text:
Dream Weaver
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This article is about the song. For the web development software, see Adobe Dreamweaver. For other uses, see Dreamweaver (disambiguation).
"Dream Weaver"
Single by Gary Wright
from the album The Dream Weaver
B-side
"Let It Out"
Released
December 1975
Recorded
1975
Genre
Progressive pop[1]
soft rock[2]
Length
4:17 (album version)
3:15 (single version)
Label
Warner Bros.
Songwriter(s)
Gary Wright
Producer(s)
Gary Wright
Gary Wright singles chronology
"Dream Weaver"
(1975) "Love Is Alive"
(1976)
"Dream Weaver"
(1976) "Love Is Alive"
(1976)
"Dream Weaver" is a song by the American singer Gary Wright, released as the first single from his third studio album The Dream Weaver (1975) in December 1975. The song became a hit in the US, reaching #2 in the Billboard charts[3] while it reached #1 in the Cash Box charts in 1976.[4]
The song features Wright on vocals and keyboards and Jim Keltner on drums. According to Gary Wright, the song was inspired by Autobiography of a Yogi, which was given to him by George Harrison.[5] Paramhansa Yogananda's poem "God! God! God!" made reference to "the idea of the mind weaving dreams." The expression "Dream Weaver" was popularized by John Lennon in 1970 in his song "God", taken from his solo album John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band. This song depicts Lennon's declaration that he was the dream weaver of the 1960s, breaking away from the influences and dogmas that influenced his life.
All instrumentation was created using a synthesizer, except for Keltner's percussion. In 1992, Gary Wright re-recorded a longer version of "Dream Weaver" for the Wayne's World movie soundtrack.
Contents
[hide]
1 In popular culture
1.1 In advertising
1.2 In films
1.3 In television
2 Use by other musical artists
3 Chart performance
3.1 Weekly singles charts
3.2 Year-end charts
3.3 Certifications
4 References
5 External links
In popular culture[edit]
In advertising[edit]
The song was used in a 2015 CiCi's Pizza TV commercial.
The song is heard in a 2017 TV commercial for Esurance which features John Krasinski.[6]
The song, sung by Kevin Quain is featured in a 2017 Canadian television commercial for furniture retailer Leon's.
In films[edit]
This song, and its keyboard intro/outro, according to Wes Craven, inspired the concept behind the film A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984).[7]
The song was later re-recorded for the soundtrack of the 1992 film Wayne's World. A re-recorded version by Wright appears in the 2016 movie Ghost Team.
The song was used in the 1996 film The People vs. Larry Flynt.
The song was used in the 2003 film Daddy Day Care.
The song was used in the 2010 Pixar film Toy Story 3.
The song appeared in the 2016 Blue Sky Studios film Ice Age: Collision Course twice. First when Sid meets Brooke and later during the end credits sequence.
In television[edit]
Portions of "Dream Weaver" were first sampled in a short film appearing in the 1990 Wayne's World episode of Saturday Night Live, in which guest star Wayne Gretzky appears, and Wayne is picturing that song playing as he imagines himself defeating Gretzky in street hockey and then winning his wife, Janet Jones.
"Dream Weaver" was featured over the closing credits of the sixth episode of the fourth season of the classic HBO sketch comedy series Mr. Show with Bob and David.
"Dream Weaver" was featured in the Fox That '70s Show episode, "The First Time".
"Dream Weaver" was featured in CheekiiChaps' "Battle for MLG Island" videos with an airhorn remix, titled "Meme Weaver".
"Dream Weaver" was featured in the Fox black comedy "Scream Queens" in the episode, "Lovin' the D".
A Japanese version of "Dream Weaver" was featured in the Fox animated comedy "Family Guy" in the episode, "Carter and Tricia".
"Dream Weaver" was the name of season 1, episode 13 of The Neighbors, where the plot center around Marty and Debbie Weaver meeting at a high school dance while Dream Weaver played.
"Dream Weaver" was featured in an episode of Nickelodeon's Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn titled "Quaddyshack".
Use by other musical artists[edit]
"Dream Weaver" and "Love Is Alive" are sampled in "Wordz of Wisdom", a single from 3rd Bass's release, The Cactus Album (1989).
Dance artist Erin Hamilton covered it for her album One World (1999).
It was featured prominently in the gay love story film Trick (1999).
Crowbar recorded a doom metal version of "Dream Weaver" for their album Equilibrium (2000).
Electronic rock artist JES covered it as a single release (2015).
Canadian singer-songwriter Kevin Quain released a version of it in October 2017.
Chart performance[edit]
Weekly singles charts[edit]
Chart (1975–76)
Peak
position
Australia[8] 24
Canada (RPM)[9] 1
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[10] 31
US Billboard Hot 100[11] 2
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[12] 14
US Cash Box Top 100[13] 1
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1976)
Rank
Canada[14] 24
US Billboard Hot 100[15] 37
US Cash Box[16] 17
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
United States (RIAA)[17]
Gold 1,000,000^
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Breithaupt, Don; Breithaupt, Jeff (2000), Night Moves: Pop Music in the Late '70s, St. Martin's Press, p. 67, ISBN 978-0-312-19821-3
Jump up ^ "Explore: Soft Rock | Top Songs | AllMusic". Web.archive.org. November 12, 2011. Archived from the original on November 12, 2011. Retrieved 2014-03-11.
Jump up ^ Gary Wright Biography – Billboard.com
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on January 18, 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on August 25, 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-31.
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ Craven, Wes. "DVD audio commentary". A Nightmare on Elm Street.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on June 2, 2016. Retrieved 2016-10-08.
Jump up ^ "Top Singles – Volume 25, No. 01 April 03 1976". RPM. Retrieved November 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Gary Wright – Dream Weaver". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved November 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Gary Wright – Chart history" Billboard Hot 100 for Gary Wright. Retrieved October 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Gary Wright – Chart history" Billboard Adult Contemporary for Gary Wright. Retrieved October 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on November 2, 2014. Retrieved 2015-10-23.
Jump up ^ "Top Singles – Volume 26, No. 14 & 15, January 08 1977". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Hits of 1976/Top 100 Songs of 1976". Musicoutfitters.com. Retrieved 2016-10-11.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on October 21, 2014. Retrieved 2016-06-05.
Jump up ^ "American single certifications – Gary Wright – Dream Weaver". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved November 6, 2012. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
External links[edit]
CASH BOX TOP SINGLES – 1976
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Preceded by
"Love to Love You Baby" by Donna Summer RPM number one single (Canada)
April 3, 1976 Succeeded by
"December 1963 (Oh, What A Night)" by The Four Seasons
Preceded by
"December, 1963 (Oh, What a Night)"
by The Four Seasons Cash Box Top 100 singles
March 27, 1976 Succeeded by
"Lonely Night (Angel Face)"
by Captain and Tennille
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dream_Weaver&oldid=808469874"
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1976 singles
Progressive pop songs
Gary Wright songs
RPM Top Singles number-one singles
Warner Bros. Records singles
Songs written by Gary Wright
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text:
NBA Rookie of the Year Award
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 31 December 2017.
