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Fire ant
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"Red ant" redirects here. For the species Pogonomyrmex barbatus, see Red harvester ant.
Fire ant
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Clade: Euarthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Formicidae
Subfamily: Myrmicinae
Tribe: Solenopsidini
Genus: Solenopsis
Westwood, 1840
Type species
Solenopsis geminata
(Fabricius, 1804)
Diversity[1]
201 species
Fire ant is the common name for several species of ants in the genus Solenopsis. They are, however, only a minority in the genus, which includes over 200 species of Solenopsis worldwide. Solenopsis are stinging ants and most of their common names reflect this, for example, ginger ants and tropical fire ants. Many species also are called red ants because of their light brown color, though species of ants in many other genera are similarly named for similar reasons. Examples include Myrmica rubra and Pogonomyrmex barbatus.[2]
None of these names apply in all countries nor to all species of Solenopsis, nor only to Solenopsis species; for example the colloquial names for several species of weaver ants in the genus Oecophylla in Southeast Asia include "fire ants" because of their red color and painful sting; the two genera, however, are not closely related. Also, Wasmannia auropunctata is commonly called the "little fire ant".[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Appearance of fire ants
2 Behavior
3 Roles
3.1 Queen
3.2 Males (drones)
3.3 Other roles
4 Invasive species
5 Symptoms and treatment for fire ant sting
6 Predators
7 Species
8 See also
9 References
10 Further reading
11 External links
Appearance of fire ants[edit]
Fire ant mound
Detail of the head (Solenopsis geminata)
The bodies of mature fire ants, like the bodies of all typical mature insects, are divided into three sections: the head, the thorax, and the abdomen, with three pairs of legs and a pair of antennae. Fire ants of those species invasive in the United States can be distinguished from other ants locally present by their copper brown head and body with a darker abdomen. The worker ants are blackish to reddish and their size varies from 2 to 6 mm (0.079 to 0.236 in). In an established nest these different sizes of ants all are present at the same time.[4]
Solenopsis spp. ants can be identified by three body features—a pedicel with two nodes, an unarmed propodeum, and antennae with 10 segments plus a two-segmented club.[5] Many ants bite, and formicine ants can cause irritation by spraying formic acid; myrmecine ants like fire ants have a dedicated venom-injecting sting, which injects an alkaloid venom, as well as mandibles for biting.[6]
Behavior[edit]
A fire ant worker, queen, and male (clockwise from bottom left)
A typical fire ant colony produces large mounds in open areas, and feeds mostly on young plants and seeds. Fire ants often attack small animals and can kill them. Unlike many other ants, which bite and then spray acid on the wound, fire ants bite only to get a grip and then sting (from the abdomen) and inject a toxic alkaloid venom called solenopsin, a compound from the class of piperidines. For humans, this is a painful sting, a sensation similar to what one feels when burned by fire (hence the name) and the after effects of the sting can be deadly to sensitive people.[7] Fire ants are more aggressive than most native species and so have pushed many species away from their local habitat. One such species that Solenopsis ants parasitically take advantage of are bees, such as Euglossa imperialis, a non-social orchid bee species, from which the ants would enter the cells from below the nest and rob the cell's contents.[8] These ants are renowned for their ability to survive extreme conditions. They do not hibernate, but can survive cold conditions, although this is costly to fire ant populations as observed during several winters in Tennessee, where 80 to 90% of colonies died due to several consecutive days of extremely low temperatures.[9]
Fire ants have been known to form mutualistic relationships with several species of Lycaenidae and Riodinidae butterflies.[10][11] In Lycaena rubidus larvae secrete a fluid that is high in sugar content. Fire ants bring the larvae back to the nest, and protect them through the pupa stage in exchange for feeding on the fluid.[11] In Eurybia elvina, fire ants were observed to frequently construct soil shelters over later instars of larvae on inflorescences that the larvae are found.[10]
Fire ants nest in the soil, often near moist areas, such as river banks, pond shores, watered lawns, and highway shoulders. Usually, the nest will not be visible, as it will be built under objects such as timber, logs, rocks, or bricks. If there is no cover for nesting, dome-shaped mounds will be constructed, but these are usually only found in open spaces, such as fields, parks and lawns. These mounds can reach heights of 40 cm (16 in),[4] but can be even higher on heavier soils, standing at 1.0m in height and 1.5m in diameter.[12] Colonies are founded by small groups of queens or single queens. Even if only one queen survives, within a month or so, the colony can expand to thousands of individuals. Some colonies may be polygynous (having multiple queens per nest).[13]
Fire ants are resilient and can survive floods. During Hurricane Harvey in Texas, clumps of fire ants were seen clumped together on the surface of the water. Each clump had as many as 100,000 individual ants, who formed the temporary structure until finding a new permanent home.[14]
Roles[edit]
Solenopsis winged reproductive females, queens and workers
Queen[edit]
Fire ant queens, the reproductive females in their colony, also are generally the largest. Their primary function is reproduction; fire ant queens may live up to 7 years and can produce up to 1,600 eggs per day, and colonies will have as many as 250,000 workers.[12][15] The estimated potential life span is around 5.83 to 6.77 years.[16] Young, virgin fire ant queens have wings (as do male fire ants), but they rip them off after mating.
Males (drones)[edit]
Males mate with the queen. They die soon after mating.
Other roles[edit]
There are other types of roles in an ant colony like the workers and the soldier ants. The soldier ants are known for their larger and more powerful mandibles while the worker takes care of regular tasks (the main tasks in a colony are caring for the eggs/larvae/pupae, cleaning the nest, and foraging for food).[12] However, Solenopsis daguerrei colonies contain no workers, as they are considered social parasites.[17]
Invasive species[edit]
Further information on invasive species: Red imported fire ant
Sign for the Fire Ant Festival in Ashburn, Georgia
Although most fire ant species do not bother people and are not invasive, Solenopsis invicta, known in the United States as the red imported fire ant (or RIFA) is an invasive pest in many areas of the world, notably the United States, Australia, China and Taiwan.[18] The RIFA was believed to have been accidentally introduced to these countries via shipping crates, particularly with Australia when they were first found in Brisbane in 2001.[19] These ants have now since been spotted in Sydney for the first time.[20] They were believed to be in the Philippines, but they are most likely to be misidentified for Solenopsis geminata ants.[21]
In the US the FDA estimates that more than US$5 billion is spent annually on medical treatment, damage, and control in RIFA-infested areas. Furthermore, the ants cause approximately $750 million in damage annually to agricultural assets, including veterinarian bills and livestock loss, as well as crop loss.[22] Over 40 million people live in RIFA-infested areas in the southeastern United States.[23] About 60% of people living in fire ant-infested areas are stung each year.[24] RIFA are currently found mainly in subtropical southeastern USA states including Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and parts of North Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Arkansas, Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and California.[25]
Since September 2004 Taiwan has been seriously affected by the red fire ant. The US, Taiwan and Australia all have ongoing national programs to control or eradicate the species, but, except for Australia, none have been especially effective. In Australia, there is an intensive program costing A$175 million, although the fire ant had remained despite efforts.[26] By July 2013 multiple sites west of Brisbane were confirmed, including the Lockyer Valley, Muirlea and Goodna.[27] According to a study published in 2009, it only took seventy years for the lizards in parts of the United States to adapt to the ant's presence – they now have longer legs and new behaviors that aid them in escaping from the danger.[28]
