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Make You Feel My Love
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"Make You Feel My Love"
Single by Bob Dylan
from the album Time Out of Mind
Released
September 30, 1997
Recorded
January 1997
Genre
Blues rock
Length
3:32
Label
Columbia
Songwriter(s)
Bob Dylan
Producer(s)
Daniel Lanois
"Make You Feel My Love" is a song written by Bob Dylan from his album Time Out of Mind (1997). It was first released commercially by Billy Joel, under the title "To Make You Feel My Love", before Dylan's version appeared later that same year. It has since been covered by numerous performers and has proved to be a commercial success for recording artists such as Adele, Garth Brooks, Shane Filan, Bryan Ferry, Kelly Clarkson and Ane Brun. Two covers of the song (one by Garth Brooks and one by Trisha Yearwood) were featured on the soundtrack of the 1998 film Hope Floats.[1] Dylan eventually released the song as a single.
Contents
1 Personnel
2 Billy Joel version
2.1 Chart history
3 Garth Brooks version
3.1 Charts
3.1.1 Weekly charts
3.1.2 Year-end charts
4 Adele version
4.1 Arrangement
4.2 Music video
4.3 Television and film
4.4 List of recordings
4.5 Charts and certifications
4.5.1 Weekly charts
4.5.2 Year-end charts
4.5.3 Certifications
5 Other versions
6 References
7 External links
Personnel[edit]
Bob Dylan – guitar, harmonica, piano, vocals
Additional musicians
Bucky Baxter – acoustic guitar
Tony Garnier – bass guitar, upright bass
Daniel Lanois – guitar, mando-guitar, Gibson Firebird, Martin 0018, Gretsch Gold Top, rhythm guitar, lead guitar
Augie Meyers – Vox organ combo, Hammond B3 organ, accordion
Duke Robillard – guitar
Billy Joel version[edit]
"To Make You Feel My Love"
Single by Billy Joel
from the album Greatest Hits, Volume III
B-side
"Intro/Summer, Highland Falls"
Released
1997
Format
CD single
Recorded
1996–97
Genre
Rock
Label
Columbia
Songwriter(s)
Bob Dylan
Producer(s)
Billy Joel
Joe Nicolo-Peter Asher
Billy Joel singles chronology
"Lullabye (Goodnight, My Angel)"
(1994) "To Make You Feel My Love"
(1997) "Hey Girl"
(1997)
"Lullabye (Goodnight, My Angel)"
(1994) "To Make You Feel My Love"
(1997) "Hey Girl"
(1997)
Billy Joel covered the song as "To Make You Feel My Love" for his compilation album Greatest Hits Volume III (1997). It was released as the album's first single and reached number 50 on the US Billboard Hot 100.[2] Joel's single pre-dated Dylan's release of the song by one month.
Chart history[edit]
Chart (1997)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[3] 90
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[4] 99
US Billboard Hot 100[5] 50
US Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks 9
US Billboard Hot Singles Sales 53
Garth Brooks version[edit]
"To Make You Feel My Love"
Single by Garth Brooks
from the album Hope Floats: Music from the Motion Picture
Released
May 18, 1998
Format
CD single
Recorded
1998
Genre
Country pop
Length
3:54
Label
Capitol Nashville
Songwriter(s)
Bob Dylan
Producer(s)
Garth Brooks
Garth Brooks singles chronology
"Two Piña Coladas"
(1998) "To Make You Feel My Love"
(1998) "Burnin' the Roadhouse Down"
(1998)
"Two Piña Coladas"
(1998) "To Make You Feel My Love"
(1998) "Burnin' the Roadhouse Down"
(1998)
Garth Brooks covered the song as "To Make You Feel My Love" in 1998. It appeared on the soundtrack of the 1998 film Hope Floats, along with a cover version by Trisha Yearwood as the first and last tracks. It was included first as the bonus track on Fresh Horses for Garth's first Limited Series box set and then included on all later pressings of that album. Brooks' version resulted in a nomination at 41st Grammy Award for Best Male Country Vocal Performance and a nomination for Bob Dylan for Best Country Song.
Charts[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1998)
Peak
position
Canada Adult Contemporary (RPM)[6] 22
Canada Country Tracks (RPM)[7] 7
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[8] 8
US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[9] 1
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1998)
Position
Canada Country Tracks (RPM)[10] 63
US Country Songs (Billboard)[11] 32
Adele version[edit]
"Make You Feel My Love"
Single by Adele
from the album 19
Released
October 27, 2008
Format
CD
7"
digital download
Recorded
October 2007
Genre
Soul
pop
Length
3:32
Label
XL
Songwriter(s)
Bob Dylan
Producer(s)
Jim Abbiss
Adele singles chronology
"Hometown Glory"
(2008) "Make You Feel My Love"
(2008) "Water and a Flame"
(2009)
"Hometown Glory"
(2008) "Make You Feel My Love"
(2008) "Water and a Flame"
(2009)
In 2008, British singer Adele recorded "Make You Feel My Love" for her debut studio album 19 (2008). It was released as the album's fourth and final single on October 27, 2008, both on CD and vinyl, originally peaking at number 26.[12] After the song was performed on the seventh series of The X Factor, it re-entered the UK Singles Chart at number 24. The song then surged to number four after a second performance. Following a third X Factor performance and heavy use in the Comic Relief 2010 television, it spent three more non-consecutive weeks in the top 10. In early 2011 the song returned to the top 40 again, at number 34, after it appeared in the 2011 series of Britain's Got Talent.
