text:
State fair
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For other uses, see State Fair (disambiguation).
A state fair is an annual competitive and recreational gathering of a U.S. state's population, usually held in late summer or early fall. It is a larger version of a county fair, often including only exhibits or competitors that have won in their categories at the more-local county fairs.
State fairs began in the nineteenth century for the purpose of promoting state agriculture, through competitive exhibitions of livestock and display of farm products. As the U.S. evolved from a predominantly agrarian to an industrial society in the twentieth century, and the more service economy of the 21st century, modern state fairs have expanded to include carnival amusement rides and games, display of industrial products, automobile racing, and entertainment such as musical concerts. Large fairs can admit more than a million visitors over the course of a week or two. The first U.S. state fair was that of New York, held in 1841 in Syracuse, and has been held annually to the present year.[1] The second state fair was in Detroit, Michigan, which ran from 1849[2] to 2009.[3][4]
Events similar to state fairs are also held annually in each state capital in Australia, known as royal shows. Australian royal shows are organized by state agricultural and horticultural societies, and are described further in the agricultural show article.
Contents
[hide]
1 List of state fairs
1.1 United States
2 Provincial exhibitions in Canada
3 Awards
4 Attendance
5 See also
6 References
List of state fairs[edit]
United States[edit]
The 2009 Tanana Valley State Fair in Fairbanks, Alaska
State or Region
Fair Name
Location
Attendance (year)
Attendance as % of State Pop.!
!a !a !a -9999
!a !a !a 10000000000
Alabama Alabama State Fair Pelham
Alabama Alabama National Fair Montgomery
Alaska Kenai Peninsula State Fair Ninilchik 7,300 (2013) [1] .99%
Alaska Southeast Alaska State Fair Haines
Alaska Tanana Valley State Fair Fairbanks 12.49%
Alaska Alaska State Fair Palmer 299,698 (2015) [2] 40.68%
Arizona Arizona State Fair Phoenix 1,102,044 (2015) [3] 16.37%
Arizona Navajo Nation Fair Window Rock 100,000 (2016) [4] 57.58% (of Navajo Nation)
Arkansas Arkansas State Fair Little Rock 473,106 (2015) [5] 15.95%
California California State Fair Sacramento 673,237 (2016) [6] 1.7%
California L.A. County Fair Pomona, California 1,300,000 (2016) [7] 3.35%
Colorado Colorado State Fair Pueblo 466,576 (2016) [8] 8.71%
Delaware Delaware State Fair Harrington 262,587 (2016) [9] 28.07%
District of Columbia DC State Fair Washington
Florida Florida State Fair Tampa 395,435 (2016) [10] 1.99%
Georgia Georgia State Fair Hampton
Georgia Georgia National Fair Perry, Georgia 535,000 (2016) [11] 5.30%
Georgia North Georgia State Fair Marietta 320,000 (2016) [12] 3.17%
Hawaii Hawaii 50th State Fair Aiea
Idaho Eastern Idaho State Fair Blackfoot 229,992 (2015) [13] 14.08%
Idaho Western Idaho Fair Boise 243,474 (2016) [14] 14.90%
Idaho North Idaho Fair[15] Coeur d'Alene 84,600 (2015) [16] 5.18%
Illinois DuQuoin State Fair Du Quoin
Illinois Illinois State Fair Springfield 411,547 (2015) [17] 3.20%
Indiana Indiana State Fair Indianapolis 730,000 (2016) [18] 11.07%
Iowa Iowa State Fair Des Moines 1,130,071 (2017) [19] 36.05%
Kansas Kansas State Fair Hutchinson 359,808 (2016) [20] 12.39%
Kentucky Kentucky State Fair Louisville 564,937 (2016) [21] 12.80%
Louisiana Cajun Heartland State Fair Lafayette
Louisiana Greater Baton Rouge State Fair Baton Rouge
Louisiana State Fair of Louisiana Shreveport 455,000 (2014) [22] 9.78%
Maine Bangor State Fair Bangor
Maine Skowhegan State Fair Skowhegan
Maine Fryeburg Fair Fryeburg 166,838 (2016) [23] 12.54%
Maryland Maryland State Fair Timonium 407,000 (2013) [24] 6.81%
Michigan Great Lakes State Fair Novi Closed in 2009
