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Redwood National and State Parks
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Redwood National and State Parks
IUCN category II (national park)
Fog in the forest
Location of Redwood National and State Parks
Location of Redwood National and State Parks
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Location
Humboldt County & Del Norte County, California, US
Nearest city
Crescent City
Coordinates
41°18′N 124°00′W / 41.3°N 124°W / 41.3; -124Coordinates: 41°18′N 124°00′W / 41.3°N 124°W / 41.3; -124
Area
139,000 acres (560 km2)[1]
Established
August 27, 1969
Visitors
536,297 (in 2016)[2]
Governing body
Co-managed by National Park Service and California Department of Parks and Recreation
Website
Redwood National and State Parks
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Criteria
Natural: (vii), (ix)
Reference
134
Inscription
1980 (4th Session)
[edit on Wikidata]
The Redwood National and State Parks (RNSP) are old-growth temperate rainforests located in the United States, along the coast of northern California. Comprising Redwood National Park (established 1968) and California's Del Norte Coast, Jedediah Smith, and Prairie Creek Redwoods State Parks (dating from the 1920s), the combined RNSP contain 139,000 acres (560 km2).[3] Located entirely within Del Norte and Humboldt Counties, the four parks, together, protect 45% of all remaining coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) old-growth forests, totaling at least 38,982 acres (157.75 km2). These trees are the tallest and one of the most massive tree species on Earth. In addition to the redwood forests, the parks preserve other indigenous flora, fauna, grassland prairie, cultural resources, portions of rivers and other streams, and 37 miles (60 km) of pristine coastline.
In 1850, old-growth redwood forest covered more than 2,000,000 acres (8,100 km2) of the California coast. The northern portion of that area, originally inhabited by Native Americans, attracted many lumbermen and others turned gold miners when a minor gold rush brought them to the region. Failing in efforts to strike it rich in gold, these men turned toward harvesting the giant trees[4] for booming development in San Francisco and other places on the West Coast. After many decades of unrestricted clear-cut logging, serious efforts toward conservation began. By the 1920s the work of the Save-the-Redwoods League, founded in 1918 to preserve remaining old-growth redwoods, resulted in the establishment of Prairie Creek, Del Norte Coast, and Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Parks among others. Redwood National Park was created in 1968, by which time nearly 90% of the original redwood trees had been logged. The National Park Service (NPS) and the California Department of Parks and Recreation (CDPR) administratively combined Redwood National Park with the three abutting Redwood State Parks in 1994 for the purpose of cooperative forest management and stabilization of forests and watersheds as a single unit.[5]
The ecosystem of the RNSP preserves a number of threatened animal species such as the tidewater goby, Chinook salmon, northern spotted owl, and Steller's sea lion.[6] In recognition of the rare ecosystem and cultural history found in the parks, the United Nations designated them a World Heritage Site on September 5, 1980 and part of the California Coast Ranges International Biosphere Reserve on June 30, 1983.[7][8]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Park management
3 Natural resources
3.1 Flora
3.2 Fauna
3.3 Invasive species
3.4 Geology
3.5 Climate
3.6 Fire management
4 Recreation
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
History[edit]
Reconstruction of a Yurok Native American plankhouse constructed of redwood boards
Modern day native groups such as the Yurok, Tolowa, Karok, Chilula, and Wiyot all have historical ties to the region, and some Native American groups still live in the park area today. Archaeological study shows they arrived in the area as far back as 3,000 years ago. An 1852 census determined that the Yurok were the most numerous, with 55 villages and an estimated population of 2,500.[9] They used the abundant redwood, which with its linear grain was easily split into planks, as a building material for boats, houses, and small villages.[10] For buildings, the planks would be erected side by side in a narrow trench, with the upper portions bound with leather strapping and held by notches cut into the supporting roof beams. Redwood boards were used to form a shallow sloping roof.[11]
Previous to Jedediah Smith in 1828, no other explorer of European descent is known to have thoroughly investigated the inland region away from the immediate coast. The discovery of gold along the Trinity River in 1850 led to a minor secondary rush in California. This brought miners into the area and many stayed on at the coast after failing to strike it rich. This quickly led to conflicts wherein native peoples were placed under great strain, if not forcibly removed or massacred.[12] By 1895, only one third of the Yurok in one group of villages remained; by 1919, virtually all members of the Chilula tribe had either died or been assimilated into other tribes.[13] The miners logged redwoods for building; when this minor gold rush ended, some of them turned again to logging, cutting down the giant redwood trees. Initially, over 2,000,000 acres (8,100 km2) of the California and southwestern coast of Oregon were old-growth redwood forest, but by 1910, extensive logging led conservationists and concerned citizens to begin seeking ways to preserve the remaining trees, which they saw being logged at an alarming rate.[14] In 1911, U.S. Representative John E. Raker, of California, became the first politician to introduce legislation for the creation of a redwood national park. However, no further action was taken by Congress at that time.
The coast redwood is the tallest tree species on Earth.
