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Google Doodle
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For the software service included in G Suite, see Google Drawings.
The first ever Google Doodle of August 30, 1998, celebrating Burning Man
A Google Doodle is a special, temporary alteration of the logo on Google's homepages that commemorates holidays, events, achievements, and people. The first Google Doodle honored the Burning Man festival in 1998,[1][2] and was designed by Larry Page and Sergey Brin to notify users of their absence in case the servers crashed. Subsequent Google Doodles were designed by an outside contractor until 2000, when Page and Brin asked public relations officer Dennis Hwang to design a logo for Bastille Day. Since then, a team of employees called Doodlers have organized and published the Doodles.[3]
Initially, Doodles were neither animated nor hyperlinked—they were simply images with hovertext describing the subject or expressing a holiday greeting. Doodles increased in both frequency and complexity by the beginning of the 2010s. In January 2010 the first animated Doodle honored Sir Isaac Newton.[4] The first interactive Doodle appeared shortly thereafter celebrating Pac-Man,[5] and hyperlinks also began to be added to Doodles, usually linking to a search results page for the subject of the Doodle. By 2014, Google had published over 2,000 regional and international Doodles throughout its homepages,[6] often featuring guest artists, musicians, and personalities.[7]
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
1.1 Doodlers
1.2 Interactive and video doodles
1.3 Common themes
2 "Doodle 4 Google" competitions
3 Controversy and criticism
3.1 Religious holidays
4 See also
5 Notes
6 References
7 External links
Overview[edit]
Artist and "Doodler" Jennifer Hom has designed many Doodles throughout the years[8]
As well as celebrating many well-known events and holidays, Google Doodles are known for celebrating several noted artists and scientists on their birthdays, including Andy Warhol, Albert Einstein, Leonardo da Vinci, Rabindranath Tagore, Louis Braille, Ella Fitzgerald, Percival Lowell, Edvard Munch, Nikola Tesla, Béla Bartók, René Magritte, Norman Hetherington, John Lennon, Michael Jackson, Vladimir Dakhno, Robert Moog, Akira Kurosawa, Satyajit Ray, H. G. Wells, Freddie Mercury, Samuel Morse, Hans Christian Ørsted, Mahatma Gandhi, Dennis Gabor, Édith Piaf, Constantin Brâncuși, Antonio Vivaldi, Abdel Halim Hafez, Jules Verne, Leonhard Euler, and James Welch, among over 9,000 others.[9] The featuring of Lowell's logo design coincided with the launch of another Google product, Google Maps. Google Doodles are also used to depict major events at Google, such as the company's own anniversary.[10] The celebration of historical events is another common topic of Google Doodles including a Lego brick design in celebration of the interlocking Lego block's 50th anniversary. Some Google Doodles are limited to Google's country-specific home pages while others appear globally.[11]
Doodlers[edit]
The illustrators, engineers, and artists who design Google Doodles are called "Doodlers." These doodlers have included artists like Ekua Holmes, Jennifer Hom, Sophia Foster-Dimino, Ranganath Krishnamani, and Dennis Hwang.[8][12][13][14]
Interactive and video doodles[edit]
Google's interactive Pac-Man logo
In May 2010, on the 30th anniversary of the arcade game Pac-Man, Google unveiled worldwide their first interactive logo, created in association with Namco.[15] Anyone who visited Google could play Pac-Man on the logo, which featured the letters of the word "Google" on the Pac-Man maze. The logo also mimicked the sounds the original arcade game made. The "I'm Feeling Lucky" button was replaced with an "Insert Coin" button. Pressing this once enabled you to play the Pac-Man logo. Pressing it once more added a second player, Ms. Pac-Man, enabling two players to play at once, controlled using the W, A, S, D keys, instead of the arrows as used by Player 1. Pressing it for a third time performed an "I'm Feeling Lucky" search. It was then removed on May 23, 2010, initially replacing Pac-Man with the normal logo. Later on that day, Google released[16] a permanent Google Pac-Man site, due to the popular user demand for the playable logo.[16]
Since that time, Google has continued to post occasional interactive and video doodles, including but not limited to the following (note the increased frequency in 2016/17):
On October 8, 2010, Google ran its first video doodle, a short animation set to the music of "Imagine" to mark John Lennon's 70th birthday.[17] Similarly, Freddie Mercury's 65th birthday was celebrated on September 5, 2011, with an animated clip set to "Don't Stop Me Now".[18]
On April 15, 2011, Google sported the first live-action video doodle, commemorating Charlie Chaplin's 122nd birthday.[19] This doodle was a black and white YouTube video that, when clicked upon, started playing before redirecting to the usual Google search featuring the doodle's special occasion. All parts in this short film were played by the Google Doodle team, and special behind-the-scenes footage was to be found on the Google blog.
A G major scale being played on the Google Guitar
Google displayed an interactive electric guitar doodle starting June 9, 2011, to celebrate the 96th birthday of Les Paul. Apart from being able to hover the cursor over the doodle to strum the strings just like one of Les Paul's Gibson guitars, there was also a keyboard button, which when enabled allowed interaction with the doodle via the keyboard. The doodle still maintained some resemblance to the Google logo. In the U.S, the doodle also allowed the user to record a 30-second clip, after which a URL is created and can be sent to others. The doodle remained on the site an extra day due to popularity in the US. It now has its own page linked to the Google Doodles archives.[20]
On June 23, 2012, in commemoration of Alan Turing's 100th birthday, Google's logo became an interactive Turing Machine.[21]
On November 23, 2013, Google's logo changed to a playable simplistic Doctor Who game in honor of the show's 50th anniversary.[22]
On March 21, 2014, in commemoration of Ayrton Senna's 54th birthday, Google's logo became an interactive.
