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Americas
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For other uses, see America (disambiguation).
The Americas
Area
42,549,000 km2
(16,428,000 sq mi)
Population
1,001,559,000 (2016 estimate)
GDP (nominal)
$24.6 trillion (2016 estimate)
GDP per capita
$25,229 (2015)[1]
HDI
0.736[2]
Demonym
American,[3] New Worlder[4] (see usage)
Countries
35
Largest cities
Largest metropolitan areas
Largest cities
List[show]
1.São Paulo
2.Lima
3.Mexico City
4.New York City
5.Bogotá
6.Rio de Janeiro
7.Santiago
8.Los Angeles
9.Caracas
10.Buenos Aires
CIA political map of the Americas in Lambert azimuthal equal-area projection
The Americas (also collectively called America)[5][6][7] comprise the totality of the continents of North and South America.[8][9][10] Together, they make up most of the land in Earth's western hemisphere[11][12][13][14][15][16] and comprise the New World.
Along with their associated islands, they cover 8% of Earth's total surface area and 28.4% of its land area. The topography is dominated by the American Cordillera, a long chain of mountains that runs the length of the west coast. The flatter eastern side of the Americas is dominated by large river basins, such as the Amazon, St. Lawrence River / Great Lakes basin, Mississippi, and La Plata. Since the Americas extend 14,000 km (8,700 mi) from north to south, the climate and ecology vary widely, from the arctic tundra of Northern Canada, Greenland, and Alaska, to the tropical rain forests in Central America and South America.
Humans first settled the Americas from Asia between 42,000 and 17,000 years ago. A second migration of Na-Dene speakers followed later from Asia. The subsequent migration of the Inuit into the neoarctic around 3500 BCE completed what is generally regarded as the settlement by the indigenous peoples of the Americas.
The first known European settlement in the Americas was by the Norse explorer Leif Ericson.[17] However, the colonization never became permanent and was later abandoned. The voyages of Christopher Columbus from 1492 to 1502 resulted in permanent contact with European (and subsequently, other Old World) powers, which led to the Columbian exchange. Diseases introduced from Europe and West Africa devastated the indigenous peoples, and the European powers colonized the Americas.[18] Mass emigration from Europe, including large numbers of indentured servants, and importation of African slaves largely replaced the indigenous peoples.
Decolonization of the Americas began with the American Revolution in 1776 and Haitian Revolution in 1791. Currently, almost all of the population of the Americas resides in independent countries; however, the legacy of the colonization and settlement by Europeans is that the Americas share many common cultural traits, most notably Christianity and the use of Indo-European languages: primarily Spanish, English, Portuguese, French, and to a lesser extent Dutch.
The population is over 1 billion, with over 65% of them living in one of the three most populous countries (the United States, Brazil, and Mexico). As of the beginning of the 2010s, the most populous urban agglomerations are Mexico City (Mexico), New York (U.S.), Sao Paulo (Brazil), Los Angeles (U.S.), Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), all of them megacities (metropolitan areas with ten million inhabitants or more).
Contents
[hide]
1 Etymology and naming
2 History
2.1 Settlement
2.2 Pre-Columbian era
2.3 European colonization
3 Geography
3.1 Extent
3.2 Geology
3.3 Topography
3.4 Climate
3.5 Hydrology
3.6 Ecology
4 Countries and territories
5 Demography
5.1 Population
5.2 Largest urban centers
5.3 Ethnology
5.4 Religion
5.5 Languages
6 Terminology
6.1 English
6.2 Spanish
6.3 Portuguese
6.4 French
6.5 Dutch
7 Multinational organizations
8 Economy
9 See also
10 Notes
11 References
12 Further reading
13 External links
Etymology and naming
Main article: Naming of the Americas
America is named after Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci.[19]
The name America was first recorded in 1507. Julian Wilson of Christie's auction house said a two-dimensional globe created by Martin Waldseemüller, the discovery of which was announced on November 7, 2017, was the earliest recorded use of the term. The Library of Congress purchased another version of the map in 2003.[20][dead link] The name was also used (together with the related term Amerigen) in the Cosmographiae Introductio, apparently written by Matthias Ringmann, in reference to South America.[21] It was applied to both North and South America by Gerardus Mercator in 1538. America derives from Americus, the Latin version of Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci's first name. America accorded with the feminine names of Asia, Africa, and Europa.[22]
In modern English, North and South America are generally considered separate continents, and taken together are called the Americas in the plural, parallel to similar situations such as the Carolinas. When conceived as a unitary continent, the form is generally the continent of America in the singular. However, without a clarifying context, singular America in English commonly refers to the United States of America.[7]
In some countries of the world (including France, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Romania, Greece, and the countries of Latin America), America is considered a continent encompassing the North America and South America subcontinents,[23][24] as well as Central America.[25][26][27][28][29]
History
Main article: History of the Americas
Settlement
Further information on theories of Paleo-Indian migration: Models of migration to the New World
Map of early human migrations based on the Out of Africa theory.[30]
The first inhabitants migrated into the Americas from Asia. Habitation sites are known in Alaska and the Yukon from at least 20,000 years ago, with suggested ages of up to 40,000 years.[31][32][33] Beyond that, the specifics of the Paleo-Indian migration to and throughout the Americas, including the dates and routes traveled, are subject to ongoing research and discussion.[34] Widespread habitation of the Americas occurred during the late glacial maximum, from 16,000 to 13,000 years ago.[33][35]
Statue representing the Americas at Palazzo Ferreria, in Valletta, Malta
The traditional theory has been that these early migrants moved into the Beringia land bridge between eastern Siberia and present-day Alaska around 40,000–17,000 years ago,[36] when sea levels were significantly lowered during the Quaternary glaciation.[34][37] These people are believed to have followed herds of now-extinct pleistocene megafauna along ice-free corridors that stretched between the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets.[38] Another route proposed is that, either on foot or using primitive boats, they migrated down the Pacific coast to South America.[39] Evidence of the latter would since have been covered by a sea level rise of hundreds of meters following the last ice age.[40] Both routes may have been taken, although the genetic evidences suggests a single founding population.[41] The micro-satellite diversity and distributions specific to South American Indigenous people indicates that certain populations have been isolated since the initial colonization of the region.[42]
A second migration occurred after the initial peopling of the Americas;[43] Na Dene speakers found predominantly in North American groups at varying genetic rates with the highest frequency found among the Athabaskans at 42% derive from this second wave.[44] Linguists and biologists have reached a similar conclusion based on analysis of Amerindian language groups and ABO blood group system distributions.[43][45][46][47] Then the people of the Arctic small tool tradition a broad cultural entity that developed along the Alaska Peninsula, around Bristol Bay, and on the eastern shores of the Bering Strait around 2,500 BCE (4,500 years ago) moved into North America.[48] The Arctic small tool tradition, a Paleo-Eskimo culture branched off into two cultural variants, including the Pre-Dorset, and the Independence traditions of Greenland.[49] The descendants of the Pre-Dorset cultural group, the Dorset culture was displaced by the final migrants from the Bering sea coast line the ancestors of modern Inuit, the Thule people by 1000 Common Era (CE).[49] Around the same time as the Inuit migrated into Greenland, Viking settlers began arriving in Greenland in 982 and Vinland shortly thereafter, establishing a settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows, near the northernmost tip of Newfoundland.[50] The Viking settlers quickly abandoned Vinland, and disappeared from Greenland by 1500.[51]
Pre-Columbian era
Main article: Pre-Columbian era
