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University of California, Berkeley
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Not to be confused with Berkeley College, Berkeley College (Yale University), or Berklee College of Music.
University of California, Berkeley
Former names
University of California (1868-1958)
Motto
Fiat lux (Latin)
Motto in English
Let there be light
Type
Flagship
Public research university
Land Grant
Established
March 23, 1868 (1868-03-23)
Endowment
$4.3 billion (2017)[1][2][3]
Chancellor
Carol T. Christ
Students
41,910 (fall 2017)[4]
Undergraduates
30,574 (fall 2017)[4]
Postgraduates
11,336 (fall 2017)[4]
Location
Berkeley, California, U.S.
Campus
Urban
Total 1,232 acres (499 ha)
Core Campus 178 acres (72 ha)[5] Total land owned 6,679 acres (2,703 ha)[6]
Colors
Berkeley Blue, California Gold[7]
Athletics
NCAA Division I FBS
Nickname
Golden Bears
Sporting affiliations
Pac-12
Am. East
MPSF
Mascot
Oski the Bear
Website
www.berkeley.edu
The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California[8][9]) is a public research university in Berkeley, California.[9] Founded in 1868, Berkeley is the flagship institution of the ten research universities affiliated with the University of California system. Berkeley has since grown to instruct over 40,000 students in approximately 350 undergraduate and graduate degree programs covering a wide range of disciplines.[10]
Berkeley is one of the 14 founding members of the Association of American Universities, with $789 million in R&D expenditures in the fiscal year ending June 30, 2015.[11][12] Today, Berkeley maintains close relationships with three United States Department of Energy National Laboratories—Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Los Alamos National Laboratory—and is home to many institutes, including the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute and the Space Sciences Laboratory.[13] Through its partner institution University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Berkeley also offers a joint medical program at the UCSF Medical Center.[14]
As of August 2018, Berkeley alumni, faculty members and researchers include 104 Nobel laureates, 25 Turing Awards winners, and 14 Fields Medalists. They have also won 9 Wolf Prizes, 45 MacArthur Fellowships,[15] 20 Academy Awards, 14 Pulitzer Prizes[16] and 207 Olympic medals (117 gold, 51 silver and 39 bronze).[17] In 1930, Ernest Lawrence invented the cyclotron at Berkeley, based on which UC Berkeley researchers along with Berkeley Lab have discovered or co-discovered 16 chemical elements of the periodic table – more than any other university in the world.[18][19][20] During the 1940s, Berkeley physicist J. R. Oppenheimer, the "Father of the Atomic Bomb", led the Manhattan project to create the first atomic bomb. In the 1960s, Berkeley was particularly noted for the Free Speech Movement as well as the Anti-Vietnam War Movement led by its students.[21][22][23] In the 21st century, Berkeley has become one of the leading universities in producing entrepreneurs and its alumni have founded a large number of companies worldwide.[24][25][26][27][28]
Berkeley is often ranked as a top-ten university in the world and the top public university in the United States.[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] For 2017–18, the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) ranked Berkeley 5th in the world. Berkeley ranks 27th internationally in the QS World University Rankings. It is additionally ranked 4th internationally by U.S. News & World Report.[38] Berkeley is ranked 18th internationally in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings, and as the 6th most reputed university in the world by the Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings.[39]
Contents
1 History
1.1 Name
1.2 Controversies
2 Academics
2.1 Undergraduate programs
2.2 Graduate and professional programs
2.3 Faculty and research
2.4 Library system
2.5 Rankings and reputation
2.5.1 Global
2.5.2 National
3 Discoveries and innovation
3.1 Natural sciences
3.2 Computer and applied sciences
3.3 Companies and entrepreneurship
4 Campus
4.1 Architecture
4.2 Natural features
4.3 Environmental record
5 Organization and administration
5.1 Funding
5.1.1 Financial aid and scholarship programs
6 Admissions and enrollment
7 Student life and traditions
7.1 Student housing
7.1.1 University housing
7.1.2 Cooperative housing
7.1.3 Fraternities and sororities
7.2 Student-run organizations
7.2.1 Student government
7.2.2 Communications media
7.2.3 Student groups
7.3 Athletics
7.3.1 California – Stanford rivalry
7.3.2 National championships
8 Notable alumni, faculty, and staff
8.1 Faculty
8.2 Alumni
9 See also
10 Notes and references
11 Further reading and viewing
12 External links
History[edit]
View from Memorial Glade of Sather Tower (The Campanile), the center of Berkeley—the ring of its bells and clock can be heard from all over campus
Main article: History of the University of California, Berkeley
In 1866, the private College of California purchased the land comprising the current Berkeley campus. Because it lacked sufficient funds to operate, it eventually merged with the state-run Agricultural, Mining, and Mechanical Arts College to form the University of California, the first full-curriculum public university in the state.
Upon its founding, The Dwinelle Bill (California Assembly Bill No. 583) stated that the "University shall have for its design, to provide instruction and thorough and complete education in all departments of science, literature and art, industrial and professional pursuits, and general education, and also special courses of instruction in preparation for the professions".[40][41]
Ten faculty members and almost 40 students made up the new University of California when it opened in Oakland in 1869.[42] Frederick H. Billings was a trustee of the College of California and suggested that the college be named in honor of the Anglo-Irish philosopher George Berkeley.[43] In 1870, Henry Durant, the founder of the College of California, became the first president. With the completion of North and South Halls in 1873, the university relocated to its Berkeley location with 167 male and 22 female students[44] and held its first classes.[45]
Beginning in 1891, Phoebe Apperson Hearst made several large gifts to Berkeley, funding a number of programs and new buildings and sponsoring, in 1898, an international competition in Antwerp, Belgium, where French architect Émile Bénard submitted the winning design for a campus master plan. In 1905, the University Farm was established near Sacramento, ultimately becoming the University of California, Davis.[46] By the 1920s, the number of campus buildings had grown substantially, and included twenty structures designed by architect John Galen Howard.[47]
Robert Gordon Sproul served as president from 1930 to 1958.[48] By 1942, the American Council on Education ranked Berkeley second only to Harvard in the number of distinguished departments.[48]
Berkeley students participate in a one-day peace strike opposing U.S. involvement in World War II on April 19, 1940
In the 1930s, Ernest Lawrence helped establish the Radiation Laboratory (now Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) and invented the cyclotron, which won him the Nobel physics prize in 1939.[49] Based on the cyclotron, UC Berkeley scientists and researchers, along with Berkeley Lab, continued to discover 16 chemical elements of the periodic table – more than any other university in the world.[19][20] In particular, during World War II and following Glenn Seaborg's then-secret discovery of plutonium, Ernest Orlando Lawrence's Radiation Laboratory began to contract with the U.S. Army to develop the atomic bomb. UC Berkeley physics professor J. Robert Oppenheimer was named scientific head of the Manhattan Project in 1942.[50][51] Along with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley is now a partner in managing two other labs, Los Alamos National Laboratory (1943) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (1952).
During the McCarthy era in 1949, the Board of Regents adopted an anti-communist loyalty oath. A number of faculty members objected and were dismissed;[52] ten years passed before they were reinstated with back pay.[53] In 1952, the University of California became an entity separate from the Berkeley campus. Each campus was given relative autonomy and its own Chancellor. Then-president Sproul assumed presidency of the entire University of California system, and Clark Kerr became the first Chancellor of UC Berkeley.[48]
Sather Tower (the Campanile) looking out over the San Francisco Bay and Mount Tamalpais
Berkeley gained worldwide reputation for student activism in the 1960s with the Free Speech Movement of 1964[54] and opposition to the Vietnam War.[55] In the highly publicized People's Park protest in 1969, students and the school conflicted over use of a plot of land; the National Guard was called in and violence erupted. Then governor of California Ronald Reagan called the Berkeley campus "...a haven for communist sympathizers, protesters, and sex deviants".[54][56][57] Modern students at Berkeley are less politically active, with a greater percentage of moderates and conservatives.[58][59] Democrats outnumber Republicans on the faculty by a ratio of 9:1.[60]
In 1982, the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI) was founded on the Berkeley campus at the request of three Berkeley mathematicians -- Shiing-Shen Chern, Calvin Moore and Isadore M. Singer—and with the support of the National Science Foundation.[61] The institute was later moved to the Berkeley Hills. The institute is now widely regarded as a leading center for collaborative mathematical research, drawing thousands of visiting researchers from around the world each year.[61][62][63]
Entering the 21st century, as state funding declined,[64] Berkeley turned to private sources: BP donated $400 million over 10 years to develop biofuels,[65] the Hewlett Foundation gave $113 million to endow 100 faculty chairs,[66] the Simons Foundation gave $60 million to establish the Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing,[67] and, in 2016, Mark Zuckerberg and Priscilla Chan pledged $600 million (shared with UCSF and Stanford University) to establish the BioHub. The 2008–13 Campaign for Berkeley raised $3.13 billion from 281,855 donors.[68]
Name[edit]
View of campus from Evans Hall, as San Francisco and Oakland are seen in the background
The original name, University of California, was frequently shortened to California or Cal. UC Berkeley's athletic teams date to this time and so are referred to as the California Golden Bears, Cal Bears, or just Cal. Today, the term "University of California" refers to the statewide school system of which UC Berkeley is a part. The university discourages referring to the University of California, Berkeley as UCB, University of California at Berkeley,[69] Cal Berkeley, U.C. Berkeley, and UC-Berkeley.[70] Berkeley is unaffiliated with the Berklee College of Music or Berkeley College.
Controversies[edit]
Originally, military training was compulsory for male undergraduates and Berkeley housed an armory for that purpose. In 1917, Berkeley's ROTC program was established[71] and its School of Military Aeronautics trained future pilots, including Jimmy Doolittle, who graduated with a B.A. in 1922. Both Robert McNamara and Frederick C. Weyand graduated from Berkeley's ROTC program, earning B.A. degrees in 1937 and 1938, respectively. In 1926, future fleet admiral Chester W. Nimitz established the first Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps unit at Berkeley. During World War II, the military increased its presence on campus to recruit more officers, and by 1944, more than 1,000 Berkeley students were enrolled in the V-12 Navy College Training Program and naval training school for diesel engineering.[72] The Board of Regents ended compulsory military training at Berkeley in 1962.
Various human and animal rights groups have conflicted with Berkeley. Native Americans conflicted with the school over repatriation of remains from the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology.[73] Animal-rights activists have threatened faculty members using animals for research.[74] The school's response to tree sitters protesting construction caused controversy in the local community.[75]
On May 1, 2014, Berkeley was named one of fifty-five higher education institutions under investigation by the Office of Civil Rights "for possible violations of federal law over the handling of sexual violence and harassment complaints" by the White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault.[76] Investigations have continued into 2016, with hundreds of pages of records released in April 2016, showing a pattern of documented sexual harassment and firings of non-tenured staff.[77]
Academics[edit]
Valley Life Sciences Building
A T-Rex replica at the UC Museum of Paleontology
Wheeler Hall
Hearst Mining Building
From left to right: Stanley Hall, Tan Hall and College of Chemistry Plaza
Berkeley is a large, primarily residential research university with a majority of its enrollment in undergraduate programs but also offers a comprehensive doctoral graduate program.[78] The university has been accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges Senior College and University Commission since 1949.[79] The university is one of only two UC campuses operating on a semester calendar (the other is UC Merced). Berkeley offers 106 Bachelor's degrees, 88 Master's degrees, 97 research-focused doctoral programs and 31 professionally focused graduate degrees.[80] The university awarded 7,565 Bachelor's, 2,610 Master's or Professional and 930 Doctoral degrees in 2013–2014.[81]
Berkeley's 130-plus academic departments and programs are organized into 14 colleges and schools in addition to UC Berkeley Extension.[5] Colleges are both undergraduate and graduate, while Schools are generally graduate only, though some offer undergraduate majors, minors, or courses.
College of Chemistry
College of Engineering
College of Environmental Design
College of Letters and Science
College of Natural Resources
Graduate School of Education
Graduate School of Journalism
Haas School of Business
Goldman School of Public Policy
School of Information
School of Law (Boalt Hall)
School of Optometry
School of Public Health
School of Social Welfare
UC Berkeley Extension
Berkeley does not have a medical school, but the university offers the UC Berkeley – UCSF Joint Medical Program with the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), a standalone medical school that is also part of the University of California. The institutions also share the UC Berkeley - UCSF Bioengineering Graduate Program. Berkeley and UCSF have a long history of affiliation in medical research and are the two oldest campuses in the UC system. UCSF manages the UCSF Medical Center, the top-ranked hospital in California.[82]
Undergraduate programs[edit]
The four-year, full-time undergraduate program has a focus on the arts and sciences with a high level of co-existence in undergraduate and graduate programs. Freshman admission is selective but there are high levels of transfer-in.[78] 107 Bachelor's degrees are offered across the Haas School of Business (1), College of Chemistry (5), College of Engineering (20), College of Environmental Design (4), College of Letters and Science (67), College of Natural Resources (10), and other individual majors (2).[80] The most popular majors are Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Political Science, Molecular and Cell Biology, Environmental Science, and Economics.[83]
Requirements for undergraduate degrees come from four sources: the University of California system, the Berkeley campus, the college or school, and the department. These requirements include an entry-level writing requirement before enrollment (typically fulfilled by minimum scores on standardized admissions exams such as the SAT or ACT), completing coursework on "American History and Institutions" before or after enrollment by taking an introductory class, passing an "American Cultures Breadth" class at Berkeley, as well as requirements for reading and composition and specific requirements declared by the department and school.[84] Three-hour final examinations are required in most undergraduate classes and take place over a week following the last day of instruction in mid-December for the Fall semester and in mid-May for the Spring semester.[85] Academic grades are reported on a five-letter scale (A,B,C,D,F) with grade points being modified by three-tenths of point for pluses and minuses.[86] Requirements for academic honors are specified by individual schools and colleges, scholarly prizes are typically awarded by departments, and students are elected to honor societies based on these organizations' criteria.[87]
Graduate and professional programs[edit]
The north facade of Doe Library with Memorial Glade in the foreground
Morrison Library
Berkeley has a "comprehensive" graduate program with high coexistence with the programs offered to undergraduates, but no medical school.[78] The university offers graduate degrees in Master's of Art, Master's of Science, Master's of Fine Art, and Ph.D.s in addition to professional degrees such as the Juris Doctor and Master of Business Administration.[88] The university awarded 887 doctoral degrees and 2,506 Master's degrees in 2012.[89] Admission to graduate programs is decentralized; applicants apply directly to the department or degree program. Most graduate students are supported by fellowships, teach assistantships, or research assistantships.[89] The 2010 United States National Research Council Rankings identified UC Berkeley as having the highest number of top-ranked doctoral programs in the nation.[90] UC Berkeley doctoral programs that received a #1 ranking include Agricultural and Resource Economics, Astrophysics, Chemistry, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Computer Science, English, Epidemiology, Geography, German, Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Genetics, Genomics, and Development, Physics, Plant Biology, and Political Science. UC Berkeley was also the #1 recipient of National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowships between 2001 and 2010, with 1,333 awards.[89]