Jump to: navigation, search
[hide]National Basketball Association awards and honors
Championship
O'Brien Trophy
Brown Trophy (defunct)
Individual awards
All-Star Game MVP
Bill Russell Finals MVP
Coach of the Year
Defensive Player of the Year
Executive of the Year
J. Walter Kennedy Citizenship
Community Assist Award
Most Improved Player
Most Valuable Player
Rookie of the Year
Sixth Man of the Year
Sportsmanship Award
Twyman–Stokes Teammate of the Year
Lifetime Achievement Award
Honors
All-NBA Team
All-Rookie Team
All-Defensive Team
v
t
e
The National Basketball Association's Rookie of the Year Award is an annual National Basketball Association (NBA) award given to the top rookie(s) of the regular season. Initiated following the 1952–53 NBA season, it confers the Eddie Gottlieb Trophy, named after the former Philadelphia Warriors head coach.
The winner is selected by a panel of United States and Canadian sportswriters and broadcasters,[1] each casting first, second, and third place votes (worth five points, three points, and one point respectively). The player(s) with the highest point total, regardless of the number of first-place votes, wins the award.[2]
The most recent Rookie of the Year winner is Malcolm Brogdon. Twenty-one winners were drafted first overall. Fourteen winners have also won the NBA Most Valuable Player (MVP) award in their careers; Wilt Chamberlain and Wes Unseld earning both honors the same season. Nineteen of the forty two non-active winners have been elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Three seasons had joint winners—Dave Cowens and Geoff Petrie in the 1970–71 season, Grant Hill and Jason Kidd in the 1994–95 season, and Elton Brand and Steve Francis in the 1999–2000 season.[3] Five players won the award unanimously (by capturing all of the first-place votes) – Ralph Sampson, David Robinson, Blake Griffin, Damian Lillard, and Karl-Anthony Towns.[4]
Patrick Ewing of Jamaica,[5] Pau Gasol of Spain, Kyrie Irving of Australia and Andrew Wiggins of Canada are the only winners not born in the United States. Ewing immigrated to the Boston area at age 11, Irving moved to the United States at age 2, and Wiggins moved to the U.S. as a junior in high school; Gasol is the only winner trained totally outside the U.S..
Contents
[hide]
1 Winners
2 Unofficial winners
3 See also
4 Notes
5 References
Winners[edit]
Wilt Chamberlain won the award in the 1959–60 NBA season.
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar won the award in the 1969–70 NBA season.
Larry Bird won the award in the 1979–80 NBA season.
Michael Jordan won the award in the 1984–85 NBA season.
Allen Iverson won the award in the 1996–97 NBA season.
Pau Gasol won the award in the 2001–02 NBA season.
LeBron James won the award in the 2003–04 NBA season.
Kevin Durant won the award in the 2007–08 NBA season.
Derrick Rose won the award in the 2008–09 NBA season.
Key
^
Denotes player who is still active in the NBA
*
Elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame
Denotes unanimous winners
DP #
Draft pick number
DY
Draft year
T
Territorial pick
Rookie of the Year
Season
Player
Position
Nationality
Team
DP #
DY
1952–53
Meineke, DonDon Meineke
Forward/Center United States Fort Wayne Pistons 12 !12 1952
1953–54
Felix, RayRay Felix
Center United States Baltimore Bullets 01 !1 1953
1954–55
Pettit, BobBob Pettit*
Forward/Center United States Milwaukee Hawks 02 !2 1954
1955–56
Stokes, MauriceMaurice Stokes*
Forward/Center United States Rochester Royals 02 !2 1955
1956–57
Heinsohn, TomTom Heinsohn*
Forward United States Boston Celtics 99 !T 1956
1957–58
Sauldsberry, WoodyWoody Sauldsberry
Forward/Center United States Philadelphia Warriors 60 !60 1957
1958–59
Baylor, ElginElgin Baylor*
Forward United States Minneapolis Lakers 01 !1 1958
1959–60
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*[a]
Center United States Philadelphia Warriors 99 !T 1959
1960–61
Robertson, OscarOscar Robertson*
Guard United States Cincinnati Royals 01 !1/T 1960
1961–62
Bellamy, WaltWalt Bellamy*
Center United States Chicago Packers 01 !1 1961
1962–63
Dischinger, TerryTerry Dischinger
Forward/Guard United States Chicago Zephyrs 08 !8 1962
1963–64
Lucas, JerryJerry Lucas*[b]
Forward/Center United States Cincinnati Royals 99 !T 1962[b]
1964–65
Reed, WillisWillis Reed*
Center/Forward United States New York Knicks 08 !8 1964
1965–66
Barry, RickRick Barry*
Forward United States San Francisco Warriors 02 !2 1965
1966–67
Bing, DaveDave Bing*
Guard United States Detroit Pistons 02 !2 1966
1967–68
Monroe, EarlEarl Monroe*
Guard United States Baltimore Bullets 02 !2 1967
1968–69
Unseld, WesWes Unseld*[a]
Center/Forward United States Baltimore Bullets 02 !2 1968
1969–70
Alcindor, LewLew Alcindor*
Center United States Milwaukee Bucks 01 !1 1969
1970–71[c]
Cowens, DaveDave Cowens*
Center/Forward United States Boston Celtics 04 !4 1970
1970–71[c]
Petrie, GeoffGeoff Petrie
Guard United States Portland Trail Blazers 08 !8 1970
1971–72
Wicks, SidneySidney Wicks
Forward/Center United States Portland Trail Blazers 02 !2 1971
1972–73
McAdoo, BobBob McAdoo*
Center/Forward United States Buffalo Braves 02 !2 1972
1973–74
DiGregorio, ErnieErnie DiGregorio
Guard United States Buffalo Braves 03 !3 1973
1974–75
Wilkes, JamaalJamaal Wilkes*
Forward/Guard United States Golden State Warriors 11 !11 1974
1975–76
Adams, AlvanAlvan Adams
Center/Forward United States Phoenix Suns 04 !4 1975
1976–77
Dantley, AdrianAdrian Dantley*
Forward/Guard United States Buffalo Braves 06 !6 1976
1977–78
Davis, WalterWalter Davis
Guard/Forward United States Phoenix Suns 05 !5 1977
1978–79
Ford, PhilPhil Ford
Guard United States Kansas City Kings 02 !2 1978
1979–80
Bird, LarryLarry Bird*[d]
Forward United States Boston Celtics 06 !6 1978[d]
1980–81
Griffith, DarrellDarrell Griffith
Guard United States Utah Jazz 02 !2 1980
1981–82
Williams, BuckBuck Williams
Forward/Center United States New Jersey Nets 03 !3 1981
1982–83
Cummings, TerryTerry Cummings
Forward United States San Diego Clippers 02 !2 1982
1983–84
Sampson, RalphRalph Sampson*
Center/Forward United States Houston Rockets 01 !1 1983
1984–85
Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan*
Guard United States Chicago Bulls 03 !3 1984
1985–86
Ewing, PatrickPatrick Ewing*
Center United States[e] New York Knicks 01 !1 1985
1986–87
Person, ChuckChuck Person
Forward United States Indiana Pacers 04 !4 1986
1987–88
Jackson, MarkMark Jackson
Guard United States New York Knicks 18 !18 1987
1988–89
Richmond, MitchMitch Richmond*
Guard United States Golden State Warriors 05 !5 1988
1989–90
Robinson, DavidDavid Robinson* [f]
Center United States San Antonio Spurs 01 !1 1987[f]
1990–91
Coleman, DerrickDerrick Coleman
Forward United States New Jersey Nets 01 !1 1990
1991–92
Johnson, LarryLarry Johnson
Forward United States Charlotte Hornets 01 !1 1991
1992–93
O'Neal, ShaquilleShaquille O'Neal*
Center United States Orlando Magic 01 !1 1992
1993–94
Webber, ChrisChris Webber
Forward/Center United States Golden State Warriors 01 !1 1993