Parkin Site, a Mississippian site in Arkansas, circa 1539
Earth Globe from 1602 made by Dutch cartographer Willem Blaeu
The pre-Columbian era incorporates all period subdivisions in the history and prehistory of the Americas before the appearance of significant European influences on the American continents, spanning the time of the original settlement in the Upper Paleolithic to European colonization during the Early Modern period. The term Pre-Columbian is used especially often in the context of the great indigenous civilizations of the Americas, such as those of Mesoamerica (the Olmec, the Toltec, the Teotihuacano, the Zapotec, the Mixtec, the Aztec, and the Maya) and the Andes (Inca, Moche, Muisca, Cañaris).
Many pre-Columbian civilizations established characteristics and hallmarks which included permanent or urban settlements, agriculture, civic and monumental architecture, and complex societal hierarchies. Some of these civilizations had long faded by the time of the first permanent European arrivals (c. late 15th–early 16th centuries), and are known only through archeological investigations. Others were contemporary with this period, and are also known from historical accounts of the time. A few, such as the Maya, had their own written records. However, most Europeans of the time viewed such texts as pagan, and much was destroyed in Christian pyres. Only a few hidden documents remain today, leaving modern historians with glimpses of ancient culture and knowledge.[52]
European colonization
Main article: European colonization of the Americas
Although there had been previous trans-oceanic contact, large-scale European colonization of the Americas began with the first voyage of Christopher Columbus in 1492. The first Spanish settlement in the Americas was La Isabela in northern Hispaniola. This town was abandoned shortly after in favor of Santo Domingo de Guzmán, founded in 1496, the oldest American city of European foundation. This was the base from which the Spanish monarchy administered its new colonies and their expansion. On the continent, Panama City on the Pacific coast of Central America, founded on August 5, 1519, played an important role, being the base for the Spanish conquest of South America. The spread of new diseases brought by Europeans and Africans killed many of the inhabitants of North America and South America,[53][54] with a general population crash of Native Americans occurring in the mid-16th century, often well ahead of European contact.[55] European immigrants were often part of state-sponsored attempts to found colonies in the Americas. Migration continued as people moved to the Americas fleeing religious persecution or seeking economic opportunities. Millions of individuals were forcibly transported to the Americas as slaves, prisoners or indentured servants.
Map showing the dates of independence from European powers. Black signifies areas that are dependent territories or parts of countries with a capital outside the Americas.
Decolonization of the Americas began with the American Revolution and the Haitian Revolution in the late 1700s. This was followed by numerous Latin American wars of independence in the early 1800s. Between 1811 and 1825, Paraguay, Argentina, Chile, Gran Colombia, the United Provinces of Central America, Mexico, Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia gained independence from Spain and Portugal in armed revolutions. After the Dominican Republic won independence from Haiti, it was re-annexed by Spain in 1861, but reclaimed its independence in 1865 at the conclusion of the Dominican Restoration War. The last violent episode of decolonization was the Cuban War of Independence which became the Spanish–American War, which resulted in the independence of Cuba in 1898, and the transfer of sovereignty over Puerto Rico from Spain to the United States.
Peaceful decolonization began with the purchase by the United States of Louisiana from France in 1803, Florida from Spain in 1819, of Alaska from Russia in 1867, and the Danish West Indies from Denmark in 1916. Canada became independent of the United Kingdom, starting with the Balfour Declaration of 1926, Statute of Westminster 1931, and ending with the patriation of the Canadian Constitution in 1982. The Dominion of Newfoundland similarly achieved partial independence under the Balfour Declaration and Statute of Westminster, but was re-absorbed into the United Kingdom in 1934. It was subsequently confederated with Canada in 1949.
The remaining European colonies in the Caribbean began to achieve peaceful independence well after World War II. Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago became independent in 1962, and Guyana and Barbados both achieved independence in 1966. In the 1970s, the Bahamas, Grenada, Dominica, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines all became independent of the United Kingdom, and Suriname became independent of the Netherlands. Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Kitts and Nevis achieved independence from the United Kingdom in the 1980s.
Geography
Further information: Geography of North America and Geography of South America
Satellite photo of the Americas
Extent
The northernmost point of the Americas is Kaffeklubben Island, which is the most northerly point of land on Earth.[56] The southernmost point is the islands of Southern Thule, although they are sometimes considered part of Antarctica.[57] The mainland of the Americas is the world's longest north-to-south landmass. The distance between its two polar extremities, the Boothia Peninsula in northern Canada and Cape Froward in Chilean Patagonia, is roughly 14,000 km (8,700 mi).[58] The mainland's most westerly point is the end of the Seward Peninsula in Alaska; Attu Island, further off the Alaskan coast to the west, is considered the westernmost point of the Americas. Ponta do Seixas in northeastern Brazil forms the easternmost extremity of the mainland,[58] while Nordostrundingen, in Greenland, is the most easterly point of the continental shelf.
Geology
South America broke off from the west of the supercontinent Gondwana around 135 million years ago, forming its own continent.[59] Around 15 million years ago, the collision of the Caribbean Plate and the Pacific Plate resulted in the emergence of a series of volcanoes along the border that created a number of islands. The gaps in the archipelago of Central America filled in with material eroded off North America and South America, plus new land created by continued volcanism. By three million years ago, the continents of North America and South America were linked by the Isthmus of Panama, thereby forming the single landmass of the Americas.[60] The Great American Interchange resulted in many species being spread across the Americas, such as the cougar, porcupine, opossums, armadillos and hummingbirds.[61]
Topography
Aconcagua, in Argentina, is the highest peak in the Americas
The geography of the western Americas is dominated by the American cordillera, with the Andes running along the west coast of South America[62] and the Rocky Mountains and other North American Cordillera ranges running along the western side of North America.[63] The 2,300-kilometer-long (1,400 mi) Appalachian Mountains run along the east coast of North America from Alabama to Newfoundland.[64] North of the Appalachians, the Arctic Cordillera runs along the eastern coast of Canada.[65]
The largest mountain ranges are the Andes and Rocky Mountains. The Sierra Nevada and the Cascade Range reach similar altitudes as the Rocky Mountains, but are significantly smaller. In North America, the greatest number of fourteeners are in the United States, and more specifically in the U.S. state of Colorado. The highest peaks of the Americas are located in the Andes, with Aconcagua of Argentina being the highest; in North America Denali (Mount McKinley) in the U.S. state of Alaska is the tallest.
Between its coastal mountain ranges, North America has vast flat areas. The Interior Plains spread over much of the continent, with low relief.[66] The Canadian Shield covers almost 5 million km² of North America and is generally quite flat.[67] Similarly, the north-east of South America is covered by the flat Amazon Basin.[68] The Brazilian Highlands on the east coast are fairly smooth but show some variations in landform, while farther south the Gran Chaco and Pampas are broad lowlands.[69]
Climate
Climate zones of the Americas in the Köppen climate classification system.
The climate of the Americas varies significantly from region to region. Tropical rainforest climate occurs in the latitudes of the Amazon, American cloud forests, Florida and Darien Gap. In the Rocky Mountains and Andes, dry and continental climates are observed. Often the higher altitudes of these mountains are snow-capped.
