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Dog the Bounty Hunter
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Dog the Bounty Hunter
Genre
Reality
Starring
Duane "Dog" Chapman
Beth Chapman
Leland Chapman
Lachlan Bowe
Justin Bihag
Duane Lee Chapman Jr.
Lyssa Chapman
Theme music composer
Ozzy Osbourne
Opening theme
"Dog the Bounty Hunter"
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
8
No. of episodes
246
Production
Executive producer(s)
Daniel Elias
David Houts
David McKillop
Neil A. Cohen
Camera setup
Multiple
Running time
21 minutes
(Seasons 1–5; 7–8)
42 minutes
(Season 6)
Production company(s)
Hybrid Films
Distributor
A+E Networks
Trifecta Entertainment & Media
Release
Original network
A&E
Picture format
480i (SDTV) (2004-2010)
720p (HDTV) (2010-2012)
Original release
August 31, 2004 (2004-08-31) – June 23, 2012 (2012-06-23)
Chronology
Related shows
Dog and Beth: On the Hunt
External links
Website
www.aetv.com/dog-the-bounty-hunter
Duane "Dog" Chapman
Dog the Bounty Hunter is an American reality television series which aired on A&E and chronicled Duane "Dog" Chapman's experiences as a bounty hunter. With a few exceptions, the series took place in Hawaii or Dog's home state of Colorado.
On May 21, 2012, A&E canceled the series after eight seasons.[1] The series began airing in syndication on September 16, 2013.[2] Dog and Beth then starred in another series, Dog and Beth: On the Hunt on CMT, before that series ended in August 2015.
Contents
[hide]
1 Cast
1.1 The Chapman family
1.2 Supporting cast
2 Production
2.1 Season 4 hiatus
2.2 Season 6 shooting
2.3 Lawsuit and sons quit
2.4 Music
3 Series overview
4 DVD releases
5 Books
6 Parodies
7 References
8 External links
Cast[edit]
The Chapman family[edit]
Duane "Dog" Chapman
Beth Chapman, Dog's wife
Leland Chapman, Dog's son
Tim Chapman, Dog's "brother" not related
"Baby" Lyssa Rae Chapman, Dog's daughter (seasons 2–8)
Duane Lee Chapman Jr., Dog's son (season 2–8)
Cecily Barmore-Chapman, Beth's daughter
Justin Bihag (seasons 1–6), Dog's "nephew" not related
Garry Chapman, Beth's son
Bonnie Chapman, Beth's daughter
Supporting cast[edit]
Sonny, bounty hunter
Wesley, office manager
Moon, Beth's best friend, Justin's mother
Richie, bounty hunter
Kaleo, bounty Hunter
Production[edit]
The program spun off from Chapman's appearance on the show Take This Job, a program about people with unusual occupations.[1] Dog the Bounty Hunter captured an audience immediately by drawing viewers into the interaction of Chapman and his family/team, mixing street smarts, romance, arguments, teamwork, adrenaline-laced arrests and a philosophy of hope and second chances.[1]
Viewers are taken along as Chapman and his family/team locate and arrest people who have broken the terms of their bail agreements. Bounty hunts and arrests segue into the rides to jail, during which Chapman and his team show compassion and strongly counsel the fugitives to start over, leaving behind drugs and/or crime to become dependable members of their families and society. Rounding out most episodes are scenes featuring Dog, Beth and their large family of children, grandchildren and friends.
As the show progressed, viewers were taken further behind the scenes during Baby Lyssa's training as a licensed bail bondswoman and bounty hunter; Dog's capture of Andrew Luster and the ensuing arrests of Chapman, Tim and Leland in Mexico; the deaths of Beth's father (Garry Smith) and Dog's oldest daughter (Barbara Katie Chapman); Chapman and Beth's 2006 wedding; Baby Lyssa's wedding and the birth of her second child; and the shock and fear of the family after Dog, Tim and Leland were arrested by federal marshals in Hawaii to await possible extradition to Mexico.
