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Republican Party presidential candidates, 2016
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Republican Party presidential candidates, 2016
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Candidate
Donald Trump Ted Cruz
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1,441 551

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This article contains the list of candidates associated with the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries for the 2016 United States presidential election.
Contents
1 Candidates
1.1 Nominee
1.2 Withdrew during the primaries
1.3 Other candidates
1.4 Other withdrawn candidates
2 Potential candidates who did not run
2.1 Previous
2.2 Declined
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Candidates[edit]
Individuals included in this section have their own Wikipedia page and either formally announced their candidacy or filed as a candidate with Federal Election Commission (FEC) (for other than exploratory purposes).
Nominee[edit]
Name
Born
Current/previous positions
State
Announced
Candidate Logo and campaign link
Ref

Donald Trump June 14, 1946
(age 7004263550000000000♠72)
Queens, New York Chairman & President of The Trump Organization
(1971–2017)
Reform Party presidential candidate in 2000
New York June 16, 2015
(Campaign • Positions • Website)
FEC filing [1][2][3]
Withdrew during the primaries[edit]
The following individuals participated in at least two presidential debates. They withdrew or suspended their campaigns at some point after the Iowa caucuses on February 1, 2016. They are listed in order of exit, starting with the most recent.
Name
Born
Current/recent
State
Announced
Withdrew
Candidacy
Endorsed
Ref

John Kasich
May 13, 1952
(age 7004241950000000000♠66)
McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania 69th
Governor of Ohio
(2011–present)
Ohio July 21, 2015 May 4, 2016
(Campaign • Positions • Website)
FEC filing No endorsement (wrote in John McCain) [4][5]

Ted Cruz December 22, 1970
(age 7004173980000000000♠47)
Calgary, Alberta, Canada United States Senator from Texas
(2013–present)
Texas March 23, 2015 May 3, 2016
(Campaign • Positions • Website)
FEC filing Donald Trump [6][7]

Marco Rubio May 28, 1971
(age 7004172410000000000♠47)
Miami, Florida United States Senator from Florida
(2011–present)
Florida April 13, 2015 March 15, 2016
(Campaign • Positions • Website)
FEC filing Donald Trump [8][9]
Ben Carson September 18, 1951
(age 7004244330000000000♠66)
Detroit, Michigan Director of Pediatric Neurosurgery,
Johns Hopkins Hospital
(1984–2013)
Maryland May 4, 2015 March 2, 2016
(Campaign • Positions • Website)
FEC filing Donald Trump [10][11]

Jeb Bush February 11, 1953
(age 7004239210000000000♠65)
Midland, Texas 43rd
Governor of Florida
(1999–2007)
Florida June 15, 2015 February 20, 2016
(Campaign • Positions • Website)
FEC filing Ted Cruz, then no endorsement [12][13]

Jim Gilmore October 6, 1949
(age 7004251450000000000♠68)
Richmond, Virginia 68th
Governor of Virginia
(1998–2002)
Virginia July 30, 2015 February 12, 2016
(Campaign • Positions • Website)
FEC filing Donald Trump [14][15]

Chris Christie September 6, 1962
(age 7004204270000000000♠55)
Newark, New Jersey 55th
Governor of New Jersey
(2010–2018)
New Jersey June 30, 2015 February 10, 2016
(Campaign • Positions • Website)
FEC filing Donald Trump [16][17]

Carly Fiorina September 6, 1954
(age 7004233490000000000♠63)
Austin, Texas CEO of Hewlett-Packard
(1999–2005)
California May 4, 2015 February 10, 2016
(Campaign • Positions • Website)
FEC filing Ted Cruz, then Donald Trump, later rescinded endorsement [18][19]

Rick Santorum May 10, 1958
(age 7004220070000000000♠60)
Winchester, Virginia United States Senator from Pennsylvania
(1995–2007)
Pennsylvania May 27, 2015 February 3, 2016
(Campaign • Positions • Website)
FEC filing Marco Rubio, then Donald Trump [20][21]

Rand Paul January 7, 1963
(age 7004203040000000000♠55)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania United States Senator from Kentucky
(2011–present)
Kentucky April 7, 2015 February 3, 2016
(Campaign • Positions • Website)
FEC filing Donald Trump [22][23]

Mike Huckabee August 24, 1955
(age 7004229970000000000♠62)
Hope, Arkansas 44th
Governor of Arkansas
(1996–2007)
Arkansas May 5, 2015 February 1, 2016
(Campaign • Positions • Website)
FEC filing Donald Trump [24][25]
The following individuals participated in at least one authorized presidential debate but withdrew from the race before the Iowa caucuses on February 1, 2016. They are listed in order of exit, starting with the most recent.
Name
Born
Current/recent
State
Announced
Withdrew
Candidacy
Endorsed
Ref

George Pataki June 24, 1945
(age 7004267100000000000♠73)
Peekskill, New York 53rd
Governor of New York
(1995–2006)
New York May 28, 2015 December 29, 2015

(Campaign • Positions • Website)
FEC filing Marco Rubio, then John Kasich, then no endorsement [26][27]

Lindsey Graham July 9, 1955
(age 7004230430000000000♠63)
Central, South Carolina United States Senator from South Carolina
(2003–present)
South Carolina June 1, 2015 December 21, 2015
(Campaign • Positions • Website)
FEC filing Jeb Bush, then Ted Cruz, then Evan McMullin [28][29]

Bobby Jindal June 10, 1971
(age 7004172280000000000♠47)
Baton Rouge, Louisiana 55th
Governor of Louisiana
(2008–2016)
Louisiana June 24, 2015 November 17, 2015
(Campaign • Positions • Website)
FEC filing Marco Rubio, then Donald Trump [30][31]