Michigan Third Bank Michigan State Fair Novi, Michigan 92,000 (2014) [25] .93%
Michigan Upper Peninsula State Fair Escanaba 80,000 (2013) [26] .81%
Minnesota Minnesota State Fair Falcon Heights 1,997,320 (2017) [5] 35.62%
Mississippi Mississippi State Fair Jackson 733,151 (2016) [27] 24.49%
Missouri Missouri State Fair Sedalia 366,218 (2013) [28] 6.04%
Montana Montana State Fair Great Falls 54,938 (2015) [29] 5.37%
Montana MontanaFair Billings, Montana 226,333 (2016) [30] 22.10%
Nebraska Nebraska State Fair Grand Island 379,108 (2017)[6] 19.88%
Nevada Nevada State Fair Reno Closed
Nevada The Nevada Fair Carson City, Nevada 22,000 (2015) [31] .77%
New England[a] The Big E West Springfield, Massachusetts 1,418,042 (2016) [32] 9.6%[b]
New Hampshire Hopkinton State Fair Contoocook
New Jersey New Jersey State Fair Augusta 420,000 (2013) [33] 4.70%
New Mexico New Mexico State Fair Albuquerque 497,000 (2016) [34] 23.83%
New Mexico Southern New Mexico State Fair Las Cruces
New Mexico Northern Navajo Nation Fair Shiprock
New York Great New York State Fair Syracuse 1,117,630 (2016) [35] 5.6%
North Carolina North Carolina State Fair Raleigh 1,028,364 (2016) [36] 10.34%
North Carolina Dixie Classic Fair Winston Salem 357,416 (2011) 3.7%
North Carolina North Carolina Mountain State Fair Fletcher 187,819 (2007) [37] 1.89%
North Dakota North Dakota State Fair Minot 293,123 (2016) [38] 39.64%
Ohio Ohio State Fair Columbus 921,000 (2016) [39] 7.95%
Oklahoma Oklahoma State Fair Oklahoma City 900,000 (2012) [40] 23.21%
Oklahoma Tulsa State Fair Tulsa 1,206,000 (2016 estimate) [41] 31.10%
Oregon Oregon State Fair Salem 295,000 (2016 estimate) [42] 7.43%
Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Farm Show Harrisburg 500,000 (approx) (2008) [43] 3.91%
Pennsylvania Allentown Fair Allentown 500,000 (approx) (2014) [44] 3.91%
Pennsylvania Butler Fair Prospect 240,000 (approx) (2011) [45] 1.88%
Pennsylvania Bloomsburg Fair Bloomsburg 364,037 (2015) [46] 2.85%
Pennsylvania The Reading Fair Reading 40,000 (2016) [47] 0.3%
Pennsylvania York Fair York 555,252 (2016) [48] 4.34%
Rhode Island Washington County Fair Richmond around 100,000 [49] 9.48%
South Carolina South Carolina State Fair Columbia 464,878 (2016) [50] 9.62%
South Dakota South Dakota State Fair Huron 211,371 (2016) [51] 24.77%
Tennessee Tennessee State Fair Nashville 115,000 (2015) [52] 1.76%
Tennessee Delta Fair Memphis about 200,000 (2016) [53] 3.05%
Tennessee Tennessee Valley Fair Knoxville 180,000 (approx) [54] 2.75%
Texas South Texas State Fair Beaumont 175,000 (2014) [55] .65%
Texas State Fair of Texas Dallas 2,408,032 (2016) [56] 8.93%
Texas East Texas State Fair[7] Tyler about 250,000 (estimate from 2016) [57] .93%
Texas North Texas State Fair Denton 140,000 (2009)[58] .52%
Utah Utah State Fair Salt Lake City around 300,000 (2014) [59] 10.19%
Vermont Vermont State Fair Rutland 61,604 (2010) [60] 9.83%
Virginia State Fair of Virginia Caroline County 238,000 (2014) [61] 2.86%
Washington Central Washington State Fair Yakima 312,191 (2016) [62] 4.42%
Washington Evergreen State Fair Monroe 342,631 (2016) [63] 4.85%
Washington Northwest Washington Fair Lynden 189,154 (2015) [64] 2.68%
Washington Washington State Fair Puyallup 1,117,323 (2012) [65] 15.82%
West Virginia State Fair of West Virginia Fairlea 155,000-160,000 (2016) [66] 8.65%
Wisconsin Wisconsin State Fair West Allis 1,015,815 (2016) [67] 17.64%
Wisconsin Central Wisconsin State Fair Marshfield 85,000 (2015) [68] 1.48%
Wisconsin Northern Wisconsin State Fair Chippewa Falls 90,000 (2016) [69] 1.56%
Wyoming Wyoming State Fair Douglas about 50,000 (2012 estimate) [70] 8.56%
Notes
Jump up ^ The Eastern States Exposition, popularly known as The Big E, is a combined state fair for all six New England states. Each state has its own dedicated area during the fair.
