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Conversion (gridiron football)
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A typical lineup for an extra point: The kicker is Stephen Gostkowski of New England against Cleveland, 2007.
The conversion, try (American football, also known as a point(s) after touchdown, PAT, or extra point), or convert (Canadian football) occurs immediately after a touchdown during which the scoring team is allowed to attempt to score one extra point by kicking the ball through the uprights in the manner of a field goal, or two points by bringing the ball into the end zone in the manner of a touchdown; depending on league rules, one point may also be scored by manner of a safety.
Attempts at a try or convert are scrimmage plays, with the ball initially placed at any point between the hash marks, at the option of the team making the attempt. The yard line that attempts are made from depends on the league and the type of try or convert being attempted.
If the try or convert is scored by kicking the ball through the uprights, the team gets an additional one point for their touchdown, bringing their total for that score from six points to seven. If two points are needed or desired, a two-point conversion may be attempted by running or passing from scrimmage. A successful touchdown conversion brings the score's total to eight.
Whether a team goes for one or two points, most rules regarding scrimmage downs, including scoring touchdowns and field goals, apply as if it were a normal American fourth-down or Canadian third-down play. Exceptions, including cases where the defense forces a turnover during a conversion attempt, vary between leagues and levels of play. One thing that sets the try apart from other plays in the NFL is that, apart from the actual points, ordinary statistics are not recorded on the try as they would be on a regular scrimmage play. For example, on December 4, 2016, Eric Berry of the Kansas City Chiefs made an interception on a try and physically returned it 99 yards for a defensive two-point conversion. However, because it occurred on a try, Berry did not get statistical credit for the 99 yards of return yardage. Nor would a player ever be credited with passing, rushing, or receiving yardage on a try.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Duration of the play
3 Differences between leagues
3.1 Pre-2015
3.2 2015–present
3.3 Special overtime rules
4 Other leagues
5 See also
6 References
History[edit]
"A goal from touchdown."
The try/convert is among the oldest parts of the game of gridiron football and dates to its rugby roots. In its earliest days, scoring a touchdown was not the primary objective but a means of getting a free kick at the goal (hence why the name "try", more commonly associated with rugby today, is still used in American football rule books), and thus early scoring rubrics for the game gave more points to the subsequent kick than the actual advancement of the ball over the goal line. The related term "conversion" is still used in both rugby union and rugby league to refer to extra points scored by kicking the ball through the posts after a try has been scored.
By the start of the 20th century, touchdowns had become more important and the roles of touchdown and kick were reversed. By this time the point value for the after-touchdown kick had reduced to its current one-point value while the touchdown was now worth five. (This later increased to six points in American football in 1912 and in Canadian football in 1956.)[citation needed]
For much of the 20th century, a one-point conversion could be scored either by kick or by way of a scrimmage play. Beginning in 1958, the scrimmage play method of scoring became worth two points (a two-point conversion). While the American Football League adopted the college rule throughout its existence (as did the United States Football League throughout its existence in the 1980s), other professional leagues did not follow suit; all levels of Canadian football did so in 1975, and the National Football League did not do so until 1994.
Although a successful kick is only worth one point with a very high rate of success, missed or blocked attempts can decide the outcome of the game. Perhaps the most famous example to this was the 2003 game between the New Orleans Saints and Jacksonville Jaguars where, after scoring a touchdown as time expired as a result of the multiple-lateral River City Relay, Saints kicker John Carney missed the extra point, giving the Jaguars a 20-19 victory. On November 11, 1979, the New York Jets lost to the Buffalo Bills 14-12 – the difference coming from two missed extra points by place kicker Toni Linhart. Linhart, who had been cut earlier in the 1979 season by the Baltimore Colts and was signed by the Jets to fill in for the injured Pat Leahy, never played another game in the NFL.
Central Michigan lines up for a PAT.
Another 2003 game, this one between the Carolina Panthers and Tampa Bay Buccaneers, was sent to overtime after what would have been a game-winning extra point was blocked; the Panthers won the game in overtime 12-9. A 2005 game between the Green Bay Packers and Tampa Bay Buccaneers is another notable exception, as the Buccaneers won 17-16, the difference being Ryan Longwell missing an extra point after a Packers touchdown.[2]
In the 2016 AFC Championship Game, New England Patriots placekicker Stephen Gostkowski missed an extra point in the first quarter, keeping the score at 7–6 in favor of the Denver Broncos. The Patriots were forced to go for two when they scored a touchdown late in the fourth quarter. The two-point try was intercepted, putting the Broncos in Super Bowl 50 with a 20–18 victory.[3]
The CFL and NFL both made major changes to the rules governing conversions prior to their respective 2015 seasons, reducing and eliminating some of the differences between the two leagues in the process as discussed below.
Duration of the play[edit]
In American high school football (in most states), the play is over once the ball becomes dead or the defense takes possession. In many other levels of football, including the CFL, NFL, and American college football, the play continues after a turnover to the defense. This allows the defense to return the ball to the opponent's end zone for two points and also allows for a one-point safety. Two states, Texas and Massachusetts, play high school football under NCAA rules and thus allow the defense to score on an extra-point attempt.
Differences between leagues[edit]
In American high school and college football, the line of scrimmage is the three-yard line.
In American football, the game clock does not run during an extra-point attempt, except for some rare circumstances at the high-school level (some state associations allow for the clock to run continuously in the second half if one team is leading the other by a large margin)[4] and for arena football, which runs the clock continuously except during the final minute of each half and overtime. In Canadian football, the clock runs during a conversion attempt except during the last three minutes of each half.
Pre-2015[edit]
Prior to the 2015 season, the NFL used the two-yard line for all conversion (P.A.T.) attempts. In Canadian football, the line of scrimmage was from the five-yard line.
San Francisco 49ers kicker Joe Nedney prepares to kick an extra point with punter Andy Lee as the holder, 2008
In the NFL, the conversion was required after a touchdown scored during the regulation game (i.e., not overtime), because point differential is used for some tiebreakers in the standings. Rarely, this can result in such an attempt having to be made at the end of the game when it cannot change the outcome of the game; two of the best-known examples of this occurred after the winning touchdown by the Philadelphia Eagles in the December 19, 2010 game known as the Miracle at the New Meadowlands and after the controversial game-winning touchdown by the Seattle Seahawks on September 24, 2012.
If the game is in sudden death overtime, the extra-point attempt is omitted if the winning score is a touchdown. In American high school and college football, it is likewise omitted following a touchdown on the game's final play if a successful conversion attempt cannot change the outcome of the game.
There is, however, one notable exception in college football because the defense can also score two points on a return of a conversion try (and theoretically score a one-point safety) and the NCAA rules state that the conversion try must be run if any subsequent scoring on the play could impact the outcome of the game. Therefore, if a team scores to take the lead by one or two points as time expires, they must still attempt the conversion, although most teams will simply opt to take a knee to prevent the risk of the defense scoring. For example, on October 24, 2009, Iowa scored as time expired to take a 15–13 lead over Michigan State. Making the conversion would have made no difference in Iowa winning the game, but Iowa still had to attempt it, so Ricky Stanzi simply knelt down, as a return by Michigan State would have tied the game and forced overtime.
