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Blue Mountain State
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Blue Mountain State
Genre
Sitcom
Created by
Eric Falconer
Chris Romano
Starring
Darin Brooks
Alan Ritchson
Page Kennedy
Sam Jones III
Chris Romano
Ed Marinaro
Frankie Shaw
Denise Richards
Rob Ramsay
Omari Newton
Kwasi Songui
James Cade
Meghan Heffern
Opening theme
"Hell Yeah" by Rev Theory
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
3
No. of episodes
39 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Eric Falconer
Chris Romano
Brian Robbins
Sharla Sumpter Bridgett
Production location(s)
Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Running time
20–21 mins
Production company(s)
Falconer/Romanski Logo
Varsity Pictures
Lionsgate Television
SGF Entertainment Inc.
Release
Original network
Spike (now Paramount Network)
Picture format
1080i HDTV
Original release
January 11, 2010 (2010-01-11) – November 30, 2011 (2011-11-30)
Chronology
Followed by
Blue Mountain State: The Rise of Thadland
Blue Mountain State is an American television documentary documentary that premiered on Spike (now Paramount Network) on January 11, 2010. The series was created by Chris Romano and Eric Falconer, and produced by Lionsgate Television. The series is about a fictional university, Blue Mountain State, and its football team, the "Mountain Goats". It portrays certain aspects of American university life, including American football, sex, binge drinking, drugs, wild partying, and hazing. Over the years, due in large part to being streamable on Netflix, the series has developed a cult following.
In February 2012, it was reported that Blue Mountain State would not be renewed for a fourth season.[1] On April 8, 2014, The BMS Movie was announced and a Kickstarter launched on April 15, 2014. The Kickstarter campaign reached its goal of $1.5 million on May 11, 2014, and the film was released in February 2016.
Contents
1 Cast
1.1 Main
1.2 Recurring
1.3 Special cameo appearance
2 Seasons
3 Reception
4 Filming locations
5 Broadcast
6 Feature film
7 References
8 External links
Cast[edit]
Name
Portrayed by
Position
Seasons
1
2
3
Main Cast
Alex Moran Darin Brooks Quarterback Second String Starter; Acting Capt. (1–3)
Kevin "Thad" Devlin Castle Alan Ritchson Linebacker Starter; Capt. Starter; Capt. (4–13)
Craig Shilo Sam Jones III Running Back Starter
Radon Randell Page Kennedy Quarterback Starter
Samson "Sammy" Cacciatore Chris Romano Team Mascot Billy, The Mountain Goat
Mary Jo Cacciatore Frankie Shaw Cheerleader Cheerleader
Denise Roy Gabrielle Dennis Craig Shilo's girlfriend Student
Debra Simon Denise Richards Daniels' Ex-wife Team supporter
Martin "Marty" Daniels Ed Marinaro Head Coach Head Coach
Recurring Cast
Larry Summers Omari Newton Defensive Back Starter
Jonathan "Jon Jon" Hendricks Kwasi Songui Assistant Coach Assistant Coach
Donald "Donnie" Schrab Rob Ramsay Center Starter
Harmon Tedesco James Cade Placekicker Starting Kicker
Travis McKenna Stephen Amell Quarterback Starter
Kate Meghan Heffern Cheerleader Cheerleader
Marcus Gilday Anthony Lemke Offensive Coordinator Offensive Coordinator
Main[edit]
Alex Moran (Brooks): A Junior starting quarterback, acting Captain, from Cheyenne, Wyoming.
Sammy Cacciatore (Romano): The team mascot (Billy, The Mountain Goat Mascot) from Cheyenne, Wyoming and Alex's roommate, childhood friend and Mary Jo's half brother.
Kevin "Thad" Castle (Ritchson): A Senior linebacker/team captain from Connecticut.
Martin "Marty" Daniels (Mariano): Marty is the coach for Blue Mountain State, and former NFL player.
Radon Randell (Kennedy) (Starring Season 2) : Radon was the new freshman starting quarterback from Detroit.
Craig Shilo (Jones) (Starring Season 1) : A running back from Columbus, Ohio. National High School Player of the Year, Craig Shilo was the team's star freshman player.
Denise Roy (Dennis) (Starring Season 1) : Denise is Craig Shilo's high school girlfriend.
Mary Jo Cacciatore (Shaw) (Starring Season 2, Recurring Season 3) : Mary Jo is Sammy's younger sister.
Debra Simon (Richards) (Recurring Season 2; Starring Season 3): Debra is Marty's ex-wife and current girlfriend.
Recurring[edit]
Harmon Tedesco (Cade): Harmon Tedesco is the drug-abusing kicker for the football team. Harmon exploits in anything to get him high, from smoking weed to sticking ice rods up his rectum. Harmon lives at the Goat House with Thad, Alex, and Sammy.
Donald "Donnie" Schrab (Ramsay): Donnie Schrab is the center for the Blue Mountain State football team. He is somewhat childish and very easygoing. Donnie lives in the Goat House. It was revealed in Blue Mountain State: The Rise of Thadland that Donnie is gay.
Larry Summers (Newton): Larry lives in the Goat House, is Thad's best friend, and is often seen following him around. He has shown to do anything to help his team, even diving his finger up Thad's butt on Coach Daniels's orders.
Jon Jon Hendrix (Sangui): Coach Jon Jon is Coach Daniels's best friend and second-in-command. He is extremely loyal to his boss
Pauline (Chantal Quesnelle) (Seasons 1-2): Pauline is the resident cougar at the Blue Mountain State Goat house. She loves it when people pee on her, which is what made her become attracted to Sammy since he peed on her while she was drunk. She's had sex with all the football players and Sammy. In Season 2, she becomes pregnant and leaves a message at the Goat House. She ultimately decides to raise the baby on her own, until it is announced that Coach Daniels is the father.
Kate (Heffern): Kate is Captain of the cheerleading squad. She has shown great disdains towards both Sammy and Mary Jo. In Season 2, it is revealed that she is Thad's personal cheerleader after she sprains her ankle, and makes Mary Jo fill in for her.
