text:
Geography of Europe
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For the political geography of Europe, see Politics of Europe, List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe, International organisations in Europe, and Regions of Europe.
Geography of Europe

Several of the oldest cities of Northwestern Europe are highlighted in this astronaut's photograph from 00:25 GMT on 10 August 2011
Area
10,180,000 km2 (3,930,000 sq mi)[n] (6th)
Population
742,452,000[n] (2013; 3rd)
Population density
72.9/km2 (188/sq mi) (2nd)
Demonym
European
Countries
50 sovereign states
5 with limited recognition
Dependencies
4 dependencies
Languages
~225 languages[1]
Time zones
UTC−1 to UTC+5
Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia); Asia occupies the eastern bulk of this continuous landmass and all share a common continental shelf. Europe's eastern frontier is delineated by the Ural Mountains in Russia. The southeast boundary with Asia is not universally defined, but the modern definition is generally the Ural River or, less commonly, the Emba River. The boundary continues to the Caspian Sea, the crest of the Caucasus Mountains (or, less commonly, the river Kura in the Caucasus), and on to the Black Sea. The Bosporus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles conclude the Asian boundary. The Mediterranean Sea to the south separates Europe from Africa. The western boundary is the Atlantic Ocean. Iceland, though on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and nearer to Greenland (North America) than mainland Europe, is generally included in Europe for cultural reasons and because it is over twice as close to mainland Europe than to mainland North America. There is ongoing debate on where the geographical centre of Europe falls.
Play media
This video was taken by the crew of Expedition 30 on board the ISS on a pass over Europe. The two videos were shot simultaneously using different cameras: one pointing toward the northeast, and one pointing toward the east.
Contents
1 Overview
1.1 Peninsula of peninsulas
2 Geology
3 Population
4 Rivers
5 Lakes and inland seas
6 Major islands
7 Plains and lowlands
8 Mountain ranges
9 Temperature and precipitation
10 Landlocked countries
11 Countries consisting solely of islands or parts of islands
12 Countries bordering or spanning another continent
13 Countries that share a name with their capital
14 Countries whose capital is not the most populous
15 List of countries by the number of other countries they border
16 See also
17 Notes
18 External links
Overview[edit]
Satellite image of Europe by night
Some geographical texts refer to a Eurasian continent given that Europe is not surrounded by sea and its southeastern border has always been variously defined for centuries.
In terms of shape, Europe is a collection of connected peninsulas and nearby islands. The two largest peninsulas are mainland Europe and Scandinavia to the north, divided from each other by the Baltic Sea. Three smaller peninsulas—Iberia, Italy and the Balkans—emerge from the southern margin of the mainland. The Balkan peninsula is separated from Asia by the Black and Aegean Seas. Italy is separated from the Balkans by the Adriatic Sea, and from Iberia by the Mediterranean Sea, which also separates Europe from Africa. Eastward, mainland Europe widens much like the mouth of a funnel, until the boundary with Asia is reached at the Ural Mountains and Ural River, the Caspian Sea and Caucasus Mountains.
Land relief in Europe shows great variation within relatively small areas. The southern regions are mountainous, while moving north the terrain descends from the high Alps, Pyrenees and Carpathians, through hilly uplands, into broad, low northern plains, which are vast in the east. An arc of uplands also exists along the northwestern seaboard, beginning in southwestern Ireland, continuing across through western and northern Great Britain, and up along the mountainous, fjord-cut spine of Norway.