Adele's version features in the soundtrack of the 2010 romantic comedy film When in Rome. Her cover version was also featured in the compilation album for the benefit of those affected by Supertyphoon Haiyan in the Philippines entitled Songs for the Philippines.[13] In October 2013 the song was used in the third week of Strictly Come Dancing as part of the "Love Week" theme. In January 2013, Heart Radio listed Adele's recording as the UK's number one song of all time in its Hall of Fame Top 500.[14]
At a concert at London's O2 Arena on March 22, 2016, the day of the Brussels bombings, Adele dedicated a performance of the song to the victims of the attacks.[15]
Arrangement[edit]
According to Alex Fletcher of Digital Spy, the version expresses Adele's affection for the song, "with just piano as backing, her dreamy, passionate vocals are allowed to shine".[16] According to The Guardian's Dave Simpson, with her "hushed delivery", Adele makes the song "her own".[17]
Music video[edit]
The song's music video features Adele singing the song in her apartment.
Television and film[edit]
In other television appearances in the UK and US, the song was used in:
S.W.A.T.
Waterloo Road
One Tree Hill
Ghost Whisperer
Parenthood
The Bold and the Beautiful
General Hospital
Bones
Hollyoaks
EastEnders
Glee
Nashville
Emmerdale
Against the Wall (pilot episode)[citation needed]
Brothers and sisters

In addition, Adele's video of the song, directed by Mat Kirby, was released on music channels in late September 2008 and continues to be featured on her website.[18]
The Adele version was used in the 2010 movie When in Rome.[19]
List of recordings[edit]
Digital download (version 1)
"Make You Feel My Love" – 3:32
Digital download (version 2)
"Make You Feel My Love" – 3:32
"Make You Feel My Love" (video) – 3:32
CD single
"Make You Feel My Love" – 3:32
"Painting Pictures" – 3:33
19 version
"Make You Feel My Love" – 3:32
19 Deluxe version
"Make You Feel My Love" (live at Hotel Cafe) – 3:52
Chimes of Freedom live version
"Make You Feel My Love" (recorded live at WXPN) – 4:04
Live at the Royal Albert Hall live version
"Make You Feel My Love" (Live) – 3:48
Charts and certifications[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (2008–2015)
Peak
position
Belgium (Ultratip Flanders)[20] 17
Canada (Hot Canadian Digital Songs)[21] 43
European Hot 100 Singles[22] 17
Ireland (IRMA)[23] 5
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[24] 3
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[25] 1
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[26] 4
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[27] 44
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[28] 4
UK Indie (Official Charts Company)[29] 1
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (2009)
Position
Dutch Singles Chart[30] 7
Chart (2010)
Position
UK Singles Chart[31] 48
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Belgium (BEA)[32]
Gold 15,000*
Canada (Music Canada)[33]
2× Platinum 160,000^
Italy (FIMI)[34]
Gold 10,000
United Kingdom (BPI)[35]
2× Platinum 1,200,000
United States (RIAA)[36]
Gold 500,000^
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
sales+streaming figures based on certification alone
Other versions[edit]
"Make You Feel My Love" has also been recorded by:
Joan Osborne[37]
Trisha Yearwood[38]
Neil Diamond[39]
Danny Bowes[40][41]
Shawn Colvin
Luka Bloom[42]
Timothy B. Schmit[43]
Ronan Keating[44]
Winifred Horan (from Solas)
Emily Loizeau[45]
Bryan Ferry
Elkie Brooks (from her 2010 album Powerless)
Mary Black[46]
Ruarri Joseph
Phil Keaggy
Michael Bolton with Helene Fischer
Paul Evans[47] Taylor Hicks
Jon Peter Lewis[48]
Kris Allen[49]
Maria Muldaur[50]
Louise Setara[51]
Jeremy Irons (actor)[52]
Kelly Clarkson
Ed Sheeran
Tony DeSare
Rebecca Ferguson
Aaron Tveit
Sarah Maclaine
Sleeping At Last
Straight No Chaser
Ane Brun
Lea Michele
Shane Filan of Westlife
Jennifer Paz [53]
Josh Kelley's version appeared on A Cinderella Story: Original Soundtrack[54]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Trager, Oliver (2004). Keys to the Rain. Billboard Books. pp. 406–407. ISBN 0-8230-7974-0.
Jump up ^ "Billy Joel: Singles & EPs". AllMusic. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
Jump up ^ Ryan, Gavin (2011). Australia's Music Charts 1988–2010. Mt. Martha, VIC, Australia: Moonlight Publishing.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Billy Joel – To Make You Feel My Love" (in Dutch). Single Top 100.
Jump up ^ "Music: Top 100 - Billboard Hot 100", Billboard, retrieved January 16, 2018
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Adult Contemporary: Issue 7945." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. September 21, 1998. Retrieved July 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Country Tracks: Issue 3660." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. August 17, 1998. Retrieved July 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Garth Brooks Chart History (Adult Contemporary)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Garth Brooks Chart History (Hot Country Songs)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "RPM Top 100 Country Tracks of 1998". RPM. December 14, 1998. Archived from the original on March 15, 2016. Retrieved July 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Best of 1998: Country Songs". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. 1998. Retrieved July 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Adele | full Official Chart History | Official Charts Company". Officialcharts.com. Retrieved March 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Grow, Kory (November 26, 2013). "Beatles, Eminem, U2 Set for Philippines Benefit Album". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media LLC. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Adele wins Heart's best song of all time". Radio Today. 2 January 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Adele fans pay tribute to victims of Brussels attacks at London concert". BBC Radio 1 Newsbeat. BBC. March 22, 2016. Retrieved March 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Fletcher, Alex (23 October 2008). "Adele: 'Make You Feel My Love'". Digital Spy. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Simpson, David (15 April 2011). "Adele – review". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Make You Feel My Love". Adele website. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
Jump up ^ "When in Rome (2010)". Retrieved 16 November 2017 – via www.imdb.com.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Adele – Make You Feel My Love" (in Dutch). Ultratip.