Faculty and research[edit]
Main articles: List of UC Berkeley faculty; Research centers and laboratories at UC Berkeley; and List of Nobel laureates associated with University of California, Berkeley
The College of Natural Resources: Wellman Hall, flanked by Giannini and Hilgard Halls
Berkeley is a research university with a "very high" level of research activity.[78] In fiscal year 2015, Berkeley spent $789 million on research and development (R&D).[11] There are 1,620 full-time and 500 part-time faculty members among more than 130 academic departments and more than 80 interdisciplinary research units.[91] The current faculty includes 235 American Academy of Arts and Sciences Fellows, 3 Fields Medal winners, 77 Fulbright Scholars, 139 Guggenheim Fellows, 73 members of the National Academy of Engineering, 149 members of the National Academy of Sciences,[92] 8 Nobel Prize winners, 4 Pulitzer Prize winners, 125 Sloan Fellows, 7 Wolf Prize winners and 1 Pritzker Prize winner.[91][93][94] 104 Nobel laureates have been affiliated with the university as faculty, alumni or researchers, the most of any public university in the United States and third most of any university in the world.
Library system[edit]
Main article: University of California, Berkeley Library System
Berkeley's 32 libraries together make up the fourth largest academic library in the United States, surpassed only by Harvard University Library, Yale University Library and University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign Library.[95] However, considering the relative sizes and ages of these University libraries, Berkeley's collections have been growing about as fast as those at Harvard and Yale combined: specifically, 1.8 times faster than Harvard, and 1.9 times faster than Yale. In 2003, the Association of Research Libraries ranked it as the top public and third overall university library in North America based on various statistical measures of quality.[96] As of 2006, Berkeley's library system contains over 11 million volumes and maintains over 70,000 serial titles.[97] The libraries together cover over 12 acres (4.9 ha) of land and form one of the largest library complexes in the world.[98] Doe Library serves as the library system's reference, periodical, and administrative center, while most of the main collections are housed in the subterranean Gardner Main Stacks and Moffitt Undergraduate Library. The Bancroft Library, with holdings of over 400,000 printed volumes and 70 million manuscripts, pictorial items, maps and more, maintains special collections that document the history of the western part of North America, with an emphasis on California, Mexico and Central America. The Bancroft Library also houses The Mark Twain Papers,[99] The Oral History Center,[100] the Center for the Tebtunis Papyri[101] and the University Archives.[102]
Rankings and reputation[edit]
Berkeley is often ranked as a top-ten university in the world and the top public university in the United States,[29][30][31][32][33][103][35][36][37] as well as a top public university producing high net-worth individuals. For 2017–18, the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) ranked Berkeley 5th in the world. Berkeley ranks 27th internationally in the QS World University Rankings. It is additionally ranked 4th internationally by U.S. News & World Report.[38] Berkeley is ranked 18th internationally among research universities in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings, and as the 6th most reputed university in the world by the Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings.[39]
University rankings
National
ARWU[104]
3
Forbes[105]
29
U.S. News & World Report[106]
20
Washington Monthly[107]
7
Global
ARWU[108]
3
QS[109]
27
Times[110]
10
U.S. News & World Report[111]
4
showNational Program Rankings[112]
Program
Ranking
Biological Sciences 1
Business 7
Chemistry 2
Clinical Psychology 2
Computer Science 1
Earth Sciences 2
Economics 1
Education 19
Engineering 3
English 1
Fine Arts 27
History 4
Law 9
Mathematics 2
Physics 3
Political Science 4
Psychology 1
Public Affairs 6
Public Health 9
Social Work 3
Sociology 1
Statistics 2
showGlobal Program Rankings[113]
Program
Ranking
Arts & Humanities 11
Biology & Biochemistry 3
Chemistry 1
Clinical Medicine 120
Computer Science 8
Economics & Business 5
Engineering 5
Environment/Ecology 1
Geosciences 6
Immunology 57
Materials Science 5
Mathematics 5
Microbiology 9
Molecular Biology & Genetics 14
Neuroscience & Behavior 21
Physics 2
Plant & Animal Science 4
Psychiatry/Psychology 26
Social Sciences & Public Health 15
Space Science 3
Rank
2018 QS World Ranking by Subject
4 Art and Humanities (OVERALL)
4 Architecture
4 English Language
5 History
8 Philosophy
8 Engineering and Technology (OVERALL)
4 Computer and Information System
3 Chemical Engineering
2 Civil and Structural Engineering
3 Electronic and Electrical Engineering
=4 Mechanical Aeronautical & Manufacturing
7 Natural Sciences (OVERALL)
2 Chemistry
1 Environmental Sciences
4 Geography
6 Mathematics
3 Material Sciences
5 Physics & Astronomy
7 Social Sciences & Management (OVERALL)
8 Accounting & Finance
10 Business & Management Studies
=6 Communication & Media Studies
4 Economics & Econometrics
8 Education & Training
8 Law
9 Political & International Studies
2 Sociology
4 Statistics & Operations Research
Global[edit]
The Times Higher Education World University Rankings (THE) for 2017–2018 ranks Berkeley 10th and recognized the institution as one of the world's "six super brands" on its World Reputation Rankings, along with Cambridge, Harvard, MIT, Oxford and Stanford.[114][39] In its 2017 edition, U.S. News & World Report ranked Berkeley 4th in their Best Global University Rankings.[38] In 2016, Berkeley was ranked 3rd in the world by the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) and 28th in the 2016/17QS World University Rankings. The Center for World University Rankings (CWUR) ranked the university 7th in the world based on quality of education, alumni employment, quality of faculty, publications, influence, citations, broad impact, and patents in 2015.[115] In 2016, the Nature Index ranked Berkeley 7th in the world based on research publication output in top tier academic journals in the life sciences, chemistry, earth and environmental sciences and physical sciences based on publication data from 2015.[116]
National[edit]
The 2016 U.S. News & World Report "Best Colleges" report ranked Berkeley first among public universities and 20th among national universities.[38] Washington Monthly ranked Berkeley 7th among national universities in 2016, with criteria based on research, community service, and social mobility. The Money Magazine Best Colleges ranking for 2015 ranked Berkeley 9th in the United States, based on educational quality, affordability and alumni earnings.[117] For 2015 Kiplinger ranked Berkeley the 4th best-value public university in the nation for in-state students, and 6th for out-of-state students.[118] The 2017 Forbes America's Top Colleges report ranked Berkeley 29th among all universities and liberal arts colleges in the United States.[119]
In 2014, The Daily Beast's Best Colleges report ranked Berkeley 11th in the country.[120] The 2013 Top American Research Universities report by the Center for Measuring University Performance ranked Berkeley 8th over-all, 5th in resources, faculty, and education, 9th in resources and education, and 1st in education.[121] Berkeley was listed as a "Public Ivy" in Richard Moll's 1985 Public Ivies.[122]
Discoveries and innovation[edit]
Simplified evolution of Unix systems and BSD forks
A number of significant inventions and discoveries have been made by the Berkeley faculty and researchers:[123]
Natural sciences[edit]
Antimalarial medication - Jay Keasling creates affordable malarial drug 2006.
Atomic bomb - J. Robert Oppenheimer professor of physics at UC Berkeley was the wartime director of Los Alamos National Laboratory and the Manhattan Project.
Carbon 14 & Photosynthesis - Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben first discovered carbon 14 in 1940, and Nobel laureate Melvin Calvin and his colleges used carbon 14 as a molecular tracer to reveal the carbon assimilation path in photosynthesis, known as Calvin cycle.[124]
Carcinogens - Identified chemicals that damage DNA. The Ames test was described in a series of papers in 1973 by Bruce Ames and his group at the University.
Chemical Elements - 16 elements have been discovered at Berkeley (astatine, neptunium, plutonium, curium, americium, berkelium, californium, einsteinium, fermium, mendelevium, nobelium, lawrencium, dubnium, seaborgium, technetium, and rutherfordium).[125][126]
Covalent bond - Gilbert N. Lewis in 1916 described the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, and invented the Lewis notation to describe the mechanisms.
CRISPR gene editing - Jennifer Doudna discovers a precise and inexpensive way for manipulating DNA in human cells.
Cyclotron - Ernest O. Lawrence created a particle accelerator in 1934, and was awarded the Nobel Physics Prize in 1939.[127]
Dark energy - Saul Perlmutter and a lot of other people in the Supernova Cosmology Project discover the universe is expanding because of dark energy 1998.
Flu vaccine - Wendell M. Stanley and collegus discovered the vaccine in the 1940s.
Hydrogen bomb - Edward Teller, the father of hydrogen bomb, was a professor at Berkeley and a researcher at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory & the Los Alamos National Laboratory.
Immunotherapy of cancer - James P. Allison discovers and develops monoclonal antibody therapy that uses the immune system to combat cancer 1992-1995.
Keck Telescope - Jerry Nelson helped build one of the world's largest telescopes in 1992.
Molecular clock - Allan Wilson discovery in 1967.
Neuroplasticity - Marian Diamond discovers structural, biochemical, and synaptic changes in brain caused by environmental enrichment 1964
Oncogene - Peter Duesberg discovers first cancer causing gene in a virus 1970's.
Peptoid - Ronald Zuckermann co-invents peptoids, and invents peptoid nanosheet.
Telomerase - Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol Greider, and Jack Szostak discover enzyme that promotes cell division and growth 1985.
Vitamin E - Gladys Anderson Emerson isolates Vitamin E in a pure form in 1952.[128]
Computer and applied sciences[edit]
Berkeley RISC - David Patterson leads ARPA's VLSI project of microprocessor design 1980-1984.[129]
Berkeley UNIX/Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) - The Computer Systems Research Group was a research group at Berkeley that was dedicated to enhancing AT&T Unix operating system and funded by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Bill Joy modified the code and released it in 1977 under the open source BSD license, starting an open-source revolution.
Deep sea diving - Joel Henry Hildebrand used helium with oxygen to mitigate decompression sickness.
GIMP - In 1995 Spencer Kimball and Peter Mattis began developing GIMP as a semester-long project at Berkeley.
Microscopic motor - Richard S. Muller invents the first electrically powered microscopic motor in 1988.
Polygraph - invented by John Augustus Larson and a police officer from the Berkeley Police Department in 1921.
Project Genie - DARPA funded project. It produced an early time-sharing system including the Berkeley Timesharing System, which was then commercialized as the SDS 940. Concepts from Project Genie influenced the development of the TENEX operating system for the PDP-10, and Unix, which inherited the concept of process forking from it.[130] Unix co-creator Ken Thompson worked on Project Genie while at Berkeley.
SPICE - Donald O. Pederson develops the Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE) 1972.
Tcl programming language - developed by John Ousterhout in 1988.[131]
Three-dimensional Transistor - Chenming Hu won the 2014 National Medal of Technology for developing the "first 3-dimensional transistors, which radically advanced semiconductor technology."[132]
Vi text editor - Bill Joy created the first Vi editor in 1976.[133]
Wetsuit - Hugh Bradner invents first wetsuit 1952.
Companies and entrepreneurship[edit]
Main article: List of companies founded by UC Berkeley alumni
UC Berkeley alumni and faculty have founded a large number of companies, some of which are shown below.[134][135] UC Berkeley has often been cited as one of the universities that have produced most entrepreneurs.[135][136][137][138][139]
AIG, 1919, founder Cornelius Vander Starr (Attended)
Apple, 1976, co-founder Steve Wozniak (BS)
Bio-Rad Laboratories, 1952, co-founders David Schwartz (BS) and Alice Schwartz (BS)
Coursera, 2012, co-founder Andrew Ng (PhD)
eBay, 1995, founder Pierre Omidyar (Attended).[140][141]
Gap Inc., 1969, co-founder Donald Fisher (BS)
HTC Corportion, 1997, co-founder Cher Wang (BA)
Intel, 1968, co-founders Gordon Moore (BS) and Andy Grove (PhD)
Marvell Technology Group, 1995, co-founders Sehat Sutardja (MS, PhD) and Weili Dai (BA)
Mozilla Corporation, 2005, co-founder Mitchell Baker (BA, JD)
Myspace, 2003, co-founder Tom Anderson (BA)
Renaissance Technologies, 1982, founder James Simons (PhD)
Rotten Tomatoes, 1998, founders Senh Duong (BA), Patrick Y. Lee (BA) and Stephen Wang (BA)
SanDisk, 1988, co-founder Sanjay Mehrotra (BS, MS)
Softbank, 1981, founder Masayoshi Son (BA)
Sun Microsystems, 1982, co-founder Bill Joy (MS)
Tesla, 2003, co-founder Marc Tarpenning (BS)
VMware, 1998, co-founders Diane Greene (MS) and Mendel Rosenblum (PhD)
Campus[edit]
Main article: Campus of the University of California, Berkeley
The Berkeley campus encompasses approximately 1,232 acres (499 ha), though the "central campus" occupies only the low-lying western 178 acres (72 ha) of this area. Of the remaining acres, approximately 200 acres (81 ha) are occupied by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; other facilities above the main campus include the Lawrence Hall of Science and several research units, notably the Space Sciences Laboratory, the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute, an undeveloped 800-acre (320 ha) ecological preserve, the University of California Botanical Garden and a recreation center in Strawberry Canyon. Portions of the mostly undeveloped, eastern area of the campus are actually within the City of Oakland; these portions extend from the Claremont Resort north through the Panoramic Hill neighborhood to Tilden Park.[142]
View looking west from Wurster Hall
To the west of the central campus is the downtown business district of Berkeley; to the northwest is the neighborhood of North Berkeley, including the so-called Gourmet Ghetto, a commercial district known for high quality dining due to the presence of such world-renowned restaurants as Chez Panisse. Immediately to the north is a quiet residential neighborhood known as Northside with a large graduate student population;[143] situated north of that are the upscale residential neighborhoods of the Berkeley Hills. Immediately southeast of campus lies fraternity row, and beyond that the Clark Kerr Campus and an upscale residential area named Claremont. The area south of the university includes student housing and Telegraph Avenue, one of Berkeley's main shopping districts with stores, street vendors and restaurants catering to college students and tourists. In addition, the University also owns land to the northwest of the main campus, a 90-acre (36 ha) married student housing complex in the nearby town of Albany ("Albany Village" and the "Gill Tract"), and a field research station several miles to the north in Richmond, California.
The campus is home to several museums including the University of California Museum of Paleontology, the UC Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive, and the Lawrence Hall of Science. The Museum of Paleontology, found in the lobby of the Valley Life Sciences Building, showcases a variety of dinosaur fossils including a complete cast of a Tyrannosaurus Rex.
Outside of the Bay Area, the University owns various research laboratories and research forests in both northern and southern Sierra Nevada.
360-degree-view of the UC Berkeley campus
Architecture[edit]
South Hall (1873), one of the two original buildings of the University of California, still stands on the Berkeley campus
What is considered the historic campus today was the result of the 1898 "International Competition for the Phoebe Hearst Architectural Plan for the University of California," funded by William Randolph Hearst's mother and initially held in the Belgian city of Antwerp; eleven finalists were judged again in San Francisco in 1899.[144] The winner was Frenchman Émile Bénard, however he refused to personally supervise the implementation of his plan and the task was subsequently given to architecture professor John Galen Howard. Howard designed over twenty buildings, which set the tone for the campus up until its expansion in the 1950s and 1960s. The structures forming the "classical core" of the campus were built in the Beaux-Arts Classical style, and include Hearst Greek Theatre, Hearst Memorial Mining Building, Doe Memorial Library, California Hall, Wheeler Hall, (Old) Le Conte Hall, Gilman Hall, Haviland Hall, Wellman Hall, Sather Gate, and the 307-foot (94 m) Sather Tower (nicknamed "the Campanile" after its architectural inspiration, St Mark's Campanile in Venice), the tallest university clock tower in the United States.[145] Buildings he regarded as temporary, nonacademic, or not particularly "serious" were designed in shingle or Collegiate Gothic styles; examples of these are North Gate Hall, Dwinelle Annex, and Stephens Hall. Many of Howard's designs are recognized California Historical Landmarks[146] and are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Built in 1873 in a Victorian Second-Empire-style, South Hall is the oldest university building in California. It, and the Frederick Law Olmsted-designed Piedmont Avenue east of the main campus, are the only remnants from the original University of California before John Galen Howard's buildings were constructed. Other architects whose work can be found in the campus and surrounding area are Bernard Maybeck[147] (best known for the Palace of Fine Arts in San Francisco), Maybeck's student Julia Morgan (Hearst Women's Gymnasium), Charles Willard Moore (Haas School of Business) and Joseph Esherick (Wurster Hall).
