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History of Rhode Island
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The history of Rhode Island includes the history of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations since pre-colonial times.
Contents
[hide]
1 Pre-colonization
2 Rhode Island Colony period: 1636–1776
2.1 Colonial relations with Indians
3 Revolutionary era 1775–1790
3.1 Slavery in Rhode Island
4 1790–1860
4.1 Industrial Revolution
4.2 Dorr Rebellion
5 Civil War
6 The Gilded Age
7 Since 1929
8 Population
9 See also
10 References
11 Bibliography
12 External links
Pre-colonization[edit]
King Philip's Seat, an Indian meeting place on Mount Hope, (Rhode Island)
Indian inhabitants occupied most of the area now known as Rhode Island, including the Wampanoag, Narragansett, and Niantic tribes.[1] Many Indians were killed by diseases, possibly contracted through contact with European settlers and explorers (though no definitive source has been proven), and through warfare with other tribes and with European settlers. The Narragansett language died out for many years but was partially preserved in Roger Williams's A Key into the Languages of America (1643).[2]
Rhode Island Colony period: 1636–1776[edit]
Main article: Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
The original 1636 deed to Providence, signed by Chief Canonicus
In 1636, Roger Williams settled on land granted to him by the Narragansett tribe at the tip of Narragansett Bay after being banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious views. He called the site "Providence Plantations" and declared it a place of religious freedom.
In 1638, Anne Hutchinson, William Coddington, John Clarke, Philip Sherman, and other religious dissidents settled on Rhode Island after conferring with Williams,[3] forming the settlement of Portsmouth which was governed by the Portsmouth Compact. The southern part of the island became the separate settlement of Newport after disagreements among the founders.
Dissident Samuel Gorton purchased Indian lands at Shawomet in 1642, precipitating a dispute with the Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1644, Providence, Portsmouth, and Newport united for their common independence as the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, governed by an elected council and president. Gorton received a separate charter for his settlement in 1648, which he named Warwick after his patron.[4] The union of these four towns was strengthened by the Royal Charter of 1663. Critics at the time sometimes referred to the Colony as "Rogue's Island",[5] and Cotton Mather called it "the sewer of New England" because of the Colony's willingness to accept people who had been banished from Massachusetts Bay.[6]
In 1686, King James II ordered Rhode Island to submit to the Dominion of New England and its appointed governor Edmund Andros. This suspended the Colony's charter, but Rhode Island still managed to retain possession of it until Andros was deposed and the Dominion was dissolved.[7] William of Orange became King after the Glorious Revolution of 1688, and Rhode Island's independent government resumed under the 1663 charter, which was used as the state constitution until 1842.[8]
In 1693, William III and Mary II issued a patent extending Rhode Island's territory to three miles "east and northeast" of Narragansett Bay, conflicting with the claims of Plymouth Colony.[9] This resulted in several later transfers of territory between Rhode Island and Massachusetts.
Colonial relations with Indians[edit]
Roger Williams meeting with the Narragansetts
The early relationship between New Englanders and Indians was mostly peaceable. The largest tribes that lived near Rhode Island were the Wampanoags, Pequots, Narragansetts, and Nipmucks. Squanto was a member of the Wampanoag tribe who stayed with the Pilgrims in Plymouth Colony and taught them many valuable skills needed to survive in the area.
Roger Williams won the respect of his Colonial neighbors for his skill in keeping the powerful Narragansetts on friendly terms with the Colonists. In 1637, the Narragansetts formed an alliance with Rhode Island during the Pequot War. However, this peace did not last long, as the most traumatic event in 17th century Rhode Island was King Philip's War (1675–76). Metacomet, the chief of the Wampanoag Indians, was known as King Philip by the settlers of Portsmouth who had purchased their land from his father Massasoit. He led attacks around Narragansett Bay, despite Rhode Island's continued neutrality, and later these spread throughout New England. A force of Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Plymouth militia under General Josiah Winslow invaded and destroyed the fortified Narragansett Indian village in the Great Swamp in southern Rhode Island on December 19, 1675.[10] The Narragansetts also invaded and burned down several of the Rhode Island settlements, including Providence, although they allowed the population to leave first. In one of the final actions of the war, troops from Connecticut led by Captain Benjamin Church hunted down and killed King Philip at Mount Hope.
Revolutionary era 1775–1790[edit]
William Ellery
Governor Joseph Wanton (being doused with punch and vomit) and other prominent Rhode Island merchants in "Sea Captains Carousing in Surinam," a 1755 painting
Rhode Island was the first British colony in America to formally declare its independence, doing so on May 4, 1776, a full two months before the national Declaration of Independence.[11] Previously, Rhode Islanders attacked the British warship HMS Gaspee in 1772 as one of the first overt acts of rebellion in America. British naval forces under Captain James Wallace controlled Narragansett Bay for much of the Revolution, periodically raiding the islands and the mainland. The British raided Prudence Island for livestock and engaged in a skirmish with American forces, losing approximately a dozen soldiers. Newport remained a hotbed for Tory or Loyalist sympathizers who assisted the British forces. The state appointed General William West of Scituate to root out Tories in the winter of 1775–76. British forces eventually occupied Newport from 1777 to 1778, causing the colonial forces to flee to Bristol.
