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Night at the Museum
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Night at the Museum
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Shawn Levy
Produced by
Shawn Levy
Chris Columbus
Michael Barnathan
Screenplay by
Thomas Lennon
Robert Ben Garant
Based on
The Night at the Museum
by Milan Trenc
Starring
Ben Stiller
Carla Gugino
Dick Van Dyke
Robin Williams
Steve Coogan
Crystal the Monkey
Jake Cherry
Ricky Gervais
Mickey Rooney
Bill Cobbs
Rami Malek
Pierfrancesco Favino
Brad Garrett
Music by
Alan Silvestri
Cinematography
Guillermo Navarro
Edited by
Don Zimmerman
Production
company
1492 Pictures
21 Laps Entertainment
Ingenious Film Partners
Dune Entertainment
Distributed by
20th Century Fox
Release date
December 17, 2006 (2006-12-17) (New York City)
December 22, 2006 (2006-12-22) (United States)
Running time
108 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$110 million
Box office
$574.5 million[1]
Night at the Museum is a 2006 American fantasy-comedy film directed by Shawn Levy and written by Robert Ben Garant and Thomas Lennon, based on the 1993 children's book of the same name by Croatian illustrator Milan Trenc. The film stars Ben Stiller as Larry Daley, a divorced father who applies for a job as a night watchman at New York City's American Museum of Natural History and subsequently discovers that the exhibits, animated by a magical Egyptian artifact, come to life at night.
It was released on December 22, 2006 by 20th Century Fox. The first installment in the Night at the Museum trilogy, the film was a box office success despite receiving mixed reviews from critics, grossing over $574 million.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
2.1 Humans
2.2 Exhibits
3 Production
4 Music
4.1 Songs
4.2 Score
4.2.1 Track list
5 Release
5.1 Box office
5.2 Critical reaction
5.3 Home media
6 Awards
7 Sequels
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
Larry Daley is a divorced man from Brooklyn, hoping to find a good job to impress his ten-year-old son Nick, but his ex-wife Erica believes he is a bad example for their son. Larry is hired at the American Museum of Natural History to replace the retiring security guards Cecil Fredericks, Gus, and Reginald. Larry meets the museum's neurotic curator Dr. McPhee, and very attractive museum docent Rebecca Hutman, who plans to write a dissertation on Sacagawea. On his first night, Cecil hands Larry an instruction manual on what to do in the museum, warning him not to let anything "in or out."
Larry soon discovers that at night, the museum's exhibits come to life and cause havoc for him. Amongst the lively exhibits are a playful Tyrannosaurus skeleton named Rexy; a mischievous capuchin monkey named Dexter who destroys the instructions; the warring miniature factions of cowboys and legionnaires led by Jedediah and General Octavius; violent Attila the Hun and his army; a talking Easter Island Head that desires gum who calls Larry "dum dum"; the fire-seeking neanderthals; and a wax model of Theodore Roosevelt, who is in love with Sacagawea.
Roosevelt explains to Larry that the exhibits have come to life every night since the arrival of an Egyptian artifact, the Tablet of Akhmenrah, the mummified pharaoh trapped in his sarcophagus. He also explains to Larry that as night guard, it is his job to make sure that no exhibit sets foot out of the museum, otherwise they will disintegrate into dust if the sun rises while they are outside. The next day, Cecil advises Larry to research history to make up for the instructions' destruction. He studies in libraries and from Rebecca. Larry puts his new knowledge to good use on his second night, but some of his plans backfire and the neanderthals set their exhibit on fire, leading to one becoming dust after venturing outside. After having doubts and almost getting fired the next day, Larry offers to introduce Sacagawea to Rebecca, but she thinks he is mocking her.
On his third night, Larry brings Nick to the museum to watch the exhibits come to life, but they strangely do not. They catch Cecil, Gus, and Reginald stealing artifacts, who explain the tablet's magic has allowed them to feel physically young in their old age, and plot to frame Larry for the theft while they enjoy a happy retirement. Nick activates the tablet, but Cecil steals it, locking Larry and Nick in the Egyptian exhibit. They free Akhmenrah, and rally the exhibits to stop the thieves and retrieve their colleagues who fled out into Central Park. Gus and Reginald are captured, but Cecil escapes by stagecoach.
Larry and several exhibits give chase, where they stop Cecil and recover the tablet, using its magic to escort all of the exhibits back into the museum before sunrise. Rebecca witnesses this and makes amends with Larry and is subsequently introduced to Sacagawea. The next day, McPhee fires Larry after watching news reports of sightings of the exhibits last night, but once they start to leave the museum, they find out that the reports have caused an increased number of visitors, and Larry is immediately rehired. Near the end of the film, Larry, Nick, and the exhibits throw a party in the museum. During the credits, it is shown that Cecil, Gus, and Reginald have been forced to serve as museum janitors for their crimes.
Cast[edit]
Humans[edit]
Ben Stiller as Larry Daley, a night-shift security guard at the American Museum of Natural History in New York.
Dick Van Dyke as Cecil Fredericks, a veteran security guard
Carla Gugino as Rebecca Hutman, a museum docent
Mickey Rooney as Gus, a veteran security guard
Bill Cobbs as Reginald, a veteran security guard
Jake Cherry as Nick Daley, Larry's son
Ricky Gervais as Dr. McPhee, the curator of the Museum of Natural History and Larry's boss
Kim Raver as Erica Daley, Larry's former wife
Charlie Murphy as the taxi-driver
Paul Rudd as Don, Erica's fiancé
Anne Meara as Debbie
Exhibits[edit]
Robin Williams as a wax model of Theodore Roosevelt
Patrick Gallagher as a wax model of Attila the Hun
Rami Malek as the mummy of Pharaoh Ahkmenrah
Pierfrancesco Favino as a bronze statue of Christopher Columbus
Owen Wilson (uncredited) as Jedediah, a miniature cowboy figure
Steve Coogan as Octavius, a miniature Roman general figure
Mizuo Peck as a polyurethane model of Sacagawea
Kerry van der Griend, Dan Rizzuto, Matthew Harrison, and Jody Racicot as wax models of neanderthals
Martin Christopher as a wax model of Meriwether Lewis
Martin Sims as a wax model of William Clark
Randy Lee, Darryl Quon, Gerald Wong, and Paul Chih-Ping Cheng as wax models of the Huns
Brad Garrett as the voice of the Easter Island Head
Crystal the Monkey as Dexter, a stuffed capuchin monkey
Production[edit]
The building featured in the film, which was constructed on a sound stage in Burnaby, British Columbia, is based on the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, external shots of which were used in the movie.[2]
Trainers spent several weeks training Crystal, who plays the troublemaking monkey Dexter, to slap and bite Stiller in the film.
