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2018 African Nations Championship
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2018 African Nations Championship
2018 CHAN
Tournament details
Host country
Morocco
Dates
13 January – 4 February 2018
Teams
16 (from 1 confederation)
Venue(s)
4 (in 4 host cities)
Final positions
Champions
Morocco (1st title)
Runners-up
Nigeria
Third place
Sudan
Fourth place
Libya
Tournament statistics
Matches played
32
Goals scored
58 (1.81 per match)
Top scorer(s)
Ayoub El Kaabi (9 goals)
Best player
Ayoub El Kaabi
Fair play award
Morocco
← 2016
2020 →
The 2018 African Nations Championship, known as the Total African Nations Championship (also referred to as CHAN 2018) was the 5th edition of the African Nations Championship, a biennial football tournament organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) exclusively featuring players from the respective national championships. It took place between 12 January and 4 February 2018. In February 2016, Kenya was announced as the host nation but in September 2017, CAF decided to change the host nation due to a lack of progress with preparations.[1][2] Morocco was announced as the host nation in October 2017.[3]
Unlike the African Cup of Nations, the competing national teams must be composed of players playing in their domestic league. For example, a Moroccan player is only eligible to play for the Morocco national team if he is playing for a Moroccan club.[4]
Hosts Morocco defeated Nigeria in the final to win their first title. DR Congo were the defending champions but failed to qualify for the first time ever after losing to Congo on away goals rule.
Contents
[hide]
1 Host selection
2 Qualification
2.1 Qualified teams
3 Venues
4 Squads
5 Match officials
6 Draw
7 Group stage
7.1 Group A
7.2 Group B
7.3 Group C
7.4 Group D
8 Knockout stage
8.1 Bracket
8.2 Quarter-finals
8.3 Semi-finals
8.4 Third place match
8.5 Final
9 Goalscorers
10 Awards
10.1 Man of the match
10.2 Tournament team rankings
11 References
12 External links
Host selection[edit]
Initially, Kenya was announced as the host nation in February 2016. But in September 2017, CAF decided to change the host nation due to a lack of progress with preparations.[5]
The CAF received three bids by the deadline of 30 September 2017 to replace Kenya as new hosts:[6]
Equatorial Guinea
Ethiopia
Morocco
The Ethiopian Football Federation did not provide the government's letter of guarantee, and were not considered. The CAF Emergency Committee decided to choose Morocco over Equatorial Guinea in October 2017.[7]
Qualification[edit]
Main article: 2018 African Nations Championship qualification
The qualifying rounds took place from April to August 2017.[8]
Since Morocco had already qualified in the North Zone before being named as replacement hosts, their spot in the final tournament was re-allocated to Egypt, which lost to Morocco in the North Zone final qualifying round.[9] However, Egypt declined to participate citing a "congested domestic calendar".[10] As a result, the spot was reverted to Central-East Zone (as originally three teams would participate including Kenya as original hosts), and would go to the winner of a play-off in November 2017 between Ethiopia and Rwanda, the two teams which lost in the Central-East Zone final qualifying round.[11]
Qualified teams[edit]
The following 16 teams qualified for the final tournament.
Team
Zone
Appearance
Previous best performance
FIFA ranking
at start of event
Cameroon Central Zone 3rd 05 !Quarter-finals (2011, 2016) 45
Congo 2nd 06 !Group stage (2014) 96
Equatorial Guinea 1st 99 !Debut 146
Rwanda Central-East Zone 3rd 05 !Quarter-finals (2016) 113
Sudan 2nd 03 !Third place (2011) 136
Uganda 4th 06 !Group stage (2011, 2014, 2016) 75
Libya North Zone 3rd 01 !Champions (2014) 88
Morocco (hosts) 3rd 05 !Quarter-finals (2014) 40
Angola South Zone 3rd 02 !Runners-up (2011) 141
Namibia 1st 99 !Debut 118
Zambia 3rd 03 !Third place (2009) 74
Guinea West A Zone 2nd 04 !Fourth place (2016) 65
Mauritania 2nd 06 !Group stage (2014) 99
Burkina Faso West B Zone 2nd 06 !Group stage (2014) 44
Ivory Coast 4th 03 !Third place (2016) 61
Nigeria 3rd 03 !Third place (2014) 51
Venues[edit]
Matches were held in Casablanca, Marrakech, Agadir and Tangier.