On May 19, 2014, for the 40th anniversary of the Rubik's Cube, Google made an interactive virtual Rubik's Cube that people could try to solve.
On April 14, 2015, for the 155th anniversary of the Pony Express, Google made a playable 2D side-scrolling doodle game in which the player collects mail, avoids obstacles, and delivers up to 100 letters from California to Missouri.[23]
On December 17, 2015, a Google Doodle was featured honoring the 245th anniversary of Beethoven's baptism.[24] It features an interactive game to match the musical writing in correct order as it featured 4 levels.
On August 5, 2016, for the 2016 Summer Olympics, the Google app received an update for Android and iOS devices to include 7 mini games called "Doodle Fruit Games" featuring Strawberry, Blueberry, Coconut, Pineapple, and more. It lasted until August 21, with a new mini game every day. The game was accessible on the Google app by clicking on a play button.
On October 30, 2016, for Halloween, Google added a game called Magic Cat Academy, featuring a cat named Momo fighting ghosts. To play, users had to click on a play button, and users have to "draw" to kill the ghosts.
On February 11, 12th, 13th, and 14, 2017, for Valentine's Day, Google added a game featuring the endangered pangolin, an African and Asian mammal, that you go though 4 levels (one released each day), while avoiding obstacles.
On June 22, 2017, to celebrate the 117th birthday of Oskar Fischinger, a musician, Google released an interactive fullscreen Doodle that let users create their own musical songs by tapping on the screen. The user could then choose to share it to social media. The game was accessible by tapping on 2 play buttons.[25]
On August 11, 2017, the 44th anniversary of DJ Kool Herc's pioneering use of the hip-hop break, the Google Doodle allowed users use a double turntable to act as a hip-hop DJ.[26]
On September 4, 2017, to celebrate the 83rd birthday of Russian baritone singer Eduard Khil, Google added a video doodle that featured an animated Eduard Khil singing "I am very glad, as I'm finally returning back home", known globally as the "Trololo" song.
On December 4, 2017, Google celebrated 50 years of kids' coding languages with an Interactive Doodle.[27][28]
Common themes[edit]
For New Year 2014, Google created an animated image depicting dancing numbers
Since Google first celebrated the Thanksgiving holiday with a Doodle in 1998, many Doodles for holidays, events, and other celebrations have recurred on an annual basis, including the following:
Gregorian New Year (2000–present)
Martin Luther King, Jr. Day (2003; 2006–present)
Lunar New Year (2001; 2003–present)
Valentine's Day (2000–present; partial exception during certain Olympic years)
International Women's Day (2005; 2009–present)
Saint Patrick's Day (2000–2002; 2004–present)
Earth Day (2001–present)
Mother's Day (2000–present)
Father's Day (2000–present)
U.S. Independence Day (2000–present)
Bastille Day (2000–present)
Olympic Games (2000–present; partial exception in 2014)[29]
Halloween (1999–present)
U.S. Thanksgiving Day (1998–present)
"December holiday period"[30] (1999–present)[a]
New Year's Eve (2010–present)
"Doodle 4 Google" competitions[edit]
Original Google "Doodler" employee Dennis Hwang at a Doodle 4 Google event in Beijing
Main article: Doodle 4 Google
Google holds competitions for school students to create their own Google doodles, referred to as "Doodle 4 Google".[33] Winning doodles go onto the Doodle 4 Google website, where the public can vote for the winner, who wins a trip to the Googleplex and the hosting of the winning doodle for 24 hours on the Google website.
The competition originated in the United Kingdom, and has since expanded to the United States and other countries. The competition was also held in Ireland in 2008.[34] Google announced a Doodle 4 Google competition for India in 2009[35] and the winning doodle was displayed on the Google India homepage on November 14. A similar competition held in Singapore based on the theme "Our Singapore" was launched in January 2010 and the winning entry was chosen from over 30,000 entries received. The winning design will be shown on Singapore's National Day on Google Singapore's homepage.[36] It was held again in 2015 in Singapore and was themed 'Singapore: The next 50 years'.