Natural features[edit]
The south fork of Strawberry Creek, as seen between Dwinelle Hall and Lower Sproul Plaza
Flowing into the main campus are two branches of Strawberry Creek. The south fork enters a culvert upstream of the recreational complex at the mouth of Strawberry Canyon and passes beneath California Memorial Stadium before appearing again in Faculty Glade. It then runs through the center of the campus before disappearing underground at the west end of campus. The north fork appears just east of University House and runs through the glade north of the Valley Life Sciences Building, the original site of the Campus Arboretum.
Trees in the area date from the founding of the University in the 1870s. The campus, itself, contains numerous wooded areas; including: Founders' Rock, Faculty Glade, Grinnell Natural Area, and the Eucalyptus Grove, which is both the tallest stand of such trees in the world and the tallest stand of hardwood trees in North America.[148]
The campus sits on the Hayward Fault, which runs directly through California Memorial Stadium.[149] There is ongoing construction to retrofit the stadium. The "treesit" protest revolved around the controversy of clearing away trees by the stadium to build the new Student Athlete High Performance Center. As the stadium sits directly on the fault, this raised campus concerns of the safety of student athletes in the event of an earthquake as they train in facilities under the stadium stands.[150]
Environmental record[edit]
Through its Office of Sustainability and Energy, UC Berkeley works to implement sustainability initiatives on campus. The university encourages green purchasing when possible and installing energy-efficient technologies.[151] UC Berkeley has a green building policy. Nine buildings on campus are LEED Gold, five are LEED Silver, and one is LEED Certified.[152] Multiple building spaces have been repurposed for alternative use, and waste from construction projects is reduced. Water conservation technologies have been installed across campus, and the university employs a variety of techniques to manage storm water.[151] UC Berkeley heats, cools, and powers its lab equipment with power from an on-campus natural gas plant.[153] UC Berkeley's efforts toward sustainability earned the school an overall grade of B+ on one sustainability report card.[151]
Organization and administration[edit]
The University of California is governed by a 26-member Board of Regents, 18 of which are appointed by the Governor of California to 12-year terms, 7 serving as ex officio members, a single student regent and a non-voting student regent-designate.[154] The position of Chancellor was created in 1952 to lead individual campuses. The Board appointed Nicholas Dirks the 10th Chancellor of the university in 2013 after Robert J. Birgeneau, originally appointed in 2004, announced his resignation.[155] 12 vice chancellors report directly to the Chancellor. The Executive Vice Chancellor and Provost serves as the chief academic officer and is the office to which the deans of the 14 colleges and schools report.[156]
On August 16, 2016, Dirks announced he would step down as chancellor after months of heavy criticism from faculty over his management of university finances and his handling of a string of sexual misconduct cases involving high-profile faculty.[157] Dirks said he would step down upon the selection of a successor, who will be picked by a search committee of a dozen university leaders.[158] In March 2017, his successor, Carol T. Christ, was confirmed by the UC Regents and assumed the position on July 1, 2017.[159]
The 2006–07 budget totaled $1.7 billion; 33% came from the State of California. In 2006–07, 7,850 donors contributed $267.9 million and the endowment was valued at $2.89 billion.[83]
Haas School of Business
UC Berkeley employs 24,700 people directly and employees are permitted to unionize and are represented by AFSCME, California Nurses Association (CNA), CUE-Teamsters Local 2010 (formerly the Coalition of University Employees (CUE)), UAW, UC-AFT, and UPTE.[83][160]
Funding[edit]
See also: University of California finances
Berkeley receives funding from a variety of federal, state, and private sources. With the exception of government contracts, public money is proportioned to Berkeley and the other 9 campuses of the University of California system through the UC Office of the President.
State funding has, historically, been very high at the University of California. In 1987, the state provided 54% of Berkeley's budget. However, educational appropriations to the university have declined significantly over the last few decades,[161] with general state support dropping to 12% of the university's total revenues in 2013.[162] To be sure, Berkeley has long benefited from private philanthropy, with considerable gifts from members of the Flood, Hearst, Durant, Strauss, Lick, Harmon, and Bacon families in the 19th century and from the Hearst, Doe, Sather, Rockefeller, Cowell, Haviland, Bowles, Boalt, and Stern families, among others, in the first half of the 20th century. More recently, helping to offset the decline in state funding, alumni and their foundations have given generously to the school, with major contributions from, among many others, the Haas family (Haas, Goldman, Koshland); Gordon Moore (BS, 1950, over $110 million over the past two decades, primarily through multiple grants by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation); the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation (Flora Lamson Hewlett, BS, 1935, a total of over $140 million since 2000, most notably a $113 million gift announced in 2007); William V. Power (Class of 1930, multiple gifts, including a $26 million gift in 1999 and his $46.5 million bequest in 2003); the Simons family—over $110 million from James Harris Simons (PhD, 1961—multiple gifts, including a $60 million grant through the Simons Foundation to establish the Simons Institute), Mark Heising and Elizabeth Simons (both alums, over $32 million through the Heising-Simons Foundation over the past decade), and Nathaniel Simons (BA, MA in mathematics) and Laura Baxter-Simons (BA, MA); F. Warren Hellman (BA); Donald Fisher (Class of '51) and Doris Fisher; Sanford Diller (Class of '48) and Helen Diller ('50); Laura and Stephen D. Bechtel, Sr. (both Class of 1923); Sehat Sutardja (MS, PhD) and Weili Dai (BS); Gerson Bakar (BS); Edward and Carol Spieker (both of the Class of '66); Pehong Chen (PhD); Cornelius Vander Starr (attendee); Paul E. Jacobs (BS, MS, PhD); Richard C. Blum (BS); and Kevin Chou (BS, 2002), the youngest major alumni benefactor in the school's history.
Outside of alumni, Berkeley has also benefited from the generosity of friends, corporations, and foundations, notable among which are Mark Zuckerberg and Dr. Priscilla Chan (pledged $600 million, shared with UCSF and Stanford University, to form the BioHub); BP (pledged $400 million to research biofuels); the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (over $60 million in a series of grants since the foundation's creation), billionaire Sir Ka-Shing Li (multiple gifts, most notably a $40 million gift in 2005), Israeli-Russian billionaire Yuri Milner, and Thomas and Stacey Siebel.
In 2014, Cal presented a plan to the Board of Regents that would create a venture capital fund that would fund student and faculty startups.[163]
Financial aid and scholarship programs[edit]
See also: Student financial aid in the United States
Students and prospective students of UC Berkeley are eligible for a variety of public and private financial aid. Generally, financial aid inquiries are processed through the UC Berkeley Financial Aid and Scholarships Office. Some graduate schools, such as the Haas School of Business[164] and Berkeley Law,[165] have their own financial aid offices.
Admissions and enrollment[edit]
Demographics of student body (fall 2015)[4][166]
Undergraduate
Graduate
California
U.S. Census
Black
3.3% 3.6% 6.5% 13.2%
Asian
39.0% 17.3% 14.4% 5.5%
Non-Hispanic White
26.0% 37.9% 38.5% 61.7%
Hispanic (of any race)
13.7% 6.7% 38.6% 17.7%
Native American
0.7% 1.0% 1.7% 1.2%
International
13.5% 23.8% N/A N/A
Other/Unknown
3.8% 9.7% 3.7% 2.8%
For Fall 2018, Berkeley's acceptance rate for freshman was 15.1%.[167] Total enrollment was 41,910 – 30,574 undergraduate and 11,336 graduate students – with women accounting for 52.7% of undergraduates and 46.2% of graduate and professional students. Of enrolled freshman, nearly 54% were women and approximately 60% self-identified as persons of color. Enrolled freshman had an average weighted secondary school GPA of 4.44 (unweighted GPA of 3.91) and had an average SAT score of 1420 (average ACT score of 32). The interquartile range for SAT scores was 650-760 for reading/writing and 650-780 for math. Berkeley's enrollment of National Merit Scholars was third in the nation until 2002, when participation in the National Merit program was discontinued.[168] For 2016-17, Berkeley ranked fifth in enrollment of recipients of the National Merit $2,500 Scholarship (136 scholars). 33% of admitted students receive federal Pell grants.[169]
Fall Freshman Profile
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
Applicants[167][170][171][172]
89,615 85,057 82,571 78,923 73,794 67,713 61,702 52,953
Admits[167][170][171][172]
13,558 14,552 14,429 13,332 13,338 14,181 13,038 13,523
Admit rate[167][170][171][172]
15.1% 17.1% 17.5% 16.9% 18.1% 20.9% 21.1% 25.5%
Enrolled[167][173][174]
N/A 6,379 6,253 5,832 5,813 5,848 5,365 5,640
SAT range
[167][175][176][177][178][179][180]
1340-1530 1300-1540 1930-2290 1870–2250 1840–2230 1870–2240 1840–2240 1870–2230
ACT average
[167][175][176][177][178][179][180]
33 32 32 32 31 30 30 31
GPA (unweighted)
[167][175][176][177][178][179][180]
3.94 3.91 3.86 3.87 3.85 3.86 3.84 3.83
Student life and traditions[edit]
Sather Gate
The official university mascot is Oski the Bear, who debuted in 1941. Previously, live bear cubs were used as mascots at Memorial Stadium until it was decided in 1940 that a costumed mascot would be a better alternative. Named after the Oski-wow-wow yell, he is cared for by the Oski Committee, whose members have exclusive knowledge of the identity of the costume-wearer.[181]
The University of California Marching Band, which has served the university since 1891, performs at every home football game and at select road games as well. A smaller subset of the Cal Band, the Straw Hat Band, performs at basketball games, volleyball games, and other campus and community events.[182]
The UC Rally Committee, formed in 1901, is the official guardian of California's Spirit and Traditions. Wearing their traditional blue and gold rugbies, Rally Committee members can be seen at all major sporting and spirit events. Committee members are charged with the maintenance of the five Cal flags, the large California banner overhanging the Memorial Stadium Student Section and Haas Pavilion, the California Victory Cannon, Card Stunts and The Big "C" among other duties. The Rally Committee is also responsible for safekeeping of the Stanford Axe when it is in Cal's possession.[183] The Chairman of the Rally Committee holds the title "Custodian of the Axe" while it is in the Committee's care.
Overlooking the main Berkeley campus from the foothills in the east, The Big "C" is an important symbol of California school spirit. The Big "C" has its roots in an early 20th-century campus event called "Rush," which pitted the freshman and sophomore classes against each other in a race up Charter Hill that often developed into a wrestling match. It was eventually decided to discontinue Rush and, in 1905, the freshman and sophomore classes banded together in a show of unity to build "the Big C".[184] Owing to its prominent position, the Big "C" is often the target of pranks by rival Stanford University students who paint the Big "C" red and also fraternities and sororities who paint it their organization's colors. One of the Rally Committee's functions is to repaint the Big "C" to its traditional color of King Alfred Yellow.
Cal students invented the college football tradition of card stunts. Then known as Bleacher Stunts, they were first performed during the 1910 Big Game and consisted of two stunts: a picture of the Stanford Axe and a large blue "C" on a white background. The tradition continues today in the Cal student section and incorporates complicated motions, for example tracing the Cal script logo on a blue background with an imaginary yellow pen.[185]
The California Victory Cannon, placed on Tightwad Hill overlooking the stadium, is fired before every football home game, after every score, and after every Cal victory. First used in the 1963 Big Game, it was originally placed on the sidelines before moving to Tightwad Hill in 1971. The only time the cannon ran out of ammunition was during a game against Pacific in 1991, when Cal scored 12 touchdowns.[186]
Student housing[edit]
Students at UC Berkeley live in a variety of housing that cater to personal and academic preferences and styles. The immediately surrounding community offers apartments, Greek (fraternity and sorority) housing and cooperative housing, twenty of which are houses that are members of the Berkeley Student Cooperative.
University housing[edit]
Main article: Housing at the University of California, Berkeley
Cunningham Hall and Towle Hall, part of the Unit 2 residence hall complex
Christian Hall
The university runs twelve different residence halls: seven undergraduate residence halls or complexes, both with and without themes; family student housing; re-entry student housing; and optional international student housing at the International House, built with a gift from John D. Rockefeller, Jr. and the erstwhile home of six Nobel laureates. Undergraduate residence halls are located off-campus in the city of Berkeley. Units 1, 2 and 3, located on the south side of campus, offer high-rise accommodations with common areas on every other floor. Units 1 and 2 share a common dining hall, Crossroads. The oldest unit, Unit 3, has its own dining hall, Café 3, on the first floor.[187] Further away and also on the south side of campus is Clark Kerr, an undergraduate residential complex that houses many student athletes and was once a school for the deaf and blind.
In the foothills east of the central campus, there are three additional undergraduate residence halls: Foothill, Stern, and Bowles. Foothill is a co-ed, suite-style hall reminiscent of a Swiss chalet. Just south of Foothill, overlooking the Hearst Greek Theatre, is the all-women's traditional-style Stern Hall, which boasts an original mural by Diego Rivera. Because of their proximity to the College of Engineering and College of Chemistry, these residence halls often house science and engineering majors. They tend to be quieter than the southside complexes but often get free glimpses of concerts owing to their proximity to the theater. Bowles Hall, the oldest state-owned residence hall in California, is located immediately north of California Memorial Stadium. Dedicated in 1929 and on the National Register of Historic Places, this residence hall is known for its Collegiate Gothic architecture and large rooms ("quads") that can accommodate four students.
Bowles Residential Hall
The Channing-Bowditch and Ida Jackson apartments are intended for older students.[188][189] Family student housing consists of two main groups of housing: University Village and Smyth-Fernwald. University Village is located 3 miles (4.8 km) northwest of campus in Albany, California, and Smyth-Fernwald is near the Clark Kerr campus.
Clark Kerr Residential Campus
Cooperative housing[edit]
Students in Berkeley have a number of cooperative housing options. The largest network of student housing cooperatives in the area is the Berkeley Student Cooperative (BSC).
Main article: Berkeley Student Cooperative
Berkeley students, as well as students of other universities and colleges in the area, have the option of living in one of the twenty cooperative houses of the Berkeley Student Cooperative (BSC), formerly the University Students' Cooperative Association (USCA) and member of the national cooperative federation, NASCO. The BSC is a nonprofit housing cooperative network consisting of 20 cooperative homes and 1250 member-owners.[190] The USCA (as the BSC was known by at that time) was founded in 1933 by then-director of the YWCA, Harry Kingman. The birth of the USCA, as well as many other cooperative organizations around the country, coincided with the Great Depression precisely as a response to scant resources. By living together in large houses and pooling together resources, members found that their monetary resources could go further to pay for their cost of living than living separately. In the 1960s, the USCA pioneered the first co-ed university housing in Berkeley, called the Ridge Project (later renamed Casa Zimbabwe). In 1975, the USCA founded its first and only vegetarian-themed house, Lothlorien. In 1997, the USCA opened its African-American theme house, Afro House, and in 1999 its LGBT-themed house, named after Irish author and poet Oscar Wilde.[191]
