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Director of National Intelligence
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Director of National Intelligence of the United States of America
Seal of the Director of National Intelligence
Incumbent
Dan Coats
since March 16, 2017
United States Intelligence Community
Member of
Cabinet-level,
National Security Council
Reports to
The President
Seat
Washington, D.C.
Appointer
The President
with Senate advice and consent
Term length
Appointed
Precursor
Director of Central Intelligence (CIA)
Formation
April 22, 2005; 12 years ago (2005-04-22)
First holder
John Negroponte
Deputy
Principal Deputy Director Susan M. Gordon
Website
www.dni.gov
The Director of National Intelligence (DNI) is the United States government cabinet-level official – subject to the authority, direction, and control of the President – required by the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 to:
Serve as head of the seventeen-member United States Intelligence Community,
Direct and oversee the National Intelligence Program; and
Serve as an advisor, upon invitation, to the President and his executive offices of the National Security Council, and the Homeland Security Council about intelligence matters related to national security;
On July 30, 2008, President George W. Bush issued Executive Order 13470,[1] amending Executive Order 12333 to strengthen the DNI's role.[2] Further, by Presidential Policy Directive 19 signed by Barack Obama in October 2012, the DNI was given overall responsibility for Intelligence Community whistleblowing and source protection.
Under 50 U.S.C. § 403-3a, "under ordinary circumstances, it is desirable" that either the Director or the Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence be an active-duty commissioned officer in the armed forces or have training or experience in military intelligence activities and requirements. Only one of the two positions can be held by a military officer at any given time. The statute does not specify what rank the commissioned officer will hold during his or her tenure in either position. On July 20, 2010, President Obama nominated retired Lt. (three-star) Gen. James R. Clapper for the position. Clapper was confirmed by the Senate on August 5, 2010, and replaced acting Director David C. Gompert. The prior DNI was retired Navy four-star admiral Dennis C. Blair, whose resignation became effective May 28, 2010.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Founding
1.2 History (2005–2007)
2 Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI)
2.1 ODNI organization
2.1.1 Core mission
2.1.2 Mission enablers
2.1.3 Oversight
3 Directors
4 Line of succession
5 Subordinates
5.1 Principal Deputy Directors of National Intelligence
5.2 Director of the Intelligence Staff/Chief Management Officer
5.3 Intelligence Community Inspector General
5.4 Deputy Directors of National Intelligence
5.5 Assistant Directors of National Intelligence
5.6 Assistant Deputy Directors of National Intelligence
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
History[edit]
Founding[edit]
Before the DNI was formally established, the head of the Intelligence Community was the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI), who concurrently served as the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
The 9/11 Commission recommended establishing the DNI position in its 9/11 Commission Report, not released until July 22, 2004, as it had identified major intelligence failures that called into question how well the intelligence community was able to protect U.S. interests against foreign terrorist attacks.
Senators Dianne Feinstein, Jay Rockefeller and Bob Graham introduced S. 2645 on June 19, 2002, to create the Director of National Intelligence position. Other similar legislation soon followed. After considerable debate on the scope of the DNI's powers and authorities, the United States Congress passed the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 by votes of 336–75 in the House of Representatives, and 89–2 in the Senate. President George W. Bush signed the bill into law on December 17, 2004. Among other things, the law established the DNI position as the designated leader of the United States Intelligence Community and prohibited the DNI from serving as the CIA Director or the head of any other Intelligence Community element at the same time. In addition, the law required the CIA Director to "report" his agency's activities to the DNI.
Critics say compromises during the bill's crafting led to the establishment of a DNI whose powers are too weak to adequately lead, manage and improve the performance of the US Intelligence Community.[4] In particular, the law left the United States Department of Defense in charge of the National Security Agency (NSA), the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA). (The limited DNI role in leading the US Intelligence Community is discussed on the Intelligence Community page.)
History (2005–2007)[edit]
On February 17, 2005, President George W. Bush named US Ambassador to Iraq John Negroponte to the post, pending confirmation by the Senate. It was reported that President Bush's first choice for Director of National Intelligence was former Director of Central Intelligence Robert M. Gates, who was serving as president of Texas A&M University; however, Gates declined the offer.[5] Negroponte was confirmed by a Senate vote of 98 to 2 in favor of his appointment on April 21, 2005, and he was sworn in by President Bush on that day.
On February 13, 2007, John Michael McConnell became the 2nd Director of National Intelligence, after Negroponte was appointed Deputy Secretary of State.
Donald M. Kerr was confirmed by the U.S. Senate to be Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence on October 4, 2007 and sworn in on October 9, 2007. Kerr, from Virginia, was most recently the Director of the National Reconnaissance Office, and previously the Duty Director for Science and Technology at the US CIA and earlier in his career the Assistant Director of the Justice Department's FBI.
Declan McCullagh at News.com wrote on August 24, 2007, that the DNI site was configured to repel all search engines to index any page at DNI.gov. This effectively made the DNI website invisible to all search engines and in turn, any search queries.[6] Ross Feinstein, Spokesman for the DNI, said that the cloaking was removed as of September 3, 2007. "We're not even sure how (the robots.txt file]) got there" – but it was again somehow hidden the next day. Another blog entry by McCullagh on September 7, states that the DNI site should now be open to search engines.[7] This explanation is plausible because some software used for web development has been known to cause servers to automatically generate and re-generate robots.txt, and this behavior can be difficult to turn off. Therefore, if the web developers working for the DNI had tried to solve the issue by simply removing robots.txt, it would have looked like it worked at first, but then fail once the server had undergone a self-check for the robots.txt file.[8] robots.txt has been configured to allow access to all directories for any agent.
