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Payne Stewart
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Payne Stewart
Stewart in 1998.
Personal information
Full name
William Payne Stewart
Born
(1957-01-30)January 30, 1957
Springfield, Missouri
Died
October 25, 1999(1999-10-25) (aged 42)
near Aberdeen, South Dakota
Nationality
United States
Spouse
Tracey Ferguson
(m. 1981–99, his death)
Children
Chelsea, William Aaron
Career
College
Southern Methodist University, 1979
Turned professional
1979
Former tour(s)
PGA Tour
Asian Tour
Professional wins
24
Number of wins by tour
PGA Tour
11
European Tour
1
Japan Golf Tour
1
Other
11
Best results in major championships
(wins: 3)
Masters Tournament
T8: 1986
U.S. Open
Won: 1991, 1999
The Open Championship
2nd/T2: 1985, 1990
PGA Championship
Won: 1989
Achievements and awards
World Golf Hall of Fame
2001 (member page)
Byron Nelson Award
1989
Bob Jones Award
2014
William Payne Stewart (January 30, 1957 – October 25, 1999) was an American professional golfer who won eleven PGA Tour events, including three major championships in his career, the last of which occurred a few months before he died in an airplane accident at the age of 42.
Stewart gained his first major title at the 1989 PGA Championship. He won the 1991 U.S. Open after a playoff against Scott Simpson. At the 1999 U.S. Open Stewart captured his third major title after holing a 15-foot (5 m) par putt on the final hole for a one stroke victory.
Stewart was a popular golfer with spectators, who responded enthusiastically to his distinctive clothing. He was reputed to have the biggest wardrobe of all professional golfers and was a favorite of photographers because of his flamboyant attire of ivy caps and patterned pants, which were a cross between plus fours and knickerbockers, a throwback to the once-commonplace golf "uniform". Stewart was also admired for having one of the most gracefully fluid and stylish golf swings of the modern era.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Early years
2 Career
2.1 Early professional career: 1981–1988
2.2 Major victories: 1989–1999
3 Death
3.1 Legacy
4 Professional wins (24)
4.1 PGA Tour wins (11)
4.2 European Tour wins (1)
4.3 Japan Golf Tour wins (1)
4.4 Other wins (11)
5 Major championships
5.1 Wins (3)
5.2 Results timeline
5.3 Summary
6 U.S. national team appearances
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Early years[edit]
Stewart was born and raised in Springfield, Missouri, and attended Greenwood Laboratory School, a K-12 school, on the campus of Missouri State University. He played collegiate golf at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas, where he was a member of Phi Gamma Delta and graduated in 1979. Payne Stewart and Tracy Ferguson met each other in Kuala Lumpur in 1980 while he was playing on the Asian tour.
Career[edit]
Early professional career: 1981–1988[edit]
Stewart failed to earn a PGA Tour card at Qualifying School in his graduation year, so he played on the Asian Tour for a couple of years, winning two tournaments in 1981. Later that year, he earned his PGA Tour card for 1982 and won his first title on the tour at that year's Quad Cities Open. This win was especially memorable to him because it was the only time his father, Bill, saw him win. Stewart's father had played in the 1955 U.S. Open, and had introduced his son to the game.[2]
In 1983, Stewart gained his second PGA Tour victory by winning the Walt Disney World Golf Classic by two strokes. At the 1985 Byron Nelson Golf Classic, Stewart came to the 72nd hole with a three-shot lead. Moments after Bob Eastwood birdied the final hole of regulation, Stewart took a double bogey to end the tournament tied for first. Stewart then made another double bogey on the first playoff hole, causing him to lose to Eastwood.[3] Stewart's 1985 Byron Nelson Classic finish has been called one of the all-time golf blunders.[4]
In 1985, Stewart came close to winning The Open Championship, when he finished one stroke behind the champion Sandy Lyle.
Stewart briefly led the U.S. Open in 1986 during the back-nine of the final round at Shinnecock Hills. After birdieing the 11th and 12th, Stewart took a one-shot lead, but he then had bogeys at the 13th and 14th, finishing the tournament tied for sixth place, behind the winner Raymond Floyd.[5]
Stewart had four runner-up finishes on the PGA Tour in 1986.[6] Despite not winning a tournament that year, he had the most top-10 finishes of any player on the PGA Tour in 1986, finishing inside the top-10 sixteen times.[7]
Stewart won the Hertz Bay Hill Classic in Orlando, Florida in 1987, shooting a third round of 63 and a final round of 65 to beat South African David Frost by three shots. The tournament was a two-man duel in the final round, as Frost finished eight shots ahead of the third-place finisher Dan Pohl. Stewart's victory was a memorable one to him as it came on his home course. His house was situated adjacent to the 12th tee of the Bay Hill Club course in Orlando, Florida.[8] Stewart's cumulative tournament score of 264 is, to date, still a record for the lowest aggregate score over 72 holes in the event, which later became known as the "Arnold Palmer Invitational" held at the same Bay Hill venue.
After his 1987 victory at Bay Hill, Stewart donated his $108,000 prize money to a Florida hospital in memory of his father, who died of cancer in 1985.[1]
Stewart had two runner-up finishes on the PGA Tour in 1988, at The Honda Classic and the Provident Classic.
Major victories: 1989–1999[edit]
In April 1989, Stewart won the MCI Heritage Golf Classic by five strokes, with a then tournament-record score of 268, 16-under-par.[9] His victory at the Heritage Classic was his 18th top-10 finish on the PGA Tour since his previous win at the Bay Hill Classic in March 1987. Stewart was gaining a reputation for being one of the most consistent players on the PGA Tour[9] and one of the best players in the world not yet to have won a major championship at that point.
