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R. C. Hutchinson
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Ray Coryton Hutchinson (23 January 1907 – 3 July 1975) was a best-selling British novelist. His 1975 novel Rising was short-listed for the Booker Prize.
He was born in Finchley, Middlesex and educated at Monkton Combe School, near Bath. He received his BA at Oriel College, Oxford in 1927 and joined the advertising department at Colman's in Norwich. He married Margaret Owen Jones in April 1929.
His first novel, Thou Hast a Devil, was published in 1930. It was followed by The Answering Glory (1932), and The Unforgotten Prisoner (1933), which sold 150,000 copies in the first month. Subsequent novels also sold very well and in 1935 he left Colman's to begin writing full-time.
In March 1940 he joined the army, and in July was posted as captain in the 8th Battalion of the Buffs Regiment. He travelled widely during the war, while continuing to write. In October 1945, after preparing the official history of the Paiforce campaign, he was demobilised with the rank of Major.
After the war he wrote many more successful novels, often recommended by book clubs. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in June 1962.
He died before completing the last chapter of his novel, Rising (1975). It was published in September of the same year and short-listed for the Booker Prize in November.
His published work comprises 17 novels and 28 short stories, as well as one play, Last Train South (1938).
Novels[edit]
Thou Hast a Devil (1930)
The Caravan of Culture (1930, unpublished)
The Answering Glory (1932)
The Unforgotten Prisoner (1933)
One Light Burning (1935)
Shining Scabbard (1936)
Testament (1938)
The Fire and the Wood (1940)
Interim (1945)
Elephant and Castle (1949)
Recollection of a Journey (1952)
US title: Journey with Strangers
The Stepmother (1955)
March the Ninth (1957)
Image of My Father (1961)
US title: The Inheritor
A Child Possessed (1964)
Winner of the W. H. Smith Literary Award in 1966
Johanna at Daybreak (1969)
Origins of Cathleen (1971)
Rising (1975)
References[edit]
R. C. Hutchinson. The Quixotes: Collected Stories. Edited by Robert Green. Carcanet Press, Manchester, 1984.
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VIAF: 3380440
LCCN: n50030342
ISNI: 0000 0001 2019 9692
GND: 123462916
SUDOC: 167662147
BNF: cb126498778 (data)
BIBSYS: 90187469
SNAC: w64q92mm

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Member states of the League of Nations
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Between 1920 and 1939, a total of 63 countries became member states of the League of Nations. The Covenant forming the League of Nations was included in the Treaty of Versailles and came into force on 10 January 1920. The League of Nations was dissolved on 18 April 1946, when its assets and responsibilities were transferred to the United Nations.
The League’s greatest extent was from 28 September 1934 (when Ecuador joined) to 23 February 1935 (when Paraguay withdrew) with 58 members. At this time, only Costa Rica (22 January 1925), Brazil (14 June 1926), the Empire of Japan (27 March 1933) and Germany (19 September 1933) had withdrawn and only Egypt was left to join (on 26 May 1937). The members (listed from earliest joining and alphabetically if they joined on the same day) at this time were Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, the British Empire, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, El Salvador, France, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, India, Irish Free State, Ethiopia, Italy, Liberia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Persia/Iran, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Siam, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the Union of South Africa, Uruguay, Yugoslavia, Venezuela, Austria, Bulgaria, Finland, Luxembourg, Albania, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Ireland, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, Turkey, Iraq, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Afghanistan, British Raj, Syria and Ecuador.
Of the 42 founding members, 23 (or 24, counting Free France) remained members until the League of Nations was dissolved in 1946. A further 21 countries joined between 1920 and 1937, but 7 left, withdrew or were expelled before 1946.
Countries are listed under the year in which they joined. The word "withdrew" indicates that a country left of its own choice. The word "left" indicates a country that ceased to exist because of annexation by Germany, Italy or the USSR. The USSR was the only country to be expelled by the League (in 1939, following its invasion of Finland).
Despite formulating the concept and signing the Covenant, the United States never joined the League of Nations.
Contents
[hide]
1 Map
2 10 January 1920: founding members
3 1920
4 1921
5 1922
6 1923
7 1924
8 1926
9 1931
10 1932
11 1934
12 1937
13 See also
14 Notes
15 External links
Map[edit]
A map of the world in the years 1920-1945, which shows the League of Nations members during its history.
