text:
List of territories occupied by Imperial Japan
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This is a list of regions occupied or annexed by the Empire of Japan until 1945, the end of World War II in Asia following the surrender of Japan. Control over all territories except the Japanese mainland (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, and some 6000 small surrounding islands) was renounced by Japan in the Unconditional Surrender after World War II and the Treaty of San Francisco. A number of territories occupied by the United States (the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers) after 1945 have been returned to Japan, see Japan–United States relations for details. In 2005, there are still a number of disputed territories with Russia (the Kuril Islands dispute), South Korea (the Liancourt Rocks dispute), the People's Republic of China and Taiwan (the Senkaku Islands dispute). See Foreign relations of Japan for details.
Maximum extent of Japanese empire
Contents
[hide]
1 Pre–World War II
1.1 Colony
1.2 Occupied locations
2 World War II
2.1 Areas attacked but not conquered
2.2 Raided without immediate intent of occupation
3 See also
4 References
Pre–World War II[edit]
Colony[edit]
Hokkaido - since 1869
Kuril Islands - 1875-1945
Ryukyu Islands - 1879-1945 & since 1972[1]
Nanpō Islands - 1891-1945 & since 1968
Taiwan - 1895-1945
Minami-Tori-shima - 1898-1945 & since 1968
South Karafuto (Sakhalin) - 1905-1945
Kwantung Leased Territory - 1905-1945
Korea - 1910-1945
Shandong - formerly of German Empire - 1914-1922
South Pacific Mandate 1919-1945
Okinotorishima - 1931-1945 & since 1968
Occupied locations[edit]
Manchuria - 1931-1945
all ports and major towns in the Primorsky Krai and Siberia regions of Russia east of the city of Chita, from 1918 until gradually withdrawing in 1922.[2]
World War II[edit]
Occupied or controlled region
Japanese name
Date
Population est.(1943)
Notes
South Sakhalin Karafuto Prefecture(樺太庁) of Imperial Japan prewar-1945 406,000
mainland China various 1931 - 1945 200,000,000 (est) Manchukuo 50 million (1940), Jehol, Kwantung Leased Territory, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Shandong, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, plus parts of : Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Fujian, Guizhou, Inner Mongolia
Japan Naichi (内地) prewar-1945 72,000,000 Present day Japan, Kuril and Ryukyu Islands
Korea Chosen (朝鮮) prewar-1945 25,500,000 Both North and South
Taiwan Taiwan (臺灣) prewar-1945 6,586,000
Hong Kong Honkon (香港) December 12, 1941 - August 15, 1945 1,400,000 Hong Kong (UK)
:: East Asia (subtotal) - - 306,792,000
Vietnam Annan (安南) July 15, 1940 - August 29, 1945 22,122,000 As French Indochina
Cambodia Kambojia (カンボジア) July 15, 1940 - August 29, 1945 3,100,000 As French Indochina, Japanese occupation of Cambodia
Laos Raosu　(ラオス) July 15, 1940 - August 29, 1945 1,400,000 As French Indochina, Japanese occupation of Laos
Thailand Tai　(タイ) December 8, 1941 - August 15, 1945 16,216,000 forced 'allied' state
Malaysia Maraya （マラヤ) Kita Boruneo (北ボルネオ) March 27, 1942 - September 6, 1945 (Malaya), March 29, 1942 - September 9, 1945 (Sarawak, Brunei, Labuan, North Borneo) 4,938,000 plus 39,000 (Brunei) As Malaya (UK), British Borneo (UK), Brunei (UK)
Philippines Firipin (フィリピン) May 8, 1942 - July 5, 1945 17,419,000 Philippines (USA)
Indonesia Higashi Indo (東印度） January 18, 1942 - October 21, 1945 72,146,000 As Dutch East Indies
Singapore Shōnan tou (昭南島)　 March 29, 1942 - September 9, 1945 822,000 Singapore (UK)
Myanmar Biruma (ビルマ) 1942–1945 16,800,000 Burma (UK)
East Timor Higashi Chimoru (東チモール） February 19, 1942 - September 2, 1945 450,000 Portuguese Timor
:: Southeast Asia (subtotal) - - 155,452,000
New Guinea N/A December 27, 1941 - September 15, 1945 1,400,000 As British New Guinea
Guam Ōmiya Island (大宮島) January 6, 1942 - October 24, 1945 from Guam (USA)
South Pacific Mandate N/A 1919-1945 129,000 from German Empire
Nauru N/A August 26, 1942 - September 13, 1945 3,000 from United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand
Wake Island, US Ōtori Island (大鳥島) December 27, 1941 - September 4, 1945 nil USA
Attu and Kiska Islands (US) Atsuta Island (熱田島) Narukami Island (鳴神島) June 6, 1942 - September 27, 1943 nil USA
Kiribati N/A December 1941 - January 22, 1944 28,000 from Gilbert Islands (UK)
:: Pacific Islands (subtotal) - - 1,433,000
:: Total Population - - 463,677,000
Disclaimer: Not all areas were considered part of Imperial Japan but rather part of puppet states, included separately for demographic purposes. Sources: POPULSTAT Asia[3] Oceania[4]
Other occupied World War 2 islands:
Andaman Islands (India) - March 29, 1942 - September 9, 1945
Christmas Island (Australia) - March 1942 - October 1945
Areas attacked but not conquered[edit]
Kohima and Manipur (India)
Dornod (Khalkhin Gol, Mongolia)