At Kemper Lakes Golf Club, Stewart won the PGA Championship in 1989, his first major title. At the start of the final round, Stewart was six shots behind the leader Mike Reid. He made up five strokes in the final three holes to overtake Reid and win by a stroke. Stewart's back-nine of 31 included birdies on four of his last five holes. He was able to gain the lead over Reid, who bogeyed the 16th, double-bogeyed the 17th, and missed a seven-foot (2 m) birdie putt on the 18th, which would have forced a playoff.[10] After the tournament, Stewart said: "This is a dream I've been trying to realize for a long time." Reid shed tears and said: "As disappointed as I am, I'm happy for Payne."[11]
The following year, Stewart became the first player to win back-to-back titles at the MCI Heritage Golf Classic at Harbour Town Golf Links, winning a playoff against Larry Mize and Steve Jones on the second extra hole with an 18-foot (5 m) birdie putt. This was his first playoff win on the PGA Tour, having lost all five of his playoffs in the 1980s.[12] In May 1990, Stewart won his second tournament of the year at the GTE Byron Nelson Golf Classic. At the end of 1990, Stewart was ranked as the fifth-best golfer in the world on the Official World Golf Ranking.[13]
Stewart's second major title came at the 1991 U.S. Open after an 18-hole Monday playoff with Scott Simpson on a windblown Hazeltine National Golf Club course in Minnesota. Stewart was two shots behind Simpson going into the final three holes of the playoff. After the 16th hole, the match was squared, as Stewart holed a 20-foot (6 m) birdie putt and Simpson missed a 3-foot (1 m) par putt. Stewart's par on the 18th hole won the playoff by two strokes.[14]
The following month, Stewart won the 1991 Heineken Dutch Open by nine shots, which included a course record of 62 in the third round.[15] Stewart won the Hassan II Golf Trophy in Morocco in 1992 and 1993.
In 1993 at Royal St George's Golf Club in England, Stewart's fourth round of 63 tied the record for the lowest individual round in The Open Championship. He was one of 10 players, until Branden Grace shot a 62 in 2017, to hold the record for shooting a 63 at the British Open.[16] In 1995, Stewart gained his first U.S. PGA Tour win in four years by winning the Shell Houston Open in a playoff over Scott Hoch, who lost a six-shot lead with seven holes to play. Hoch collapsed on the back-nine with three bogeys and a double-bogey on the 17th when his tee shot found water. Stewart won the playoff on the first extra hole.[17]
In the 1998 U.S. Open at Olympic Club in San Francisco, Stewart had a four-shot lead going into the final round, but lost to Lee Janzen by a stroke.[18] Stewart missed a 25-foot birdie putt on the 18th hole of his final round, which would have forced a playoff with Janzen.[19]
The following year at the 1999 U.S. Open at Pinehurst Resort, Stewart won his last major title, memorably holing a 15-foot par putt that defeated Phil Mickelson by a stroke in the final round when Tiger Woods and Vijay Singh were also in contention for the trophy. Stewart credited his winning putt to being more at peace with himself after his strengthened religious belief.[18] A statue of Stewart celebrates his winning putt behind the 18th green of the No. 2 course at Pinehurst Resort.[20][21]
At the time of his death, Stewart was ranked third on the all-time money list and in the top 10 of the Official World Golf Ranking — he had been ranked in the top 10 for almost 250 weeks from 1986 to 1993, and again in 1999.[22] At a time of international domination of the golf scene in the late 1980s and early 1990s, he was often the highest-ranked American player.
Stewart represented the United States on five Ryder Cup teams (1987, 1989, 1991, 1993, and 1999). He also played for the U.S. on three World Cup teams.
Stewart was known for his patriotic passion for the Ryder Cup, once saying of his European opponents, "On paper, they should be caddying for us." The United States team was 3–1–1 during the five times he played.[23] He was disappointed to miss out in 1995 and 1997, when he failed to qualify automatically and was not chosen as a captain's pick. In the 1999 Ryder Cup, Stewart criticized the heckling of European player Colin Montgomerie. With victory assured for the United States, Stewart conceded a putt (and his own singles match) to Montgomerie on the 18th hole. "This game is about sportsmanship," Stewart said afterwards.[18]
Stewart was a golfing traditionalist, who once said: "In the United States, all we do is play the ball in the air."[24] He gained an affection for links golf, becoming a popular figure in Ireland after playing on Irish courses to warm up for The Open Championship. After he died in 1999, Waterville Golf Links in County Kerry, Ireland, commissioned a bronze statue of Stewart to pay tribute to him and his affiliation with Waterville.[25]
For a large part of his career, Stewart was known for his National Football League (NFL) sponsorship, whereby he wore the team colors of the geographically closest NFL franchise;[26] the sponsorship ended in May 1995.[27]
Stewart appeared on an episode of the American television sitcom Home Improvement titled "Futile Attraction", which aired on March 10, 1998, and featured Stewart as himself.[28]
Stewart was also a musician, and played harmonica in the blues rock group Jake Trout and the Flounders, which also included fellow golfers Larry Rinker and Peter Jacobsen.[29] The band released one album, I Love to Play in 1998.[29] The music video for the title track, a golf-themed parody of Randy Newman's "I Love L.A.", earned rotation on VH-1.[30]
Death[edit]
Main article: 1999 South Dakota Learjet crash
On October 25, 1999, a month after the American team rallied to win the Ryder Cup and four months after his U.S. Open victory, Stewart was killed in the depressurization of a Learjet. He was flying from his home in Orlando, Florida, to Texas for the year-ending tournament, The Tour Championship, held at Champions Golf Club in Houston. Traveling on a Monday morning, Stewart was planning to stop off in Dallas to discuss building a new home course for the SMU golf program with Dallas-based real estate developer Jeff Blackard.[31][32] The last communication received from the pilots was at 9:27 am EDT, and the aircraft made a right turn at 9:30 am EDT that was probably the result of human input.
At 9:33 am, the pilots did not respond to a call to change radio frequencies, and no further contact from the aircraft was received. The aircraft was apparently still on autopilot and angled off-course, as observed by several U.S. Air Force (and Air National Guard) F-16 fighter aircraft[33] as it continued its flight over the Southern and Midwestern United States. The military pilots observed frost or condensation on the windshield (consistent with loss of cabin pressure) which obscured the cockpit, and no motion was visible through the small patch of windshield that was clear.
National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigators later concluded that the aircraft suffered a loss of cabin pressure and that all on board were incapacitated due to hypoxia as the aircraft passed to the west of Gainesville, Florida. A delay of only a few seconds in donning oxygen masks, coupled with cognitive and motor skill impairment, could have been enough to result in the pilots' incapacitation. The NTSB report showed that the aircraft had several instances of maintenance work related to cabin pressure in the months leading up to the accident. The NTSB was unable to determine whether they stemmed from a common problem. Replacements and repairs were documented, but not the pilot discrepancy reports that prompted them, or the frequency of such reports. The report gently chides Sunjet Aviation for the possibility that this would have made the problem harder to identify, track, and resolve, and the fact that in at least one instance, the aircraft was flown with an unauthorized maintenance deferral for cabin pressure problems.
