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First Geneva Convention
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The first-ever Geneva Convention governing the sick and wounded members of armed forces was signed in Geneva in 1864.
The First Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field, held on 22 August 1864, is the first of four treaties of the Geneva Conventions. It defines "the basis on which rest the rules of international law for the protection of the victims of armed conflicts."[1] After the first treaty was adopted in 1864, it was significantly revised and replaced in 1906, 1929, and finally 1949. It is inextricably linked to the International Committee of the Red Cross, which is both the instigator for the inception and enforcer of the articles in these conventions.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Summary of provisions
3 See also
4 References
5 Further reading
6 External links
History[edit]
Henry Dunant
The 1864 Geneva Convention was instituted at a critical period in European political and military history. Elsewhere, the American Civil War had been raging since 1861 (starting with the Battle of Fort Sumter), and would ultimately claim between 750,000–900,000 lives. Between the fall of the first Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 and the rise of his nephew in the Italian campaign of 1859, the powers had maintained peace in western Europe.[2] Yet, with the 1853–1856 conflict in the Crimea, war had returned to Europe, and while those troubles were "in a distant and inaccessible region" northern Italy was "so accessible from all parts of western Europe that it instantly filled with curious observers;" while the bloodshed was not excessive the sight of it was unfamiliar and shocking.[2] Despite its intent of ameliorating the ravages of war, the inception of the 1864 Geneva Convention inaugurated "a renewal of military activity on a large scale, to which the people of western Europe…had not been accustomed since the first Napoleon had been eliminated."[2]
The movement for an international set of laws governing the treatment and care for the wounded and prisoners of war began when relief activist Henri Dunant witnessed the Battle of Solferino in 1859, fought between French-Piedmontese and Austrian armies in Northern Italy.[3] The subsequent suffering of 40,000 wounded soldiers left on the field due to lack of facilities, personnel, and truces to give them medical aid moved Dunant into action. Upon return to Geneva, Dunant published his account Un Souvenir de Solferino[4] and, through his membership in the Geneva Society for Public Welfare, he urged the calling together of an international conference and soon helped found the International Committee of the Red Cross in 1863.[5]
The signing of the first-ever Geneva Convention by some of the major European powers in 1864.
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), while recognising that it is "primarily the duty and responsibility of a nation to safeguard the health and physical well-being of its own people", knew there would always, especially in times of war, be a "need for voluntary agencies to supplement…the official agencies charged with these responsibilities in every country."[6] To ensure that its mission was widely accepted, it required a body of rules to govern its own activities and those of the involved belligerent parties.
On 22 August 1864, several European states congregated in Geneva, Switzerland, and signed the Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field:[7]
Grand Duchy of Baden
Kingdom of Belgium
Kingdom of Denmark
Second French Empire
Grand Duchy of Hesse
Kingdom of Italy
Kingdom of the Netherlands
Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves
Kingdom of Prussia
Switzerland
Kingdom of Spain
Kingdom of Württemberg
United Kingdom of Norway and Sweden signed in December.[citation needed]
It "derived its obligatory force from the implied consent of the states which accepted and applied them in the conduct of their military operations."[2] Despite its basic mandates, listed below, it was successful in effecting significant and rapid reforms. This first effort provided only for:[8]
the immunity from capture and destruction of all establishments for the treatment of wounded and sick soldiers,
the impartial reception and treatment of all combatants,
the protection of civilians providing aid to the wounded, and
the recognition of the Red Cross symbol as a means of identifying persons and equipment covered by the agreement.
Due to significant ambiguities in the articles with certain terms and concepts and even more so to the rapidly developing nature of war and military technology, the original articles had to be revised and expanded, largely at the Second Geneva Conference in 1906 and Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 which extended the articles to maritime warfare.[9] The 1906 version was updated and replaced by the 1929 version when minor modifications were made to it. It was again updated and replaced by the 1949 version, better known as the Final Act of Geneva Conference, 1949.[10] However, as Jean S. Pictet, Director of the International Committee of the Red Cross, noted in 1951, "the law, however, always lags behind charity; it is tardy in conforming with life's realities and the needs of humankind", as such it is the duty of the Red Cross "to assist in the widening the scope of law, on the assumption that…law will retain its value", principally through the revision and expansion of these basic principles of the original Geneva Convention.[1]
Summary of provisions[edit]
Parties to GC I–IV and P I–III
Parties to GC I–IV and P I–II
Parties to GC I–IV and P I and III
Parties to GC I–IV and P I
Parties to GC I–IV and P III
Parties to GC I–IV and no P
The original ten articles of the 1864 treaty[7] have been expanded to the current 64 articles. This lengthy treaty protects soldiers that are hors de combat (out of the battle due to sickness or injury), as well as medical and religious personnel, and civilians in the zone of battle. Among its principal provisions:
Article 12 mandates that wounded and sick soldiers who are out of the battle should be humanely treated, and in particular should not be killed, injured, tortured, or subjected to biological experimentation. This article is the keystone of the treaty, and defines the principles from which most of the treaty is derived,[11] including the obligation to respect medical units and establishments (Chapter III), the personnel entrusted with the care of the wounded (Chapter IV), buildings and material (Chapter V), medical transports (Chapter VI), and the protective sign (Chapter VII).
Article 15 mandates that wounded and sick soldiers should be collected, cared for, and protected, though they may also become prisoners of war.
Article 16 mandates that parties to the conflict should record the identity of the dead and wounded, and transmit this information to the opposing party.
Article 9 allows the International Red Cross "or any other impartial humanitarian organization" to provide protection and relief of wounded and sick soldiers, as well as medical and religious personnel.