Symptoms and treatment for fire ant sting[edit]
A human leg three days after brief contact with a fire ant colony
The venom of fire ants is composed of alkaloids derived from piperidine (see Solenopsis saevissima). Some people are allergic to the venom, and as with many allergies, may experience anaphylaxis, which requires emergency treatment. Management of an emergency visit due to anaphylaxis is recommended with the use of adrenaline.[29] The sting swells into a bump, which can cause much pain and irritation, especially when several stings are in the same place. The bump often forms into a white pustule, which can become infected if scratched, but if left alone will usually flatten within a few days. The pustules are obtrusive and uncomfortable while active and, if they become infected, can cause scarring.[30]
First aid for fire ant stings includes external treatments and oral medicines. There are also many home remedies of varying efficacy, including immediate application of urine or aloe vera gel, the latter of which is also often included in over-the-counter creams that also include medically tested and verified treatments.[7] External, topical treatments include the anesthetic benzocaine, the antihistamine diphenhydramine, and the corticosteroid hydrocortisone.[7] Antihistamines or topical corticosteroids may help reduce the itching and will generally benefit local sting reactions.[31] Oral medicine include antihistamines.[32] Severe allergic reactions to fire ant stings, including severe chest pain, nausea, severe sweating, loss of breath, serious swelling, and slurred speech,[33] can be fatal if not treated.[34]
Predators[edit]
Venus flytrap
A species of Drosera with its sticky leaves that trap many ants
Pseudacteon curvatus, phorid fly parasitoid of fire ants
Phorid flies, or Phoridae, are a large family of small, hump-backed flies somewhat smaller than vinegar flies; two species in this family (Pseudacteon tricuspis and Pseudacteon curvatus) are parasitoids of the red imported fire ant in its native range in South America. Some 110 species of the genus Pseudacteon, or ant-decapitating flies, have been described. Members of Pseudacteon reproduce by laying eggs in the thorax of the ant. The first instar larvae migrates to the head, then develops by feeding on the hemolymph, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. After about two weeks, they cause the ant's head to fall off by releasing an enzyme that dissolves the membrane attaching the ant's head to its body. The fly pupates in the detached head capsule, emerging two weeks later.[35]
Pseudacteon flies appear to be important ecological constraints on Solenopsis species and they have been introduced throughout the southern United States, starting with Travis, Brazos, and Dallas counties in Texas, as well as south central Alabama, where the ants first entered North America.[36]
The Venus flytrap, a carnivorous plant, is native only to North and South Carolina in the United States. About 33% of the prey of the Venus flytrap are ants of various species.[37] They lure their prey with a sweet sap. Once the prey has entered the trap and within about 3 seconds has touched two or three "trigger hairs", bristles on the surface of the trap, the leaf closes around the prey, confining it behind the "teeth" on its perimeter, and digests it. The majority of ants that are captured include non-native RIFAs, and three other species of ants.[37] Other carnivorous plants, such as sundews (Drosera) and various kinds of pitcher plants also trap many ants.
Species[edit]
Main article: List of Solenopsis species
The genus contains over 200 species.[1] They include:
Solenopsis daguerrei (Santschi, 1930)
Solenopsis fugax (Latreille, 1798)
Solenopsis invicta Buren, 1972
Solenopsis molesta (Say, 1836)
Solenopsis richteri Forel, 1909
Solenopsis saevissima (Smith, 1855)
Solenopsis silvestrii Emery, 1906
Solenopsis solenopsidis (Kusnezov, 1953)
Solenopsis xyloni McCook, 1879
See also[edit]
Ant stings
Ant venom
Ants of medical importance
Bullet ant
Red imported fire ants in Australia
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Bolton, B. (2014). "Solenopsis". AntCat. Retrieved 20 July 2014.
Jump up ^ Reins, Dusty. "Species: Pogonomyrmex barbatus - Red Harvester Ant". Wildcat Bluff Nature Center. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
Jump up ^ "Wasmannia auropunctata". Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR). Retrieved 9 July 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Fire ant identification". Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (Queensland Government). 30 July 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
Jump up ^ "Red Imported Fire Ant - UC Statewide IPM Program". University of California Agriculture & Natural Resources. 25 April 2014. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
Jump up ^ Yi, GB; McClendon, D; Desaiah, D; Goddard, J; Lister, A; Moffitt, J; Meer, RK; deShazo, R; Lee, KS; Rockhold, RW (2002). "Fire ant venom alkaloid, isosolenopsin A, a potent and selective inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase". International Journal of Toxicology. 22 (2): 81–6. doi:10.1080/10915810305090. PMID 12745988.
^ Jump up to: a b c Drees, Bastiaan M. (December 2002). "Medical Problems and Treatment Considerations for the Red Imported Fire Ant" (PDF). Texas A&M University (Texas Imported Fire Ant Research and Management Project). Retrieved 30 December 2014.
Jump up ^ Roberts, R. B.; Dodson, Calaway H. (1967). "Nesting biology of two communal bees, Euglossa imperialis and Euglossa ignita (Hymenoptera: Apidae), including description of larvae". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 60 (5): 1007–1014. doi:10.1093/aesa/60.5.1007.
Jump up ^ Walter R. Tschinkel (2006). The Fire Ants. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p. 89. ISBN 0-674-02207-6.
^ Jump up to: a b Horvitz, Carol C.; Turnbull, Christine; Harvey, Donald J. (1987-07-01). "Biology of Immature Eurybia elvina (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), a Myrmecophilous Metalmark Butterfly". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 80 (4): 513–519. doi:10.1093/aesa/80.4.513. ISSN 0013-8746.
^ Jump up to: a b Watt, Loren (2001). "Lycaena rubidus". Animal Diversity Web.
^ Jump up to: a b c Lockley, Timothy C. "Imported Fire Ants". University of Minnesota (IPM World Textbook). Archived from the original on 30 December 2014. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
Jump up ^ Kintz-Early, Janet; Parris, Leslie; Zettler, Jennifer; Bast, Josh (September 2003). "Evidence of polygynous red imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in South Carolina". Florida Entomologist. 86 (3): 381–382. doi:10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0381:EOPRIF]2.0.CO;2. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
Jump up ^ "Floating fire ants form rafts in Houston floodwaters". BBC. London. August 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Vinson, S.B.; Sorenson, A.A. (1986). Imported Fire Ants: Life History and Impact. P. O. Box 12847, Austin, Texas 78711: The Texas Department of Agriculture.
Jump up ^ Tschinkel, Walter R. (1987). "Fire Ant Queen Longevity and Age: Estimation by Sperm Depletion" (PDF). Annals of the Entomological Society of America. Tallahassee, Florida 32306: Department of Biological Science, Florida State University. 80 (2): 263–266. doi:10.1093/aesa/80.2.263. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
Jump up ^ Briano, Juan A.; Calcaterra, Luis A.; Wojcik, D.P.; Williams, D.F.; Banks, W.A.; Patterson, R.S. (1997). "Abundance of the Parasitic Ant Solenopsis daguerrei (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in South America, a Potential Candidate for the Biological Control of the Red Imported Fire Ant in the United States". Environmental Entomology. 26 (5): 1143–1148. doi:10.1093/ee/26.5.1143. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
Jump up ^ Ascunce, M. S.; Yang, C.-C.; Oakey, J.; Calcaterra, L.; Wu, W.-J.; Shih, C.-J.; Goudet, J.; Ross, K. G.; Shoemaker, D. (24 February 2011). "Global Invasion History of the Fire Ant Solenopsis invicta". Science. 331 (6020): 1066–1068. doi:10.1126/science.1198734. PMID 21350177.
Jump up ^ Murphy, Damien (13 December 2014). "Red fire ants will make thongs a thing of the past". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
Jump up ^ "'Aggressive' red ants found at Sydney port". The Australian. Australian Associated Press. 8 December 2014. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
Jump up ^ Wetterer, James K. (2013). "Exotic spread of Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) beyond North America". Sociobiology. 60: 53–63. doi:10.13102/sociobiology.v60i1.50-55.