In Canadian football, the scoring team is entitled to a conversion play after scoring with no time on the clock, but may choose to waive it if they feel it is not needed. Because head-to-head points scored is used as a tiebreaker in the standings between teams, they often choose to take it if is against a division opponent with whom a tie in the standings is possible. As in U.S. college football, Canadian football allows defenses to score two points for the successful return of a convert attempt.
2015–present[edit]
The CFL and NFL both implemented major changes to how conversions were attempted starting with their respective 2015 seasons.[5][6]
In the CFL, the line of scrimmage for a kick attempt moved back 20 yards to the 25-yard line while the line of scrimmage for a two-point attempt moved forward two yards to the three-yard line.
In the NFL, the line of scrimmage for a kick attempt moved back 13 yards to the 15-yard line, effectively placing the ball the same distance from the goalposts as in the CFL. The line of scrimmage for a two-point attempt remained at the two-yard line. However, NFL defenses became able to run back failed conversion attempts for a two-point score. On December 6, 2015, New Orleans Saints linebacker Stephone Anthony became the first player in NFL history to do so, after New Orleans blocked an extra-point kick by the Carolina Panthers.[7]
Finally, the NFL adopted the CFL rule allowing teams to waive "unnecessary" extra point attempts at the end of the game. Among the first prominent uses of this rule was following the Miracle in Motown Hail Mary pass by Green Bay Packers quarterback Aaron Rodgers; the Packers elected not to attempt the extra point, settling instead for a 27-23 win over the Detroit Lions.
As expected, the 2015 rule changes increased the frequency of two-point conversion attempts, from a rate of about five percent to about eight percent,[8] much of that increase coming from the Pittsburgh Steelers alone.[9]
Special overtime rules[edit]
In most cases in gridiron football, one point may be scored following a touchdown—bringing the total value of the touchdown to seven points—by place kicking the ball through the uprights. Exceptions occurs in overtime in some leagues. In American college football, if the game reaches the third or subsequent period of overtime, no further one-point kicks are allowed—only two-point conversions.[10] In the CFL, one-point (kicking) converts are not available in overtime; all convert attempts must be for two-point (rushing or passing) converts.[11]
Other leagues[edit]
In 1968, the AFL and NFL eliminated the extra-point kick for interleague preseason games, allowing only one-point scrimmage plays. The World Football League and XFL did the same in their short lives, though the XFL later implemented a variable system that allowed increasing point values for increasing the distance to the end zone on the attempt for its playoffs; that system was later adopted by the Stars Football League[citation needed] and, in a reduced form, the Legends Football League.[12] The CFL proposed to test the variable-distance scoring system during the 2015 preseason, but the proposal was rejected. In arena football, two points can also be scored by means of a drop-kicked field goal. Some youth football leagues turn the scoring upside-down to an extent, scoring one point for a running touchdown and two points for either a passing touchdown or field goal; six-man football follows a similar convention that rewards one point for a pass or run and two points for a kick.
See also[edit]
American football
Comparison of American and Canadian football#Points after touchdown
Glossary of American football
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Kerkhoff, Blair (December 5, 2016). "Eric Berry's 'pick-two' is a phantom on stats sheet". The Kansas City Star. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Tampa Bay Buccaneers at Green Bay Packers — September 25th, 2005". Pro-Football-Reference.com. 2005-09-25. Retrieved 2012-11-23.
Jump up ^ "Stephen Gostkowski's broken extra point streak proves costly". espn.go.com. 2016-01-25. Retrieved 2016-05-31.
Jump up ^ Forums.nfhs.org[permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Patra, Kevin (May 19, 2015). "NFL moves extra point to 15-yard line for 2015 season". National Football League. Retrieved May 21, 2015.
Jump up ^ Williams, Eric D. (May 19, 2015). "NFL changes PAT rule for 2015". ESPN.com. Retrieved May 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ Dabe, Christopher (December 6, 2015). "Stephone Anthony makes NFL history with return of blocked kick for 2-point conversion". nola.com. Retrieved December 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ Stuart, Chase (15 November 2016). "More NFL Teams Are Going For Two — Just As They Should Be". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
Jump up ^ https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/20/sports/football/pittsburgh-steelers-two-point-conversion.html
Jump up ^ Volk, Pete (September 1, 2016). "How does college football overtime work? A quick explainer, plus a video version". Sports Blog Nation. Retrieved October 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Section 8 — Tie Game". Canadian Football League Database. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.lflus.com/lfl-101
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Tiffany Coyne
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Tiffany Lynn Adams Coyne
Born
Tiffany Adams
(1982-05-06) May 6, 1982 (age 35)
Layton, Utah, United States
Nationality
American
Citizenship
United States
Occupation
Game show model
Spouse(s)
Chris Coyne
Children
Scarlett Rose Coyne (b. 1 August 2013)
Modeling information
Hair color
Blonde
Tiffany Adams Coyne (born May 6, 1982) is an American model and dancer. She is the model on Let's Make a Deal, having replaced Alison Fiori in 2009.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life and career
1.1 Personal life
2 References
3 External links
Early life and career[edit]
Tiffany Lynn Adams was born in Layton, Utah on May 6, 1982. She has two sisters, five step-sisters and two step-brothers.[1] When she was three years old she started dancing, focusing on jazz, hip hop, and ballet dancing. As a youth, her family moved a lot because her mother "liked to build houses." The family lived near Hill Air Force Base for a while. She went to middle school and one year of high school in West Haven, Utah. She completed her high school education at Northridge High School in Layton after the family moved back to the town. She was on the dance squad at nearby Fremont High School.[2] After graduating from high school in 2000 she was a performer for two seasons with the America First Jazz Dancers for the Utah Jazz.[2] During that time, she also taught dance classes locally.[2]
After working for the Jazz, she performed internationally on a cruise ship, including in Denmark, Sweden, Russia, and Norway.[2] She relocated to Las Vegas, Nevada and performed in Jubilee!, Fashionistas, and Sirens of TI.[2] She also appeared in informercials.[3] Let's Make a Deal relaunched in 2009 in Las Vegas. Coyne auditioned multiple times and was hired. She kept working at in the Sirens of TI as a back up plan in case Let's Make a Deal ended. She taped two episodes a day of Let's Make a Deal and then worked at Sirens of TI at night. Deal moved to Los Angeles and Coyne would drive back and forth five days a week to work on both shows. She relocated to Los Angeles to start season two of Deal. Her role as a model at Deal has been described as "to make prizes look better by her mere presence." To improve her improv skills while working with Wayne Brady and Jonathan Mangum, she took improv classes.[2]
She was on maternity leave for much of the first half of the 2013-14 season, and returned to taping September 2014.