This description is simplified. Sub-regions such as Iberia and Italy contain their own complex features, as does mainland Europe itself, where the relief contains many plateaus, river valleys and basins that complicate the general trend. Iceland and the British Isles are special cases. The former is of North Atlantic volcanic formation, while the latter consist of upland areas once joined to the mainland until cut off by rising sea levels.
Peninsula of peninsulas[edit]
Europe is sometimes called a "peninsula of peninsulas", to draw attention to the fact that Europe is a relatively small, elongated appendage to Asia, and that a large part of Europe is made up of peninsulas.[2]
Partial list of European peninsulas
Absheron peninsula
Balkan peninsula
Cotentin Peninsula
Crimea
Fennoscandian Peninsula
Kola Peninsula
Scandinavian Peninsula
Iberian Peninsula
Italian Peninsula
Jutland
Kanin Peninsula
Geology[edit]
Main article: Geology of Europe
The coast of Europe is heavily indented with bays and gulfs, as here in Greece.
Europe's most significant geological feature is the dichotomy between the highlands and mountains of Southern Europe and a vast, partially underwater, northern plain ranging from Great Britain in the west to the Ural Mountains in the east.[citation needed] These two halves are separated by the mountain chains of the Pyrenees and the Alps/Carpathians. The northern plains are delimited in the west by the Scandinavian mountains and the mountainous parts of the British Isles. The major shallow water bodies submerging parts of the northern plains are the Celtic Sea, the North Sea, the Baltic Sea complex, and the Barents Sea.
The northern plain contains the old geological continent of Baltica, and so may be regarded as the "main continent", while peripheral highlands and mountainous regions in south and west constitute fragments from various other geological continents.
The geology of Europe is hugely varied and complex, and gives rise to the wide variety of landscapes found across the continent, from the Scottish Highlands to the rolling plains of Hungary.
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2011)
Population[edit]
Figures for the population of Europe vary according to which definition of European boundaries is used. The population within the standard physical geographical boundaries was 701 million in 2005 according to the United Nations. In 2000 the population was 857 million, using a definition which includes the whole of the transcontinental countries of Russia and Turkey. Population growth is comparatively slow, and median age comparatively high in relation to the world's other continents.
Rivers[edit]
The Volga, the longest river in Europe, near Kazan, Russia.
The Danube, Europe's second-longest river, in Budapest, Hungary.
Main article: List of rivers of Europe
The longest rivers in Europe with their approximate lengths:[3][4]
Volga - 3,690 km (2,290 mi)
Danube - 2,860 km (1,780 mi)
Ural - 2,428 km (1,509 mi)
Dnieper - 2,290 km (1,420 mi)
Don - 1,950 km (1,210 mi)
Pechora - 1,809 km (1,124 mi)
Kama - 1,805 km (1,122 mi)
Oka - 1,500 km (930 mi)
Belaya - 1,430 km (890 mi)
Tisza - 1,358 km (844 mi)
Dniester - 1,352 km (840 mi)
Rhine - 1,236 km (768 mi)
Elbe - 1,091 km (678 mi)
Vistula - 1,047 km (651 mi)
Tagus - 1,038 km (645 mi)
Daugava - 1,020 km (630 mi)
Loire - 1,012 km (629 mi)
Ebro - 960 km (600 mi)
Neman - 937 km (582 mi)
Sava - 933 km (580 mi)
Meuse - 925 km (575 mi)
Douro - 897 km (557 mi)
Oder - 854 km (531 mi)
Guadiana - 829 km (515 mi)
Rhône - 815 km (506 mi)
Seine - 776 km (482 mi)
Mureș - 761 km (473 mi)
Prut - 742 km (461 mi)
Po - 682 km (424 mi)
Guadalquivir - 657 km (408 mi)
Olt - 615 km (382 mi)
Glomma - 604 km (375 mi)
Garonne - 602 km (374 mi)
Siret - 559 km (347 mi)
Neris - 510 km (320 mi)