Jump up ^ McDonald, Maggie (February 2006). "Reds Under Your Feet (interview with Robert Vander Meer)". New Scientist. 189 (2538): 50.
Jump up ^ Solley, GO; Vanderwoude, C; Knight, GK (3 June 2002). "Anaphylaxis due to Red Imported Fire Ant sting". The Medical Journal of Australia. 176 (11): 521–3. PMID 12064982. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
Jump up ^ Oi, David H. (25 June 2008). "Public health significance of Urban Pests". World Health Organization Technical Report. Pharaoh ants and fire ants. pp. 175–208. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
Jump up ^ https://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_info/fireants/downloads/fireant.pdf
Jump up ^ Condon, Matthew (27 July 2013). "Queensland launched a war against the fire ant invasion, but 12 years later, they're still on the march". The Courier Mail. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
Jump up ^ McCarthy, John; Williams, Brian (25 July 2013). "Mayors warn fire ants are dominating in south east Queensland as infestations double". The Courier Mail. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
Jump up ^ Bryner, Jeanna (26 January 2009). "Lizards' Dance Avoids Deadly Ants". Live Science. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
Jump up ^ Lee, Jason; Betschel, Stephen (2013). "A case of the first documented fire ant anaphylaxis in Canada". Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology. 9 (1): 25. doi:10.1186/1710-1492-9-25.
Jump up ^ deShazo RD, Butcher BT, Banks WA (1990). "Reactions to the stings of the imported fire ant". New England Journal of Medicine. 323 (7): 462–6. doi:10.1056/NEJM199008163230707. PMID 2197555.
Jump up ^ Talcott, Patricia A.; Peterson, Michael E. (2013). Small animal toxicology (3rd ed.). St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier. pp. 584–585. ISBN 978-1455707171. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
Jump up ^ "Fire Ant Bites". American Osteopathic College of Dermatology. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
Jump up ^ "Insects and Scorpions". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 22 October 2008. Retrieved 11 April 2008.
Jump up ^ Prahlow, JA; Barnard, JJ (June 1998). "Fatal anaphylaxis due to fire ant stings". The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology. 19 (2): 137–42. doi:10.1097/00000433-199806000-00007. PMID 9662108.
Jump up ^ Ehrenberg, Rachel (18 September 2009). "Venom attracts decapitating flies". Science News. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
Jump up ^ Porter, Sanford D.; Graham, L. C. “Fudd”; Johnson, Seth J.; Thead, Larry G.; Briano, Juan A. (June 2011). "The Large Decapitating Fly (Diptera: Phoridae): Successfully Established on Fire Ant Populations in Alabama". Florida Entomologist. 94 (2): 208–213. doi:10.1653/024.094.0213.
^ Jump up to: a b Ellison, DM; Gotelli, NJ (2009). "Energetics and the evolution of carnivorous plants—Darwin's 'Most Wonderful plants in the world'". Journal of Experimental Botany. 60 (1): 19–42. doi:10.1093/jxb/ern179. PMID 19213724.
Further reading[edit]
Bert Hölldobler and Edward O. Wilson (1990). The Ants. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 3-540-52092-9.
External links[edit]
Media related to Solenopsis at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Solenopsis at Wikispecies
Taxon identifiers
Wd: Q1075697
ADW: Solenopsis
BugGuide: 30188
EoL: 33045
EPPO: 1SOLEG
Fauna Europaea: 80709
ITIS: 154237
NCBI: 13685
NZOR: c5285299-5acd-49ce-9893-73e690bc4053

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Send Me on My Way
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Send Me on My Way"
Single by Rusted Root
from the album Cruel Sun and When I Woke and the EP Evil Ways
Released
1995
Genre
Folk rock, acoustic rock, alternative rock
Length
4:33 (Cruel Sun version)
4:19 (When I Woke version)[1]
Label
Mercury
Songwriter(s)
Michael Glabicki, Liz Berlin, John Buynak, Jim Dispirito, Jim Donovan, Patrick Norman and Jennifer Wertz[2]
Producer(s)
Dave Brown (Cruel Sun version)[3]
Bill Bottrell (When I Woke version)[2]
"Send Me on My Way" is a 1995 single by Rusted Root. It peaked at number 72 on the Billboard Hot 100.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Critical reception
3 In popular culture
4 References
Background[edit]
Originally released as a rough version on 1992's Cruel Sun, it was rerecorded in 1994 for their second album, When I Woke.[2] Root's frontman, Michael Glabicki, wrote the lyrics, and its other members – Liz Berlin, John Buynak, Jim Dispirito, Jim Donovan, Patrick Norman and Jennifer Wertz – contributed to the track.[2]
In February 2013, in an interview with Songfacts, Glabicki recalled entering the band's studio – a warehouse with big windows – on a sunny day, picking up a guitar and just writing the song amidst "a very, very happy feeling" in which "there was a lot of happiness in the room"[5] In the same interview, he said that Toni Childs was an influence on the song.[5]
The song makes use of nonsense phrases such as "oombayseeyou" and "seemoobadeeyah".[6] These were added on the grounds that they sounded good and felt right and use of a dictionary word would not have been an improvement.[2] In addition, the song contains a penny whistle solo played by Rusted Root member John Buynak.[5]
Critical reception[edit]
Critical reception has been mixed. In January 2014, in a review for Cruel Sun, Kurt Keefner said that "the African vocal riff from "Send Me on My Way" is bad Ladysmith Black Mambazo",[7] whereas Chris Baker of Syracuse.com said "The song's pep and lightheartedness is undoubtedly responsible for its success. Unlike the fervor found in songs like "Ecstasy" or "Lost in a Crowd," "Send Me on My Way" is unbridled optimism – perfect for a children's movie."[8]
In popular culture[edit]
It has since maintained wide recognition through its frequent use in motion picture soundtracks, most notably in the movie adaptation of Roald Dahl's Matilda, as well as Ice Age from Blue Sky Studios. This also includes other media, such as:
Party of Five (1996 soundtrack)[9]
Pie in the Sky (1996)[10]
Matilda (1996)
Race the Sun (1996)[11]
The Theory of Flight (1998)[12]
Ice Age (2002)
Mr. and Mrs. Smith (2005)
Standing Still (2005)[13]
Used as theme music for Treehouse's Are We There Yet?: World Adventure (2007–2009)[14]
Alpha and Omega (2010)[15]
Chuck (2011)[16]
Featured song in NHL and NCAA campaigns for Enterprise Rent-A-Car, which aired 254 times between 2011–2013[17]
New Girl – Season 1, Episode 12 (2012)[18]
Cuckoo – Season 3, Episode 7 (BBC 3 version) (2015)
Big Mouth - Season 1, Episode 4 (2017)
In addition, NASA engineers chose "Send Me on My Way" as "wake up" music for the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity, for Sol 21.[19]
Because of its use in popular culture, frontman Glabicki has said that the song has "become a different thing for us. It's this thing that lives next to us. Everyone has a great memory or connection with the song. The song grew up and now has a life of its own; it's bigger; we get to sit back and watch it."[20]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Send Me on My Way – Rusted Root | Listen, Appearances, Song Review". AllMusic. Retrieved February 7, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e When I Woke (Media notes). Rusted Root. PolyGram Records. 1994.
Jump up ^ Cruel Sun (Media notes). Rusted Root. Blue Duck. 1992.
Jump up ^ Billboard Hot 100.
^ Jump up to: a b c Tweet (January 8, 2013). "Michael Glabicki of Rusted Root: Songwriter Interviews". Songfacts.com. Retrieved February 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Michael Glabicki of Rusted Root : Songwriter Interviews". www.songfacts.com. Retrieved 2016-10-19.