The Battle of Rhode Island was fought during the summer of 1778 and was an unsuccessful attempt to expel the British from Narragansett Bay, although few colonial casualties occurred. The Marquis de Lafayette called the action the "best fought" of the war. The following year, the British wanted to concentrate their forces in New York and consequently abandoned Newport.
In 1780, the French under Rochambeau landed in Newport and, for the rest of the war, Newport was the base of the French forces in the United States. The French soldiers behaved themselves so well that, in gratitude, the Rhode Island General Assembly repealed an old law banning Catholics from living in Rhode Island. The first Catholic mass in Rhode Island was said in Newport during this time.
Rhode Island was the last of the original 13 states to ratify the United States Constitution (May 29, 1790), only doing so after being threatened with having its exports taxed as a foreign nation. Rural resistance to the Constitution was strong in Rhode Island, and the anti-federalist Country Party controlled the General Assembly from 1786 to 1790. In 1788, anti-federalist politician and revolutionary general William West led an armed force of 1,000 men to Providence to oppose a July 4 celebration of the state ratifying the Constitution.[12] Civil war was narrowly averted by a compromise limiting the Fourth of July celebration.
Slavery in Rhode Island[edit]
a typical 19th-century Rhode Island farm in North Smithfield
Moses Brown. Portrait by Martin Johnson Heade
Rhode Island was heavily involved in the slave trade during the post-Revolution era, prior to industrialization. In 1652, Rhode Island passed the first abolition law in the thirteen colonies, banning African slavery,[13] but the law was not enforced by the end of the 17th century. By 1774, the slave population of RI was 6.3%, nearly twice as high as any other New England colony. In the late 18th century, several Rhode Island merchant families began actively engaging in the triangle slave trade, most notably the Browns, for whom Brown University is named. In the years after the Revolution, Rhode Island merchants controlled between 60 and 90 percent of the American trade in African slaves.[14] In the 18th century, Rhode Island's economy depended largely upon the triangle trade, where Rhode Islanders distilled rum from molasses, sent the rum to Africa to trade for slaves, and then traded the slaves in the West Indies for more molasses.
Stephen Hopkins introduced a bill while serving in the Rhode Island Assembly in 1774 that prohibited the importation of slaves into the colony. This became one of the first anti-slavery laws in the United States. In February 1784, the Rhode Island Legislature passed a compromise measure for gradual emancipation of slaves within Rhode Island. All children of slaves born after March 1 were to be "apprentices," the girls to become free at 18, the boys at 21. By 1840, the census reported only five African Americans enslaved in Rhode Island.[14]
Despite the antislavery laws of 1774, 1784, and 1787, an international slave trade continued. In 1789, an Abolition Society was organized to secure enforcement of existing laws against the trade. Leading merchants continued to engage in the trade even after it became illegal, especially John Brown and George DeWolf. After 1770, slaving was never more than a minor aspect of Rhode Island's overall maritime trade.[15]
Rhode Island manufactured numerous textiles throughout the early 19th century using southern cotton cultivated with slave labor—as did all other American textile manufacturers of the time.[16] By the mid-19th century, many Rhode Islanders were active in the abolitionist movement, particularly Quakers in Newport and Providence such as Moses Brown.[17]
1790–1860[edit]
Industrial Revolution[edit]
Samuel Slater (1768–1835) popularly called "The Father of the American Industrial Revolution"
In 1790, English immigrant Samuel Slater founded the first textile mill in the United States in Pawtucket, Rhode Island (Slater Mill) and became known as the father of the American industrial revolution. During the 19th century, Rhode Island became one of the most industrialized states in the United States with large numbers of textile factories. The state also had significant machine tool, silverware, and costume jewelry industries.[18]
Dorr Rebellion[edit]
Main article: Dorr Rebellion
The Industrial Revolution moved large numbers of workers into cities and attracted large numbers of immigrants from Ireland, and a permanently landless—and therefore voteless—class developed. By 1829, 60% of the state's white men were ineligible to vote. All efforts at reform failed in the face of rural control of the political system. In 1842, Thomas Dorr drafted a liberal constitution which he tried to ratify by popular referendum. However, conservative Governor Samuel Ward King opposed the constitution, leading to the Dorr Rebellion. The Rebellion gained little support and failed, and Dorr went to prison. The conservative elements relented, however, and allowed most American-born men to vote, but the conservative rural towns remained in control of the legislature.[19]
Civil War[edit]
Main article: Rhode Island in the American Civil War
During the American Civil War, Rhode Island furnished 25,236 fighting men to the Union armies, of which 1,685 died. These comprised 12 infantry regiments, three cavalry regiments, and an assortment of artillery and miscellaneous outfits. Rhode Island used its industrial capacity to supply the Union Army with the materials needed to win the war, along with the other northern states. Rhode Island's continued growth and modernization led to the creation of an urban mass transit system and improved health and sanitation programs. In 1866, Rhode Island abolished racial segregation throughout the state.[20] Governor William Sprague IV fought at the First Battle of Bull Run while a sitting governor, and Rhode Island general Ambrose Burnside emerged as one of the major heroes of the war.
