text:
The House with a Clock in Its Walls (film)
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The House with a Clock in Its Walls
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Eli Roth
Produced by
Brad Fischer
James Vanderbilt
Eric Kripke
Written by
Eric Kripke
Based on
The House with a Clock in Its Walls
by John Bellairs
Starring
Jack Black
Cate Blanchett
Owen Vaccaro
Renée Elise Goldsberry
Sunny Suljic
Kyle MacLachlan
Music by
Nathan Barr
Cinematography
Rogier Stoffers
Edited by
Fred Raskin
Production
company
Amblin Entertainment
Reliance Entertainment
Mythology Entertainment
Amblin Partners
Distributed by
Universal Pictures
Release date
September 21, 2018 (2018-09-21) (United States)
Running time
105 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$42 million[2]
Box office
$111.4 million[2]
The House with a Clock in Its Walls is a 2018 American family fantasy film directed by Eli Roth, based on the 1973 novel of the same name by John Bellairs. The film stars Jack Black, Cate Blanchett, and Owen Vaccaro, and follows a young boy who is sent to live with his uncle in a creaky old house. He soon learns it was previously also inhabited by a nefarious entity.
Universal Pictures released the film in the United States on September 21, 2018. It has grossed over $111 million worldwide and received moderately positive reviews from critics, who largely praised the cast but said it did not fully live up to its potential.[3][4][5]
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Release
5 Reception
5.1 Box office
5.2 Critical response
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
In 1955, ten-year-old Lewis Barnavelt (Owen Vaccaro) goes to New Zebedee, Michigan to live with his uncle Jonathan (Jack Black) after Lewis' parents are killed in a car crash. Upon arriving at Jonathan's home, Lewis meets Jonathan's neighbor and best friend, Florence Zimmerman (Cate Blanchett), with whom he trades playful insults. All Lewis has left of his parents is a Magic 8-Ball that they gave him before the crash. During the night, Lewis hears a ticking sound in the walls, with Jonathan trying to locate it. On his first day of his new school, he meets Tarby Corrigan (Sunny Suljic), who is being friendly with him just so he can get voted class president. At night, whilst Lewis is dreaming he is visited by his mother (Lorenza Izzo) who tells him that Jonathan is hiding something from him and that the ticking sound he hears is real. Mrs. Barnavelt also tells Lewis that he must find a book and then a key.
Lewis begins exploring the house and stumbles upon several creepy-looking puppets, along with Jonathan smashing a wall with an ax. Lewis, frightened, runs away and sees the windows, piano, and a "pet chair" (named Chairy), among other things, coming to life. At this point, Jonathan reveals to Lewis that he is a practicing warlock and that Florence is a witch. The house's previous owner was a sinister warlock named Isaac Izard (Kyle MacLachlan) and his equally wicked wife Selena (Renee Elise Goldsberry). Before Isaac and Selena both died the previous year, they left a clock in the house and Jonathan has been trying to find and discover its purpose. At Lewis's request, Jonathan agrees to teach him how to be a warlock. Lewis learns that to be a legitimate warlock, he must defeat an evil spirit using his own magic. Additionally, Jonathan lets Lewis know that he has only one house rule: never open a specific cabinet in his study.
Jonathan looks through an old book with clippings of Isaac when he was a famous illusionist, as well of pictures of him during World War II. Jonathan reveals to Florence that he has not told Lewis everything about Isaac and plans to keep him in the dark. Jonathan does explain to Lewis that he was not close to his family, as they disagreed with his practice of magic, forcing Jonathan to leave home. Lewis continues to practice his magic, even at school, which is noticed by a curious girl named Rose Rita Pottinger (Vanessa Anne Williams). Jonathan soon finds an old picture of Isaac and Selena, leading him to discover a secret entrance into a room holding the blueprints for the clock. In the meantime, Tarby wins class president and abandons Lewis, following a failed attempt by Lewis to read the hidden book on the instruction of Tarby. Jonathan and Florence look over the blueprints and they are both stumped on how to decipher it. She notices an omega symbol with a skull, which Isaac mentioned before he died. They also realize the symbol, in early Christianity, was an indicator of Judgement Day.
Lewis is once again visited by his mother in a dream. He laments that Tarby doesn't see him as a friend, so Mrs. Barnavelt suggests that he use a spell from the forbidden book of necromancy to make Tarby return to his side. On Halloween night, Lewis attempts to impress Tarby by performing a necromancy spell in a cemetery, but he unknowingly summons the ghost of Isaac. Jonathan and Florence realize that Isaac is back and all of their magic stopped working in Jonathan's house, so they hammer horseshoes on the front porch for protection. In Florence's home, Lewis notices a poster advertising Isaac and Jonathan as a magician duo. Florence shows Lewis a series of flashbacks that showed Isaac and Jonathan performing as magicians together until Isaac left to serve in World War II. Isaac eventually returned home, but was suffering from PTSD and mentioned visiting The Black Forest, which is known for harboring dark magic, and Florence thinks Isaac made a deal with a demon in exchange for more power. Florence then explains how Isaac performed a dark magic ritual to make a key for the clock which killed him, which is believed to made of Selena's bone. Florence also tells him she has lost faith in her power following the deaths of her family. Lewis tries to warn Tarby about Isaac, but he ignores Lewis and threatens to assault him. Lewis goes back home to find the blueprints so he can help out, but he is attacked by flying books. He escapes as Jonathan and Florence arrive to help. They go to a cafe in order for Lewis to read the blueprints, and discover that the clock is a doomsday device that will reverse time all the way to the beginning.
The three return home to find the horseshoes have been pulled off the walls, indicating Isaac had returned to the house. They enter to find it ransacked. Jonathan and Florence decide to destroy the key, but it won't dissolve in the acid they dip it in. Lewis then confesses to resurrecting Isaac just to impress Tarby and also because he thought that if the spell worked, he could see his parents again. Feeling betrayed, Jonathan decides he wants to send Lewis away for his disobedience. Lewis runs away crying and Florence tells Jonathan that he is being a coward for trying to avoid responsibility for the boy. Lewis notices Isaac in the house of Jonathan's neighbor Mrs. Hanchett (Colleen Camp). Lewis brings her to the house, but before Lewis can find Jonathan, Isaac emerges. He then reveals that Mrs. Hanchett is really Selena in disguise and that she killed the real Mrs. Hanchett, took her place, and that the key was made from her bones. Selena also reveals that she was taking the form of Mrs. Barnavelt to persuade Lewis into summoning Isaac. Isaac captures Lewis, followed by Jonathan and Florence, where he explains to them after the war, he met a demon named Azazel in The Black Forest who granted him with more power, and reveals that the clock will turn time back so that humanity never existed and uses living puppets and killer pumpkins to send the three away. Jonathan apologizes to Lewis for how he talked to him and they all plan to go back and stop Isaac and Selena. Lewis uses the Magic 8-Ball to learn the location of the clock under the boiler room. They return to the house, defeat the guardian pumpkins and puppets, and begin searching for the clock.