Preservation of the redwood stands in California is considered one of the most substantial conservation contributions of the Boone and Crockett Club. The Save-the-Redwoods League was founded in 1918 by Boone and Crockett Club members Madison Grant, John C. Merriam, Henry Fairfield Osborn, and future member, Frederick Russell Burnham. The initial purchases of land were made by club member Stephen Mather and William Kent. In 1921, Boone and Crockett Club member John C. Phillips donated $32,000 to purchase land and create the Raynal Bolling Memorial Grove in the Humboldt Redwoods State Park.[15] This was timely as U.S. Route 101, which would soon provide nearly unfettered access to the trees, was under construction. Using matching funds provided initially by the County of Humboldt and later by the State of California, the Save-the-Redwoods League managed to protect areas of concentrated or multiple redwood groves and a few entire forests in the 1920s. As California created a state park system, beginning in 1927, three of the preserved redwood areas became Prairie Creek Redwoods, Del Norte Coast Redwoods, and Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Parks. A fourth became Humboldt Redwoods State Park, by far the largest of the individual Redwood State Parks, but not in the Redwood National and State Park system. Because of the high demand for lumber during World War II and the construction boom that followed in the 1950s, the creation of a national park was delayed. Efforts by the Save-the-Redwoods League, the Sierra Club, and the National Geographic Society to create a national park began in the early 1960s.[16] After intense lobbying of Congress, the bill creating Redwood National Park was signed by President Lyndon Johnson on October 2, 1968. The Save-the-Redwoods League and other entities purchased over 100,000 acres (400 km2), which were added to existing state parks. In 1978, 48,000 acres (190 km2) were added to Redwood National Park in a major expansion.[16] However, only a fifth of that land was old-growth forest, the rest having been logged. This expansion protected the watershed along Redwood Creek from being adversely affected by logging operations outside the park. The federal and state parks were administratively combined in 1994.[17]
The United Nations designated Redwood National and State Parks a World Heritage Site on September 5, 1980. The evaluation committee noted 50 prehistoric archaeological sites, spanning 4,500 years. It also cited ongoing research in the park by Humboldt State University researchers, among others.[18] The park is part of a much larger region designated the California Coast Ranges International Biosphere Reserve on June 30, 1983.[19] The California Coast Ranges biosphere is overseen by the University of California Natural Reserve System.
The park has served as a filming location for numerous films. Scenes set on the forest moon Endor in Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi were filmed in the Tall Trees Redwood Grove in the northern part of Humboldt County, though the majority of filming was in private and public forests near the town of Smith River, California. Scenes for The Lost World: Jurassic Park as well as the movie Outbreak were filmed at the nearby Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park and at Patrick's Point State Park.[20]
Park management[edit]
Map illustrates Redwood National and State Parks features and boundaries.
Redwood National Park headquarters is located in Crescent City, California, with a service office located in Arcata and an operations center located in Orick, California.
Lack of money has precluded major improvements, however, and timber companies have replanted much of the logged area with non-native tree species. Coastline areas, including dunes and coastal prairie, have been invaded by exotic species, partly due to the suppression of forest fires until the 1980s. A fire management plan now allows controlled burning as one method to return the parkland to its original state. Since the redwoods were logged on the basis of accessibility, with inaccessible areas being cut last, large old-growth forest sections were isolated from one another, sometimes by many miles. In these cases it will be decades more before mature forest can return, regardless of the amount of money used to rehabilitate the ecosystem.[21]
The park has transformed a few logging roads into scenic public drives. These do not meet current safety standards, but funding to improve them is not available at present. Park structures such as visitor centers and employee housing also need updating to meet increasing demands. Park employees perform air and water quality surveys, monitor endangered and threatened species, and work closely with the California Coastal National Monument, which is managed by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management.[22] In 2005, the parks were authorized to expand another 25,000 acres (100 km2) to include the Mill Creek watershed.[23]
Natural resources[edit]
The Redwood National and State Parks form one of the most significant protected areas of the Northern California coastal forests ecoregion.
Flora[edit]
It is estimated that old-growth redwood forest once covered close to 2,000,000 acres (8,100 km2) of coastal northern California.[24] 96% of all old-growth redwoods have been logged, and almost half (45%) of the redwoods remaining are found in Redwood National and State Parks. The parks protect 38,982 acres (157.75 km2) of old-growth forest almost equally divided between federal 19,640 acres (79.5 km2) and state 19,342 acres (78.27 km2) management.[23] Redwoods have existed along the coast of northern California for at least 20 million years and are related to tree species that existed 160 million years ago.[25]
The native range of coast redwood is from the northern California coast north to the southern Oregon Coast. The tree is closely related to the giant sequoia of central California, and more distantly to the dawn redwood which is indigenous to the Sichuan–Hubei region of China. Coast redwoods are the tallest trees on Earth; as of September 2006, the tallest tree in the park was Hyperion at 379.1 feet (115.5 m), followed by Helios and Icarus which were 376.3 feet (114.7 m) and 371.2 feet (113.1 m) respectively.[26]
Sequoia sempervirens
Before September 2006, the tallest living specimen known was the Stratosphere Giant, outside the park in Humboldt Redwoods State Park, which was 370 feet (110 m) in 2004. For many years, one specimen simply named Tall Tree in Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park and within the RNSP was measured at 367.8 feet (112.1 m), but the top 10 feet (3.0 m) of the tree was reported to have died in the 1990s.[27] One tree that fell in 1991 was reported to be 372.04 feet (113.40 m). Only the giant sequoia has more mass. The largest redwood by volume is the 42,500 cubic foot (1,205 m³) Lost Monarch, located in Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park. Mature Coast redwoods live an average of 500–700 years and a few are documented to be 2,000 years old, making them some of the longest-living organisms on earth.[23][28] They are highly resistant to disease, due to a thick protective bark and high tannin content. Redwoods prefer sheltered slopes, slightly inland and near water sources such as rivers and streams.
Redwood trees develop enormous limbs that accumulate deep organic soils and can support tree-sized trunks growing on them. This typically occurs above 150 feet (46 m). Scientists have recently discovered that plants which normally grow on the forest floor also grow in these soils, well above ground. The soil mats provide homes to invertebrates, mollusks, earthworms, and salamanders. During drought seasons, some treetops die back, but the trees do not die outright. Instead, redwoods have developed mechanisms to regrow new trunks from other limbs. These secondary trunks, called reiterations, also develop root systems in the accumulated soils at their bases. This helps transport water to the highest reaches of the trees. Coastal fog also provides up to one-third of their annual water needs.[29]