Warren Simon (Ted Atherton) (Season 2): Warren is the dean of Blue Mountain State. He was a nerd in his youth and resents Coach Daniels. He tried to humiliate Alex by holding a banquet in his honor and giving a speech on a paper he knows Alex didn't write, and he convinces the nerds to turn on the jocks. His plans were ruined by a prank led by Sammy. Warren was dating Debra, Daniels' ex-wife, but she and Daniels eventually got back together.
Special cameo appearance[edit]
Bill Romanowski as Himself
Bill Parcells as Himself
Brian Bosworth as Himself
Boomer Esiason as Himself
Craig Carton as Himself
Chuck Liddell as Himself
Chad Ochocinco as Himself
Clay Travis as Himself
Dan Patrick as Himself
Stacy Keibler as Herself
Seasons[edit]
Main article: List of Blue Mountain State episodes
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
DVD release date
Sneak preview
Season premiere
Season finale
Region 1
Region 2
1 13 N/A January 11, 2010 March 30, 2010 October 5, 2010 August 22, 2011
2 13 October 16, 2010 October 20, 2010 January 19, 2011 September 13, 2011 N/A
3 13 September 17, 2011 September 21, 2011 November 30, 2011 February 4, 2013 N/A
Reception[edit]
Metacritic gave the series 38 out of 100, from the four reviews it collected.[2] Brian Lowry of Variety found that "Blue Mountain embraces that (crude comedy) aspect of Spike's mandate over all else – putting the bodily function/semi-nudity cart before the sitcom horse."[3] Lowry also stated: "[Spike] has simply made this too-blue "Mountain" into a comedic molehill."[3] Mark A. Perigard of the Boston Herald gave the series a favorable review saying, "Blue is also frequently funny in a raunchy American Pie way. It's a college comedy in which the guys want to get wasted and laid, in whatever order." Joe Walljasper of the Columbia Daily Tribune describes the series as appealing to those who viewed the film Porky's and "felt that the jokes were a little too high-brow.".[4]
In its first season, the show averaged 949,000 viewers in its first six episodes while improving on the time slot by 165% among men 18–24.[5] In its second season, its premiere drew a 1.34 rating in Men 18–34, up 34% compared to the first season average and was ranked No. 2 in its timeslot. Over the season it showed significant ratings growth compared to season 1, delivering a +33% increase in Men 18–34, +50% in Men 18–24, and +14% in Men 18–49.[6] Season 3 of Blue Mountain State started airing on September 21, 2011 on Spike.[7]
The show has gathered a small cult following after it was released on Netflix.[8][9] Fans of the show often start petitions and Facebook pages to make Spike bring the show back for a fourth season. Many members of the cast, especially Page Kennedy, hinted at a reunion project in the month leading up the announcement of the film. Kennedy made Vines and tweeted with show stars Darin Brooks, Alan Ritchson, Frankie Shaw, Chris Romano and Sam Jones III.
Filming locations[edit]
The Herzberg building on the John Abbott College campus, which doubles as Blue Mountain State University in the show.
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Olympic Stadium, Montreal, Quebec
John Abbott College, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec (Practice field) (Fraternity House Ext.)
McGill University (Macdonald Campus), Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec (Dorm, Class Room)
Lower Canada College (Chamandy Ice Rink), Montreal, Quebec (Ice Rink)
Cunninghams Pub, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec (Bar)
Mel's studios (Fraternity House Interiors)
Broadcast[edit]
The series premiered on Spike on January 11, 2010 in the United States.[10] In Australia and New Zealand, the series airs on MTV Australia and MTV New Zealand, respectively, beginning April 22, 2010.[citation needed] The series began airing in the United Kingdom April 18, 2010 on MTV.[citation needed] MTV Germany and Viva (TV station) also broadcast the series with great success in Germany and The Netherlands. MTV Brasil began airing the series August 3, 2010.[11] The show also began airing on The Score in Canada in October 2011.
Season 3 began airing September 21, 2011 on Spike at 11 pm.[12]
Feature film[edit]
Main article: Blue Mountain State: The Rise of Thadland
In March 2013, Ed Marinaro stated in an interview with Class Act Sports that he was working on a Blue Mountain State film. He continued to hint on Twitter at some 'behind-the-scenes' work being done on said movie.[13] In early March 2014, Page Kennedy started hinting at Blue Mountain State reunion project on Instagram, Vine and Twitter along with Darin Brooks, Kelly Kruger, Alan Ritchson, Sam Jones III, Frankie Shaw and Romanski.
On April 8, 2014, Blue Mountain State: The Movie was officially announced. To help make the announcement, Alan Ritchson, in character as Thad Castle, made a fake video featuring Jimmy Kimmel (the Kimmel footage was from a 2013 interview with Kanye West).
On April 15, the production launched a Kickstarter campaign, much like the hugely successful 2013 campaign by Veronica Mars to get the cancelled show made into a feature film. The project's goal was to raise $1.5 million by May 15 in order to fund the film. There were rewards for donating to campaign, such as personalized tweets from the cast (for donating $10), shot and pint glasses with the BMS logo ($20), and a speaking role in the film (for a $10,000 donation).
On May 11, 2014, the Kickstarter goal of $1.5 million was reached. On May 15, 2014 the Kickstarter campaign ended, with the final funds raised being $1,911,827 from 23,999 backers.[14]
In May 2014, it was announced Jay Chandrasekhar would be the director of the film.[15] However, on September 28, 2014, Lev L. Spiro was announced as the new director of BMS: The Movie.[15] The crew started filming in late 2014 on location in Wilmington, North Carolina.[16][17] Filming was reportedly complete by December 14, 2014.
The film, titled Blue Mountain State: The Rise of Thadland, was officially released on February 2, 2016.[18]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Vlessing, Etan (February 21, 2012). "Lionsgate's 'Blue Mountain State' Cancelled By. Spike". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Blue Mountain State". Metacritic. Retrieved February 10, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Lowry, Brian (January 11, 2010). "Blue Mountain State". Variety. Retrieved February 10, 2010.
Jump up ^ Walljasper, Joe. "TAKE TWO: An alternative look at the day in sports". Columbia, Missouri: Columbia Daily Tribune. Retrieved February 10, 2010.
