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Manchester, New Hampshire
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largest city in New Hampshire
City in New Hampshire, United States
Manchester, New Hampshire
City
Clockwise from top: Manchester skyline from above Amoskeag Falls, Hanover Street, a Fisher Cats game at Northeast Delta Dental Stadium, the Arms Park Riverwalk and Millyard, and City Hall.

Flag
Seal
Nickname(s): Queen City, Manch Vegas[1]
Motto(s): Labor Vincit (work conquers)

Location in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire
Coordinates: 42°59′27″N 71°27′49″W / 42.99083°N 71.46361°W / 42.99083; -71.46361Coordinates: 42°59′27″N 71°27′49″W / 42.99083°N 71.46361°W / 42.99083; -71.46361
Country
United States
State
New Hampshire
County
Hillsborough
Incorporated
(as Derryfield)
1751
Incorporated
(as Manchester)
1846
Government
• Mayor
Joyce Craig (D)
• Aldermen
Members[show]
Kevin J. Cavanaugh
Will Stewart
Tim Baines
Christopher Herbert
Anthony Sapienza
Elizabeth Moreau
William P. Shea
John Cataldo
Barbara E. Shaw
Bill Barry
Normand Gamache
Keith Hirschmann
Daniel P. O'Neil
Joseph Kelly Levasseur
Area
• City
35.0 sq mi (90.6 km2)
• Land
33.1 sq mi (85.7 km2)
• Water
1.9 sq mi (4.8 km2) 5.33%
Elevation
210 ft (64 m)
Population (2010)[2]
• City
109,565
• Estimate (2017)[3]
111,196
• Rank
US: 264th
• Density
3,338/sq mi (1,289.0/km2)
• Urban
158,377 (US: 209th)
• Metro
406,678 (US: 132nd)
Time zone
Eastern (UTC-5)
• Summer (DST)
Eastern (UTC-4)
ZIP code
03101-03111 (03110 assigned to suburb Bedford)
Area code(s)
603
FIPS code
33-45140
GNIS feature ID
0868243
Website
www.manchesternh.gov
Manchester is the most populous city in the U.S. state of New Hampshire and the largest city in northern New England, an area comprising the states of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 109,565,[4] and its estimated 2017 population was 111,196.[3] It is one of two seats of Hillsborough County (along with Nashua), the state of New Hampshire's most populous county. Manchester is located near the northern end of the Northeast megalopolis, along the banks of the Merrimack River—which divides the city into eastern and western sections. It was first named by the merchant and inventor Samuel Blodgett (after whom Samuel Blodget Park and Blodget Street in Manchester's North End are named). Blodget's vision was to create a great industrial center similar to that of the original Manchester in England, which was the world's first industrialized city.[5]
Manchester often appears favorably in lists ranking the affordability and livability of U.S. cities. In 2015, CNNMoney.com ranked it #1 in the U.S. for small businesses, and in 2009, another site ranked Manchester 13th in a list of the 100 best cities in the U.S. to live and launch a business.[6][7] In addition, Kiplinger voted Manchester the second most tax-friendly city in the U.S., second only to Anchorage, Alaska.[8] Also in 2009, Forbes magazine ranked the Manchester region first on its list of "America's 100 Cheapest Places to Live."[9] According to the Equality of Opportunity Project, released in 2013, Manchester ranked as the seventh best metropolitan area in the U.S. in terms of upward income mobility.[10] In 2014, Forbes magazine ranked this city among the top 5 most educated cities in the United States.[11]
Contents
1 History
2 Geography
2.1 Neighborhoods
2.2 Surrounding urban neighborhoods
2.3 Climate
3 Demographics
4 Economy
4.1 Downtown
4.2 Shopping
5 Arts and culture
6 Sports
6.1 Professional
7 Government
8 Education
8.1 Public schools
8.2 Private schools
8.3 Post-secondary schools
9 Media
9.1 Television
10 Infrastructure
10.1 Transportation
10.1.1 Air
10.1.2 Roads
10.1.3 Bus
10.1.4 Passenger rail (future)
10.2 Public safety
10.2.1 Law enforcement
10.2.2 Fire department
11 Notable people
12 Sister cities
13 See also
14 Gallery
15 Notes
16 References
17 Further reading
18 External links
History[edit]
See also: Timeline of Manchester, New Hampshire
Mills on the Merrimack River and the West Side of Manchester
Pennacook Indians called it Namaoskeag, meaning "good fishing place"—a reference to the Amoskeag Falls in the Merrimack River.[12] In 1722, John Goffe III settled beside Cohas Brook, later building a dam and sawmill at what was dubbed Old Harry's Town. It was granted by Massachusetts in 1727 as Tyngstown to veterans of Queen Anne's War who served in 1703 under Captain William Tyng.[13] But at New Hampshire's 1741 separation from Massachusetts, the grant was ruled invalid and substituted with Wilton, Maine, so Governor Benning Wentworth rechartered the town in 1751 as "Derryfield". The rechartered name lives on in Derryfield Park and Derryfield Country Club, both on the east side of contemporary Manchester, and in the Derryfield School.[13]
In 1807, Samuel Blodget opened a canal and lock system to allow vessels passage around the falls. He envisioned here a great industrial center, "the Manchester of America", like the Industrial Revolution's Manchester in England, the first industrialized city in the world.[13][14] In 1809, Benjamin Prichard and others built a cotton spinning mill operated by water power on the western bank of the Merrimack. Following Blodgett's suggestion, Derryfield was renamed Manchester in 1810, the year the mill was incorporated as the Amoskeag Cotton & Woolen Manufacturing Company.[15] It would be purchased in 1825 by entrepreneurs from Massachusetts, expanded to 3 mills in 1826, and then incorporated in 1831 as the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company.[13][14]
Elm Street, c. 1905
Child laborers at Amoskeag Manufacturing in Manchester (1909); photo by Lewis Hine
On the eastern bank, Amoskeag engineers and architects planned a model company town, founded in 1838 with Elm Street as its main thoroughfare. Incorporated as a city in 1846, Manchester would become home to the largest cotton mill in the world—Mill No. 11, stretching 900 feet (270 m) long by 103 feet (31 m) wide, and containing 4,000 looms. Other products made in the community included shoes, cigars, and paper. The Amoskeag foundry made rifles, sewing machines, textile machinery, fire engines, and locomotives in a division called the Amoskeag Locomotive Works (later, the Manchester Locomotive Works). The rapid growth of the mills demanded a large influx of workers, resulting in a flood of immigrants, particularly French Canadians. Many current residents descend from these workers. The Amoskeag Manufacturing Company went out of business in 1935, although its red brick mills have been renovated for other uses. Indeed, the mill town's 19th-century affluence left behind some of the finest Victorian commercial, municipal, and residential architecture in the state.[16]
Geography[edit]
View of downtown from the north
Manchester is in south-central New Hampshire, 18 miles (29 km) south of Concord, the state capital, and the same distance north of Nashua, the second-largest city in the state. Manchester is 51 miles (82 km) north-northwest of Boston, the largest city in New England.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 35.0 square miles (90.6 km2), of which 33.1 square miles (85.7 km2) is land and 1.9 square miles (4.8 km2) is water, comprising 5.33% of the city.[4] Manchester is drained by the Merrimack River and its tributaries the Piscataquog River and Cohas Brook. Massabesic Lake is on the eastern border. The highest point in Manchester is atop Wellington Hill, where the elevation reaches 570 feet (170 m) above sea level.