In September 2007, the Office of the DNI released "Intelligence Community 100 Day & 500 Day Plans for Integration & Collaboration". These plans include a series of initiatives designed to build the foundation for increased cooperation and reform of the U.S. Intelligence Community.[9]
Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI)[edit]
The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 established the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) as an independent agency to assist the DNI. The ODNI's goal is to effectively integrate foreign, military and domestic intelligence in defense of the homeland and of United States interests abroad.[10] The budget for the ODNI and the Intelligence Community for fiscal year 2013 was $52.6 billion[11] and the base request for fiscal year 2014 was $48.2 billion.[12] The Military Intelligence Program (MIP) base budget request for fiscal year 2014, excluding overseas contingency funds, is $14.6 billion, which together with the NIP, comprise an Intelligence Community budget request of $62.8 billion for fiscal year 2014.[13] The ODNI has about 1,750 employees.[14]
On March 23, 2007, DNI Mike McConnell announced organizational changes, which include:
Elevating acquisition to a new Deputy DNI position
Creating a new Deputy DNI for Policy, Plans, and Requirements (replacing the Deputy DNI for Requirements position)
Establishing an Executive Committee
Designating the Chief of Staff position as the new Director of the Intelligence Staff
The ODNI continued to evolve under succeeding directors, culminating in a new organization focused on intelligence integration across the community. The ODNI has six centers and 15 Offices that, together with the centers, support the Director of National Intelligence as the head of the Intelligence Community (IC) in overseeing and directing implementation of the NIP and acting as the principal advisor to the President, the National Security Council, and the Homeland Security Council for intelligence matters related to national security. The six ODNI centers include:
Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Agency (IARPA)
Information Sharing Environment (ISE)
National Counterproliferation Center (NCPC)
National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC)
National Intelligence Council (NIC)
Office of the National Counterintelligence Executive (ONCIX).
ODNI organization[edit]
The ODNI is divided into core, enabling, and oversight offices. The Principal Duty Director (PDDNI) to the DNI, in a role similar to that of a Chief Operating Officer, oversees operation of ODNI offices, manages Intelligence Community (IC) coordination and information sharing, reinforces the DNI's intelligence-integration initiatives, and focuses on IC resource challenges.
Core mission[edit]
The core mission functions of the ODNI are organized under the Deputy DNI for Intelligence Integration (DDNI/II). The DDNI/II facilitates information sharing and collaboration through the integration of analysis and collection, and leads execution of core mission functions. These include:
Integration Management Council
National Intelligence Council
Mission Integration Division
National Counterterrorism Center
National Counterproliferation Center
Office of the National Counterintelligence Executive
Mission enablers[edit]
Mission enablers include policy, engagement, acquisition, resource, human capital, financial, and information offices.
Oversight[edit]
Oversight offices include the General Counsel, civil liberties, public affairs, Inspector General, Equal Employment Opportunity, and legislative affairs functions.[10]
Directors[edit]
See also: List of United States Directors of National Intelligence by time in office
Status
Denotes an Acting Director of National Intelligence
No.
Director
Term of Office
President(s) served under
Position succeeded the Director of Central Intelligence
1 John Negroponte April 21, 2005 – February 13, 2007 George W. Bush
2 Mike McConnell February 13, 2007 – January 27, 2009
3 Dennis C. Blair January 29, 2009 – May 28, 2010 Barack Obama
– David Gompert
Acting May 28, 2010 – August 5, 2010
4 James R. Clapper August 5, 2010 – January 20, 2017
– Mike Dempsey
Acting January 20, 2017 – March 16, 2017 Donald Trump
5 Dan Coats March 16, 2017 – present
Line of succession[edit]
The line of succession for the Director of National Intelligence is as follows:[15]
Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence
Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Intelligence Integration
Director of the National Counterterrorism Center
National Counterintelligence Executive
Inspector General of the Intelligence Community
Subordinates[edit]
Principal Deputy Directors of National Intelligence[edit]
Name
Term of Office
President(s) served under
Michael Hayden April 21, 2005 – May 26, 2006 George W. Bush
Ronald L. Burgess, Jr. June 2006 – January 2007 George W. Bush
Donald Kerr October 2007 – January 2009 George W. Bush
Ronald L. Burgess, Jr.
Acting January 2009 – February 2009 Barack Obama
David C. Gompert November 10, 2009 – August 2010 Barack Obama
Stephanie O'Sullivan February 18, 2011 – January 20, 2017 Barack Obama
Susan M. Gordon August 7, 2017 – present Donald Trump
Director of the Intelligence Staff/Chief Management Officer[edit]
Name
Term of Office
President(s) served under
Ronald L. Burgess, Jr. May 2007 – February 2009 George W. Bush, Barack Obama
John F. Kimmons February 2009 – October 2010 Barack Obama
Mark Ewing November 2010 – present Barack Obama, Donald Trump
Intelligence Community Inspector General[edit]
Name
Term of Office
President(s) served under
Charles McCullough November 2011 – present Barack Obama, Donald Trump
Deputy Directors of National Intelligence[edit]
Name
Office
Term of Office
President(s) served under
Robert Cardillo Intelligence Integration (oversees collection and analysis) September 2010 – October 2014 Barack Obama
Peter Lavoy Analysis December 2008 – ??? George W. Bush
Vacant Collection April 2010 – ??? Barack Obama
David Shedd Policy, Plans and Requirements May 2007 – ??? George W. Bush
Dawn Meyerriecks Acquisition and Technology September 2009 – ??? Barack Obama
Dawn Eilenberger April 2017 – present Donald Trump
Assistant Directors of National Intelligence[edit]
Name
Office
Term of Office
President(s) served under
Deborah Kircher ADNI for Human Capital October 2011 – present Barack Obama
Al Tarasiuk Intelligence Community Chief Information Officer February 2011 – present Barack Obama
Marilyn A. Vacca Chief Financial Officer April 2009 – present Barack Obama
L. Roger Mason, Jr. ADNI for Systems and Resource Analyses May 2009 – present Barack Obama
Dawn Meyerriecks ADNI for Acquisition, Technology and Facilities ??? – present Barack Obama
Assistant Deputy Directors of National Intelligence[edit]
Name
Office
Term of Office
President(s) served under
Dan Butler Assistant Deputy Director for Open Source April 2008 – ??? George W. Bush, Barack Obama
Andrew Hallman Assistant Deputy Director for Intelligence Integration September 2010 – present Barack Obama, Donald Trump
See also[edit]
Title 32 of the CFR
Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity
Information Sharing Environment
Intellipedia
Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System (JWICS)
National Intelligence Coordination Center
The National Security Act of 1947
Open source intelligence
United States Joint Intelligence Community Council
US intelligence community A-Space
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Executive Order 13470". Federal Register. National Archives and Records Administration. July 30, 2008. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Bush Orders Intelligence Overhaul". The New York Times. Associated Press. July 31, 2008.