Another large tree commonly found in the forest is the coast Douglas-fir, which has been measured at heights of over 300 feet (91 m). Sitka spruce are plentiful along the coast and are better adapted to salty air than other species. The evergreen hardwood tanoak produces a nut similar to the acorns produced by the related genus Quercus (oak). Both tanoaks and oaks are members of the beech family. Trees such as the Pacific madrone, bigleaf maple, California laurel, and red alder are also widespread throughout the parks.[30]
Huckleberry, blackberry, and salmonberry are part of the forest understory and provide food for many animal species. The California rhododendron and azalea are flowering shrubs common in the park, especially in old-growth forest.[30] Plants such as the sword fern are prolific, particularly near ample water sources. In Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park, Fern Canyon is a well-known ravine 30 to 50 feet (9.1 to 15.2 m) deep, with walls completely covered in ferns.
Fauna[edit]
Northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) is a threatened species known to exist in the parks.
The ecosystems of RNSP preserve a number of rare animal species. Numerous ecosystems exist, with seacoast, river, prairie, and densely forested zones all within the park. The tidewater goby is a federally listed endangered species that live near the Pacific coastline. The bald eagle, which usually nests near a water source, is listed as a state of California endangered species. The Chinook salmon, northern spotted owl, and Steller's sea lion are a few of the other animal species that are threatened.[6][31]
Over 40 species of mammals have been documented, including the black bear, coyote, cougar, bobcat, beaver, river otter, black-tailed deer, and elk. Along the coastline, California sea lions, Steller sea lions and harbor seals live near the shore and on seastacks, rocky outcroppings forming small islands just off the coast. Dolphins and Pacific gray whales are occasionally seen offshore. Roosevelt elk are the most readily observed of the large mammals in the park. Successful herds, brought back from the verge of extinction in the region, are now a common site in park areas south of the Klamath River. Many smaller mammals live in the high forest canopy. Different species of bats, such as the big brown bat, and other smaller mammals including the red squirrel and northern flying squirrel spend most of their lives well above the forest floor.[29]
Brown pelicans and double-crested cormorants are mainly found on cliffs along the coast and on seastacks, while sandpipers and gulls inhabit the seacoast and inland areas. Inland, freshwater-dependent birds such as the common merganser, osprey, red-shouldered hawk, great blue heron, and Steller's jay are a few of the bird species that have been documented. At least 400 bird species have been documented in the forestlands.[32]
Reptiles and amphibians can also be found in the parks, with the northwestern ringneck snake, northern red-legged frog, Pacific giant salamander, and the rough-skinned newt most commonly seen.[31]
Invasive species[edit]
Currently, there are over 200 exotic species known to live in Redwood National and State Parks. Of these thirty have been identified as invasive species, ten of these are considered threats to local species and ecosystems. Exotic species currently account for about a quarter of the total flora in the parks. Only about one percent of plant growth in old-growth areas are of exotic species, while areas such as the Bald Hills prairies have a relative cover of fifty to seventy-five percent exotic.[33] The type of foreign vegetation also varies, with plants such as the English Ivy (Hedera helix), Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea maculosa), and the Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum). The spotted knapweed and poison hemlock are both under consideration for addition to a high priority watch list maintained by the park system.[34]
Geology[edit]
Coastline area
The northern coastal region of California, which includes RNSP and the adjacent offshore area, is the most seismically active in the U.S.[35] Frequent minor earthquakes in the park and offshore under the Pacific Ocean have resulted in shifting river channels, landslides, and erosion of seaside cliffs. The North American, Pacific, and Gorda Plates are tectonic plates that all meet at the Mendocino Triple Junction, only 100 miles (160 km) southwest of the parks. During the 1990s, more than nine magnitude 6.0 earthquakes occurred along this fault zone resulting in 1 death and major financial loss, and there is always potential for a major earthquake.[36] The park ensures that visitors are aware of the potential for a major earthquake through the use of pamphlets and information posted throughout the parks. The threat of a tsunami is of particular concern, and visitors to the seacoast are told to seek higher ground immediately after any significant earthquake.[35]
Both coastline and the Coast Ranges can be found within park boundaries. The majority of the rocks in the parks are part of the Franciscan Assemblage, uplifted from the ocean floor millions of years ago. These sedimentary rocks are primarily sandstone, siltstone, shale, and chert, with lesser amounts of metamorphic rocks such as greenstone. For the most part, these rocks are easily eroded, and can be viewed along the seacoast and where rivers and streams have cut small gorges. Formed during the Cretaceous Period, they are highly deformed from uplift and folding processes. In some areas, river systems have created fluvial deposits of sand, mud, and gravel, which are transported into the park from upstream. Redwood Creek follows the Grogan Fault; along the west bank of the creek, schist and other metamorphic rocks can be found, while sedimentary rocks of the Franciscan Assemblage are located on the east bank.[18]
Climate[edit]
[show]Climate data for Redwood National and State Parks (Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park; Del Norte County)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °F (°C)
75
(24) 80
(27) 81
(27) 86
(30) 91
(33) 98
(37) 89
(32) 93
(34) 95
(35) 90
(32) 78
(26) 72
(22) 98
(37)
Average high °F (°C)
53.4
(11.9) 55.0
(12.8) 56.0
(13.3) 56.9
(13.8) 60.7
(15.9) 63.4
(17.4) 65.0
(18.3) 65.1
(18.4) 65.2
(18.4) 62.6
(17) 56.6
(13.7) 52.7
(11.5) 59.4
(15.2)
Average low °F (°C)
35.8
(2.1) 36.5
(2.5) 38.1
(3.4) 39.9
(4.4) 44.0
(6.7) 47.6
(8.7) 50.4
(10.2) 50.8
(10.4) 47.4
(8.6) 42.9
(6.1) 38.8
(3.8) 35.5
(1.9) 42.3
(5.7)
Record low °F (°C)
18
(−8) 19
(−7) 24
(−4) 27
(−3) 24
(−4) 33
(1) 34
(1) 36
(2) 24
(−4) 28
(−2) 22
(−6) 16
(−9) 16
(−9)
Average precipitation inches (mm)
12.18
(309.4) 10.65
(270.5) 10.31
(261.9) 6.27
(159.3) 3.94
(100.1) 2.00
(50.8) 0.37