Upon relocating to Los Angeles, Coyne played herself in The Bold and the Beautiful, was a stand in model for The Price Is Right, and modeled for United Airlines and Chase Bank.[2]
Personal life[edit]
Her father is of German descent, and her mother is of Hungarian descent. She is married to Chris Coyne, whom she met while working on a cruise ship. They live in Los Angeles, California. Their first child, Scarlett Rose, was born in August, 2013.[4]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Lowell, Lindsley. "Let's Make a Deal Model on Motherhood". GalTime. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Wright, Becky. "Tiffany Coyne the real deal". Hers. Utah: Standard-Examiner. Archived from the original on 2012-01-14. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
Jump up ^ "Tiffany Coyne". Let's Make a Deal. CBS. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
Jump up ^ Leon, Anya; Monica Rizzo. "Tiffany Coyne Welcomes Daughter Scarlett Rose". Moms & Babies. People. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
External links[edit]
Tiffany Coyne on Facebook
Tiffany Coyne on Twitter
Tiffany Coyne on Instagram
Tiffany Coyne on IMDb
"First News Nebraska has Fun with the Let's Make a Deal Cast"
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List of bridges and tunnels in New York City
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Manhattan Bridge and Brooklyn Bridge on the East River in 1981
New York City is home to over 2,000 bridges and tunnels. Several agencies manage this network of crossings, including the New York City Department of Transportation, Metropolitan Transportation Authority, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, New York State Department of Transportation and Amtrak.
Many of the city's major bridges and tunnels have broken or set records. Opened in 1927, the Holland Tunnel was the world's first mechanically ventilated underwater vehicular tunnel. The Brooklyn Bridge, Williamsburg Bridge, George Washington Bridge, and Verrazano-Narrows Bridge were the world's longest suspension bridges when opened in 1883,[1] 1903,[2] 1931,[3] and 1964[4] respectively.
Contents
[hide]
1 Bridges
1.1 Bridges by water body
1.1.1 East River
1.1.2 Harlem River
1.1.3 Hudson River
1.1.4 New York Bay
1.1.5 Newtown Creek
1.2 Other
1.2.1 The Bronx
1.2.2 Brooklyn
1.2.3 Queens
1.2.4 Staten Island
2 Tunnels
2.1 East River
2.2 Harlem River
2.3 Hudson River
2.4 Newtown Creek
3 Bridges and tunnels spanning land only
4 Bridges and tunnels by use
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Bridges[edit]
New York's crossings date back to 1693, when its first bridge, known as the King's Bridge, was constructed over Spuyten Duyvil Creek between Manhattan and the Bronx, located in the present-day Kingsbridge neighborhood. The bridge, composed of stone abutments and a timber deck, was demolished in 1917. The oldest crossing still standing is High Bridge, built 1848 to carry the Croton Aqueduct from Manhattan to the Bronx over the Harlem River.[5] This bridge was built to carry water to the city as part of the Croton Aqueduct system.
Ten bridges and one tunnel serving the city have been awarded some level of landmark status. The Holland Tunnel was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1993 in recognition of its pioneering role as the first mechanically ventilated vehicular underwater tunnel, operating since 1927. The George Washington, High Bridge, Hell Gate, Queensboro, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Macombs Dam, Carroll Street, University Heights, and Washington bridges have all received landmark status, as well.[5]
New York features bridges of many lengths and types, carrying vehicular, bicycle, pedestrian, and subway traffic. The George Washington Bridge, spanning the Hudson River between New York City and Fort Lee, New Jersey, is the world's busiest bridge in terms of vehicular traffic.[6][7] The George Washington, Verrazano-Narrows, and Brooklyn are noted for their architecture, while others are more well known for their functional importance, such as the Williamsburg Bridge with 8 vehicular lanes, 2 subway tracks, a bike lane, and pedestrian walkways.
Bridges by water body[edit]
East River[edit]
South Street Seaport, with the Brooklyn Bridge, Manhattan Bridge, and Williamsburg Bridge visible in the background
J train on the Williamsburg Bridge
From south to north:
Name
Opening year
Length
Carries
Comments
meters
feet
Brooklyn Bridge 1883 1,825 5,988 6 lanes of roadway (3 in each direction) Oldest suspension bridge. Also oldest suspension/cable-stayed hybrid bridge.
Manhattan Bridge 1909 2,089 6,854 7 lanes of roadway and B, D, N, and Q trains Double-decker bridge with 5 westbound lanes and 2 eastbound lanes. 3 of the westbound lanes and the subway are below the other 4 lanes.
Williamsburg Bridge 1903 2,227.48 7,308.0 8 lanes of roadway (4 in each direction) and J, M, and Z trains
Queensboro Bridge 1909 1,135 3,724 9 lanes of NY 25 (Queens Boulevard) Officially known as the Ed Koch Queensboro Bridge. Also known as 59th Street Bridge. Reversible 4 lanes on the upper deck, and 2 westbound/3 eastbound lanes on the lower deck.
Roosevelt Island Bridge 1955 876.91 2,877.0 2 lanes of roadway (1 in each direction) East channel only
Triborough Bridge (Suspension Bridge) 1936 850 2,790 8 lanes of I‑278 (4 in each direction) Officially known as the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge
Hell Gate Bridge 1916 310 1,020 3 rail tracks (2 of Northeast Corridor, 1 of New York Connecting Railroad)
Rikers Island Bridge 1966 1,280.16 4,200.0 2 lanes of roadway Only connects Rikers Island to Queens
Bronx–Whitestone Bridge 1939 1,149.10 3,770.0 6 lanes of I-678 (Whitestone Expressway)
Throgs Neck Bridge 1961 886.97 2,910.0 6 lanes of I-295 (Throgs Neck Expressway)
Harlem River[edit]
Wards Island Bridge in "open" position
From south to north, east to west:
Name
Opening year
Length
Carries
Comments
meters
feet
Wards Island Bridge 1951 285.6 937 Pedestrians and bicycles only
Triborough Bridge (Vertical-Lift Bridge) 1936 230 750 2 lanes of exit ramp from F.D.R. Drive Officially known as the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge
Willis Avenue Bridge 1901 979 3,212 4 lanes of roadway Northbound traffic only
Third Avenue Bridge 1898 853.44 2,800.0 5 lanes of roadway Southbound traffic only
Park Avenue Bridge 1956 100 330 4 tracks of Metro-North
Madison Avenue Bridge 1910 577 1,893 4 lanes of roadway
145th Street Bridge 1905 489 1,604 4 lanes of roadway
Macombs Dam Bridge 1895 774 2,539 4 lanes of roadway
High Bridge 1848 600 2,000 Pedestrian walkway and bicycle lanes Oldest surviving bridge in New York City
Alexander Hamilton Bridge 1963 724 2,375 8 lanes of I‑95 and US 1
Washington Bridge 1888 723.9 2,375 5 lanes of roadway
University Heights Bridge 1908 82 269 2 lanes of roadway
Broadway Bridge 1962 170.08 558.0 4 lanes of Broadway/ US 9 and the 1 train Also known as Harlem Ship Canal Bridge
Henry Hudson Bridge 1936 673 2,208 6 lanes of NY 9A / Henry Hudson Parkway Double-decked bridge
Spuyten Duyvil Bridge 1899 186 610 1 track of Empire Corridor Swing bridge
Hudson River[edit]
George Washington Bridge, spanning the Hudson River between New York City and New Jersey. Historic American Engineering Record photo
Verrazano-Narrows Bridge
Name
Opening year
Length
Carries
Comments
meters
feet
George Washington Bridge 1931 1,450.85 4,760.0 14 lanes of I‑95 / US 1 / US 9 / US 46 Double-deck, 8 lanes on upper level, 6 lanes on lower level. 7 lanes in each direction.