Florence is taken by Jonathan's mutated snake named Snakespeare, leaving Lewis and Jonathan to face the Izzards on their own. Isaac and Selena await as the lunar eclipse is setting, which will activate the clock's power. Lewis and Jonathan try to fight back, but Jonathan is transformed into a baby that still has his adult head. The eclipse begins, and people around town start to de-age to children. Lewis consults the Magic 8-Ball to know what to do and it says "Say goodbye." Lewis realizes he has to let go of his pain from losing his parents to harness his true power. He drops the ball into the clock's gears to slow it down, and using his own magic, Lewis blasts Isaac and Selena, causing them to fall, de-age, and ultimately be erased from existence. Everything goes back to normal as Florence reveals that she has fixed Snakespeare and Lewis asks her to be part of his new family.
Lewis returns to school with more confidence, and gets revenge on Tarby and his friends by magically bouncing a ball on their faces, and befriends Rose Rita Pottinger. Jonathan then picks him up from school where they go home with Florence as the three of them are now like a regular family, as reflected in the stained glass window.
Cast[edit]
Jack Black as Jonathan Barnavelt, Lewis's uncle and a warlock.
Cate Blanchett as Florence Zimmerman, Jonathan's neighbor and friend and a witch.
Owen Vaccaro as Lewis Barnavelt, Jonathan's 10-year old nephew.
Kyle MacLachlan as Isaac Izard, an evil warlock
Renée Elise Goldsberry as Selena Izard, Isaac's wife and a witch.
Sunny Suljic as Tarby Corrigan, a classmate of Lewis.
Vanessa Anne Williams as Rose Rita Pottinger, a classmate of Lewis.
Colleen Camp as Mrs. Hanchett, Jonathan's nosey neighbor.
Lorenza Izzo as Mrs. Barnavelt, Lewis' mother.
Eli Roth as Comrade Ivan
Production[edit]
Principal photography on the film began on October 10, 2017 in Atlanta, Georgia.[6] One of the challenges for the visual effects team was building massive 10-foot and 14.5-foot gears for the Clock Room sequence. Another challenge was designing the Jack-o’-lantern characters, which included input from Steven Spielberg on the final designs.[7]
Noah Schnapp auditioned for Lewis' role, but ended up staying to Owen Vaccaro.
Release[edit]
The House with a Clock in Its Walls was released by Universal Pictures on September 21, 2018.[8] Select IMAX screenings featured a 3D version of Michael Jackson's Thriller, which only ran for the first week of release.
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
As of October 28, 2018[update], The House with a Clock in Its Walls has grossed $66.5 million in the United States and Canada, and $44.8 million in other territories, for a total worldwide gross of $111.4 million, against a production budget of $42 million.[2]
In the United States and Canada, The House with a Clock in Its Walls was released alongside Assassination Nation, Life Itself and Fahrenheit 11/9, and was projected to gross $15–20 million from 3,592 theaters in its opening weekend.[9] The film made $7.8 million on its first day, including $840,000 from Thursday night previews. It went on to debut to $26.9 million, finishing first at the box office and marking the best opening of Roth's career, surpassing Hostel in 2006 ($19.6 million).[10] In its second weekend the film made $12.5 million, finishing third behind newcomers Night School and Smallfoot.[11]
Critical response[edit]
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 67% based on 166 reviews, with an average rating of 6/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "An entertaining PG detour for gore maestro Eli Roth, The House with a Clock in Its Walls is a family-friendly blend of humor and horror with an infectious sense of fun."[12]
On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 57 out of 100, based on 38 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[13] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it 3.5 out of 5 stars.[10]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The House with a Clock In Its Walls". British Board of Film Classification. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The House with a Clock in Its Walls (2018)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved October 28, 2018.
Jump up ^ Giles, Jeff (September 20, 2018). "The House with a Clock in Its Walls Ticks Along Tolerably". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved September 21, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Weekend Box Office: 'The House With A Clock In Its Walls' Strikes Midnight On Its Competition". Uproxx. September 23, 2018. Retrieved September 26, 2018.
Jump up ^ "House With a Clock in Its Walls tops box office as Fahrenheit 11/9 fizzles". Entertainment Weekly. September 23, 2018. Retrieved September 26, 2018.
Jump up ^ Kripke, Eric [@therealKripke] (October 10, 2017). "Day One! #HouseWithAClockInItsWalls Break a leg @eliroth, Jack Black, Cate Blanchett, Owen Vacarro @Kyle_MacLachlan!! Dream come true!" (Tweet). Retrieved November 14, 2017 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ "Inside THE HOUSE WITH A CLOCK IN ITS WALLS". VFXVoice.com. September 27, 2018. Retrieved October 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (September 26, 2017). "'The House With A Clock In Its Walls' Sets Alarm For Next September". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved September 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Fuster, Jeremy (September 18, 2018). "Can 'House With a Clock in Its Walls' Become the Fall's First Family Box Office Hit?". TheWrap. Retrieved September 18, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b D'Alessandro, Anthony (September 23, 2018). "'The House With A Clock In Its Walls' Sounding Near $27M Alarm; Counterprogramming Still In Deep Sleep". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media. Retrieved September 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (September 30, 2018). "'Night School' Top Of The Weekend's Box Office Class With $28M; Best Opening For A Comedy So Far This Year". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media. Retrieved September 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ "The House with a Clock in Its Walls (2018)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango. Retrieved September 26, 2018.
Jump up ^ "The House with a Clock in Its Walls Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved September 26, 2018.
External links[edit]
The House with a Clock in Its Walls on IMDb
Official website
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Knock Knock (2015)
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text:
Flooding of the Nile
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The festival of the Nile as depicted in Norden's Voyage d'Egypte et de Nubie
The flooding of the Nile (Arabic: عيد وفاء النيل, translit. eid wafa al-nayl) has been an important natural cycle in Egypt since ancient times. It is celebrated by Egyptians as an annual holiday for two weeks starting August 15, known as Wafaa El-Nil. It is also celebrated in the Coptic Church by ceremonially throwing a martyr's relic into the river, hence the name, The Martyr's Finger (Coptic: ⲡⲓⲧⲏⲃ ⲛⲙⲁⲣⲧⲏⲣⲟⲥ, Arabic: Esba` al-shahīd). Ancient Egyptians believed that the Nile flooded every year because of Isis's tears of sorrow for her dead husband, Osiris.