Notable alumni of the BSC include Marion Nestle, professor at New York University and author of Food Politics, and Beverly Cleary, a writer of children's books.
Fraternities and sororities[edit]
University-sanctioned fraternities and sororities comprise over 60 houses that are accredited to one of four Governing Councils, all under the umbrella organization of CalGreeks.[192][193]
Fraternities (IFC)[194]
Sororities (PHC)[194]
Alpha Delta Phi
Alpha Epsilon Pi
Alpha Gamma Omega
Alpha Kappa Lambda
Alpha Sigma Phi
Alpha Tau Omega
Chi Phi
Chi Psi
Delta Chi
Delta Sigma Phi
Delta Upsilon
Kappa Alpha Order
Kappa Delta Rho
Nu Alpha Kappa
Phi Delta Theta
Phi Kappa Psi
Phi Kappa Tau
Pi Kappa Alpha
Pi Kappa Phi
Pi Lambda Phi
Sigma Alpha Epsilon
Sigma Alpha Mu
Sigma Chi
Sigma Nu
Sigma Phi Epsilon
Sigma Pi
Tau Kappa Epsilon
Theta Chi
Theta Delta Chi
Zeta Beta Tau
Alpha Chi Omega
Alpha Delta Pi
Alpha Phi
Chi Omega
Delta Delta Delta
Delta Gamma
Gamma Phi Beta
Kappa Alpha Theta
Kappa Kappa Gamma
Omega Phi Beta
Pi Beta Phi
Sigma Kappa
Sigma Psi Zeta
Zeta Tau Alpha
Student-run organizations[edit]
Student government[edit]
Wellness Room sleep pods: part of a program created by the ASUC, UC Berkeley's official student association
The Associated Students of the University of California (ASUC) is the official student association that controls funding for student groups and organizes on-campus student events. It is considered one of the most autonomous student governments at any public university in the U.S. The two main political parties are "Student Action"[195] and "CalSERVE."[196] The organization was founded in 1887 and has an annual operating budget of $1.7 million (excluding the budget of the Graduate Assembly of the ASUC), in addition to various investment assets.
The ASUC's Student Union Program, Entertainment, and Recreation Board (SUPERB) is a student-run, non-profit branch dedicated to providing entertainment for the campus and community. Founded in 1964, SUPERB's programming includes the Friday Film Series, free Noon Concerts on Lower Sproul Plaza, Comedy Competitions, Poker Tournaments, free Sneak Previews of upcoming movies, and more.
In April 2013, in an 11-9 vote, the ASUC Senate passed a Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions resolution for the UC system to divest from companies that are assisting in Israel's "...illegal occupation and ensuing human rights abuses".[197][198]
Communications media[edit]
A Daily Cailfornian distribution rack
UC Berkeley's student-run online television station, CalTV, was formed in 2005 and broadcasts online. It is run by students with a variety of backgrounds and majors. Since the mid-2010s, it has been a program of the ASUC.[199]
UC Berkeley's independent student-run newspaper is The Daily Californian. Founded in 1871, The Daily Cal became independent in 1971 after the campus administration fired three senior editors for encouraging readers to take back People's Park. The Daily Californian has both a print and online edition. Print circulation is about 10,000. The newspaper is an important source of information for students, faculty, staff, and the surrounding City of Berkeley.
Berkeley's FM Student radio station, KALX, broadcasts on 90.7 MHz. It is run largely by volunteers, including both students and community members.
Berkeley also features an assortment of student-run magazines, most notably Caliber Magazine. Founded in 2008, Caliber Magazine promotes itself as "the everything magazine" by featuring articles and blogs on a wide range of topics. It has been voted "Best Magazine on Campus" by the readers of the Daily Cal[200] as well as "Best Publication on Campus" by the ASUC.
Student groups[edit]
"DeCal" redirects here. For other uses, see DeCal (disambiguation).
Berkeley Dance Marathon, one of the campus's student-led fundraising events
Zellerbach Hall, home of the Cal Performances theater group
UC Berkeley has a reputation for student activism, stemming from the 1960s and the Free Speech Movement. Today, Berkeley is known as a lively campus with activism in many forms, from email petitions, presentations on Sproul Plaza and volunteering, to the occasional protest. During the 2006–07 school year, there were 94 political student groups on campus including MEChXA de UC Berkeley, Berkeley American Civil Liberties Union, Berkeley Students for Life, Campus Greens, The Sustainability Team (STEAM), the Berkeley Student Food Collective, Students for Sensible Drug Policy, Cal Berkeley Democrats, and the Berkeley College Republicans. Berkeley sends the most students to the Peace Corps of any university in the nation.[201]
The Residence Hall Assembly (RHA) is the student-run residence hall organization that oversees all aspects of residence wide event planning, legislation, sponsorships and activities for over 7,200 on-campus undergraduate residents. Founded in 1988 by the President's Council, it is now funded and supported by the Residential and Student Service Programs department on campus.[202]
UC Berkeley also has a rich history of student-run consulting groups. The Berkeley Group[203] is a student consulting organization, founded in 2003, affiliated with UC Berkeley and the Haas School of Business. Students of all majors are recruited and trained to work on pro-bono consulting engagements with real-life nonprofit clients. The oldest consulting group on campus is Berkeley Consulting, founded in 1996, which has served over 140 companies across technology, retail, banking, and non-profit sectors.[204] Berkeley Business Society provides its members the opportunity to work directly with firms in industries ranging from finance to technology to entertainment.[205]
ImagiCal[206] has been the college chapter of the American Advertising Federation at Berkeley since the late 1980s. Every year, the team competes in the National Student Advertising Competition. Students from various backgrounds come together to work on a marketing case provided by the AAF and a corporate sponsor to college chapters across the nation. Most recently, the UC Berkeley team won in their region in 2005, 2009 and 2012, going on to win 4th and 3rd in the nation in 2005 and 2009, respectively.
The Berkeley Forum is a student organization that hosts panels, debates, and talks by leading experts from many different fields.[207] The organization is nonpartisan and has brought a wide variety of speakers to campus, including Senator Rand Paul, entrepreneur and venture capitalist Peter Thiel, Khan Academy founder Salman Khan, and many others.
UC Berkeley Symphony Orchestra
Democratic Education at Cal, or DeCal, is a program that promotes the creation of professor-sponsored, student-facilitated classes through the Special Studies 98/198 program.[208] DeCal arose out of the 1960s Free Speech movement and was officially established in 1981. The program offers around 150 courses on a vast range of subjects that appeal to the Berkeley student community, including classes on the Rubik's Cube, blockchain, web design, metamodernism, cooking, Jewish Art Through the Ages, 3D animation, and bioprinting.[209]
In addition, UC Berkeley is home to a quidditch team, Cal Quidditch.[210] Drawing inspiration from J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter book series, Cal Quidditch was founded in 2009 and competes in national tournaments, recently earning a ranking of 24th at US Quidditch Cup 10, held in Kissimmee, Florida.
There are many a cappella groups on campus, including Drawn to Scale, Artists in Resonance, Berkeley Dil Se, the UC Men's Octet, the California Golden Overtones, and Noteworthy. The UC Men's Octet is an eight-member a cappella group founded in 1948 featuring a repertoire of barbershop, doo-wop, contemporary pop, modern alternative, and fight songs. They are one of only two multiple time champions of the ICCA, having won the championship in both 1998 and 2000. The California Golden Overtones, founded in 1984, have a very similar repertoire to the Octet. Noteworthy competed in Season 5 of America's Got Talent. It is a tradition for every Berkeley a cappella group to perform under the campus' Sather Gate each week at different times during the week. In addition to a Capella, Berkeley is host to a myriad of other performing arts groups in comedy, dance, acting and instrumental music. A few examples include jericho! Improv & Sketch Comedy, The Movement, Taiko drumming, BareStage student musical theater, the Remedy Music Project, Main Stacks, AFX Dance, and TruElement.
Since 1967, students and staff jazz musicians have had an opportunity to perform and study with the University of California Jazz Ensembles. Under the direction of Dr. David W. Tucker, who was hired by the Cal Band as a composer, arranger, and associate director, but was later asked to direct the jazz ensembles as it grew in popularity and membership, the group grew rapidly from one big band to multiple big bands, numerous combos, and numerous instrumental classes with multiple instructors. For several decades it hosted the Pacific Coast Collegiate Jazz Festival, part of the American Collegiate Jazz Festival, a competitive forum for student musicians. PCCJF brought jazz luminaries such as Hubert Laws, Sonny Rollins, Freddie Hubbard, and Ed Shaughnessy to the Berkeley campus as performers, clinicians, and adjudicators. The festival later included high school musicians. The jazz ensembles became an effective recruitment tool. Many high school musicians interested in strong academics as well as jazz found that the campus met both interests. Numerous alumni have had successful careers in jazz performance and education including Michael Wolff and Andy Narell.
UC Berkeley also hosts a large number of conferences, talks, and musical and theatrical performances. Many of these events, including the Annual UC Berkeley Sociological Research Symposium, are completely planned and organized by undergraduate students.
Athletics[edit]
Main article: California Golden Bears
California Memorial Stadium
The interior of Haas Pavilion during a basketball game
Hellman Tennis Complex
Witter Rugby Field
The athletic teams at UC Berkeley are known as the California Golden Bears (often shortened to "Cal Bears" or just "Cal") and are primarily members of the NCAA Division I Pac-12 Conference (Pac-12). Cal is also a member of the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation in several sports not sponsored by the Pac-12 and the America East Conference in women's field hockey. The first school colors, established in 1873 by a committee of students, were Blue (specifically Yale Blue) and Gold.[211][212] Yale Blue was originally chosen because many of the university's founders were Yale University graduates (for example Henry Durant, the first university president). Blue and Gold were specified and made the official colors of the university and the state colors of California in 1955.[211][213] However, the athletic department has recently specified a darker blue, close to but not the same as the Berkeley Blue now used by the school.[214][215] The California Golden Bears have a long history of excellence in athletics, having won national titles in football, men's basketball, baseball, softball, men's and women's crew, men's gymnastics, men's tennis, men's and women's swimming, men's water polo, men's Judo, men's track, and men's rugby. In addition, Cal athletes have won numerous individual NCAA titles in track, gymnastics, swimming and tennis. On January 31, 2009, the school's Hurling club made athletic history by defeating Stanford in the first collegiate hurling match ever played on American soil.
California finished in first place[216] in the 2007–08 Fall U.S. Sports Academy Directors' Cup standings (Now the NACDA Directors' Cup), a competition measuring the best overall collegiate athletic programs in the country, with points awarded for national finishes in NCAA sports. Cal finished the 2007–08 competition in seventh place with 1119 points.[217] Most recently, California finished in third place in the 2010–11 NACDA Directors' Cup with 1219.50 points, finishing behind Stanford and Ohio State. This is California's highest ever finish in the Director's Cup.[218]
Cal's seismically unsafe Memorial Stadium reopened September 2012 after a $321 million renovation. The university incurred a controversial $445 million of debt for the stadium and a new $153 million student athletic center, which it planned to finance with the sale of special stadium endowment seats. However, in June 2013 news surfaced that the university has had trouble selling the seats.[219] The roughly $18 million interest-only annual payments on the debt consumes 20 percent of Cal's athletics' budget; principal repayment begins in 2032 and is scheduled to conclude in 2113.[220]
In 2014, Cal instituted a strict academic standard for an athlete's admission to the university. By the 2017 academic year 80 percent of incoming student athletes must comply with the University of California general student requirement that they have a 3.0 or higher high school grade point average.[221]
California – Stanford rivalry[edit]
Main article: Big Game (American football)
The Golden Bears' traditional arch-rivalry is with the Stanford Cardinal. The most anticipated sporting event between the two universities is the annual football game dubbed the Big Game, and it is celebrated with spirit events on both campuses. Since 1933, the winner of the Big Game has been awarded custody of the Stanford Axe. Other sports games between these rivals have related names such as the Big Splash between the water polo teams.[222]
One of the most famous moments in college football history occurred during the 85th Big Game on November 20, 1982. In what has become known as "the band play" or simply The Play, Cal scored the winning touchdown in the final seconds with a kickoff return that involved a series of laterals and the Stanford marching band rushing onto the field.
National championships[edit]
Berkeley teams have won national championships in baseball (2), men's basketball (2), men's crew (15), women's crew (3), football (5), men's golf (1), men's gymnastics (4), men's lacrosse (1), men's rugby (26), softball (1), men's swimming & diving (4), women's swimming & diving (3), men's tennis (1), men's track & field (1), and men's water polo (13).
Notable alumni, faculty, and staff[edit]
Further information: List of University of California, Berkeley alumni; List of University of California, Berkeley faculty; and List of Nobel laureates affiliated with the University of California, Berkeley
Earl Warren, BA 1912, JD 1914, 14th Chief Justice of the United States; former Alameda County District Attorney; California Attorney General; 30th Governor of California
Steven Chu, PhD 1976, Nobel laureate and former United States Secretary of Energy
Jennifer Granholm, BA 1984, First female Governor of Michigan
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, BA 1950,[223] 4th President of Pakistan, 9th Prime Minister of Pakistan
Robert Reich, Professor of Public Policy, 22nd United States Secretary of Labor
Christina Romer, Professor of Economics, 25th Chairperson of the President's Council of Economic Advisers
Steve Wozniak, BS 1986, cofounder of Apple Inc.
Gordon Moore, BS 1950, cofounder of semiconductor company Intel
Eric Schmidt, MS 1979, PhD 1982, Executive Chairman of Alphabet
Edmund Gerald "Jerry" Brown, Jr, BA 1961, Governor of California, former California Attorney General
Gregory Peck, BA 1939, Academy Award-winning actor
Natalie Coughlin, BA 2005, multiple gold medal-winning Olympic swimmer
Mostafa Chamran, Ph.D. 1963, Iranian scientist, Vice President and Defense Minister of Iran
Haakon Magnus, Crown Prince of Norway, BA 1999[224]
Robert McNamara, BA 1937, President of World Bank (1968–81), United States Secretary of Defense (1961–68), President of Ford Motor Company (1960)
Daniel Kahneman, PhD 1961, awarded the 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics for his work in Prospect theory
Harold Urey, PhD 1923, Nobel laureate and discoverer of deuterium
Pete Wilson, JD 1961, 36th Governor of California and former United States Senator from California
Janet Yellen, professor emeritus at the Haas School of Business, 15th Chair of the Federal Reserve
The computer mouse was invented by Turing Award laureate Doug Engelbart, B. Eng. 1952, Ph.D. 1955
As of 2017, 33 alumni and 23 past and present full-time faculty are counted among the 104 Nobel laureates associated with the university.[225] The Turing Award, the "Nobel Prize of computer science", has been awarded to 11 alumni and 12 past and present full-time faculty, with Dana Scott being an alumnus and a faculty member.[226]
Faculty[edit]
Shiing-Shen Chern, a leading geometer of the 20th century and a faculty member of the Berkeley mathematics department, co-founded the renowned Mathematical Sciences Research Institute at Berkeley in 1981 and served as the founding Director until 1984.[227][61] Berkeley physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer was the scientific director of the Manhattan Project that developed the first atomic bomb in the world during World War II, and was the founder of the Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics.[228] Faculty member Edward Teller was (together with Stanislaw Ulam) the "father of the hydrogen bomb", who laid important foundations for the establishment of Space Sciences Laboratory at Berkeley.[229] Ernest Lawrence, a Nobel laureate in physics who invented the cyclotron at Berkeley, and founded the Radiation Laboratory on campus, which later became the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.[230] Nobel laureate Glenn T. Seaborg discovered or co-discovered 10 chemical elements at Berkeley and served as the Chancellor of UC Berkeley from 1958-1961.[231][232] Former United States Secretary of Energy and Nobel laureate Steven Chu (PhD 1976), was Director of Berkeley Lab, 2004–2009. Janet Yellen, the 15th Chair of the Federal Reserve Board, is a professor emeritus at Berkeley Haas School of Business and the Department of Economics.[233][234]