Maritsa - 480 km (300 mi)
Gauja - 452 km (281 mi)
Vltava - 430 km (270 mi)
Ialomița - 417 km (259 mi)
Vah - 406 km (252 mi)
Vardar - 388 km (241 mi)
Shannon - 386 km (240 mi)
Someș - 376 km (234 mi)
Morava - 353 km (219 mi)
Thames - 346 km (215 mi)
Drin 335 km - 335 km (208 mi)
Torne - 324 km (201 mi)
Lakes and inland seas[edit]
Main article: List of lakes § Europe
Major islands[edit]
Iceland, Faroe Islands, Great Britain, Ireland, Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Malta, Cyprus, Ionian Islands, Crete, Aegean Islands, Åland Islands, Gotland, Saaremaa, Svalbard, Hinnøya, Senja, Zealand, Fyn and North Jutlandic Island.
See also List of European islands by area and List of European islands by population
Plains and lowlands[edit]
East European Plain, the largest landscape feature of Europe
Northern European Lowlands
Pannonian Plain
Meseta Central is a high plain (plateau) in central Spain (occupies roughly 40% of the country)
Po Valley, also known as Padan Plain, between Alps and Apennines
Mountain ranges[edit]
Elbrus, the highest mountain in Europe, seen from Georgia.
Mount Olympus, legendary abode of the Greek gods.
Maja Jezercë in Albania at 2,694m high is the highest peak of the Dinaric Alps.
Main article: List of mountain ranges § Europe
Some of Europe's major mountain ranges are:
Ural Mountains, which form the boundary between Europe and Asia
Caucasus Mountains, which also separate Europe and Asia, and are the namesake of the Caucasian race
Carpathian Mountains, a major mountain range in Central and Southern Europe
Alps, in Central Western Europe
Apennines, which run through Italy
Pyrenees, the natural border between France and Spain
Cantabrian Mountains, which run across northern Spain
Scandinavian Mountains, a mountain range which runs through the Scandinavian Peninsula, includes the Kjølen mountains
Dinaric Alps, a mountain range in the Balkans
Balkan Mountains, a mountain range in central Balkans
Scottish Highlands (including the Cairngorms) in the United Kingdom.
Land area in different classes of European mountainous terrain (classification from UNEP-WCMC):
Altitude
Area (km2)
% Area
≥4500m 1 0.00%
3500-4500m 225 0.00%
2500-3500m 497,886 4.89%
1500-2500m & slope ≥2° 145,838 1.43%
1000-1500m & slope ≥5°
or local elevation range >300m 345,255 3.39%
300-1000m
and local elevation range >300m 1,222,104 12.00%
Mountainous TOTAL 2,211,308 21.72%
Europe TOTAL 10,180,000 100.00%
Temperature and precipitation[edit]
The high mountainous areas of Europe are colder and have higher precipitation than lower areas, as is true of mountainous areas in general. Europe has less precipitation in the east than in central and western Europe. The temperature difference between summer and winter gradually increases from coastal northwest Europe to southeast inland Europe, ranging from Ireland, with a temperature difference of only 10 °C from the warmest to the coldest month, to the area north of the Caspian Sea, with a temperature difference of 40 °C. January average range from 13 °C in southern Spain and southern Greek islands to -20 °C in the northeastern part of European Russia. Desert climates are found in the European portion of Kazakhstan and South Eastern Spain.
Western Europe and parts of Central Europe generally fall into the temperate maritime climate (Cfb), the southern part is mostly a Mediterranean climate (mostly Csa, smaller area with Csb), the north-central part and east into central Russia is mostly a humid continental climate (Dfb) and the northern part of the continent is a subarctic climate (Dfc). In the extreme northern part (northernmost Russia; Svalbard), bordering the Arctic Ocean, is tundra climate (Et). Mountain ranges, such as the Alps and the Carpathian mountains, have a highland climate with large variations according to altitude and latitude.
Landlocked countries[edit]
