text:
The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For the stage musical of the same name, see Priscilla, Queen of the Desert (musical).
The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Stephan Elliott
Produced by
Al Clark
Michael Hamlyn
Written by
Stephan Elliott
Starring
Terence Stamp
Hugo Weaving
Guy Pearce
Bill Hunter
Music by
Guy Gross
Cinematography
Brian J. Breheny
Edited by
Sue Blainey
Production
companies
PolyGram Filmed Entertainment
Specific Films
Distributed by
Gramercy Pictures
Release date
10 August 1994 (1994-08-10) (In United States)
8 September 1994 (1994-09-08) (In Australia)
Running time
103 minutes[1]
Country
Australia
Language
English
Budget
A$1,884,200
(US$2 million)
Box office
$29.7 million
The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert is a 1994 Australian comedy-drama film written and directed by Stephan Elliott. The plot follows two drag queens played by Hugo Weaving and Guy Pearce and a transgender woman, played by Terence Stamp, as they journey across the Australian Outback from Sydney to Alice Springs in a tour bus that they have named "Priscilla", along the way encountering various groups and individuals. The film's title references the slang term "queen" for a drag queen or female impersonator.
The film was a surprise worldwide hit[2] and its positive portrayal of LGBT individuals helped to introduce LGBT themes to a mainstream audience. It received predominantly positive reviews and won an Academy Award for Best Costume Design at the 67th Academy Awards. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section of the 1994 Cannes Film Festival[3] and became a cult classic in both Australia and abroad. Priscilla subsequently provided the basis for a musical, Priscilla, Queen of the Desert, which opened in 2006 in Sydney before travelling to New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Canada and Broadway.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Casting
3.3 Filming
3.4 Post-production
4 Release
4.1 Box office
4.2 Critical reaction
4.3 Accolades
4.4 Cultural impact and legacy
4.5 Racism and sexism controversy
5 Soundtrack
6 Home media
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
Anthony "Tick" Belrose (Hugo Weaving), using the drag pseudonym of Mitzi Del Bra, is a Sydney-based drag queen who accepts an offer to perform his drag act at Lasseters Hotel Casino Resort managed by his estranged wife Marion in Alice Springs, a remote town in central Australia. After persuading his friends and fellow performers, Bernadette Bassenger (Terence Stamp), a recently bereaved transgender woman, and Adam Whitely (Guy Pearce), a flamboyant and obnoxious younger drag queen who goes under the drag name Felicia Jollygoodfellow, to join him, the three set out for a four-week run at the casino in a large tour bus, which Adam christens "Priscilla, Queen of the Desert".
While on the long journey through remote lands bordering the Simpson Desert, they meet a variety of characters, including a group of friendly Aboriginal Australians for whom they perform, the less accepting attitudes of rural Australia in such towns as Coober Pedy, and are subjected to homophobic abuse, violence, including having their tour bus vandalized with homophobic graffiti.
When the tour bus breaks down in the middle of the desert, Adam spends the whole day repainting it lavender to cover up the vandalism. The trio later meet Bob, a middle-aged mechanic from a small outback town who joins them on their journey. Before they arrive at Alice Springs, Tick reveals that Marion is actually his wife, as they never divorced, and that they are actually going there as a favour to her. Continuing their journey, Adam is almost mutilated by a homophobic gang before he is saved by Bob and Bernadette. Adam is shaken and Bernadette comforts him, allowing them to reach an understanding. Likewise, the others come to terms with the secret of Tick's marriage and resolve their differences. Together, they fulfill a long-held dream of Adam's, which, in the original plan, is to climb Kings Canyon in full drag regalia.
Upon arrival at the hotel, it is revealed that Tick and Marion also have an eight-year-old son, Benjamin, whom Tick has not seen for many years. Tick is nervous about exposing his son to his drag profession and anxious about revealing his homosexuality, though he is surprised to discover that Benjamin already knows and is fully supportive of his father's sexuality and career. By the time their contract at the resort is over, Tick and Adam head back to Sydney, taking Benjamin back with them, so that Tick can get to know his son. However, Bernadette decides to remain at the resort for a while with Bob, who has decided to work at the hotel after the two of them had become close.
Cast[edit]
Terence Stamp as Bernadette Bassenger
Daniel Kellie as young Bernadette
Hugo Weaving as Anthony "Tick" Belrose/Mitzi Del Bra
Guy Pearce as Adam Whitely/Felicia Jollygoodfellow
Leighton Picken as young Adam
Bill Hunter as Robert "Bob" Spart
Sarah Chadwick as Marion Barber
Mark Holmes as Benjamin Barber
Julia Cortez as Cynthia Campos
Ken Radley as Frank
Margaret Pomeranz (uncredited) as Adam's mother
Stephan Elliott (uncredited) as Doorman
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert had originally been conceived by filmmakers Stephan Elliott and Andrena Finlay, who were at the time in production of a film called Frauds. They initially tried to pitch Priscilla to various financiers at the 1991 Cannes Film Festival, but were unsuccessful,[4] and so instead took the film's concept to PolyGram and, with the backing of the Australian Film Finance Corporation, were able to begin production of the film on a relatively low budget of 2.7 million Australian dollars.
Elliott and the film's producers, Michael Hamlyn and Al Clark, the latter of whom was the husband of Finlay, all agreed to work for $50,000 each, a relatively low fee for filmmakers at the time, while the lack of funding meant that the crew agreed to receive takings of the film's eventual profits in compensation for their low salaries.[5] Due to the involvement of the Australian FFC, only one non-Australian actor was allowed to appear in the film, and Clark initially considered David Bowie, whom he had known back in the 1980s, and later briefly thought of John Hurt, although neither was available.[6]
Casting[edit]
In May 1993, after travelling around the Australian Outback searching for appropriate sites to film in, Priscilla's creators attended the Cannes to advertise their project, despite the fact that they had not yet confirmed any actors for the roles. Their primary choice for the role of Bernadette was Tony Curtis, who read and approved of the script, but eventually became unavailable. They then approached John Cleese, who was not interested.
For the part of Tick, they had initially wanted Rupert Everett and for Adam they wanted Jason Donovan.[7] However, at a pre-production casting meeting held at Cannes, Everett and Donovan did not get on well with one another and were found to be openly hostile toward the production staff. In light of this, it was readily agreed that they would not be suitable for the parts[8] and the search for their three leading men would resume. However, Donovan would go on to play Tick in the West End musical adaptation of the film.
After unsuccessfully lobbying Colin Firth to play the role, producers eventually awarded the part to Hugo Weaving. Initially considering Tim Curry for the part of Bernadette, they cast Terence Stamp, who was initially anxious about the role because it was unlike anything that he had performed previously, although he eventually came on board with the concept.[9] Stamp himself suggested Bill Hunter for the role of Bob, who accepted the role without even reading the script or being told anything about the greater concept of the film other than the basic character description, while Australian actor Guy Pearce was hired at the eleventh hour direct from the Australian soap opera Snowy River to portray the sassy but sprite Adam.[10]
Filming[edit]
It is striking what an effect the disguise of drag is having on [the actors'] personalities. It makes Guy [Pearce] flirtatious, combative and loud. It makes Terence [Stamp] withdrawn and watchful ("Hello sailor," he greets me warily with his back to the wall, looking like a fallen woman in a '50s melodrama.) It makes Hugo extraordinarily trashy.
Al Clark[11]
Many scenes, including one where Bernadette encounters a butch, bigoted, Australian woman named Shirley, were filmed at the Outback town of Broken Hill in New South Wales, largely in a hotel known as Mario's Palace, also small scenes filmed in the All Nations Hotel, which Al Clark believed was "drag queen heaven".[12] They also decided to film at Coober Pedy, a rough-and-tumble mining town in Central Australia featured prominently in the film.[13]
Initially, they tried to get permission to film upon the geological formation formerly known as Ayers Rock or "the Rock" (Uluru), but this was rejected by organizations responsible for the monument, such as the Uluru Board of Management, as it would have been in violation of Indigenous Australian religious beliefs.[14] Instead, the scene was filmed in King's Canyon.[15] Dialogue from the scene was rewritten slightly to accommodate the new location.