1994–95[c]
Hill, GrantGrant Hill
Forward/Guard United States Detroit Pistons 03 !3 1994
1994–95[c]
Kidd, JasonJason Kidd
Guard United States Dallas Mavericks 02 !2 1994
1995–96
Stoudamire, DamonDamon Stoudamire
Guard United States Toronto Raptors 07 !7 1995
1996–97
Iverson, AllenAllen Iverson*
Guard United States Philadelphia 76ers 01 !1 1996
1997–98
Duncan, TimTim Duncan
Forward/Center United States[g] San Antonio Spurs 01 !1 1997
1998–99
Carter, VinceVince Carter^
Guard/Forward United States Toronto Raptors 05 !5 1998
1999–00[c]
Brand, EltonElton Brand
Forward United States Chicago Bulls 01 !1 1999
1999–00[c]
Francis, SteveSteve Francis
Guard United States Houston Rockets 02 !2 1999
2000–01
Miller, MikeMike Miller^
Forward/Guard United States Orlando Magic 05 !5 2000
2001–02
Gasol, PauPau Gasol^
Forward/Center Spain Memphis Grizzlies 03 !3 2001
2002–03
Stoudemire, Amar'eAmar'e Stoudemire
Forward/Center United States Phoenix Suns 09 !9 2002
2003–04
James, LeBronLeBron James^
Forward United States Cleveland Cavaliers 01 !1 2003
2004–05
Okafor, EmekaEmeka Okafor
Center/Forward United States Charlotte Bobcats 02 !2 2004
2005–06
Paul, ChrisChris Paul^
Guard United States New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets 04 !4 2005
2006–07
Roy, BrandonBrandon Roy
Guard United States Portland Trail Blazers 06 !6 2006
2007–08
Durant, KevinKevin Durant^
Forward United States Seattle SuperSonics 02 !2 2007
2008–09
Rose, DerrickDerrick Rose^
Guard United States Chicago Bulls 01 !1 2008
2009–10
Evans, TyrekeTyreke Evans^
Guard/Forward United States Sacramento Kings 04 !4 2009
2010–11
Griffin, BlakeBlake Griffin^ [h]
Forward United States Los Angeles Clippers 01 !1 2009[h]
2011–12
Irving, KyrieKyrie Irving^
Guard United States Cleveland Cavaliers 01 !1 2011
2012–13
Lillard, DamianDamian Lillard^
Guard United States Portland Trail Blazers 06 !6 2012
2013–14
Carter-Williams, MichaelMichael Carter-Williams^
Guard United States Philadelphia 76ers 11 !11 2013
2014–15
Wiggins, AndrewAndrew Wiggins^
Forward/Guard Canada Minnesota Timberwolves 01 !1 2014
2015–16
Towns, Karl-AnthonyKarl-Anthony Towns^
Center United States[i] Minnesota Timberwolves 01 !1 2015
2016–17
Brogdon, MalcolmMalcolm Brogdon^
Guard United States Milwaukee Bucks 36 !36 2016
Unofficial winners[edit]
Prior to the 1952–53 season, the Rookie of the Year was selected by newspaper writers;[17] however, the NBA does not officially recognize those players as winners. The league did publish the pre-1953 winners in their 1994–95 edition of the Official NBA Guide and the 1994 Official NBA Basketball Encyclopedia, but those winners have not been listed in subsequent publications.[17][18][19]
Season
Player
Position
Nationality
Team
DP #
DY
1947–48
Hoffman, PaulPaul Hoffman
Guard/Forward United States Baltimore Bullets 1947
1948–49
Shannon, HowieHowie Shannon
Guard/Forward United States Providence Steamrollers 01 !1 1949[dubious – discuss]
1949–50
Groza, AlexAlex Groza
Center United States Indianapolis Olympians 02 !2 1949
1950–51
Arizin, PaulPaul Arizin*
Forward/Guard United States Philadelphia Warriors 99 !T 1950
1951–52[c]
Tosheff, BillBill Tosheff
Guard United States Indianapolis Olympians 32 !32 1951
1951–52[c]
Hutchins, MelMel Hutchins
Forward/Center United States Milwaukee Hawks 02 !2 1951
See also[edit]
National Basketball Association portal
NBA Development League Rookie of the Year Award
NBA Rookie of the Month Award
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award in same year.
^ Jump up to: a b Though drafted in 1962 by the Cincinnati Royals, Jerry Lucas did not sign with the team until 1963 when he tried to sign with the Cleveland Pipers of the American Basketball League instead. He ended up sitting out the year when the deal fell through. His rookie season with the Royals began in the 1963–64 season.[6]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Denotes seasons in which joint winners were named
^ Jump up to: a b Though drafted in 1978 by the Boston Celtics, Larry Bird, opted to stay in college for his senior year, did not play in the NBA until 1979. His rookie season with the Celtics began in the 1979–80 season.[7]
Jump up ^ Patrick Ewing was born in Jamaica, but had become a naturalized United States citizen while playing college basketball at Georgetown.[8] He represented the United States at the 1984 Summer Olympics.[9]
^ Jump up to: a b Though drafted in 1987 by the San Antonio Spurs, David Robinson did not play in the NBA until 1989 due to commitments to the United States Navy.[10] His rookie season with the Spurs began in the 1989–90 season.[11]
Jump up ^ Because Tim Duncan is a United States citizen by birth, as are all natives of the U.S. Virgin Islands,[12] he was able to play for the U.S. internationally. He represented the United States at the 2004 Summer Olympics[13]
^ Jump up to: a b Though drafted in 2009 by the Los Angeles Clippers, Blake Griffin missed the entire 2009–10 season due to a knee injury. His rookie season with the Clippers was the 2010–11 season.[14]
Jump up ^ Karl-Anthony Towns was born and raised in the United States to an American father and a Dominican mother.[15] He has represented the Dominican Republic internationally since 2012.[16]
References[edit]
General
"Rookie of the Year Award". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. Retrieved April 27, 2007.
"Rookie of the Year Award Winners". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved July 7, 2008.
Specific
Jump up ^ "Wolves' Towns named 2015-16 Kia Rookie of the Year". NBA.com. May 16, 2016. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Trail Blazers' Brandon Roy Named 2006-07 T-Mobile NBA Rookie of the Year". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. May 3, 2007. Retrieved July 10, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Brand, Francis named NBA co-rookies of the year". CBC Sports. November 10, 2000. Retrieved July 13, 2008.
Jump up ^ "It's unanimous: Karl-Anthony Towns gets every first-place vote for Rookie of the Year". StarTribune.com. Minneapolis Star Tribune. May 16, 2016. Retrieved May 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Bargnani becomes first European top NBA draft pick". People's Daily Online. June 29, 2006. Retrieved June 16, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Jerry Lucas Bio". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. Retrieved July 13, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Larry Bird Bio". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. Retrieved July 13, 2008.
Jump up ^ Ralph Wiley (January 7, 1985). "The Master Of The Key: After years of relying on others to unlock doors for him, Georgetown's center Patrick Ewing will soon go off on his own". Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on September 8, 2008. Retrieved June 16, 2008.
Jump up ^ "All-Time USA Basketball Men's Roster: E". USA Basketball. Archived from the original on August 4, 2008. Retrieved July 13, 2008.