Jump up ^ "Adele Chart History (Hot Canadian Digital Song Sales)". Billboard. Retrieved February 28, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Chart Search Results – European Hot 100 Singles 2010-10-16". Billboard.biz. Archived from the original on 7 August 2012. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "Chart Track: Week 40, 2010". Irish Singles Chart.
Jump up ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – Adele" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Adele – Make You Feel My Love" (in Dutch). Single Top 100.
Jump up ^ "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ "Swedishcharts.com – Adele – Make You Feel My Love". Singles Top 100.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ "Official Independent Singles Chart Top 50". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ "Dutch Charts ... Single 2009". dutchcharts.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 2011-02-15.
Jump up ^ "End Of Year Charts: 2010" (PDF). UkChartsPlus. Retrieved 2011-08-10.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop − Goud en Platina – singles 2015". Ultratop. Hung Medien.
Jump up ^ "Canadian single certifications – Make You Feel My Love". Music Canada. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
Jump up ^ "Italian single certifications – Adele – Make You Feel My Love" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana.
Jump up ^ "British single certifications – Make You Feel My Love". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 12 May 2017. Select singles in the Format field. Select Platinum in the Certification field. Type Make You Feel My Love in the "Search BPI Awards" field and then press Enter.
Jump up ^ "American single certifications – Adele – Make You Feel My Love". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH.
Jump up ^ Duffy, John. "Joan Osborne: Righteous Love". AllMusic. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
Jump up ^ "Hope Floats"Music from the Motion Picture". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
Jump up ^ "Neil Diamond: Home Before Dark".
Jump up ^ "Danny & Lucy Bowes".
Jump up ^ "Danny and Ben: Danny and Ben CD".
Jump up ^ Cater, Evan. "Luka Bloom: Keeper of the Flame". AllMusic. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
Jump up ^ "Timothy B. Schmit: Feed the Fire". AllMusic. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
Jump up ^ O'Brien, Jon. "Ronan Keating: Songs for My Mother". AllMusic. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
Jump up ^ Schacht, John. "Emily Loizeau: L'Autre Bout du Monde". AllMusic. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
Jump up ^ Jurek, Thom. "Mary Black: Full Tide". AllMusic. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
Jump up ^ Nathan, Dave. "Paul Evans: Roses Are Red, My Love". AllMusic. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
Jump up ^ "Jon Peter Lewis: Break The Silence". AllMusic. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
Jump up ^ "Kris Allen: Season 8 Favorite Performances". AllMusic. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
Jump up ^ Jurek, Thom. "Maria Muldaur: Heart of Mine". Allmusic. Retrieved 2011-01-16.
Jump up ^ "Louise Setara: Still Waters". AllMusic. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
Jump up ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Various Artists: Unexpected Dreams". AllMusic. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
Jump up ^ "Cover Versions of Make You Feel My Love". SecondHandSongs. Retrieved 2018-04-11.
Jump up ^ "Various Artists: A Cinderella Story". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
External links[edit]
Lyrics at Bob Dylan.com
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Georgian Bay
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the namesake township, see Georgian Bay, Ontario.
Georgian Bay
Georgian Bay at Cabot Head
Coordinates
45°30′N 81°00′W / 45.5°N 81.0°W / 45.5; -81.0Coordinates: 45°30′N 81°00′W / 45.5°N 81.0°W / 45.5; -81.0
Basin countries
Canada
Max. length
320 km (200 mi)[citation needed]
Max. width
80 km (50 mi)[citation needed]
Surface area
15,000 km2 (5,800 sq mi)[citation needed]
Average depth
150 feet (46 m) near the shoreline of Cabot Head
Islands
30,000+
Settlements
Collingwood
Owen Sound
Meaford, Ontario
Parry Sound
Midland
Penetanguishene
Wasaga Beach
Georgian Bay (French: Baie Georgienne) is a large bay of Lake Huron, located entirely within Ontario, Canada. The main body of the bay lies east of the Bruce Peninsula and Manitoulin Island. To its northwest is the North Channel.
Georgian Bay is surrounded by (listed clockwise) the districts of Manitoulin, Sudbury, Parry Sound and Muskoka, as well as the more populous counties of Simcoe, Grey and Bruce. The Main Channel separates the Bruce Peninsula from Manitoulin Island and connects Georgian Bay to the rest of Lake Huron. The North Channel, located between Manitoulin Island and the Sudbury District, west of Killarney, was once a popular route for steamships and is now used by a variety of pleasure craft to travel to and from Georgian Bay.
The shores and waterways of the Georgian Bay are the traditional domain of the Anishinaabeg First Nations peoples to the north and Huron-Petun (Wyandot) to the south. The bay was thus a major Algonquian-Huron trade route. Samuel de Champlain, the first European to explore and map the area in 1615–1616, called it "La Mer douce" (the calm sea), also a reference to the bay's freshwater.[1] It was named "Georgian Bay" (after King George IV) by Lieutenant Henry Wolsey Bayfield of the Royal Navy in 1822.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Geography
2 History
3 Legend of Kitchikewana
4 Settlements
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Geography[edit]
Main body of Georgian Bay highlighted on the map of the Great Lakes
Georgian Bay is about 190 kilometres (120 mi) long by 80 kilometres (50 mi) wide.[3] It covers approximately 15,000 square kilometres (5,800 sq mi), making it nearly 80% the size of Lake Ontario.[4][5] If Georgian Bay were considered a lake in its own right, it would be the fourth largest lake located entirely within Canada after Great Bear Lake, Great Slave Lake and Lake Winnipeg.
