text:
Preggers
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"Preggers"
Glee episode
Episode no.
Season 1
Episode 4
Directed by
Brad Falchuk
Written by
Brad Falchuk
Featured music
"Taking Chances"
"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)"
"Tonight"
Production code
1ARC03
Original air date
September 23, 2009 (2009-09-23)
Guest appearance(s)
Stephen Tobolowsky as Sandy Ryerson
Patrick Gallagher as Ken Tanaka
Mike O'Malley as Burt Hummel
Iqbal Theba as Principal Figgins
Jennifer Aspen as Kendra Giardi
Kurt Fuller as Mr. McClung
Naya Rivera as Santana Lopez
Heather Morris as Brittany Pierce
Harry Shum, Jr. as Mike Chang
Dijon Talton as Matt Rutherford
Bill A. Jones as Rod Remington
Earlene Davis as Andrea Carmichael
Episode chronology
← Previous
"Acafellas" Next →
"The Rhodes Not Taken"
List of Glee episodes
"Preggers" is the fourth episode of the American television series Glee. The episode premiered on the Fox network on September 23, 2009, and was written and directed by executive producer Brad Falchuk. "Preggers" sees glee club member Kurt (Chris Colfer) join the football team and admit his homosexuality to his father, Burt (Mike O'Malley). Cheerleader Quinn (Dianna Agron) discovers she is pregnant and tells her boyfriend Finn (Cory Monteith) the baby is his, when in fact the father is his best friend Puck (Mark Salling). Faculty members Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch) and Sandy Ryerson (Stephen Tobolowsky) team up in an effort to bring down the glee club, luring away a disillusioned Rachel (Lea Michele), who quits when club director Will (Matthew Morrison) refuses to award her a solo song. This episode features the first appearance of O'Malley as Burt Hummel.
"Preggers" features covers of two songs, and several dance performances of Beyoncé Knowles' "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)". A studio recording of Michele's cover of "Taking Chances" was released as a single, available for digital download and features on the album Glee: The Music, Volume 1. The scene in which Kurt comes out to his father was based on the personal experience of series creator Ryan Murphy. Murphy's intention was to move away from previous shows he has worked on in which gay characters have not been given happy endings, by allowing Kurt to succeed and be accepted.
The episode was watched by 6.64 million United States viewers and received mixed reviews from critics. Shawna Malcom of the Los Angeles Times praised the show's fast pacing; however, The New York Times's Mike Hale felt that key characters were not given enough screen time. The football team's performance of "Single Ladies" and Kurt's coming out to his father were generally well received; however, Rachel's actions garnered little sympathy, and several reviewers commented negatively on Quinn's pregnancy, with Eric Goldman of IGN deeming it "a very soap opera plotline".
Contents
1 Plot
2 Production
3 Reception
4 References
5 External links
Plot[edit]
Glee club member Kurt Hummel (Chris Colfer) is caught dancing to Beyoncé Knowles's "Single Ladies" by his father Burt (Mike O'Malley), and claims that it is a football exercise, and that he is now part of the team. Fellow glee club member and football quarterback Finn Hudson (Cory Monteith) helps Kurt to practice, and finds him to be a skilled kicker. Finn convinces coach Ken Tanaka (Patrick Gallagher) to let Kurt try out for the team. Ken is delighted to find such an asset for the team and adds Kurt as the kicker.
Finn's girlfriend Quinn Fabray (Dianna Agron) tells him she is pregnant, claiming her pregnancy as a result of Finn's premature ejaculation when they made out in Quinn's hot tub. Finn worries that his future prospects will be diminished by fatherhood. He asks glee club director Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison) to coach the football team at dancing, believing it will help them to improve, increasing his chances of securing a football scholarship. Finn confides Quinn's news to his best friend Puck (Mark Salling), who later confronts Quinn, claiming to be the baby's father, since she said she was a virgin when they had sex. Quinn rejects Puck, calling him a "Lima loser" who could never support her and the baby like Finn. Will's wife Terri (Jessalyn Gilsig) reveals to her sister Kendra (Jennifer Aspen) that she experienced a hysterical pregnancy and is not really carrying Will's baby. Kendra suggests that they acquire a baby, and when Terri learns of Quinn's pregnancy from Will, she confronts her, asking questions about her prenatal care.
Cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch) approaches former glee club director Sandy Ryerson (Stephen Tobolowsky) and enlists him in her plan to sabotage the club. She blackmails Principal Figgins (Iqbal Theba) into appointing Sandy as the school's new Arts director, and together they hold auditions for a school production of Cabaret, hoping to entice away the glee club's star, Rachel Berry (Lea Michele). Rachel feels slighted when Will awards Tina Cohen-Chang (Jenna Ushkowitz) a solo that she wanted, so she auditions for the musical and is given the lead role. When Will refuses to reassign the solo to Rachel, she quits the club.
The football team puts their dance training into practice by performing the "Single Ladies" routine in the middle of a game, confusing and distracting the opposition, and with Kurt's help is able to win. Buoyed by his success, Kurt comes out to his father Burt and tells him that he's homosexual; Burt tells him he knew all along and loves Kurt just the same.
Production[edit]
Kurt Fuller (pictured) made a guest appearance in "Preggers" as local news station owner Mr. McClung.
"Preggers" was written and directed by Glee's executive producer and co-creator Brad Falchuk.[1] Kurt Fuller guest stars as local news station owner Mr. McClung.[2] The episode features covers of "Taking Chances" by Celine Dion and "Tonight" from West Side Story. Beyoncé Knowles' "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" is also featured in several dance performances.[3] Kurt's backup dancers for "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" are series regular Tina (Jenna Ushkowitz) and recurring character Brittany (Heather Morris). Dancer Morris was one of Beyonce's backup dancers for "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" appearing on The Today Show,[4] Ellen, and others. A studio recording of "Taking Chances" was released as a single, available for digital download, and appeared on the album Glee: The Music, Volume 1. The track charted at number 79 in Australia,[5] 73 in Canada and 71 in the United States.[6]
The scene in which Kurt comes out to his father was taken verbatim from series creator Ryan Murphy's own life. Murphy felt that the scene was "a great thing to put on television", as, while audiences have seen gay characters isolated and attacked, they have rarely seen them ultimately winning and triumphing.[7] He commented that: "The show is about making you feel good in the end. It's about happy endings and optimism and the power of your personal journey and making you feel that the weird thing about me is the great thing about me. I’ve done other shows with gay characters, and I will say that in many of those cases, the gay characters didn't have a happy ending. And I thought you know what? Enough."[8] Colfer has commented that his biggest challenge was in ensuring the scene felt "honest" and not comical or "used as a punchline". He explained: "I think it's probably the first time a character's sexuality has been respected and almost dignified in a way, and I think that's really important, and there needs to be more of that on TV."[9]
Reception[edit]
Colfer's performance in Kurt's coming out scene was well received by critics.
