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Rosenmund reduction
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Rosenmund reduction
Named after Karl Wilhelm Rosenmund
Reaction type Organic redox reaction
Identifiers
Organic Chemistry Portal rosenmund-reduction
RSC ontology ID RXNO:0000136
The Rosenmund reduction is a hydrogenation process in which an acyl chloride is selectively reduced to an aldehyde. The reaction was named after Karl Wilhelm Rosenmund, who first reported it in 1918.[1]
The reaction, a hydrogenolysis, is catalysed by palladium on barium sulfate, which is sometimes called the Rosenmund catalyst. Barium sulfate has a low surface area which reduces the activity of the palladium, preventing over-reduction. However, for certain reactive acyl chlorides the activity must be reduced further, by the addition of a poison. Originally this was thioquinanthrene although thiourea[2] has also been used.[3][4] Deactivation is required because the system must reduce the acyl chloride but not the subsequent aldehyde. If further reduction does take place it will create a primary alcohol which would then react with the remaining acyl chloride to form an ester.
Rosenmund catalyst can be prepared by reduction of palladium(II) chloride solution in the presence of BaSO4. Typical reducing agent is formaldehyde.[5]
See also[edit]
Lindlar catalyst - Palladium on calcium carbonate with added catalytic poison, similar to the Rosenmund catalyst
Rosenmund–von Braun reaction - Another reaction named after Karl Wilhelm Rosenmund in which an aryl halide is converted into an aryl nitrile
Grundmann aldehyde synthesis - Also reduces an acyl halide to an aldehyde, via the use of diazomethane
Diisobutylaluminium hydride (DIBALH) can also reduce acid chlorides to aldehydes.
Gattermann–Koch reaction - A reaction which produces an aldehyde via an intermediate acyl chloride
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Rosenmund, K. W. (1918). "Über eine neue Methode zur Darstellung von Aldehyden. 1. Mitteilung". Chemische Berichte (in German). 51: 585–593. doi:10.1002/cber.19180510170.
Jump up ^ Weygand, Conrad; Meusel, Werner (12 May 1943). "Über die Abstimmung der katalytischen Hydrierung, III. Mitteil.: Thioharnstoff als Spezifikator bei der Bildung von Benzaldehyd aus Benzoylchlorid". Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft (A and B Series) (in German). 76 (5): 503–504. doi:10.1002/cber.19430760510.
Jump up ^ Rosenmund, K. W., Zetzsche, F. (1921). "Über die Beeinflussung der Wirksamkeit von Katalysatoren, 1. bis 5". Chemische Berichte (in German). 54 (3): 425–437; 638–647; 1092–1098; 2033–2037; 2038–2042. doi:10.1002/cber.19210540310. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Mosettig, E.; Mozingo, R. (1948). "The Rosenmund Reduction of Acid Chlorides to Aldehydes". Organic Reactions. 4: 362–377. doi:10.1002/0471264180.or004.07.
Jump up ^ Mozingo, Ralph (1946). "Palladium catalysts". Organic Syntheses. 26: 77. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.026.0077.
Further reading[edit]
A. I. Rachlin, H. Gurien, and D. P. Wagner (1988). "Aldehydes from Acid Chlorides by modified Rosenmund Reduction: 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde". Org. Synth. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link); Coll. Vol., 6, p. 1007
Saytzeff, M. (1873). "Ueber die Einwirkung des vom Palladium absorbirten Wasserstoffes auf einige organische Verbindungen". Journal für Praktische Chemie. 6 (1): 128–135. doi:10.1002/prac.18730060111.
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text:
13 Going on 30
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
13 Going on 30
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Gary Winick
Produced by
Susan Arnold
Donna Arkoff Roth
Gina Matthews
Todd Garner
Written by
Josh Goldsmith
Cathy Yuspa
Screenplay by
Cathy Yuspa
Josh Goldsmith
Niels Mueller
Story by
Cathy Yuspa
Josh Goldsmith
Starring
Jennifer Garner
Mark Ruffalo
Judy Greer
Andy Serkis
Music by
Theodore Shapiro
Cinematography
Don Burgess
Edited by
Susan Littenberg
Production
company
Revolution Studios
Distributed by
Columbia Pictures
Release date
April 23, 2004 (2004-04-23)
Running time
97 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$37 million[1]
Box office
$96.5 million[1]
13 Going on 30 (released as Suddenly 30 in some countries) is a 2004 American fantasy romantic comedy film written by Josh Goldsmith and Cathy Yuspa and directed by Gary Winick. Starring Jennifer Garner, the film was produced by Revolution Studios for Columbia Pictures, and was released on April 23, 2004. It follows a 13-year-old girl who dreams of being popular. During her birthday party, she is humiliated by classmates and wishes that she was 30 years old. When she eventually does emerge, she finds herself five days shy of her 30th birthday, uncertain how she got there.
