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Prayer of Saint Francis
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For a prayer actually written by Saint Francis, see Canticle of the Sun.
"Prayer of Saint Francis"
by unknown author
Original title
Belle prière à faire pendant la Messe
First published in
La Clochette
Country
France
Language
French
Publisher
La Ligue de la Sainte-Messe
(ed. Father Esther Bouquerel)
Publication date
December 1912 (1912-12)
The anonymous text that is usually called the Prayer of Saint Francis (or Peace Prayer, or Simple Prayer for Peace, or Make Me an Instrument of Your Peace) is a widely known Christian prayer for peace. Often associated with the Italian Saint Francis of Assisi (c. 1182 – 1226), but entirely absent from his writings, the prayer in its present form has not been traced back further than 1912.[1] Its first known occurrence was in French, in a small spiritual magazine called La Clochette (The Little Bell), published by a Catholic Church organization in Paris named La Ligue de la Sainte-Messe (The League of the Holy Mass). The author's name was not given, although it may have been the founder of La Ligue, Father Esther Bouquerel. The prayer was heavily publicized during both World War I and World War II.[2] It has been frequently set to music by notable songwriters and quoted by prominent leaders, and its broadly inclusive language has found appeal with diverse faiths encouraging service to others.[1][3][4]
Contents
1 Text
1.1 Franciscan viewpoints
2 Musical settings
2.1 Sebastian Temple (1967)
2.2 Others
3 History
3.1 La Clochette (1912)
3.2 Mistaken attribution (1916) to 11th-century William the Conqueror
3.3 Mistaken attribution (c.1927) to 13th-century Saint Francis
4 Other notable invocations
4.1 By religious leaders
4.2 By political leaders
4.3 By others
5 References
5.1 Sources
6 Further reading
Text[edit]
In most of the published versions of the prayer, the text is abridged, paraphrased, and/or copyrighted. Below is the complete original text from its earliest known publication (1912, in French, copyright expired), alongside a line-by-line English translation.
French original:[5]
Seigneur, faites de moi un instrument de votre paix.
Là où il y a de la haine, que je mette l'amour.
Là où il y a l'offense, que je mette le pardon.
Là où il y a la discorde, que je mette l'union.
Là où il y a l'erreur, que je mette la vérité.
Là où il y a le doute, que je mette la foi.
Là où il y a le désespoir, que je mette l'espérance.
Là où il y a les ténèbres, que je mette votre lumière.
Là où il y a la tristesse, que je mette la joie.
Ô Maître, que je ne cherche pas tant
à être consolé qu'à consoler,
à être compris qu'à comprendre,
à être aimé qu'à aimer,
car c'est en donnant qu'on reçoit,
c'est en s'oubliant qu'on trouve,
c'est en pardonnant qu'on est pardonné,
c'est en mourant qu'on ressuscite à l'éternelle vie.
English translation:
Lord, make me an instrument of your peace.
Where there is hatred, let me bring love.
Where there is offense, let me bring pardon.
Where there is discord, let me bring union.
Where there is error, let me bring truth.
Where there is doubt, let me bring faith.
Where there is despair, let me bring hope.
Where there is darkness, let me bring your light.
Where there is sadness, let me bring joy.
O Master, let me not seek as much
to be consoled as to console,
to be understood as to understand,
to be loved as to love,
for it is in giving that one receives,
it is in self-forgetting that one finds,
it is in pardoning that one is pardoned,
it is in dying that one is raised to eternal life.