The Gilded Age[edit]
Nelson W. Aldrich pushed for protectionist tariffs
The fifty or so years following the Civil War were a time of prosperity and affluence that author William G. McLoughlin called "Rhode Island's halcyon era."[21] Rhode Island was a center of the Gilded Age and provided a home (or summer home) to the many of the country's most prominent robber barons.[21] This was a time of incredible growth in textile mills and manufacturing, and saw a huge influx of immigrants to fill those jobs.[21] The state saw increased population growth and urbanization, even as the state denied the growing urban masses access to political power.[21] In politics, the state was dominated by Republicans allied with their mouthpiece newspaper, The Providence Journal.[21] The Journal's editor Henry B. Anthony and his later protege Nelson Aldrich, along with war hero Ambrose Burnside, all Republicans, dominated politics during this time. Aldrich, as US Senator, became known as the "General Manager of the United States," for his ability to set high tariffs to protect Rhode Island — and American — goods from foreign competition.[21]
In Newport, New York's wealthiest industrialists created a summer haven to socialize and build ostentatious grand mansions.[21] In Providence, Pawtucket, Central Falls, and Woonsocket, thousands of French-Canadian, Italian, Irish, and Portuguese immigrants arrived to fill jobs in the textile and manufacturing mills.[21] In response, the Know Nothing party, allied with the Republicans and the Providence Journal, sought to exclude these newcomers from the political process.[21] The constitution of 1843 denied the vote to the landless poor, and ensured that urban centers were disproportionately underrepresented in the state legislature.[21]
Around the start of the 20th century, Rhode Island had a booming economy, which fed the demand for immigration. During World War I, Rhode Island furnished 28,817 troops, of whom 612 died. After the war, the state was hit hard by the Spanish Influenza.[22]
In the 1920s and 30s, rural Rhode Island saw a surge in Ku Klux Klan membership, largely among the native-born white population, in reaction to the large waves of immigrants moving to the state. The Klan is believed to be responsible for burning the Watchman Industrial School in Scituate, Rhode Island, which was a school for African American children.[23]
Since 1929[edit]
U.S. Senator and Governor, T.F. Green
In 1935, Governor Theodore Francis Green and Democratic majorities in the state House and Senate replaced a Republican dominance that had existed since the middle of the 19th century in what is termed the "Bloodless Revolution." The Rhode Island Democratic Party has dominated state politics ever since.[24][25] Since then, the Speaker of the House has always been a Democrat and one of the most powerful figures in government.
The Democratic Party presents itself as a coalition of labor unions, working class immigrants, intellectuals, college students, and the rising ethnic middle class. The Republican Party has been dominant in rural and suburban parts of the state, and has nominated occasional reform candidates who criticize the state's high taxes and excesses of Democratic domination. Cranston Mayors Edward D. DiPrete and Stephen Laffey, Governor Donald Carcieri of East Greenwich, and former Mayor Vincent A. "Buddy" Cianci of Providence ran as Republican reform candidates.
The state income tax was first enacted in 1971 as a temporary measure. Prior to 1971, there was no income tax in the state, but the temporary income tax soon became permanent. The tax burden in Rhode Island remains among the five highest in the United States, including sales, gasoline, property, cigarette, corporate, and capital gains taxes.[26][27]
Rhode Islanders have overwhelmingly supported and re-elected Democrats to positions of authority, where issues are promoted involving education, health care, and liberal causes. As of 2014[update] Rhode Island has heavily Democrat-controlled legislatures; both U.S. Senators and Congressmen, and all statewide offices are held by Democrats. The state has been carried by Democrat presidential candidates in every election since 1988.[28]
Population[edit]
Historical population
Census
Pop.
%±
1790 68,825 —
1800 69,122 0.4%
1810 76,931 11.3%
1820 83,059 8.0%
1830 97,199 17.0%
1840 108,830 12.0%
1850 147,545 35.6%
1860 174,620 18.4%
1870 217,353 24.5%
1880 276,531 27.2%
1890 345,506 24.9%
1900 428,556 24.0%
1910 542,610 26.6%
1920 604,397 11.4%
1930 687,497 13.7%
2010 1,052,567 —
See also[edit]
British Empire portal
United Kingdom portal
England portal
United States portal
North America portal
Rhode Island portal
Main article: Historical outline of Rhode Island
Ratification of the United States Constitution by Rhode Island
History of New England
Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
Thirteen Colonies
List of newspapers in Rhode Island in the 18th century
Timeline of Rhode Island[29]
Timeline of Newport, Rhode Island
Timeline of Providence, Rhode Island
Regarding border disputes
Washington County, Rhode Island
Bristol County, Rhode Island
History of Massachusetts
History of Connecticut
References[edit]
Jump up ^ O'Brien, Francis J. (2004) Bibliography for Studies of American Indians in and Around Rhode Island, 16th – 21st Centuries
Jump up ^ berkeley.edu website
Jump up ^ This is the largest island in Narragansett Bay, called Aquidneck Island today.