Jump up ^ Miller, Greg (May 21, 2010). "Dennis C. Blair to resign as Director of National Intelligence". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 3, 2010.
Jump up ^ Kaplan, Fred (7 December 2004). "You Call That a Reform Bill?". Slate.
Jump up ^ "Robert M. Gates profile". The Washington Post. November 8, 2006. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ McCullagh, Declan (2007-08-24). "Feds use robots.txt files to stay invisible online. Lame.". CNET. Retrieved 2014-02-14.
Jump up ^ McCullagh, Declan (2007-09-07). "National Intelligence Web site no longer invisible to search engines". CNET. Retrieved 2014-02-14.
Jump up ^ "Auto generated robots.txt file in WordPress". Codegrad. February 10, 2013. Retrieved 2013-08-12.
Jump up ^ "Director of National Intelligence Moves Forward with Intelligence Reform" (PDF). ODNI News Release No. 20-07. DNI.gov. September 13, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b "Public Affairs Office, ODNI". Office of the Director of National Intelligence. ODNI. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
Jump up ^ "National Intelligence Program" (PDF). Budget for Fiscal Year 2013. US Government Publishing Office. p. 85. Retrieved 14 Apr 2013.
Jump up ^ "National Intelligence Program" (PDF). The Budget for Fiscal Year 2014. US Government Publishing Office. p. 75. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
Jump up ^ "DoD Releases MIP Base Request for FY 2014". Department of Defense. Archived from the original on 12 April 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
Jump up ^ Clark, Charles (September 2012). "Lifting the Lid". Government Executive. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
Jump up ^ "Designation of Officers of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence To Act as Director of National Intelligence". Federal Register. 78 FR 59159. 2013-09-25. Retrieved 2016-10-30.
External links[edit]
Official website
The National Counterproliferation Center at the Wayback Machine (archived April 28, 2015)
The National Counterterrorism Center
The National Counterintelligence Executive
Program Manager for the Information Sharing Environment
Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004
Articles
U.S. News & World Report: First line of Defense: Inside the Efforts to Remake U.S. Intelligence
Fact Sheet: Real Progress in Reforming Intelligence
The Washington Post – December 29, 2006: DNI Awards $2 Million in Hush-Hush Money
The National Security Archive: From Director of Central Intelligence to Director of National Intelligence
U.S. National Intelligence: An Overview 2013
[show]
v
t
e
United States Intelligence Community
Intelligence
Community
Defense
Defense Intelligence Agency (Defense Clandestine Service • Defense Attaché System • National Intelligence University • Missile and Space Intelligence Center • National Center for Medical Intelligence • Joint Functional Component Command for Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance)
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
National Reconnaissance Office
National Security Agency (Central Security Service, Special Collection Service)
Armed Forces
Army Intelligence and Security Command
Marine Corps Intelligence
Office of Naval Intelligence
Twenty-Fifth Air Force
Coast Guard Intelligence (Homeland Security)
Civilian
Bureau of Intelligence and Research (State)
Central Intelligence Agency (Directorate of Operations • Special Activities Division • Open Source Center • Directorate of Science and Technology • CIA University)
Drug Enforcement Administration (Justice)
Federal Bureau of Investigation (Justice)
Office of Intelligence and Analysis (Homeland Security)
Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence (Treasury)
Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence (Energy)
Director of
National
Intelligence
Director of National Intelligence
National Counterterrorism Center
National Counterproliferation Center
Office of the National Counterintelligence Executive
National Intelligence Council
Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity
Joint Intelligence Community Council
Chief Information Officer
Executive Office
of the President
National Security Advisor
National Security Council
President's Intelligence Advisory Board
Homeland Security Council
Homeland Security Advisor
President's Daily Brief
Other
Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence
Army Intelligence Support Activity
Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System
Intellipedia
Oversight
United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence
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United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court
Defunct
Contingency Fund for Foreign Intercourse
Counterintelligence Field Activity
Military Information Division
Military Intelligence Division
Military Intelligence Service
Office of Strategic Services
Office of Special Plans
Strategic Support Branch
[show]
v
t
e
United States Directors of National Intelligence
Negroponte
McConnell
Blair
Clapper
Coats
[show]
v
t
e
Defense Intelligence Agency
Subordinate organizations
Defense Clandestine Service
Defense Attaché System
Defense Cover Office
Missile and Space Intelligence Center
National Center for Medical Intelligence
National Media Exploitation Center
Joint Intelligence Operations Center Europe Analytic Center/Joint Intelligence Center
National Intelligence University
Joint Functional Component Command for Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance
Projects, operations, and programs
Project Socrates
Stargate Project
Able Danger
Iraq Survey Group
Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System
Soviet Military Power
Oversight
United States Secretary of Defense
Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence
Military Intelligence Board
Director of National Intelligence
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SSCI
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People
Robert McNamara
Directors
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DIA Memorial Wall
[show]
v
t
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War on Terror
War in Afghanistan
Iraq War
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Symbolism of terrorism
Participants
Operational
ISAF