Scott Walker November 2, 1967
(age 7004185440000000000♠50)
Colorado Springs, Colorado 45th
Governor of Wisconsin
(2011–present)
Wisconsin July 13, 2015 September 21, 2015
(Campaign • Positions • Website)
FEC Filing Ted Cruz, then Donald Trump [32][33]

Rick Perry March 4, 1950
(age 7004249960000000000♠68)
Haskell, Texas 47th
Governor of Texas
(2000–2015)

Texas June 4, 2015 September 11, 2015
(Campaign • Positions • Website)
FEC Filing Ted Cruz, then Donald Trump [34][35]
Other candidates[edit]
The following notable individuals filed as a candidate with FEC by November 2015.
Name
Born
Current/previous positions
State
Announced
Candidacy
Ballot
status
Ref

Jack Fellure October 3, 1931
(age 7004317230000000000♠86)
Midkiff, West Virginia Perennial candidate
Prohibition Party nominee in 2012
West Virginia November 7, 2012 FEC Filing none

Andy Martin October 31, 1945
(age 70)
Middletown, Connecticut Perennial candidate
Birther activist
vexatious litigant.[36]
New York August 16, 2015 (Website)
FEC Filing 162 votes
NH [37]
Additionally, Peter Messina was on the ballot in Louisiana,[38] New Hampshire, and Idaho.[39] Tim Cook was on the ballot in Louisiana, New Hampshire and Arizona. Walter Iwachiw was on the ballot in Florida and New Hampshire.
Other withdrawn candidates[edit]
Individuals in this section formally announced a bid for the nomination of the Republican Party, and filed with the FEC to be a candidate, but were not featured in any major opinion polls, and were not invited to any televised presidential primary debates.
Name
Born
Current/previous positions
State
Announced
Withdrew
Candidacy
Ref

Dennis Michael Lynch August 28, 1969
(age 7004178790000000000♠48) Businessman
Documentary film maker
Conservative commentator
New York April 22, 2015[40] May 3, 2015[41] FEC filing

Mark Everson September 10, 1954
(age 7004233450000000000♠63)
New York City, New York Commissioner of Internal Revenue
(2003–2007)
Mississippi March 5, 2015 November 5, 2015[42]
(Website)
FEC Filing [43][44]

Jimmy McMillan December 1, 1946
(age 7004261850000000000♠71)
New Smyrna Beach, Florida Chairman and leader of the Rent Is Too Damn High Party
(2005–2015)