"Preggers" was watched by 6.64 million United States viewers and attained a 3.1/8 rating/share in the 18-49 demographic.[10] It was the twenty-second most watched show in Canada for the week of broadcast, with 1.39 million viewers.[11] In the UK, the episode was watched by 1.804 million viewers (1.397 million on E4, and 407,000 on timeshift), becoming the most-watched show on E4 and E4+1 for the week, and the most-watched show on cable for the week, as well as the most watched episode of the series at the time.[12] The episode received mixed reviews from critics. Shawna Malcom for the Los Angeles Times reviewed the episode positively, praising the football team's performance of the "Single Ladies" dance and Kurt coming out to his father.[13] Malcom also commented positively on the show's fast pacing; however, Mike Hale of the New York Post was less favorable, deeming the episode "overstuffed with story lines".[14] He felt that key characters did not receive enough screentime, and that: "There was so much exposition going on that there didn’t seem to be much room for laughs."[14]
Tim Stack for Entertainment Weekly wrote that, although the dancing in the episode was fun, "Preggers" was lacking in "big singing moments" apart from Rachel's performance of "Taking Chances".[15] He deemed Quinn's pregnancy "a good dramatic twist", but hoped that it would not be a long-lasting storyline.[15] Eric Goldman of IGN rated the episode 8.8 out of 10. He called the "Single Ladies" performance "a memorable TV moment", and wrote that Quinn's pregnancy was a "very soap opera plotline" however commented: "luckily Glee is the kind of show to handle it with humor."[2]
James Poniewozik for Time deemed Kurt's coming out "beautifully handled", commenting: "the fact that Dad (Mike O'Malley, who has turned out to be a pretty good character actor) ends up not being the boor we think he's going to be is one of the first signs that Glee is growing up as a series, that having established a world of primary-color stereotypes, it's now willing to subvert those expectations."[16] Raymund Flandez of The Wall Street Journal criticized Rachel's actions in the episode, and felt that: "Rachel has become insufferable. The disagreements with Mr. Schue about her own development as a bona fide triple-threat have branded her as an overbearing prima donna to the rest of Glee."[17]
The comedic pairing of Sue and Sandy attracted some praise, with Stack deeming them "the best villains ever".[15] Goldman said that: "Tobolowsky is terrific in this role, as Sandy manages to make everything he says [...] sound amazingly disturbing."[2] Hale criticized Lynch as Sue, however, writing that she gave a "one-note performance", suggesting that she had been miscast in the role.[14]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ VanDerWerff, Todd (October 15, 2009). "Throwdown". The A.V. Club. Onion, Inc. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c Goldman, Eric (September 24, 2009). "Glee: "Preggers" Review". IGN. Retrieved 2 October 2009.
Jump up ^ "Preggers". Fox Broadcasting Company. Archived from the original on November 21, 2010. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Young Entertainers Get a Taste of Hollywood". My Buffalo. December 31, 2009. Archived from the original on December 11, 2012. Retrieved January 8, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The ARIA Report: Week Commencing 19th October 2009" (pdf) (1025). Pandora Archive. Retrieved 21 November 2009.
Jump up ^ "Glee Cast - Taking Chances". acharts.us. Retrieved 27 October 2009.
Jump up ^ Fernandez, Maria Elena (September 9, 2009). "'Glee's' Chris Colfer fits right in". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Company. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
Jump up ^ Fernandez, Maria Elena (September 8, 2009). "Chris Colfer's journey from small town to 'Glee'". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Company. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
Jump up ^ Milzoff, Rebecca (November 16, 2009). "Glee's Chris Colfer on Owning 'Defying Gravity' and Resembling a Hummel Figurine". New York. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (September 24, 2009). "Wednesday broadcast finals: Modern Family down a tenth, Cougar Town up a tenth with adults 18–49". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on October 5, 2009. Retrieved July 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Top Programs – Total Canada (English): September 21–27, 2009" (PDF). BBM Canada. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 6, 2011. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ "BARB: Weekly Top 30 Programmes, w/e 31 Jan 2010". BARB. Retrieved February 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ Malcom, Shawna (September 24, 2009). "'Glee': Kurt and the football team give 'Single Ladies' new life". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Company. Retrieved 25 September 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c Hale, Mike (September 24, 2009). "'Glee' Watch: Put a Ring On It". New York Times. Retrieved 25 September 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c Stack, Tim (September 24, 2009). "'Glee' recap: Kurt comes out a winner!". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 28 October 2009.
Jump up ^ Poniewozik, James (September 24, 2009). "Glee Watch: A Big Gay Team of Dancing Gays". Time. Retrieved 2 October 2009.
Jump up ^ Flandez, Raymund (September 23, 2009). ""Glee" Season 1, Episode 3: TV Recap". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 25 September 2009.
External links[edit]
Glee portal
"Preggers" at Fox.com
"Preggers" on IMDb
"Preggers" at TV.com
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Glee episodes
Season 1
"Pilot"
"Showmance"
"Acafellas"
"Preggers"
"The Rhodes Not Taken"
"Vitamin D"
"Throwdown"
"Mash-Up"
"Wheels"
"Ballad"
"Hairography"
"Mattress"
"Sectionals"
"Hell-O"
"The Power of Madonna"
"Home"
"Bad Reputation"
"Laryngitis"
"Dream On"
"Theatricality"
"Funk"
"Journey to Regionals"
Season 2
"Audition"
"Britney/Brittany"
"Grilled Cheesus"
"Duets"
"The Rocky Horror Glee Show"
"Never Been Kissed"
"The Substitute"
"Furt"
"Special Education"
"A Very Glee Christmas"
"The Sue Sylvester Shuffle"
"Silly Love Songs"
"Comeback"
"Blame It on the Alcohol"
"Sexy"
"Original Song"
"A Night of Neglect"
"Born This Way"
"Rumours"
"Prom Queen"
"Funeral"
"New York"
Season 3
"The Purple Piano Project"
"I Am Unicorn"
"Asian F"
"Pot O' Gold"
"The First Time"
"Mash Off"
"I Kissed a Girl"
"Hold On to Sixteen"
"Extraordinary Merry Christmas"
"Yes/No"
"Michael"
"The Spanish Teacher"
"Heart"
"On My Way"
"Big Brother"
"Saturday Night Glee-ver"
"Dance with Somebody"
"Choke"
"Prom-asaurus"
"Props"
"Nationals"
"Goodbye"
Season 4
"The New Rachel"
"Britney 2.0"
"Makeover"
"The Break Up"
"The Role You Were Born to Play"
"Glease"
"Dynamic Duets"
"Thanksgiving"
"Swan Song"
"Glee, Actually"
"Sadie Hawkins"
"Naked"
"Diva"
"I Do"
"Girls (and Boys) On Film"
"Feud"
"Guilty Pleasures"
"Shooting Star"
"Sweet Dreams"
"Lights Out"
"Wonder-ful"
"All or Nothing"
Season 5
"Love, Love, Love"
"Tina in the Sky with Diamonds"
"The Quarterback"
"A Katy or a Gaga"
"The End of Twerk"
"Movin' Out"
"Puppet Master"
"Previously Unaired Christmas"
"Frenemies"
"Trio"
"City of Angels"
"100"
"New Directions"
"New New York"
"Bash"
"Tested"
"Opening Night"
"The Back-up Plan"
"Old Dog, New Tricks"
"The Untitled Rachel Berry Project"
Season 6
"Loser Like Me"
"Homecoming"
"Jagged Little Tapestry"
"The Hurt Locker, Part One"
"The Hurt Locker, Part Two"
"What the World Needs Now"
"Transitioning"
"A Wedding"
"Child Star"
"The Rise and Fall of Sue Sylvester"
"We Built This Glee Club"
"2009"
"Dreams Come True"
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List of NBA players with most championships
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Bill Russell won 11 championships with the Boston Celtics, an NBA record.