Southeastern North America is well known for its occurrence of tornadoes and hurricanes, of which the vast majority of tornadoes occur in the United States' Tornado Alley.[70] Often parts of the Caribbean are exposed to the violent effects of hurricanes. These weather systems are formed by the collision of dry, cool air from Canada and wet, warm air from the Atlantic.
Hydrology
With coastal mountains and interior plains, the Americas have several large river basins that drain the continents. The largest river basin in North America is that of the Mississippi, covering the second largest watershed on the planet.[71] The Mississippi-Missouri river system drains most of 31 states of the U.S., most of the Great Plains, and large areas between the Rocky and Appalachian mountains. This river is the fourth longest in the world and tenth most powerful in the world.
In North America, to the east of the Appalachian Mountains, there are no major rivers but rather a series of rivers and streams that flow east with their terminus in the Atlantic Ocean, such as the Hudson River, Saint John River, and Savannah River. A similar instance arises with central Canadian rivers that drain into Hudson Bay; the largest being the Churchill River. On the west coast of North America, the main rivers are the Colorado River, Columbia River, Yukon River, Fraser River, and Sacramento River.
The Colorado River drains much of the Southern Rockies and parts of the Great Basin and Range Province. The river flows approximately 1,450 miles (2,330 km) into the Gulf of California,[72] during which over time it has carved out natural phenomena such as the Grand Canyon and created phenomena such as the Salton Sea. The Columbia is a large river, 1,243 miles (2,000 km) long, in central western North America and is the most powerful river on the West Coast of the Americas. In the far northwest of North America, the Yukon drains much of the Alaskan peninsula and flows 1,980 miles (3,190 km)[73] from parts of Yukon and the Northwest Territory to the Pacific. Draining to the Arctic Ocean of Canada, the Mackenzie River drains waters from the Arctic Great Lakes of Arctic Canada, as opposed to the Saint-Lawrence River that drains the Great Lakes of Southern Canada into the Atlantic Ocean. The Mackenzie River is the largest in Canada and drains 1,805,200 square kilometers (697,000 sq mi).[74]
The largest river basin in South America is that of the Amazon, which has the highest volume flow of any river on Earth.[75] The second largest watershed of South America is that of the Paraná River, which covers about 2.5 million km².[76]
Ecology
North America and South America began to develop a shared population of flora and fauna around 2.5 million years ago, when continental drift brought the two continents into contact via the Isthmus of Panama. Initially, the exchange of biota was roughly equal, with North American genera migrating into South America in about the same proportions as South American genera migrated into North America. This exchange is known as the Great American Interchange. The exchange became lopsided after roughly a million years, with the total spread of South American genera into North America far more limited in scope than the spread on North American genera into South America.[77]
Countries and territories
See also: List of sovereign states and dependent territories in the Americas
There are 35 sovereign states in the Americas, as well as an autonomous country of Denmark, three overseas departments of France, three overseas collectivities of France,[78] and one uninhabited territory of France, eight overseas territories of the United Kingdom, three constituent countries of the Netherlands, three public bodies of the Netherlands, two unincorporated territories of the United States, and one uninhabited territory of the United States.[79]
Country or territory
Area
(km²)[80]
Population
[note 1]
Pop.
density
(per km²)
Languages (official in bold)
Capital
Anguilla ! Anguilla (United Kingdom) 7001910000000000000♠91 7004134520000000000♠13,452 7002164800000000000♠164.8 English The Valley
Antigua and Barbuda ! Antigua and Barbuda 7002442000000000000♠442 7004862950000000000♠86,295 7002199100000000000♠199.1 Creole,[81] English St. John's
Argentina ! Argentina 7006276689000000000♠2,766,890 7007426695000000000♠42,669,500 7001143000000000000♠14.3 Spanish Buenos Aires
Aruba ! Aruba (Netherlands) 7002180000000000000♠180 7005101484000000000♠101,484 7002594400000000000♠594.4 Papiamentu, Spanish,[82] Dutch Oranjestad
Bahamas ! Bahamas, The 7004139430000000000♠13,943 7005351461000000000♠351,461 7001245000000000000♠24.5 Creole,[83] English Nassau
Barbados ! Barbados 7002430000000000000♠430 7005285000000000000♠285,000 7002595290000000000♠595.3 Bajan,[84] English Bridgetown
Belize ! Belize 7004229660000000000♠22,966 7005349728000000000♠349,728 7001134000000000000♠13.4 Spanish, Kriol, English[85] Belmopan
Bermuda ! Bermuda (United Kingdom) 7001540000000000000♠54 7004642370000000000♠64,237 7003120370000000000♠1,203.7 English Hamilton
Bolivia ! Bolivia 7006109858000000000♠1,098,580 7007100272540000000♠10,027,254 7000840000000000000♠8.4 Spanish and 36 indigenous languages La Paz and Sucre [86]
Bonaire ! Bonaire (Netherlands) 7002294000000000000♠294 7004120930000000000♠12,093 7001411000000000000♠41.1 Papiamentu, Spanish, Dutch[87] Kralendijk
Brazil ! Brazil 7006851487700000000♠8,514,877 7008203106000000000♠203,106,000 7001236000000000000♠23.6 Portuguese Brasília
British Virgin Islands ! British Virgin Islands (United Kingdom) 7002151000000000000♠151 7004295370000000000♠29,537 7002152300000000000♠152.3 English Road Town
Canada ! Canada 7006998467000000000♠9,984,670 7007354275240000000♠35,427,524 7000340000000000000♠3.4 English, French Ottawa
Cayman Islands ! Cayman Islands (United Kingdom) 7002264000000000000♠264 7004554560000000000♠55,456 7002212100000000000♠212.1 English George Town
Chile ! Chile[88] 7005756950000000000♠756,950 7007177730000000000♠17,773,000 7001220000000000000♠22 Spanish Santiago
Clipperton Island ! Clipperton Island (France) 7000600000000000000♠6[89] 5000000000000000000♠0[90] 5000000000000000000♠0.0 Uninhabited —
Colombia ! Colombia 7006113891000000000♠1,138,910 7007477570000000000♠47,757,000 7001400000000000000♠40 Spanish Bogotá
Costa Rica ! Costa Rica 7004511000000000000♠51,100 7006466709600000000♠4,667,096 7001896000000000000♠89.6 Spanish San José
Cuba ! Cuba 7005109886000000000♠109,886 7007111673250000000♠11,167,325 7002102000000000000♠102.0 Spanish Havana
Curacao ! Curaçao (Netherlands) 7002444000000000000♠444 7005150563000000000♠150,563 7002317100000000000♠317.1 Papiamentu, Dutch[87] Willemstad
Dominica ! Dominica 7002751000000000000♠751 7004712930000000000♠71,293 7001892000000000000♠89.2 French Patois, English[91] Roseau
Dominican Republic ! Dominican Republic 7004486710000000000♠48,671 7007103782670000000♠10,378,267 7002207300000000000♠207.3 Spanish Santo Domingo
Ecuador ! Ecuador 7005283560000000000♠283,560 7007158194000000000♠15,819,400 7001538000000000000♠53.8 Spanish, Quechua[92] Quito
El Salvador ! El Salvador 7004210410000000000♠21,041 7006640124000000000♠6,401,240 7002293000000000000♠293.0 Spanish San Salvador
Falkland Islands ! Falkland Islands (United Kingdom)[93] 7004121730000000000♠12,173 7003300000000000000♠3,000 6999260000000000000♠0.26 English Stanley
French Guiana ! French Guiana (France) 7004910000000000000♠91,000 7005237549000000000♠237,549 7000270000000000000♠2.7 French Cayenne
Greenland ! Greenland (Denmark) 7006216608600000000♠2,166,086 7004564830000000000♠56,483 6998260000000000000♠0.026 Greenlandic, Danish Nuuk (Godthåb)
Grenada ! Grenada 7002344000000000000♠344 7005103328000000000♠103,328 7002302300000000000♠302.3 English St. George's
Guadeloupe ! Guadeloupe (France) 7003162800000000000♠1,628 7005405739000000000♠405,739 7002246700000000000♠246.7 French Basse-Terre
Guatemala ! Guatemala 7005108889000000000♠108,889 7007158066750000000♠15,806,675 7002128800000000000♠128.8 Spanish, Garifuna and 23 Mayan languages Guatemala City
Guyana ! Guyana 7005214999000000000♠214,999 7005784894000000000♠784,894 7000350000000000000♠3.5 English Georgetown
Haiti ! Haiti 7004277500000000000♠27,750 7007107456650000000♠10,745,665 7002361500000000000♠361.5 Creole, French Port-au-Prince
Honduras ! Honduras 7005112492000000000♠112,492 7006855507200000000♠8,555,072 7001664000000000000♠66.4 Spanish Tegucigalpa
Jamaica ! Jamaica 7004109910000000000♠10,991 7006271799100000000♠2,717,991 7002247400000000000♠247.4 Patois, English Kingston
Martinique ! Martinique (France) 7003112800000000000♠1,128 7005392291000000000♠392,291 7002352600000000000♠352.6 Patois,[94] French Fort-de-France
Mexico ! Mexico 7006196437500000000♠1,964,375 7008119713203000000♠119,713,203 7001571000000000000♠57.1 Spanish, 68 indigenous languages Mexico City
