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Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase
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fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and its fructose 2,6-bisphosphate complex. Rendered from PDB 3FBP.
Identifiers
Symbol
FBP1
Alt. symbols
FBP
Entrez
2203
HUGO
3606
OMIM
229700
RefSeq
NM_000507
UniProt
P09467
Other data
EC number
3.1.3.11
Locus
Chr. 9 q22.3
Fructose-1-6-bisphosphatase
crystal structure of rabbit liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase at 2.3 angstrom resolution
Identifiers
Symbol
FBPase
Pfam
PF00316
Pfam clan
CL0171
InterPro
IPR000146
PROSITE
PDOC00114
SCOP
1frp
SUPERFAMILY
1frp
showAvailable protein structures:
Pfam
structures
PDB
RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum
structure summary
Firmicute fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
Identifiers
Symbol
FBPase_2
Pfam
PF06874
Pfam clan
CL0163
InterPro
IPR009164
showAvailable protein structures:
Pfam
structures
PDB
RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum
structure summary
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
crystal structure of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
Identifiers
Symbol
FBPase_3
Pfam
PF01950
InterPro
IPR002803
SCOP
1umg
SUPERFAMILY
1umg
showAvailable protein structures:
Pfam
structures
PDB
RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum
structure summary
Fructose bisphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11) is an enzyme that converts fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate in gluconeogenesis and the Calvin cycle which are both anabolic pathways. Fructose bisphosphatase catalyses the conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate, which is the reverse of the reaction which is catalysed by phosphofructokinase in glycolysis.[1][2] These enzymes only catalyse the reaction in one direction each, and are regulated by metabolites such as fructose 2,6-bisphosphate so that high activity of one of the two enzymes is accompanied by low activity of the other. More specifically, fructose 2,6-bisphosphate allosterically inhibits fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, but activates phosphofructokinase-I. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase is involved in many different metabolic pathways and found in most organisms. FBPase requires metal ions for catalysis (Mg2+ and Mn2+ being preferred) and the enzyme is potently inhibited by Li+.
Contents
[hide]
1 Structure
2 Species distribution
3 Interactive pathway map
4 Hibernation and cold adaptation
5 Diabetes
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
Structure[edit]
The fold of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase from pig was noted to be identical to that of inositol-1-phosphatase (IMPase).[3] Inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase (IPPase), IMPase and FBPase share a sequence motif (Asp-Pro-Ile/Leu-Asp-Gly/Ser-Thr/Ser) which has been shown to bind metal ions and participate in catalysis. This motif is also found in the distantly-related fungal, bacterial and yeast IMPase homologues. It has been suggested that these proteins define an ancient structurally conserved family involved in diverse metabolic pathways, including inositol signalling, gluconeogenesis, sulphate assimilation and possibly quinone metabolism.[4]
Species distribution[edit]
Three different groups of FBPases have been identified in eukaryotes and bacteria (FBPase I-III).[5] None of these groups have been found in archaea so far, though a new group of FBPases (FBPase IV) which also show inositol monophosphatase activity has recently been identified in archaea.[6]
A new group of FBPases (FBPase V) is found in thermophilic archaea and the hyperthermophilic bacterium Aquifex aeolicus.[7] The characterised members of this group show strict substrate specificity for FBP and are suggested to be the true FBPase in these organisms.[7][8] A structural study suggests that FBPase V has a novel fold for a sugar phosphatase, forming a four-layer alpha-beta-beta-alpha sandwich, unlike the more usual five-layered alpha-beta-alpha-beta-alpha arrangement.[8] The arrangement of the catalytic side chains and metal ligands was found to be consistent with the three-metal ion assisted catalysis mechanism proposed for other FBPases.
The fructose 1,6-bisphosphatases found within the Firmicutes (low GC Gram-positive bacteria) do not show any significant sequence similarity to the enzymes from other organisms. The Bacillus subtilis enzyme is inhibited by AMP, though this can be overcome by phosphoenolpyruvate, and is dependent on Mn(2+).[9][10] Mutants lacking this enzyme are apparently still able to grow on gluconeogenic growth substrates such as malate and glycerol.
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
Fructose 6-phosphate
Interactive pathway map[edit]
Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. [§ 1]
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|{{{bSize}}}px|alt=Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis edit]]
Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis edit
Jump up ^ The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "GlycolysisGluconeogenesis_WP534".
Hibernation and cold adaptation[edit]
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase also plays a key role in hibernation, which requires strict regulation of metabolic processes to facilitate entry into hibernation, maintenance, arousal from hibernation, and adjustments to allow long-term dormancy.[11][12][13] During hibernation, an animal's metabolic rate may decrease to around 1/25 of its euthermic resting metabolic rate.[12][13][14] FBPase is modified in hibernating animals to be much more temperature sensitive than it is in euthermic animals.[11][13][14] FBPase in the liver of a hibernating bat showed a 75% decrease in Km for its substrate FBP at 5 °C than at 37 °C.[11] However, in a euthermic bat this decrease was only 25%, demonstrating the difference in temperature sensitivity between hibernating and euthermic bats.[11] When sensitivity to allosteric inhibitors such as AMP, ADP, inorganic phosphate, and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate were examined, FBPase from hibernating bats was much more sensitive to inhibitors at low temperature than in euthermic bats.[11][15][16]
During hibernation, respiration also dramatically decreases, resulting in conditions of relative anoxia in the tissues. Anoxic conditions inhibit gluconeogenesis, and therefore FBPase, while stimulating glycolysis, and this is another reason for reduced FBPase activity in hibernating animals.[17] The substrate of FBPase, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, has also been shown to activate pyruvate kinase in glycolysis, linking increased glycolysis to decreased gluconeogenesis when FBPase activity is decreased during hibernation.[13]
In addition to hibernation, there is evidence that FBPase activity varies significantly between warm and cold seasons even for animals that do not hibernate.[18] In rabbits exposed to cold temperatures, FBPase activity decreased throughout the duration of cold exposure, increasing when temperatures became warmer again.[18] The mechanism of this FBPase inhibition is thought to be digestion of FBPase by lysosomal proteases, which are released at higher levels during colder periods.[18] Inhibition of FBPase through proteolytic digestion decreases gluconeogenesis relative to glycolysis during cold periods, similar to hibernation.[18]
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase is another temperature dependent enzyme that plays an important role in the regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis during hibernation.[14] Its main role is in glycolysis instead of gluconeogenesis, but its substrate is the same as FBPase's, so its activity affects that of FBPase in gluconeogenesis. Aldolase shows similar changes in activity to FBPase at colder temperatures, such as an upward shift in optimum pH at colder temperatures. This adaptation allows enzymes such as FBPase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase to track intracellular pH changes in hibernating animals and match their activity ranges to these shifts.[14] Aldolase also complements the activity of FBPase in anoxic conditions (discussed above) by increasing glycolytic output while FBPase inhibition decreases gluconeogenesis activity.[19]
Diabetes[edit]
AMP
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase is also a key player in treating type 2 diabetes. In this disease, hyperglycemia causes many serious problems, and treatments often focus on lowering blood sugar levels.[20][21][22] Gluconeogenesis in the liver is a major cause of glucose overproduction in these patients, and so inhibition of gluconeogenesis is a reasonable way to treat type 2 diabetes. FBPase is a good enzyme to target in the gluconeogenesis pathway because it is rate-limiting and controls the incorporation of all three-carbon substrates into glucose but is not involved in glycogen breakdown and is removed from mitochondrial steps in the pathway.[20][21][22] This means that altering its activity can have a large effect on gluconeogenesis while reducing the risk of hypoglycemia and other potential side effects from altering other enzymes in gluconeogenesis.[20][21]
Drug candidate have been developed that mimic the inhibitory activity of AMP on FBPase.[20][22] Efforts were made to mimic the allosteric inhibitory effects of AMP while making the drug as structurally different from it as possible.[22] Second-generation FBPase inhibitors have now been developed and have had good results in clinical trials with non-human mammals and now humans.[20][23]
See also[edit]
Fructose bisphosphatase deficiency
Fructose
Gluconeogenesis
Metabolism
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Marcus F, Harrsch PB (May 1990). "Amino acid sequence of spinach chloroplast fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 279 (1): 151–7. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(90)90475-E. PMID 2159755.