The landlocked countries in Europe are: Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Liechtenstein (which is doubly landlocked), Luxembourg, Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Vatican. In addition, the two partly recognized frozen conflict zones of Artsakh and Transnistria are also landlocked.
Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, and Macedonia constitute a contiguous landlocked agglomeration of eight countries in Central Europe and the Balkans, stretching from Geneva all the way to Skopje. The other landlocked countries are "standalone" landlocked, not bordering any other such European one (the emphasis is necessary, since Kazakhstan borders Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan, thus forming a vast landlocked expanse in Central Asia)
Countries consisting solely of islands or parts of islands[edit]
Cyprus
Iceland
Ireland
Malta
United Kingdom
Countries bordering or spanning another continent[edit]
Eurasia Armenia, Azerbaijan, Republic of Cyprus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkey, Greece (some Aegean islands and Kastelorizo island in southeastern Mediterranean)
Europe-Africa Malta, Spain (Ceuta, Melilla and Canary Islands), Italy (Lampedusa and Lampione), Portugal (Madeira),[5] France (Réunion and Mayotte)
Europe-South America France (French Guiana)
Europe-North America France (Guadeloupe, Martinique, and St. Pierre et Miquelon), Denmark (Greenland), Netherlands (Bonaire, Saba, and St. Eustatius), Portugal (Corvo Island, Flores Island)
Countries that share a name with their capital[edit]
Luxembourg
Monaco
San Marino
Vatican City
Andorra
Countries whose capital is not the most populous[edit]
Country
Capital
Largest city or municipality
Liechtenstein Vaduz Schaan
Malta Valletta Birkirkara
San Marino San Marino Serravalle
Switzerland Bern Zurich
Turkey Ankara Istanbul
Note: Italy's capital, Rome, is the country's largest city if only the municipality (comune) is considered. Greater Milan is the largest Metropolitan Area in Italy.
Brussels is considered to be the largest city of Belgium, according to the population of the Brussels-Capital Region. The population of the City of Brussels is ~175,000. Antwerp is the biggest city of the country.
List of countries by the number of other countries they border[edit]
Map of European countries by number of neighbouring countries.
14 Russia (Including Kaliningrad)
11 France (Including overseas departments and territories)
9 Germany
8 Austria, Serbia, Turkey
7 Hungary, Poland, Ukraine
6 Italy
5 Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Kazakhstan, Romania, Macedonia, Slovakia, Spain (Including Ceuta and Melilla), Switzerland
4 Albania, Armenia, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Georgia, Greece, Kosovo, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Slovenia
3 Bosnia and Herzegovina, Finland, Netherlands (Including Sint Maarten), Norway, Luxembourg
2 Andorra, Estonia, Liechtenstein, Moldova, Sweden
1 Denmark, Ireland, Monaco, Portugal, San Marino, United Kingdom, Vatican City
0 Iceland, Cyprus, Malta
See also[edit]
European grid
European Union
Northern Europe
Western Europe
Central Europe
Eastern Europe
Southern Europe
Extreme points of Europe
Intermediate Region
Extreme points of the European Union
Countries bordering the European Union
Extreme points of Eurasia
Extreme points of Afro-Eurasia
Explorers of Russia
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Language facts – European day of languages, Council of Europe. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
Jump up ^ Europe:Physical Geography National Geographic - Education
Jump up ^ "European Rivers". worldatlas.com.
Jump up ^ "River Systems of the World". Archived from the original on 2009-09-19.
Jump up ^ Peoples of Africa. Marshall Cavendish. 2000. ISBN 9780761471585.
External links[edit]
Media related to Geography of Europe at Wikimedia Commons
show
v
t
e