Montserrat ! Montserrat (United Kingdom) 7002102000000000000♠102 7003492200000000000♠4,922 7001588000000000000♠58.8 Creole English, English[95] Plymouth; Brades[96]
Navassa Island ! Navassa Island (United States) 7000500000000000000♠5[89] 5000000000000000000♠0[90] 5000000000000000000♠0.0 Uninhabited —
Nicaragua ! Nicaragua 7005130373000000000♠130,373 7006607104500000000♠6,071,045 7001441000000000000♠44.1 Spanish Managua
Panama ! Panama 7004754170000000000♠75,417 7006340581300000000♠3,405,813 7001458000000000000♠45.8 Spanish Panama City
Paraguay ! Paraguay 7005406750000000000♠406,750 7006678337400000000♠6,783,374 7001156000000000000♠15.6 Guaraní, Spanish Asunción
Peru ! Peru 7006128522000000000♠1,285,220 7007308141750000000♠30,814,175 7001220000000000000♠22 Spanish, Quechua, Aymara Lima
Puerto Rico ! Puerto Rico (United States) 7003887000000000000♠8,870 7006361508600000000♠3,615,086 7002448900000000000♠448.9 Spanish, English San Juan
Saba ! Saba (Netherlands) 7001130000000000000♠13 7003153700000000000♠1,537[97] 7002118200000000000♠118.2 English, Dutch The Bottom
Saint Barthelemy ! Saint Barthélemy (France) 7001210000000000000♠21[89] 7003893800000000000♠8,938[90] 7002354700000000000♠354.7 French Gustavia
Saint Kitts and Nevis ! Saint Kitts and Nevis 7002261000000000000♠261 7004550000000000000♠55,000 7002199200000000000♠199.2 English Basseterre
Saint Lucia ! Saint Lucia 7002539000000000000♠539 7005180000000000000♠180,000 7002319100000000000♠319.1 English, French Creole Castries
Saint Martin ! Saint Martin (France) 7001540000000000000♠54[89] 7004369790000000000♠36,979 7002552200000000000♠552.2 French Marigot
Saint Pierre and Miquelon ! Saint Pierre and Miquelon (France) 7002242000000000000♠242 7003608100000000000♠6,081 7001248000000000000♠24.8 French Saint-Pierre
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ! Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 7002389000000000000♠389 7005109000000000000♠109,000 7002280200000000000♠280.2 English Kingstown
Sint Eustatius ! Sint Eustatius (Netherlands) 7001210000000000000♠21 7003273900000000000♠2,739[97] 7002130400000000000♠130.4 Dutch, English Oranjestad
Sint Maarten ! Sint Maarten (Netherlands) 7001340000000000000♠34 7004374290000000000♠37,429 7003117670000000000♠1,176.7 English, Spanish, Dutch Philipsburg
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands ! South Georgia and
South Sandwich Islands (UK)[98] 7003309300000000000♠3,093 7001200000000000000♠20 6998100000000000000♠0.01 English Grytviken
Suriname ! Suriname 7005163270000000000♠163,270 7005534189000000000♠534,189 7000300000000000000♠3 Dutch and others[99] Paramaribo
Trinidad and Tobago ! Trinidad and Tobago 7003513000000000000♠5,130 7006132801900000000♠1,328,019 7002261000000000000♠261.0 English Port of Spain
Turks and Caicos Islands ! Turks and Caicos Islands (UK) 7002948000000000000♠948 7004314580000000000♠31,458 7001348009999900000♠34.8 Creole English, English[100] Cockburn Town
United States ! United States[note 2] 7006962909100000000♠9,629,091 7008320206000000000♠320,206,000 7001342000000000000♠34.2 English, Spanish Washington, D.C.
U.S. Virgin Islands ! U.S. Virgin Islands (United States) 7002347000000000000♠347 7005106405000000000♠106,405 7002317000000000000♠317.0 English, Spanish Charlotte Amalie
Uruguay ! Uruguay 7005176220000000000♠176,220 7006328631400000000♠3,286,314 7001194009999900000♠19.4 Spanish Montevideo
Venezuela ! Venezuela 7005916445000000000♠916,445 7007302063070000000♠30,206,307 7001302000000000000♠30.2 Spanish and 40 indigenous languages Caracas
Total
7007423209850000000♠42,320,985 7008973186925000000♠973,186,925 7001219000000000000♠21.9
Demography
Population
Further information: List of countries in the Americas by population
The total population of the Americas is about 951 million people and is divided as follows:[citation needed]
North America: 565 million (includes Central America and the Caribbean)
South America: 386 million
Largest urban centers
See also: Largest cities in the Americas and List of metropolitan areas in the Americas by population
There are three urban centers that each hold titles for being the largest population area based on the three main demographic concepts:[101]
City proper
A city proper is the locality with legally fixed boundaries and an administratively recognized urban status that is usually characterized by some form of local government.[102][103][104][105][106]
Urban area
An urban area is characterized by higher population density and vast human features in comparison to areas surrounding it. Urban areas may be cities, towns or conurbations, but the term is not commonly extended to rural settlements such as villages and hamlets. Urban areas are created and further developed by the process of urbanization and do not include large swaths of rural land, as do metropolitan areas.
Metropolitan area
Unlike an urban area, a metropolitan area includes not only the urban area, but also satellite cities plus intervening rural land that is socio-economically connected to the urban core city, typically by employment ties through commuting, with the urban core city being the primary labor market.
In accordance with these definitions, the three largest population centers in the Americas are: Mexico City, anchor to the largest metropolitan area in the Americas; New York City, anchor to the largest urban area in the Americas; and São Paulo, the largest city proper in the Americas. All three cities maintain Alpha classification and large scale influence. Mexico City is the largest city in the Americas and the Western Hemisphere and Northern Hemisphere.
Urban centers within the Americas
Mexico City – The largest metropolitan area in the Americas, with a population of 22,300,000 in 2017.
São Paulo – Largest city with a population of 12,038,175(city) in 2016.
New York City – Largest urban area in the Americas, with a population of 18,351,295 in 2010.
Country
City
City Population
Metro Area Population
Mexico Mexico City 8,864,000[107] 22,300,000[108]
Brazil São Paulo 12,038,175[109] 21,742, 939[110]
United States New York City 8,405,837[111] 19,949,502[112]
Argentina Buenos Aires 2,776,138[113] 15,024,000[114]
United States Los Angeles 3,928,864[115] 13,131,431[116]
Ethnology
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The population of the Americas is made up of the descendants of four large ethnic groups and their combinations.
The Indigenous peoples of the Americas, being Amerindians, Inuit, and Aleuts.
Those of European ancestry, mainly Spanish, British and Irish, Portuguese, German, Italian, French, Polish, Dutch, Russians and Scandinavians.
Those of African ancestry, mainly of West African descent.
Asians, that is, those of Eastern, South, and Southeast Asian ancestry.
Mestizos (Metis people in Canada), those of mixed European and Amerindian ancestry.
Mulattoes, people of mixed African and European ancestry.
Zambos (Spanish) or Cafusos (Portuguese), those of mixed African and Amerindian ancestry.
The majority of the population live in Latin America, named for its predominant cultures, rooted in Latin Europe (including the two dominant languages, Spanish and Portuguese, both Romance languages), more specifically in the Iberian nations of Portugal and Spain (hence the use of the term Ibero-America as a synonym). Latin America is typically contrasted with Anglo-America, where English, a Germanic language, is prevalent, and which comprises Canada (with the exception of francophone Canada rooted in Latin Europe [France]—see Québec and Acadia) and the United States. Both countries are located in North America, with cultures deriving predominantly from Anglo-Saxon and other Germanic roots.
Religion
Further information: Religion in Latin America, Religion in North America, Christianity in the Americas, and Islam in the Americas
The most prevalent faiths in the Americas are as follows:
Christianity (86 percent)[117]
Roman Catholicism: Practiced by 69 percent[118] of the Latin American population, 81 percent[118] in Mexico and 61 percent[118] in Brazil whose Roman Catholic population of 123 million is the greatest of any nation's; approximately 24 percent of the United States' population[119] and about 39 percent of Canada's.[120]
Protestantism: Practiced mostly in the United States, where half of the population are Protestant, Canada, with slightly more than a quarter of the population, and Greenland; there is a growing contingent of Evangelical and Pentecostal movements in predominantly Catholic Latin America.[121]
Eastern Orthodoxy: Found mostly in the United States (1 percent) and Canada; this Christian group is growing faster than many other Christian groups in Canada and now represents roughly 3 percent of the Canadian population.[120]
Non-denominational Christians and other Christians (some 1,000 different Christian denominations and sects practiced in the Americas).