Neighborhoods[edit]
Main article: Neighborhoods in Manchester, New Hampshire
The Manchester Planning Board, in its 2010 Master Plan, defines 25 neighborhoods within the city. LivableMHT has drawn maps of the neighborhoods and neighborhood village centers as defined by the city.[17] Recognition of particular neighborhoods varies, with some having neighborhood associations, but none have any legal or political authority.
The major neighborhoods, historically, include Amoskeag, Rimmon Heights, Notre Dame/McGregorville and Piscataquog/Granite Square also known as "Piscat" on the West Side; and the North End, Janeville/Corey Square, Hallsville and Bakersville on the East Side; along with Youngsville and Goffes Falls on the periphery of the city.[18]
In 2007, the city began a Neighborhood Initiatives program to "insure that our neighborhoods are vibrant, livable areas since these are the portions of the city where most of the residents spend their time living, playing, shopping and going to school."[19] The purpose of this initiative is to foster vibrancy and redevelopment in the neighborhoods, and to restore the sense of neighborhood communities that had been overlooked in the city for some time. The city began the program with street-scape and infrastructure improvements in the Rimmon Heights neighborhood of the West Side, which has spurred growth and investment in and by the community.[20] Despite the success of the program in Rimmon Heights, it was unclear in recent years how the city planned to implement similar programs throughout the city. The city announced plans for extending the Neighborhood Initiatives program to the Hollow neighborhood in February 2012.[21]
View of the West Side from Rock Rimmon
Surrounding urban neighborhoods[edit]
The urban core of Manchester extends beyond its city limits in several directions, particularly west and south of downtown, including:
Pinardville – In the town of Goffstown, Pinardville is a fairly dense, former streetcar suburb along Mast Road to the west of Manchester. It is home to Saint Anselm College.
River Corridor – In the town of Bedford, the River Corridor is a mid-density, primarily shopping district along South River Road about two-and-a-half miles from downtown Manchester. The area has recently implemented Tax Increment Financing to improve and maintain infrastructure, and the Town of Bedford's most recent master plan has called for increasing mixed-use development and promoting walkability and transit use, though the Manchester Transit Authority bus service in the area was recently curtailed following a decision by the Town of Bedford to discontinue funding service.
Northeast Bedford – The northeast section of Bedford is a mainly low to mid-density suburban residential area near the terminus of the former St. Joseph's streetcar line along Donald Street and post-war development along Boynton Street, with some businesses scattered throughout. The area does not have a formal name, but the section along Boynton Street has variously been called the Plains and the Pines. The northern area is more rural with large portions owned by Saint Anselm College.
South Hooksett – The southeastern portion of the town of Hooksett is a sprawling, suburban shopping area north of Manchester.
Manchester–Boston Regional Airport near the city's southeastern corner, and the surrounding industrial areas extend into neighboring Londonderry.
Climate[edit]
Manchester has a four-season humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa), with long, cold, snowy winters, and very warm and somewhat humid summers; spring and fall in between are crisp and relatively brief transitions. The monthly daily average temperature ranges from 24.4 °F (−4.2 °C) in January to 72.5 °F (22.5 °C) in July. On average, there are 11 days of highs at or above 90 °F (32 °C) and 3.0 days of lows at or below 0 °F (−18 °C) annually.[22] Precipitation is well-spread throughout the year, though winter is the driest season while March tends to be the wettest. Record temperatures range from −29 °F (−34 °C) on February 16, 1943, up to 103 °F (39 °C) on July 22, 2011.[23]
hideClimate data for Manchester–Boston Regional Airport, New Hampshire (1981−2010 normals, extremes 1885–present)[a]
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °F (°C)
69
(21) 77
(25) 85
(29) 94
(34) 97
(36) 100
(38) 103
(39) 100
(38) 100
(38) 88
(31) 76
(24) 74
(23) 103
(39)
Average high °F (°C)
33.1
(0.6) 36.9
(2.7) 44.9
(7.2) 57.6
(14.2) 68.7
(20.4) 77.5
(25.3) 82.4
(28) 81.0
(27.2) 72.6
(22.6) 61.0
(16.1) 49.8
(9.9) 38.2
(3.4) 58.7
(14.8)
Average low °F (°C)
15.7
(−9.1) 19.0
(−7.2) 27.2
(−2.7) 37.0
(2.8) 47.5
(8.6) 56.6
(13.7) 62.7
(17.1) 60.9
(16.1) 52.5
(11.4) 40.6
(4.8) 33.1
(0.6) 22.5
(−5.3) 39.7
(4.3)
Record low °F (°C)
−26
(−32) −29
(−34) −18
(−28) 13
(−11) 25
(−4) 34
(1) 36
(2) 40
(4) 28
(−2) 13
(−11) 4
(−16) −20
(−29) −29
(−34)
Average precipitation inches (mm)
3.02
(76.7) 2.78
(70.6) 4.33
(110) 3.86
(98) 4.05
(102.9) 3.79
(96.3) 3.80
(96.5) 3.63
(92.2) 3.81
(96.8) 4.16
(105.7) 4.07
(103.4) 3.28
(83.3) 44.58
(1,132.3)
Source: NOAA[23][22]
Demographics[edit]
Downtown Manchester looking south along Elm Street
The city is the center of the Manchester, New Hampshire, New England City and Town Metropolitan Area (NECTA MA), which had a population of 187,596 as of the 2010 census.[24] As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 109,565,[4] and its 2017 population estimate was 111,196.[3] The Manchester-Nashua metropolitan area, with an estimated population in 2015 of 406,678, is home to nearly one-third of the population of New Hampshire.[25]
As of the census of 2010,[26] there were 109,565 residents, 45,766 households, and 26,066 families in the city. The population density was 3,320.2 people per square mile (1,281.5/km²). There were 49,288 housing units at an average density of 1,493.6 per square mile (576.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 86.1% White, 4.1% Black or African American, 0.30% Native American, 3.7% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 3.1% from some other race, and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.1% of the population. Non-Hispanic Whites were 82.0% of the population,[27] down from 98.0% in 1980.[28]
In 2011 the largest ancestry groups within the city's population were: French and French-Canadian (23.9%), Irish (19.5%), English (9.9%), German (8.6%), and Italian (8.1%).[29]
Historical population
Census
Pop.