Eastern Georgian Bay is part of the southern edge of the Canadian Shield, granite bedrock exposed by the glaciers at the end of the last ice age, about 11,000 years ago. The granite rock formations and windswept eastern white pine are characteristic of the islands and much of the shoreline of the bay. The rugged beauty of the area inspired landscapes by artists of the Group of Seven. The western part of the bay, from Collingwood north, and including Manitoulin, Drummond, Cockburn and St. Joseph islands, borders the Niagara Escarpment. Because of its size and narrowness of the straits joining it with the rest of Lake Huron, which is analogous to if not as pronounced as the separation of Lake Huron and Lake Michigan,[6] Georgian Bay is sometimes called the "sixth Great Lake".[7]
There are tens of thousands of islands in Georgian Bay. Most of these islands are along the east side of the bay and are collectively known as the "Thirty Thousand Islands", including the larger Parry Island. Manitoulin Island, lying along the northern side of the bay, is the world's largest island in a freshwater lake. The Trent–Severn Waterway connects Georgian Bay to Lake Ontario, running from Port Severn in the southeastern corner of Georgian Bay through Lake Simcoe into Lake Ontario near Trenton. Further north, Lake Nipissing drains into Georgian Bay through the French River. In October 2004, the Georgian Bay Littoral was declared a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO.
History[edit]
Tom Thomson's Pine Island, Georgian Bay
Archeological records reveal an Aboriginal presence in the southern regions of the Canadian Shield dating from 11,000 years ago. Evidence of later Paleo-Indian settlements have been found on Manitoulin Island and near Killarney. At the time of European contact, the Ojibwe and Ottawa First Nations, both of whom call themselves Anishinaabe (plural: Anishinaabeg), lived along the northern, eastern and western shores of Georgian Bay. The Huron (or Wendat) and Tionontati inhabited the lands along the southern coast, having migrated from the northern shores of Lake Ontario. Names of islands such as "Manitoulin" (from Gitchi Manitou, the Great Spirit who left the bay as a source of life for the first people) and "Giant's Tomb" are indicative of the richness of the cultural history of the area. Aboriginal communities continue to live on their territories and practise their cultural traditions.
The first European to visit this area was likely Étienne Brûlé, who at age less than 20, in 1610 was sent to live as an interpreter trainee with the Onontchataronon, an Algonquian people of the Ottawa River. They travelled every winter to live with the Arendarhonon people of the Huron (Wendat) confederacy at the southern end of Georgian Bay, in the area now called "Huronia". Brulé returned to the Arendarhonon the following year. At the same time another young interpreter trainee, a youth remembered only as Thomas, who was employed by the French surgeon and trader Daniel Boyer, also likely made it to Huronia, in the company of the Onontchataronon, another member of the confederacy.
In 1615, Brulé's employer, the French explorer Samuel de Champlain, made his own visit to Georgian Bay and overwintered in Huronia. He was preceded that summer by a Récollet missionary, Joseph Le Caron, who would live among the Huron in 1615–1616 and 1623–1624. Another Récollet missionary, Gabriel Sagard, lived there from 1623–34. The French Jesuit Jean de Brébeuf began a mission in Huronia in 1626. In 1639 he oversaw the building of the mission fort of Sainte-Marie, Ontario's first European settlement, at what is now the town of Midland.
The reconstructed Jesuit mission, Sainte-Marie among the Hurons, is now a historic park operated by the province of Ontario. Also nearby is the Martyrs' Shrine, a Catholic church dedicated to the Canadian Martyrs, Jesuits who were killed during Iroquois warfare against the Huron around Georgian Bay in the 17th century. Penetanguishene, an Ojibwe village located at the southern tip of the bay near present-day Midland, was developed as a naval base in 1793 by John Graves Simcoe, first Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada.
In 1814, during the War of 1812 between Great Britain and the United States, one of the battles was fought in southern Georgian Bay. On August 17, at the mouth of the Nottawasaga River near Wasaga Beach, the British schooner HMS Nancy was sunk by three American vessels. Several weeks later, Nancy was avenged when British boarding parties in the De Tour Passage surprised and captured two of the three American vessels.
Georgian Bay was first charted in 1815 by Captain William Fitzwilliam Owen, who called it Lake Manitoulin. Captain Henry Bayfield, who made more detailed charts of the bay, renamed it in 1822 after King George IV. His charts are the basis for those in use today.
The Canadian Hydrographic Service traces its history back to 1883, when it was originally established as the Georgian Bay Survey, tasked with charting and improving knowledge of the bay after a steamship wrecked there the previous year, killing 150 of its passengers.
Over the years, 32 lighthouses were built on Georgian Bay. Six of them were designed with limestone towers; these were built in the 1850s and are known collectively as the Imperial Towers. Some of the 32 can be toured by the public, some cannot, and some are accessible only by tour boats or private boat.[8]
Legend of Kitchikewana[edit]
The waters between Finger Point and Thumb Point near Cedar Springs, Beausoleil Island
Wyandot legend tells of a god called Kitchikewana, who was large enough to guard the whole of the Georgian Bay. Kitchikewana was known for his great temper, and his tribe decided the best way to calm him was with a wife. They held a grand celebration, and many women came. Kitchikewana met a woman named Wanakita here. He decided that this was the woman he wanted to marry, and started planning the wedding immediately after she left. But when she was invited back, she told Kitchikewana that she was already engaged. Enraged, Kitchikewana destroyed all the decorations, running to one end of Beausoleil Island and grabbing a large ball of earth. Running to the other end, he tossed it into the Great Lakes. Thus, the 30,000 Islands were created. The indentations left behind by his fingers form the five bays of Georgian Bay: Midland Bay, Penetang Bay, Hog Bay, Sturgeon Bay, and Matchedash Bay.[9] He then lay down to sleep and sleeps there still as Giant's Tomb Island.