(9.4) 0.53
(13.5) 1.21
(30.7) 5.00
(127) 11.42
(290.1) 15.72
(399.3) 79.6
(2,021.8)
Average snowfall inches (cm)
0.4
(1) 0.4
(1) 0.1
(0.3) 0.0
(0) 0.0
(0) 0.0
(0) 0.0
(0) 0.0
(0) 0.0
(0) 0.0
(0) 0.0
(0) 0.1
(0.3) 1.1
(2.8)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)
17.6 15.7 17.1 14.0 9.0 5.3 1.9 2.0 3.8 7.7 16.3 17.4 127.8
Source #1: NOAA (normals, 1981–2010)[37]
Source #2: Western Regional Climate Center (records and snowfall 1948–2006)[38]
Fog is persistent during the summer, as seen here, and the majority of fires are during the fall.
The Redwood National and State Parks have an oceanic temperate rainforest climate, with cool-summer Mediterranean characteristics. Weather in RNSP is greatly influenced by the Pacific Ocean. Coastal temperatures generally range between 40 and 60 degrees Fahrenheit (4–15 °C) all year round, while further from the coast summers are hotter and drier, and winters are colder.[39] Redwoods mostly grow a mile or two (1.5–3 km) from the coast, and never more than 50 miles (80 km) from it. In this temperate but humid coastal zone, the trees receive moisture from both heavy winter rains and persistent summer fog. The presence and consistency of the summer fog is actually more important to overall health of the trees than heavy precipitation. This fact is born out in annual precipitation totals, which range between 25 and 122 inches (64 and 310 cm) annually, with healthy redwood forests throughout the areas of less precipitation because excessive needs for water are mitigated by the ever-present summer fog and the cooler temperatures it ensures. Snow is uncommon even on peaks above 1,500 feet (460 m), further exemplifying the mild, temperate nature of this northern latitude;[40] however, light snow mixed with rain is common during the winter months.
Fire management[edit]
Wildfires are a natural part of most terrestrial ecosystems. In many ways nature has adapted to fire, and the absence of fire can often be disadvantageous.[41] Wildfire eliminates dead and decayed plant and tree matter, enriching the soil and ensuring that healthier trees have less competition for limited nutrients. Prescribed fire is currently part of the fire management plan and helps to eliminate exotic species of plants and allows a more fertile and natural ecosystem. Fire is also used to protect prairie grasslands and to keep out forest encroachment, ensuring sufficient rangeland for elk and deer. The oak forest regions also benefit from controlled burns, as Douglas fir would otherwise eventually take over and decrease biodiversity. The use of fire in old-growth redwood zones reduces dead and decaying material, and lessens the mortality of larger redwoods by eliminating competing vegetation. In the park, a fire management plan monitors all fires, weather patterns and the fuel load (dead and decaying plant material). This fuel load is removed from areas near structures and where fire poses high risk to the public, and controlled burns are used elsewhere.[42] The National Interagency Fire Center provides additional firefighters and equipment in the event of a large fire.
Recreation[edit]
Scene along a hiking trail in Fern Canyon
The DeMartin Redwood Youth Hostel, a low-amenities shared lodging facility (near Klamath), has now closed. There are no hotels or motels within the parks boundaries. However, nearby towns such as Klamath, Requa, and Orick provide small hotels and inns, with extensive lodging options available in the regional trading centers of Crescent City on the northern end of the park and Arcata and Eureka located to the south. The park is about 260 miles (420 km) north of San Francisco, and 300 miles (480 km) south of Portland, Oregon; U.S. Route 101 passes through it from north to south. The Smith River National Recreation Area, part of the Six Rivers National Forest, is adjacent to the north end of RNSP.
While the state parks have front country campsites that can be driven to, the federal sections of the park do not, and hiking is the only way to reach back country campsites. These are at Mill Creek campground in Del Norte Coast Redwoods State Park and Jedediah Smith campground in Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park, which together have 251 campsites; the Elk Prairie campground in Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park which has 75; and the Gold Bluffs Beach campground which has 25 campsites. Other nearby state parks have additional front country camping.[43]
Back country camping is by permit only and is only allowed in designated sites, except on gravel bars along Redwood Creek. Access to the back country is highly regulated to prevent overuse while permitting as many groups as possible to explore the forest. Camping in the back country is therefore limited to five consecutive nights, and 15 nights in any one year. Proper food storage to minimize encounters with bears is strongly enforced, and hikers and backpackers are required to take out any trash they generate.[44]
Horse riders entering Redwood National Park
Almost 200 miles (320 km) of hiking trails exist in the parks, but during the rainy season some temporary footbridges are removed, as they would be destroyed by high streams. Throughout the year, trails are often wet and hikers need to be well prepared for rainy weather and consult information centers for updates on trail conditions.[44]
Horseback riding and mountain biking are popular but are only allowed on certain trails. Kayaking is popular along the seacoast and in the various rivers and streams. Kayakers and canoeists frequently travel the Smith River, which is the longest undammed river remaining in California. Fishing for salmon and steelhead, a highly prized anadromous form of rainbow trout over 16 inches (41 cm), is best in the Smith and Klamath rivers. A California sport fishing license is required to fish any of the rivers and streams.[45] Hunting is not permitted anywhere in the parks, but is allowed in nearby National Forests.
The park has three visitor centers, where guided nature walks and general information are available, along with two additional information points.[46] Each campground offers campfire talks during the summer months as well as guided tours.[43] The parks have many picnic areas, which are all easily accessed by vehicle.
See also[edit]
The following three California State Parks are the only State Parks co-managed within the RNSP system:
Del Norte Coast Redwoods State Park
Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park
Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "Listing of acreage as of December 31, 2011". Land Resource Division, National Park Service. Retrieved 2012-03-07.
Jump up ^ "NPS Annual Recreation Visits Report". National Park Service. Retrieved 2017-02-08.
Jump up ^ "National or State Park?" (PDF). Redwood National and State Parks Visitor Guide. National Park Service. June 24, 2010. Retrieved 2010-06-24. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Coy, Owen Cochran (1982). The Humboldt Bay Region 1850-1875. Humboldt County Historical Society. p. 51.