Casablanca
Casablanca
Agadir
Marrakesh
Tangier
Marrakesh
Stade Mohamed V Stade de Marrakech
Capacity: 45,600 Capacity: 45,240
Tangier
Agadir
Stade Ibn Batouta Stade Adrar
Capacity: 45,000 Capacity: 45,480
Before their hosting rights were withdrawn, Football Kenya Federation planned to use four stadiums as competition venues.[12] However, only Nyayo National Stadium in Nairobi and Kasarani Stadium in Kasarani were considered to meet hosting requirements after CAF inspection, while Mombasa Municipal Stadium in Mombasa and Kinoru Stadium in Meru did not.[13]
Squads[edit]
Main article: 2018 African Nations Championship squads
Each squad can contain a maximum of 23 players (Regulations Article 72).[14] The finalized squads were announced by the CAF on 10 January 2018.[15][16] Players must play for clubs in their home country.
Match officials[edit]
A total of 32 match officials (16 referees and 16 assistant referees) were selected for the tournament. In addition, seven match official were selected to operate the video assistant referee (VAR) system starting from the quarter-finals, a first in African competitions.[17][18][19]
Draw[edit]
Main article: 2018 African Nations Championship seeding
The draw of the final tournament was held on 17 November 2017, 19:30 WET (UTC±0), at Sofitel Rabat in Rabat, Morocco.[20]
The 16 teams were drawn into four groups of four teams.[21] The hosts Morocco were seeded in Group A. The remaining teams were seeded based on their results in the four most recent final tournaments: 2009 (multiplied by 1), 2011 (multiplied by 2), 2014 (multiplied by 3), 2016 (multiplied by 4):[22][23][24]
7 points for winner
5 points for runner-up
3 points for semi-finalists
2 points for quarter-finalists
1 point for group stage
Based on the formula above, the four pots were allocated as follows:
Pot 1
Pot 2
Pot 3
Pot 4
Morocco (hosts) (10 pts)
Libya (22 pts)
Ivory Coast (15 pts)
Angola (14 pts)
Nigeria (13 pts)
Guinea (12 pts)
Cameroon (12 pts)
Zambia (11 pts)
Rwanda (10 pts)
Uganda (9 pts)
Sudan (6 pts)
Congo (3 pts)
Burkina Faso (3 pts)
Mauritania (3 pts)
Namibia (0 pts)
Equatorial Guinea (0 pts)
Group stage[edit]
The top two teams of each group advance to the quarter-finals.
Tiebreakers
Teams are ranked according to points (3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, 0 points for a loss), and if tied on points, the following tiebreaking criteria are applied, in the order given, to determine the rankings (Regulations Article 74):[14]
Points in head-to-head matches among tied teams;
Goal difference in head-to-head matches among tied teams;
Goals scored in head-to-head matches among tied teams;
If more than two teams are tied, and after applying all head-to-head criteria above, a subset of teams are still tied, all head-to-head criteria above are reapplied exclusively to this subset of teams;
Goal difference in all group matches;
Goals scored in all group matches;
Drawing of lots.
All times are local, WET (UTC±0).[25]
Group A[edit]
Pos
Team
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
GD
Pts
Qualification
1
Morocco (H) 3 2 1 0 7 1 +6 7 Knockout stage
2
Sudan 3 2 1 0 3 1 +2 7
3
Guinea 3 1 0 2 3 5 −2 3
4
Mauritania 3 0 0 3 0 6 −6 0
Source: CAF
Rules for classification: Group stage tiebreakers
(H) Host.