New York August 22, 2015 December 9, 2015[45] (Website)
FEC Filing
Potential candidates who did not run[edit]
Previous[edit]
The following people were the focus of presidential speculation in multiple media reports during the 2016 election cycle but did not enter the race.
Kelly Ayotte
U.S. Senator from New Hampshire since 2011[46][47]
Michele Bachmann
U.S. Representative from Minnesota 2007–15, presidential candidate in 2012[48][49]
Jan Brewer
Governor of Arizona 2009–15[50][51]
Endorsed Donald Trump
Scott Brown
U.S. Senator from Massachusetts 2010–13[52][53]
Endorsed Donald Trump
Sam Brownback
Governor of Kansas since 2011, presidential candidate in 2008[54][55]
Endorsed Marco Rubio
Herman Cain
President of the National Restaurant Association 1996–99; presidential candidate in 2012[56][57]
Ken Cuccinelli
Attorney General of Virginia 2010–14; nominee for Governor of Virginia in 2013[58][59]
Endorsed Ted Cruz
Jim DeMint
U.S. Senator from South Carolina 2005–13[60][61][62]
Mary Fallin
Governor of Oklahoma since 2011[63][64]
Nikki Haley
Governor of South Carolina from 2011 - 2017, now U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations[65][66][67]
Endorsed Marco Rubio, then Ted Cruz
Steve King
U.S. Representative from Iowa since 2003[68][69][70]
Endorsed Ted Cruz
Susana Martinez
Governor of New Mexico since 2011;[71][72]
Endorsed Marco Rubio
Bob McDonnell
Governor of Virginia 2010–14[73][74]
Cathy McMorris Rodgers
U.S. Representative from Washington since 2005[75][76]
Ted Nugent
musician and gun rights activist from Michigan[77]
Endorsed Donald Trump
Sarah Palin
Governor of Alaska 2006–09; 2008 vice-presidential nominee[78][79]
Endorsed Donald Trump
Mike Rogers
U.S. Representative from Michigan 2001–15[80][81]
Brian Sandoval
Governor of Nevada since 2011[65][82]
Endorsed John Kasich
Rick Scott
Governor of Florida since 2011[83]
Endorsed Donald Trump
Allen West
U.S. Representative from Florida 2011–13[84][85]
Declined[edit]
Individuals listed in this section were the focus of media speculation as being possible 2016 presidential candidates but publicly, and unequivocally, ruled out presidential bids in 2016.
Marsha Blackburn
U.S. Representative from Tennessee since 2003[86]
John Bolton
U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations 2005–06[87]
Bob Corker
U.S. Senator from Tennessee since 2007[88]
Mitch Daniels
Governor of Indiana 2005–13[89][90][91]
Bob Ehrlich
Governor of Maryland 2003–07[92]
Newt Gingrich
Speaker of the House of Representatives 1995–99; presidential candidate in 2012[93]
Jon Huntsman, Jr.
United States Ambassador to China 2009–11; Governor of Utah 2005–09; presidential candidate in 2012[94]
Darrell Issa
U.S. Representative from California since 2001[95]
Peter King
U.S. Representative from New York since 1993[96]
John McCain
U.S. Senator from Arizona since 1987; presidential candidate in 2000; presidential nominee in 2008[97]
Endorsed Lindsey Graham
Ron Paul
U.S. Representative from Texas 1976–77, 1979–85 and 1997–2013, presidential candidate in 1988, in 2008, and in 2012[98]
Endorsed Rand Paul
Tim Pawlenty
Governor of Minnesota 2003–11, presidential candidate in 2012[99]
Endorsed Marco Rubio
Mike Pence
Governor of Indiana since 2013[100] vice presidential nominee for Donald Trump in 2016
Rob Portman
U.S. Senator from Ohio since 2011[101]
Endorsed John Kasich
Condoleezza Rice
United States Secretary of State 2005–09[102]
Buddy Roemer
Governor of Louisiana 1988–92; presidential candidate in 2012
Mitt Romney
Governor of Massachusetts 2003–07; presidential candidate in 2008; presidential nominee in 2012[103]
Endorsed Marco Rubio, then Ted Cruz
Paul Ryan
U.S. Representative from Wisconsin and current Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, vice presidential nominee in 2012[104]
Joe Scarborough
cable news and talk radio host, U.S. Representative from Florida 1995–2001[105][106]
Endorsed Jeb Bush
Rick Snyder
Governor of Michigan since 2011[107]
John Thune
U.S. Senator from South Dakota since 2005[108]
See also[edit]
United States presidential election, 2016 timeline
Candidates
Democratic Party presidential candidates, 2016
United States third party and independent presidential candidates, 2016
Primaries
Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016
Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016
General election polling
Nationwide opinion polling for the United States presidential election, 2016
Statewide opinion polling for the United States presidential election, 2016
Democratic primary polling
Statewide opinion polling for the Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016
Nationwide opinion polling for the Democratic Party 2016 presidential primaries
Republican primary polling
Statewide opinion polling for the Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016
Nationwide opinion polling for the Republican Party 2016 presidential primaries
Republican primary debates
Republican Party presidential debates, 2016
Democratic primary debates
Democratic Party presidential debates, 2016
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Jump up ^ Martin, Jonathan; Barbaro, Michael (January 30, 2015). "Mitt Romney Won't Run in 2016 Presidential Election". New York Times. Retrieved January 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ Eric Beech (January 12, 2015). "Republican U.S. Rep. Ryan says he's not running for president in 2016". Reuters. Retrieved January 12, 2015.
Jump up ^ Byers, Dylan (March 12, 2014) "Scarborough to appear on presidential poll", Politico. Retrieved March 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ Scarborough, Joe (April 4, 2015). "Commuting thoughts of a run". Politico. Retrieved April 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Rick Snyder not running for president". Politico. May 6, 2015. Retrieved May 6, 2015.
Jump up ^ "John Thune: No 'opening' for a White House run". Politico. January 14, 2015. Retrieved January 14, 2015.
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Leader of the Pack
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about a 1964 pop song. For other uses, see Leader of the Pack (disambiguation).
"Leader of the Pack"
Single by The Shangri-Las
from the album Leader of the Pack
B-side
"What Is Love"
Released
September 1964[1]