Midway Atoll (United States)
Raided without immediate intent of occupation[edit]
Air raids
Pearl Harbor (Hawaii)
Colombo and Trincomalee (Sri Lanka)
Air raids on Australia, including:
Broome (Western Australia, Australia)
Darwin (Northern Territory, Australia)
Townsville (Queensland, Australia)
Lookout Air Raids (Oregon, United States)
Naval bombardment by submarine
British Columbia (Canada)
Santa Barbara (California, United States)
Fort Stevens (Oregon, United States)
Newcastle (New South Wales, Australia)
Gregory (Western Australia, Australia)
Midget sub attack
Sydney (New South Wales, Australia)
Diego Suarez (Madagascar)
See also[edit]
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
Sangokujin - 'third country person'
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Gregory Smits (1999). Visions of Ryukyu: Early-Modern Thought and Politics. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 143–149·
Jump up ^ Leonard A. Humphreys (1995). 'The Way of the Heavenly Sword: The Japanese Army in the 1920s. Stanford University Press. p. 26.
Jump up ^ http://www.populstat.info/Asia/asia.html Populstat ASIA
Jump up ^ http://www.populstat.info/Oceania/oceania.html Populstat OCEANIA
[show]
v
t
e
Countries and territories occupied by Imperial Japan during World War II
British Empire
Burma
Christmas Island
Hong Kong
India: Andaman Islands
Malaya
Nauru
New Guinea
Sarawak, Brunei, Labuan and British North Borneo
Singapore
Solomon Islands
United States
Attu
Guam
Kiska
Philippines
Wake Island
Other
China
Mengkiang
France
Cambodia
Laos
Vietnam
Netherlands
Indonesia
Portugal
East Timor
1870–1937
Karafuto
Korea
Manchukuo
South Pacific Mandate: Northern Marianas
Taiwan
[show]
v
t
e
Empire of Japan
Overview
Agriculture
Censorship
Demographics
Economy
Economic history
Education
Eugenics
Foreign commerce and shipping
Industrial production
Militarism
Nationalism
Statism
Internal politics
State Shinto
Kazoku
Emperors
Meiji (Mutsuhito)
Taishō (Yoshihito)
Shōwa (Hirohito)
Symbols
Flag of Japan
Rising Sun Flag
Imperial Seal of Japan
Government Seal of Japan
State Seal of Japan
Privy Seal of Japan
Kimigayo
Policies
Constitution
Charter Oath
Foreign relations
Imperial Rescript on Education
Kokutai
National Spiritual Mobilization Movement
Peace Preservation Law
Political parties
Supreme Court of Judicature
Taisei Yokusankai
Tokkō
Tonarigumi
Greater East Asia Conference
Government
Administration (Ministries)
Imperial Household
Home Ministry
Ministry of the Military
Army
Navy
Treasury
Foreign Affairs
Agriculture and Commerce
Commerce and Industry
Munitions
Colonial Affairs
Greater East Asia
East Asia Development Board (Kōain)
Legislative & Deliberative Bodies
Daijō-kan
Privy Council
Gozen Kaigi
Imperial Diet
Peers
Representatives
Military
Armed Forces
Imperial General Headquarters
Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors
Senjinkun military code
Nuclear weapons program
Kamikaze
War crimes
Supreme War Council
Imperial Japanese Army
General Staff
Air Service
Railways and Shipping
Imperial Guard
Imperial Way Faction (Kōdōha)
Japanese holdout
Tōseiha
Imperial Japanese Navy
General Staff
Air Service
Land Forces
Fleet Faction
Treaty Faction
History
Meiji period
Meiji Restoration
Boshin War
Satsuma Rebellion
First Sino-Japanese War
Triple Intervention
Boxer Rebellion
Anglo-Japanese Alliance
Russo-Japanese War
Taishō period
World War I
Siberian Intervention
General Election Law
Washington Naval Treaty
Shōwa period
Shōwa financial crisis
Pacification of Manchukuo
Anti-Comintern Pact
Second Sino-Japanese War
Tripartite Pact
Soviet–Japanese Border War (1939)
Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact
Pacific War
Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Soviet–Japanese War (1945)
Surrender (Potsdam Declaration, Gyokuon-hōsō)
Occupation
Territories
Greater East Asia
Co-Prosperity Sphere
Karafuto
Korea
Kwantung
Manchukuo
South Pacific
Taiwan
Occupied territories
Borneo
Burma
Hong Kong
Dutch East Indies
Malaya
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam
Other topics
Sonnō jōi
Fukoku kyōhei
Hakkō ichiu
Internment camps
German pre–World War II industrial co-operation
Racial Equality Proposal
Shinmin no Michi
Shōwa Modan
Socialist thought
Yasukuni Shrine
International Military Tribunal for the Far East
Japanese dissidence during the Shōwa period
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_territories_occupied_by_Imperial_Japan&oldid=824910187"
Categories:
Japanese military occupations
Japan-related lists
Japanese military-related lists
Japan in World War II
New Imperialism
Japan in World War II-related lists
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Bân-lâm-gú
Čeština
Deutsch
فارسی
Français
한국어
हिन्दी
Italiano
Nederlands
日本語
Русский
ไทย
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 10 February 2018, at 08:23.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href title