According to a U.S. Air Force timeline, a series of military aircraft provided an emergency escort to the stricken Lear, beginning with an F-16 from Eglin Air Force Base, about an hour and 20 minutes (9:33 EDT to 9:52 CDT – see NTSB report on the crash) after ground controllers lost contact. The aircraft continued flying on autopilot until it ran out of fuel and crashed into a field near Mina, South Dakota, a town 10 miles (16 km) west of Aberdeen, after an uncontrolled descent. The five other people aboard the aircraft included Stewart's agents Robert Fraley and Van Ardan, pilots Michael Kling and Stephanie Bellegarrigue, and Bruce Borland, a highly regarded golf-course architect with the Jack Nicklaus design company.
At the time of his death, Stewart had won $12,673,193 in career earnings. He won over $2 million during the 1999 season, and finished seventh on the year's money list.
Legacy[edit]
At that week's tournament, The Tour Championship, Stewart's good friend, Stuart Appleby, organized a tribute to his friend. With Stewart's wife's permission, he wore one of Payne's own signature outfits for the final round of the tournament on Sunday, and most of the rest of the golfers in the field wore "short pants" that day, as well.[34]
Statue of Payne Stewart at Waterville Golf Links, Ireland
One year after Stewart's death, his widow Tracey and their two children, and the family of Stewart's agent, Robert Fraley, who also died on that flight, brought a lawsuit against Learjet, flight operator SunJet Aviation, Inc., and aircraft owner JetShares One Inc. They alleged that a cracked adapter resulted in an airflow valve detaching from the frame, causing a fatal loss of cabin pressure. They also claimed that the aircraft was severely out of maintenance due to negligence by SunJet.[35] In April 2000 as part of a federal criminal investigation, the Federal Bureau of Investigation raided SunJet and seized its flight logbooks, effectively grounding all of its aircraft. The investigation was dropped in 2002, but it was too late to save SunJet; unable to legally operate, it had filed for bankruptcy protection in June 2000.[36] The case against Learjet went forward in state court in Orlando. In June 2005, jurors found that the aircraft's manufacturer had no liability in the deaths of Stewart and Fraley and that no negligence was found in the design or manufacture of the aircraft.[20][35]
The segment of Interstate 44 passing through Springfield, Missouri, was designated the "Payne Stewart Memorial Highway" in his memory. He has a street in Fullerton, California, and a "Payne Stewart Drive" in Surrey, British Columbia, Canada, leading into Northview golf course designed by Arnold Palmer, named after him. Finally, Payne Stewart Drive in Jacksonville, Florida, houses The First Tee along with a Job Corps center.
The communities of Mina and Aberdeen created their own memorial. Jon Hoffman, owner of the property where the aircraft crashed, contacted Stewart's widow and several family members of other crash victims. All agreed that the memorial would be a rock pulled from the crash site, engraved with the victims' names and a Bible passage. Hoffman fenced in about an acre (4,000 m²) of the property surrounding the memorial.[32]
In 2000, the PGA Tour established the Payne Stewart Award, given each year to a player who shows respect for the traditions of the game, commitment to uphold the game's heritage of charitable support, and professional and meticulous presentation of himself and the sport through his dress and conduct.[37] A bronze statue of Stewart celebrating his winning putt in 1999 at Pinehurst overlooks the 18th green of the No. 2 course.[20]
In tribute to Stewart, as well as his southwestern Missouri roots, the Payne Stewart Golf Club was opened in Branson, Missouri, in June 2009 with the approval of Stewart's widow.[citation needed] Ground-breaking on the $31 million layout took place on July 24, 2006. The 7,319-yard, 18-hole course was designed by Bobby Clampett and Chuck Smith. Each hole on the course is named for some aspect or notable moment in Stewart's life. The fifth hole, for example named "Road Hole", recounts the incredible par Stewart made in the first round of the 1990 Open Championship at Old Course at St Andrews when he was forced to knock his third shot against the wall behind the green at the Old Course's treacherous 17th. His ball finished just on the back fringe from where he chipped in.
On the 10th anniversary of Stewart's death in 2009, Golf Channel presented a special program to remember the life of the late golfer. It included recorded interviews with family and friends, and archived videos of his golf career.
On the first day of the 2014 U.S. Open, Rickie Fowler wore plus fours and argyle socks in tribute to Stewart. The championship was at the Pinehurst Resort where Stewart won his last major championship only a few months before his death.[38]
Professional wins (24)[edit]
PGA Tour wins (11)[edit]
Legend
Major championships (3)
Regular PGA Tour (8)
No.
Date
Tournament
Winning score
To par
Margin
of victory
Runner(s)-up
1 Jul 18, 1982 Miller High Life QCO 66-71-68-63=268 −12 2 strokes Brad Bryant, Pat McGowan
2 Oct 23, 1983 Walt Disney World Golf Classic 69-64-69-67=269 −19 2 strokes Nick Faldo, Mark McCumber
3 Mar 15, 1987 Hertz Bay Hill Classic 69-67-63-65=264 −20 3 strokes David Frost
4 Apr 16, 1989 MCI Heritage Golf Classic 65-67-67-69=268 −16 5 strokes Kenny Perry
5 Aug 13, 1989 PGA Championship 74-66-69-67=276 −12 1 stroke Andy Bean, Mike Reid, Curtis Strange
6 Apr 15, 1990 MCI Heritage Golf Classic 70-69-66-71=276 −8 Playoff Steve Jones, Larry Mize
7 May 6, 1990 GTE Byron Nelson Golf Classic 67-68-67=202^ −8 2 strokes Lanny Wadkins
8 Jun 17, 1991 U.S. Open 67-70-73-72=282 −6 Playoff Scott Simpson
9 Apr 30, 1995 Shell Houston Open 73-65-70-68=276 −12 Playoff Scott Hoch
10 Feb 7, 1999 AT&T Pebble Beach National Pro-Am 69-64-73=206^ −10 1 stroke Frank Lickliter II
11 Jun 20, 1999 U.S. Open 68-69-72-70=279 −1 1 stroke Phil Mickelson
^ Tournament reduced to 54 holes due to inclement weather.
PGA Tour playoff record (3–6)
No.