%±
1790 362 —
1800 557 53.9%
1810 615 10.4%
1820 761 23.7%
1830 877 15.2%
1840 3,235 268.9%
1850 13,932 330.7%
1860 20,107 44.3%
1870 23,536 17.1%
1880 32,630 38.6%
1890 44,126 35.2%
1900 56,987 29.1%
1910 70,063 22.9%
1920 78,384 11.9%
1930 76,834 −2.0%
1940 77,685 1.1%
1950 82,732 6.5%
1960 88,282 6.7%
1970 87,754 −0.6%
1980 90,936 3.6%
1990 99,332 9.2%
2000 107,006 7.7%
2010 109,565 2.4%
Est. 2017 111,196 [3] 1.5%
U.S. Decennial Census[30]
At the 2010 census, there were 45,766 households, out of which 26.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.4% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.0% were non-families. 32.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 persons and the average family size was 2.99.[26]
In the city, the population was spread out with 21.6% under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 30.4% from 25 to 44, 26.0% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.6 males.[26]
In 2011 the estimated median income for a household in the city was $51,082, and the median income for a family was $63,045. Male full-time workers had a median income of $43,583 versus $37,155 for females. The per capita income for the city was $26,131. 14.1% of the population and 9.6% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 21.8% were under the age of 18 and 9.9% were 65 or older.[31]
Economy[edit]
Amoskeag Bank in 1913: At 10 stories, it was Manchester's "skyscraper" for over a half-century.
Manchester is northern New England's largest city, and as of the 2014 U.S. Census population estimate was the most populous New England city north of Boston, including other Massachusetts cities. Its metropolitan area is one of the fastest growing in New England. Its economy has changed greatly, as Manchester was a textile mill town about 40 years ago. In March 2009, Kiplinger voted Manchester the second most tax friendly city in the U.S., after Anchorage, Alaska.[8] Earlier in the year, CNN rated Manchester 13th in its top 100 best places in the U.S. to live and launch a business.[7] Manchester is nicknamed the Queen City, as well as the more recently coined "Manch Vegas".[1] In 1998, Manchester was named the "Number One Small City in the East" by Money magazine. The Mall of New Hampshire, on Manchester's southern fringe near the intersection of Interstates 93 and 293, is the city's main retail center. In 2001, the Verizon Wireless Arena, a venue seating more than 10,000, opened for major concerts and sporting events, enhancing the city's downtown revitalization efforts with a major hotel and convention center already in place directly across the street from the arena. The building was renamed the SNHU Arena in 2016, after Manchester's Southern New Hampshire University.
Manchester is the home of Segway, Inc., manufacturers of a two-wheeled, self-balancing electric vehicle invented by Dean Kamen.
Downtown[edit]
Downtown Manchester's One City Hall Plaza stands 22 stories high, quickly followed by the all-black, 20-story Brady Sullivan Plaza, formerly known as the Hampshire Plaza. They are the tallest New England buildings north of Cambridge, Massachusetts. The Sullivan Plaza is shorter than City Hall Plaza by a mere 16 feet (4.9 m). Other major buildings include the 18-story Wall Street Apartments tower; the 14-story, recently renamed Brady Sullivan Tower, which was the former New Hampshire Insurance building; at 12 stories, the Radisson Hotel and Convention Center Manchester (which serves the SNHU Arena across the street), the Carpenter Center (a former hotel), and the Hampshire Towers condominium building; the 10-story Citizens Bank Building, which was, for much of the early- and mid-20th century, Manchester's iconic Amoskeag Bank "skyscraper"; and several high-rises of or exceeding 10 stories on the city's West Side. This partial list only includes residential and commercial buildings and does not include hospitals, spires and domes, etc.
The SNHU Arena has become the centerpiece of downtown Manchester. The venue can seat slightly less than 12,000 patrons for concerts, and at least 10,000-seat configurations for sporting and other forms of entertainment. The arena is home to the Manchester Monarchs, the local ECHL affiliate of the Los Angeles Kings. It has also hosted major recording artists and comedians, national touring theatrical productions, family-oriented shows, and fairs since it opened in 2001.[32] The Northeast Delta Dental Stadium (formerly MerchantsAuto.com Stadium) is a baseball park located on the Merrimack River in downtown Manchester and is home to the local AA baseball affiliate of the Toronto Blue Jays, the New Hampshire Fisher Cats. Historic Gill Stadium supported professional minor-league baseball into the early 21st century and continues to be a viable and popular downtown venue for many sporting and entertainment events, seating nearly 4,000 patrons, depending on the event format.
In recent years there has been continual redevelopment of the Amoskeag Millyard and its residential Historic District. The increasing popularity of downtown living has caused many properties originally built as tenement housing for mill workers in the 19th century to be converted to stylish, eclectic residential condominiums. Many new retail stores and higher education institutions, including the University of New Hampshire at Manchester, have been uniquely retro-fitted into properties along Commercial and Canal Street.
Shopping[edit]
Manchester has three main retail areas: downtown Manchester, South Willow Street (NH Route 28), and Second Street (NH Route 3A) on the West Side. The Mall of New Hampshire is located on South Willow Street, and, with more than 125 stores, is one of the largest shopping centers in southern New Hampshire and central New England.[citation needed]
Arts and culture[edit]
Currier Museum of Art at 150 Ash Street
Cultural landmarks include the historic Palace Theatre, the Currier Museum of Art, the New Hampshire Institute of Art, the Franco-American Center, the Manchester Historic Association Millyard Museum, the Massabesic Audubon Center, the Amoskeag Fishways Learning and Visitors Center, the Lawrence L. Lee Scouting Museum and Max I. Silber Library, and the SEE Science Center.[33] Valley Cemetery, the resting place of numerous prominent citizens since 1841, is an early example of a garden-style burial ground.
The John F. Kennedy Memorial Coliseum is another, smaller venue located in downtown Manchester with a capacity of approximately 3,000 seats. It was completed in 1963, serves as home ice for the Manchester Central and Memorial High School hockey teams, and is home to the Southern New Hampshire Skating Club.[34]
The nickname "ManchVegas" was derived from illegal gambling in local businesses during the late 1980s or early 1990s. Many pizza shops and local bars had video poker machines that would pay out real money. The nickname was coined following a citywide bust of these machines. It was then adopted as a lampoon of the city's limited entertainment opportunities. The term has since become a source of pride as the city's entertainment scene has grown. By 2003 it was well enough known that a note on Virtualtourist.com said, "Residents reflect the regional dry humor by referring to sedate Manchester as 'ManchVegas'."[35] By 2005, an article in Manchester's Hippo (a local alternative weekly) said that then-Mayor Robert A. Baines "is pushing to replace the nickname ManchVegas with Manchhattan" (meaning Manchester+Manhattan).[36] In 2009 the film Monsters, Marriage and Murder in ManchVegas was released referencing Manchester's popular nickname and using much of the city as its backdrop.[37]
Manchester has a growing collective of artists, due in large part to the influx of young students at the New Hampshire Institute of Art, Southern New Hampshire University, and the University of New Hampshire at Manchester. Slam Free or Die, New Hampshire's only weekly slam poetry venue, is located in Manchester and was voted "Best Poetry Venue in the World" [38] by readers of Write Bloody Publishing.