Jump up ^ Charter of Rhode Island (1663)
Jump up ^ Marty, Martin E. (1985-08-06). Pilgrims in Their Own Land: 500 Years of Religion in America. Penguin (Non-Classics). p. 77. ISBN 0-14-008268-9.
Jump up ^ Mike Stanton, "Rhode Island: The Story Behind the Numbers," http://www.stateintegrity.org/rhodeisland_story_subpage
Jump up ^ Alan Taylor, American Colonies, (2001), pp. 276–284
Jump up ^ Sean Wilentz, The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln, (2005), p. 540.
Jump up ^ The Rhode Islander: The border is ... where? Part II
Jump up ^ King Philip's War Archived 2007-10-26 at the Wayback Machine. in historyplace.com
Jump up ^ The North American Review, "Hunter's Oration," Published by Oliver Everett, 1826, Item notes: v.23(1826), pg.457 [1]
Jump up ^ William R. Staples, Annals of the Town of Providence from its First Settlement to the Organization of the City Government in June 1832 (Providence, 1843), p. 332 (Rhode Island Historical Society Collections, accessed on Google Book Search July 18, 2008)
Jump up ^ John Carter Brown Library Exhibitions
^ Jump up to: a b Slavery in Rhode Island
Jump up ^ J. Stanley Lemons, "Rhode Island and the Slave Trade," Rhode Island History, Nov 2002, Vol. 60 Issue 4, pp 94–104,
Jump up ^ Providence Journal | Rhode Island news, sports, weather & more – Providence Journal
Jump up ^ Providence Journal | Rhode Island news, sports, weather & more – Providence Journal
Jump up ^ Peter J. Coleman, The Transformation of Rhode Island, 1790–1860 (1963).
Jump up ^ George M. Dennison, The Dorr War: Republicanism on Trial, 1831–1861 (1976)
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2006-02-03. Retrieved 2006-03-28. Accessed 3/28/06
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j McLoughlin, William G (1986). Rhode Island: A History. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. pp. 148–168. ISBN 0393302717.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2006-03-02. Retrieved 2006-03-28. Accessed 3/28/06
Jump up ^ Robert Smith, In The 1920s the Klan Ruled the Countryside, The Rhode Island Century, The Providence Journal, 4/26/1999
Jump up ^ MacKay, Scott (23 May 2010). "Fighting Bob Quinn and the Bloodless Revolution". RIPR website. Rhode Island Public Radio. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
Jump up ^ Nesi, Ted (1 January 2013). "New Year's Day marks 78 years since RI 'Bloodless Revolution'". WPRI.com. WPRI Eyewitness News. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
Jump up ^ "CHAPTER VIII, The Era of Transition. 1946–1983". State of Rhode Island General Assembly. 2009-12-29. Archived from the original on 2012-09-02.
Jump up ^ Fred Brock, Retire on Less Than You Think: The New York Times Guide to Planning Your Financial Future (Macmillan, 2007) https://books.google.com/books?id=xkJvS7juYXwC&source=gbs_navlinks_s
Jump up ^ Ronald J. Hrebenar, S. Thomas Clive S. Thomas Interest Group Politics (Penn State Press, 2004) pg. 301–305 ISBN 027102576X, 9780271025766 https://books.google.com/books?id=CH5bjzuQ2eAC&source=gbs_navlinks_s
Jump up ^ Federal Writers' Project (1937), "Chronology", Rhode Island, American Guide Series, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, OCLC 691847
Bibliography[edit]
Aubin, Albert K. The French in Rhode Island (Rhode Island Heritage Commission, 1988).
Coleman, Peter J. The Transformation of Rhode Island, 1790–1860 (1963). online edition
Conley, Patrick T. The Irish in Rhode Island (Rhode Island Heritage Commission, 1988).
Coughtry, Jay A. The Notorious Triangle: Rhode Island and the African Slave Trade, 1700–1807 (1981).
Crane, Elaine Forman. A Dependent People: Newport, Rhode Island in the Revolutionary Era (Fordham University Press, (1992) online edition
Dennison, George M. The Dorr War: Republicanism on Trial, 1831–1861 (1976) online edition
Field, Edward. State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (3 vols. 1902).
Hall, Donald, foreword, Feintuch, Burt and Watters, David H., editors, Encyclopedia of New England (2005), comprehensive coverage by scholars
James, Sidney V. Colonial Rhode Island: A History (1975).