This is a list of NBA players with most championships won as a player. The National Basketball Association (NBA) is a major professional basketball league in North America. It was founded in 1946 as the Basketball Association of America (BAA).[1] The league adopted its current name at the start of the 1949–50 season when it merged with the National Basketball League (NBL).[2] The NBA Finals is the championship series for the NBA and the conclusion of the sport's postseason. The winning team of the series receives the Larry O'Brien Championship Trophy. Players from the winning team usually receive championship rings from the team honoring their contribution.[3] However, in some rare occasion, the teams opted to give other commemorative items, such as wrist watches, instead of rings.[4][5] The number of championships won by NBA superstars is often used as a measurement of their greatness.[6]
Boston Celtics center Bill Russell holds the record for the most NBA championships won with 11 titles during his 13-year playing career.[7] He won his first championship with the Boston Celtics in his rookie year. Afterwards, he went on to win ten championships in the next 12 years, including eight consecutive championships from 1959 to 1966.[8] He won the last two championships in 1968 and 1969 as player-coach.[7] Russell's teammate, Sam Jones, won ten championships from 1959 to 1969, the second most in NBA history.[9] Four Celtics players, Tom Heinsohn, K. C. Jones, Satch Sanders and John Havlicek, won eight championships each.[10][11][12][13] Two other Celtics, Jim Loscutoff and Frank Ramsey, won seven championships each.[14][15][16] Four players, Bob Cousy, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Michael Jordan and Scottie Pippen, won six championships each.[17][18] Jordan and Pippen are members of the Chicago Bulls team who won three consecutive championships twice in the 1990s.[19][20] George Mikan won two championships in the NBL before it merged with the BAA to form the NBA, and won five championships in the NBA.
Robert Horry and John Salley are the only players to have won championships with three different teams.[21] Horry won seven championships: two with the Houston Rockets, three with the Los Angeles Lakers and another two with San Antonio Spurs.[16] Salley's four NBA titles came via two championships with the Detroit Pistons and one each with the Bulls and the Lakers.[22] Horry is also the only non-Celtic to win more than 6 times. Frank Saul and Steve Kerr are the only players to win two championships with two different teams in consecutive seasons.[23] Saul won consecutive championships with the Rochester Royals and the Minneapolis Lakers in the 1950s,[24] and Kerr won consecutive championships with the Bulls and the Spurs in the 1990s.[25] Both Saul and Kerr were NBA champions four years in a row, each having participated in three-peats, Saul with the Lakers and Kerr with the Bulls.
Contents
1 List
2 See also
3 Notes
4 References
List[edit]
Pos G Guard F Forward C Center
* Denotes players who have been inducted to the Basketball Hall of Fame
^ Denotes players who are currently active in the NBA
Rank
Player
Pos
Seasons played
Total won
Championship teams
Ref.
1 Bill Russell* C 13 11 Boston Celtics (1957, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969) [26]
2 Sam Jones* G 12 10 Boston Celtics (1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969) [9]
3 Tom Heinsohn*[a] F/C 9 8 Boston Celtics (1957, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965) [10]
K. C. Jones*[b] G 9 8 Boston Celtics (1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966) [11]
Tom "Satch" Sanders*[c] F 13 8 Boston Celtics (1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969) [12]
John Havlicek* F/G 16 8 Boston Celtics (1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1974, 1976) [13]
7 Jim Loscutoff F 9 7 Boston Celtics (1957, 1959, 1960[d], 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964) [14]
Frank Ramsey* F/G 9 7 Boston Celtics (1957, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964) [15]
Robert Horry F 16 7 Houston Rockets (1994, 1995)
Los Angeles Lakers (2000, 2001, 2002)
San Antonio Spurs (2005, 2007) [16]
10 Bob Cousy* G 14 6 Boston Celtics (1957, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963) [17]
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar* (formerly Lew Alcindor)[e] C 20 6 Milwaukee Bucks (1971)
Los Angeles Lakers (1980, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1988) [18]
Michael Jordan* G 15 6 Chicago Bulls (1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998) [19]
Scottie Pippen* F 17 6 Chicago Bulls (1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998) [20]
14 George Mikan* C 7 5 Minneapolis Lakers (1949, 1950, 1952, 1953, 1954) [27]
Jim Pollard* F/C 7 5 Minneapolis Lakers (1949, 1950, 1952, 1953, 1954) [28]
Slater Martin* G 11 5 Minneapolis Lakers (1950, 1952, 1953, 1954)
St. Louis Hawks (1958) [29]
Larry Siegfried F 9 5 Boston Celtics (1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969) [30]
Don Nelson*[f] G 14 5 Boston Celtics (1966, 1968, 1969, 1974, 1976) [31]
Michael Cooper G/F 12 5 Los Angeles Lakers (1980, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1988) [32]
Earvin "Magic" Johnson* G 13 5 Los Angeles Lakers (1980, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1988) [33]
Dennis Rodman* F 14 5 Detroit Pistons (1989, 1990)
Chicago Bulls (1996, 1997, 1998) [34]
Ron Harper G 15 5 Chicago Bulls (1996, 1997, 1998)
Los Angeles Lakers (2000, 2001) [35]
Steve Kerr[g] G 15 5 Chicago Bulls (1996, 1997, 1998)
San Antonio Spurs (1999, 2003) [25]
Kobe Bryant G 20 5 Los Angeles Lakers (2000, 2001, 2002, 2009, 2010) [36]
Derek Fisher G 18 5 Los Angeles Lakers (2000, 2001, 2002, 2009, 2010) [37]
Tim Duncan F/C 19 5 San Antonio Spurs (1999, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2014) [38]
27 Vern Mikkelsen* F/C 10 4 Minneapolis Lakers (1950, 1952, 1953, 1954) [39]
Frank Saul G/F 6 4 Rochester Royals (1951)
Minneapolis Lakers (1952, 1953, 1954) [24]
Bill Sharman*[h] G 11 4 Boston Celtics (1957, 1959, 1960, 1961) [40]
Jamaal Wilkes* G/F 12 4 Golden State Warriors (1975)
Los Angeles Lakers (1980, 1982, 1985[i]) [41]
Kurt Rambis F 14 4 Los Angeles Lakers (1982, 1985, 1987, 1988) [42]
Robert Parish* C 21 4 Boston Celtics (1981, 1984, 1986)
Chicago Bulls (1997) [43]
Will Perdue C 13 4 Chicago Bulls (1991, 1992, 1993)
San Antonio Spurs (1999) [44]
John Salley F/C 11 4 Detroit Pistons (1989, 1990)
Chicago Bulls (1996)
Los Angeles Lakers (2000) [22]
Horace Grant F/C 17 4 Chicago Bulls (1991, 1992, 1993)
Los Angeles Lakers (2001) [45]
Shaquille O'Neal* C 19 4 Los Angeles Lakers (2000, 2001, 2002)
Miami Heat (2006) [46]
Manu Ginóbili^ G 16 4 San Antonio Spurs (2003, 2005, 2007, 2014) [47]
Tony Parker^ G 17 4 San Antonio Spurs (2003, 2005, 2007, 2014) [48]
See also[edit]
National Basketball Association portal
List of NBA champions
List of NBA championship head coaches
Notes[edit]
a Heinsohn won two additional championships in 1974 and 1976 as head coach of the Boston Celtics.
b Jones won four additional championships in 1972 as assistant coach of the Los Angeles Lakers, in 1981 as assistant coach of the Boston Celtics, and in 1984 and 1986 as head coach of the Celtics.
c Sanders was inducted into the Hall of Fame as a contributor.[49]
d Loscutoff did not play in the 1960 Playoffs and Finals due to injury.[50]
e Alcindor changed his name to Kareem Abdul-Jabbar in 1971. He also won two championships as an assistant coach with the Lakers in 2009 and 2010. [51]
f Nelson was inducted into the Hall of Fame as a coach.
g Kerr won additional championships in 2015, 2017 and 2018 as head coach of the Golden State Warriors.
h Sharman won an additional championship in 1972 as head coach of the Los Angeles Lakers.
i Wilkes did not play in the 1985 playoffs due to injury, but remained on the roster until after the Finals.[52]
References[edit]
General
"Most NBA Championships Won". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Specific
Jump up ^ Goldaper, Sam. "The First Game". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "1949–50 Season Overview: Powerful Lakers Repeat". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ McMenamin, Dave (June 10, 2011). "Phil Jackson, lord of the rings". ESPN.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ May, Peter (June 10, 2011). "Havlicek doesn't have eight rings". ESPN.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ Aron, Jaime (June 14, 2011). "Mavs against Cuban's idea not to give title rings". USA Today. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ Araton, Harvey (January 20, 2013). "Debate Over Brady's Place Among the Best Returns to the Shelf". New York Times. Archived from the original on January 22, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Bill Russell Bio". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. Archived from the original on May 10, 2011. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Bill Russell NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Sam Jones NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Tom Heinsohn NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "K.C. Jones NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Tom Sanders NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "John Havlicek NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Jim Loscutoff NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Frank Ramsey NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Robert Horry NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Bob Cousy NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Kareem Abdul-Jabbar NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Michael Jordan NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Scottie Pippen NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Horry adds to ring collection". NBC Sports. NBC Universal. June 24, 2005. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "John Salley NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ Hudson, Jr., David L. (February 2007). Basketball Championships' Most Wanted. Potomac Books, Inc. p. 41. ISBN 1-59797-014-X.