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Afghanistan
Northern Alliance
Iraq (Iraqi Armed Forces)
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Pakistan
United Kingdom
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European Union
Philippines
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Osama bin Laden
al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula
Abu Sayyaf
Anwar al-Awlaki
Al-Shabaab
Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami
Hizbul Mujahideen
Islamic Courts Union
Jaish-e-Mohammed
Jemaah Islamiyah
Lashkar-e-Taiba
Taliban
Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
Conflicts
Operation
Enduring Freedom
War in Afghanistan
OEF – Philippines
Georgia Train and Equip Program
Georgia Sustainment and Stability
OEF – Horn of Africa
OEF – Trans Sahara
Drone strikes in Pakistan
Other
Operation Active Endeavour
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Insurgency in the North Caucasus
Moro conflict in the Philippines
Iraq War
Iraqi insurgency
Operation Linda Nchi
Terrorism in Saudi Arabia
War in North-West Pakistan
War in Somalia (2006–09)
2007 Lebanon conflict
al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen
Korean conflict
See also
Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse
Axis of evil
Black sites
Bush Doctrine
Clash of Civilizations
Cold War
Combatant Status Review Tribunal
Criticism of the War on Terror
Death of Osama bin Laden
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Torture Memos
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Guantanamo Bay detention camp
Iranian Revolution
Islamism
Military Commissions Act of 2006
North Korea and weapons of mass destruction
Terrorist Surveillance Program
Operation Noble Eagle
Operation Eagle Assist
Pakistan's role
Patriot Act
President's Surveillance Program
Protect America Act of 2007
September 11 attacks
State Sponsors of Terrorism
Targeted killing
Targeted Killing in International Law
Targeted Killings: Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World
Unitary executive theory
Unlawful combatant
Withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan
CAGE
Terrorism portal
War portal
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Hannibal Lecter (franchise)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Hannibal Lecter
Created by
Thomas Harris
Original work
Red Dragon
Print publications
Novel(s)
Red Dragon (1981)
The Silence of the Lambs (1988)
Hannibal (1999)
Hannibal Rising (2006)
Films and television
Film(s)
Manhunter (1986)
The Silence of the Lambs (1991)
Hannibal (2001)
Red Dragon (2002)
Hannibal Rising (2007)
Television series
Hannibal (2013–15)
The Hannibal Lecter franchise is an American media franchise that features the titular character, Hannibal Lecter, who originally appeared in a series of novels (starting with Red Dragon in 1981) by Thomas Harris. The series has since expanded into film and television.
Contents
[hide]
1 Novels
2 Films and television
2.1 Cast and characters
3 Critical reaction
4 Musical
5 References
Novels[edit]
Red Dragon (1981)
The Silence of the Lambs (1988)
Hannibal (1999)
Hannibal Rising (2006)
Films and television[edit]
Manhunter (1986)
The Silence of the Lambs (1991)
Hannibal (2001)
Red Dragon (2002)
Hannibal Rising (2007)
Hannibal (TV series) (2013–15)
The first adaptation was the 1986 film Manhunter, which was an adaptation of Red Dragon, directed by Michael Mann.
The next adaptation was 1991's The Silence of the Lambs, which was directed by Jonathan Demme and was the first film to feature Anthony Hopkins in the role of Hannibal Lecter. Silence was a success, both critically and financially, and went on to become the third film in Academy Awards history to win in all top five categories (Best Actor for Hopkins, Best Actress for Jodie Foster, Best Director for Demme, Best Adapted Screenplay for Ted Tally, and Best Picture). Hopkins reprised the role in the next two films, 2001's Hannibal, a sequel directed by Ridley Scott, and 2002's Red Dragon, a prequel directed by Brett Ratner. In 2002, Hopkins revealed that he had written a screenplay for another sequel, ending with Clarice killing Lecter but it was not produced.[1]
In 2007, Hannibal Rising was released. The film is a prequel, directed by Peter Webber and starring Gaspard Ulliel as Lecter.
In 2013, the TV series Hannibal premiered. Developed by Bryan Fuller, it is not a direct adaptation, but based on characters and elements from the novels. Some male characters have become female, such as Freddy Lounds, who is renamed Fredricka "Freddie" Lounds. The series has garnered much critical acclaim since its premiere, winning the 2014 and 2015 Saturn Award for Best Network Television Series, as well as the inaugural Best Action-Thriller Television Series in 2016.
In 2016, when asked if there were any sequels that he wished he could revisit, Hopkins said, "I made the mistake of doing two more [Hannibal Lecter movies] and I should have only done one."[2]
In 2017, Foster reprised her role as Starling in a skit titled "Clarice Probes Hannibal Lecter About Trump's Russia Ties" on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, opposite Stephen Colbert as Hannibal Lecter. In the skit, Clarice questions Lecter on his relationship with Donald Trump and what he can tell her about his relationship with Russia.[3]
Cast and characters[edit]
Manhunter
(1986)
The Silence of the Lambs
(1991)
Hannibal
(2001)
Red Dragon
(2002)
Hannibal Rising
(2007)
Hannibal
(TV series)
(2013–15)
Hannibal Lecter
Brian Cox
(as Hannibal Lecktor) Anthony Hopkins Gaspard Ulliel
Aaran Thomas (young) Mads Mikkelsen
Will Graham
William Petersen Edward Norton Hugh Dancy
Jack Crawford
Dennis Farina Scott Glenn Harvey Keitel Laurence Fishburne
Frederick Chilton
Benjamin Hendrickson Anthony Heald Anthony Heald Raúl Esparza
Francis Dolarhyde
(The Tooth Fairy)
Tom Noonan
(as Francis Dollarhyde) Ralph Fiennes
Alex D. Linz (young) Richard Armitage
Clarice Starling
Jodie Foster
Masha Skorobogatov (young) Julianne Moore
Buffalo Bill
(Jame Gumb)
Ted Levine
Barney Matthews
Frankie Faison Jonathan Tucker
(as Matthew Brown)
Freddy Lounds
Stephen Lang Philip Seymour Hoffman Lara Jean Chorostecki
(as Fredricka "Freddie" Lounds)
Mason Verger
Gary Oldman Michael Pitt
Joe Anderson
Paul Krendler
Ron Vawter Ray Liotta Cynthia Nixon