Jump up ^ Dave Anderson (May 18, 1987). "Sports of the Times; The Robinson Plot Thickens". The New York Times. Retrieved June 16, 2008.
Jump up ^ "David Robinson". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Virgin Islands". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved August 12, 2008.
Jump up ^ "All-Time USA Basketball Men's Roster: D". USA Basketball. Archived from the original on August 28, 2009. Retrieved June 16, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Griffin's rookie season lost to injury". ESPN.com. January 13, 2010. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ Zgoda, Jerry (June 26, 2015). "Karl-Anthony Towns taken No.1 by Wolves; Tyus Jones acquired in trade with Cavaliers". Star Tribune. Retrieved June 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Calipari makes Dominican team roster cuts". WKYT. June 16, 2012. Retrieved June 26, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Friedman, David (March 2, 2009). "Bill Tosheff: NBA Co-Rookie of the Year and Tireless Advocate for the "Pre-1965ers". 20 Second Timeout. Retrieved September 1, 2011.
Jump up ^ Goldstein, Allan (October 30, 1994). "NBA forgot it honored Hoffman". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved September 1, 2011.
Jump up ^ Sachare, Alex (1994). The Official NBA Basketball Encyclopedia. New York: Villard Books. p. 371. ISBN 978-0-679-43293-7.
[show]
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NBA Rookie of the Year Award
1953: Meineke
1954: Felix
1955: Pettit
1956: Stokes
1957: Heinsohn
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1959: Baylor
1960: Chamberlain
1961: Robertson
1962: Bellamy
1963: Dischinger
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1975: Wilkes
1976: Adams
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1982: Williams
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1984: Sampson
1985: Jordan
1986: Ewing
1987: Person
1988: Jackson
1989: Richmond
1990: Robinson
1991: Coleman
1992: Johnson
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1994: Webber
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1996: Stoudamire
1997: Iverson
1998: Duncan
1999: Carter
2000: Brand & Francis
2001: Miller
2002: Gasol
2003: Stoudemire
2004: James
2005: Okafor
2006: Paul
2007: Roy
2008: Durant
2009: Rose
2010: Evans
2011: Griffin
2012: Irving
2013: Lillard
2014: Carter-Williams
2015: Wiggins
2016: Towns
2017: Brogdon
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Acetylcholinesterase
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"ACHE" redirects here. For other uses, see Ache.
acetylcholinesterase
Acetylcholinesterase catalyzes the hydrolysis of acetylcholine to acetate ion and choline
Identifiers
EC number
3.1.1.7
CAS number
9000-81-1
Databases
IntEnz
IntEnz view
BRENDA
BRENDA entry
ExPASy
NiceZyme view
KEGG
KEGG entry
MetaCyc
metabolic pathway
PRIAM
profile
PDB structures
RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene Ontology
AmiGO / QuickGO
[show]Search
PMC
articles
PubMed
articles
NCBI
proteins
ACHE
Available structures
PDB
Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
[show]List of PDB id codes
4EY7, 4PQE, 1F8U, 3LII, 4BDT, 4M0E, 4M0F, 1VZJ, 2X8B, 1B41, 4EY4, 4EY5, 4EY6, 4EY8, 5FOQ, 5HF9, 5HF6, 5FPQ, 5HF8, 5HFA
Identifiers
Aliases
ACHE, AChE, acetylhydrolase, acetylcholinesterase (Yt blood group), ACEE, ARN-YT, acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group), true cholinesterase (dated synonym)
External IDs
MGI: 87876 HomoloGene: 543 GeneCards: ACHE
[hide]Gene location (Human)
Chr.
Chromosome 7 (human)[1]
Band
7q22.1
Start
100,889,994 bp[1]
End
100,896,974 bp[1]
[show]Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.
Chromosome 5 (mouse)[2]
Band
5 G2|5 76.32 cM
Start
137,287,519 bp[2]
End
137,294,466 bp[2]
[hide]RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data
[show]Gene ontology
Molecular function
• protein homodimerization activity
• collagen binding
• acetylcholine binding
• serine hydrolase activity
• carboxylic ester hydrolase activity
• amyloid-beta binding
• cholinesterase activity
• protein self-association
• protein binding
• laminin binding
• hydrolase activity
• acetylcholinesterase activity
Cellular component
• Golgi apparatus
• membrane
• plasma membrane
• synapse
• basal lamina
• extracellular region
• cell surface
• cell junction
• perinuclear region of cytoplasm
• anchored component of membrane
• nucleus
• synaptic cleft
• extracellular space
• neuromuscular junction
Biological process
• muscle organ development
• receptor internalization
• neurotransmitter biosynthetic process
• negative regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic
• amyloid precursor protein metabolic process
• protein tetramerization
• acetylcholine catabolic process
• nervous system development
• neurotransmitter catabolic process
• DNA replication
• cell adhesion
• retina development in camera-type eye
• response to wounding
• positive regulation of protein secretion
• osteoblast development
• synapse assembly
• phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process
• regulation of receptor recycling
• cell proliferation
• acetylcholine catabolic process in synaptic cleft
• neurotransmitter receptor biosynthetic process
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species
Human Mouse
Entrez
43
11423
Ensembl
ENSG00000087085
ENSMUSG00000023328
UniProt
P22303
P21836
RefSeq (mRNA)
NM_000665
NM_001282449
NM_001302621
NM_001302622
NM_015831
NM_001290010
NM_009599
RefSeq (protein)
NP_000656
NP_001269378
NP_001289550
NP_001289551
NP_056646
NP_001276939
NP_033729
Location (UCSC)
Chr 7: 100.89 – 100.9 Mb Chr 7: 137.29 – 137.29 Mb
PubMed search
[3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse
Acetylcholinesterase (HGNC symbol ACHE), also known as AChE or acetylhydrolase, is the primary cholinesterase in the body. It is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of acetylcholine and of some other choline esters that function as neurotransmitters. AChE is found at mainly neuromuscular junctions and in chemical synapses of the cholinergic type, where its activity serves to terminate synaptic transmission. It belongs to carboxylesterase family of enzymes. It is the primary target of inhibition by organophosphorus compounds such as nerve agents and pesticides.
Contents
[hide]
1 Enzyme structure and mechanism
2 Biological function
3 Disease relevance
4 Distribution
5 AChE gene
5.1 AChET
5.2 AChEH
5.3 AChER
6 Nomenclature
7 Inhibitors
8 See also
9 References
10 Further reading
11 External links
Enzyme structure and mechanism[edit]
AChe mechanism of action[5]
AChE is a hydrolase that hydrolyzes choline esters. It has a very high catalytic activity - each molecule of AChE degrades about 25000 molecules of acetylcholine (ACh) per second, approaching the limit allowed by diffusion of the substrate.[6][7] The active site of AChE comprises 2 subsites - the anionic site and the esteratic subsite. The structure and mechanism of action of AChE have been elucidated from the crystal structure of the enzyme.[8][9]
The anionic subsite accommodates the positive quaternary amine of acetylcholine as well as other cationic substrates and inhibitors. The cationic substrates are not bound by a negatively charged amino acid in the anionic site, but by interaction of 14 aromatic residues that line the gorge leading to the active site.[10][11][12] All 14 amino acids in the aromatic gorge are highly conserved across different species.[13] Among the aromatic amino acids, tryptophan 84 is critical and its substitution with alanine results in a 3000-fold decrease in reactivity.[14] The gorge penetrates half way through the enzyme and is approximately 20 angstroms long. The active site is located 4 angstroms from the bottom of the molecule.[15]
The esteratic subsite, where acetylcholine is hydrolyzed to acetate and choline, contains the catalytic triad of three amino acids: serine 200, histidine 440 and glutamate 327. These three amino acids are similar to the triad in other serine proteases except that the glutamate is the third member rather than aspartate. Moreover, the triad is of opposite chirality to that of other proteases.[16] The hydrolysis reaction of the carboxyl ester leads to the formation of an acyl-enzyme and free choline. Then, the acyl-enzyme undergoes nucleophilic attack by a water molecule, assisted by the histidine 440 group, liberating acetic acid and regenerating the free enzyme.[17][18]
Biological function[edit]
During neurotransmission, ACh is released from the presynaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft and binds to ACh receptors on the post-synaptic membrane, relaying the signal from the nerve. AChE, also located on the post-synaptic membrane, terminates the signal transmission by hydrolyzing ACh. The liberated choline is taken up again by the pre-synaptic neuron and ACh is synthesized by combining with acetyl-CoA through the action of choline acetyltransferase.[19][20]
A cholinomimetic drug disrupts this process by acting as a cholinergic neurotransmitter that is impervious to acetylcholinesterase's lysing action.