New York Bay[edit]
Name
Opening year
Length
Carries
Comments
meters
feet
Verrazano-Narrows Bridge 1964 2,039.1 6,690 12 lanes of I‑278 Double-deck, 6 lanes on each level. 6 lanes in each direction.
Newtown Creek[edit]
Borden Avenue, Long Island City
Name
Opening year
Length
Carries
Comments
meters
feet
Kosciuszko Bridge 1939 1,835 6,020 6 lanes of I‑278 Replacement in construction
Pulaski Bridge 1954 860 2,820 6 lanes of McGuinness Boulevard Drawbridge
J. J. Byrne Memorial Bridge 1987[8] 55 180 4 lanes of Greenpoint Avenue a.k.a. Greenpoint Avenue Bridge
Drawbridge
Grand Street Bridge 1903[8] 69.2 227 1 lane of Grand Avenue Swing bridge; one-lane bridge
Metropolitan Avenue Bridge 1933[8] 33.8 111 4 lanes of Grand Street and Metropolitan Avenue Drawbridge; Crosses English Kills, a tributary of Newtown Creek[8]
Other[edit]
The Bronx[edit]
Name
Opening year
Length
Carries
Comments
Bronx Kill
Robert F. Kennedy Bridge (truss bridge) 1936 490 metres (1,610 ft) 8 lanes of I‑278 Formerly known as the Triborough Bridge
Hutchinson River (heading downriver)
Eastchester Bridge 1926 0.4 miles 4 lanes of Boston Road ( US 1)
I-95 bridge 1917 5,280 feet 6 lanes of I‑95
Hutchinson River Parkway Bridge 1941 205 metres (673 ft) 6 lanes of Hutchinson River Parkway Drawbridge
Hutchinson River Bridge
1908 81 feet (25 m) Northeast Corridor (Amtrak) Also called Amtrak Pelham Bay Bridge
Pelham Bridge 1908 272 metres (892 ft) 4 lanes of Shore Road Drawbridge
Westchester Creek
Unionport Bridge 1953 160.3 metres (526 ft) 7 lanes of I‑278 (Bruckner Boulevard) / I‑95
Bronx River
Eastern Boulevard Bridge 1953 193.2 metres (634 ft) I‑278 Drawbridge
Eastchester Bay
City Island Bridge 1901 290 metres (950 ft) 3 lanes of City Island Avenue
Brooklyn[edit]
Ninth Street Bridge, spanning Gowanus Canal in Brooklyn.
Name
Opening year
Length
Carries
Comments
Gowanus Canal
Union Street Bridge 1905[9] 600 feet 2 lanes of Union Street Drawbridge
Carroll Street Bridge 1889[9] 300 feet 2 lanes of Carroll Street New York City Designated Landmark and one of four retractable bridges in the country[10]
Third Street Bridge 1905[9] 350 feet Third Street
Ninth Street Bridge 1999[9] 700 feet Ninth Street
Culver Viaduct 1938[11] 0.6 miles IND Culver Line (F and G trains)
Hamilton Avenue Bridge 1942[9] 0.7 miles Hamilton Avenue
Gowanus Expressway 1941[12] 9 lanes of I-278 (Gowanus Expressway)
Mill Basin
Mill Basin Bridge 1963 0.8 miles 6 lanes of Belt Parkway
Rockaway Inlet (Brooklyn and Queens)
Marine Parkway–Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge 1937 1226 m 4 lanes of Flatbush Avenue
Queens[edit]
Name
Opening year
Length
Carries
Comments
Dutch Kills
Borden Avenue Bridge 1908[8] 100 feet 2 lanes of Borden Avenue One of four retractable bridges in the country[10]
Hunters Point Avenue Bridge 1910[8] 500 feet Hunters Point Avenue
Jamaica Bay
Cross Bay Veterans Memorial Bridge 1970 0.7 miles 6 lanes Cross Bay Boulevard
The Joseph P. Addabbo Memorial Bridge 1971 0.7 miles 6 lanes of Cross Bay Boulevard
North Channel Swing Bridge (A train) Not actually a movable bridge.
Howard Beach to Broad Channel.
Beach Channel Drawbridge (A and S trains) Broad Channel to The Rockaways
102nd Street Bridge Connecting Hamilton Beach at Russell Street with Howard Beach, also known as "Lenihan's Bridge".
Hawtree Creek Bridge 163rd Avenue and 99th Street in Howard Beach across to Hamilton Beach at Rau Court and Davenport Court
Rockaway Inlet (Brooklyn and Queens)
Marine Parkway-Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge 1937 1226 m 4 lanes of Flatbush Avenue
Staten Island[edit]
Name
Opening year
Length
Carries
Comments
Arthur Kill
Goethals Bridge 1928 2164.08 m 4 lanes (2 very tight lanes in each direction) of I‑278 Being replaced.
Arthur Kill Vertical Lift Bridge 1959 170.08 m CSX and M&E rail lines
Outerbridge Crossing 1928 3093 m 4 lanes of Route 440; NY 440
Kill Van Kull
Bayonne Bridge 1931 1761.74 m 2 lanes of NY 440; Route 440 Being raised; 2 lanes are open during construction, with the full 4 lanes becoming available once the roadway raising project is complete.
Tunnels[edit]
The Queens–Midtown Tunnel
Each of the tunnels that run underneath the East and Hudson Rivers were marvels of engineering when first constructed. The Holland Tunnel is the oldest of the vehicular tunnels, opening to great fanfare in 1927 as the first mechanically ventilated underwater tunnel. The Queens Midtown Tunnel was opened in 1940 to relieve the congestion on the city's bridges. Each of its tubes were designed 1.5 feet (0.46 m) wider than the Holland Tunnel in order to accommodate the wider cars of the period. When the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel opened in 1950, it was the longest continuous underwater vehicular tunnel in North America, a title it still holds.[13] The Lincoln Tunnel has three tubes linking midtown Manhattan to New Jersey, a configuration that provides the flexibility to provide four lanes in one direction during rush hours, or three lanes in both direction.
All four underwater road tunnels were built by Ole Singstad: the Holland Tunnel's original chief engineer Clifford Milburn Holland died, as did his successor, Milton H. Freeman, after which Singstad became chief engineer, finishing the Holland Tunnel and then building the remaining tunnels.
East River[edit]
PATH train emerging from the Hudson tubes, into the Exchange Place station
Traveling through the Holland Tunnel, from Manhattan to Jersey City, New Jersey.