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
/wiki/Jehol_Province
mw-redirect
Jehol Province

values:
/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Laos
mw-redirect
Japanese occupation of Laos

values: Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies

values:
/wiki/British_New_Guinea
mw-redirect
British New Guinea

values: Japanese occupation of the Andaman Islands

values: Edit section: Areas attacked but not conquered

values: Edit section: Raided without immediate intent of occupation

values:
/wiki/Townsville,_Queensland
mw-redirect
Townsville, Queensland

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
/wiki/New_Guinea_Campaign
mw-redirect
New Guinea Campaign

values:
/wiki/Solomon_Islands_Campaign
mw-redirect
Solomon Islands Campaign

values:
navbox-image
4
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values:
/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Vietnam
mw-redirect
Japanese occupation of Vietnam

values:
/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies_Campaign
mw-redirect
Dutch East Indies Campaign

values:
/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Indonesia
mw-redirect
Japanese occupation of Indonesia

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

attrs: alt src title width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Demographics_of_Imperial_Japan
mw-redirect
Demographics of Imperial Japan

values: Foreign commerce and shipping of Empire of Japan

values: Empire of Japan (internal politics 1914–1944)

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
navbox-image
9
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: National Spiritual Mobilization Movement

values: Political parties of the Empire of Japan

values:
/wiki/Taisei_Yokusankai
mw-redirect
Taisei Yokusankai

values: Administrative structure of the Imperial Japanese Government

values:
/wiki/Home_Ministry_(Japan)
mw-redirect
Home Ministry (Japan)

values: Ministry of Commerce and Industry (Japan)

values:
/wiki/Privy_Council_(Japan)
mw-redirect
Privy Council (Japan)

values: Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors

values: Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office

values: Imperial Japanese Army Railways and Shipping Section

values: Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

values:
/wiki/Vietnam_in_World_War_II
mw-redirect
Vietnam in World War II

values: List of Japanese-run internment camps during World War II

values: Germany–Japan industrial co-operation before World War II

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: Category:Japan in World War II-related lists

values:
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
interface

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: فهرست نواحی اشغال شده توسط امپراتوری ژاپن – Persian

values: Liste des territoires occupés par le Japon impérial – French

values: जापानी साम्राज्यवाद – Hindi

values: Lista dei territori occupati dall'Impero giapponese – Italian

values: Колонии Японии – Russian

values: รายชื่อดินแดนที่จักรวรรดิญี่ปุ่นยึดครอง – Thai

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-List_of_territories_occupied_by_Imperial_Japan rootpage-List_of_territories_occupied_by_Imperial_Japan skin-vector action-view