For a detailed discussion of each article of the treaty, see the original text[12] and the commentary.[11] There are currently 196 countries party to the 1949 Geneva Conventions, including this first treaty but also including the other three.[13]
See also[edit]
Geneva Conventions
International Committee of the Red Cross
International humanitarian law
List of parties to the Geneva Conventions
Saint Petersburg Declaration of 1868
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Pictet, Jean S. (1951), "The New Geneva Conventions for the Protection of War Victims", The American Journal of International Law, 45 (3): 462–475, doi:10.2307/2194544
^ Jump up to: a b c d Davis, George B. (1907), "The Geneva Convention of 1906", The American Journal of International Law, 1 (2): 400+
Jump up ^ Baxter, Richard (1977), "Human Rights in War", Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 31 (2): 5
Jump up ^ See Dunant, Henri (1862), Un Souvenir de Solferino (1 ed.), Geneve: Jules Fick
Jump up ^ Sperry, C.S. (1906), "The Revision of the Geneva Convention, 1906", Proceedings of the American Political Science Association, 3: 33, doi:10.2307/3038537
Jump up ^ Anderson, Chandler P. (1920), "The International Red Cross Organization", The American Journal of International Law, 14 (1): 210, doi:10.2307/2187844
^ Jump up to: a b "Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field. Geneva, 22 August 1864". Geneva, Switzerland: International Committee of the Red Cross ICRC. Retrieved 2017-06-11.
Jump up ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, s.v. "Geneva Conventions", http://search.eb.com/ (accessed 10 March 2009).
Jump up ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, "Geneva Conventions".
Jump up ^ "Final Act of the Diplomatic Conference of Geneva, 12 August 1949". Geneva, Switzerland: International Committee of the Red Cross ICRC. Retrieved 2017-06-11.
^ Jump up to: a b Pictet, Jean (1958). Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949: Commentary. International Committee of the Red Cross. Retrieved 20 November 2009.
Jump up ^ "Convention (I) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field. Geneva, 12 August 1949". Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved 2017-06-11.
Jump up ^ "States party to the main treaties". The American National Red Cross. Retrieved 5 December 2009.
Further reading[edit]
Chandler P. Anderson, "International Red Cross Organization", The American Journal of International Law, 1920
Richard Baxter, "Human Rights in War", Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1977
George B. Davis, "The Geneva Convention", The American Journal of International Law, 1907
Jean S. Pictet, "The New Geneva Conventions for the Protection of War Victims", The American Journal of International Law, 1951
Francis Lieber, "INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES IN THE FIELD", Lincoln General Orders, 24 April 1863.
External links[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
First Geneva Convention
Facsimile of the original document
150 years of the 1864 Geneva Convention – 150 years of humanitarian action
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Per capita income by county
There are 3,144 counties and county-equivalents in the United States. The source of the data is the U.S. Census Bureau and the data is current as of the indicated year. Independent cities are considered county-equivalent by the Census Bureau.
Contents
[hide]
1 Summary
2 Median household income
2.1 American Community Survey
2.2 2010 Census
2.3 2000 Census
3 Per capita income
3.1 2010 Census
3.2 2000 Census
4 Highest-income counties and places by state
5 See also
6 Notes and references
Summary[edit]
Before the American Civil War, the wealthiest counties were primarily located in Louisiana and Mississippi.[1]
The Loudoun County, Virginia suburb of Washington, D.C. is the highest-income county by median household income. Another Washington suburb, Arlington County, Virginia, ranks as the highest-income county by median family income.[2]
Many of the top counties in the following lists are found in the Northeast Megalopolis, particularly in the Washington metropolitan area and the New York metropolitan area.
Median household income[edit]
American Community Survey[edit]
Presented below are the 25 wealthiest counties (with populations of 65,000 or greater) in the United States by median household income according to the 2012 American Community Survey[3] prepared by the US Census Bureau. Six of the counties are located in the state of Maryland, five are in Virginia, four in New Jersey, three in New York, two in California, and one each in: Colorado, Georgia, Michigan, Tennessee, and Texas.
Rank
County
State
Median Household Income
1 Loudoun County Virginia $117,876
2 Fairfax County Virginia $112,436
3 Howard County Maryland $108,844
4 Hunterdon County New Jersey $105,186
5 Arlington County Virginia $100,474
6 Stafford County Virginia $97,606
7 Putnam County New York $96,223
8 Somerset County New Jersey $95,825
9 Douglas County Colorado $95,324
10 Morris County New Jersey $95,294
11 Montgomery County Maryland $94,965
12 Prince William County Virginia $93,744
13 Nassau County New York $93,214
14 Santa Clara County California $91,425
15 Charles County Maryland $90,880
16 Williamson County Tennessee $90,759
17 Marin County California $90,535
18 Anne Arundel County Maryland $89,179
19 Calvert County Maryland $87,449
20 Sussex County New Jersey $86,625
21 St. Mary's County Maryland $86,358
22 Suffolk County New York $86,334
23 Fort Bend County Texas $86,256
24 Oakland County Michigan $86,567
25 Forsyth County Georgia $85,494
[show]2011
Rank
County
State
Median Household Income[4]
Population[5]
1 Loudoun County Virginia $119,134 325,405
2 Fairfax County Virginia $105,797 1,100,692
3 Arlington County Virginia $100,735 216,004
4 Hunterdon County New Jersey $99,099 128,038
5 Howard County Maryland $98,953 293,142
6 Somerset County New Jersey $96,360 324,893
7 Prince William County Virginia $95,146 419,096
8 Fauquier County Virginia $93,762 66,320
9 Douglas County Colorado $93,573 292,167
10 Montgomery County Maryland $92,909 989,794
11 Charles County Maryland $91,733 149,130
12 Nassau County New York $91,414 1,344,436
13 Stafford County Virginia $91,348 132,133
14 Morris County New Jersey $91,332 494,976
15 Putnam County New York $90,735 99,933
16 Calvert County Maryland $89,393 89,256
17 Williamson County Tennessee $86,962 188,560
18 Delaware County Ohio $85,365 178,341
19 Santa Clara County California $84,895 1,809,378
20 Oldham County Kentucky $84,447 64,800
21 York County Virginia $84,167 66,134
22 Anne Arundel Maryland $84,138 544,403
23 Carroll County Maryland $84,117 167,288
24 Suffolk County New York $84,106 1,498,816
25 Sussex County New Jersey $83,839 148,517
26 Carver County Minnesota $83,348 92,638
27 Alexandria City Virginia $82,748 144,301
28 Fort Bend County Texas $82,271 606,953
29 Collin County Texas $82,237 812,226
30 Rockland County New York $82,217 315,158
31 Forsyth County Georgia $82,209 181,840
32 Rockwall County Texas $82,061 81,290
33 Norfolk County Massachusetts $81,889 675,436
34 San Mateo County California $81,657 727,209