From south to north:
Name
Opening year
Length
Carries
Comments
Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel 1950 2,779 m (9,117 ft) 4 lanes of I-478 Officially known as the Hugh L. Carey Tunnel
Joralemon Street Tunnel 1908 2,709 m (8,888 ft) IRT Lexington Avenue Line (4 and 5 trains)
Montague Street Tunnel 1920 2,136 m (7,009 ft) BMT Broadway Line (N, R, and W trains)
Clark Street Tunnel 1919 1,800 m (5,900 ft) IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line (2 and 3 trains)
Cranberry Street Tunnel 1933 IND Eighth Avenue Line (A and C trains)
Rutgers Street Tunnel 1936 IND Sixth Avenue Line (F train)
14th Street Tunnel 1924 BMT Canarsie Line (L train)
East River Tunnels 1910 1,204 m (3,949 ft) part of the New York Tunnel Extension
Amtrak and Long Island Rail Road (Northeast Corridor)
Queens–Midtown Tunnel 1940 1,955 m (6,414 ft) 4 lanes of I-495 (Long Island Expressway)
Steinway Tunnel 1915 IRT Flushing Line (7 and <7> trains)
53rd Street Tunnel 1933 IND Queens Boulevard Line (E and M trains)
60th Street Tunnel 1920 BMT Broadway Line (N, R, and W trains)
63rd Street Tunnel 1989 960 m (3,140 ft) upper level: IND 63rd Street Line (F train) Lower level: future LIRR to Grand Central Terminal
Ravenswood Tunnel 1892 carrying electricity, natural gas, steam, and number 6 fuel oil under the East River and Roosevelt Island between the Big Allis power plant in Astoria and the Upper East Side[14]
Harlem River[edit]
From south to north:
Name
Opening year
Length
Carries
Comments
Lexington Avenue Tunnel 1918 391 m (1,283 ft) IRT Lexington Avenue Line (4, 5, 6, and <6> trains)
149th Street Tunnel 1905 195 m (641 ft) IRT White Plains Road Line (2 train)
Concourse Tunnel 1933 IND Concourse Line (B and D trains)
Hudson River[edit]
From south to north:
Name
Opening year
Length
Carries
Comments
Downtown Hudson Tubes 1909 1,720 m (5,650 ft) Montgomery-Cortlandt Tunnels
Port Authority Trans-Hudson
Holland Tunnel 1927 south tube: 2,551 m (8,371 ft)
north tube: 2,608 m (8,558 ft) 4 lanes of I-78 (Canal Street); Route 139 (NJ side)
Uptown Hudson Tubes 1908 1,700 m (5,500 ft) Hoboken-Morton Tunnels
Port Authority Trans-Hudson
North River Tunnels 1910 1,900 m (6,100 ft) part of New York Tunnel Extension
Amtrak and New Jersey Transit (Northeast Corridor)
Lincoln Tunnel south tube: 1957
center tube: 1937
north tube: 1945 south tube: 2,440 m (8,006 ft)
center tube: 2,504 m (8,216 ft)
north tube: 2,281 m (7,482 ft) 6 lanes of I-495 (Long Island Expressway (Under land, on NY side)) / NY 495 (NY side); Route 495 (NJ side)
Newtown Creek[edit]
Name
Opening year
Carries
Comments
Greenpoint Tube 1933 IND Crosstown Line (G train)
Bridges and tunnels spanning land only[edit]
Park Avenue Tunnel 1, Park Avenue Viaduct, and Park Avenue Tunnel 2, Manhattan
Battery Park Underpass, Manhattan
Cobble Hill Tunnel, Brooklyn
First Avenue Tunnel from 42nd Street to 47th Street, Manhattan
Trinity Place Bridge, Manhattan
Bridges and tunnels by use[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2007) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The relative average number of inbound vehicles between 5 a.m. and 11 a.m. to Midtown and Lower Manhattan is:
Queensboro Bridge: 31,000
Lincoln Tunnel: 25,944
Brooklyn Bridge: 22,241
Williamsburg Bridge: 18,339
Queens-Midtown Tunnel: 17,968
Holland Tunnel: 16,257
Brooklyn Battery Tunnel: 14,496
Manhattan Bridge: 13,818
See also[edit]
List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in New York
List of tunnels documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in New York
List of fixed crossings of the East River
List of crossings of the Harlem River
List of fixed crossings of the Hudson River
List of bridges in Pittsburgh
References[edit]
New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT). "Movable Bridges in the Bronx." Accessed 2015-08-25.
Jump up ^ "NYC DOT - Brooklyn Bridge". Retrieved 2012-02-24.
Jump up ^ "NYC DOT - Williamsburg Bridge". Retrieved 2012-02-24.
Jump up ^ "History - George Washington Bridge - The Port Authority of NY & NJ". Retrieved 2012-02-24.
Jump up ^ "Verrazano-Narrows Bridge". Retrieved 2012-02-24.
^ Jump up to: a b "NYC DOT - Frequently Asked Questions about Bridges". Retrieved 2012-02-24.
Jump up ^ "Port Authority of New York and New Jersey - George Washington Bridge". The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ Bod Woodruff; Lana Zak & Stephanie Wash (November 20, 2012). "GW Bridge Painters: Dangerous Job on Top of the World's Busiest Bridge". ABC News. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Movable Bridges over Newtown Creek and its Tributaries". New York City. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e New York City Dept. of Transportation. "Bridges over the Gowanus Canal". New York City. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Berger, Joseph (May 13, 2013). "Antique Bridge Closed to Traffic While It's Open for Repairs". New York Times. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
Jump up ^ McGill, John. "Underline: The Culver Viaduct". Urban Omnibus. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ "Hugh L. Carey Tunnel (formerly Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel)". MTA Bridges & Tunnels. Retrieved 2015-12-02.
Jump up ^ Tunnel Under The East River
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to bridges in New York City and tunnels in New York City.
Bridge information
Bridges by use
NYC DOT list of movable bridges
Bridges NYC [history of bridges in New York City and surrounding areas]
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The Rehabilitation Center at Hollywood Hills
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Rehabilitation Center at Hollywood Hills was a private nursing home located in Hollywood, Florida, United States with 152 beds. It was owned by Jack Michel and affiliated with Larkin Community Hospital. It was acquired by Hollywood Property Investments in 2015.[1]
The facility offered services such as advanced nursing care, 24 hour nursing care, tube feeding and nutritional management.[2]
The facility was rated below average on inspections, staffing and quality of care, according to a federal scorecard.[3]
Hurricane Irma[edit]
After losing its air conditioning during Hurricane Irma in 2017, 10 people died at the nursing home or shortly after arriving at hospitals. The facility had previously been cited for failing to maintain the emergency generator.[4][5] Portable A/C units were in use.[6] Subsequently 145 patients were sent to Memorial Regional Hospital.[7] In a press release the company stated, "The Center and its medical and administrative staff diligently prepared for the impact of Hurricane Irma".[8]
A moratorium on admissions was placed by the Agency for Health Care Administration.[3] It was removed from Medicaid. Police have opened a criminal investigation into the deaths at the center, which city officials have said continued to operate with little or no air conditioning after power was cut off by Irma, which struck the state on September 10.[9]
Closure[edit]
An emergency order on Wednesday, September 20, 2017 by the Florida Agency for Health Care Administration (AHCA) suspended the home's license to operate, after the deaths in the aftermath of Irma.[10] On the same day, the facility closed permanently, laying off 245 people.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Larkin Community Hospital closes on Hollywood nursing home". The Real Deal Miami. 2015-07-21. Retrieved 2017-09-14.
Jump up ^ "Hollywood Hills Rehabilitation Center, LLC: Private Company Information - Bloomberg". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2017-09-14.
^ Jump up to: a b Florida, Jim Saunders, News Service of. "State regulators block admissions to Florida nursing home after 8 residents died". Orlando Weekly. Retrieved 2017-09-14.