Franciscan viewpoints[edit]
The Franciscan Order does not include the prayer in its official "Prayers of St. Francis",[6] and a church historian has noted that the phrasing of the first half of the text ("let me...") is atypically self-oriented for Francis:
The most painful moment usually comes when [students] discover that Saint Francis did not write the "Peace Prayer of Saint Francis"... Noble as its sentiments are, Francis would not have written such a piece, focused as it is on the self, with its constant repetition of the pronouns "I" and "me", the words "God" and "Jesus" never appearing once.[7]
However, the prayer has been recommended by members of the order, while not attributing it to St. Francis.[8]
It has been noted that the second half of the prayer has similarities to this saying of Giles of Assisi (c. 1190 – 1262), one of the saint's close companions:
Blessed is he who loves and does not therefore desire to be loved;
Blessed is he who fears and does not therefore desire to be feared;
Blessed is he who serves and does not therefore desire to be served;
Blessed is he who behaves well toward others and does not desire that others behave well toward him;
And because these are great things, the foolish do not rise to them.[9]
Musical settings[edit]
Sebastian Temple (1967)[edit]
"Prayer of St. Francis" (excerpt)
Composed by Sebastian Temple[10]
Problems playing this file? See media help.
The most-prominent hymn version of the prayer is "Make Me a Channel of Your Peace", or simply "Prayer of St. Francis", adapted and set to a chant-like melody in 1967 by South African songwriter Sebastian Temple (Johann Sebastian von Tempelhoff, 1928–1997), who had become a third order Franciscan. The hymn is an anthem of the Royal British Legion and is usually sung at its annual Festival of Remembrance. In 1997 it was part of the Funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales, and was performed by the Irish singer Sinéad O'Connor on the Princess Diana tribute album.[11][12] The hymn was also sung for the religious wedding ceremony of Prince Albert II of Monaco to South African Charlene Wittstock in 2011.[13]
Others[edit]
Additional settings of the prayer by notable musicians include those by:
Arthur Bliss[14]
Maire Brennan[15]
The Burns Sisters[16]
F.R.C. Clarke[17]
René Clausen[18]
Bing Crosby – recorded November 4, 1954 for the cause of Father Junípero Serra.[19]
Donovan[20]
Dream Theater[21]
John Foley[22]
Marc Jordan[23]
Singh Kaur[24]
Snatam Kaur[25]
Matt Maher[26]
Mary McDonald[27]
Sarah McLachlan[28]
A Ragamuffin Band[29]
John Rutter[30]
John Michael Talbot[31]
History[edit]
Christian Renoux, a history professor at the University of Orléans, published in French in 2001 a book-length study of the prayer and its origins, clearing up much of the confusion that had accumulated previously.[32] The Franciscan journal Frate Francesco and the Vatican newspaper L'Osservatore Romano published articles in Italian summarizing the book's findings,[4][33] and Renoux published an online abstract in English at The Franciscan Archive.[1]
La Clochette (1912)[edit]
The earliest known record of the prayer[34] is its appearance, as a "beautiful prayer to say during Mass", in the December 1912 issue of the small devotional French Catholic publication La Clochette, "the bulletin of the League of the Holy Mass".[5] Although the prayer was published anonymously, Renoux concluded that, with few exceptions, the texts in La Clochette were generally written by its founding editor, Father Esther Bouquerel (1855–1923).[35]
Mistaken attribution (1916) to 11th-century William the Conqueror[edit]
St. Francis on a painted altarpiece by Gerard David (early 1500s)
In 1915, Marquis Stanislas de La Rochethulon (1862–1945), founding president of the Anglo-French association Souvenir Normand (Norman Remembrance), which called itself "a work of peace and justice inspired by the testament of William the Conqueror, who is considered to be the ancestor of all the royal families of Europe", sent this prayer to Pope Benedict XV in the midst of World War I.[1] The Pope had an Italian translation published on the front page of L'Osservatore Romano on 20 January 1916. It appeared under the heading, "The prayers of 'Souvenir Normand' for peace", with a jumbled explanation: "'Souvenir Normand' has sent the Holy Father the text of some prayers for peace. We have pleasure in presenting in particular the prayer addressed to the Sacred Heart, inspired by the testament of William the Conqueror."[36] On 28 January 1916, the newspaper La Croix reprinted, in French, the article from L'Osservatore Romano, with exactly the same heading and explanation.[37] La Rochethulon wrote to La Croix to clarify that it was not a prayer of Souvenir Normand; but he failed to mention La Clochette, the first publication in which it had appeared.[4] Because of its appearance in L'Osservatore Romano and La Croix as a simple prayer for peace during World War I, the prayer became widely known.[1]
Mistaken attribution (c.1927) to 13th-century Saint Francis[edit]
Around 1918, Franciscan Father Étienne Benoît reprinted the "Prayer for Peace" in French, without attribution, on the back of a mass-produced holy card depicting his Order's founder, the inspirational peacemaker from the Crusades era, Saint Francis of Assisi.[1] The prayer was circulating in the United States by January 1927, when its first known English version (slightly abridged from the 1912 French original) appeared in the Quaker magazine Friends' Intelligencer, under the misattributed and misspelled title "A prayer of St. Francis of Assissi".[38][39] The saint's namesake American archbishop and military vicar Francis Spellman distributed millions of copies of the "Prayer of St. Francis" during World War II, and the next year it was read into the Congressional Record by Senator Albert W. Hawkes. As a friar later summarized the relationship between the prayer and St. Francis: "One can safely say that although he is not the author, it resembles him and would not have displeased him."[40]
Other notable invocations[edit]
The Prayer of St. Francis has often been cited with national or international significance, in the spirit of service to others.