Post-production[edit]
With filming over, the director and producers began editing the footage, repeatedly travelling to both London and to Los Angeles, which had then just been hit by the 1994 Northridge earthquake. On the advice of early viewers, the film was shortened and scenes such as Adam's flashback about his paedophilic uncle were edited.[16]
Release[edit]
Box office[edit]
The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert took $18,459,245 at the box office in Australia,[17] which is equivalent to $28,529,000 in 2010. [18]
Being an Australian film, not an American-produced Hollywood blockbuster, Priscilla was released as a minor commercial product in North America and other English-speaking nations.[19]
Director Elliott noted that the audiences viewing the film in Australia, the United States, and France all reacted to it differently, going on to state that "At a screening we had for an Australian audience, they laughed at all the Aussieisms. The Americans laughed too, but at different jokes. There is a line where Tick says, 'Bernadette has left her cake out in the rain...' [The French audience] didn't get it, whereas the Americans laughed for ten minutes."[20] Tom O'Regan, a scholar of film studies, remarked that the film actually carried different meanings for members of different nationalities and subcultural groups, with LGBT Americans believing that the film was "the big one that will bring gay lifestyles into the mainstream", while Australians tended to "embrace it as just another successful Australian film".[21]
Critical reaction[edit]
On Rotten Tomatoes, Priscilla has a 95% "fresh" rating based on 43 reviews, with an average rating of 7.2/10; the consensus states: "While its premise is ripe for comedy — and it certainly delivers its fair share of laughs —, Priscilla is also a surprisingly tender and thoughtful road movie with some outstanding performances."[22] Metacritic reports a 68 out of 100 rating, based on 19 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[23]
American film critic Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times felt that Bernadette was the key part of the film, stating that "the real subject of the movie is not homosexuality, not drag queens, not showbiz, but simply the life of a middle-aged person trapped in a job that has become tiresome."[24] Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote "The Adventures of Priscilla Queen of the Desert presents a defiant culture clash in generous, warmly entertaining ways."[25] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone commented "In this roaringly comic and powerfully affecting road movie, Terence Stamp gives one of the year’s best performances."[25] Kenneth Turan from the Los Angeles Times wrote "The comic pizazz and bawdy dazzle of this film’s vision of gaudy drag performers trekking across the Australian outback certainly has a boisterous, addictive way about it."[25]
Accolades[edit]
Award
Category
Subject
Result
AACTA Award
(1994 AFI Awards) Best Film Al Clark, Michael Hamlyn Nominated
Best Direction Stephan Elliott Nominated
Best Original Screenplay Nominated
Best Actor Terence Stamp Nominated
Hugo Weaving Nominated
Best Cinematography Brian J. Breheny Nominated
Best Original Music Score Guy Gross Nominated
Best Production Design Owen Paterson Won
Best Costume Design Tim Chappel, Lizzy Gardiner Won
Academy Award Best Costume Design Won
BAFTA Awards Best Costume Design Won
Best Original Screenplay Stephan Elliott Nominated
Best Actor Terence Stamp Nominated
Best Production Design Colin Gibson Nominated
Owen Paterson Nominated
Best Makeup and Hair Angela Conte Won
Cassie Hanlon Won
Strykermeyer Won
Best Cinematography Brian J. Breheny Nominated
GLAAD Media Award Outstanding Film – Wide Release Won
Golden Globe Award Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy Terence Stamp Nominated
Outfest Audience Award for Outstanding Narrative Feature Stephan Elliott Won
Seattle International Film Festival Golden Space Needle Award for Best Film Won
Golden Space Needle Award for Best Actor Terence Stamp Won
Writers Guild of America Best Original Screenplay Stephan Elliott Nominated
The film was ranked 7th on Logo's 50 Greatest Films with an LGBT theme,[26] and #10 on AfterElton's Fifty Greatest Gay Movies list.[27]
Cultural impact and legacy[edit]
A drag queen homage to the film's costumes on Fire Island Pines.
Priscilla, along with other contemporary Australian films Young Einstein (1988), Sweetie (1989), Strictly Ballroom (1992), and Muriel's Wedding (1994), provided Australian cinema with a reputation for "quirkiness", "eccentricity" and "individuality" across the world.[2] Both Priscilla and Muriel's Wedding (which had also featured a soundtrack containing ABBA songs) in particular became cult classics, not only in their native Australia, but also in the United Kingdom, where a wave of Australian influences, such as the soap operas Neighbours and Home and Away, had made their mark in the late 1980s and early 1990s.[28]
In 1995, an American film, To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar, was released, featuring three drag queens who travel across the United States. According to Al Clark, the creators of Priscilla heard about the film while shooting theirs, and "for a moment [were] troubled" until they read the script of To Wong Foo, when they decided that it was sufficiently different from Priscilla to not be a commercial and critical threat.[29] To Wong Foo proved to be critically far less successful than Priscilla, only gaining a 41% fresh score on Rotten Tomatoes.[30] Financially however, To Wong Foo did better at the box office making three times as much in the U.S. with over 36 million dollars.[31]
During the Closing Ceremony of the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Priscilla was part of a parade of images of Australian popular culture. A 1980 Ford Denning (resembling the bus used in the film) featuring a giant steel stiletto heel which extended from and retracted into the roof — inspired by scenes from the film — paraded around the Olympic Stadium. The bus was accompanied by several stiletto heel tricycle floats and drag queens in big wigs in tribute to the film's international success and the local Sydney gay community.[32][33] The music video for Iggy Azalea's 2013 single "Work" paid homage to scenes from the film.[34]
Racism and sexism controversy[edit]
The film has come under criticism for alleged racist and sexist elements, particularly in the portrayal of the Filipina character, Cynthia. Melba Margison of the Centre for Filipino Concerns stated that Cynthia was portrayed as "a gold-digger, a prostitute, an entertainer whose expertise is popping out ping-pong balls from her sex-organ, a manic depressive, loud and vulgar. The worst stereotype of the Filipina." She argued that, by portraying Cynthia in this manner, the filmmakers were "violently kill[ing]" the dignity of Filipina women, something that she feared would lead to "more violence against us".[35] An editor writing in The Age echoed these concerns, highlighting that "It is perhaps a pity that a film with a message of tolerance and acceptance for homosexuals should feel the need of what looks very much to us like a racist and sexist stereotype."[35] Similarly, in his study of bisexuality in cinema, Wayne M. Bryant argued that while it was "an excellent film", The Adventures of Priscilla was marred by "instances of gratuitous sexism".[36]
Producer Clark defended the film against these accusations, arguing that while Cynthia was a stereotype, it was not the purpose of filmmakers to avoid the portrayal of "vulnerable characters" from specific minority backgrounds. He stated that she was "a misfit like the three protagonists are, and just about everybody else in the film is, and her presence is no more a statement about Filipino women than having three drag queens is a statement about Australian men."[35] Tom O'Regan noted that as a result of this controversy, the film gained "an ambiguous reputation."[37]
Soundtrack[edit]
Main article: The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert (soundtrack)
The film featured a soundtrack made up of pre-existing "camp classics" (pop music songs that have a particular fanbase in the LGBT community). The original plan by the film's creators was to have a Kylie Minogue song in the finale, although it was later decided that an ABBA song would be more appropriate because its "tacky qualities" were "more timeless"[38] (although in the musical adaptation, the character Adam performs a medley of Kylie Minogue songs atop Uluru). The film itself featured four main songs, which were performed by two or more of the drag queens as a part of their show within the film; "I've Never Been to Me" by Charlene, "I Will Survive" by Gloria Gaynor, "Finally" by CeCe Peniston, and "Mamma Mia" by ABBA. On 23 August 1994, Fontana Island released the soundtrack on CD.[39]
Original music for the soundtrack was composed by Guy Gross, with choral arrangements by Derek Williams, and released separately on CD.[40]