The town of Penetanguishene now has a large statue of Kitchikewana on its main street. There is a YMCA summer camp for youth located on Beausoleil Island, in southern Georgian Bay, named after Kitchikewana.[10] YMCA Camp Kitchikewana, or Kitchi for short, has been located in Georgian Bay Islands National Park since 1919. Originally operated by the Midland YMCA, it is now the residential camp for youth from the YMCA of Simcoe/Muskoka.
Settlements[edit]
Shoreline of Georgian Bay
Sunset over Georgian Bay
Owen Sound is the largest city on the bay, long having served as a shipping and rail depot for the Upper Great Lakes. The towns of Midland, Penetanguishene, Port Severn, and Honey Harbour are at the southeastern end of the bay and are popular sites for summer cottages, as are the many bays and islands on the eastern coast. Collingwood, Meaford, and Wasaga Beach are located at the southern end of the bay, around Nottawasaga Bay. Owen Sound, Wiarton, and Lion's Head are located on the Bruce Peninsula along the southern and southwestern shores of the bay, while Tobermory is located at the northern tip of the Bruce Peninsula on the Main Channel. The passenger ferry MS Chi-Cheemaun travels from Tobermory across the Main Channel to South Baymouth on Manitoulin Island. Parry Sound, the world's deepest freshwater port,[citation needed] is located on the eastern shore of the bay.
There are communities of summer cottages on the north and east shore and on the adjacent 30,000 Islands. These include areas such as Cognashene, Wah Wah Taysee, Sans Souci, Pointe au Baril and Byng Inlet. Most of these cottages are accessible only by water.
Reed's dump beach on Georgian Bay near the campsite
See also[edit]
Canadian Shield
Christian Island (Ontario)
Royal eponyms in Canada
True North II
References[edit]
Notes
Jump up ^ Matthews, Geoffrey J. (1987). Harris, Cole R., ed. Historical Atlas of Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-2495-5.
Jump up ^ Ketcheson, Graham. A Brief History of Georgian Bay.
Jump up ^ Georgian Bay (bay, Ontario, Canada) - Encyclopædia Britannica. Britannica.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-12.
Jump up ^ Georgian Bay - definition of Georgian Bay by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. Thefreedictionary.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-12.
Jump up ^ "Nearly as large as Lake Ontario, it is one of the world's great bodies of fresh water."
Jump up ^ "Great Lakes Sensitivity to Climatic Forcing: Hydrological Models." NOAA, 2006.
Jump up ^ Barry, James P. (1995) [1968]. Georgian Bay: The Sixth Great Lake. Boston Mills Press. ISBN 978-1-55046-172-5. OCLC 37863060.
Jump up ^ "Lighthouse Tour". Visit Georgian Bay. Georgian Bay Destination Development Partnership. 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
Jump up ^ The Ouendat (Huron) Indian Legend of Kitchikewana
Jump up ^ "Overnight Camp" on the YMCA of Simcoe/Muskoka website
Bibliography
Historical Atlas of Canada, Volume I: From the Beginning to 1800. Edited by R. Cole Harris. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1987. ISBN 0-8020-2495-5
The Archaeology of Southern Ontario To 1650. Edited by C. Ellis and N. Ferris. London Chapter, Ontario Archaeological Society, 1990. ISBN 0-919350-13-5
Native Languages of the Americas
"Ojibwe History" Shultzman, L. 2000. First Nations Histories. Accessed: 2006-03-28.
Shaped by the West Wind: Nature and History in Georgian Bay. Claire Elizabeth Campbell. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2005. ISBN 0-7748-1098-X
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Georgian Bay.
"Georgian Bay". Encyclopædia Britannica. 11 (11th ed.). 1911.
(in English), (in French) Georgian Bay Islands National Park of Canada, on the Government of Canada Site
Georgian Bay Association
Georgian Bay Forever
Georgian Bay Land Trust
Georgian Bay Biosphere Reserve

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text:
Energy in California
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
California's peak electricity demand occurred on July 24, 2006, at 2:44 pm, with 50,270 megawatts. Since then measures to reduce peak load have resulted in decreased peak demand, even as the state's population has continued to grow.[1] In 2016, the peak load was 46,232 MW, on July 27.[2]
By 2020, California is required to obtain at least 33% of its electricity from renewable resources, and 50% by 2030, excluding large hydro.[3][4] On May 13, 2017, the California Independent System Operator (ISO) reported that the state had broken a new instantaneous renewable energy record, with non-hydro renewables providing 67.2% of the total electricity on the ISO's grid, with another 13.5% being provided by hydro.[5]
Bill 2514 directed the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) to adopt an energy storage program and procurement target.[6] As a result, the CPUC established an energy storage target of 1,325 MW by 2020.[7]
Contents
[hide]
1 Electricity system data
2 Electricity
3 Resources and consumption
4 Petroleum
5 Natural gas
6 Sustainable energy
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Electricity system data[edit]
As of 2016[update], 31.7% of electricity was imported, and of that, 45.3% was of unspecified origin.
