text:
Seal of New Mexico
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Great Seal of the
State of New Mexico
Details
Armiger
State of New Mexico
Adopted
1913[1]
Motto
Crescit Eundo
(It grows as it goes)
The Great Seal of the State of New Mexico is the official seal of the U.S. State of New Mexico and was adopted in 1913.
Contents
[hide]
1 Design
1.1 Motto
2 Historical evolution
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Design[edit]
When New Mexico became a state in 1912, the Legislature named a Commission for the purpose of designing a state seal. In June 1913, the Commission, which consisted of Governor William C. McDonald, Attorney General Frank W. Clancy, Chief Justice Clarence J. Roberts and Secretary of State Antonio Lucero, filed its report adopting the general design of the Territorial Seal, substituting only the date 1912. That seal is still in use today as the official seal of New Mexico.
The official act of the legislature reads:
The coat of arms of the state shall be the Mexican eagle grasping a serpent in its beak, the cactus in its talons, shielded by the American eagle with outspread wings, and grasping arrows in its talons; the date 1912 under the eagles and, on a scroll, the motto: "Crescit Eundo." The great seal of the state shall be a disc bearing the coat of arms and having around the edge the words "Great Seal of the State of New Mexico.
The Mexican eagle and the American bald eagle. New Mexico was settled by Spanish colonists as part of New Spain, and was later part of Mexico. As such, symbols and customs of Mexico grew up in New Mexico as well. The Mexican eagle grasps a snake in its beak and cactus in its talons, portraying an ancient Aztec myth. Mexico adopted this symbolic image when it was under Spanish administration, and New Mexico identified with it as well. On the seal, it symbolizes that New Mexico still holds on to its Spanish, Mexican and Native American traditions. The Mexican eagle is small and shielded by the larger American eagle, which grasps arrows in its talons, its wings outstretched with its watchful eyes guarding the Mexican eagle. This configuration is meant to show the change of sovereignty in 1846 between Mexico and the United States. It also symbolizes America's dominant yet delicate protection of New Mexico and its heritage and culture.
1912. Originally, New Mexico's territorial seal was engraved with MDCCCL (1850 in Roman numerals) to commemorate the date New Mexico was organized as a territory. But after it was admitted as a state, the commission decided that that was a better date to use on the seal. They decided against using Roman numerals, believing it was too pretentious.
Great Seal of the State of New Mexico. No one is quite sure who came up with the term, but it appeared on New Mexico's first state seal, and was added to the seal adopted in 1913, untouched - with the small exception of changing the word "Territory" to "State".
Motto[edit]
The official motto of New Mexico is Crescit eundo. Translated from Latin, it means "It grows as it goes" and has been criticized for appearing strange or even nonsensical at first hearing. However, the intended effect is more clear if one considers it within the context of its source in the epic poem De Rerum Natura (On the Nature of Things) by first-century B.C. Latin poet Lucretius. Here, it refers to a thunderbolt increasing in strength as it moves across the sky, referenced by the selectors of the motto as a symbol of dynamic progress.
The motto was first used in 1882, when acting Territorial Secretary William G. Ritch added the Latin phrase "Crescit eundo" to an early 1860s version of the territorial seal. In 1887, Ritch's version of the seal, including the words "Crescit eundo," was adopted by the legislature as part of the official New Mexico Territory seal and coat of arms. When New Mexico became a state in 1912, the Legislature appointed a commission to settle on a design for an official state seal. As it turned out, the commission recommended the territorial seal to be continued as the state seal, including the words "Crescit eundo" which were then adopted as the official state motto.
Historical evolution[edit]
New Mexico's first seal was designed shortly after the organization of the Territorial Government, in 1851. The original seal has long since disappeared, possibly as part of the artifacts placed into the cornerstone of the Soldiers' Monument in the Santa Fe Plaza. Imprints of the original seal show it consisted of the American eagle, clutching an olive branch in one talon and three arrows in the other. Along the outside rim was the inscription "Great Seal of the Territory of New Mexico".