By religious leaders[edit]
Memorial engraving of global religious leaders at the first "World Day of Prayer for Peace", in Assisi
In 1986, Pope John Paul II recited the prayer in bidding farewell to the global religious leaders he hosted for the first "World Day of Prayer for Peace", in Assisi at the Basilica of St. Francis.[41] Indeed, the prayer "over the years has gained a worldwide popularity with people of all faiths";[1] and in 2013, Pope Francis chose his papal name as a tribute to St. Francis, "the man who gives us this spirit of peace".[42]
Mother Teresa of Calcutta (Kolkata, India) made it part of the morning prayers of the Roman Catholic religious institute she founded, the Missionaries of Charity. She attributed importance to the prayer when receiving the Nobel Peace Prize in Oslo in 1979 and asked that it be recited. It became the anthem of many Christian schools in Kolkata.[4][43] South Africa's Anglican archbishop Desmond Tutu, winner of the 1984 Nobel Peace Prize for his non-violent leadership against apartheid, declared that the prayer was "an integral part" of his devotions.[4]
By political leaders[edit]
Margaret Thatcher, after winning the 1979 United Kingdom general election, paraphrased the prayer on the doorstep of 10 Downing Street, surrounded by a throng of reporters, having "kissed hands" with Queen Elizabeth II and become Prime Minister.[44][45] In 1995, U.S. President Bill Clinton quoted it in his welcoming remarks to John Paul II, starting the papal visit to address the United Nations in New York City.[4] Nancy Pelosi quoted the prayer when she became Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives in 2007,[46] as did her successor John Boehner when he resigned in 2015.[47]
By others[edit]
The prayer is referenced in the Alcoholics Anonymous book Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions (1953), and is often known to AA members as the "Step Eleven Prayer".[48] An abbreviated version of the prayer was sung in Franco Zeffirelli's 1972 film about St. Francis, Brother Sun, Sister Moon.[20] A modified version of the prayer appears in the song Prayer in the musical Come From Away.[49]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Renoux, Christian. "The Origin of the Peace Prayer of St. Francis". The Franciscan Archive. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Manning, Kathleen (2017). "What do we know about St. Francis, America's most popular saint?". U.S. Catholic. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
Jump up ^ Renoux 2001, pp. 21, 27–28.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Piccuci, Egidio (19–20 January 2009). "Le origini del testo attribuito a san Francesco d'Assisi: L'Osservatore Romano e la vera storia della Preghiera semplice". L'Osservatore Romano (in Italian). p. 6.