Alumni[edit]
Berkeley alumni have served in a range of prominent government offices, both domestic and foreign, including Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court (Earl Warren, BA, JD); United States Attorney General (Edwin Meese III, JD); United States Secretary of State (Dean Rusk, LL.B.); United States Secretary of the Treasury (W. Michael Blumenthal, BA); United States Secretary of Defense (Robert McNamara, BS); United States Secretary of the Interior (Franklin Knight Lane, 1887); United States Secretary of Transportation and United States Secretary of Commerce (Norman Mineta, BS); United States Secretary of Agriculture (Ann Veneman, MPP); scores of federal judges and members of the United States Congress and United States Foreign Service; governors of California (George C. Pardee; Hiram W. Johnson; Earl Warren, BA and LL.B; Jerry Brown, BA; and Pete Wilson, JD), Michigan (Jennifer Granholm, BA), and the United States Virgin Islands (Walter A. Gordon, BA); Chief of Staff of the United States Army (Frederick C. Weyand, Class of 1938); Lieutenant General of the United States Army (Jimmy Doolittle; Vice Admiral of the United States Navy (Murry L. Royar, Class of 1916); Major General of the United States Marine Corps (Oliver Prince Smith); Brigadier General of the United States Marine Corps (Bertram A. Bone); Director of the Central Intelligence Agency and Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission (John A. McCone, BS); chair and members of the Council of Economic Advisors (Michael Boskin, BA, PhD.; Sandra Black, BA; Jesse Rothstein, PhD; Robert Seamans, PhD; Jay Shambaugh, PhD; James Stock, MA, PhD); Governor of the Federal Reserve System (H. Robert Heller, PhD) and President and CEO of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (William Dudley, PhD); Commissioners of the SEC (Troy A. Paredes, BA) and the FCC (Rachelle Chong, BA); and United States Surgeon General (Kenneth P. Moritsugu, MPH).
Foreign alumni include the President of Mexico (Francisco I. Madero, attended 1892-93); the President and Prime Minister of Pakistan; the Premier of the Republic of China (Sun Fo, BA); the President of Costa Rica (Miguel Angel Rodriguez, MA, PhD); and members of parliament of the United Kingdom (House of Lords, Lydia Dunn, Baroness Dunn, BS), India (Rajya Sabha, the upper house, Prithviraj Chavan, MS), and Iran (Mohammad Javad Larijani, PhD).
Alumni have also served in many supranational posts, notable among which are President of the World Bank (Robert McNamara, BS); Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (Rodrigo Rato, MBA); Executive Director of UNICEF (Ann Veneman, MPP); member of the European Parliament (Bruno Megret, MS); and judge of the World Court (Joan Donoghue, JD).
Robert Laughlin, BA 1972, Nobel laureate
Alumni have made important contributions to science. Some have concentrated their studies on the very small universe of atoms and molecules. Nobel laureate William F. Giauque (BS 1920, PhD 1922) investigated chemical thermodynamics, Nobel laureate Willard Libby (BS 1931, PhD 1933) pioneered radiocarbon dating, Nobel laureate Willis Lamb (BS 1934, PhD 1938) examined the hydrogen spectrum, Nobel laureate Hamilton O. Smith (BA 1952) applied restriction enzymes to molecular genetics, Nobel laureate Robert Laughlin (BA math 1972) explored the fractional quantum Hall effect, and Nobel laureate Andrew Fire (BA math 1978) helped to discover RNA interference-gene silencing by double-stranded RNA. Nobel laureate Glenn T. Seaborg (PhD 1937) collaborated with Albert Ghiorso (BS 1913) to discover 12 chemical elements, such as americium, berkelium, and californium. David Bohm (PhD 1943) discovered Bohm Diffusion. Nobel laureate Yuan T. Lee (PhD 1965) developed the crossed molecular beam technique for studying chemical reactions. Carol Greider (PhD 1987), professor of molecular biology and genetics at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in medicine for discovering a key mechanism in the genetic operations of cells, an insight that has inspired new lines of research into cancer. Harvey Itano (BS 1942) conducted breakthrough work on sickle cell anemia that marked the first time a disease was linked to a molecular origin.[235] While he was valedictorian of UC Berkeley's class of 1942, he was unable to attend commencement exercises due to internment.[236] Narendra Karmarkar (PhD 1983) is known for the interior point method, a polynomial algorithm for linear programming known as Karmarkar's algorithm.[237] National Medal of Science laureate Chien-Shiung Wu (PhD 1940), often known as the "Chinese Madame Curie," disproved the Law of Conservation of Parity for which she was awarded the inaugural Wolf Prize in Physics.[238] Kary Mullis (PhD 1973) was awarded the 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his role in developing the polymerase chain reaction,[239] a method for amplifying DNA sequences. Daniel Kahneman was awarded the 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics for his work in Prospect theory. Richard O. Buckius, engineer, Bachelor's in Mechanical Engineering '72, Masters '73, PhD '75, currently Chief Operating Officer of the National Science Foundation. Edward P. Tryon (PhD 1967) is the physicist who first said our universe originated from a quantum fluctuation of the vacuum.[240][241][242]
John N. Bahcall (BS 1956) worked on the Standard Solar Model and the Hubble Space Telescope,[243] resulting in a National Medal of Science.[243] Peter Smith (BS 1969) was the principal investigator and project leader for the NASA robotic explorer Phoenix,[244] which physically confirmed the presence of water on the planet Mars for the first time.[245] Astronauts James van Hoften (BS 1966), Margaret Rhea Seddon (BA 1970), Leroy Chiao (BS 1983), and Rex Walheim (BS 1984) have orbited the earth in NASA's fleet of space shuttles.
Undergraduate alumni have founded or cofounded such companies as Apple Computer,[246] Intel,[247] LSI Logic[248] The Gap,[249] MySpace,[250] PowerBar,[251] Berkeley Systems,[252] Bolt, Beranek and Newman[253] (which created a number of underlying technologies that govern the Internet), Chez Panisse,[254] GrandCentral (known now as Google Voice),[255] HTC Corporation,[256] VIA Technologies,[256] Marvell Technology Group,[257] MoveOn.org,[252] Opsware,[258] RedOctane,[259] Rimon Law P.C.,[260] SanDisk,[261] Scharffen Berger Chocolate Maker,[262] VMware[263] and Zilog,[264] while graduate school alumni have cofounded companies such as DHL,[265] KeyHole Inc (known now as Google Earth),[266] Sun Microsystems,[267] and The Learning Company.[268] Berkeley alumni have also led various technology companies such as Electronic Arts,[269] Google,[270] Adobe Systems,[271] Softbank (Masayoshi Son) and Qualcomm.[272]
Turing Award laureate Ken Thompson (left), BS 1965, MS 1966, with fellow laureate and colleague Dennis Ritchie (right), as they created Unix together
Berkeley alumni have developed a number of key technologies associated with the personal computer and the Internet.[273] Unix was created by alumnus Ken Thompson (BS 1965, MS 1966) along with colleague Dennis Ritchie. Alumni such as L. Peter Deutsch[274][275][276] (PhD 1973), Butler Lampson (PhD 1967), and Charles P. Thacker (BS 1967)[277] worked with Ken Thompson on Project Genie and then formed the ill-fated US Department of Defense-funded Berkeley Computer Corporation (BCC), which was scattered throughout the Berkeley campus in non-descript offices to avoid anti-war protestors.[278] After BCC failed, Deutsch, Lampson, and Thacker joined Xerox PARC, where they developed a number of pioneering computer technologies, culminating in the Xerox Alto that inspired the Apple Macintosh. In particular, the Alto used a computer mouse, which had been invented by Doug Engelbart (B.Eng 1952, Ph.D. 1955). Thompson, Lampson, Engelbart, and Thacker[279] all later received a Turing Award. Also at Xerox PARC was Ronald V. Schmidt (BS 1966, MS 1968, PhD 1971), who became known as "the man who brought Ethernet to the masses".[280] Another Xerox PARC researcher, Charles Simonyi (BS 1972), pioneered the first WYSIWIG word processor program and was recruited personally by Bill Gates to join the fledgling company known as Microsoft to create Microsoft Word. Simonyi later became the first repeat space tourist, blasting off on Russian Soyuz rockets to work at the International Space Station orbiting the earth.
In 1977, a graduate student in the computer science department named Bill Joy (MS 1982) assembled[281] the original Berkeley Software Distribution, commonly known as BSD Unix. Joy, who went on to co-found Sun Microsystems, also developed the original version of the terminal console editor vi, while Ken Arnold (BA 1985) created Curses, a terminal control library for Unix-like systems that enables the construction of text user interface (TUI) applications. Working alongside Joy at Berkeley were undergraduates William Jolitz (BS 1997) and his future wife Lynne Jolitz (BA 1989), who together created 386BSD, a version of BSD Unix that runs on Intel CPUs and evolved into the BSD family of free operating systems and the Darwin operating system underlying Apple Mac OS X.[282] Eric Allman (BS 1977, MS 1980) created SendMail, a Unix mail transfer agent that delivers about 12% of the email in the world.[283]
The XCF, an undergraduate research group located in Soda Hall, has been responsible for a number of notable software projects, including GTK+ (created by Peter Mattis, BS 1997), The GIMP (Spencer Kimball, BS 1996), and the initial diagnosis of the Morris worm.[284] In 1992 Pei-Yuan Wei,[285] an undergraduate at the XCF, created ViolaWWW, one of the first graphical web browsers. ViolaWWW was the first browser to have embedded scriptable objects, stylesheets, and tables. In the spirit of Open Source, he donated the code to Sun Microsystems, inspiring Java applets( Kim Polese (BS 1984) was the original product manager for Java at Sun Microsystems.) ViolaWWW also inspired researchers at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications to create the Mosaic web browser,[286] a pioneering web browser that became Microsoft Internet Explorer.
Robert Penn Warren, M.A. 1927 – novelist and poet, who received the Pulitzer Prize three times
Alumni collectively have won at least eight Pulitzer Prizes. Pulitzer Prize–winning journalist Marguerite Higgins (BA 1941) was a pioneering female war correspondent[287][288] who covered World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War.[289] Novelist Robert Penn Warren (MA 1927) won three Pulitzer Prizes,[290] including one for his novel All the King's Men, which was later made into an Academy Award-winning[291] movie. Pulitzer Prize–winning cartoonist Rube Goldberg (BS 1904) invented the comically complex—yet ultimately trivial—contraptions known as Rube Goldberg machines. Journalist Alexandra Berzon (MA 2006) won a Pulitzer Prize in 2009,[292] and journalist Matt Richtel (BA 1989), who also coauthors the comic strip Rudy Park under the pen name of "Theron Heir",[293] won the 2010 Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting.[294] Pulitzer Prize-winning historian Leon Litwack (BA[295] 1951, PhD 1958) taught as a professor at UC Berkeley for 43 years;[296] three other UC Berkeley professors have also received the Pulitzer Prize. Alumna and professor Susan Rasky won the Polk Award for journalism in 1991. USC Professor and UC Berkeley alumna Viet Thanh Nguyen's (PhD 1997) first novel The Sympathizer won the 2016 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction[297]
Alumni have also written novels and screenplays that have attracted Oscar-caliber talent, including The Call of the Wild author Jack London. Irving Stone (BA 1923) wrote the novel Lust for Life, which was later made into an Academy Award–winning film of the same name starring Kirk Douglas as Vincent van Gogh. Stone also wrote The Agony and the Ecstasy, which was later made into a film of the same name starring Oscar winner Charlton Heston as Michelangelo. Mona Simpson (BA 1979) wrote the novel Anywhere But Here, which was later made into a film of the same name starring Oscar-winning actress Susan Sarandon. Terry McMillan (BA 1986) wrote How Stella Got Her Groove Back, which was later made into a film of the same name starring Oscar-nominated actress Angela Bassett. Randi Mayem Singer (BA 1979) wrote the screenplay for Mrs. Doubtfire, which starred Oscar-winning actor Robin Williams and Oscar-winning actress Sally Field. Audrey Wells (BA 1981) wrote the screenplay The Truth About Cats & Dogs, which starred Oscar-nominated actress Uma Thurman. James Schamus (BA 1982, MA 1987, PhD 2003) has collaborated on screenplays with Oscar-winning director Ang Lee on the Academy Award-winning movies Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon and Brokeback Mountain.
Emmy and Golden Globe Award winning actress Kathy Baker, BA 1977
Collectively, alumni have won at least 20 Academy Awards. Gregory Peck (BA 1939), nominated for four Oscars during his career, won an Oscar for acting in To Kill a Mockingbird. Chris Innis (BA 1991) won the 2010 Oscar for film editing for her work on best picture winner, The Hurt Locker. Walter Plunkett (BA 1923 ) won an Oscar for costume design (for An American in Paris). Freida Lee Mock (BA 1961) and Charles H. Ferguson (BA 1978) have each[298][299] won an Oscar for documentary filmmaking. Mark Berger (BA 1964) has won four Oscars for sound mixing and is an adjunct professor at UC Berkeley.[300] Edith Head (BA 1918), who was nominated for 34 Oscars during her career, won eight Oscars for costume design. Joe Letteri (BA 1981[301]) has won four Oscars for Best Visual Effects in the James Cameron film Avatar and the Peter Jackson films King Kong, The Two Towers, and The Return of the King.[302]
Alumni have collectively won at least 25 Emmy Awards: Jon Else (BA 1968) for cinematography; Andrew Schneider (BA 1973) for screenwriting; Linda Schacht (BA 1966, MA 1981), two for broadcast journalism;[303][304] Christine Chen (dual BA's 1990), two for broadcast journalism;[305] Kristen Sze (BA), two for broadcast journalism;[306] Kathy Baker (BA 1977), three for acting; Ken Milnes (BS 1977), four for broadcasting technology; and Leroy Sievers (BA),[307] twelve for production. Elisabeth Leamy is the recipient of 13 Emmy awards. [308][309][310]
Alumni have acted in classic television series that are still broadcast on TV today. Karen Grassle (BA 1965) played the mother Caroline Ingalls in Little House on the Prairie, Jerry Mathers (BA 1974) starred in Leave it to Beaver, and Roxann Dawson (BA 1980) portrayed B'Elanna Torres on Star Trek: Voyager.
Former undergraduates have participated in the contemporary music industry, such as Grateful Dead bass guitarist Phil Lesh, The Police drummer Stewart Copeland,[311] Rolling Stone Magazine founder Jann Wenner, The Bangles lead singer Susanna Hoffs (BA 1980), Counting Crows lead singer Adam Duritz, electronic music producer Giraffage, MTV correspondent Suchin Pak (BA 1997),[312] AFI musicians Davey Havok and Jade Puget (BA 1996), and solo artist Marié Digby (Say It Again). People Magazine included Third Eye Blind lead singer and songwriter Stephan Jenkins (BA 1987) in the magazine's list of 50 Most Beautiful People.[313]
Alumni have also participated in the world of sports. Tennis athlete Helen Wills Moody (BA 1925) won 31 Grand Slam titles, including eight singles titles at Wimbledon. Tarik Glenn (BA 1999) is a Super Bowl XLI champion. Michele Tafoya (BA 1988) is a sports television reporter for ABC Sports and ESPN.[314] Sports agent Leigh Steinberg ( BA 1970, JD 1973) has represented professional athletes such as Steve Young, Troy Aikman, and Oscar de la Hoya; Steinberg has been called the real-life inspiration[315] for the title character in the Oscar-winning[316] film Jerry Maguire (portrayed by Tom Cruise). Matt Biondi (BA 1988) won eight Olympic gold medals during his swimming career, in which he participated in three different Olympics. At the Beijing Olympics in 2008, Natalie Coughlin (BA 2005) became the first American female athlete in modern Olympic history[317] to win six medals in one Olympics.
Berkeley alumni—often generous benefactors—have long been among the billionaire ranks, giving rise to many of the campus' eponymous schools, pavilions, centers, institutes, and halls, with some of the more prominent being J. Paul Getty, Sanford Diller and Helen Diller, Donald Fisher, and members of the Haas (Walter A. Haas, Rhoda Haas Goldman, Walter A. Haas Jr., Peter E. Haas, Bob Haas), Hearst, and Bechtel families. There are at least 18 living alumni billionaires: Masayoshi Son (SoftBank),[318] Gordon Moore (Intel founder), James Harris Simons, Jon Stryker (Stryker Medical Equipment),[319] Bill Joy (computer programmer and Sun Microsystems founder), Eric Schmidt (Google Chairman), Michael Milken, Bassam Alghanim (wealthiest Kuwaiti), Kutayba Alghanim,[320] Charles Simonyi (Microsoft), Cher Wang (HTC, wealthiest Taiwanese), Robert Haas (Levi Strauss & Co.), Carlos Rodriguez-Pastor (Interbank, Peru),[321] Fayez Sarofim, Daniel S. Loeb, Paul Merage, Victor Koo, and Lowell Milken.
See also[edit]
San Francisco Bay Area portal
University portal
Higher Education Recruitment Consortium
Pacific Film Archive
University of California Museum of Paleontology
2017 Berkeley protests
University of California
Notes and references[edit]
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Jump up ^ "National Academy of Engineering members". Berkeley Engineering. Retrieved 2016-01-24.