text:
Fire and Rain (song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Fire and Rain"
Single by James Taylor
from the album Sweet Baby James
B-side
"Anywhere Like Heaven" (US)
"Sunny Skies" (UK)
Released
February 1970
Format
7-inch vinyl single
Recorded
December 1969
Sunset Sound
Genre
Soft rock, rock, folk rock
Length
3:23
Label
Warner Bros.
Songwriter(s)
James Taylor
Producer(s)
Peter Asher
James Taylor singles chronology
"Sweet Baby James"
(1970) "Fire and Rain"
(1970) "Carolina in My Mind"
(1970)
"Sweet Baby James"
(1970) "Fire and Rain"
(1970) "Carolina in My Mind"
(re-release)
(1970)
"Fire and Rain" is a folk rock song written and performed by James Taylor. Released on Warner Bros. Records as a single from his second album, Sweet Baby James, in February 1970, the song follows Taylor's reaction to the suicide of Suzanne Schnerr, a childhood friend, and his experiences with drug addiction and fame. After its release, "Fire and Rain" peaked at number two on RPM's Canada Top Singles chart and at number three on the Billboard Hot 100.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background and composition
2 Reception
3 Updated versions
4 Chart performance
4.1 Weekly charts
4.2 Year-end charts
5 Cover versions
6 References
6.1 Bibliography
7 External links
Background and composition[edit]
On the VH1 series Story Tellers, Taylor said the song was about several incidents during his early recording career. The second line "Suzanne the plans they made put an end to you" refers to Suzanne Schnerr, a childhood friend of his who committed suicide while he was in London, England, recording his first album.[2] In that same account, Taylor said he had been in a deep depression after the failure of his new band The Flying Machine to coalesce (the lyric "Sweet dreams and Flying Machines in pieces on the ground"; the reference is to the name of the band rather than a fatal plane crash, as was long rumored).
In 2005, during an interview on NPR, Taylor explained to host Scott Simon that the song was written in three parts:[3]
The first part was about Taylor's friend Suzanne, who died while Taylor was in London working on his first album after being signed to Apple Records. Friends at home, concerned that it might distract Taylor from his big break, kept the tragic news from him and he found out six months later.
The second part details Taylor's struggle to overcome drug addiction and depression.
The third part deals with coming to grips with fame and fortune, looking back at the road that got him there. It includes a reference to James Taylor and The Flying Machine, a band he briefly worked with before his big break with Paul McCartney, Peter Asher, and Apple Records.
Carole King played piano on the song.[4] Drummer Russ Kunkel used brushes rather than sticks on his drum kit,[5] and Bobby West played double bass[6] in place of a bass guitar to "underscore the melancholy on the song".[7]
King has stated that her song "You've Got a Friend," that Taylor recorded, was a response to the line in the refrain that "I’ve seen lonely times when I could not find a friend."[8][9]
Reception[edit]
Broadcast Music, Inc. ranked "Fire and Rain" at number 82 on its "Top 100 Songs of the Century" list,[10] while voters for the National Endowment for the Arts and Recording Industry Association of America's Songs of the Century list, which comprises 365 songs of "historical significance" recorded from 1900 to 2000,[11] placed "Fire and Rain" at number 85.[12] In April 2011, the song was named at number 227 on Rolling Stone's list of 500 greatest songs of all time.[13]
Updated versions[edit]
In 2015, Taylor appeared on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert and told host Stephen Colbert that he had updated the song:
"The thing is, I wrote that song in 1970; I just hadn't seen that much back then, mostly fire and rain. So that's why I keep saying it over and over again since then." Taylor explained that, over the ensuing decades, he's updated the song to include all the things he's encountered, such as skinny jeans, Fifty Shades of Grey, Snakes on a Plane and especially calzones.[14]
Taylor and Colbert then performed a highly ironic version of "Fire and Rain and Calzones", packed with post-1970 pop-cultural references, functioning as a satire of superficial commercialism.
Chart performance[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
R. B. Greaves
Chart (1970)
Peak
position
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[15]
37
US Billboard Hot 100[16]
82
US Cashbox Top 100[17]
65
Johnny Rivers
Chart (1970)
Peak
position
US Billboard Hot 100[18]
94
US Cashbox Top 100[19]
71
James Taylor
Chart (1970)
Peak
position
Australia KMR [20] 6
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[21]
2
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[22]
42
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[23]
7
US Billboard Hot 100[1]
3
US Cashbox Top 100[24]
4