Robin Williams' Theodore Roosevelt costume closely resembles that of John Wayne's character in The Shootist.[3]
Director Shawn Levy credited Ben Stiller for the ensemble cast: "When actors hear that Ben Stiller is in a movie they want to work with him. It['s] a high-water mark and it absolutely draws actors in and I'm convinced that's a big part of why we got this cast."[4]
Music[edit]
Songs[edit]
Ben Stiller claimed that he watched Tom Cruise in the Mission: Impossible films to learn how to imitate his running technique, shown here as Stiller portraying his film character running for dear life from the Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton (Rexy).[4]
"Friday Night" - performed by McFly; not featured in American version of the film, but heard in some international cuts, used during the end credits. It can be heard on the American DVD on the Spanish dub.
"September" - performed by Earth, Wind and Fire; used before the end credits where everyone in the museum is partying.
"Weapon of Choice" - performed by Fatboy Slim; used in the scene where Larry returns to the museum for his second night and is preparing for the chaos.
"Tonight" - performed by Keke Palmer and Cham; used for the end credits.
"Eye of the Tiger" - performed by Ben Stiller; used in the scene where Larry is bored and messes around with the telephone at the front desk beatboxing the music.
An instrumental version of "Mandy" by Barry Manilow is used when Larry is standing in the elevator, while escaping from Attila the Hun.
"Ezekiel Saw Them Dry Bones" is the tune Larry whistles as he passes the empty T. rex exhibit on his first night.
"Camptown Races" by Stephen Foster is sung by the townspeople of the American West miniature diorama. This is a period-correct song.
Score[edit]
Alan Silvestri replaced John Ottman as score composer.[5] Silvestri's score was used for the teaser trailer of Horton Hears a Who!
Night at the Museum (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
Film score by Alan Silvestri
Released
December 19, 2006 (2006-12-19)
Recorded
2006
Genre
Film score
Length
53:19
Label
Varèse Sarabande
Track list[edit]
Varèse Sarabande released a soundtrack album of the score on December 19, 2006.[6]
All tracks written by Alan Silvestri.
Night at the Museum (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
No.
Title
Length
1. "Night at the Museum" 02:35
2. "One of Those Days" 00:49
3. "An Ordinary Guy?" 01:27
4. "Tour of the Museum" 02:35
5. "Civil War Soldiers" 04:08
6. "Out of Africa" 01:07
7. "Meet Dexter" 01:27
8. "Mayan Warriors" 00:57
9. "Where's Rexy?" 00:48
10. "West from Africa" 01:49
11. "The Iron Horse" 01:06
12. "Saved by Teddy" 01:57
13. "Tablet of Akmenrah" 00:37
14. "Tracking, Dear Boy" 01:08
15. "Some Men Are Born Great" 00:50
16. "Sunrise" 00:42
17. "Study Up on History" 02:15
18. "Teddy Likes Sacagawea" 01:53
19. "Tearing Limbs" 01:45
20. "Caveman on Fire" 00:43
21. "Outrun the Sun" 00:58
22. "Show You What I Do" 02:55
23. "Tablet's Gone" 02:45
24. "Theodore Roosevelt at Your Service" 01:11
25. "This Is Your Moment" 02:10
26. "Rally the Troops" 01:07
27. "Tree Take Down" 01:21
28. "Cecil's Escape" 01:26
29. "Stage Coach" 02:28
30. "Teddy in Two" 01:18
31. "Cab Ride" 00:50
32. "Big Fan" 01:03
33. "Heroes Return" 00:54
34. "A Great Man" 00:57
35. "Full House" 01:21
Total length: 53:19
Release[edit]
Night at the Museum had its premiere in New York City on December 17 2006, on December 22, 2006 in the United States, December 26, 2006 in UK, January 12, 2007 in Brazil, on February 14, 2007 in China and on March 17, 2007 in Japan.[7]
The film was released under the title of "Noche en el museo" in Spain, "Una note al museo" in Italy, "La nuit au musée" in France, "Ночь в музее" in Russia and "Uma Noite no Museu" in Brazil.[7]
Box office[edit]
At the end of its box office run, Night at the Museum earned a gross of $250.9 million in the US and Canada and $323.6 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $574.5 million against a budget of $110 million.[1] It is the fifth highest-grossing film of 2006 and also the highest-grossing film worldwide of the trilogy.[8]
It was the highest-grossing film in its opening weekend, grossing $30.8 million plating in 3,686 theaters, with a $8,258 per-theater average. For the four-day Christmas holiday weekend, it took in $42.2 million.[1] The movie was also released in IMAX large screen format, often on site at museums of science or natural history such as the Pacific Science Center in Seattle.
In its second weekend, Night at the Museum expanded into 83 more theaters and took in approximately $36.7 million, out-grossing its opening weekend. It maintained the top position in its third week, with an additional $23.7 million.[9]
During its opening weekend of December 15, 2006, the film grossed a figure of estimated $5 million, with the highest debut coming from South Korea ($5.04 million).[10] The biggest market in the other territories were the UK, Japan, South Korea, and Germany, where it grossed $40.8 million, $30 million, $25.7 million, $22.9 million.[11]
Critical reaction[edit]
Night at the Museum received mixed reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 43%, based on 132 reviews, with an average rating of 5.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Parents might call this either a spectacle-filled adventure or a shallow and vapid CG-fest, depending on whether they choose to embrace this on the same level as their kids".[12] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 48 out of 100, based on 28 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[13]
James Berardinelli of Reelviews gave it 2 stars out of 4, and commented on Stiller's performance by stating "It might be fair to give Ben Stiller an 'A' for effort, but to call what he does in this movie "acting" is a misnomer. He does a lot of running around, occasionally falling down or bumping into things."[14] One positive review by William Arnold of the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, gave it a B-, and stated that the film was "Out to impress and delight a family audience with the pageantry of human and natural history, and that's a surprisingly worthy ambition for a Hollywood comedy."[15] In a case of life imitating art, museum officials at the American Museum of Natural History have credited the film for increasing the number of visitors during the holiday season by almost 20%. According to a museum official, between December 22, 2006, and January 2, 2007, there were 50,000 more visitors than during the same period the prior year.[16] CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend, cinema audiences gave the film an average grade of "A-" on an A+ to F scale.[17]
Home media[edit]
The film was released on a 2-Disc DVD edition in the United Kingdom on April 2, 2007. It was released on 1-Disc and 2-Disc DVD editions and Blu-ray Disc format on April 24, 2007 elsewhere.
The film became the first non-Disney film to be reviewed by Ultimate Disney (now known as DVDizzy.com), due to the website dealing with other studios besides Disney.[18][19]
As of 6 December 2009[update], the film has sold 9,191,694 DVDs and grossed $153,566,058 in DVD sales.[20]
Awards[edit]
Award
Category
Nominee
Result
Ref.