Format
7"
Recorded
1964
Genre
Pop, teen tragedy, rock and roll
Label
Red Bird
Songwriter(s)
George "Shadow" Morton
Jeff Barry
Ellie Greenwich
Producer(s)
George "Shadow" Morton
The Shangri-Las singles chronology
"Remember (Walking in the Sand)"
(1964) "Leader of the Pack"
(1964) "Give Him a Great Big Kiss"
(1965)
"Remember (Walking in the Sand)"
(1964) "Leader of the Pack"
(1964) "Give Him a Great Big Kiss"
(1965)
"Leader of the Pack" is a song written by George "Shadow" Morton, Jeff Barry, and Ellie Greenwich. It was a number one pop hit in 1964 for the American girl group The Shangri-Las. The single is one of the group's best known songs as well as a popular cultural example of a "teenage tragedy song". The song was covered in 1985 by the heavy metal band Twisted Sister who had a moderate hit with their version.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background and composition
1.1 Lyrical content
2 The Shangri-Las original version
2.1 Recording
2.2 Reception
2.3 Chart performance
3 Twisted Sister version
3.1 Recording
4 Other versions
4.1 Parodies
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Background and composition[edit]
The tune of "Leader of the Pack" is credited to pop impresario George "Shadow" Morton together with Jeff Barry and Ellie Greenwich. According to Morton,[2] he wrote the song for the Goodies (also known as the Bunnies[3]), but instead it was needed as a follow-up to the Shangri-Las hit "Remember (Walking in the Sand)". He said he did not know that he was supposed to have a second idea ready to follow up "Remember (Walking in the Sand)" until Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller (Red Bird Records co-owners with George Goldner) asked him, "Hey, what do you want to do for the second record?" Morton said he "got a bottle of champagne, two cigars" and "went into the shower, sat down, drank the champagne, smoked the cigars, and wrote the song on a shirt cardboard with my kids crayons." Morton claimed he credited Barry and Greenwich as co-writers for business reasons;[citation needed] however his recollection has been questioned by Ellie Greenwich.[citation needed]
Lyrical content[edit]
The song is about a girl named Betty, who is asked by friends to confirm that she is dating Jimmy, the leader of a motorcycle gang, whose ring they see on Betty's finger. After singing of love at first sight ("(By the way, where'd you meet him?) I met him at the candy store/He turned around and smiled at me/You get the picture?/(Yes, we see) That's when I fell for the Leader of the Pack"), Betty's heart turns to despair as she bemoans her parents' disapproval. The parents claim Jimmy hails from "the wrong side of town" and ask Betty to tell Jimmy goodbye and find someone new. Betty reluctantly does as she is asked, and a crushed and tearful Jimmy speeds off on his motorcycle. Moments later, Betty's pleas for Jimmy to slow down are in vain as Jimmy crashes on a rain-slicked surface and dies.
The Shangri-Las original version[edit]
Recording[edit]
In July 1964, Morton recorded the vocals for "Leader of the Pack" with the Shangri-Las at the Ultrasonic Sound studio on the second floor of a Manhattan hotel. The song was produced by Morton. These vocals were dubbed over the instrumental parts, which had been previously recorded at the Ultrasonic Recording Studios in Hempstead, New York. Billy Joel, then a young session musician, said on November 16, 2010 during an interview with Howard Stern that he played piano on one of the demos for "Leader of the Pack," but he was not sure if any of his parts made the final recording. In fact, the piano part was played by Roger Rossi, a staff musician for Ultrasonic Recording Studios at the time. Rossi said, "I remember the date like it was yesterday, there were no written charts, so unfortunately, some musicians kept making mistakes. As I recall, it took 63 recording takes before Shadow Morton was satisfied." Rossi added, "By the end of the session, in take 62, I also messed up and Morton laughingly yelled out, 'Ohhhh, noooo. Not you, too!'" In 2007 Tony Visconti claimed that pianist Artie Butler played on the track.[4]
According to legend, to add the authentic sound of a motorcycle engine, one was driven through the lobby of the hotel and up to the floor of the recording studio. No one was arrested, but a ticket was issued.[5] However, in an interview four decades later, Shangri-Las lead singer Mary Weiss said the motorcycle sound was taken from an effects record. Hugh Grundy, drummer for The Zombies, recalls revving up a motorcycle backstage when the Shangri-Las performed on a U.S. tour.
Reception[edit]
"Leader of the Pack" was released as a single by Red Bird Records, a Leiber and Stoller label, and the song hit number one on the Billboard Hot 100 on November 28, 1964.[6] In the United Kingdom, the single was refused airplay by the BBC, probably due to its death theme,[7] although some have speculated that it was considered likely to encourage violence between mods and rockers.[8] It charted three times on the UK Singles Chart: number 11 in 1965;[9] number 3 in 1972[10] (by which time the BBC ban had been lifted); and once again at number 7 in 1976,[9] when its sales figures as a reissue on two different labels (Charly and Contempo) were combined to arrive at its chart position.[11] The record also reached number 1 in Australia.
In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked the song among the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time at number 447.[12] In the 2010 revision of the list, it was moved to number 454 as new entries were added.[13] Billboard named the song #9 on their list of 100 Greatest Girl Group Songs of All Time.[14]
The song is featured in a Broadway musical based on the songs of Ellie Greenwich, Leader of the Pack, which opened in 1985.[15] In 1990, the song was featured in the soundtrack of the Martin Scorsese film, Goodfellas.
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (1965)
Peak
position
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[16] 3
New Zealand (Lever Hit Parades)[17] 1
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[18] 11
US Billboard Hot 100[19] 1
Twisted Sister version[edit]
"Leader of the Pack"
Single by Twisted Sister
from the album Come Out and Play