In the early 1860s an unknown official adopted a new seal, using a design similar to today's Great Seal. It featured the American bald eagle, its outstretched wings shielding a smaller Mexican eagle. The outside rim of the seal contained the words "Territory of New Mexico," with the date of 1850 along the bottom in Roman numerals.
In 1882, Territorial Secretary W.G. Ritch embellished the earlier design with the phrase "Crescit Eundo." This version was liked so much it was adopted as New Mexico's "official seal and coat of arms" by the Territorial Legislature in 1887. Ritch had no apparent motive for the change, but it fit well.
In the year and half it took the Commission to decide to adopt the State Seal New Mexico uses today, the Legislature authorized interim use of the Territorial Seal with the words "Great Seal of the State of New Mexico" substituted.
New Mexico's seal evolved over time with people adding symbolic pieces to it as they went along, much like the growth of the state itself, or even the Latin motto now adorning the seal "It grows as it goes." It was and is a work in progress, growing as it goes, just like the State it represents.
See also[edit]
New Mexico portal
State of New Mexico
Symbols of the State of New Mexico
Flag of New Mexico
Coat of arms of Mexico
References[edit]
Jump up ^ New Mexico Secretary of State - Great Seal of New Mexico
External links[edit]
The Great Seal of the State of New Mexico
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text:
Deportee (Plane Wreck at Los Gatos)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"Deportee (Plane Wreck at Los Gatos)"
Song by Woody Guthrie
Written
1948 (1948)
Genre
Protest song
Composer(s)
Martin Hoffman
Lyricist(s)
Woody Guthrie
"Deportee (Plane Wreck at Los Gatos)" is a protest song with lyrics by Woody Guthrie and music by Martin Hoffman detailing the January 28, 1948 crash of a plane near Los Gatos Canyon,[1] 20 miles (32 km) west of Coalinga in Fresno County, California, United States.[2][3] The crash occurred in Los Gatos Canyon and not in the town of Los Gatos itself, which is in Santa Clara County, approximately 150 miles away. Guthrie was inspired to write the song by what he considered the racist mistreatment of the passengers before and after the accident.[1] The crash resulted in the deaths of 32 people, 4 Americans and 28 migrant farm workers who were being deported from California back to Mexico.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Recordings
3 Notes
4 External links
History[edit]
The genesis of the song reportedly occurred when Guthrie was struck by the fact that radio and newspaper coverage of the Los Gatos plane crash did not give the victims' names, but instead referred to them merely as "deportees."[2] For example, none of the deportees' names were printed in the January 29, 1948, New York Times report, only those of the flight crew and the security guard.[3][4] However, The Fresno Bee covered the tragedy extensively and listed all of the known names of the deportees.[5] Guthrie, whose image was that of a train-hopping folk singer, actually lived in New York City at the time.[5] Not knowing about the extensive local coverage of the disaster,[5] Guthrie responded with a poem, which, when it was first written, featured only rudimentary musical accompaniment, with Guthrie chanting the song rather than singing it.[1] In the poem, Guthrie assigned symbolic names to the dead: "Goodbye to my Juan, goodbye Rosalita; adiós, mis amigos, Jesús y María..."[6] A decade later, Guthrie's poem was set to music and given a haunting melody by a schoolteacher named Martin Hoffman.[2] Shortly after, folk singer and friend of Woody Guthrie, Pete Seeger, began performing the song at concerts and it was Seeger's rendition that popularized the song during this time.[2]
Woody Guthrie.