Geography of Europe
Sovereign states
Albania
Andorra
Armenia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Belgium
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Georgia
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Kazakhstan
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macedonia
Malta
Moldova
Monaco
Montenegro
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
San Marino
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Vatican City
States with limited
recognition
Abkhazia
Artsakh
Kosovo
Northern Cyprus
South Ossetia
Transnistria
Dependencies and
other entities
Åland
Faroe Islands
Gibraltar
Guernsey
Isle of Man
Jersey
Svalbard
Other entities
European Union
show
v
t
e
Europe articles
History
Chronology
Prehistory
Classical antiquity
Late antiquity
Middle Ages
Early modernity
World War I & II
Pax Europaea
Crisis situations and unrest since 2000
By topic
Military
Sovereignty
predecessor states
Geography
Areas and populations
Countries by area
European microstates
Largest metropolitan areas
Cities
Extreme points
Geology
Islands
Lakes
Mountains
Rivers
Sovereign states and dependent territories
by population
Villages
Politics
Eurosphere
International organisations
Integration
Law
Politics
Post-Soviet Europe
Transatlantic relations
Intergovernmental
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
Council of Europe (CoE)
Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO)
GUAM Organization
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
statistics
European Union
Economy
relations
free trade agreements
Education
European Economic Area (EEA)
European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP)
European Union Customs Union (EUCU)
Eurozone
Foreign relations
Members
enlargement
Politics
Schengen Area
Statistics
Visa policy
Economy
History
Financial (and social) rankings
Free trade areas
Energy
Telecommunications
Transport
Intergovernmental
Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA)
Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia (CUBKR)
Eurasian Economic Community (EAEC)
European Free Trade Association (EFTA)
Sovereign states by
Average wage
Budget revenues
per capita
Corruption index
GDP (nominal)
per capita
GDP (PPP)
per capita
GNI (nominal) per capita
GNI (PPP) per capita
HDI
Internet users (%)
Minimum wage
Press Freedom Index
Unemployment rate (%)
Health expense per capita
Military spending (%)
Childhood population (%)
Urban population (%)
Life expectancy
Electricity use per capita
Society
Etiquette
Social (and financial) rankings
Languages
endangered
Universities
Bologna Process
Erasmus
Culture
Art
painting
sculpture
Architecture
Capital of Culture
Cinema
film festivals
Classical music
Cuisine
Dance
Literature
Philosophy
Religion
Christianity
Islam
Judaism
Sport
Symbols
Demographics
Ageing
Ethnic groups
genetic history
Immigration
Life expectancy
Retirement
Outline
Index
Category
Portal
Maps
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Europe&oldid=860377956"
Categories:
Geography of Europe
Hidden categories:
Pages using deprecated image syntax
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from November 2010
Articles to be expanded from March 2011
All articles to be expanded
Articles using small message boxes
Articles containing video clips
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
বাংলা
भोजपुरी
Български
Català
Čeština
Cymraeg
Dansk
Deutsch
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Galego
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
Latina
Magyar
Македонски
Nederlands
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Polski
Português
Română
Rumantsch
Shqip
Slovenščina
Српски / srpski
Suomi
Svenska
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Việt
Wolof
Zazaki
中文
32 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 20 September 2018, at 07:51 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: caption

