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Midsomer Murders
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Midsomer Murders
Genre
Crime drama, mystery fiction
Based on
Chief Inspector Barnaby
by Caroline Graham
Directed by
Luke Watson
Andy Hay
Renny Rye
Nick Laughland
Simon Langton
Alex Pillai
Vivaan Salvi
Peter Smith
Sarah Hellings
Jeremy Silberston
Richard Holthouse
Starring
John Nettles
Daniel Casey
Barry Jackson
Jane Wymark
Laura Howard
Toby Jones
John Hopkins
Jason Hughes
Kirsty Dillon
Neil Dudgeon
Fiona Dolman
Tamzin Malleson
Gwilym Lee
Manjinder Virk
Nick Hendrix
Annette Badland
Composer(s)
Jim Parker
Country of origin
United Kingdom
Original language(s)
English
No. of series
20
No. of episodes
116 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Brian True-May (1–89)
Jo Wright (90–115)
Jonathan Fisher (116–)
Michele Buck (116–)
Producer(s)
Betty Willingale
Cinematography
Colin Munn
Graham Frake
Editor(s)
Derek Bain
Running time
89–102 minutes
Production company(s)
Bentley Productions
Distributor
All3Media
Release
Original network
ITV
Picture format
16 mm film:
576i 4:3 (SDTV)
(1997–2004)
Super 16 mm film:
576i 16:9 (SDTV)
(2004–09)
High Definition Digital:
1080i 16:9 (HDTV)
(2009–present)
Audio format
Stereo
(1997–2004)
Dolby Digital 5.1
(2004–present)
Original release
23 March 1997 – present
External links
Website
Midsomer Murders is a British television detective drama[1] that has aired on ITV since 1997. The show is based on Caroline Graham's Chief Inspector Barnaby book series, as originally adapted by Anthony Horowitz. The current lead character is DCI John Barnaby (Neil Dudgeon), who works for Causton CID. Dudgeon's character is the younger cousin of former lead character DCI Tom Barnaby (John Nettles). Dudgeon first appeared as randy gardener Daniel Bolt in the Series 4 episode "Garden of Death". Dudgeon permanently joined the show in 2011 following Nettles' departure.
Contents
[hide]
1 Summary
2 Production
3 Setting
3.1 Filming locations
4 Characters
5 Episodes
6 List of fictional villages in Midsomer
7 Controversy
8 Broadcast
9 Soundtracks
9.1 Midsomer Murders
9.2 The Best of Midsomer Murders
9.3 The Music of Midsomer Murders
10 DVD releases
11 Books
12 References
13 External links
Summary[edit]
The stories are set in modern-day England and revolve around Tom Barnaby's (later, John Barnaby's) efforts to solve numerous murders that take place in the idyllic, picturesque but deadly villages of the fictional county of Midsomer. The Barnabys have worked with several different sergeants throughout the run of the show: Detective Sergeant (DS) Gavin Troy (Daniel Casey), DS Dan Scott (John Hopkins), DS Ben Jones (Jason Hughes), DS Charlie Nelson (Gwilym Lee) and currently DS Jamie Winter (Nick Hendrix).
Production[edit]
Filming of Midsomer Murders began in Autumn 1996, with the first episode ("The Killings at Badger's Drift") broadcast in the United Kingdom on 23 March 1997. The feature-length drama attracts many well-known accomplished actors from the stage and screen in guest-starring roles.
Anthony Horowitz and the original producers, Betty Willingale and Brian True-May, created the series. Horowitz adapted the majority of the early episodes from the original works by Caroline Graham. Current writers include Paul Logue, Chris Murray, Lisa Holdsworth, Rachel Cuperman and Sally Griffiths. Actor John Nettles retired at the end of 2010, after the 13th series of eight episodes; his last episode was "Fit for Murder". Neil Dudgeon replaced him in the 14th series, playing Tom Barnaby's cousin, DCI John Barnaby,[2] who is first seen in the episode "The Sword of Guillaume".
It was announced on 7 April 2017 that the show will return to ITV for a 20th series, consisting of six episodes, with Annette Badland as new pathologist, Dr Fleur Perkins. [3]
Setting[edit]
Midsomer is an English fictional county. The county town is Causton, a middle-sized town where Detective Chief Inspector Barnaby lives with his wife, and where the Criminal Investigation Department is located. Much of the popularity of the series arises from the incongruity of sudden violence in a picturesque and peaceful rural setting. Individual episodes focus on institutions, rituals, and customs popularly seen as being characteristic of rural English counties. Various clues in several episodes hint that Midsomer might actually cover the areas of Berkshire and part of northern Hampshire.
Many of the villages and small towns of the county have the word "Midsomer" in their name; this is inspired in part by the real county of Somerset, and specifically the town of Midsomer Norton, and became a naming convention within the show. When Mrs Barnaby proposed they move out of Causton and suggested various villages, her husband countered with recollections of particularly grisly murders that occurred in each community. Likewise, when DS Dan Scott asked if the body count was, "always this high around here, sir?"; Barnaby replied, "It has been remarked upon."[citation needed]
Humour is a main feature of the series. There is often dark comedy, such as a woman being murdered with a wheel of cheese,[4] and many scenes are examples of "dramedy" (comic drama or dramatic comedy); according to RadioTimes when describing the episode Death and the Divas (series 15, episode 4): 'Midsomer Murders never takes itself too seriously but here it’s got its tongue so far into its cheek, it hurts.' [5]
Filming locations[edit]
Causton is represented by the Town of Wallingford in Oxfordshire.[6][7] Causton police station is represented by the former RAF Staff College, Bracknell.[7] Most episodes have been filmed in villages around Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire counties.[7]
The Six Bells, a pub in Warborough, Oxfordshire,[8] repeatedly features as the Black Swan in the Midsomer village of Badger's Drift.[9]
Filming took place on Sunday 11 August 2013 at White Waltham Airfield, southwest of Maidenhead, England, for episode 4 of Series 16, "The Flying Club".[10]
In the Killings of Copenhagen episode, number five in the sixteenth series—the 100th episode[11] in all—several scenes are filmed at location in central Copenhagen, like Rådhuspladsen ("the City Hall Square"), Nyhavn ("New Port") with its canal and old colourful houses, a Danish countryside church, and at the circular square inside the Copenhagen Police Headquarters building.[12][13] The murder in Copenhagen is one of two within the entire series (until episode 114, at least) where a murder takes place outside the fictive County of Midsomer, the other being in Brighton where Inspector John Barnaby (Neil Dudgeon) is introduced.