13 January 2018 (2018-01-13)19:30
Morocco
4–0
Mauritania
El Kaabi 66', 79'
Haddad 71'
Bencharki 90+2'
Report
Stade Mohamed V, Casablanca
Referee: Janny Sikazwe (Zambia)
14 January 2018 (2018-01-14)14:30
Guinea
1–2
Sudan
Sékou Camara 55'
Report
Koko 19'
Saif Tere 75'
Stade Mohamed V, Casablanca
Referee: Hélder Martins de Carvalho (Angola)
17 January 2018 (2018-01-17)16:30
Morocco
3–1
Guinea
El Kaabi 27', 65', 68'
Report
Saïdouba Camara 29'
Stade Mohamed V, Casablanca
Referee: Abou Coulibaly (Ivory Coast)
17 January 2018 (2018-01-17)19:30
Sudan
1–0
Mauritania
Walaa Eldin 30'
Report
Stade Mohamed V, Casablanca
Referee: Sadok Selmi (Tunisia)
21 January 2018 (2018-01-21)19:00
Sudan
0–0
Morocco
Report
Stade Mohamed V, Casablanca
Referee: Ndala Ngambo (DR Congo)
21 January 2018 (2018-01-21)19:00
Mauritania
0–1
Guinea
Report
Sankhon 15'
Stade de Marrakech, Marrakech
Referee: Jackson Pavaza (Namibia)
Group B[edit]
Pos
Team
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
GD
Pts
Qualification
1
Zambia 3 2 1 0 6 2 +4 7 Knockout stage
2
Namibia 3 2 1 0 3 1 +2 7
3
Uganda 3 0 1 2 1 4 −3 1
4
Ivory Coast 3 0 1 2 0 3 −3 1
Source: CAF
Rules for classification: Group stage tiebreakers
14 January 2018 (2018-01-14)16:30
Ivory Coast
0–1
Namibia
Report
Hambira 90'
Stade de Marrakech, Marrakech
Referee: Noureddine El Jaafari (Morocco)
14 January 2018 (2018-01-14)19:30
Zambia
3–1
Uganda
Kambole 38'
Mulenga 63'
Kapumbu 71'
Report
Nsibambi 40'
Stade de Marrakech, Marrakech
Referee: Mehdi Abid Charef (Algeria)
18 January 2018 (2018-01-18)16:30
Ivory Coast
0–2
Zambia
Report
Mulenga 8', 74'
Stade de Marrakech, Marrakech
Referee: Hamada Nampiandraza (Madagascar)
18 January 2018 (2018-01-18)19:30
Uganda
0–1
Namibia
Report
Nekundi 90+2'
Stade de Marrakech, Marrakech
Referee: Ibrahim Nour El Din (Egypt)
22 January 2018 (2018-01-22)19:00
Uganda
0–0
Ivory Coast
Report
Stade de Marrakech, Marrakech
Referee: Hélder Martins de Carvalho (Angola)
22 January 2018 (2018-01-22)19:00
Namibia
1–1
Zambia
Iimbondi 13'
Report
Kambole 24'
Stade Mohamed V, Casablanca
Referee: Louis Hakizimana (Rwanda)
Group C[edit]
Pos
Team
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
GD
Pts
Qualification
1
Nigeria 3 2 1 0 4 1 +3 7 Knockout stage
2
Libya 3 2 0 1 4 1 +3 6
3
Rwanda 3 1 1 1 1 1 0 4
4
Equatorial Guinea 3 0 0 3 1 7 −6 0
Source: CAF
Rules for classification: Group stage tiebreakers
15 January 2018 (2018-01-15)16:30
Libya
3–0
Equatorial Guinea
Al Taher 11', 16'
Al Harash 86'
Report
Stade Ibn Batouta, Tangier
Referee: Mahamadou Keita (Mali)
15 January 2018 (2018-01-15)19:30
Nigeria
0–0
Rwanda
Report
Stade Ibn Batouta, Tangier
Referee: Victor Gomes (South Africa)
19 January 2018 (2018-01-19)16:30
Libya
0–1
Nigeria
Report
Faleye 79'
Stade Ibn Batouta, Tangier
Referee: Mustapha Ghorbal (Algeria)
19 January 2018 (2018-01-19)19:30
Rwanda
1–0
Equatorial Guinea
Manzi 66'
Report
Stade Ibn Batouta, Tangier
Referee: Daniel Laryea (Ghana)
23 January 2018 (2018-01-23)19:00
Rwanda
0–1
Libya
Report
Abushnaf 90+2'
Stade Ibn Batouta, Tangier
Referee: Noureddine El Jaafari (Morocco)
23 January 2018 (2018-01-23)19:00
Equatorial Guinea
1–3
Nigeria
Nsi 40'
Report
Okpotu 60'
Ojo 69'
Ali 84' (pen.)
Stade Adrar, Agadir
Referee: Abou Coulibaly (Ivory Coast)
Group D[edit]
Pos
Team
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
GD
Pts
Qualification
1
Congo 3 2 1 0 3 0 +3 7 Knockout stage
2
Angola 3 1 2 0 1 0 +1 5
3
Burkina Faso 3 0 2 1 1 3 −2 2
4
Cameroon 3 0 1 2 1 3 −2 1
Source: CAF
Rules for classification: Group stage tiebreakers
16 January 2018 (2018-01-16)16:30
Angola
0–0
Burkina Faso
Report
Stade Adrar, Agadir
Referee: Bamlak Tessema Weyesa (Ethiopia)
16 January 2018 (2018-01-16)19:30
Cameroon
0–1
Congo
Report
Makiesse 72' (pen.)