^ Jump up to: a b "Pep Saul NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Steve Kerr NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Bil Russell NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "George Mikan NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Jim Pollard NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Slater Martin NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Larry Siegfried NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Don Nelson NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Michael Cooper NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Magic Johnson NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Dennis Rodman NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ron Harper NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Kobe Bryant NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Derek Fisher NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Tim Duncan NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Vern Mikkelsen NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Bill Sharman NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Jamaal Wilkes NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Kurt Rambis NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Robert Parish NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Will Perdue NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Horace Grant NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Shaquille O'Neal NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Manu Ginobili NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com LL. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Tony Parker NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Hall of Famers: Tom "Satch" Sanders". Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on February 14, 2012. Retrieved December 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Injury Hit Celtic Hopes". The Gettysburg Times. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. January 12, 1960.
Jump up ^ "Jabbar (Alcindor) Is The Name". The Spartanburg Herald. Spartanburg, South Carolina. September 17, 1971.
Jump up ^ Bonk, Thomas (August 29, 1985), "Wilkes Waived, Ending an 8-Year Laker Career", Los Angeles Times
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text:
List of Jane the Virgin episodes
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Jane the Virgin is an American comedy-drama television series that premiered on The CW on October 13, 2014. The series follows Jane Villanueva, a hard-working, religious young Latina woman whose vow to save her virginity until marriage is shattered when a doctor mistakenly artificially inseminates her during a checkup. To make matters worse, the biological donor is a married man, a former playboy and cancer survivor who is not only the new owner of the hotel where Jane works, but was also her former teenage crush.
The show was ordered to series on May 8, 2014,[1] followed by a full season order on October 21, 2014.[2] On January 11, 2015, the show was renewed for a second season.[3] On March 11, 2016, the show was renewed for a third season.[4] On January 8, 2017, the show was renewed for a fourth season,[5] which debuted on October 13, 2017.[6] On April 2, 2018, the show was renewed for a fifth season.[7] The fifth season will be the show's last and will bring the series to 100 total episodes.[8]
As of April 20, 2018,[update] 81 episodes of Jane the Virgin have aired, concluding the fourth season.
Contents
1 Series overview
2 Episodes
2.1 Season 1 (2014–15)
2.2 Season 2 (2015–16)
2.3 Season 3 (2016–17)
2.4 Season 4 (2017–18)
3 Ratings
4 References
5 External links
Series overview[edit]
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
First aired
Last aired
1 22 October 13, 2014 (2014-10-13) May 11, 2015 (2015-05-11)
2 22 October 12, 2015 (2015-10-12) May 16, 2016 (2016-05-16)
3 20 October 17, 2016 (2016-10-17) May 22, 2017 (2017-05-22)
4 17 October 13, 2017 (2017-10-13) April 20, 2018 (2018-04-20)
Episodes[edit]
Season 1 (2014–15)[edit]
Main article: Jane the Virgin (season 1)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
1
1 "Chapter One" Brad Silberling Teleplay by : Jennie Snyder Urman October 13, 2014 (2014-10-13) 1.61[10]
2
2 "Chapter Two" Uta Briesewitz Jennie Snyder Urman October 20, 2014 (2014-10-20) 1.36[11]
3
3 "Chapter Three" Brad Silberling Meredith Averill October 27, 2014 (2014-10-27) 1.09[12]
4
4 "Chapter Four" Debbie Allen Corinne Brinkerhoff November 3, 2014 (2014-11-03) 1.01[13]
5
5 "Chapter Five" Edward Ornelas Josh Reims November 10, 2014 (2014-11-10) 1.22[14]
6
6 "Chapter Six" Jann Turner Paul Sciarrotta November 17, 2014 (2014-11-17) 1.09[15]
7
7 "Chapter Seven" Janice Cooke David S. Rosenthal November 24, 2014 (2014-11-24) 0.96[16]
8
8 "Chapter Eight" Norman Buckley Josh Reims & Carolina Rivera December 8, 2014 (2014-12-08) 1.22[17]
9
9 "Chapter Nine" Zetna Fuentes Corinne Brinkerhoff December 15, 2014 (2014-12-15) 1.28[18]
10
10 "Chapter Ten" Elodie Keene Meredith Averill & Christopher Oscar Peña January 19, 2015 (2015-01-19) 1.39[19]
11
11 "Chapter Eleven" Joanna Kerns Gracie Glassmeyer January 26, 2015 (2015-01-26) 1.55[20]
12
12 "Chapter Twelve" Gina Lamar David S. Rosenthal February 2, 2015 (2015-02-02) 1.24[21]
13
13 "Chapter Thirteen" Howard Deutch Josh Reims February 9, 2015 (2015-02-09) 1.34[22]
14
14 "Chapter Fourteen" Brad Silberling Paul Sciarrotta February 16, 2015 (2015-02-16) 1.31[23]
15
15 "Chapter Fifteen" Melanie Mayron Emmylou Diaz & David S. Rosenthal March 9, 2015 (2015-03-09) 1.26[24]
16
16 "Chapter Sixteen" Joanna Kerns Josh Reims & Carolina Rivera March 16, 2015 (2015-03-16) 1.10[25]
17
17 "Chapter Seventeen" Uta Briesewitz Amy Rardin & Jessica O'Toole April 6, 2015 (2015-04-06) 0.93[26]
18
18 "Chapter Eighteen" Edward Ornelas Meredith Averill April 13, 2015 (2015-04-13) 1.03[27]
19
19 "Chapter Nineteen" Robert Luketic Emmylou Diaz & David S. Rosenthal April 20, 2015 (2015-04-20) 1.05[28]
20
20 "Chapter Twenty" Debbie Allen Corinne Brinkerhoff & Paul Sciarrotta April 27, 2015 (2015-04-27) 1.06[29]
21
21 "Chapter Twenty-One" Stuart Gillard Jessica O'Toole & Amy Rardin May 4, 2015 (2015-05-04) 1.05[30]
22
22 "Chapter Twenty-Two" Zetna Fuentes Josh Reims & Jennie Snyder Urman May 11, 2015 (2015-05-11) 1.24[31]
Season 2 (2015–16)[edit]
Main article: Jane the Virgin (season 2)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
23
1 "Chapter Twenty-Three" Brad Silberling Jennie Snyder Urman October 12, 2015 (2015-10-12) 1.06[32]
24
2 "Chapter Twenty-Four" Edward Ornelas David S. Rosenthal October 19, 2015 (2015-10-19) 0.84[33]
25