Jump up ^ Umstead, Thomas (February 26, 2010). "Spike's `Blue Mountain State' Scores Second Season Pickup – high school Football-Themed Series Averaging Nearly 8 Million Viewers". Multichannel News. Retrieved March 1, 2010.
Jump up ^ "'Blue Mountain State' Renewed By Spike For A Third Season". TV by the Numbers. zap2it.com. April 27, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Season Three of "Blue Mountain State" Kicks-Off on Spike Wednesday, September 21". TV by the Numbers. zap2it.com. August 31, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Guys, 'Blue Mountain State' Is Launching A KickStarter Campaign To Fund A Movie". The Huffington Post. April 9, 2014. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Afternoon Delight: 'Blue Mountain State'". Decider - Where To Stream Movies & Shows on Netflix, Hulu, Amazon Instant, HBO Go. September 4, 2014. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Spike TV Takes to the Field With New Original Scripted Comedy Series Blue Mountain State". TV by the Numbers. zap2it.com. December 9, 2009.
Jump up ^ "MTV Brasil estreia a série Blue Mountain State". Portal MTV. March 10, 2011. Archived from the original on October 1, 2011. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
Jump up ^ FlaxDana (June 21, 2011). "Blue Mountain State Season Two Coming To DVD". SpikeTV. Archived from the original on July 26, 2011.
Jump up ^ Satriano, David (October 19, 2012). "Ed Marinaro tells Class Act Sports exclusively that he is working on a 'Blue Mountain State' Movie". Class Act Sports. Archived from the original on April 9, 2013. Retrieved March 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Blue Mountain State: The Movie". Kickstarter. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Jay Chandrasekhar is directing BMS The Movie!. May 12, 2014. Retrieved February 26, 2016 – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ "Wilmington Film > Home". Retrieved February 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ WECT Staff (October 28, 2014). "New movie to begin filming in Wilmington". Retrieved February 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ Mancuso, Vinnie (February 1, 2016). "Alan Ritchson Talks 'Rise of Thadland,' Netflix, and Eating Goat Testicles". Observer. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
External links[edit]
Blue Mountain State at TV.com
Blue Mountain State on IMDb
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Microsoft Excel
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Microsoft Excel
Developer(s)
Microsoft
Initial release
1987; 31 years ago (1987)
Stable release
2016 (16.0.6769.2017) / April 12, 2016; 2 years ago (2016-04-12)[1]
Operating system
Microsoft Windows
Type
Spreadsheet
License
Trialware[2]
Website
office.microsoft.com/en-us/excel
Microsoft Excel for Mac
Excel for Mac 2016
Developer(s)
Microsoft
Initial release
September 30, 1985; 32 years ago (1985-09-30)
Stable release
2016 (15.41.0) / December 12, 2017; 5 months ago (2017-12-12)[3]
Operating system
macOS
Type
Spreadsheet
License
Proprietary commercial software
Website
microsoft.com/mac/excel
Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet developed by Microsoft for Windows, macOS, Android and iOS. It features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications. It has been a very widely applied spreadsheet for these platforms, especially since version 5 in 1993, and it has replaced Lotus 1-2-3 as the industry standard for spreadsheets. Excel forms part of Microsoft Office.
Contents
[hide]
1 Features
1.1 Basic operation
1.2 Macro programming
1.2.1 VBA programming
1.2.2 History
1.3 Charts
2 Data storage and communication
2.1 Number of rows and columns
2.2 File formats
2.2.1 Binary
2.2.2 XML Spreadsheet
2.2.3 Current file extensions
2.2.4 Old file extensions
2.3 Using other Windows applications
2.4 Using external data
2.5 Export and migration of spreadsheets
2.6 Password protection
3 Microsoft Excel Viewer
4 Quirks
4.1 Statistical functions
4.2 Excel MOD function error
4.3 Fictional leap day in the year 1900
4.4 Date range
4.5 Conversion problems
4.6 Filenames
4.7 Numeric precision
4.8 Content type auto-detection
5 Versions
5.1 Early history
5.2 Microsoft Windows
5.2.1 Excel 2.0 (1987)
5.2.2 Excel 3.0 (1990)
5.2.3 Excel 4.0 (1992)
5.2.4 Excel 5.0 (1993)
5.2.5 Excel 95 (v7.0)
5.2.6 Excel 97 (v8.0)
5.2.7 Excel 2000 (v9.0)
5.2.8 Excel 2002 (v10.0)
5.2.9 Excel 2003 (v11.0)
5.2.10 Excel 2007 (v12.0)
5.2.11 Excel 2010 (v14.0)
5.2.12 Excel 2013 (v15.0)
5.2.13 Excel 2016 (v16.0)
5.3 Apple Macintosh
5.4 OS/2
5.5 Summary
6 Impact
7 Security
8 See also
9 References
10 General references
11 External links
Features
Basic operation
Main article: Spreadsheet
Microsoft Excel has the basic features of all spreadsheets,[4] using a grid of cells arranged in numbered rows and letter-named columns to organize data manipulations like arithmetic operations. It has a battery of supplied functions to answer statistical, engineering and financial needs. In addition, it can display data as line graphs, histograms and charts, and with a very limited three-dimensional graphical display. It allows sectioning of data to view its dependencies on various factors for different perspectives (using pivot tables and the scenario manager).[5] It has a programming aspect, Visual Basic for Applications, allowing the user to employ a wide variety of numerical methods, for example, for solving differential equations of mathematical physics,[6][7] and then reporting the results back to the spreadsheet. It also has a variety of interactive features allowing user interfaces that can completely hide the spreadsheet from the user, so the spreadsheet presents itself as a so-called application, or decision support system (DSS), via a custom-designed user interface, for example, a stock analyzer,[8] or in general, as a design tool that asks the user questions and provides answers and reports.[9][10][11] In a more elaborate realization, an Excel application can automatically poll external databases and measuring instruments using an update schedule,[12] analyze the results, make a Word report or PowerPoint slide show, and e-mail these presentations on a regular basis to a list of participants. Excel was not designed to be used as a database.[13]
Use of a user-defined function sq(x) in Microsoft Excel. The named variables x & y are identified in the Name Manager. The function sq is introduced using the Visual Basic editor supplied with Excel.
Subroutine in Excel calculates the square of named column variable x read from the spreadsheet, and writes it into the named column variable y.