Members
≈
Colonies of members
Mandates
Non-members
Colonies of non-members
10 January 1920: founding members[edit]
Argentina (withdrew 1921 on rejection of an Argentine resolution that all sovereign states would be admitted to the League.[1] It resumed full membership 26 September 1933[2])
Belgium
Bolivia
Brazil (withdrew 14 June 1926)
British Empire separate membership for:[3]
United Kingdom
Australia
Canada
India
New Zealand
South Africa
Chile (withdrew 14 May 1938)
Republic of China
Colombia
Cuba
Czechoslovakia (15 March 1939 occupied by Germany)[4]
Denmark[5]
El Salvador (withdrew 11 August 1937)
France (Vichy France withdrew 18 April 1941; withdrawal not recognised by Free French forces)
Greece
Guatemala (withdrew 26 May 1936)
Haiti (withdrew April 1942)
Honduras (withdrew 10 July 1936)
Kingdom of Italy (withdrew 11 December 1937)
Empire of Japan (withdrew 27 March 1933)
Liberia
Netherlands
Nicaragua (withdrew 27 June 1936)
Norway
Panama
Paraguay (withdrew 23 February 1935)
Persia (known as Iran from 1934)
Peru (withdrew 8 April 1939)
Poland
Portugal
Romania (withdrew July 1940)
Siam (known as Thailand from 1939)
Spain (withdrew May 1939)
Sweden
Switzerland
Uruguay
Venezuela (withdrew 12 July 1938)
Kingdom of Yugoslavia (known as Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes until 1929)[6]
1920[edit]
Austria (joined 15 December 1920; occupied and annexed by Nazi Germany 13 March 1938)
Bulgaria (joined 16 December 1920)
Costa Rica (joined 16 December 1920; withdrew 22 January 1925)
Finland (joined 16 December 1920)[7]
Luxembourg (joined 16 December 1920)[8]
Albania (joined 17 December 1920)[9]
1921[edit]
Estonia (joined 22 September 1921, occupied and annexed by the USSR in 1940)
Latvia (joined 22 September 1921, occupied and annexed by the USSR in 1940)
Lithuania (joined 22 September 1921, occupied and annexed by the USSR in 1940)
1922[edit]
Kingdom of Hungary (joined 18 September 1922; withdrew 11 April 1939)
1923[edit]
Irish Free State (joined 10 September 1923, known as Ireland from 1937)
Abyssinia (joined 28 September 1923)
1924[edit]
Dominican Republic (joined 28 September 1924)
1926[edit]
Germany (joined 8 September 1926; withdrew 19 October 1933)
1931[edit]
Mexico (joined 9 September 1931, and is declared member 12 September 1931)[10]
1932[edit]
Turkey (joined 18 July 1932)
Kingdom of Iraq (joined 3 October 1932)
1934[edit]
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (joined 18 September 1934; expelled 14 December 1939)
Kingdom of Afghanistan (joined 27 September 1934)
Ecuador (joined 28 September 1934)
1937[edit]
Kingdom of Egypt (joined 26 May 1937)
See also[edit]
United Nations portal
Member states of the United Nations
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ South America Archived 10 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine., Encyclopedia of World History
Jump up ^ League of Nations chronology, United Nations
Jump up ^ Members of the 1st Assembly, League of Nations, Geneva, November 15 to December 18, 1920.
Jump up ^ Czechoslovakia never formally left the League and was present at the last meeting of the Assembly in 1946
Jump up ^ Left upon German takeover in 1943[citation needed]
Jump up ^ Occupied by Axis Powers 1941-1945
Jump up ^ Withdrew from active participation in the League after its defeat by the Soviet Union in 1944.
Jump up ^ Forced to withdraw by German occupation in May 1940 and incorporation into the German Reich.
Jump up ^ Forced to withdraw by Italian invasion of 1939.
Jump up ^ Toledo-García, Itzel; University of Essex, UK: ‘’"La cuestión de la dignidad nacional en el ingreso de México a la Sociedad de Naciones, 1919-1931"’’ [1] Retrieved September 4, 2016. (Translated from Spanish: "On September 7th, 1931, the British Empire, Germany, Northern Ireland, Spain, France, Italy and Japan began the initiative; next day the proposal was adopted unanimously by the assembly, and the invitation was sent to the government of Mexico. The 10th of September the acceptance was communicated in Geneva… Two days later, Mexico was declared member of the League of Nations.")
External links[edit]
Map of League of Nations members
worldstatesmen.org
List of States Members of the League of Nations on 31.XII.1944 from the League of Nations Statistical Yearbook (1942-44)
[hide]
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Paris Peace Conference, 1919
League of Nations
Covenant of the League of Nations
Members
Organisation
Minority Treaties
Little Treaty of Versailles
Mandates
Treaty of Versailles
War guilt
Reparations
Role in the Weimar Republic's hyperinflation
Dawes Plan
Young Plan
Lausanne Conference
Locarno
Stresa Front
Possible cause of the Second World War
International Opium Convention
Subsequent treaties
Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine
Treaty of Trianon
Treaty of Sèvres
Partition of the Ottoman Empire
Conference of London (1920)
San Remo conference
Turkish National Movement
Turkish War of Independence
Treaty of Lausanne
Other
American Commission to Negotiate Peace
Commission of Responsibilities
The Inquiry
Related
A Peace Conference at the Quai d'Orsay
The Signing of Peace in the Hall of Mirrors
To the Unknown British Soldier in France
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This page was last edited on 15 December 2017, at 06:17.
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