The film received generally positive reviews from critics, with many praising Garner's performance and its nostalgic environment. It was also praised for its humorous plot and self-empowering message. The film was also a commercial success, earning $22 million in its first week and grossing over $96 million, becoming one of the year's biggest-selling DVD rental titles. Its soundtrack features songs spanning from the 1980s to the 2000s, with a range of hits from famous recording artists such as Talking Heads, Billy Joel, Madonna, Michael Jackson, Pat Benatar and Whitney Houston. Additionally, the soundtrack charted inside the top 50 on the US Billboard 200 chart. Garner's acting earned her nominations from both the MTV Movie Awards and the Teen Choice Awards, and the film was also re-released in DVD in 2006 as "Fun and Flirty Edition", and on Blu-Ray in 2009.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Music
4.1 Soundtrack
4.2 Other songs featured in the film
4.3 Original score
5 Release and reception
5.1 Box office and home media
5.2 Critical reception
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
On May 26, 1987, Jenna Rink, a gawky girl, yearns to be popular, but the only way she can get the ruling clique—the "Six Chicks", led by the unkind Lucy "Tom-Tom" Wyman—to attend her upcoming 13th birthday party is by doing their homework. Jenna's best friend, the geeky boy Matty Flamhaff (with the nickname of Beaver because he looks like the star of Leave It to Beaver), arrives early to the party to give her a bright pink, dream dollhouse that he built for her. He sprinkles his second gift, a packet of glittery "magic wishing dust", on its roof.
The Six Chicks soon show up with the cutest boys in class and make Jenna play "seven minutes in heaven". While Jenna waits, blindfolded, in a dark closet, thinking a popular boy she has a crush on is about to enter, the Six Chicks vanish with all the boys, half the food and Jenna's completed homework. It is Matt who walks into the closet, to Jenna's horror. She locks herself in the closet and cries, wishing to be 30; above her, the glittering wishing dust from the dollhouse gently rains down.
The next morning, Jenna awakens in a gleaming Fifth Avenue apartment. Jenna's dream has come true: It is now 2004, and Jenna, at first utterly baffled, particularly by the handsome hunk in her shower, realizes she has magically turned 30 overnight, with no idea of what happened in the intervening 17 years.
Jenna discovers that she works for Poise, her favorite fashion magazine. Tough-as-nails Lucy is her co-editor and best friend, but the magazine itself is in serious trouble, having been scooped by a rival magazine named Sparkle so often that the editor-in-chief believes someone inside Poise is tipping them off. Jenna, freaking out like the frightened teen she still is, wants only to find Matty. She gets his address and races down to Greenwich Village where the now-grown Matt (Mark Ruffalo) is a struggling photographer. To her confusion, he is distant and cold, and cannot even fill Jenna on much of her missing past, because she became head of the "Six now seven Chicks", and never spoke to Matt again. She even became Prom Queen—and Lucy, her only friend, is actually the original "Tom-Tom" after plastic surgery.
While delighting in her freedom and great clothes, Jenna stumbles through a grown-up world, learning enough of life to advise other 13-year-olds whom she actually prefers to hang with. But her slowly emerging past reveals she was nothing like the sweet, shy girl she had been the day before: this grown-up Jenna stole ideas, refuses to speak to her parents, and has office sex with the husband of a co-worker. After Jenna overhears her supposed best friend Lucy badmouthing her, in a plan to save the magazine behind her back, she decides to fix the sins of the past she cannot remember.
She returns to her hometown in New Jersey and weeps in the same basement closet. Her parents find her there, and they hug. She gets back in touch with Matt, gingerly apologizes and hires him to do the photography on her own new plans for Poise, which is a huge break for him. Even though Matt has a fiancée in Chicago who is eager for him to move there, Jenna and Matt begin to fall for each other.
Everyone loves Matt's photos and Jenna's new plans to save the magazine, but when Sparkle shows up yet again with this exact material, including Matt's own photographs, and with Lucy as their new head, Poise folds. Outraged, Jenna confronts Lucy for stealing, but Lucy scornfully tells her that Jenna was the one sabotaging her own magazine all along; Lucy merely found out about it and did the same thing.
Matt, wounded by what he thought was Jenna's betrayal of him, is getting married the next day. Jenna rushes out to the leafy suburb on his wedding day, hoping to convince Matt that she was not the person she had seemed to be, that he would marry her if he could see who she really was, but Matt, already in his tux, says the past cannot come back and hands Jenna her pink homemade dollhouse, which he had kept all these years. While the wedding begins in the background, Jenna leaves in tears, closing her eyes and clinging to the dollhouse—on which a few bits of wishing dust still remain.