Year
Tournament
Opponent(s)
Result
1 1984 Colonial National Invitation Peter Jacobsen Lost to birdie on first extra hole
2 1985 Byron Nelson Golf Classic Bob Eastwood Lost to bogey on first extra hole
3 1986 Colonial National Invitation Dan Pohl Lost to birdie on first extra hole
4 1988 Provident Classic Phil Blackmar Lost to birdie on first extra hole
5 1989 Nabisco Championship Tom Kite Lost to par on second extra hole
6 1990 MCI Heritage Golf Classic Steve Jones, Larry Mize Won with birdie on second extra hole
Jones eliminated with par on first hole
7 1991 U.S. Open Scott Simpson Won 18-hole playoff (Stewart:75, Simpson:77)
8 1995 Shell Houston Open Scott Hoch Won with birdie on first extra hole
9 1999 MCI Classic Glen Day, Jeff Sluman Day won with birdie on first extra hole
European Tour wins (1)[edit]
No.
Date
Tournament
Winning score
Margin of
victory
Runners-up
1 Jul 28, 1991 Heineken Dutch Open −21 (67-68-62-70=267) 9 strokes Per-Ulrik Johansson, Bernhard Langer
Japan Golf Tour wins (1)[edit]
1985 Jun Classic (tie with Kazushige Kono and Masahiro Kuramoto)
Other wins (11)[edit]
1981 Indian Open, Indonesia Open
1982 Coolangatta-Tweed Heads Classic (Australia), Magnolia State Classic
1987 Fred Meyer Challenge (with Isao Aoki)
1990 World Cup (individual winner)
1991 Skins Game
1992 Skins Game, Hassan II Trophy
1993 Skins Game, Hassan II Trophy
Major championships[edit]
Wins (3)[edit]
Year
Championship
54 holes
Winning score
Margin
Runner(s)-up
1989 PGA Championship 6 shot deficit −12 (74-66-69-67=276) 1 stroke Andy Bean, Mike Reid, Curtis Strange
1991 U.S. Open Tied for lead −6 (67-70-73-72=282) Playoff1 Scott Simpson
1999 U.S. Open (2) 1 shot lead −1 (68-69-72-70=279) 1 stroke Phil Mickelson
1Defeated Simpson in an 18-hole playoff – Stewart 75 (+3), Simpson 77 (+5).
Results timeline[edit]
Tournament
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
Masters Tournament T32 T21 T25 T8 T42 T25 T24
U.S. Open CUT T5 T6 CUT T10 T13
The Open Championship T58 CUT 2 T35 T4 T7 T8
PGA Championship CUT CUT CUT T12 T5 T24 T9 1
Tournament
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Masters Tournament T36 CUT T9 CUT T41 CUT T52
U.S. Open CUT 1 T51 2 CUT T21 T27 T28 2 1
The Open Championship T2 T32 T34 12 CUT T11 T45 59 T44 T30
PGA Championship T8 T13 T69 T44 T66 T13 T69 T29 CUT T57
Win
Top 10
Did not play
CUT = missed the half-way cut (3rd round cut in 1984 Open Championship)
"T" = tied
Summary[edit]
Tournament
Wins
2nd
3rd
Top-5
Top-10
Top-25
Events
Cuts made
Masters Tournament 0 0 0 0 2 6 14 11
U.S. Open 2 2 0 5 7 9 16 12
The Open Championship 0 2 0 3 5 7 17 15
PGA Championship 1 0 0 2 4 8 18 14
Totals
3
4
0
10
18
30
65
52
Most consecutive cuts made – 11 (1987 Open Championship – 1990 Masters)
Longest streak of top-10s – 3 (twice)
U.S. national team appearances[edit]
Professional
Four Tours World Championship: 1986, 1987 (winners), 1989 (winners), 1990
Ryder Cup: 1987, 1989 (tied), 1991 (winners), 1993 (winners), 1999 (winners)
World Cup: 1987, 1990
Alfred Dunhill Cup: 1993, 1999
Wendy's 3-Tour Challenge (representing PGA Tour): 1996 (winners)
See also[edit]
Biography portal
List of golfers with most PGA Tour wins
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "World Golf Hall of Fame Member Profile". World Golf Hall of Fame. Retrieved September 4, 2013.
Jump up ^ Mell, Randall (June 21, 1999). "Dad's Bond Strengthens A Champion". Sun Sentinel. Retrieved December 29, 2012.
Jump up ^ Eastwood takes playoff victory
Jump up ^ A painful collection of Garrigus-style golf blunders
Jump up ^ Reilly, Rick (June 23, 1986). "Guts, Grit And Grandeur: At 43, Raymond Floyd fought off a horde of rivals to become the oldest U.S. Open champion ever". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved December 29, 2012.
Jump up ^ White Jr., Gordon S. (March 16, 1987). "Stewart Ends 3-Year Drought". The New York Times. Retrieved December 29, 2012.
Jump up ^ "PGA Tour Statistics - Top 10 Finishes, 1986". PGA Tour. Retrieved November 21, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Payne Stewart Wins Bay Hill Classic". Point Pleasant Register. Point Pleasant, West Virginia. UPI. March 16, 1987. p. 6. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b White, Jr., Gordon S. (April 17, 1989). "Stewart Sets Mark in Victory". The New York Times. Retrieved December 29, 2012.
Jump up ^ Swift, E.M. (August 21, 1989). "Putting On The Style". Sports Illustrated. p. 28.
Jump up ^ Juliano, Joe (August 14, 1989). "Late Rally Wins Pga For Stewart". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved February 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Stewart Wins Heritage Again". The Mount Airy News. Mount Airy, North Carolina. AP. April 16, 1990. p. 6. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ "The Official World Golf Ranking 1986 - 2000". Golf Today. January 26, 2010. Retrieved December 29, 2012.
Jump up ^ Diaz, Jaime (June 18, 1991). "Stewart win U.S. Open title". The Dispatch. Lexington, North Carolina. p. 1B. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Dutch Open". The Gainesville Sun. Gainesville, Florida. AP. July 29, 1991. p. 2C. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ "63: Lowest rounds in men's major championship history". Golf News Net. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Stewart wins playoff in Houston Open". Ocala Star-Banner. Ocala, Florida. AP. May 1, 1995. p. 3D. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c Markus, Don (October 26, 1999). "First peace, then tragedy". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved December 29, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Janzen denies Stewart a U.S. Open title, again". Lodi News-Sentinel. Lodi, California. AP. June 22, 1998. p. 11. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c Ferguson, Doug (June 19, 2005). "Stewart remembered at U.S. Open". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Associated Press. p. 1C.