value: p

values: Europe orthographic Caucasus Urals boundary (with borders).svg

values:
/wiki/Geographical_centre_of_Europe
mw-redirect
Geographical centre of Europe

values: <video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Western_to_Eastern_Europe.ogv/854px--Western_to_Eastern_Europe.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" autoplay="" style="width:854px;height:286px" class="kskin" data-durationhint="35.75" data-startoffset="0" data-mwtitle="Western_to_Eastern_Europe.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/Western_to_Eastern_Europe.ogv/Western_to_Eastern_Europe.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-title="SD VP9 (480P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 480P" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="286" data-bandwidth="284672" data-framerate="12"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/Western_to_Eastern_Europe.ogv/Western_to_Eastern_Europe.ogv.480p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="SD WebM (480P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 480P" data-transcodekey="480p.webm" data-width="854" data-height="286" data-bandwidth="929360" data-framerate="12"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Western_to_Eastern_Europe.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-title="Original Ogg file, 1,240 × 414 (1.18 Mbps)" data-shorttitle="Ogg source" data-width="1240" data-height="414" data-bandwidth="1182114" data-framerate="12"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/Western_to_Eastern_Europe.ogv/Western_to_Eastern_Europe.ogv.120p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-title="Lowest bandwidth VP9 (120P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 120P" data-transcodekey="120p.vp9.webm" data-width="214" data-height="72" data-bandwidth="34760" data-framerate="12"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/Western_to_Eastern_Europe.ogv/Western_to_Eastern_Europe.ogv.160p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="Low bandwidth WebM (160P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 160P" data-transcodekey="160p.webm" data-width="288" data-height="96" data-bandwidth="116232" data-framerate="12"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/Western_to_Eastern_Europe.ogv/Western_to_Eastern_Europe.ogv.180p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-title="Low bandwidth VP9 (180P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 180P" data-transcodekey="180p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="106" data-bandwidth="64888" data-framerate="12"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/Western_to_Eastern_Europe.ogv/Western_to_Eastern_Europe.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-title="Small VP9 (240P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 240P" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="142" data-bandwidth="96184" data-framerate="12"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/Western_to_Eastern_Europe.ogv/Western_to_Eastern_Europe.ogv.240p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="Small WebM (240P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 240P" data-transcodekey="240p.webm" data-width="426" data-height="142" data-bandwidth="234200" data-framerate="12"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/Western_to_Eastern_Europe.ogv/Western_to_Eastern_Europe.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-title="VP9 (360P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 360P" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="214" data-bandwidth="169456" data-framerate="12"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/Western_to_Eastern_Europe.ogv/Western_to_Eastern_Europe.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="WebM (360P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 360P" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="214" data-bandwidth="466184" data-framerate="12"/></video>

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values: clear:left; float:left; margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 1.4em 0.8em 0;

values:
/wiki/Boundaries_between_continents
mw-redirect
Boundaries between continents

values:
/wiki/Iberian_peninsula
mw-redirect
Iberian peninsula

values:
/wiki/Absheron_peninsula
mw-redirect
Absheron peninsula

values:
/wiki/Balkan_peninsula
mw-redirect
Balkan peninsula

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2010)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Scandinavian_mountains
mw-redirect
Scandinavian mountains

values: plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content

values:
/wiki/Don_River_(Russia)
mw-redirect
Don River (Russia)

values:
/wiki/Belaya_(Aghidhel)_River
mw-redirect
Belaya (Aghidhel) River

values:
/wiki/Daugava_River
mw-redirect
Daugava River

values:
/wiki/Loire_(river)
mw-redirect
Loire (river)

values:
/wiki/Neman_River
mw-redirect
Neman River

values:
/wiki/Oder_(river)
mw-redirect
Oder (river)

values:
/wiki/Mure%C8%99_River
mw-redirect
Mureș River

values:
/wiki/Siret_River
mw-redirect
Siret River

values:
/wiki/Ialomi%C5%A3a_River
mw-redirect
Ialomiţa River

values:
/wiki/Drin_(river)
mw-redirect
Drin (river)

values: -moz-column-width: 20em; -webkit-column-width: 20em; column-width: 20em;

values:
/wiki/Zealand_(Denmark)
mw-redirect
Zealand (Denmark)

values:
/wiki/Northern_European_Lowlands
mw-redirect
Northern European Lowlands

values:
/wiki/Pannonian_Plain
mw-redirect
Pannonian Plain

values:
/wiki/Meseta_Central
mw-redirect
Meseta Central

values:
/wiki/Mount_Olympus_(Mountain)
mw-redirect
Mount Olympus (Mountain)

values: Edit section: Temperature and precipitation

values: Edit section: Countries consisting solely of islands or parts of islands

values: Edit section: Countries bordering or spanning another continent

values:
/wiki/Republic_of_Cyprus
mw-redirect
Republic of Cyprus

values:
/wiki/Aegean_islands
mw-redirect
Aegean islands

values:
/wiki/St._Pierre_et_Miquelon
mw-redirect
St. Pierre et Miquelon

values:
/wiki/St._Eustatius
mw-redirect
St. Eustatius

values: Edit section: Countries that share a name with their capital

values: Edit section: Countries whose capital is not the most populous

values:
/wiki/Greater_Milan
mw-redirect
Greater Milan

values:
/wiki/Metropolitan_Area
mw-redirect
Metropolitan Area

values:
/wiki/Brussels-Capital_Region
mw-redirect
Brussels-Capital Region

values: Edit section: List of countries by the number of other countries they border