When Jenna opens her eyes, she is back in 1987, on that same 13th birthday night with a second chance. This time, when Matt finds her huddled alone in the closet, she kisses him. They run upstairs together, bumping into Tom-Tom on the way; Jenna rips up the homework in Tom-Tom's hands and Jenna and Matt run out of the house, emerging as a wedding couple on the other side of the door, and, as credits roll, they are moving into a bright pink house just like the dollhouse that started it all.
Cast[edit]
Jennifer Garner as Jenna Rink
Christa B. Allen as Young Jenna
Mark Ruffalo as Matt "Matty" Flamhaff
Sean Marquette as Young Matt
Judy Greer as Lucy "Tom-Tom" Wyman
Alexandra Kyle as Young Lucy
Andy Serkis as Richard Kneeland
Kathy Baker as Beverly Rink
Phil Reeves as Wayne Rink
Lynn Collins as Wendy
Samuel Ball as Alex Carlson
Susan Egan as Tracy Hansen
Marcia DeBonis as Arlene
Kiersten Warren-Acevedo as Trish Sackett
Scout Taylor-Compton as Tiffany
Jim Gaffigan as Chris Grandy
Alex Black as Young Chris
Ashley Benson as Six chick
Brie Larson as Six chick
Brittany Curran as Six chick
Renee Olstead as Becky
Kayla Hickson as Mindy
Nick Olig as Himself
Steven Strozza as Himself
Maz Jobrani
Production[edit]
Garner (shown here in 2013) plays lead character Jenna Rink
In October 2002, American director Gary Winick was in negotiations to direct 13 Going on 30.[2] It was also announced that Susan Arnold and Donna Arkoff Roth were producing the project with the writers' manager, Gina Matthews.[2] In May 13, 2003, it was reported that filming for the movie was underway in Los Angeles on Revolution Studios.[3] It was filmed in Los Angeles, California, New York City, and South Pasadena, California.[4][5] Interiors shots were filmed in Los Angeles. The crew moved to New York City, where they shot exteriors for 17 days.[6] Principal photography took place from May to November 2003. Written by Josh Goldsmith and Cathy Yuspa, the script was "polished" by Niels Mueller (who lost an initial writing credit in a subsequent dispute arbitrated by the Writers Guild of America).[7]
American actress Jennifer Garner was cast for the movie's lead role. In order to film the picture, Garner shot it while on break from filming her TV series Alias.[8] Gwyneth Paltrow, Hilary Swank, and Renée Zellweger were all considered for the part played by Garner.[8] Judy Greer was cast to play Lucy, Garner's best friend; Kathy Baker and Phil Reeves were invited to be Garner's mother and father, respectively.[3] Later, Andy Serkis was selected to play Garner's boss; while Samuel Ball was announced as Garner's boyfriend.[9] Christa B. Allen, who portrays 13-year-old Jenna, would later "reprise" her role as a younger version of Jennifer Garner by portraying the teenaged version of Jenny Perotti in Ghosts of Girlfriends Past.[10] In October 2016 it was announced 13 Going on 30 is going to Broadway in late 2017.[11]
Music[edit]
Soundtrack[edit]
13 Going on 30 Soundtrack
Soundtrack album by Various Artists
Released
April 20, 2004
Genre
Pop, pop rock, new wave, dance-pop
Label
Hollywood
The 13 Going on 30 soundtrack was released on April 20, 2004 from Hollywood Records.[12] The album mostly contains music from the 1980s, but there is a handful of songs performed by contemporary artists, such as Lillix and Liz Phair. It was released on April 20, 2004 by Hollywood Records.
"Head Over Heels" – The Go-Go's
"Jessie's Girl" – Rick Springfield
"Burning Down The House" – Talking Heads
"Mad About You" – Belinda Carlisle
"I Wanna Dance With Somebody (Who Loves Me)" – Whitney Houston
"What I Like About You" – Lillix
"Ice Ice Baby" – Vanilla Ice
"Crazy for You" – Madonna
"Vienna" – Billy Joel
"Why Can't I?" – Liz Phair
"Tainted Love" – Soft Cell
"Love Is a Battlefield" – Pat Benatar
"Will I Ever Make It Home" – Ingram Hill
Other songs featured in the film[edit]
"Once in a Lifetime" – Talking Heads
"Thriller" – Michael Jackson
"Everybody Have Fun Tonight" – Wang Chung
"Keep It Simple (Stupid)" – Daniel Lenz
"Good Day" – Luce
"Chick a Boom Boom Boom" – Mowo!