3 "Chapter Twenty-Five" Robert Luketic Corinne Brinkerhoff October 26, 2015 (2015-10-26) 0.94[34]
26
4 "Chapter Twenty-Six" Zetna Fuentes Paul Sciarrotta November 2, 2015 (2015-11-02) 1.09[35]
27
5 "Chapter Twenty-Seven" Jann Turner Jessica O'Toole & Amy Rardin November 9, 2015 (2015-11-09) 1.11[36]
28
6 "Chapter Twenty-Eight" Melanie Mayron Corinne Brinkerhoff & Micah Schraft November 16, 2015 (2015-11-16) 1.10[37]
29
7 "Chapter Twenty-Nine" Edward Ornelas David S. Rosenthal & Dara Resnick Creasey November 23, 2015 (2015-11-23) 0.98[38]
30
8 "Chapter Thirty" Uta Briesewitz Paul Sciarrotta & Carolina Rivera December 14, 2015 (2015-12-14) 0.98[39]
31
9 "Chapter Thirty-One" Joanna Kerns Emmylou Diaz & Jessica O'Toole & Amy Rardin January 25, 2016 (2016-01-25) 0.99[40]
32
10 "Chapter Thirty-Two" Jason Reilly Micah Schraft February 1, 2016 (2016-02-01) 1.04[41]
33
11 "Chapter Thirty-Three" Uta Briesewitz Michael J. Cinquemani February 8, 2016 (2016-02-08) 0.94[42]
34
12 "Chapter Thirty-Four" Howard Deutch Madeline Hendricks February 22, 2016 (2016-02-22) 0.94[43]
35
13 "Chapter Thirty-Five" Melanie Mayron Chantelle M. Wells February 29, 2016 (2016-02-29) 0.91[44]
36
14 "Chapter Thirty-Six" Uta Briesewitz Jessica O'Toole & Amy Rardin March 7, 2016 (2016-03-07) 0.92[45]
37
15 "Chapter Thirty-Seven" Melanie Mayron Sarah Goldfinger March 21, 2016 (2016-03-21) 0.77[46]
38
16 "Chapter Thirty-Eight" Georgina Garcia Riedel Micah Schraft March 28, 2016 (2016-03-28) 0.94[47]
39
17 "Chapter Thirty-Nine" Matthew Diamond Carolina Rivera April 11, 2016 (2016-04-11) 0.93[48]
40
18 "Chapter Forty" Anna Mastro Jessica O'Toole & Amy Rardin April 18, 2016 (2016-04-18) 0.96[49]
41
19 "Chapter Forty-One" Gina Lamar Joe Lawson April 25, 2016 (2016-04-25) 0.84[50]
42
20 "Chapter Forty-Two" Zetna Fuentes Micah Schraft & Paul Sciarrotta May 2, 2016 (2016-05-02) 0.86[51]
43
21 "Chapter Forty-Three" Melanie Mayron Jessica O'Toole & Amy Rardin & Paul Sciarrotta May 9, 2016 (2016-05-09) 0.90[52]
44
22 "Chapter Forty-Four" Jann Turner Paul Sciarrotta & Jennie Snyder Urman May 16, 2016 (2016-05-16) 0.97[53]
Season 3 (2016–17)[edit]
Main article: Jane the Virgin (season 3)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
45
1 "Chapter Forty-Five" Gina Lamar Jennie Snyder Urman October 17, 2016 (2016-10-17) 1.09[54]
46
2 "Chapter Forty-Six" Brad Silberling David S. Rosenthal & Paul Sciarrotta October 24, 2016 (2016-10-24) 1.10[55]
47
3 "Chapter Forty-Seven" Eva Longoria Baston Carolina Rivera & Micah Schraft October 31, 2016 (2016-10-31) 0.97[56]
48
4 "Chapter Forty-Eight" Melanie Mayron Sarah Goldfinger & Jessica O'Toole & Amy Rardin November 7, 2016 (2016-11-07) 1.08[57]
49
5 "Chapter Forty-Nine" Anna Mastro Paul Sciarrotta November 14, 2016 (2016-11-14) 0.93[58]
50
6 "Chapter Fifty" Melanie Mayron Valentina Garza & David S. Rosenthal November 21, 2016 (2016-11-21) 1.01[59]
51
7 "Chapter Fifty-One" Gina Lamar Sarah Goldfinger & Jessica O'Toole & Amy Rardin November 28, 2016 (2016-11-28) 1.15[60]
52
8 "Chapter Fifty-Two" Anna Mastro Carolina Rivera & Micah Schraft January 23, 2017 (2017-01-23) 0.99[61]
53
9 "Chapter Fifty-Three" Gina Lamar Chantelle M. Wells January 30, 2017 (2017-01-30) 0.91[62]
54
10 "Chapter Fifty-Four" Melanie Mayron Micah Schraft & Jennie Snyder Urman February 6, 2017 (2017-02-06) 0.93[63]
55
11 "Chapter Fifty-Five" Brad Silberling Paul Sciarrotta & Jennie Snyder Urman February 13, 2017 (2017-02-13) 1.07[64]
56
12 "Chapter Fifty-Six" Matthew Diamond Valentina Garza February 20, 2017 (2017-02-20) 1.06[65]
57
13 "Chapter Fifty-Seven" Zetna Fuentes Madeline Hendricks February 27, 2017 (2017-02-27) 0.88[66]
58
14 "Chapter Fifty-Eight" Melanie Mayron Merigan Mulhern March 20, 2017 (2017-03-20) 0.84[67]
59
15 "Chapter Fifty-Nine" Anna Mastro Deidre Shaw March 27, 2017 (2017-03-27) 0.89[68]
60
16 "Chapter Sixty" Micah Schraft Carolina Rivera & Micah Schraft April 24, 2017 (2017-04-24) 0.79[69]
61
17 "Chapter Sixty-One" Melanie Mayron Paul Sciarrotta May 1, 2017 (2017-05-01) 0.77[70]
62
18 "Chapter Sixty-Two" Fernando Sariñana Jessica O'Toole & Amy Rardin & David S. Rosenthal May 8, 2017 (2017-05-08) 0.99[71]
63
19 "Chapter Sixty-Three" Gina Lamar Paul Sciarrotta May 15, 2017 (2017-05-15) 0.76[72]
64
20 "Chapter Sixty-Four" Melanie Mayron Micah Schraft & Jennie Snyder Urman May 22, 2017 (2017-05-22) 0.96[73]
Season 4 (2017–18)[edit]
Main article: Jane the Virgin (season 4)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
65
1 "Chapter Sixty-Five" Brad Silberling Jennie Snyder Urman & Paul Sciarrotta October 13, 2017 (2017-10-13) 0.68[74]
66
2 "Chapter Sixty-Six" Gina Lamar Valentina Garza & Jessica O'Toole & Amy Rardin October 20, 2017 (2017-10-20) 0.61[75]
67
3 "Chapter Sixty-Seven" Fernando Sariñana Carolina Rivera & Micah Schraft October 27, 2017 (2017-10-27) 0.60[76]
68
4 "Chapter Sixty-Eight" Gina Lamar Deirdre Shaw & Chantelle M. Wells November 3, 2017 (2017-11-03) 0.69[77]
69
5 "Chapter Sixty-Nine" Stuart Gillard Paul Sciarrotta November 10, 2017 (2017-11-10) 0.65[78]
70
6 "Chapter Seventy" Melanie Mayron Carolina Rivera & Micah Schraft November 17, 2017 (2017-11-17) 0.61[79]
71
7 "Chapter Seventy-One" Micah Schraft Valentina Garza & Deidre Shaw December 8, 2017 (2017-12-08) 0.65[80]
72
8 "Chapter Seventy-Two" Melanie Mayron Carolina Rivera & Paul Sciarrotta January 26, 2018 (2018-01-26) 0.68[81]
73
9 "Chapter Seventy-Three" Eric Lea Valentina Garza & Chantelle M. Wells February 2, 2018 (2018-02-02) 0.67[82]
74
10 "Chapter Seventy-Four" Gina Rodriguez Micah Schraft & Paul Sciarrotta February 9, 2018 (2018-02-09) 0.80[83]
75
11 "Chapter Seventy-Five" Gina Lamar Merigan Mulhern March 2, 2018 (2018-03-02) 0.59[84]
76
12 "Chapter Seventy-Six" Melanie Mayron Leah Longoria March 9, 2018 (2018-03-09) 0.58[85]
77
13 "Chapter Seventy-Seven" Gina Lamar Deirdre Shaw & Chantelle M. Wells March 16, 2018 (2018-03-16) 0.59[86]
78
14 "Chapter Seventy-Eight" Justin Baldoni Valentina Garza & Micah Schraft March 23, 2018 (2018-03-23) 0.65[87]
79
15 "Chapter Seventy-Nine" Gina Lamar Paul Sciarrotta April 6, 2018 (2018-04-06) 0.53[88]
80
16 "Chapter Eighty" Micah Schraft Micah Schraft April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13) 0.57[89]
81
17 "Chapter Eighty-One" Gina Lamar Jennie Snyder Urman & Paul Sciarrotta April 20, 2018 (2018-04-20) 0.58[90]
Ratings[edit]
Jane the Virgin : U.S. viewers per episode (millions)
Audience measurement performed by Nielsen Media Research.[91]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (May 8, 2014). "Fall TV Scoop: The CW Orders Four Dramas, Including Flash, iZombie and Jane the Virgin, Passes on Supernatural Spin-Off". TV Line. Retrieved May 12, 2014.