Home media[edit]
On 14 November 1995, the film was released on VHS. On 7 October 1997, it was released on DVD with a collectible trivia booklet.
In 2004, a 10th Anniversary Collector's Edition was released on DVD in Australia with the following special features: a feature-length audio commentary with writer/director Stephan Elliott, three deleted scenes, two featurettes: "Behind the Bus: Priscilla with Her Pants Down" and "Ladies Please", cast and crew biographies, the original Australian theatrical trailer, US theatrical and teaser trailers, and a number of hidden features
In 2006, it was re-released on DVD in Australia with the following special features: a feature-length audio commentary with writer/director Elliott, "Birth of a Queen" (featurette), deleted scenes, tidbits from the Set, "The Bus from Blooperville" – Gag reel documentary, a photo gallery, and US theatrical and teaser trailers.
On 5 June 2007, it was re-released in the United States as the "Extra Frills Edition" DVD. This edition includes the same special features as the Australian 2006 re-release. On 7 June 2011, it was released for US Blu-ray.
In Australia, it is available on the subscription streaming platform Stan.
See also[edit]
Cinema of Australia
Transgender characters in film and television
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "THE ADVENTURES OF PRISCILLA QUEEN OF THE DESERT (15)". British Board of Film Classification. 9 August 1994. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b O'Regan 1996. p. 49.
Jump up ^ "The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert". Festival de Cannes. Retrieved 31 August 2009.
Jump up ^ Clark 1994. pp. 05–06.
Jump up ^ Clark 1994. pp. 06–07 and 10.
Jump up ^ Clark 1994. pp. 14–16.
Jump up ^ Clark 1994. pp. 38–41.
Jump up ^ Clark 1994 pp. 52–55.
Jump up ^ Clark 1994. pp. 58–64.
Jump up ^ Clark 1994. pp. 64–65.
Jump up ^ Clark 1994. pp. 73–74.
Jump up ^ Clark 1994. pp. 24–25.
Jump up ^ Clark 1994. p. 31.
Jump up ^ Clark 1994. pp. 13–14.
Jump up ^ Clark 1994. pp. 69–70.
Jump up ^ Clark 1994. pp. 110–111.
Jump up ^ "Australian Films at the Australian Box Office" (PDF). Film Victoria. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
Jump up ^ Australian Consumer Price Inflation figures follow the Long Term Linked Series provided in Australian Bureau of Statistics (2011) 6461.0 – Consumer Price Index: Concepts, Sources and Methods, 2011 as explained at §§3.10–3.11; this series comprises "from 1901 to 1914, the A Series Retail Price Index; from 1914 to 1946–47, the C Series Retail Price Index; from 1946–47 to 1948–49, a combination of the C Series Index, excluding rent, and the housing group of the CPI; and from 1948–49 onwards, the CPI." (3.10). Retrieved May 4, 2015
Jump up ^ O'Regan 1996. p. 88.
Jump up ^ Epstein 1994. p. 06.
Jump up ^ O'Regan 1996. p. 55.
Jump up ^ "The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (26 August 1994). "The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert". Chicago Sun-Times (129). Retrieved 4 May 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c Alexander Ryll (2014). "Essential Gay Themed Films To Watch, The Adventures of Priscilla Queen of the Desert". Gay Essential. Retrieved 22 December 2014.
Jump up ^ Hernandez, Greg (11 August 2006). "Logo List: 50 Greatest LGBT Films". Out in Hollywood. Los Angeles Newspaper Group. Archived from the original on 15 September 2011. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
Jump up ^ Staff (7 September 2008). "The Fifty Greatest Gay Movies!". AfterElton.com. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
Jump up ^ Turner 2010. p. 332–333.
Jump up ^ Clark 1994. p. 88.
Jump up ^ "To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on 14 November 2009. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything, Julie Newmar (1995)". Box Office Mojo. 1995-10-31. Retrieved 2016-08-19.
Jump up ^ "Shoe bike from Sydney Olympic Games closing ceremony". Powerhouse Museum Collection. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "Colin Dent collection". Canberra: National Museum of Australia. Retrieved 8 June 2011.
Jump up ^ Alexis, Nedeska (March 14, 2013). "Iggy Azalea's 'Work' Video Inspired By Outkast". MTV News. Retrieved May 8, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c Cafarella, The Age, 7 October 1994.
Jump up ^ Bryant 1997. p. 108.
Jump up ^ O'Regan 1996. p. 142.
Jump up ^ Clark 1994. p. 34.
Jump up ^ The Adventures Of Priscilla: Queen Of The Desert - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack. Discogs
Jump up ^ The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert. The Priscilla Companion: Dialogue from the film & Original Music Score by Guy Gross. Discogs
Bibliography
Brophy, Philip (2008). Australian Screen Classics: The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert. Currency Press. ISBN 978-0-86819-821-7.
Bryant, Wayne M. (1997). Bisexual Characters in Film: From Anaïs to Zee. Binghampton, New York: The Haworth Press. ISBN 978-0-7890-0142-9.
Clark, Al (1994). Making Priscilla. New York and London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-452-27484-6.
Epstein, Jan (October 1994). "Stephan Elliott". Cinema Papers (101): 04–10. ISSN 0311-3639.
Miller, Helen (1998). "Race, Nationality and Gender in The Adventures of Priscilla: Queen of the Desert". In Asia Pacific Research Group. Gender in Asia: Gender, Culture and Society in the Asia Pacific Subgroup. Rockhampton, Queensland: Central Queensland University. ISBN 978-1-875902-84-2.
O'Regan, Tom (1996). Australian National Cinema. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-05730-1.
Riggs, Damien W. (2006). Priscilla, (White) Queen of the Desert: Queer Rights/Race Privilege. New York: Peter Lang. ISBN 978-0-8204-8658-1.
Turner, Alwyn W. (2010). Rejoice! Rejoice! Britain in the 1980s. London: Aurum Press. ISBN 978-1-84513-525-6.
Further reading
Padva, Gilad (2000). "Priscilla Fights Back: The Politicization of Camp Subculture". Journal of Communication Inquiry. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications. 24 (2): 216–243. doi:10.1177/0196859900024002007. ISSN 1552-4612.
External links[edit]
The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert on IMDb
The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert at Box Office Mojo
The Adventures of Priscilla Queen of the Desert at Oz Movies
The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert at Rotten Tomatoes
The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert at Metacritic
The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert on AustralianScreen Online
Iconic Priscilla bus given to Broken Hill - By Margaret Paul at Australian Broadcasting Corporation
show
v
t
e
Films directed by Stephan Elliott
Frauds (1993)
The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert (1994)
Welcome to Woop Woop (1997)
Eye of the Beholder (1999)
Easy Virtue (2008)
A Few Best Men (2011)
Swinging Safari (2018)
show
v
t
e
GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Film – Wide Release
1990s
The Handmaid's Tale / Longtime Companion (1991)
Frankie and Johnny / Fried Green Tomatoes (1992)
Philadelphia (1994)
The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert / Go Fish (1995)
Boys on the Side (1996)
Bound (1997)
In & Out (1998)
Gods and Monsters (1999)
2000s
Being John Malkovich (2000)
Billy Elliot (2001)
The Mexican (2002)
The Hours (2003)
Bend It Like Beckham (2004)
Kinsey (2005)
Brokeback Mountain (2006)
Little Miss Sunshine (2007)
Stardust (2008)
Milk (2009)
2010s
A Single Man (2010)
The Kids Are All Right (2011)
Beginners (2012)
The Perks of Being a Wallflower (2013)
Philomena (2014)
The Imitation Game (2015)
Carol (2016)
Moonlight (2017)
Call Me by Your Name (2018)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Adventures_of_Priscilla,_Queen_of_the_Desert&oldid=856670280"
Categories:
1994 films
English-language films
Australian films
1990s adventure films
1990s buddy films
1990s comedy-drama films
1990s independent films
1990s LGBT-related films
1990s road movies
Australian comedy-drama films
Australian independent films
Australian LGBT-related films
Films directed by Stephan Elliott
Films set in Sydney
Films set in South Australia
Films set in the Northern Territory
Films shot in Sydney
Films shot in New South Wales
Films shot in South Australia
Films that won the Best Costume Design Academy Award
Gramercy Pictures films
LGBT-related comedy-drama films
PolyGram Filmed Entertainment films
Road movies
Transgender in film
Films scored by Guy Gross
Films adapted into plays
Films shot in the Northern Territory
Hidden categories:
Use Australian English from May 2011
All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English
Use dmy dates from June 2011
Pages using infobox film with unknown parameters
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Català
Čeština
Cymraeg
Deutsch
Emiliàn e rumagnòl
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
Fiji Hindi
Français
Italiano
עברית
Magyar
Nederlands
日本語
Polski
Português
Русский
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
ไทย
中文
14 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 26 August 2018, at 21:08 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