Jump up ^ Marcus F, Gontero B, Harrsch PB, Rittenhouse J (Mar 1986). "Amino acid sequence homology among fructose-1,6-bisphosphatases". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 135 (2): 374–81. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(86)90005-7. PMID 3008716.
Jump up ^ Zhang Y, Liang JY, Lipscomb WN (Feb 1993). "Structural similarities between fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and inositol monophosphatase". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 190 (3): 1080–3. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.1159. PMID 8382485.
Jump up ^ York JD, Ponder JW, Majerus PW (May 1995). "Definition of a metal-dependent/Li(+)-inhibited phosphomonoesterase protein family based upon a conserved three-dimensional core structure". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 92 (11): 5149–53. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.11.5149. PMC 41866  . PMID 7761465.
Jump up ^ Donahue JL, Bownas JL, Niehaus WG, Larson TJ (Oct 2000). "Purification and characterization of glpX-encoded fructose 1, 6-bisphosphatase, a new enzyme of the glycerol 3-phosphate regulon of Escherichia coli". Journal of Bacteriology. 182 (19): 5624–7. doi:10.1128/jb.182.19.5624-5627.2000. PMC 111013  . PMID 10986273.
Jump up ^ Stec B, Yang H, Johnson KA, Chen L, Roberts MF (Nov 2000). "MJ0109 is an enzyme that is both an inositol monophosphatase and the 'missing' archaeal fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase". Nature Structural Biology. 7 (11): 1046–50. doi:10.1038/80968. PMID 11062561.
^ Jump up to: a b Rashid N, Imanaka H, Kanai T, Fukui T, Atomi H, Imanaka T (Aug 2002). "A novel candidate for the true fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in archaea". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (34): 30649–55. doi:10.1074/jbc.M202868200. PMID 12065581.
^ Jump up to: a b Nishimasu H, Fushinobu S, Shoun H, Wakagi T (Jun 2004). "The first crystal structure of the novel class of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase present in thermophilic archaea". Structure. 12 (6): 949–59. doi:10.1016/j.str.2004.03.026. PMID 15274916.
Jump up ^ Fujita Y, Freese E (Jun 1979). "Purification and properties of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase of Bacillus subtilis". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 254 (12): 5340–9. PMID 221467.
Jump up ^ Fujita Y, Yoshida K, Miwa Y, Yanai N, Nagakawa E, Kasahara Y (Aug 1998). "Identification and expression of the Bacillus subtilis fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase gene (fbp)". Journal of Bacteriology. 180 (16): 4309–13. PMC 107433  . PMID 9696785.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Storey KB (December 1997). "Metabolic regulation in mammalian hibernation: enzyme and protein adaptations". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part a, Physiology. 118 (4): 1115–24. doi:10.1016/S0300-9629(97)00238-7. PMID 9505421.
^ Jump up to: a b Heldmaier G, Ortmann S, Elvert R (August 2004). "Natural hypometabolism during hibernation and daily torpor in mammals". Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology. 141 (3): 317–29. doi:10.1016/j.resp.2004.03.014. PMID 15288602.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Brooks SP, Storey KB (January 1992). "Mechanisms of glycolytic control during hibernation in the ground squirrel Spermophilus lateralis". Journal of Comparative Physiology B. 162 (1): 23–28. doi:10.1007/BF00257932.
^ Jump up to: a b c d MacDonald JA, Storey KB (December 2002). "Purification and characterization of fructose bisphosphate aldolase from the ground squirrel, Spermophilus lateralis: enzyme role in mammalian hibernation". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 408 (2): 279–85. doi:10.1016/S0003-9861(02)00579-9. PMID 12464282.
Jump up ^ Ekdahl KN, Ekman P (February 1984). "The effect of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and AMP on the activity of phosphorylated and unphosphorylated fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase from rat liver". FEBS Letters. 167 (2): 203–9. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(84)80127-1. PMID 6321241.
Jump up ^ Taketa K, Pogell BM (February 1965). "Allosteric Inhibition of Rat Liver Fructose 1,6-Diphosphatase by Adenosine 5'-Monophosphate". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 240: 651–62. PMID 14275118.
Jump up ^ Underwood AH, Newsholme EA (July 1967). "Control of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in rat kidney cortex slices". The Biochemical Journal. 104 (1): 300–5. PMC 1270577  . PMID 4292000.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Fischer EH, Krebs EG, Neurath H, Stadtman ER, eds. (1974). Metabolic Interconversion of Enzymes 1973 Third International Symposium held in Seattle, June 5-8, 1973. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. ISBN 978-3-642-80817-3.
Jump up ^ Dawson NJ, Biggar KK, Storey KB (2013). "Characterization of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase during anoxia in the tolerant turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans: an assessment of enzyme activity, expression and structure". PLOS One. 8 (7): e68830. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0068830. PMC 3715522  . PMID 23874782.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Dang Q, Van Poelje PD, Erion MD (2012). "Chapter 11: The Discovery and Development of MB07803, a Second-Generation Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase Inhibitor with Improved Pharmacokinetic Properties, as a Potential Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes". In Jones RM. New Therapeutic Strategies for Type 2 Diabetes: Small Molecule Approaches. Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. doi:10.1039/9781849735322-00306. ISBN 978-1-84973-414-1.