Jump up ^ Kurt Keefner. "Cruel Sun – Rusted Root | Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards". AllMusic. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ Central New York (January 2, 2014). "Rusted Root endures with the help of 'Send Me on My Way'". syracuse.com. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ Jason Ankeny (November 12, 1996). "Party of Five [Original TV Soundtrack] – Original TV Soundtrack | Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards". AllMusic. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ Gordon, Bryan (Director) (February 9, 1996). Pie in the Sky (Motion picture). Fine Line Features.
Jump up ^ Kanganis, Charles T. (Director) (March 22, 1996). Race the Sun (Motion picture). TriStar Pictures.
Jump up ^ "Theory of Flight – Original Soundtrack | Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards". AllMusic. January 12, 1999. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ Cole Weiss, Matthew (Director) (June 17, 2005). Standing Still (Motion picture). Freestyle Publishing.
Jump up ^ "Are We There Yet?: World Adventure theme". IMDB.com. September 18, 2012. Retrieved March 25, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bell, Anthony, Gluck, Ben (September 17, 2010). Alpha and Omega (Motion picture). Lionsgate Films.
Jump up ^ Norris, Patrick (February 21, 2011). "Chuck Versus the Masquerade". Warner Bros. Television Distribution. Missing or empty |series= (help)
Jump up ^ "Enterprise TV Commercial, 'College Grads' Song by Rusted Root". iSpot.tv. September 18, 2012. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ Reed, Payton (February 7, 2012). "The Landlord". Fox Broadcasting Company. Missing or empty |series= (help)
Jump up ^ Dave Lane, Mars Exploration Rover OPPORTUNITY, Vol 1 2003–2004 (2008), p. 52 ("Controllers at JPL chose "Send Me on My Way," by Rusted Root, and "Desert Drive," by Tangerine Dream, as Opportunity's wake up music for sol 21").
Jump up ^ "Rusted Root has a new album, new sound". greenvilleonline.com. January 16, 2014. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Send_Me_on_My_Way&oldid=804567547"
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text:
Five-second rule (basketball)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
In basketball, the five-second rule, or five-second violation, is a rule that helps promote continuous play. There are multiple situations where a five-second violation may occur.
Contents
[hide]
1 Five-second throw-in violation
1.1 Penalty
2 Five-second closely guarded violation
2.1 Penalty
3 Five-second back to the basket violation
3.1 Penalty
4 Five-second free throw violation
4.1 Penalty
5 References
Five-second throw-in violation[edit]
Under all basketball rule sets, a team attempting to throw a ball in-bounds has a total of five seconds to release the ball towards the court.[1] The five second clock starts when the team throwing it in has possession of the ball (usually bounced or handed to a player while out of bounds by the official).
Penalty[edit]
Loss of ball. Possession will be awarded to the opponent at the previous out of bounds spot.
Five-second closely guarded violation[edit]
A five-second closely guarded violation may be called against an offensive player with the ball when that player is guarded closely for five seconds or more and does not pass, shoot, or dribble within that time. Under NCAA men's rules, to be considered "closely guarded", a defender must be guarding a player who is located in the frontcourt and within six (6) feet of the player.[2] The count applies to a player who is only holding the ball. Prior to the 2015-16 season,[3] the rule included those dribbling the ball as well. This allows for multiple closely guarded counts to occur. NCAA women's rules require the defender to be within three (3) feet and can occur anywhere on the playing court, but only applies when the offensive player is holding the ball.[4] A count ends whenever the player with the ball gets his head and shoulders past the defender, the defender is no longer within the required distance, the same defender does not continuously closely guard the player in control of the ball, or another opponent is between the defender and the ball.[5]
High school rules mimic men's college basketball's closely guarded rule. A defender must be guarding the player in control of the ball, in the frontcourt, and must be within six feet of the player. A player may be holding or dribbling the ball. If defensive teammates switch, and both are within six feet of the player in control of the ball, the same count is continued.
Under FIBA rules, a defender must be within one meter of a player holding the ball and must be in an active guarding position.[6] This count can occur anywhere on the playing court.
In the NBA this rule is applied only in a throw in scenario.[7]
A five-second count will begin if an offensive player with the ball and not facing-up starts dribbling below the free throw line extended while being closely guarded or starts dribbling outside and then penetrates below the free throw line extended while being closely guarded. (The five-second count commences when the offensive player penetrates the free throw line extended.) After five seconds, a violation will have occurred and the offensive team will lose possession.
Penalty[edit]
The penalty for a five-second closely guarded violation is loss of ball. The opposing team will throw-in the ball from the out-of-bounds spot nearest the violation.
Five-second back to the basket violation[edit]
In the NBA, a player in the frontcourt, below the free throw line extended, is not permitted to dribble the ball with his back or side to the basket for more than five seconds.[8] A count ends when:[8]
Player picks up his dribbling
Player dribbles above the free throw line extended
The defense deflects the ball
Penalty[edit]
Loss of ball. The opponent is awarded the ball at the free throw line extended.
Five-second free throw violation[edit]
A free throw shooter, under FIBA rules, must throw the ball towards the hoop within five seconds after an official places it at his disposal.[9] (Under North American rule sets, the shooter is allowed 10 seconds.)
Penalty[edit]
If the free throw is successful, then the point shall not count. The ball is awarded to the opponent at the free throw line extended unless another free throw is to follow or a possession penalty is to follow.[10]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ NBA Official Rules (2009-2010) Rule 10, Section III, (2). Retrieved July 30, 2010
Jump up ^ 2009-2011 Men's & Women's Basketball Rules Rule 4, Section 13, Article 1. Retrieved July 30, 2010
Jump up ^ [1] NCAA news release, June 8, 2015
Jump up ^ 2009-2011 Men's & Women's Basketball Rules Rule 4, Section 42, Article 2. Retrieved July 30, 2010
Jump up ^ 2009-2011 Men's & Women's Basketball Rules Rule 4, Section 42, Article 3 and 4. Retrieved July 30, 2010
Jump up ^ FIBA Official Basketball Rules (2010) Rule 5, Section 27.1. Retrieved July 30, 2010
Jump up ^ [2] RULE NO. 10-VIOLATIONS AND PENALTIES
^ Jump up to: a b NBA Official Rules (2009-2010) Rule 10, Section XV. Retrieved July 30, 2010
Jump up ^ FIBA Official Basketball Rules (2010) Rule 7, Section 43.2.3 Retrieved July 30, 2010
Jump up ^ FIBA Official Basketball Rules (2010) Rule 7, Section 43.3.1. Retrieved July 30, 2010
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text:
RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars (season 3)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars
Season 3
Broadcast from
January 25 (2018-01-25) – March 15, 2018 (2018-03-15)
Judges
RuPaul
Michelle Visage
Carson Kressley
Ross Mathews
Host(s)
RuPaul
Broadcaster
VH1
Competitors
10
Winner
Trixie Mattel
Origin
Los Angeles, California
Runner-up
Kennedy Davenport
Chronology
◀
Season 3
The third season of RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars began airing on January 25, 2018. The season was announced in August 2017, and 9 of the 10 cast members were revealed during a VH1 television special titled "Exclusive Queen Ruveal," which aired on October 20, 2017.[1][2][3] This season featured ten All Star contestants, selected from the show's first season through to its ninth season, who competed to be inducted into the "Drag Race Hall of Fame".