Energy mix: Total Electricity Source Percentages[8]
Year
Wind
Solar
Small hydro
Geothermal
Biomass
Large hydro
Coal
Nuclear
Natural gas
Unspecified
Renewable
2009 3.1% 0.3% 1.7% 4.6% 2.3% 9.1% 8.1% 13.1% 42.0% 15.7% 12.0%
2010 4.7% 0.3% 1.9% 4.6% 2.4% 10.5% 7.7% 13.9% 41.9% 12.0% 13.9%
2011 5.0% 0.4% 2.1% 4.5% 2.1% 13.0% 8.2% 15.2% 35.3% 14.2% 14.1%
2012 6.3% 0.9% 1.5% 4.4% 2.3% 8.3% 7.5% 9.0% 43.4% 16.4% 15.4%
2013 8.6% 1.8% 1.3% 4.5% 2.7% 7.8% 7.8% 8.8% 44.3% 12.5% 18.8%
2014 8.1% 4.2% 0.9% 4.4% 2.5% 5.5% 6.4% 8.5% 44.5% 15.0% 20.1%
2015 8.2% 6.0% 0.9% 4.4% 2.6% 5.4% 6.0% 9.2% 44.0% 13.5% 21.9%
2016 9.1% 8.1% 1.7% 4.4% 2.3% 10.2% 4.1% 9.2% 36.5% 14.4% 25.5%
Only utility scale generation is shown. Including distributed solar would noticeably increase solar's percentage. [9]
In-State Electricity Source Percentages[8]
Year
Wind
Solar
Small hydro
Geothermal
Biomass
Large hydro
Coal
Nuclear
Natural gas
Renewable
2009 3.0% 0.4% 2.0% 6.2% 2.9% 12.1% 1.8% 15.2% 56.3% 14.5%
2010 3.0% 0.4% 2.4% 6.2% 2.8% 14.3% 1.7% 15.7% 53.4% 14.9%
2011 3.8% 0.5% 3.1% 6.3% 2.9% 18.2% 1.6% 18.2% 45.4% 16.6%
2012 4.6% 0.9% 2.1% 6.4% 3.0% 11.7% 0.8% 9.3% 61.1% 17.1%
2013 6.4% 2.2% 1.7% 6.3% 3.2% 10.4% 0.5% 9.0% 60.5% 19.6%
2014 6.5% 5.3% 1.2% 6.1% 3.4% 7.1% 0.5% 8.6% 61.3% 22.8%
2015 6.2% 7.7% 1.2% 6.1% 3.2% 5.9% 0.3% 9.5% 59.9% 24.5%
2016 6.8% 10.0% 2.3% 5.8% 3.0% 12.3% 0.2% 9.6% 49.9% 27.9%
In-State Electricity Production, in TWh[8]
Year
Wind
Solar
Small hydro
Geothermal
Biomass
Large hydro
Coal
Nuclear
Natural gas
Total
2002 3.5 0.9 4.4 13.9 7.1 26.9 27.6 34.4 90.9 209.7
2003 3.5 0.8 5.1 13.8 5.6 30.9 27.2 35.6 92.4 214.8
2004 4.3 0.7 4.7 14.0 5.9 29.7 28.6 30.2 105.0 223.1
2005 4.4 0.7 5.4 14.4 6.0 34.5 28.1 36.2 96.1 225.8
2006 4.9 0.6 5.8 13.5 5.7 43.1 17.6 32.0 107.0 230.1
2007 5.7 0.7 3.7 13.0 5.4 23.3 4.2 35.7 118.3 209.9
2008 5.7 0.7 3.7 12.9 5.7 21.0 4.0 32.5 122.2 208.5
2009 6.3 0.9 4.0 12.9 5.9 25.1 3.7 31.5 116.7 207.2
2010 6.2 0.9 5.0 12.7 5.8 29.3 3.4 32.2 109.8 205.4
2011 7.6 1.1 6.1 12.7 5.8 36.6 3.1 36.7 91.2 200.9
2012 9.2 1.8 4.3 12.7 6.0 23.2 1.6 18.5 121.7 199.1
2013 12.7 4.3 3.3 12.5 6.4 20.8 1.0 17.9 120.9 199.8
2014 13.1 10.6 2.7 12.2 6.8 13.7 1.0 17.0 122.0 199.2
2015 12.2 15.0 2.4 12.0 6.4 11.6 0.5 18.5 117.5 196.2
2016 13.5 19.8 4.6 11.6 5.9 24.2 0.3 18.9 98.8 198.2
Electricity[edit]
Part of the 354 MW SEGS solar complex in northern San Bernardino County, California.
Natural gas-fired power plants typically account for more than one-half of in-state electricity generation. California is one of the largest hydroelectric power producers in the United States, and with adequate rainfall, hydroelectric power typically accounts for close to one-fifth of State electricity generation. Due to strict emission laws, only one coal-fired power plant still operates in California, the 63 MW Argus Cogeneration plant in San Bernardino County.[10]
California leads the nation in electricity generation from non-hydroelectric renewable energy sources, including geothermal power, wind power, and solar power. California has some of the most aggressive renewable energy goals in the United States, with a target for California to obtain a third of its electricity from renewables by 2020.[11] Solar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS) is the name given to nine solar power plants in the Mojave Desert which were built in the 1980s. These plants have a combined capacity of 354 megawatts (MW) making them at one time the largest solar power installation in the world.[12] Other large solar plants in the Mojave Desert include the 392 MW Ivanpah Solar Power Facility,[13] opened in 2014, and the 550 MW Desert Sunlight Solar Farm and 579 MW Solar Star, both completed in 2015. The Alta Wind Energy Center in the Tehachapi Mountains is the largest wind power plant in the United States with 1,548 MW installed capacity.[14] A facility known as “The Geysers,” located in the Mayacamas Mountains north of San Francisco, is the largest group of geothermal power plants in the world, with more than 750 MW of installed capacity.