Contents
1 Flooding cycle
1.1 Importance for Egypt
2 Agriculture
2.1 Basin irrigation
2.2 Perennial irrigation
3 End of flooding
4 See also
5 References
5.1 Citations
5.2 Bibliography
Flooding cycle[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The flooding of the Nile is the result of the yearly monsoon between May and August causing enormous precipitations on the Ethiopian Highlands whose summits reach heights of up to 4550 m (14,928 ft). Most of this rainwater is taken by the Blue Nile and by the Atbarah River into the Nile, while a less important amount flows through the Sobat and the White Nile into the Nile. During this short period, those rivers contribute up to ninety percent of the water of the Nile and most of the sedimentation carried by it, but after the rainy season, dwindle to minor rivers.
These facts were unknown to the ancient Egyptians who could only observe the rise and fall of the Nile waters. The flooding as such was foreseeable, its exact dates and levels could only be forecast on a short term basis by transmitting the gauge readings at Aswan to the lower parts of the kingdom where the data had to be converted to the local circumstances. Which was not foreseeable, of course, was the size of flooding and its total discharge.
The Egyptian year was divided into the three seasons of Akhet (Inundation), Peret (Growth), and Shemu (Harvest). Akhet covered the Egyptian flood cycle. This cycle was so consistent that the Egyptians timed its onset using the heliacal rising of Sirius, the key event used to set their calendar.
The first indications of the rise of the river could be seen at the first of the cataracts of the Nile (at Aswan) as early as the beginning of June, and a steady increase went on until the middle of July, when the increase of water became very great. The Nile continued to rise until the beginning of September, when the level remained stationary for a period of about three weeks, sometimes a little less. In October it often rose again, and reached its highest level. From this period it began to subside, and usually sank steadily until the month of June when it reached its lowest level, again. Flooding reached Aswan about a week earlier than Cairo, and Luxor 5 – 6 days earlier than Cairo. Typical heights of flood were 45 feet (13.7 metres) at Aswan, 38 feet (11.6 metres) at Luxor (and Thebes) and 25 feet (7.6 metres) at Cairo.[1]
Importance for Egypt[edit]
Sundown and the flooded valley near Cairo
If it were not for the Nile River, Egyptian civilization could not have developed, as it is the only significant source of water in this desert region.
Its other importance was its function as their gateway to the unknown world. The Nile flows from south to north, to its delta on the Mediterranean Sea. The floods were seen as the annual coming of the god. Possibly Egyptian mythology was based on this understanding, creating stories of gods or nature to give added importance to the processes and cycles that sustained Egypt.
Agriculture[edit]
Basin irrigation[edit]
Whilst the earliest Egyptians simply laboured those areas which were inundated by the floods, some 7000 years ago, they started to develop the basin irrigation method. Agricultural land was divided into large fields surrounded by dams and dykes and equipped with intake and exit canals. The basins were flooded and then closed for about 45 days to saturate the soil with moisture and allow the silt to deposit. Then the water was discharged to lower fields or back into the Nile. Immediately thereafter, sowing started, and harvesting followed some three or four months later. In the dry season thereafter, farming was not possible. Thus, all crops had to fit into this tight scheme of irrigation and timing.
In case of a small flood, the upper basins could not be filled with water which would mean famine. If a flood was too large, it would damage villages, dykes and canals.
The basin irrigation method did not exact too much of the soils, and their fertility was sustained by the annual silt deposit. Salinisation did not occur, since in summer, the ground water level was well below the surface, and any salinity which might have accrued was washed away by the next flood.
It is estimated that by this method, in ancient Egypt, some 2 million up to a maximum of 12 million inhabitants could be nourished. By the end of Late Antiquity, the methods and infrastructure slowly decayed, and the population diminished accordingly.
By 1800, Egypt had a population of some 2.5 million inhabitants.
Perennial irrigation[edit]
Muhammad Ali Pasha, (1805–1848 Khedive of Egypt) modernized various aspects of Egypt. He endeavoured to extend arable land and achieve additional revenue by introducing cotton cultivation, a crop with a longer growing season and requiring sufficient water at all times. To this end, the Delta Barrages and wide systems of new canals were built, changing the irrigation system from the traditional basin irrigation to perennial irrigation whereby farmland could by irrigated throughout the year. Thereby, many crops could be harvested twice or even three times a year and agricultural output was increased dramatically.
In 1873, Isma'il Pasha built the Ibrahimiya Canal, thereby greatly extending perennial irrigation.
End of flooding[edit]
Although the British, during their first period in Egypt, improved and extended this system, it was not able to store large amounts of water and to fully retain the annual flooding. In order to further improve irrigation, Sir William Willcocks, in his role as director general of reservoirs for Egypt, planned and supervised the construction of the Aswan Low Dam, the first true storage reservoir, and the Assiut Barrage, both completed in 1902. However, they were still not able to retain sufficient water to cope with the driest summers, despite the Aswan Low Dam being raised twice, in 1907–1912 and in 1929–1933.
During the 1920s, the Sennar Dam was constructed on the Blue Nile as a reservoir in order to supply water to the huge Gezira Scheme on a regular basis. It was the first dam on the Nile to retain large amounts of sedimentation (and to divert a large quantity of it into the irrigation canals) and in spite of opening the sluice gates during the flooding in order to flush the sediments, the reservoir is assumed to have lost about a third of its storage capacity.[2] In 1966, the Roseires Dam was added to help irrigating the Gezira Scheme. The Jebel Aulia Dam on the White Nile south of Khartoum was completed in 1937 in order to compensate for the Blue Nile's low waters in winter, but it was still not possible to overcome a period of very low waters in the Nile and thus avoid occasional drought, which had plagued Egypt since ancient times.
In order to overcome these problems, Harold Edwin Hurst, a British hydrologist in the Egyptian Public Works from 1906 until many years after his retirement age, studied the fluctuations of the water levels in the Nile, and already in 1946 submitted an elaborate plan for how a "century storage" could be achieved to cope with exceptional dry seasons occurring statistically once in a hundred years. His ideas of further reservoirs using Lake Victoria, Lake Albert and Lake Tana and of reducing the evaporation in the Sudd by digging the Jonglei Canal were opposed by the states concerned.
Eventually, Gamal Abdel Nasser, President of Egypt from 1956 to 1970, opted for the idea of the Aswan High Dam at Aswan in Egypt instead of having to deal with many foreign countries. The required size of the reservoir was calculated using Hurst's figures and mathematical methods. In 1970, with the completion of the Aswan High Dam which was able to store the highest floods, the annual flooding cycle in Egypt came to an end in Lake Nasser.