Jump up ^ Percentage based on combined population for all New England states.
Provincial exhibitions in Canada[edit]
A few annual exhibitions in the summer in Canada are similar to state fairs in the United States:
Province
Fair Name
Location
Attendance (year)
!a !a !a -9999
!a !a !a 10000000000
Alberta Calgary Stampede Calgary 1,133,050 (2013)[8]
Alberta K-Days Edmonton 740,339 (2012)[9]
British Columbia Pacific National Exhibition Vancouver 712,049 (2013)[10]
Ontario Canadian National Exhibition Toronto 1,360,000 (2013)[11]
Ontario Ottawa SuperEX Ottawa 422,095 (2009)[12]
Ontario Royal Agricultural Winter Fair Toronto
Manitoba Red River Exhibition Winnipeg 175,971 (2013)[13]
Manitoba Royal Manitoba Winter Fair Brandon 114,000 (2012)[14]
Saskatchewan Canadian Western Agribition Regina 122,300 (2013)[15]
Awards[edit]
State and county fairs are famous for a variety of competitions that award ribbons. Awards are generally given according to the following scale:[citation needed][4]
First place – blue ribbon
Second place – red ribbon
Third place – white ribbon
Fourth place – yellow ribbon
Fifth place – green ribbon
Sixth place – orange ribbon
Seventh place-purple ribbon
Eighth place-brown ribbon
Attendance[edit]
The largest attendance at a state fair in the USA is in Texas attracting an estimated 2,000,000 people annually. The largest average per day attendance is at the Minnesota State Fair averaging just under 200,000 people per day.
See also[edit]
Agricultural show
County fair
Rodeo
Trade fair
World's fair
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.syracuseuniversitypress.syr.edu/encyclopedia/entries/new-york-state-fair.html
Jump up ^ Michigan.gov Archived November 25, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Granholm cuts State Fair from budget Archived November 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b It's official: State Fair a goner Archived November 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ http://www.mnstatefair.org/general_info/attendance.html
Jump up ^ Rollin, Kelli (5 September 2017). "State Fair 2017 attendance nears all-time record". The Grand Island Independent. BH Media Group, Inc. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Waterson, James and Seymour, Rachel Anne. Pulling Up Stakes: East Texas State Fair Says Goodbye Until Next Year. Tyler Morning Telegraph, October 4th, 2010, p. 1A, 6A
Jump up ^ Franklin, Michael (July 15, 2013). "Stampede 101 surpasses one million mark". CTV News. Retrieved July 29, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Capital EX attendance up, but doesn't eclipse K-Days". Edmonton Sun. Canoe Sun Media. 30 July 2012. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "2013 PNE attendance falls short of goal". CTV British Columbia. Bell Media. 3 September 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
Jump up ^ Tedder, Sean (24 October 2013). "CNE attendance down slightly but weather to blame". The Toronto Star. Toronto Star Newspapers Ltd. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "SuperEx attendance higher than last year". ctvottawa.ca. Bell Media. 31 August 2009. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "Weather rains on Red River Ex's parade; attendance down this year". Winnipeg Free Press. 24 June 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "Province Renews Support For Royal Manitoba Winter Fair". Government of Manitoba. 28 March 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
Jump up ^ McDonald, Alyssa (12 April 2013). "Canadian Western Agribition continues to grow". Free Daily News Group Inc. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=State_fair&oldid=807293317"
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What's It Gonna Be (Beyoncé song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"What's It Gonna Be"
Song by Beyoncé
from the album Dangerously in Love
Released
July 29, 2003 (2003-07-29)
Format
Digital download
Genre
R&B
funk
Length
3:35
Label
Columbia
Sony Urban
Songwriter(s)
Beyoncé Knowles
LaShaun Owens
Karrim Mack
Corte Ellis
Larry Troutman
Roger Troutman
Kandice Love
Producer(s)
Beyoncé Knowles
Soul Diggaz
"What's It Gonna Be" is a song by American recording artist Beyoncé. It was written by Beyoncé, Kandice Love, and Soul Diggaz production team members LaShaun Owens, Karrim Mack, and Corte Ellis for her debut studio album, Dangerously in Love (2003), while production on the track was overseen by Beyoncé and Soul Diggaz. A funk and soul song, "What's It Gonna Be" samples from "Do It Roger" (1981), written and performed by Roger Troutman along with his brother Larry.