Characters[edit]
Main article: List of Midsomer Murders characters
Characters and the seasons where they appeared
Character
Actor
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
DCI Tom Barnaby John Nettles Main
DCI John Barnaby Neil Dudgeon Recurring Main
DS Gavin Troy Daniel Casey Main Guest
DS Daniel Scott John Hopkins Main
DS Benjamin Jones Jason Hughes Main Guest
DS Charlie Nelson Gwilym Lee Main
DS Jamie Winter Nick Hendrix Main
DC Gail Stephens Kirsty Dillon Recurring Main
Dr George Bullard Barry Jackson Main Main Recurring Main
Dr Dan Peterson Toby Jones Recurring Main
Dr Kate Wilding Tamzin Malleson Recurring Main
Dr Kam Karimore Manjinder Virk Main
Joyce Barnaby Jane Wymark Main
Sarah Barnaby Fiona Dolman Main
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of Midsomer Murders episodes
Series
Episodes
Originally aired
First aired
Last aired
Pilot 23 March 1997 (1997-03-23)
1 4 22 March 1998 (1998-03-22) 6 May 1998 (1998-05-06)
2 4 20 January 1999 (1999-01-20) 5 February 2000 (2000-02-05)
3 4 12 September 1999 (1999-09-12) 29 January 2000 (2000-01-29)
4 5 10 September 2000 (2000-09-10) 16 September 2001 (2001-09-16)
5 5 23 September 2001 (2001-09-23) 22 September 2002 (2002-09-22)
6 5 3 January 2003 (2003-01-03) 31 January 2003 (2003-01-31)
7 7 2 November 2003 (2003-11-02) 25 December 2004 (2004-12-25)
8 8 10 October 2004 (2004-10-10) 2 October 2005 (2005-10-02)
9 8 9 October 2005 (2005-10-09) 17 September 2006 (2006-09-17)
10 8 12 November 2006 (2006-11-12) 11 May 2008 (2008-05-11)
11 7 1 January 2008 (2008-01-01) 5 May 2009 (2009-05-05)
12 7 22 July 2009 (2009-07-22) 14 April 2010 (2010-04-14)
13 8 10 February 2010 (2010-02-10) 2 February 2011 (2011-02-02)
14 8 23 March 2011 (2011-03-23) 11 January 2012 (2012-01-11)
15 6 1 February 2012 (2012-02-01) 30 January 2013 (2013-01-30)
16 5 24 December 2013 (2013-12-24) 12 February 2014 (2014-02-12)
17 4 28 January 2015 (2015-01-28) 18 February 2015 (2015-02-18)
18 6 6 January 2016 (2016-01-06) 17 February 2016 (2016-02-17)
19 6 18 December 2016 (2016-12-18) 20 May 2018 (2018-05-20)
20 6 2018 (2018) TBA

The pilot episode of Midsomer Murders was shown on 23 March 1997. As of 20 May 2018, 116 episodes have been broadcast in the UK, comprising 19 series.
List of fictional villages in Midsomer[edit]
Angels Rise
Aspern Tallow
Badger's Drift
Binwell
Bishopwood
Bleakridge
Bow Clayton
Broughton
Burwood Mantle
Calham Cross
Causton (County town)
Cooper Hill
Devington
Dunstan
Elverton-cum-Latterley
Ferne Basset
Finchmere
Fletcher's Cross
Ford Florey
Goodman's Land
Great Auburn
Great Pelfe
Great Worthy
Haddington
Little Auburn
Little Crosby
Little Malton
Little Upton
Little Worthy
Lower Crosby
Lower Pampling
Lower Warden
Luxton Deeping
Malham Bridge
Malham Cross
March Magna
Marsh Wood
Martyr Warren
Midsomer Abbas
Midsomer Barrow
Midsomer Barton
Midsomer Chettham
Midsomer Cicely
Midsomer Deverell
Midsomer Florey
Midsomer Herne
Midsomer Holm
Midsomer Langley
Midsomer Magna
Midsomer Malham
Midsomer Mallow
Midsomer Market
Midsomer-in-the-Marsh
Midsomer Mere
Midsomer Morchard
Midsomer Morton
Midsomer Mow
Midsomer Newton
Midsomer Oaks
Midsomer Parva
Midsomer Pastures
Midsomer Priors
Midsomer Shallows
Midsomer Sonning
Midsomer St. Claire
Midsomer St. Michael
Midsomer Stanton
Midsomer Vertue
Midsomer Vinae
Midsomer Wellow
Midsomer Worthy
Midsomer Wyvern
Milton's Cross
Monks Barton
Morton Fendle
Morton Shallows
Newton Magna
Pandlefoot Bailey
Shotover & Forest hill
Upper Warden
Whitcombe Mallet
Controversy[edit]
In March 2011, the series' producer, Brian True-May, was suspended by All3Media after telling the TV listings magazine Radio Times that the programme did not have any non-white characters, because the series was a "bastion of Englishness." When challenged about the term "Englishness" and whether that would exclude different ethnic minorities, True-May responded: "Well, it should do, and maybe I'm not politically correct." He later went on to say that he wanted to make a programme "that appeals to a certain audience, which seems to succeed." True-May's comments were investigated by the production company.[14] He was reinstated, having apologised "if his remarks gave unintended offence to any viewers," but he has since stepped down as producer.[15][16]
The following series (series 15) saw Asian characters appear on the show in the episodes "The Dark Rider" and "Written in the Stars,"[17] though an Asian character had previously appeared in "Orchis Fatalis". Series 15 also introduced more black characters, although previously they had been seen in background scenes, but had not had many speaking roles except for the Crown Prosecutor in the episode "Last Year's Model" (Series 9, episode 8), who was a black woman, and in the episode "Dance With The Dead", in which two black men were among the dancers at a 1940s-themed party. In episode 3 of series 11 ("Left for Dead"), the character Charlotte/Charlie (played by Indra Ové as the adult version and Jade Gould as the younger version) appeared to be of mixed race.[citation needed]
Broadcast[edit]
Midsomer Murders has been sold to a large number of countries and territories around the world. In 2004, it was among the three most-sold British TV shows worldwide, whether as TV Programming or DVD.[18]
In Australia first-run episodes and repeats are screened on national free-to-air network ABC with repeats also shown on sister station ABC2. The series was originally aired on the Nine Network. Repeat screenings are also aired on the subscription channels UKTV and 13th Street. A measure of the success of the series in Australia is that repeats of the series still rate highly and often feature in the nation's top twenty shows in national surveys.[19][20]
In Canada the series is broadcast on TVOntario and Book Television in Ontario, and on Knowledge in British Columbia, which in 2014 was showing Series 16.
In Ireland, the series is shown by Be3.
In New Zealand the series was broadcast on TVNZ until it's been broadcast for a number of years on the free-to-air channel Prime.
In the United States, the series was aired by A&E for a time and is now syndicated by American Public Television for broadcast on public television stations. As of December 2017[update], episodes through series 19 are available for streaming through Netflix.
Soundtracks[edit]
Composed by Jim Parker, the iconic main theme is a moderate-tempo waltz, performed (primarily though not exclusively) on an unusual electronic musical instrument, the theremin, which has a sound not unlike a low whistle or a human voice. The theremin part was played by Celia Sheen (1940–2011). From the 14th series onwards the soundtrack was altered so that during the closing titles a standardised version of the theme is played on a solo violin in place of the theremin. Occasionally a version with a longer introduction opens the show, using a flute rather than a theremin as the lead instrument.