Levine, Erwin L. Theodore Francis Green, The Rhode Island Years (Brown University Press, 1963)
Lockard, Duane. New England State Politics (1959) pp 172–227; covers 1932–1958
Lovejoy, David. Rhode Island Politics and the American Revolution, 1760–1776 (1958). online edition
McLoughlin, William G. Rhode Island: A History (States and the Nation) (1976) excerpt and text search
Mayer, Kurt B. Economic Development and Population Growth in Rhode Island (1953).
Moakley, Maureen, and Elmer Cornwell. Rhode Island Politics and Government (2001) online edition
Morse, J. (1797). "Rhode Island". The American Gazetteer. Boston, Massachusetts: At the presses of S. Hall, and Thomas & Andrews.
Peirce, Neal R. The New England States: People, Politics, and Power in the Six New England States (1976) pp 141–81; updated in Neal R. Peirce and Jerry Hagstrom, The Book of America: Inside the Fifty States Today (1983) pp 187–92
Polishook, Irwin. Rhode Island and the Union (1969).
Preston, Howard W. Rhode Island and the Sea (1932).
Santoro, Carmela E. The Italians in Rhode Island: The Age of Exploration to the Present, 1524–1989 (Rhode Island Heritage Commission, 1990),
Weeden, William B. Early Rhode Island: A Social History of the People (1910).
Withey, Lynne E. Urban Growth in Colonial Rhode Island: Newport and Providence in the Eighteenth Century (1984).
WPA (Works Progress Administration). Rhode Island: A Guide to the Smallest State (1937), famous guide to state & every town & city
External links[edit]
O'Brien, Francis J. (2004) Bibliography for Studies of American Indians in and Around Rhode Island, 16th – 21st Centuries
Providence Journal
Rhode Island History
Rhode Island Naval History
1853 History of Rhode Island (full text online)
State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations at the end of the century by Edward Field. History of the state, published in 1902. (Full text available online.)
1663 charter
Indian Place Names
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Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Pete Hewitt
Produced by
Scott Kroopf
Written by
Chris Matheson
Ed Solomon
Starring
Keanu Reeves
Alex Winter
William Sadler
Joss Ackland
George Carlin
Music by
David Newman
Cinematography
Oliver Wood
Edited by
David Finfer
Production
company
Nelson Entertainment
Interscope Communications
Distributed by
Orion Pictures
Release date
July 19, 1991
Running time
93 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$20 million[1]
Box office
$38 million (US)[2]
Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey is a 1991 American science fiction comedy film, and the directing debut of Pete Hewitt. It is the second film in the Bill & Ted franchise, and a sequel to Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989). Keanu Reeves, Alex Winter and George Carlin reprise their roles.[3] The film's original working title was Bill & Ted Go to Hell[4] and the film's soundtrack featured the song "Go to Hell" by Megadeth, which Dave Mustaine wrote for the film. Despite mixed reviews from film critics, like its predecessor, the film has since gained a cult following.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Soundtrack
4 Reception
5 Marvel Comics adaptation
6 Sequel
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
The music of Bill and Ted's band, Wyld Stallyns, has created a utopian future society. Chuck De Nomolos, who detests this society, steals one of the time-traveling phone booths and sends two robots modeled after Bill and Ted back to the late 20th century to prevent Bill and Ted from winning the San Dimas Battle of the Bands. Rufus attempts to stop De Nomolos but seemingly becomes lost in the circuits of time.
In the present, two years after Bill and Ted first traveled through time, Wyld Stallyns is preparing for the contest. Though Bill and Ted's current fiancées and former 15th-century princesses Elizabeth and Joanna have become skilled musicians, Bill and Ted are still inept. Despite this, the organizer Ms. Wardroe assures them a slot in the contest as the final act. Bill's stepmother Missy divorces his father in favor of Ted's, who threatens Ted with military school should they fail the Battle of the Bands. Evil Bill and Evil Ted arrive and the robots eventually replace Bill and Ted, killing them by throwing the two over the side of a cliff at Vasquez Rocks. The robots behave rudely to the princesses and work to ruin the duo's fame.
Bill and Ted's souls are met by Death who challenges them in a game for their souls. Bill and Ted escape after giving Death a "melvin". They attempt to alert their families but their ethereal forms prove difficult, and at one point, are cast down into Hell at a séance held by Missy. In Hell, they are tormented by Satan, made to face their own fears, manifesting as Col Oates, the Easter Bunny, and Granny S. Preston, and realize their only escape is to take Death's offer. Taken to Death's chambers, the spirit gives them the option of what game to play. Bill and Ted, to Death's dismay, select modern games like Battleship, Clue and Twister,[5] easily beating Death. Death admits defeat and unwillingly becomes their servant. Bill and Ted recognize they need to locate the smartest person in the universe to help build robots to counter De Nomolos' evil robots. Death escorts the two to Heaven, and with God's help, are directed to an alien named Station who has the ability to split into two identical twins, and readily offers to help Bill and Ted.