Jump up ^ "Payne Stewart's son Aaron Stewart playing at Pinehurst in North and South Amateur". Golf.com. June 29, 2009. Retrieved December 29, 2012.
Jump up ^ "69 Players Who Have Reached The Top-10 In World Ranking" (PDF). Official World Golf Ranking. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ Apfelbaum, Jim, ed. (2007). The Gigantic Book of Golf Quotations. Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN 978-1-60239-014-0.
Jump up ^ Rabun, Mike (June 8, 1990). "Payne pained about golf course design". Lodi News-Sentinel. Lodi, California. p. 19. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Waterville Golf Links". Links. Retrieved December 29, 2012.
Jump up ^ Klancnik, Rudy (August 8, 2011). "Payne Stewart Award: Honoring one of golf's true fashion icons". PGA Tour. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
Jump up ^ "No Overtime In Payne Stewart-NFL Properties Deal". Sport Business Daily. Street & Smith. October 30, 1995. Retrieved June 16, 2012.
Jump up ^ [1]
^ Jump up to: a b "Jacobsen and Stewart: Offbeat yet always on key". Golfweek. 17 September 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
Jump up ^ Stewart, Tracey; Abraham, Ken. Payne Stewart: The Authorized Biography. B&H Publishing Group. ISBN 9781433670152. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "40 reads: Payne Stewart, 42, dies in plane crash". Golfweek. March 18, 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Merrill, Elizabeth (June 16, 2009). "In his father's footsteps". ESPN. Retrieved June 16, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Board Meeting : Learjet Model 35, N47BA, near Aberdeen, South Dakota, October 25, 1999.". National Transportation Safety Board. Retrieved November 21, 2013.
Jump up ^ "A special tribute to Stewart on final day". Golf Today. Retrieved November 21, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Jurors clear Learjet in Payne Stewart crash trial". ESPN. Associated Press. June 8, 2005. Retrieved November 21, 2013.
Jump up ^ Barker, Tim (March 14, 2002). "Government Halts SunJet Aviation Investigation". Orlando Sentinel.
Jump up ^ "New Payne Stewart award announced". Golf Today. Retrieved November 21, 2013.
Jump up ^ O'Connor, Ian (June 12, 2014). "Fowler's tribute months in the making". ESPN.
External links[edit]
Payne Stewart at the PGA Tour official site
Payne Stewart at the European Tour official site
Payne Stewart at the Japan Golf Tour official site
Payne Stewart at Find a Grave
A biography written when he was inducted into the Hall of Fame
[show]
Payne Stewart in the Major Championships
[show]
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U.S. Open champions
1895 Horace Rawlins
1896 James Foulis
1897 Joe Lloyd
1898 Fred Herd
1899 Willie Smith
1900 Harry Vardon
1901 Willie Anderson†
1902 Laurie Auchterlonie
1903 Willie Anderson†
1904 Willie Anderson
1905 Willie Anderson
1906 Alex Smith
1907 Alec Ross
1908 Fred McLeod†
1909 George Sargent
1910 Alex Smith†
1911 John McDermott†
1912 John McDermott
1913 Francis Ouimet#†
1914‡ Walter Hagen
1915 Jerome Travers#
1916 Chick Evans#
1917–18 Cancelled due to World War I
1919 Walter Hagen†
1920 Ted Ray
1921‡ Jim Barnes
1922 Gene Sarazen
1923 Bobby Jones#†
1924 Cyril Walker
1925 Willie Macfarlane†
1926 Bobby Jones#
1927 Tommy Armour†
1928 Johnny Farrell†
1929 Bobby Jones#†
1930 Bobby Jones#
1931 Billy Burke†
1932 Gene Sarazen
1933 Johnny Goodman#
1934 Olin Dutra
1935 Sam Parks, Jr.
1936 Tony Manero
1937 Ralph Guldahl
1938 Ralph Guldahl
1939 Byron Nelson†
1940 Lawson Little†
1941 Craig Wood
1942–45 Cancelled due to World War II
1946 Lloyd Mangrum†
1947 Lew Worsham†
1948 Ben Hogan
1949 Cary Middlecoff
1950 Ben Hogan†
1951 Ben Hogan
1952 Julius Boros
1953‡ Ben Hogan
1954 Ed Furgol
1955 Jack Fleck†
1956 Cary Middlecoff
1957 Dick Mayer†
1958 Tommy Bolt
1959 Billy Casper
1960 Arnold Palmer
1961 Gene Littler
1962 Jack Nicklaus†
1963 Julius Boros†
1964 Ken Venturi
1965 Gary Player†
1966 Billy Casper†
1967 Jack Nicklaus
1968 Lee Trevino
1969 Orville Moody
1970‡ Tony Jacklin
1971 Lee Trevino†
1972 Jack Nicklaus
1973 Johnny Miller
1974 Hale Irwin
1975 Lou Graham†
1976 Jerry Pate
1977 Hubert Green
1978 Andy North
1979 Hale Irwin
1980 Jack Nicklaus
1981 David Graham
1982 Tom Watson
1983 Larry Nelson
1984 Fuzzy Zoeller†
1985 Andy North
1986 Raymond Floyd
1987 Scott Simpson
1988 Curtis Strange†
1989 Curtis Strange
1990 Hale Irwin†
1991 Payne Stewart†
1992 Tom Kite
1993 Lee Janzen
1994 Ernie Els†
1995 Corey Pavin
1996 Steve Jones
1997 Ernie Els
1998 Lee Janzen
1999 Payne Stewart
2000‡ Tiger Woods
2001 Retief Goosen†
2002‡ Tiger Woods
2003 Jim Furyk
2004 Retief Goosen
2005 Michael Campbell
2006 Geoff Ogilvy
2007 Ángel Cabrera
2008 Tiger Woods†
2009 Lucas Glover
2010 Graeme McDowell
2011‡ Rory McIlroy
2012 Webb Simpson
2013 Justin Rose
2014‡ Martin Kaymer
2015 Jordan Spieth
2016 Dustin Johnson
2017 Brooks Koepka
† indicates the event was won in a playoff;
‡ indicates the event was won wire-to-wire;
# indicates the event was won by an amateur
[show]