Disease relevance[edit]
Main article: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
For a cholinergic neuron to receive another impulse, ACh must be released from the ACh receptor. This occurs only when the concentration of ACh in the synaptic cleft is very low. Inhibition of AChE leads to accumulation of ACh in the synaptic cleft and results in impeded neurotransmission.[21]
Mechanism of Inhibitors of AChE
Irreversible inhibitors of AChE may lead to muscular paralysis, convulsions, bronchial constriction, and death by asphyxiation. Organophosphates (OP), esters of phosphoric acid, are a class of irreversible AChE inhibitors.[22] Cleavage of OP by AChE leaves a phosphoryl group in the esteratic site, which is slow to be hydrolyzed (on the order of days) and can become covalently bound. Irreversible AChE inhibitors have been used in insecticides (e.g., malathion) and nerve gases for chemical warfare (e.g., Sarin and Soman). Carbamates, esters of N-methyl carbamic acid, are AChE inhibitors that hydrolyze in hours and have been used for medical purposes (e.g., physostigmine for the treatment of glaucoma). Reversible inhibitors occupy the esteratic site for short periods of time (seconds to minutes) and are used to treat of a range of central nervous system diseases. Tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA) and donepezil are FDA-approved to improve cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease. Rivastigmine is also used to treat Alzheimer's and Lewy body dementia, and pyridostigmine bromide is used to treat myasthenia gravis.[23][24][25][26][27][28]
An endogenous inhibitor of AChE in neurons is Mir-132 microRNA, which may limit inflammation in the brain by silencing the expression of this protein and allowing ACh to act in an anti-inflammatory capacity.[29]
It has also been shown that the main active ingredient in cannabis, tetrahydrocannabinol, is a competitive inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase.[30]
Distribution[edit]
AChE is found in many types of conducting tissue: nerve and muscle, central and peripheral tissues, motor and sensory fibers, and cholinergic and noncholinergic fibers. The activity of AChE is higher in motor neurons than in sensory neurons.[31][32][33]
Acetylcholinesterase is also found on the red blood cell membranes, where different forms constitute the Yt blood group antigens.[34] Acetylcholinesterase exists in multiple molecular forms, which possess similar catalytic properties, but differ in their oligomeric assembly and mode of attachment to the cell surface.
AChE gene[edit]
In mammals, acetylcholinesterase is encoded by a single AChE gene while some invertebrates have multiple acetylcholinesterase genes. Diversity in the transcribed products from the sole mammalian gene arises from alternative mRNA splicing and post-translational associations of catalytic and structural subunits. There are three known forms: T (tail), R (read through), and H(hydrophobic).[35]
AChET[edit]
The major form of acetylcholinesterase found in brain, muscle, and other tissues, known as is the hydrophilic species, which forms disulfide-linked oligomers with collagenous, or lipid-containing structural subunits. In the neuromuscular junctions AChE expresses in asymmetric form which associates with ColQ or subunit. In the central nervous system it is associated with PRiMA which stands for Proline Rich Membrane anchor to form symmetric form. In either case, the ColQ or PRiMA anchor serves to maintain the enzyme in the intercellular junction, ColQ for the neuromuscular junction and PRiMA for synapses.
AChEH[edit]
The other, alternatively spliced form expressed primarily in the erythroid tissues, differs at the C-terminus, and contains a cleavable hydrophobic peptide with a PI-anchor site. It associates with membranes through the phosphoinositide (PI) moieties added post-translationally.[36]
AChER[edit]
The third type has, so far, only been found in Torpedo sp. and mice although it is hypothesized in other species. It is thought to be involved in the stress response and, possibly, inflammation.[37]
Nomenclature[edit]
The nomenclatural variations of ACHE and of cholinesterases generally are discussed at Cholinesterase § Types and nomenclature.
Inhibitors[edit]
For acetylcholine esterase (AChE), reversible inhibitors are those that do not irreversibly bond to and decactivate AChE.[38] Drugs that reversibly inhibit acetylcholine esterase are being explored as treatments for Alzheimer's disease and myasthenia gravis, among others. Examples include tacrine and aricept.[39]
See also[edit]
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
Cholinesterases
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000087085 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ Jump up to: a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000023328 - Ensembl, May 2017
Jump up ^ "Human PubMed Reference:".
Jump up ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
Jump up ^ Katzung BG (2001). Basic and clinical pharmacology:Introduction to autonomic pharmacology (8 ed.). The McGraw Hill Companies. pp. 75–91. ISBN 978-0-07-160405-5.
Jump up ^ Quinn DM (1987). "Acetylcholinesterase: enzyme structure, reaction dynamics, and virtual transition states". Chemical Reviews. 87 (5): 955–79. doi:10.1021/cr00081a005.
Jump up ^ Taylor P, Radić Z (1994). "The cholinesterases: from genes to proteins". Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 34: 281–320. PMID 8042853. doi:10.1146/annurev.pa.34.040194.001433.
Jump up ^ Sussman JL, Harel M, Frolow F, Oefner C, Goldman A, Toker L, Silman I (August 1991). "Atomic structure of acetylcholinesterase from Torpedo californica: a prototypic acetylcholine-binding protein". Science. 253 (5022): 872–9. Bibcode:1991Sci...253..872S. PMID 1678899. doi:10.1126/science.1678899.
Jump up ^ Sussman JL, Harel M, Silman I (June 1993). "Three-dimensional structure of acetylcholinesterase and of its complexes with anticholinesterase drugs". Chem. Biol. Interact. 87 (1–3): 187–97. PMID 8343975. doi:10.1016/0009-2797(93)90042-W.
Jump up ^ Radić Z, Gibney G, Kawamoto S, MacPhee-Quigley K, Bongiorno C, Taylor P (October 1992). "Expression of recombinant acetylcholinesterase in a baculovirus system: kinetic properties of glutamate 199 mutants". Biochemistry. 31 (40): 9760–7. PMID 1356436. doi:10.1021/bi00155a032.
Jump up ^ Ordentlich A, Barak D, Kronman C, Ariel N, Segall Y, Velan B, Shafferman A (February 1995). "Contribution of aromatic moieties of tyrosine 133 and of the anionic subsite tryptophan 86 to catalytic efficiency and allosteric modulation of acetylcholinesterase". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (5): 2082–91. PMID 7836436. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.5.2082.