As in the previous season, the top two queens in the challenge compete in a "Lip Sync for Your Legacy," with the winner of the lip sync earning $10,000 and choosing which of the bottom queens gets eliminated. A new twist on how the top queens of the season were chosen was revealed in the seasons last episode. The previously eliminated queens returned in the finale and voted for the top two out of the remaining top four finalists, from there on the two queens with the most votes advanced and the others were subsequently eliminated. The prizes for the winner of the competition are a one-year supply of Anastasia Beverly Hills cosmetics and a cash prize of $100,000.
The winner of the third season of RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars was Trixie Mattel, with Kennedy Davenport being the runner-up.
Contents
[hide]
1 Contestants
2 Contestant progress
3 Lip syncs
4 Guest judges
4.1 Special guests
5 Episodes
6 Leak
7 Ratings
8 Reception
9 References
10 External Links
Contestants
The drag queens that competed are:[4]
(Ages and names stated are at time of contest.)
Contestant
Real name
Age
Hometown
Original season
Original placement
Outcome
Trixie Mattel Brian Firkus 28 Los Angeles, California Season 7 06 !6th Place Winner
Kennedy Davenport Reuben Asberry Jr.[5] 35 Dallas, Texas Season 7 04 !4th Place Runner-up
BeBe Zahara Benet Nea Marshall Kudi 36 Minneapolis, Minnesota Season 1 01 !Winner 3rd/4th Place
Shangela D.J. Pierce 35 Los Angeles, California Season 2 12 !12th Place
Season 3 05 !6th Place
Morgan McMichaels Thomas White 36 Los Angeles, California Season 2 08 !8th Place 5th Place[a]
BenDeLaCreme Benjamin Putnam 35 Seattle, Washington Season 6 05 !5th Place[b] 6th Place[c]
Aja Jay Rivera[6] 23 Brooklyn, New York Season 9 09 !9th Place 7th Place
Chi Chi DeVayne Zavion Davenport[7] 32 Shreveport, Louisiana Season 8 04 !4th Place 8th Place
Milk Dan Donigan[8] 29 New York, New York Season 6 09 !9th Place 9th Place
Thorgy Thor Shane Galligan[9][10] 33 Brooklyn, New York Season 8 06 !6th Place 10th Place
Jump up ^ Morgan McMichaels originally placed 10th before being chosen to return to the competition.
Jump up ^ This contestant was voted Miss Congeniality during her original season.
Jump up ^ This contestant eliminated herself.
Contestant progress
Contestant
1[11]
2[12]
3[13]
4[14]
5[15]
6[16]
7[17]
8[18]
Trixie Mattel SAFE SAFE HIGH BTM3 WIN BTM3 WIN Winner
Kennedy Davenport SAFE BTM2 WIN BTM3 SAFE BTM3 BTM3 Runner-up
BeBe Zahara Benet SAFE HIGH SAFE SAFE WIN WIN BTM3 Eliminated
Shangela HIGH WIN SAFE WIN BTM2 BTM3 WIN Eliminated
Morgan McMichaels ELIM IN ELIM Guest
BenDeLaCreme WIN WIN WIN WIN SAFE ELIM Guest
Aja WIN SAFE BTM3 SAFE ELIM OUT Guest
Chi Chi DeVayne BTM2 LOW BTM3 ELIM OUT Guest
Milk SAFE SAFE ELIM OUT Guest
Thorgy Thor SAFE ELIM OUT Guest
The contestant won RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars.
The contestant was the runner-up.
The contestant was eliminated by jury vote without lip-syncing entirely.
The contestant won the challenge and won the "Lip Sync for Your Legacy."
The contestant won the challenge but lost the "Lip Sync for Your Legacy."
The contestant came back for a chance to re-enter the competition and was chosen to return.
The contestant came back for a chance to re-enter the competition but was not chosen to return.
The contestant received positive judges' critiques but was ultimately declared safe.
The contestant received judges' critiques but was ultimately declared safe.
The contestant received negative judges' critiques but was ultimately declared safe.
The contestant won the challenge and won the "Lip Sync for Your Legacy" but chose to eliminate herself.
The contestant was in the bottom and eligible for elimination.
The contestant was eliminated.
The contestant returned as a juror for the final episode to vote for the Top 2
Lip syncs
Episode
Contestants
(Pick for Elimination)
Song
Winner
Up for Elimination
Eliminated
1 Aja
(Chi Chi DeVayne) vs. BenDeLaCreme
(Morgan McMichaels) "Anaconda"
(Nicki Minaj) BenDeLaCreme Chi Chi DeVayne
Morgan McMichaels
Morgan McMichaels
2 BenDeLaCreme
(Thorgy Thor) vs. Shangela
(Thorgy Thor) "Jump (For My Love)"
(The Pointer Sisters) Shangela Kennedy Davenport
Thorgy Thor
Thorgy Thor
3 BenDeLaCreme
(Chi Chi DeVayne) vs. Kennedy Davenport
(Milk) "Green Light"
(Lorde) Kennedy Davenport Aja
Chi Chi DeVayne
Milk
Milk
4 BenDeLaCreme
(Chi Chi DeVayne) vs. Shangela
(Chi Chi DeVayne) "I Kissed a Girl"
(Katy Perry) BenDeLaCreme & Shangela Chi Chi DeVayne
Kennedy Davenport
Trixie Mattel
Chi Chi DeVayne
5 BeBe Zahara Benet
(Aja) vs. Trixie Mattel
(Aja) "The Boss"
(Diana Ross) BeBe Zahara Benet Aja
Shangela Aja
6 BeBe Zahara Benet[a] vs. BenDeLaCreme
(BenDeLaCreme)
[Morgan McMichaels][b] "Nobody's Supposed to Be Here
(Hex Hector Dance Mix)"
(Deborah Cox) BenDeLaCreme Kennedy Davenport
Shangela
Trixie Mattel BenDeLaCreme
7 Shangela
(Morgan McMichaels) vs. Trixie Mattel
(Morgan McMichaels) "Freaky Money"
(RuPaul ft. Big Freedia) Shangela BeBe Zahara Benet
Kennedy Davenport
Morgan McMichaels Morgan McMichaels
8 Kennedy Davenport vs. Trixie Mattel "Wrecking Ball"
(Miley Cyrus) Trixie Mattel None Kennedy Davenport
The contestant was eliminated after their first time in the bottom.
The contestant was eliminated after their second time in the bottom.
The contestant was eliminated after their third time in the bottom.
The contestant self-eliminated without being in the bottom.
The contestant was eliminated after the final lip sync.
Jump up ^ In episode 7, BeBe Zahara Benet chose not to show who she selected to return to the competition and who she selected to eliminate if she had won the lip sync.
Jump up ^ In episode 6, the contestants in the lip sync were asked to choose an eliminated contestant to return to the competition in addition to picking someone to eliminate.