The songs "Breathe" by Michelle Branch and "Iris" by the Goo Goo Dolls were featured in promotional trailers, but were not featured in the movie or on the soundtrack.
Original score[edit]
13 Going on 30
Film score by Theodore Shapiro
Released
April 6, 2004
Length
29:46
Label
Hollywood Records
Theodore Shapiro chronology
Starsky & Hutch
(2004) 13 Going on 30
(2004) DodgeBall: A True Underdog Story
(2004)
"Prologue" (4:19)
"Jenna Dream House" (1:13)
"Transformation" (0:31)
"Wake Up" (2:03)
"Naked Guy" (0:36)
"Off to Work" (0:29)
"Poise" (0:43)
"Paper Throw" (0:28)
"Can I Go?" (1:05)
"Matt's Apt" (0:46)
"Fluffy Pillow" (0:49)
"Au Revoir" (0:44)
"Good Luck With Fractions" (0:35)
"Mean Messages" (0:25)
"Eavesdropping" (0:46)
"Yearbook Idea" (1:14)
"Elevator" (0:25)
"Swings" (01:49)
"Assemble the Proposal" (0:39)
"Hang in There" (0:38)
"Angry Lucy" (0:15)
"Presentation" (2:30)
"Sneaking" (0:59)
"Rain Montage" (1:08)
"Getting Married Tomorrow" (0:29)
"Sparkle Bus Overlay" (0:39)
"Dream House Revisited" (1:28)
"30 to 13" (0:38)
"Crazy for You Overlay" (1:09)
Release and reception[edit]
Box office and home media[edit]
The film opened on April 23, 2004, with an initial box office take of US$22 million in its first weekend, debuting at number 2, almost tied with Denzel Washington's thriller Man on Fire.[13] In its second week, it dropped to number 3, earning US$10 million.[14] In its third week, it fell to number 5, earning US$5.5 million.[15] In its fourth week, it took sixth place with an estimated $4.2 million.[16] In its fifth week, it only fell to number 7, with an estimated $2.5 million.[17] In its sixth week, the film fell to number 9, earning $1 million.[18] It ended with nearly $60 million at the domestic box office.[19] The same picture became one of the five biggest DVD rentals of the year, with over $57 million in rentals alone according to the Internet Movie Database. The film's success on DVD granted it a re-release (The Fun and Flirty Edition) in 2006 with special packaging. The picture grossed $96,455,697, going on to become one of the year's biggest DVD rentals and sellers.[19] The Blu-ray version of 13 Going on 30 was released on January 20, 2009.[20]
Critical reception[edit]
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source
Rating
Boston Globe [25]
Chicago Reader positive[28]
Entertainment Weekly A−[21]
LA Weekly favorable[29]
The New York Times favorable[27]
Roger Ebert [26]
San Francisco Chronicle favorable[22]
USA Today [23]
Variety positive[24]
The Village Voice favorable[30]
The film received an approval rating of 65% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 158 reviews.[31] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a very positive review with a grade of "A-", writing "13 Going on 30 is the rare commercial comedy that leaves you entranced by what can happen only in the movies."[21] Gleiberman also praised Jennifer Garner's performance, writing: "She cuts out all traces of adult consciousness, of irony and flirtation and manipulation, reducing herself to a keen, goggle-eyed earnestness that's utterly beguiling."[21] Joe Leydon of Variety also praised her performance, writing "Garner throws herself so fully and effectively into the role that in a few key scenes, she vividly conveys Jenna's high spirits and giddy pleasure through the graceful curling of her toes."[24] Leydon praised the director Gary Winick for " bringing a fresh spin to most of the script's cliches and emphasizing nuggets of emotional truth provided by Goldsmith and Yuspa."[24] Wesley Morris of The Boston Globe wrote that "The movie is tailor-made for women who openly lust for dream houses, dream jobs, and dream hubbies."[25] He also wrote that "the best stuff involves the childhood preamble. (The young actors playing Jenna, Matt, and Lucy are terrific.) Those moments feel painfully, comically true."[25]
Claudia Puig of USA Today gave the film 3 out of 4 stars, commenting, "This romantic comedy is intended as a cautionary fairy tale. The silly humor works with the movie's gentle message of self-empowerment and avoids sappiness in a tender interlude where the adult Jenna returns to her childhood home. Amusing, charming and pleasantly nostalgic, 13 Going on 30 should fall easily onto moviegoers' wish lists."[23] It is written: "This shameless rip-off of the Tom Hanks Classic Big is weak, but predictable and is sparked by the excellent performance of Jennifer Garner".[32]