The song was not included on the final track listing of the album but appears as a bonus track on the Japanese edition of Dangerously in Love. It also appeared on the additional audio disc of her live album Live at Wembley, which was released in 2004.[1] "What's It Gonna Be" was released to US iTunes Store as a digital single on July 29, 2003, through Columbia Records. Website Allmusic praised the composition, writing that it "rips honeyed harmonies over a funky beat."[2]
Formats and track listings[edit]
Digital download[3]
"What's It Gonna Be" – 3:35
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Live at Wembley". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved November 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Live at Wembley - Beyoncé". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved December 29, 2011.
Jump up ^ "What's It Gonna Be - Single". iTunes (US). Retrieved 2015-12-29.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Book: Dangerously in Love
[hide]
v
t
e
Beyoncé songs
Discography
Dangerously in Love
"Crazy in Love"
"Naughty Girl"
"Baby Boy"
"Me, Myself and I"
"The Closer I Get to You"
"Dangerously in Love 2"
"Daddy"
Live at Wembley
"What's It Gonna Be"
"Wishing on a Star"
B'Day
"Déjà Vu"
"Get Me Bodied"
"Suga Mama"
"Upgrade U"
"Ring the Alarm"
"Kitty Kat"
"Freakum Dress"
"Green Light"
"Irreplaceable"
"Resentment"
"Check on It"
"Beautiful Liar/Bello Embustero"
"Welcome to Hollywood"
"Flaws and All"
"Still in Love (Kissing You)"
"Listen"
"Amor Gitano"
I Am... Sasha Fierce
"If I Were a Boy"
"Halo"
"Broken-Hearted Girl"
"Ave Maria"
"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)"
"Radio"
"Diva"
"Sweet Dreams"
"Video Phone"
"Ego"
"Honesty"
"Why Don't You Love Me"
"Poison"
4
"1+1"
"I Care"
"I Miss You"
"Best Thing I Never Had"
"Party"
"Rather Die Young"
"Start Over"
"Love On Top"
"Countdown"
"End of Time"
"I Was Here"
"Run the World (Girls)"
"Lay Up Under Me"
"Schoolin' Life"
"Dance for You"
Beyoncé
"Pretty Hurts"
"Haunted"
"Drunk in Love"
"Blow"
"No Angel"
"Partition"
"Jealous"
"Rocket"
"Mine"
"XO"
"Flawless"
"Superpower"
"Heaven"
"7/11"
"Ring Off"
Lemonade
"Pray You Catch Me"
"Hold Up"
"Don't Hurt Yourself"
"Sorry"
"6 Inch"
"Daddy Lessons"
"Love Drought"
"Sandcastles"
"Forward"
"Freedom"
"All Night"
"Formation"
As featured artist
"'03 Bonnie & Clyde"
"Feeling Myself"
"Fighting Temptation"
"Hollywood"
"Hymn for the Weekend"
"I Got That"
"Just Stand Up!"
"Lift Off"
"Love a Woman"
"Love in This Club Part II"
"Mi Gente"
"Part II (On the Run)"
"Put It in a Love Song"
"Runnin' (Lose It All)"
"Say Yes"
"See Me Now"
"Shining"
"Telephone"
"Until the End of Time"
"Walk on Water"
"What More Can I Give"
"Top Off"
Other songs
"A Woman Like Me"
"All I Could Do Was Cry"
"At Last"
"Back to Black"
"Crazy in Love (Remix)"
"Die with You"
"Fever"
"God Bless the USA"
"I'd Rather Go Blind"
"In da Club (Sexy Lil Thug)"
"One Night Only"
"Perfect Duet"
"Summertime"
"Work It Out"
Book
Category
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=What%27s_It_Gonna_Be_(Beyoncé_song)&oldid=796763154"
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Beyoncé songs
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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text:
macOS Sierra
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
macOS 10.12 Sierra
A version of the macOS operating system
macOS Sierra desktop
Developer
Apple Inc.