Death brings them back to the mortal world, where it is the night of the Battle of the Bands. Bill and Ted take Station to a hardware store, and then race in their van back to the concert while Station constructs good robots. Just as the evil robots take the stage, Bill and Ted arrive, and Station's robots easily defeat the evil ones. De Nomolos appears in the time booth, ready to defeat Bill and Ted himself, and overrides the broadcasting equipment to send the video footage of this to everyone on the planet. The two recognize they can later go back in time to arrange events for De Nomolos to be trapped in the present, aided by Death and Station; though De Nomolos is apparently able to do the same, Bill and Ted gain the upper hand with the explanation that it is only the winners who get to go back, and De Nomolos is arrested by Ted's father. Ms. Wardroe reveals herself to be a disguised Rufus, having assured Bill and Ted's spot in the concert, and urges them to play.
As Bill and Ted reunite with their fiancées, they realize they are still terrible musicians, and the four use the time booth; though they return immediately, "an intense 16 months of guitar training plus a two week honeymoon" have passed for them, they have married the princesses and each is raising a young infant "Little Ted" and "Little Bill". They begin to perform a stunning rock ballad, joined by Death, Station, and the good robots. The worldwide broadcast set by De Nomolos continues, and Wyld Stallyns' music is played across the globe, creating harmony. Over the credits, it's shown through newspaper articles that the band, along with Death, go through many perks of fame before eventually taking their act to Mars.
Cast[edit]
Alex Winter as William "Bill" S. Preston, Esq./Evil Bill/Granny S. Preston, Esq.
Keanu Reeves as Ted "Theodore" Logan/Evil Ted
William Sadler as Death[6] (The Grim Reaper)/Englishman
Joss Ackland as Chuck De Nomolos
George Carlin as Rufus
Pam Grier as Ms. Wardroe
Annette Azcuy as Elizabeth
Sarah Trigger as Joanna
Hal Landon Jr. as Captain Logan, Ted's father
Amy Stock-Poynton as Missy, Bill's soon-to-be ex-stepmother
Ed Gale and Arturo Gil as Station
Tom Allard as Big Station
Frank Welker as the voices of Satan, The Easter Bunny and Station (uncredited)
Soundtrack[edit]
Main article: Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey: Music from the Motion Picture
As was particularly common at the time, the soundtrack album focuses on the rock music heard throughout the film. An album of the |full orchestral score by David Newman would not become available until 2007.
The song Bill and Ted play for the battle of the bands is "Final Guitar Solo" by Steve Vai, which he wrote to help blend into "God Gave Rock 'N' Roll to You II" by Kiss, although they appear similar in appearance to Dusty Hill and Billy Gibbons from ZZ Top.
When Bill and Ted are asked "What is the meaning of life?" they reply with the lyrics from "Every Rose Has Its Thorn" by Poison.[citation needed]
Reception[edit]
Critical reception to the movie was mixed. Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 54% of 48 surveyed critics gave Bogus Journey a positive review; the average rating was 6/10. The film's consensus states: "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey has the same stars – and cheerfully wacky sense of humor – as its predecessor, but they prove a far less effective combination the second time around."[7]
Desson Howe of The Washington Post called it "an entertaining, surreal journey" that is "funnier and livelier than the original."[8] Janet Maslin of The New York Times called it "amusing but sloppy and overcomplicated".[9] Roger Ebert gave the film 3 out of a possible 4 stars, writing, "It's the kind of movie where you start out snickering in spite of yourself, and end up actually admiring the originality that went into creating this hallucinatory slapstick."[10] (Ebert did not see or review the first film.) Dave Kehr, then of the Chicago Tribune, also gave the film 3 stars. He stated that it is unusual for an Ingmar Bergman parody to show up in a teen comedy and referred to the film as a "genuine pleasure."[11] Gene Siskel, also of the Tribune, gave the film only 2½ stars, but did believe the second film to be better than the first.[11] Leonard Maltin also gave Bogus Journey 2½ stars, a half-star more than he gave to Excellent Adventure.[12] Variety wrote that the film has "a few triumphant moments, but not enough to sustain pic's running time."[13]
Marvel Comics adaptation[edit]
To coincide with the release of the movie, Marvel Comics released a one-shot comic book adaptation of the movie, hiring Evan Dorkin to adapt the screenplay and pencil the art. Like Archie Goodwin's adaptation of the first Star Wars film, Dorkin worked from the original script, which included many of the deleted scenes, and portrayed Death as the archetypal skeletal figure. Due to the popularity of the comic, Marvel commissioned a spin-off series, Bill & Ted's Excellent Comic Book, which kept the talents of Dorkin, DeStefano and Severin. The series ran for 12 issues, featuring original stories. The first arc features negative results from Death's decision to take a vacation.