Elvis Mitchell of The New York Times wrote: "The performances give the movie more flavor and life than the situation does; it often feels like prechewed Bubble Yum. The message of the plot is that a lack of sophistication is the key to success, even at a fashion magazine that attracts readers through sexy exhibitionism. The movie would have shown some daring savvy if it had played more with the role-playing aspect of fashion spreads. Instead it is content to eat its retro snack cake and have it, too."[27] Andrea Gronvall of the Chicago Reader wrote that "The formula works, thanks in large part to star Jennifer Garner, who's so radiant theaters should be stocking sunblock. Underlying the shenanigans and the pop-psychology moral—self-love is a prerequisite for true love—there's a touching wistfulness about roads not taken."[28] Jorge Morales of The Village Voice commented: "The thirtysomething in me was all, gag me with a spoon, but the kid in me was like, this movie's rad to the max."[30]
Garner was nominated for MTV movie and Teen Choice awards for her role as Jenna Rink.[33]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c 13 Going on 30 at Box Office Mojo
^ Jump up to: a b "Winick big on Revolution's '13'". The Hollywood Reporter. October 9, 2002. Retrieved October 28, 2014. More than one of |website= and |work= specified (help)
^ Jump up to: a b ""13 Going on 30" Gets Underway". About.com. May 13, 2003. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bosely, Candice (April 11, 2004). "Bunker Hill native to appear in movie '13 Going on 30'". The Herald-Mail. Retrieved August 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Filmed in South Pasadena!". August 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "13 Going on 30 Production Notes - 2004 Movie Releases". Madeinatlantis.com. Retrieved August 13, 2014.
Jump up ^ ""13 Going on 30 written by Cathy Yuspa and Josh Goldsmith with "polishing" by Niels Mueller"". Retrieved April 28, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "13 Going on (2004) Trivia". IMDB. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Revolution's '13' is lucky number for Serkis, Ball". The Hollywood Reporter. March 21, 2003. Retrieved October 29, 2014. More than one of |website= and |work= specified (help)
Jump up ^ Semigran, Aly (April 23, 2014). "10 Things You Never Knew About '13 Going on 30'". Bustle. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
Jump up ^ "13 Going on 30 Musical Aiming for Broadway | Playbill". Playbill. Retrieved 2018-04-30.
Jump up ^ 13 Going on 30 Soundtrack, Internet Movie Database
Jump up ^ "'Man,' '13' light up boxoffice". IMDB. April 26, 2004. Retrieved July 30, 2012.
Jump up ^ "'Mean' Has Nice Opening". IMDB. May 3, 2004. Retrieved July 30, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Not Quite a Monster Smash". IMDB. May 10, 2004. Retrieved July 30, 2012.
Jump up ^ "'Troy' wins weekend horse race". IMDB. May 16, 2004. Retrieved July 30, 2012.
Jump up ^ "'Shrek 2' Becomes Summer's Film-To-Beat". IMDB. May 24, 2004. Retrieved July 30, 2012.
Jump up ^ "'Shrek' Wins; 'Tomorrow' Makes Waves". IMDB. May 31, 2004. Retrieved July 30, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "13 Going on 30 (2004) - Box Office Mojo". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved July 30, 2012.
Jump up ^ 13 Going on 30 Blu-ray, retrieved 2017-03-22
^ Jump up to: a b c "13 Going on 30 - Movie Review". EW. 22 April 2004. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
Jump up ^ LaSalle, Mick (April 23, 2004). "Getting what you wish for can be dangerous -- especially if you adore Rick Springfield". San Francisco Chronicle.
^ Jump up to: a b Puig, Claudia (April 22, 2004). "'13 Going on 30' not just for kids". USA Today.
^ Jump up to: a b c Leydon, Joe (April 10, 2004). "13 Going On 30". Variety.
^ Jump up to: a b c Morris, Wesley (April 23, 2004). "'13 Going on 30' has growing pains". The Boston Globe.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (April 23, 2004). "13 going on 30 :: rogerebert.com :: Reviews". Roger Ebert. Retrieved July 30, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Mitchell, Elvis (April 23, 2004). "13 Going On 30 (2004) FILM REVIEW; Freaky Future: An Awkward Teenager Finds Herself Fast-Forwarded to Adulthood". The New York Times. Retrieved July 30, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b 13 Going On 30 | Chicago Reader
Jump up ^ Thirteen Things I Learned Watching 13 Going on 30 - Page 1 - Film+TV - Los Angeles - LA Weekly
^ Jump up to: a b Film - Page 1 - Movies - New York - Village Voice
Jump up ^ 13 Going on 30 at Rotten Tomatoes
Jump up ^ 2005 DVD and Video guide, p.1120. ISBN 0-345-44995-9.