OS family
Macintosh
Unix[1]
Source model
Closed, with open-source components
Initial release
September 20, 2016; 14 months ago (2016-09-20)
Latest release
10.12.6 (16G1114)[2] / December 6, 2017; 9 days ago (2017-12-06)
Update method
Mac App Store
Platforms
x86-64
Kernel type
Hybrid (XNU)
License
APSL and Apple EULA and Non-Disclosure Agreement
Preceded by
OS X 10.11 El Capitan
Succeeded by
macOS 10.13 High Sierra
Official website
macOS - Apple at the Wayback Machine (archived August 30, 2017)
Support status
Security updates and printer drivers only. Extended support to end in 2019, and iTunes support ends in 2020.
macOS Sierra (version 10.12)[3] is the thirteenth major release of macOS (previously OS X), Apple Inc.'s desktop and server operating system for Macintosh computers. The successor to OS X El Capitan, it was the first version of the operating system issued under the June 2016 rebranding as macOS. Sierra is named after California's Sierra Nevada mountain range.[4] Its major new features concern Continuity, iCloud, and windowing, as well as support for Apple Pay and Siri.
The first beta of macOS Sierra was released to developers shortly following the 2016 WWDC keynote on June 13, 2016. The first public-beta release followed on July 7, 2016. It was released to end users on September 20, 2016, as a free upgrade through the Mac App Store.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 System requirements
2 Changes
2.1 System features
2.1.1 Siri
2.1.2 iCloud Drive and Optimized Storage
2.1.3 Auto Unlock and Universal Clipboard
2.1.4 Tabs and Picture-in-Picture
2.1.5 Apple File System
2.1.6 Night Shift
2.2 Application features
2.2.1 Photos
2.2.2 Safari and Apple Pay
2.2.3 Messages
2.2.4 iTunes
2.2.5 Notes
2.2.6 Other changes
2.3 Security improvements
2.3.1 Gatekeeper
2.3.2 Directory permissions and sudo
2.4 Removed functionality
2.5 Reinstallation
3 Reception
4 Releases
5 References
6 External links
System requirements[edit]
macOS Sierra requires at least 2 GB of RAM and 8 GB of storage space and will run on:[6]
iMac: Late 2009 or newer
MacBook and MacBook Retina: Late 2009 or newer
MacBook Pro: Mid 2010 or newer
MacBook Air: Late 2010 or newer
Mac Mini: Mid 2010 or newer
Mac Pro: Mid 2010 or newer
Sierra is the first version of macOS since OS X Mountain Lion, released in 2012, that does not run on all computers that the previous version supported.[7] Developers have created workarounds to install macOS Sierra on some Mac computers that are no longer officially supported.[8]
Changes[edit]
The default desktop picture is an image of Lone Pine Peak.
System features[edit]
Siri[edit]
A demonstration of Siri on macOS Sierra Beta.
The user can access the Siri intelligent assistant via the Dock, the menu bar or a keyboard shortcut and results are shown in a window in the upper-right corner.[9] Siri can send messages, search the web, find files and adjust settings. Results can be dropped into other applications or pinned to Notification Center.[9] For instance, pictures from search results can be dragged into a document.
iCloud Drive and Optimized Storage[edit]
This image shows what the Optimized Storage suggestions are.
iCloud Drive can upload the user's documents and desktop directories and sync them to other devices. The System Information application has a new section that gives the user detailed information about space usage per application or file and provides tools and suggestions for freeing up space. For instance, the user can let the system upload old files to iCloud Drive and remove their local copies, keeping them available on-demand in Finder. It can also remove old files from trash automatically. iTunes can delete watched, purchased films and TV programs from its library.[10][11]
Auto Unlock and Universal Clipboard[edit]
Building upon Continuity, an "umbrella term [for] features that facilitate the communication between [Apple devices]" using Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, Sierra adds two features.[10] With Auto Unlock, the user can unlock their user account by holding a paired Apple Watch close to the device. Time of flight is used to prevent relay attacks. Auto Unlock requires a Mac that was introduced in 2013 or later. With Universal Clipboard, the user can share the clipboard for cut, copy and paste between macOS Sierra and iOS 10 devices, including text and rich content, such as pictures or videos.