The Manchester City Library has served the city's residents since the mid-1850s and has been housed in the Carpenter Memorial Building on Pine Street since 1914. There is a branch location on North Main Street on the West Side[39]
Sports[edit]
The city is home to McIntyre Ski Area, which opened in 1971. There are also college sports teams that play in and out of the city.[40]
Professional[edit]
Manchester is the only city in New Hampshire with professional sports teams. The SNHU Arena is home to the ECHL's Manchester Monarchs. From 2001 to 2015, Manchester had a team, also called the Manchester Monarchs, that played in the American Hockey League. In their final season in Manchester, the Monarchs won the league championship. Northeast Delta Dental Stadium is home to the two-time Eastern League champions, the New Hampshire Fisher Cats. The following is a list of Manchester's professional and minor-league sports teams.
Club
League
Venue
Established
Championships
Amoskeag Rugby Club
NERFU, rugby Northeast Athletic Club 1984 0
New Hampshire Fisher Cats
EL, baseball (professional) Northeast Delta Dental Stadium 2004 2
Manchester Monarchs
ECHL, ice hockey (professional) SNHU Arena 2015 0
ManchVegas Roller Girls
USARS, flat track roller derby West Side Ice Arena 2008 0
New Hampshire Roller Derby
WFTDA,[41] flat track roller derby JFK Memorial Coliseum[42] 2007 0
Manchester Freedom IWFL, women's tackle football West High 2002 0
Government[edit]
Manchester city vote
by party in presidential elections[43]
Year
GOP
DEM
Others
2016 43.29% 21,554 50.10% 24,941 7.08% 3,291
2012 43.60% 20,942 54.60% 26,227 1.80% 864
2008 44.02% 21,192 55.10% 26,526 0.89% 427
2004 49.82% 23,286 49.46% 23,116 0.72% 336
2000 47.11% 19,152 49.17% 19,991 3.72% 1,511
1996 38.26% 14,704 52.52% 20,185 9.22% 3,544
1992 40.10% 16,298 40.91% 16,627 18.99% 7,718
Manchester is incorporated as a city under the laws of the State of New Hampshire, and operates under a strong mayoral form of government. The mayor serves as chairman of the fourteen-member Board of Mayor and Aldermen, the city's legislative body. Each of Manchester's twelve wards elects a single alderman, and two additional at-large members are elected citywide.
The mayor also serves as the chair of the board of school committee. Like the board of aldermen, the school board has twelve members elected by ward and two at-large members. The School Board is not a city department; rather, it is a school district coterminous with the city, which obtains financing from the Board of Mayor and Aldermen.
In the New Hampshire Senate, Manchester is represented by three state senators, all Democrats:
Kevin Cavanaugh (District 16) – Wards 1, 2, 12
Donna Soucy (District 18) – Wards 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Lou D'Allesandro (District 20) – Wards 3, 4, 10, 11
In the New Hampshire Executive Council, Manchester is included within the 4th District and is currently represented by Democrat Chris C. Pappas. Manchester is included within New Hampshire's 1st congressional district and is currently represented by Democrat Carol Shea-Porter in the U.S. House of Representatives.
At the presidential level, Manchester is fairly independent but like most other large cities, it does have a slight Democratic tilt. George W. Bush narrowly carried the city by 170 votes in 2004, and other presidential elections have remained close.
Education[edit]
Lincoln statue by John Rogers in front of Central High School, 2005
Weston Observatory in Derryfield Park, 2012
Public schools[edit]
Manchester's public school system is run by the Manchester School District.
Manchester School District has four public high schools:
Manchester High School West
Manchester High School Central
Manchester Memorial High School
Manchester School of Technology
Manchester School District has four public middle schools and fourteen elementary schools.
Private schools[edit]
Manchester is served by three private high schools:
Trinity High School, a private, Roman Catholic high school
The Derryfield School, a private school serving sixth through twelfth grades
Holy Family Academy, a small Roman Catholic private school serving seventh through twelfth grades
In addition:
Mount Zion Christian Schools, a non-denominational, evangelical Christian school serving kindergarten through twelfth grade
The Founders Academy, a charter school that began in the 2014–15 school year for children in 6th to 12th grades
Saint Benedict Academy, a Catholic elementary school serving kindergarten through sixth grade (formerly Saint Raphael School and Westside Regional Catholic School)
Robert B. Jolicoeur School, a private special education school
St Anthony's School, a K–6 Catholic elementary school
St Casimir School, a K–8 Polish Catholic school
St. Catherine of Siena School, a pre-K to 6th grade parochial elementary school.[44]
St. Joseph Regional Junior High School, a grade 7-8 regional Catholic junior high school
Post-secondary schools[edit]
Area institutions of higher education, together enrolling more than 8,000 students, include:
Franklin Pierce University at Manchester
Granite State College – Manchester
Hellenic American University
Manchester Community College
Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences – Manchester, New Hampshire Secondary Campus
New Hampshire Institute of Art (formerly called the Manchester Institute of Arts and Sciences)
Saint Anselm College, located in the Pinardville neighborhood of the adjacent town of Goffstown, but with a Manchester mailing address and telephone exchange
Southern New Hampshire University, located on the boundary between Manchester and Hooksett
Springfield College Manchester
University of New Hampshire at Manchester
Media[edit]
The city is served by the New Hampshire Union Leader (formerly the Manchester Union Leader), The Hippo, the Manchester Mirror and the Manchester Ink Link.[45]
The city is home to the following FM radio stations:
WDER-FM 92.1 (Christian preaching)
Hot Hits 94.1 (top 40)
WZID 95.7 (adult contemporary)
WMLL 96.5 (classic hits)
WOKQ 97.5 (country music)
WGIR-FM 101.1 (rock music)
WFNQ 106.3 (classic rock)
Television[edit]
Manchester is on the northern edge of the Boston television market.
Channel
Callsign
Affiliation
Branding
Subchannels
Owner
(Virtual)
Channel
Programming
9.1 WMUR ABC WMUR 9 9.2
MeTV
Hearst Television
11.1 WENH PBS New Hampshire Public Television 11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
NHPTV Explore
World
Create
PBS Kids
New Hampshire Public Television
13.1 WYCN-CD Heroes & Icons Heroes & Icons 13.2
Heroes & Icons
OTA Broadcasting
21.1 WPXG ION ION 21.2
21.3
21.4
21.5
21.6 Qubo
ION Life
ION Shop
QVC
HSN ION Media Networks
50.1 WWJE Justice Network Univision Communications
60.1 WNEU Telemundo Telemundo Boston 60.2
60.3
60.4
NBC
TeleXitos
Cozi TV
NBCUniversal
Infrastructure[edit]
Transportation[edit]
Union Station, c. 1910
Air[edit]
The city is served by Manchester-Boston Regional Airport, the fourth-largest passenger and third-largest cargo airport in New England.