Guest judges
Guest judges[19] for this season include (in order of appearance):
Vanessa Hudgens, actress and singer
Todrick Hall, actor and singer
Vanessa Williams, actress and singer
Constance Zimmer, actress
Jeffrey Bowyer-Chapman, actor and model
Nicole Byer, comedian and actress
Kristin Chenoweth, actress and singer
Tituss Burgess, actor and singer
Shay Mitchell, actress and model
Adam Lambert, singer and actor
Emma Bunton, singer and actress
Chris Colfer, actor and singer
Garcelle Beauvais, actress and model
Special guests
Guests who appeared in episodes but did not judge on the main stage (in order of appearance):
Chad Michaels, runner-up from season four and winner of season one of All Stars
Alaska, runner-up from season five and winner of season two of All Stars
Marc Jacobs, fashion designer
Nancy Pelosi, House Democratic leader and representative for California's 12th congressional district
Episodes
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
16
1 "All-Star Variety Show" January 25, 2018 (2018-01-25)
Nine formerly eliminated queens from past seasons of RuPaul's Drag Race enter the workroom to win a spot in the Drag Race Hall of Fame, and also to win a cash prize of $100,000. Upon entering the room, RuPaul introduces the final 10th queen, season one winner BeBe Zahara Benet, stating that he wants to showcase the contestant to a new generation of fans.[11] For the episode's maxi-challenge, each queen is to prepare a live talent presentation for the second All Star Variety Show.[11] Upon judgement, BeBe Zahara Benet, Milk, and Trixie Mattel are deemed safe. During the critiques, Aja and BenDeLaCreme are selected as the top two all stars of the week. Contestants Shangela and Thorgy Thor receive positive reviews from the judges. Chi Chi DeVayne and Morgan McMichaels are placed in the bottom for their performances. Aja and BenDeLaCreme lip-sync against each other to Nicki Minaj's "Anaconda"; BenDeLaCreme wins the lip sync and eliminates Morgan McMichaels.[11]
Guest Judge: Vanessa Hudgens
Mini-challenge: Reading is Fundamental
Mini-challenge Winner: BenDeLaCreme
Mini-challenge Prize: $3,000 shopping spree to L.A. Eyeworks
Main Challenge: Perform a talent in front of the judges, a live audience, and other competitors.
Challenge Winners: Aja & BenDeLaCreme
Main Challenge Prize: Five-night stay at the Grand Resort Hotel and Spa in Fort Lauderdale, air fare included
Lip Sync for Your Legacy Winner: BenDeLaCreme
Lip Sync Song: "Anaconda" by Nicki Minaj
Bottom Two: Chi Chi DeVayne & Morgan McMichaels
Eliminated: Morgan McMichaels
Farewell Message: "I love you girls! Keep rocking and stay FABULOUS!"
17
2 "Divas Lip Sync Live" February 1, 2018 (2018-02-01)
In episode two, the nine remaining queens are assigned female musicians to embody in the Divas Lip Sync Live battle, a tribute act in the form of a live medley of RuPaul songs. Aja performs as Amy Winehouse, BeBe Zahara Benet as Diana Ross, BenDeLaCreme as Julie Andrews, Chi Chi DeVayne as Patti LaBelle, Kennedy Davenport as Janet Jackson, Milk as Celine Dion, Shangela as Mariah Carey, Trixie Mattel as Dolly Parton, and Thorgy Thor as Stevie Nicks.[12] The runway theme on the main stage is "RuDemption," a theme for which each contestant recreates a look from their original season.[12] Upon judgement, Aja, Milk, and Trixie Mattel are deemed safe. During the critiques, BeBe Zahara Benet, BenDaLeCreme, and Shangela receive positive feedback on their performances and runway looks, with the latter two winning the challenge. Chi Chi DeVayne, Kennedy Davenport and Thorgy Thor are all criticized for their performances, while their runway looks receive praise. DeVayne is declared safe from the bottom two. Shangela and BenDeLaCreme lip-sync against each other to The Pointer Sisters' "Jump (For My Love)." Shangela wins the lip sync and eliminates Thorgy Thor.[12]
Guest Judges: Todrick Hall & Vanessa Williams
Alternating Judge: Carson Kressley
Main Challenge: Perform in a lip-syncing dance number inspired by VH1 Divas.
Runway Theme: RuDemption Runway
Challenge Winners: BenDeLaCreme & Shangela
Main Challenge Prize: $1000 gift card from Sparkles Rhinestones and a $1000 gift card from Fierce Queen Heels
Lip Sync for Your Legacy Winner: Shangela
Lip Sync Song: "Jump (For My Love)" by The Pointer Sisters
Bottom Two: Kennedy Davenport & Thorgy Thor
Eliminated: Thorgy Thor
Farewell Message: "Wooo! Drag is fun. Suck it ShangeLLA!" [Drawing of an ejaculating penis]
18
3 "The B*tchelor" February 8, 2018 (2018-02-08)
The eight remaining queens are each assigned a personality by RuPaul for The Bitchelor, a satire based on the show The Bachelor. Aja plays the Needy Girl, BeBe Zahara Benet the Shy Virgin, BenDeLaCreme the Cougar, Chi Chi DeVayne and Shangela a polyamorous couple, Kennedy Davenport the Party Girl, Milk the Stalker, and Trixie Mattel the Fake Bitch.[13] Jeffrey Bowyer-Chapman participates as the main love interest of the show. The main-stage runway theme is "Wigs on Wigs on Wigs".[13] Upon judgement, Benet and Shangela are both deemed safe. BenDeLaCreme, Davenport and Mattel are praised for their performances and looks, with the former two contestants winning the challenge. Aja, Chi Chi DeVayne, and Milk are placed in the bottom three. Davenport and BenDeLaCreme lip-sync against each other to Lorde's "Green Light." Davenport wins the lip sync and eliminates Milk.[13]
Guest Judges: Constance Zimmer & Jeffrey Bowyer-Chapman
Alternating Judge: Ross Mathews
Main Challenge: Improvise in an unscripted dating show inspired by The Bachelor.
Runway Theme: Wigs on Wigs on Wigs
Challenge Winners: BenDeLaCreme & Kennedy Davenport
Main Challenge Prize: A jewelry pack from Fierce Drag Jewels and a $1000 gift card to Nailed by Cristy
Lip Sync for Your Legacy Winner: Kennedy Davenport
Lip Sync Song: "Green Light" by Lorde
Bottom Three: Aja, Chi Chi DeVayne, & Milk
Eliminated: Milk
Farewell Message: "Love u girls but ya'll know this is bogus! Stay amazing ❤ Milk"
19
4 "All Stars Snatch Game" February 15, 2018 (2018-02-15)
The seven remaining queens prepare for the Snatch Game, where each contestant picks a celebrity to impersonate. Aja appears as Crystal LaBeija, BeBe Zahara Benet as Grace Jones, BenDeLaCreme as Paul Lynde, Chi Chi DeVayne as Maya Angelou, Kennedy Davenport as Phaedra Parks, Shangela as Jenifer Lewis and Trixie Mattel as RuPaul.[14] Guest judge Kristin Chenoweth partakes in the challenge, playing herself.[14] The runway theme on the main stage is "Flower Power."[14] Upon judgement, BenDeLaCreme and Shangela are deemed the winners of the challenge. Aja and Benet receive positive remarks for their runway looks, though reviews are divided on Benet's Snatch Game performance. Both are ultimately declared safe. DeVayne, Davenport and Mattel are placed in the bottom three. Shangela and BenDeLaCreme lip-sync against each other to Katy Perry's "I Kissed a Girl." The lip sync is declared a tie, and both contestants eliminate DeVayne.[14]
Guest Judges: Kristin Chenoweth & Nicole Byer
Alternating Judge: Carson Kressley
Main Challenge: Impersonate celebrities in the Snatch Game.