^ Jump up to: a b Bouquerel, Esther, ed. (December 1912). "Belle prière à faire pendant la Messe". La Clochette (in French) (12): 285. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Francis of Assisi. "Prayers of St. Francis" (PDF). Ordo Fratrum Minorum: Franciscan Friars. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Thompson, Augustine (2012). Francis of Assisi: A New Biography. Cornell University Press. p. ix. ISBN 978-0-8014-5070-9. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Perry, Michael A.; Patton, Francesco (27 November 2016). "Children praying for peace: Letter from the Minister General and from the Custos of the Holy Land". Ordo Fratrum Minorum: Franciscan Friars. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Giles of Assisi (1907) [orig. 13th century]. The Golden Sayings of Blessed Brother Giles. Translated by Robinson, Paschal. Dolphin Press. p. 5. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
Jump up ^ Temple, Sebastian. "Prayer of St. Francis" on YouTube (official link). Retrieved 23 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sebastian Temple: Songs, Bio". Oregon Catholic Press. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Bradley, Ian (2005). The Daily Telegraph Book of Hymns. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 277–279. ISBN 978-0-8264-8678-3. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Royal Wedding: Live broadcast". Prince's Palace of Monaco. 2 July 2011. Archived from the original on 5 July 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
Jump up ^ Bliss, Arthur (October 1973). "Prayer of Saint Francis of Assisi". Musical Times. 114 (1568): 1–4. doi:10.2307/955423. JSTOR 955423.
Jump up ^ Brennan, Maire. "Peacemaker". Cross Rhythms. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Burns Sisters, 'Out of the Blue'". Rambles.net. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Clarke, F.R.C. "Prayer of St. Francis". Leslie Music Publications. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Clausen, René. "Prayer of St. Francis". Shawnee Press. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "A Bing Crosby Discography". BING magazine. International Club Crosby. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Donovan. "An Instrument of Your Peace". Franciscan Friars of Canada. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Wilson, Rich (2009). Lifting Shadows: The Authorized Biography of Dream Theater. Essential Works Limited. pp. 371–372. ISBN 978-1-906615-02-4.
Jump up ^ Foley, John. "Peace Prayer". Oregon Catholic Press. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Jordan, Marc. "Instrument of Peace". AllMusic. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Kaur, Singh. "Instruments of Peace". AllMusic. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Kaur, Snatam. "Servant of Peace". Moved By Love. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Maher, Matt. "Instrument" on YouTube (official link). Retrieved 9 March 2017.
Jump up ^ McDonald, Mary. "Make Me an Instrument of Thy Peace". Choral Tracks. Retrieved 29 March 2017.
Jump up ^ McLachlan, Sarah. "Prayer of St. Francis" on YouTube (official link). Retrieved 7 March 2017.
Jump up ^ A Ragamuffin Band. "Make Me an Instrument" on YouTube (official link). Retrieved 9 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Rutter, John. "Lord, make me an instrument of thy peace". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Talbot, John Michael. "Peace Prayer". AllMusic. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Renoux 2001.
Jump up ^ Messa, Pietro (November 2002). "Recensioni: Christian Renoux, La prière pour la paix attribuée à saint François: une énigme à résoudre". Frate Francesco (in Italian). 68 (2): 413–416. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Renoux 2001, p. 21.
Jump up ^ Renoux 2001, pp. 27–28.
Jump up ^ "Le preghiere del 'Souvenir Normand' per la pace". L'Osservatore Romano (in Italian). 20 January 1916. p. 1.
Jump up ^ "Les prières du 'Souvenir Normand' pour la paix". La Croix (in French). 28 January 1916. p. 6. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "A prayer of St. Francis of Assissi". Friends' Intelligencer. Philadelphia: Religious Society of Friends. 84 (4): 66. 22 January 1927. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
Jump up ^ O'Toole, Garson (22 December 2011). "Prayer Credited to St. Francis of Assisi". Quote Investigator. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Marty, Christophe-André (January 2014). "La Prière pour la Paix". Le Gallican (in French). Archived from the original on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Pope John Paul II (27 October 1986). "To the Representatives of the Christian Churches and Ecclesial Communities and of the World Religions, for the World Day of Prayer". The Holy See. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Pope Francis (16 March 2013). "Audience to Representatives of the Communications Media". The Holy See. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Madre Teresa (TV documentary). RAI. 2003. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "The real prayer of Francis of Assisi". The Daily Telegraph. 12 April 2013. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "Margaret Thatcher: Her Legacy" on YouTube (official link). The Wall Street Journal. 8 April 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Pelosi takes the helm in triumph". Los Angeles Times. 5 January 2007. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "This Is the Prayer John Boehner Read at His Resignation". Time. 25 September 2015. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
Jump up ^ Wilson, Bill (1953). Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions (PDF). Alcoholics Anonymous. p. 99. ISBN 978-0-916856-01-4.