Stade Adrar, Agadir
Referee: Gehad Grisha (Egypt)
20 January 2018 (2018-01-20)16:30
Angola
1–0
Cameroon
Job 30' (pen.)
Report
Stade Adrar, Agadir
Referee: Maguette N'Diaye (Senegal)
20 January 2018 (2018-01-20)19:30
Congo
2–0
Burkina Faso
Bakoua 67'
Bidimbou 90+2'
Report
Stade Adrar, Agadir
Referee: Pacifique Ndabihawenimana (Burundi)
24 January 2018 (2018-01-24)19:00
Congo
0–0
Angola
Report
Stade Adrar, Agadir
Referee: Mustapha Ghorbal (Algeria)
24 January 2018 (2018-01-24)19:00
Burkina Faso
1–1
Cameroon
Sylla 42'
Report
Moussombo 52'
Stade Ibn Batouta, Tangier
Referee: Victor Gomes (South Africa)
Knockout stage[edit]
In the knockout stage, extra time and penalty shoot-out are used to decide the winner if necessary, except for the third place match where penalty shoot-out (no extra time) is used to decide the winner if necessary (Regulations Article 75).[14]
Bracket[edit]
Quarter-finals Semi-finals Final
27 January – Casablanca
Morocco 2
31 January – Casablanca
Namibia 0
Morocco (a.e.t.) 3
28 January – Agadir
Libya 1
Congo 1 (3)
4 February – Casablanca
Libya (p) 1 (5)
Morocco 4
27 January – Marrakech
Nigeria 0
Zambia 0
31 January – Marrakech
Sudan 1
Sudan 0
28 January – Tangier
Nigeria 1 Third place
Nigeria (a.e.t.) 2
3 February – Marrakech
Angola 1
Libya 1 (2)
Sudan (p) 1 (4)
Quarter-finals[edit]
27 January 2018 (2018-01-27)16:30
Morocco
2–0
Namibia
El Kaabi 36'
Saidi 54'
Report
Stade Mohamed V, Casablanca
Referee: Mahamadou Keita (Mali)
27 January 2018 (2018-01-27)19:30
Zambia
0–1
Sudan
Report
Saif Tere 32'
Stade de Marrakech, Marrakech
Referee: Bamlak Tessema Weyesa (Ethiopia)
28 January 2018 (2018-01-28)16:30
Nigeria
2–1 (a.e.t.)
Angola
Okpotu 90+2'
Okechukwu 109'
Report
Vá 56'
Stade Ibn Batouta, Tangier
Referee: Sadok Selmi (Tunisia)
28 January 2018 (2018-01-28)19:30
Congo
1–1 (a.e.t.)
Libya
Makiesse 32'
Report
Al Taher 14'
Penalties
Kibamba
Mboungou
Mouko
Rozan
3–5
Taktak
Khalleefah
Alaqoub
Al-Maghasi
Masaud
Stade Adrar, Agadir
Referee: Hamada Nampiandraza (Madagascar)
Semi-finals[edit]
31 January 2018 (2018-01-31)16:30
Morocco
3–1 (a.e.t.)
Libya
El Kaabi 73', 97'
El Karti 119' (pen.)
Report
Khalleefah 86'
Stade Mohamed V, Casablanca
Referee: Janny Sikazwe (Zambia)
31 January 2018 (2018-01-31)19:30
Sudan
0–1
Nigeria
Report
Okechukwu 16'
Stade de Marrakech, Marrakech
Referee: Malang Diedhiou (Senegal)
Third place match[edit]
3 February 2018 (2018-02-03)19:00
Libya
1–1
Sudan
Ablo 84'
Report
Walaa Eldin 6'
Penalties
Taktak
Elhouni
Alaqoub
Ablo
2–4
M. El Tahir
A. El Tahir
Ahmed
Maaz
Stade de Marrakech, Marrakech
Referee: Mehdi Abid Charef (Algeria)
Final[edit]
Main article: 2018 African Nations Championship Final
4 February 2018 (2018-02-04)19:00
Morocco
4–0
Nigeria
Hadraf 44', 64'
El Karti 61'
El Kaabi 73'
Report
Stade Mohamed V, Casablanca
Attendance: 45,000+
Referee: Bakary Gassama (Gambia)
Goalscorers[edit]
9 goals
Ayoub El Kaabi
3 goals
Saleh Al Taher
Augustine Mulenga
2 goals
Walid El Karti
Zakaria Hadraf