v
t
e
PGA Championship champions
Match play
era
1916 Jim Barnes
1917–18 Cancelled due to World War I
1919 Jim Barnes
1920 Jock Hutchison
1921 Walter Hagen
1922 Gene Sarazen
1923 Gene Sarazen
1924 Walter Hagen
1925 Walter Hagen
1926 Walter Hagen
1927 Walter Hagen
1928 Leo Diegel
1929 Leo Diegel
1930 Tommy Armour
1931 Tom Creavy
1932 Olin Dutra
1933 Gene Sarazen
1934 Paul Runyan
1935 Johnny Revolta
1936 Denny Shute
1937 Denny Shute
1938 Paul Runyan
1939 Henry Picard
1940 Byron Nelson
1941 Vic Ghezzi
1942 Sam Snead
1943 Cancelled due to World War II
1944 Bob Hamilton
1945 Byron Nelson
1946 Ben Hogan
1947 Jim Ferrier
1948 Ben Hogan
1949 Sam Snead
1950 Chandler Harper
1951 Sam Snead
1952 Jim Turnesa
1953 Walter Burkemo
1954 Chick Harbert
1955 Doug Ford
1956 Jack Burke Jr.
1957 Lionel Hebert
Stroke play
era
1958 Dow Finsterwald
1959 Bob Rosburg
1960 Jay Hebert
1961 Jerry Barber†
1962 Gary Player
1963 Jack Nicklaus
1964‡ Bobby Nichols
1965 Dave Marr
1966 Al Geiberger
1967 Don January†
1968 Julius Boros
1969‡ Raymond Floyd
1970 Dave Stockton
1971 Jack Nicklaus
1972 Gary Player
1973 Jack Nicklaus
1974 Lee Trevino
1975 Jack Nicklaus
1976 Dave Stockton
1977 Lanny Wadkins†
1978 John Mahaffey†
1979 David Graham†
1980 Jack Nicklaus
1981 Larry Nelson
1982‡ Raymond Floyd
1983‡ Hal Sutton
1984 Lee Trevino
1985 Hubert Green
1986 Bob Tway
1987 Larry Nelson†
1988 Jeff Sluman
1989 Payne Stewart
1990 Wayne Grady
1991 John Daly
1992 Nick Price
1993 Paul Azinger†
1994 Nick Price
1995 Steve Elkington†
1996 Mark Brooks†
1997 Davis Love III
1998 Vijay Singh
1999 Tiger Woods
2000‡ Tiger Woods†
2001 David Toms
2002 Rich Beem
2003 Shaun Micheel
2004 Vijay Singh†
2005 Phil Mickelson
2006 Tiger Woods
2007 Tiger Woods
2008 Pádraig Harrington
2009 Y. E. Yang
2010 Martin Kaymer†
2011 Keegan Bradley†
2012 Rory McIlroy
2013 Jason Dufner
2014 Rory McIlroy
2015 Jason Day
2016 Jimmy Walker
2017 Justin Thomas
† indicates the event was won in a playoff; ‡ indicates the event was won wire-to-wire
[show]
Payne Stewart in the Ryder Cup
[show]
v
t
e
United States Ryder Cup team – 1987
Andy Bean
Mark Calcavecchia
Ben Crenshaw
Tom Kite
Larry Mize
Larry Nelson
Dan Pohl
Scott Simpson
Payne Stewart
Curtis Strange
Hal Sutton
Lanny Wadkins
Jack Nicklaus (non-playing captain)
Lost: 13 – 15
[show]
v
t
e
United States Ryder Cup team – 1989
Paul Azinger
Chip Beck
Mark Calcavecchia
Fred Couples
Ken Green
Tom Kite
Mark McCumber
Mark O'Meara
Payne Stewart
Curtis Strange
Lanny Wadkins
Tom Watson
Raymond Floyd (non-playing captain)
Tied: 14 – 14
[show]
v
t
e
United States Ryder Cup team – 1991
Paul Azinger
Chip Beck
Mark Calcavecchia
Fred Couples
Raymond Floyd
Hale Irwin
Wayne Levi
Mark O'Meara
Steve Pate
Corey Pavin
Payne Stewart
Lanny Wadkins
Dave Stockton (non-playing captain)
Won: 14.5 – 13.5
[show]
v
t
e
United States Ryder Cup team – 1993
Paul Azinger
Chip Beck
John Cook
Fred Couples
Raymond Floyd
Jim Gallagher, Jr.
Lee Janzen
Tom Kite
Davis Love III
Corey Pavin
Payne Stewart
Lanny Wadkins
Tom Watson (non-playing captain)
Won: 15 – 13
[show]
v
t
e
United States Ryder Cup team – 1999
David Duval
Jim Furyk
Tom Lehman
Justin Leonard
Davis Love III
Jeff Maggert
Phil Mickelson
Mark O'Meara
Steve Pate
Payne Stewart
Hal Sutton
Tiger Woods
Ben Crenshaw (non-playing captain)
Won: 14.5 – 13.5
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 40608032
LCCN: n00086553
SUDOC: 082119686
NDL: 00838425
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Payne_Stewart&oldid=802455689"
Categories:
American male golfers
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We Were Soldiers
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
We Were Soldiers
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Randall Wallace
Produced by
Bruce Davey
Stephen McEveety
Randall Wallace
Screenplay by
Randall Wallace
Based on
We Were Soldiers Once… And Young
by Hal Moore
and Joseph L. Galloway
Starring
Mel Gibson
Madeleine Stowe
Greg Kinnear
Sam Elliott
Chris Klein
Keri Russell
Barry Pepper
Music by
Nick Glennie-Smith
Cinematography
Dean Semler
Edited by
William Hoy
Production
company
Icon Productions
Wheelhouse Entertainment
Distributed by
Paramount Pictures
Release date
March 1, 2002 (2002-03-01)
Running time
138 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Germany
Language
English
Vietnamese
French
Budget
$75 million
Box office
$115 million[2]
We Were Soldiers is a 2002 American war film that dramatizes the Battle of Ia Drang on November 14, 1965. The film was directed by Randall Wallace and stars Mel Gibson. It is based on the book We Were Soldiers Once… And Young (1992) by Lieutenant General (Ret.) Hal Moore and reporter Joseph L. Galloway, both of whom were at the battle.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Adaptation from source material
4 Reception
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
A French unit on patrol in Vietnam in 1954, during the final year of the First Indochina War, is ambushed by Viet Minh forces, probably the Battle of Mang Yang Pass. Viet Minh commander Nguyen Huu An orders his soldiers to "kill all they send, and they will stop coming".