Released
1985
Format
7" single
Recorded
1985
Genre
Rock
Length
3:48
Label
Atlantic
Songwriter(s)
Dee Snider
Producer(s)
Dieter Dierks
Twisted Sister singles chronology
"The Price"
(1985) "Leader of the Pack"
(1985) "Be Chrool to Your Scuel"
(1985)
"The Price"
(1985) "Leader of the Pack"
(1985) "Be Chrool to Your Scuel"
(1985)
Recording[edit]
In 1985, the heavy metal band Twisted Sister recorded a cover version of "Leader of the Pack" from the eponymous leader's perspective.The track was included on the group's fourth studio album Come Out and Play. It was released as the album's first single and was issued on Atlantic Records. The song charted at number 53 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and reached number 47 on the UK Singles chart.[20] In New Zealand the single reached number 45.[21]
Other versions[edit]
On her debut album The Divine Miss M, Bette Midler did a version which began in the original tempo, sped up in the second verse, and was so fast by the end that it became difficult to understand the lyrics.
French singer Frank Alamo (1942–2012) recorded this song in French in 1965 as "Le chef de la bands".
New Zealand group When the Cat's Away released a version as their debut single.
In the U.S. television series American Dreams, the song was performed by Hilary and Haylie Duff, acting as members of the Shangri-Las.
In the 2006 movie Happy Feet, it was sung by the character Néstor, with a sad rhythm quite different from the original.
Alvin and the Chipmunks did a cover version, changing "Jimmy" to "Alvin". On the album Chipmunk Rock, the Chipmunks are portrayed as the girls.
Estonian singer Margit Viirma recorded a cover version of the song in 2009, entitled "Jõugu liider".
Seventies pop duo, The Carpenters, did a cover of the song on their first live album, Live In Japan. They performed it as part of an oldies medley in most of their concerts from 1973–1975.
Parodies[edit]
In 1965, "Leader of the Laundromat", written by Paul Vance and Lee Pockriss, was released by The Detergents. This resulted in Morton, Barry and Greenwich filing a lawsuit for plagiarism.
The Downliners Sect also released a parody on their 1965 "Sect Sing Sick Songs" EP called "Leader Of The Sect."
Also in 1965, the parody "I Want My Baby Back" was released by Jimmy Cross.[22] In 1977, this was awarded the title of "The World's Worst Record" by British radio DJ Kenny Everett.
In 1977, EMI records released "Packer of the Leads (Leader of the Pack)" by The Roadies (Lewis 'n Luce) in the UK.[23]
In the 1982 musical Little Shop of Horrors, Ronette, one of the backup singers, says "Here he is, girls, the Leader of The Plaque" during the song "Dentist". Orin, the dentist, notably rides a motorcycle that sounds similar to that in the song.
"Jonny Don't Go", from the 1993 musical Zombie Prom, is melodically similar to, and likely a parody of, "Leader of the Pack". The song centers around Toffee, a high school senior whose parents forbid her from seeing her boyfriend Jonny because they believe him to be "no good" and force her to break up with him. She reluctantly does so, and Jonny immediately throws himself into a nuclear power plant, despite Toffee's pleas for him to stop.
British comedian Julian Clary sang a parody of "Leader of the Pack" in 1988–90 as part of his then act, The Joan Collins Fanclub. It was released as a single in the UK and reached a peak position of No.60 on the UK singles chart in the summer of 1988.[24] Clary sang the lead part from the point of view of a camp 28-year-old gay man bewailing the loss of his biker love interest in a fatal motorcycle accident.
Bob Rivers also did a parody of "Leader of the Pack" which is called 'Leader of Iraq'. The song was centered around the execution of former president of Iraq Saddam Hussein.
The tune was used by the political satire group The Capitol Steps for their song "A Leader Like Barack", about Barack Obama.
A parody version of the song ("Our leader is Lurpak") was used in a claymation TV advertisement for Lurpak butter in the UK.
In 2009, the BBC produced a trailer for the children's TV show Shaun the Sheep featuring a parody of the song called "Leader of the Flock".
Gilda Radner, Jane Curtin, and Laraine Newman did a song entitled "Chevy, Chevy" on an episode of Saturday Night Live, which has a spoken part very similar to the one in this song. Sonic the Hedgehog fans made their own parody of that song and use it from time to time.
See also[edit]
Teenage tragedy song
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.45cat.com/record/rb10014us
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on February 21, 2007. Retrieved 2007-02-19.
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ Visconti, Tony. The Autobiography: Bowie, Bolan and the Brooklyn Boy. New York: HarperCollins, 2007. ISBN 978-0-00-722944-4. pp31.
Jump up ^ "The Shangri-Las!". Redbirdent.com. Retrieved 2016-09-27.
Jump up ^ Bronson, Fred (2003). The Billboard Book of Number 1 Hits. New York: Billboard Books. p. 160. ISBN 0823076776. Retrieved July 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Rocklist.net...Banned Recordings". Rocklistmusic.co.uk. 1997-09-13. Retrieved 2016-09-27.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on November 13, 2006. Retrieved 2006-09-28.
^ Jump up to: a b "UK Top 40 Chart Archive, British Singles & Album Charts". everyHit.com. March 16, 2000. Archived from the original on July 18, 2007. Retrieved December 8, 2013.
Jump up ^ "The Shangri-Las Page". Tsimon.com. 2000-04-20. Retrieved 2016-09-27.
Jump up ^ Betts, Graham (2004). Complete UK Hit Singles 1952–2004 (1st ed.). London: Collins. p. 693. ISBN 0-00-717931-6.
Jump up ^ "The RS 500 Greatest Songs of All Time". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on December 17, 2006.
Jump up ^ "Rolling Stone Magazine's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time - How many songs have you listened to?". Listchallenges.com. Retrieved 2016-09-27.
Jump up ^ "100 Greatest Girl Group Songs of All Time: Critics' Picks". Billboard. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Greenwich Seeks More Support for 'Leader'". Billboard: 48. June 15, 1985.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 4675." RPM. Library and Archives Canada.