Junior Makiesse
Gabriel Okechukwu
Anthony Okpotu
Walaa Eldin Musa
Saif Tere
Lazarous Kambole
1 goal
Job
Vá
Mohamed Sydney Sylla
Patrick Moussombo
Carof Bakoua
Kader Bidimbou
Secundino Nsi
Saïdouba Bissiri Camara
Sékou Amadou Camara
Ibrahima Sory Sankhon
Salem Ablo
Elmutasem Abushnaf
Zakaria Al Harash
Abdulrahman Khalleefah
Achraf Bencharki
Ismail Haddad
Salaheddine Saidi
Vetunuavi Hambira
Absalom Iimbondi
Panduleni Nekundi
Rabiu Ali
Sunday Faleye
Dayo Ojo
Thierry Manzi
Omer Suleiman Koko
Derrick Nsibambi
Fackson Kapumbu
Awards[edit]
The following awards were given at the conclusion of the tournament:[26]
Total Man of the Tournament: Ayoub El Kaabi (Morocco)
Top scorer: Ayoub El Kaabi (Morocco) – 9 goals
Fair Play: Morocco
Team of the tournament:
Goalkeeper: Akram El Hadi (Sudan)
Defenders: Omer Suliman (Sudan), Stephen Eze (Nigeria), Badr Benoun (Morocco)
Midfielders: Solomon Ojo (Nigeria), Walid El Karti (Morocco), Salaheddine Saidi (Morocco), Zakaria Hadraf (Morocco), Abdulrahman Ramadhan (Libya)
Forwards: Ayoub El Kaabi (Morocco), Saleh Taher (Libya)
Substitutes: Anas Zniti (Morocco), Sand Masaud (Libya), Vladimir Antonio (Angola), Bader Hasan (Libya), Augustine Mulenga (Zambia), Saifeldin Bakhit (Sudan), Ismail El Haddad (Morocco)
Man of the match[edit]
Stage
Team 1
Result
Team 2
Man of the Match
First round of group stage matches
Group A Morocco 4–0 Mauritania Abdelilah Hafidi
Guinea 1–2 Sudan Saifeldin Malik Bakhit
Group B Ivory Coast 0–1 Namibia Vetunuavi Hambira
Zambia 3–1 Uganda Lazarous Kambole
Group C Libya 3–0 Equatorial Guinea Saleh Al Taher
Nigeria 0–0 Rwanda Djihad Bizimana
Group D Angola 0–0 Burkina Faso Vá
Cameroon 0–1 Congo Prestige Mboungou
Group A Morocco 3–1 Guinea Ayoub El Kaabi
Sudan 1–0 Mauritania Omer Suleiman Koko
Group B Ivory Coast 0–2 Zambia Augustine Mulenga
Uganda 0–1 Namibia Lloyd Kazapua
Group C Libya 0–1 Nigeria Stephen Eze
Rwanda 1–0 Equatorial Guinea Thierry Manzi
Group D Angola 1–0 Cameroon Vá
Congo 2–0 Burkina Faso Junior Makiesse
Group A Sudan 0–0 Morocco Akram El Hadi Salim
Mauritania 0–1 Guinea Ibrahima Sory Sankhon
Group B Uganda 0–0 Ivory Coast Kouamé N'Guessan
Namibia 1–1 Zambia Teberius Lombard
Group C Rwanda 0–1 Libya Elmutasem Abushnaf
Equatorial Guinea 1–3 Nigeria Dayo Ojo
Group D Congo 0–0 Angola Francoeur Baron Kibamba
Burkina Faso 1–1 Cameroon Wend-Panga Bambara
Knockout stage matches
Quarter-finals Morocco 2–0 Namibia Salaheddine Saidi
Zambia 0–1 Sudan Mohamed Hashim
Nigeria 2–1 (a.e.t.) Angola Ikechukwu Ezenwa
Congo 1–1 (a.e.t.)
(3–5 p) Libya Abdulrahman Khalleefah
Semi-finals Morocco 3–1 (a.e.t.) Libya Ayoub El Kaabi
Sudan 0–1 Nigeria Gabriel Okechukwu
Third place match Libya 1–1
(2–4 p) Sudan Muhannad El Tahir
Final Morocco 4–0 Nigeria Zakaria Hadraf
Tournament team rankings[edit]
As per statistical convention in football, matches decided in extra time are counted as wins and losses, while matches decided by penalty shoot-outs are counted as draws.