Jump up ^ Ariel N, Ordentlich A, Barak D, Bino T, Velan B, Shafferman A (October 1998). "The 'aromatic patch' of three proximal residues in the human acetylcholinesterase active centre allows for versatile interaction modes with inhibitors". Biochem. J. 335 (1): 95–102. PMC 1219756  . PMID 9742217.
Jump up ^ Ordentlich A, Barak D, Kronman C, Flashner Y, Leitner M, Segall Y, Ariel N, Cohen S, Velan B, Shafferman A (August 1993). "Dissection of the human acetylcholinesterase active center determinants of substrate specificity. Identification of residues constituting the anionic site, the hydrophobic site, and the acyl pocket". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (23): 17083–95. PMID 8349597.
Jump up ^ Tougu V (2001). "Acetylcholinesterase: Mechanism of Catalysis and Inhibition" (PDF). Current Medicinal Chemistry Central Nervous System Agents. 1 (2): 155–170. doi:10.2174/1568015013358536.
Jump up ^ Harel M, Schalk I, Ehret-Sabatier L, Bouet F, Goeldner M, Hirth C, Axelsen PH, Silman I, Sussman JL (1993). "Quaternary ligand binding to aromatic residues in the active-site gorge of acetylcholinesterase". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 90 (19): 9031–5. Bibcode:1993PNAS...90.9031H. PMC 47495  . PMID 8415649. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.19.9031.
Jump up ^ Tripathi A (October 2008). "Acetylcholinsterase: A Versatile Enzyme of Nervous System". Annals of Neurosciences. 15 (4): 106–111. doi:10.5214/ans.0972.7531.2008.150403.
Jump up ^ Pauling L (1946). "Molecular Architecture and Biological Reactions" (PDF). Chemical & Engineering News. 24 (10): 1375–1377. doi:10.1021/cen-v024n010.p1375.
Jump up ^ Fersht A (1985). Enzyme structure and mechanism. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. p. 14. ISBN 0-7167-1614-3.
Jump up ^ Whittaker VP (1990). "The Contribution of Drugs and Toxins to Understanding of Cholinergic Function". Trends in Physiological Sciences. 11 (1): 8–13. PMID 2408211. doi:10.1016/0165-6147(90)90034-6.
Jump up ^ Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, LaMantia AS, McNamara JO, White LE (2008). Neuroscience (4th ed.). Sinauer Associates. pp. 121–2. ISBN 978-0-87893-697-7.
Jump up ^ [citation needed]
Jump up ^ "National Pesticide Information Center-Diazinon Technical Fact Sheet" (PDF). Retrieved 24 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "Clinical Application: Acetylcholine and Alzheimer's Disease". Retrieved 24 February 2012.
Jump up ^ Stoelting R (1999). Anticholinesterase Drugs and Cholinergic Agonists", in Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice. Lippincott-Raven. ISBN 978-0-7817-5469-9.
Jump up ^ Taylor P, Hardman, J.G, Limbird, L.E, Molinoff, P.B., Ruddon, R.W, Gilman, A.G. (1996). "5: Autonomic Pharmacology: Cholinergic Drugs". The Pharmacologial Basis of Therapeutics. THe McGraw-Hill Companies. pp. 161–174. ISBN 978-0-07-146804-6.
Jump up ^ Blumenthal D, Brunton L, Goodman LS, Parker K, Gilman A, Lazo JS, Buxton I (1996). "5: Autonomic Pharmacology: Cholinergic Drugs". Goodman & Gilman's The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 1634. ISBN 978-0-07-146804-6.
Jump up ^ Drachman D, Isselbacher, K.J., Braunwald, E., Wilson, J.D., Martin, J.B., Fauci, A.S., Kasper, D.L. (1998). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (14 ed.). The McCraw-Hill Companies. pp. 2469–2472. ISBN 978-0-07-020291-7.
Jump up ^ Raffe RB. Autonomic and Somatic Nervous Systems in Netter's Illustrated Pharmacology. Elsevier Health Science. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-929007-60-8.
Jump up ^ Shaked I, Meerson A, Wolf Y, Avni R, Greenberg D, Gilboa-Geffen A, Soreq H (2009). "MicroRNA-132 potentiates cholinergic anti-inflammatory signaling by targeting acetylcholinesterase". Immunity. 31 (6): 965–73. PMID 20005135. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2009.09.019.
Jump up ^ Eubanks LM, Rogers CJ, Beuscher AE, Koob GF, Olson AJ, Dickerson TJ, Janda KD (2006). "A molecular link between the active component of marijuana and Alzheimer's disease pathology". Mol Pharm. 3 (6): 773–7. PMC 2562334  . PMID 17140265. doi:10.1021/mp060066m.
Jump up ^ Massoulié J, Pezzementi L, Bon S, Krejci E, Vallette FM (July 1993). "Molecular and cellular biology of cholinesterases". Progress in Neurobiology. 41 (1): 31–91. PMID 8321908. doi:10.1016/0301-0082(93)90040-Y.
Jump up ^ Chacko LW, Cerf JA (1960). "Histochemical localization of cholinesterase in the amphibian spinal cord and alterations following ventral root section". Journal of Anatomy. 94 (Pt 1): 74–81. PMC 1244416  . PMID 13808985.
Jump up ^ Koelle GB (1954). "The histochemical localization of cholinesterases in the central nervous system of the rat". Journal of Comparative Anatomy. 100 (1): 211–35. PMID 13130712. doi:10.1002/cne.901000108.
Jump up ^ Bartels CF, Zelinski T, Lockridge O (May 1993). "Mutation at codon 322 in the human acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) gene accounts for YT blood group polymorphism". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 52 (5): 928–36. PMC 1682033  . PMID 8488842.
Jump up ^ Massoulié J, Perrier N, Noureddine H, Liang D, Bon S (2008). "Old and new questions about cholinesterases". Chem Biol Interact. 175 (1–3): 30–44. PMID 18541228. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2008.04.039.
Jump up ^ "Entrez Gene: ACHE acetylcholinesterase (Yt blood group)".
Jump up ^ Dori A, Ifergane G, Saar-Levy T, Bersudsky M, Mor I, Soreq H, Wirguin I (2007). "Readthrough acetylcholinesterase in inflammation-associated neuropathies". Life Sci. 80 (24–25): 2369–74. PMID 17379257. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2007.02.011.
Jump up ^ Millary, CB; Kryger, G (199). "Crystal structures of aged phosphorylated acetylcholinesterase: nerve agent reaction products at the atomic level". Biochemistry. Weizmann Institute of Science. 38 (22): 7032–7039. PMID 10353814. doi:10.1021/bi982678l.
Jump up ^ Julien, Robert. A Primer of Drug Action (Eleventh ed.). Worth Publishers. p. 50. ISBN 978-1-4292-0679-2.
Further reading[edit]
Silman I, Futerman AH (1988). "Modes of attachment of acetylcholinesterase to the surface membrane". Eur. J. Biochem. 170 (1–2): 11–22. PMID 3319614. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb13662.x.
Sussman JL, Harel M, Frolow F, Oefner C, Goldman A, Toker L, Silman I (1991). "Atomic structure of acetylcholinesterase from Torpedo californica: a prototypic acetylcholine-binding protein". Science. 253 (5022): 872–9. Bibcode:1991Sci...253..872S. PMID 1678899. doi:10.1126/science.1678899.