Willie Nelson
Chart (1976)
Peak
position
Canada Country Tracks (RPM)[25]
44
US Hot Country Singles (Billboard)[26]
29
Year-end charts[edit]
James Taylor
Chart (1970)
Rank
Australia [20] 87
Canada [27] 26
U.S. Billboard Hot 100 [28] 67
U.S. Cash Box [29] 85
Cover versions[edit]
Several singers covered the song shortly after it was released in 1970. These include versions by Andy Williams, Chris Connor, Lou Rawls, John Denver, Anita Bryant, Salena Jones.[30] The song was the lead song and gave its name to The Gaylads 1970 album, Fire and Rain. The song has been covered numerous times since. Marcia Hines recorded a version of the track and released it as her debut single from her debut studio album, Marcia Shines (1975). [31] More recently Babyface (musician) covered the song in his 2007 album Playlist.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "James Taylor Chart History (Hot 100)" Billboard. Retrieved June 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ White, Timothy, and Mitchell Glazer. Long Ago and Far Away: James Taylor — His Life and Music. New York: Omnibus Press, 5th edition 2011, p. 141.
Jump up ^ White, Timothy (2001). Long Ago and Far Away: James Taylor — His Life and Music. London: Omnibus. p. 5. ISBN 0-7119-8803-X.
Jump up ^ "Songs that shaped Rock and Roll: "Fire and Rain"". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ Mattingly, Rick (2003). "Brush Playing". In John Shepherd, David Horn, Dave Laing, Paul Oliver, Peter Wicke. Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World. 2. A&C Black. p. 120. CS1 maint: Uses editors parameter (link)
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-09-09. Retrieved 2015-06-04.
Jump up ^ Browne, David (2012). Fire and Rain: The Beatles, Simon and Garfunkel, James Taylor, CSNY, and the Bittersweet Story Of 1970. Da Capo Press. p. 116.
Jump up ^ "James Taylor: My Life in 15 Songs". Rolling Stone. August 13, 2015. pp. 23–25.
Jump up ^ White, T. (August 4, 2015). "James Taylor Looks Back on His Classics". Easy 93.1 FM. Retrieved 2015-08-10.
Jump up ^ "BMI Announces Top 100 Songs of the Century". Broadcast Music, Inc. December 13, 1999.
Jump up ^ "RIAA, NEA Announce 'Songs of the Century'". Recording Industry Association of America. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved June 6, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Top 365 Songs". Quad-City Times. Lee Enterprises. AP. March 8, 2001. Archived from the original on June 6, 2015.
Jump up ^ "500 Greatest Songs of All Time: 227: James Taylor, 'Fire and Rain'". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media, LLC. Retrieved June 6, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kreps, Daniel (November 19, 2015). "Watch James Taylor Sing 'Fire and Rain and Calzones' With Stephen Colbert". rollingstone.com. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2015-11-21.
Jump up ^ "R.B. Greaves Chart History (Adult Contemporary)" Billboard. Retrieved June 6, 2015.
Jump up ^ "R.B. Greaves Chart History (Hot 100)" Billboard. Retrieved June 6, 2015.
Jump up ^ Downey, Albert, and Hoffmann, p. 145
Jump up ^ "Billboard Hot 100". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. 82 (37): 67. September 12, 1970. ISSN 0006-2510.
Jump up ^ Downey, Albert, and Hoffmann, p. 289
^ Jump up to: a b "Australian Chart Book". Austchartbook.com.au. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2016-10-03.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 3718." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. November 21, 1970.
Jump up ^ "James Taylor: Artist Chart History". Official Charts Company. Retrieved June 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ "James Taylor Chart History (Adult Contemporary)" Billboard. Retrieved June 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ Downey, Albert, and Hoffmann, p. 343
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Country Tracks: Issue 4080." RPM. Library and Archives Canada.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2005). Joel Whitburn's Top Country Songs: 1944–2005. Record Research. p. 267.
Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". collectionscanada.gc.ca.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Hits of 1970/Top 100 Songs of 1970". Musicoutfitters.com. Retrieved 2016-10-03.
Jump up ^ "Cash Box YE Pop Singles - 1970". Tropicalglen.com. 1970-12-26. Retrieved 2016-10-03.
Jump up ^ Whosampled: Fire and Rain by James Taylor
Jump up ^ "MARCIA HINES". ABC. 14 October 2004. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
Bibliography[edit]
Downey, Pat; Albert, George; Hoffmann, Frank W (1994). Cash Box pop singles charts, 1950–1993. Libraries Unlimited. ISBN 978-1-56308-316-7.
External links[edit]
"James Taylor reflects on his career". The 7.30 Report. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. March 3, 2010. Archived from the original on April 4, 2010. Transcript of Kerry O'Brien interview with Taylor about "Fire and Rain"