^ Jump up to: a b c Arch JR (2011). "Thermogenesis and Related Metabolic Targets in Anti-Diabetic Therapy". In Schwanstecher M. Diabetes - Perspectives in Drug Therapy (1st ed.). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. p. 203. ISBN 978-3-642-17214-4.
^ Jump up to: a b c d van Poelje PD, Potter SC, Chandramouli VC, Landau BR, Dang Q, Erion MD (June 2006). "Inhibition of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase reduces excessive endogenous glucose production and attenuates hyperglycemia in Zucker diabetic fatty rats". Diabetes. 55 (6): 1747–54. doi:10.2337/db05-1443. PMID 16731838.
Jump up ^ Kaur R, Dahiya L, Kumar M (December 2017). "Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase inhibitors: A new valid approach for management of type 2 diabetes mellitus". European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 141: 473–505. doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.029. PMID 29055870.
Further reading[edit]
Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L (2002). "Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis". In Susan Moran (ed.). Biochemistry (5th ed.). 41 Madison Avenue, New York, New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. ISBN 0-7167-3051-0. CS1 maint: Extra text: editors list (link)
External links[edit]
Fructose-1,6-Biphosphatase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro IPR000146
This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro IPR009164
This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro IPR002803
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Metabolism: carbohydrate metabolism: glycolysis/gluconeogenesis enzymes
Glycolysis
Hexokinase (HK1, HK2, HK3, Glucokinase)→/Glucose 6-phosphatase←
Glucose isomerase
Phosphofructokinase 1 (Liver, Muscle, Platelet)→/Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase←
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (Aldolase A, B, C)
Triosephosphate isomerase
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Phosphoglycerate kinase
Phosphoglycerate mutase
Enolase
Pyruvate kinase (PKLR, PKM2)
Gluconeogenesis only
to oxaloacetate:
Pyruvate carboxylase
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
from lactate (Cori cycle):
Lactate dehydrogenase
from alanine (Alanine cycle):
Alanine transaminase
from glycerol:
Glycerol kinase
Glycerol dehydrogenase
Regulatory
Fructose 6-P,2-kinase:fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase
PFKFB1, PFKFB2, PFKFB3, PFKFB4
Bisphosphoglycerate mutase
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Hydrolase: esterases (EC 3.1)
3.1.1: Carboxylic
ester hydrolases
Cholinesterase
Acetylcholinesterase
Butyrylcholinesterase
Pectinesterase
6-phosphogluconolactonase
PAF acetylhydrolase
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A1
A2
B
Cutinase
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3.1.2: Thioesterase
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Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1
4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA thioesterase
3.1.3: Phosphatase
Alkaline phosphatase
ALPI
ALPL
ALPP
Acid phosphatase (Prostatic)/Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase/Purple acid phosphatases
Nucleotidase
Glucose 6-phosphatase
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase
Calcineurin
Protein phosphatase
PP2A
OCRL
Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase
Fructose 6-P,2-kinase:fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase
PTEN
Phytase
Beta-propeller phytase
Inositol-phosphate phosphatase
IMPA1, IMPA2, IMPA3
Protein phosphatase: Protein tyrosine phosphatase
Protein serine/threonine phosphatase
Dual-specificity phosphatase
3.1.4:
Phosphodiesterase
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C
D
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1
PDE1
PDE2
PDE3
PDE4A/PDE4B
PDE5
Lecithinase (Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin)
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase
3.1.6: Sulfatase
arylsulfatase
Arylsulfatase A
Arylsulfatase B
Arylsulfatase E
Steroid sulfatase
Galactosamine-6 sulfatase
Iduronate-2-sulfatase
N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase
Nuclease (includes
deoxyribonuclease
and ribonuclease)
3.1.11-16:
Exonuclease
Exodeoxyribonuclease
RecBCD
Exoribonuclease
Oligonucleotidase
3.1.21-31:
Endonuclease
Endodeoxyribonuclease
Deoxyribonuclease I
Deoxyribonuclease II
Deoxyribonuclease IV
Restriction enzyme
UvrABC endonuclease
Endoribonuclease
RNase III
RNase H
1
2A
2B
2C
RNase P
RNase A
1
2
3
4/5
RNase T1
RNA-induced silencing complex
either deoxy- or ribo-
Aspergillus nuclease S1
Micrococcal nuclease
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fructose_1,6-bisphosphatase&oldid=833940858"
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Washington Nationals
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the current Major League Baseball team. For other uses, see Washington Nationals (disambiguation).
Washington Nationals
2017 Washington Nationals season
Established in 1969
Based in Washington, D.C. since 2005
Team logo Cap insignia
Major league affiliations
National League (1969–present)
East Division (1969–present)
Current uniform
Retired numbers
42 (as Montreal Expos: 8 10 10 30)
Colors
Red, navy blue, white[1]
Name
Washington Nationals (2005–present)
Montreal Expos (1969–2004)
Other nicknames
Nats
Ballpark
Nationals Park (2008–present)
Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium (2005–2007)
a.k.a. RFK Stadium
Olympic Stadium (1977–2004)
Hiram Bithorn Stadium (2003–2004)
Jarry Park Stadium (1969–1976)
Major league titles
World Series titles (0)
None
NL Pennants (0)
None
East Division titles (5)
1981
2012
2014
2016
2017
Front office
Owner(s)
Ted Lerner
Manager
Dusty Baker
General Manager
Mike Rizzo
President of Baseball Operations
Mike Rizzo
The Washington Nationals are a professional baseball team based in Washington, D.C. The Nationals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) East division. From 2005 to 2007, the team played in RFK Stadium; since 2008 their home stadium has been Nationals Park on South Capitol Street in Southeast D.C., near the Anacostia River.[2]
The Nationals are the fourth major league franchise to be based in Washington, D.C., and the first since 1971. The original Washington Senators, who were often referred to as the Nationals, played in the National League from 1891 to 1899. They were followed by a second Washington Senators franchise in 1901, a charter member of the new American League, who were officially named the Washington Nationals from 1905 to 1956. The second Senators franchise moved to Minnesota in 1961 and became the Minnesota Twins. They were replaced that season by a third Senators franchise, who eventually moved to Arlington, Texas, after the 1971 season and became the Texas Rangers.
The current National League club was founded in 1969 as the Montreal Expos, part of the MLB expansion, which included the Seattle Pilots, Kansas City Royals, and San Diego Padres. Based in Montreal, the Expos were the first Major League team in Canada.[3] Home games were played at Jarry Park Stadium and later in Olympic Stadium. During the strike-shortened 1981 season, the Expos won a division championship and made their only post-season appearance in Montreal, defeating the Philadelphia Phillies, 3–2, in the National League Division Series, but losing to the Los Angeles Dodgers, 3–2, in the National League Championship Series.