Sequel[edit]
Main article: Bill & Ted Face the Music
In 2010, Reeves indicated that Matheson and Solomon were working on a script for a third film,[14] confirming in April 2011 that a draft was complete.[15] Winter said in March 2012 that he and Reeves both like the finished script, which revisits the two characters after the changes of the past twenty years. Despite the script being finished and satisfied by both parties, no specific filming dates have been named.[16] In April 2016, Winter said that he hoped the film would begin production in 2017.[17] Reeves gave an update on the film in February 2017 and said a story has been written for the third film. “Basically, they’re supposed to write a song to save the world and they haven’t done that. The pressure of having to save the world, their marriages are falling apart, their kids are kind of mad at them, and then someone comes from the future and tells them if they don’t write the song it’s not just the world, it’s the universe. So they have to save the universe because time is breaking apart.”[18] On May 8, 2018, The Hollywood Reporter confirmed that a third film, Bill & Ted: Face the Music, was officially in pre-production with Dean Parisot directing. No release date has been announced yet.[19]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey". The Numbers. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ Wilmington, Michael (July 19, 1991). "Bill & Ted's Excellent Sequel". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 22, 2010.
Jump up ^ Schoemer;, Karen (July 14, 1991). "FILM; Hey, Dudes, What's the Scoop This Time?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ Flanagan, Andrew (May 8, 2018). "Strange Things Are Afoot: Bill And Ted Set To Return As Dad Rockers". NPR. Retrieved May 9, 2018. Where Bogus Journey centralized a parody of Ingmar Bergman's The Seventh Seal — pitting the dudes against a pale-faced Death over games of Clue, Twister and Battleship — the new film...
Jump up ^ Bernstein, Sharon (July 27, 1991). "'Bill & Ted's' Grim Reaper Is a Vegetarian and Songwriter". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey (1991)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ Howe, Desson (July 26, 1991). "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey". Washington Post. Retrieved September 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ Maslin, Janet (July 19, 1991). "Review/Film; Bill and Ted Go About Co-opting Father Death". The New York Times. Retrieved August 8, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Bill and Ted's Bogus Journey". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Chicago Tribune, July 19, 1991
Jump up ^ Maltin, Leonard. Leonard Maltin's 1998 Movie & Video Guide. New York: Signet Books, 1997, p. 118.
Jump up ^ "Review: 'Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey'". Variety. 1991. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Reeve talks new 'Bill and Ted' adventure". Yahoo! Movies. September 20, 2010. Archived from the original on September 23, 2010. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ Franich, Darren (April 11, 2011). "'Bill & Ted 3' screenplay actually exists, according to Bill". Retrieved February 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ "'Bill & Ted' Sequel: 'There Probably Will Be Another One'". March 9, 2012. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Bill & Ted 3 is finally going into production". consequenceofsound.net. April 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Keanu Reeves confirms new Bill & Ted movie, and it's got a bonkers plot". consequenceofsound.net. February 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ritman, Alex (May 8, 2018). "'Bill & Ted Face the Music' is actually happening, some 29 years after the duo's first excellent adventure". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved May 8, 2018.
External links[edit]
Film in the United States portal
1990s portal
Comedy portal
Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey on IMDb
Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey at AllMovie
Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey at Rotten Tomatoes
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Bill & Ted
Films
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Television
Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures (animated series)
Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures (live-action series)
Music
Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey: Music from the Motion Picture
Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
"God Gave Rock and Roll to You"
Video games
Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989)
Bill & Ted's Excellent Game Boy Adventure: A Bogus Journey!
Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure (1991)
Bill & Ted's Excellent Video Game Adventure
Related topics
Bill & Ted's Excellent Comic Book
Bill & Ted's Excellent Cereal
hide
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Films directed by Peter Hewitt
Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey (1991)
Tom and Huck (1995)
The Borrowers (1997)
Whatever Happened to Harold Smith? (1999)
Princess of Thieves (2001)
Thunderpants (2002)
Garfield: The Movie (2004)
Zoom (2006)
The Maiden Heist (2009)
Home Alone: The Holiday Heist (2012)
Mostly Ghostly: Have You Met My Ghoulfriend? (2014)
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Now That's What I Call Music 6 (UK series)
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This article describes the sixth album in the UK Now! series. It should not be confused with identically-numbered albums from other Now! series. For more information, see Now That's What I Call Music! 6 and Now That's What I Call Music! discography.
Now That's What I Call Music 6
Compilation album by various artists
Released
25 November 1985
Genre
Pop
Length
1:58:00
Label
Virgin / EMI
Series chronology
Now That's What I Call Music 5
(1985) Now That's What I Call Music 6
(1985) Now That's What I Call Music 7
(1986)
Now That's What I Call Music 6 or Now 6 was released in 1985 on vinyl and audio cassette. The album is the sixth edition of the Now! series in the United Kingdom. It debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart.