Three soundtrack CDs have been released so far, containing musical cues from various series. The first two sold out quickly and are now out of print, making them extremely hard to find. The most recent soundtrack is currently being given away to subscribers of the Midsomer Murders DVD/Magazine package in the UK and the Netherlands.
Midsomer Murders[edit]
Midsomer Murders
Soundtrack album by Jim Parker
Released
1998
Genre
Soundtrack
Length
65:15
Label
Oceandeep Soundtracks Ltd
The first soundtrack release contains music from the first two series.
All music composed and conducted by Jim Parker
No.
Title
Length
1. "Midsomer Murders" 2:51
2. "Agnus Dei" 2:05
3. "The Village" 2:05
4. "An Irish Boy" 3:14
5. "Cambridge" 1:58
6. "Funeral Dance" 3:55
7. "Driving Home" 1:49
8. "Haunted Rooms" 2:32
9. "Discovery of a Dead Body" 3:55
10. "The Commune" 2:45
11. "The Alcoholic Fox-trot" 1:41
12. "Sarah's Lament" 1:59
13. "The Madonna's Statue" 2:47
14. "Milking Time" 2:10
15. "Scratching The Paintwork" 2:44
16. "Ancient Rome" 2:47
17. "Looking For Clues" 2:08
18. "Death on Stage" 2:35
19. "Rosa" 2:41
20. "The Village Band" 1:57
21. "Cully's Tune" 1:57
22. "Bunny Cakes" 2:17
23. "Magic Pipes" 1:43
24. "Hunt And Kill" 3:37
25. "Meeting in the Dark" 2:22
26. "The Fairground" 2:03
Total length: 65:15
The Best of Midsomer Murders[edit]
The Best of Midsomer Murders
Soundtrack album by Jim Parker
Released
16 September 2002
Genre
Soundtrack
Length
63:05
Label
Universal Classics
The second soundtrack release contains music from the first five series of Midsomer Murders, featuring both recycled cues from the previous release as well as some new material.
All music was conducted by Jim Parker, except for track 17 conducted by Don Lusher.
All tracks written by Jim Parker.
No.
Title
Length
1. "Midsomer Murders" 2:51
2. "Agnus Dei" 2:05
3. "The Village" 2:05
4. "Isobel" 2:08
5. "Cambridge" 1:58
6. "Libera Me" 2:08
7. "Driving Home" 1:49
8. "Discovery of a Dead Body" 3:55
9. "Hunting" 1:51
10. "The Commune" 2:45
11. "The Alcoholic Fox – trot" 1:41
12. "Sarah's Lament" 1:59
13. "The Madonna's Statue" 2:47
14. "Milking Time" 2:10
15. "Rosa" 2:41
16. "Ancient Rome" 2:47
17. "The Postman" 2:38
18. "Looking For Clues" 2:08
19. "A Roving" 2:01
20. "The Village Band" 1:57
21. "An Irish Boy" 3:14
22. "Cully's Tune" 1:57
23. "Haunted Rooms" 2:32
24. "Bunny Cakes" 2:17
25. "Magic Pipes" 1:43
26. "Meeting in the Dark" 2:22
27. "The Fairground" 2:03
Total length: 63:05
The Music of Midsomer Murders[edit]
The Music of Midsomer Murders
Soundtrack album by Jim Parker
Released
2006
Genre
Soundtrack
Length
43:39
Label
Bentley Productions Ltd
This third release was given away to anyone subscribing to the series' DVD/magazine package, and once again contains a few new cues, while largely recycling old material.
All music was conducted by Jim Parker except for track 14, conducted by Don Lusher.
All tracks written by Jim Parker.
No.
Title
Length
1. "Midsomer Murders" 2:51
2. "Ponies" 2:50
3. "Isobel" 2:08
4. "Seduction, 1953" 2:22
5. "Hunting" 1:51
6. "Discovery of a Dead Body" 3:55
7. "Driving Home" 1:49
8. "The Alcoholic Foxtrot" 1:41
9. "An Irish Boy" 3:14
10. "Cambridge" 1:58
11. "Rosa" 2:41
12. "Milking Time" 2:10
13. "Cully's Tune" 1:55
14. "The Postman" 1:31
15. "A Roving" 2:01
16. "Magic Pipes" 1:44
17. "The Village Band" 1:54
18. "Haunted Rooms" 2:32
19. "The Fairground" 2:03
Total length: 43:39
DVD releases[edit]
All 114 episodes that have been aired so far have been released in the UK (Region 2) including three Christmas specials. The first 18 series and "Part 1" of series 19 of Midsomer Murders have been released in Australia[21] and New Zealand (Region 4). Note that episodes 1 to 100 were originally released as 25 "sets", which are now discontinued, and have been re-released as "series" 1 to 16 in redesigned packages.
In January 2006, Midsomer Murders started a DVD and Magazine Collection, available at newsagents in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and the UK.[citation needed]
Acorn Media UK has released 24 DVD sets of Midsomer Murders in North America as well as several collections, which are:
The Early Cases 10 disc collection of 18 episodes includes the pilot episode and those of series one, two, three, and four (except the last episode), as well as a bonus disc featuring a behind-the-scenes documentary.
Acorn's "Barnaby's Casebook" 10 disc collection has 17 episodes, including the last episode of series four, followed by those of seasons five, six, and seven.
Acorn's "Village Case Files" 8 disc collection includes the 16 episodes of seasons eight, and nine; and a 4 minute bonus clip from season one.
Acorn's "Mayhem & Mystery" 15 disc collection includes the 17 episodes of seasons ten and eleven.
Acorn's "Tom Barnaby's Last Cases" 15 disc collection includes the 17 episodes of seasons twelve and thirteen.
Books[edit]
This article lacks ISBNs for the books listed in it. Please make it easier to conduct research by listing ISBNs. If the {{Cite book}} or {{citation}} templates are in use, you may add ISBNs automatically, or discuss this issue on the talk page. (August 2017)
Graham, Caroline (1987). The Killings at Badger's Drift. ISBN 978-0-917561-41-2.
Graham, Caroline (1989). Death of a Hollow Man. ISBN 0-7126-2911-4.
Graham, Caroline (1993). Death in Disguise. ISBN 0-7472-0608-2.
Graham, Caroline (1994). Written in Blood. ISBN 978-0-7472-4664-0.
Graham, Caroline (1996). Faithful unto Death. ISBN 0-7472-1665-7.
Graham, Caroline (1999). A Place of Safety.
Graham, Caroline (2004). A Ghost in the Machine.
Evans, Jeff (2003). Midsomer Murders: The Making of An English Crime Classic. Batsford. ISBN 9780713487688.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ The Guardian (2 January 2008). "Midsomer shines for ITV". London. Retrieved 9 April 2008.
Jump up ^ "Midsomer Murders – The New Barnaby Joins John Nettles on Exclusive Acorn Media DVD Release". Prlog.org. 9 February 2010. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
Jump up ^ "Midsomer Murders celebrates 20th Anniversary". "ITV Press Centre". Retrieved 2017-08-13.