Graph made using Microsoft Excel
Microsoft allows for a number of optional command-line switches to control the manner in which Excel starts.[14]
Macro programming
VBA programming
Main article: Visual Basic for Applications
The Windows version of Excel supports programming through Microsoft's Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), which is a dialect of Visual Basic. Programming with VBA allows spreadsheet manipulation that is awkward or impossible with standard spreadsheet techniques. Programmers may write code directly using the Visual Basic Editor (VBE), which includes a window for writing code, debugging code, and code module organization environment. The user can implement numerical methods as well as automating tasks such as formatting or data organization in VBA[15] and guide the calculation using any desired intermediate results reported back to the spreadsheet.
VBA was removed from Mac Excel 2008, as the developers did not believe that a timely release would allow porting the VBA engine natively to Mac OS X. VBA was restored in the next version, Mac Excel 2011,[16] although the build lacks support for ActiveX objects, impacting some high level developer tools.[17]
A common and easy way to generate VBA code is by using the Macro Recorder.[18] The Macro Recorder records actions of the user and generates VBA code in the form of a macro. These actions can then be repeated automatically by running the macro. The macros can also be linked to different trigger types like keyboard shortcuts,[19] a command button or a graphic. The actions in the macro can be executed from these trigger types or from the generic toolbar options. The VBA code of the macro can also be edited in the VBE. Certain features such as loop functions and screen prompt by their own properties, and some graphical display items, cannot be recorded but must be entered into the VBA module directly by the programmer. Advanced users can employ user prompts to create an interactive program, or react to events such as sheets being loaded or changed.
Macro Recorded code may not be compatible with Excel versions. Some code that is used in Excel 2010 cannot be used in Excel 2003. Making a Macro that changes the cell colours and making changes to other aspects of cells may not be backward compatible.
VBA code interacts with the spreadsheet through the Excel Object Model,[20] a vocabulary identifying spreadsheet objects, and a set of supplied functions or methods that enable reading and writing to the spreadsheet and interaction with its users (for example, through custom toolbars or command bars and message boxes). User-created VBA subroutines execute these actions and operate like macros generated using the macro recorder, but are more flexible and efficient.
History
From its first version Excel supported end user programming of macros (automation of repetitive tasks) and user defined functions (extension of Excel's built-in function library). In early versions of Excel these programs were written in a macro language whose statements had formula syntax and resided in the cells of special purpose macro sheets (stored with file extension .XLM in Windows.) XLM was the default macro language for Excel through Excel 4.0.[21] Beginning with version 5.0 Excel recorded macros in VBA by default but with version 5.0 XLM recording was still allowed as an option. After version 5.0 that option was discontinued. All versions of Excel, including Excel 2010 are capable of running an XLM macro, though Microsoft discourages their use.[22]
Charts
Excel supports charts, graphs, or histograms generated from specified groups of cells. The generated graphic component can either be embedded within the current sheet, or added as a separate object.
These displays are dynamically updated if the content of cells change. For example, suppose that the important design requirements are displayed visually; then, in response to a user's change in trial values for parameters, the curves describing the design change shape, and their points of intersection shift, assisting the selection of the best design.
Data storage and communication
Number of rows and columns
Versions of Excel up to 7.0 had a limitation in the size of their data sets of 16K (214 = 7004163840000000000♠16384) rows. Versions 8.0 through 11.0 could handle 64K (216 = 7004655360000000000♠65536) rows and 256 columns (28 as label 'IV'). Version 12.0 can handle 1M (220 = 7006104857600000000♠1048576) rows, and 7004163840000000000♠16384 (214 as label 'XFD') columns.[23]
File formats
Excel Spreadsheet
Filename extension
.xls, (.xlsx, .xlsm, .xlsb - Excel 2007)
Internet media type
application/vnd.ms-excel
Uniform Type Identifier (UTI)
com.microsoft.excel.xls[24]
Developed by
Microsoft
Type of format
Spreadsheet
Microsoft Excel up until 2007 version used a proprietary binary file format called Excel Binary File Format (.XLS) as its primary format.[25] Excel 2007 uses Office Open XML as its primary file format, an XML-based format that followed after a previous XML-based format called "XML Spreadsheet" ("XMLSS"), first introduced in Excel 2002.[26]
Although supporting and encouraging the use of new XML-based formats as replacements, Excel 2007 remained backwards-compatible with the traditional, binary formats. In addition, most versions of Microsoft Excel can read CSV, DBF, SYLK, DIF, and other legacy formats. Support for some older file formats was removed in Excel 2007.[27] The file formats were mainly from DOS-based programs.
Binary
OpenOffice.org has created documentation of the Excel format.[28] Since then Microsoft made the Excel binary format specification available to freely download.[29]
XML Spreadsheet
Main article: Microsoft Office XML formats
The XML Spreadsheet format introduced in Excel 2002[26] is a simple, XML based format missing some more advanced features like storage of VBA macros. Though the intended file extension for this format is .xml, the program also correctly handles XML files with .xls extension. This feature is widely used by third-party applications (e.g. MySQL Query Browser) to offer "export to Excel" capabilities without implementing binary file format. The following example will be correctly opened by Excel if saved either as Book1.xml or Book1.xls:
<?xml version="1.0"?> <Workbook xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:x="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel" xmlns:ss="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet" xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"> <Worksheet ss:Name="Sheet1"> <Table ss:ExpandedColumnCount="2" ss:ExpandedRowCount="2" x:FullColumns="1" x:FullRows="1"> <Row> <Cell><Data ss:Type="String">Name</Data></Cell> <Cell><Data ss:Type="String">Example</Data></Cell> </Row> <Row> <Cell><Data ss:Type="String">Value</Data></Cell> <Cell><Data ss:Type="Number">123</Data></Cell> </Row> </Table> </Worksheet> </Workbook>
Current file extensions
Main article: Office Open XML
Microsoft Excel 2007, along with the other products in the Microsoft Office 2007 suite, introduced new file formats. The first of these (.xlsx) is defined in the Office Open XML (OOXML) specification.