Tabs and Picture-in-Picture[edit]
Applications that support multiple windows can support multiple tabs within a single window, allowing the user to keep windows organized similarly to Safari. With Picture-in-Picture, videos can be played in a floating window that follows the user across the system.[clarification needed]
Apple File System[edit]
Apple released a preview of a new file system, called Apple File System (APFS), to overcome the limitations of HFS Plus. It is intended for solid-state drives and flash memory and will adopt several features found in modern file systems, such as snapshots and cloning, as well as native support for features that Apple already provides in HFS Plus through supplementary software, such as file-system encryption and TRIM support. The file system is experimental and a release is coming in macOS High Sierra. Apple plans to document and publish the APFS volume format.[12][13]
Night Shift[edit]
See also: Night Shift (software)
Night Shift is new in macOS 10.12.4, with the same functionality as its iOS counterpart. Night Shift reduces blue light at night to aid sleep. This can be scheduled in the System Preferences app (in the Displays menu) and can be toggled on or off in the Notification Center or using Siri.[14]
Application features[edit]
Photos[edit]
Apple says it has improved the face recognition of the Photos application, adding object and scene recognition. It groups similar pictures together using faces, locations and object recognition to create "memories". Memories contain picture slideshows with transitions and music selected by the algorithm, which can be modified to the user's liking. The "People" album organizes photos by the people in them, and Places shows all photos on a world map.
Safari and Apple Pay[edit]
Safari provides an "extension point" which enables developers to bundle Safari extensions within their Cocoa applications and communicate with them directly from the applications.[15] Safari conceals the presence of installed "legacy" plug-ins – such as Adobe Flash Player, Java applets, Microsoft Silverlight and QuickTime – from websites and requires the user to enable a specific plug-in on a per-use or per-website basis.[10]
Apple Pay allows vendors to embed an Apple Pay button on their websites. In Safari, users can click the Apple Pay button to check out, then complete a purchase using an iPhone or Apple Watch. Apple Pay requires a Mac that supports Continuity (2012 or later models) and either an iPhone 6 or later with iOS 10, or an Apple Watch with watchOS 3.
Messages[edit]
The Messages app adds aesthetic effects to messages, such as three times bigger emojis and click back with hearts or thumbs-up on a message bubble.[16] The ability to play YouTube videos and preview links in a conversation was introduced.[17] Users can view interactive content added to iMessage in iOS 10. The app also allows you to turn on or off read receipts on a conversation by conversation basis.[18][19]
iTunes[edit]
Apple Music within iTunes has been redesigned, making it simpler to find favorite songs and discover new ones. A new "For You" tab has been added, which suggests new music the user might like (similar to the existing Genius).[citation needed] A refined MiniPlayer with the ability to view lyrics while listening has also been introduced.[20]
Notes[edit]
The Notes app allows the user to share and collaborate on notes. This is done by clicking on a share button at the top of the window.[20]
Other changes[edit]
Disk Utility regains the ability to format and manage RAID sets, after it was removed in El Capitan.[10][21]
Finder has an option to show folders always at the top of the view hierarchy, for instance in list views.[10]
Mail adds a control to the top of email lists to quickly filter them, for instance, by read status or the presence of attachments.[10]
Security improvements[edit]
Gatekeeper[edit]
macOS Sierra slightly changes the Gatekeeper user interface and adds two new mechanisms. A new default in System Preferences hides the "Anywhere" option which allows the user to disable the mechanism and execute programs from any source without needing to approve each new one individually.