Jump up ^ "Lever hit parades: 03-Dec-1964". Flavour of New Zealand.
Jump up ^ "Shangri-Las: Artist Chart History". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ "The Shangri-Las Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Twisted Sister Album & Song Chart History – Hot 100". Billboard. Retrieved October 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "charts.org.nz – New Zealand charts portal". Hung Medien. Archived from the original on October 18, 2015. Retrieved October 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Single File". Dustbury.com. Retrieved 2016-09-27.
Jump up ^ "Roadies (Lewis 'n Luce), The* - Packer Of The Leads (Leader Of The Pack) (Vinyl)". Discogs.com. Retrieved 2016-09-27.
Jump up ^ "Julian Clary - "Leader of the Pack" - original stereo video". YouTube. Retrieved 2016-09-27.
External links[edit]
History of the Shangri-Las
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Preceded by
"Baby Love" by The Supremes Billboard Hot 100 number-one single
November 28, 1964 (one week) Succeeded by
"Ringo" by Lorne Greene
[show]
v
t
e
The Shangri-Las
Mary Weiss
Elizabeth "Betty" Weiss
Marguerite "Marge" Ganser
Mary Ann Ganser
Studio albums
Leader of the Pack
Shangri-Las-65!
Notable singles
"Remember (Walking in the Sand)"
"Leader of the Pack"
Related articles
George 'Shadow' Morton
Red Bird Records
[show]
v
t
e
Twisted Sister
Jay Jay French
Eddie Ojeda
Dee Snider
Mark Mendoza
A. J. Pero
Walt Woodward III
Joey Franco
Mike Portnoy
(details)
Studio albums
Under the Blade
You Can't Stop Rock 'n' Roll
Stay Hungry
Come Out and Play
Love Is for Suckers
Still Hungry
A Twisted Christmas
Compilation albums
Big Hits and Nasty Cuts
Club Daze Volume 1: The Studio Sessions
The Essentials
Live albums
Live at Hammersmith
Club Daze Volume II: Live in the Bars
Live at Wacken: The Reunion
Singles
"Under the Blade"
"We're Not Gonna Take It"
"I Wanna Rock"
"The Price"
"Leader of the Pack"
"Be Chrool to Your Scuel"
"Hot Love"
"Oh Come All Ye Faithful"
"White Christmas"
"Silver Bells"
"Deck the Halls"
Other
Albums
Songs
Twisted Forever
We Are Twisted Fucking Sister!
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leader_of_the_Pack&oldid=813553265"
Categories:
1964 songs
1964 singles
1985 singles
Songs written by Ellie Greenwich
Songs written by Jeff Barry
The Shangri-Las songs
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Alvin and the Chipmunks songs
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Hidden categories:
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Sons of Anarchy (season 3)
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Sons of Anarchy (season 3)
DVD cover
Starring
Charlie Hunnam
Katey Sagal
Mark Boone Junior
Dayton Callie
Kim Coates
Tommy Flanagan
Ryan Hurst
William Lucking
Theo Rossi
Maggie Siff
Ron Perlman
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
13
Release
Original network
FX
Original release
September 7 (2010-09-07) – November 30, 2010 (2010-11-30)
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 2
Next →
Season 4
List of Sons of Anarchy episodes
The third season of the American television drama series Sons of Anarchy created by Kurt Sutter about the lives of a close-knit outlaw motorcycle club operating in Charming, a fictional town in California's Central Valley. The show centers on protagonist Jackson "Jax" Teller (Charlie Hunnam), the then–vice president of the club, who begins questioning the club and himself.
Sons of Anarchy premiered on September 7, 2010, on cable network FX. Season three attracted an average of 4.9 million viewers per week, making it FX's highest rated series ever at the time, surpassing FX's other hits The Shield, Nip/Tuck, and Rescue Me.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast and characters
2.1 Main cast
2.2 Special guest cast
2.3 Recurring cast
2.4 Guest stars
3 Production
4 Reception
5 Episodes
6 Home media release
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
Gemma has been hiding in Rogue River, Oregon with Tig at the home of Gemma's father, Nate (Hal Holbrook), who suffers from dementia. Gemma struggles when she takes Nate to his new assisted living home, and he pleads to be taken back to his house. She returns to Charming to reunite with her grandson, unaware he has been kidnapped. The return of A.T.F. agent Stahl twists the facts about the murder of Donna, Stahl attempts to make a deal with Jax behind the club's back. Father Kellan Ashby's sister, Maureen, contacts Gemma at Ashby's request and tells her Abel is safe in Belfast. Upon learning of her grandson's abduction, Gemma suffers a cardiac arrhythmia and collapses in the Teller-Morrow lot. After the club returns from Ireland and brings home Abel, agent Stahl double crosses Jax and tells the club about the side deal Jax made with her, unaware that Jax and the club had it planned all along knowing Stahl would back out of the deal. Jax, Clay, Bobby, Tig, Juice and Happy are hauled away to jail. While Opie, Chibbs, and the Prospects are all en route following Stahl. Opie kills Stahl to avenge the death of his wife, Donna.
Cast and characters[edit]
Charlie Hunnam
Katey Sagal
Mark Boone Junior
Dayton Callie
Kim Coates
Tommy Flanagan
Ryan Hurst
Theo Rossi
Maggie Siff
Ron Perlman
Main article: List of Sons of Anarchy characters
Sons of Anarchy is the story of the Teller-Morrow family of Charming, California, as well as the other members of Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, Redwood Original (SAMCRO), their families, various Charming townspeople, allied and rival gangs, associates, and law agencies that undermine or support SAMCRO's legal and illegal enterprises.
Main cast[edit]
Charlie Hunnam as Jackson "Jax" Teller
Katey Sagal as Gemma Teller Morrow
Mark Boone Junior as Robert "Bobby Elvis" Munson
Dayton Callie as Wayne Unser
Kim Coates as Alex "Tig" Trager
Tommy Flanagan as Filip "Chibs" Telford
Ryan Hurst as Harry "Opie" Winston
William Lucking as Piermont "Piney" Winston
Theo Rossi as Juan-Carlos "Juice" Ortiz
Maggie Siff as Dr. Tara Knowles
Ron Perlman as Clarence "Clay" Morrow
Special guest cast[edit]
Paula Malcomson as Maureen Ashby
Ally Walker as Agent June Stahl
Kenny Johnson as Herman Kozik
Mitch Pileggi as Ernest Darby
Stephen King as Bachman
Sonny Barger as Lenny "The Pimp" Janowitz