It has been suggested by the Three Rocks Research website that, in fact, "Deportee (Plane Wreck at Los Gatos)" betrays Woody Guthrie's lack of understanding regarding the Bracero Program.[3] (Though arguably this is addressed in the lines "Some of us are illegal, and some are not wanted, Our work contract's out and we have to move on.") The program was a series of laws and diplomatic agreements created by the U.S. Congress in 1942, that permitted Mexican farm laborers (or braceros) to work in the United States due to the severe labor shortages caused by World War II. Under the terms of the program, the labor contractors were expected to provide transportation to and from the Mexican border, with the U.S. Immigration Service being required to repatriate the Mexican citizens if the contractor defaulted.[3] As such, the "deportation" of braceros in this fashion was simply a way of meeting the obligations of the program—although some newspapers, e.g., the New York Times, did refer to the braceros as "deportees".[3] However, it could be argued that Guthrie's song is less about the Bracero Program itself and more a comment on the attitude of American society and the media towards the Mexican farm laborers.
In addition to being a lament for the braceros killed in the crash, the opening lines of "Deportee (Plane Wreck at Los Gatos)":
The crops are all in and the peaches are rott'ning,
The oranges piled in their creosote dumps."[6]
are another protest by Guthrie. At the time, government policies paid farmers to destroy their crops in order to keep farm production and prices high.[7] Guthrie felt that it was wrong to render food inedible by poisoning it in a world where hungry people lived.
"Deportee (Plane Wreck at Los Gatos)" has been described by journalist Joe Klein as "the last great song he [Guthrie] would write, a memorial to the nameless migrants "all scattered like dry leaves" in Los Gatos Canyon."[1] The song has been recorded many times, often under a variety of other titles, including "Deportees", "Ballad of the Deportees", "Deportee Song", "Plane Crash at Los Gatos" and "Plane Wreck at Los Gatos (Deportee)".
Recordings[edit]
This section may contain indiscriminate, excessive, or irrelevant examples. Please improve the article by adding more descriptive text and removing less pertinent examples. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for further suggestions.
The song has been recorded by many artists, including:
James Talley on "Woody Guthrie and Songs of my Oklahoma Home" recorded 1994 released 1999
Dave Guard and the Whiskey Hill Singers (featuring Judy Henske) on Dave Guard and the Whiskey Hill Singers (1962).
The Kingston Trio on Time To Think (1963).
Cisco Houston on Cisco Sings the Songs of Woody Guthrie (1963).
Judy Collins on Judy Collins #3 (1964), and the live album A Tribute to Woody Guthrie (1972).
Odetta on album Odetta Sings of Many Things (1964).
Julie Felix on her first album Julie Felix (1964).
The Brothers Four on Sing of Our Times (1964)
The Byrds on the Ballad of Easy Rider (1969).
Joan Baez on Blessed Are... (1971) and live on Bowery Songs (2004).
Paddy Reilly on The Life of Paddy Reilly (1971).
Nana Mouskouri in a French translation with title "Adieu mes amis" on Le Tournesol (1970).
The Bergerfolk on The Bergerfolk Sing For Joy, Smithsonian Folkways Recordings (1973).
Barbara Dane on I Hate the Capitalist System (1973).
Arlo Guthrie on Arlo Guthrie (1974) and with Pete Seeger on Arlo Guthrie and Pete Seeger: Together in Concert (1975).
Bob Dylan and Joan Baez during the 2nd Part of the Rolling Thunder Revue (1976).
David Carradine on Bound for Glory (motion picture soundtrack) (1976).
Max Boyce on The Road and the Miles (1977).
Dolly Parton on 9 to 5 and Odd Jobs (1980).
Sweet Honey in the Rock on The Other Side (1985).
Christy Moore on, The Spirit of Freedom (1985).
The Highwaymen, with Johnny Rodriguez, on Highwayman (1985).
Christina Lindberg on Stanna stanna (1985), in as "Flyktingarna" ("The Refugees") with lyrics by Martin Hoffman.[8]
Hoyt Axton on Hard Travelin' (1986).
Rory McLeod on Woody Lives!' (1987).
Gene Clark on So Rebellious a Lover (1987), with Carla Olson.