In the meantime, Egyptian population has risen to 92.5 million inhabitants (2016 estimate).[3]
See also[edit]
Nilometer
Egyptian Public Works
Aswan Dam#Irrigation for agriculture
Water supply and sanitation in Egypt
Water resources management in modern Egypt
The National Water Research Center (Egypt)
References[edit]
Citations[edit]
Jump up ^ Budge, Wallis E A (1895). The Nile Notes for Travellers in Egypt. Thos. Cook & Son (Egypt), Ltd, Ludgate Circus, London.
Jump up ^ Eyasu Yazew Hagos: Development and Management of Irrigated Lands in Tigray, Ethiopia Dissertation 2005, Delft
Jump up ^ "Population Clock". Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics. 27 April 2013. Retrieved 11 February 2017.
Bibliography[edit]
Gill, Anton (2003). Ancient Egyptians: The Kingdom of the Pharaohs brought to Life. Harper Collins Entertainment.
William Willcocks, James Ireland Craig: Egyptian Irrigation. Volume I; Egyptian Irrigation. Volume II. 3rd edition. Spon, London/ New York 1913.
Greg Shapland: Rivers of Discord: International Water Disputes in the Middle East. C. Hurst & Co., London 1997, ISBN 1-85065-214-7, p. 57. (preview on Google books).
John V. Sutcliffe, Yvonne P. Parks: The Hydrology of the Nile. International Association of Hydrological Sciences, Wallingford 1999, ISBN 978-1-901502-75-6, p. 151. (PDF).
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Flooding of the Nile.
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Golf ball
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the sporting good. For the Roy Lichtenstein painting, see Golf Ball.
A golf ball beside a cup
A golf ball is a special ball designed to be used in the game of golf.
Under the rules of golf, a golf ball has a mass no more than 1.620 oz (45.93 grams), has a diameter not less than 1.680 in (42.67 mm), and performs within specified velocity, distance, and symmetry limits. Like golf clubs, golf balls are subject to testing and approval by the R&A (formerly part of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews) and the United States Golf Association, and those that do not conform with regulations may not be used in competitions (Rule 5–1).
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Regulations
3 Aerodynamics
4 Design
5 Behavior
6 Selection
6.1 Practice/range balls
6.2 Recycled balls
6.3 Markouts/X-Outs
7 Marking and personalisation
8 Radio location
9 World records
10 See also
11 References
12 Further reading
13 External links
13.1 History
History[edit]
Featherie golf balls
It is commonly believed that hard wooden, round balls were the first balls used for golf between the 14th through the 17th centuries. Though they were no doubt used for other similar contemporary stick and ball games, made from hardwoods such as beech and box trees, there is no definite evidence that they were used in golf in Scotland. It is equally, if not more likely, that leather balls filled with cows' hair were used, imported from The Netherlands from at least 1486 onward.[1] Then or later, the featherie ball was developed and introduced. A featherie, or feathery, is a hand-sewn round leather pouch stuffed with chicken or goose feathers and coated with paint, usually white in color. The volume measurement for the feathers was a gentleman's top hat full of feathers. The feathers were boiled and softened before they were stuffed into the leather pouch.[2] Making a featherie was a tedious and time-consuming process. An experienced ball maker could only make a few balls in one day, and so they were expensive. A single ball would cost between 2 shillings and 5 shillings, which is the equivalent of 10 to 20 US dollars today.[3]
There were a few drawbacks to the featherie. First, it was hard to make a perfectly round, spherical ball, and because of this, the featherie often flew irregularly. Also, when the featherie became too wet, its distance would be reduced, and there was a possibility of its splitting open upon impact when hit or when hitting the ground or other hard surface. Despite these, the featherie was still a dramatic improvement over the wooden ball, and remained the standard golf ball well into the 19th century.
In 1848, the Rev. Dr. Robert Adams Paterson (sometimes spelled Patterson) invented the gutta-percha ball (or guttie, gutty).[4][5] The guttie was made from dried sap of the Malaysian sapodilla tree. The sap had a rubber-like feel and could be made round by heating and shaping it in a round mold. Because gutties were cheaper to produce, could be re-formed if they became out-of-round or damaged, and had improved aerodynamic qualities, they soon became the preferred ball for use.[6][7] Accidentally, it was discovered that nicks in the guttie from normal use actually provided a ball with a more consistent ball flight than a guttie with a perfectly smooth surface. Thus, makers began intentionally making indentations into the surface of new balls using either a knife or hammer and chisel, giving the guttie a textured surface. Many patterns were tried and used. These new gutties, with protruding nubs left by carving patterned paths across the ball's surface, became known as "brambles" due to their resemblance to bramble fruit.
The next major breakthrough in golf ball development came in 1898. Coburn Haskell of Cleveland, Ohio had driven to nearby Akron, Ohio for a golf date with Bertram Work, the superintendent of the B.F. Goodrich Company. While he waited in the plant for Work, Haskell picked up some rubber thread and wound it into a ball. When he bounced the ball, it flew almost to the ceiling. Work suggested Haskell put a cover on the creation, and that was the birth of the 20th century wound golf ball that would soon replace the guttie bramble ball. The new design became known as the rubber Haskell golf ball. For decades, the wound rubber ball consisted of a liquid-filled or solid round core that was wound with a layer of rubber thread into a larger round inner core and then covered with a thin outer shell made of balata sap. The balata is a tree native to Central and South America and the Caribbean. The tree is tapped and the soft, viscous fluid released is a rubber-like material similar to gutta-percha, which was found to make an ideal cover for a golf ball. Balata, however, is relatively soft. If the leading edge of a highly lofted short iron contacts a balata-covered ball in a location other than the bottom of the ball a cut or "smile" will often be the result, rendering the ball unfit for play in most instances.
In the early 1900s, it was found that dimpling the ball provided even more control of the ball's trajectory, flight, and spin. David Stanley Froy, James McHardy, and Peter G. Fernie received a patent in 1897 for a ball with indentations;[8] Froy played in the Open in 1900 at the Old Course at St. Andrews with the first prototype.[9] Players were able to put additional backspin on the new wound, dimpled balls when using more lofted clubs, thus inducing the ball to stop more quickly on the green. Manufacturers soon began selling various types of golf balls with various dimple patterns to improve the length, trajectory, spin, and overall "feel" characteristics of the new wound golf balls. Wound, balata-covered golf balls were used into the late twentieth century.[10]
In the mid-1960s, a new synthetic resin, an ionomer of ethylene acid named Surlyn, was introduced (by E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company), as were new urethane blends for golf ball covers, and these new materials soon displaced balata as they proved more durable and more resistant to cutting.[11] Along with various other materials that came into use to replace the rubber-wound internal sphere, golf balls came to be classified as either two-piece, three-piece, or four-piece balls according to the number of layered components. These basic materials continue to be used in modern balls, with further advances in technology creating balls that can be customized to a player's strengths and weaknesses, and even allowing for the combination of characteristics that were formerly mutually-exclusive.