Jump up ^ "Working Together". Redwood National and State Parks. National Park Service. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Threatened/Endangered Species". National Park Service. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
Jump up ^ "U.S. World Heritage Sites". National Park Service. Archived from the original on 2008-10-13. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
Jump up ^ "U.S. Biosphere Reserves" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Indians of the Redwoods". Redwood History Basic Data. National Park Service. January 15, 2004. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
Jump up ^ Castillo, Edward (1998). "Short Overview of California Indian History". California Native American Heritage Commission. Archived from the original on 2008-10-26. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
Jump up ^ Nabokov, Peter; Robert Easton (October 25, 1990). Native American Architecture. U.S.: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-506665-4.
Jump up ^ "American Indians". Area History. National Park Service. February 5, 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
Jump up ^ "The Chilula". The Indians of the Redwoods. National Park Service. January 15, 2004. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
Jump up ^ "Logging". Area History. National Park Service. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
Jump up ^ Sheldon, William G. (1955). A History of the Boone and Crockett Club. Boone and Crockett Club. pp. 81–88.
^ Jump up to: a b Schrepfer, Susan R. (1983). The Fight to Save the Redwoods: A History of Environmental Reform, 1917-1978. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 130–185. ISBN 0-299-08850-2.
Jump up ^ "Save the Redwoods Timeline". Save the Redwoods League. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
^ Jump up to: a b "Redwood National Park (includes Del Norte Coast Redwoods State Park, Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park and Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park)" (PDF). Protected Areas and World Heritage. United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-07-13. Retrieved 2009-08-14.
Jump up ^ "California Coast Ranges". MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
Jump up ^ "From the Giant Redwoods to the Sea". Humboldt County Film Commission. Archived from the original on 2008-09-07. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
Jump up ^ "Strategic Plan for Redwood National and State Parks". National Park Service. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
Jump up ^ "Fiscal Year 2004 Annual Performance Plan". Redwoods National Park. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Frequently Asked Questions". National Park Service. August 17, 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
Jump up ^ "The Struggle For Redwood National Park". Redwood History Basic Data. National Park Service. January 15, 2004. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
Jump up ^ "About The Trees". National Park Service. October 14, 2006. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
Jump up ^ Glen, Martin (September 7, 2006). "Eureka! New tallest living thing discovered". San Francisco Chronicle.
Jump up ^ Carle, Janet. "Tracking the Tallest Tree". California State Park Rangers Association. Archived from the original on 2008-05-19. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
Jump up ^ "Comparison of Coast Redwood and Sierra Redwood". The Redwoods of Coast and Sierra. National Park Service. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
^ Jump up to: a b "Redwood National and State Parks Visitor Guide" (PDF). National Park Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-10-31. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
^ Jump up to: a b "Plants". Nature and Science. National Park Service. September 1, 2006. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
^ Jump up to: a b "Animals". National Park Service. April 17, 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
Jump up ^ Sakai, Howard. "Vertebrate Species that occur at Redwood National and State Parks". Species in Parks Flora and Fauna Databases. Information Center for the Environment/National Park Service. Archived from the original on 2005-09-20. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
Jump up ^ http://www.nps.gov/redw/naturescience/exotic-vegetation.htm
Jump up ^ http://www.nps.gov/redw/naturescience/exotic-plant-species-list.htm
^ Jump up to: a b "Geology". Natural Resources. National Park Service. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
Jump up ^ Oppenheimer, David (December 17, 2007). "Mendocino Triple Junction Offshore Northern California". A Policy for Rapid Mobilization of USGS OBS (RMOBS). U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
Jump up ^ "CA Klamath". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 27, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Klamath, California". Western Regional Climate Center. Retrieved June 27, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Weather". National Park Service. September 1, 2006. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
Jump up ^ "Park Geology". Geology Fieldnotes. National Park Service. January 1, 2005. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
Jump up ^ "Prescribed Fire". Environmental Factors. National Park Service. September 30, 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
Jump up ^ "Fire Management Plan Environmental Assessment" (PDF). Rewood National and State Parks. May 2005. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
^ Jump up to: a b "Campgrounds". National Park Service. April 24, 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
^ Jump up to: a b "Backcountry". National Park Service. September 1, 2006. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
Jump up ^ "California Sport Fishing Regulations for Smith River" (PDF). National Park Service. May 2008. Retrieved 2009-08-14.
Jump up ^ "Operating Hours & Seasons". National Park Service. Retrieved 2008-11-16.
References[edit]
National Park Service. "Redwood National and State Parks". Retrieved in 2006.
Redwood National and State Parks. "Visitor Guide" (PDF). Retrieved in 2006.
Redwood: A Guide to Redwood National and State Parks, California. Interior Dept., National Park Service, Division of Publications. 1997. ISBN 0-912627-61-1.
External links[edit]
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Redwood National Park.
Official Redwood National and State Parks website
Chronology: Establishment of the Redwood National Park by Willard E. Pratt. Forest History Society website.
Rudolf W. Becking Collection at Humboldt State University Library.
The HSU Redwoods Project
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Redwood National and State Parks.
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English Ivy