Jump up ^ "'Midsomer Murders' Schooled in Murder (TV Episode 2013)". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
Jump up ^ Rackham, Jane. "Midsomer Murders". RadioTimes. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Midsomer Murders Locations". Midsomermurders.org. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c Hellicar, Michael (27 June 2008). "Midsomer marriage: Daughter's wedding promises toughest case yet for Detective Barnaby". The Daily Mail. London. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Falconer, Kieran (19 July 2008). "Midsomer Murders: A very English setting". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
Jump up ^ "Midsomer Murders – The Six Bells Warborough". The Six Bells Warborough. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
Jump up ^ "New Midsomer Murders filmed at White Waltham Airfield". Maidenhead Advertiser News. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
Jump up ^ "Midsomer Murders – Episode Guide". www.midsomermurders.org.
Jump up ^ Picture of the round "police square" and some of the episode's main actors at midsomermurders.org.
Jump up ^ Episode 100 itself, cannot determine which church it is.
Jump up ^ Easton, Mark (15 March 2011). "Midsomer Murders producer suspended over race row". bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
Jump up ^ Plunkett, John (23 March 2011). "Midsomer Murders co-creator to step down at end of current series". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Midsomer producer to 'step down' after current series". BBC News. 23 March 2011.
Jump up ^ Singh, Anita (14 September 2012). "Midsomer Murders gets two Asian characters". Telegraph. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
Jump up ^ "Strong DVD Market Boosts UK TV Export Revenues". Culture.gov.uk. May 2005. Archived from the original on 28 March 2009. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (29 December 2013). "Ratings". TV Tonight. TV Tonight. Retrieved 29 December 2013.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (22 December 2013). "Ratings". TV Tonight. TV Tonight. Retrieved 29 December 2013.
Jump up ^ "Midsomer Murders DVD sales". ABC Shop. ABC Online. 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2013.
External links[edit]
Midsomer Murders at itv.com
Midsomer Murders on IMDb
Midsomer Murders at TV.com
"UK Publisher for Midsomer Murders DVDs". Acorn DVD.
hide
v
t
e
Midsomer Murders
Episodes
"Destroying Angel"
"Electric Vendetta"
"Ring Out Your Dead"
"Market For Murder"
"Painted in Blood"
"Dead in the Water"
"Orchis Fatalis"
"Second Sight"
"The Christmas Haunting"
"The Killings of Copenhagen"
Characters
Tom Barnaby
Novels by
Caroline Graham
The Killings at Badger's Drift (1987)
Death of a Hollow Man (1989)
Death in Disguise (1992)
Written in Blood (1994)
Faithful unto Death (1996)
A Place of Safety (1999)
A Ghost in the Machine (2004)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Midsomer_Murders&oldid=842198377"
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The Bachelorette (season 13)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Bachelorette (season 13)
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
12
Release
Original network
ABC
Original release
May 22 – August 7, 2017
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 12
The thirteenth season of The Bachelorette premiered on May 22, 2017.[1] This season featured Rachel Lindsay, a 32-year-old attorney from Dallas, Texas.[2] The season concluded on August 7, 2017.
Lindsay attended the University of Texas at Austin where she graduated with a bachelor's degree in 2007 and Marquette University Law School where she graduated with a Juris Doctor in 2011. Lindsay was the second runner-up on the 21st season of The Bachelor featuring Nick Viall. Lindsay is the first African-American in the lead role on The Bachelor franchise.
Contents
[hide]
1 Contestants
1.1 Future appearances
1.1.1 Bachelor in Paradise
2 Call-out order
3 Episodes
4 References
5 External links
Contestants[edit]
Name
Age
Hometown
Occupation
Outcome
Place
Bryan Abasolo[3][4] 37 Miami, Florida Chiropractor Winner 1
Peter Kraus[5] 31 Madison, Wisconsin Business Owner Runner-Up 2
Eric Bigger[6] 29 Baltimore, Maryland Personal Trainer Week 9 3
Dean Unglert[7][4] 26 Aspen, Colorado Startup Recruiter Week 8 4
Adam Gottschalk[8] 27 Dallas, Texas Real Estate Agent Week 7 5
Matthew "Matt" Munson[9] 32 Meriden, Connecticut Construction Sales Rep 6
Alex Bordyukov[10] 28 Grosse Pointe, Michigan Information Systems Supervisor Week 6 7
Will Gaskins[3] 28 White Plains, New York Sales Manager 8
Kenny Layne[4][11][12] 35 Orlando, Florida Professional Wrestler 9
Anthony Battle[5] 26 Chicago, Illinois Education Software Manager Week 5 10-11
Josiah Graham[3][13] 28 Plantation, Florida Prosecuting Attorney
Lee Garrett[11] 30 Jacksonville, Florida Singer/Songwriter 12
Ignacio "Iggy" Rodriguez[5] 30 Pasadena, California Consulting Firm CEO Week 4 13-14[14]
Jonathan Treece[11][15] 31 New Smyrna Beach, Florida Tickle Monster
Jack Stone[8] 32 Dallas, Texas Attorney 15
Brady Ervin[3] 29 Eden Prairie, Minnesota Male Model Week 3 16-18[16]
Bryce Powers[17] 30 Orlando, Florida Firefighter
Kenneth "Diggy" Moreland[5] 31 Chicago, Illinois Senior Inventory Analyst
Fred Johnson[4][8] 27 Dallas, Texas Executive Assistant 19[18]
Blake Elarbee[19] 31 Marina del Rey, California Aspiring Drummer Week 2 20-22[18]
Jamey Kocan[20] 32 Santa Monica, California Sales Account Executive
Lucas Yancey[20][21] 30 Woodside, California Whaboom
DeMario Jackson[4][22] 30 Century City, California Executive Recruiter 23[23]
Blake Killpack[24] 29 San Francisco, California U.S. Marine Veteran Week 1 24-31[25]
Grant Hubsher 29 Palm Harbor, Florida Emergency Medicine Physician
Jedidiah Ballard[26] 35 Augusta, Georgia ER Physician
Kyle Sherwood[27] 26 Stratford, Connecticut Marketing Consultant
Michael Black[5][28] 26 Chicago, Illinois Former Professional Basketball Player
Milton LaCroix[3] 31 North Bay Village, Florida Hotel Recreation Supervisor
Mohit Sehgal 26 Pacifica, California Product Manager
Robert "Rob" Howard[8][29] 30 Calgary, Canada Law Student
Future appearances[edit]
Bachelor in Paradise[edit]
Season 4
See also: Bachelor in Paradise (season 4) § Misconduct allegations
DeMario Jackson was set to appear in the fourth season of Bachelor in Paradise. When production re-started after the misconduct allegations had halted production, Jackson did not return for filming.[30] After Dean Unglert was eliminated during hometowns, it was announced that he would appear in season 4.[31] Diggy Moreland, Matt Munson, Iggy Rodriguez, Jack Stone, Jonathan Treece, Fred Johnson, Blake Elarbee, and Adam Gottschalk would also appear on season 4. When production restarted, Rodriguez was eliminated in week one. Munson quit in week two. Elarbee and Johnson were eliminated in week three.