values: Priscilla, Queen of the Desert (musical)

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

attrs: colspan class style

value: tr

attrs: href class

value: td

attrs: scope style

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values:
/wiki/Film_Finance_Corporation
mw-redirect
Film Finance Corporation

values:
quotebox pullquote floatright
width:246px; ;

values:
/wiki/Broken_Hill,_New_South_Wales
mw-redirect
Broken Hill, New South Wales

values: background: #FDD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;

values: AACTA Award for Best Original Screenplay

values: AACTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role

values: AACTA Award for Best Original Music Score

values: background: #99FF99; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;

values: BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay

values: BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role

values: Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy

values:
/wiki/Logo_(TV_channel)
mw-redirect
Logo (TV channel)

values: Edit section: Cultural impact and legacy

values:
/wiki/Fire_Island_Pines
mw-redirect
Fire Island Pines

values:
/wiki/Telstra_Stadium
mw-redirect
Telstra Stadium

values:
/wiki/Gay_community
mw-redirect
Gay community

values: Edit section: Racism and sexism controversy

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.derekwilliams.net

values: Transgender characters in film and television

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0311-3639

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/1552-4612

values:
nofollow
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0109045/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://australianscreen.com.au/
external text

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values: Template:GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Film – Wide Release

values: Template talk:GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Film – Wide Release

values:
col
navbox-title
2
background-color: #fbb;

values:
row
navbox-group
background-color: #fbb;;width:1%

values: Category:Films directed by Stephan Elliott

values: Category:Films set in the Northern Territory

values: Category:Films that won the Best Costume Design Academy Award

values: Category:PolyGram Filmed Entertainment films

values: Category:Films shot in the Northern Territory

values: Category:Use Australian English from May 2011

values: Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English

values: Category:Pages using infobox film with unknown parameters

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values: Dobrodružství Priscilly, královny pouště – Czech

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values: The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert (ffilm 1994) – Welsh

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cy
display: none;

values: Priscilla - La regina del deserto – Emiliano-Romagnolo

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eml
display: none;

values: Las aventuras de Priscilla, reina del desierto – Spanish

values: Aventuroj de Priscilla, Reĝino de la dezerto – Esperanto

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values: The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert – Basque

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values: The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert – Fiji Hindi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hif
display: none;

values: Priscilla - La regina del deserto – Italian

values: הרפתקאותיה של פריסילה, מלכת המדבר – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values: Priscilla, a sivatag királynőjének kalandjai – Hungarian

values: The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert – Dutch

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert – Portuguese

values: Приключения Присциллы, королевы пустыни – Russian

values: The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert – Serbo-Croatian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values: Priscilla - öknens drottning (film) – Swedish

values: ผู้ชายอะเฮ้ว! – Thai

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-The_Adventures_of_Priscilla_Queen_of_the_Desert rootpage-The_Adventures_of_Priscilla_Queen_of_the_Desert skin-vector action-view


text:
List of smaller islands in New York City
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
In addition to the three principal islands of New York City—Manhattan Island, Staten Island and part of Long Island—each borough contains several smaller islands. New York City contains about 36 to 42 islands in total.[1]
Contents
1 The Bronx
2 Brooklyn
3 Manhattan
4 Queens
5 Staten Island
6 See also
7 References
The Bronx[edit]
Hunter Island, no longer an island, part of Pelham Bay Park
Twin Island, no longer an island, part of Pelham Bay Park
North Brother Island (East River)
South Brother Island (East River)
Pelham Islands, historical name for a group of mostly uninhabited islands in western Long Island Sound
The Blauzes
Chimney Sweeps Islands
City Island, only inhabited island in the borough
Hart Island
High Island
Rat Island
Rikers Island (East River), location of New York City's jail
Brooklyn[edit]
Canarsie Pol, uninhabited, 222-acre (90 ha) island in Jamaica Bay
Mau Mau Island (also called White Island), located in Marine Park
Ruffle Bar (Jamaica Bay)
Manhattan[edit]
Ellis Island (New York Harbor), shared with New Jersey
Governors Island (New York Harbor)
Liberty Island (New York Harbor)
Mill Rock (East River)
Randalls and Wards Islands, joined by landfill (East River)
Roosevelt Island (East River)
U Thant Island, legally Belmont Island (East River)
Queens[edit]
Hog Island, destroyed
Rulers Bar Hassock, home to Broad Channel (Jamaica Bay)
Ruffle Bar (Jamaica Bay)
Staten Island[edit]
Isle of Meadows (Arthur Kill)
Prall's Island (Arthur Kill)
Shooters Island (Kill van Kull), shared with New Jersey
Hoffman Island (Lower New York Bay)
Swinburne Island (Lower New York Bay)
See also[edit]
List of New York City lists
List of islands of New York
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.thirteen.org/metrofocus/2011/10/the-archipelago-of-new-york-city/
hide
v
t
e
Islands of New York City
Major islands
Long
Manhattan
Staten
Pelham Islands
The Blauzes
Chimney Sweeps
City
Green Flats
Hart
High
Hunter
Rat
Twin
New York Bay
Ellis
Governors
Hoffman
Liberty
Swinburne
Jamaica Bay
Barren
Coney
Canarsie Pol
Mau Mau
Ruffle Bar
Rulers Bar Hassock (Broad Channel)
Arthur Kill · Kill Van Kull
Isle of Meadows
Prall's
Shooters
East River
Mill Rock
North and South Brother
Randalls and Wards
Rikers
Roosevelt
U Thant (Belmont)
Former islands shown in italics
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smaller_islands_in_New_York_City&oldid=835905981"
Categories:
Islands of New York City
New York City-related lists
Lists of landforms of New York (state)
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Boarisch
Deutsch
日本語
Edit links
This page was last edited on 11 April 2018, at 13:57 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