Roads[edit]
Interstates 93 and 293 and the F.E. Everett Turnpike are multi-lane highways that connect the metropolitan area to Concord and the White Mountains to the north and Nashua and Boston to the south. NH 101 is a four-lane highway eastbound from Manchester to Hampton Beach, connecting the city with the southeastern part of the state and the seacoast, as well as Maine and the Massachusetts North Shore via Interstate 95. West of Manchester, NH 101 is a two-lane highway serving as the main artery to Keene, the Monadnock region, and other points in southwestern New Hampshire, eventually connecting to NH 9 and the state's border with Vermont. U.S. Route 3 and state routes 3A, 28, 28A, and Bypass 28 also flow through the city.
A direct highway access with the airport connects the Everett Turnpike just south of the city with the Manchester-Boston Regional Airport via a Merrimack River-crossing connector road known as Raymond Wieczorek Drive (in honor of a former Manchester mayor instrumental in getting the access road built). The connector road also intersects with highways U.S. 3 and NH 3A.
Bus[edit]
Public transportation is provided by the Manchester Transit Authority, which runs several bus routes throughout the city and surrounding areas. Concord Trailways and Boston Express run commuter services to Boston and other parts of the state. Vermont Transit Lines (affiliated with Greyhound Lines) has lines to Montreal. In 2008, Boston Express moved to suburb Londonderry, New Hampshire, and now provides only limited service to downtown Manchester.
Passenger rail (future)[edit]
The possibility of Manchester being served by the Capital Corridor, an extension of the MBTA commuter rail from its current terminus in Lowell, Massachusetts, to Concord, which would also include a stop at Manchester-Boston Regional Airport, is being studied by the New Hampshire Rail Transit Authority and New Hampshire Department of Transportation, which have received federal funding for studying and planning the route.[46] The Capital Corridor route is also being studied as a possible future high-speed rail line connecting Montreal and Boston.[47] Currently, the Manchester-Nashua area is one of the 40 largest metropolitan areas in the United States without Amtrak service.[48]
With the expansion of Interstate 93 to eight lanes from Salem to Manchester under construction, space is being reserved in the median for potential future commuter or light rail service along this corridor.[49] The I-93 transit study also suggested restoring service on the Manchester and Lawrence branch for commuter and freight rail.[50] This corridor would support freight rail along with commuter, something that light rail cannot do.
In late 2011, Dean Kamen, inventor of the Segway and owner of several buildings in the Millyard, as well as co-founder of FIRST, proposed a rail loop for downtown and the Millyard. Several meetings have been held with area business and property owners, city officials and local developers, but the idea is in the early conceptual stages.[51]
The downtown rail loop, if approved by the Board of Mayor and Aldermen, would be about three miles long. The loop would go from the Manchester Millyards, down south for about half a mile, then turn over Elm Street, separate into two rails (the other going towards Manchester-Boston Regional Airport), and climb north to Bridge Street and up to the New Hampshire Tower, where it ends.
Public safety[edit]
Law enforcement[edit]
Law enforcement is provided by the Manchester Police Department. The Manchester police station is currently located at 405 Valley Street on the corner of Valley and Maple.
The Hillsborough County Department of Corrections is located at 445 Willow Street. The prison houses an average of 500 inmates.
Fire department[edit]
The city of Manchester is protected all year by the 200 paid, professional firefighters (IAFF Local 856) of the City of Manchester Fire Department. The department is currently commanded by a Chief of Department, Daniel Goonan, one Assistant Chief, and five District Chiefs.[52][53] The Manchester Fire Department currently operates out of ten fire stations, located throughout the city, and operate a fire apparatus fleet of ten engines, four trucks (2 staffed/ 2 cross-manned by the engine), one rescue, and one district chief (two if manpower permits). The Manchester Fire Department currently responds to over 26,000 emergency calls annually.[54][55][56]
Notable people[edit]
Main article: List of people from Manchester, New Hampshire
Sister cities[edit]
Manchester, United Kingdom
Neustadt an der Weinstraße, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
Taichung, Taiwan
Tel Aviv, Israel
Gweru, Zimbabwe
See also[edit]
List of mayors of Manchester, New Hampshire
West Side, Manchester, New Hampshire
Gallery[edit]
Granite Street (1900)
War Monument (1905)
Home of General John Stark (1906)
Old Central Fire Station (1907)
Old City Library (1908)
Bridge Street (1909)
Pearl Street School (c. 1910)
Monument to Spanish–American War soldiers (dedicated 1920)
Manchester houses the state Roman Catholic Diocese at 153 Ash Street.
Manchester NH Skyline (November 2014)
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Official precipitation records for Manchester were kept at an undisclosed location in the area from February 1885 to June 5, 1948, Manchester–Boston Regional Airport (KMHT) from June 6, 1948 to March 31, 1967, another, possibly differing, undisclosed location from April 1, 1967 to March 31, 1998, and again at KMHT since April 1, 1998. Temperature records began in April 1885, while snowfall records began on November 22, 1902. There are significant gaps in data coverage before April 1998; for more information, see ThreadEx
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Brooks, Scott (2005-10-26). "ManchVegas: Love it or hate it, the Queen City's other name has stuck". New Hampshire Union Leader. Retrieved 2011-01-20.
Jump up ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2014-11-04.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2017 (PEPANNRES): Incorporated Places, New Hampshire". Retrieved June 15, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Manchester city, New Hampshire". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved August 5, 2014.
Jump up ^ Manchester, New Hampshire Publisher: CityTownInfo.com Retrieved: 4 March 2014.
Jump up ^ Kavilanz, Parija. "10 best cities for small businesses". CNNMoney. Retrieved 2017-09-21.
^ Jump up to: a b From textiles to high-tech: No. 13, Manchester, N.H. - Mar. 26, 2008. Mutualfunds.info (2008-03-26). Retrieved on 2013-08-02.
^ Jump up to: a b "Top 10 Tax-Friendly Cities". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2017-03-08. Retrieved 2017-01-17.
Jump up ^ Greenburg, Zack O'Malley (14 July 2009). "In Depth: America's Best Cheap Cities".
Jump up ^ "10 Cities Where The American Dream Is Still Alive".
Jump up ^ Dill, Kathryn. "The Most And Least Educated Cities In America". Forbes. Retrieved 2017-09-21.
Jump up ^ Clarke, J.B. (1875). Manchester: A Brief Record of Its Past and a Picture of Its Present, Including an Account of Its Settlement and of Its Growth as a Town and City; a History of Its Schools, Churches, Societies, Banks. p. 11.