Saturn Awards Best Fantasy Film N/A Nominated
ASCAP Award Top Box Office Films Alan Silvestri Won
Artios Best Feature Film Casting - Comedy Ilene Starger
Coreen Mayrs (Vancouver casting)
Heike Brandstatter (Vancouver casting) Won
Kids' Choice Awards Favorite Movie N/A Nominated [21]
MTV Movie Award Best Comedic Performance Ben Stiller Nominated
National Movie Award Best Comedy N/A Nominated
Teen Choice Award Choice Movie: Comedy and Choice Movie Actor: Comedy Ben Stiller Nominated
Taurus Award Hardest Hit Greg Fitzpatrick Nominated [22]
Young Artist Award Best Performance in a Feature Film - Young Actor Age Ten or Younger Jake Cherry Nominated [23]
Sequels[edit]
Main articles: Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian and Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb
The first installment in the trilogy, Night at the Museum was followed by a sequel titled Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian,[24] which was released on May 22, 2009 in North America. The third and final installment, Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb, was released on December 19, 2014 in North America.[25]
In 2016, The Hollywood Reporter stated that the Alibaba Pictures Group intended to remake the film.[26]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "Night at the Museum (2006)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
Jump up ^ "MovieLocationsGuide.com". Night at the Museum Filming Locations. Retrieved January 8, 2007.
Jump up ^ Classic Movies. "John Wayne: one last shot before the final farewell". Telegraph. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Sun2Surf.com". Stiller shifts to the Museum. Retrieved January 8, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Night at the Museum Soundtrack". amazon.com. Retrieved February 12, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Night at the Museum [Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]". allmusic.com. Retrieved February 12, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Night at the Museum Release". imdb.com. Retrieved February 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Night at the Museum Showdown". boxofficemojo.com. IMDB. Retrieved February 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Night at the Museum domestic weekend". boxofficemojo.com. IMDB. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Night at the Museum Foreign Weekly". boxofficemojo.com. IMDB. Retrieved February 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ "NIGHT AT THE MUSEUM foreign market". boxofficemojo.com. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Night at the Museum". rottentomatoes.com. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Night at the Museum". metacritic.com. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Reelviews.com". Night at the Museum. Retrieved January 7, 2007.
Jump up ^ Arnold, William (December 21, 2006). "SeattlePI.com". Shallow 'Museum' exhibits some appealing qualities. Retrieved January 7, 2007.
Jump up ^ "msnbc.com". Movie boosts Natural History Museum visits. Retrieved September 11, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Cinemascore". cinemascore.com/. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ "UltimateDisney.com". Non-Disney films to be reviewed by Ultimate Disney. Retrieved April 20, 2007.
Jump up ^ "UltimateDisney.com". "Night at the Museum" at UltimateDisney.com. Retrieved April 24, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Night ath the Museum". the-numbers.com. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ "2007 Host Nominee Release". Nickelodeon. February 7, 2007. Retrieved August 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Taurus World Stunt Awards - Hardest Hit". World Stunt Awards. Retrieved August 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ "28th Annual Young Artist Awards Nominations". Young Artist Association. Retrieved August 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian". imdb.com. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb". comingsoon.net. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ Rebecca Sun and Patrick Brzeski (April 25, 2016). "China's Alibaba Pictures to Remake 'Night at the Museum'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 27, 2016.
External links[edit]
Film portal
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Night at the Museum
Night at the Museum on IMDb
Night at the Museum at the TCM Movie Database
Night at the Museum at AllMovie
Night at the Museum at Box Office Mojo
Night at the Museum at Metacritic
Night at the Museum at Rotten Tomatoes
Night At The Museum Review on Variety.com
Independentfilm.com video interview with Mizuo Peck who played Sacagawea
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text:
The Day After Tomorrow
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see The Day After Tomorrow (disambiguation).
The Day After Tomorrow
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Roland Emmerich
Produced by
Roland Emmerich
Mark Gordon
Screenplay by
Roland Emmerich
Story by
Roland Emmerich
Jeffrey Nachmanoff
Based on
The Coming Global Superstorm
by Art Bell
Whitley Strieber
Starring
Dennis Quaid
Jake Gyllenhaal
Ian Holm
Emmy Rossum
Sela Ward
Music by
Harald Kloser
Cinematography
Ueli Steiger
Edited by
David Brenner
Production
company
Centropolis Entertainment
Lionsgate Films
Mark Gordon Company
Distributed by
20th Century Fox
Release date
May 17, 2004 (2004-05-17) (Mexico City)
May 28, 2004 (2004-05-28) (United States)
Running time
124 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$125 million[1]
Box office
$544.3 million[1]
The Day After Tomorrow is a 2004 American science-fiction disaster film co-written, directed, and produced by Roland Emmerich and starring Dennis Quaid, Jake Gyllenhaal, Ian Holm, Emmy Rossum, and Sela Ward. The film depicts catastrophic climatic effects following the disruption of the North Atlantic Ocean circulation in a series of extreme weather events that usher in global cooling and lead to a new ice age.[2] Filmed in Toronto and Montreal, it is the highest-grossing Hollywood film made in Canada (adjusted for inflation).
Originally slated for release in the summer of 2003, The Day After Tomorrow premiered in Mexico City on May 17, 2004, and was released in the United States May 28, 2004. A major commercial success, the film became the sixth highest-grossing film of 2004. It received mixed reviews upon release, with critics highly praising the film's special effects but criticizing its writing and numerous scientific inaccuracies.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Visual effects
4 Reception
4.1 Box office
4.2 Critical reaction
4.3 Awards and nominations
5 Political and scientific criticism
6 Home media
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
Jack Hall, an American paleoclimatologist, and his colleagues Frank and Jason, drill for ice-core samples in the Larsen Ice Shelf for the NOAA, when the shelf breaks apart. Jack warns of global warming to a UN conference in New Delhi, but US Vice President Raymond Becker dismisses his concerns. Professor Terry Rapson of the Hedland Centre in Scotland shares Jack’s views of an inevitable climate shift and they become friends. Several buoys in the Atlantic Ocean show a severe ocean temperature drop, leading Rapson to conclude Jack’s theories are correct. Jack and Rapson’s teams, along with NASA meteorologist Janet Tokada, build a forecast model based on Jack’s research.
Eventually, a storm system develops in the northern hemisphere, splitting into three superstorms above Canada, Scotland, and Siberia. The gigantic "hurricanes" pull frozen air from the upper troposphere into their center, sending air temperature there below -150 degrees Fahrenheit. The subzero temperatures of the superstorms' eyes cause flash freezing. Meanwhile, the weather becomes increasingly bad around the world, Tokyo is struck by a giant hail storm and Los Angeles and Hollywood are devastated by a tornado outbreak.