Liquid cores were commonly used in golf balls as early as 1917.[12] The liquid cores in many of the early balls contained a caustic liquid, typically an alkali, causing eye injuries to children who happened to dissect a golf ball out of curiosity.[13] By the 1920s, golf ball manufacturers had stopped using caustic liquids, but into the 1970s and 1980s golf balls were still at times exploding when dissected and were causing injuries due to the presence of crushed crystalline material present in the liquid cores.[14]
In 1967, Spalding purchased a patent for a solid golf ball from Jim Bartsch.[15] The original patent proposed a ball void of the former layered approach seen in earlier designs, but Bartsch's patent lacked the chemical properties needed in its manufacturing. Under Spalding, and its chemical engineering team, the development of a chemical resin eliminated the need for the former layered components entirely. Since this time, the majority of non-professional golfers have transitioned to using solid core (or "2-piece") golf balls.[10][16]
The specifications for the golf ball continue to be governed by the ruling bodies of the game; namely, The Royal & Ancient (The R&A), formerly part of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews, and the United States Golf Association (USGA).
Regulations[edit]
Older R&A approved "British" golf ball (left), and newer USGA approved "American" golf ball (right)
The Rules of Golf, jointly governed by the R&A and the USGA, state in Appendix III that the diameter of a "conforming" golf ball cannot be any smaller than 1.680 inches (42.67 mm), and the weight of the ball may not exceed 1.620 ounces (45.93 g). The ball must also have the basic properties of a spherically symmetrical ball, generally meaning that the ball itself must be spherical and must have a symmetrical arrangement of dimples on its surface. Additional rules direct players and manufacturers to other technical documents published by the R&A and USGA with additional restrictions, such as radius and depth of dimples, maximum launch speed from test apparatus (generally defining the coefficient of restitution) and maximum total distance when launched from the test equipment.
In general, the governing bodies and their regulations seek to provide a relatively level playing field and maintain the traditional form of the game and its equipment, while not completely halting the use of new technology in equipment design.
Until 1990, it was permissible to use balls of less than 1.68 inches in diameter in tournaments under the jurisdiction of the R&A, which differed in its ball specifications rules from those of the USGA.[17] This ball was commonly called a "British" ball, while the golf ball approved by the USGA was simply the "American ball". The smaller diameter gave the player a distance advantage, especially in high winds, as the smaller ball created a similarly smaller "wake" behind it.
Aerodynamics[edit]
When a golf ball is hit, the impact, which lasts less than a millisecond, determines the ball’s velocity, launch angle and spin rate, all of which influence its trajectory and its behavior when it hits the ground.
A ball moving through air experiences two major aerodynamic forces, lift and drag. Dimpled balls fly farther than non-dimpled balls due to the combination of these two effects.
Drag coefficient Cd for a sphere as a function of Reynolds number Re, as obtained from laboratory experiments. The dark line is for a sphere with a smooth surface, while the lighter line is for the case of a rough surface (e.g. with small dimples). There is a range of fluid velocities where a rough-surfaced golf ball experiences less drag than a smooth ball. The numbers along the line indicate several flow regimes and associated changes in the drag coefficient:
•2: attached flow (Stokes flow) and steady separated flow,
•3: separated unsteady flow, having a laminar flow boundary layer upstream of the separation, and producing a vortex street,
•4: separated unsteady flow with a laminar boundary layer at the upstream side, before flow separation, with downstream of the sphere a chaotic turbulent wake,
•5: post-critical separated flow, with a turbulent boundary layer.
First, the dimples on the surface of a golf ball cause the boundary layer on the upstream side of the ball to transition from laminar to turbulent. The turbulent boundary layer is able to remain attached to the surface of the ball much longer than a laminar boundary and so creates a narrower low-pressure wake and hence less pressure drag. The reduction in pressure drag causes the ball to travel farther.[18]
Second, backspin generates lift by deforming the airflow around the ball,[19] in a similar manner to an airplane wing. This is called the Magnus effect.
Backspin is imparted in almost every shot due to the golf club's loft (i.e., angle between the clubface and a vertical plane). A backspinning ball experiences an upward lift force which makes it fly higher and longer than a ball without spin.[20]
Sidespin occurs when the clubface is not aligned perpendicularly to the intended direction of swing or ball-to-target line, leading to a lift force that makes the ball curve to one side or the other based on the direction of where the clubface is pointing at impact. The dimples allow both the sidespin to occur as well as to promote an angular upward lift. Some dimple designs are claimed to reduce the sidespin effects to provide a straighter ball flight.
To keep the aerodynamics optimal, the golf ball needs to be clean, including all dimples. Thus, it is advisable that golfers wash their balls whenever permissible by the rules of golf. Golfers can wash their balls manually using a wet towel or using a ball washer of some type.
Design[edit]
These two balls are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,560,168. They are both easily made with a two-piece mould. Since there is no dimple located on any of the slash-dotted circles (one is marked red), the mould can be two hemispheres
Dimples first became a feature of golf balls when English engineer and manufacturer William Taylor, co-founder of the Taylor-Hobson company, registered a patent for a dimple design in 1905.[21] William Taylor had realized that golf players were trying to make irregularities on their balls, noticing that used balls were going further than new ones. Hence he decided to make systematic tests to determine what surface formation would give the best flight. He then developed a pattern consisting of regularly spaced indentations over the entire surface, and later tools to help producing such balls in series[22] Other types of patterned covers were in use at about the same time, including one called a "mesh" and another named the "bramble", but the dimple became the dominant design due to "the superiority of the dimpled cover in flight".[23]
Most golf balls on sale today have about 250–450 dimples, though there have been balls with more than 1000 dimples. The record holder was a ball with 1,070 dimples—414 larger ones (in four different sizes) and 656 pinhead-sized ones.
Officially sanctioned balls are designed to be as symmetrical as possible. This symmetry is the result of a dispute that stemmed from the Polara, a ball sold in the late 1970s that had six rows of normal dimples on its equator but very shallow dimples elsewhere. This asymmetrical design helped the ball self-adjust its spin axis during the flight. The USGA refused to sanction it for tournament play and, in 1981, changed the rules to ban aerodynamic asymmetrical balls. Polara's producer sued the USGA and the association paid US$1.375 million in a 1985 out-of-court settlement.[24] Polara Golf now manufactures balls with “Self-Correcting Technology” for non-tournament play.