35 St. Mary's County Maryland $81,657 107,484
36 Hamilton County Indiana $80,999 282,810
37 Scott County Minnesota $80,864 132,556
38 Kendall County Illinois $80,655 116,631
39 Monmouth County New Jersey $79,334 631,020
40 Bergen County New Jersey $79,272 911,004
41 Chester County Pennsylvania $79,160 503,897
42 Tolland County Connecticut $78,210 152,507
43 Harford County Maryland $78,123 246,489
44 Frederick County Maryland $77,791 236,745
45 Fairfield County Connecticut $77,289 925,899
46 Middlesex County Connecticut $77,193 166,043
47 Marin County California $77,168 255,031
48 Westchester County New York $77,006 955,899
49 Middlesex County Massachusetts $76,978 1,518,171
50 Washington County Minnesota $76,491 241,280
51 Spotsylvania County Virginia $76,475 124,327
52 Montgomery County Pennsylvania $76,220 804,210
53 Rockingham County New Hampshire $75,982 296,207
54 Ventura County California $74,623 831,771
55 Middlesex County New Jersey $74,522 814,217
56 Contra Costa County California $74,353 1,066,096
57 Lake County Illinois $74,266 706,222
58 DuPage County Illinois $74,072 923,222
59 Mercer County New Jersey $73,890 367,063
60 Ozaukee County Wisconsin $73,703 86,568
60 Fayette County Georgia $72,962 107,784
61 Burlington County New Jersey $72,896 449,576
62 Anchorage City Alaska $72,813 295,570
63 Waukesha County Wisconsin $72,562 390,730
64 Orange County California $72,293 3,055,745
65 Will County Illinois $71,882 681,545
66 Gloucester County New Jersey $71,850 289,104
67 James City County Virginia $71,667 68,200
68 Chesterfield County Virginia $71,110 320,277
69 Prince George's County Maryland $70,715 871,233
70 Bucks County Pennsylvania $70,617 626,854
71 Richmond County New York $70,578 470,467
72 McHenry County Illinois $70,117 308,944
73 Dakota County Minnesota $69,902 402,006
74 San Francisco County California $69,894 812,826
75 Johnson County Kansas $69,856 552,991
76 Dallas County Iowa $69,831 69,444
77 Parker County Texas $69,703 118,376
78 Denton County Texas $69,644 686,406
79 Washington County Rhode Island $69,528 126,563
80 Warren County Ohio $69,201 214,910
81 Frederick County Virginia $69,155 79,666
82 Newport County Rhode Island $69,119 82,695
83 Litchfield County Connecticut $69,097 188,789
84 Davis County Utah $69,021 311,811
85 Placer County California $68,959 357,138
86 King County Washington $68,775 1,969,722
87 Matanuska-Susitna Borough Alaska $68,672 91,946
88 Boulder County Colorado $68,637 299,378
89 Plymouth County Massachusetts $68,253 497,579
90 Wright County Minnesota $68,242 126,437
91 Dutchess County New York $67,727 297,999
92 Olmsted County Minnesota $67,618 145,769
93 Alameda County California $67,558 1,529,875
93 Hanover County Virginia $67,505 100,342
94 Livingston County Michigan $67,441 181,722
95 Williamson County Texas $67,246 442,782
96 Washington County Texas $67,232 33,791
97 Sherburne County Minnesota $67,198 89,319
98 Hillsborough County New Hampshire $66,609 401,696
2010 Census[edit]
[6]
Rank
County
Median Household Income
1 Loudoun County, Virginia $115,574
2 City of Falls Church, Virginia $114,409
3 Fairfax County, Virginia $105,416
4 Los Alamos County, New Mexico $103,643
5 Howard County, Maryland $103,273
6 Hunterdon County, New Jersey $100,980
7 Oakland County, Michigan $99,198
8 City of Fairfax, Virginia $97,900
9 Somerset County, New Jersey $97,440
10 Morris County, New Jersey $96,747
11 Arlington County, Virginia $94,880
12 Nassau County, New York $93,613
13 Montgomery County, Maryland $93,373
14 Stafford County, Virginia $93,065
15 Prince William County, Virginia $91,098
16 Calvert County, Maryland $90,838
17 Marin County, California $89,268
18 Putnam County, New York $89,218
19 Charles County, Maryland $88,825
20 Delaware County, Ohio $87,908
21 Williamson County, Tennessee $87,832
22 Forsyth County, Georgia $87,605
23 Santa Clara County, California $86,850
24 San Mateo County, California $85,648
25 Chester County, Pennsylvania $84,741
26 Suffolk County, New York $84,506
27 City of Poquoson, Virginia $84,315
28 Fauquier County, Virginia $83,877
29 Anne Arundel County, Maryland $83,456
30 Sussex County, New Jersey $83,089
31 Rockland County, New York $82,534
32 Monmouth County, New Jersey $82,265
33 Fayette County, Georgia $82,216
34 Scott County, Minnesota $82,190
35 Hamilton County, Indiana $81,947
36 Bergen County, New Jersey $81,708
37 Frederick County, Maryland $81,686
38 Carroll County, Maryland $81,621
39 Fairfield County, Connecticut $81,268
40 Queen Anne's County, Maryland $81,096
41 York County, Virginia $81,055
42 Norfolk County, Massachusetts $81,027
43 City of Alexandria, Virginia $80,847
44 Collin County, Texas $80,504
45 Carver County, Minnesota $80,280
46 St. Mary's County, Maryland $80,053
47 Kendall County, Illinois $79,897
48 Fort Bend County, Texas $79,845
49 Westchester County, New York $79,619
50 Goochland County, Virginia $79,547
51 Summit County, Utah $79,461
52 Oldham County, Kentucky $79,417
53 Washington County, Minnesota $79,109
54 Elbert County, Colorado $78,958
55 Lake County, Illinois $78,948
56 Contra Costa County, California $78,385
57 Rockwall County, Texas $78,032
58 Middlesex County, New Jersey $77,615
59 Middlesex County, Massachusetts $77,377
60 Tolland County, Connecticut $77,175
61 Harford County, Maryland $77,010
62 DuPage County, Illinois $76,581
63 Spotsylvania County, Virginia $76,574
64 McHenry County, Illinois $76,482
65 Hanover County, Virginia $76,425
66 Montgomery County, Pennsylvania $76,380
67 Burlington County, New Jersey $76,258
68 King George County, Virginia $76,241
69 Will County, Illinois $75,906
70 Rockingham County, New Hampshire $75,825
71 City and County of Broomfield, Colorado $75,590
72 Ventura County, California $75,348
73 City of Manassas, Virginia $75,173
74 Waukesha County, Wisconsin $75,064
75 Ozaukee County, Wisconsin $74,996
76 Middlesex County, Connecticut $74,906
77 Bucks County, Pennsylvania $74,828
78 Placer County, California $74,447
79 Orange County, California $74,344
80 James City County, Virginia $73,903
81 Johnson County, Kansas $73,733
82 Powhatan County, Virginia $73,593
83 Clarke County, Virginia $73,244
84 Plymouth County, Massachusetts $73,131
85 Dakota County, Minnesota $72,850
86 Gloucester County, New Jersey $72,664
87 Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska $72,219
88 Livingston County, Michigan $72,129
89 Eagle County, Colorado $71,337
90 Chesterfield County, Virginia $71,321
91 Warren County, Ohio $71,274
92 Prince George's County, Maryland $71,260
93 Mercer County, New Jersey $71,217
94 Richmond County, New York $71,084
95 Denton County, Texas $70,622
96 New Kent County, Virginia $70,590
97 St. Charles County, Missouri $70,331
98 Honolulu County, Hawaii $70,093
99 El Dorado County, California $70,000
100 Alameda County, California $69,384
2009 [show]
The rankings are based on the median annual household income estimates from 2005 to 2009 in each county in the nation, provided by the United States Census Bureau's American Community Survey, in 2009 inflation-adjusted dollars.[7] Since cities in Virginia are independent of surrounding counties they are included in the Census Bureau's ranking.