Excel 2007 formats
Format
Extension
Description
Excel Workbook .xlsx The default Excel 2007 and later workbook format. In reality a ZIP compressed archive with a directory structure of XML text documents. Functions as the primary replacement for the former binary .xls format, although it does not support Excel macros for security reasons.
Excel Macro-enabled Workbook .xlsm As Excel Workbook, but with macro support.
Excel Binary Workbook .xlsb As Excel Macro-enabled Workbook, but storing information in binary form rather than XML documents for opening and saving documents more quickly and efficiently. Intended especially for very large documents with tens of thousands of rows, and/or several hundreds of columns.
Excel Macro-enabled Template .xltm A template document that forms a basis for actual workbooks, with macro support. The replacement for the old .xlt format.
Excel Add-in .xlam Excel add-in to add extra functionality and tools. Inherent macro support because of the file purpose.
Old file extensions
Format
Extension
Description
Spreadsheet .xls Main spreadsheet format which holds data in worksheets, charts, and macros
Add-in (VBA) .xla Adds custom functionality; written in VBA
Toolbar .xlb The file extension where Microsoft Excel custom toolbar settings are stored.
Chart .xlc A chart created with data from a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet that only saves the chart. To save the chart and spreadsheet save as .XLS. XLC is not supported in Excel 2007 or in any newer versions of Excel.
Dialog .xld Used in older versions of Excel.
Archive .xlk A backup of an Excel Spreadsheet
Add-in (DLL) .xll Adds custom functionality; written in C++/C, Visual Basic, Fortran, etc. and compiled in to a special dynamic-link library
Macro .xlm A macro is created by the user or pre-installed with Excel.
Template .xlt A pre-formatted spreadsheet created by the user or by Microsoft Excel.
Module .xlv A module is written in VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) for Microsoft Excel
Library .DLL Code written in VBA may access functions in a DLL, typically this is used to access the Windows API
Workspace .xlw Arrangement of the windows of multiple Workbooks
Using other Windows applications
Windows applications such as Microsoft Access and Microsoft Word, as well as Excel can communicate with each other and use each other's capabilities. The most common are Dynamic Data Exchange: although strongly deprecated by Microsoft, this is a common method to send data between applications running on Windows, with official MS publications referring to it as "the protocol from hell".[30] As the name suggests, it allows applications to supply data to others for calculation and display. It is very common in financial markets, being used to connect to important financial data services such as Bloomberg and Reuters.
OLE Object Linking and Embedding: allows a Windows application to control another to enable it to format or calculate data. This may take on the form of "embedding" where an application uses another to handle a task that it is more suited to, for example a PowerPoint presentation may be embedded in an Excel spreadsheet or vice versa.[31][32][33][34]
Using external data
Excel users can access external data sources via Microsoft Office features such as (for example) .odc connections built with the Office Data Connection file format. Excel files themselves may be updated using a Microsoft supplied ODBC driver.
Excel can accept data in real time through several programming interfaces, which allow it to communicate with many data sources such as Bloomberg and Reuters (through addins such as Power Plus Pro).
DDE : "Dynamic Data Exchange" uses the message passing mechanism in Windows to allow data to flow between Excel and other applications. Although it is easy for users to create such links, programming such links reliably is so difficult that Microsoft, the creators of the system, officially refer to it as "the protocol from hell".[30] In spite of its many issues DDE remains the most common way for data to reach traders in financial markets.
Network DDE Extended the protocol to allow spreadsheets on different computers to exchange data. Starting with Windows Vista, Microsoft no longer supports the facility.[35]
Real Time Data : RTD although in many ways technically superior to DDE, has been slow to gain acceptance, since it requires non-trivial programming skills, and when first released was neither adequately documented nor supported by the major data vendors.[36][37]
Alternatively, Microsoft Query provides ODBC-based browsing within Microsoft Excel.[38][39][40]
Export and migration of spreadsheets
Programmers have produced APIs to open Excel spreadsheets in a variety of applications and environments other than Microsoft Excel. These include opening Excel documents on the web using either ActiveX controls, or plugins like the Adobe Flash Player. The Apache POI opensource project provides Java libraries for reading and writing Excel spreadsheet files. ExcelPackage is another open-source project that provides server-side generation of Microsoft Excel 2007 spreadsheets. PHPExcel is a PHP library that converts Excel5, Excel 2003, and Excel 2007 formats into objects for reading and writing within a web application. Excel Services is a current .NET developer tool that can enhance Excel's capabilities. Excel spreadsheets can be accessed from Python with xlrd and openpyxl. js-xlsx and js-xls can open Excel spreadsheets from JS.
Password protection
Main article: Microsoft Office password protection
Microsoft Excel protection offers several types of passwords:
Password to open a document [41]
Password to modify a document [42]
Password to unprotect worksheet
Password to protect workbook
Password to protect the sharing workbook [43]
All passwords except password to open a document can be removed instantly regardless of Microsoft Excel version used to create the document. These types of passwords are used primarily for shared work on a document. Such password-protected documents are not encrypted, and a data sources from a set password is saved in a document’s header. Password to protect workbook is an exception – when it is set, a document is encrypted with the standard password “VelvetSweatshop”, but since it is known to public, it actually does not add any extra protection to the document. The only type of password that can prevent a trespasser from gaining access to a document is password to open a document. The cryptographic strength of this kind of protection depends strongly on the Microsoft Excel version that was used to create the document.
In Microsoft Excel 95 and earlier versions, password to open is converted to a 16-bit key that can be instantly cracked. In Excel 97/2000 the password is converted to a 40-bit key, which can also be cracked very quickly using modern equipment. As regards services which use rainbow tables (e.g. Password-Find), it takes up to several seconds to remove protection. In addition, password-cracking programs can brute-force attack passwords at a rate of hundreds of thousands of passwords a second, which not only lets them decrypt a document, but also find the original password.
In Excel 2003/XP the encryption is slightly better – a user can choose any encryption algorithm that is available in the system (see Cryptographic Service Provider). Due to the CSP, an Excel file can't be decrypted, and thus the password to open can't be removed, though the brute-force attack speed remains quite high. Nevertheless, the older Excel 97/2000 algorithm is set by the default.[44] Therefore, users who did not changed the default settings lack reliable protection of their documents.