Jump up ^ Fedschun, Travis (2017-09-14). "Florida nursing home where 8 died after Hurricane Irma previously cited for generator issues". Fox News. Retrieved 2017-09-14.
Jump up ^ Reisner, Neil; Fink, Sheri; Yee, Vivian (2017-09-13). "Eight Dead From Sweltering Nursing Home as Florida Struggles After Irma". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-09-14.
Jump up ^ CNN, Nicole Chavez and Michael Nedelman,. "8 dead after 'excessively hot' conditions in Florida nursing home". CNN. Retrieved 2017-09-14.
Jump up ^ "8 Die At Florida Nursing Home After Irma, Leaving A Host Of Questions". NPR.org. Retrieved 2017-09-14.
Jump up ^ "The Rehabilitation Center at Hollywood Hills | Nursing Home | Memorial Regional Hospital". hollywoodhillsrehab.com. Retrieved 2017-09-14.
Jump up ^ Pounds, Marcia Heroux. "245 workers laid off at nursing home where residents died in heat". Sun-Sentinel.com. Retrieved 2017-10-17.
Jump up ^ Andrews, Travis M. "Officials shutter Florida nursing home where 8 died after Irma". Sun-Sentinel.com. Retrieved 2017-10-17.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Rehabilitation_Center_at_Hollywood_Hills&oldid=807910787"
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Dumb and Dumber
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the film. For the animated series based on the film, see Dumb and Dumber (TV series).
Dumb and Dumber
Theatrical release poster, parodying Forrest Gump
Directed by
Peter Farrelly
Produced by
Charles B. Wessler
Brad Krevoy
Steve Stabler
Aaron Meyerson
Written by
Peter Farrelly
Bobby Farrelly
Bennett Yellin
Starring
Jim Carrey
Jeff Daniels
Music by
Todd Rundgren
Cinematography
Mark Irwin
Edited by
Christopher Greenbury
Production
companies
Katja Motion Picture Corporation[1]
Krevoy/Stabler/Wessler Production[2]
Distributed by
New Line Cinema[1]
Release date
December 16, 1994 (1994-12-16)
Running time
106 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$17 million[3]
Box office
$247.3 million[4]
Dumb and Dumber is a 1994 American comedy film directed by Peter Farrelly,[1][2] who co-wrote the screenplay with Bobby Farrelly and Bennett Yellin. Starring Jim Carrey and Jeff Daniels, it tells the story of Lloyd Christmas (Carrey) and Harry Dunne (Daniels), two unintelligent but well-meaning friends from Providence, Rhode Island who set out on a cross-country trip to Aspen, Colorado to return a briefcase full of money to its owner, thinking it was abandoned as a mistake but was actually left as ransom money. Lauren Holly, Karen Duffy, Mike Starr, Charles Rocket, and Teri Garr play supporting roles.
The film was released on December 16, 1994. It grossed $247 million at the box office and has developed a cult following in the years since its release.[4][5] The success of Dumb and Dumber launched the career of the Farrelly brothers and solidified Carrey's.[6] The film also spawned an animated TV series, a 2003 prequel, and a 2014 sequel.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Location
4 Soundtrack
4.1 Track listing
4.2 Omissions
5 Reception
5.1 Critical response
5.2 Awards
5.3 Box office
6 Legacy
6.1 Animated series
6.2 Prequel
6.3 Sequel
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
Lloyd Christmas and Harry Dunne, two kindly but dimwitted men, are best friends and roommates living in Providence, Rhode Island. Lloyd, a chip-toothed limousine driver, immediately falls in love when he meets Mary Swanson a woman he is driving to the airport. She leaves a briefcase in the terminal; Lloyd, unaware that it contains ransom money for her kidnapped husband, Bobby, and that she was supposed to leave it there for the kidnappers to pick up, retrieves it and tries to return it to her before the kidnappers can get it. Her Aspen-bound plane has already departed, leading to Lloyd running through and falling out of the jetway.
Fired from his job, Lloyd returns to his apartment and learns that Harry has also been fired from his dog-grooming job after delivering dogs late to a show and accidentally getting them dirty. Bobby's kidnappers, Joe "Mental" Mentalino and J. P. Shay, follow Lloyd home from the airport in pursuit of the briefcase. Mistaking the crooks for debt collectors, the duo flee the apartment and return later to find that Mental and Shay have decapitated Harry's parakeet. Lloyd suggests they head to Aspen to find Mary and return the briefcase, hoping she can "plug them into the social pipeline." At first, Harry opposes the idea, but he eventually agrees and the duo leaves the next day.
Mental and Shay catch up to the duo at a motel that night. Posing as a hitchhiker, Mental is picked up by Harry and Lloyd while Shay secretly follows them. During a lunch stop, the duo prank Mental with chili peppers in his burger, not knowing of his ulcer. When Mental reacts adversely, they accidentally kill him with rat poison pills (which he planned to use on them) after mistaking it for his medication. Nearing Colorado, Lloyd takes a wrong turn and ends up driving all night through Nebraska, while the police waiting on the road to Colorado expect them to show up after finding out about Mental's death. Upon waking up and realizing Lloyd's mishap, Harry gives up on the journey and decides to walk home, but Lloyd later persuades him to continue after trading the van for a minibike.
The two arrive in Aspen, but are unable to locate Mary. After a short scuffle over some gloves that night, the briefcase breaks open and they discover the money. They "borrow" it for a hotel suite, clothes and a Lamborghini Diablo. They learn that Mary and her family are hosting a gala and prepare to attend. At the gala, Harry, attempting to lure Mary over to Lloyd, reluctantly agrees to go skiing with her the next day and lies to Lloyd that he got him a date. The next day, Lloyd finds out Harry lied to him after waiting all day for Mary at the hotel bar.
In retaliation, Lloyd pranks Harry with coffee laced with laxative, causing him to defecate in a broken toilet at Mary's house. Lloyd arrives at Mary's house and informs her that he has her briefcase. He takes her to the hotel, shows her the briefcase, and confesses his love after some initial struggle; she rejects him, as she is already married. Nicholas Andre, an old friend of the Swansons and the mastermind behind Bobby's kidnapping, arrives with Shay and, upon learning that Harry and Lloyd had spent all of the ransom money and replaced it with IOUs, takes Lloyd and Mary hostage, as well as Harry when he returns. An argument leads Nicholas to shoot Harry. Before Nicholas can kill them, an FBI team led by Beth Jordon (whom Harry met earlier at a gas station) raids the suite and arrests him and Shay and Harry is revealed to be alive thanks to a bulletproof vest that was strapped on him earlier. Mary and Bobby are reunited. Lloyd, jealous that he can never be with Mary because she is married, fantasizes about shooting Bobby dead.
The next day, Harry and Lloyd begin walking home. All of the items they bought were confiscated and their moped has broken down. The two unknowingly decline the chance to be oil boys for a group of bikini girls, after which Harry tells Lloyd that they will get their "break" one day. Harry and Lloyd then play a friendly game of tag as they walk back home.
Cast[edit]
Jim Carrey as Lloyd Christmas
A chip-toothed, deranged slacker who has been fired from several jobs. He has a crush on Mary Swanson, unaware that she is married.