Jump up ^ "ARL Statistics 2007–2008" (PDF). Arl.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 13, 2013. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ "06.20.2002 – UC Berkeley library is top-ranked among North American public university research libraries". Berkeley.edu. June 20, 2002. Retrieved June 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ "What's New in the Library". Lib.berkeley.edu. Archived from the original on June 15, 2006. Retrieved June 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ "New addition to UC Berkeley Main Library dedicated to former UC President David Gardner". Berkeley.edu. June 12, 1997. Retrieved June 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Mark Twain Papers - UC Berkeley Library". www.lib.berkeley.edu.
Jump up ^ "Oral History Center - UC Berkeley Library". www.lib.berkeley.edu.
Jump up ^ "The Center for the Tebtunis Papyri - UC Berkeley Library". www.lib.berkeley.edu.
Jump up ^ "University Archives - UC Berkeley Library". www.lib.berkeley.edu.
Jump up ^ "CWUR 2017 | Top Universities in the World". cwur.org. Retrieved 2018-04-13.
Jump up ^ "Academic Ranking of World Universities 2017: USA". Shanghai Ranking Consultancy. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ "America's Top Colleges". Forbes. July 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Best Colleges 2017: National Universities Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. September 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "2016 Rankings - National Universities". Washington Monthly. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Academic Ranking of World Universities 2017". Shanghai Ranking Consultancy. 2017. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ "QS World University Rankings® 2018". Quacquarelli Symonds Limited. 2017. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "World University Rankings 2016-17". THE Education Ltd. Retrieved September 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Best Global Universities Rankings: 2017". U.S. News & World Report LP. Retrieved October 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ "University of California--Berkeley - U.S. News Best Grad School Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "University of California--Berkeley - U.S. News Best Global University Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Morgan, John. "Top Six Universities Dominate THE World Reputation Rankings". "The rankings suggest that the top six-...Stanford University and the University of Oxford – form a group of globally recognised "super brands".
Jump up ^ "CWUR 2015 – World University Rankings". Center for World University Rankings. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Nature Index 2016 Global - Top Institutions Academic Sector". Springer Nature. Retrieved August 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Money's Best Colleges". Time Inc. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Kiplinger's Best College Values". The Kiplinger Washington Editors, Inc. December 2014. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ "America's Top Colleges". Forbes. July 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "College Rankings 2014". The Daily Beast Company LLC. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Top American Research Universities" (PDF). The Center for Measuring University Performance. The Center for Measuring University Performance. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 29, 2016. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ Greene, Howard; Greene, Matthew W. Greenes' Guide to Educational Planning:The Public Ivies. Retrieved August 7, 2013.
Jump up ^ "History & discoveries". University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Melvin Calvin - Facts". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2016-12-05.
Jump up ^ "It's Elementary: Berkeley Can Bask in the Glow as More Elements Hit Periodic Table". Cal Alumni Association. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Lawrence Livermore credited with discovery of elements 115, 117 and 118". Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Ernest Lawrence - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-11-13.
Jump up ^ Oakes, Elizabeth H. (2007). "Emerson, Gladys Anderson". Encyclopedia of World Scientists. p. 211. ISBN 1438118821{{inconsistent citations}}
Jump up ^ Reilly, Edwin D. (2003). Milestones in Computer Science and Information Technology. p. 50. ISBN 1573565210.
Jump up ^ Ritchie, Dennis M.; Thompson, Ken (July 1978). "The UNIX Time-Sharing System" (PDF). Bell System Tech. J. AT&T. 57 (6): 1905–1929. doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1978.tb02136.x. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
Jump up ^ "100 Important Innovations That Came From University Research - Online Universities". August 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Chenming Hu". National Science & Technology Medal Foundation. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Bill Joy". UC Berkeley.
Jump up ^ "Innovation and Entrepreneurship | Research UC Berkeley". vcresearch.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2017-11-11.
^ Jump up to: a b "In startup sweepstakes, it's Cal vs. Stanford". Berkeley News. 2016-09-09. Retrieved 2017-11-11.
Jump up ^ "UC Berkeley third-largest producer of entrepreneurs, report says | The Daily Californian". The Daily Californian. 2013-08-18. Retrieved 2017-11-23.
Jump up ^ "UC Berkeley is No. 1 in global entrepreneurship". University of California. 2016-09-16. Retrieved 2017-11-23.
Jump up ^ "The University Entrepreneurship Report – Alumni of Top Universities Rake in $12.6 Billion Across 559 Deals". CB Insights Research. 2012-10-29. Retrieved 2017-11-23.
Jump up ^ "One University To Rule Them All: Stanford Tops Startup List - ReadWrite". ReadWrite. 2012-12-03. Retrieved 2017-11-23.
Jump up ^ Cohen, Adam (2002-06-16). "'The Perfect Store'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-11-17.
Jump up ^ "Pierre Omidyar". Forbes. Retrieved 2017-11-17.
Jump up ^ "OpenStreetMap Oakland". openstreetmap.org. Retrieved 10 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "Moving to Berkeley". Berkeley Postdoctoral Association. Archived from the original on February 29, 2012. Retrieved February 29, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Online Exhibit on the Hearst Architectural Competition". Sunsite.berkeley.edu. Retrieved June 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ "The 10 Tallest University Clock Towers". Best College Reviews. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
Jump up ^ "University of California, Berkeley Campus". Office of Historic Preservation, California State Parks. Retrieved March 30, 2012.
Jump up ^ McCoy, Esther (1960). Five California Architects. New York: Reinhold Publishing Corporation. p. 6. ASIN B000I3Z52W.
Jump up ^ "UC Berkeley Strawberry Creek". Strawberrycreek.berkeley.edu. Archived from the original on March 1, 2012. Retrieved June 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Hayward Fault: UC Berkeley". seismo.berkeley.edu. Archived from the original on April 22, 2008. Retrieved April 13, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Campus provides updates on Memorial Stadium Project and Student-Athlete High Performance Center". Berkeley.edu. August 29, 2007. Retrieved June 8, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The College Sustainability Report Card". Greenreportcard.org.
Jump up ^ "UC Berkeley LEED Buildings (as of July 2016)" (PDF).
Jump up ^ "Berkeley Cogeneration Project". Olympus Power, LLC. 2013. Archived from the original on June 2, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ "About UC – Shared Governance". The University of California. Archived from the original on December 4, 2008. Retrieved November 30, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Robert J. Birgeneau appointed UC Berkeley chancellor". UC Berkeley NewsCenter. July 27, 2004. Retrieved November 30, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Organizational Chart – Senior Administration" (PDF). UC Berkeley. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 17, 2008. Retrieved November 30, 2008.
Jump up ^ Watanabe, Teresa (August 16, 2016). "UC Berkeley chancellor to resign following months of criticism by faculty". Los Angeles Times.
Jump up ^ Esail, Vera (September 21, 2016). "University announces members of chancellor search committee". Daily Californian.
Jump up ^ Pratt, Pressly (March 13, 2017). "Carol Christ approved as UC Berkeley chancellor by UC regents". The Daily Californian.
Jump up ^ "Human Resources – Unions, bargaining agreements, and labor relations". UC Berkeley. Archived from the original on August 4, 2008. Retrieved November 30, 2008.
Jump up ^ "http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2011/12/13/californiastate-shortfall-triggers-100-million-cut-for-uc-2/"
Jump up ^ Berryhill, Alex. "UC Berkeley looks to philanthropy in place of state funding". Daily Californian. Missing or empty |url= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "University Of California Proposes Creation Of Venture-Capital Fund For Student And Faculty Startups". CBS San Francisco. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "Full-Time MBA Financial Aid – Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley". Haas.berkeley.edu. Archived from the original on July 9, 2012. Retrieved June 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Financial Aid". Berkeley Law. April 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ See Demographics of California and Demographics of the United States for references.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "University of California, Berkeley Common Data Set 2017-2018, Part C". University of California Berkeley, Office of Planning and Analysis.
Jump up ^ "Six UC campuses to redirect national merit funding to other merit-based scholarships". University of California Newsroom. July 13, 2005. Archived from the original on August 29, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Pell Grant". UC Regents. Retrieved April 23, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "University of California FRESHMAN ADMISSION RATES by Campus and Residency" (PDF). The Independent Berkeley Student Publishing Co. Retrieved 2016-07-06.
^ Jump up to: a b c http://www.ucop.edu/institutional-research-academic-planning/_files/factsheets/2015/fall-2015-admissions-table2.pdf
^ Jump up to: a b c http://www.ucop.edu/institutional-research-academic-planning/_files/factsheets/2013/fall_2013_admissions_table2.pdf
Jump up ^ http://www.ucop.edu/institutional-research-academic-planning/_files/factsheets/2015/frosh_trsirs_table1.1.pdf
Jump up ^ http://www.ucop.edu/institutional-research-academic-planning/_files/factsheets/2013/frosh_trsirs_table1.1.pdf
^ Jump up to: a b c "University of California, Berkeley Common Data Set 2016-2017, Part C". University of California Berkeley, Office of Planning and Analysis. Archived from the original on 2015-04-05.
^ Jump up to: a b c "University of California, Berkeley Common Data Set 2015-2016, Part C" (PDF). University of California Berkeley, Office of Planning and Analysis.
^ Jump up to: a b c "University of California, Berkeley Common Data Set 2014-2015, Part C" (PDF). University of California Berkeley, Office of Planning and Analysis.
^ Jump up to: a b c "University of California, Berkeley Common Data Set 2013–2014, Part C" (PDF). University of California Berkeley, Office of Planning and Analysis.
^ Jump up to: a b c "University of California, Berkeley Common Data Set 2012–2013, Part C" (PDF). University of California Berkeley, Office of Planning and Analysis.
^ Jump up to: a b c "University of California, Berkeley Common Data Set 2011–2012, Part C" (PDF). University of California Berkeley, Office of Planning and Analysis.
Jump up ^ "California Golden Bears – Traditions". Calbears.collegesports.com. Archived from the original on September 5, 2005. Retrieved June 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ "University of California Marching Band ~ About Us". Calband.berkeley.edu. Retrieved June 29, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Home". UC Rally Committee. Retrieved June 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Bear Traditions". Days of Cal. Sunsite.berkeley.edu. Retrieved June 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ "California Golden Bears – Traditions". Calbears.collegesports.com. Archived from the original on March 3, 2006. Retrieved June 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ "California Golden Bears – Traditions". Calbears.collegesports.com. September 7, 1991. Archived from the original on December 12, 2004. Retrieved June 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Cafe 3". Yelp.
Jump up ^ "Living at Cal 2012–2013, UC Berkeley Housing". Housing.berkeley.edu. Retrieved June 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Jackson House". Housing.berkeley.edu. Retrieved June 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Home". Usca.org. Retrieved June 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ "BSC history". Usca.org. Archived from the original on June 17, 2012. Retrieved June 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ "About CalGreeks". ASUC Student Union LEADCenter. Retrieved January 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Welcome to CalGreeks.com". CalGreeks. Retrieved January 25, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Find a Chapter at the University of California, Berkeley". University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Student Action Webpage". Studentaction.org. Retrieved June 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ "CalSERVE Webpage". Calserve.org. Retrieved June 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ Gordon, Jeremy; Chen, Daphne (April 18, 2013). "ASUC Senate passes Israeli divestment bill SB 160, 11-9".
Jump up ^ "UC Berkeley students pass Israel divestment bill".
Jump up ^ "ASUC Bylaw 3206: CalTV". ASUC Central Drive (Google Drive).
Jump up ^ Staff (April 19, 2012). "Best of Berkeley: Best of Campus". The Daily Californian. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Campus Description — UC Berkeley". University of California. June 2, 2006. Archived from the original on March 10, 2007. Retrieved June 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "About the Residence Hall Assembly". rha.berkeley.edu. Retrieved November 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Berkeley Group". The Berkeley Group. February 11, 2007. Retrieved June 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Berkeley Consulting". Retrieved 23 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Welcome". Berkeley Business Society. Retrieved 2018-05-18.
Jump up ^ "Official weblink to ImagiCal". Retrieved September 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Berkeley Forum". Forum.berkeley.edu. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ "DeCal". Democratic Education at Cal. Archived from the original on 4 November 1999. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
Jump up ^ "DeCal Courses".
Jump up ^ "Cal Quidditch". Cal Quidditch. Retrieved 2017-06-13.
^ Jump up to: a b "State Colors". State-Wide News. University Bulletin. 2 (4): 18. August 24, 1953. Retrieved July 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Resource Guide: Student history". University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on January 10, 2010. Retrieved February 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "GOVERNMENT CODE – GOV TITLE 1. GENERAL [100–7914] ( Title 1 enacted by Stats. 1943, Ch. 134. ) DIVISION 2. STATE SEAL, FLAG, AND EMBLEMS [399–447] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1943, Ch. 134. )". California Legislative Information Code Section. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "Athletics Brand Identity Guidelines: Color". Retrieved July 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Colors". Berkeley, University of California. Retrieved July 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ "2007–08 Fall U.S. Sports Academy Directors' Cup standings" (PDF). CBS Interactive. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Director's Cup results 07–08" (PDF). Retrieved March 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Director's Cup results 10–11" (PDF). Retrieved March 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Schwab, Frank (June 17, 2013). "Cal's new stadium renovation leaves school with huge debt to pay off". Yahoo! Sports. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ Asimov, Nanette (June 17, 2013). "Cal scrambling to cover stadium bill". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ Staff, Isaac Smith |. "Academic Senate releases new admissions criteria for student-athletes". The Daily Californian. Archived from the original on January 1, 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ Yen, Ruey (9 November 2017). "Big Splash + Big Kick: Cal vs. Stanford in Men's Water Polo and Men's Soccer". California Golden Blogs. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto". Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
Jump up ^ "Her Norwegian heritage drew her to projects with the Norwegian Consulate in San Francisco and the Norwegian American Cultural Society, and she hosted a party for Crown Prince Haakon Magnus when he graduated from UC Berkeley in 1999." Carolyne Zinko (July 3, 2008). "Sigrun Corrigan, Bay Area arts patron, dies". San Francisco Chronicle.
Jump up ^ "UC Berkeley Nobel Prize Winners". www.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2016-03-08.
Jump up ^ "Dana Scott's Career Highlights". www.cs.cmu.edu. Retrieved 2016-03-13.
Jump up ^ "12.06.2004 – Renowned mathematician Shiing-Shen Chern, who revitalized the study of geometry, has died at 93 in Tianjin, China". www.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2016-03-08.
Jump up ^ "BCTP History". ctp.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2016-03-08.
Jump up ^ "History". Space Sciences Laboratory. Retrieved 2016-03-08.
Jump up ^ "Berkeley Lab History – 75 Years of World-Class Science". history.lbl.gov. Retrieved 2016-03-08.