Pos
Team
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
GD
Pts
Final result
1
Morocco (H) 6 5 1 0 16 2 +14 16 Champions
2
Nigeria 6 4 1 1 7 6 +1 13 Runners-up
3
Sudan 6 3 2 1 5 3 +2 11 Third place
4
Libya 6 2 2 2 7 6 +1 8 Fourth place
5
Congo 4 2 2 0 4 1 +3 8 Eliminated in
quarter-finals
6
Zambia 4 2 1 1 6 3 +3 7
7
Namibia 4 2 1 1 3 3 0 7
8
Angola 4 1 2 1 2 2 0 5
9
Rwanda 3 1 1 1 1 1 0 4 Eliminated in
group stage
10
Guinea 3 1 0 2 3 5 −2 3
11
Burkina Faso 3 0 2 1 1 3 −2 2
12
Cameroon 3 0 1 2 1 3 −2 1
13
Uganda 3 0 1 2 1 4 −3 1
14
Ivory Coast 3 0 1 2 0 3 −3 1
15
Equatorial Guinea 3 0 0 3 1 7 −6 0
16
Mauritania 3 0 0 3 0 6 −6 0
Source:[citation needed]
(H) Host.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Kenya to Host 2018 Africa Nations Cup". allAfrica.com. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "From Rwanda to Kenya". CAF. 9 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "الكاف يختار المغرب لاستضافة كاس افريقيا للاعبين المحليين 2018 | الموقع الرسمي للجامعة الملكية المغربية لكرة القدم". www.frmf.ma. 15 October 2017. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Kenya to host 2018 African Nations Championship". www.nation.co.ke. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "Kenya loses Chan hosting rights as Caf decides". Daily Nation. 23 September 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "TOTAL CHAN 2018: Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia and Morocco are bidding for the organisation". CAF. 1 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Morocco will host Total CHAN 2018". CAF. 15 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "CAF Flash Magazine: Final 2016 Orange Confederation Cup" (PDF). CAF.
Jump up ^ "Egypt qualify for Total CHAN, Morocco 2018". CAF. 15 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "AFRICAN FOOTBALL Egypt declines CHAN 2018 invite". soka25east.com. 22 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Play-off Ethiopia - Rwanda for a place in Total Chan, Morocco 2018". CAF. 28 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Jacob Gachanja (17 May 2016). "FKF reveals stadia plans ahead of CHAN 2018". futaa.com. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Kenya 'Loses' Rights to Host 2018 CHAN Due To Shoddy Stadiums". Nairobi Wire. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Regulations of the African Nations Championship" (PDF). CAF.
Jump up ^ "Squad lists revealed". CAF. 10 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Squad Lists" (PDF). CAF.
Jump up ^ "Match Officials for Total CHAN Morocco 2018 announced". CAF. 26 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "CHAN 2018 Appointed Referees" (PDF). CAF.
Jump up ^ "CHAN kicks off as local African talent goes on show". CAF. 12 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Draw on November 17th in Rabat". CAF. 18 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Results and Fixtures of Total CHAN Morocco 2018 draw". CAF. 17 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Total CHAN 2018: Pots for final draw revealed". CAF. 15 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Procedure for the draw" (PDF). CAF. 15 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Ranking of qualified teams" (PDF). CAF. 15 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Fixtures of the Final Tournament". CAF.
Jump up ^ "El Kaabi named Total man of the tournament". CAF. 6 February 2018.
External links[edit]
5th Edition Of Total African Nations Championship, Morocco 2018, CAFonline.com
[hide]
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African Nations Championship
Tournaments
Ivory Coast 2009
Sudan 2011
South Africa 2014
Rwanda 2016
Morocco 2018
Ethiopia 2020
Qualification
2009
2011
2014
2016
2018
Finals
2009
2011
2014
2016
2018
Squads
2009
2011
2014
2016
2018
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Dome of the Rock
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Not to be confused with Al-Aqsa Mosque or Mosque of Omar (Jerusalem).
Dome of the Rock
Qubbat As-Sakhrah
قبّة الصخرة
Location within the Old City of Jerusalem
Basic information
Location
Jerusalem
Geographic coordinates
31°46′41″N 35°14′07″E / 31.7780°N 35.2354°E / 31.7780; 35.2354Coordinates: 31°46′41″N 35°14′07″E / 31.7780°N 35.2354°E / 31.7780; 35.2354
Affiliation
Islam
Administration
Ministry of Awqaf (Jordan)
Architectural description
Architectural type
Shrine
Architectural style
Umayyad, Abbasid, Ottoman
Date established
built 688–692,[1] expanded 820s, restored 1020s, 1545–1566, 1721/2, 1817, 1874/5, 1959–1962, 1993.