Chapman and Beth freely invited viewers into their lives, sharing personal stories about Chapman's 1976 imprisonment; his ex-wives and custody battles; While Chapman was serving his sentence, his first wife LaFonda filed for divorce, and married his best friend. Chapman did field work for the prison, in addition to serving as the warden’s barber. When an inmate was attempting to escape, Chapman tackled him, which prevented the escapee from being shot at by guards. This, in addition to Chapman’s overall good behavior, led to him being paroled after only 18 months. Inspired by his tackle, Chapman decided to pursue becoming a bounty hunter once released.[3] Dog was seen in 2016 making an appearance with his wife using a cane, which is surprising for the active bounty hunter we saw for so many years.[4]
Season 4 hiatus[edit]
Production and airing of the show was halted by A&E on November 2, 2007, after an audio tape was released, featuring Duane Chapman using the word "nigger" repeatedly in a discussion about the word itself with son Tucker regarding Tucker's black girlfriend's probable sensitivity to the word. Tucker had sold the tape to the National Enquirer, and it quickly was picked up by numerous print and broadcast media outlets. This media exposure led Duane to make an apology on CNN's Larry King Live for his lack of sensitivity on the matter, and vowed to educate himself and make amends. On February 19, 2008, A&E announced that the show would return.[5] Reruns of Dog the Bounty Hunter, along with never-before-seen episodes from season 4, began airing on June 25, 2008, and the show continued, along with special episodes about the arrest and fallout from the Luster situation.
Season 6 shooting[edit]
On April 21, 2009, during filming of Season 6, Chapman was allegedly shot at with a handgun while his crew, along with bail bondsman Bobby Brown, were attempting to arrest a fugitive named Hoang Nguyen in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The suspect escaped on a motorcycle and was captured by Chapman about six hours later. This is contrary to evidence shown in the A&E airing of the episode titled "Easy Rider", on December 16, 2009. According to Chapman's website and TMZ, Nguyen was arrested and charged with attempted murder related to the shooting attempt of Chapman and the Chapman family. On May 15, 2009, the El Paso County, Colorado Assistant District attorney dropped the attempted murder charge against the alleged shooter due to lack of evidence and conflicting statements by Chapman, his son Leland, and bail bondsman Bobby Brown. The prosecutors also state that they have not received the requested video footage from the incident, which was allegedly filmed by the television crew.[citation needed] In March 2011, Nguyen filed a lawsuit against Chapman, Brown, and Chapman's sons Duane Chapman II and Leland Chapman. In the lawsuit, Nguyen claims he lost his job as a result of the incident and had to relocate. He also says he was injured by pepper pellets that were allegedly fired at him. Chapman's attorney, James A. Quadra, told Celebrity Crime Reporter the lawsuit has no basis "in law or fact".[6] The lawsuit was in mediation the first week of March 2011 with a trial date on November 28, 2011.[7]
Lawsuit and sons quit[edit]
In 2011, Leland and Duane Lee quit working with their father and stepmother and severed ties with their family.[8] The March 21, 2012 episode showed Duane Lee telling Beth "You want me fired, you gotta fire me," and then Leland weighed in, saying "I quit too."[9] In January 2012, the two brothers confirmed leaving the show.[9] Leland now operates his own bail bond company on the Big Island of Hawaii and heads Bounty Hunter Tactical Supply Co.[10] while Duane Lee moved to Florida.[10] Beth tweeted, "It will take 6 weeks to get through the whole thing tonight's jus [sic] the beginning."[9]
In September 2011 Bobby Brown, who appeared in 30 episodes, sued A&E Television Networks, Hybrid Films, and D&D Television Productions in Colorado federal court, claiming he was promised to be a full cast member, but received only $6,000 for his contributions.[11] The lawsuit is for "the misappropriation of his publicity rights as well as claims of breach of contract and promises.[11]
Music[edit]
Heavy metal artist Ozzy Osbourne sings the show's theme song, "Dog the Bounty Hunter". The song can be heard on Osbourne's Prince of Darkness box set. Many episodes feature at least one song from a band that is either unsigned or with an independent label, usually played during an action scene. These songs are plugged at the end of each episode, following the closing credits. Several episodes in season three and four have music from New York City-based dub reggae group Subatomic Sound System's On All Frequencies album. Featured songs include: "Criminal", "Doin' It", and "Ghetto Champion". Soulja Boy's music video for "Yahhh!" includes an impersonation of "Dog Woof Woof"
Series overview[edit]
The following summarizes the original broadcast presentation:
Season No.
No. of Episodes
Start Date
End Date
1[12] 17 August 31, 2004 (2004-08-31) January 25, 2005 (2005-01-25)
2[13] 23 April 5, 2005 (2005-04-05) January 31, 2006 (2006-01-31)
3[14] 27 March 21, 2006 (2006-03-21) November 28, 2006 (2006-11-28)
4[15] 20 April 10, 2007 (2007-04-10) October 29, 2008 (2008-10-29)
5 38 February 4, 2009 (2009-02-04) September 9, 2009 (2009-09-09)
6[16] 24 December 2, 2009 (2009-12-02) August 11, 2010 (2010-08-11)
7[17] 21 October 6, 2010 (2010-10-06) April 6, 2011 (2011-04-06)
8[18] 23 January 4, 2012 (2012-01-04) June 23, 2012 (2012-06-23)
All the hour-long episodes were split into two parts for broadcast syndication. Full episodes are shown on streaming sites and DVD.