Controversy and criticism[edit]
See also: Criticism of Google
On September 13, 2007, Google posted a doodle honoring author Roald Dahl on the anniversary of his birth. This date also happened to coincide with the first day of the Jewish holiday of Rosh Hashanah, and Google was immediately criticized by some groups for this decision due to the fact that Dahl was anti-Israel. Google removed the Doodle by 2:00 p.m. that day, and there remains no evidence of its existence in Google's official Doodle archive to this date.[37][38] Google was also criticized for not featuring versions of the Google logo for American patriotic holidays such as Memorial Day and Veterans Day.[39] That year, Google featured a logo commemorating Veterans Day.[40]
In 2014, Google received some criticism for failing to honor the 70th anniversary of the D-Day invasion with a Doodle and instead honoring a Japanese Go player.[41] In response to the criticism, Google deleted the logo and added a series of links to images of the invasion of Normandy.[41] Google was also criticized following a study[42] indicating that the majority of doodle subjects were white men, and that not enough women or people of other races were celebrated. The company responded that the issue was being addressed.[43]
On May 19, 2016, Google honored Yuri Kochiyama, an Asian American activist and member of the Maoist-based black nationalist group Revolutionary Action Movement, with a Doodle on its main U.S. homepage.[44][45][46] This choice was criticized due to some of Kochiyama's controversial opinions, such as an admiration for Osama bin Laden and Mao Zedong.[44][45][47] U.S. Senator Pat Toomey called for a public apology from Google.[48] Google did not respond to any criticism, nor did they alter the presentation of the Doodle on their homepage or on the Doodle's dedicated page.[49]
Religious holidays[edit]
Google typically abstains from referencing or celebrating religious holidays specifically in Doodles, or in cases when they do, religious themes and iconography are avoided. Google has acknowledged this as an official policy, stating in April 2018 that they "don't have Doodles for religious holidays", as per "current Doodle guidelines." Google further explained that Doodles may appear for some "non-religious celebrations that have grown out of religious holidays", citing Valentine's Day (Catholicism), Holi (Hinduism), and Tu B'Av (Judaism) as examples, but that the company does not include "religious imagery or symbolism" as part of those Doodles.[30]
Google has been criticized for its inconsistency regarding this implementation, notably its lack of Doodles for major Christian holidays. Critics point to its yearly recognition of the Jewish and Hindu festivals of Tu B'av and Holi, while Easter only received a Doodle once in 2000,[50] and Christmas is not specifically celebrated.[a] In March 2013, Google was notably criticized for celebrating American activist Cesar Chavez on Easter Sunday with a Doodle instead of Easter.[51]
See also[edit]
Brand management
Interactive media
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Every year since 1999, Google has used a special international doodle as either one logo, or several interconnected logos, spanning at least the day of December 25 (sometimes beginning as early as December 20, and ending as late as December 27). Many of the logos have had winter themes, despite it being summer in the Southern Hemisphere, but few have had explicitly Christmas themes, opting for generic gift-giving instead. Google has rarely if ever used the word "Christmas" in relation to these Doodles, though multiple news sources have.[31][32] Google has used terminology including "season's greetings", "happy holidays", "'tis the season", "end of year", and "holiday series" to describe the Doodles.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Doodle 4 Google". Google.com. Retrieved April 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Burning Man Festival". Google.com. August 30, 1998. Retrieved April 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Meet the people behind the Google Doodles". The Guardian. April 12, 2014. Retrieved September 27, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Isaac Newton's birth marked by Google Doodle". The Telegraph. January 4, 2010. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ Nelson, Randy (May 21, 2010). "Google celebrates Pac-Man's 30th anniversary with playable logo". Joystiq. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Google blunder over D-Day doodle". BBC News. June 6, 2014. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ "How Google made its Valentine's Day Doodle". Time Magazine. February 14, 2014. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Barnett, Emma (February 19, 2013). "Creating a women's Google Doodle was too frightening". The Telegraph. Retrieved September 29, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Stress Cultlogos". Google. Retrieved August 14, 2009.
Jump up ^ Matthew Moore (September 27, 2009). "Googlle: Google releases misspelt logo to mark 11th anniversary". The Telegraph. London. Retrieved September 27, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Google doodles a fresh beginning on New Year's Day". CNN-IBN. December 31, 2011. Retrieved December 31, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Roxbury artist creates Google Doodle for MLK Day - The Boston Globe". BostonGlobe.com. Retrieved April 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Hogenboom, Melissa (August 13, 2012). "Google's doodles: Who's behind them?". BBC News. Retrieved April 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ http://baladycreatives.com/sophia-foster-dimino/
Jump up ^ Daniel Terdiman (May 21, 2010). "Google gets Pac-Man fever". Geek Gestalt. CNET. Retrieved December 24, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Mayer, Marissa (May 23, 2010). "Official Google Blog: PAC-MAN rules!". Googleblog.blogspot.com. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ "John Lennon's 70th Birthday". Google.com. October 8, 2010. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Freddie Mercury's 65th Birthday". Google.com. September 5, 2011. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ Germick, Ryan (April 15, 2011). "Official Google Blog: Lights, camera, doodle!". Googleblog.blogspot.com. Retrieved April 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ Jemima Kiss (June 9, 2011). "Les Paul: Google's best doodle yet?". The Guardian. London. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
Jump up ^ Kathy CeceriEmail Author. "A Google Doodle for Alan Turing's 100th Birthday | GeekMom". Wired.com. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Doctor Who's 50th Anniversary". Google.com. November 23, 2013. Retrieved April 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ "155th Anniversary of the Pony Express". Google.com. April 14, 2015. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Celebrating Ludwig van Beethoven's 245th Year". Google. Retrieved December 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kilpatrick, Ryan (June 22, 2017). "Google Honors Animator Oskar Fischinger With This Amazing Interactive Doodle". Time. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Hip-hop history: Google creates epic musical Doodle to kick off 44th birthday jam". August 11, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ http://time.com/5047299/kids-coding-languages-google-doodle-logo/
Jump up ^ http://metro.co.uk/2017/12/04/what-is-kids-coding-and-what-languages-can-they-use-7129873/
Jump up ^ Taylor, Chris (February 6, 2017). "Rainbow Olympic Google Doodle Disses Russia's Anti-Gay Laws". Mashable. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Miles, Frank (April 1, 2018). "Google snubbed Easter with no doodle for 18th year in a row". Fox News. Retrieved April 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ Feeney, Nolan (December 25, 2014). "Google's Christmas Doodle Feels Your Holiday Travel Pain". TIME. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
Jump up ^ Jiwrajka, Shikhar (December 25, 2014). "Merry Christmas Google Doodle: 'Tis the Season latest doodle begins 'Happy Holidays' with an amusing journey!". India.com. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Doodle4Google Page". Google.com. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ "'Doodle 4 Google – My Ireland' competition". Google.ie. December 18, 2009. Archived from the original on December 18, 2010. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ "'Doodle 4 Google — My India'". Google India. November 14, 2009. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Doodle 4 Google.com — Our Singapore". Google Singapore. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ Brown, Eliot (September 13, 2007). "Google Criticized for Honoring 'Anti-Israel' Author on Rosh Hashanah". The New York Sun. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Google Doodles".