Jump up ^ Awards for 13 Going on 30 (2004). IMDb.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: 13 Going on 30
13 Going on 30 on IMDb
13 Going on 30 at AllMovie
13 Going on 30 at the TCM Movie Database
13 Going on 30 at the American Film Institute Catalog
13 Going on 30 at Box Office Mojo
13 Going on 30 at Rotten Tomatoes
13 Going on 30 at Metacritic
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Films directed by Gary Winick
Curfew (1989)
Out of the Rain (1991)
Sweet Nothing (1995)
The Tic Code (1999)
Sam the Man (2000)
Tadpole (2002)
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List of countries by meat consumption
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This is a list of countries by meat consumption. Meat is animal flesh that is eaten as food.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Accuracy
2 Countries by meat consumption
3 References
4 External links
Accuracy[edit]
The data tabulated below do not represent per capita amounts of meat eaten by humans. Instead, they represent FAO figures for carcass mass availability (with “carcass mass” for poultry estimated as ready-to-cook mass),[2] divided by population. The amount eaten by humans differs from carcass mass availability because the latter does not account for losses, which include bones, losses in retail and food service or home preparation (including trim and cooking), spoilage and “downstream” waste, and amounts consumed by pets (compare dressed weight).[3][4][5] As an example of the difference, for 2002, when the FAO figure for US per capita meat consumption was 124.48 kg (274.4 lb), the USDA estimate of US per capita loss-adjusted meat consumption was 62.6 kg (138 lb).[6] Additionally, the 2002 FAO study was potentially misleading for countries with high levels of meat export compared to their population, as it relied on production data using full carcass mass availability, whereas exports generally contain less bones, cartilage and other things not typically used for human consumption. For example, the FAO (2002) figure for Denmark, which has one of the highest meat export rates compared to its population, was 145.9 kg (322 lb) (highest in the world). More recent FAO figures (2009) have taken the earlier discrepancy into account, resulting in a significantly lower 95.3 kg (210 lb) for Denmark (13th in the world).[7][8] When further adjusted for loss, calculations by DTU Fødevareinstituttet suggest the actual consumption was 48 kg (106 lb) per adult.[8]
Countries by meat consumption[edit]
[hide]Country
Kg/person (2002)
Kg/person (2009)[9]
Albania 38.2
Algeria 18.3 19.5
American Samoa 24.9
Angola 19 22.4
Antigua and Barbuda 56 84.3
Argentina 97.6 98.3
Armenia 27.7 45.8
Australia 108.2 111.5
Austria 94.1 102
Azerbaijan 15.9 32
Bahamas 123.6 109.5
Bahrain 70.7
Bangladesh 3.1 4
Barbados 88.7 74.5
Belarus 58.6 78.4
Belgium 86.1 76.9
Belize 74.7 42.5
Benin 16.2 20.9
Bermuda 96.2 101.7
Bhutan 3
Bolivia 50 59.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina 21.4 27.9
Botswana 27.3 26.2
Brazil 82.4 85.3
Brunei 56.4 67.5
Bulgaria 69.4 53
Burkina Faso 11.2 14.8
Burundi 3.5 5.2
Cambodia 13.9 16.6
Cameroon 14.4 12.7
Canada 108.1 94.3
Cape Verde 26.3 46.1
Côte d'Ivoire 11.3 13.3
Central African Republic 28 33.5
Chad 14.3 13
Chile 66.4 74.1
China 52.4 58.2
Colombia 33.9 46.5
Comoros 7.6 13.4
Republic of the Congo 13.3 13.4
Democratic Republic of the Congo 4.8
Costa Rica 40.4 51.1
Croatia 49.9 66.3
Cuba 32.2 49.4
Cyprus 131.3 78.1
Czech Republic 77.3 83.4
Denmark 145.9 95.2
Djibouti 17.1 23.7
Dominica 67.1 68.6
Dominican Republic 37.8 53.7