DVD releases[edit]
Note that not all episodes have been released on DVD.
DVD name
No.
Release date
Additional information
The Best of Season 1 7 January 25, 2005 Features Dog's episode of Take This Job, cast biographies and promos
The Best of Season 2 7 March 29, 2006 Features cast biographies and a pop-up dog hunting quiz
The Wedding Special 1 December 12, 2006 Features 5 featurettes titled:
The Drama of Dog's Wedding Ring
Dance Lessons
Shopping with Beth
The Bow Wow Vow
A Tribute to Dog & Beth
The Best of Season 3 8 February 27, 2007 Features a photo gallery
The Arrest 1 September 25, 2007
Features additional scenes.
Also Features The Special Double Episode Year of the Dog
The Best of Season 4 8 August 26, 2008
To Seize and Protect (The Best of Season 5) 8 September 8, 2009
Crime is on the Run (The Best of Season 6) 8 July 27, 2010
The Wild Ride Megaset 48 January 11, 2011 8-disc collection of previous releases: The Best of Seasons 1-6, The Wedding Special and The Arrest
This Family Means Business (The Best of Season 7, Part 1) 6 June 28, 2011
Christmas Has Gone to the Dog 2 October 18, 2011 Contains two Christmas-themed episodes, one from Season 3 and the other from Season 6
Taking It to the Streets (The Best of Season 7, Part 2) 4 June 12, 2012
Books[edit]
The television series led to a 2007 autobiographical book, You Can Run But You Can't Hide, which chronicles Chapman's years before becoming a bounty hunter and some of his more infamous hunts, including the controversial hunt that took him and his team to Mexico to capture serial rapist Andrew Luster. It also delves into his criminal past as well as his family background, imprisonment in Texas, marriages and children.[19][20] A second book, Where Mercy Is Shown, Mercy Is Given, was published in 2009. Its title reflects Chapman's overriding philosophy of second chances, which he writes about at length as he asks the public for a second chance of his own. The book largely deals with the fallout from two factors: the federal marshals' arrest and the scandal over his use of the word "nigger".
Parodies[edit]
Chapman has been parodied in live action productions:
In Season 3, Episode 13 of Boston Legal, "Dumping Bella", Chapman is referred to by Alan as one of the only two people he truly admires and as such the only candidate besides Shirley herself to be his costume for the party.
In Season 3, Episode 9 of 30 Rock Jenna says "Now Dog the Bounty Hunter is the second grossest guy I've been with."
In Season 2, Episode 4 of The Eric Andre Show A lookalike of Dog is featured in the episode with an impersonator or George Clooney.
Chapman has also been parodied in both animation and print:
In the American Dad! episode "Joint Custody", Roger dresses up as Chapman and tries to hunt down Jeff Fischer.
In the Family Guy episode "Something, Something, Something, Dark Side", Stewie calls a bounty hunter meeting and Chapman is briefly seen.
Chapman and the TV show were both parodied on Cartoon Network's television program, Mad, as "Frog the Bounty Hunter".[episode needed]
In the 2006 season South Park episode "Miss Teacher Bangs a Boy", Eric Cartman dressed up as Chapman and had a TV show filmed of himself, Beth and Chapman's familiar crew after he was made a school hall monitor.
In the Nickelodeon TV series The Mighty B!, Bessie's dog Happy dressed up as Chapman and tried to find the person who pulled the fire alarm at the Bee scouts' troophouse.
The song "Dog Catchers" on Insane Clown Posse's The Mighty Death Pop! is a diss to Dog the Bounty Hunter.
The series was parodied in the June 2007 issue of Mad magazine as Dud The Lousy Hunter.
In the Squidbillies episode "Fatal Distraction", Early Cuyler acquires a GPS system for his truck, which he attempts to use to hunt down Osama bin Laden. Cuyler briefly dresses as Chapman to pursue bin Laden before "calling it a night" and going to a strip club.
There's also an obvious parody to the "Dog" character in the Simpsons episode named "Sex, Pies and Idiot Scrapes" where a character named "Wolf, the Bounty Hunter" is hired by Lucky Jim to hunt down Gil Gunderson.