Irreligion: About 12 percent, including atheists and agnostics, as well as those who profess some form of spirituality but do not identify themselves as members of any organized religion)
Islam: Together, Muslims constitute about 1 percent of the North American population and 0.3 percent of all Latin Americans. It is practiced by 3 percent [120] of Canadians and 0.6 percent of the U.S. population.[119] Argentina has the largest Muslim population in Latin America with up to 600,000 persons, or 1.9 percent of the population.[122]
Judaism (practiced by 2 percent of North Americans—approximately 2.5 percent of the U.S. population and 1.2 percent of Canadians[123]—and 0.23 percent of Latin Americans—Argentina has the largest Jewish population in Latin America with 200,000 members)[124]
Other faiths include Buddhism; Hinduism; Sikhism; Bahá'í Faith; a wide variety of indigenous religions, many of which can be categorized as animistic; new age religions and many African and African-derived religions. Syncretic faiths can also be found throughout the Americas.
Religious Demographics According to 2010 censuses/estimates in each country
Country
Christians
Catholics
Protestants
None/Atheists/Agnostics
Others
Argentina[125] 86.2% 76.5% 09.7% 11.3% 02.5%
Bolivia 95.3% 73.7% 21.6% 03.7% 01.0%
Brazil[126] 86.8% 64.6% 22.2% 08.4% 04.8%
Canada[120] 62.6% 38.7% 23.9% 28.5% 08.9%
Chile[127] 76.0% 60.0% 16.0% 21.0% 03.0%
Colombia[128] 93.9% 80.3% 13.6% 05.2% 01.7%
Costa Rica[129] 84.3% 70.5% 13.8% 11.3% 04.3%
Dominican Republic[130] 87.1% 68.3% 18.8% 10.6% 02.2%
Ecuador[131] 95.6% 87.8% 07.7% 03.5% 01.0%
El Salvador[132] 75.5% 45.8% 29.7% 24.3% 01.2%
Guatemala[133] 79.3% 47.6% 31.7% 18.3% 02.4%
Honduras[134] 83.0% 47.9% 35.1% 14.3% 02.7%
Mexico[135] 92.2% 82.7% 08.7% 04.9% 02.9%
Nicaragua[136] 81.1% 54.3% 26.8% 16.8% 02.1%
Panama 90.0% 75.0% 15.0% 07.0% 03.0%
Paraguay 96.8% 90.4% 06.4% 01.4% 01.8%
Peru[137] 96.7% 81.3% 12.5% 01.9% 01.4%
Uruguay[138] 58.2% 47.1% 11.1% 40.4% 1.5%
United States[139] 79.9% 25.9% 54.0% 15.2% 05.0%
Venezuela[140] 89.0% 72.0% 17.0% 08.0% 03.0%
Languages
Main articles: Indigenous languages of the Americas, Languages of North America, and Languages of South America
Languages spoken in the Americas
Various languages are spoken in the Americas. Some are of European origin, others are spoken by indigenous peoples or are the mixture of various idioms like the different creoles.
The most widely spoken language in the Americas is Spanish.[141] The dominant language of Latin America is Spanish, though the most populous nation in Latin America, Brazil, speaks Portuguese. Small enclaves of French-, Dutch- and English-speaking regions also exist in Latin America, notably in French Guiana, Suriname, and Belize and Guyana respectively. Haitian Creole is dominant in the nation of Haiti, where French is also spoken. Native languages are more prominent in Latin America than in Anglo-America, with Nahuatl, Quechua, Aymara and Guaraní as the most common. Various other native languages are spoken with less frequency across both Anglo-America and Latin America. Creole languages other than Haitian Creole are also spoken in parts of Latin America.
The dominant language of Anglo-America is English. French is also official in Canada, where it is the predominant language in Quebec and an official language in New Brunswick along with English. It is also an important language in Louisiana, and in parts of New Hampshire, Maine, and Vermont. Spanish has kept an ongoing presence in the Southwestern United States, which formed part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, especially in California and New Mexico, where a distinct variety of Spanish spoken since the 17th century has survived. It has more recently become widely spoken in other parts of the United States because of heavy immigration from Latin America. High levels of immigration in general have brought great linguistic diversity to Anglo-America, with over 300 languages known to be spoken in the United States alone, but most languages are spoken only in small enclaves and by relatively small immigrant groups.
The nations of Guyana, Suriname, and Belize are generally considered[by whom?] not to fall into either Anglo-America or Latin America because of their language differences from Latin America, geographic differences from Anglo-America, and cultural and historical differences from both regions; English is the primary language of Guyana and Belize, and Dutch is the primary language of Suriname.
Most of the non-native languages have, to different degrees, evolved differently from the mother country, but are usually still mutually intelligible. Some have combined, however, which has even resulted in completely new languages, such as Papiamento, which is a combination of Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch (representing the respective colonizers), native Arawak, various African languages, and, more recently English. The lingua franca Portuñol, a mixture of Portuguese and Spanish, is spoken in the border regions of Brazil and neighboring Spanish-speaking countries.[142] More specifically, Riverense Portuñol is spoken by around 100,000 people in the border regions of Brazil and Uruguay. Because of immigration, there are many communities where other languages are spoken from all parts of the world, especially in the United States, Brazil, Argentina, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica and Uruguay—very important destinations for immigrants.[143][144][145]
Terminology
Subdivisions of the Americas
Map
Legend
North America (NA)
South America (SA)
May be included in
either NA or SA
North America (NA)
May be included in NA
Central America
Caribbean
South America
North America (NA)
May be included in NA
Northern America
Middle America (MA)
Caribbean (may be
included in MA)
South America (SA)
May be included
in MA or SA
Anglo-America (A-A)
May be included in A-A
Latin America (LA)
May be included in LA
Further information: Americas (terminology)
English
Main article: American (word)
Speakers of English generally refer to the landmasses of North America and South America as the Americas, the Western Hemisphere, or the New World.[146] The adjective American may be used to indicate something pertains to the Americas,[3] but this term is primarily used in English to indicate something pertaining to the United States.[3][147][148] Some non-ambiguous alternatives exist, such as the adjective Pan-American,[149] or New Worlder as a demonym for a resident of the closely related New World.[4] Use of America in the hemispherical sense is sometimes retained, or can occur when translated from other languages.[150] For example, the Association of National Olympic Committees (ANOC) in Paris maintains a single continental association for "America", represented by one of the five Olympic rings.[151]
American linguist H.L. Mencken said, " The Latin-Americans use Norteamericano in formal writing, but, save in Panama, prefer nicknames in colloquial speech."[152] To avoid "American" one can use constructed terms in their languages derived from "United States" or even "North America".[148][153][154] In Canada, its southern neighbor is often referred to as "the United States", "the U.S.A.", or (informally) "the States", while U.S. citizens are generally referred to as "Americans".[148] Most Canadians resent being referred to as "Americans".[148]
Spanish
In Spanish, América is a single continent composed of the subcontinents of América del Sur and América del Norte, the land bridge of América Central, and the islands of the Antillas. Americano or americana in Spanish refers to a person from América in a similar way that europeo or europea refers to a person from Europa. The terms sudamericano/a, centroamericano/a, antillano/a and norteamericano/a can be used to more specifically refer to the location where a person may live.
Citizens of the United States of America are normally referred to by the term estadounidense (rough literal translation: "United Statesian") instead of americano or americana which is discouraged,[155][156] and the country's name itself is officially translated as Estados Unidos de América (United States of America), commonly abbreviated as Estados Unidos (EEUU).[156] Also, the term norteamericano (North American) may refer to a citizen of the United States. This term is primarily used to refer to citizens of the United States, and less commonly to those of other North American countries.[155]
Portuguese
In Portuguese, América[157] is a single continent composed of América do Sul (South America), América Central (Central America) and América do Norte (North America).[158] It can be ambiguous, as América can be used to refer to the United States of America, but is avoided in print and formal environments.[159][160]
French