In New York, Jack’s son Sam, and his friends Brian, J.D., and Laura Chapman participate in an academic decathlon. The city begins to fill with rain, with a huge storm surge after, getting Sam’s group stuck in the New York Public Library. Sam contacts Jack and his mother Lucy, a doctor, Jack advising him to stay inside, and promises to rescue him. Rapson and his team perish in the European storm, while Lucy remains in a hospital caring for bed-ridden children, until saved by the authorities.
Upon Jack’s suggestion, US President Blake orders the southern states to be evacuated into Mexico, the northern half doomed to be hit by the superstorm. Blake is caught in it and dies, making Becker the new President. Jack, Jason, and Frank make their way into New York, but Frank falls through the skylight of a mall, cutting his rope to prevent his friends from falling in after him. In the library, most survivors decide to head south against Sam’s warnings, and later freeze to death. Sam, his friends, and other likeminded survivors remain inside, burning books to stay warm.
Laura, wounded during the flooding, develops blood poisoning from her injury. Sam, Brian, and J.D. search a Ukrainian cargo vessel "Odessa", that drifted into the city, for penicillin. They encounter a pack of wolves which escaped from Central Park Zoo. The eye of the North American storm arrives, freezing Manhattan, but Sam’s group escape into the library just in time. Jack and Jason also survive it. Days later, the superstorms dissipate. Jack and Jason reach the library, discovering Sam and the others have survived.
Becker, in his first address as President, apologises on television for his ignorance, vowing to send helicopters to rescue survivors in the northern states. Jack and Sam’s group are picked up in Manhattan, where many people have survived. On the International Space Station, astronauts look down in awe at the frozen Earth, now free of pollution.
Cast[edit]
Dennis Quaid as Professor Jack Hall
Jake Gyllenhaal as Sam Hall
Sela Ward as Dr. Lucy Hall
Emmy Rossum as Laura Chapman
Ian Holm as Professor Terry Rapson
Austin Nichols as J.D.
Adrian Lester as Simon
Christopher Britton as Vorsteen
Arjay Smith as Brian Parks
Dash Mihok as Jason Evans
Jay O. Sanders as Frank Harris
Sasha Roiz as Parker
Perry King as President Blake
Kenneth Welsh as Vice President/President Raymond Becker
Tamlyn Tomita as Janet Tokada
Glenn Plummer as Luther
Amy Sloan as Elsa
Sheila McCarthy as Judith
Nestor Serrano as Tom Gomez
Christian Tessier as Aaron
Production[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The Day After Tomorrow was inspired by Coast to Coast AM talk-radio host Art Bell and Whitley Strieber's book, The Coming Global Superstorm,[3] and Strieber wrote the film's novelization. Arnold Federbush's 1978 novel, Ice!, and Douglas Orgill and John Gribbin's The Sixth Winter (published in 1979) have similar themes.[citation needed] Before and during the film's release, members of environmental and political advocacy groups distributed pamphlets to moviegoers describing the possible effects of global warming.[citation needed] Although the film depicts effects of global warming predicted by scientists (such as rising sea levels, more destructive storms, and disruption of ocean currents and weather patterns), it depicts their occurrence more rapidly and severely than what is considered scientifically plausible; the theory that a superstorm could create rapid worldwide climate change does not appear in the scientific literature.[citation needed]
To choose a studio, writer Michael Wimer created an auction. A copy of the script was sent to all major studios along with a term sheet. They had 24 hours to decide whether to produce the movie with Roland Emmerich directing. Fox Studios was the only studio to accept the terms.[4]
Visual effects[edit]
The Day After Tomorrow is widely-known for its special effects and CGI. The movie features 416 visual effects shots, with nine effects houses, notably Industrial Light & Magic and Digital Domain, and over 1,000 artists working on the film for over a year.[5] Although a miniature set was initially considered according to the behind-the-scenes documentary, for the destruction of New York sequence effects artists instead utilized a 13 block-sized 3D model of Manhattan which was then textured with over 50,000 scanned photographs;[6] due to its overall complexity and a tight schedule, the storm surge scene required as many as three special effects vendors for certain shots.[7]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
The film ranked #2 at the box office (behind Shrek 2) over its four-day Memorial Day opening, grossing $85,807,341. led the per-theater average, with a four-day average of $25,053 (compared to Shrek 2's four-day average of $22,633). At the end of its theatrical run, the film grossed $186,740,799 domestically and $544,272,402 worldwide. It was the second-highest opening-weekend film not to lead at the box office; Inside Out surpassed it in June 2015.[1]
Critical reaction[edit]
The Day After Tomorrow received mixed reviews from critics, who praised its visual effects and criticized its writing and scientific inaccuracy. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes rated the film at 44%, with an average rating of 5.3 out of 10. According to the website, it is "A ludicrous popcorn flick filled with clunky dialogues, but spectacular visuals save it from being a total disaster."[8] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times described the film as "profoundly silly" but nonetheless said the film was effective and praised the special effects. He gave it three stars out of four.[9]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Award
Subject
Nominee
Result
Saturn Awards Best Science Fiction Film Nominated
Best Special Effects Karen E. Goulekas, Neil Corbould, Greg Strause and Remo Balcells Nominated
BAFTA Awards Best Visual Effects Won
VES Awards Outstanding Visual Effects in an Effects Driven Motion Picture Karen Goulekas, Mike Chambers, Greg Strause, Remo Balcells Nominated
Best Single Visual Effect Karen Goulekas, Mike Chambers, Chris Horvath, Matthew Butler Won
MTV Movie Awards Best Action Sequence "The destruction of Los Angeles" Won
Best Breakthrough Performance Emmy Rossum Nominated
Irish Film & Television Awards Best International Actor Jake Gyllenhaal Nominated
Golden Trailer Awards Best Action Film Nominated
Environmental Media Awards Best Film Won
BMI Film Awards Best Music Harald Kloser Won
Golden Reel Awards Best Sound Editing - Effects & Foley Mark P. Stoeckinger, Larry Kemp, Glenn T. Morgan, Alan Rankin, Michael Kamper, Ann Scibelli, Randy Kelley, Harry Cohen, Bob Beher and Craig S. Jaeger Nominated
Political and scientific criticism[edit]
Emmerich did not deny that his casting of a weak president and the resemblance of vice-president Kenneth Welsh to Dick Cheney were intended to criticize the climate change policy of the George W. Bush administration.[10] Responding to claims of insensitivity in his inclusion of scenes of a devastated New York City less than three years after the September 11 attacks, Emmerich said that it was necessary to showcase the increased unity of people in the face of disaster because of the attacks.[11][12][13]