Call-out order[edit]
Order
Bachelors
Week
1[25]
2[18]
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
Peter Bryan Dean Alex Dean Bryan Eric Bryan Bryan Bryan Bryan
2
Josiah Peter Peter Anthony Bryan Will Peter Dean Eric Peter Peter
3
Bryan Will Josiah Eric Eric Kenny Bryan Peter Peter Eric
4
Kenny Jack Bryan Will Peter Dean Matt Eric Dean
5
Rob Jamey Bryce Dean Adam Eric Dean Adam
6
Iggy Iggy Eric Jonathan Will Peter Adam Matt
7
Bryce Eric Anthony Peter Matt Alex Alex
8
Will DeMario Will Adam Alex Adam Will
9
Diggy Jonathan Jonathan Bryan Josiah Matt Kenny
10
Kyle Bryce Jack Matt Anthony Anthony
Josiah
11
Blake K. Alex Matt Josiah Kenny
12
Brady Kenny Alex Jack Lee Lee
13
Dean Dean Adam Iggy Iggy
Jonathan
14
Eric Matt Kenny Kenny
15
DeMario Anthony Brady Lee Jack
16
Blake E. Brady Lee Brady
Bryce
Diggy
17
Fred Josiah Iggy
18
Jonathan Lee Fred
19
Lee Diggy Diggy Fred
20
Alex Fred Blake E.
Jamey
Lucas
21
Milton Adam
22
Adam Blake E.
23
Matt Lucas DeMario
24
Grant Blake K.
Grant
Jedidiah
Kyle
Michael
Milton
Mohit
Rob
25
Anthony
26
Jamey
27
Jack
28
Mohit
29
Jedidiah
30
Michael
31
Lucas
The contestant received a first impression rose
The contestant received a rose during a date
The contestant was eliminated
The contestant was eliminated during a date
The contestant was eliminated outside the rose ceremony
The contestant won the competition
Episodes[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)
138
1 "Week 1: Season Premiere" May 22, 2017 (2017-05-22) 1301 5.66[32]
Rachel and her dog, Copper, met up with former Bachelor contestants Raven Gates, Alexis Waters, Kristina Schulman, Astrid Loch, Whitney Fransway, Jasmine Goode, and Corinne Olympios, for advice on being the new Bachelorette. Rachel greeted the 31 men as the limos arrived. Bryan spoke in Spanish, calling himself "trouble," and kissed her during the cocktail party. Bryce wore his firefighter uniform and literally swept Rachel off her feet. Jonathan tickled her. Lee serenaded Rachel with his guitar. Adam brought along his doll, "Adam Jr." Matt wore a penguin costume. Grant pulled up in an ambulance with sirens sounding. Michael brought brownies and said "the blacker the brownie the sweeter the dude." Lucas was boisterous and comedic, showcasing his catchphrase, "Whaboom!" Bryan got the first impression rose. At the rose ceremony, Blake K., Grant, Jedidiah, Kyle, Michael, Milton, Mohit, and Rob were eliminated.
139
2 "Week 2: Malibu" May 29, 2017 (2017-05-29) 1302 5.68[33]
For the first group date, eight men competed in a domestic-themed obstacle course to identify "husband material," hosted by franchise fans Ashton Kutcher and Mila Kunis. Lucas won, and used his time alone with Rachel to read her a poem. Dean received the group-date rose. Peter got the first one-on-one date with Rachel; they flew with Rachel's dog to Palm Springs to attend BarkFest by BarkBox. Rachel gave Peter a rose at dinner, and they kissed during a fireworks display. Ten men attended a group date where they played basketball for Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and an audience of strangers. After the game, a woman named Lexi told Rachel that DeMario was her boyfriend and ghosted her to become a Bachelorette contestant, which would indicate DeMario lied on his application. Rachel asked DeMario to join the conversation; he claimed the relationship with Lexi wasn't serious and that he did break things off, but Rachel decided that DeMario was not being honest and she eliminated him. Rachel gave Josiah the group-date rose. Lucas and Blake E., who were acquainted prior to filming, criticized each other to Rachel during the cocktail party. DeMario arrived and asked to speak with Rachel.
140
3 "Week 3: Los Angeles" June 5, 2017 (2017-06-05) 1303 6.04[34]
Rachel heard DeMario out and instructed him to leave. In the Rose Ceremony, Blake E, Jamey, and Lucas were eliminated. The first group date went to The Ellen DeGeneres Show where they danced shirtless for the audience and played Never Have I Ever. Fred kissed Rachel during the date; she admitted that she still thinks of him as a little boy, and eliminated him. Alex got the first group-date rose. Anthony got the one-on-one date and they went horseback riding in Beverly Hill; she gave him a rose before they kissed and slow danced. Rachel's The Bachelor co-contestants planned the second group date. The guys danced on the stripper pole of a party bus, then had to mud wrestle each other; Bryce defeated Kenny in the final round. Eric got the group-date rose. At the cocktail party, tensions ran high because Bryce and Lee had spoken against Eric to Rachel's friends during the group date.
141
4 "Week 4: South Carolina" June 19, 2017 (2017-06-19) 1304 5.90[35]
Note: This episode's original airing was delayed a week due to the ongoing NBA Finals.
As the cocktail party continues, Lee stirs up more drama with the other contestants. During Rachel and Kenny's one-on-one time, Lee interrupts twice, angering Kenny. Kenny and Lee later get into a loud argument, which Rachel overhears. Rachel becomes frustrated by the drama overshadowing her time with the guys, but continues to the rose ceremony where Brady, Bryce, and Diggy are eliminated. The remaining contestants go to Hilton Head Island, where Dean is selected for a one-on-one date. Rachel and Dean enjoy a picnic and take a ride on a blimp. At dinner, Dean opens up about his family and receives a rose from Rachel. For the group date, Rachel and the contestants go on a booze cruise and the contestants later participate in a spelling bee, with Josiah emerging as the winner. Later that evening, Iggy warns Rachel about Josiah. Lee tells Rachel about the fight with Kenny and she later confronts Kenny about Lee's words. After his time with Rachel, Kenny pulls Lee aside to speak.
142
5 "Week 5: Norway" June 26, 2017 (2017-06-26) 1305 5.39[36]
Kenny and Lee get into another argument and at the end of the group date, Bryan receives the rose. Jack gets a one-on-one date where they go dancing and walk around the city. Rachel does not feel a connection with Jack at dinner and sends him home. During the rose ceremony, Jonathan and Iggy are eliminated and the remaining men travel to Norway. Bryan receives a one-on-one date with Rachel and the two go rappelling down the Olympic Ski Jump in Oslo. At dinner, Bryan receives a rose. The other men are selected to go on a group date, where they play handball. Will impresses Rachel during the game and opens up to her that evening, he receives the group date rose. Lee and Kenny go on a two-on-one date. They take a helicopter ride through the Norwegian forest. Rachel goes back and forth between the two men about their side of the story. Rachel tells Kenny that Lee claimed he threw him out of a van and Kenny confronts Lee after his time with Rachel.