The franchise had its highest winning percentage in the strike-shortened season of 1994, when the team had the best record in baseball. The team's subsequent shedding of players caused fan interest to drop off, and after the 2001 season, MLB considered revoking the team's franchise, along with either the Minnesota Twins or the Tampa Bay Devil Rays.[4][5] After being purchased by MLB in 2002, the team was moved before the 2005 season to Washington, D.C., and renamed the Nationals, the first franchise relocation in Major League Baseball since the third Washington Senators moved to Texas in 1971.
While the team initially struggled after moving to Washington, the Nationals have experienced considerable success in recent years, winning division titles in 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2017, although they have yet to advance out of the first round in the playoffs.[6] Two of the team's first overall picks in the MLB Draft, Stephen Strasburg in 2009 and Bryce Harper in 2010, attracted new levels of attention to the team. At the time of his selection, Strasburg was called the "most-hyped pick in draft history," and Harper later became the youngest position player to be selected to the MLB All-Star Game.[7][8] Including their time in Montreal, the Nationals are one of two franchises, and the only one in the National League, never to have won a league pennant and played in a World Series, along with the Seattle Mariners of the American League.[9][10]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Montreal Expos
1.1.1 2001 contraction
1.2 Creation of the Washington Nationals
1.3 Washington baseball history revived
1.4 Washington Nationals
2 People of note
2.1 Managers
2.2 Broadcasters
2.3 Current roster
2.4 Baseball Hall of Famers
2.5 Ford C. Frick Award
2.6 Retired numbers
2.7 Ring of Honor
2.7.1 Homestead Grays
2.7.2 Montreal Expos
2.7.3 Washington Nationals
2.7.4 Washington Senators (original team, 1901–1960)
2.7.5 Washington Senators (expansion team, 1961–1971)
2.8 Attendance and fans
2.8.1 Attendance
2.8.2 Prominent fans
3 Season standings
4 Spring training
5 Minor league affiliations
5.1 Former affiliates
6 Nationals Dream Foundation
7 Radio and television
8 Nationals vs. Orioles
8.1 Beltway Series
9 Notes
10 Footnotes
11 References
12 External links
History[edit]
Montreal Expos[edit]
Main article: Montreal Expos
The Montreal Expos joined the National League in 1969, along with the San Diego Padres, with a majority share held by Charles Bronfman, a major shareholder in Seagram. Named after the Expo 67 World's Fair, the Expos' initial home was Jarry Park. Managed by Gene Mauch, the team lost 110 games in their first season, coincidentally matching the Padres inaugural win-loss record, and continued to struggle during their first decade with sub-.500 seasons.
Starting in 1977, the team's home venue was Montreal's Olympic Stadium, built for the 1976 Summer Olympics. Two years later, the team won a franchise-high 95 games, finishing second in the National League East. The Expos began the 1980s with a core group of young players, including catcher Gary Carter, outfielders Tim Raines and Andre Dawson, third baseman Tim Wallach, and pitchers Steve Rogers and Bill Gullickson. The team won its only division championship in the strike-shortened split season of 1981, ending its season with a three games to two loss to the Los Angeles Dodgers in the National League Championship Series.
The team spent most of the 1980s in the middle of the NL East pack, finishing in third or fourth place in eight out of nine seasons from 1982 to 1990. Buck Rodgers was hired as manager before the 1985 season and guided the Expos to a .500 or better record five times in six years, with the highlight coming in 1987, when they won 91 games. They finished third, but were just four games behind the division-winning Cardinals.
Bronfman sold the team to a consortium of owners in 1991, with Claude Brochu as the managing general partner.[11][12] Rodgers, at that time second only to Gene Mauch in number of Expos games managed, was replaced partway through the 1991 season. In May 1992, Felipe Alou, a member of the Expos organization since 1976, was promoted to manager, becoming the first Dominican-born manager in MLB history.[11] Alou would become the leader in Expos games managed, while guiding the team to winning records, including 1994, when the Expos, led by a talented group of players including Larry Walker, Moisés Alou, Marquis Grissom and Pedro Martínez, had the best record in the major leagues until the 1994–95 Major League Baseball strike forced the cancellation of the remainder of the season. After the disappointment of 1994, Expos management began shedding its key players, and the team's fan support dwindled.
Brochu sold control of the team to Jeffrey Loria in 1999,[13][14] but Loria failed to close on a plan to build a new downtown ballpark, and did not reach an agreement on television and English radio broadcast contracts for the 2000 season, reducing the team's media coverage.
2001 contraction[edit]
In November 2001, Major League Baseball's owners voted 28–2 to contract the league by two teams — according to various sources, the Expos and the Minnesota Twins, both of which reportedly voted against contraction.[15] Subsequently, the Boston Red Sox were sold to a partnership led by John W. Henry, owner of the Florida Marlins.[15][16] In order to clear the way for Henry's group to assume ownership of the Red Sox, Henry sold the Marlins to Loria, and baseball purchased the Expos from Loria.[15] However, the Metropolitan Sports Facilities Commission, operator of the Metrodome, won an injunction requiring the Twins to play there in 2002.[15] Because MLB was unable to revoke the Twins franchise, it was compelled to keep both the Twins and Expos as part of the regular season schedule. In the collective bargaining agreement signed with the Major League Baseball Players Association (MLBPA) in August 2002, contraction was prohibited until the end of the contract in 2006.[17] By that time, the Expos had become the Washington Nationals and the Twins had made sufficient progress towards the eventual building of a new baseball-specific stadium that contraction was no longer on the agenda.
Creation of the Washington Nationals[edit]
With contraction no longer an option for the immediate term, MLB began looking for a relocation site for the Expos. Some of the choices included Oklahoma City; Washington, D.C.; San Juan, Puerto Rico; Monterrey, Mexico; Portland, Oregon; somewhere in Northern Virginia such as Arlington or Dulles; Norfolk, Virginia; Las Vegas; and Charlotte, North Carolina. Washington D.C and Virginia emerged as the front runners.
In both 2003 and 2004, the Expos played 22 of their home games in San Juan, Puerto Rico at the Hiram Bithorn Stadium, and the remaining 59 in Montreal.
On September 29, 2004, MLB announced that the Expos would move to Washington, D.C. in 2005.[18][19]
The Expos played their final game on October 3 at Shea Stadium, losing by a score of 8–1 against the New York Mets, the same opponent that the Expos first faced at its start, 35 years earlier. On November 15, a lawsuit by the former team owners against MLB and former majority owner Jeffrey Loria was struck down by arbitrators, bringing to an end all legal actions that would impede a move. The owners of the other MLB teams approved the move to Washington in a 28–1 vote on December 3 (Baltimore Orioles owner Peter Angelos cast the sole dissenting vote).