Number of counties by state in following list: Virginia 5 plus 3 independent cities, Maryland 4, New Jersey 3, New York 3, California 2, Colorado 1, Georgia 1, New Mexico 1, Ohio 1, Tennessee 1. Of the top 25 counties, 10 are part of the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area, 6 counties are part of the New York Metropolitan Area, and 2 counties are part of the San Francisco Bay Area. By Census region, 14 counties are located in the South, 6 in the Northeast, 4 in the West, and 1 located in the Midwest. 17 of the 25 counties are part of the densely populated Northeast Megalopolis.
[show]2009
Rank
County
2005–09 ACS
Median
household
income
2005–09 ACS
Margin
of
error
2000 Census
Median
household
income
2000 Census
Margin
of
error
Change from
2000 Census
to 2005–09 ACS
1 City of Falls Church, Virginia $113,313 3,595 96,449 5,613 16,864
2 Loudoun County, Virginia $112,021 1,833 103,817 1,477 8,204
3 Fairfax County, Virginia $104,259 955 104,335 709 −76
4 Hunterdon County, New Jersey $102,500 2,533 102,839 1,717 −339
5 Howard County, Maryland $101,003 1,325 95,474 1,128 5,529
6 Los Alamos County, New Mexico $100,423 5,635 101,687 4,364 −1,264
7 Douglas County, Colorado $99,522 1,394 106,754 1,402 −7,232
8 Morris County, New Jersey $96,316 1,374 99,559 1,085 −3,243
9 Somerset County, New Jersey $96,233 1,782 99,035 1,399 −2,802
10 City of Fairfax, Virginia $96,232 5,204 87,075 3,616 9,157
11 Arlington County, Virginia $93,806 1,652 81,101 1,183 12,705
12 Nassau County, New York $92,450 800 92,724 463 −274
13 Montgomery County, Maryland $92,213 962 92,107 635 106
14 Calvert County, Maryland $90,621 2,753 84,890 1,868 5,731
15 Stafford County, Virginia $90,586 1,895 86,003 1,555 4,583
16 Prince William County, Virginia $88,850 1,545 84,910 959 3,940
17 Williamson County, Tennessee $88,358 1,787 88,957 1,769 −599
18 Forsyth County, Georgia $88,040 1,808 88,681 1,803 −641
19 Putnam County, New York $88,036 2,574 93,044 1,503 −5,008
20 Marin County, California $87,728 1,569 91,792 1,314 −4,064
21 Charles County, Maryland $86,141 2,341 80,068 1,460 6,073
22 Santa Clara County, California $85,569 864 95,691 507 −10,122
23 Delaware County, Ohio $85,054 2,214 86,581 1,697 −1,527
24 City of Poquoson, Virginia $84,688 5,283 78,422 3,527 6,266
25 Suffolk County, New York $84,530 803 84,045 403 485
2008 [show]
[8] This data is average 2006–2008 from the American Community Survey of the United States Bureau of the Census. Number of counties by state in following lists: Virginia 6 plus 2 independent cities, Maryland 4, New Jersey 3, New York 3, California 2, Colorado 1, Georgia 1, Pennsylvania 1, Tennessee 1, Utah 1.
Of the top 25 counties, 11 are part of the Washington Metropolitan Area, 6 counties are part of the New York Metropolitan Area, and 2 counties are part of the San Francisco Bay Area. By Census region, 14 counties are located in the South, 7 in the Northeast, 4 in the West, with none located in the Midwest. 18 of the 25 counties are part of the densely populated Northeast Megalopolis. Educational attainment is based on bachelor's degree attainment (and above) for people 25 and older in the county.