The first new mechanism allows developers to code-sign disk images that can be verified as a unit by the system. This allows developers to guarantee the integrity of external files that are distributed alongside the application bundle on the same disk image. An attacker could infect these external files with malicious code and with them exploit a vulnerability in the application, without having to break the signature of the application bundle itself. By signing the disk image, the developer can prevent tampering and force an attacker to repackage the files onto a new disk image, requiring a valid developer certificate to pass Gatekeeper without a warning.[22]
The second new mechanism is "path randomization", which executes application bundles from a random, hidden path and prevents them from accessing external files relative to their location. To avoid this, the developer has to distribute the application bundle and its external files on a signed disk image or in a signed installer package. The user can avoid this mechanism by moving the application bundle without its external files to a new location.[22]
Directory permissions and sudo[edit]
The Unix permissions for writing to the /Volumes directory are now restricted to root and no longer "world-writable".[23] Apple expanded System Integrity Protection to /Library/Application Support/com.apple.TCC,[24] a directory that contains a list of applications that are allowed to "control the computer", and restricts write access to programs which were signed with an Apple "private entitlement". The file-hosting service Dropbox has been criticized for manipulating the directory to add their Dropbox application to the list, rather than asking the user to do it for them explicitly in System Preferences.[25]
The sudo command-line utility with which a user can execute a command as another user, typically as root, is configured with the "tty_tickets" flag by default, restricting the session timeout to the terminal session (such as a window or tab) in which the user authenticated the program.[26]
Removed functionality[edit]
Sierra removes support for garbage collection from the Objective-C runtime,[27] a memory-management system that was added in Mac OS X Leopard (version 10.5) and declared deprecated in favor of Automatic Reference Counting in OS X Mountain Lion (version 10.8). [28][29] Applications that have been compiled with garbage collection will no longer run.
Apple removed native support for the VPN protocol PPTP and made recommendations for alternatives that it considers more secure.[30]
The "time remaining" estimate has been removed in the 10.12.2 update after complaints of the battery life of 2016 MacBook Pros.[31][32][33]
The Game Center app has been removed.[20] However, the service still exists.
Reinstallation[edit]
Following the download of macOS Sierra (10.12) from the Mac App Store, the installer does not show under a users' "Purchased" tab in the Mac App Store app. Users can still re-download the Sierra installer by visiting the macOS Sierra page on the Mac App Store.[34]
Reception[edit]
macOS Sierra has received generally positive reviews. Users and critics have praised its functionality, including the addition of Siri and support for Apple Pay in Safari.[35] Macworld gave it 4.5 stars out of 5.[36] Engadget gave it a rating of 87 out of 100 praising the new features such as Siri integration, Universal Clipboard, and Apple Pay while criticizing the unreliability of Auto Unlock, that "Siri isn't always smart enough" and some of the Messages features are only available on iOS 10.[37] Developers of apps that rely on the PDFKit library built into macOS have complained that radical changes to PDFKit introduced in Sierra are causing instability and potential data corruption.[38]
Releases[edit]
Previous release Current release Beta
Version
Build
Release date
Darwin
Notes
Standalone download
10.12
16A323 September 20, 2016 16.0.0 Original Mac App Store release N/A
10.12.1
16B2555 October 24, 2016 16.1.0 About the macOS Sierra 10.12.1 Update macOS Sierra 10.12.1 Update
16B2657 October 27, 2016
10.12.2
16C67 December 13, 2016 16.3.0 About the macOS Sierra 10.12.2 Update macOS Sierra 10.12.2 Update
macOS Sierra 10.12.2 Combo Update
16C68 December 14, 2016
10.12.3
16D32 January 23, 2017 16.4.0 About the macOS Sierra 10.12.3 Update macOS Sierra 10.12.3 Update
macOS Sierra 10.12.3 Combo Update
10.12.4
16E195 March 27, 2017 16.5.0 About the macOS Sierra 10.12.4 Update macOS Sierra 10.12.4 Update
macOS Sierra 10.12.4 Combo Update
10.12.5
16F73 May 15, 2017 16.6.0 About the macOS Sierra 10.12.5 Update macOS Sierra 10.12.5 Update
macOS Sierra 10.12.5 Combo Update
16F2073 June 5, 2017
10.12.6
16G29 July 19, 2017 16.7.0 About the macOS Sierra 10.12.6 Update macOS Sierra 10.12.6 Update
macOS Sierra 10.12.6 Combo Update
16G1036 October 31, 2017 About the security content of Security Update 2017-001 Sierra Security Update 2017-001 Sierra
16G1114 December 6, 2017 About the security content of Security Update 2017-002 Sierra Security Update 2017-002 Sierra
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "macOS version 10.12 Sierra on Intel-based Mac computers". The Open Group. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ "MacOS High Sierra 10.13.1 Update Available to Download Now [u]". OS X Daily. Retrieved 2017-10-31.
Jump up ^ "Download - Apple Developer". Apple Developer. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
Jump up ^ Loyola, Roman (7 July 2016). "macOS Sierra FAQ: What you need to know about the new Mac operating system". Macworld. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
Jump up ^ Majo, Benjamin (7 September 2016). "macOS Sierra will be released on September 20 for free to Mac owners". 9to5Mac. Retrieved 7 September 2016.