attrs: href title

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/Manhattan_Island
mw-redirect
Manhattan Island

values:
/wiki/Borough_(New_York_City)
mw-redirect
Borough (New York City)

value: sup

value: p

value: input

attrs: type role id class style

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

value: label

attrs: class for

values: toctogglelabel toctogglecheckbox

value: span

attrs: class dir

values: toctitle ltr

values:
/wiki/Hunter_Island,_New_York
mw-redirect
Hunter Island, New York

values:
/wiki/Twin_Island,_New_York
mw-redirect
Twin Island, New York

values: North and South Brother Islands, East River

values:
/wiki/Hart_Island,_New_York
mw-redirect
Hart Island, New York

values:
/wiki/High_Island,_New_York
mw-redirect
High Island, New York

values:
/wiki/Rat_Island,_New_York
mw-redirect
Rat Island, New York

values:
/wiki/Marine_Park_(Brooklyn)
mw-redirect
Marine Park (Brooklyn)

values:
/wiki/Kill_van_Kull
mw-redirect
Kill van Kull

values:
/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_lists
mw-redirect
List of New York City lists

values:
/wiki/List_of_islands_of_New_York
mw-redirect
List of islands of New York

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
navbox-image
6
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values:
/wiki/Twin_Island_(Bronx)
mw-redirect
Twin Island (Bronx)

values: North and South Brother Islands, New York City

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible

values: Category:Lists of landforms of New York (state)

values:
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
interface

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: Liste der Inseln in New York City – German

values: ニューヨーク市の小島の一覧 – Japanese

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-List_of_smaller_islands_in_New_York_City rootpage-List_of_smaller_islands_in_New_York_City skin-vector action-view