Some scientists criticized the film's scientific aspects. Paleoclimatologist and professor of earth and planetary science at Harvard University Daniel P. Schrag said, "On the one hand, I'm glad that there's a big-budget movie about something as critical as climate change. On the other, I'm concerned that people will see these over-the-top effects and think the whole thing is a joke ... We are indeed experimenting with the Earth in a way that hasn't been done for millions of years. But you're not going to see another ice age – at least not like that."[10] J. Marshall Shepherd, a research meteorologist at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, expressed a similar sentiment: "I'm heartened that there's a movie addressing real climate issues. But as for the science of the movie, I'd give it a D minus or an F. And I'd be concerned if the movie was made to advance a political agenda."[10] According to University of Victoria climatologist Andrew Weaver, "It's The Towering Inferno of climate science movies, but I'm not losing any sleep over a new ice age, because it's impossible."[10]
Patrick J. Michaels, a former research professor of environmental science at the University of Virginia who rejects the scientific consensus[14] on global warming, called the film "propaganda" in a USA Today editorial: "As a scientist, I bristle when lies dressed up as 'science' are used to influence political discourse."[15] College instructor and retired NASA Office of Inspector General senior special agent Joseph Gutheinz called The Day After Tomorrow "a cheap thrill ride, which many weak-minded people will jump on and stay on for the rest of their lives" in a Space Daily editorial.[16]
When paleoclimatologist William Hyde of Duke University was asked on Usenet if he would see the film, he answered that he would not unless someone offered him $100.[17] Subscribers to the newsgroup took up the challenge and, despite Hyde's protests, raised the $100.[18] Hyde's review on Google Groups criticized the film's depiction of weather which stopped at national borders; it was "to climate science as Frankenstein is to heart transplant surgery".[19]
Stefan Rahmstorf of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, an expert on thermohaline circulation and its effect on climate, said after a talk with scriptwriter Jeffrey Nachmanoff at the film's Berlin preview:
"Clearly this is a disaster movie and not a scientific documentary, [and] the film makers have taken a lot of artistic license. But the film presents an opportunity to explain that some of the basic background is right: humans are indeed increasingly changing the climate and this is quite a dangerous experiment, including some risk of abrupt and unforeseen changes ... Luckily it is extremely unlikely that we will see major ocean circulation changes in the next couple of decades (I’d be just as surprised as Jack Hall if they did occur); at least most scientists think this will only become a more serious risk towards the end of the century. And the consequences would certainly not be as dramatic as the 'superstorm' depicted in the movie. Nevertheless, a major change in ocean circulation is a risk with serious and partly unpredictable consequences, which we should avoid. And even without events like ocean circulation changes, climate change is serious enough to demand decisive action."[20]
Environmental activist and Guardian columnist George Monbiot called The Day After Tomorrow "a great movie and lousy science".[21]
In 2008, Yahoo! Movies listed The Day After Tomorrow as one of its top-10 scientifically inaccurate films.[22] It was criticized for depicting meteorological phenomena as occurring over the course of hours, instead of decades or centuries.[23] A 2015 Washington Post article reported on a paper published in Nature Scientific Reports which indicated that global temperatures could drop relatively rapidly due to a temporary shutdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation caused by global warming.[24]
Home media[edit]
The film was released on VHS and DVD October 12, 2004 and was released in high-definition video on Blu-ray in North America on October 2, 2007 and in the United Kingdom on April 28, 2008, in 1080p with a lossless DTS-HD Master Audio track and few bonus features. DVD sales were $110 million, bringing the film's gross to $652,771,772.[25]
See also[edit]
This "see also" section may contain an excessive number of suggestions. Please ensure that only the most relevant links are given, that they are not red links, and that any links are not already in this article. (November 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Film portal
The Coming Global Superstorm – a book on which the movie is based
Fifty Degrees Below – a Kim Stanley Robinson novel in which greenhouse warming similarly disrupts the Gulf Stream
Six Degrees: Our Future on a Hotter Planet – a non-fiction book
Time of the Great Freeze – a novel by Robert Silverberg about a second Ice Age
The World in Winter – a 1962 book by John Christopher about the beginning of a new ice age
Ice – a 1998 film with a similar premise starring Grant Show, Udo Kier, and Eva La Rue
List of films featuring space stations
"Two Days Before the Day After Tomorrow", an episode of South Park that parodies the film
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "The Day After Tomorrow (2004)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved April 16, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gillis, Justin (22 March 2016). "Scientists Warn of Perilous Climate Shift Within Decades, Not Centuries". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ Emmerich, Roland; Gordon, Mark. "Day After Tomorrow Q&A with Roland Emmerich and Mark Gordon". Phase9 Entertainment. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Russell, Jamie (19 April 2012). "Why the Halo Movie Failed to Launch". WIRED. Conde Nast. Retrieved 9 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "Story Notes for The Day After Tomorrow". AMC. July 2014. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Dirks, Tim. "Visual and Special Effects Film Milestones". AMC filmsite. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Restuccio, Daniel (1 June 2004). "THE DAY AFTER TOMORROW'S PHOTOREAL EFFECTS". Post Magazine. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "The Day After Tomorrow". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved April 16, 2011.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger. "The Day After Tomorrow Movie Review (2004)". Roger Ebert. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Bowles, Scott (May 26, 2004). "'The Day After Tomorrow' heats up a political debate Storm of opinion rains down on merits of disaster movie". USA Today. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ Gilchrist, Todd (May 2004). "The Day After Tomorrow: An Interview with Roland Emmerich". BlackFilm.com. Retrieved March 16, 2009.
Jump up ^ Robert Epstein, Daniel. "Roland Emmerich of The Day After Tomorrow (20th Century Fox) Interview". UGO.com. Archived from the original on June 13, 2004. Retrieved March 16, 2009.
Jump up ^ Chau, Thomas (May 27, 2004). "INTERVIEW: Director Roland Emmerich on "The Day After Tomorrow"". Cinema Confidential. Archived from the original on June 6, 2004. Retrieved March 16, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Scientific consensus: Earth's climate is warming". Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ Michaels, Patrick J. (25 May 2014). "'Day After Tomorrow': A lot of hot air". USA Today. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
Jump up ^ Richard Gutheniz Jr., Joseph (May 27, 2004). "There Will Be A Day After Tomorrow". Space Daily. Retrieved April 16, 2011.