values:
/wiki/Spotted_Knapweed
mw-redirect
Spotted Knapweed

values:
/wiki/Poison_Hemlock
mw-redirect
Poison Hemlock

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/wiki/Tectonic_plates
mw-redirect
Tectonic plates

values:
/wiki/Coast_Ranges
mw-redirect
Coast Ranges

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/wiki/Warm-summer_Mediterranean_climate
mw-redirect
Warm-summer Mediterranean climate

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/wiki/Exotic_species
mw-redirect
Exotic species

values:
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external text
http://www.nps.gov/redw/faqs.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.cspra.com/wave04/tree.html

values: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

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external text
http://www.nps.gov/redw/index.htm

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http://hsuredwoodsproject.omeka.net/
external text

values: commons:Category:Redwood National and State Parks

values: Template talk:Protected areas of California

values: World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument

values: Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park

values: San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park

values: Port Chicago Naval Magazine National Memorial

values: Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area

values: Whiskeytown–Shasta–Trinity National Recreation Area

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values:
/wiki/Annadel_State_Park
mw-redirect
Annadel State Park

values: Arthur B. Ripley Desert Woodland State Park

values: McArthur–Burney Falls Memorial State Park

values:
/wiki/Sutter_Buttes_State_Park
mw-redirect
Sutter Buttes State Park

values: Washoe Meadows State Park (page does not exist)

values: Antelope Valley California Poppy Reserve

values: Armstrong Redwoods State Natural Reserve

values: Caspar Headlands State Natural Reserve (page does not exist)

values: John B. Dewitt State Natural Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Kruse Rhododendron State Natural Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Mailliard Redwoods State Natural Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Smithe Redwoods State Natural Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Tule Elk State Natural Reserve (page does not exist)

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/wiki/Albany_State_Marine_Reserve
mw-redirect
Albany State Marine Reserve

values: Big Creek State Marine Reserve and Marine Conservation Area

values: Emeryville Crescent State Marine Reserve

values: Estero de Limantour State Marine Reserve & Drakes Estero State Marine Conservation Area

values: Montara State Marine Reserve & Pillar Point State Marine Conservation Area

values: Point Sur State Marine Reserve and Marine Conservation Area

values: Russian River State Marine Reserve and Russian River State Marine Conservation Area

values: Stewarts Point State Marine Reserve & Stewarts Point State Marine Conservation Area

values: Antelope Valley Indian Museum State Historic Park

values: Chumash Painted Cave State Historic Park

values: Cowell Ranch/John Marsh State Historic Park (page does not exist)

values: Indian Grinding Rock State Historic Park

values: Leland Stanford Mansion State Historic Park

values: Marconi Conference Center State Historic Park

values: Marshall Gold Discovery State Historic Park

values: San Pasqual Battlefield State Historic Park

values: Tomo-Kahni State Historic Park (page does not exist)

values: Watts Towers of Simon Rodia State Historic Park

values: Weaverville Joss House State Historic Park

values: William B. Ide Adobe State Historic Park

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/wiki/Moonlight_State_Beach
mw-redirect
Moonlight State Beach

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/wiki/Point_Dume_State_Beach
mw-redirect
Point Dume State Beach

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/wiki/Silver_Strand_State_Beach
mw-redirect
Silver Strand State Beach

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/wiki/Sonoma_Coast_State_Beach
mw-redirect
Sonoma Coast State Beach

values: William Randolph Hearst Memorial State Beach

values: Admiral William Standley State Recreation Area

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values: George J. Hatfield State Recreation Area

values: Harry A. Merlo State Recreation Area (page does not exist)

values: Kings Beach State Recreation Area (page does not exist)

values: Lake Del Valle State Recreation Area (page does not exist)

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/wiki/Lake_Perris_State_Recreation_Area
mw-redirect
Lake Perris State Recreation Area

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values: Martial Cottle Park State Recreation Area (page does not exist)

values: Millerton Lake State Recreation Area (page does not exist)

values: Providence Mountains State Recreation Area

values: San Luis Reservoir State Recreation Area

values: Standish-Hickey State Recreation Area (page does not exist)

values: Tahoe State Recreation Area (page does not exist)

values: Carnegie State Vehicular Recreation Area

values: Clay Pit State Vehicular Recreation Area (page does not exist)

values: Heber Dunes State Vehicular Recreation Area (page does not exist)

values: Hollister Hills State Vehicular Recreation Area (page does not exist)

values: Hungry Valley State Vehicular Recreation Area (page does not exist)

values: Oceano Dunes State Vehicular Recreation Area

values: Ocotillo Wells State Vehicular Recreation Area

values: Prairie City State Vehicular Recreation Area (page does not exist)

values: California State Mining and Mineral Museum

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/wiki/Point_Cabrillo_Light_Station
mw-redirect
Point Cabrillo Light Station

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/wiki/Point_Montara_Light_Station
mw-redirect
Point Montara Light Station

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/wiki/Inyo_Mountains_Wilderness
mw-redirect
Inyo Mountains Wilderness

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values: Sanhedrin Wilderness (page does not exist)

values: San Jacinto Wilderness (page does not exist)

values: Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument

values: Boggs Mountain Demonstration State Forest

values: Ellen Pickett State Forest (page does not exist)

values: Las Posadas State Forest (page does not exist)

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/wiki/Mount_Zion_State_Forest
mw-redirect
Mount Zion State Forest

values: Mountain Home Demonstration State Forest (page does not exist)

values: Coachella Valley National Wildlife Refuge

values: Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge

values: Ellicott Slough National Wildlife Refuge

values: Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes National Wildlife Refuge

values: Hopper Mountain National Wildlife Refuge

values: Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge Complex

values: Sacramento River National Wildlife Refuge

values: San Joaquin River National Wildlife Refuge

values: Sonny Bono Salton Sea National Wildlife Refuge

values: California Department of Fish and Wildlife

values: Antelope Valley Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Ash Creek Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Bass Hill Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Battle Creek Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Big Lagoon Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Big Sandy Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Biscar Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Butte Valley Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Buttermilk Country Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Cache Creek Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Camp Cady Wilderness (page does not exist)

values: Cantara/Ney Springs Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Cedar Roughs Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Cinder Flats Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Collins Eddy Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Colusa Bypass Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Coon Hollow Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Cottonwood Creek Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Crescent City Marsh Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Crocker Meadows Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Daugherty Hill Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Decker Island Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Doyle Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Dutch Flat Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Eastlker River Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Eel River Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Elk Creek Wetlands Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Elk River Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Fay Slough Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Feather River Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Fitzhugh Creek Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Grass Lake Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Gray Lodge Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Green Creek Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Grizzly Island Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Hallelujah Junction Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Heenan Lake Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Hill Slough Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Honey Lake Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Hope Valley Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Horseshoe Ranch Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Imperial Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Indian Valley Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Kelso Peak and Old Dad Mountains Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Kinsman Flat Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Knoxville Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Laguna Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Lake Berryessa Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Lake Earl Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Lake Sonoma Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Little Panoche Reservoir Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Los Banos Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Lower Sherman Island Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Mad River Slough Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Marble Mountains Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Mendota_Wildlife_Area
mw-redirect
Mendota Wildlife Area