Golf balls are usually white, but are available in other high visibility colors, which helps with finding the ball when lost or when playing in low-light or frosty conditions.
As well as bearing the maker's name or logo, balls are usually printed with numbers or other symbols to help players identify their ball.
Behavior[edit]
Today, golf balls are manufactured using a variety of different materials, offering a range of playing characteristics to suit the player's abilities and desired flight and landing behaviors.
A key consideration is "compression", typically determined by the hardness of the ball's core layers. A harder "high-compression" ball will fly further because of the more efficient transfer of energy into the ball, but will also transmit more of a shock through the club to the player's hands (a "hard feel"). A softer "low-compression" ball will do just the opposite. Golfers typically prefer a softer feel, especially in the "short game", as the softer ball typically also has greater backspin with lofted irons. But drive distance is also of critical importance to many players wanting to get on the green in fewer strokes for a chance at a birdie or eagle, which a softer ball will reduce by wasting some of the impact energy in its compression.
Another consideration is "spin", affected by compression and by the cover material; a "high-spin" ball allows more of the ball's surface to contact the clubface at impact, allowing the grooves of the clubface to "grip" the ball and induce more backspin at launch. Backspin creates lift that can increase carry distance, and also provides "bite" which allows a ball to arrest its forward motion at the initial point of impact, bouncing straight up or even backwards, allowing for precision placement of the ball on the green with an approach shot. However, high-spin cover materials, typically being softer, are less durable which shortens the useful life of the ball, and backspin is not desirable on most long-distance shots, such as with the driver, as it causes the shot to "balloon" and then to bite on the fairway, when additional rolling distance is usually desired.
Lastly, the pattern of dimples plays a role. By regulation, the arrangement of the dimples on the ball must be as symmetrical as possible; however, the dimples don't all have to be the same size, nor be in a uniform distribution. This allows designers to arrange the dimple patterns in such a way that the resistance to spinning is lower along certain axes of rotation and higher along others; this causes the ball to "settle" into one of these low-resistance axes that (golfers hope) is close to parallel with the ground and perpendicular to the direction of travel, thereby eliminating "sidespin" induced by a slight mishit, which will cause the ball to curve off its intended flight path. A badly mishit ball will still curve, as the ball will settle into a spin axis that is not parallel with the ground which, much like an aircraft's wings, will cause the shot to bank either to the left or to the right.
Selection[edit]
There are many types of golf balls on the market, and customers often face a difficult decision. Golf balls are divided into two categories: recreational and advanced balls. Recreational balls are oriented toward the ordinary golfer, who generally have low swing speeds (80 miles per hour (130 km/h) or lower) and lose golf balls on the course easily. These balls are made of two layers, with the cover firmer than the core. Their low compression and side spin reduction characteristics suit the lower swing speeds of average golfers quite well. Furthermore, they generally have lower prices than the advanced balls, lessening the financial impact of losing a ball to a hazard or out of bounds.
Advanced balls are made of multiple layers (three or more), with a soft cover and firm core. They induce a greater amount of spin from lofted shots (wedges especially), as well as a sensation of softness in the hands in short-range shots. However, these balls require a much greater swing speed that only the physically strong players could carry out to compress at impact. If the compression of a golf ball does not match a golfer's swing speed, either the lack of compression or over-compression will occur, resulting in loss of distance. There are also many brands and colors to choose from, with colored balls and better brands generally being more expensive, making an individual's choice more difficult.
Practice/range balls[edit]
A practice ball or range ball is similar to a recreational golf ball, but is designed to be inexpensive, durable and have a shorter flight distance, while still retaining the principal behaviors of a "real" golf ball and so providing useful feedback to players. All of these are desirable qualities for use in an environment like a driving range, which may be limited in maximum distance, and must have many thousands of balls on-hand at any time that are each hit and mis-hit hundreds of times during their useful life.
To accomplish these ends, practice balls are typically harder-cored than even recreational balls, have a firmer, more durable cover to withstand the normal abrasion caused by a club's hitting surface, and are made as cheaply as possible while maintaining a durable, quality product. Practice balls are typically labelled with "PRACTICE" in bold lettering, and often also have one or more bars or lines printed on them, which allow players (and high-speed imaging aids) to see the ball's spin more easily as it leaves the tee or hitting turf.
Practice balls conform to all applicable requirements of the Rules of Golf, and as such are legal for use on the course, but as the hitting characteristics are not ideal, players usually opt for a better-quality ball for actual play.
Recycled balls[edit]
Used golf balls
Players, especially novice and casual players, lose a large number of balls during the play of a round. Balls hit into water hazards, penalty areas, buried deeply in sand, and otherwise lost or abandoned during play are a constant source of litter that groundskeepers must contend with, and can confuse players during a round who may hit an abandoned ball (incurring a penalty by strict rules). An estimated 1.2 billion balls are manufactured every year and an estimated 300 million are lost in the US alone.[25][26]
A variety of devices such as nets, harrows, sand rakes etc. have been developed that aid the groundskeeping staff in efficiently collecting these balls from the course as they accumulate. Once collected, they may be discarded, kept by the groundskeeping staff for their own use, repurposed on the club's driving range, or sold in bulk to a recycling firm. These firms clean and resurface the balls to remove abrasions and stains, grade them according to their resulting quality, and sell the various grades of playable balls back to golfers through retailers at a discount.
Used or recycled balls with obvious surface deformation, abrasion or other degradation are known informally as "shags", and while they remain useful for various forms of practice drills such as chipping, putting and driving, and can be used for casual play, players usually opt for used balls of higher quality, or for new balls, when playing in serious competition. Other grades are typically assigned letters or proprietary terms, and are typically differentiated by the cost and quality of the ball when new and the ability of the firm to restore the ball to "like-new" condition. The "top grade" balls are typically balls that are considered the current state of the art and, after cleaning and surfacing, are indistinguishable externally from a new ball sold by the manufacturer.
Markouts/X-Outs[edit]
In addition to recycled balls, casual golfers wishing to procure quality balls at a discount price can often purchase "X-outs". These are "factory seconds"; balls which have failed the manufacturer's quality control testing standards and which the manufacturer therefore does not wish to sell under its brand name. To avoid a loss of money on materials and labor, however, the balls which still generally conform to the Rules are marked to obscure the brand name (usually with a series of "X"s, hence the most common term "X-out"), packaged in generic boxes and sold at a deep discount.