Dog and his show were referred to in a 2015 episode of Last Week Tonight with John Oliver which was satirically critical of the American bail system.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Goldberg, Lesley (May 21, 2012). "A&E Cancels 'Dog the Bounty Hunter'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved November 27, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Deluxe Syndication page for Dog the Bounty Hunter" (Press release). Rohrs Media Group. Archived from the original on November 27, 2013. Retrieved November 27, 2013.
Jump up ^ Sennhauser, Morgan (2016-04-28). "What Happened to Dog the Bounty Hunter - 2017 Updates - The Gazette Review". The Gazette Review. Retrieved 2017-09-14.
Jump up ^ "Duane 'The Dog' Chapman walks with a stick as he makes rare public appearance". The Sun. 2016-10-17. Retrieved 2017-09-14.
Jump up ^ "Bounty Hunter "Dog" to return to the air". Reuters. February 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Dog the Bounty Hunter's Attorney on Lawsuit: "The Chapmans Acted Properly"". Celebrity Crime Reporter. March 4, 2011.
Jump up ^ Stanley, Deb (March 2, 2011). "Lawsuit Against 'Dog' The Bounty Hunter Goes To Mediation". KMGH-TV. Retrieved May 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ Larkin, Chloe (January 29, 2012). "'Dog the Bounty Hunter'- his sons sever ties jeopardizing next season?". Gather.com. Archived from the original on April 10, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c "'Dog The Bounty Hunter': Did Leland And Duane Lee Quit The Business, Or Were They Fired?". Huffington Post. March 22, 2012. Retrieved March 24, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Duane Lee Chapman, Leland Chapman, Leave Dog the Bounty Hunter". LALate.com. March 21, 2012. Archived from the original on March 24, 2012. Retrieved March 24, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Goldberg, Lesley (September 19, 2011). "'Dog the Bounty Hunter,' A&E Sued by Bail Bondsman". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved March 24, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Development Update: September 1-7". The Futon Critic. September 7, 2004. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "2005 Summer Programming Preview: Unscripted Series". The Futon Critic. May 27, 2005. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Development Update: December 15-16". The Futon Critic. December 16, 2005. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Dog the Bounty Hunter Returns to A&E for Season 4 of the Hit Real-Life Series". The Futon Critic. April 2, 2007. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "A&E's Hit Real-Life Original Series "Dog the Bounty Hunter" Returns for a Brand New Season". The Futon Critic. November 24, 2009. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "A&E's Hit Real-Life Original Series "Dog the Bounty Hunter" Returns for a Brand New Season". The Futon Critic. September 16, 2010. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Dog the Bounty Hunter Season 8 Premiere Reveals Familiar Faces". LALATE. January 3, 2012. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Duane "Dog" Chapman Book On SALE!". Dog The Bounty Hunter Book. Retrieved May 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ Hank, Melissa (July 10, 2004). "Dog: The Bounty Hunter, unleashed". TV Guide. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. Retrieved May 27, 2007.
External links[edit]
Official website
Dog the Bounty Hunter on IMDb
Dog the Bounty Hunter at TV.com
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The Story of an African Farm
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The Story of an African Farm
First edition cover
Author
Olive Schreiner (Ralph Iron)
Country
Cape Colony
Language
English
Genre
Bildungsroman, philosophical fiction
Set in
Karoo, mid-late 19th century
Publisher
Chapman & Hall
Publication date
1883
Pages
644, in two volumes
OCLC
471800625
Dewey Decimal
823.8
Text
The Story of an African Farm at Wikisource
The Story of an African Farm (published in 1883 under the pseudonym Ralph Iron) was South African author Olive Schreiner's first published novel. It was an immediate success and has become recognised as one of the first feminist novels.[1][2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot introduction
1.1 Structure
2 Plot summary
2.1 Childhood
2.2 Times and Seasons
2.3 Adulthood
3 Characters
3.1 Waldo
3.2 Lyndall
3.3 Em
3.4 Otto
3.5 Tant Sannie
3.6 Bonaparte Blenkins
3.7 Gregory Rose
3.8 Servants
4 Adaptation
5 References
6 External links
Plot introduction[edit]
The novel details the lives of three characters, first as children and then as adults – Waldo, Em and Lyndall – who live on a farm in the Karoo region of South Africa. The story is set in the middle- to late-19th century – the First Boer War is alluded to, but not mentioned by name. The book is semi-autobiographical: in particular, the two principal protagonists (Waldo and Lyndall) display strong similarities to Schreiner's life and philosophy.