Jump up ^ "Days of Cal | Glenn T. Seaborg". vm136.lib.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2016-03-08.
Jump up ^ "Glenn T. Seaborg – His Biography". www2.lbl.gov. Retrieved 2016-03-08.
Jump up ^ "Janet Yellen | Faculty Directory | Berkeley-Haas". facultybio.haas.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2016-03-08.
Jump up ^ "Faculty profiles | Department of Economics". www.econ.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2016-03-08.
Jump up ^ Maugh, Thomas. "Harvey Itano dies at 89; researcher whose studies provided a breakthrough on sickle cell disease". LA Times. Missing or empty |url= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Maugh, Thomas. "Harvey Itano dies at 89; researcher whose studies provided a breakthrough on sickle cell disease". LA Times. Retrieved May 12, 2014.
Jump up ^ University of California, Berkeley at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
Jump up ^ Weinstock, Maia. "Channeling Ada Lovelace: Chien-Shiung Wu, Courageous Hero of Physics". Scientific American. Retrieved May 12, 2014.
Jump up ^ Shampo, MA (July 2002). "Kary Mullis—Nobel Laureate for Procedure to Replicate DNA". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 77 (7): 606. doi:10.4065/77.7.606. PMID 12108595.
Jump up ^ Tryon, Edward P. "Is the Universe a Vacuum Fluctuation?". Nature. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ Impey, Chris (2012). How It Began: A Time-Travelers Guide To the Universe (First ed.). New York, United States: W.W. Norton & Company. p. 411. ISBN 978-0-393-08002-5.
Jump up ^ Parsons, Paul (2001). The Big Bang: The Birth of Our Universe. London: DK Publishing, Inc. p. 36. ISBN 0-7894-8161--8.
^ Jump up to: a b Hipwell, Deirdre (September 1, 2005). "Obituaries – Professor John Bahcall". London: The Times(United Kingdom). Retrieved May 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ University of Arizona University Communications (March 18, 2008). "Peter Smith Named Thomas R. Brown Distinguished Chair in Integrative Science".
Jump up ^ "NASA Spacecraft Confirms Martian Water, Mission Extended". NASA. July 31, 2008.
Jump up ^ Apple Computer was co-founded by Steve Wozniak( BS 1986). Harriet Stix (May 14, 1986). "A UC Berkeley Degree Is Now the Apple of Steve Wozniak's Eye". Los Angeles Times.
Jump up ^ Intel was co-founded by Gordon Moore (BS 1950). Jose Rodriguez (July 17, 1996). "Intel chairman awarded UC Berkeley's highest honor at Silicon Valley tribute". University of California at Berkeley Public Information Office.
Jump up ^ LSI Logic was cofounded by Robert Walker (BS EE 1958). "Contributors (August 1970)". IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits. 5 (4): 168–169. August 1970. doi:10.1109/JSSC.1970.1050102. ISSN 0018-9200.
Jump up ^ The Gap was founded by Donald Fisher (BS 1951), who served as its inaugural president and chairman of the board. "Business Visionary Don Fisher, BS 51". Obituaries. Cal Business. University of California, Berkeley, Haas School of Business (Fall 2009). Retrieved January 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ MySpace was cofounded by Tom Anderson (BA 1998). Owen Gibson (June 23, 2008). "200 million friends and counting". London: The Guardian (publication in the United Kingdom).
Jump up ^ PowerBar was cofounded by Brian Maxwell (BA 1975) and his wife Jennifer Maxwell (BS 1988). "Cal mourns passing of Brian Maxwell, former coach, runner, PowerBar founder, and philanthropist". UC Berkeley News. March 22, 2004.
^ Jump up to: a b Berkeley Systems and MoveOn.org were cofounded by Joan Blades (BA 1977). Hawkes, Ellen. "Joan Blades". Women of the Year 2003. Ms. Magazine (Winter 2003). Retrieved January 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bolt, Beranek and Newman was cofounded by Richard Bolt (BA 1933, MA 1937, PhD 1939). Leo L. Beranek (1979). "Acoustical Society of America Gold Medal Award – 1979 Richard Henry Bolt". Acoustical Society of America. Archived from the original on June 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ Chez Panisse was founded by Alice Waters (BA 1967). Martin, Andrew. "Alice Waters". New York Times. Retrieved May 27, 2010. ; and Marian Burros (August 14, 1996). "Alice Waters: Food Revolutionary". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ GrandCentral (known now as Google Voice) was cofounded by Craig Walker (B.A. 1988, J.D. 1995). "A Symposium on Intellectual Property and Entrepreneurship March 7–8, 2008 – Speakers". Berkeley Center for Law & Technology, Berkeley Technology Law Journal. 2008. Archived from the original on May 16, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b HTC Corporation and VIA Technologies were cofounded by Cher Wang (BA 1980, MA 1981). Laura Holson (October 26, 2008). "With Smartphones, Cher Wang Made Her Own Fortune". New York Times.
Jump up ^ Marvell Technology Group was founded by Weili Dai, (BA Computer Science 1984) and her husband Sehat Sutardja (MS 1983, PhD 1988 EECS) and brother-in-law Pantas Sutardjai (MS 1983, PhD 1988 ). Sarah Yang (February 27, 2009). "Dedication of new CITRIS headquarters marks new stage of innovation to help fuel economic growth". University of California, Berkeley and the UC Regents.
Jump up ^ Opsware was cofounded by In Sik Rhee (BS EECS 1993). David Sheff (August 2008). "Crank it up". Wired Magazine.
Jump up ^ RedOctane was cofounded by brothers Charles Huang (BA 1992 ) and Kai Huang (BA CS 1994). Don Steinberg (October 1, 2008). "Just Play – Guitar Hero". Inc Magazine.
Jump up ^ Ward, Stephanie Francis (September 12, 2012). "Moradzadeh and Silberman Maintain High-Tech, No-Pomp Practice". ABA Journal. Retrieved February 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ SanDisk was cofounded by Sanjay Mehrotra (BS 1978, MS EE 1980). "Corporate Officers". SanDisk.
Jump up ^ Scharffen Berger Chocolate Maker was cofounded by John Scharffenberger (BA 1973). Jessica Kwong (January 29, 2009). "Berkeley Scharffen Berger Factory to Close". Daily Californian.
Jump up ^ VMware was cofounded by Edward Wang (BS EECS 1983, MS 1988, PhD 1994), along with Diane Greene (MS CS 1988) and her husband Mendel Rosenblum (MS 1989, PhD 1992). "VMware Leadership". VMware.
Jump up ^ Zilog was cofounded by Ralph Ungermannn (BSEE 1964). Lawrence M. Fisher (February 19, 1988). "Business People: Ungermann-Bass Chairman Finds a Merger He Likes". New York Times.
Jump up ^ DHL was cofounded by Larry Hillblom (Law 1969). Saul Hansell (May 23, 1995). "Larry L. Hillblom, 52, Founder Of DHL Worldwide Express". New York Times.
Jump up ^ KeyHole Inc (known now as Google Earth) was cofounded by John Hanke (MBA 1996). "Haas Alumnus Maps the Future at Google Earth". University of California, Berkeley.
Jump up ^ Sun Microsystems was cofounded by Bill Joy (MS 1982). "2009 Goff Smith Lecture: Bill Joy, The Promise of Green Technologies". University of Michigan College of Engineering. October 16, 2009. Archived from the original on October 21, 2009.
Jump up ^ The Learning Company was cofounded by Warren Robinett (MS 1976). Kuekes, P. J.; Robinett, W.; Williams, R. S. (September 2006). "Effect of Conductance Variability on Resistor-Logic Demultiplexers for Nanoelectronics". IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology. 5 (5): 446–454. doi:10.1109/TNANO.2006.880405. ISSN 1536-125X.
Jump up ^ John Riccitiello (BS 1981) has served as the CEO of Electronic Arts since 2007, and previously served as the president and COO of the company from 1996 to 2003. He is also the cofounder of Elevation Partners (with U2 singer Bono). HarmonyService (Fall 2007). "University of California Berkeley, Haas School of Business – John Riccitiello, BS 81". Haas School of Business, University of California Berkeley.
Jump up ^ Eric Schmidt (MS 1979, PhD 1982) has been the CEO of Google since 2001. Pescovitz, David. "Eric Schmidt Searches and Finds Success (Again)". Lab Notes: Research from the Berkeley College of Engineering. College of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley. 3 (1 (Jan/Feb 2003)). Retrieved January 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ Shantanu Narayen (MBA 1993) has been the CEO of Adobe Systems since 2007. University of California Berkeley, Haas School of Business (2009). "Shantanu Narayen MBA 93". University of California Berkeley, Haas School of Business.
Jump up ^ Paul Jacobs (BS 1984, MS 1986, PhD 1989 EECS) has been the CEO of Qualcomm since 2005. Abby Cohn (November 2008). "Mobile Phone Metamorphosis". "Innovations" by UC Berkeley College of Engineering.
Jump up ^ "Berkeley Unix worked so well that DARPA chose it for the preferred 'universal computing environment' to link Arpanet research nodes, thus setting in place an essential piece of infrastructure for the later growth of the Internet. An entire generation of computer scientists cut their teeth on Berkeley Unix. Without it, the Net might well have evolved into a shape similar to what it is today, but with it, the Net exploded." Andrew Leonard (May 16, 2000). "BSD Unix: Power to the people, from the code". Salon.com. Archived from the original on December 4, 2005.
Jump up ^ Deutsch was awarded a 1992 citation by the Association for Computing Machinery for his work on Interlisp( "ACM Award Citation – L. Peter Deutsch". Archived from the original on May 4, 2012. )
Jump up ^ L. Peter Deutsch is profiled on pages 30, 31, 43, 53, 54, 66 (which mentions Deutsch beginning his freshman year at Berkeley), and page 87 in the following book: Steven Levy (January 2, 2001). Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-385-19195-2.
Jump up ^ L. Peter Deutsch is profiled in pages 69, 70–72, 118, 146, 227, 230, 280, 399 of the following book: Michael A. Hiltzik. Dealers of Lightning: Xerox PARC and the Dawn of the Computer Age. Collins Business. ISBN 0-88730-891-0.
Jump up ^ "Fellow Awards – Charles Thacker". Computer History Museum. 2007.
Jump up ^ Michael A. Hiltzik. Dealers of Lightning: Xerox Parc and the Dawn of the Computer Age. Collins Business. p. 70. ISBN 0-88730-891-0.
Jump up ^ Elizabeth Weise (March 15, 2010). "Charles Thacker wins Turing Award, computing's 'Nobel prize'". USA Today.
Jump up ^ Lawrence M. Fisher (February 27, 1994). "Sound Bytes; On Building a Better Highway". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ Andrew Leonard (May 16, 2000). "BSD Unix: Power to the people, from the code". Salon.com. Archived from the original on December 4, 2005.
Jump up ^ Rachel Chalmers (May 17, 2000). "The unknown hackers – Open-source pioneers Bill and Lynne Jolitz may be the most famous programmers you've never heard of". Salon.com. Archived from the original on November 9, 2005.
Jump up ^ E-Soft Inc (January 1, 2012). "Mail (MX) Server Survey". Security Space.
Jump up ^ "eXperimental Computer Facility's proud present and impressive past". Engineering News. February 10, 2003. Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved February 13, 2009.
Jump up ^ Pei-Yuan Wei's contributions are profiled on pages 56, 64, 68, and 83, in the World Wide Web creator's autobiography ( Tim Berners-Lee (November 7, 2001). Weaving the Web. Collins Business. ISBN 0-06-251586-1. )
Jump up ^ Tim Berners-Lee (November 7, 2001). Weaving the Web. Collins Business. pp. 68, 83. ISBN 0-06-251586-1.
Jump up ^ "General Walton H. Walker had ordered her out of Korea..... Like many another soldier, old and young, General Walker was convinced that women do not belong in a combat zone... General Douglas MacArthur reversed Walker's ruling. To the Herald Tribune, MacArthur sent a soothing telegram: 'Ban on women correspondents in Korea has been lifted. Marguerite Higgins is held in highest professional esteem by everyone.'" "The Press: Last Word". Time. July 31, 1950.
Jump up ^ "The Press: Pride of the Regiment". Time. September 25, 1950.
Jump up ^ "Columnists: Lady at War". Time. January 14, 1966.
Jump up ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. (2008). "Robert Penn Warren". The Biography Channel. Archived from the original on August 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ Nominated for seven Academy Awards, All the King's Men won Oscars for Best Picture of 1949, Best Actor (Broderick Crawford), and Best Supporting Actress (Mercedes McCambridge) Bosley Crowther. "All the King's Men – Review Summary". The New York Times. Retrieved May 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ Shannon Lee (April 23, 2009). "Journalism School Alumna Part Of Pulitzer-Prize Winning Staff". The Daily Californian.
Jump up ^ Vance, Ashlee (April 12, 2010). "Matt Richtel". The New York Times. Retrieved May 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Matt Richtel". The Pulitzer Prizes. 2010.
Jump up ^ Cathy Cockrell (September 14, 2005). "Leon Litwack Rocks". The Berkeleyan and the UC Berkeley NewsCenter.
Jump up ^ Cathy Cockrell (May 8, 2007). "Leon Litwack's last stand". UC Berkeley NewsCenter (University of California, Berkeley).
Jump up ^ "The Pulitzer Prizes". The Pulitzer Prizes – Columbia University.
Jump up ^ Freida Lee Mock (BA 1961) won an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 1995 for Maya Lin: A Strong Clear Vision. "Behind the Lens – Extended Interviews with POV Filmmakers". Public Broadcasting Service and American Documentary Inc. March 4, 2011.
Jump up ^ Charles H. Ferguson (BA 1978) won an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 2011 for Inside Job. Andrew Pulver (February 28, 2011). "Oscars 2011: Inside Job banks best documentary award". The Guardian (United Kingdom).
Jump up ^ Jawad Qadir (March 31, 2010). "UC Berkeley Professor Mixes Sound for Award Winning Films". The Daily Californian. Archived from the original on November 5, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Talk of the Gown – Blues in the News". California Magazine. Cal Alumni Association. June 2003.
Jump up ^ Sandra Fischione Donovan (March 12, 2010). "Beaver County native wins fourth Oscar for visual effects". Pittsburgh Tribune-Review.
Jump up ^ "Haas NewsWire, February 20, 2001". Haas School of Business and the University of California, Berkeley. February 20, 2001. Archived from the original on June 12, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Television Program Faculty and Lecturers". Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism and the Regents of the University of California. Archived from the original on April 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Asian Hall of Fame – Induction Ceremony". Robert Chinn Foundation. 2007.
Jump up ^ "Meet the Team – Kristen Sze". KGO News. Archived from the original on December 10, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Colon Cancer Claims Veteran Journalist Leroy Sievers". ABC News. August 16, 2008.
Jump up ^ "MegaMetro NewsCenter Story Archives June-August 2000". MegaMetro TV NewsCenter. MegaMetro TV NewsCenter. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
Jump up ^ Maynard, John (June 19, 2005). "Youth Is Served At Local Emmys". The Washington Post. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "Elisabeth Leamy Bio". ABC News. ABC News Internet Ventures. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
Jump up ^ Rovi of All Movie Guide. "Stewart Copeland". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ "SuChin Pak Biography – Reporter, Host and Interviewer – MTV News". MTV.
Jump up ^ "Stephan Jenkins: Musician". People Magazine. May 10, 1999.
Jump up ^ "Michele Tafoya – ESPN's Monday Night Football Sideline Reporter; Play-By-Play and Sideline Commentator". ESPN. Archived from the original on July 5, 2008.
Jump up ^ Daniel Roberts and Pablo S. Torre (April 11, 2012). "'Jerry Maguire aspires to be you'". Sports illustrated.
Jump up ^ Jerry Maguire was nominated for 5 Academy Awards, and won for Best Supporting Actor (Cuba Gooding, Jr.).
Jump up ^ "The six medals she won are the most by an American woman in any sport, breaking the record she tied four years ago. Her career total matches the third-most by any U.S. athlete." Jaime Aron (August 17, 2008). "Coughlin's 6 medals most by a US woman". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on September 8, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Masayoshi Son". Forbes. Retrieved 2018-05-12.
Jump up ^ "Jon Stryker". Forbes. Retrieved 2016-04-12.
Jump up ^ "Kutayba Alghanim". Forbes. Retrieved 2016-04-12.
Jump up ^ Robinson, Edward (2011-08-03). "Publicity Shy Tycoon Forging Modern Peru Amid Expanding Economy". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2014-08-17.
Further reading and viewing[edit]
Brechin, Gray (1999). Imperial San Francisco. UC Press Ltd. ISBN 0-520-21568-0.
Cerny, Susan Dinkelspiel (2001). Berkeley Landmarks: An Illustrated Guide to Berkeley, California's Architectural Heritage. Berkeley Architectural Heritage Association. ISBN 0-9706676-0-4.
Freeman, Jo (2003). At Berkeley in the Sixties: The Education of an Activist, 1961–1965. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-21622-2.
Helfand, Harvey (2001). University of California, Berkeley. Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 1-56898-293-3.
Owens, MFEM (2004). America's Best Value Colleges. The Princeton Review. ISBN 0-375-76373-2.
Rorabaugh, W. J. (1990). Berkeley at War: The 1960s. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-506667-7.
Wiseman, Frederick (Director) (2013). At Berkeley (Motion picture). Zipporah Films.
Wong, Geoffrey (May 2001). A Golden State of Mind. Trafford Publishing. ISBN 1-55212-635-8.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to University of California, Berkeley.
Official website
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"California, University of". Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921.
"University of California". The New Student's Reference Work. 1914.
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BNF: cb11986447q (data)
GND: 2025100-2
ISNI: 0000 0001 2181 7878
LCCN: n79046084
NLA: 36750542
SUDOC: 027926265
VIAF: 149111950
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values: Калифорнийски университет, Бъркли – Bulgarian