Eleven years later, the United States is fighting the Vietnam War. U.S. Army Lieutenant Colonel Hal Moore (Mel Gibson) is chosen to train and lead a battalion. After arriving in Vietnam, he learns that an American base has been attacked, and is ordered to take his 400 men after the enemy and eliminate the North Vietnamese attackers, despite the fact that intelligence has no idea of the number of enemy troops. As the haunting lament "Sgt. MacKenzie" plays, Moore leads a newly created air cavalry unit into the Ia Drang Valley. After landing in the "Valley of Death", the soldiers learn that the location they were sent to is actually the base camp for a veteran North Vietnamese army division of 4,000 men.
Upon arrival in the area with a platoon of soldiers, 2nd Lt. Henry Herrick spots an enemy scout, runs after him, and orders reluctant soldiers to follow. The North Vietnamese scout lures them into an ambush, resulting in several men being killed, including Lt. Herrick and his subordinates. The surviving platoon members are surrounded with no chance of retreat. Sgt. Savage assumes command, calls in artillery, and uses the cover of night to keep the Vietnamese from overrunning their small defensive position. Meanwhile, with helicopters constantly dropping off units, Lt. Col. Moore manages to secure weak points before the North Vietnamese can take advantage of them.
On the second day, despite being trapped and desperately outnumbered, the main U.S. force manages to hold off the North Vietnamese with artillery, mortars, and helicopter airlifts of supplies and reinforcements. Eventually, North Vietnamese commander Nguyen Huu An orders a large-scale attack on the American position.
At the point of being overrun by the enemy and with no options left, Moore orders 1st Lt. Charlie Hastings, his Forward Air Controller, to call in "Broken Arrow" (a call for all available combat aircraft to assist and attack enemy positions, even those close to the U.S. troops' position, because a position is being overrun and can no longer be defended).[3] The aircraft attack with bombs, napalm, and machine guns, killing many PAVN and Viet Cong troops; but a friendly fire incident results in American deaths. The second North Vietnamese attack is repelled, and the surviving U.S. soldiers, led by Sgt. Savage, are rescued.
Meanwhile, back in the United States, Julia Moore (Madeleine Stowe) has become the leader of the American wives living on the base. When the Army begins to use yellow cab drivers to deliver telegrams notifying the next of kin of soldiers' deaths in combat, Julia personally assumes that emotional responsibility instead.
Moore's troops regroup, secure the area, and stop at the base of a hill. The North Vietnamese commander plans a final assault on the Americans and sends most of his troops to carry out the attack. The North Vietnamese have set up strong emplacements near the hidden entrance of the underground passage to the command post, spoken of by the scout. Hal and his men charge at them, but before the North Vietnamese can fire, Major Bruce "Snake" Crandall and others in helicopter gunships attack the North Vietnamese, destroying the bulk of the enemy force.
Nguyen Huu An, the North Vietnamese Commander, is alerted that the Americans have broken through their lines, and there are no soldiers between the Americans and their command post. Since the Commander had deployed his reserve forces to a final offensive, and the base camp has no troops to call upon for defense, the North Vietnamese commander quickly orders the headquarters evacuated.
Moore, having achieved his objective, returns to the helicopter landing zone to be picked up. Only after everyone (including the dead and wounded) is removed from the battlefield does he fly out of the valley.
At the end of the film, it is revealed that the landing zone immediately reverted to North Vietnamese hands after the American troops were airlifted out. Hal Moore continued the battle in a different landing zone, and after nearly a year he returns home safely to Julia and his family. His superiors congratulate him for killing over 1,800 North Vietnamese Army and Viet Cong soldiers. An older Moore visits the Vietnam War memorial and sees the names of soldiers who fell at Ia Drang.
Cast[edit]
Mel Gibson as Lieutenant Colonel/Colonel Hal Moore
Madeleine Stowe as Julia Moore
Greg Kinnear as Major Bruce P. Crandall
Sam Elliott as Sergeant Major Basil L. Plumley
Chris Klein as 2nd Lieutenant Jack Geoghegan
Luke Benward as David Moore
Taylor Momsen as Julie Moore
Devon Werkheiser as Steve Moore
Keri Russell as Barbara Geoghegan
Barry Pepper as Joe Galloway
Mark McCracken as Captain Ed "Too Tall" Freeman
Đơn Dương as NVA Lieutenant Colonel Nguyễn Hữu An
Ryan Hurst as Sergeant Ernie Savage
Marc Blucas as 2nd Lieutenant Henry Herrick
Jsu Garcia as Captain Tony Nadal
Jon Hamm as Captain Matt Dillon
Clark Gregg as Captain Tom Metsker
Blake Heron as Sp4. Galen Bungum
Desmond Harrington as Sp4. Bill Beck
Brian Tee as Pfc. Jimmy Nakayama
Robert Bagnell as 1st Lieutenant Charlie Hastings, USAF
Bellamy Young as Catherine LaPlante Metsker
Adaptation from source material[edit]
In the source book We Were Soldiers Once… And Young, Hal Moore complains that "Every damn Hollywood movie got it wrong"; director Randall Wallace has said he was inspired by this comment and became "determined to get it right this time".
The film's final version, though getting many of the facts of the book presented onto film, is not entirely a historically accurate portrayal of the battle, nor is it entirely faithful to the book. For instance, the film depicts a heroic charge under the command of Lt. Col. Hal Moore at the end of the battle that destroys the Vietnamese reserve, ending the battle in an American victory (a fact that director Randall Wallace noted in the DVD commentary[4]); in fact, there was no heroic final charge in the book, nor were the North Vietnamese forces destroyed, though the American commander Moore reported 834 enemy bodies and 1215 estimated KIA (one-third of the enemy force)[5] while the US forces were reduced by 72 out of 395, with 18% fatal casualties. Lt. Col. Nguyen Huu An, the Vietnamese commander, did not see the conclusion at LZ X-Ray as the end of combat, and the Battle of Ia Drang continued the next day with combat action at LZ Albany where the 2/7th, with A Company 1/5th, found themselves in a fight for their lives against Lt. Col. Nguyen Huu An's reserve.