California’s single remaining operational nuclear power plant, Diablo Canyon Power Plant, accounts for less than one-tenth of total generation. California used to have multiple other nuclear power plants, including the Rancho Seco Nuclear Generating Station, the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station, the Vallecitos Nuclear Center,[15] and the Humboldt Bay Nuclear Power Plant,[16] in addition to various other smaller experimental or prototype reactors which intermittently supplied power to the grid, such as the Sodium Reactor Experiment. However all of these reactors have been shut down due to both economic[17] and social[18] factors. Currently, the owner of the Diablo Canyon plant, Pacific Gas & Electric, has plans to shut down the two reactors at the site in 2025.[19] This lost generation will be made up with renewables.
California's electricity rates are among the highest in the United States as a result of the changing energy mix within the state, including aggressive construction of new natural gas power plants.[20] California's electricity costs per kWh are 17.4 cents per kWh and 14.8 cents per kWh for residential and commercial customers respectively.[21] Due to high electricity demand, California imports more electricity than any other state, primarily wind and hydroelectric power from states in the Pacific Northwest (via Path 15 and Path 66) and nuclear, coal-, and natural gas-fired production from the desert Southwest via Path 46.[22] Imported coal-fired electricity is expected to decline as power agreements expire and the city of Los Angeles phases out its use of imported coal by 2025.[23][10]
Although California's population increased by 13% during the 1990s, the state did not build any new major power plants during that time, although existing in-state power plants were expanded and power output was increased nearly 30% from 1990 to 2001. However, between 2000 and 2015, California built nearly 500 new power plants to supplement the 700 operating in 2000, boosting power supplies by 43%.[20]
In 2016, CPUC announced new rules for connecting coming generation sources to grid. Connection costs must be estimated by the utility, and the developer is limited to paying within ±25% change of the estimate. CPUC expects the rules to lower overall costs for ratepayers.[24][25][26] California requires 1.8 GW of utility storage[27] and studies long duration bulk energy storage. The state allocates US$83 million per year during 2017-2019 for behind-the-meter storage.[28]
Resources and consumption[edit]
California’s crude oil and natural gas deposits are located in six geological basins in the Central Valley and along the coast. California has more than a dozen of the United States' largest oil fields, including the Midway-Sunset Oil Field, the second largest oil field in the contiguous United States. California’s hydroelectric power potential ranks second in the United States (behind Washington State), and substantial geothermal and wind power resources are found along the coastal mountain ranges and the eastern border with Nevada. High solar power potential is found in southeastern California’s deserts.
California is the most populous state in the nation, but its total energy demand is second to the state of Texas. The state has one of the lowest per capita energy consumption rates in the country due in part to the relatively mild weather comparative to the rest of the nation.[29]
Petroleum[edit]
Net Taxable Gasoline Gallons[30][31]
Year
Gallons
Change
2000 14,544,627,116
2001 15,117,143,010 +3.9%
2002 15,513,415,849 +2.6%
2003 15,661,671,712 +1.0%
2004 15,908,278,251 +1.6%
2005 15,937,855,020 +0.2%
2006 15,825,386,719 −0.7%
2007 15,672,334,029 −1.0%
2008 15,032,229,963 −4.1%
2009 14,811,281,527 −1.5%
2010 14,868,892,787 +0.4%
2011 14,600,133,763 −1.8%
2012 14,504,794,174 −0.7%
2013 14,532,944,431 +0.2%
2014 14,702,632,422 +1.2%
2015 15,105,348,840 +2.7%
2016 15,487,956,872 +2.5%
As of 2012, California's crude oil output accounted for about 8.3% of total U.S. production.[32] Drilling operations are concentrated primarily in Kern County and the Los Angeles basin.[32] Although there is also substantial offshore oil and gas production, there is a permanent moratorium on new offshore oil and gas leasing in California waters and a deferral of leasing in Federal waters.[citation needed]
California ranks third in the United States in petroleum refining capacity, behind Texas and Louisiana, and accounts for about 11% of total U.S. capacity, as of 2012.[32] In addition to oil from California, California's refineries process crude oil from Alaska and foreign suppliers. The refineries are configured to produce cleaner fuels, including reformulated motor gasoline and low-sulfur diesel, to meet strict Federal and State environmental regulations. As of 2017, California has 18 refineries with a capacity to process nearly 2,000,000 US barrels (240,000,000 l; 63,000,000 US gal; 52,000,000 imp gal) per day.[33][34]
Gasoline consumption fluctuates with economic conditions and gas prices, but has generally remained flat since 2000, despite increasing population.[35] In 2017, Texas surpassed California in gasoline consumption, despite California having 6 million more vehicles.[36] Most California motorists are required to use a special motor gasoline blend called California Clean Burning Gasoline (CA CBG).[37] By 2004, California completed a transition from methyl tertiary butyl-ether (MTBE) to ethanol as a gasoline oxygenate additive, making California the largest ethanol fuel market in the United States.[citation needed] There are four ethanol production plants in central and southern California, but most of California’s ethanol supply is transported from other states or abroad.