(as Kade Prurnell)[4]
Reba McClane
Joan Allen Emily Watson Rutina Wesley
Molly Graham
Kim Greist Mary-Louise Parker Nina Arianda
Rinaldo Pazzi
Giancarlo Giannini Fortunato Cerlino
Cordell Doemling
Željko Ivanek Glenn Fleshler
Margot Verger
Katharine Isabelle
Grutas
Rhys Ifans
Lady Murasaki
Gong Li
Alan Bloom
Paul Perri
(as Sidney Bloom) Caroline Dhavernas
(as Alana Bloom)
Beverly Katz
Michele Shay Elizabeth Dennehy
(as Beverly) Hettienne Park
Jimmy Price
Dan Butler Stanley Anderson Scott Thompson
Brian Zeller
Chris Elliott
(as Zeller) Aaron Abrams
Lloyd Bowman
Bill Smitrovich Ken Leung
Chiyoh
Tao Okamoto
Bedelia Du Maurier
Gillian Anderson
Abel Gideon
Eddie Izzard
Critical reaction[edit]
Film Rotten Tomatoes Metacritic
Manhunter 94% (33 reviews) [5] 78 (10 reviews) [6]
The Silence of the Lambs 95% (73 reviews) [7] 84 (17 reviews) [8]
Hannibal 39% (165 reviews) [9] 57 (36 reviews) [10]
Red Dragon 69% (185 reviews) [11] 60 (36 reviews) [12]
Hannibal Rising 15% (143 reviews) [13] 35 (30 reviews) [14]
Hannibal (TV series), Season 1 (2013) 71% (41 reviews) [15] 70 (32 reviews) [16]
Hannibal (TV series), Season 2 (2014) 100% (24 reviews) [17] 88 (14 reviews) [18]
Hannibal (TV series), Season 3 (2015) 97% (35 reviews) [19] 84 (15 reviews) [20]
Musical[edit]
In 2005, comedian-musicians Jon and Al Kaplan, most famous for their musical re-imaginings of popular films as YouTube musicals, parodied The Silence of the Lambs, especially the film version, in Silence! The Musical. It premiered Off-Off-Broadway and has since had acclaimed productions in London (2009) and Los Angeles (2012). In 2012, it won the Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle – Score, Lead Performance, Choreography Award.[21]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Oldenburg, Ann (October 3, 2002). "Marquee names serve up another helping of Hannibal". USA Today. Retrieved April 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ Hibberd, James (7 December 2016). "Westworld finale: Anthony Hopkins on Dr. Ford's fate". Entertainment Weekly. New York: Time Inc. Retrieved 13 February 2017.
Jump up ^ Clarice Probes Hannibal Lecter About Trump's Russia Ties - The Late Show with Stephen Colbert
Jump up ^ VanDerWerff, Todd (March 8, 2014). "Hannibal's Bryan Fuller on blending Busby Berkeley with murder". The A.V. Club. Retrieved March 8, 2014. Kade Prurnell is an anagram of a character from Hannibal, actually the Ray Liotta character. So it’s like, “Your anagrams are showing, Dr. Lecter.” We couldn’t get the rights to that character, because that character originated in Silence of the Lambs. The character’s name was Paul Krendler, and we wanted to call her Paula Krendler, and they said no, because the way the rights go, it’s not by the literature, it’s actually by the character’s introduction. So if a character is first seen in Silence of the Lambs, we’re screwed, as far as rights go. In order to change the character so it’s not that but sort of services the same mythology in the show and reinvent the character in a way that won’t get us sued, [Laughs.] we anagrammed her and made her slightly different from the character in both Silence of the Lambs and Hannibal to our own purposes.
Jump up ^ "Manhunter RT: Reviews". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
Jump up ^ "Manhunter MC: Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
Jump up ^ "Silence of the Lambs RT: Reviews". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
Jump up ^ "Silence of the Lambs MC: Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
Jump up ^ "Hannibal RT: Reviews". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
Jump up ^ "Hannibal MC: Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
Jump up ^ "Red Dragon RT: Reviews". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
Jump up ^ "Red Dragon MC: Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
Jump up ^ "Hannibal Rising RT: Reviews". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
Jump up ^ "Hannibal Rising MC: Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
Jump up ^ "Hannibal: Season 1". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2017-12-11.
Jump up ^ "Hannibal Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved 2017-12-11.
Jump up ^ "Hannibal: Season 2". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2017-12-11.
Jump up ^ "Hannibal Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved 2017-12-11.
Jump up ^ "Hannibal: Season 3". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2017-12-11.
Jump up ^ "Hannibal Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved 2017-12-11.
Jump up ^ http://www.silencethemusicalnyc.com/
[hide]
v
t
e
Thomas Harris' Hannibal Lecter
Characters
Hannibal Lecter
Will Graham
Clarice Starling
Jack Crawford
Frederick Chilton
Francis Dolarhyde
Buffalo Bill
Mason Verger
Freddy Lounds
Bedelia Du Maurier
Novels
Red Dragon (1981)
The Silence of the Lambs (1988)
Hannibal (1999)
Hannibal Rising (2006)
Films
Manhunter (1986)
The Silence of the Lambs (1991)
Hannibal (2001)
Red Dragon (2002)
Hannibal Rising (2007)
Television
Hannibal (2013–15)
episodes
"Apéritif"
"Amuse-Bouche"
"Potage"
"Oeuf"
Related productions
The Silence of the Hams (1994)
Silence! The Musical (2005)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hannibal_Lecter_(franchise)&oldid=830811971"
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India Today (TV channel)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
India Today
India Today logo
Launched
7 April 2003
Owned by
Living Media
Picture format
4:3 (576i, SDTV)
Country
India
Language
English
Broadcast area
India
Worldwide
Headquarters
Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India[1]
Formerly called
Headlines Today
Sister channel(s)
Aaj Tak, Dilli Aaj Tak, Tez TV
Website
www.indiatoday.in
Availability
Satellite
Airtel Digital TV (India)
Channel 372
Reliance Digital TV (India)
Channel 455
Sun Direct (India)
Channel 557
Tata Sky (India)
Channel 509
Videocon d2h (India)
Channel 357
Cable
Asianet Digital (India)
Channel 424
Siti Cable (India)
Channel 415
India Today is a 24-hour English language television network based in Noida, Uttar Pradesh that carries news, current affairs and business programming in India. The channel is owned by TV Today Network Ltd, which is a part of Living Media.