[show]
"Fire and Rain" among artists
[show]
v
t
e
James Taylor
Studio albums
James Taylor
Sweet Baby James
Mud Slide Slim and the Blue Horizon
One Man Dog
Walking Man
Gorilla
In the Pocket
JT
Flag
Dad Loves His Work
That's Why I'm Here
Never Die Young
New Moon Shine
Hourglass
October Road
Covers
Before This World
Live albums
Live/Best Live
One Man Band
Amchitka
Live at the Troubadour
Holiday albums
James Taylor: A Christmas Album
James Taylor at Christmas
Compilation albums
Greatest Hits
Classic Songs
Greatest Hits Volume 2
The Best of James Taylor
Video albums
Live at the Beacon Theatre
Extended plays
Other Covers
Singles
"Carolina in My Mind"
"Knocking 'Round the Zoo"
"Sweet Baby James"
"Fire and Rain"
"Country Road"
"You've Got a Friend"
"Long Ago and Far Away"
"Don't Let Me Be Lonely Tonight"
"One Man Parade"
"Hymn"
"Mockingbird (with Carly Simon)
"How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved by You)"
"Mexico"
"Shower the People"
"Woman's Gotta Have It"
"Handy Man"
"Your Smiling Face"
"Honey Don't Leave L.A."
"Devoted to You" (with Carly Simon)
"Up on the Roof"
"Her Town Too"
"Hard Times
"Everyday"
"It's Growing"
Other songs
"Night Owl
"Something in the Way She Moves"
"Sunny Skies"
"Steamroller Blues"
"You Can Close Your Eyes"
"Highway Song"
"Bartender's Blues"
"Secret O' Life"
"Millworker"
"Summer's Here"
Related articles
Discography
James Taylor and the Original Flying Machine
Working
Vote for Change Tour
Troubadour Reunion Tour
Carly Simon
Ben Taylor
Sally Taylor
Kate Taylor
Livingston Taylor
Alex Taylor
Isaac M. Taylor
Two-Lane Blacktop
[show]
v
t
e
Johnny Rivers
Live albums
At the Whisky à Go Go
Here We à Go Go Again!
In Action
Meanwhile Back at the Whisky à Go Go
...And I Know You Wanna Dance
Songs
"Memphis"
"Maybellene"
"Mountain of Love"
"Midnight Special"
"The Seventh Son"
"Where Have All the Flowers Gone?"
"Secret Agent Man"
"(I Washed My Hands In) Muddy Water"
"Poor Side Of Town"
"Baby I Need Your Lovin'"
"The Tracks of My Tears"
"Summer Rain"
"Into the Mystic"
"Fire and Rain"
"Sea Cruise"
"Rockin' Pneumonia and the Boogie Woogie Flu"
"Blue Suede Shoes"
"Six Days on the Road"
"Help Me, Rhonda"
"Swayin' to the Music (Slow Dancing)"
"Um, Um, Um, Um, Um, Um"
Related articles
Discography
[show]
v
t
e
Marcia Hines
Discography
Studio albums
Marcia Shines
Shining
Ladies and Gentlemen
Ooh Child
Take It from the Boys
Jokers and Queens
Love Sides
Right Here and Now
Time of Our Lives
Hinesight
Discothèque
Life
Marcia Sings Tapestry
Amazing
Live albums
Marcia Hines Live Across Australia
Compilation albums
Greatest Hits
Greatest Hits Volume 2
Queen of Pop
Diva
Marcia: Greatest Hits 1975–1983
The Essential Marcia Hines
Notable singles
"Fire and Rain"
"From the Inside"/"Jumpin' Jack Flash"
"I Just Don't Know What to Do with Myself"
"(Until) Your Love Broke Through"
"What I Did for Love"
"You"
"Music Is My Life"
"Something's Missing (In My Life)"
"Your Love Still Brings Me to My Knees"
"What a Bitch Is Love"
"Many Rivers to Cross"
"The Lord's Prayer"
"Rain (Let the Children Play)"
"What a Feeling"
"Ain't Nobody"
"Stomp!"
Related articles
Deni Hines
[show]
v
t
e
Willie Nelson singles discography
1950s
and
1960s
1957
"No Place For Me" / "Lumberjack"
1959
"Man With the Blues" / "The Storm Has Just Begun"
1960
"What a Way to Live" / "Misery Mansion"
"Nite Life" / "Rainy Day Blues"
1961
"The Part Where I Cry" / "Mr. Record Man"
1962
"Willingly" / "Chain of Love"
"Touch Me" / "Where My House Lives"
"Wake Me When It's Over" / "There's Gonna Be Love In My House"
"You Dream About Me" / "Is This My Destiny"
1963
"Half a Man" / "The Last Letter"
"Take My Word" / "Feed it a Memory"
1964
"How Long is Forever" / "You Took My Happy Away"
"Am I Blue" / "There'll Be No Teardrops Tonight"
"River Boy" / "Opportunity to Cry"
"I Never Cared For You" / "You Left Me (A Long Time Ago)"
"Pretty Paper" / "What A Merry Christmas This Could Be"
1965
"She's Not For You" / "Permanently Lonely"
"Healing Hands of Time" / "One Day at the Time"
"I Just Can't Let You Say Goodbye" / "And So Will You, My Love"
1966
"One In A Row" / "San Antonio Rose"
"Colombus Stockade Blues" / "He Sits at my Table"
"I'm Still Not Over You"/ "I Love You Because"
1967
"The Party's Over" / "Make Way for a Better Man"
"Blackjack County Chain" / "Some Other World"
"San Antonio" / "To Make a Long Story Short"
1968
"Little Things" / " Sweet Memories"
"Good Times" / "Where Do You Stand"
"Johnny One Time" / "She's Still Gone"
1969
"Bring Me Sunshine" / "Don't Say Love or Nothing"
"I Hope So" / "Right or Wrong"
1970s
1970
"Once More With Feeling" / "Who Do I Know in Dallas"
"Laying My Burdens Down" / "Truth Number One"
1971
"I'm a Memory" / "Fire and Rain"
"Yesterday's Wine" / "Me and Paul"
1972
"Words Don't Fit the Picture" / "A Moment"
1973
"Shotgun Willie" (mono) / "Sad Songs and Waltzes"
"Stay All Night (Stay a Little Longer)" / "Devil in a Sleepin' Bag"
1974
"I Still Can't Believe You're Gone" / "Heaven and Hell"