[show]2008
Rank
County
Median Household Income
Population
Educational Attainment
1 Loudoun County, Virginia $110,643 277,433 58%
2 Fairfax County, Virginia $106,785 1,005,980 60%
3 Howard County, Maryland $101,710 272,412 60%
4 Somerset County, New Jersey $103,227 321,589 53%
5 Hunterdon County, New Jersey $100,947 129,000 52%
6 City of Fairfax, Virginia $98,133 23,281 52%
7 Morris County, New Jersey $97,565 486,459 52%
8 Douglas County, Colorado $97,480 270,286 54%
9 Arlington County, Virginia $96,390 204,889 71%
10 Montgomery County, Maryland $93,999 942,747 59%
11 Nassau County, New York $93,579 1,352,817 45%
12 Stafford County, Virginia $89,536 120,219 36%
13 Calvert County, Maryland $89,049 88,126 30%
14 Prince William County, Virginia $88,675 358,719 38%
15 Putnam County, New York $88,580 99,195 40%
16 Goochland County, Virginia $88,552 20,494 32%
17 Williamson County, Tennessee $88,316 165,336 53%
18 Marin County, California $88,101 246,985 55%
19 Santa Clara County, California $87,287 1,734,756 46%
20 Forsyth County, Georgia $86,938 158,009 46%
21 Charles County, Maryland $86,586 140,032 28%
22 Summit County, Utah $85,258 35,448 53%
23 City of Alexandria, Virginia $85,135 140,657 63%
24 Chester County, Pennsylvania $84,844 485,083 51%
25 Suffolk County, New York $84,767 1,510,716 34%
United States $52,175 304,374,846 27%
2007 [show]
[9]
Number of counties by state in following lists: Virginia 6, Maryland 5, New Jersey 3, New York 2, California 2, Colorado 1, Georgia 1.
10 of the 20 counties are part of the Washington Metropolitan Area and 5 counties are part of the New York Metropolitan Area. By Census region, 12 counties are located in the South, 5 in the Northeast, and 3 in the West. 16 of the 20 counties are part of the densely populated Northeast Megalopolis.
[show]2007 – Counties with populations of 250,000 or more
Rank
County
Median Household Income
1 Loudoun County, Virginia $107,207
2 Fairfax County, Virginia $105,241
3 Howard County, Maryland $101,672
4 Somerset County, New Jersey $97,658
5 Morris County, New Jersey $94,684
6 Douglas County, Colorado $92,824
7 Montgomery County, Maryland $91,835
8 Suffolk County, New York $89,782
9 Prince William County, Virginia $87,243
10 Santa Clara County, California $84,360
[show]2007 – Counties with populations 65,000–250,000
Rank
County
Median Household Income
1 Hunterdon County, New Jersey $100,327
2 Calvert County, Maryland $95,134
3 Arlington County, Virginia $94,876
4 Stafford County, Virginia $87,629
5 Fauquier County, Virginia $84,888
6 Forsyth County, Georgia $84,872
7 Putnam County, New York $84,624
8 Marin County, California $83,870
9 Charles County, Maryland $83,412
10 Carroll County, Maryland $82,492
2006 [show]
[10]
Source: US Census Bureau, 2006 American Community Survey, via Forbes
Number of counties by state in the top 20: Virginia 5 plus 1 independent city, California 3, Maryland 3, New Jersey 3, New York 2, Colorado 1, Georgia 1, Tennessee 1. Forty-two states do not have any counties in the top 20.
[show]2006
Rank
County
Median Household Income
1 Fairfax County, Virginia $100,318
2 Loudoun County, Virginia $99,371
3 Howard County, Maryland $94,260
4 Hunterdon County, New Jersey $93,297
5 Douglas County, Colorado $92,125
6 Somerset County, New Jersey $91,688
7 Morris County, New Jersey $89,587
8 Montgomery County, Maryland $87,624
9 Arlington County, Virginia $87,350
10 Suffolk County, New York $85,994
11 Marin County, California $85,892
12 Stafford County, Virginia $85,014
13 Calvert County, Maryland $84,891
14 Santa Clara County, California $84,838
15 Forsyth County, Georgia $83,682
16 San Mateo County, California $82,123
17 Putnam County, New York $81,907
18 Williamson County, Tennessee $81,449
19 Prince William County, Virginia $80,783
20 City of Alexandria, Virginia $80,449
2000 Census[edit]
[11]
Number of counties by state in the top 100
100 highest counties by median household income
Source: US Census Bureau: 2000 Census
Number of counties by state in the top 100: Virginia 10 plus 5 independent cities, Maryland 9, California 8, New Jersey 8, Georgia 7, Colorado 6, Illinois 6, Minnesota 5, New York 5, Texas 5, Alaska 3, Connecticut 3, Ohio 3, Pennsylvania 3, Wisconsin 2, Massachusetts 2, Michigan 2, Indiana 1, Kansas 1, Kentucky 1, Missouri 1, New Hampshire 1, New Mexico 1, Tennessee 1, Utah 1. Twenty-five states do not have any counties in the top 100.
United States of America: $41,994
Rank
County
Median
Household
Income
1 Douglas County, Colorado $82,929
2 Fairfax County, Virginia $81,050
3 Loudoun County, Virginia $80,648
4 Hunterdon County, New Jersey $79,888
5 Los Alamos County, New Mexico $78,993
6 Morris County, New Jersey $77,340
7 Somerset County, New Jersey $76,933
8 City of Falls Church, Virginia $74,924
9 Santa Clara County, California $74,335
10 Howard County, Maryland $74,167
11 Suffolk County, New York $73,979
12 Nassau County, New York $72,030
13 Montgomery County, Maryland $71,551
14 Marin County, California $71,306
15 Fayette County, Georgia $71,227
16 Hamilton County, Indiana $71,026
17 Collin County, Texas $70,835
18 San Mateo County, California $70,819
19 Johnson County, Kansas $69,817
20 Williamson County, Tennessee $69,104
21 Forsyth County, Georgia $68,890
22 Rockland County, New York $67,971
23 DuPage County, Illinois $67,887
24 City of Fairfax, Virginia $67,642
25 Livingston County, Michigan $67,400
26 Delaware County, Ohio $67,258
27 Lake County, Illinois $66,973
28 Stafford County, Virginia $66,809
29 Scott County, Minnesota $66,612
30 Washington County, Minnesota $66,305
31 Prince William County, Virginia $65,960
32 Calvert County, Maryland $65,945
33 Carver County, Minnesota $65,540
34 Columbia County, Georgia $65,507
35 Chester County, Pennsylvania $65,295