Specifications
Dome(s)
1
Minaret(s)
0
The Dome of the Rock (Arabic: قبة الصخرة Qubbat al-Sakhrah, Hebrew: כיפת הסלע Kippat ha-Sela) is an Islamic shrine located on the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem.
It was initially completed in 691 CE at the order of Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik during the Second Fitna, built on the site of the Roman temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, which had in turn been built on the site of the Second Jewish Temple, destroyed during the Roman Siege of Jerusalem in 70 CE. The original dome collapsed in 1015 and was rebuilt in 1022–23. The Dome of the Rock is in its core one of the oldest extant works of Islamic architecture.[2]
Its architecture and mosaics were patterned after nearby Byzantine churches and palaces,[3] although its outside appearance has been significantly changed in the Ottoman period and again in the modern period, notably with the addition of the gold-plated roof, in 1959–61 and again in 1993. The octagonal plan of the structure may also have been influenced by the Byzantine Church of the Seat of Mary (also known as Kathisma in Greek and al-Qadismu in Arabic) built between 451 and 458 on the road between Jerusalem and Bethlehem.[3]
The site's great significance for Muslims derives from traditions connecting it to the creation of the world and to the belief that the Prophet Muhammad's Night Journey to heaven started from the rock at the center of the structure.[4][5] The rock also bears great significance for Jews as the site of Abraham's attempted sacrifice of his son.
It has been called "Jerusalem's most recognizable landmark,"[6] and it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, along with two nearby Temple Mount structures, the Western Wall, and the "Resurrection Rotunda" in the nearby Church of the Holy Sepulchre.[7]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Pre-Islamic
1.2 Original construction
1.3 Abbasids and Fatimids
1.4 Crusaders
1.5 Ayyubids and Mamluks
1.6 Ottoman Empire (1517–1917)
1.7 Modern history
2 Accessibility
3 Religious significance
4 Architectural homages
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
History
Pre-Islamic
Main articles: Temple Mount, Herod's Temple, and Aelia Capitolina
Reconstruction of Herod's Temple as seen from the east (Holyland Model of Jerusalem, 1966)
The Dome of the Rock is situated in the center of the Temple Mount, the site of the Temple of Solomon and the Jewish Second Temple, which had been greatly expanded under Herod the Great in the 1st century BCE. Herod's Temple was destroyed in 70 CE by the Romans, and after the Bar Kokhba revolt in 135 CE, a Roman temple to Jupiter Capitolinus was built at the site.[8]
Jerusalem was ruled by the Christian Byzantine Empire throughout the 4th to 6th centuries. During this time, Christian pilgrimage to Jerusalem began to develop.[9] The Church of the Holy Sepulchre was built under Constantine in the 320s, but the Temple Mount was left undeveloped after a failed project of restoration of the temple under Julian the Apostate.[10]
Original construction
The Dome of the Rock is now mostly assumed to have been built by the order of Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik and his son and successor Al-Walid I. According to Sibt ibn al-Jawzi, construction started in 687. Construction cost was reportedly seven times the yearly tax income of Egypt.[11] A dedicatory inscription in Kufic script is preserved inside the dome. The date is recorded as AH 72 (691/2 CE), the year historians believe the construction of the original Dome was completed.[12] In this inscription, the name of al-Malik was deleted and replaced by the name of Abbasid caliph Al-Ma'mun. This alteration of the original inscription was first noted by Melchior de Vogüé in 1864.[13] Some scholars have suggested that the dome was added to an existing building, built either by Muawiyah I (r. 661–680),[14] or indeed a Byzantine building dating to before the Muslim conquest, built under Heraclius (r. 610–641).[15]
Its architecture and mosaics were patterned after nearby Byzantine churches and palaces.[3] The two engineers in charge of the project were Raja ibn Haywah, a Muslim theologian from Beit She'an and Yazid Ibn Salam, a non-Arab who was Muslim and a native of Jerusalem.[3][16]
Cross section of the Dome (print from 1887, after the first detailed drawings of the Dome, made by Frederick Catherwood in 1833).[17]
Shelomo Dov Goitein of the Hebrew University has argued that the Dome of the Rock was intended to compete with the many fine buildings of worship of other religions: "The very form of a rotunda, given to the Qubbat as-Sakhra, although it was foreign to Islam, was destined to rival the many Christian domes."[18] K.A.C. Creswell in his book The Origin of the Plan of the Dome of the Rock notes that those who built the shrine used the measurements of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. The diameter of the dome of the shrine is 20.20 m (66.3 ft) and its height 20.48 m (67.2 ft), while the diameter of the dome of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre is 20.90 m (68.6 ft) and its height 21.05 m (69.1 ft).