Jump up ^ Whyte, Murray (March 5, 2017). "Come From Away's hopeful message strikes a chord in New York". The Star. The Star. Retrieved June 26, 2018.
Sources[edit]
Renoux, Christian (2001). La prière pour la paix attribuée à saint François: une énigme à résoudre (in French). Paris: Éditions franciscaines. ISBN 978-2-85020-096-0.
Further reading[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Francis of Assisi#Misattributed
Boff, Leonardo (1999). The Prayer of Saint Francis: A Message of Peace for the World Today. Orbis. ISBN 978-2-89507-159-4.
Easwaran, Eknath (2004) [orig. c. 1990]. The Prayer of Saint Francis (Audiobook). Blue Mountain Center of Meditation. ASIN B00GT08I8Q. ISBN 978-1-58638-651-1.
Haase, Albert (2004). Instruments of Christ: Reflections on the Peace Prayer of Saint Francis of Assisi. St. Anthony Messenger Press. ISBN 978-0-86716-572-2.
Isbouts, Jean-Pierre (2016). "Chapter 7. The Prayer of St. Francis". Ten Prayers That Changed the World: Extraordinary Stories of Faith That Shaped the Course of History. National Geographic. ISBN 978-1-4262-1644-2.
Nerburn, Kent (1999). Make Me an Instrument of Your Peace: Living in the Spirit of the Prayer of Saint Francis. Harper Collins. ISBN 978-0-06-251581-0.
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Small Industries Development Bank of India
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A major contributor to this article appears to have a close connection with its subject. It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly neutral point of view. Please discuss further on the talk page. (June 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)
Agency overview
Formed
2 April 1990; 28 years ago (1990-04-02)
Headquarters
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Agency executive
Mohammad Mustafa, IAS, Chairman and Managing Director
Website
www.sidbi.in
Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) is a development financial institution in India, headquartered at Lucknow and having its offices all over the country. Its purpose is to provide refinance facilities and short term lending to industries, and serves as the principal financial institution in the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector. SIDBI also coordinates the functions of institutions engaged in similar activities.[1]. SIDBI operates under the Department of Financial Services, Government of India.
SIDBI is one of the four All India Financial Institutions regulated and supervised by the Reserve Bank; other three are EXIM Bank, NABARD and NHB. They play a salutary role in the financial markets through credit extension and refinancing operation activities and cater to the long-term financing needs of the industrial sector.[2]
SIDBI is active in the development of Micro Finance Institutions through SIDBI Foundation for Micro Credit, and assists in extending microfinance through the Micro Finance Institution (MFI) route.[3]. Its promotion & development program focuses on rural enterprises promotion and entrepreneurship development.[4] [5]
In order to increase and support money supply to the MSE sector, it operates a refinance program known as Institutional Finance program. Under this program, SIDBI extends Term Loan assistance to Banks, Small Finance Banks and Non-Banking Financial Companies. Besides the refinance operations, SIDBI also lends directly to MSMEs.[6]
State Bank of India is the largest individual shareholder of SIDBI with holding of 16.73% shares, followed by Government of India and Life Insurance Corporation of India.[7]
Contents
[hide]
1 Non-Financial Intervention
2 Other activities
3 References
4 External links
Non-Financial Intervention[edit]
As part of non-financial intervention in the MSME sector, SIDBI had also undertaken various measures in the past. Recently, in association with credit rating agency CRISIL and Credit Information Company TransUnion CIBIL it has introduced "CriSidEx" and "MSME Pulse".