Typically, the flaw that caused the ball to fail QC does not have a significant effect on its flight characteristics (balls with serious flaws are usually discarded outright at the manufacturing plant), and so these "X-outs" will often perform identically to their counterparts that have passed the company's QC. They are thus a good choice for casual play. However, because the balls have been effectively "disowned" for practical and legal purposes by their manufacturer, they are not considered to be the same as the brand-name balls on the USGA's published Conforming Golf Ball List. Therefore, when playing in a tournament or other event that requires the ball used by the player to appear on this list as a "condition of competition", X-outs of any kind are illegal.
Marking and personalisation[edit]
Golfers need to distinguish their ball from other players' to ensure that they do not play the wrong ball. This is often done by making a mark on the ball using a permanent marker pen such as a Sharpie. A wide number of markings are used; a majority of players either simply write their initial in a particular color, or color in a particular arrangement of the dimples on the ball. Many players make multiple markings so that at least one can be seen without having to lift the ball. Marking tools such as stamps and stencils are available to speed the marking process.
Alternatively, balls are usually sold pre-marked with the brand and model of golf ball, and also with a letter, number or symbol. This combination can usually (but not always) be used to distinguish a player's ball from other balls in play and from lost or abandoned balls on the course. Companies, country clubs and event organizers commonly have balls printed with their logo as a promotional tool, and some professional players are supplied with balls by their sponsors which have been custom-printed with something unique to that player (their name, signature, or a personal symbol).
Radio location[edit]
Golf balls with embedded radio transmitters to allow lost balls to be located were first introduced in 1973, only to be rapidly banned for use in competition.[27][28] More recently RFID transponders have been used for this purpose, though these are also illegal in tournaments. This technology can however be found in some computerized driving ranges. In this format, each ball used at the range has an RFID with its own unique transponder code. When dispensed, the range registers each dispensed ball to the player, who then hits them towards targets in the range. When the player hits a ball into a target, they receive distance and accuracy information calculated by the computer. The use of this technology was first commercialized by World Golf Systems Group to create TopGolf, a brand and chain of computerized ranges now owned by International Management Company.
World records[edit]
Canadian long drive champion Jason Zuback broke the world ball speed record on an episode of Sport Science with a golf ball speed of 328 km/h (204 mph). The previous record of 302 km/h (188 mph) was held by José Ramón Areitio, a Jai Alai player.[29]
See also[edit]
Air flow ball
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Golf Ball History from Hairy to Haskell 2014
Jump up ^ Seltzer, Leon (2008). Golf: The Science and the Art. Tate Publishing & Enterprises. p. 37. ISBN 978-1602478480.
Jump up ^ Feature Interview with Kevin Cook May, 2007. golfclubatlas.com
Jump up ^ "Timeline of the history of golf". St Andrews Links Trust. Archived from the original on 2009-06-02.
Jump up ^ "Golf ball inventor dead" (PDF). The New York Times. April 26, 1904. Retrieved 2009-05-18.
Jump up ^ "gutta percha golf balls". The Antiques Bible.
Jump up ^ :: The World-Wide Encyclopedia, 1896, "Golf"
Jump up ^ Espacenet - Bibliographic data
Jump up ^ [1]
^ Jump up to: a b "Hot, new solid-core balls have nearly KO'd their wound-ball rivals", Golf Digest, June 2001.
Jump up ^ DuPont™ Surlyn® golf ball applications. dupont.com (2005-12-02). Retrieved on 2013-11-03.
Jump up ^ American Homoeopathic, Ophthalmological, Otological and Laryngological Society (1917). "GOLF BALL RUPTURE IN MOUTH WITH ACID BURNS TO LARYNX TRACHEA BRONCHI OESOPHAGUS STOMACH AND DEATH IN THIRTY HOURS FROM BRONCHOPNEUMONIA". The Journal of Ophthalmology. 23. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Crigler, L.W. (1913). "Burn of Eyeball Due to Caustic Contents of Golf-Ball". Journal of the American Medical Association. 60 (17): 1297–1297. doi:10.1001/jama.1913.04340170025018.
Jump up ^ Lucas, D.R.; et al. (1976). "Ocular injuries from liquid golf ball cores". British Journal of Ophthalmology. 60 (11): 740–747. doi:10.1136/bjo.60.11.740.
Jump up ^ "Obituaries: James R. Bartsch, Inventor, 58". The New York Times. March 7, 1991. Retrieved July 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Golf Ball Knowledge: Pieces", golfball-guide.de, retrieved 26 Sep 2015
Jump up ^ "Golf Timeline – 1990 – The Year in Golf, 1990". Golf.about.com. Retrieved 2013-07-16.
Jump up ^ Aerospaceweb, Golf Ball Dimples and Drag (accessed 11 August 2011)
Jump up ^ Nakagawa, Masamichi; Yabe, Takashi; Misaki, Masaya; Manome, Kazuto; Yamada, Tetsuri (2005). "Aerodynamic Coefficients of a Dimpled Sphere in Back-Spin". Nihon Kikai Gakkai Nenji Taikai Koen Ronbunshu. 2: 89–90. Archived from the original on 2012-01-26.
Jump up ^ DeForest, Craig. Physics/General/golf. math.ucr.edu
Jump up ^ US patent 878254, William Taylor, "Golf-ball", issued 1908-02-04
Jump up ^ The Taylor Hobson Story. Taylor-hobson.com (2004-06-18). Retrieved on 2013-11-03.
Jump up ^ Feldman, David (1989). When Do Fish Sleep? And Other Imponderables of Everyday Life. Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc. p. 46. ISBN 0-06-016161-2.
Jump up ^ "SCOUTING; Duffer's Dream Finally Over". The New York Times. 1986-01-08.
Jump up ^ Scott, Alex (12 June 2017). "What's inside golf balls, and can chemistry make them fly farther?". Chemical & Engineering News. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Pennington, Bill (2 May 2010). "The Burden and Boon of Lost Golf Balls". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
Jump up ^ History of the rules of golf. Ruleshistory.com. Retrieved on 2013-11-03.
Jump up ^ Euronics Limited. US Patent 3782730. Publication Date: 1 January 1974 .
Jump up ^ "FSN Sport Science – Episode 7 – Myths – Jason Zuback". Sport Science. YouTube. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
Further reading[edit]
Penner, A.R. (2001). "The physics of golf: The convex face of a driver". American Journal of Physics, 69(10), 1073-1081. DOI: 10.1119/1.1380380. Retrieved from: http://hdl.handle.net/10613/2816
Penner, A.R. (2001). "The physics of golf: The optimum loft of a driver". American Journal of Physics, 69(5), 563-568. DOI: 10.1119/1.1344164. Retrieved from: http://hdl.handle.net/10613/2821
External links[edit]
Online golf ball museum with more than 1000 different golf balls
Golf ball aerodynamics
Golf Balls Get Built-In Zip, July 1950, Popular Science detailed article on production of Golf Balls
History[edit]
A history of the golf ball
All about Golf Balls
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Indian cricket team records
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This page details India national cricket team records.