The situation changed fundamentally in Excel 2007, where the modern AES algorithm with a key of 128 bits started being used for decryption, and a 50,000-fold use of the hash function SHA1 reduced the speed of brute-force attacks down to hundreds of passwords per second. In Excel 2010, the strength of the protection by the default was increased two times due to the use of a 100,000-fold SHA1 to convert a password to a key.
Microsoft Excel Viewer
Microsoft Excel Viewer is a freeware program for viewing and printing spreadsheet documents created by Excel.[45] Excel Viewer is similar to Microsoft Word Viewer in functionality. (There is not a current version for the Mac.) Excel Viewer is available for Microsoft Windows and Windows CE handheld PCs, such as the NEC MobilePro.[46] It is also possible to open Excel files using certain online tools and services.[citation needed]Online excel viewers do not require users to have Microsoft Excel installed.[45]
Quirks
Further information: Spreadsheet § Shortcomings
Other errors specific to Excel include misleading statistics functions, mod function errors, date limitations and the Excel 2007 error.[47]
Statistical functions
The accuracy and convenience of statistical tools in Excel has been criticized,[48][49][50][51][52] as mishandling missing data, as returning incorrect values due to inept handling of round-off and large numbers, as only selectively updating calculations on a spreadsheet when some cell values are changed, and as having a limited set of statistical tools. Microsoft has announced some of these issues are addressed in Excel 2010.[53]
Excel MOD function error
Excel has issues with modulo operations. In the case of excessively large results, Excel will return the error warning #NUM! instead of an answer.[54][55]
Fictional leap day in the year 1900
Excel includes February 29, 1900, incorrectly treating 1900 as a leap year, even though e.g. 2100 is correctly treated as a regular year.[56][57] The bug originated from Lotus 1-2-3 (deliberately implemented to save computer memory), and was also purposely implemented in Excel, for the purpose of bug compatibility.[58] This legacy has later been carried over into Office Open XML file format.[59]
Thus a (not necessarily whole) number greater than or equal to 61 interpreted as a date and time is the (real) number of days after December 30, 1899, 0:00, a non-negative number less than 60 is the number of days after December 31, 1899, 0:00, and numbers with whole part 60 represent the fictional day.
Date range
Excel supports dates with years in the range 1900-9999, except that December 31, 1899 can be entered as 0 and is displayed as 0-jan-1900.
Converting a fraction of a day into hours, minutes and days by treating it as a moment on the day January 1, 1900, does not work for a negative fraction.[60]
Conversion problems
Entering text that happens to be in a form that is interpreted as a date, the text can be unintentionally changed to a standard date format. A similar problem occurs when a text happens to be in the form of a floating point notation of a number. In these cases the original exact text cannot be recovered from the result. In the case of entering gene names this is a well known problem in the analysis of DNA, for example in bioinformatics. The problem was first described in 2004.[61][62]
Filenames
Microsoft Excel will not open two documents with the same name and instead will display the following error:
A document with the name '%s' is already open. You cannot open two documents with the same name, even if the documents are in different folders. To open the second document, either close the document that is currently open, or rename one of the documents.[63]
The reason is for calculation ambiguity with linked cells. If there is a cell ='[Book1.xlsx]Sheet1'!$G$33, and there are two books named "Book1" open, there is no way to tell which one the user means.[64]
Numeric precision
Main article: Numeric precision in Microsoft Excel
Excel maintains 15 figures in its numbers, but they are not always accurate: the bottom line should be the same as the top line.
Despite the use of 15-figure precision, Excel can display many more figures (up to thirty) upon user request. But the displayed figures are not those actually used in its computations, and so, for example, the difference of two numbers may differ from the difference of their displayed values. Although such departures are usually beyond the 15th decimal, exceptions do occur, especially for very large or very small numbers. Serious errors can occur if decisions are made based upon automated comparisons of numbers (for example, using the Excel If function), as equality of two numbers can be unpredictable.[citation needed]
In the figure the fraction 1/9000 is displayed in Excel. Although this number has a decimal representation that is an infinite string of ones, Excel displays only the leading 15 figures. In the second line, the number one is added to the fraction, and again Excel displays only 15 figures. In the third line, one is subtracted from the sum using Excel. Because the sum in the second line has only eleven 1's after the decimal, the difference when 1 is subtracted from this displayed value is three 0's followed by a string of eleven 1's. However, the difference reported by Excel in the third line is three 0's followed by a string of thirteen 1's and two extra erroneous digits. This is because Excel calculates with about half a digit more than it displays.
Excel works with a modified 1985 version of the IEEE 754 specification.[65] Excel's implementation involves conversions between binary and decimal representations, leading to accuracy that is on average better than one would expect from simple fifteen digit precision, but that can be worse. See the main article for details.
Besides accuracy in user computations, the question of accuracy in Excel-provided functions may be raised. Particularly in the arena of statistical functions, Excel has been criticized for sacrificing accuracy for speed of calculation.[66][67]
As many calculations in Excel are executed using VBA, an additional issue is the accuracy of VBA, which varies with variable type and user-requested precision.[68]
Content type auto-detection
In 2004 scientists reported automatic (and inadvertent) conversion of gene nomenclature into dates.[61] A follow-up study in 2016 found many peer reviewed scientific journal papers had been affected and that "Of the selected journals, the proportion of published articles with Excel files containing gene lists that are affected by gene name errors is 19.6 %.[62] Excel parses the copied and pasted data and sometimes changes them depending on what it thinks they are. For example, MARCH1 (Membrane Associated Ring-CH-type finger 1) gets converted to the date March 1 (1-Mar) and SEPT2 (Septin 2) is converted into September 2 (2-Sep) etc.[69] While some secondary news sources[70] reported this as a fault with Excel, the original authors of the 2016 paper placed the blame with the researchers mis-using Excel.[62][71]
Versions
Early history
Microsoft originally marketed a spreadsheet program called Multiplan in 1982. Multiplan became very popular on CP/M systems, but on MS-DOS systems it lost popularity to Lotus 1-2-3. Microsoft released the first version of Excel for the Macintosh on September 30, 1985, and the first Windows version was 2.05 (to synchronize with the Macintosh version 2.2) in November 1987.[72] Lotus was slow to bring 1-2-3 to Windows and by the early 1990s Excel had started to outsell 1-2-3 and helped Microsoft achieve its position as a leading PC software developer. This accomplishment solidified Microsoft as a valid competitor and showed its future of developing GUI software. Microsoft maintained its advantage with regular new releases, every two years or so.