text:
Underwater sports
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Competitive underwater sports
This article is about competitive underwater sports. For underwater diving techniques and recreational underwater diving activities, see Freediving, Recreational diving, Scuba diving and snorkelling
Underwater sports
Highest governing body
Organisations include:
CMAS
AIDA International
World Aquachallenge Association (WAA)
Characteristics
Mixed gender
Yes
Type
Outdoor:
Openwater
Confined water
Indoor:
Swimming pool
Presence
Olympic
No demonstration events as of July 2013.
Underwater sports is a group of competitive sports using one or a combination of the following underwater diving techniques - breath-hold, snorkelling or scuba including the use of equipment such as diving masks and fins. These sports are conducted in the natural environment at sites such as open water and sheltered or confined water such as lakes and in artificial aquatic environments such as swimming pools. Underwater sports include the following - aquathlon (i.e. underwater wrestling), finswimming, freediving, spearfishing, sport diving, underwater football, underwater hockey, underwater ice hockey, underwater orienteering, underwater photography, underwater rugby, underwater target shooting and underwater video.
Contents
[hide]
1 The sports
1.1 Aquathlon
1.2 Finswimming
1.3 Freediving
1.4 Spearfishing
1.5 Sport diving
1.6 Underwater football
1.7 Underwater hockey
1.8 Underwater ice hockey
1.9 Underwater orienteering
1.10 Underwater photography
1.11 Underwater rugby
1.12 Underwater target shooting
1.13 Underwater video
2 Governance
3 Competition at international level
3.1 Olympic Games
3.2 Paralympic Games
3.3 World championships and world cups
3.4 World Games
3.5 Commonwealth Games
3.6 Universiade
3.7 Other multi-sport events
4 Gallery
5 See also
5.1 Championships and other international events
5.2 Equipment
6 References
7 External links
The sports[edit]
Aquathlon[edit]
Further information: Aquathlon (underwater wrestling)
Aquathlon (also known as underwater wrestling) is an underwater sport where two competitors wearing masks and fins wrestle underwater in an attempt to remove a ribbon from each other’s ankle band in order to win the bout. The "combat" takes place in a 5-metre (16 ft) square ring within a swimming pool, and is made up of three 30-second rounds, with a fourth round played in the event of a tie. The sport originated during the 1980s in the former USSR (now Russia) and was first played at international level in 1993. It was recognised by Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS) in 2008.[1][2][3][4]
Finswimming[edit]
Further information: Finswimming
Finswimming is an underwater sport consisting of four techniques involving swimming with the use of fins either on the water's surface using a snorkel using either monofins or bifins (i.e. one fin for each foot) or underwater with monofin either by holding one's breathe or underwater using open circuit scuba diving equipment. Events exist over distances similar to swimming competitions for both swimming pool and open water venues. Competition at world and continental level is organised by CMAS. The sport's first world championship was held in 1976. It also has been featured at the World Games as a trend sport since 1981 and was demonstrated at the 2013 Summer Universiade in July 2013.[5][6][7][8]
Freediving[edit]
Further information: Freediving
Competitive freediving is currently governed by two world associations: AIDA International (International Association for Development of Apnea) and CMAS. Most types of competitive freediving have in common that it is an individual sport based on the best individual achievement. An exception to this rule is the bi-annual World Championship for Teams, held by AIDA, where the combined score of the team members makes up the team's total points. There are currently nine disciplines used by official governing bodies and a dozen disciplines that are only practiced locally. In this article, the recognized disciplines of AIDA and CMAS will be described. All disciplines can be done by both men and women and, while done outdoors, no differences in the environment between records are recognized any longer. The disciplines of AIDA can be done both in competition and as a record attempt, with the exception of Variable Weight and No limits, which are both done solely as record attempts.[9]
Spearfishing[edit]
Spearfishing (also known as competition spearfishing) as an underwater sport involves the hunting and capture of fish underwater using breath-hold technique and a tackle system such as a speargun as part of a tournament of fixed duration involving other competitors.[10]
Sport diving[edit]
Further information: Sport diving (sport)
Sport Diving is an underwater sport that uses recreational open circuit scuba diving equipment and consists of a set of individual and team events conducted in a swimming pool that test the competitors’ competency in recreational scuba diving technique. The sport was developed in Spain during the late 1990s and is currently played mainly in Europe. It is known as Plongée Sportive in French and as Buceo De Competición in Spanish.[11]
Underwater football[edit]
Further information: Underwater football
Underwater football is a two-team underwater sport that shares common elements with underwater hockey and underwater rugby. As with both of those games, it is played in a swimming pool with snorkelling equipment (mask, snorkel, and fins).[12]
Underwater hockey[edit]
Further information: Underwater hockey
Underwater hockey (UWH; also called Octopush and Water Hockey locally) is a globally played limited-contact sport in which two teams compete to manoeuvre a puck across the bottom of a swimming pool into the opposing team's goal by propelling it with a stick.[13] It originated in England in 1954 when the founder of the newly formed Southsea Sub-Aqua Club invented the game as a means of keeping the club's members interested and active over the cold winter months when open-water diving lost its appeal. Underwater hockey was first played as a world championship in Canada in 1980 after a false start brought about by international politics in 1979. CMAS is the world governing body for this sport.[citation needed]
Underwater ice hockey[edit]
Further information: Underwater ice hockey
Underwater ice hockey (also called sub-aqua ice hockey) is a minor extreme sport that is a variant of ice hockey. It is played upside-down underneath frozen pools or ponds. Participants wear diving masks, fins and wetsuits and use the underside of the frozen surface as the playing area for a floating puck. Competitors do not utilize any breathing apparatuses, but instead surface for air every 30 seconds.[14][15]
Underwater orienteering[edit]
Further information: Underwater orienteering
Underwater orienteering is an underwater sport that uses recreational open circuit scuba diving equipment and consists of a set of individual and team events conducted in both sheltered and open water that test the competitors’ competency in underwater navigation. The competition is principally concerned with the effectiveness of navigation technique used by competitors to swim an underwater course following a route marked on a map prepared by the competition organisers, a compass and a counter meter to measure the distance covered. The sport was developed in the USSR during the late 1950s and is currently played mainly in Europe. It is known as Orientation Sub in French and as La Orientación Subacuática in Spanish. Historically, the sport has also been known as Technical Disciplines.[16]
Underwater photography[edit]
Further information: Underwater photography (sport)
Underwater photography is an scuba-based underwater sport governed by CMAS where teams of competitors using digital underwater camera systems all dive at the same saltwater ocean sites at the same time over a two-day period. The submitted digital images are then assessed and ranked by a jury using a maximum of five photographic categories as well as an overall score. The sport was developed prior to 1985 as a photographic film-based event and is currently mainly practised in non-English speaking countries.[17]
Underwater rugby[edit]
Further information: Underwater rugby
Underwater rugby (UWR) is an underwater sport whose play involves two teams seeking to gain control of a slightly negatively buoyant ball (filled with saltwater) and passing it into a heavy metal bucket serving as the opponents’ goal at the bottom of a swimming pool. It originated from within the physical fitness training regime existing in German diving clubs during the early 1960s and has little in common with rugby football except for the name. It was recognised by CMAS in 1978 and was first played as a world championship in 1980.[18]
Underwater target shooting[edit]
Further information: Underwater target shooting
Underwater target shooting is an underwater sport that tests a competitors’ ability to accurately use a speargun via a set of individual and team events conducted in a swimming pool using free diving or Apnoea technique. The sport was developed in France during the early 1980s and is currently practised mainly in Europe. It is known as Tir sur cible subaquatique in French and as Tiro al Blanco Subacuático in Spanish.[19]
Underwater video[edit]
Underwater video is an scuba-based underwater sport governed by CMAS where teams of competitors using digital underwater video systems all dive at the same saltwater ocean sites at the same time over a two-day period. The submitted digital video are then assessed and ranked by a jury.[20][21]
Governance[edit]
The majority of the sporting disciplines listed above are governed by CMAS. Other organisations involved in governance of underwater sports include AIDA International[22] and the World Aquachallenge Association[23] which also respectively govern Freediving and Underwater Hockey in competition with CMAS while the Manitoba Underwater Council governs Underwater Football.[24] As of July 2013, it is not known who governs Underwater Ice Hockey.
Competition at international level[edit]
Olympic Games[edit]
As of 2013, there has been no competition at an Olympic Games by any underwater sport, even as a demonstration, although the following breath-hold events have been conducted as part of the swimming competition - underwater swimming event at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris and a plunge for distance event at the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis, Missouri.[25] During the 1950s and the 1960s, various parties including the Amateur Athletic Union of the United States and the International Underwater Spearfishing Association lobbied for the admission of spearfishing to the Olympics. It is reported that in 1968, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) voted in favour of synchronized swimming over spearfishing.[26][27][28] In 1999, finswimming was reported as being considered for inclusion in the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.[29] In 2002, Underwater sports was one of the sports considered by the IOC for addition to the programme of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. It and eight other sports were declined admission on the basis of:[30]
Statistics reviewed on federation affiliation, nations competing in major events and broadcast and press coverage of major events for most requested sports did not indicate a higher level of global participation and interest than sports currently in the Programme, and therefore could not be considered to bring additional value.
Paralympic Games[edit]
As August 2013, there has been no Paralympic competition by any underwater sport, even as a demonstration.[citation needed]
World championships and world cups[edit]
Sport Body Year Event type Location Nations
Aquathlon CMAS 2009 World Cup Not known Not known
Finswimming CMAS 1976 World Championship Hanover, Germany[31] Not known
Freediving AIDA 1996 World Championship Nice, France[citation needed] Not known
Spearfishing CMAS 1957 World Championship Mali Losinj, Yugoslavia[32] Not known
Sport Diving CMAS 2013 World Championship Kazan, Russia[33] 8
Underwater football MUC 2015[citation needed] World Championship[citation needed] Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada[citation needed] not known
Underwater hockey CMAS 1980 World Championship Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada[34] 5
Underwater Ice Hockey Not known 2007 World Cup Weissensee, Austria[35] 8
Underwater orienteering CMAS 1973 World Championship Lokve, Yugoslavia [36] Not known
Underwater photography CMAS 1985 World Championship Genoa, Italy[37] Not known
Underwater rugby CMAS 1980 World Championship Mullheim, Germany [38] Not known
Underwater target shooting CMAS 1999[39] World Championship Not known Not known
Underwater video CMAS 2010 World Championship Fuerteventura, Canary Island, Spain[40] 7
World Games[edit]
Further information: Finswimming at the World Games
Finswimming has been featured at the World Games as a trend sport since the inaugural games in 1981.[7][41]
Commonwealth Games[edit]
As of August 2013, no underwater sport has been conducted at a Commonwealth Games or is currently listed as an optional sport. However, a group of countries belonging to the Commonwealth of Nations has conducted at least one finswimming championship under the title of the Commonwealth Finswimming Championships and which was held in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia during February 2007.[42][citation needed]
Universiade[edit]
Finswimming became the first underwater sport to be demonstrated at an Universiade with an appearance at the 27th Summer Universiade in July 2013.[8]
Other multi-sport events[edit]
The following underwater sports has been offered at the following multi-sport events:
Finswimming - the Asian Indoor Games since 2005, the Southeast Asian Games in 2009 and 2011, the Bolivarian Games in 2013 and the 2014 Bolivarian Beach Games.[43][citation needed][44][45]