Contents
[hide]
1 Track listing
1.1 Record/Tape 1 Side 1 (1)
1.2 Record/Tape 1 Side 2 (2)
1.3 Record/Tape 2 Side 1 (3)
1.4 Record/Tape 2 Side 2 (4)
2 Video selection
3 Charts
4 References
5 External links
Track listing[edit]
Record/Tape 1 Side 1 (1)[edit]
No.
Title
Artist
Length
1. "One Vision" Queen 4:02
2. "When a Heart Beats" Nik Kershaw 4:26
3. "A Good Heart" Feargal Sharkey 4:28
4. "There Must Be an Angel (Playing with My Heart)" Eurythmics 4:31
5. "Alive and Kicking" Simple Minds 4:33
6. "It's Only Love" Bryan Adams & Tina Turner 3:17
7. "Empty Rooms" Gary Moore 4:13
8. "Lavender" Marillion 3:41
Record/Tape 1 Side 2 (2)[edit]
No.
Title
Artist
Length
1. "Nikita" Elton John 4:49
2. "Running Up That Hill" Kate Bush 4:59
3. "Something About You" Level 42 3:39
4. "We Don't Need Another Hero (Thunderdome)" Tina Turner 4:14
5. "Don't Break My Heart" UB40 3:49
6. "Separate Lives" Phil Collins & Marilyn Martin 4:09
7. "She's So Beautiful" Cliff Richard 4:12
Record/Tape 2 Side 1 (3)[edit]
No.
Title
Artist
Length
1. "Election Day" Arcadia 4:27
2. "I Got You Babe" UB40 & Chrissie Hynde 3:09
3. "Blue" Fine Young Cannibals 3:29
4. "If I Was" Midge Ure 4:40
5. "Cities in Dust" Siouxsie and the Banshees 4:01
6. "Uncle Sam" Madness 3:06
7. "Lost Weekend" Lloyd Cole and the Commotions 3:15
8. "You Are My World" The Communards 4:31
Record/Tape 2 Side 2 (4)[edit]
No.
Title
Artist
Length
1. "Just For Money" Paul Hardcastle 4:08
2. "Miami Vice Theme" Jan Hammer 2:28
3. "Body Rock" Maria Vidal 3:40
4. "Tarzan Boy" Baltimora 3:43
5. "Body and Soul" Mai Tai 3:30
6. "Single Life" Cameo 3:54
7. "Mated" Jaki Graham & David Grant 3:49
Video selection[edit]
A video selection was also released featuring selected tracks from the main album and five which did not appear on any Now album.
Queen : "One Vision"
Fergal Sharkey : "A Good Heart"
Kate Bush : "Running Up that Hill (A Deal With God)"
UB40 featuring Chrissie Hynde : "I Got You Babe"
Madness : "Uncle Sam"
Marillion : "Lavender"
Bryan Adams & Tina Turner : "It's Only Love"
Pet Shop Boys : "West End Girls" †
Thompson Twins : "King for a Day" †
Simple Minds : "Alive and Kicking"
Depeche Mode : "It's Called A Heart" †
David Grant And Jaki Graham : "Mated"
Gary Moore : "Empty Rooms"
The Cult : "Revolution" †
Baltimora : "Tarzan Boy"
Ian Dury : "Profoundly In Love With Pandora" †
Cliff Richard : "She's So Beautiful"
UB40 : "Don't Break My Heart"
Arcadia : "Election Day"
† Never appeared on any NOW album
Charts[edit]
Chart (1985-1986)
Peak
position
UK Albums Chart[1] 1
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Archive Chart (Albums Archive)". The Official Charts Company. Retrieved 29 December 2013.
External links[edit]
Official website
Now That's What I Call Music 6 front- and backcover
Preceded by
The Greatest Hits of 1985 by Various artists
Now - The Christmas Album by Various artists UK number-one album
1 December 1985 – 14 December 1985
29 December 1985 – 11 January 1986 Succeeded by
Now - The Christmas Album by Various artists
Brothers in Arms by Dire Straits
[hide]
v
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Now That's What I Call Music! albums
United Kingdom
and Ireland
Now That's What I Call Music
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United States
Now
2
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Australia
Now 01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
Winter 2005
Spring 2005
Summer 2006
Autumn 2006
Winter 2006
Spring 2006
Summer 2007
Autumn 2007
Winter 2007
Spring 2007
Summer 2008
Autumn 2008
Winter 2008
Spring 2008
Summer 2009
Autumn 2009
Winter 2009
Spring 2009
Summer 2010
Autumn 2010
Winter 2010
Spring 2010
Summer 2011
Autumn 2011
Winter 2011
Spring 2011
Summer 2012
Canada
Now!
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Now_That%27s_What_I_Call_Music_6_(UK_series)&oldid=799270290"
Categories:
1985 compilation albums
Now That's What I Call Music! albums (British series)
EMI Records compilation albums
Virgin Records compilation albums
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values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

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values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

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values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

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values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

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values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

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Language settings
0
button
true

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values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

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