Runway Theme: Flower Power
Challenge Winners: BenDeLaCreme & Shangela
Main Challenge Prize: A wig wardrobe courtesy of Rockstar Wigs and a $1000 gift card from Coolhaus Ice Cream
Lip Sync for Your Legacy Winner: BenDeLaCreme & Shangela
Lip Sync Song: "I Kissed a Girl" by Katy Perry
Bottom Three: Chi Chi DeVayne, Kennedy Davenport, & Trixie Mattel
Eliminated: Chi Chi DeVayne
Farewell Message: "LOVE All of you gals, Remember to Keep it fair. Chi Chi 💋"
20
5 "Pop Art Ball[20]" February 22, 2018 (2018-02-22)[21]
The six remaining queens participate in a mini-challenge where they dress up in "Quick Drag" and model in an Andy Warhol-inspired photoshoot. Aja wins the challenge, receiving a year's supply of burgers from Hamburger Mary's and a cash tip of $2,000. For the main challenge, each contestant is asked to prepare two runway looks for the Pop Art Ball: one inspired by Warhol's Campbell's Soup Cans and a second inspired by Studio 54. Additionally, each contestant has to record a voice-over narrative to be played during her runway presentation. During the judges' critiques, Aja and Shangela are criticized for both of their runway looks, and they fall into the bottom two. BeBe Zahara Benet and Trixie Mattel are both commended for their runway looks, winning the challenge. BenDeLaCreme and Kennedy Davenport attract mixed commentary but are ultimately declared safe. Benet and Mattel lip-sync against each other to Diana Ross's "The Boss". Benet wins the lip sync and eliminates Aja.[15] At the end of the episode, RuPaul brings previous winners Chad Michaels and Alaska back onto the main stage, and they reveal three queens in cloaks that will be returning for the next episode.[15]
Guest Judges: Tituss Burgess & Shay Mitchell
Alternating Judge: Ross Mathews
Mini-challenge: Pose for a pop art-style portrait
Mini-challenge Winner: Aja
Mini-challenge Prize: A year's supply of hamburgers from Hamburger Mary's and $2,000
Main Challenge: Design wearable soup cans inspired by Andy Warhol as well as a Studio 54 disco look.
Challenge Winners: BeBe Zahara Benet & Trixie Mattel
Main Challenge Prize: Two-night escape for 2 at the W Hotel in Fort Lauderdale
Lip Sync for Your Legacy Winner: BeBe Zahara Benet
Lip Sync Song: The Boss by Diana Ross
Bottom Two: Aja & Shangela
Eliminated: Aja
Farewell Message: "I love u bitches❤ Honestly, thank you from the bottom of my heart! Y'all inspire me! -Aja"
21
6 "Handmaids to Kitty Girls[25]" March 1, 2018 (2018-03-01)[21]
RuPaul reintroduces all the eliminated queens to the competition. Everyone is tasked with writing and performing original lyrics to audition for RuPaul's new all-star supergroup, The Kitty Girls. The queens are split equally into two teams: the eliminated queens on one team, and the remaining queens on the other.[16] Each member creates a character to perform: Benet appears as Jungle Kitty, BenDeLaCreme as Goth Kitty, Davenport as Diva Kitty, Shangela as Sparkle Kitty, and Mattel as IQ Kitty. On the opposite team, Aja appears as Lil' Banjee, DeVayne as Cajun Kitty, Milk as Milky Kitty, McMichaels as Bimbo Kitty, and Thor as Cardio Kitty.[16]
During the judges' critiques, Benet and BenDeLaCreme are praised for their performances, and they are deemed the top two contestants. Davenport, Shangela and Mattel are placed in the bottom three. Benet and BenDeLaCreme are instructed to eliminate one of the bottom queens and to select an eliminated contestant to return to the competition.[16] Benet and BenDeLaCreme lip-sync against each other to Deborah Cox's "Nobody's Supposed To Be Here," and the latter wins.[16] BenDeLaCreme chooses McMichaels to return to the competition and subsequently eliminates herself, making her the second queen to leave the competition voluntarily.[16] Upon the episode's premiere, critics deemed her move one of the most controversial and "unthinkable" moments on the show.[22][23][24]
Guest Judges: Adam Lambert & Emma Bunton
Alternating Judge: Carson Kressley
Main Challenge: Audition for RuPaul's new all star super group called "The Kitty Girls."
Challenge Winners: BeBe Zahara Benet & BenDeLaCreme
Main Challenge Prize: $1,000 gift card to The Spa on Rodeo and a $1,000 gift card to MuLondon
Lip Sync for Your Legacy Winner: BenDeLaCreme
Lip Sync Song: "Nobody's Supposed to Be Here (Hex Hector Dance Mix)" by Deborah Cox
Bottom Three: Kennedy Davenport, Shangela, & Trixie Mattel
Returned: Morgan McMichaels
Eliminated: BenDeLaCreme
Farewell Message: "Dear new top 5, thank you so much for this incredible journey. Stay fierce. You all deserve a crown. Your friendship and respect is the best win I can imagine. XO BDLC"
22
7 "My Best Squirrelfriend's Dragsmaids Wedding Trip[26]" March 8, 2018 (2018-03-08)[26]
The five remaining queens are asked to act in a trailer for a movie titled My Best Squirrelfriend's Dragsmaids Wedding Trip, comedically portraying Academy Award-winning female characters. Morgan McMichaels is tasked with handing out roles to each contestant: Bebe Zahara Benet plays The Queen (The Queen), Kennedy Davenport plays La La (La La Land), McMichaels plays Beige Swan (Black Swan), Shangela plays Actavia (The Help/Hidden Figures), and Trixie Mattel plays Sharon Frokovich (Erin Brockovich). The runway theme for the episode is "Red for Filth."[17] During critiques, Shangela's and Mattel's performances and looks are praised, and they are chosen as the top two contestants. Although Benet, Davenport and McMichaels receive compliments for their runway looks, all three are placed in the bottom three. Shangela and Mattel lip-sync against each other to RuPaul's "Freaky Money." Shangela wins the lip sync and chooses to eliminate McMichaels.[17]
Guest Judges: Chris Colfer & Garcelle Beauvais
Alternating Judge: Ross Mathews
Main Challenge: Star in a raunchy girl comedy blockbuster.
Runway Theme: "Red for Filth"
Challenge Winners: Shangela & Trixie Mattel
Main Challenge Prize: $1,000 gift card to Elea's Closet and a luggage set from Radden Luggage
Lip Sync for Your Legacy Winner: Shangela
Lip Sync Song: "Freaky Money" by RuPaul ft. Big Freedia
Bottom Three: BeBe Zahara Benet, Kennedy Davenport & Morgan McMichaels
Eliminated: Morgan McMichaels
Farewell Message: "Let no one dim your light. I love you all totally! SISTERS FOREVER! 💋"
23
8 "A Jury of Their Queers[26]" March 15, 2018 (2018-03-15)[26]
The final four queens were asked to write, sing and dance in an ambitious production number to RuPaul's song "Kitty Girl."[18] Choreographer Todrick Hall accompanied the girls choreography, but also revealed that the entire music video would be shot in one-take throughout the backstage of RuPaul's Drag Race, including the runway The music video opens with Kennedy Davenport, and follows with Shangela, Bebe Zahara Benet and Trixie Mattel; the judges, and eliminated contestants, all appeared as cameo to the video.[18] During the critiques, all four queens were given positive comments about their performances and runway looks. RuPaul reveals that each eliminated queen gets to vote two contestants to enter the top two spots, whereas each remaining contestant got the chance to plead why they deserved to be in the top positions. Subsequently, the four remaining queens were asked to change costumes for the lip-sync to Miley Cyrus's "Wrecking Ball". After deliberation, eliminated contestant Morgan McMichaels announces Davenport and Mattel as the top two All-Stars, effectively eliminating both Benet and Shangela. After the lip-sync, RuPaul announces Mattel as the season three winner, and earns a spot in the Drag Race Hall of Fame.[18]
Main Challenge: Write, sing, and dance in an ambitious production number to RuPaul's song "Kitty Girl."