Jeff Daniels as Harry Dunne
Lloyd's best friend and roommate. Though dim-witted, Harry is slightly more intelligent than Lloyd and can be said to be the "Dumb" of the title to Lloyd's "Dumber".
Lauren Holly as Mary Swanson
A wealthy but troubled heiress whose husband Bobby has been kidnapped.
Karen Duffy as J.P. Shay
A henchwoman of Nicholas Andre.
Mike Starr as Joe "Mental" Mentalino
A henchman for Nicholas Andre. He has a stomach ulcer and regularly takes medication for it.
Charles Rocket as Nicholas Andre
A greedy, wealthy resident of Aspen, Colorado and the mastermind behind Bobby's kidnapping.
Teri Garr as Helen Swanson
Mary's stepmother.
Victoria Rowell as Beth Jordan (credited as "Athletic Beauty")
An FBI agent masquerading as a talkative young woman moving to Aspen to get away from her boyfriend.
Cam Neely as Sea Bass
A trucker who gets into frequent confrontations with Harry and Lloyd on their way to Aspen. Their first encounter was at a Pennsylvania diner.
Joe Baker as Barnard
Harland Williams as the motorcycle police officer
Brad Lockerman as Bobby Swanson
Mary's kidnapped husband
Lin Shaye as Mrs. Neugeboren (referred to by Harry as "Mrs. Noogieburger")
A dog owner and client of Harry's.
Hank Brandt as Karl Swanson
Mary's father
Felton Perry as Detective Dale
Brady Bluhm as Billy
a blind and young boy who uses a wheelchair, to whom Lloyd sold some of his and Harry's belongings, including Harry's decapitated parakeet.
Connie Sawyer as elderly lady
Production[edit]
The Farrelly Brothers had been trying for years to get their first movie made, and it was only when Director Peter Farrelly's agent encouraged him to make a movie himself along with his brother Bobby.
The Farrelly Brothers didn't know who Jim Carrey was, they were only told that he was known as "The White Guy" in In Living Color, it was only after when the Brothers were invited to watch the screening of Carrey's first major acting role and the first of his 1994 hits Ace Ventura: Pet Detective, they realized they had struck gold, and based on the box-office success of Ace Ventura: Pet Detective (1994), received a salary of $7 million for this film.[7]
Jeff Daniels was only paid around $50,000. New Line Cinema originally did not want Daniels in the film, as he was known only for his dramatic work at the time. The Farrelly Brothers and Carrey fought to have him cast and won out, but the studio offered Daniels the low salary in the hopes it would discourage him from signing on to the film. Daniels ultimately accepted the role.[8]
Steve Martin and Martin Short both turned down the role of Lloyd.[9] According to Splitsider, Nicolas Cage and Gary Oldman were the original choices for Harry and Lloyd.[10] Chris Elliott and Rob Lowe were both considered for the role of Harry.[10]
Jim Carrey's chipped tooth is genuine, resulting from a tussle with a schoolfellow in his boyhood, but he had since had it capped. He simply had the crown temporarily removed from that tooth to portray Lloyd.[11]
Location[edit]
Scenes taking place in Aspen were filmed in Breckenridge, Colorado and Park City, Utah. The Stanley Hotel in Estes Park, Colorado was transformed into the "Danbury Hotel" for the filming of the movie. The "Danbury Hotel" bar scene and staircase shot were the shots filmed there. The scenes filmed in the snow were shot at Copper Mountain Resort, Colorado.[12]
The truck stop shots, salt shaker Sea Bass diner scene, leg on fire at the gas pump, restroom assault scene, and two-lane country road scenes were filmed in and around Fort Morgan, Colorado with a number of locals filling the extra roles.[citation needed]
Some of the external street scenes were filmed in Salt Lake City, and the airport scene was filmed at Salt Lake City International Airport.[13]
Some scenes from the beginning of the film were shot on location in the Providence, Rhode Island, metropolitan area, including shots of the skyline and The Big Blue Bug; scenes from the beginning of their road trip were shot in locations in Cumberland, Rhode Island.[14][better source needed]
Parts of the film were also shot in Ogden, Utah and American Fork Canyon.[15]
Soundtrack[edit]
Dumb and Dumber: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
Soundtrack album by Various Artists
Released
November 22, 1994
Genre
Soundtrack
Length
46:51
Label
RCA Records
Producer
Various Artists
Singles from Dumb and Dumber: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
"New Age Girl"
Released: June 6, 1994
"The Ballad of Peter Pumpkinhead"
Released: January 1995
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source
Rating
Allmusic Dumb and Dumber at AllMusic. Retrieved 9-28-2014.
Dumb and Dumber: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the original soundtrack to the film and was released by RCA Records on November 22, 1994.[16]
Track listing[edit]
No.
Title
Artist
Length
1. "The Ballad of Peter Pumpkinhead" (featuring Ellen Reid) Crash Test Dummies 3:46
2. "New Age Girl" Deadeye Dick 3:28
3. "Insomniac" Echobelly 4:15
4. "If You Don't Love Me (I'll Kill Myself)" Pete Droge 3:33
5. "Crash (The '95 Mix)" The Primitives 3:14
6. "Whiney, Whiney (What Really Drives Me Crazy)" Willi One Blood 3:36
7. "Where I Find My Heaven" Gigolo Aunts 3:25
8. "Hurdy Gurdy Man" Butthole Surfers 3:57
9. "Too Much of a Good Thing" (featuring Bret Reilly) The Sons 5:15
10. "The Bear Song" Green Jellÿ 2:41
11. "Take" The Lupins 3:01
12. "You Sexy Thing" Deee-Lite 4:07
13. "Get Ready" The Proclaimers 3:02
Total length: 46:51
Omissions[edit]
"Love Theme" by Todd Rundgren, the track played during one of the earliest scenes when Lloyd Christmas falls in love for the first time with Mary Swanson, was omitted from the official release. The song "The Rain, The Park & Other Things" by The Cowsills was not on the soundtrack, although it was played quite prominently in the montage of Lloyd fantasizing about Mary, nor was "Oh, Pretty Woman" by Roy Orbison, though it was featured prominently in the make-over montage.
Also missing are "Can We Still Be Friends" by Todd Rundgren (who also wrote the original soundtrack), "Rollin' Down the Hill" by The Rembrandts, "Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm" by the Crash Test Dummies, "Red Right Hand" by Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, "Boom Shack-A-Lak" by Apache Indian, and "Make Love Now" by Patrick Wilson. "2 Ft. 0' Butt Crack" by Circle The Wagons (ft. Bruce Greenwood) was also omitted from the soundtrack.[17]
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 67% of 52 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating is 5.9/10. The site's consensus reads: "A relentlessly stupid comedy elevated by its main actors: Jim Carrey goes bonkers and Jeff Daniels carries himself admirably in an against-type performance."[18] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from film critics, it has a score of 41 based on reviews from 14 critics, which indicates mixed or average reviews.[19]
Roger Ebert gave the film two of four stars (despite praise for the performances of Carrey and Daniels, dubbing the former a "true original", and the dead parakeet joke).[20] Stephen Holden of The New York Times called Carrey "the new Jerry Lewis",[21] and Peter Stack of the San Francisco Chronicle called it "riotous", "rib-splitting", and gave the film praise for being both a crude and slapstick comedy and a "smart comedy" at the same time.[22] Carrey was nominated for a Razzie Award for "Worst New Star".[23]
It has since become a cult film.[5]
Awards[edit]
Although the film did not secure any major American film awards, it was successful at the 1995 MTV Movie Awards. Carrey won for Best Comic Performance, Carrey and Holly (a couple who would later endure a short-lived marriage) won for Best Kiss, and Carrey and Daniels were nominated for Best On-Screen Duo.