In French the word américain may be used for things relating to the Americas; however, similar to English, it is most often used for things relating to the United States. Panaméricain may be used as an adjective to refer to the Americas without ambiguity.[161] French speakers may use the noun Amérique to refer to the whole landmass as one continent, or two continents, Amérique du Nord and Amérique du Sud. In French, Amérique is also used to refer to the United States, making the term ambiguous. Similar to English usage, les Amériques or des Amériques is used to refer unambiguously to the Americas.
Dutch
In Dutch, the word Amerika mostly refers to the United States.[162][163] Although the United States is equally often referred to as de Verenigde Staten ("the United States") or de VS ("the US"), Amerika relatively rarely refers to the Americas, but it is the only commonly used Dutch word for the Americas. This often leads to ambiguity; and to stress that something concerns the Americas as a whole, Dutch uses a combination, namely Noord- en Zuid-Amerika (North and South America).
Latin America is generally referred to as Latijns Amerika or Midden-Amerika for Central America.
The adjective Amerikaans is most often used for things or people relating to the United States. There are no alternative words to distinguish between things relating to the United States or to the Americas. Dutch uses the local alternative for things relating to elsewhere in the Americas, such as Argentijns for Argentine, etc.
Multinational organizations
The following is a list of multinational organizations in the Americas.
Alliance for Progress
American Capital of Culture
Andean Community of Nations
Association of Caribbean States
Bank of the South
Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas
Caribbean Community
CARICOM Single Market and Economy
Central American Common Market
Central American Parliament
Community of Latin American and Caribbean States
Contadora Group
Free Trade Area of the Americas
Latin American Free Trade Agreement
Latin American Parliament or (Parlatino)
List of Parliamentary Speakers in the Americas in 1984
Mercosur or Mercosul
North American Free Trade Agreement
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Organization of American States
Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States
Organization of Ibero-American States
Pan American Sports Organization
Regional Security System
Rio Group
School of the Americas
Summit of the Americas
Union of South American Nations
YOA Orchestra of the Americas
Economy
Main article: Economy of North America
Main article: Economy of South America
See also: List of North American countries by GDP (nominal) and List of North American countries by GDP (PPP)
See also: List of Latin American and Caribbean countries by GDP (PPP)
Rank
Country
GDP (nominal, Peak Year)
millions of USD [164]
Peak Year
1 United States 20,412,870 2018
2 Brazil 2,613,859 2011
3 Canada 1,842,627 2013
4 Mexico 1,314,390 2014
5 Argentina 642,464 2015
6 Colombia 380,170 2013
7 Venezuela 334,069 2011
8 Chile 280,269 2018
9 Peru 231,567 2018
10 Puerto Rico 105,035 2016
Rank
Country
GDP (PPP, Peak Year)
millions of USD
Peak Year
1 United States 20,412,870 2018
2 Brazil 3,388,962 2018
3 Mexico 2,571,680 2018
4 Canada 1,847,081 2018
5 Argentina 959,528 2018
6 Colombia 750,276 2018
7 Venezuela 554,247 2013
8 Chile 476,815 2018
9 Peru 450,148 2018
10 Cuba 254,865 2015
The U.S. has the fastest-growing economy in the Americas according to a 2016 study conducted by the International Monetary Fund (IMF),[165][166] and has the highest GDP per capita in the Americas as well.[166][165] Countries in the northern part of the Americas tend to have healthier and stronger economies than countries in the southern part of the Americas.[166][165]
In 2016, five to seven countries in the southern part of the Americas had weakening economies in decline, compared to only three countries in the northern part of the Americas.[166][165] Haiti has the lowest GDP per capita in the Americas, although its economy was growing slightly as of 2016.[166][165]
See also
Geography portal
North America portal
South America portal
Amerrique Mountains
British North America
Columbia (name)
Conquistadors
Ethnic groups in Central America
French America
La Merika
List of conflicts in the Americas
List of former sovereign states
Middle America (Americas)
Monarchies in the Americas
New Sweden
Northern America
Pan-Americanism
Southern Cone
Notes
Jump up ^ See List of countries by population for references.
Jump up ^ Includes the states of Hawaii and Alaska which are both separated from the US mainland, with Hawaii is distant from the North American landmass in the Pacific Ocean and therefore more commonly associated with the other territories of Oceania while Alaska is located between Canada and Asia (Russia).
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Jump up ^ "Yukoninfo.com". Yukoninfo.com. Retrieved January 30, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Mackenzie River". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on November 18, 2008. Retrieved September 8, 2014.
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Jump up ^ "Les Collectivités". Ministère des Outre-Mer. Retrieved August 30, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic and other groupings". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. September 20, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2012.
Jump up ^ Unless otherwise noted, land area figures are taken from "Demographic Yearbook—Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density" (PDF). United Nations Statistics Division. 2008. Retrieved October 14, 2010.
Jump up ^ Kras, Sara Louise (2008). Antigua and Barbuda. Marshall Cavendish. p. 95. ISBN 0-7614-2570-5.
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Jump up ^ Lewis, Paul M. (2009). "Languages of Bahamas". Dallas: Ethnologue.
Jump up ^ Paul M. Lewis, ed. (2009). "Languages of Barbados". Dallas: Ethnologue: Languages of the World.
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^ Jump up to: a b "Households by the most spoken language in the household Population and Housing Census 2001". Central Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on October 29, 2012.
Jump up ^ Includes Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean, a Chilean territory frequently reckoned in Oceania. Santiago is the administrative capital of Chile; Valparaíso is the site of legislative meetings.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Land area figures taken from "The World Factbook: 2010 edition". Government of the United States, Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved October 14, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c These population estimates are for 2010, and are taken from "The World Factbook: 2010 edition". Government of the United States, Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved October 14, 2010.
Jump up ^ Paul M. Lewis; M. Paul, eds. (2009). "Languages of Dominica". Dallas: Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Retrieved August 30, 2012.
Jump up ^ Levinson, David (1998). Ethnic Groups Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 347. ISBN 1-57356-019-7.
Jump up ^ Claimed by Argentina.
Jump up ^ Paul M. Lewis, ed. (2009). "Languages of Martinique". Dallas: Ethnologue.
Jump up ^ Paul M. Lewis, ed. (2009). "Languages of Montserrat". Dallas: Ethnologue.
Jump up ^ Ongoing activity of the Soufriere Hills volcano beginning in July 1995 destroyed much of Plymouth; government offices were relocated to Brades. Plymouth remains the de jure capital.
^ Jump up to: a b Population estimates are taken from the Central Bureau of Statistics Netherlands Antilles. "Statistical information: Population". Government of the Netherlands Antilles. Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved October 14, 2010.
Jump up ^ Claimed by Argentina; the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands in the South Atlantic Ocean are commonly associated with Antarctica (for its proximity) and have no permanent population, only hosting a periodic contingent of about 100 researchers and visitors.
Jump up ^ Lewis, Paul (2009). "Languages of Suriname". Dallas, Texas: Ethnologue.
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Jump up ^ Demographic Yearbook 2005, Volume 57. United Nations. 2008. p. 756. ISBN 92-1-051099-2. Retrieved July 19, 2010.