Jump up ^ Puzzanghera, Jim (October 9, 2007). "Tweaks send Google critics into orbit". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "More Google: Holiday Logos". Google.com. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Mulshine, Molly (June 6, 2014). "D'oh: Google Deletes Non-D-Day Doodle – They accidentally honored a Japanese Go player instead". The New York Observer. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ Irani, Mahafreed (March 2, 2014). "Feminist group wants Google to correct the imbalance in their doodles". DNA Sunday.
Jump up ^ Grinberg, Emanuella (June 5, 2014). "Why You're Seeing More Women and People of Color Google Doodles". CNN. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Matthews, Dylan (May 19, 2016). "Yuri Kochiyama, today's Google Doodle, fought for civil rights — and praised Osama bin Laden". Vox. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Neff, Blake (May 19, 2016). "Google Honors Bin Laden Supporter With Google Doodle". The Daily Caller. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ Ross, Janell (May 19, 2016). "Google commemorates a very controversial civil-rights figure, Yuri Kochiyama". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ Lee, Edmund (May 19, 2016). "Google celebrated civil rights leader Yuri Kochiyama and some people think it's promoting radicalism". Recode. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ Trujillo, Mario (May 20, 2016). "GOP senator slams Google for tribute to controversial civil rights figure". The Hill. Retrieved May 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Yuri Kochiyama's 95th Birthday". Google, Inc. May 19, 2016. Retrieved September 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ "No Google Doodle For Easter: Google Snubs Easter For 17th Year In A Row". The Inquisitr. 2017-04-17. Retrieved 2018-04-01.
Jump up ^ Cavna, Michael (March 31, 2013). "Google criticized for not marking Easter; company says 'it's difficult for us to choose'". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
External links[edit]
Google Doodles archive
Google Doodle's channel on YouTube
Google Doodle on Twitter
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Deborah
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Deborah (disambiguation).
Deborah
Deborah as portrayed in Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Residence
Shelter in Mount Ephraim, which is between Ramah in Benjamin and Bethel
Other names
Debora, Débora, Dvora
Occupation
Prophet of God, Fourth Judge of Israel
Predecessor
Shamgar
Successor
Gideon
Spouse(s)
Lapidoth
שופטים
Judges in the Bible
Italics indicate individuals not explicitly described as judges
Book of Joshua
Joshua
Book of Judges
Othniel
Ehud
Shamgar
Deborah
Gideon
Abimelech
Tola
Jair
Jephthah
Ibzan
Elon
Abdon
Samson
First Book of Samuel
Eli
Samuel
v
t
e
According to the Book of Judges chapters 4 and 5, Deborah (Hebrew: דְּבוֹרָה, Modern Dvora, Tiberian Dəḇôrā; "Bee") was a prophet of Yahweh the God of the Israelites, the fourth Judge of pre-monarchic Israel and the only female judge mentioned in the Bible, and the wife of Lapidoth. Deborah told Barak that Yahweh commanded him to lead an attack against the forces of Jabin king of Canaan and his military commander Sisera (Judges 4:6-7); the entire narrative is recounted in chapter 4.
Judges chapter 5 gives the same story in poetic form. This passage, often called The Song of Deborah, may date to as early as the 12th century BC[1] and is perhaps the earliest sample of Hebrew poetry.
She is considered a saint in the Catholic Church.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 In the Bible
1.1 The Song of Deborah
2 Traditional chronology
3 Gallery
4 See also
5 References
6 Further reading
7 External links
In the Bible[edit]
Deborah Beneath the Palm Tree (c. 1896-1902) by James Tissot
Grave near Kedesh attributed to Barak or Deborah
In the Book of Judges, it is stated that Deborah was a prophet, a judge of Israel and the wife of Lapidoth.[3][4] She rendered her judgments beneath a date palm tree between Ramah in Benjamin and Bethel in the land of Ephraim.[5]
The people of Israel had been oppressed by Jabin, the king of Canaan, whose capital was Hazor, for twenty years. Stirred by the wretched condition of Israel she sends a message to Barak, the son of Abinoam, at Kedesh of Naphtali, and tells him that the Lord God had commanded him to muster ten thousand troops of Naphtali and Zebulun and concentrate them upon Mount Tabor, the mountain at the northern angle of the great plain of Esdraelon. At the same time she states that the Lord God of Israel will draw Sisera to the River Kishon. Barak declines to go without the prophet. Deborah consents, but declares that the glory of the victory will therefore belong to a woman. As soon as the news of the rebellion reaches Sisera he collects nine hundred chariots of iron and a host of people.[4]
Then Deborah said, according to Judges 4:14:
“Go! This is the day the Lord has given Sisera into your hands. Has not the Lord gone ahead of you?” So Barak went down Mount Tabor, with ten thousand men following him.