Recurring cast[edit]
David LaBrava as Happy Lowman (11 episodes)
McNally Sagal as Margaret Murphy (9 episodes)
Jose Pablo Cantillo as Hector Salazar (9 episodes)
Michael Marisi Ornstein as Chuck Marstein (9 episodes)
Titus Welliver as Jimmy O'Phelan (9 episodes)
James Cosmo as Father Kellan Ashby (8 episodes)
Jeff Kober as Jacob Hale, Jr. (8 episodes)
Zoe Boyle as Trinity Ashby (7 episodes)
Winter Ave Zoli as Lyla Winston (7 episodes)
Andrew McPhee as Keith McGee (6 episodes)
Arie Verveen as Liam O'Neill (6 episodes)
Pamela J. Gray as Agent Amy Tyler (6 episodes)
Marcello Thedford as Lander Jackson (5 episodes)
Michael Beach as T.O. Cross (5 episodes)
Joel Tobeck as Donny (5 episodes)
Hal Holbrook as Nate Madock (4 episodes)
Patrick St. Esprit as Elliott Oswald 4 episodes)
Darin Heames as Seamus Ryan (4 episodes)
Q'orianka Kilcher as Kerrianne Larkin-Telford (4 episodes)
Bellina Logan as Fiona Larkin (4 episodes)
Emilio Rivera as Marcus Alvarez (4 episodes)
Jamie McShane as Cameron Hayes (3 episodes)
Monique Gabriela Curnen as Amelia Dominguez (3 episodes)
Kristen Renton as Ima (3 episodes)
Taryn Manning as Cherry/Rita (3 episodes)
Michael Fairman as Lumpy Feldstein (3 episodes)
Robin Weigert as Ally Lowen (3 episodes)
Marcos de la Cruz as Agent Estevez (3 episodes)
Taylor Sheridan as Deputy Chief David Hale ("SO")
Tory Kittles as Laroy Wayne ("SO")
Kenneth Choi as Henry Lin ("Caregiver")
Kurt Sutter as "Big" Otto Delaney (1 uncredited)
Guest stars[edit]
Leo Fitzpatrick as Prospect Shephard (2 episodes)
Bob McCracken as Brendan Roarke (2 episodes)
Keith Szarabajka as Victor Putlova (2 episodes)
Dorian Missick as Pony Joe ("SO")
Olivia Burnette as Homeless Woman ("Bainne")
Production[edit]
Although Sons of Anarchy is set in Northern California's Central Valley, it is filmed primarily at Occidental Studios Stage 5A in North Hollywood. Main sets located there include the clubhouse, St. Thomas Hospital and Jax's house. The production rooms at the studio used by the writing staff also double as the Charming police station. External scenes are often filmed nearby in Sun Valley and Tujunga.[1] Interior and exterior scenes set in Northern Ireland during season 3 were also filmed at Occidental Studios and surrounding areas. A second unit shot footage in Northern Ireland used in the third season.[2]
Reception[edit]
Some critics felt the third season was dragged down by the previous season's cliffhanger.[3][4] James Poniewozik of TIME called the season three premiere "breathtaking" and praised Sagal’s performance with Holbrook.[5] He later stated that Abel's disappearance helped return the show to its central problem: Jax's allegiance to the club.[6] Entertainment Weekly’s Ken Tucker agreed that Holbrook and Sagal’s scenes were "beautiful". He also commented that the series handled themes of loyalty and family especially well.[7] Maureen Ryan commented that the third season divided critics and fans alike, suggesting the expanded Belfast cast made it harder for the audience to invest in the characters' journeys.[8] Ryan later questioned the credibility of Hector Salazar's story, noting that he was inferior to other villainous characters such as Stahl, Zobelle and Weston. However, she praised Ally Walker's performance, comparing her character to The Shield's Vic Mackey.[9] Critic Alan Sepinwall said the season was "interesting but uneven", noting that the plot gained traction in later episodes.[10][11] Tim Goodman of The Hollywood Reporter said "Sutter should be applauded for shaking things up", calling the slower pace a "creative necessity".[12]
Episodes[edit]
See also: List of Sons of Anarchy episodes
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)
27
1 "SO" Stephen Kay Kurt Sutter September 7, 2010 (2010-09-07) 3WAB01 4.13[13]
The aftermath of Abel's kidnapping has the Sons reeling, especially Jax; Gemma gets hit with some unexpected news from her past. Stahl continues with her coverup while Tara finds it difficult to return to work. Cameron makes it back home.
28
2 "Oiled" Gwyneth Horder-Payton Kurt Sutter & Dave Erickson September 14, 2010 (2010-09-14) 3WAB02 3.37[14]
To get intel on Abel's whereabouts, Jax and the club help a bounty hunter track down a skip. Gemma deals with her family issues, along with a suspicious caregiver. In Ireland, Cameron seeks council with the IRA.
29
3 "Caregiver" Billy Gierhart Chris Collins & Regina Corrado September 21, 2010 (2010-09-21) 3WAB03 3.48[15]
The club exploits its porn connections to entertain Henry Lin's clients, which does not sit well with Opie. Tara, Gemma, and Tig turn to an unlikely source when the situation with the caregiver goes sideways. Jax and The Sons receive disturbing information about Cameron Hayes. Stephen King guest stars as Bachman, a "cleaner."
30
4 "Home" Guy Ferland Kurt Sutter & Liz Sagal September 28, 2010 (2010-09-28) 3WAB04 2.98[16]
Jax and Clay head down to Nate's home to pick up Gemma. The rest of SAMCRO goes north to help Happy with a pharmaceutical favor in redneck territory. Tara's honesty with Jax comes at an inopportune time. As Gemma puts old family matters to rest, new issues reveal themselves to her. Maureen reaches out to SAMCRO.
31
5 "Turning and Turning" Gwyneth Horder-Payton Dave Erickson & Marco Ramirez October 5, 2010 (2010-10-05) 3WAB05 3.12[17]
To help his mother, club, and son, Jax conspires with an unlikely source. In order to get more information on the Mayan's drug trade, SAMCRO puts Chucky and Tig undercover. Gemma confronts Tara about the secret she's been hiding.
32
6 "The Push" Stephen Kay Chris Collins & Julie Bush October 12, 2010 (2010-10-12) 3WAB06 2.85[18]
In order to raise money to get the Sons to Belfast, Jax is forced to involve Tara in their latest dealing. To gain the friendship of the Mayans, SAMCRO must handle a rat at St. Thomas. Kozik's vote to get patched in hits a roadblock.
33
7 "Widening Gyre" Billy Gierhart Kurt Sutter & Regina Corrado October 19, 2010 (2010-10-19) 3WAB07 2.59[19]
The Grim Bastards have a problem that could jeopardize SAMCRO's new business arrangements. As The Sons prepare for their departure to Belfast, Gemma learns of a dark secret from John Teller's past. Tara gets support from an unlikely source after her breakup with Jax, while Lyla and Opie hit a snag in their relationship.