Washington baseball history revived[edit]
Main article: History of Washington, D.C. professional baseball
Numerous professional baseball teams have called Washington, D.C. home. The Washington Senators, a founding member of the American League (AL), played in the nation's capital from 1901 to 1960 before moving to Minnesota and becoming the Twins. The original Washington American League Base Ball Club was founded by three local businessmen: Edward J. Walsh, Benjamin Minor, and Harry Rapley. Clark Griffith was hired as manager in 1912 and became a part owner, accumulating majority shares in later years. The stadium, originally known as National Park and then American League Park, later became known as Griffith Stadium. With notable stars including Walter Johnson and Joe Cronin, the Senators won the 1924 World Series and pennants in 1925 and 1933. The franchise became more successful after moving to Minnesota for the 1961 season to be renamed the Minnesota Twins. A second Washington Senators team (1961–1971) had a winning record only once in its 11 years, although it featured slugger Frank Howard, who was inducted into the Ring of Fame at the new Nationals Park in 2016. This team was notable also because Ted Williams was manager in 1971. The expansion Senators moved to Arlington, Texas for the 1972 season and changed its name to the Texas Rangers. The city of Washington spent the next 33 years without a baseball team.
Although there was some sentiment to revive the name Senators when the Montreal Expos franchise moved to Washington in 2005, legal and political considerations factored into the choice of Nationals, a revival of the first American League franchise's official name used from 1901 to 1956.[20] Politicians and others in the District of Columbia objected to the name Senators because the District of Columbia does not have voting representation in Congress.[21] In addition, the Rangers still owned the rights to the Senators name,[22] although the Nationals were able to acquire the rights to the curly "W" logo from the Rangers.
Washington, D.C., mayor Anthony A. Williams supported the name "Washington Grays", in honor of the Negro-league team the Homestead Grays (1929–1950), which had been based in Pittsburgh, but played many of their home games in Washington. In the end, the team owners chose the name "Washington Nationals".[23]
Washington Nationals[edit]
Main article: History of the Washington Nationals
Nationals versus the Cincinnati Reds in 2009 at Nationals Park
When Ted Lerner took over the club in mid-2006, he hired Stan Kasten as team president. Kasten was widely known as the architect of the Atlanta Braves before and during their run of 14 division titles. Kasten was also the general manager or president of many other Atlanta-area sports teams, including the Atlanta Hawks and Atlanta Thrashers. "The Plan", as it became known, was a long-range rebuilding and restructuring of the team from the ground up. This plan included investing in the farm system and the draft, and having a suitable team to go along with their new stadium.
In the front office, the Nationals hired the well-respected former Arizona scouting director Mike Rizzo to be the vice president of baseball operations, second in charge under then-general manager Jim Bowden.[24]
Thanks to back-to-back No. 1 picks of Stephen Strasburg (in 2009) and Bryce Harper (in 2010), and other strong moves to their farm system, the Nationals became a contending team by 2012, winning division titles in 2012, 2014, and 2016.[25] In April 2015, Commissioner Rob Manfred announced that Nationals Park was selected by Major League Baseball to host the 2018 All Star Game.[26]
In 2016, the Nationals acquired Mets infielder Daniel Murphy.
People of note[edit]
Managers[edit]
Manager
Time period
Regular season[27]
Post-season[28]
Totals
Wins
Losses
Win %
Best finish
Wins
Losses
Win %
Post-season
Wins
Losses
Win %
Frank Robinson 2005–2006 152 172 7001469000000000000♠46.9% 0 0 — Never made post-season 152 172 7001469000000000000♠46.9%
Manny Acta 2007–2009 158 252 7001385000000000000♠38.5% 0 0 — Never made post-season 158 252 7001385000000000000♠38.5%
Jim Riggleman 2009–2011 140 172 7001449000000000000♠44.9% 0 0 — Never made post-season 140 172 7001449000000000000♠44.9%
John McLaren (interim) 2011 2 1 7001667000000000000♠66.7% 0 0 — Never made post-season 2 1 7001667000000000000♠66.7%
Davey Johnson 2011–2013 224 183 7001550000000000000♠55% 2 3 7001400000000000000♠40% 2012 226 186 7001549000000000000♠54.9%
Matt Williams 2014–2015 179 145 7001552000000000000♠55.2% 1 3 7001250000000000000♠25% 2014 180 148 7001549000000000000♠54.9%
Dusty Baker 2016–present 95 67 7001586000000000000♠58.6% 2 3 7001400000000000000♠40% 2016 97 70 7001581000000000000♠58.1%
Broadcasters[edit]
Main article: List of Washington Nationals broadcasters
Charlie Slowes – radio (2005–present)
Dave Shea – radio (2005)
Dave Jageler – radio (2006–present)
Mel Proctor – TV (2005)
Ron Darling – TV (2005)
Bob Carpenter – TV (2006–present)
Tom Paciorek – TV (2006)
Don Sutton – TV (2007–2008)
Rob Dibble – TV (2009–2010)
F. P. Santangelo – TV (2011–present)
Current roster[edit]
Washington Nationals roster
v
t
e
Active roster Inactive roster Coaches/Other
Pitchers
Starting rotation
22 A. J. Cole
47 Gio González
40 Edwin Jackson
57 Tanner Roark
31 Max Scherzer
37 Stephen Strasburg
Bullpen
70 Austin Adams
43 Matt Albers
56 Joe Blanton
33 Matt Grace
27 Shawn Kelley
21 Brandon Kintzler
44 Ryan Madson
46 Óliver Pérez
72 Enny Romero
36 Sammy Solis
Closer
62 Sean Doolittle
Catchers
59 José Lobatón
65 Raudy Read
29 Pedro Severino
32 Matt Wieters
Infielders
1 Wilmer Difo
26 Adam Lind
20 Daniel Murphy
6 Anthony Rendon
5 Adrián Sánchez
7 Trea Turner
11 Ryan Zimmerman
Outfielders
9 Rafael Bautista
17 Alejandro De Aza
4 Howie Kendrick
14 Víctor Robles
45 Andrew Stevenson
3 Michael Taylor
28 Jayson Werth

Pitchers
-- Trevor Gott
-- Austin Voth

Infielders
-- José Marmolejos
Outfielders
8 Brian Goodwin
34 Bryce Harper

Manager
12 Dusty Baker
Coaches
54 Dan Firova (bullpen)
13 Bob Henley (third base)
24 Jacque Jones (assistant hitting)
15 Davey Lopes (first base)
51 Mike Maddux (pitching)
39 Rick Schu (hitting)
35 Chris Speier (bench)
60-day disabled list
10 Stephen Drew
2 Adam Eaton
23 Erick Fedde
30 Koda Glover
18 Ryan Raburn
41 Joe Ross

35 active, 5 inactive
7- or 10-day disabled list
Suspended list
# Personal leave
Roster and coaches updated September 8, 2017
Transactions • Depth chart
→ All MLB rosters
Baseball Hall of Famers[edit]
Main article: National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum
Washington Nationals Hall of Famers
Affiliation according to the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum
Montreal Expos
Gary Carter
Andre Dawson
Randy Johnson
Pedro Martínez
Tony Pérez
Tim Raines
Dick Williams2
Washington Nationals
Frank Robinson1
Iván Rodríguez
Players and managers listed in bold are depicted on their Hall of Fame plaques wearing a Expos or Nationals cap insignia.