"Bloody Mary Morning" / "After the Fire is Gone"(with Tracy Nelson)
"Sister's Comin' Home" (mono) / "Pick Up The Tempo"
1975
"Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain" / "Bandera"
1976
"Remember Me (When the Candle Lights Are Gleaming)" / "Time of the Preacher"
"I'd Have to Be Crazy" (mono) / "Amazing Grace"
"If You've Got the Money I've Got the Time" / "The Sound in Your Mind"
1977
"Uncloudy Day" / "Precious Memories"
"I Love You A Thousand Ways" / "Mom and Dad's Waltz"
1978
"Georgia on My Mind" / "On The Sunny Side Of The Street"
"Blue Skies" / "Moonlight in Vermont"
"All of Me" / "Unchained Melody"
1979
"Whiskey River" / "Under the Double Eagle"
"September Song" / "Don't Get Around Much Anymore"
"White Christmas" / "Blue Christmas"
1980s
1980
"Help Me Make It Through the Night" / "The Pilgrim, Chapter 33"
"My Heroes Have Always Been Cowboys" / "Rising Stars"
"Midnight Rider" / "So You Think You're A Cowboy"
"On the Road Again"/ "Jumpin' Cotton Eyed Joe"(performed by Johnny Gimble)
1981
"Angel Flying Too Close to the Ground" / "I Guess I've Come to Live Here in Your Eyes"
"Mona Lisa" / "Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star"
"I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Write Myself a Letter" / "Over the Rainbow"
"Heartaches of a Fool" / "Uncloudy Day"
1982
"Always on My Mind" / "The Party's Over"
"Let It Be Me" / "Permanently Lonely"
"Last Thing I Needed First Thing This Morning" / "Old Fords and a Natural Stone"
1983
"Little Old Fashioned Karma" / "Beer Barrel Polka"
"Why Do I Have to Choose" / "Would You Lay with Me (In a Field of Stone)"
"Take It to the Limit" / "Till I Gain Control Again"
"Without a Song"
1984
"City of New Orleans (Unedited version)" / "Why Are You Pickin' On Me"
1985
"Forgiving You Was Easy" / "You Wouldn't Cross the Street"
"Me and Paul" / "I Let My Mind Wander"
1986
"Living in the Promiseland" / "Bach Minuet in G"
"I'm Not Trying to Forget You" / "I've Got the Craziest Feeling"
1987
"Partners After All" / "Home Away From Home"
"Heart of Gold" / "So Much Like My Dad"
"Island in the Sea" / "There Is No Easy Way"
1988
"Nobody There But Me" / "Wake Me When It's Over"
"Spanish Eyes" (with Julio Iglesias) / "Ole Buttermilk Sky"
"Twilight Time" / "Ac-Cent-Tchu-Ate the Positive"
1989
"Nothing I Can Do About It Now" / "If I Were a Painting"
"There You Are" / "Spirit"
"Is The Better Part Over" / "Mr. Record Man"
1990s
1990
"The Highway" / "Spirit"
"Ain't Necessarily So" / "I Never Cared For You" ("Ain't Necessarily So" also on CD Single)
1991
"The Piper Came Today" / "(I Don't Have a Reason) To Go To California Anymore" ("The Piper Came Today" also on CD Single)
"Ten With a Two" / "You Decide"
1993
"Graceland"
"Still is Still Moving to Me" / "Valentine"
1995
"Turn Me Loose and Let Me Swing"
1998
"I Never Cared for You"
2000s
and
2010s
2002
"Mendocino County Line" (with Lee Ann Womack) / "Maria (Shut Up and Kiss Me)" (Both single tracks released on CD and 7" record)
2003
"Wurlitzer Prize" (with Norah Jones)
"Beer for My Horses" (with Toby Keith)
2005
"I'm a Worried Man" (with Toots Hibbert)
"The Harder They Come"
2006
"You Don't Know Me"
"Cowboys Are Frequently, Secretly Fond of Each Other"
2008
"Gravedigger"
"You Don't Think I'm Funny Anymore"
2011
"The Scientist"
2012
"Roll Me Up and Smoke Me When I Die"
"Just Breathe"
"Come On Back Jesus"
2013
"From Here to the Moon and Back" (with Dolly Parton)
"Grandma's Hands" (with Mavis Staples)
"It Won't Be Long" (with The Secret Sisters)
"Somewhere Between" (with Loretta Lynn)
2014
"The Wall"
"Bring It On"
"Laws of Nature"
"Who'll Buy My Memories"
2015
"It's All Going to Pot"
Book:Willie Nelson
Category:Willie Nelson
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fire_and_Rain_(song)&oldid=809899480"
Categories:
1970 singles
1975 singles
A&M Records singles
Herb Alpert songs
Atco Records singles
CBS Records singles
Georgie Fame songs
Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients
R. B. Greaves songs
Tim Hardin songs
Marcia Hines songs
Imperial Records singles
Al Jarreau songs
Hubert Laws songs
Metasongs
Anne Murray songs
Willie Nelson songs
Reprise Records singles
Johnny Rivers songs
Song recordings produced by Peter Asher
Songs about suicide
Songs written by James Taylor
James Taylor songs
Warner Bros. Records singles
Andy Williams songs
Wizard Records singles
Hidden categories:
CS1 maint: Uses editors parameter
Articles with hAudio microformats
Singlechart usages for Billboardadultcontemporary
Singlechart called without song
Singlechart usages for Billboardhot100
Singlechart making named ref
Singlechart usages for Canadatopsingles
Singlechart called without artist
Singlechart usages for UKsinglesbyname
Singlechart usages for Canadacountry
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Italiano
Українська
Edit links
This page was last edited on 12 November 2017, at 05:31.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: th