Finally, as the movie notes in a voice over by Joe Galloway (Barry Pepper), the battle continued for over 235 more days.
There are many additional historical differences between the book and the movie, presumably made to shorten the length of the movie. Some differences not shown would have demonstrated how desperate the American situation at Ia Drang was. For example, the seriousness of the overrun of C Company under the command of Capt. Robert Edwards and the repulse of the final major North Vietnamese push at LZ X-Ray on the former C Company line, which was then held by B Company 2/7th under the command of Capt. Myron Diduryk, the Ukrainian captain who Col. Moore (Mel Gibson) seems to claim is attached to the 1/7th. Also incorrect is the act of Capt. Ramon Nadal pushing forward and rescuing the stranded platoon of Lt. Henry Herrick, which according to the book was actually done not by one company of the 1/7th, but rather by two companies of the 2/5th as well as B Company 1/7th.
Despite the aforementioned differences from the book and departures from historical accuracy, Gen. Moore states in a documentary included in the video versions that this film is the first one "to get it right".[6]
Reception[edit]
The film received mostly positive reviews.[7] Roger Ebert, writing for the Chicago Sun-Times, gave the movie 3.5 stars out of 4, and praised the movie's truthful and realistic battle scenes and how the movie follows the characters.
"Black Hawk Down" was criticized because the characters seemed hard to tell apart. "We Were Soldiers" doesn't have that problem; in the Hollywood tradition it identifies a few key players, casts them with stars, and follows their stories.[8]
Lisa Schwarzbaum, from Entertainment Weekly, gave the movie a B and noted the film's fair treatment of both sides.
The writer-director bestows honor – generously, apolitically – not only on the dead and still living American veterans who fought in Ia Drang, but also on their families, on their Vietnamese adversaries, and on the families of their adversaries too. Rarely has a foe been portrayed with such measured respect for a separate reality, which should come as a relief to critics (I'm one) of the enemy's facelessness in Black Hawk Down; vignettes of gallantry among Vietnamese soldiers and such humanizing visual details as a Vietnamese sweetheart's photograph left behind in no way interfere with the primary, rousing saga of a fine American leader who kept his promise to his men to "leave no one behind dead or alive.[9]
David Sterritt, from the Christian Science Monitor, criticized the movie for giving a more positive image of the Vietnam War that, in his opinion, did not concur with reality.
The films about Vietnam that most Americans remember are positively soaked in physical and emotional torment – from "Platoon," with its grunt's-eye view of combat, to "Apocalypse Now," with its exploration of war's dehumanizing insanity. Today, the pendulum has swung back again. If filmmakers with politically twisted knives once sliced away guts-and-glory clichés, their current equivalents hack away all meaningful concern with moral and political questions. "We Were Soldiers" is shameless in this regard, filling the screen with square-jawed officers who weep at carnage and fresh-faced GIs who use their last breaths to intone things like, "I'm glad I died for my country.[10]
Todd McCarthy, from Variety, said the film "presents the fighting realistically, violently and relatively coherently given the chaotic circumstances..." McCarthy further said, "Mel Gibson has the closest thing to a John Wayne part that anyone's played since the Duke himself rode into the sunset, and he plays it damn well." He summarized with, "Gibson's performance anchors the film with commanding star power to burn. This officer truly loves his men, and the credibility with which the actor is able to express Moore's leadership qualities as well as his sensitive side is genuinely impressive."[11]
Hal Moore, who had long been critical of many Vietnam War films for their negative portrayals of American servicemen, publicly expressed approval of the film and is featured in segments of the DVD. Some soldiers were less pleased: Retired Col Rick Rescorla, who played an important role in the book and was pictured on the cover (and later died in the September 11 attacks), was disappointed, after reading the script, to learn that he and his unit had been written out of the movie. In one key incident, the finding of a vintage French bugle on a dying Vietnamese soldier, the English-born Rescorla is replaced by a nameless Welsh platoon leader.[12][13][14][15][16]
See also[edit]
1st Cavalry Division
Ed Freeman
Sgt. MacKenzie
Basil L. Plumley
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "WE WERE SOLDIERS (15)". British Board of Film Classification. February 12, 2002. Retrieved 2012-09-29.
Jump up ^ "We Were Soldiers". IMDB. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ Definition of "Broken Arrow" in Wiktionary
Jump up ^ "We Were Soldiers Once - Director's commentary". Retrieved September 6, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Colonel Hieu and LTC Hal Moore re: LZ X-Ray After Action Report (m)".
Jump up ^ "Getting It Right: Behind the scenes of We Were Soldiers, Bonus Feature". We Were Soldiers (Blu-Ray ed.). Retrieved 6 September 2010.
Jump up ^ "We Were Soldiers". Metacritic. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ "We Were Soldiers". Chicago Sun-Times. March 1, 2002.
Jump up ^ Schwarzbaum, Lisa (February 28, 2002). "We Were Soldiers". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2009-08-03.
Jump up ^ Sterritt, David (March 1, 2002). "A fake picture of war's stark reality". Christian Science Monitor.
Jump up ^ McCarthy, Todd (February 22, 2002). "We Were Soldiers". Variety. Retrieved March 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ Stewart, James B. (2002). Heart of a Soldier. Simon & Schuster: New York, p. 236.
Jump up ^ Maslin, Janet (November 20, 2002). "BOOKS OF THE TIMES; One Last Act of Bravery For an Intrepid Adventurer". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ "Rick Rescorla Memorial".
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ "DHS names citizen resilience award in memory of Rick Rescorla". Government Security News.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: We Were Soldiers
We Were Soldiers on IMDb
We Were Soldiers at AllMovie
We Were Soldiers at the TCM Movie Database
We Were Soldiers at the American Film Institute Catalog
We Were Soldiers at Box Office Mojo
We Were Soldiers at Rotten Tomatoes
We Were Soldiers at Metacritic
[hide]
v
t
e
Films by Randall Wallace
Director
The Man in the Iron Mask (1998)
We Were Soldiers (2002)
Secretariat (2010)
Heaven Is for Real (2014)
Producer
The Man in the Iron Mask (1998)
Pearl Harbor (executive producer, 2001)
We Were Soldiers (2002)
Writer
Braveheart (1995)
The Man in the Iron Mask (1998)
Pearl Harbor (2001)
We Were Soldiers (2002)
Hacksaw Ridge (2016)
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This page was last edited on 20 February 2018, at 11:09.
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