36 Putnam County, New York $65,288
37 Sussex County, New Jersey $65,266
38 Fairfield County, Connecticut $65,249
39 Bergen County, New Jersey $65,241
40 Rockwall County, Texas $65,164
41 Summit County, Utah $64,962
42 McHenry County, Illinois $64,826
43 Kendall County, Illinois $64,625
44 Monmouth County, New Jersey $64,231
45 City and County of Broomfield, Colorado $63,903
46 Fort Bend County, Texas $63,831
47 Contra Costa County, California $63,675
48 Westchester County, New York $63,582
49 Norfolk County, Massachusetts $63,432
50 Oldham County, Kentucky $63,229
51 North Slope Borough, Alaska $63,173
52 Arlington County, Virginia $63,001
53 Waukesha County, Wisconsin $62,839
54 Ozaukee County, Wisconsin $62,745
55 Eagle County, Colorado $62,682
56 Elbert County, Colorado $62,480
57 Will County, Illinois $62,238
58 Charles County, Maryland $62,199
59 City and Borough of Juneau, Alaska $62,034
60 Fauquier County, Virginia $61,999
61 Oakland County, Michigan $61,907
62 Orange County, California $61,899
63 Dakota County, Minnesota $61,863
64 Anne Arundel County, Maryland $61,768
65 Middlesex County, New Jersey $61,446
66 Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska $61,406
67 City of Poquoson, Virginia $60,920
68 Cherokee County, Georgia $60,896
69 Montgomery County, Pennsylvania $60,829
70 Middlesex County, Massachusetts $60,821
71 City of Manassas Park, Virginia $60,794
72 Williamson County, Texas $60,642
73 Gwinnett County, Georgia $60,537
74 City of Manassas, Virginia $60,409
75 Frederick County, Maryland $60,276
76 Geauga County, Ohio $60,200
77 Carroll County, Maryland $60,021
78 Bucks County, Pennsylvania $59,727
79 Ventura County, California $59,666
80 Pitkin County, Colorado $59,375
81 Kane County, Illinois $59,351
82 Hanover County, Virginia $59,223
83 Middlesex County, Connecticut $59,175
84 Tolland County, Connecticut $59,044
85 Burlington County, New Jersey $58,608
86 Chesterfield County, Virginia $58,537
87 Cobb County, Georgia $58,289
88 Denton County, Texas $58,216
89 Rockingham County, New Hampshire $58,150
90 York County, Virginia $57,956
91 Warren County, Ohio $57,952
92 Anoka County, Minnesota $57,754
93 Placer County, California $57,535
94 Spotsylvania County, Virginia $57,525
95 San Benito County, California $57,469
96 Jefferson County, Colorado $57,339
97 Henry County, Georgia $57,309
98 St. Charles County, Missouri $57,258
99 Harford County, Maryland $57,234
100 Queen Anne's County, Maryland $57,037
Per capita income[edit]
2010 Census[edit]
CA1-3 Personal income summary: Per capita personal income, 2010, BEA[12]
Rank
County
Per Capita
Personal Income
1 New York County, New York $111,386
2 Teton County, Wyoming $94,672
3 Marin County, California $89,936
4 Sully County, South Dakota $80,165
5 Arlington County, Virginia $79,967
6 Alexandria, Virginia $76,362
7 Pitkin County, Colorado $76,318
8 Town and County of Nantucket, Massachusetts $73,654
9 Westchester County, New York $73,159
10 Fairfield County, Connecticut $71,768
11 District of Columbia (federal district) $70,710
12 City and County of San Francisco, California $70,190
13 Somerset County, New Jersey $69,886
14 Morris County, New Jersey $69,811
15 Summit County, Utah $68,524
16 San Mateo County, California $67,964
17 Montgomery County, Maryland $67,639
18 Slope County, North Dakota $67,089
19 Hunterdon County, New Jersey $67,053
20 Fairfax County & Fairfax City & Falls Church, Virginia $66,679
21 Douglas County, Colorado $66,047
22 Nassau County, New York $65,615
23 Bergen County, New Jersey $65,486
24 Blaine County, Idaho $63,883
25 Howard County, Maryland $63,375
Average per capita income 2009 [show]
[13]
Number of counties by state in the top 20: New Jersey 4; California 3; New York 2; Virginia 1 county, 1 independent city, and 1 statistical unit comprising a county and two independent cities; Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Idaho, Maryland, Texas, South Dakota, and Wyoming 1 each.
Of the 20 counties, 7 are part of the New York Metropolitan Area, 4 are part of the Washington Metropolitan Area, and 3 are part of the San Francisco Bay Area. By Census region, 7 counties are located in the Northeast, 6 in the South, and 6 in the West.
[show]Average per capita income 2009
Rank
County
Average Per Capita Income
1 Teton County, Wyoming $132,728
2 New York County, New York $120,790
3 Loving County, Texas $99,593
4 Pitkin County, Colorado $93,465
5 Marin County, California $91,483
6 Suffolk County, New York $91,376
7 Fairfield County, Connecticut $74,878
8 San Mateo County, California $71,753
9 Morris County, New Jersey $71,713
10 City and County of San Francisco, California $71,342
11 Somerset County, New Jersey $70,949
12 City of Alexandria, Virginia $70,632
13 Arlington County, Virginia $68,270
14 Fairfax County, City of Fairfax, and Falls Church, Virginia $67,909
15 Montgomery County, Maryland $67,525
16 Bergen County, New Jersey $67,125
17 Hunterdon County, New Jersey $66,449
18 Sully County, South Dakota $64,352
19 Blaine County, Idaho $64,207
20 Collier County, Florida $63,276
2000 Census[edit]
[11]
Number of counties ranked in the top 100 nationally, by state
100 highest ranked counties by per capita income
Number of counties by state in the top 100: Colorado 10, Virginia 7 counties plus 3 independent cities, New Jersey 9, California 8, Florida 6, New York 6, Georgia 4, Maryland 4, Minnesota 4, Connecticut 3, Massachusetts 3, Michigan 3, Pennsylvania 3, Texas 3, Illinois 2, North Carolina 2, Ohio 2, Washington 2, Wisconsin 2, Idaho 1, Alaska 1, Alabama 1, District of Columbia 1, Indiana 1, Kansas 1, Missouri 1, Nevada 1, New Hampshire 1, New Mexico 1, Rhode Island 1, Tennessee 1, Utah 1, Wyoming 1. Eighteen states do not have any counties in the top 100. United States of America per capita average: $21,587