Jump up ^ ""The Day After Tomorrow"". Google Groups. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
Jump up ^ "RASW Charity Marathon reaches Goal!". Retrieved August 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Google Groups". Retrieved August 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Rahmstorf, Stefan. "The Day After Tomorrow—Some comments on the movie". Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research. Archived from the original on October 11, 2004. Retrieved August 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Monbiot, George (14 May 2004). "A hard rain's a-gonna fall". The Guardian. Retrieved April 16, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Top 10: Scientifically Inaccurate Movies". Yahoo7 Movies. Wayback Machine. 28 July 2008. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Disaster Flick Exaggerates Speed Of Ice Age". Science Daily. May 13, 2004. Retrieved April 16, 2011.
Jump up ^ Wang, Yanan (October 12, 2015). "Model suggests possibility of a 'Little Ice Age'". Washington Post. Retrieved August 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ "DVD Sales Chart - 2004 Full Year". Lee's Movie Info. Retrieved April 16, 2011.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Day After Tomorrow
The Day After Tomorrow on IMDb
The Day After Tomorrow at AllMovie
The Day After Tomorrow at the TCM Movie Database
The Day After Tomorrow at the American Film Institute Catalog
The Day After Tomorrow at Box Office Mojo
The Day After Tomorrow at Rotten Tomatoes
The Day After Tomorrow at Metacritic
The Day After Tomorrow: A Scientific Critique
[hide]
v
t
e
Films directed by Roland Emmerich
The Noah's Ark Principle (1984)
Joey (1985)
Hollywood-Monster (1987)
Moon 44 (1990)
Universal Soldier (1992)
Stargate (1994)
Independence Day (1996)
Godzilla (1998)
The Patriot (2000)
The Day After Tomorrow (2004)
10,000 BC (2008)
2012 (2009)
Anonymous (2011)
White House Down (2013)
Stonewall (2015)
Independence Day: Resurgence (2016)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 316752121
GND: 4809780-9
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Sardar Sarovar Dam
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Sardar Sarovar Dam
The Sardar Sarovar Dam on Narmada River (Also called Gujarat's Lifeline )
Location of Sardar Sarovar Dam in India Gujarat
Country
India
Location
Navagam, Gujarat
Coordinates
21°49′49″N 73°44′50″E / 21.83028°N 73.74722°E / 21.83028; 73.74722Coordinates: 21°49′49″N 73°44′50″E / 21.83028°N 73.74722°E / 21.83028; 73.74722
Status
Operational
Construction began
April, 1987
Opening date
17 September, 2017
Owner(s)
Narmada Control Authority
Dam and spillways
Type of dam
gravity dam, concrete
Impounds
Narmada River
Height
138.68 meters
Height (foundation)
163 m (535 ft)
Length
1,210 m (3,970 ft)
Spillway capacity
84,949 m3/s (2,999,900 cu ft/s)
Reservoir
Total capacity
9.5 km3 (7,700,000 acre·ft)
Active capacity
5.8 km3 (4,700,000 acre·ft)
Catchment area
88,000 km2 (34,000 sq mi)
Surface area
375.33 km2 (144.92 sq mi)
Maximum length
214 km (133 mi)
Maximum width
1.77 km (1.10 mi)
Maximum water depth
140m
Normal elevation
138 m (453 ft)
Power Station
Operator(s)
Sardar Sarovar Narmada Nigam Limited[1]
Commission date
June 2006
Turbines
Dam: 6 x 200 MW Francis pump-turbine
Canal: 5 x 50 MW Kaplan-type[2]
Installed capacity
1,450 MW [1 Billion kWh every year]
Website
www.sardarsarovardam.org
The Sardar Sarovar Dam is a gravity dam on the Narmada river near Navagam, Gujarat in India. Four Indian states, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharastra and Rajasthan, receive water and electricity supplied from the dam. The foundation stone of the project was laid out by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru on April 5, 1961. The project took form in 1979 as part of a development scheme to increase irrigation and produce hydroelectricity. The dam was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on September 17, 2017.[3]
One of the 30 dams planned on river Narmada, Sardar Sarovar Dam (SSD) is the largest structure to be built. It is one of the largest dams in the world.[4][5] It is a part of the Narmada Valley Project, a large hydraulic engineering project involving the construction of a series of large irrigation and hydroelectric multi-purpose dams on the Narmada river. Following a number of controversial cases before the Supreme Court of India (1999, 2000, 2003), by 2014 the Narmada Control Authority had approved a series of changes in the final height – and the associated displacement caused by the increased reservoir, from the original 80 m (260 ft) to a final 163 m (535 ft) from foundation.[6][7] The project will irrigate more than 18,000 km2 (6,900 sq mi), most of it in drought prone areas of Kutch and Saurashtra.
The dam's main power plant houses six 200 MW Francis pump-turbines to generate electricity and include a pumped-storage capability. Additionally, a power plant on the intake for the main canal contains five 50 MW Kaplan turbine-generators. The total installed capacity of the power facilities is 1,450 MW.
Contents
[hide]
1 Geographical Location
2 Narmada Canal
2.1 Solar power generation
3 Controversy
4 Height increases
4.1 Report of the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF)
4.2 The Supreme Court decision
5 Notes
6 References
7 External links
Geographical Location[edit]
To the south west Malwa plateau, the dissected hill tracts culminate in the Mathwar hills, located in Alirajpur district of Madhya Pradesh. Below these hills Narmada river flows through a long, terrific gorge. This gorge extends into Gujarat where the river is tapped by the Sardar Sarovar dam.
Narmada Canal[edit]
Main article: Narmada Canal
The dam will irrigate 17,920 km2 (6,920 sq mi) of land spread over 12 districts, 62 talukas, and 3,393 villages (75% of which is drought-prone areas) in Gujarat and 730 km2 (280 sq mi) in the arid areas of Barmer and Jalore districts of Rajasthan. The dam will also provide flood protection to riverine reaches measuring 30,000 ha (74,000 acres) covering 210 villages and Bharuch city and a population of 400,000 in Gujarat.[8] Saurastra Narmada Avataran Irrigation is a major program to help irrigate a lot of regions using the canal's water.