Eliminated: BeBe Zahara Benet & Shangela
Final Two: Kennedy Davenport & Trixie Mattel
Lip Sync Song: "Wrecking Ball" by Miley Cyrus
Runner-up: Kennedy Davenport
Winner of RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars Season Three: Trixie Mattel
Leak
On February 15, 2018, the series production company World of Wonder filed a lawsuit against an anonymous leaker using the alias RealityTVLeaks.[27] According to the lawsuit, RealityTVLeaks posted several visuals from the season on various social media websites such as Reddit, Twitter, and Instagram before each episode's airing—including runway themes, challenges, episode titles, and eliminated queens.[27] Additionally, a producer from the show stated that the leaker removed "information identifying [World of Wonder] as the copyright owner and author" before adding "misleading copyright management information falsely identifying [the defendants] as the copyright owners and authors."[27] World of Wonder launched the suit because of the defendant's "unlawful theft and public dissemination of episodes of the popular and critically-acclaimed reality television show," and the production company confirmed it is seeking damages of $300,000, including $150,000 for each infringed episode and $25,000 per violation of "actual damages" and defendants' profits.[27]
Ratings
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
1 "All-Star Variety Show" January 25, 2018 0.46[28] 0.895[28]
2 "Divas Lip Sync Live" February 1, 2018 0.40[29] 0.777[29]
3 "The B*tchelor" February 8, 2018 0.39[30] 0.738[30]
4 "All Stars Snatch Game" February 15, 2018 0.34[31] 0.713[31]
5 "Pop Art Ball" February 22, 2018 0.38[32] 0.732[32]
6 "Handmaids to Kitty Girls" March 1, 2018 0.49[33] 0.883[33]
7 "My Best Squirrelfriend's Dragsmaids Wedding Trip" March 8, 2018 0.31[34] 0.658[34]
8 "A Jury of Their Queers" March 15, 2018 0.27[35] 0.589[35]
Reception
Although a ratings success, the season was not critically well received, following the high bar set by All Stars 2. Vulture, in writing a summation review, described the season as "truly one of the roughest seasons of the show ever. After a stellar, jaw-unhingingly good All Stars 2, this season felt more like an embarrassing cousin you brought to gay happy hour who wears double polos".[36] The A.V. Club similarly described the season as disappointing; in their final review of the season, they wrote, "I should be celebrating the crowning of a new queen in the Drag Race hall of fame, but Drag Race All Stars season three has left me feeling totally underwhelmed and wondering, What’s the point?"[37]
Vulture did however make the point that although the season did not live up to expectations, "even at its worst, it’s still one of one the best, if not the best goddamn reality competition show on television".[38]
References
Jump up ^ "RuPaul to Reveal 'All Stars' Season 3 Cast on Upcoming VH1 Special: 'Prepare to Be Gagged'". Billboard. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ "'RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars' season 3 cast to be revealed during TV special". Entertainment Weekly. October 13, 2017. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Fernandez, Matt (October 14, 2017). "TV News Roundup: 'RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars' to Launch Season 3 with Hour Special". Variety. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ "'RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars' season 3 queens announced: See an exclusive cast photo". Entertainment Weekly. 2017-10-21. Retrieved 2017-10-21.
Jump up ^ Avery, Dan. "Shangela, Latrice Royale, Kasha Davis Raise The Roof To Save Kennedy Davenport's Home". LOGO News. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Patricio, Edana (March 9, 2017). "'RuPaul's Drag Race' season 9 episode 1: Lady Gaga, the Queens and spoilers". International Business Times. Archived from the original on April 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Weigle, Lauren (March 7, 2016). "RuPaul's Drag Race' Season 8 Cast". Heavy.com. Archived from the original on March 23, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Avery, Dan (January 19, 2017). "Milk Out Of Drag—And Out Of His Clothes". Logo. Archived from the original on May 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "All Stars: The Changing Face of Drag official website". Archived from the original on August 31, 2016. Retrieved April 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Hegedus, Eric (March 7, 2016). "RuPaul still reigns supreme as 'Drag Race' hits 100 episodes". New York Post. Archived from the original on March 18, 2016. Retrieved April 13, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "All-Star Variety Show". RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars. Season 3. Episode 1. January 25, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Divas Lip-Sync Live". RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars. Season 3. Episode 2. February 1, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "The B*itchelor". RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars. Season 3. Episode 3. February 8, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "All Stars Snatch Game". RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars. Season 3. Episode 4. February 15, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c "All Stars Snatch Game". RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars. Season 3. Episode 5. February 22, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Handmaid to Kitty Girls". RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars. Season 3. Episode 6. March 1, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c "My Best Squirrelfriend's Dragsmaids Wedding Trip". RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars. Season 3. Episode 7. March 8, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "A Jury of their Queers". RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars. Season 3. Episode 8. March 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ O'Keefe, Kevin (January 18, 2018). "'RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars 3' Reveals Guest Judges, Releases New Sneak Peek". IntoMore. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ "TV Schedule for RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars". www.vh1.com. Retrieved 16 February 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Futon Clinic". The Futon Critic. January 12, 2018. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ Sava, Oliver (March 2, 2018). "Everything changes for Drag Race All Stars with a shocking elimination". The A.V. Club. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ Munzenrieder, Kyle (March 2, 2018). "The Night Bendelacreme Became a Goddess". W Magazine. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ Mulkerin, Tim (March 2, 2018). "undamental Reading: On 'RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars 3' episode 6, the girls got their revenge". Mic.com. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ru Paul Copyright". www.scribd.com. February 15, 2018. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "All Stars Season 3 Episode Guide". www.tvguide.com. March 6, 2018. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Moore, Matt (February 17, 2018). "RuPaul's Drag Race producers are suing an anonymous leaker for $300,000". Gay Times. Retrieved February 19, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch. "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 1.25.2018". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch. "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 2.1.2018". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch. "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 2.8.2018". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch. "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 2.15.2018". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch. "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 2.22.2018". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch. "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 3.1.2018". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch. "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 3.8.2018". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved March 9, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch. "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 3.15.2018". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved March 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ http://www.vulture.com/2018/03/rupauls-drag-race-where-did-it-go-wrong-this-season.html
Jump up ^ https://www.avclub.com/a-mediocre-season-of-rupaul-s-drag-race-all-stars-ends-1823821936
Jump up ^ http://www.vulture.com/2018/03/rupauls-drag-race-where-did-it-go-wrong-this-season.html
External Links
Official website
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RuPaul's Drag Race
Seasons
Original
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
All Stars
1
2
3
Contestants
Winners
Original
BeBe Zahara Benet
Tyra Sanchez
Raja
Sharon Needles
Jinkx Monsoon
Bianca Del Rio
Violet Chachki
Bob the Drag Queen
Sasha Velour
All Stars
Chad Michaels
Alaska
Trixie Mattel
Other contestants
Adore Delano
Aja
Alexis Mateo
Alyssa Edwards
Asia O'Hara
BenDeLaCreme
Blair St. Clair
Carmen Carrera
Charlie Hides
Chi Chi DeVayne
Coco Montrese
Courtney Act
Cynthia Lee Fontaine
Delta Work
Detox
Eureka
Farrah Moan
Honey Mahogany
Ivy Winters
Jasmine Masters
Jessica Wild
Jiggly Caliente
Jujubee
Katya
Kelly Mantle
Kennedy Davenport
Kim Chi
Laganja Estranja
Latrice Royale
Manila Luzon
Milk
Mimi Imfurst
Miss Fame
Monica Beverly Hillz
Morgan McMichaels
Nina Flowers
Ongina
Pandora Boxx
Pearl
Peppermint
Phi Phi O'Hara
Raven
Roxxxy Andrews
Sahara Davenport
Shangela
Shea Couleé
Tammie Brown
Thorgy Thor
Vanessa Vanjie Mateo
Venus D-Lite
Victoria "Porkchop" Parker
Willam
Yara Sofia
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_All_Stars_(season_3)&oldid=842984096"
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This page was last edited on 26 May 2018, at 01:38.
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values: America's Next Drag Queen All Stars (terza edizione) – Italian

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