underhill 41'
SH 21 Richard Wigglesworth 65'
CE 22 Ben Te'o 68'
WG 23 Jack Nowell 45'
Coach:
Eddie Jones
FB 15 Gareth Anscombe
RW 14 Josh Adams
OC 13 Scott Williams
IC 12 Hadleigh Parkes
LW 11 Steffan Evans
FH 10 Rhys Patchell 56'
SH 9 Gareth Davies 66'
N8 8 Ross Moriarty 65'
OF 7 Josh Navidi
BF 6 Aaron Shingler
RL 5 Alun Wyn Jones (c)
LL 4 Cory Hill 74'
TP 3 Samson Lee 58'
HK 2 Ken Owens 65'
LP 1 Rob Evans 58'
Replacements:
HK 16 Elliot Dee 65'
PR 17 Wyn Jones 58'
PR 18 Tomas Francis 58'
LK 19 Bradley Davies 73'
FL 20 Justin Tipuric 65'
SH 21 Aled Davies 66'
FH 22 Owen Watkin
WG 23 George North 56'
Coach:
Warren Gatland
Man of the Match:
Mike Brown (England)
Touch judges:
George Clancy (Ireland)
Nic Berry (Australia)
Television match official:
Glenn Newman (New Zealand)
Notes:
With this win, England won their 15th consecutive Six Nations home game, breaking their previous record of 14 between 1998-2003.[8]
Leigh Halfpenny was originally named in the starting XV but fell ill the night before the match. Gareth Anscombe replaced him in the starting XV, and centre Owen Watkin came onto the bench.
This was the lowest aggregate score in a Six Nations match since England beat Ireland 12-6 in 2013.
World Rugby later confirmed that the TMO incorrectly disallowed a try scored by Gareth Anscombe.[9]
11 February 2018
15:00 GMT (UTC+0)
Scotland
32–26
France (1 BP)
Try: Maitland 13' c
H. Jones 32' c
Con: Laidlaw (2/2) 14', 33'
Pen: Laidlaw (6/6) 44', 49', 61', 65', 71', 77'
Report Try: Thomas (2) 3' c, 27' c
Con: Machenaud (2/2) 4', 28'
Pen: Machenaud (2/2) 10', 40+2'
Serin (2/2) 47', 58'
Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
Attendance: 67,144
Referee: John Lacey (Ireland)
FB 15 Stuart Hogg
RW 14 Tommy Seymour
OC 13 Huw Jones
IC 12 Peter Horne
LW 11 Sean Maitland
FH 10 Finn Russell 65'
SH 9 Greig Laidlaw
N8 8 Ryan Wilson
OF 7 Hamish Watson
BF 6 John Barclay (c) 65'
RL 5 Jonny Gray
LL 4 Grant Gilchrist 58'
TP 3 Simon Berghan
HK 2 Stuart McInally
LP 1 Gordon Reid 58'
Replacements:
HK 16 Scott Lawson
PR 17 Jamie Bhatti 58'
PR 18 Jon Welsh
LK 19 Ben Toolis 58'
N8 20 David Denton 65'
SH 21 Ali Price 65'
CE 22 Chris Harris
FB 23 Blair Kinghorn
Coach:
Gregor Townsend
FB 15 Geoffrey Palis
RW 14 Teddy Thomas
OC 13 Rémi Lamerat
IC 12 Geoffrey Doumayrou
LW 11 Virimi Vakatawa 71'
FH 10 Lionel Beauxis 71'
SH 9 Maxime Machenaud 41'
N8 8 Marco Tauleigne 58'
OF 7 Yacouba Camara
BF 6 Wenceslas Lauret
RL 5 Sébastien Vahaamahina 71'
LL 4 Arthur Iturria
TP 3 Rabah Slimani 58'
HK 2 Guilhem Guirado (c) 75'
LP 1 Jefferson Poirot 58'
Replacements:
HK 16 Adrien Pélissié 75'
PR 17 Eddy Ben Arous 58'
PR 18 Cedate Gomes Sa 58'
LK 19 Paul Gabrillagues 71'
N8 20 Louis Picamoles 58'
SH 21 Baptiste Serin 41'
FH 22 Anthony Belleau 71'
WG 23 Benjamin Fall 71'
Coach:
Jacques Brunel
Man of the Match:
Greig Laidlaw (Scotland)
Touch judges:
Nigel Owens (Wales)
Paul Williams (New Zealand)
Television match official:
Rowan Kitt (England)
Notes:
Scotland claim the first ever Auld Alliance Trophy.[10]
Week 3[edit]
23 February 2018
21:00 CET (UTC+1)
France
v
Italy
Stade Vélodrome, Marseille
Referee: Wayne Barnes (England)
24 February 2018
14:15 GMT (UTC+0)
Ireland
v
Wales
Aviva Stadium, Dublin
Referee: Glen Jackson (New Zealand)
24 February 2018
16:45 GMT (UTC+0)
Scotland
v
England
Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh
Referee: Nigel Owens (Wales)
Week 4[edit]
10 March 2018
14:15 GMT (UTC+0)
Ireland
v
Scotland
Aviva Stadium, Dublin
Referee: Wayne Barnes (England)
10 March 2018
17:45 CET (UTC+1)
France
v
England
Stade de France, Saint-Denis
Referee: Jaco Peyper (South Africa)
11 March 2018
15:00 GMT (UTC+0)
Wales
v
Italy
Millennium Stadium, Cardiff
Referee: Jérôme Garcès (France)
Week 5[edit]
17 March 2018
13:30 CET (UTC+1)
Italy
v
Scotland
Stadio Olimpico, Rome
Referee: Pascal Gaüzère (France)
17 March 2018
14:45 GMT (UTC+0)
England
v
Ireland
Twickenham Stadium, London
Referee: Angus Gardner (Australia)
17 March 2018
17:00 GMT (UTC+0)
Wales
v
France
Millennium Stadium, Cardiff
Referee: Ben O'Keeffe (New Zealand)
Statistics[edit]
Top points scorers[edit]
Pos
Name
Team
Pts
1 Jonathan Sexton Ireland 25
2 Leigh Halfpenny Wales 24
3 Greig Laidlaw Scotland 22
4 Owen Farrell England 18
5 Maxime Machenaud France 16
6 Teddy Thomas France 15
7 Tommaso Allan Italy 14
8 Jonny May England 10
Sam Simmonds England
Anthony Watson England
Jacob Stockdale Ireland
Robbie Henshaw Ireland
Top try scorers[edit]
Pos
Name
Team
Tries
1 Teddy Thomas France 3
2 Leigh Halfpenny Wales 2
Jonny May England
Sam Simmonds England
Anthony Watson England
Jacob Stockdale Ireland
Robbie Henshaw Ireland
8 17 Players with 1 try
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Six Nations 2018 Guide". Six Nations. 1 February 2017. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Six Nations to Trial Bonus Points in 2017". sixnationsrugby.com. Retrieved 18 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Six Nations: Bonus-point system introduced for 2017 tournament". BBC Sport. 1 December 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Fixtures announced for 2018 and 2019 Championships". Six Nations Rugby. 16 May 2017. Retrieved 17 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Wales 34-7 Scotland". BBC Sport. 3 February 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "France 13-15 Ireland". BBC Sport. 3 February 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ireland 56-19 Italy". BBC Sport. 10 February 2018. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "England 12-6 Wales". BBC Sport. 10 February 2018. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Six Nations: World Rugby confirms TMO error in England v Wales match". BBC Sport. 2018-02-13. Retrieved 2018-02-14.
Jump up ^ "Scotland 32-26 France". BBC Sport. 11 February 2018. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
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