Contents
[hide]
1 Head to Head records with other teams
1.1 Overall
1.2 Tests
1.3 ODIs
1.4 T20Is
2 Test records
3 ODI records
4 T20I records
5 See also
6 References
Head to Head records with other teams[edit]
Overall[edit]
Format
Span
Matches
Won
Lost
Tied
Draw†/No Result‡
% Won¤
% Loss
% Draw
Test 1932–2018 521 144 160 1 216 27.73 30.80 41.45
ODI 1974–2018 939 483 409 7 40 54.11 45.88 –
T20I 2006–2018 99 61 35 1 2 63.40 36.59 –
Overall 1932–2018 1559 688 604 9 216†/42‡ 45.64 40.11 –
Source: [1],[2],[3] Last updated: 18 March 2018 (Test, ODI, T20) [1]
†Only applies to Tests.
‡Only applies to ODIs and T20Is.
¤Tie matches were considered as half win and half loss.
Tests[edit]
Opponent
Matches
Won
Lost
Tied
Draw
W/L Ratio
First
Last
Afghanistan
0 0 0 0 0 - - -
Australia
94 26 41 1 26 0.63 1947 2017
Bangladesh
9 7 0 0 2 - 2000 2017
England
117 25 43 0 49 0.58 1932 2016
Ireland
0 0 0 0 0 - - -
New Zealand
57 21 10 0 26 2.10 1955 2016
Pakistan
59 9 12 0 38 0.75 1952 2007
South Africa
36 11 15 0 10 0.73 1992 2018
Sri Lanka
44 20 7 0 17 2.85 1982 2017
West Indies
94 18 30 0 46 0.60 1948 2016
Zimbabwe
11 7 2 0 2 3.50 1992 2005
Total
521 144 160 1 216 0.90 1932 2018
Statistics are correct as of India v South Africa at New Wanderers Stadium, Johannesburg, 3rd Test, Jan 24-27, 2018.[2][3]
v
t
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ODIs[edit]
Opponent
Matches
Won
Lost
Tied
No Result
% Won
First
Last
ICC Full Members
Afghanistan
1 1 0 0 0 100.00 2014 2014
Australia
128 45 73 0 10 38.13 1980 2017
Bangladesh
33 27 5 0 1 84.37 1988 2017
England
96 52 39 2 3 56.98 1974 2017
Ireland
3 3 0 0 0 100.00 2007 2015
New Zealand
101 51 44 1 5 53.64 1975 2017
Pakistan
129 52 73 0 4 41.60 1978 2017
South Africa
83 34 46 0 3 42.50 1988 2018
Sri Lanka
158 90 56 1 11 61.56 1979 2017
West Indies
121 56 61 1 3 47.88 1979 2017
Zimbabwe
63 51 10 2 0 82.53 1983 2016
Others
Bermuda
1 1 0 0 0 100.00 2007 2007
East Africa
1 1 0 0 0 100.00 1975 1975
Hong Kong
1 1 0 0 0 100.00 2008 2008
Kenya
13 11 2 0 0 84.61 1996 2004
Namibia
1 1 0 0 0 100.00 2003 2003
Netherlands
2 2 0 0 0 100.00 2003 2011
Scotland
1 1 0 0 0 100.00 2007 2007
United Arab Emirates
3 3 0 0 0 100.00 1994 2015
Total
939 483 409 7 40 54.11 1974 2018
Statistics are correct as of India v South Africa at SuperSport Park, Centurion, 16 February 2018.[4][5]
v
t
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T20Is[edit]
Opponent
Matches
Won
Lost
Tie+Win
Tie+Loss
No Result
% Won
First
Last
ICC Full Members
Afghanistan
2 2 0 0 0 0 100.00 2010 2012
Australia
15 10 5 0 0 0 66.66 2007 2017
Bangladesh
8 8 0 0 0 0 100.00 2009 2018
England
11 5 6 0 0 0 45.45 2007 2017
Ireland
1 1 0 0 0 0 100.00 2009 2009
New Zealand
8 2 6 0 0 0 25.00 2007 2017
Pakistan
8 6 1 1 0 0 81.25 2007 2016
South Africa
13 8 5 0 0 0 61.53 2006 2018
Sri Lanka
16 11 5 0 0 0 68.75 2009 2018
West Indies
8 2 5 0 0 1 28.57 2009 2017
Zimbabwe
7 5 2 0 0 0 71.42 2010 2016
ICC Associate members
Scotland
1 0 0 0 0 1 – 2007 2007
United Arab Emirates
1 1 0 0 0 0 100.00 2016 2016
Total
99 61 35 1 0 2 63.40 2006 2018
Statistics are correct as of India v Bangladesh at R. Premadasa Stadium, Colombo, March 18, 2018.[6][7]
v
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Test records[edit]
Main article: List of India Test cricket records
ODI records[edit]
Main article: List of India One Day International cricket records
T20I records[edit]
Main article: List of India Twenty20 International cricket records
See also[edit]
List of Cricket records
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Records | One-Day Internationals | Team records | Results summary | ESPN Cricinfo". Cricinfo. Retrieved 2017-10-27.
Jump up ^ "Records / India / Test matches / Result summary". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Records / Test matches / Team records / Results summary". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Records / India / One-Day Internationals / Result summary". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Records / One-Day Internationals / Team records / Results summary". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Records / India / Twenty20 Internationals / Result summary". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
Jump up ^ "Records / Twenty20 Internationals / Team records / Results summary". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
[show]
v
t
e
India national cricket team
Test: 1st
ODI: 2nd
T20I: 3rd
Team
History of the Indian cricket team
Indian national cricket captains
Records
Head-to-head
Test
ODI
T20I
Matches
Home tours
Away tours
Second Test, 2000–01 Border–Gavaskar Trophy
Second Test, 2007–08 Border–Gavaskar Trophy
Grounds
List of cricket grounds in India
International venues
Culture
Cricket in India
Indian spin quartet
Key personnel
Governing Body: Board of Control for Cricket in India
Selection Committee: Indian national cricket selectors
Coach: Anil Kumble
Captains: Virat Kohli (Test) MS Dhoni (ODI & T20)
World Cup wins (2)
1983
2011
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_cricket_team_records&oldid=831218797"
Categories:
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