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values: Miner Slough Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Monache Meadows Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Morro Bay Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Mouth of Cottonwood Creek Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Napa-Sonoma Marshes Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: North Grasslands Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: O'Neill Forebay Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Oroville Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Petaluma Marsh Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Pickel Meadow Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Pine Creek Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Point Edith Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Putah Creek Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Rector Reservoir Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Red Lake Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Rhode Island Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Sacramento River Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: San Felipe Valley Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: San Jacinto Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: San Luis Obispo Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: San Luis Reservoir Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: San Pablo Bay Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Santa Rosa Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Shasta Valley Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Silver Creek Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Slinkard/Little Antelope Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Smithneck Creek Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: South Fork Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Surprise Valley Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Sutter Bypass Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Tehama Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Truckee River Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Upper Butte Basin Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Volta Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Warner Valley Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Waukell Creek Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: West Hilmar Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Westlker River Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: White Slough Wildlife Area (page does not exist)

values: Willow Creek-Lurline Wildlife Management Area

values: Albany Mudflats Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Alkali Sink Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Allensworth Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Atascadero Creek Marsh Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Baldwin Lake Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Blue Sky Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Boden Canyon Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Butler Slough Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Butte Creek Canyon Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Butte Creek House Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Buttonwillow Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: By Day Creek Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Calhoun Cut Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Carlsbad Highlands Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Carmel Bay Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Carrizo Canyon Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Carrizo Plains Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: China Point Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Clover Creek Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Coachella Valley Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Coal Canyon Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Corte Madera Marsh Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Crestridge Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Dairy Mart Ponds Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Dales Lake Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Del Mar Landing Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Elkhorn_Slough_Ecological_Reserve
mw-redirect
Elkhorn Slough Ecological Reserve

values: Estelle Mountain Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Fall River Mills Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Fish Slough Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Fremont Valley Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Goleta Slough Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Indian Joe Spring Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Kaweah Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Kerman Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: King Clone Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Laguna Laurel Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Loch Lomond Vernal Pool Ecological Reserve

values: Lokern Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Magnesia Spring Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Marin Islands Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Mattole River Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: McGinty Mountain Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Morro Dunes Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Morro Rock Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Napa River Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Oasis Spring Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Panoche Hills Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Peytonia Slough Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Piute Creek Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Pleasant Valley Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Rancho Jamul Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Redwood Shores Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: River Springs Lakes Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Saline Valley Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: San Dieguito Lagoon Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: San Joaquin River Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Springville Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Stone Corral Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Sycamore Canyon Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Sycuan Peak Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Thomes Creek Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Tomales Bay Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Watsonville Slough Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: West Mojave Desert Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Woodbridge Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Yaudanchi Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Abalone Cove State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: Albany Mudflats State Marine Park (page does not exist)

values: Anacapa State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: Anacapa State Marine Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Año Nuevo State Marine Conservation Area

values: Atascadero Beach State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: Batiquitos Lagoon State Marine Conservation Area

values: Big Creek State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: Big Creek State Marine Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Big Sycamore Canyon State Marine Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Bodega State Marine Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Bolsa Chica Basin State Marine Conservation Area

values: Cardiff and San Elijo State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: Carmel Bay State Marine Conservation Area

values: Carrington Point State Marine Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Catalina Marine Science Center State Marine Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Corte Madera Marsh State Marine Park (page does not exist)

values: Crystal Cove State Marine Conservation Area

values: Dana Point State Marine Conservation Area

values: Del Mar Landing State Marine Park (page does not exist)

values: Doheny State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: Doheny State Marine Park (page does not exist)

values: Duxbury Reef State Marine Conservation Area

values: Edward F. Ricketts State Marine Conservation Area

values: Elkhorn Slough State Marine Conservation Area

values: Encinitas State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: Estero de Limantour State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: Fagan Marsh State Marine Park (page does not exist)

values: Farallon Islands State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: Farnsworth Bank State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: Fort Ross State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: Goleta Slough State Marine Park (page does not exist)

values: Greyhound Rock State Marine Conservation Area

values: Gull Island State Marine Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Harris Point State Marine Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Heisler Park State Marine Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Hopkins State Marine Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Irvine Coast State Marine Park (page does not exist)

values: James V. Fitzgerald State Marine Park (page does not exist)

values: Judith Rock State Marine Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Julia Pfeiffer Burns State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: La Jolla State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: Lovers Cove (Catalina Island) State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: MacKerricher State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: Manchester and Arena Rock State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: Marin Islands State Marine Park (page does not exist)

values: Mia J. Tegner State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: Morro Bay State Marine Recreational Management Area (page does not exist)

values: Morro Bay State Marine Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Morro Beach State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: Niguel State Marine Park (page does not exist)

values: Pacific Grove Marine Gardens State Marine Conservation Area

values: Painted Cave State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: Peytonia Slough State Marine Park (page does not exist)

values: Piedras Blancas State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: Piedras Blancas State Marine Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Pismo State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: Pismo-Oceano Beach State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: Point Buchon State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: Point Buchon State Marine Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Point Cabrillo State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: Point Fermin State Marine Park (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Point_Lobos_State_Marine_Reserve
mw-redirect
Point Lobos State Marine Reserve

values: Point Reyes Headlands State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: Point Sur State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: Point Sur State Marine Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Portuguese Ledge State Marine Conservation Area

values: Punta Gorda State Marine Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Redwood Shores State Marine Park (page does not exist)

values: Refugio State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: Richardson Rock State Marine Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Robert E. Badham State Marine Park (page does not exist)

values: Robert W. Crown State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: Russian Gulch State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: Salt Point State Marine Conservation Area

values: San Diego-Scripps State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: San Dieguito Lagoon State Marine Park (page does not exist)

values: San Elijo Lagoon State Marine Conservation Area

values: Santa Barbara Island State Marine Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Scorpion State Marine Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Skunk Point State Marine Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Sonoma Coast State Marine Conservation Area