Contents
1 History
2 Associated journalists
3 Awards
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
History[edit]
The channel was launched in 2003 as a sister channel of the Hindi Aaj Tak news channel. It is one of the four news channels from the TV Today Network stable, the others being Aaj Tak, Tez and Delhi Aaj Tak. Alok Verma[2] was brought in as the Executive Producer to successfully launch TV Today group's foray into the English news channel category.[3][4] Media watchers flagged the channel for unethical use of footage in September 2015[5] and sexist content.[6]
Associated journalists[edit]
Gaurav C Sawant - Executive Editor
Rahul Kanwal - Managing Editor
Rajdeep Sardesai - Consulting Editor
Karan Thapar - host of a show on the channel called To The Point
Alok Verma - Former Executive Producer and Head of Special Projects at TV Today
Awards[edit]
Exchange4media News Broadcasting Awards 2015[7]
See also[edit]
Aaj Tak
India Today
Living Media
TV Today Network
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "India Today Group". India Today Group. Retrieved 2010-10-09.
Jump up ^ "Alok Verma to head TV Today spl. projects". 8 November 2004.
Jump up ^ "Aaj Tak English channel may launch in 10 days". Indian Television. 24 February 2003. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "TV Today's Delhi Aaj Tak likely to launch mid-May". Indian Television. Archived from the original on 7 February 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Unethical use of unrelated videos".
Jump up ^ "India Today's offensive video".
Jump up ^ "TV Today Network wins big at ENBA 2015". Retrieved 3 April 2017.
External links[edit]
Official website
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=India_Today_(TV_channel)&oldid=862097733"
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Safe-space
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the youth crisis support organization, see National Safe Place.
"Safe space" redirects here. For the South Park episode, see Safe Space (South Park).
The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with Western culture and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (August 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This article may lend undue weight to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies. Please help to create a more neutral presentation, with details put in their proper context. Discuss and resolve this issue before removing this message. (August 2017)
An inverted pink triangle surrounded by a green circle, as used to symbolize alliance with gay rights and space free from homophobia.[1]
LGBT symbols
Flags
Rainbow
Bisexual
Transgender
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Intersex
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In educational institutions, safe space (or safe-space), safer space, and positive space are terms that, as originally intended, were used to indicate that a teacher, educational institution, or student body did not tolerate anti-LGBT violence, harassment or hate speech, thereby creating a safe place for all LGBT students. The term safe space has been extended to refer to an autonomous space for individuals who feel marginalized to come together to communicate regarding their experiences with marginalization, typically on a university campus. Safe spaces exist in educational institutions of anglophone countries. The idea of safe spaces has seen criticism on the grounds that it stifles freedom of speech. Critics claim safe spaces hinder the exposure of sensitive material that needs to be discussed and explained in an educational environment.[citation needed]
Contents
[hide]
1 Description
2 Countries
2.1 Australia
2.2 Canada
2.3 United Kingdom
2.4 United States
3 Criticism
4 In popular culture
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Description[edit]
In educational institutions, a safe space, safer space, and positive space has been used to indicate that a teacher, educational institution, or student body does not tolerate anti-LGBT violence, harassment or hate speech, thereby creating a safe place for all LGBT students.[2]
The term safe space has been extended to refer to an autonomous space for individuals who feel marginalized to come together to communicate regarding their experiences with marginalization, typically on a university campus.[3] but also at workplaces, as in the case of Nokia.[4]
Countries[edit]
Australia[edit]
The Islamic Council of Victoria (ICV) which claims to represent 200,000 Muslims in Victoria stated that the Muslim community suffered mental health and other problems due to the suspicions to which it is subjected. The ICV proposed that Islamic community groups be given funds to create "safe spaces" where "inflammatory" issues could be discussed without being judged.[5] Government rejected the proposal and instigated a review of government funding towards the ICV.[5][6]
Canada[edit]
Positive Space initiatives have been prevalent in post-secondary institutions across Canada[when?] including the University of Western Ontario, McGill University, the University of Toronto, Algonquin College, the University of British Columbia, and Queen's University.[7][8][9][10]
United Kingdom[edit]
In early 2015 the increasing adoption of safe spaces in UK universities aroused controversy due to accusations that they were used to stifle free speech and differing political views.[11]
In April 2016, a member of the Edinburgh University Students' Association was subject to a vote on whether to be expelled from a meeting within a safe-space for violating rules about making gestures of disagreement; the vote went in her favour. She had waved her arms in disgust with a claim made against her by another speaker.[12]
In September 2016, Prime Minister Theresa May hit out at universities for implementing "safe space" policies amid concerns that self-censorship is curtailing freedom of speech on campuses. The Prime Minister said it was "quite extraordinary" for universities to ban the discussion of certain topics which could cause offence. She warned that stifling free speech could have a negative impact on Britain's economic and social success.[13]
United States[edit]
In the United States the concept originated in the women's movement, where it "implies a certain license to speak and act freely, form collective strength, and generate strategies for resistance...a means rather than an end and not only a physical space but also a space created by the coming together of women searching for community." The first safe spaces were gay bars and consciousness raising groups.[14]
In 1989 Gay & Lesbian Urban Explorers (GLUE) developed a safe spaces program. During their events including diversity-training sessions and antihomophobia workshops, they passed out magnets with an inverted pink triangle, "ACT UP's...symbol", surrounded by a green circle to, "symbolize universal acceptance," and asked, "allies to display the magnets to show support for gay rights and to designate their work spaces free from homophobia."[15]