143
6 "Week 6: Denmark" June 27, 2017 (2017-06-27) 1306 4.51[37]
As the two-on-one date continues, Kenny confronts Lee about his lies. Rachel returns and sends Lee home, but does not give the rose to Kenny. Before getting into the helicopter to leave, Kenny goes back to Lee to say his final words. At the end of the night, Rachel and Kenny spend time together and she gives him the rose. At the rose ceremony, Josiah and Anthony are sent home. The remaining group goes to Denmark, where Eric receives a one-on-one date. The two explore the city and go to an amusement park. Eric opens up about his relationship with his mom and receives a rose from Rachel. On the group date, the men row an ancient Viking ship and play Viking games. During the final round of the game, Kenny and Adam face off, where both men get superficial cuts. At the cocktail party after the group date, Kenny misses his daughter and is unsure about continuing on the show. Rachel understands Kenny's dilemma and the two mutually agree for Kenny to return home. Peter receives the group date rose. Will and Rachel go on a one-on-one date touring the city. Rachel is surprised by Will's lack of intimacy and his relationship history, so she sends him home. At the rose ceremony, Alex is sent home.
144
7 "Week 7: Switzerland" July 10, 2017 (2017-07-10) 1307 5.68[38]
The six remaining men travel to Geneva, Switzerland. Rachel reveals there will be three one-on-one dates, one group date, and no rose ceremony. Bryan goes on first one-on-one date with Rachel. The two drive around Geneva, purchase watches, and explore the city. At dinner, they discuss their former relationships and Bryan receives a rose. Dean is selected for the next one-on-one-date. Rachel and Dean attend a church service and walk around the city. Rachel hopes Dean will reveal another side to him, but during the day he remains very goofy and brushes it off, much to Rachel's frustration. Dean finally opens up at dinner about his insecurities about Rachel meeting his family. Rachel appreciates Dean opening up and he receives a rose. Peter goes on the final one-on-one date, where they ride a dog sled in the Alps. Peter discusses his doubts about this experience and at dinner, opens up about his past relationships. Rachel questions if he is ready for marriage and Peter receives a rose at the end of the date. Matt, Adam, and Eric go on the group date in France. During the day, Matt is eliminated. During dinner, Adam and Eric discuss their respective possible hometown dates with Rachel. Eric receives the rose and Adam is eliminated.
145
8 "Week 8: Hometowns" July 17, 2017 (2017-07-17) 1308 6.21[39]
Rachel first visits Eric's hometown of Baltimore. They play basketball and meet his friends and family. Rachel discusses the hardships of being on TV and the first black bachelorette with Eric's family. As Eric has never brought a girl home before, Rachel becomes concerned with his readiness to be married. Rachel then goes to Miami to visit Bryan and his family. He takes her around to small local spots and authentic Spanish bars. When Rachel meets his family, Bryan's mom becomes overprotective about Bryan, intimidating Rachel. The next hometown date is to Wisconsin, to meet Peter and his family. Peter takes Rachel around some local markets and she meets his friends. Later that night, Rachel meets his family and expresses her concern about Peter's interest in marriage to his mother. Rachel then heads to Colorado to meet Dean and his family. Dean hasn't spoken to his father in two years and this is the first time his entire family has been together in a long time. Tensions rise as Dean and his father talk one-on-one, discussing their hardships over his mother's death. At the rose ceremony, Dean is sent home.
146
9 "Week 9: Dallas, Spain" July 24, 2017 (2017-07-24) 1309 6.43[40]
The three remaining guys each get to meet Rachel's family in Dallas. The dates go well, but Rachel's family raises concerns over Bryan's sincerity. Eric, Peter, and Bryan each have a one-on-one date with Rachel in Spain.
147
10 "The Men Tell All" July 31, 2017 (2017-07-31) 1310 5.76[41]
Chris Harrison recaps the drama from Rachel's season. They cover DeMario's girlfriend, Kenny and Lee's fight, and racist tweets from Lee's twitter account. Rachel later joins to the men to discuss sad breakups and fun memories.
148
11 "Week 10: Finale" August 7, 2017 (2017-08-07) 1311 7.57[42]
Rachel eliminates Eric at the rose ceremony. Peter and Rachel have a tearful break-up the night before the final rose. Bryan proposes to Rachel in Rioja, Spain.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Bricker, Tierney (13 February 2017). "It's Official: Rachel Lindsay Announced as Bachelorette on Jimmy Kimmel Live". E!. Retrieved 13 February 2017.
Jump up ^ Strause, Jackie (13 February 2017). "ABC Finally Casts First Black 'Bachelorette'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 13 February 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Diaz, Johnny (May 22, 2017). "ABC's 'The Bachelorette' has five suitors from South Florida". Sun Sentinel. Retrieved May 22, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Bell, Carrie (May 18, 2017). "‘The Bachelorette’: Meet the 5 Men to Watch". Yahoo!. Retrieved May 18, 2017. Fred Johnson archive link May 21, 2017. Dean Unglert archive link June 18, 2017
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Swartz, Tracy (May 17, 2017). "Meet the Chicago-area men competing for Rachel Lindsay's heart on 'The Bachelorette'". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved May 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ohl, Danielle (July 11, 2017). "'The Bachelorette' contestant Eric Bigger opens up about Baltimore upbringing before hometown date". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Venice Man Seeks Love On 'The Bachelorette'". Patch. May 22, 2017. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Psencik, Katey (May 17, 2017). "Four Texans competing to win the heart of Dallas ‘Bachelorette’ Rachel Lindsay". Austin American-Statesman. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Tauss, Leigh (May 23, 2017). "Meriden resident contestant on ‘The Bachelorette’". My Record Journal. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Roskopp, Jack (May 23, 2017). "There's a contestant on The Bachelorette this season from Grosse Pointe Park". Detroit Metro Times. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Thanki, Juli (May 18, 2017). "Nashville man to compete on 'The Bachelorette'". The Tennessean. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Hanstock, Bill (24 March 2017). "Ring Of Honor Wrestler Kenny King Will Be A Contestant On ‘The Bachelorette’". Uproxx. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Trischitta, Linda (April 20, 2017). "Broward County prosecutor competing on ABC TV's 'The Bachelorette'". Sun Sentinel. Retrieved May 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ Draper, Abby (June 27, 2017). "'The Bachelorette' recap: Norwegian snakes". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved June 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kustura, Katie (May 21, 2017). "New Smyrna Beach man a contestant on ‘The Bachelorette’". Daytona Beach News Journal. Retrieved May 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kelley, Seth (June 19, 2017). "‘The Bachelorette’ Recap: Rachel Deals With a Whole Lot of Man Drama". Variety. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Donnelly, Matt (19 May 2017). "‘Bachelorette’ Contestant Slammed for ‘Transphobic’ Comment on ABC Website". The Wrap. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Locker, Melissa (June 5, 2017). "The Bachelorette Recap: Rachel Saddles Up and Rides Out". TIME. Retrieved June 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Marina Del Rey Man Seeks Love On 'The Bachelorette'". Marina Del Ray Patch. May 22, 2017. Retrieved May 22, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "2 Santa Monica Men Seek Love On 'The Bachelorette'". Santa Monica Patch. May 22, 2017. Retrieved May 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Emery, Debby (19 May 2017). "‘Bachelorette’ Contestant Puts the ‘Whaboom’ Into Reality Dating Show’s Limo Arrivals". The Wrap. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Century City Man Seeks Love On 'The Bachelorette'". Westwood Patch. May 22, 2017. Retrieved May 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ McKenzie, Joi-Marie (May 29, 2017). "'The Bachelorette' recap: A tale of two group dates". ABC News. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ Wynter, Dontei (May 6, 2017). "Blake Killpack from “The Bachelorette”: Wiki & Everything You Need to Know". Earn The Necklace. Retrieved June 5, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Highfill, Samantha (May 22, 2017). "The Bachelorette premiere recap: Whaboom Goes the Dynamite". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved May 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Dr. Ballard to appear on The Bachelorette". WRDW. May 18, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Goslowski, Tom (May 23, 2017). "Goz’s Former Roommate Voted Off ABC’s “The Bachelorette”". 104.5 the Team. Retrieved May 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ McGuire, Mark (May 18, 2017). "Ex-UAlbany's Black to appear on 'The Bachelorette'". Daily Gazette. Retrieved May 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Houston law student vies for Bachelorette's heart". ABC 13. May 22, 2017. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Corinne Olympios and DeMario Jackson Will Appear in Bachelor in Paradise This Season: Report". People Magazine. July 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Dean Unglert Confirmed for ‘Bachelor In Paradise’ After Being Sent Home Following Hometown Date". Us Weekly. July 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 23, 2017). "‘The Voice' adjusts up, 'Jane the Virgin' adjusts down: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 31, 2017). "‘Gotham’ adjusts up: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (June 6, 2017). "‘Bachelorette,’ NHL and ‘Gotham’ adjust up: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved June 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (June 20, 2017). "‘Still Star-Crossed’ adjusts down: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (June 27, 2017). "‘Spartan,’ ‘Superhuman,’ several reruns adjust down: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved June 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (June 28, 2017). "‘America’s Got Talent’ adjusts up, ‘World of Dance’ adjusts down: Tuesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved June 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (July 11, 2017). "‘Gong Show’ rerun adjusts down: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (July 18, 2017). "‘American Ninja Warrior,’ ‘Bachelorette’ and others hold: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (July 25, 2017). "‘Somewhere Between’ premiere adjusts down: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (August 1, 2017). "‘To Tell the Truth’ adjusts down: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (August 8, 2017). "‘American Ninja Warrior,’ ‘Bachelorette,’ all others hold: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved August 8, 2017.
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Java class file
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the data format. For classes in Java, see Class (computer programming).
Java class file
Developed by
Sun Microsystems
A Java class file is a file (with the .class filename extension) containing Java bytecode that can be executed on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). A Java class file is usually produced by a Java compiler from Java programming language source files (.java files) containing Java classes (alternatively, other JVM languages can also be used to create class files). If a source file has more than one class, each class is compiled into a separate class file.
JVMs are available for many platforms, and a class file compiled on one platform will execute on a JVM of another platform. This makes Java applications platform-independent.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 File layout and structure
2.1 Sections
2.2 Magic Number
2.3 General layout
2.4 Representation in a C-like programming language
2.5 The constant pool
3 See also
4 References
5 Further reading
History[edit]
On 11 December 2006, the class file format was modified under Java Specification Request (JSR) 202.[1]
File layout and structure[edit]
Sections[edit]
There are 10 basic sections to the Java Class File structure:
Magic Number: 0xCAFEBABE
Version of Class File Format: the minor and major versions of the class file
Constant Pool: Pool of constants for the class
Access Flags: for example whether the class is abstract, static, etc.
This Class: The name of the current class
Super Class: The name of the super class
Interfaces: Any interfaces in the class
Fields: Any fields in the class
Methods: Any methods in the class
Attributes: Any attributes of the class (for example the name of the sourcefile, etc.)
Magic Number[edit]
Class files are identified by the following 4 byte header (in hexadecimal): CA FE BA BE (the first 4 entries in the table below). The history of this magic number was explained by James Gosling referring to a restaurant in Palo Alto:[2]
"We used to go to lunch at a place called St Michael's Alley. According to local legend, in the deep dark past, the Grateful Dead used to perform there before they made it big. It was a pretty funky place that was definitely a Grateful Dead Kinda Place. When Jerry died, they even put up a little Buddhist-esque shrine. When we used to go there, we referred to the place as Cafe Dead. Somewhere along the line it was noticed that this was a HEX number. I was re-vamping some file format code and needed a couple of magic numbers: one for the persistent object file, and one for classes. I used CAFEDEAD for the object file format, and in grepping for 4 character hex words that fit after "CAFE" (it seemed to be a good theme) I hit on BABE and decided to use it. At that time, it didn't seem terribly important or destined to go anywhere but the trash-can of history. So CAFEBABE became the class file format, and CAFEDEAD was the persistent object format. But the persistent object facility went away, and along with it went the use of CAFEDEAD - it was eventually replaced by RMI.
General layout[edit]
Because the class file contains variable-sized items and does not also contain embedded file offsets (or pointers), it is typically parsed sequentially, from the first byte toward the end. At the lowest level the file format is described in terms of a few fundamental data types:
u1: an unsigned 8-bit integer
u2: an unsigned 16-bit integer in big-endian byte order
u4: an unsigned 32-bit integer in big-endian byte order
table: an array of variable-length items of some type. The number of items in the table is identified by a preceding count number, but the size in bytes of the table can only be determined by examining each of its items.
Some of these fundamental types are then re-interpreted as higher-level values (such as strings or floating-point numbers), depending on context. There is no enforcement of word alignment, and so no padding bytes are ever used. The overall layout of the class file is as shown in the following table.
byte offset
size
type or value
description
0 4 bytes u1 =
0xCA hex magic number (CAFEBABE) used to identify file as conforming to the class file format
1 u1 =
0xFE hex
2 u1 =
0xBA hex
3 u1 =
0xBE hex
4 2 bytes u2 minor version number of the class file format being used
5
6 2 bytes u2 major version number of the class file format being used.
Java SE 10 = 54 (0x36 hex),[3]
Java SE 9 = 53 (0x35 hex),[4]
Java SE 8 = 52 (0x34 hex),
Java SE 7 = 51 (0x33 hex),
Java SE 6.0 = 50 (0x32 hex),
Java SE 5.0 = 49 (0x31 hex),
JDK 1.4 = 48 (0x30 hex),
JDK 1.3 = 47 (0x2F hex),
JDK 1.2 = 46 (0x2E hex),
JDK 1.1 = 45 (0x2D hex).