As Deborah prophesied, a battle is fought (led by Barak), and Sisera is completely defeated. He himself escapes on foot, while his army is pursued as far as Harosheth of the Gentiles and destroyed. Sisera comes to the tent of Jael; and he lies down to rest. He asks for a drink; she gives him milk; and while he is asleep she hammers a tent-pin through his temple.[4]
The Biblical account of Deborah ends with the statement that after the battle, there was peace in the land for 40 years. (Judges 5:31)
The Song of Deborah[edit]
Deborah portrayed in Gustave Doré's illustrations for La Grande Bible de Tours (1865)
The Song of Deborah is found in Judges 5:2–31 and is a victory hymn, sung by Deborah and Barak, about the defeat of Canaanite adversaries by some of the tribes of Israel. Biblical scholars have generally identified the Song as one of the oldest parts of the Bible, dating somewhere in the 12th century BC, based on its grammar and context.[6] However, some scholars have recently argued that the song's language and content indicate that it was written no earlier than the 7th century BC.[7] The song itself differs slightly from the events described in Judges 4. The song mentions six participating tribes (Ephraim, Benjamin, Machir, Zebulun, Issachar, and Naphtali) as opposed to the two tribes in Judges 4:6 (Naphtali and Zebulun) and does not mention the role of Jabin.[8]
Though it is not uncommon to read a victory hymn in the Hebrew Bible, the Song of Deborah stands out as unique in that it is a hymn that celebrates a military victory helped by two women: Deborah and Jael. Michael Coogan writes that Jael being a woman "is a further sign that Yahweh ultimately is responsible for the victory: The mighty Canaanite general Sisera will be 'sold' by the Lord 'into the hand of a woman' (Judges 4:9)."[6]
Traditional chronology[edit]
Traditional Jewish chronology places Deborah's 40 years of judging Israel (Judges 5:31) from 1107 BC until her death in 1067 BC.[9] The Dictionary of World Biography: The Ancient World claims that she might have lived in the period between 1200 BC to 1124 BC.[10] Based on archaeological findings, different biblical scholars have argued that Deborah's war with Sisera best fits the context of either the second half of the 12th century BC[11] or the second half of the 11th century BC.[12]
Gallery[edit]
Artistic depictions of Deborah
Deborah and Barak in a miniature from the 13th-century Psalter of St. Louis
Jael, Deborah, and Barak (c. 1630) by Salomon de Bray
A statue of Deborah (1792) in Aix-en-Provence, France
Deborah depicted in a pendentive of a church dome in Tenancingo, Mexico
Deborah Judging Israel, west-facing panel at the northwest corner of the Nebraska State Capitol
See also[edit]
Battle of Mount Tabor (biblical)
The Deborah number
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Coogan, Michael D. (2011), The Old Testament, A Historical and Literary Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures, Oxford University Press, pp. 214, 219
Jump up ^ http://catholicsaints.info/deborah-the-prophetess/
Jump up ^ Judges 4:4
^ Jump up to: a b c "Deborah", Jewish Encyclopedia
Jump up ^ Judges 4:5
^ Jump up to: a b Coogan, Michael D. (2009), A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament: The Hebrew Bible in its Context, Oxford University Press, p. 180.
Jump up ^ Frolov, S. (2011). "How Old is the Song of Deborah?". Journal for the Study of the Old Testament. 36 (2): 163–184. doi:10.1177/0309089211423720. :'To be sure, the consensus outlined here is by no means perfect; several publications that appeared in the 1980s and 1990s diverge from it, sometimes in a major way. In particular, Alberto Soggin, Ulrike Schorn, and Barnabas Lindars see the Song, or at least the bulk thereof, as a product of the early monarchy; Ulrike Bechmann and Manfred Görg place it in the late pre-exilic period; Michael Waltisberg advocates early post-exilic provenance (fifth to third centuries BCE); and B.-J. Diebner shifts the composition’s date all the way to the turn of the eras.' (p.165); 'With the text’s internal parameters and the external conditions of its existence considered in a systematic fashion, what we know as Judg. 5.2–31a presents itself as an integral part of the Deuteronomistic oeuvre and should be dated, accordingly, between c. 700 and c. 450 BCE.' (p.183)
Jump up ^ Nelson, Richard (2006). "Judges." The Harper Collins Study Bible, Revised Edition. Eds. Attridge, Harold and Wayne Meeks. New York: HarperCollins, p. 353.
Jump up ^ Chabad.org - Jewish History: Deborah the Prophetess
Jump up ^ Northen Magill, Frank and Christina J. Moose (2003-01-23). Dictionary of World Biography: The Ancient World - Deborah. ISBN 9781579580407. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
Jump up ^ Albright, W. F. (1937). "Further Light on the History of Israel from Lachish and Megiddo". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (68): 22. doi:10.2307/3218855. JSTOR 3218855.
Jump up ^ Mayes, A. D. H. (1969). "The Historical Context of the Battle against Sisera". Vetus Testamentum. 19 (3): 353. doi:10.2307/1516506. JSTOR 1516506.
Further reading[edit]
Bird, Phyllis (1974). "Images of Women in the Old Testament". In Rosemary Radford Ruether. Religion and Sexism: Images of Women in the Jewish and Christian Traditions. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-21692-9.
Brown, Cheryl Anne (1992). No Longer be Silent: First Century Jewish Portraits of Biblical Women: Studies in Pseudo-Philo's Biblical Antiquities and Josephus's Jewish Antiquities. Louisville, Ky.: Westminster J. Knox Press. ISBN 0-664-25294-X.
Deen, Edith (1955). All the Women of the Bible. New York: Harper & Row.
Lacks, Roslyn (1979). Women and Judaism: Myth, History, and Struggle. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-02313-8.
Otwell, John H. (1977). And Sarah Laughed: the Status of Woman in the Old Testament. Philadelphia: Westminster Press. ISBN 0-664-24126-3.
Phipps, William E. (1992). Assertive Biblical Women. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-28498-9.