Freediving - 2013 Bolivarian Games and the 2014 Bolivarian Beach Games.[46][45]
Spearfishing - the Micronesian Games since 2006, the 2013 Bolivarian Games and the 2014 Bolivarian Beach Games.[46][47][48][45]
Underwater orienteering - the 1986 South American Games.[49]
Gallery[edit]
Freediver using monofin in pool competition in London, 2009.
Freediver using monofin in depth competition (location & date not known).
Two players compete for the puck at the GB Underwater Hockey University Student Nationals 2009, held at Bangor University, Wales.
Underwater rugby match (location & date not known).
Underwater football match involving USN personnel in Panama City, Florida on June 3, 2011
See also[edit]
Underwater diving portal
Championships and other international events[edit]
Finswimming at the World Games
Finswimming world championships
Underwater Hockey World Championships
Underwater Orienteering World Championships
Underwater photography world championships
Underwater Rugby World Championships
Underwater sports at the 2013 Bolivarian Games
Equipment[edit]
Monofin
Speargun
water polo cap
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "'Competition Area'". Aquathlon Rules, Version 2012/01. Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques.
Jump up ^ "'Individual equipment'". Aquathlon Rules, Version 2012/01. Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques.
Jump up ^ "'Combat'". Aquathlon Rules, Version 2012/01. Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
Jump up ^ "Aquatlon". History of CMAS. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
Jump up ^ "About finswimming". Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "1st World Championship". Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "World Games, Kolendra rules fin swimming". Ellensburg Daily Record, Washington USA. July 28, 1981. p. 8. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Taking part in the Universiade, Finswimming entered a new era". Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "About Apnoea". Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "About Spearfishing". Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "About Sport Diving". Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
Jump up ^ ’ Where is it Played’, [1], retrieved 02/09/2012.
Jump up ^ "About Underwater Hockey". Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Realized projects". Christian Redl. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Hockey with wetsuit and flippers". Retrieved 14 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "About Orienteering". Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "About Underwater Photography". Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "About Underwater Rugby". Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "About Target Shooting". Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Documents of the Visual Commission - Underwater Video Rules. Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques. 2010.
Jump up ^ "1st CMAS World Championship Underwater Video 2010". Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Aida International". AIDA International. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "WAA World AquaChallenge Association Underwater Hockey". The World AquaChallenge Association. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "UNDERWATER FOOTBALL RULES AND REGULATIONS". Sean Ennis. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Mallon, Bill; Heijmans, Jeroen (2011). Historical dictionary of the Olympic movement (4th ed.). Plymouth (UK): Scarecrow Press. p. 362.
Jump up ^ "Skindivers Seek Place in Olympics". The Spokesman- Review, Spokane Washington. 16 November 1958. p. 67. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
Jump up ^ "SPEARFISHING HISTORY, International Underwater Spearfishing Association, Competition Spearfishing Historical Timeline 1947-2004". International Underwater Spearfishing Association. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
Jump up ^ McLellan, Dennis (20 June 2001). "OBITUARIES: Ralph Davis; Pioneer in Sport Spearfishing". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
Jump up ^ "Finswimming in 2004 Games?". Swimming World & Junior Swimmer. 40 (3): 13. March 1999. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
Jump up ^ Carraroc, Franco (2002). REVIEW OF THE OLYMPIC PROGRAMME AND THE RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE PROGRAMME OF THE GAMES OF THE XXIX OLYMPIAD, BEIJING 2008 - REPORT BY THE COMMISSION CHAIRMAN, (PDF). International Olympic Committee. pp. 16–17.
Jump up ^ "1st World Championship". Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "1st World Spearfishing Championship". Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
Jump up ^ "Results - Sport Diving (1st World Championship)". Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
Jump up ^ "1980 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
Jump up ^ Symes, Peter. "Try something different; Hockey Under Ice". X-Ray Mag. p. 60. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
Jump up ^ "A book about History of UW orienteering". CMAS. p. 8. Retrieved 16 May 2013.
Jump up ^ "1st World Championship". Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "1st World Championship". CMAS. Retrieved 4 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "HISTORY OF THE FFESSM". FFESSM. Retrieved 14 February 2013. [dead link]
Jump up ^ "1st CMAS World Championship Underwater Video 2010". Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Underwater Sports: Fin Swimming". the International World Games Association. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "SPORTS PROGRAMME". Commonwealth Games Federation. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Finswimming (25 m) Macau 2007, 2nd Asian Indoor Games". Macao 2nd Asian Indoor Games Organising Committee. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Actividades Subacuáticas". Retrieved 18 November 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The underwater activities again in the Bolivarian Games". Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques. 1 October 2014. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "(2013 Bolivarian Games) Actividades Subacuáticas". 2013 Bolivarian Games. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "2006 Micronesian Games - Spearfishing". FOX SPORTS PULSE. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "2010 Micronesian Games". FOX SPORTS PULSE. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Rodríguez III, Ernesto (2010), LIBROS DEL CICLO OLÍMPICO ARGENTINO - Libro I de los Juegos Odesur 1978-2010 (in Spanish) (1st ed.), Buenos Aires: Alarco Ediciones, p. 192, ISBN 978-987-1367-18-4, retrieved June 2, 2012
External links[edit]
Media related to Underwater sports at Wikimedia Commons
[show]
v
t
e
Underwater sports
Surface snorkeling
Finswimming (surface swimming & bi-fins)
Snorkeling/breath-hold
Spearfishing
Underwater football
Underwater hockey
Underwater rugby
Underwater target shooting
Breath-hold
Aquathlon (underwater wrestling)
Apnoea finswimming
Freediving
Underwater ice hockey
Open Circuit Scuba
Immersion finswimming
Sport diving (sport)
Underwater orienteering
Underwater photography (sport)
Rebreather
Underwater photography (sport)
Sports governing organisations
AIDA International
CMAS
Related
Recreational diving
Underwater diving
Category
Commons
Glossary
Portal
[show]
v
t
e
Freediving
Activities
Aquathlon (underwater wrestling)
Apnoea finswimming
Freediving
Pearl hunting
Spearfishing
Underwater football
Underwater hockey
Underwater ice hockey
Underwater rugby
Underwater target shooting
Competitions
Nordic Deep
Vertical Blue
Disciplines
Constant weight
Constant weight without fins
Free immersion
Static apnea
Dynamic apnea
Dynamic apnea without fins
No-limits apnea
Equipment
Diving mask
Diving suit
Fins
Hawaiian sling
Monofin
Polespear
Snorkel
Speargun
Water polo cap
Freedivers
Deborah Andollo
Peppo Biscarini
Sara Campbell
Derya Can Göçen
Goran Čolak
Carlos Coste
Robert Croft
Mandy-Rae Cruickshank
Yasemin Dalkılıç
Leonardo D'Imporzano
Şahika Ercümen
Emma Farrell
Francisco Ferreras
Pierre Frolla
Flavia Eberhard
Mehgan Heaney-Grier
Elisabeth Kristoffersen
Loïc Leferme
Enzo Maiorca
Jacques Mayol
Audrey Mestre
Karol Meyer
Stéphane Mifsud
Alexey Molchanov
Natalia Molchanova
Dave Mullins
Patrick Musimu
Guillaume Néry
Herbert Nitsch
Umberto Pelizzari
Annelie Pompe
Michal Risian
Stig Severinsen
Tom Sietas
Aharon Solomons
Martin Štěpánek
Walter Steyn
Tanya Streeter
William Trubridge
Devrim Cenk Ulusoy
Danai Varveri
Hazards
Barotrauma
Drowning
Freediving blackout (Deep-water blackout and Shallow-water blackout)
Hypercapnia
Hypothermia
Historical
Ama (diving)
Octopus wrestling
Skandalopetra diving
Swimming at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's underwater swimming
Organisations
AIDA International
SSI
Australian Underwater Federation
British Freediving Association
CMAS
Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins
Performance Freediving International
Related
Ama (diving)
Haenyeo
Snorkeling
Submarine escape training facility
Underwater diving
Underwater sports
Category
Commons
Glossary
Portal
[show]
v
t
e
Finswimming
Equipment
Competitive swimwear
Diving mask
Diving suit
Monofin
Fins
Snorkel
scuba set
Competitions
World championships
World Championships generally
2011 generally
2011 pool
2011 long distance
2013 generally
2013 pool
Continental
Africa
America
Asia
Europe
Oceanic
World Games
World Games generally
2009
Multi-sport events
2007 Asian Indoor Games
2009 Asian Indoor Games
2009 Southeast Asian Games
2011 Southeast Asian Games
2013 Bolivarian Games
Other
Texas Open Finswimming Invitational
Swimmers
Joel Armas
Valentina Artemyeva
Peppo Biscarini
Misty Hyman
Shavarsh Karapetyan
Flori Lang
Vitalina Simonova
Records
World
World
Continental
Africa
America
Asia
Europe
Oceanic
National
Great Britain
United States
Other
Commonwealth nations
National & regional activity
Australia
China
France
Great Britain
Greece
Germany
Italy
Russia
United States
Organisations
International federation
CMAS
National federations
AUF
BUSA
FEDAS
FFESSM
NOB
TSSF
USOA
Other organisations
British Finswimming Association
Texas Finswimming Association
Related
Underwater sports
Snorkeling
Freediving
scuba diving
Category
Commons
Glossary
Portal
[show]
v
t
e
Underwater diving
Modes
Freediving
Saturation diving
Scuba diving
Snorkeling
Surface-supplied diving
Atmospheric pressure diving
Unmanned diving
Recreational diving
specialities
Altitude diving
Cave diving
Deep diving
Ice diving
Gas blending for scuba diving
Muck diving
Open-water diving
Rebreather diving
Sidemount diving
Solo diving
Technical diving
Wreck diving
Underwater sports
Diving equipment
Atmospheric diving suit
Backplate and wing
Breathing gas
Buoyancy control device
Burst disc
Decompression equipment
Distance line/dive reel
Dive boat
Dive computer
Dive light
Diver down flag
Diver propulsion vehicle
Diver's pump
Diving air compressor
Diving bell
Diving chamber
Diving cylinder
Diving helmet
Diving regulator
Diving shot
Diving suit
Diving support vessel
Diving weighting system
Dry suit
Fins
Full face diving mask
Integrated Diver Display Mask
Lifting bag
Line marker
Mask
Moon pool
Pony bottle
Rash vest
Rebreather
Scuba manifold
Scuba set
Snoopy loop
Snorkel
Snuba
Subsurface (software)
Surface marker buoy
Testing and inspection of diving cylinders
Towboard
Vintage scuba
Wetsuit
Applications
Clearance diver
Commercial offshore diving
Diver training
Frogman
Hazmat diving
Military diving units
Police diving
Professional diving
Public safety diving
Recreational diving
Scientific diving
Underwater archaeology
Underwater photography
Underwater videography
Diving safety:
Hazards,
risks and
consequences
Barotrauma
Decompression sickness
Drowning
Freediving blackout
Dysbaric osteonecrosis
High-pressure nervous syndrome
Human factors in diving safety
Hypercapnia
Hypothermia
Hypoxia (medical)
Isobaric counterdiffusion
Latent hypoxia
List of diving hazards and precautions
List of legislation regulating underwater diving
List of signs and symptoms of diving disorders
Nitrogen narcosis
Oxygen toxicity
Scuba diving fatalities
Seasickness
Silt out
Task loading
Procedures
Ascending and descending (diving)
Boat diving
Buddy breathing
Buddy diving
Canoe and Kayak diving
Controlled buoyant lift
Controlled emergency swimming ascent
Decompression (diving)
Decompression practice
Dive planning
Diver communications
Diver navigation
Diver rescue
Diver trim
Dive log
Drift diving
Emergency ascent
Finning techniques
Night diving
Penetration diving
Pyle stop
Recreational diver training
diver certification
Diamond Reef System
Rule of thirds (diving)
Scuba gas planning
Scuba skills
Solo diving
Surface-supplied diving skills
Underwater search and recovery
Underwater searches
History of
underwater diving
History of decompression research and development
History of scuba diving
Researchers in underwater diving
Timeline of diving technology
Categories: Diving equipment
Professional diving
Recreational diving
Underwater diving history
Underwater diving procedures
Underwater diving safety
Commons
Glossary
Outline
Portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Underwater_sports&oldid=828294937"
Categories:
Underwater diving
Underwater sports
Water sports
Hidden categories:
All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from October 2015
CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)
Articles with short description
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from September 2013
Articles with unsourced statements from August 2013
Articles with unsourced statements from April 2015
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Español
Français
Հայերեն
Қазақша
日本語
Português
Русский
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Việt
3 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 1 March 2018, at 18:51.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: class style