Peter, Paul and Mary on Lifelines (1995) and Lifelines Live (1996).
Concrete Blonde on Concrete Blonde y Los Illegals (1997).
Nanci Griffith with an ensemble including Lucinda Williams, Tish Hinojosa, Odetta, Steve Earle, and John Stewart on Other Voices, Too (A Trip Back to Bountiful) (1998).
Los Super Seven on Los Super Seven (1998).
Svante Karlsson on American Songs as "Deportees (Plane Wreck at Los Gatos/Goodbye Juan)" (1999).
Bruce Springsteen on 'Til We Outnumber 'Em (2000).
Ox on Dust Bowl Revival (2003).
Derek Warfield and the Wolfe Tones on 50 Great Irish Rebel Songs and Ballads (2005).
Joe Jencks Rise As One (2005).
The Battlefield Band on The Road of Tears (2006).
Billy Bragg on Talking with the Taxman about Poetry extended edition (2006).
Roy Brown Ramírez, Tito Auger, and Tao Rodríguez-Seeger on Que Vaya Bien (2006; in Spanish).
Richard Shindell on, South of Delia (2007).
Old Crow Medicine Show on Song of America (2007).
Joel Rafael on "Joel Rafael The Songs of Woody Guthrie Vol. 1 & 2" (2008).
John Stewart "Illegals/Deportee Medley" on Secret Tapes 1984-87 (2009).
Tim Broadbent on "Crisis" (2011).
Dan Bern on Live in New York (2011).
Outernational and Tom Morello: The Nightwatchman on Todos Somos Ilegales (2011).
Deacon Blue on The Rest (2012).
KT Tunstall as part of ONE's agit8 campaign (2013).
Tim Z. Hernandez with Lance Canales & the Flood as a single (2013).
Tish Hinojosa in After the Fair (2013; in Spanish).
The Last Internationale on "This Bootleg Kills... Vol. 1" (2015).
Lance Canales on The Blessing And The Curse (2015).[9]
Sneezy Waters and his Very Fine Band on Live (2017).
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Klein, Joe. (1999). Woody Guthrie: A Life. Delta. ISBN 0-385-33385-4.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "60th anniversary of "Plane Wreck at Los Gatos (Deportee)"". Indybay. Retrieved 2009-10-16.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "DC3 Aircraft Crash Site in Los Gatos Canyon". Three Rocks Research. Archived from the original on 2014-03-20. Retrieved 2009-10-16.
Jump up ^ "Los Gatos Canyon Plane Crash, Fresno County, California". Eastern Mojave Vegetation. Retrieved 2009-10-16.
^ Jump up to: a b c Kulczyk, David (2009). Death in California – The Bizarre, Freakish, and Just Curious Ways People Die in the Golden State. Fresno, CA: Craven Street Books. p. 80. ISBN 978-1-884995-57-6.
^ Jump up to: a b "Deeportee (Plane Wreck at Los gatos) lyrics". The Official Woody Guthrie Website. Retrieved 2009-09-27.
Jump up ^ "Mark Hammond: Chapel Talk" (PDF). The Irene DuPont Library. Retrieved 2009-10-16. [dead link]
Jump up ^ "Svensk mediedatabas". Retrieved 16 June 2011.
Jump up ^ from an interview on Americana Music Show #273, published November 17, 2015
External links[edit]
Deportee (Plane Wreck at Los Gatos) song lyrics at woodyguthrie.org
Check-Six.com - The "Plane Wreck at Los Gatos" Canyon (includes full passenger and crew list)
All They Will Call You by Tim Z. Hernandez a book about the crash
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deportee_(Plane_Wreck_at_Los_Gatos)&oldid=845561667"
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Deportation
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This page was last edited on 12 June 2018, at 15:55 (UTC).
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values: Deportee (Plane Wreck at Los Gatos) – Portuguese

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