Natural gas[edit]
California natural gas production typically is less than 2 percent of total annual U.S. production and satisfies less than one-sixth of state demand.[38][39] California receives most of its natural gas by pipeline from production regions in the Rocky Mountains, the Southwest, and western Canada.[39] Some of this is seasonally stored in the Aliso Canyon Oil Field, and its 2015 leak caused California to install grid batteries to compensate.[40]
Sustainable energy[edit]
California has led the United States from 2010 to 2013 with its sustainable energy plans (also known as "clean energy"), with Clean Edge's Clean Energy Index for 2013 rating it at 91.7, with the second ranked state being Massachusetts, at 77.8, and Mississippi the lowest at 4.2. California is the only state with extensive deployment of wind, solar, and geothermal energy. California's venture capital investments in sustainable energy are greater than the other 49 states combined, at $2.2 billion in 2012.[41]
See also[edit]
Solar power in California
Wind power in California
Offshore oil and gas in California
California oil and gas industry
California independent system operator
List of power stations in California
California Electricity Crisis
List of articles associated with nuclear issues in California
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Martinez, Sierra (November 1, 2011). "California Is Making History by Eliminating Its Growth in Peak Demand". Natural Resources Defense Council.
Jump up ^ "California ISO Peak Load History" (PDF). Caiso.com. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "California ISO - Clean, green grid". Caiso.com.
Jump up ^ "California Renewables Portfolio Standard". California Public Utilities Commission.
Jump up ^ Fracassa, Dominic (May 18, 2017). "California grid sets record, with 67% of power from renewables". San Francisco Chronicle.
Jump up ^ "AB 2514 - Energy Storage System Procurement Targets from Publicly Owned Utilities". California Public Utilities Commission.
Jump up ^ "California Energy Storage Showcase". California Public Utilities Commission.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Total Electricity System Power". California Energy Commission. Retrieved 2017-07-16.
Jump up ^ U.S. Energy Information Administration, Electric Power Monthly, February
^ Jump up to: a b "Current and Expected Energy From Coal for California" (PDF). California Energy Commission. November 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ California OKs new transmission for renewables Reuters, December 17, 2009.
Jump up ^ SunLab (1998).Solar Trough Systems Retrieved December 18, 2008.
Jump up ^ Sacrificing the desert to save the Earth LA Times February 5, 2012.
Jump up ^ "California Clean Energy Tour: Alta Wind Farm Powers Homes". California Energy Commission.
Jump up ^ SchdyInventTech (15 January 2013). "Vallecitos Boiling Water Reactor - 1958". YouTube.
Jump up ^ "NRC: Humboldt Bay". Nrc.gov. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "SCE Publishes 3,200 Pages of Documentation on Faulty SONGS Steam Generators - News - Nuclear Power News - Nuclear Street - Nuclear Power Plant News, Jobs, and Careers". Nuclearstreet.com.
Jump up ^ "Voters, in a First, Shut Down Nuclear Reactor". The New York Times. 8 June 1989.
Jump up ^ "PG&E To Close Diablo Canyon In 2025 - News - Nuclear Power News - Nuclear Street - Nuclear Power Plant News, Jobs, and Careers". Nuclearstreet.com. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Penn, Ivan; Menezes, Ryan (February 5, 2017). "A runaway energy industry is costing California billions". Los Angeles Times.
Jump up ^ The Opportunity of Energy Group-Buying EnPowered, April 18, 2016,
Jump up ^ "California - State Energy Profile Overview - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)". Tonto.eia.doe.gov. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Peterson, Molly (February 26, 2013). "Los Angeles to end use of coal by 2025, says Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa". Southern California Public Radio.
Jump up ^ "New California Interconnection Ruling Increases Transparency and Limits Costs". Greentechmedia.com. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "How California Created a New System for Determining the Costs of Grid Connection". Greentechmedia.com. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
Jump up ^ [1][dead link]
Jump up ^ "AB-2868 Energy storage. (2015-2016)". Leginfo.legislaturte.ca.gov. Retrieved 14 October 2016.
Jump up ^ California Ramps Up Energy Storage Plans with Enactment of Four New Bills September 28, 2016
Jump up ^ "California, State Energy Profile". Official Energy Statistics from the U.S. Government. Energy Information Administration. Retrieved 2007-10-02.
Jump up ^ "Net Taxable Gasoline Gallons" (PDF). California Board of Equalization. 2000–2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Net Taxable Gasoline Gallons" (PDF). California Board of Equalization. 2010–2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 13, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Oil and Gas in California: The Industry and Its Economic Contribution in 2012" (PDF). Western States Petroleum Association. Los Angeles County Economic Development Corporation.
Jump up ^ "California Number and Capacity of Petroleum Refineries". U.S. Energy Information Administration. January 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ "California's Oil Refineries". California Energy Commission.
Jump up ^ "Economic Perspective" (PDF). California Board of Equalization. February 2013.
Jump up ^ Kohlman, Matt (March 31, 2017). "Pickup vs. Prius: Texas passes California as gasoline consumption king". S&P Global Platts.
Jump up ^ Board, California Air Resources. "Cleaner-Burning Gasoline: An Update". Arb.ca.gov. Retrieved 2017-02-16.
Jump up ^ "Natural Gas Annual 2006" (PDF). US Department of Energy. October 2007. pp. 1, 70. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-01-14. Retrieved 2009-01-11.
^ Jump up to: a b "Overview of Natural Gas in California". Energy Almanac. California Energy Commission. Archived from the original on 2009-04-30. Retrieved 2009-01-11.
Jump up ^ "Tesla, Greensmith, AES Deploy Aliso Canyon Battery Storage in Record Time". GTM. 31 January 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
Jump up ^ [2][dead link]
External links[edit]
Today's Outlook, California ISO
Yesterday's Renewables Production, California ISO
Energy Flow Chart (2000)
Grid maps: South, Central, North
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