34
8 "Lochan Mor" Guy Ferland Dave Erickson & Liz Sagal & Kurt Sutter October 26, 2010 (2010-10-26) 3WAB08 2.67[20]
When SAMCRO pays a visit to another charter, not everyone is happy to see the mother charter.
35
9 "Turas" Stephen Kay Story by: Kurt Sutter
Teleplay by: Chris Collins & Brady Dahl November 2, 2010 (2010-11-02) 3WAB09 3.35[21]
The club embarks on a protection run, the likes of which they have never seen before.
36
10 "Firinne" Gwyneth Horder-Payton Kurt Sutter & Vaun Wilmott November 9, 2010 (2010-11-09) 3WAB10 3.18[22]
The IRA wants proof that one of their own has flipped and SAMCRO intends to give it to them.
37
11 "Bainne" Adam Arkin Dave Erickson & Regina Corrado & Kurt Sutter November 16, 2010 (2010-11-16) 3WAB11 3.40[23]
While the club's on a manhunt, Jax faces the toughest decision of his life.
38
12 "June Wedding" Phil Abraham Story by: Kurt Sutter
Teleplay by: Chris Collins November 23, 2010 (2010-11-23) 3WAB12 3.27[24]
With Tara held hostage by Salazar, Jax is forced to choose between revenge and the good of Charming. Jimmy's faith in his comrade is tested when he reaches out to the Russians. As Gemma tries to intervene in her son's dealings, Stahl makes a play to fulfill her bargain with Jax, turning on one of her own in the process.
39
13 "NS" Kurt Sutter Kurt Sutter & Dave Erickson November 30, 2010 (2010-11-30) 3WAB13 3.59[25]
While The Sons figure out a way to have the Russian Mob hand over Jimmy, Jax and Stahl's deal comes to a head. SAMCRO begins to heal old wounds. Meanwhile, just as Tara and Jax have solidified their relationship, Tara discovers more about Teller family history than she could have ever imagined.
Home media release[edit]
The third season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on August 30, 2011.[26]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy Filming Locations". Internet Movie Database.
Jump up ^ "First pictures Sons of Anarchy". Chicago Tribune. June 8, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy's Battle for Control". Pop Matters. Retrieved February 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy – "NS" review". AV Club. Retrieved February 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ "TV Tonight: Sons of Anarchy restarts its engines". TIME. September 7, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy, Bainne: Blood Begets Blood". TIME. November 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy 2010". Entertainment Weekly. September 1, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy Season 3 Episode 9". TV Squad.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy Season 3 Episode 12". TV Squad.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy Lochan Mor, SAMCRO Vs. SAMBel". Hit Fix.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy Firinne, Sins of the Sons". Hit Fix.
Jump up ^ Goodman, Tim (December 20, 2010). "Top 18 Tv Shows of 2010". Hollywood Reporter.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (September 9, 2010). "More Tuesday Cable Ratings: Teen Mom Tops Night + Warehouse 13 & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (September 15, 2010). "Tuesday Cable Ratings: 'Covert Affairs' Finale; 'Warehouse 13,' 'Teen Mom,' 'Sons Of Anarchy' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (September 22, 2010). "Tuesday Cable Ratings: 'Teen Mom,' 'Sons of Anarchy' Top Tuesday; 'Warehouse 13' Down Slightly". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (September 29, 2010). "Tuesday Cable Ratings: Teen Mom > Sons Of Anarchy, Plus Stargate Universe, Bad Girls Club & Much More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (October 6, 2011). "Tuesday Cable Ratings: Teen Mom Tops; Caprica Returns Small; Sons Of Anarchy Flat Despite Dish Network + Stargate Universe & Much More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (October 13, 2010). "Tuesday Cable Ratings: 'Teen Mom' Finale Way Up; BET Hip Hop Awards, Sons Of Anarchy, Caprica & Much More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (October 20, 2010). "Tuesday Cable Ratings: 'Sons of Anarchy' Drops; Teen Mom Special Second-Best to Yankees/Rangers; Stargate Universe, Caprica Weaken & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (October 28, 2010). "Tuesday Cable Ratings: Heat/Celtics Slam Dunk; 'Sons of Anarchy' Steady; 16 & Pregnant, Caprica, Stargate Universe, Millionaire Matchmaker & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (November 3, 2010). "Tuesday Cable Ratings: 'Sons of Anarchy' Rises; 'Stargate Universe' Steady + 'Dirty Jobs,' '16 and Pregnant,' 'In Treatment' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (November 10, 2010). "Tuesday Cable Ratings: 'Sons of Anarchy' Dips, Tops Cable; 'Stargate Universe' Steady + 'Dirty Jobs,' '16 and Pregnant,' 'In Treatment' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (November 17, 2010). "Tuesday Cable Ratings: 'Sons of Anarchy' Rides Higher, Tops Cable; 'Glory Daze' Modest in Premiere; 'Stargate Universe' Steady & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (November 24, 2011). "Tuesday Cable Ratings: 'Sons of Anarchy' Rides Steady, Again Tops Cable; 'Stargate Universe' Inches Higher; 'Glory Days' Slides & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (December 1, 2010). "Tuesday Cable Ratings: 'Sons of Anarchy' Finale Rises; 'Stargate Universe,' "Glory Daze' Steady; '16 and Pregnant' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
Jump up ^ Lambert, David (August 24, 2011). "Sons of Anarchy - Fox's Final Formal Details in the Press Release for Season 3 on Blu-ray and DVD". TV Shows on DVD. Archived from the original on August 29, 2013. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
External links[edit]
Sons of Anarchy at FXNetworks.com
Sons of Anarchy on IMDb
Sons of Anarchy at TV.com
Created by: Kurt Sutter
Characters
Clay Morrow
Jax Teller
Gemma Teller Morrow
Tara Knowles
Opie Winston
Bobby Munson
Tig Trager
Chibs Telford
Piney Winston
Juice Ortiz
Half-Sack Epps
Happy
Wayne Unser
David Hale
June Stahl
Josh Kohn
Ernest Darby
Marcus Álvarez
Ethan Zobelle
Episodes
Season 1
"Pilot"
"Seeds"
Related shows
Mayans MC
Music
"This Life"
Songs of Anarchy
Songs of Anarchy Volume 2
Category
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