Solar power generation[edit]
In 2011, the government of Gujarat announced plans to generate solar power by placing solar panels over the canal, making it beneficial for the surrounding villages to get power and also help to reduce the evaporation of water. The first phase consists of placing panels along a 25 km length of canal, with capacity for up to 25 MW of power.[9]
Controversy[edit]
Main article: Narmada Bachao Andolan
The dam is one of India's most controversial, and its environmental impact and net costs and benefits are widely debated.[citation needed] The World Bank was initially funding SSD, but withdrew in 1994. The Narmada Dam has been the centre of controversy and protest since the late 1980s.[10]
One such protest takes centre stage in the Spanner Films documentary Drowned Out (2002), which follows one tribal family who decide to stay at home and drown rather than make way for the Narmada Dam.[11] An earlier documentary film is called A Narmada Diary (1995) by Anand Patwardhan and Simantini Dhuru. The efforts of NBA to seek "social and environmental justice" for those most directly affected by the Sardar Sarover Dam construction feature prominently in this film. It received the (Filmfare Award for Best Documentary-1996).[12]
The figurehead of much of the protest is Medha Patkar, the leader of the Narmada Bachao Andolan ("Save Narmada Movement").[13] The movement was cemented in 1989, and received the Right Livelihood Award in 1991.[14]
Support for the protests also came from Indian author Arundhati Roy, who wrote "The Greater Common Good", an essay reprinted in her book The Cost of Living, in protest of the Narmada Dam Project.[15] In the essay, Roy states:
Big Dams are to a Nation's "Development" what Nuclear Bombs are to its Military Arsenal. They are both weapons of mass destruction. They're both weapons Governments use to control their own people. Both Twentieth Century emblems that mark a point in time when human intelligence has outstripped its own instinct for survival. They're both malignant indications of civilisation turning upon itself. They represent the severing of the link, not just the link—the understanding—between human beings and the planet they live on. They scramble the intelligence that connects eggs to hens, milk to cows, food to forests, water to rivers, air to life and the earth to human existence.
Height increases[edit]
The Sardar Sarovar Dam,
undergoing height increase in 2006.
In February 1999, the Supreme Court of India gave the go ahead for the dam's height to be raised to 88 m (289 ft) from the initial 80 m (260 ft).
In October 2000 again, in a 2-to-1 majority judgment in the Supreme Court, the government was allowed to construct the dam up to 90 m (300 ft).[6]
In May 2002, the Narmada Control Authority approved increasing the height of the dam to 95 m (312 ft).
In March 2004, the Authority allowed a 15 m (49 ft) height increase to 110 m (360 ft).
In March 2006, the Narmada Control Authority gave clearance for the height of the dam to be increased from 110.64 m (363.0 ft) to 121.92 m (400.0 ft). This came after 2003 when the Supreme Court of India refused allow the height of the dam to increase again.
In August 2013, heavy rains raised the reservoir level to 131.5 m (431 ft), which forced 7,000 villagers upstream along the Narmada River to relocate.[16]
On June 2014, Narmada Control Authority gave the final clearance to raise the height from 121.92 m (400.0 ft) metres to 138.68 m (455.0 ft)[17]
The Narmada Control Authority decided on June 17 2017 to raise the height of the Sardar Sarovar Dam to its fullest height by ordering the closure of 30 Gates
Report of the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF)[edit]
The Second Interim Report of the Experts' Committee set up by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) of the Government of India to assess the planning and implementation of environmental safeguards with respect to the Sardar Sarovar (SSP) and Indira Sagar projects (ISP) on the Narmada River. The report covers the status of compliances on catchment area treatment (CAT), flora and fauna and carrying capacity upstream, command area development (CAD), compensatory afforestation and human health aspects in project impact areas. Construction, on the other hand, has been proceeding apace: the ISP is complete and the SSP nearing completion. The report recommends that no further reservoir-filling be done at either SSP or ISP; that no further work be done on canal construction; and that even irrigation from the existing network be stopped forthwith until failures of compliance on the various environmental parameters have been fully remedied.[18]
The Supreme Court decision[edit]
Despite popular protest, the Supreme Court gave clearance for the height to be increased to 121.92 m (400 ft), but in the same judgment Justice Mr. Bharucha gave directions to Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra (the Grievance Redressal Authorities of Gujarat) that before further construction begins, they should certify (after inspection) that all those displaced by the raise in height of 5 metres have already been satisfactorily rehabilitated, and also that suitable vacant land for rehabilitating them is already in the possession of the respective States. This process shall be repeated for every successive five metre increase in height.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.sardarsarovardam.org/
Jump up ^ "Pumped-Storage Hydroelectric Plants — Asia-Pacific". IndustCards. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "A short history of the Sardar Sarovar Dam on river Narmada". The Indian Express. September 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ http://indianexpress.com/article/india/pm-narendra-modi-to-inaugurate-worlds-second-biggest-sardar-sarovar-dam-on-september-17-4843132/
Jump up ^ http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/09/narendra-modi-inaugurates-sardar-sarovar-dam-170917123309247.html
^ Jump up to: a b "BBC News — SOUTH ASIA — Go-ahead for India dam project". bbc.co.uk.
Jump up ^ "Sardar Sarovar Power Complex". Narmada Control Authority. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Main Features of the Dam". supportnarmadadam.org. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
Jump up ^ "Soon, solar power panels on Narmada canal: Narendra Modi". dna.
Jump up ^ Scudder T. (2003) (SSP), Unpublished Manuscript, retrieved 7/9/2007 India’s Sardar Sarovar Project
Jump up ^ "Drowned Out: The first 10 minutes of Drowned Out". OneWorldTV. 28 July 2009.
Jump up ^ "A Narmada Diary". Archived from the original on 21 Feb 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-13.
Jump up ^ Friends of River Narmada, retrieved 9 July 2007 The Sardar Sarovar Dam: a Brief Introduction
Jump up ^ In an opinion piece in The Guardian, the campaign led by the NBA activists was accused of holding up the project's completion and of even physically attacking local people who accepted compensation for moving. Kirk Leech (3 March 2009). "The Narmada dambusters are wrong". The Guardian. Retrieved 2009-03-04.
Jump up ^ Roy, Arundhati (April 1999). "The Greater Common Good". Friends of River Narmada. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
Jump up ^ "7000 villagers relocated after water level in Narmada dam crosses 130m". Express News Service. 25 August 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "NCA permits raising Narmada dam height after eight years". Times of India. 12 June 2014. Retrieved 12 June 2014.
Jump up ^ Mahadevan Ramaswamy and Ramaswamy R. Iyer (2010-03-31). "A damaging report". The Hindu. Chennai: "Kasturi & Sons Ltd. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
References[edit]
Sardar Saroval Narmada Nigam. (01/2002) retrieved 7/9/2007 Narmada for People and Environment
Dam-Affected Resettlement in Gujarat, by Chhandasi Pandya, retrieved July 13, 2007 Article
SECOND INTERIM REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE FOR ASSESSMENT OF SURVEY/ STUDIES / PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION, OF THE PLANS ON ENVIRONMENTAL SAFE GUARD MEASURES FOR SARDAR SAROVAR & INDIRA SAGAR PROJECTS Report
Association for India's Development website
External links[edit]
Gujarat portal
Water portal
Renewable energy portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Narmada Dam Project.