values: shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: caption

value: th

value: li

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2013)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values: Edit section: Underwater target shooting

values: Edit section: Competition at international level

values:
/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri
mw-redirect
St. Louis, Missouri

values:
/wiki/Synchronized_swimming
mw-redirect
Synchronized swimming

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2013)

values: Edit section: World championships and world cups

values:
/wiki/Sport_governing_body
mw-redirect
Sport governing body

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

values:
/wiki/Mali_Losinj
mw-redirect
Mali Losinj

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2015)

values:
/wiki/Winnipeg,_Manitoba
mw-redirect
Winnipeg, Manitoba

values:
/wiki/Vancouver,_British_Columbia
mw-redirect
Vancouver, British Columbia

values:
/wiki/Canary_Island
mw-redirect
Canary Island

values:
/wiki/World_Games_1981
mw-redirect
World Games 1981

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values: Edit section: Championships and other international events

values:
/wiki/Finswimming_world_championships
mw-redirect
Finswimming world championships

values: Underwater Orienteering World Championships

values: Underwater photography world championships

values: Underwater sports at the 2013 Bolivarian Games

values:
nofollow
external text
http://history.cmas.org/aquatlon

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.cmas.org/finswimming

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.cmas.org/hockey/about-hockey

values:
nofollow
http://www.aidainternational.org/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.thewaa.org/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.thecgf.com/sports/
external text

values: -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-width: 35em; column-width: 35em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
/wiki/Surface_snorkeling
mw-redirect
Surface snorkeling

values:
navbox-image
7
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: Glossary of underwater diving terminology

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
navbox-image
9
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values:
/wiki/Dynamic_apnea_without_fins
mw-redirect
Dynamic apnea without fins

values: navigation navbox Freediving padding:3px

values: Pool part of the 2011 Finswimming World Championships

values: Long distance part of the 2011 Finswimming World Championships

values: Pool part of the 2013 Finswimming World Championships

values: Finswimming at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games

values: Finswimming at the 2009 Asian Indoor Games

values: Finswimming at the 2009 Southeast Asian Games

values: Fin swimming at the 2011 Southeast Asian Games

values: List of United States records in finswimming

values: List of Commonwealth records in finswimming

values: Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: navigation navbox Finswimming padding:3px

values:
/wiki/Integrated_Diver_Display_Mask
mw-redirect
Integrated Diver Display Mask

values: Testing and inspection of diving cylinders

values:
/wiki/Diver_training
mw-redirect
Diver training

values:
/wiki/Scientific_diving
mw-redirect
Scientific diving

values: List of signs and symptoms of diving disorders

values:
/wiki/Canoe_and_Kayak_diving
mw-redirect
Canoe and Kayak diving

values:
/wiki/Controlled_buoyant_lift
mw-redirect
Controlled buoyant lift

values:
/wiki/Penetration_diving
mw-redirect
Penetration diving

values: List of diver certification organizations

values: List of researchers in underwater diving

values: Category:All articles with dead external links

values: Category:Articles with dead external links from October 2015

values: Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)

values: Category:Articles with short description

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2013

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2013

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2015

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Underwater_sports
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values: Ստորջրյա սպորտ – Armenian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

values: Су асты спорты – Kazakh

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kk
display: none;

values: Подводный спорт – Russian

values: Підводний спорт – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Underwater_sports rootpage-Underwater_sports skin-vector action-view