Ecuador 45 56.4
Egypt 22.5 25.6
El Salvador 21.4 28.3
Eritrea 7.7 7.7
Estonia 67.4 59.6
Ethiopia 7.9 8.5
Faroe Islands 86.4
Fiji 39.1 38.8
Finland 67.4 74.8
France 101.1 86.7
French Guiana 13.2
French Polynesia 112.2 101.9
Gabon 46 66.4
The Gambia 5.2 8.1
Georgia 26 25.5
Germany 82.1 88.1
Ghana 9.9 13.9
Greece 78.7 74.8
Greenland 113.8
Grenada 97 61
Guadeloupe 12.7
Guam 52.6
Guatemala 23.8 28.8
Guinea 6.5 8.6
Guinea-Bissau 13 16.2
Guyana 31.8 39
Haiti 15.3 15.6
Honduras 24.7 34.3
Hungary 100.7 76
Iceland 84.8 86.2
India 5.2 4.4
Indonesia 8.3 11.6
Iran 23.1 36.3
Ireland 106.3 87.9
Israel 97.1 96
Italy 90.4 90.7
Jamaica 56.8 59.1
Japan 45.9 45.9
Jordan 29.8 42
Kazakhstan 44.8 62.6
Kenya 14.3 16.7
Kiribati 32.1 38.5
Kuwait 60.2 119.2
Kyrgyzstan 39 36.9
Laos 15 21.3
Latvia 45.7 61.5
Lebanon 63.1 58.8
Lesotho 15.4 18.3
Liberia 7.9 10.4
Libya 28.6 33.5
Lithuania 49.5 78.2
Luxembourg 141.7 107.9
Macedonia 35.4 40.8
Madagascar 17.6 14.7
Malawi 5.1 8.3
Malaysia 50.9 52.3
Maldives 16.6 21.6
Mali 19 22.2
Malta 86.9 84.5
Martinique 13.9
Mauritania 29.9 29.7
Mauritius 39.6 49.4
Mexico 58.6 63.8
Moldova 22.7 26.8
Mongolia 108.8 82.1
Montenegro 57.7
Morocco 20.6 30.1
Mozambique 5.6 7.8
Myanmar 10.7 32.1
Namibia 34 28.3
Nepal 10 9.9
Netherlands 89.3 85.5
Netherlands Antilles 73.3 91
New Caledonia 76.6 72.6
New Zealand 142.1 106.4
Nicaragua 14.9 25.3
Niger 11.2 25.6
Nigeria 8.6 8.8
Norway 61.7 66
North Korea 10.8 13.4
Oman 49.8
Pakistan 12.3 14.7
Panama 54.5 63.5
Papua New Guinea 73
Paraguay 70.3 41.9
Peru 34.5 20.8
Philippines 31.1 33.6
Poland 78.1 76.9
Portugal 91.1 93.4
Qatar 90.5
Reunion 46.8
Romania 54.5 64.7
Russia 51 69.2
Rwanda 4.4 6.5
Saint Kitts and Nevis 99.3 70.8
Saint Lucia 124.1 93.6
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 79.1 91.4
Samoa 82.6 87.2
Sao Tome and Principe 9.6 16.5
Saudi Arabia 44.6 54.4
Senegal 17.7 15.8
Serbia 45.2
Serbia and Montenegro 77.6 [10]
Seychelles 51.1 35.6
Sierra Leone 6.1 7.3
Singapore 71.1
Slovakia 67.4 60.4
Slovenia 88 88.3
Solomon Islands 9.7 11.9
South Africa 39 58.6
South Korea 48 54.1
Spain 118.6 97
Sri Lanka 6.6 6.3
Sudan 21 19.1
Suriname 40.3 47.5
Swaziland 34.2 26.9
Sweden 76.1 80.2
Switzerland 72.9 74.7
Syria 21.2 22.8
Tajikistan 8.7 14.7
Thailand 27.9 25.8
Timor-Leste 41.3 33.8
Tanzania 10 9.6
Togo 8.5 11.7
Trinidad and Tobago 57.8 47.7
Tunisia 25.5 25.9
Turkey 19.3 25.3
Turkmenistan 41.7 58.6
Uganda 11.7 11
Ukraine 32.3 48.5
United Arab Emirates 74.4 73.8
United Kingdom 79.6 84.2
United States of America 124.8 120.2
United States Virgin Islands 6.6
Uruguay 98.6 55.3
Uzbekistan 20.7 28.4
Vanuatu 32.6 35.4
Venezuela 56.6 76.8
Vietnam 28.6 49.9
Yemen 14.7 17.9
Zambia 11.9 12.3
Zimbabwe 15.2 21.3
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), FAOSTAT on-line statistical service (FAO, Rome, 2004). Available online at: http://faostat3.fao.org/
Meat consumption per capita refers to the total meat retained for use in country per person per year. Total meat includes meat from animals slaughtered in countries, irrespective of their origin, and comprises horsemeat, poultry, and meat from all other domestic or wild animals such as camels, rabbits, reindeer, and game animals
Per capita calculations were conducted by WRI using FAO data on meat production and trade, and using U.N. data on population. Meat consumption was calculated using a trade balance approach - total production plus imports, minus exports
References[edit]
Food portal
Jump up ^ Lawrie, R. A.; Ledward, D. A. (2006). Lawrie’s meat science (7th ed.). Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing Limited. ISBN 978-1-84569-159-2.