The book was first published in 1883 in London, under the pseudonym Ralph Iron. It quickly became a best-seller, despite causing some controversy over its frank portrayal of freethought, feminism, premarital sex and pregnancy out of wedlock, and transvestitism.
Structure[edit]
As there is only minimal narrative in the novel (and what there is only serves to support the book's many themes), it is a difficult book to summarise. In addition, much of the story is revealed as a series of vignettes – often devoid of context, or (deliberately) out of sequence. The author also frequently interjects into the narrative to address the reader directly. In general, the book may roughly be divided into three sections:
The first section introduces us to the characters as children living on a farm in the Karoo, and reveals their innermost thoughts and feelings.
The second section is entitled "Times and Seasons" and largely summarises what has gone before, and alludes to incidents still to come. It deals primarily with Waldo's journey from Christian fanaticism to despairing atheism. This section is almost completely devoid of chronological context, although much of the philosophy presented is echoed in both the first and the third sections of the book. The second section makes almost exclusive use of the first person plural pronoun ("we", "us" etc.). The use of the plural underscores the fact that Schreiner saw Waldo as something of an alter ego.
The third section covers the lives of the three main characters as adults. Again, the focus is on Waldo and Lyndall, both of whom leave the farm and travel to different parts of South Africa, Waldo to the Natal area, and Grahamstown, and Lyndall to Bloemfontein and then to the Transvaal.
Plot summary[edit]
Childhood[edit]
The first section of the book deals with the lives of protagonists as children and teenagers. It reveals some of the events that proved formative in the life of the children.
Waldo is initially presented as a deeply devout Christian, a philosophy he appears to have inherited from his widower father Otto, the kindly German farm-keeper. As the narrative progresses, Waldo becomes increasingly disillusioned with his faith, a crisis brought on by a series of traumatic events, as well as his growing interest in wider philosophical works.
Lyndall has no such qualms. Apparently a freethinker, she seems uninterested in religion as a whole. Instead, her focus is more on the status of women in the late 19th century. A seeker after knowledge and autonomy, she is frustrated by the limited choices offered to her as a woman. Lyndall is a sceptic by nature, a strong-willed and independent child who does not hesitate to disobey even her adult supervisors whenever she deems them unworthy of respect.
Em, the stepdaughter of Tant (Aunt) Sannie and cousin to Lyndall is presented as a cheerful, friendly but somewhat ignorant child. Em serves as a character foil to Waldo and Lyndall; she is content to believe whatever she is told by the adults in her life. Em often becomes the scapegoat for Lyndall's rebellion.
The Englishman Bonaparte Blenkins is an inveterate liar and confidence trickster. He arrives at the farm spinning a tale of woe, presenting himself as a successful businessman who has fallen on hard times. Tant Sannie reluctantly agrees to allow Bonaparte to remain on the farm, under the care of Otto. Bonaparte welcomes the opportunity – he is, after all, only interested in winning the heart of Tant Sannie, and thereby her farm.
Bonaparte's cruelty towards the children borders on sadism. He is especially hard on Waldo whom he seems to despise. Bonaparte's actions towards Waldo provide a number of the events that lead to his crisis of faith. On the other hand, Bonaparte appears to be unsure of Lyndall, and even somewhat cowed. When Lyndall directly confronts Bonaparte regarding one of his many lies, he punishes Em in Lyndall's place. Bonaparte continues in his attempts to woo Tant Sannie, until her younger, richer niece Trana comes to visit. Tant Sannie eventually catches Bonaparte attempting to court Trana and ejects him from the farm.
Otto, the German farm-keeper and Waldo's father, is a deeply religious person. He is unceasing in his efforts to convert the native farm workers, much to their amusement. Otto is gregarious, compassionate and friendly, unwilling to think ill of anyone. He even defends Bonaparte on more than one occasion. Bonaparte repays him by contriving to have Tant Sannie terminate Otto's employment as the farm-keeper. Bonaparte succeeds, but Otto succumbs to a heart attack and dies before leaving the farm.
Times and Seasons[edit]
Although technically the first chapter of Part II of the book, "Times and Seasons", differs in style and narrative from those that surround it. This section deals with Waldo – his name appears just once in the chapter – in the first sentence.
"Times and Seasons" follows the journey of faith from infancy through adulthood. Although ostensibly revolving around Waldo, the frequent use of plural pronouns may indicate that the author is including herself in Waldo's journey, making this section the most personal of the book.