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Jump up ^ "Mexico City Population 2013". World Population Statistics. World Population Statistics. Retrieved September 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Proyecciones de la población de las zonas metropolitanas, 2010–2030" (in Spanish). Consejo Nacional de Población (CONAPO). Retrieved January 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Sao Paulo Population 2013". World Population Statistics. World Population Statistics. Retrieved September 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Cidade de São Paulo chega a 12 milhões de habitantes" (in Portuguese). Estadao. Retrieved August 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ "New York City Population Hits Record High". The Wall Street Journal. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2013 – United States -- Metropolitan Statistical Area; and for Puerto Rico". Census Bureau. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 15, 2014. Retrieved September 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ "WebINDEC – Población / Censos / Censo 2010". Archived from the original on December 20, 2010.
Jump up ^ "World Urbanization Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". un.org.
Jump up ^ 1 Million Milestone US Census Bureau
Jump up ^ Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). "American FactFinder – Results". census.gov. Archived from the original on August 15, 2014. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
Jump up ^ "Global Christianity". Pew.
^ Jump up to: a b c "2014 Religion in Latin America". Retrieved November 16, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "United States". CIA World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. November 16, 2010. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Religions in Canada—Census 2011". Statistics Canada/Statistique Canada.
Jump up ^ "The World Today – Catholics faced with rise in Protestantism". Australia: ABC. April 19, 2005. Retrieved October 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Argentina". International Religious Freedom Report. U.S. Department of State. 2006. Retrieved September 1, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Canadian Jewry Today: Portrait of a Community in the Process of Change – Ira Robinson". Jcpa.org. Retrieved October 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ Segal, Naomi. "First Planeload of Jews Fleeing Argentina Arrives in Israel". Ujc.org. Archived from the original on February 1, 2008. Retrieved October 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ Primera Encuesta sobre Creencias y Actitudes Religiosas en Argentina
Jump up ^ "Cor ou Raça" (PDF). Censo Demográfico 2010: Características gerais da população, religião e pessoas com deficiência. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. 2010. Retrieved October 5, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Encuesta - 2015" (PDF) (in Spanish). Plaza Publica Cadem. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Colombia". Vanderbilt.edu. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Las religiones en tiempos del Papa Francisco" (in Spanish). Latinobarómetro. April 2014. p. 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 10, 2015. Retrieved April 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "2010 Report on International Religious Freedom – Dominican Republic". UNHCR. 17 November 2010. Retrieved 30 March 2011.
Jump up ^ (in Spanish) El 80% de ecuatorianos es católico
Jump up ^ CID Gallup Poll Latinoamerica Archived 2016-03-07 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Public Opinion Polls on Religious Affiliation in Guatemala.
Jump up ^ Religion in Honduras - CID Gallup Poll 2007 US. State
Jump up ^ inegi.org.mx Religiones 2010.pdf Archived October 21, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "CONELA/PRLADES - 2010 - Nicaragua" (PDF).
Jump up ^ Dirección Técnica de Demografía y Estudios Sociales y Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo del INEI (original dead link: http://www.inei.gob.pe/Anexos/libro.pdf)
Jump up ^ "Encuesta Nacional de Hogares Amplidada - 2006" (PDF). National Institute of Statistics (in Spanish). INHA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Carolyn Stewart, ACSD. "Religion - Publications - US Census Bureau". Archived from the original on May 8, 1999.
Jump up ^ "Informe sociográfico sobre la religión en Venezuela" (PDF).
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Jump up ^ Lipski, John M. (2006). Timothy L. Face; Carol A. Klee), eds. "Too Close for Comfort? The Genesis of "Portuñol/Portunhol"". Selected Proceedings of the 8th Hispanic Linguistics Symposium: 1–22. ISBN 978-1-57473-408-9. Retrieved November 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Juan Bialet Massé en su informe sobre "El estado de las clases obreras en el interior del país" Archived September 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ SOCIAL IDENTITY Marta Fierro Social Psychologist. Archived February 20, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Etnicidad y ciudadanía en América Latina.
Jump up ^ Burchfield, R. W. 2004. Fowler's Modern English Usage. (ISBN 0-19-861021-1) Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; p. 48.
Jump up ^ "American". The American Heritage Dictionary. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Retrieved September 8, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "America." Oxford Guide to Canadian English Usage. (ISBN 0-19-541619-8) Fee, Margery and McAlpine, J., ed., 1997. Toronto: Oxford University Press; p. 36.
Jump up ^ Pan-American – Definition from the Merriam Webster dictionary.
Jump up ^ Reader's Digest Oxford Complete Wordfinder. 1993. (ISBN 0-276-42101-9) New York, USA: Reader's Digest Association; p. 45.
Jump up ^ The Olympic symbols. Archived July 31, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. International Olympic Committee. 2002. Lausanne: Olympic Museum and Studies Centre. The five rings of the Olympic flag represent the five inhabited, participating continents: (Africa, America, Asia, Europe, and Oceania Archived July 31, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.). "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 22, 2011. Retrieved February 4, 2009.
Jump up ^ Mencken, H. L. (December 1947). "Names for Americans". American Speech. American Speech. 22 (4): 241–256. doi:10.2307/486658. JSTOR 486658. quote at p 243.
Jump up ^ "American." The Oxford Companion to the English Language (ISBN 0-19-214183-X); McArthur, Tom, ed., 1992. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 35.
Jump up ^ "Estados Unidos". Diccionario panhispánico de dudas (in Spanish). Real Academia Española. October 2005. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Diccionario panhispánico de dudas:Norteamérica. Real Academia Española. 2005.
^ Jump up to: a b Diccionario panhispánico de dudas: Estados Unidos. Real Academia Española. 2005. "debe evitarse el empleo de americano para referirse exclusivamente a los habitantes de los Estados Unidos" ("the use of the term americano referring exclusively to the United States inhabitants must be avoided")
Jump up ^ "Países da América". Brasil Escola. Retrieved March 29, 2014.
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Jump up ^ aadas.nl/
Jump up ^ geheugenvannederland.nl
Jump up ^ 2017 October WEO database
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^ Jump up to: a b c d e International Monetary Fund (October 2016). "List of North American countries by GDP per capita". World Economic Outlook. International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 2017-10-10. Retrieved February 22, 2017.
Further reading
"Americas". The Columbia Gazetteer of the World Online. 2006. New York: Columbia University Press.
"Americas". Encyclopædia Britannica, 15th ed. 1986. (ISBN 0-85229-434-4) Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Burchfield, R. W. 2004. Fowler's Modern English Usage. ISBN 0-19-861021-1 Oxford University Press.
Churchill, Ward A Little Matter of Genocide 1997 City Lights Books ISBN 0-87286-323-9
Fee, Margery and McAlpine, J. 1997. Oxford Guide to Canadian English Usage. (ISBN 0-19-541619-8) Toronto: Oxford University Press.
Kane, Katie Nits Make Lice: Drogheda, Sand Creek, and the Poetics of Colonial Extermination Cultural Critique, No. 42 (Spring, 1999), pp. 81–103 doi:10.2307/1354592
Pearsall, Judy and Trumble, Bill., ed. 2002. Oxford English Reference Dictionary, 2nd ed. (rev.) (ISBN 0-19-860652-4) Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
What's the difference between North, Latin, Central, Middle, South, Spanish and Anglo America? Geography at about.com.
External links
Look up americas in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to America.
United Nations population data by latest available Census: 2008–2009
Organization of American States
Council on Hemispheric Affairs
Gannett, Henry; Ingersoll, Ernest; Winship, George Parker (1905). "America and others". New International Encyclopedia.
Coordinates: 19°N 96°W / 19°N 96°W / 19; -96
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Slavery in the Americas