Jump up ^ FAOSTAT. (Statistical database of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Methods and Standards. http://faostat3.fao.org/mes/methodology_list/E
Jump up ^ Loss-adjusted food availability documentation. United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-availability-(per-capita)-data-system/loss-a<djusted-food-availability-documentation.aspx
Jump up ^ Buzby, J. C. H. F. Wells, B. Axtman and J. Mickey. 2009. Supermarket loss estimates for fresh fruit, vegetables, meat, poultry, and seafood and their use in the ERS loss-adjusted food availability data. United States Department of Agriculture. Econ. Infor. Bull. EIB-44. 26 pp.
Jump up ^ Muth, M. K., S. A.Karns, S. J. Nielsen, J. C. Buzby and H. F. Wells. 2011. Consumer-level food loss estimates and their use in the ERS loss-adjusted food availability data. United States Department of Agriculture Tech. Bull. TB-1927. 123 pp.
Jump up ^ Food availability (per capita) data system. (Excel files). United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-availability-(per-capita)-data-system/.aspx#26705
Jump up ^ Foodculture.dk (11 March 2013). "Forkerte tal om danskernes forbrug fordrejer køddebatten". Retrieved 31 May 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Landbrug & Fødevarer (14 August 2013). "Danskernes forbrug af kød". Archived from the original on 25 September 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
Jump up ^ FAO (2013). Current Worldwide Annual Meat Consumption per capita, Livestock and Fish Primary Equivalent. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Jump up ^ the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro was dissolved in 2006
Brown, Felicity (2 September 2009). "Meat consumption per capita". Retrieved 3 September 2014.
External links[edit]
"FAO's Animal Production and Health Division: Meat & Meat Products". fao.org. Retrieved 2017-07-12.
"Agricultural output - Meat consumption". theOECD. Retrieved 2017-07-12.
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text:
List of Middle Eastern countries by population
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Table[edit]
Rank
Country
(or dependent territory)
July 1, 2015
projection[1]
% of
pop.
Average
relative
annual
growth
(%)[2]
Average
absolute
annual
growth
[3]
Estimated
doubling
time
(Years)[4]
Official
figure
(where
available)
Date of
last figure
Source
1 Egypt 90,253,760 21.86 2.29 1,981,000 31 95,401,000 May 25, 2018 Official population clock
2 Iran 78,778,000 19.08 1.29 1,001,000 54 81,076,000 May 25, 2018 Official population clock
3 Turkey 78,214,000 18.95 1.34 1,035,000 52 77,695,904 December 31, 2014 Official estimate
4 Iraq 36,575,000 8.86 2.90 1,030,000 24 36,575,000 2015 Official estimate
5 Saudi Arabia 31,521,000 7.64 2.44 751,000 29 31,521,418 2015 Official estimate
6 Yemen 26,745,000 6.48 2.95 766,000 24 24,527,000 July 1, 2012 Official estimate
7 Syria 23,270,000 5.64 2.45 557,000 29 21,377,000 December 31, 2011 Official estimate
8 Jordan 10,248,069 1.66 2.75 183,000 26 10,248,069 2017 https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/jo.html
9 United Arab Emirates 9,154,000 2.22 0.9 83,000 76 9,154,000 July 1, 2015 Official estimate
10 Israel 8,372,000 2.03 1.89 155,000 37 8,436,600 October 31, 2015 Monthly official estimate
11
Libya
6,293,000 1.50 0.9 60,000 35 6,293,000 2016 Official estimate
12 Lebanon 6,185,000 1.50 1.78 75,000 39 4,965,846 December 31, 2013 Official estimate[permanent dead link]
13 Oman 4,181,000 1.01 5.13 204,000 14 4,381,700 May 25, 2018 Official population clock
14 Kuwait 4,161,000 1.01 3.00 121,000 23 4,183,658 June 30, 2015 Official estimate
15 Qatar 2,113,000 0.51 4.29 87,000 16 2,412,483 October 31, 2015 Monthly official estimate
16 Bahrain 1,781,000 0.43 7.35 122,000 10 1,234,571 April 27, 2010 Final 2010 census result
Total 419,116,760 100.00 2.01 8,284,000 35
See also[edit]
Demographics of the Middle East.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Calculated, when available, from the latest national censuses or most recent official estimates (many of which are cited in their respective column), using the exponential formula shown on the List of countries by past and future population article. This is done to normalize the different populations to a unique date, so that they are really comparable.
Jump up ^ It corresponds to the following formula: projection2015/projection2014x100-100.
Jump up ^ It corresponds to the calculation: projection2015*annual_growth/100.
Jump up ^ It corresponds to the formula: LN(2)/LN(growth/100+1), which produces exactly the same result as LOG10(2)/LOG10(growth/100+9).
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Middle_Eastern_countries_by_population&oldid=842321098"
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This page was last edited on 21 May 2018, at 18:04.
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