Schroeder, Joy A. (2014). Deborah's Daughters: Gender Politics and Biblical Interpretation. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-999104-4.
Williams, James G. (1982). Women Recounted: Narrative Thinking and the God of Israel. Sheffield: Almond Press. ISBN 0-907459-18-8.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Deborah.
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Bible, King James, Judges#Chapter 4
Book of Judges article, Jewish Encyclopedia
Debbora, Catholic Encyclopedia
Biblical Hebrew Poetry - Reconstructing the Original Oral, Aural and Visual Experience
Song of Deborah (Judges 5) Reconstructed
Preceded by
Shamgar Judge of Israel Succeeded by
Gideon
[show]
v
t
e
Book of Judges Chapters 4 and 5
People
Deborah
Barak
Jabin
Sisera
Jael
Heber the Kenite
Sisera's mother
Lapidoth
Locations
Mount Ephraim
Harosheth Haggoyim
Hazor
Kedesh
Zaanaim
Kishon River
Military campaigns
Battle of Mount Tabor
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GND: 1108794203
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values: دبوره – Arabic

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Deboora – Estonian
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Debora – Swahili
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Debora – Polish
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values: Девора – Russian

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What a Wonderful World
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For the Sam Cooke song, see Wonderful World (Sam Cooke song). For other uses, see Wonderful World (disambiguation).
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"What a Wonderful World"
Single by Louis Armstrong
from the album What a Wonderful World
B-side
"Cabaret"
Released
October 18, 1967[citation needed]
Format
7"
Recorded
August 16, 1967
Genre
Traditional pop
jazz
Length
2:21
Label
ABC 10982, HMV
Songwriter(s)
Bob Thiele (as George Douglas)
George David Weiss[1]
Producer(s)
Bob Thiele[1]
Louis Armstrong singles chronology
"Mi va de cantare"
(1967) "What a Wonderful World"
(1967) "Hello Brother"
(1968)
"Mi va de cantare"
(1967) "What a Wonderful World"
(1967) "Hello Brother"
(1968)
"What a Wonderful World" is a pop ballad written by Bob Thiele (as "George Douglas") and George David Weiss. It was first recorded by Louis Armstrong and released in 1967 as a single, which topped the pop charts in the United Kingdom.[1] Thiele and Weiss were both prominent in the music world (Thiele as a producer and Weiss as a composer/performer).[2] Armstrong's recording was inducted in the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1999. The publishing for this song is controlled by Memory Lane Music Group, Carlin Music Corp. and BMG Rights Management.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Charts and certifications
2.1 Peak positions
2.2 Certifications
3 Notable versions
4 Appearances in film and television
4.1 Film
4.2 Television
4.3 Sources
5 References
6 External links
History[edit]
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The song was initially offered to Tony Bennett, who turned it down.[3] Thereafter, it was offered to Louis Armstrong. George Weiss recounts in the book Off the Record: Songwriters on Songwriting by Graham Nash that he wrote the song specifically for Louis Armstrong. Weiss was inspired by Armstrong's ability to bring people of different races together. The song was not initially a hit in the United States, where it sold fewer than 1,000 copies because ABC Records head Larry Newton did not like the song and therefore did not promote it,[4] but was a major success in the United Kingdom, reaching number one on the UK Singles Chart.[1] In the United States, the song hit No. 116 on the Billboard Bubbling Under Chart. It was also the biggest-selling single of 1968 in the UK where it was among the last pop singles issued by HMV Records before becoming an exclusive classical music label.[5] The song made Louis Armstrong the oldest male to top the UK Singles Chart.[1] Armstrong's record was broken in 2009 when a remake of "Islands in the Stream" recorded for Comic Relief—which included the 68-year-old Tom Jones—reached number one in that chart. Tony Bennett did go on to record "What A Wonderful World" several times, as in 2003 with k.d. lang, paying homage to Bennett's friend, Armstrong.
ABC Records' European distributor EMI forced ABC to issue a What a Wonderful World album in 1968 (catalogue number ABCS-650). It did not chart in the United States, due to ABC not promoting it,[6] but charted in the UK where it was issued by Stateside Records with catalogue number SSL 10247 and peaked on the British chart at No. 37.
The song gradually became something of a standard and reached a new level of popularity. In 1978, Armstrong's 1967 recording was featured in the closing scenes of the first series of BBC radio's cult hit, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, and was repeated for BBC's 1981 TV adaptation of the series. In 1988, Armstrong's recording appeared in the film Good Morning, Vietnam (despite the film being set in 1965 — two years before it was recorded) and was re-released as a single, hitting No. 32 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in February 1988. The single charted at number one for the fortnight ending June 27, 1988 on the Australian chart. It is also the closing song for the 1995 movie 12 Monkeys.