^ Jump up to: a b c d The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica (2 December 2014). "Manchester, New Hampshire". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 22 June 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Samson, Gary (2000). Manchester: The Mills And The Immigrant Experience. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Arcadia Publishing. pp. 13–18. ISBN 978-0-7385-0477-3.
Jump up ^ Tamara K. Hareven, Amoskeag: Life and Work in an American Factory City
Jump up ^ Samson, Gary (2000). Manchester: The Mills And The Immigrant Experience. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Arcadia Publishing. pp. 22–27. ISBN 978-0-7385-0477-3.
Jump up ^ Master Plan. Manchesternh.gov (2012-02-06). Retrieved on 2013-08-02.
Jump up ^ "Map". davidrumsey.com.
Jump up ^ City of Manchester : Current Projects Archived 2010-08-18 at the Wayback Machine.. Yourmanchesternh.com (2010-06-30). Retrieved on 2013-08-02.
Jump up ^ Oh Goodies: Wal-Mart Goes Mail-Order Gourmet | New Hampshire Public Radio. Nhpr.org (2012-11-14). Retrieved on 2013-08-02.
Jump up ^ Only In Print: Big-dollar facelift is hoped for the Hollow | New Hampshire Only in Print. Unionleader.com (2013-05-26). Retrieved on 2013-08-02.
^ Jump up to: a b "Station Name: NH MANCHESTER AP". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2017-09-08.
^ Jump up to: a b "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2018-02-26.
Jump up ^ "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data, Manchester, NH Metropolitan NECTA". U.S. Census Bureau, American FactFinder. Retrieved September 16, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015 (PEPANNRES) - United States -- Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Area; and for Puerto Rico". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved July 11, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data, Manchester city, New Hampshire". U.S. Census Bureau, American FactFinder. Retrieved September 16, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Manchester (city), New Hampshire". State & County QuickFacts. United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2015-07-17.
Jump up ^ "New Hampshire — Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2012-08-06.
Jump up ^ "Selected Social Characteristics in the United States: 2011 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (DP02), Manchester city, New Hampshire". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved February 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". Census.gov. Retrieved April 5, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Selected Economic Characteristics: 2011 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (DP03), Manchester city, New Hampshire". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved February 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-05-29. Retrieved 2014-05-12.
Jump up ^ "SEE Science Center". Retrieved 1 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Site, City of Manchester NH Official Web. "JFK Memorial Coliseum".
Jump up ^ "Manchester Local Customs". VirtualTourist.com. Retrieved June 7, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Manchester Parks need help". The Hippo. Retrieved June 7, 2010.
Jump up ^ Monsters, Marriage and Murder in Manchvegas IMDB
Jump up ^ "Slam Free or Die Voted "Best Poetry Venue in the World"". 26 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "Manchester City Library - Visit Us". Manchester City Library.
Jump up ^ "SNHU Athletics". Southern New Hampshire University - Official Website. SNHU. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "WFTDA Leagues – WFTDA".
Jump up ^ Rivers, Bryon (2009-08-21). "The women of Skate Free or Die prepare for final match" Archived 2013-01-10 at Archive.is. Lawrence Eagle Tribune. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
Jump up ^ http://sos.nh.gov/ElectResults.aspx
Jump up ^ "St. Catherine of Siena School".
Jump up ^ "Manchester Ink Link - Where all things Manchester connect". manchesterinklink.com.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-05. Retrieved 2011-05-17.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-20. Retrieved 2011-05-18.
Jump up ^ List of major cities in US lacking Amtrak service - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. En.wikipedia.org. Retrieved on 2013-08-02.
Jump up ^ Transportation, CHA for New Hampshire Department of. "Rebuilding I93: Salem to Manchester (NHDOT) — Frequently Asked Questions (F.A.Q.)".
Jump up ^ "Rail plan" (PDF). nh.gov.
Jump up ^ Livable: Dean Kamen proposes downtown rail loop. LivableMHT (2012-01-17). Retrieved on 2013-08-02.
Jump up ^ Site, City of Manchester NH Official Web. "Fire Department".
Jump up ^ "Organization Chart" (PDF). manchesternh.gov.
Jump up ^ Site, City of Manchester NH Official Web. "Fire Roster".
Jump up ^ Site, City of Manchester NH Official Web. "Fire Stations".
Jump up ^ Site, City of Manchester NH Official Web. "Department Apparatus".
Further reading[edit]
See also: Bibliography of the history of Manchester, New Hampshire
Manchester: A Brief record of its Past and a Picture of its Present
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Manchester, New Hampshire.
Official website
Manchester (New Hampshire) travel guide from Wikivoyage
Manchester Historic Association
"Manchester, the largest city of New Hampshire, U.S.A.". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
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text:
Female genital mutilation in the United Kingdom
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Alimatu Dimonekene, FGM prevention caseworker in Newham, London, speaking at Girl Summit 2014
Female genital mutilation in the United Kingdom is the ritual removal of some or all of the external female genitalia of women and girls living in the UK. According to Equality Now and City University London, an estimated 103,000 women and girls aged 15–49 were thought to be living with female genital mutilation (FGM) in England and Wales as of 2011.[n 1][2]
FGM was outlawed in the UK by the Prohibition of Female Circumcision Act 1985, which made it an offence to perform FGM on children or adults.[3] The Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003 and the Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation (Scotland) Act 2005 made it an offence to arrange FGM outside the country for British citizens or permanent residents, whether or not it is lawful in the country to which the girl is taken.[n 2][7][8]
To date there have been no convictions. The first prosecutions took place in 2015 against a doctor for performing FGM and another man for aiding and abetting; both were found not guilty.[9]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 2000s–2010s
2.1 Overview
2.2 First prosecutions
2.3 Delays in investigations
3 See also
4 Notes
5 References
History[edit]
Efua Dorkenoo (1949–2014)
The diaspora communities in the UK thought to be at high risk of FGM include those from Eritrea, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Somalia and Sudan. The largest is the Somalia diaspora, with nearly 42,000 women and girls in the UK believed to be affected as of 2011.[10][11] FGM has a high prevalence in several of these countries, including the most severe form, FGM Type III. Girls from communities in which FGM is commonplace are often taken to their countries of origin during the school summer holidays in order to undergo the procedure. This period of the year is known as the "cutting season".[12][13]
In 1983 Efua Dorkenoo, author of Cutting the Rose (1994), founded the Foundation for Women's Health, Research and Development (FORWARD), a British NGO that supports women who have experienced FGM and tries to eliminate the practice.[14][15][16] Dorkenoo received an OBE in 1994 for her work.[17] Two years after she founded FORWARD, the Prohibition of Female Circumcision Act 1985 made it an offence in the UK to perform FGM on children or adults.[11]