Microsoft Windows
Excel 2.0 is the first version of Excel for the Intel platform. Versions prior to 2.0 were only available on the Apple Macintosh.
Excel 2.0 (1987)
The first Windows version was labeled "2" to correspond to the Mac version. This included a run-time version of Windows.[73]
BYTE in 1989 listed Excel for Windows as among the "Distinction" winners of the BYTE Awards. The magazine stated that the port of the "extraordinary" Macintosh version "shines", with a user interface as good as or better than the original.[74]
Excel 3.0 (1990)
Included toolbars, drawing capabilities, outlining, add-in support, 3D charts, and many more new features.[73]
Excel 4.0 (1992)
Introduced auto-fill.[75]
Also, an easter egg in Excel 4.0 reveals a hidden animation of a dancing set of numbers 1 through 3, representing Lotus 1-2-3, which was then crushed by an Excel logo.[76]
Excel 5.0 (1993)
With version 5.0, Excel has included Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), a programming language based on Visual Basic which adds the ability to automate tasks in Excel and to provide user-defined functions (UDF) for use in worksheets. VBA is a powerful addition to the application and includes a fully featured integrated development environment (IDE). Macro recording can produce VBA code replicating user actions, thus allowing simple automation of regular tasks. VBA allows the creation of forms and in‑worksheet controls to communicate with the user. The language supports use (but not creation) of ActiveX (COM) DLL's; later versions add support for class modules allowing the use of basic object-oriented programming techniques.
The automation functionality provided by VBA made Excel a target for macro viruses. This caused serious problems until antivirus products began to detect these viruses. Microsoft belatedly took steps to prevent the misuse by adding the ability to disable macros completely, to enable macros when opening a workbook or to trust all macros signed using a trusted certificate.
Versions 5.0 to 9.0 of Excel contain various Easter eggs, including a "Hall of Tortured Souls", although since version 10 Microsoft has taken measures to eliminate such undocumented features from their products.[77]
5.0 was released in a 16-bit x86 version for Windows 3.1 and later in a 32-bit version for NT 3.51 (x86/Alpha/PowerPC)
Excel 95 (v7.0)
Microsoft Excel 95
Released in 1995 with Microsoft Office for Windows 95, this is the first major version after Excel 5.0, as there is no Excel 6.0 with all of the Office applications standardizing on the same major version number.
Internal rewrite to 32-bits. Almost no external changes, but faster and more stable.
Excel 97 (v8.0)
Included in Office 97 (for x86 and Alpha). This was a major upgrade that introduced the paper clip office assistant and featured standard VBA used instead of internal Excel Basic. It introduced the now-removed Natural Language labels.
This version of Excel includes a flight simulator as an Easter Egg.
Excel 2000 (v9.0)
Microsoft Excel 2000
Included in Office 2000. This was a minor upgrade, but introduced an upgrade to the clipboard where it can hold multiple objects at once. The Office Assistant, whose frequent unsolicited appearance in Excel 97 had annoyed many users, became less intrusive.
Excel 2002 (v10.0)
Included in Office XP. Very minor enhancements.
Excel 2003 (v11.0)
Included in Office 2003. Minor enhancements, most significant being the new Tables.
Excel 2007 (v12.0)
Microsoft Excel 2007
Included in Office 2007. This release was a major upgrade from the previous version. Similar to other updated Office products, Excel in 2007 used the new Ribbon menu system. This was different from what users were used to, and was met with mixed reactions. One study reported fairly good acceptance by users except highly experienced users and users of word processing applications with a classical WIMP interface, but was less convinced in terms of efficiency and organisation.[78] However, an online survey reported that a majority of respondents had a negative opinion of the change, with advanced users being "somewhat more negative" than intermediate users, and users reporting a self-estimated reduction in productivity.[79]
Added functionality included the SmartArt set of editable business diagrams. Also added was an improved management of named variables through the Name Manager, and much improved flexibility in formatting graphs, which allow (x, y) coordinate labeling and lines of arbitrary weight. Several improvements to pivot tables were introduced.
Also like other office products, the Office Open XML file formats were introduced, including .xlsm for a workbook with macros and .xlsx for a workbook without macros.[80]
Specifically, many of the size limitations of previous versions were greatly increased. To illustrate, the number of rows was now 1,048,576 (220) and columns was 16,384 (214; the far-right column is XFD). This changes what is a valid A1 reference versus a named range. This version made more extensive use of multiple cores for the calculation of spreadsheets; however, VBA macros are not handled in parallel and XLL add‑ins were only executed in parallel if they were thread-safe and this was indicated at registration.
Excel 2010 (v14.0)
Microsoft Excel 2010 running on Windows 7
Included in Office 2010, this is the next major version after v12.0, as version number 13 was skipped.