The first year, infancy, is marked by an innominate thirst for something to worship and a wonder at the beauty of nature. This is followed by the beginnings of a coalescence of dogma – Angels – but the wonder at the beauty of nature remains and indeed appears to increase.
The next section is marked by a specific age – seven years old. The Bible has become the primary focus, and it is read avidly. New concepts are found in its pages. These are brought to the attention of adults, who appear uninterested. At the same time, the beginnings of doubt begin to creep in. Questions are answered in a diffident manner, and the answers reluctantly accepted.
Two years pass, and in that time the natural world recedes, to be replaced by a bittersweet relationship with God and the Bible. The concept of Hell looms ever larger; doubt in the form of the Devil assails the child. He asks difficult questions – and the superficial answers of the supposedly wise adults no longer suffice. And yet at the same time, a sense of ineffable peace, the feeling of sins forgiven is felt. But this feeling does not endure – before long, the Devil again appears with snide questions and the threat of Hell and Damnation looms again. And so the cycle continues – alternating doubt and serenity.
There is no indication of how much time has passed, but the next section finds the child apparently at ease with a Universalist concept of God. There is no threat of wrath, no Hell, no Damnation. The "Mighty Heart" loves all its children, regardless. The old, questioning Devil has been silenced.
The dream cannot continue – reality rudely awakens the dreamer. He sees the World as it really is, unjust, evil – no evidence of a supernal, all-consuming love. As a consequence, the one-time believer becomes the Atheist. An allusion is made here to the grave of a loved one – whether this refers to Otto or Lyndall (or both) is not clear. The Realist now goes through life uncaring, finding some measure of peace in manual labour and the Sciences. The wonder and beauty of Nature again reasserts itself, greatly increased. The rationalist becomes enamoured with the natural world, taking delight in its many mysteries and revelations. In a sense, the old worship of musty religion is replaced by a new and vital worship of nature in all its intricacy. With this worship comes the realisation that all is interconnected, and the section ends with Waldo beginning to live again, at ease with his new world and his place in it.
Adulthood[edit]
The third section of the book (technically the second chapter of Part II) opens with Waldo on the farm, making a wood-carving. Contextual clues place the time somewhere after the end of Chapter 1 ("Times and Seasons"), when Waldo has entered his rational-universalist phase and appears to be content. Em (who is said to be sixteen years old) visits Waldo with tea and cakes, and announces that the new farm-keeper has arrived, an Englishman (the book later reveals) by the name of Gregory Rose. Sometime after she leaves, a stranger on horseback appears and converses with Waldo. After inquiring about the nature and meaning of Waldo's carving, the stranger relates the Hunter's Allegory.
The Hunter's Allegory is somewhat similar to "Times and Seasons" in theme, tracing the journey from blind superstition to the painful search for Truth, this time using the literary device of Allegory. Once done with his tale, the stranger leaves after handing Waldo an unnamed book of Philosophy.
This is followed by a recounting of a letter which the new Farm-Keeper, Gregory Rose writes to his sister. From the contents of the letter, Rose is revealed as something of an arrogant misogynist, believing himself destined for higher things than farming, but denied his calling by circumstances beyond himself. Gregory also reveals that he has fallen in love with Em, and intends to marry her.
Upon taking the letter to the farm, Gregory proposes and Em, after some misgivings, accepts. Em also reveals that Lyndall will be returning from Finishing School in six months time, and is eager to introduce Gregory to her cousin.
The following chapter picks up with Lyndall having returned from boarding-school. Em shares her news, but is surprised to discover that Lyndall seems unmoved, even pitying. A little later, Lyndall accompanies Waldo as he performs his chores about the farm. It is here that Schreiner inserts something of a Feminist Manifesto – she discourses at length upon her experiences at school, and rails at the limited status that Society expects of her as a Woman. Waldo is her foil – he asks trenchant questions of her which lead to still further expositions. With some irony, Lyndall ends her diatribe with the observation that Waldo is the only person with whom she can converse – others simply bore her.
With Tant Sannie engaged to yet another husband, a Boer-wedding is planned. Gregory takes some time off to write another letter, in which he apparently denigrates Lyndall and her independent ways. From the tone of the letter, however, it is clear that Gregory somehow finds Lyndall fascinating.