Rank
County
Per Capita
Income
1 Marin County, California $44,962
2 New York County, New York (Manhattan) $42,922
3 City of Falls Church, Virginia $41,052
4 Pitkin County, Colorado $40,811
5 Fairfield County, Connecticut $38,350
6 Teton County, Wyoming $38,260
7 Somerset County, New Jersey $37,970
8 Arlington County, Virginia $37,706
9 City of Alexandria, Virginia[1] $37,645
10 Morris County, New Jersey $36,964
11 Fairfax County, Virginia $36,888
12 Westchester County, New York $36,726
13 Hunterdon County, New Jersey $36,370
14 San Mateo County, California $36,045
15 Montgomery County, Maryland $35,684
16 San Miguel County, Colorado $35,329
17 Douglas County, Colorado $34,848
18 Los Alamos County, New Mexico $34,646
19 City and County of San Francisco, California $34,556
20 Summit County, Utah $33,767
21 Bergen County, New Jersey $33,638
22 Loudoun County, Virginia $33,530
23 Collin County, Texas $33,345
24 Hamilton County, Indiana $33,109
25 Santa Clara County, California $32,795
26 Oakland County, Michigan $32,534
27 Williamson County, Tennessee $32,496
28 Norfolk County, Massachusetts $32,484
29 Howard County, Maryland $32,402
30 Nassau County, New York $32,151
31 Lake County, Illinois $32,102
32 Eagle County, Colorado $32,011
33 Ozaukee County, Wisconsin $31,947
34 Chester County, Pennsylvania $31,627
35 Delaware County, Ohio $31,600
36 Blaine County, Idaho $31,346
37 DuPage County, Illinois $31,315
38 Town and County of Nantucket, Massachusetts $31,314
39 City of Fairfax, Virginia $31,247
40 Middlesex County, Massachusetts $31,199
41 Collier County, Florida $31,195
42 Monmouth County, New Jersey $31,149
43 Johnson County, Kansas $30,919
44 Montgomery County, Pennsylvania $30,898
45 Contra Costa County, California $30,615
46 San Juan County, Washington $30,603
47 Putnam County, New York $30,127
48 Fulton County, Georgia $30,003
49 Ventura County, California $29,634
50 Martin County, Florida $29,584
51 King County, Washington $29,521
52 Fayette County, Georgia $29,464
53 James City County, Virginia $29,256
54 Waukesha County, Wisconsin $29,164
55 Forsyth County, Georgia $29,114
56 Goochland County, Virginia $29,105
57 Boulder County, Colorado $28,976
58 Albemarle County, Virginia $28,852
59 Palm Beach County, Florida $28,801
60 Routt County, Colorado $28,792
61 Hennepin County, Minnesota $28,789
62 Fauquier County, Virginia $28,757
63 Summit County, Colorado $28,676
64 St. Johns County, Florida $28,674
65 Washington, D.C. $28,659
66 Rockwall County, Texas $28,573
67 Carver County, Minnesota $28,486
68 Litchfield County, Connecticut $28,408
69 Sarasota County, Florida $28,326
70 Middlesex County, Connecticut $28,251
71 Talbot County, Maryland $28,164
72 Clear Creek County, Colorado $28,160
73 Washington County, Minnesota $28,148
74 Arapahoe County, Colorado $28,147
75 Rockland County, New York $28,082
76 Livingston County, Michigan $28,069
77 Jefferson County, Colorado $28,066
78 Placer County, California $27,963
79 Geauga County, Ohio $27,944
80 Mercer County, New Jersey $27,914
81 Cobb County, Georgia $27,863
82 St. Louis County, Missouri $27,595
83 Anne Arundel County, Maryland $27,578
84 Bucks County, Pennsylvania $27,430
85 Mecklenburg County, North Carolina $27,352
86 Douglas County, Nevada $27,288
87 Indian River County, Florida $27,227
88 Shelby County, Alabama $27,176
89 Washtenaw County, Michigan $27,173
90 Dakota County, Minnesota $27,008
91 Wake County, North Carolina $27,004
92 Sussex County, New Jersey $26,992
93 Union County, New Jersey $26,992
94 Denton County, Texas $26,895
95 Newport County, Rhode Island $26,779
96 City and Borough of Juneau, Alaska $26,719
97 Alameda County, California $26,680
98 Rockingham County, New Hampshire $26,656
99 Suffolk County, New York $26,577
100 Middlesex County, New Jersey $26,535
Highest-income counties and places by state[edit]
For more detailed lists of rankings of counties and places in the individual states, see the following pages:
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
See also[edit]
List of lowest-income counties in the United States
Notes and references[edit]
Jump up ^ Frasier, Steve. "Ruling America". Harvard University Press.
Jump up ^ "Washington region boasts four richest counties in U.S.". American City Business Journals.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on July 1, 2014. Retrieved 2014-07-01. . 2012 American Community Survey. Retrieved on 2013-09-19.
Jump up ^ Top 100 counties – Median household income, 2011. Washingtonpost.com (September 20, 2012). Retrieved on 2013-07-21.
Jump up ^ American FactFinder. Factfinder2.census.gov. Retrieved on 2013-07-21.
Jump up ^ State and County QuickFacts Archived March 4, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.. Quickfacts.census.gov (February 20, 2013). Retrieved on 2013-07-21.
Jump up ^ Median Household Income in 2009 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars based on the 2005–09 American Community Survey, United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Census Bureau Homepage". Census.gov. March 26, 2012. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Income, Earnings, and Poverty Data From the 2007 American Community Survey" (PDF). Retrieved April 14, 2012.
Jump up ^ Matt Woolsey, America's Richest Counties, Forbes.com, 01.22.08, 6:00 PM ET Forbes.com Web site. Retrieved 2008-02-08.
^ Jump up to: a b "Census 2000 Demographic Profiles". Censtats.census.gov. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Interactive Data". U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Retrieved October 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ Aristide Economoupolos/The Star-Leder. "N.J. has four of nation's 20 highest-income counties". Nj.com. Retrieved April 14, 2012.