CriSidEx, India’s first sentiment index for micro and small enterprises (MSEs) has been developed jointly by CRISIL & SIDBI. It is a composite index based on a diffusion index of 8 parameters and measures MSE business sentiment on a scale of 0 (extremely negative) to 200 (extremely positive). The crucial benefit of CriSidEx is that its readings will flag potential headwinds and changes in production cycles and thus help improve market efficiencies. And by capturing the sentiment of exporters and importers, it will also offer actionable indicators on foreign trade.[8][9]
SIDBI in association with TransUnion CIBIL launched "MSME Pulse", a quarterly report on MSME credit activity, for closely tracking and monitoring the MSME segment in the country. The report is based on a study done on over five million active MSMEs who have access to formal credit, with live credit facilities in the Indian banking system. [10]
SIDBI has launched the ‘Udyami Mitra’ Portal to improve accessibility of credit and handholding services to MSMEs. They can select and apply for preferred banks through this portal. Under the portal entrepreneurs can apply for loan without physically visiting any bank branches and can select from over 1 lakh bank branches, track their application status and avail multiple loan benefits. It also has facility for uploading all necessary documents. Through the portal the MSMEs can also seek handholding support for getting finance.[11][12] SIDBI has also entered into an arrangement with CSC e-governance Services (CSCeGS) to take Udyami Mitra portal to the unserved and the underserved MSMEs. CSCeGS is a special purpose vehicle (SPV) set up by ministry of electronics and IT ( MeitY) which acts as connect point for various digitally aligned services to villages in the country. [13]
Other activities[edit]
SIDBI has floated several other entities for related activities, including:
SIDBI Venture Capital Limited (SVCL)[14] - for providing Venture Capital (VC) assistance to MSMEs;
Micro Units Development & Refinance Agency (MUDRA) - for ‘funding the unfunded’ micro enterprises in the country;
Receivable Exchange of India Ltd. (RXIL)[15] to enable faster realisation of receivables by MSMEs;
SMERA Ratings Limited (SMERA)[14] - for credit rating of MSMEs, renamed as Acuite Ratings & Research Limited.[16];
India SME Technology Services Ltd (ISTSL)[14] - for technology advisory and consultancy services and
India SME Asset Reconstruction Company Ltd. (ISARC)[14] for speedier resolution of Non-Performing Assets (NPA) in the MSME sector.
SIDBI supports the Government of India in its initiatives and work as a nodal agency for some of the schemes related to development of MSMEs, such as Make in India and Startup India.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://financialservices.gov.in/banking-divisions/Financial-Institutions-and-others/Small-Industries-Development-Bank-of-India%28SIDBI%29?page=2
Jump up ^ https://www.rbi.org.in/SCRIPTS/PublicationsView.aspx?id=16720
Jump up ^ https://www.idfc.org/Members/sidbi.aspx
Jump up ^ http://www.adfiap.org/resources/sidbis-financial-inclusion-program-covers-poorest-poor/
Jump up ^ http://indiamicrofinance.com/poorest-states-inclusive-growth-programme-sidbi-ukaid-dfid-rfp.html
Jump up ^ http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=146400
Jump up ^ https://www.sidbi.in/shareholding.phphttps://www.sidbi.in/shareholding.php
Jump up ^ https://www.livemint.com/Money/TxoEaqkRbBp0FvlZs2ahsI/Jaitley-launches-CriSidEx-says-economy-witnessing-a-phase-o.html
Jump up ^ http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=176130
Jump up ^ https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/sme-sector/sidbi-and-transunion-cibil-launch-msme-pulse/articleshow/63269240.cms
Jump up ^ http://pib.nic.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1514304
Jump up ^ http://knnindia.co.in/news/newsdetails/economy/sidbi-launches-udyami-mitra-portal-to-improve-accessibility-of-credit-for-msmes
Jump up ^ https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/sidbi-csc-partner-to-offer-msmes-better-credit-access-118030600963_1.html
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Small Industries Development Bank of India(SIDBI) | Department of Financial Services | Ministry of Finance | Government of India". financialservices.gov.in. Retrieved 2018-02-17.
Jump up ^ "Guidelines for setting up of and operating the Trade Receivables Discounting System (TReDS)" (PDF). Guidelines for setting up of and operating the Trade Receivables Discounting System (TReDS).