values:
/wiki/French_overseas_departments
mw-redirect
French overseas departments

values: Overseas departments and territories of France

values:
/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Afro-Eurasia
mw-redirect
Extreme points of Afro-Eurasia

values:
/wiki/Explorers_of_Russia
mw-redirect
Explorers of Russia

values:
nofollow
http://www.rev.net/~aloe/river/
external text

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
/wiki/Geography_of_Monaco
mw-redirect
Geography of Monaco

values:
/wiki/Geography_of_the_Netherlands
mw-redirect
Geography of the Netherlands

values:
/wiki/Geography_of_Northern_Cyprus
mw-redirect
Geography of Northern Cyprus

values:
/wiki/Geography_of_South_Ossetia
mw-redirect
Geography of South Ossetia

values:
/wiki/Geography_of_Transnistria
mw-redirect
Geography of Transnistria

values:
/wiki/Geography_of_Gibraltar
mw-redirect
Geography of Gibraltar

values:
/wiki/Geography_of_Guernsey
mw-redirect
Geography of Guernsey

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values:
/wiki/Index_of_Europe-related_articles
mw-redirect
Index of Europe-related articles

values: Crisis situations and unrest in Europe since 2000

values: List of sovereign states by date of formation

values: List of predecessors of sovereign states in Europe

values: Area and population of European countries

values: List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe by population

values: GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development

values: Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

values: Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe statistics

values: Third-country economic relationships with the European Union

values: Educational policies and initiatives of the European Union

values: Future enlargement of the European Union

values:
/wiki/Visa_policy_in_the_European_Union
mw-redirect
Visa policy in the European Union

values: Financial and social rankings of sovereign states in Europe

values:
/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Europe
mw-redirect
Telecommunications in Europe

values: Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia

values: List of European countries by average wage

values: List of sovereign states in Europe by budget revenues

values: List of sovereign states in Europe by budget revenues per capita

values: List of sovereign states in Europe by Corruption Perceptions Index

values: List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (nominal)

values: List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (nominal) per capita

values: List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (PPP)

values: List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (PPP) per capita

values: List of sovereign states in Europe by GNI (nominal) per capita

values: List of sovereign states in Europe by GNI (PPP) per capita

values: List of sovereign states in Europe by Human Development Index

values: List of European countries by number of Internet users

values: List of European countries by minimum wage

values: List of sovereign states in Europe by Press Freedom Index

values: List of sovereign states in Europe by unemployment rate

values: European countries by health expense per person

values: European countries by military expenditure as a percentage of government expenditure

values: European countries by percent of population aged 0-14

values: European countries by percentage of urban population

values: List of European countries by life expectancy

values: European countries by electricity consumption per person

values: History of European research universities

values:
/wiki/European_literature
mw-redirect
European literature

values: Maps of present-day countries and dependencies

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values: Category:Pages using deprecated image syntax

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2010

values: Category:Articles to be expanded from March 2011

values: Category:Articles using small message boxes

values: Category:Articles containing video clips

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Geography_of_Europe
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: جغرافيا أوروبا – Arabic

values: ইউরোপের ভূগোল – Bangla

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bn
display: none;

values: यूरोप के भूगोल – Bhojpuri

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bh
display: none;

values: География на Европа – Bulgarian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cy
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values: جغرافیای اروپا – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: גאוגרפיה של אירופה – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-la
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values: Географија на Европа – Macedonian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-rm
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sq
display: none;

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values: ภูมิศาสตร์ยุโรป – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values: Географія Європи – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-wo
display: none;

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-diq badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Geography_of_Europe rootpage-Geography_of_Europe skin-vector action-view