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Lorraine Crosby
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Lorraine Crosby
Also known as
Mrs. Loud
Born
(1960-11-27) 27 November 1960 (age 57)
Walker, Tyne and Wear, England
Genres
Rock and roll
Occupation(s)
Singer
songwriter
Instruments
Vocals
Associated acts
Meat Loaf
Patti Russo
Bonnie Tyler
Website
lorrainecrosby.co.uk
Lorraine Crosby (born November 27, 1960), better known as "Mrs. Loud", is an English singer and songwriter. Her most famous work, especially in the United States, is as the female vocalist in Meat Loaf's 1993 hit single "I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)". Her debut album Mrs Loud was released in 2008.
Contents
1 Early life
2 Work with Meat Loaf and Jim Steinman
3 Solo work
4 Other work
5 Discography
5.1 Studio albums
5.2 Singles
5.3 Other recordings
6 References
7 External links
Early life[edit]
Crosby was born in Walker, Tyne and Wear. Her father died in a road accident when his car collided with a bus when she was two years old, leaving her mother to raise Lorraine, her two sisters, and one brother. She attended Walker Comprehensive. She sang in school and church choirs and played the violin in the orchestra, but did not start singing professionally until she was 20.[1]
Work with Meat Loaf and Jim Steinman[edit]
Inspired by Tina Turner, Crosby searched the noticeboard for bands wanting singers at the guitar shop Rock City in Newcastle. After joining several bands she set up a five-piece cabaret band which toured extensively, playing to British and American servicemen throughout the early 1980s.
Back in Newcastle, she met Stuart Emerson, who was looking for a backing singer for his band. They began writing together, and also became a couple. In the early 1990s, Crosby sent songwriter and producer Jim Steinman some demos of songs she had written with Emerson. Steinman asked to meet them so they decided to move to New York. They then followed Steinman after he moved to Los Angeles. Steinman became their manager and secured them a contract with Meat Loaf's recording label MCA. While visiting the label's recording studios on Sunset Boulevard, Crosby was asked to provide guide vocals for Meat Loaf, who was recording the song "I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)". Cher, Melissa Etheridge and Bonnie Tyler were considered for the role. The song was a commercial success, becoming number one in 28 countries.[2] However, as Crosby had recorded her part as guide vocals, she did not receive any royalties from the song,[3] nor was she actually credited on the album; the credit "Mrs. Loud" was used instead. Also, Crosby did not appear in the Michael Bay-directed music video, where model Dana Patrick mimed her vocals.[4] Meat Loaf promoted the single with American vocalist Patti Russo performing the live female vocals of this song at his promotional appearances and concerts. Lorraine also sang additional and backing vocals on the songs "Life Is a Lemon and I Want My Money Back", "Objects in the Rear View Mirror May Appear Closer than They Are", and "Everything Louder Than Everything Else" from the album Bat Out of Hell II: Back into Hell. On these three selections, she was credited under her real name rather than the alias of Mrs. Loud.[5]
Solo work[edit]
Crosby regularly performed at holiday camps and social clubs in England until April 2005 when she took a break from live work.
In 2005, she sang a duet with Bonnie Tyler for the track "I'll Stand by You" from the album Wings. The song was written and composed by Stuart Emerson about Crosby's and Tyler's relationship.[6] Also in 2005, Crosby appeared as a contestant on ITV's The X Factor. She performed "You've Got a Friend" and progressed to the second round after impressing judges Louis Walsh and Sharon Osbourne but Simon Cowell expressed doubt saying she "lacked star quality."[7]
Crosby returned to live performances in April 2007. In November 2007, she appeared on the BBC Three television show "Most Annoying Pop Songs We Hate To Love"[8] discussing the Meat Loaf track "I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)" which featured at No. 76.
In November 2008, Crosby appeared at Newcastle City Hall with special guest Bonnie Tyler to launch her self-produced album entitled "Mrs Loud"[9] The concert was later repeated in March 2011. In April 2009 she was also featured on The Justin Lee Collins Show and performed a duet with Justin, singing the Meat Loaf song "Dead Ringer for Love". She also performed "I'd Do Anything for Love" with Tim Healy for Sunday for Sammy in 2012.[10]
Crosby performs in cabaret shows with her band[11] along with her partner Stuart Emerson.
Crosby appeared in the first round of BBC's second series of The Voice on April 6, 2013.[12] She failed to progress when she was rejected by all four coaches.[13]
Crosby and her band reached No. 4 on the Reverbnation rock charts on April 9, 2013.
Other work[edit]
In the mid-1990s, Crosby appeared as an extra in several television series episodes.[citation needed]
Discography[edit]
Crosby has provided backing vocals on Bonnie Tyler's albums Free Spirit (1995) and Wings (2005).
Studio albums[edit]
Mrs Loud (2008)
Singles[edit]
"I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)" (with Meat Loaf) (1993)
Other recordings[edit]
"I'll Stand by You" (with Bonnie Tyler) (2005)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Biography - Lorraine Crosby". Lorraine Crosby. Retrieved 2016-01-04.
Jump up ^ Chart Success for Meat Loaf, Official Charts Company, retrieved 7 April 2012
Jump up ^ video interview with her, Youtube, retrieved 3 November 2013
Jump up ^ "I'd Do Anything For Love (But I Won't Do That)". songfacts.com. Retrieved 29 August 2006.
Jump up ^ Credits in the booklet of the album Bat Out of Hell II: Back into Hell.
Jump up ^ I'll Stand By You, a video of Tyler and Crosby performing the song in 2011.
Jump up ^ "Entertainment Zone Forums > The X Factor > sat 27/08 Meat Loaf Lady". DigitalSpy. Retrieved 29 September 2006.
Jump up ^ Most Annoying Pop Songs We Hate To Love, BBC Three
Jump up ^ Mrs Loud on Spotify
Jump up ^ Sunday for Sammy 2012, MWMDVD106, Dir. Geoff Wonfor, Prod. Ray Laidlaw
Jump up ^ Lorraine Crosby Band, the Lorraine Crosby Band
Jump up ^ The Voice 2013: Meat Loaf singer Lorraine Crosby & Emma Jade Garbutt in tomorrow’s Blind Auditions, Unreality TV, Lisa McGarry, 5 April 2013. Retrieved 5 April 2013
Jump up ^ Lorraine Crosby: 'I would do anything for fame, but I won’t do The Voice again' Archived 9 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine., "Evening Chronicle", Gordon Barr, 6 April 2013. Retrieved 6 April 2013
External links[edit]
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