At the Wedding, Gregory contrives excuses to be near Lyndall, she acknowledges him, but appears diffident. It is evident that Gregory is now deeply infatuated with Lyndall. For her part, when Lyndall finds herself in need of company, she seeks out Waldo and again converses with him beneath the stars. However, when Gregory offers to take her back to the farm, she unexpectedly accepts his invitation. Waldo drives Em home, where, we are told, she sits in the dark.
Some time passes, and Waldo has decided to leave the farm to find work. Em says her goodbyes, and then seeks out Gregory. She finds him at his usual occupation: with Lyndall, pretending to read a newspaper. Lyndall hardly acknowledges him. Once Lyndall leaves, Em tells Gregory that she wants to end their engagement. Gregory half-heartedly attempts to change her mind, but quickly agrees. He leaves Em, whistling to himself.
It is Lyndall's turn to bid farewell to Waldo. She tells him that she will never forget him, and muses upon what they may have become when they are reunited. Waldo leaves the farm; Lyndall watches him go until he is out of sight.
The next vignette finds Gregory Rose wandering the farm. It is clear that he is trying to find Lyndall, but is taking great pains to appear nonchalant. Having located Lyndall, he attempts to strike up a conversation, akin to the discourses that Lyndall and Waldo would share. Lyndall answers him, but it is clear that she is subtly mocking Gregory. After enduring no small amount of verbal abuse, Gregory confesses that he loves Lyndall, and would like nothing more than to serve only her, expecting nothing in return. Lyndall agrees to marry him, if he promises to remember his vow – he is to serve her completely, with no expectations of anything in return. From Gregory, Lyndall wants only his name – nothing else. The once-proud Gregory Rose has been shattered against the force of Lyndall's will.
The following chapter reveals some of Lyndall's motivations. A stranger has come to the farm – Lyndall suggests that he be put up in Otto's old cabin for the night. The man is, in fact, Lyndall's lover, who has come in answer to a letter that she sent to him stating that she intends to marry Gregory Rose. She refuses the offer of marriage from her lover because, she explains, she does not consider him to be a fool, as she does Gregory. She fears losing herself if she were to marry the stronger man, whereas a marriage to Gregory Rose would leave her autonomy intact. It is here that the author hints that some other matter may be pressing—it is explicit in later parts of the story: Lyndall is pregnant.
Lyndall then offers her paramour an alternative – she will leave the farm in his company, that very night, on the condition that he releases her whenever she asks. They plan to go to the Transvaal.
Lyndall returns to her room to gather her belongings. On the way there, she stops at Otto's grave to bid him farewell. It is here that she reveals that she is tired and lonely – aching for something to love. After much weeping, she returns to her room and prepares to leave the farm forever.
Time passes: Gregory is performing chores about the farm. He is a broken man – meekly accepting whatever menial work Em assigns to him. While cleaning out the loft, he comes across a chest of women's clothing. He surreptitiously tries on one of the dresses and a kapje (hooded bonnet). He appears to reach some sort of decision. Gregory descends from the loft, finds Em and tells her that he can no longer live on the farm – everything reminds him of Lyndall. He states that will search for her, whatever it may take. Gregory is under no illusions. He is fully aware that Lyndall would more than likely throw him aside should he find her. He wants only to see her again; to stand where she once stood. Gregory leaves the farm.
Seven months later, Em is startled when Waldo returns without warning one windy night, some eighteen months after he had left. While Em prepares a meal for Waldo, he begins to write a letter to Lyndall. He tells of his experiences and changes that he has undergone in his travels. Waldo continues to write throughout the night, until Em awakes and stops him. Em explains that Waldo cannot write any longer: Lyndall is dead.
Some time later, Gregory returns to the farm, alone. He relates his tale to Em.
At first, the search was without difficulty, from Bloemfontein and North to the Transvaal, from farm to farm he traced the path left by Lyndall and her lover. Eventually, however, the trail runs cold – it has not occurred to Gregory that Lyndall and her stranger may have parted ways. Unwilling to give up, Gregory travels from hotel to hotel, always without success. Nearing the end of his options, he finds himself at yet another unnamed hotel. He overhears a conversation between the landlady and a Mozambiquian nurse. The Nurse must leave – her husband wants her back home. The landlady frets that "the lady" is still unwell. While watching the half-closed door of the patient, Gregory catches a glimpse of Doss – Waldo's dog which he bequeathed to Lyndall. Asking the landlady for more information, Gregory is told that a young, delicate lady arrived at the hotel six months earlier. A few days after her arrival, she gave birth, but the infant died less than two hours later. The Mother, herself extremely weak, sat near the grave in the cold rain for hours. When she retired to her bed, the hotel doctor declared that she would never again rise from it.