Advocates for Youth states on their website that a safe-space is "A place where anyone can relax and be fully self-expressed, without fear of being made to feel uncomfortable, unwelcome or challenged on account of biological sex, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, cultural background, age, or physical or mental ability; a place where the rules guard each person's self-respect, dignity and feelings and strongly encourage everyone to respect others."[16] However, some people consider safe space culture as a violation of the First Amendment and a mechanism for retreating from opinions which contrast with one's own.[17]
In general, these may be individuals or institutions which support a safe space for LGBT students and employees. They may offer or mandate staff training on diversity, include being a safe space in the organization's mission statement, develop and post a value statement in the organization's office, online, or on printed documents, or, if part of a coalition, encourage the coalition to include being a safe space in its mission and values.[18]
Criticism[edit]
The idea of safe spaces has been criticized on the grounds that it stifles freedom of speech.[19][20][21]
Writing for The New York Times in 2015, journalist Judith Shulevitz distinguished between meetings where participants mutually consent to provide a safe space, and attempts to make entire dormitories or student newspapers safe spaces. According to Shulevitz, the latter is a logical consequence of the former: "Once you designate some spaces as safe, you imply that the rest are unsafe. It follows that they should be made safer." She gave the example of a safe space at Brown University, when libertarian Wendy McElroy, who was known for criticizing the term "rape culture" was invited to give a speech: "The safe space ... was intended to give people who might find comments 'troubling' or 'triggering,' a place to recuperate. The room was equipped with cookies, coloring books, bubbles, Play-Doh, calming music, pillows, blankets and a video of frolicking puppies, as well as students and staff members trained to deal with trauma."[22] Critics accused the college of infantilizing the students.[23][24][25]
In 2015, journalist Conor Friedersdorf criticized the use of outdoor safe spaces to block press coverage of student protests. According to Friedersdorf, such uses reverse the intent of safe spaces: "This behavior is a kind of safe-baiting: using intimidation or initiating physical aggression to violate someone's rights, then acting like your target is making you unsafe."[26]
Milo Yiannopoulos, a conservative-libertarian British journalist and public speaker, has repeatedly spoken out against safe spaces, citing their threat to freedom of speech and restriction of education.[27] His views are closely supported by other conservative speakers such as Christina Hoff Sommers[28] and Steven Crowder.[29]
Not all criticism has come from social conservatives. In 2016, British actor and writer Stephen Fry has criticised safe spaces and trigger warnings as infantilising students and possibly eroding free speech.[30] Frank Furedi of the Los Angeles Times and Candace Russell of HuffPost have similarly stated that safe spaces contribute to echo chambers surrounded by like minded people, insulating those inside said chambers from hostile or negative speech.[31][32] The Atlantic reported in 2016 that safe spaces were considered by some as re-segregation.[33]
In popular culture[edit]
"Safe Space", a 2015 episode of the animated comedy series South Park, lampooned the concept of safe-spaces.[34]
The country duo of Chad Prather and Steve "Mudflap" McGrew turned the 1990 Garth Brooks song "Friends in Low Places" into "Friends in Safe Spaces," which lampooned the practice.
The term safe space has been used for a supervised injection facility, a safe place where heroin users could get high[35]
See also[edit]
LGBT portal
Autonomous space
Microaggression theory
Straight ally
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Nicole Christine Raeburn (2004). Changing Corporate America from Inside Out: Lesbian and Gay Workplace Rights. University of Minnesota Press. p. 209. ISBN 978-0-8166-3998-4.
Jump up ^ Waldman, Katy (2016-09-05). "What science can tell us about trigger warnings". Slate. Retrieved 2016-09-10.
Jump up ^ Amenabar, Teddy (19 May 2016). "The New Vocabulary of Protest". The Washington Post. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
Jump up ^ The Safe Space Program Alcatel lucent, n.d., acceessed 11 Nov 2017
^ Jump up to: a b "Muslim 'safe space' plan sparks row in Australia". BBC News. 2017-06-08. Retrieved 2017-06-11.
Jump up ^ "Vic Islamic Council funding under review". NewsComAu. Retrieved 2017-06-11.
Jump up ^ Office of Student Life. "Positive Space Campaign". University of Toronto. Retrieved 18 June 2011.
Jump up ^ Queen's Positive Space Program. "The Queen's Positive Space Program". Queen's University. Retrieved 18 June 2011.
Jump up ^ Positive Space. "The Positive Space Campaign". University of British Columbia. Retrieved 18 June 2011.
Jump up ^ Safe Campus. "Safe Campus". University of Western Ontario. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Dunt, Ian (6 February 2015). "Safe space or free speech? The crisis around debate at UK universities". The Guardian.
Jump up ^ Mann, Sebastian (5 April 2016). "Student 'violated university safe space rule... by raising her arm at a meeting'". London Evening Standard. Retrieved 9 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Hughes, Laura (14 September 2016). "Theresa May hits out at universities 'safe spaces' for stifling free speech". The Telegraph. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
Jump up ^ Kenney, Moira Rachel (2001). Mapping Gay L.A.: The Intersection of Place and Politics. p. 24. ISBN 1-56639-884-3.
Jump up ^ Raeburn, Nicole C. (2004). Changing Corporate America from Inside Out: Lesbian and Gay Workplace Rights. p. 209. ISBN 0-8166-3999-X.
Jump up ^ "Glossary". Advocates for Youth. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
Jump up ^ volanteonline (19 September 2016). "Safe spaces disrupt the First Amendment".
Jump up ^ "Tips and Strategies for Creating a Safe Space for GLBTQ Youth". Advocates for Youth. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "Safe spaces are not the only threat to free speech". The Guardian. 16 September 2016.
Jump up ^ "Stephen Fry: Campus Safe Spaces Are Stupid and Infantile". 12 April 2016.
Jump up ^ "The tyranny of safe spaces". Retrieved 26 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Shulevitz, Judith (March 21, 2015). "In College and Hiding From Scary Ideas". Op-ed. The New York Times. Retrieved December 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bigelow, William (March 23, 2015). "'Infantilized' College Students Need 'Safe Spaces' to Avoid Scary Free Speech". Breitbart.
Jump up ^ Soave, Robby (March 22, 2015). "Students Are Literally 'Hiding from Scary Ideas,' Or Why My Mom's Nursery School Is Edgier Than College". Reason.
Jump up ^ Nordlinger, Jay (November 30, 2015). "Underground at Brown". National Review.