Jump up ^ "How to get macOS Sierra". Apple. Retrieved September 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Elliott, Matt (2016-06-13). "See which Macs will -- and won't -- work with MacOS". CNet. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "MacOS 10.12 Sierra Unsupported Macs Thread". MacRumors Forums. Retrieved 2016-06-22.
^ Jump up to: a b "How to use Siri in macOS Sierra". Macworld. Retrieved 2017-02-16.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Cunningham, Andrew; Hutchinson, Lee (September 20, 2016). "macOS 10.12 Sierra: The Ars Technica review". Ars Technica UK. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Clover, Juli. "macOS Sierra: Save Disk Space With the New 'Optimize Storage' Option". Retrieved 2016-11-25.
Jump up ^ "Apple File System Guide". Apple Developer. 13 June 2016. Archived from the original on 13 June 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
Jump up ^ Hutchinson, Lee (14 June 2016). "Digging into APFS, Apple's new file system". Ars Technica UK. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
Jump up ^ Clover, Juli. "Apple Releases macOS Sierra 10.12.4 With New Night Shift Mode". Retrieved 2017-04-14.
Jump up ^ "Safari App Extension Programming Guide: Safari App Extensions". Apple Developer. Archived from the original on July 8, 2016. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ "How to use Messages effects in macOS Sierra". iMore. Retrieved 2016-11-22.
Jump up ^ "10 tiny macOS Sierra features I love". iMore. Retrieved 2016-12-30.
Jump up ^ "7 hidden features in macOS Sierra you may have missed". Macworld. Retrieved 2016-12-30.
Jump up ^ "How to Use Read Receipts on the iPhone and Mac". TekRevue. Retrieved 2016-12-30.
^ Jump up to: a b c https://www.cnet.com/how-to/10-hidden-macos-sierra-features-you-need-to-know/
Jump up ^ "How to configure a software RAID in macOS Sierra's Disk Utility". Macworld. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
^ Jump up to: a b Cunningham, Andrew (June 15, 2016). "Some nerdy changes in macOS and iOS 10: RAW shooting, a harsher Gatekeeper, more". Ars Technica UK. Archived from the original on June 16, 2016. Retrieved June 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ Trouton, Rich (September 21, 2016). "macOS Sierra's /Volumes folder is no longer world-writable". Der Flounder. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Gruber, John (September 20, 2016). "Dropbox's MacOS Security Hack". Daring Fireball. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Pauli, Darren (September 13, 2016). "Dropbox apologies for clunky administrator account access on Macs". The Register. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Trouton, Rich (September 21, 2016). "tty_tickets option now on by default for macOS Sierra's sudo tool". Der Flounder. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Xcode 8.1 Release Notes". Apple Developer. October 27, 2016. Retrieved November 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ Siracusa, John (October 29, 2007). "Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard: the Ars Technica review". Ars Technica. At section "Objective-C 2.0". Retrieved November 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ Siracusa, John (July 25, 2012). "OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion: the Ars Technica review". Ars Technica. At section "Objective-C enhancements". Retrieved November 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Prepare for removal of PPTP VPN before you upgrade to iOS 10 and macOS Sierra". Apple Support. July 16, 2016. Archived from the original on September 27, 2016. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kahn, Jordan (2016-12-13). "Why Apple is removing 'time remaining' battery life estimates following MacBook Pro complaints". 9to5Mac. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
Jump up ^ Schroeder, Stan. "Apple's Sierra update 'fixes' Mac battery woes by removing 'time remaining' estimate". Mashable. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
Jump up ^ O'Kane, Sean (2016-12-13). "Apple removes the 'time remaining' battery estimate in new macOS update". The Verge. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
Jump up ^ "How to download macOS Sierra". Apple. October 17, 2017. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ "MacOS Sierra review: Six big ways it's going to change your Apple experience". CNET. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
Jump up ^ "macOS Sierra review: Mixing iOS with OS X to make a better Mac". Macworld. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
Jump up ^ Wollman, Dana (September 20, 2016). "macOS Sierra review: Mac users get a modest update this year". Retrieved February 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sierra PDF Problems Get Worse in 10.12.2". Tidbits. Retrieved 2017-03-20.
External links[edit]
macOS Sierra – official site
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