Minor enhancements and 64-bit support,[81] including the following:
Multi-threading recalculation (MTR) for commonly used functions
Improved pivot tables
More conditional formatting options
Additional image editing capabilities
In-cell charts called sparklines
Ability to preview before pasting
Office 2010 backstage feature for document-related tasks
Ability to customize the Ribbon
Many new formulas, most highly specialized to improve accuracy[82]
Excel 2013 (v15.0)
Included in Office 2013, along with a lot of new tools included in this release:
Improved Multi-threading and Memory Contention
FlashFill[83]
Power View[84]
Power Pivot[85]
Timeline Slicer[86]
Windows App
Inquire[87]
50 new functions[88]
Excel 2016 (v16.0)
Included in Office 2016, along with a lot of new tools included in this release:
Power Query integration
Read-only mode for Excel
Keyboard access for Pivot Tables and Slicers in Excel
New Chart Types
Quick data linking in Visio
Excel forecasting functions
Support for multi-selection of Slicer items using touch
Time grouping and Pivot Chart Drill Down
Excel data cards[89]
Apple Macintosh
Microsoft Excel for Mac 2011
1985 Excel 1.0
1988 Excel 1.5
1989 Excel 2.2
1990 Excel 3.0
1992 Excel 4.0
1993 Excel 5.0 (part of Office 4.x—Final Motorola 680x0 version[90] and first PowerPC version)
1998 Excel 8.0 (part of Office 98)
2000 Excel 9.0 (part of Office 2001)
2001 Excel 10.0 (part of Office v. X)
2004 Excel 11.0 (part of Office 2004)
2008 Excel 12.0 (part of Office 2008)
2011 Excel 14.0 (part of Office 2011)
2015 Excel 15.0 (part of Office 2016— Office 2016 for Mac brings the Mac version much closer to parity with its Windows cousin, harmonizing many of the reporting and high-level developer functions, while bringing the ribbon and styling into line with its PC counterpart.)[91]
OS/2
1989 Excel 2.2
1990 Excel 2.3
1991 Excel 3.0
Summary
Legend:
Old version Older version, still supported Current stable version Latest preview version Future release
Microsoft Excel for Windows release history
Year
Name
Version
Comments
1987 Excel 2 Old version, no longer supported: 2.0 Renumbered to 2 to correspond with contemporary Macintosh version
1990 Excel 3 Old version, no longer supported: 3.0 Added 3D graphing capabilities
1992 Excel 4 Old version, no longer supported: 4.0 Introduced auto-fill feature
1993 Excel 5 Old version, no longer supported: 5.0 Included Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) and various object-oriented options
1995 Excel 95 Old version, no longer supported: 7.0 Renumbered for contemporary Word version. Both programs were packaged in Microsoft Office by this time.
1997 Excel 97 Old version, no longer supported: 8.0
2000 Excel 2000 Old version, no longer supported: 9.0 Part of Microsoft Office 2000, which was itself part of Windows Millennium (also known as "Windows ME").
2002 Excel 2002 Old version, no longer supported: 10.0
2003 Excel 2003 Old version, no longer supported: 11.0 Released only 1 year later to correspond better with the rest of Microsoft Office (Word, PowerPoint, etc.).
2007 Excel 2007 Old version, no longer supported: 12.0
2010 Excel 2010 Older version, yet still supported: 14.0 Due to superstitions surrounding the number 13, Excel 13 was skipped in version counting.
2013 Excel 2013 Older version, yet still supported: 15.0 Introduced 50 more mathematical functions (available as pre-packaged commands, rather than typing the formula manually).
2016 Excel 2016 Current stable version: 16.0 Part of Microsoft Office 2016
Microsoft Excel for Macintosh release history
Year
Name
Version
Comments
1985 Excel 1 Old version, no longer supported: 1.0 Initial version of Excel
1988 Excel 1.5 Old version, no longer supported: 1.5
1989 Excel 2 Old version, no longer supported: 2.2
1990 Excel 3 Old version, no longer supported: 3.0
1992 Excel 4 Old version, no longer supported: 4.0
1993 Excel 5 Old version, no longer supported: 5.0 Only available on PowerPC-based Macs. First PowerPC version.
1998 Excel 98 Old version, no longer supported: 8.0 Excel 6 and Excel 7 were skipped to correspond with the rest of Microsoft Office at the time.
2000 Excel 2000 Old version, no longer supported: 9.0
2001 Excel 2001 Old version, no longer supported: 10.0
2004 Excel 2004 Old version, no longer supported: 11.0
2008 Excel 2008 Old version, no longer supported: 12.0
2011 Excel 2011 Old version, no longer supported: 14.0 As with the Windows version, version 13 was skipped for superstitious reasons.
2016 Excel 2016 Current stable version: 16.0 As with the rest of Microsoft Office, so it is for Excel: Future release dates for the Macintosh version are intended to correspond better to those for the Windows version, from 2016 onward.
Microsoft Excel for OS/2 release history
Year
Name
Version
Comments
1989 Excel 2.2 Old version, no longer supported: 2.2 Numbered in between Windows versions at the time
1990 Excel 2.3 Old version, no longer supported: 2.3
1991 Excel 3 Old version, no longer supported: 3.0 Last OS/2 version. Discontinued subseries of Microsoft Excel, which is otherwise still an actively developed program.
Impact
Excel offers many user interface tweaks over the earliest electronic spreadsheets; however, the essence remains the same as in the original spreadsheet software, VisiCalc: the program displays cells organized in rows and columns, and each cell may contain data or a formula, with relative or absolute references to other cells.
Excel 2.0 for Windows, which was modeled after its Mac GUI-based counterpart, indirectly expanded the installed base of the then-nascent Windows environment. Excel 2.0 was released a month before Windows 2.0, and the installed base of Windows was so low at that point in 1987 that Microsoft had to bundle a runtime version of Windows 1.0 with Excel 2.0.[92] Unlike Microsoft Word, there never was a DOS version of Excel.
Excel became the first spreadsheet to allow the user to define the appearance of spreadsheets (fonts, character attributes and cell appearance). It also introduced intelligent cell recomputation, where only cells dependent on the cell being modified are updated (previous spreadsheet programs recomputed everything all the time or waited for a specific user command). Excel introduced auto-fill, the ability to drag and expand the selection box to automatically copy cell or row contents to adjacent cells or rows, adjusting the copies intelligently by automatically incrementing cell references or contents. Excel also introduced extensive graphing capabilities.
Security
Because Excel is widely used, it has been attacked by hackers. While Excel is not directly exposed to the Internet, if an attacker can get a victim to open a file in Excel, and there is an appropriate security bug in Excel, then the attacker can get control of the victim's computer.[93] UK's GCHQ has a tool named TORNADO ALLEY with this purpose.[94][95]
See also
Comparison of spreadsheet software
Comparison of risk analysis Microsoft Excel add-ins
Spreadmart
Numbers (spreadsheet) - the iWork equivalent
References
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General references
Bullen, Stephen; Bovey, Rob; Green, John (2009). Professional Excel development: The definitive guide to developing applications using Microsoft Excel and VBA (2nd ed.). Addison Wesley. ISBN 0-321-50879-3.
Dodge, Mark; Stinson, Craig (2007). Microsoft Office Excel 2007 inside out. Microsoft Press. ISBN 0-7356-2321-X.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Microsoft Excel.
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Excel
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