attrs: colspan class style

value: tr

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

value: td

attrs: colspan style

value: i

value: span

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0;

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding:.2em .1em;

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em;

values: background: transparent; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;

values: width:33%; padding:.2em .1em .2em 0; text-align: center;

values: width:33%; padding:.2em .1em; text-align: center;

values: width:33%; padding:.2em 0 .2em .1em; text-align: center;

values: Edit section: Background and composition

values:
/wiki/London,_England
mw-redirect
London, England

values:
/wiki/Clinical_depression
mw-redirect
Clinical depression

values: James Taylor and the Original Flying Machine

values:
/wiki/National_Public_Radio
mw-redirect
National Public Radio

values: Recording Industry Association of America

values:
left
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
text-align:center;
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values: wikitable sortable plainrowheaders jquery-tablesorter

values: border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; border: 0; background:transparent; width:100%;

values:
/wiki/Timothy_White_(editor)
mw-redirect
Timothy White (editor)

values:
/wiki/Mitchell_Glazer
mw-redirect
Mitchell Glazer

values: Category:CS1 maint: Uses editors parameter

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510

values:
nofollow
http://www.austchartbook.com.au/
external text

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
James_Taylor
fn
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

values:
row
navbox-group
width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;

values:
/wiki/October_Road_(James_Taylor_album)
mw-redirect
October Road (James Taylor album)

values: Live at the Troubadour (Carole King and James Taylor)

values: Greatest Hits Volume 2 (James Taylor album)

values: Live at the Beacon Theatre (James Taylor album) (page does not exist)

values: Long Ago and Far Away (James Taylor song)

values:
/wiki/Hymn_(James_Taylor_song)
mw-redirect
Hymn (James Taylor song)

values:
/wiki/Summer%27s_Here
mw-redirect
Summer's Here

values: nowraplinks vcard collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
Johnny_Rivers
fn
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

values:
/wiki/I_Washed_My_Hands_In_Muddy_Water
mw-redirect
I Washed My Hands In Muddy Water

values: Rockin' Pneumonia and the Boogie Woogie Flu

values: Template talk:Marcia Hines (page does not exist)

values:
Marcia_Hines
fn
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

values:
navbox-abovebelow
2
background: #EEEEEE;

values: Ladies and Gentlemen (Marcia Hines album)

values: Greatest Hits Volume 2 (Marcia Hines album)

values: I Just Don't Know What to Do with Myself

values:
Willie_Nelson_singles_discography
fn
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

values: Wake Me When It's Over (Willie Nelson song)

values:
/wiki/San_Antonio_Rose
mw-redirect
San Antonio Rose

values: If You've Got the Money I've Got the Time

values:
/wiki/Blue_Skies_(1926_song)
mw-redirect
Blue Skies (1926 song)

values:
/wiki/Under_the_Double_Eagle
mw-redirect
Under the Double Eagle

values: My Heroes Have Always Been Cowboys (song)

values:
/wiki/Twinkle,_Twinkle_Little_Star
mw-redirect
Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star

values:
/wiki/Let_It_Be_Me_(song)
mw-redirect
Let It Be Me (song)

values: Last Thing I Needed First Thing This Morning

values: Would You Lay with Me (In a Field of Stone) (song)

values:
/wiki/Minuet_in_G_major_(BWV_Anh_114)
mw-redirect
Minuet in G major (BWV Anh 114)

values: The Wurlitzer Prize (I Don't Want to Get Over You)

values: You Don't Think I'm Funny Anymore (page does not exist)

values: nowraplinks vcard hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: Category:Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients

values: Category:Song recordings produced by Peter Asher

values: Category:Articles with hAudio microformats

values: Category:Singlechart usages for Billboardadultcontemporary

values: Category:Singlechart called without song

values: Category:Singlechart usages for Billboardhot100

values: Category:Singlechart usages for Canadatopsingles

values: Category:Singlechart called without artist

values: Category:Singlechart usages for UKsinglesbyname

values: Category:Singlechart usages for Canadacountry

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Fire_and_Rain_(song)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Fire_and_Rain_song rootpage-Fire_and_Rain_song skin-vector action-view


text:
Doctrine of Ministerial Responsibility
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
In Malaysia, the Doctrine of Ministerial Responsibility is based on Article 43, section 3 of the Malaysian Constitution that states:
The Cabinet shall be collectively responsible to Parliament.[1]
This responsibility refers to the responsibility of ministers to accept and defend the decisions made jointly by the Parliament even if a minister does not agree with the decision. While a Minister is free to introduce an opposing viewpoint for debate in Parliament, once a decision is taken by the Parliament, all ministers are bound to abide by the decision. A minister who does not agree with a Parliamentary decision should resign.[2]
Contents
1 Examples
2 Advantages
3 Disadvantages
4 References
5 Further reading
Examples[edit]
In 2016, Waytha Moorthy Ponnusamy, a Deputy Minister under the Prime Minister of Malaysia, spoke out against the Malaysian police regarding the shooting of five criminals in Penang. This statement was rebuked by Ahmad Zahid Hamidi who demanded Ponnusamy's resignation for speaking outside of his ministerial jurisdiction.[citation needed]
Advantages[edit]
The Doctrine of Ministerial Responsibility may be used to avoid confusion regarding government policy or the government's position on a given issue, as well as to show solidarity of the government to maintain its credibility.
Disadvantages[edit]
The Doctrine prevents minority party ministers from expressing dissenting opinions in public. Although free to speak within Parliament, as a minority, their votes are unlikely to change the outcome of a bill that may adversely affect their minority constituency.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Constitution of Malaysia at WikiSource
Jump up ^ Bari, AA (2016). Perlembagaan Malaysia Suatu Pengenalan [An Introduction to the Constitution of Malaysia]. ilhambooks.
Further reading[edit]
Faruqi, S.S. (2008). Document of Destiny. Malaysia: Star Publications.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doctrine_of_Ministerial_Responsibility&oldid=758518139"
Categories:
Malaysian law
Government of Malaysia
Hidden categories:
Articles needing additional references from December 2016
All articles needing additional references
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from December 2016
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Add links
This page was last edited on 5 January 2017, at 22:43 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

value: b

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

value: small

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2016)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from December 2016

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2016

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Doctrine_of_Ministerial_Responsibility rootpage-Doctrine_of_Ministerial_Responsibility skin-vector action-view