In 2001, rappers Ghostface Killah, Raekwon and The Alchemist released "The Forest," a song that begins with three lines of lyric adapted from "What a Wonderful World", altered to become "an invitation to get high" on marijuana.[7] The rappers and their record company, Sony Music Entertainment, were sued by the owners of "What a Wonderful World," Abilene Music. The suit was thrown out of court after Judge Gerard E. Lynch determined that the altered lyric was indisputably a parody, transforming the uplifting original message to a new one with a darker nature.[7][8]
By April 2014, Louis Armstrong's 1967 recording had sold 2,173,000 downloads in the United States after it was released digitally.[9]
Charts and certifications[edit]
Peak positions[edit]
Chart (1967/68)
Peak
position
Australia[10] 29
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[11]
1
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[12]
6
Denmark[13] 2
Germany (Official German Charts)[14]
6
Ireland[15] 2
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[16]
15
Netherlands (MediaMarkt)[17] 14
New Zealand 15
Norway (VG-lista)[18]
6
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[19]
7
U.K. Singles Chart 1
U.S. Billboard Hot 100 116
U.S. Adult Contemporary (Billboard) 12
Chart (1976)
Peak
position
Italy (FIMI)[20] 11
Chart (1988)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[21]
1
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[12]
7
Belgium (VRT Top 30 Flanders)[22] 1
Canada (RPM Magazine) 13
Ireland[15] 30
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[16]
5
Netherlands (MediaMarkt)[17] 2
New Zealand 8
Poland 22
U.S. (Billboard) 32
U.S. Adult Contemporary (Billboard) 7
U.S. (Radio & Records) 37
U.S. (Cashbox) 37
U.S. (Rock on the Net - ARC Weekly Top 40)[23] 28
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Italy (FIMI)[24]
Gold
Notable versions[edit]
1967: Louis Armstrong, million-selling original version
1989: Roy Clark, on his album of the same name (peaked at No. 73 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart)[25]
1992: Nick Cave, single sung with Shane MacGowan; in 2005 was also published on the album B-Sides & Rarities
1993: Israel Kamakawiwo'ole, Hawaiian ukulele version (medley with "Somewhere Over the Rainbow") on the album Facing Future (sold over 2.5 million copies in the U.S. and Canada alone)[26]
1999: Anne Murray, on her platinum release of the same name, which also spawned a book and video (the album reached No. 1 on the US CCM chart, No. 4 on the US Country chart, and No. 38 on the top 200)
2002: Joey Ramone's posthumous version was used for the ending credits of Michael Moore's film Bowling for Columbine.
2002: Da Vinci's Notebook ended their album Brontosaurus with an a cappella version.
2003: Sarah Brightman's Harem album
2004: Céline Dion recorded the song for her album Miracle.
2004: Rod Stewart recorded a version of the song with Stevie Wonder for Stewart's album Stardust: The Great American Songbook, Volume III (released in the United States as the lead single from the album and by early 2005 reached No. 13 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart).[27]
2007: Foxygen covered the song on their self-produced first album Jurrassic Exxplosion Phillipic.
2007: Katie Melua, singing with Eva Cassidy's version to raise money for the Red Cross (reached No. 1 in the UK chart in December 2007)
2008: Ministry, along with other cover songs on their album Cover Up
2009: The Clarks' version was recorded for their album Restless Days. This version was also featured on The Simpsons's Season 27 premiere, Every Man's Dream. It is also used after every Home win for the Pittsburgh Penguins at PPG Paints Arena.
2010: Ziggy Marley's version on The Disney Reggae Club
2012: Pat Byrne reached No. 3 in the Irish Singles Chart after appearing on The Voice of Ireland.
2012: Music charity Playing For Change recorded this song featuring Grandpa Elliott.[28]
2015: Tiago Iorc's version was recorded to be used as the opening theme of the Brazilian telenovela Sete Vidas.[29]
2013: Renée Geyer on her album Swing (2013)
2016: Tally Koren's version was recorded to be used in her album A Love Song for You.
Appearances in film and television[edit]
This media section uses IMDb for verification. IMDb may not be a reliable source for film and television information and is generally only cited as an external link. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help by replacing IMDb with third-party reliable sources. (February 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Film[edit]
Title
Performer
Year
Source
Arjun Reddy (Telugu movie) Background music 2017
Geostorm (teaser trailer only) Sharon Van Etten & Juggernaut Kid 2017
Range 15 Louis Armstrong 2016 1
Finding Dory Louis Armstrong 2016 1
Un gallo con muchos huevos Louis Armstrong 2015 1
Mein Salzburg Louis Armstrong 2015 1
Back to the Sea Louis Armstrong 2012 1
Journey 2: The Mysterious Island
(slightly different version of the song) Dwayne Johnson 2012
New Year's Eve Louis Armstrong 2011 1
Head Over Heels Louis Armstrong 2010 1
Harold and Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay Louis Armstrong 2008 1
Madagascar Louis Armstrong 2005 1
Swing Girls Louis Armstrong 2004 1
Freaky Friday Joey Ramone 2003 1
Bowling for Columbine Louis Armstrong 2002 1
Meet Joe Black Louis Armstrong 1998 1
Madeline Louis Armstrong 1998 1
Wrestling with Alligators Louis Armstrong 1998 1
12 Monkeys Louis Armstrong 1995 1
The Kennedy Years (JFK Remembered) Louis Armstrong 1993 1
Ciao, Professore! Louis Armstrong 1992 1
Good Morning, Vietnam Louis Armstrong 1987 1
Chicken Little (teaser trailer only) Louis Armstrong 2005 1
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (teaser trailer only) Louis Armstrong 2005