For details of earlier version numbers see footnote 1 at The JavaTM Virtual Machine Specification 2nd edition
7
8 2 bytes u2 constant pool count, number of entries in the following constant pool table. This count is at least one greater than the actual number of entries; see following discussion.
9
10 cpsize (variable) table constant pool table, an array of variable-sized constant pool entries, containing items such as literal numbers, strings, and references to classes or methods. Indexed starting at 1, containing (constant pool count - 1) number of entries in total (see note).
...
...
...
10+cpsize 2 bytes u2 access flags, a bitmask
11+cpsize
12+cpsize 2 bytes u2 identifies this class, index into the constant pool to a "Class"-type entry
13+cpsize
14+cpsize 2 bytes u2 identifies super class, index into the constant pool to a "Class"-type entry
15+cpsize
16+cpsize 2 bytes u2 interface count, number of entries in the following interface table
17+cpsize
18+cpsize isize (variable) table interface table, an array of variable-sized interfaces
...
...
...
18+cpsize+isize 2 bytes u2 field count, number of entries in the following field table
19+cpsize+isize
20+cpsize+isize fsize (variable) table field table, variable length array of fields
...
...
...
20+cpsize+isize+fsize 2 bytes u2 method count, number of entries in the following method table
21+cpsize+isize+fsize
22+cpsize+isize+fsize msize (variable) table method table, variable length array of methods
...
...
...
22+cpsize+isize+fsize+msize 2 bytes u2 attribute count, number of entries in the following attribute table
23+cpsize+isize+fsize+msize
24+cpsize+isize+fsize+msize asize (variable) table attribute table, variable length array of attributes
...
...
...
Representation in a C-like programming language[edit]
Since C doesn't support multiple variable length arrays within a struct, the code below won't compile and only serves as a demonstration.
struct Class_File_Format { u4 magic_number; u2 minor_version; u2 major_version; u2 constant_pool_count; cp_info constant_pool[constant_pool_count - 1]; u2 access_flags; u2 this_class; u2 super_class; u2 interfaces_count; u2 interfaces[interfaces_count]; u2 fields_count; field_info fields[fields_count]; u2 methods_count; method_info methods[methods_count]; u2 attributes_count; attribute_info attributes[attributes_count]; }
The constant pool[edit]
The constant pool table is where most of the literal constant values are stored. This includes values such as numbers of all sorts, strings, identifier names, references to classes and methods, and type descriptors. All indexes, or references, to specific constants in the constant pool table are given by 16-bit (type u2) numbers, where index value 1 refers to the first constant in the table (index value 0 is invalid).
Due to historic choices made during the file format development, the number of constants in the constant pool table is not actually the same as the constant pool count which precedes the table. First, the table is indexed starting at 1 (rather than 0), but the count should actually be interpreted as the maximum index plus one.[5] Additionally, two types of constants (longs and doubles) take up two consecutive slots in the table, although the second such slot is a phantom index that is never directly used.
The type of each item (constant) in the constant pool is identified by an initial byte tag. The number of bytes following this tag and their interpretation are then dependent upon the tag value. The valid constant types and their tag values are:
Tag byte
Additional bytes
Description of constant
1 2+x bytes
(variable) UTF-8 (Unicode) string: a character string prefixed by a 16-bit number (type u2) indicating the number of bytes in the encoded string which immediately follows (which may be different than the number of characters). Note that the encoding used is not actually UTF-8, but involves a slight modification of the Unicode standard encoding form.
3 4 bytes Integer: a signed 32-bit two's complement number in big-endian format
4 4 bytes Float: a 32-bit single-precision IEEE 754 floating-point number
5 8 bytes Long: a signed 64-bit two's complement number in big-endian format (takes two slots in the constant pool table)
6 8 bytes Double: a 64-bit double-precision IEEE 754 floating-point number (takes two slots in the constant pool table)
7 2 bytes Class reference: an index within the constant pool to a UTF-8 string containing the fully qualified class name (in internal format) (big-endian)
8 2 bytes String reference: an index within the constant pool to a UTF-8 string (big-endian too)
9 4 bytes Field reference: two indexes within the constant pool, the first pointing to a Class reference, the second to a Name and Type descriptor. (big-endian)
10 4 bytes Method reference: two indexes within the constant pool, the first pointing to a Class reference, the second to a Name and Type descriptor. (big-endian)
11 4 bytes Interface method reference: two indexes within the constant pool, the first pointing to a Class reference, the second to a Name and Type descriptor. (big-endian)
12 4 bytes Name and type descriptor: two indexes to UTF-8 strings within the constant pool, the first representing a name (identifier) and the second a specially encoded type descriptor.
15 3 bytes Method handle: this structure is used to represent a method handle and consists of one byte of type descriptor, followed by an index within the constant pool.[5]
16 2 bytes Method type: this structure is used to represent a method type, and consists of an index within the constant pool.[5]
18 4 bytes InvokeDynamic: this is used by an invokedynamic instruction to specify a bootstrap method, the dynamic invocation name, the argument and return types of the call, and optionally, a sequence of additional constants called static arguments to the bootstrap method.[5]
There are only two integral constant types, integer and long. Other integral types appearing in the high-level language, such as boolean, byte, and short must be represented as an integer constant.
Class names in Java, when fully qualified, are traditionally dot-separated, such as "java.lang.Object". However within the low-level Class reference constants, an internal form appears which uses slashes instead, such as "java/lang/Object".
The Unicode strings, despite the moniker "UTF-8 string", are not actually encoded according to the Unicode standard, although it is similar. There are two differences (see UTF-8 for a complete discussion). The first is that the codepoint U+0000 is encoded as the two-byte sequence C0 80 (in hex) instead of the standard single-byte encoding 00. The second difference is that supplementary characters (those outside the BMP at U+10000 and above) are encoded using a surrogate-pair construction similar to UTF-16 rather than being directly encoded using UTF-8. In this case each of the two surrogates is encoded separately in UTF-8. For example, U+1D11E is encoded as the 6-byte sequence ED A0 B4 ED B4 9E, rather than the correct 4-byte UTF-8 encoding of F0 9D 84 9E.
See also[edit]
Java portal
Java bytecode
References[edit]
Jump up ^ JSR 202 Java Class File Specification Update
Jump up ^ James Gosling private communication to Bill Bumgarner
Jump up ^ http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/10-relnote-issues-4108729.html#Remaining
Jump up ^ https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8148785
^ Jump up to: a b c d http://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jvms/se7/html/jvms-4.html#jvms-4.4
Further reading[edit]
Tim Lindholm, Frank Yellin (1999). The Java Virtual Machine Specification (Second ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-201-43294-3. Retrieved 2008-10-13. The official defining document of the Java Virtual Machine, which includes the class file format. Both the first and second editions of the book are freely available online for viewing and/or download.
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values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Java_class_file rootpage-Java_class_file skin-vector action-view