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Indian Ocean islands

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Asian Steppe

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Inner Manchuria

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Lower Mesopotamia

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Indonesian Archipelago

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Philippine Archipelago

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Mountain States

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Mangareva Islands

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Antarctic ecozone

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Extreme points of the Antarctic

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Extreme North

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Amirika – Achinese
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Amerikas – Afrikaans
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Amerika – Akan
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values:
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America – Aragonese
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an
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values:
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Awya Yala – Aymara
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ay
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values:
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display: none;

values:
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Amerika – Azerbaijani
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az
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Amirika – Banjar
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bjn
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values:
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Amerika – Central Bikol
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values:
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Amerika – Bislama
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values:
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Amerika – Bavarian
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Amerika – Bosnian
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bs
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values:
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Amerika – Breton
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Amerika – Czech
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cs
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values:
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values:
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Yr Amerig – Welsh
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Amerika – Danish
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values:
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Amerika – German
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de
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values:
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values:
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Amerika – Lower Sorbian
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values:
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Ameerika – Estonian
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interlanguage-link-target

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values:
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display: none;

values:
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Ameriko – Esperanto
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values:
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Amerika – Basque
eu
eu
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values:
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display: none;

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values:
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values:
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values:
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Aameerik – Fulah
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values:
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Amerika – Gagauz
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display: none;

values:
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values:
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Amurka – Hausa
ha
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interlanguage-link-target

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display: none;

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values:
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Amerika – Upper Sorbian
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hsb
interlanguage-link-target

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interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb
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values:
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Amerika – Croatian
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hr
interlanguage-link-target

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interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

values:
https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika
Amerika – Ido
io
io
interlanguage-link-target

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display: none;

values:
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Amerikas – Igbo
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interlanguage-link-target

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values:
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America – Interlingua
ia
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interlanguage-link-target

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display: none;

values:
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America – Interlingue
ie
ie
interlanguage-link-target

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display: none;

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values:
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display: none;

values:
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display: none;

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/America
America – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

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display: none;

values: אמריקה – Hebrew

values:
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display: none;

values:
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values:
https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika
Amerika – Kalaallisut
kl
kl
interlanguage-link-target

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values:
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values:
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display: none;

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display: none;

values:
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Amerika – Cornish
kw
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interlanguage-link-target

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https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika
Amerika – Kinyarwanda
rw
rw
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-rw
display: none;

values:
https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika
Amerika – Swahili
sw
sw
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sw
display: none;

values: Америка – Komi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kv
display: none;

values:
https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelika
Amelika – Kongo
kg
kg
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kg
display: none;

values:
https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerik
Amerik – Haitian Creole
ht
ht
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ht
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ku
display: none;

values: Америка – Kyrgyz

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ky
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj
display: none;

values:
https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika
Amerika – Ladino
lad
lad
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lad
display: none;

values: Америка – Lezghian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lez
display: none;

values: ທະວີບອາເມລິກາ – Lao

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lo
display: none;

values:
https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/America
America – Latin
la
la
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-la
display: none;

values:
https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika
Amerika – Latvian
lv
lv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lb
display: none;

values:
https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika
Amerika – Lithuanian
lt
lt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

values:
https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americhe
Americhe – Ligurian
lij
lij
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lij
display: none;

values:
https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika
Amerika – Limburgish
li
li
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-li
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ln
display: none;

values:
https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/America
America – Lombard
lmo
lmo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mk
display: none;

values:
https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika
Amerika – Malagasy
mg
mg
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mg
display: none;

values: അമേരിക്കകൾ – Malayalam

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ml
display: none;

values: अमेरिका (खंड) – Marathi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf
display: none;

values: آمریکا قاره – Mazanderani

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl
display: none;

values: Америка – Moksha

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf
display: none;

values: Америк тив – Mongolian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mn
display: none;

values: အမေရိက – Burmese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-my
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nah
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
display: none;

values:
https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amereca
Amereca – Neapolitan
nap
nap
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nap
display: none;

values: Америка – Chechen

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ce
display: none;

values:
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika
Amerika – Norwegian
no
no
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika
Amerika – Norwegian Nynorsk
nn
nn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm
display: none;

values:
https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/America
America – Occitan
oc
oc
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-oc
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-om
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uz
display: none;

values: ਅਮਰੀਕਾ (ਮਹਾਂ-ਮਹਾਂਦੀਪ) – Punjabi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pa
display: none;

values:
https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika
Amerika – Pangasinan
pag
pag
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pag
display: none;

values: اتری دکھنی امریکہ – Western Punjabi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pap
display: none;

values: امريکا لويه وچه – Pashto

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ps
display: none;

values:
https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoerkaz
Amoerkaz – Jamaican Creole English
jam
jam
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-jam
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-koi
display: none;

values: ទ្វីបអាមេរិក – Khmer

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-km
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pms
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi
display: none;

values:
https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika
Amerika – Low German
nds
nds
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nds
display: none;

values:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameryka
Ameryka – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: Αμερικήν – Pontic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pt
display: none;

values:
https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika
Amerika – Kara-Kalpak
kaa
kaa
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa
display: none;

values:
https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marite
Marite – Tahitian
ty
ty
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ty
display: none;

values:
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/America
America – Romanian
ro
ro
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-qu
display: none;

values: Америка – Rusyn

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-rue
display: none;

values: Америка – Russian

values: Америка – Sakha

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sah
display: none;

values:
https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika
Amerika – Samoan
sm
sm
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sm
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sc
display: none;

values:
https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americae
Americae – Scots
sco
sco
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sco
display: none;

values:
https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikoa
Amerikoa – Saterland Frisian
stq
stq
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-stq
display: none;

values:
https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika
Amerika – Southern Sotho
st
st
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-st
display: none;

values:
https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika
Amerika – Northern Sotho
nso
nso
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nso
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sq
display: none;

values: ඇමරිකාවන් – Sinhala

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-si
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values:
https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMelika
IMelika – Swati
ss
ss
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ss
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sk
display: none;

values:
https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika
Amerika – Silesian
szl
szl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-szl
display: none;

values:
https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameerika
Ameerika – Somali
so
so
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-so
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb
display: none;

values:
https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amrika
Amrika – Sranan Tongo
srn
srn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-srn
display: none;

values: Америке – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerike
Amerike – Serbo-Croatian
sh
sh
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-su
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values:
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika
Amerika – Swedish
sv
sv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tl
display: none;

values: அமெரிக்காக்கள் – Tamil

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ta
display: none;

values:
https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamrikt
Tamrikt – Kabyle
kab
kab
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kab
display: none;

values: Америка (дөнья кисәге) – Tatar

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tt
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tet
display: none;

values: ทวีปอเมริกา – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values: Амрико – Tajik

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tg
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-to
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-chy
display: none;

values:
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika
Amerika – Turkish
tr
tr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values:
https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika
Amerika – Turkmen
tk
tk
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: امریکین – Urdu

values: ئامېرىكا قىتئەسى – Uyghur

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ug
display: none;

values:
https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meijcouh
Meijcouh – Zhuang
za
za
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-za
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vec
display: none;

values:
https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerik
Amerik – Veps
vep
vep
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vep
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro
display: none;

values:
https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerike
Amerike – Walloon
wa
wa
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-wa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vls
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-war
display: none;

values:
https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aamerig
Aamerig – Wolof
wo
wo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-wo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu
display: none;

values: אמעריקע – Yiddish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-yi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-yo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue
display: none;

values:
https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika
Amerika – Zazaki
diq
diq
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-diq
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg
display: none;

values: Америка – Ingush

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-inh
display: none;

values:
https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/America
America – Lingua Franca Nova
lfn
lfn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Americas rootpage-Americas skin-vector action-view