In 1993 the London Borough of Brent debated a motion that FGM should be legalized and made available on the National Health Service. The motion called for it to be classed as a "right specifically for African families who want to carry on their tradition whilst living in this country". Ann Brent, a councillor who opposed the motion, said she suffered verbal attacks, including threats that she herself would be mutilated; interviewed in 2014, she said she believed her treatment had deterred people for years from opposing FGM in case they were accused of racism. The motion was defeated, but not before the World Health Organization, UNICEF and author Alice Walker urged councillors to oppose it.[18][19]
In 1997 specialist midwife Comfort Momoh set up the African Well Women's Clinic in London to help women affected by FGM.[20] Momoh was awarded an MBE in 2008 for services to women's healthcare.[21]
2000s–2010s[edit]
The number of women aged 15-49 resident in England and Wales born in FGM practising regions having migrated to the UK was 7005182000000000000♠182000 in 2001 and increased to 7005283000000000000♠283000 in 2011.[22] The number of women born in the Horn of Africa, where FGM is nearly universal and the most severe types of FGM, infubulation, is commonly practised, increased from 7004220000000000000♠22000 in 2001 to 7004560000000000000♠56000 in 2011, an increase of 7004340000000000000♠34000.[22] The number of women of all ages having undergone FGM rituals was estimated to be 7005137000000000000♠137000 in 2011.[22] The number of women of ages 15-49 having undergone FGM rituals was estimated to 7004660000000000000♠66000 in 2001 and there was an increase to 7005103000000000000♠103000 in 2011.[22]
Overview[edit]
Prevalence among the 15–49 age group in the 29 countries in which FGM is thought to be most prevalent (UNICEF, November 2014)[23]
In 2007 the FGM National Clinical Group was created to train health professionals in how to deal with the practice.[24] Concern about FGM in the UK increased significantly in the mid-2010s. In November 2013 a coalition of Royal Colleges, trade unions and Equality Now produced a report, "Tackling FGM in the UK."[25]
Britain's first specialist clinic for child victims of FGM opened in London in 2014.[26] Since April that year all NHS hospitals have recorded whether a patient has undergone FGM or has a family history of it, and all acute hospitals are obliged to report this data to the Department of Health on a monthly basis.[27] According to the first official figures published on the numbers of FGM cases seen by hospitals in England, over 1,700 women and girls who have undergone FGM were treated by the NHS between April and October 2014.[28]
A 17-year-old student from Bristol, Fahma Mohamed, created with support from The Guardian an online petition on 6 February 2014 with Change.org, on the International Day of Zero Tolerance to Female Genital Mutilation.[29] The petition asked Michael Gove, then education secretary, to write to primary and secondary schools, encouraging them to be alert to FGM. The petition was one of the fastest growing UK petitions on Change.org, with 230,000 supporters. Gove met Mohamed and members of the youth group Integrate Bristol, who have played a key role in raising awareness of FGM. He sent a letter to all headteachers in England informing them of new guidelines on children's safety, including guidance on FGM. This marked the first time the guidelines included mention of FGM.[30][30][31]
The city with the highest prevalence of FGM in 2015 was London, at a rate of 28.2 per 1000 women aged 15-49, by far the highest.[32] The borough with the highest rate was Southwark, at 57.5 per 1000 women, while mainly rural areas of the UK had prevalence rate below 1 per 1000.[32]
In 2015 police acquired the UK’s first FGM protection order.[33] This was acquired under a new law, the Serious Crime Act 2015, which allows such protection orders.[33] It also allows the combating of FGM by judges remanding people in custody, ordering mandatory medical checks, and instructing girls believed to be at risk of FGM to live at a certain address so authorities can see whether they have been mutilated.[33]
On September 12, 2016, Nottingham became the first City of Zero Tolerance towards FGM.[34]
In the April 2016 - March 2017 period the NHS attended 9 179 cases.[35][36] Only 26% of the victims reported the country in which the crime took place, but of those who did 1 229 cases took place in Africa and 57 were perpetrated in the UK.[35] No prosecutions were brought.
First prosecutions[edit]
As of 2015 there have been no convictions in the UK for performing or arranging FGM. By contrast, in France over 100 parents and two practitioners had been prosecuted by 2014 in over 40 criminal cases.[37][38] The United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women expressed concern in July 2013 that there had been no FGM-related convictions in the UK. The committee asked the government to "ensure the full implementation of its legislation on FGM."[39]
The first charges were announced in March 2014 against Dhanuson Dharmasena, a doctor, for having performed FGM on a woman from Somalia who had just given birth at the Whittington Hospital in north London. Another man was charged with aiding and abetting in the same case.[40] During the trial in January 2015 Dharmasena said he had performed a single figure-of-eight stitch to stem bleeding following the birth. Both men were found not guilty on 4 February 2015.[9]
A doctor in Birmingham, Ali Mao-Aweys, was struck off the medical register in 2014 after discussing how to arrange FGM with an undercover journalist in 2012.[41]
Delays in investigations[edit]
In September 2017, it was reported that some children had spent months on protection plans or in foster care whilst they waited to be examined to determine whether they had been victims of FGM, with those examinations demonstrating that the suspicions were false. Research by University College Hospital in 2016 found the waiting time to be almost two months, with some girls having to wait more than a year. The hospital confirmed that this remained an issue as of September 2017[update]. Anti-FGM charity Forward argued that the handling of cases was leaving some girls and their families traumatised. The BBC reported that "some doctors have told the BBC that they do not believe that FGM is taking place on the scale politicians have suggested".[42]
See also[edit]
Prevalence of female genital mutilation by country
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Alison Macfarlane and Efua Dorkenoo: "An estimated 103,000 women aged 15–49 with FGM born in countries in which it is practised were living in England and Wales in 2011, compared with the estimated 66,000 in 2001. In addition there were an estimated 24,000 women aged 50 and over with FGM born in FGM practising countries and nearly 10,000 girls aged 0-14 born in FGM practising countries who have undergone or are likely to undergo FGM. Combining the figures for the three age groups, an estimated 137,000 women and girls with FGM, born in countries where FGM is practised, were permanently resident in England and Wales in 2011.[1]
Jump up ^ Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003: "A person is guilty of an offence if he excises, infibulates or otherwise mutilates the whole or any part of a girl's labia majora, labia minora or clitoris," unless "necessary for her physical or mental health." Although the legislation refers to girls, it applies to women too.[4][5][6]
A book with specific reference to the UK as well as global aspects of FGM practice, legislation, policy etc. is Burrage, H. Eradicating Female Genital Mutilation (Ashgate / Routledge, 2015)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Alison Macfarlane and Efua Dorkenoo, "Female Genital Mutilation in England and Wales", City University of London and Equality Now, 21 July 2014, p. 3.
Jump up ^ "Female genital mutilation: the case for a national plan", House of Commons Home Affairs Committee, Second Report of Session 2014–15.
Also see "Female Genital Mutilation: Report of a Research Methodological Workshop on Estimating the Prevalence of FGM in England and Wales", Equality Now, 22–23 March 2012.
For an earlier report, Efua Dorkenoo, Linda Morison, Alison Macfarlane, "A Statistical Study to Estimate the Prevalence of Female Genital Mutilation in England and Wales" Archived 2013-07-26 at the Wayback Machine., FORWARD, October 2007.