In 2000, readers of Total Film magazine voted Dumb and Dumber the fifth greatest comedy film of all time.[citation needed] The film ranks 445th on Empire Magazine's 2008 list of the 500 greatest movies of all time.[24]
Box office[edit]
The film opened at No. 1 in its opening weekend earning $16.4 million.[25] It went on to gross $127,175,374 in the United States, and $247,275,374 worldwide, and topping the holiday season film gross.[26]
Legacy[edit]
Animated series[edit]
Main article: Dumb and Dumber (TV series)
Title card for the cartoon
In 1995, a Hanna-Barbera-produced animated series aired on ABC, as part of its Saturday morning cartoon lineup; Matt Frewer provided the voice of Lloyd, while Bill Fagerbakke voiced Harry. In the cartoon, Harry and Lloyd have reacquired their van, now named "Otto". The cartoon also features a new character, Kitty, a female pet purple beaver who appears to be smarter than both men. The animated series was written by Bennett Yellin, co-writer of the film. The show was short-lived and was shelved after one season.[citation needed]
Prequel[edit]
Main article: Dumb and Dumberer: When Harry Met Lloyd
In 2003, a prequel was theatrically released, entitled Dumb and Dumberer: When Harry Met Lloyd. The film featured a cast and crew different from the previous film, and the Farrelly brothers had no involvement in the film's production. It was heavily panned by critics, receiving a 10% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. It grossed approximately $39.2 million worldwide against a $19 million budget, as opposed to the original film's far greater $247 million worldwide gross against a $17 million budget.[27][28]
Sequel[edit]
Main article: Dumb and Dumber To
In October 2011, the Farrelly brothers confirmed that they would make a sequel to Dumb and Dumber.[29] The sequel, titled Dumb and Dumber To, was shot in the fall of 2013. Carrey and Daniels returned to lead the film, and Bobby and Peter Farrelly returned to direct along with original screenwriter Bennett Yellin, and actors reprising their roles from the first film include Brady Bluhm, who played Billy in (Apartment) 4C, and Cam Neely, who played Sea Bass. Dumb and Dumber To was released on November 14, 2014.[30]
Unlike the original film, Dumb and Dumber To was not released by Warner Bros. Pictures but rather by Universal Pictures.[31] Despite Warner having no involvement in the film, its New Line Cinema division, which produced the first film and the prequel, was still given studio credit from Universal.[32][33]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Dumb and Dumber (1994)". American Film Institute. Retrieved May 24, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Dumb & Dumber (1994)". British Film Institute. Retrieved May 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ Box Office Information for Dumb and Dumber. The Wrap. Retrieved April 4, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Dumb and Dumber at Box Office Mojo
^ Jump up to: a b Alexander, Brian (November 16, 2014). "'Dumb and Dumber To' is top of box office class". USA Today. Retrieved August 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Jim Carrey Biography". Bio. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Cameron-Wilson, James; Speed, F. Maurice (1994). Film Review 1994-5. Great Britain: Virgin Books. p. 146. ISBN 0-86369-842-5
Jump up ^ "Jim Carrey Was Paid 140 Times More Than Jeff Daniels For Original 'Dumb And Dumber'". Business Insider.
Jump up ^ Katz, Paul (January 6, 2006). "Is the new Dumb and Dumber DVD an improvement?". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved August 28, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Evans, Bradford (23 June 2011). "The Lost Roles of Dumb & Dumber". Splitsider. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
Jump up ^ Meyers, Kate (February 3, 1995). "Jim Carrey's fake tooth". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved August 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ Adventure-Journal Archived 2014-09-02 at the Wayback Machine., Adventure-Journal 10 Mountains Misrepresented in Movies
Jump up ^ Wolf, Colin (November 12, 2014). "When Utah Was Dumber: Take a tour of Utah's most iconic Dumb & Dumber shot locations". Salt Lake City Weekly. Archived from the original on November 15, 2014. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ Zarrella, Mia (July 14, 2015). "10 Movies You Might Not Know Were Filmed In Rhode Island". WWKX. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ D'Arc, James V. (2010). When Hollywood came to town: a history of moviemaking in Utah (1st ed.). Layton, Utah: Gibbs Smith. ISBN 9781423605874.
Jump up ^ Playlist as listed on the Compact Disc — retrieved on 8/12/13
Jump up ^ "2 FT. 0' BUTT CRACK". YouTube. Retrieved 2018-04-18.
Jump up ^ "Dumb and Dumber". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2011-08-27.
Jump up ^ "Critic Reviews for Dumb & Dumber at Metacritic". Metacritic.com. Retrieved 2015-09-17.
Jump up ^ "Dumb And Dumber". Chicago Sun-Times.
Jump up ^ Holden, Stephen (December 16, 1994). "FILM REVIEW; Traveling on Half a Tank". The New York Times. [dead link]
Jump up ^ "FILM REVIEW -- 'Dumb and Dumber' a Smart Comedy With Lowbrow Laughs". San Francisco Chronicle. June 23, 1995.
Jump up ^ Reed, Ryan (2014-11-03). "In Defense of the Stupid Brilliance of Dumb and Dumber". Esquire. Retrieved 2015-09-17.
Jump up ^ "Empire Features". Empireonline.com. Retrieved 2011-08-27.
Jump up ^ Scott Bowles (November 13, 2014). "Can 'Dumb And Dumber To' Outwit Holdovers?: Box Office Preview". Deadline.com. Retrieved November 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ Weinraub, Bernard (January 3, 1995). "'Dumb and Dumber' Tops Holiday Film Grosses". The New York Times. Retrieved May 1, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Dumb and Dumberer: When Harry Met Lloyd (2003)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
Jump up ^ "Dumb and Dumberer: When Harry Met Lloyd". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
Jump up ^ Fleming, Jr., Mike. "Peter And Bobby Farrelly Plan More 'Dumb And Dumber' For Jim Carrey & Jeff Daniels". Deadline. Retrieved 7 November 2013.
Jump up ^ Kristobak, Ryan (19 November 2013). "'Dumb And Dumber To' Release Date Set For Nov. 14, 2014". Huffington Post. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
Jump up ^ Fleming, Jr., Mike. "TOLDJA! 'Dumb And Dumber To' Proves No-Brainer For Universal; Studio Locks Deal For Farrellys, Jim Carrey, Jeff Daniels Pic". Deadline. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Goldberg, Matt. "New Poster for DUMB AND DUMBER TO; First Trailer Premieres Tonight". Collider.com. Retrieved 2014-06-17.
Jump up ^ "Dumb and Dumber To Poster". Collider.com. Retrieved 2014-06-17.
External links[edit]
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