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values: Univerzitet Kalifornije (Berkeley) – Bosnian

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values: Universitat de Califòrnia a Berkeley – Catalan

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values: University of California, Berkeley – Cebuano

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values: Kalifornská univerzita v Berkeley – Czech

values:
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values: University of California, Berkeley – Danish

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values: University of California, Berkeley – German

values:
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values:
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values: Πανεπιστήμιο της Καλιφόρνιας, Μπέρκλεϋ – Greek

values:
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values: Universidad de California en Berkeley – Spanish

values: Universitato de Kalifornio en Berkeley – Esperanto

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values: Kaliforniako Unibertsitatea Berkeleyn – Basque

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values: دانشگاه کالیفرنیا، برکلی – Persian

values:
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values: Université de Californie à Berkeley – French

values: Universidade de California en Berkeley – Galician

values:
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values: 캘리포니아 대학교 버클리 – Korean

values:
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values: Կալիֆոռնիայի համալսարան (Բերկլի) – Armenian

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values: Universitas California, Berkeley – Indonesian

values: Kaliforníuháskóli í Berkeley – Icelandic

values:
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values: Università della California, Berkeley – Italian

values:
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values: אוניברסיטת קליפורניה בברקלי – Hebrew

values:
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values: Берклиде Калифорнияны университети – Karachay-Balkar

values:
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values: კალიფორნიის უნივერსიტეტი (ბერკლი) – Georgian

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values: Калифорния университеті, Беркли – Kazakh

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values: Калифорния Университети (Беркли) – Kyrgyz

values:
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values: Universitas Californiensis Berkeleiensis – Latin

values:
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values: Kalifornijas Universitāte (Bērkli) – Latvian

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values: Kalifornijos universitetas Berklyje – Lithuanian

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values: യൂണിവേർസിറ്റി ഓഫ് കാലിഫോർണിയ, ബെർക്കിലി – Malayalam

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values: جامعة كاليفورنيا (بركلى) – Egyptian Arabic

values:
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values: Universiteit van Californië - Berkeley – Dutch

values:
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values: カリフォルニア大学バークレー校 – Japanese

values:
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values: University of California, Berkeley – Norwegian

values:
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values: Kaliforniya universiteti, Berkli – Uzbek

values:
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values: ਕੈਲੀਫ਼ੋਰਨੀਆ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ, ਬਰਕਲੀ – Punjabi

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values: کیلیفورنیا یونیورسٹی، برکلے – Western Punjabi

values:
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values: Uniwersytet Kalifornijski w Berkeley – Polish

values:
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values: Universidade da Califórnia em Berkeley – Portuguese

values: Universitatea Berkeley din California – Romanian

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values: California, Berkeley Yachay Suntur – Quechua

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values: Калифорнийский университет в Беркли – Russian

values:
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values: Universiteti i Kalifornisë, Berkeley – Albanian

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values: University of California, Berkeley – Simple English

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values: University of California, Berkeley – Slovak

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values: Univerza Kalifornije, Berkeley – Slovenian

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values: زانکۆی کالیفۆرنیا (بێرکلی) – Central Kurdish

values:
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values: Универзитет Калифорније (Беркли) – Serbian

values:
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values: University of California, Berkeley – Serbo-Croatian

values:
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values: Kalifornian yliopisto (Berkeley) – Finnish

values:
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values: University of California, Berkeley – Swedish

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values: Unibersidad ng California, Berkeley – Tagalog

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values: கலிபோர்னியா பல்கலைக்கழகம் (பெர்க்லி) – Tamil

values:
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values: มหาวิทยาลัยแคลิฟอร์เนีย เบิร์กลีย์ – Thai

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values: Kaliforniya Üniversitesi, Berkeley – Turkish

values:
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values: Університет Каліфорнії (Берклі) – Ukrainian

values:
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values: جامعہ کیلیفورنیا، برکلی – Urdu

values: Đại học California tại Berkeley – Vietnamese

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values: Unibersidad han California, Berkeley – Waray

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values: Universıtey Kaliforniya, Berkeley – Zazaki

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values: 加利福尼亞大學柏克萊分校 – Chinese

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