Television[edit]
Series
Episode
Performer
Year
Source
The OA Champion Sharon Van Etten & Juggernaut Kid 2016 1
MythBusters The Reunion Special Louis Armstrong 2016 1
Childhood's End #1.1 Joseph William Morgan 2015
The Simpsons Every Man's Dream The Clarks 2015 1
Strictly Come Dancing Week 9 Results Louis Armstrong 2014 1
Inspector George Gently The Lost Child Louis Armstrong 2012 1
The Mentalist Blinking Red Light Louis Armstrong 2011 1
An Idiot Abroad Karl Comes Home Louis Armstrong 2010 1
So You Think You Can Dance (Canada) Top 8 Perform Louis Armstrong 2009 1
The Simpsons The Good, the Sad and the Drugly Louis Armstrong 2009 1
20 to 1 Greatest Songs of All Time Louis Armstrong 2006 1
Life on Mars #1.6 Louis Armstrong 2006 1
House, MD DNR Louis Armstrong 2005 1
Hinter Gittern Fahrte aufgenommen Louis Armstrong 2004 1
Racheengel Louis Armstrong 2001 1
Lust & Suhne Louis Armstrong 2001 1
Hahn im Korb Louis Armstrong 1999 1
Die Lugners #1.9 Louis Armstrong 2003 1
#1.3 Louis Armstrong 2003 1
Dawson's Creek Hopeless Louis Armstrong 2001 1
Gilmore Girls Rory's Birthday Parties Louis Armstrong 2000 1
The King of Queens Head First Louis Armstrong 1998 1
Cybill Cybill Discovers the Meaning of Life Louis Armstrong 1995 1
Vamp Louis Armstrong 1991 1
Florida Lady Lauf dem Leben nicht davon Louis Armstrong 1994 1
Twin Peaks #2.7 Louis Armstrong 1990 1
The Green Man Louis Armstrong 1990 1
Moonlighting A Womb with a View Louis Armstrong 1988 1
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy #1.6 Louis Armstrong 1981 1
The Muppet Show Don Knotts (#2.1) Rowlf (Jim Henson) 1977 2
Sources[edit]
Internet Movie Database[30]
Jim Henson's Red Book[31]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Rice, Jo (1982). The Guinness Book of 500 Number One Hits (1st ed.). Enfield, Middlesex: Guinness Superlatives Ltd. p. 117. ISBN 0-85112-250-7.
Jump up ^ "What A Wonderful World". The Pop History Dig. Retrieved 2013-04-21.
Jump up ^ "Sundance Channel : Video: : SPECTACLE: Season 1 - Episode 5 (clip)". SundanceChannel.com. Archived from the original on 2010-01-07. Retrieved 2012-07-25.
Jump up ^ Black, Johnny (2006). Singles: Six Decades of Hot Hits & Classic Cuts. Thunder Bay Press. p. 97. ISBN 978-1592236510.
Jump up ^ "45 Discography for HMV Records - UK - POP series 1001-1617". Globaldogproductions.info. Retrieved 2012-07-25.
Jump up ^ "ABC-Paramount Album Discography, Part 6". Bsnpubs.com. Retrieved 2012-07-25.
^ Jump up to: a b Chang, Samantha (November 1, 2003). "Court: Ghostface Rap Was 'Fair Use'". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. 115 (44): 22. ISSN 0006-2510.
Jump up ^ Kohn, Al; Kohn, Bob (2010). Kohn on music licensing (4 ed.). Aspen Publishers. pp. 1647–1648. ISBN 0735590907. Retrieved 2012-07-25.
Jump up ^ Grein, Paul (April 16, 2014). "Chart Watch: "Happy" tops 4M". Yahoo! Music. Yahoo!.
Jump up ^ "Go-Set Australian Charts". Go-Set. Retrieved 9 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Louis Armstrong – What a Wonderful World" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Ultratop.be – Louis Armstrong – What a Wonderful World" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Danske Hitlister.dk". Danske Hitlister.dk. Retrieved 9 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Louis Armstrong – What a Wonderful World". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Irish Charts - All there is to know".
^ Jump up to: a b "Dutchcharts.nl – Louis Armstrong – What a Wonderful World" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "MediaMarkt Top 40". Retrieved 9 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "Norwegiancharts.com – Louis Armstrong – What a Wonderful World". VG-lista. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Louis Armstrong – What a Wonderful World". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Hit Parade Italia - Indice per Interprete: S" (in Italian). Hit Parade Italia. Retrieved 5 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – Louis Armstrong – What a Wonderful World". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ "What A Wonderful World – LOUIS ARMSTRONG" (in Dutch). Top 30. Archived from the original on 9 April 2012. Retrieved 4 August 2014. Hoogste notering in de top 30 : 1
Jump up ^ "Rock on the Net". Retrieved 9 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "Italian single certifications – Louis Armstrong – What a Wonderful World" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2013). Hot Country Songs 1944–2012. Record Research, Inc. p. 78. ISBN 978-0-89820-203-8.
Jump up ^ Grein, Paul (2010-09-24). "Chart Watch Extra: Songs From The Last Century". Nielsen Business Media. Yahoo! Music. Retrieved 2012-03-22.
Jump up ^ "Rod Stewart - Chart history". Billboard. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
Jump up ^ "Playing For Change".
Jump up ^ "Abertura de Sete Vidas traz pequenas cenas que remetem a nossa memória afetiva". Globo.com. 2015-03-09. Retrieved 2015-07-09.
Jump up ^ "Louis Armstrong". IMDb. Retrieved 2015-09-11.
Jump up ^ "5/25/1977 – 'Don Knotts (MS)'". Retrieved 2016-04-30.
External links[edit]
How political is What A Wonderful World? - BBC News article about history and meaning of song
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Barrueco & Balles Music play What a Wonderful World
Preceded by
"Congratulations" by Cliff Richard UK number one single
Louis Armstrong version
24 April 1968 (for 4 weeks) Succeeded by
"Young Girl" by Gary Puckett & The Union Gap
Preceded by
"Bleeding Love" by Leona Lewis UK Singles Chart number-one single
(Katie Melua & Eva Cassidy version)
December 16, 2007 - December 22, 2007 Succeeded by
"When You Believe" by Leon Jackson
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