Richard Kerbaj, "Thousands of girls mutilated in Britain",The Times, 16 March 2009 (courtesy link).
Jump up ^ "Prohibition of Female Circumcision Act 1985".
Jump up ^ "Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003", legislation.gov.uk, and "Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003" (legal guidance), Crown Prosecution Service: "The Act refers to 'girls', though it also applies to women."
Jump up ^ "Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003".
Jump up ^ "Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation (Scotland) Act 2005", legislation.gov.uk
Jump up ^ Notes on some overseas countries' laws, FGM Education and Networking Project.
Jump up ^ Tracy McVeigh, Tara Sutton, "British girls undergo horror of genital mutilation despite tough laws", The Guardian, 25 July 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Sandra Laville (4 February 2015). "Doctor found not guilty of FGM on patient at London hospital". The Guardian.
Jump up ^ Alison Macfarlane and Efua Dorkenoo, Mcfarlane and Dorkenoo 2014 p. 14.
^ Jump up to: a b J. A. Black, G. D. Debelle, "Female genital mutilation in Britain", British Medical Journal, 310, 17 June 1995. PMID 7787654
Jump up ^ Blume, Rocco (25 July 2014). "'Cutting season' heightens threat for girls at risk of FGM". Plan UK. Retrieved 22 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Topping, Alexandra (6 February 2014). "Young British-Somali women fight FGM with rhyme and reason". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Efua Dorkenoo". Equality Now. Archived from the original on 2015-03-04. Retrieved 2015-03-06.
Jump up ^ "FORWARD: Who we are, our vision, our mission - FORWARD". Forwarduk.org.uk. Retrieved 2015-03-06.
Jump up ^ Efua Dorkenoo, Cutting the Rose: Female Genital Mutilation, the Practice and its Prevention, London: Minority Rights Group, 1994.
Jump up ^ Douglas Martin, "Efua Dorkenoo Dies at 65; Key Foe of Genital Cutting in Africa, Middle East", The New York Times, 27 October 2014.
Jump up ^ Anna Davis (28 March 2014). "Ann John: I was branded a colonialist for fighting against 'barbaric' FGM". London Evening Standard.
Jump up ^ Annette Scambler, "Gender, health and postmodernism," in Paul Higgs, Graham Scambler (eds.), Modernity, Medicine and Health, Routledge, 2005, p. 119, citing A. Boulton, "Calls for female circumcision on the NHS sparks storm," The Observer, 14 February 1993.
Jump up ^ Jess Frampton, "From taboo to talking point – an eye-opening insight into Female Genital Mutilation", UN Women, 18 June 2013.
Jump up ^ Suzi Dixon, "Health and beauty: New Year Honours", The Daily Telegraph, 31 December 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Alison MacFarlane; et al. (July 2015). Prevalence of Female Genital Mutilation in England and Wales: National and local estimates (PDF). London: City University London. p. 5. ISBN 9781900804936. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 January 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2018. CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
Jump up ^ The State of the World's Children 2015: Executive Summary, New York: UNICEF, November 2014, Table 9, pp. 84–89.
Jump up ^ "About us", FGM National Clinical Group.
Jump up ^ "Tackling FGM in the UK", The Royal College of Midwives.
Jump up ^ "TRF-UK opens first clinic for child victims of female genital mutilation". Sf.reuters.com. 22 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "Female genital mutilation: Hospitals to log victims". BBC News. 6 February 2014.
Jump up ^ Alexandra Topping (16 October 2014). "FGM: more than 1,700 women and girls treated by NHS since April". The Guardian.
Jump up ^ Topping, Alexandra (28 February 2014). "Fahma Mohamed: the shy campaigner who fought for FGM education". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Alexandra Topping (11 April 2014). "Michael Gove writes to every school in England about dangers of FGM". The Guardian.
Jump up ^ "International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation". United Nations.
^ Jump up to: a b Alison MacFarlane; et al. (July 2015). Prevalence of Female Genital Mutilation in England and Wales: National and local estimates (PDF). London: City University London. p. 21. ISBN 9781900804936. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 January 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2018. CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
^ Jump up to: a b c Kevin Rawlinson (1970-01-01). "Police obtain first FGM protection order | Society". The Guardian. Retrieved 2015-07-18.
Jump up ^ https://blogs.nottingham.ac.uk/nipd/2016/09/12/sheriff-nottingham-take-zero-tolerance-stance-female-genital-mutilation/
^ Jump up to: a b Davis, Nicola (2017-07-04). "NHS attended to 9,000 FGM cases in England last year, report reveals". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
Jump up ^ "Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) Annual Report 2016/17 [PAS]". digital.nhs.uk. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
Jump up ^ Renée Kool and Sohail Wahedi, "Criminal Enforcement in the Area of Female Genital Mutilation in France, England and the Netherlands: A Comparative Law Perspective", International Law Research, 3(1), 2014, pp. 3–5. doi:10.5539/ilr.v3n1p1
Jump up ^ Megan Rowling "France reduces genital cutting with prevention, prosecutions – lawyer", Thomson Reuters Foundation, 27 September 2012.
Jump up ^ "Concluding observations on the seventh periodic report of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine., United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, 26 July 2013, p. 6, paras 36, 37.
Jump up ^ "FGM: UK's first female genital mutilation prosecutions announced", BBC News, 21 March 2014.
Jump up ^ "'Genital mutilation' doctor struck off after undercover press sting", BBC News, 30 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Kirkland, Faye (5 September 2017). "Families left devastated by false claims of FGM in girls". BBC News. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
[hide]
v
t
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Female genital mutilation
Issues
Clitoridectomy
Dysmenorrhea
Dyspareunia
Gishiri cutting
Husband stitch
Infibulation
Keloid scars
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Rectovaginal fistula
Vesicovaginal fistula
By country and religion
Prevalence by country
Colonial Kenya
Kurdistan
New Zealand
Nigeria
Sierra Leone
United Kingdom
United States
Religious views on FGM
People
Ayaan Hirsi Ali
Waris Dirie
Efua Dorkenoo
Fran Hosken
Edna Adan Ismail
Gerry Mackie
Molly Melching
Layli Miller-Muro
Comfort Momoh
Nawal El Saadawi
Marion Scott Stevenson
Hulda Stumpf
Nahid Toubia
Alice Walker
Opposition
Equality Now
FORWARD
IAC
RAINBO
Tostan
Tahirih Justice Center
Zero Tolerance Day
Media
My Body My Rules (2015)
Desert Flower (1998, book)
Desert Flower (2009, film)
Moolaadé (2004)
Possessing the Secret of Joy (1992)
Woman at Point Zero (1975)
Legislation
Matter of Kasinga
Prohibition of Female Circumcision Act 1985
Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003
2005 (Scotland) Act
Categories
Female genital mutilation
Activists against female genital mutilation
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