Friends of River Narmada
Official Website of NVDA - Narmada Valley Development Authority
Official website of Sardar Sarovar Narmada Nigam Limited
Regularly updated news clippings about Narmada dams
Concluding letter from Independent Review (also known as Morse Committee) constituted by World Bank in 1992 to assess Sardar Sarovar Dam Project djvu format or in pdf format.
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Director (business)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Intel Board of Directors
A director is a person from a group of managers who leads or supervises a particular area of a company[1]. Companies that use this term often have many directors spread throughout different business functions or roles (e.g. director of human resources).[2] The director usually reports directly to a vice president or to the CEO directly in order to let them know the progress of the organization. Large organizations also sometimes have assistant directors or deputy directors. Director commonly refers to the lowest level of executive in an organization, but many large companies use the title of associate director more frequently. Some companies also have regional directors and area directors. Regional directors are present in companies that are organized by location and have their departments under that. They are responsible for the operations for their particular country. Though directors are the first stage in the executive team, area directors are seen as higher up, based on their area of control.
Contents
1 Corporate titles
2 Structuring a board of directors
3 Managing director
3.1 Roles include
4 Executive director
4.1 Roles include
5 Company director
5.1 Roles include
6 Finance director
7 See also
8 References
Corporate titles[edit]
Main article: Corporate title
Corporate titles (commonly known as business titles) are titles given to individuals within a business depending on the role they have and which also portray the duties and responsibilities within that specific role. The larger the business, the more titles that are present, such as CEO, COO and executive directors.
Those that have higher roles within a company such as the elite positions are often referred to as "chief" and those that have lower roles within the company are employees that simply carry out day-to-day tasks. There are many titles within a company such as executive director, managing director, company director and chairman.
The corporate structure consists of four key areas:
Board of directors- oversees a department and maintains full operational responsibilities area is next to the C-level executives in the corporate jobs hierarchy. They oversee daily tasks of the business or the company.
Employees- This role is ranked at the bottom of the structure. Employees work on daily tasks and objectives either in a group or individually aiming for that common goal.[3]
Structuring a board of directors[edit]
Depending upon the size of an organization or a company, the number of directors can vary. Start-up companies can have a single director, which is the minimum for a private limited company according to the law. However, as organizations and businesses expand, the number of directors can increase because more tasks and responsibilities become present. For example, if the company expands and has more than one department, such as finance, sales, marketing, production and IT, then the business may form a board of directors, with each director overseeing a department and maintaining full responsibility within that department.
A board of directors ensures that a clearly outlined structure is in place which will help the business to work much more efficiently.
Larger businesses and organizations will form a clear board structure as the following:
Chairman - This particular role within the company is often a non executive role that also has the task of overseeing the entire business or organization.
Managing Director - A managing director is employed by the business, often by the chairman. Other roles include running the business and producing salaries. The managing director manages the board of directors and oversees the performance of the business, thus reporting back to the chairman.
Executive Directors - A group of executive directors who each play a significant role within the company. They maintain full responsibility over their respective departments such as Finance, Marketing and Sales. Each director manages their department ensuring that tasks and objectives are being met. Executive directors also sit on the board.
Non-executive directors - These advise the business by proposing different forms of strategy and also decide remuneration of the executive directors.
Having a clear structure within the business has a positive impact on the employees and it also helps to organize the business. By having a team of executive directors, employees can report to their executive directors if a problem or an issue occurs.[4]
Managing director[edit]
Main article: Chief executive officer
A managing director oversees the performance of the company as a whole and then has the duty to report back to the chairman or board of directors. The chairman or board of directors may set daily and weekly targets, which should be met by the employees that are working within their respective departments. The managing director also has the role to report their progress so the board can evaluate it to see if targets have been achieved.[5]
Roles include[edit]
Maintaining the overall performance of the company and in particular the departments within.
Producing and planning strategic operating plans and objectives for the long-term future. Also ensuring all short term targets have been achieved.
Keeping in regular contact with the board of directors or chairman and to maintain a positive relationship.
Executive director[edit]
Main article: Executive director
An executive director within a company or an organization is usually from the board of directors and oversees a specific department within the organization such as Marketing, Finance, Production and IT. The Executive Director must ensure that all employees within his/her department are achieving the objectives which have been set and must also make daily decisions within the department.[6]
Roles include[edit]
Overseeing their specific department such as Finance, Marketing or Manufacturing.
Maintaining the role of a specified decision maker within the department.
Analyzing and evaluating the efficiency of day to day tasks within the departments and ensuring all objectives are being met.[7][8]
Company director[edit]
Main article: Board of directors
This section may be confusing or unclear to readers. (October 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A company director is one of the employees within a group of managers who maintains a prolific role within an organization and usually has the higher role within an organization. This is mainly because they decide on how to control the business and also make the final and key decisions.[9]
Roles include[edit]
The company director(s) is mainly responsible for:
Ensuring the company’s strategic objectives and plans which have been set are being met.
Analyzing and monitoring the progress of its employees towards achieving the objectives and targets set.
Appointing or hiring senior managers for certain departments such as Finance and Marketing.[10][11]
Finance director[edit]
Main article: Chief financial officer
A finance director oversees and maintains full responsibility of the business's finance department. He/she is also responsible in ensuring that the chief executive and the board receive the flow of the financial information. Other responsibilities include producing annual accounts, maintaining control of complete transactions, setting out financial targets and budgets for the business and also managing the companies policies. The finance director must also report to the managing director.[12]
See also[edit]
Director (disambiguation)
Director-general
Director of Operations
Management
Non-executive director
President
Vice President
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "What is director? definition and meaning". BusinessDictionary.com. Retrieved 2018-05-14.
Jump up ^ Heathfield, Susan M. "Sample Human Resources Director Job Description". about.com.
Jump up ^ "Corporate titles". Corporate jobs hierarchy. 2014-10-22. Retrieved 2014-10-22.
Jump up ^ "Structuring a board of directors". https://www.nibusinessinfo.co.uk/content/structuring-board-directors. 2014-10-22. Retrieved 2014-10-22. External link in |website= (help)
Jump up ^ "Role of the managing director". IOD. Retrieved 20 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Executive Director definition". The free dictionary. Retrieved 20 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "getting the right people". hrcouncil.ca. Retrieved 20 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Role of a director". GOV.UK. 2014-10-20.
Jump up ^ "Company Director definition". Cambridge.org. 2014-10-20.
Jump up ^ "directors duties and responsibilities". IOD. Retrieved 2014-10-20.
Jump up ^ "Running a limited company". GOV.UK. Retrieved 2014-10-20.
Jump up ^ "The role of the Finance Director". http://www.iod.com/guidance/briefings/cgbis-the-role-of-the-finance-director. 2014-10-22. Retrieved 2014-10-22. External link in |website= (help)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Director_(business)&oldid=864695097"
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