Soreq H, Seidman S (2001). "Acetylcholinesterase--new roles for an old actor". Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2 (4): 294–302. PMID 11283752. doi:10.1038/35067589.
Shen T, Tai K, Henchman RH, McCammon JA (2003). "Molecular dynamics of acetylcholinesterase". Acc. Chem. Res. 35 (6): 332–40. PMID 12069617. doi:10.1021/ar010025i.
Pakaski M, Kasa P (2003). "Role of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the metabolism of amyloid precursor protein". Current drug targets. CNS and neurological disorders. 2 (3): 163–71. PMID 12769797. doi:10.2174/1568007033482869.
Meshorer E, Soreq H (2006). "Virtues and woes of AChE alternative splicing in stress-related neuropathologies". Trends Neurosci. 29 (4): 216–24. PMID 16516310. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2006.02.005.
Ehrlich G, Viegas-Pequignot E, Ginzberg D, Sindel L, Soreq H, Zakut H (1992). "Mapping the human acetylcholinesterase gene to chromosome 7q22 by fluorescent in situ hybridization coupled with selective PCR amplification from a somatic hybrid cell panel and chromosome-sorted DNA libraries". Genomics. 13 (4): 1192–7. PMID 1380483. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90037-S.
Spring FA, Gardner B, Anstee DJ (1992). "Evidence that the antigens of the Yt blood group system are located on human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase". Blood. 80 (8): 2136–41. PMID 1391965.
Shafferman A, Kronman C, Flashner Y, Leitner M, Grosfeld H, Ordentlich A, Gozes Y, Cohen S, Ariel N, Barak D (1992). "Mutagenesis of human acetylcholinesterase. Identification of residues involved in catalytic activity and in polypeptide folding". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (25): 17640–8. PMID 1517212.
Getman DK, Eubanks JH, Camp S, Evans GA, Taylor P (1992). "The human gene encoding acetylcholinesterase is located on the long arm of chromosome 7". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 51 (1): 170–7. PMC 1682883  . PMID 1609795.
Li Y, Camp S, Rachinsky TL, Getman D, Taylor P (1992). "Gene structure of mammalian acetylcholinesterase. Alternative exons dictate tissue-specific expression". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (34): 23083–90. PMID 1744105.
Velan B, Grosfeld H, Kronman C, Leitner M, Gozes Y, Lazar A, Flashner Y, Marcus D, Cohen S, Shafferman A (1992). "The effect of elimination of intersubunit disulfide bonds on the activity, assembly, and secretion of recombinant human acetylcholinesterase. Expression of acetylcholinesterase Cys-580----Ala mutant". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (35): 23977–84. PMID 1748670.
Soreq H, Ben-Aziz R, Prody CA, Seidman S, Gnatt A, Neville L, Lieman-Hurwitz J, Lev-Lehman E, Ginzberg D, Lipidot-Lifson Y (1991). "Molecular cloning and construction of the coding region for human acetylcholinesterase reveals a G + C-rich attenuating structure". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 87 (24): 9688–92. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.9688S. PMC 55238  . PMID 2263619. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.24.9688.
Chhajlani V, Derr D, Earles B, Schmell E, August T (1989). "Purification and partial amino acid sequence analysis of human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase". FEBS Lett. 247 (2): 279–82. PMID 2714437. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(89)81352-3.
Lapidot-Lifson Y, Prody CA, Ginzberg D, Meytes D, Zakut H, Soreq H (1989). "Coamplification of human acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase genes in blood cells: correlation with various leukemias and abnormal megakaryocytopoiesis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 86 (12): 4715–9. Bibcode:1989PNAS...86.4715L. PMC 287342  . PMID 2734315. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.12.4715.
Bazelyansky M, Robey E, Kirsch JF (1986). "Fractional diffusion-limited component of reactions catalyzed by acetylcholinesterase". Biochemistry. 25 (1): 125–30. PMID 3954986. doi:10.1021/bi00349a019.
Gaston SM, Marchase RB, Jakoi ER (1982). "Brain ligatin: a membrane lectin that binds acetylcholinesterase". J. Cell. Biochem. 18 (4): 447–59. PMID 7085778. doi:10.1002/jcb.1982.240180406.
Ordentlich A, Barak D, Kronman C, Ariel N, Segall Y, Velan B, Shafferman A (1995). "Contribution of aromatic moieties of tyrosine 133 and of the anionic subsite tryptophan 86 to catalytic efficiency and allosteric modulation of acetylcholinesterase". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (5): 2082–91. PMID 7836436. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.5.2082.
Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. PMID 8125298. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8.
Ben Aziz-Aloya R, Sternfeld M, Soreq H (1994). "Promoter elements and alternative splicing in the human ACHE gene". Prog. Brain Res. 98: 147–53. PMID 8248502. doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62392-4.
Massoulié J, Pezzementi L, Bon S, Krejci E, Vallette FM (1993). "Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cholinesterases". Prog. Brain Res. 41 (1): 31–91. PMID 8321908. doi:10.1016/0301-0082(93)90040-Y.
External links[edit]
ATSDR Case Studies in Environmental Medicine: Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Including Insecticides and Chemical Warfare Nerve Agents U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Proteopedia Acetylcholinesterase
Proteopedia AChE_inhibitors_and_substrates
Proteopedia AChE_inhibitors_and_substrates_(Part_II)
Proteopedia AChE bivalent inhibitors AChE_bivalent_inhibitors AChE bivalent inhibitors
Acetylcholinesterase: A gorge-ous enzyme – PDBe
Acetylcholinesterase – RCSB PDB
Human ACHE genome location and ACHE gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
[show]
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PDB gallery
1b41: HUMAN ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE COMPLEXED WITH FASCICULIN-II, GLYCOSYLATED PROTEIN
1f8u: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF MUTANT E202Q OF HUMAN ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE COMPLEXED WITH GREEN MAMBA VENOM PEPTIDE FASCICULIN-II
1vzj: STRUCTURE OF THE TETRAMERIZATION DOMAIN OF ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE: FOUR-FOLD INTERACTION OF A WWW MOTIF WITH A LEFT-HANDED POLYPROLINE HELIX
[show]
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Enzymes involved in neurotransmission
monoamine
histidine → histamine
anabolism:
Histidine decarboxylase
catabolism:
Histamine N-methyltransferase
Diamine oxidase
tyrosine→dopamine→epinephrine
anabolism:
Tyrosine hydroxylase
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase
Dopamine beta-hydroxylase
Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
catabolism:
Catechol-O-methyl transferase
Monoamine oxidase
A
B
glutamate→GABA
anabolism:
Glutamate decarboxylase
catabolism:
4-aminobutyrate transaminase
tryptophan→serotonin→melatonin
Tryptophan hydroxylase
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase
Aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase
arginine→NO
Nitric oxide synthase (NOS1, NOS2, NOS3)
choline→Acetylcholine
anabolism:
Choline acetyltransferase
catabolism:
Cholinesterase (Acetylcholinesterase, Butyrylcholinesterase)
[show]
v
t
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Hydrolase: esterases (EC 3.1)
3.1.1: Carboxylic
ester hydrolases
Cholinesterase
Acetylcholinesterase
Butyrylcholinesterase
Pectinesterase
6-phosphogluconolactonase
PAF acetylhydrolase
Lipase
Bile salt-dependent
Gastric/Lingual
Pancreatic
Lysosomal
Hormone-sensitive
Endothelial
Hepatic
Lipoprotein
Monoacylglycerol
Diacylglycerol
Phospholipase
A1
A2
B
3.1.2: Thioesterase
Palmitoyl protein thioesterase
Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1
4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA thioesterase
3.1.3: Phosphatase
Alkaline phosphatase
ALPI
ALPL
ALPP
Acid phosphatase (Prostatic)/Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase/Purple acid phosphatases
Nucleotidase
Glucose 6-phosphatase
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase
Calcineurin
Protein phosphatase
PP2A
OCRL
Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase
Fructose 6-P,2-kinase:fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase
PTEN
Phytase
Inositol-phosphate phosphatase
IMPA1, IMPA2, IMPA3
Protein phosphatase: Protein tyrosine phosphatase
Protein serine/threonine phosphatase
Dual-specificity phosphatase
3.1.4:
Phosphodiesterase
Autotaxin
Phospholipase
C
D
Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase
1
PDE1
PDE2
PDE3
PDE4A/PDE4B
PDE5
Lecithinase (Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin)
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase
3.1.6: Sulfatase
arylsulfatase
Arylsulfatase A
Arylsulfatase B
Arylsulfatase E
Steroid sulfatase
Galactosamine-6 sulfatase
Iduronate-2-sulfatase
N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase
Nuclease (includes
deoxyribonuclease
and ribonuclease)
3.1.11-16:
Exonuclease
Exodeoxyribonuclease
RecBCD
Exoribonuclease
Oligonucleotidase
3.1.21-31:
Endonuclease
Endodeoxyribonuclease
Deoxyribonuclease I
Deoxyribonuclease II
Deoxyribonuclease IV
Restriction enzyme
UvrABC endonuclease
Endoribonuclease
RNase III
RNase H
1
2A
2B
2C
RNase P
RNase A
1
2
3
4/5
RNase T1
RNA-induced silencing complex
either deoxy- or ribo-
Aspergillus nuclease S1
Micrococcal nuclease
[show]
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Enzymes
Activity
Active site
Binding site
Catalytic triad
Oxyanion hole
Enzyme promiscuity
Catalytically perfect enzyme
Coenzyme
Cofactor
Enzyme catalysis
Regulation
Allosteric regulation
Cooperativity
Enzyme inhibitor
Classification
EC number
Enzyme superfamily
Enzyme family
List of enzymes
Kinetics
Enzyme kinetics
Eadie–Hofstee diagram
Hanes–Woolf plot
Lineweaver–Burk plot
Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types
EC1 Oxidoreductases (list)
EC2 Transferases (list)
EC3 Hydrolases (list)
EC4 Lyases (list)
EC5 Isomerases (list)
EC6 Ligases (list)
[show]
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Acetylcholine metabolism and transport modulators
Enzyme
(modulators)
ChAT
Inhibitors: 1-(-Benzoylethyl)pyridinium
2-(α-Naphthoyl)ethyltrimethylammonium
3-Chloro-4-stillbazole
4-(1-Naphthylvinyl)pyridine
Acetylseco hemicholinium-3
Acryloylcholine
AF64A
B115
BETA
CM-54,903
N,N-Dimethylaminoethylacrylate
N,N-Dimethylaminoethylchloroacetate
AChE
Inhibitors: Reversible: Carbamates: Aldicarb
Aminocarb
Bendiocarb
Bufencarb
Carbaryl
Carbendazim
Carbetamide
Carbofuran
Carbosulfan
Chlorbufam
Chloropropham
Dimetilan
Ethienocarb
Ethiofencarb
Fenobucarb
Formetanate
Formparanate
Methiocarb
Methomyl
Metolcarb
Miotine
Oxamyl
Phenmedipham
Pinmicarb
Pirimicarb
Propamocarb
Propham
Propoxur
Thiofanox; Stigmines: Distigmine
Eptastigmine
Ganstigmine
Neostigmine
Phenserine
Physostigmine
Pyridostigmine
Quilostigmine
Rivastigmine
Terestigmine; Others: Acotiamide
Ambenonium
Caffeine
Donepezil
Edrophonium
Galantamine
Huperzine A
Ipidacrine
Itopride
Ladostigil
Minaprine
Tacrine
Zanapezil
Irreversible: Organophosphates: Acephate
Anatoxin-a(S)
Azinphos-ethyl
Azinphos-methyl
BAY-29952
Bensulide
Cadusafos
Carbophenothion
Chlorethoxyfos
Chlorfenvinphos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos-methyl
Coumaphos
Cyanophos
Cyclosarin
Demephion
Demeton
Demeton-S-methyl
Dialifor
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dicrotophos
Diisopropyl fluorophosphate
Diisopropylphosphate
Dimefox
Dimethoate
Dimethyl 4-(methylthio)phenyl phosphate
Dioxathion
Disulfoton
EA-3148
Echothiophate
Endothion
Ethion
Ethoprop
Fenamiphos
Fenitrothion
Fenthion
Fonofos
Formothion
Fosthiazate
GV
Hexaethyl tetraphosphate
Isofluorophate
Isoxathion
Leptophos
Malaoxon
Malathion
Methamidophos
Methidathion
Methyl phenkapton
Metrifonate
Mevinphos
Monocrotophos
Naled
Novichok agent
Omethoate
Oxydemeton-methyl
Paraoxon
Parathion
Parathion-methyl
Phorate
Phosalone
Phosfolan
Phosmet
Phosphamidon
Phoxim
Pirimiphos-methyl
Profenofos
Prothoate
Sarin
Soman
Tabun
Tebupirimfos
Temefos
Terbufos
Tetrachlorvinphos
Triazofos
Tribufos
Trichlorfon
Trichloronate
VE
VG
VM
VR
VX; Others: Demecarium
Fasciculins (green mamba toxins) (1, 2, 3, 4)
Onchidal (Onchidella binneyi)
Unsorted: α-Pinene
α-Viniferin
Affinine
Affinisine
Arisugacin A
Bulbocapnine
Conodurine
Coronaridine
Corydaline
Corynoline
Crimidine
Cyclanoline
Cymserine
Harmaline
Kobophenol A
Lactucopicrin
Phosacetim
Rosmarinic acid
Stercuronium iodide
Taspine
Tetrahydrocannabinol
Ungeremine
Ungiminorine
Reactivators: Asoxime chloride
Methoxime
Obidoxime
Pralidoxime
Trimedoxime bromide
BChE
Inhibitors: Affinine
Affinisine
Conodurine
Cymserine
Ladostigil
Profenamine (ethopropazine)
Rivastigmine
Tacrine
ZINC-12613047
Many of the other AChE inhibitors listed above
Transporter
(modulators)
CHT
Inhibitors: Hemicholinium-3 (hemicholine)
Triethylcholine
Enhancers: Coluracetam
VAChT
Inhibitors: Vesamicol
Release
(modulators)
Inhibitors
SNAP-25 inactivators: Botulinum toxin (A, C, E)
VAMP inactivators: Botulinum toxin (B, D, F, G)
Others: Bungarotoxins (β-bungarotoxin, γ-bungarotoxin)
Enhancers
LPHN agonists: α-Latrotoxin
Others: Atracotoxin (e.g., robustoxin, versutoxin)
Crotoxin
See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators
Authority control
LCCN: sh92004641
GND: 4129688-6
Molecular and Cellular Biology portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acetylcholinesterase&oldid=803752674"
Categories:
Genes on human chromosome 7
Acetylcholine
EC 3.1.1
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