Jump up ^ https://www.acuite.in/
External links[edit]
Official website
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Small_Industries_Development_Bank_of_India&oldid=849646697"
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Small-scale industry in India
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Chordae tendineae
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"Heart strings" redirects here. For other uses, see Heart Strings (disambiguation).
Chordae tendineae
The chordae tendineae are the tendons connecting the valves to the heart muscle
Papillary muscles and chordae tendineae
Details
Identifiers
Latin
chordae tendineae cordis
MeSH
A07.541.510.240
Dorlands
/Elsevier
c_31/12236883
TA
A12.1.00.023
FMA
76527
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
The chordae tendineae (tendinous chords), colloquially known as the heart strings, are cord-like tendons that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve in the heart.
Chordae tendineae are approximately 80% collagen, while the remaining 20% is made up of elastin and endothelial cells.
Contents
[hide]
1 Structure
1.1 Tendon of Todaro
2 Function
3 Additional images
4 See also
5 References
Structure[edit]
Tendon of Todaro[edit]
The tendon of Todaro is a continuation of the Eustachian valve of the inferior vena cava and the Thebesian ring of the coronary sinus. Along with the opening of the coronary sinus and the septal cusp of the tricuspid valve, it makes up the triangle of Koch. The apex of the triangle of Koch is the location of the atrioventricular node.
Function[edit]
A medical illustration showing a cross section of the heart and lungs, chordae tendineae visible.
During atrial systole, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles down the pressure gradient. Chordae tendineae are relaxed because the atrioventricular valves are forced open.[1]
When the ventricles of the heart contract in ventricular systole, the increased blood pressures in both chambers push the AV valves to close simultaneously, preventing backflow of blood into the atria. Since the blood pressure in atria is much lower than that in the ventricles, the flaps attempt to evert to the low pressure regions. The chordae tendineae prevent the eversion, prolapse, by becoming tense thus pulling the flaps, holding them in closed position.[1]
Additional images[edit]
Papillary muscles and chordae tendineae
Play media
Ultrasound showing redundant chordae tendineae[2]
See also[edit]
This article uses anatomical terminology; for an overview, see Anatomical terminology.
Cardiac cycle
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Karas, S.; Elkins, R. C. (1970). "Mechanism of Function of the Mitral Valve Leaflets, Chordae Tendineae and Left Ventricular Papillary Muscles in Dogs". Circulation Research. 26 (6): 689–96. PMID 5422929. doi:10.1161/01.RES.26.6.689.
Jump up ^ "UOTW #75 - Ultrasound of the Week". Ultrasound of the Week. 4 November 2016. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
[hide]
v
t
e
Anatomy of the heart
General
Surface
base
apex
sulci
coronary
interatrial
anterior interventricular
posterior interventricular
borders
right
left
Internal
atria
interatrial septum
pectinate muscles
terminal sulcus
ventricles
interventricular septum
trabeculae carneae
chordae tendineae
papillary muscle
valves
cusps
atrioventricular septum
cardiac skeleton
intervenous tubercle
Chambers
Right heart
(venae cavae, coronary sinus) → right atrium (atrial appendage, fossa ovalis, limbus of fossa ovalis, crista terminalis, valve of inferior vena cava, valve of coronary sinus) → tricuspid valve → right ventricle (infundibulum, moderator band/septomarginal trabecula) → pulmonary valve → (pulmonary artery and pulmonary circulation)
Left heart
(pulmonary veins) → left atrium (atrial appendage) → mitral valve → left ventricle → aortic valve (aortic sinus) → (aorta and systemic circulation)
Layers
Endocardium
heart valves
Myocardium
Conduction system
cardiac pacemaker
SA node
Bachmann's bundle
AV node
bundle of His
bundle branches
Purkinje fibers
Pericardial cavity
pericardial sinus
Pericardium
fibrous pericardium
sternopericardial ligaments
serous pericardium
epicardium/visceral layer
fold of Left vena cava
Blood supply
Circulatory system
Coronary circulation
Coronary arteries
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values: حبال وترية قلبية – Arabic

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