1 – inducted as player; managed Expos/Nationals
2 – inducted as manager, also played for Expos/Nationals or was manager
Ford C. Frick Award[edit]
Washington Nationals Ford C. Frick Award recipients
Affiliation according to the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum
Tom Cheek
Dave Van Horne
Names in bold received the award based primarily on their work as broadcasters for the Expos or Nationals.
Retired numbers[edit]

Jackie
Robinson
2B
Retired 1997
See also: List of Major League Baseball retired numbers
During the franchise's period in Montreal, the Montreal Expos retired three numbers in honor of four players, plus Jackie Robinson's number 42 which was retired throughout all Major League Baseball in 1997.[29] Following the move to Washington, D.C., the numbers (except 42) were returned to circulation and remain in use as of 2016[update], although the "Team History" section of the Nationals' website continues to refer to the numbers as "retired."[29] After the Expos' departure from Montreal, the National Hockey League′s Montreal Canadiens hung a banner in Bell Centre honoring the Expos' retired numbers.
Ring of Honor[edit]
On August 10, 2010, the Nationals unveiled a "Ring of Honor"[note 1] at Nationals Park to honor National Baseball Hall of Fame members who had played "significant years" for the Washington Nationals, original Washington Senators (1901–1960), expansion Washington Senators (1961–1971), Homestead Grays, or Montreal Expos.[30][31] In late August 2016, the team dropped the criterion that an inductee be a member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame, opening membership to "anyone who has made a significant contribution to the game of baseball in Washington, D.C.";[31] the first inductee under the new criteria was Frank Howard.[31] The ring includes:[30][31][32][33][34]
Homestead Grays[edit]
No.
Inductee
Position
Tenure
Admitted
4 Cool Papa Bell CF 1932, 1943–1946 August 10, 2010
— Ray Brown P 1932–1945, 1947–1948 August 10, 2010
20 Josh Gibson C 1937–1946 August 10, 2010
32 Buck Leonard 1B 1934–1950 August 10, 2010
— Cumberland Posey OF/Manager/Owner
Club official 1911–1946 August 10, 2010
— Jud Wilson 3B 1931–1932, 1940–1945 August 10, 2010
Montreal Expos[edit]
No.
Inductee
Position
Tenure
Admitted
8 Gary Carter C 1974–1984, 1992 August 10, 2010
10 Andre Dawson CF 1976–1986 August 10, 2010
30 Tim Raines LF 1979–1990, 2001 August 28, 2017
20 Frank Robinson Manager 2002–2004 May 9, 2015
Washington Nationals[edit]
No.
Inductee
Position
Tenure
Admitted
20 Frank Robinson Manager 2005–2006 May 9, 2015
7 Iván "Pudge" Rodríguez C 2010–2011 August 28, 2017
Washington Senators (original team, 1901–1960)[edit]
No.
Inductee
Position
Tenure
Admitted
4 Joe Cronin C 1928–1934 August 10, 2010
8, 10, 37 Rick Ferrell C 1937–1941
1944–1945, 1947 August 10, 2010
3, 5, 20 Goose Goslin LF 1921–1930
1933, 1938 August 10, 2010
— Clark Griffith P
Owner 1912–1914
1920–1955 August 10, 2010
28, 30, 35, 50 Bucky Harris 2B
Manager 1919–1928
1924–1928
1935–1942, 1950–1954 August 10, 2010
— Walter Johnson P 1907–1927 August 10, 2010
3, 12, 25 Harmon Killebrew 1B 1954–1960 August 10, 2010
2, 3 Heinie Manush LF 1930–1935 August 10, 2010
2, 22 Sam Rice RF 1915–1933 August 10, 2010
11, 20, 26, 44 Early Wynn P 1939–1944, 1946–1948 August 10, 2010
Washington Senators (expansion team, 1961–1971)[edit]
No.
Inductee
Position
Tenure
Admitted
— Bucky Harris Scout/Special Assistant 1963–1971 August 10, 2010
9, 33 Frank Howard LF/1B 1965–1971 August 26, 2016
Attendance and fans[edit]
Attendance[edit]
Sources[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]
Season
Stadium
Attendance
Rank in National League
2005 RFK Stadium 2,731,993 8th (of 16)
2006 RFK Stadium 2,153,056 11th (of 16)
2007 RFK Stadium 1,943,812 14th (of 16)
2008 Nationals Park 2,320,400 13th (of 16)
2009 Nationals Park 1,817,226 13th (of 16)
2010 Nationals Park 1,828,066 14th (of 16)
2011 Nationals Park 1,940,478 14th (of 16)
2012 Nationals Park 2,370,794 9th (of 16)
2013 Nationals Park 2,652,422 6th (of 15)
2014 Nationals Park 2,579,389 7th (of 15)
2015 Nationals Park 2,619,843 5th (of 15)
2016 Nationals Park 2,481,938 7th (of 15)
Prominent fans[edit]
"Rubber Chicken Man" Hugh Kaufman cheers on the Washington Nationals with baseball writer Paul Dickson. Kaufman waves a rubber chicken over the Nats' dugout to ward off bad luck, and sometimes ritually "sacrifices" them to improve team performance.