Jump up ^ "'The Flash,' 'Jane the Virgin' Get Full-Season Orders at CW". Hollywood Reporter. October 21, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (January 11, 2015). "'Arrow', 'Jane The Virgin', 'Reign', 'The 100', 'The Flash', 'Supernatural, 'The Originals' & 'The Vampire Diaries' Renewed by the CW". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (March 11, 2016). "'The Flash', 'The 100' and even 'Crazy Ex-Girlfriend' renewed: All 11 CW series picked up for 2016-17". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ ge, Linda (January 8, 2017). "The CW Renews 'The Flash,' 'Supergirl,' 'Jane the Virgin' and 4 Other Series". The Wrap. Retrieved February 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (June 8, 2017). "The CW Sets Fall 2017 Premiere Dates For 'Dynasty' & 'Valor' And Returning Series Returning Series". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Goldberg, Lesley (April 2, 2018). "'Riverdale,' 'Flash,' 'Supernatural' Among 10 CW Renewals". The Hollywood Reporter.
Jump up ^ Ryan, Maureen (2018-05-17). "'Jane the Virgin' Creator on the Show's End: 'We're Going to Close Things Up'". The New York Times. Retrieved 2018-05-18.
Jump up ^ Clemmons, Rachael Vaughan (April 20, 2018). "The fifth season of 'Jane the Virgin' will be its last". Metro.us.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (October 14, 2014). "Monday Final Ratings: 'The Voice' & 'Dancing With the Stars' Adjusted Up; 'The Big Bang Theory' & 'Castle' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on October 15, 2014. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (October 21, 2014). "Monday Final Ratings: 'The Big Bang Theory', 'The Voice' & 'Gotham' Adjusted Up; 'Jane the Virgin', 'The Originals', 'The Millers' & 'Castle' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on October 23, 2014. Retrieved October 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (October 28, 2014). "Monday Final Ratings: 'The Voice' & 'Scorpion' Adjusted Up; 'Dancing With the Stars', 'Castle', 'The Millers' & 'The Blacklist' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on October 30, 2014. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (November 4, 2014). "Monday Final Ratings: 'The Voice' Adjusted Up; 'Jane the Virgin', 'Dancing With the Stars', 'The Originals', 'Countdown to the CMAs' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (November 11, 2014). "Monday Final Ratings: 'Dancing With The Stars' & 'Castle' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (November 18, 2014). "Monday Final Ratings: 'The Voice' & 'Sleepy Hollow' Adjusted Up; 'Dancing With the Stars' & 'Castle' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (November 25, 2014). "Monday Final Ratings: 'Dancing With The Stars' Adjusted Up; 'The Voice,, 'Castle', '2 Broke Girls', 'Scorpion' & 'State of Affairs' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 25, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (December 9, 2014). "Monday Final Ratings: 'Mike & Molly' Adjusted Up; 'The Great Christmas Light Fight' & 'Castle' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (December 16, 2014). "Monday Final Ratings: 'Jane the Virgin', 'The Voice', 'The Great Christmas Light Fight' & 'State of Affairs' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (January 21, 2015). "Monday Final Ratings: 'Scorpion', 'Castle' & 'The Celebrity Apprentice' Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (January 27, 2015). "Monday Final Ratings: 'The Bachelor' and 'Sleepy Hollow' Adjusted Up; No Adjustment for 'Jane the Virgin'". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (February 3, 2015). "Monday Final Ratings: No Adjustments to 'Gotham', 'Sleepy Hollow', 'The Originals' or 'Jane The Virgin'". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (February 10, 2015). "Monday Final Ratings: 'NCIS: LA' & 'Scorpion' Adjusted Up, No Adjustment for 'Jane the Virgin' or 'Gotham'". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (February 18, 2015). "Monday Final Ratings: 'The Bachelor' & 'The Celebrity Apprentice' Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (March 10, 2015). "Monday Final Ratings: 'The Voice', 'The Bachelor', '2 Broke Girls', 'Mike & Molly' & 'NCIS: LA' Adjusted Up; 'The Night Shift' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (March 17, 2015). "Monday Final Ratings: 'The Voice', 'Dancing With The Stars', 'Mike & Molly' & 'Jane The Virgin' Adjusted Up; 'The Night Shift' & 'The Originals' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (April 7, 2014). "Monday Final Ratings: No Adjustment for 'Jane the Virgin' or 'The Night Shift' + Final NCAA Basketball Ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (April 14, 2015). "Monday Final Ratings: 'The Voice' & 'Dancing With the Stars' Adjusted Up; 'The Originals', 'Jane The Virgin' & 'The Night Shift' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (April 21, 2015). "Monday Final Ratings: 'Scorpion', '2 Broke Girls', 'Mike & Molly', Gotham', 'The Voice' & 'Dancing With the Stars' Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (April 28, 2015). "Monday Final Ratings: '2 Broke Girls', 'Mike & Molly', 'Stalker' & 'The Night Shift' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (May 5, 2015). "Monday Final Ratings: '2 Broke Girls' & 'Mike and Molly' Adjusted Up; No Adjustment for 'Jane the Virgin'". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (May 12, 2015). "Monday Final Ratings: 'Dancing With the Stars' & 'The Following' Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 13, 2015). "Monday final ratings: 'The Voice' and 'Big Bang Theory' adjusted up, 'Castle,' 'Life in Pieces' and 'Scorpion' adjusted down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 20, 2015). "Monday final ratings: 'Crazy Ex-Girlfriend' and 'Jane the Virgin' adjusted down, 'Big Bang' adjusted up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 27, 2015). "Monday final ratings: 'Supergirl' and 'Blindspot' adjust down, 'Big Bang Theory' adjusts up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 3, 2015). "Monday final ratings: 'The Voice' and 'NCIS: LA' adjust up, 'Supergirl' holds". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 10, 2015). "Monday Final Ratings: 'NCIS: LA' Adjusts Up; Everything Else Holds". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 17, 2015). "Monday final ratings: 'Jane the Virgin' adjusts down but still hits season high, 'Scorpion' adjusts up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 24, 2015). "Monday final ratings: 'The Voice' adjusts up, 'Castle' adjusts down to season average". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (December 15, 2015). "Monday final ratings: 'Scorpion' and 'Jane the Virgin' adjust down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (January 26, 2016). "Monday final ratings: 'Scorpion' and 'Superstore' adjust up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (February 2, 2016). "Monday final ratings: 'X-Files,' 'Lucifer' and 'The Bachelor' adjust up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (February 9, 2016). "Monday final ratings: 'The Bachelor' and 'Scorpion' adjust up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (February 23, 2016). "Monday final ratings: 'Bachelor' adjusts up, 'Crazy Ex-Girlfriend' adjusts down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (March 1, 2016). "Monday Final Ratings: 'Blindspot,' 'Gotham' and all others hold". TVbytheNumbers. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (March 8, 2016). "Monday Final Ratings: 'Jane the Virgin' adjusts up, 'Blindspot' adjusts down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (March 22, 2016). "Monday final ratings: 'The Voice' adjusts up, 'Blindspot' adjusts down". TVbytheNumbers. Retrieved March 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick. "Monday final ratings: 'Supergirl,' 'Blindspot' and everything else hold". TV By The Numbers. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (April 12, 2016). "Monday final ratings: 'The Voice' adjusts up, 'Crazy Ex-Girlfriend' and 'Jane the Virgin' adjust down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (April 19, 2016). "Monday final ratings: 'Supergirl' finale adjusts up, 'NCIS: LA' adjusts down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (April 26, 2016). "Monday final ratings: 'The Voice' adjusts down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 3, 2016). "Monday final ratings: 'NCIS: LA' finale and all others hold". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 10, 2016). "Monday final ratings: 'Blindspot' and 'Reign' adjust down". TVbytheNumbers. Retrieved May 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 17, 2016). "Monday final ratings: 'Mike & Molly' finale and 'The Voice' adjust up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 18, 2016). "'Gotham,' 'The Voice,' 'Big Bang,' 'DWTS' adjust up, 'Conviction' and '2 Broke Girls' adjust down: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 25, 2016). "'Kevin Can Wait' adjusts up, 'Timeless,' 'Supergirl,' and 'Jane the Virgin' adjust down: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 1, 2016). "'Gotham' adjusts up, CBS shows all adjust down: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 8, 2016). "'Jane the Virgin,' 'Odd Couple' and 'Conviction' adjust down: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 15, 2016). "'2 Broke Girls' adjusts up, 'Supergirl' and 'Jane the Virgin' adjust down: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 22, 2016). "'Supergirl,' 'Jane the Virgin,' 'Odd Couple,' 'Conviction' adjust down: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 30, 2016). "'Voice' adjusts up, 'Gotham,' 'Lucifer,' 'Jane the Virgin' and ABC adjust down: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (January 24, 2017). "'Celebrity Apprentice' adjusts up, 'Quantico' adjusts down: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (January 31, 2017). "'Quantico' adjusts down: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (February 7, 2017). "'The Bachelor' and 'Superior Donuts' adjust up: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (February 14, 2017). "'The Bachelor' adjusts up, 'Quantico' adjusts down: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Welch, Alex (February 22, 2017). "'Quantico' adjusts down: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (February 28, 2017). "'Scorpion' adjusted up: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (March 21, 2017). "'Dancing With the Stars' adjusts up, 'Taken' and 'Quantico' adjust down: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (March 28, 2017). "'Voice,' 'Great Indoors' adjust up; 'Taken,' 'Quantico,' 'Jane the Virgin' down: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (April 25, 2017). "'Gotham' adjusts up, 'Quantico' adjusts down: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 2, 2017). "'The Voice,' 'Scorpion,' 'Man with a Plan,' 'Superior Donuts' all adjust up: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 9, 2017). "'Gotham,' 'Man with a Plan,' 'Jane the Virgin' adjust up, 'Quantico' adjusts down: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 16, 2017). "'Dancing with the Stars,' 'Man with a Plan' finale adjust up: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 23, 2017). "'The Voice' adjusts up, 'Jane the Virgin' adjusts down: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Welch, Alex (October 16, 2017). "'Hell's Kitchen,' 'MacGyver,' 'Once Upon a Time,' & more remain unchanged: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 23, 2017). "'Jane the Virgin,' 'Hawaii Five-0,' all others unchanged: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 30, 2017). "'MacGyver,' 'Jane the Virgin' and World Series adjust up: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 6, 2017). "'Hawaii Five-0,' 'Once Upon a Time' and others unchanged: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 13, 2017). "'Hawaii Five-0,' 'Hell's Kitchen,' everything else unchanged: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 20, 2017). "'Hell's Kitchen,' 'MacGyver' and all others unchanged: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (December 11, 2017). "'Blue Bloods' adjusts down: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (January 29, 2018). "'Blindspot,' 'Agents of SHIELD,' all others hold: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 29, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (February 5, 2018). "'Hell's Kitchen' finale, 'Jane the Virgin,' all others hold: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (February 12, 2018). "Olympics opening ceremony adjusts up: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (March 5, 2018). "'Blue Bloods,' 'Blindspot,' all other unchanged: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (March 12, 2018). "Blue Bloods,' 'Taken,' 'Confronting Putin' adjust down: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (March 19, 2018). "NCAA Tournament adjusts down: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (March 26, 2018). "NCAA Tournament and 'Dynasty' adjust down: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 26, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (April 9, 2018). "'Agents of SHIELD' adjusts up: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (April 16, 2018). "'Agents of SHIELD' adjusts up, 'Taken' adjusts down: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (April 23, 2018). "'Dynasty' adjusts down: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ For the first season, see "Jane the Virgin: Season One Ratings". TV Series Finale. Retrieved February 20, 2018.
For the second season, see "Jane the Virgin: Season Two Ratings". TV Series Finale. Retrieved February 20, 2018.
For the third season, see "Jane the Virgin: Season Three Ratings". TV Series Finale. Retrieved February 20, 2018.
For the fourth season, see "Jane the Virgin: Season Four Ratings". TV Series Finale. Retrieved February 20, 2018.
External links[edit]
Official website
Jane the Virgin on IMDb
Jane the Virgin at TV.com
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text:
Vijaynagar, Changlang
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Vijay Nagar
Village
Vijay Nagar
Location in Arunachal Pradesh, India
Vijay Nagar
Vijay Nagar (India)
Show map of Arunachal Pradesh Show map of India Show all
Coordinates: 27°11′31″N 96°59′59″E / 27.19194°N 96.99972°E / 27.19194; 96.99972Coordinates: 27°11′31″N 96°59′59″E / 27.19194°N 96.99972°E / 27.19194; 96.99972
Country
India
State
Arunachal Pradesh
District
Changlang district
Elevation
1,240 m (4,070 ft)
Languages
• Official
English
Time zone
IST (UTC+05:30)
ISO 3166 code
IN-AR
Vehicle registration
AR
Vijay Nagar is the remotest Circle (Tehsil) of Changlang district in the north-eastern state of Arunachal Pradesh, India.
Contents
[hide]
1 Location
2 Transportation
3 See also
4 References
Location[edit]
It is surrounded on three sides by Myanmar, while the other side is flanked by the large expanse of thick forest of Namdapha National Park. Nearby cities are Hayuliang and Tezu in India. Putao is the nearest city in Myanmar.
Transportation[edit]
There is no road connection to the area. The village has an airport, but flights do not operate from it for most of the year. Miao, the nearest town in India, is 150 km away.