Jump up ^ Friedersdorf, Conor (November 10, 2015). "Campus Activists Weaponize 'Safe Space'". Politics. The Atlantic. Retrieved December 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ The Triggering: Has Political Correctness Gone Too Far? on YouTube (April 25, 2016)
Jump up ^ Arnold, Tyler (October 14, 2016). "Safe spaces a 'recipe for fanaticism,' Hoff Sommers claims". Campus Reform.
Jump up ^ Howerton, Jason (April 26, 2016). "Comedian Steven Crowder Dishes Out Brutal, Nearly 5-Minute ‘Reality Check’ to ‘Social Justice Warriors’ When They Interrupt Event". TheBlaze.
Jump up ^ George, Bowden (11 April 2016). "Stephen Fry Speaks About Erosion Of 'Free Speech' On Student Campuses In Controversial Rubin Report Interview". HuffPost. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
Jump up ^ Furedi, Frank (2017-01-05). "Campuses are breaking apart into 'safe spaces'". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2017-04-27.
Jump up ^ Russell, Candice (2015-04-13). "Safe Spaces and Echo Chambers, How Progressive Movements Stagnate Themselves". HuffPost. Retrieved 2017-04-27.
Jump up ^ Emily DeRuyThe Fine Line Between Safe Space and Segregation The Atlantic, Aug 17, 2016
Jump up ^ Caffrey, Dan (October 22, 2015). "The cake metaphor comes back on another solid episode of South Park". The A.V. Club.
Jump up ^ Martha Bebinger Boston’s Safe Space for Heroin Users The Atlantic Mar 4, 2016
External links[edit]
"Creating Safe Space for GLBTQ Youth: A Toolkit", AdvocatesforYouth.org.
"In Defense of the Safe Space Movement", The New Unionism Network, safe.space.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Safe-space&oldid=813093248"
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text:
2018 Commonwealth Games closing ceremony
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Part of a series on
2018 Commonwealth Games[show]
Bids
Venues (Athletes' Village)
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Opening ceremony (Parade of Nations)
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The closing ceremony for the 2018 Commonwealth Games was held at Carrara Stadium in the Gold Coast, Australia, between 20:30 and 22:30 AEST, on 15 April 2018. Tickets for the ceremony started at 100 Australian dollars with half price tickets available for children.
Contents
[hide]
1 Program
2 Dignitaries in attendance
3 Criticism and controversy
4 See also
5 References
Program[edit]
Closing Ceremony of the 2018 Commonwealth Games 01
Lady Sanity performed during the Birmingham 2022 presentation: "Go The Distance".[1]
The Wiggles performed during the closing ceremony.
Australian recording artists such as Amy Shark, Anthony Callea, Dami Im, Deborah Conway, Guy Sebastian, Kate Ceberano, Ricki-Lee Coulter, Samantha Jade and The Veronicas performed at the ceremony.[2][3]
Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, declared the Games closed and passed the Commonwealth Games flag to Birmingham, England which will host the 2022 Games.[4]
Dignitaries in attendance[edit]
Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex - Vice Patron of the Commonwealth Games Federation
Louise Martin - President of the Commonwealth Games Federation
Annastacia Palaszczuk - Premier of Queensland[5]
Anne Underwood - Lord Mayor of Birmingham[6]
Criticism and controversy[edit]
The closing ceremony was heavily criticised on social media and by the public for various reasons.
The organisers had decided that the athletes would enter the arena during the pre-show, before the ceremony began, which is not broadcast and played only on the big screen within the venue to entertain the crowds. Traditionally athletes would enter during the television broadcast, and on this occasion the organisers made a change.[7][8][9] The television broadcast focused exclusively on the performances/speeches with few images of the athletes; whose celebration traditionally forms a larger focus of the closing ceremony.
It was also criticised dragging on for too long as well as being branded as an 'Australian Idol reunion' as Ricki-Lee, Anthony Callea and Guy Sebastian performed together and it was reported that halfway during the ceremony, many of the athletes and spectators had left the stadium.[10][11][12][13]
See also[edit]
Commonwealth Games portal
2010s portal
Gold Coast portal
Queensland portal
Australia portal
2018 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony
2006 Commonwealth Games closing ceremony
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Elkes, Neil (2018-04-09). "Birmingham and ELO song to star at Commonwealth Games handover". birminghammail. Retrieved 2018-04-14.
Jump up ^ "Commonwealth Games closing ceremony 2018: All you need to know". Mail Online. Retrieved 2018-04-14.
Jump up ^ "Commonwealth Games 2018: Closing ceremony line-up revealed". The New Daily. 2018-04-13. Retrieved 2018-04-14.
Jump up ^ https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1063985/prince-edward-declares-gold-coast-2018-closed-as-flag-passed-to-birmingham-in-ordinary-closing-ceremony
Jump up ^ "Commonwealth Games 2018: Premier Annastacia Palaszczuk will speak at closing ceremony". Courier Mail. Archived from the original on 12 September 2018.
Jump up ^ Kowalewski, Kris. "Lord Mayor visiting Australia to build Commonwealth bridges". www.birmingham.gov.uk. Retrieved 2018-04-25.
Jump up ^ "Commonwealth Games closing ceremony: Organisers admit they 'stuffed up' as Channel Seven hosts open fire - Commonwealth Games 2018 - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)
Jump up ^ http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-04-15/channel-seven-rip-into-commonwealth-games-closing-ceremony/9661088
Jump up ^ "Commonwealth Games closing ceremony: Peter Beattie apologises for debacle". Guardian. 14 April 2018. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "James Weir recaps the Commonwealth Games Closing Ceremony". NewsComAu. Retrieved 2018-04-15.
Jump up ^ "Commonwealth Games 2018: Closing ceremony slammed by viewers". Sporting News. 2018-04-15. Retrieved 2018-04-15.
Jump up ^ "Closing ceremony branded a 'disgrace' after athletes not included in broadcast". www.9news.com.au. Retrieved 2018-04-15.
Jump up ^ "Athletes walk out of 'dull' Commonwealth Games ceremony". Mail Online. Retrieved 2018-04-15.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2018_Commonwealth_Games_closing_ceremony&oldid=841830866"
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