values: Soquel Canyon State Marine Conservation Area

values: South Laguna Beach State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: South Point State Marine Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Tomales Bay State Marine Park (page does not exist)

values: Upper Newport Bay State Marine Conservation Area

values: Van Damme State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: White Rock (Cambria) State Marine Conservation Area

values: Berryessa Snow Mountain National Monument

values:
/wiki/Carrizo_Plain_National_Monument
mw-redirect
Carrizo Plain National Monument

values: California Desert Conservation Area (page does not exist)

values: Argus Range Wilderness (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Big_Maria_Mountains_Wilderness
mw-redirect
Big Maria Mountains Wilderness

values: Bighorn Mountain Wilderness (page does not exist)

values: Black Mountain Wilderness (page does not exist)

values: Bristol Mountains Wilderness (page does not exist)

values: Cadiz Dunes Wilderness (page does not exist)

values: Carrizo Gorge Wilderness (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Chemehuevi_Mountains_Wilderness
mw-redirect
Chemehuevi Mountains Wilderness

values:
/wiki/Chuckwalla_Mountains_Wilderness
mw-redirect
Chuckwalla Mountains Wilderness

values: Coso Range Wilderness (page does not exist)

values: Coyote Mountains Wilderness (California) (page does not exist)

values: Dead Mountains Wilderness (page does not exist)

values: Funeral Mountains Wilderness (page does not exist)

values: Golden Valley Wilderness (page does not exist)

values: Grass Valley Wilderness (page does not exist)

values: Hollow Hills Wilderness (page does not exist)

values: Jacumba Wilderness (page does not exist)

values: Kelso Dunes Wilderness (page does not exist)

values: Kingston Range Wilderness (page does not exist)

values: Little Chuckwalla Mountains Wilderness (page does not exist)

values: Machesna Mountain Wilderness (page does not exist)

values: Matilija Wilderness (page does not exist)

values: Malpais Mesa Wilderness (page does not exist)

values: Manly Peak Wilderness (page does not exist)

values: Mecca Hills Wilderness (page does not exist)

values: Mesquite Wilderness (page does not exist)

values: Newberry Mountains Wilderness (page does not exist)

values: Nopah Range Wilderness (page does not exist)

values: North Mesquite Mountains Wilderness (page does not exist)

values: Orocopia Mountains Wilderness (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Pahrump_Valley_Wilderness
mw-redirect
Pahrump Valley Wilderness

values: Palen/McCoy Wilderness (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Palo_Verde_Mountains_Wilderness
mw-redirect
Palo Verde Mountains Wilderness

values: Picacho Peak Wilderness (page does not exist)

values: Piute Mountains Wilderness (page does not exist)

values: Resting Spring Range Wilderness (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Riverside_Mountains_Wilderness
mw-redirect
Riverside Mountains Wilderness

values: Rodman Mountains Wilderness (page does not exist)

values: Saddle Peak Hills Wilderness (page does not exist)

values: Santa Lucia Wilderness (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Sheephole_Valley_Wilderness
mw-redirect
Sheephole Valley Wilderness

values: South Nopah Range Wilderness (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Stepladder_Mountains_Wilderness
mw-redirect
Stepladder Mountains Wilderness

values: Surprise Canyon Wilderness (page does not exist)

values: Trilobite Wilderness (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Turtle_Mountains_Wilderness
mw-redirect
Turtle Mountains Wilderness

values: Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary

values: Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary

values: Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve

values: San Francisco Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve

values: Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve

values:
/wiki/A%C3%B1o_Nuevo_Island_Reserve
mw-redirect
Año Nuevo Island Reserve

values: Box Springs Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Philip L. Boyd Deep Canyon Desert Research Center

values: Carpinteria Salt Marsh Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Chickering American River Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Coal Oil Point Natural Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Dawson Los Monos Canyon Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Eagle Lake Field Station (page does not exist)

values: Elliott Chaparral Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Emerson Oaks Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Fort Ord Natural Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Hastings Natural History Reservation (page does not exist)

values: Jenny Pygmy Forest Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Jepson Prairie Reserve (page does not exist)

values: San Joaquin Freshwater Marsh Reserve (page does not exist)

values: Steele Burnand Anza-Borrego Desert Research Center (page does not exist)

values: Stunt Ranch Santa Monica Mountains Reserve

values: Sweeney Granite Mountains Desert Research Center

values: Valentine Eastern Sierra Reserve (page does not exist)

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values: Template:National parks of the United States

values: Template talk:National parks of the United States

values: List of national parks of the United States

values: Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park

values: Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve

values: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve

values: Wrangell–St. Elias National Park and Preserve

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values: List of U.S. National Parks by elevation

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values: Category:Redwood National and State Parks

values: Category:Parks in Del Norte County, California

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values: حدائق ريدوود الوطنية والحكومية – Arabic

values: Нацыянальны парк Рэдвуд – Belarusian

values: Редуд (национален парк) – Bulgarian

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values: پارک‌های ملی و ایالتی ردوود – Persian

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values: 레드우드 국립공원 – Korean

values: Ռեդվուդ (ազգային պարկ) – Armenian

values: מערכת הפארקים רדווד – Hebrew

values: რედვუდის ეროვნული პარკი – Georgian

values: Редвуд (ұлттық парк) – Kazakh

values: Redvudo nacionalinis parkas – Lithuanian

values: റെഡ്‌വുഡ് ദേശീയോദ്യാനം – Malayalam

values: レッドウッド国立公園 – Japanese

values: Редвуд (национальный парк) – Russian

values: อุทยานแห่งชาติและอุทยานแห่งรัฐเรดวุด – Thai

values: Redwood Ulusal ve Eyalet Parkı – Turkish

values: Редвуд (національний парк) – Ukrainian

values: Vườn quốc gia và bang Redwood – Vietnamese

values: Parke Nasodnon ngan Estadohanon Redwood – Waray

values: 紅木國家公園 – Chinese

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