Vijay Nagar is set to be the eastern terminus on the proposed Arunachal Pradesh Frontier Highway, which would be a 2,000 km (1,200 mi) route following the McMahon Line to Mago and Thingbu in the west.[1][2][3][4] A map of the proposed route can be seen here and here.[5]
See also[edit]
Geography portal
Asia portal
South Asia portal
India portal
Himalaya region portal
North-East Frontier Agency
List of people from Arunachal Pradesh
Religion in Arunachal Pradesh
Cuisine of Arunachal Pradesh
List of institutions of higher education in Arunachal Pradesh
[show]
v
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e
State of Arunachal Pradesh
Capital: Itanagar
Topics
Category
History
Politics
Cuisine
Highest point
Education
Administration
Government
Legislative Assembly
Chief Ministers
Governors
Raj Bhavan
Police
Politics
Districts
Tawang
West Kameng
East Kameng
Papum Pare
Kurung Kumey
Kra Daadi
Lower Subansiri
Upper Subansiri
West Siang
Central Siang
East Siang
Upper Siang
Lower Dibang Valley
Dibang Valley
Anjaw
Lohit
Namsai
Changlang
Tirap
Longding
Major Towns
Itanagar
Naharlagun
Pasighat
Along (Aalo)
Seppa
Tezu
Daporijo
Namsai
Ziro
Roing
Tawang
Khonsa
Bomdila
Jairampur
Deomali
Yingkiong
Changlang
Miao
Basar
Dirang
Anini
Koloriang
Rupa
Boleng
Hawai
Sagalee
Yupia
Doimukh
Gumto
Longding
Pangin
Likabali
Malinithan
Bhalukpong
Nampong
Hayuliang
Palin
Jamin
Bhismaknagar
Akshiganga
Historical Places
Gomsi
Ita Fort
Portal: India
[show]
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Minority Concentrated Districts in India
Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Nicobar
Arunachal Pradesh
East Kameng
Lower Subansiri
Changlang
Tirap
Tawang
West Kameng
Papum Pare
Assam
Kokrajhar
Dhubri
Goalpara
Bongaigaon
Barpeta
Darrang
Morigaon
Nagaon
Cachar
Karimganj
Hailakandi
Kamrup
North Cachar Hills
Bihar
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Ukhrul
Chandel
Meghalaya
West Garo Hills
Mizoram
Lawngtlai
Mamit
Odisha
Gajapati
Sikkim
North
Uttar Pradesh
Bulandshahar
Budaun
Barabanki
Kheri
Shahjahanpur
Moradabad
Sambhal
Rampur
Jyotiba Phule Nagar
Bareilly
Pilibhit
Bahraich
Shrawasti
Balrampur
Siddharthnagar
Bijnor
Lucknow
Saharanpur
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Meerut
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West Bengal
Uttar Dinajpur
Dakshin Dinajpur
Maldah
Murshidabad
Birbhum
Nadia
South 24 Parganas
Barddhaman
Koch Bihar
Haora
North 24 Parganas
Kolkata
Source: "Press Information Bureau English Releases". Pib.nic.in. Retrieved 2014-01-14.
[show]
v
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e
States and union territories of India
States
Arunachal Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Assam
Bihar
Chhattisgarh
Goa
Gujarat
Haryana
Himachal Pradesh
Jammu and Kashmir
Jharkhand
Karnataka
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References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Top officials to meet to expedite road building along China border". Dipak Kumar Dash. timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Narendra Modi government to provide funds for restoration of damaged highways". http://www.dnaindia.com. Retrieved 27 October 2014. External link in |publisher= (help)
Jump up ^ "Indian Government Plans Highway Along Disputed China Border". Ankit Panda. thediplomat.com. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Govt planning road along McMohan line in Arunachal Pradesh: Kiren Rijiju". Live Mint. Retrieved 2014-10-26.
Jump up ^ "China warns India against paving road in Arunachal". Ajay Banerjee. tribuneindia.com. Retrieved 2014-10-26.
[show]
Places adjacent to Vijaynagar, Changlang
Tibet Autonomous Region, China
Eastern Zone, Bhutan
Arunachal Pradesh
Kachin State, Burma
Assam Nagaland Sagaing Region, Burma
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijaynagar,_Changlang&oldid=771636143"
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text:
Crossing the Rubicon
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
For other uses, see Crossing the Rubicon (disambiguation).
Look up cross the Rubicon in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Julius Caesar's crossing the Rubicon river was an event in 49 BC that precipitated the Roman Civil War, which ultimately led to Caesar's becoming dictator for life and the rise of the imperial era of Rome. Caesar had been appointed to a governorship over a region that ranged from southern Gaul to Illyricum (but not Italy). As his term of governorship ended, the Roman Senate ordered Caesar to disband his army and return to Rome. He was explicitly ordered not to bring his army across the Rubicon river, which was at that time a northern boundary of Italy. In January of 49 BC, Caesar brought the 13th legion across the river, which the Roman government considered insurrection, treason, and a declaration of war on the Roman Senate. According to some authors, he is said to have uttered the phrase "alea iacta est"—the die is cast— as his army marched through the shallow river.
Today, the phrase "crossing the Rubicon" is an idiom that means to pass a point of no return.
Contents
1 History
2 Julius Caesar
3 Notes
4 External links
History[edit]
During the Roman republic, the river Rubicon marked the boundary between the Roman province of Cisalpine Gaul to the north-west and Italy proper (controlled directly by Rome and its allies) to the south. On the north-western side, the border was marked by the river Arno, a much wider and more important waterway, which flows westward from the Apennine Mountains (its source is not far from Rubicon's source) into the Tyrrhenian Sea.
Governors of Roman provinces were appointed promagistrates with imperium (roughly, "right to command") in one or more provinces. The governor then served as the general of the Roman army within the territory they ruled. Roman law specified that only the elected magistrates (consuls and praetors) could hold imperium within Italy. Any promagistrate who entered Italy at the head of his troops forfeited his imperium and was therefore no longer legally allowed to command troops.
Exercising imperium when forbidden by the law was a capital offence. Furthermore, obeying the commands of a general who did not legally possess imperium was a capital offence. If a general entered Italy in command of an army, both the general and his soldiers became outlaws and were automatically condemned to death. Generals were thus obliged to disband their armies before entering Italy.
Julius Caesar[edit]
Julius Caesar paused on the banks of the Rubicon.
In 49 BC, perhaps on January 10, C. Julius Caesar led a single legion, Legio XIII, south over the Rubicon from Cisalpine Gaul to Italy to make his way to Rome. In doing so, he (deliberately) broke the law on imperium and made armed conflict inevitable. Suetonius depicts Caesar as undecided as he approached the river, and attributes the crossing to a supernatural apparition. It was reported that Caesar dined with Sallust, Hirtius, Oppius, Lucius Balbus and Sulpicus Rufus on the night after his famous crossing into Italy January 10.[1]
According to Suetonius, Caesar uttered the famous phrase ālea iacta est ("the die has been cast").[2] The phrase "crossing the Rubicon" has survived to refer to any individual or group committing itself irrevocably to a risky or revolutionary course of action, similar to the modern phrase "passing the point of no return". Caesar's decision for swift action forced Pompey, the lawful consuls (C. Claudius Marcellus and L. Cornelius Lentulus Crus), and a large part of the Roman Senate to flee Rome in fear. Caesar's subsequent victory in Caesar's Civil War ensured that he would never be punished for the infraction.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Dando-Collins, Stephan (2002). The Epic Saga of Julius Caesars Tenth Legion and Rome. p. 67. ISBN 0-471-09570-2.
Jump up ^ Lives of the Caesars, "Divus Julius" sect. 32. Suetonius gives the Latin version, iacta alea est, although according to Plutarch's Parallel Lives, Caesar quoted a line from the playwright Menander: "ἀνερρίφθω κύβος", anerríphthō kȳbos, "let the die be cast". Suetonius' subtly different translation is often also quoted as alea iacta est. Alea was a game played with a die or dice rather than the actual dice themselves, so another translation might be "The game is afoot."
External links[edit]
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Rubicon". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Livius.org: Rubico
Rubicon in dictionary
Pearce, M., R. Peretto, P. Tozzi, R. Talbert, T. Elliott, S. Gillies. "Places: 393484 (Rubico fl.)". Pleiades. Retrieved March 8, 2012. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Coordinates: 44°05′35″N 12°23′45″E / 44.093029°N 12.395834°E / 44.093029; 12.395834
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crossing_the_Rubicon&oldid=849720851"
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