Gregory hatches a plan. Fetching his belongings, he changes into a dress and a kapje. He shaves himself. Later that day, he returns to the hotel, hoping that the landlady will not recognise him. She does not. Gregory tells her that he is a nurse looking for work. The landlady leads him into the room where he finds Lyndall and Doss. Lyndall agrees that Gregory will be her new nurse. She is very weak.
While Gregory watches over Lyndall, she grows weaker by the day. Although she makes a few half-hearted attempts to eat, or read or leave her bedroom, she never quite manages to shake off the pain that plagues her.
Eventually, Gregory and Lyndall agree to return to the farm. Gregory makes the arrangements, although he knows that Lyndall will not survive the journey. His fears are realised: a few days into the journey, Lyndall wakes one night to find that the fog has lifted from her mind. She sees clearly for the first time. She knows what is about to happen to her. There, under the stars with her eyes fixed on her reflection in a hand-mirror, Lyndall dies.
The news devastates Waldo. Throughout the following night, he searches desperately for some philosophy, some tenet of some religion that will assure him that he and Lyndall will one day be reunited. He can find none – none but the cold, unsatisfying realisation that both he and Lyndall will one day be absorbed into the great universal whole from which they sprang. With this he must be content.
The final vignette takes place at some unspecified point after Gregory's return. Tant Sannie is visiting the farm with her new husband and baby. She relates that she almost caught hold of Bonaparte while attending Church, but the shyster slipped from her fingers. Gregory sits outside, absorbed in his own pain. In a leather bag hung around his neck, he carries the only letter that Lyndall ever wrote to him, just four words: "You must marry Em." After Tant Sannie leaves, Em visits Waldo – he is in his old cabin, building a table for Em. She tells him that she and Gregory are to be married. She leaves Waldo to his work.
Waldo packs away his tools for the day, and goes outside to sit in the sunshine. He carries one of Lyndall's old dancing-slippers in his breast pocket. He appears to be content, once again aware of the wide plains that surround him, and the warmth of the sun on his hands. Em finds him there, hat drawn low, apparently asleep. She leaves a glass of milk for him, thinking that he will be glad to find it when he awakes. But Waldo will not wake again.
Characters[edit]
Waldo[edit]
Waldo is the son of the German farm-keeper, Otto Farber (see below). He is presented (initially) as intensely earnest, curious and deeply spiritual.
Lyndall[edit]
Lyndall is the orphaned niece of Tant Sannie (see below). Her late father was English, while Tant Sannie is Dutch. Lyndall is used to a life of hardship – made all the more difficult by her stubborn and rebellious personality. She is a precocious child, wise beyond her years, but still internally conflicted. Waldo is her best friend and confidante. She grows up to be a feminist after her studies. She dies giving birth and in the care of Gregory.
Em[edit]
Em is Lyndall's cousin – the stepdaughter of Tant Sannie, her English father having also died early in her childhood. Unlike her Step-Mother, Em is fluent in English as well as Dutch.
Otto[edit]
Otto Farber is the German farm-keeper. He is presented as a kind, unselfish and caring person.
Tant Sannie[edit]
Tant Sannie, often called "the Boer-woman," is the owner of the farm (having inherited the land from one of her late husbands). Tant is an Afrikaans honorific, literally meaning "aunt".
Bonaparte Blenkins[edit]
Bonaparte Blenkins is introduced in the first section of the book. He is something of a caricature – an inveterate liar, sadistic, a con-man and a hypocrite. He makes use of his affected piety to have Otto ejected from the farm, while he attempts to woo Tant Sannie into marriage (and thereby gain control of the farm). He ultimately fails in his endeavour, his true nature exposed, and is driven from the farm by a furious Tant Sannie. He is never heard from again, except for a brief encounter near the end of the book.
Gregory Rose[edit]
Gregory Rose, an Englishman, is hired to take over the duties of farm-keeper after the death of Otto.
Servants[edit]
Several African servants work for the farmers, including a "Hottentot maid" and several "Kaffers".
Adaptation[edit]
The novel was made into a film in 2004, directed by David Lister.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/schreiner/diniejko.html
Jump up ^ Barends, Heidi. "Olive Schreiner's The Story of an African Farm: Lyndall as transnational and transracial Feminist." English Academy Review 32, no. 2 (2015): 101-114.
External links[edit]
The Story of an African Farm at Project Gutenberg
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Story_of_an_African_Farm&oldid=832666485"
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