One prominent fan is "Rubber Chicken Man" Hugh Kaufman, who waves a rubber chicken over the dugout to ward off "JuJu". Local sports writers have noted that his ritual "sacrifices" of rubber chickens often precede turnarounds in the Nationals' performance.[47] Kaufman has built a following at the Stadium and in 2013 started a group called the "Secret Society of the Rubber Chicken" that now claims several Nationals players among its members.[48]
Season standings[edit]
Main article: List of Washington Nationals seasons
Standings updated on October 13, 2016
MLB
season
Team
season
League[49]
Division[49]
Regular season
Postseason
Awards
Finish
Wins
Losses
Win%
GB
2005 2005 NL East 5th 81 81 .500 9 Chad Cordero—Rolaids Relief Man
2006 2006 NL East 5th 71 91 .438 26 Alfonso Soriano—Silver Slugger
2007 2007 NL East 4th 73 89 .451 18 Dmitri Young—"Players Choice Awards" NL Comeback Player[50]
2008 2008 NL East 5th 59 102 .366 32½
2009 2009 NL East 5th 59 103 .364 34 Ryan Zimmerman—Gold Glove and Silver Slugger
2010 2010 NL East 5th 69 93 .426 28 Ryan Zimmerman—Silver Slugger
2011 2011 NL East 3rd 80 81 .497 21½
2012 2012 NL East 1st 98 64 .604 — Won NL East Division by 4 games; lost NLDS 2–3 Adam LaRoche—Silver Slugger and Gold Glove
Ian Desmond—Silver Slugger
Stephen Strasburg—Silver Slugger
Bryce Harper—National League Rookie of the Year
Davey Johnson—National League Manager of the Year
2013 2013 NL East 2nd 86 76 .531 10 Ian Desmond—Silver Slugger
2014 2014 NL East 1st 96 66 .593 — Won NL East Division by 17 games; lost NLDS 1–3 Ian Desmond—Silver Slugger
Anthony Rendon—Silver Slugger
Wilson Ramos—Tony Conigliaro Award
Matt Williams—National League Manager of the Year
2015 2015 NL East 2nd 83 79 .512 7 Bryce Harper—National League Most Valuable Player, Silver Slugger, Hank Aaron Award, "Players Choice Awards" NL Outstanding Player, Esurance MLB Awards for Best Major Leaguer and Best Everyday Player
2016 2016 NL East 1st 95 67 .586 — Won NL East Division by 8 games; Lost NLDS 2–3 Max Scherzer—Cy Young Award
2017 2017 NL East 1st TBD TBD TBD —
Bold denotes a playoff season, pennant or championship; italics denote an active season.
Spring training[edit]
Main article: Space Coast Stadium
Main article: The Ballpark of the Palm Beaches
The Nationals hold spring training in Florida, where they play their annual slate of Grapefruit League games. From 2005 through 2016, they held spring training at Space Coast Stadium in Viera, Florida, a facility that they inherited from the Expos. In 2017, the Nationals moved their spring training operations to The Ballpark of the Palm Beaches, a new facility they share with the Houston Astros in West Palm Beach, Florida; they played their first Grapefruit League game there on February 28, 2017.
Minor league affiliations[edit]
Main article: List of Washington Nationals minor league affiliates
Level
Team
League
Location
AAA Syracuse Chiefs International League Syracuse, New York
AA Harrisburg Senators Eastern League Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
Advanced A Potomac Nationals Carolina League Woodbridge, Virginia
A Hagerstown Suns South Atlantic League Hagerstown, Maryland
Short Season A Auburn Doubledays New York–Penn League Auburn, New York
Rookie GCL Nationals Gulf Coast League West Palm Beach, Florida
DSL Nationals Dominican Summer League Dominican Republic
Former affiliates[edit]
Level
League
Team (Seasons)
AAA International League Columbus Clippers (2007–08)
New Orleans Zephyrs (2005–06)
Edmonton Trappers (2003–04)
Ottawa Lynx (1993–2002)
Indianapolis Indians (1984–92)
Wichita Aeros (1982–83)
Denver Bears (1976–81)
Memphis Blues (1974–75)
Peninsula Whips (1972–73)
Winnipeg Whips (1971)
Buffalo Bisons (1970)
Vancouver Mounties (1969)
AA Southern League Jacksonville Suns (1984–1990)
Memphis Chicks (1978–83)
Quebec Metros (1976–77)
Quebec Carnavals (1971–75)
Jacksonville Suns (1970)
A California League San Jose Expos (1982)
Carolina League Kinston Expos (1974)
Florida State League Brevard County Manatees (2002–04)
Jupiter Hammerheads (1998–2001)
West Palm Beach Expos (1969–1997)
Midwest League Clinton Lumber Kings (2001–02)
Burlington Expos (1993–94)
Rockford Expos (1988–92)
Burlington Bees (1986–87)
South Atlantic League Savannah Sand Gnats (2003–06)
Cape Fear Crocs (1997–2000)
Delmarva Shorebirds (1996)
Albany Polecats (1995)
Albany Polecats (1992)
Sumter Flyers (1991)
Gastonia Expos (1983–84)
Short Season A New York–Penn League Vermont Expos/Lake Monsters (1977–2010)
Jamestown Expos (1973)
Northern League Watertown Expos (1970–71)
Nationals Dream Foundation[edit]
The Washington Nationals Dream Foundation is the team's charity which is "committed to community partnerships that improve the lives of children and families across the Washington Capital Region. The foundation plans to open a youth baseball academy in partnership with the D.C. government, a pediatric diabetes care center at Children's National Medical Center in partnership with the Center. The foundation also provides grants to local organizations.[51]
On August 1, 2011, the foundation, in partnership with several local organizations, formally opened Miracle Field in Germantown, Maryland as part of an effort to encourage athletic activity in children with "mental and/or physical challenges."[52] According to Steven Miller of MLB.com, what sets Miracle Field apart in terms of safety is its unique design, as it "is made entirely of a cushioned synthetic turf that is five-eighths of an inch thick-- providing a safe surface for children in wheelchairs or with other handicaps." [53]
Radio and television[edit]
Mascots dressed as Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln in the stands during a 2010 game against the Baltimore Orioles. They compete in the Presidents Race every mid-fourth inning of a home game.
The Nationals' flagship radio station is WJFK-FM (106.7 FM) "The Fan", which is owned by CBS Radio. Charlie Slowes and Dave Jageler are the play-by-play announcers. Most games are simulcast on WFED (1500 AM), which had been the flagship station since the 2006 season[54] until a multi-year agreement was reached between the Nationals and WJFK before the 2011 season.[55] WJFK (1580 AM) airs any games that WFED is unable to air due to conflicts.
The other former flagship is WWZZ (104.1 FM), which carried games in the 2005 season.[56]
Nationals' telecasts are predominantly on Mid-Atlantic Sports Network (MASN), with a few games picked up for free TV by Fox by way of WTTG. MASN simulcasts 20 games per season (the season opener plus 19 weekend games) on free TV in the Washington area, on WUSA.[57] Bob Carpenter has been the TV play-by-play announcer since 2006 and F.P. Santangelo was hired in January 2011 as color analyst.[58] Mel Proctor was the TV play-by-announcer in 2005, and former color analysts are Ron Darling (2005), Tom Paciorek (2006), Don Sutton (2007–2008), and Rob Dibble, who took over the job in 2009 and was fired in September 2010 after criticizing Stephen Strasburg for not pitching while injured. Ray Knight filled in as color analyst in September 2010 after Dibble was fired.[58] [58][59] Johnny Holliday and Knight host the Nats Xtra pregame and postgame shows.
TV ratings were among the worst in the league as of July 2008[60][61] but increased during the 2010 and 2011 seasons.[62][63]
Nationals vs. Orioles[edit]
Beltway Series[edit]
Main article: Beltway Series
The Nationals have an interleague rivalry with the nearby Baltimore Orioles nicknamed the Beltway Series. The teams have played two series a season – one in Baltimore and one in Washington – since 2006.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ The Ring of Honor should not be confused with the Washington Hall of Stars.
Footnotes[edit]
a RFK Stadium Fast Facts
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ladson, Bill (November 10, 2010). "Nationals unveil new jerseys in fashion show". Washington Nationals. Retrieved September 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Nationals victorious in stadium debut". MLB.com. March 29, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Franchise Timeline". Retrieved August 6, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Gwynn lost chance at .400; Expos denied playoff berth". CNN. Retrieved May 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Labor Pains – A guide to Major League Baseball's contraction issue". infoplease.com. Retrieved September 24, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Nats' crown-clinching win worth the wait". MLB.com. September 10, 2017. Retrieved September 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Bryce Harper, Mike Trout lead young All-Star Game rosters". USATODAY.COM. Retrieved 2017-03-26.
Jump up ^ "Crasnick: Starting 9 -- Bryce Harper, you're next". ESPN.com. 2010-06-02. Retrieved 2017-03-26.
Jump up ^ martinstezano (August 26, 2015). "6 Things You May Not Know About the World Series". A&E Television Networks, LLC. History Channel. Retrieved August 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ "World Series Club History". Baseball Almanac. Retrieved August 6, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Montreal Expos (1996). Expos Media Guide 1996.
Jump up ^ Blair, Jeff (June 15, 1991). "Brochu group goes to bat for baseball survival here; Expos sale official as Bronfman era ends". Montreal Gazette. pp. C.1.
Jump up ^ Montreal Expos (2000). Expos Media Guide 2000.
Jump up ^ Blair, Jeff (December 10, 1999). "Expos to field better team, Loria says Ebullient new chairman vows to increase salary limit, build new ballpark for 2002 season". The Globe and Mail. The Globe and Mail. pp. S.1.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Schoenfield, David (February 5, 2002). "Still 30 teams: Contraction timeline". ESPN.com. Retrieved February 19, 2009.
Jump up ^ Mnookin, Seth (2006). Feeding the Monster. How Money, Smarts, and Nerve Took a Team to the Top. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-7432-8681-2.
Jump up ^ "Deal in place, games go on" (Press release). MLB.com. August 30, 2002. Retrieved December 28, 2006.
Jump up ^ Myles, Stephanie (September 30, 2004). "31,395 say goodbye". Montreal Gazette. pp. C1.
Jump up ^ Bloom, Barry M. (September 29, 2004). "MLB selects D.C. for Expos". Major League Baseball Advanced Media. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Media Center". DCVote.org. Retrieved September 24, 2010.
Jump up ^ Plotkin, Mark (October 3, 2004). "The District's Senators Shouldn't Wear Cleats". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ "In Washington, it'll be "Let's go Nats"". USA Today. November 22, 2004.
Jump up ^ Ladson, Bill (November 22, 2004). "D.C.'s team to be the Nationals". Major League Baseball Advanced Media. Archived from the original on February 4, 2005. Retrieved April 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Barry Svrluga (June 5, 2007). "Nationals Counting on Draft-Day Payoff". Washington Post. p. E01.
Jump up ^ "Nationals pick JUCO player first overall". CBS Sports. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ Axisa, Mike. "Nationals Park to host 2018 All-Star Game". CBS Sports. Retrieved May 6, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Nationals Year-By-Year Results". Washington Nationals. Retrieved October 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Postseason Results". Washington Nationals. Retrieved 2016-10-26.
^ Jump up to: a b "Franchise Retired Numbers". Washington Nationals. Retrieved February 17, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Washington Nationals Pay Tribute to Hall of Famers with Ring of Honor". Washington Nationals. August 10, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d https://www.facebook.com/dan.steinberg.311. "Senators legend Frank Howard is humbled and thrilled to enter the Nats’ Ring of Honor". Washington Post. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Anonymous, "'Bucky' Harris field no longer a dream" The Times Leader, October 21, 2007
Jump up ^ "Frank Robinson inducted into Nationals Ring of Honor". Washington Post. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Frank Howard says Bryce Harper ‘hasn’t even begun to scratch the surface’". Washington Post. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "2005 Washington Nationals Schedule - Baseball-Reference.com". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "2006 Washington Nationals Schedule - Baseball-Reference.com". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "2007 Washington Nationals Schedule - Baseball-Reference.com". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "2008 Washington Nationals Schedule - Baseball-Reference.com". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "2009 Washington Nationals Schedule - Baseball-Reference.com". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "2010 Washington Nationals Schedule - Baseball-Reference.com". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "2011 Washington Nationals Schedule - Baseball-Reference.com". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "2012 Washington Nationals Schedule - Baseball-Reference.com". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "2013 Washington Nationals Schedule - Baseball-Reference.com". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "2014 Washington Nationals Schedule - Baseball-Reference.com". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "2015 Washington Nationals Schedule - Baseball-Reference.com". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "2016 Washington Nationals Schedule - Baseball-Reference.com". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Greenberg, Neil (June 11, 2014). "Besides the sacrifice of a rubber chicken, what's behind the Nats hot streak?". The Washington Post.
Jump up ^ Presidents Race Fan. "Davey Johnson calls for the sacrifice. Chicken Man delivers.". LetTeddyWin.com.
^ Jump up to: a b "Washington Nationals History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved November 5, 2008.
Jump up ^ Bill Ladson (October 26, 2007). "Young honored by Players Association". MLB.com. Retrieved November 8, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Nationals Dream Foundation". Washington Nationals. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Washington Nationals Join Civic, Community Organizations to Build Miracle Field". MLB.com. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ Miller, Steven (August 1, 2011). "Nationals unveil Miracle League Field". Nationals.com. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Nats, Post Radio Nearing Deal To Air Games". Retrieved October 5, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Nationals get new radio partner". Washington Business Journal. February 28, 2011. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Nationals pick radio partner". Baltimore Business Journal. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
Jump up ^ Fantis, Manny. "Washington Nationals Games on WUSA9 and MASN". Retrieved February 11, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Santangelo set to join Nats' TV team". Major League Baseball. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Rob Dibble Fired by Nationals in Wake of Stephen Strasburg Comments". AOL.com. Archived from the original on September 17, 2011. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
Jump up ^ Steinberg, Dan (July 7, 2008). "Nats: Last in the League, Last in TV Ratings". Washington Post.
Jump up ^ OURAND, JOHN (July 7, 2008). "MLB ratings down, but networks look ahead". Street and Smith's Sports Business Journal. Retrieved July 10, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Nationals' TV Ratings Improve". Retrieved October 5, 2014.
Jump up ^ Paulsen. "The Ratings Game: Ratings Up For Nationals, Orioles". Retrieved October 5, 2014.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Washington Nationals.
Official website
Washington Nationals roster
FOX Sports – Washington Nationals team front
Sandalow, Marc. "A Brand-New Ballgame: The New Stadium of the Nationals", Washingtonian, March 1, 2008.
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