The structure was basically octagonal. It comprised a wooden dome, approximately 20 m (66 ft) in diameter, which was mounted on an elevated drum consisting of a circle of 16 piers and columns.[19] Surrounding this circle was an octagonal arcade of 24 piers and columns.
Abbasids and Fatimids
The original construction was surrounded by open arcades, like the Dome of the Chain.[citation needed][dubious – discuss] Under Abbasid caliph Al-Ma'mun (r. 813–833), an octagonal wall was added.[citation needed][dubious – discuss]
The building was severely damaged by earthquakes in 808 and again in 846.[20] The dome collapsed in an earthquake in 1015 and was rebuilt in 1022–23. The mosaics on the drum were repaired in 1027–28.[21]
Crusaders
Main article: Templum Domini
Depiction of the Templum Domini on the reverse side of the seal of the Knights Templar
For centuries Christian pilgrims were able to come and experience the Temple Mount, but escalating violence against pilgrims to Jerusalem (Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, who ordered the destruction of the Holy Sepulchre, was an example) instigated the Crusades.[22] The Crusaders captured Jerusalem in 1099 and the Dome of the Rock was given to the Augustinians, who turned it into a church, while the Al-Aqsa Mosque became a royal palace. The Knights Templar, active from c. 1119, identified the Dome of the Rock as the site of the Temple of Solomon and set up their headquarters in the Al-Aqsa Mosque adjacent to the Dome for much of the 12th century. The Templum Domini, as they called the Dome of the Rock, featured on the official seals of the Order's Grand Masters (such as Everard des Barres and Renaud de Vichiers), and soon became the architectural model for round Templar churches across Europe.
Ayyubids and Mamluks
Jerusalem was recaptured by Saladin on 2 October 1187, and the Dome of the Rock was reconsecrated as a Muslim shrine. The cross on top of the dome was replaced by a crescent,[citation needed] and a wooden screen was placed around the rock below.[citation needed] Saladin's nephew al-Malik al-Mu'azzam Isa carried out other restorations within the building, and added the porch to the Al-Aqsa Mosque.[citation needed]
The Dome of the Rock was the focus of extensive royal patronage by the sultans during the Mamluk period, which lasted from 1250 until 1510.[citation needed]
Ottoman Empire (1517–1917)
During the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) the exterior of the Dome of the Rock was covered with tiles. This work took seven years.[citation needed]
The interior of the dome is lavishly decorated with mosaic, faience and marble, much of which was added several centuries after its completion. It also contains Qur'anic inscriptions. Surah Ya Sin (the "Heart of the Quran") is inscribed across the top of the tile work and was commissioned in the 16th century by Suleiman the Magnificent. Al-Isra, the Surah 17 which tells the story of the Isra or Night Journey, is inscribed above this.
Adjacent to the Dome of the Rock, the Ottomans built the free-standing Dome of the Prophet in 1620. Large-scale renovation was undertaken during the reign of Mahmud II in 1817.
In a major restoration project undertaken in 1874–75 during the reign of the Ottoman Sultan Abdülaziz, all the tiles on the west and southwest walls of the octagonal part of the building were removed and replaced by copies that had been made in Turkey.[23][24]
View from the north, Francis Bedford (1862)
West front in 1862. By this date many of the 16th century tiles were missing.
Interior showing mosaic decoration (1914)
Tiled façade (2013)
Interior showing rock (1915)
Modern history
1920s photograph
Haj Amin al-Husseini, appointed Grand Mufti by the British during the 1917 mandate of Palestine, along with Yaqub al-Ghusayn, implemented the restoration of the Dome of the Rock and the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem.
The Dome of the Rock was badly shaken during the 11 July 1927 Jericho earthquake, damaging many of the repairs that had taken place over previous years.
In 1955, an extensive program of renovation was begun by the government of Jordan, with funds supplied by Arab governments and Turkey. The work included replacement of large numbers of tiles dating back to the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, which had become dislodged by heavy rain. In 1965, as part of this restoration, the dome was covered with a durable aluminium bronze alloy made in Italy that replaced the lead exterior. Before 1959, the dome was covered in blackened lead. In the course of substantial restoration carried out from 1959 to 1962, the lead was replaced by aluminum-bronze plates covered with gold leaf.
A few hours after the Israeli flag was hoisted over the Dome of the Rock in 1967 during the Six-Day War, Israelis lowered it on the orders of Moshe Dayan and invested the Muslim waqf (religious trust) with the authority to manage the Temple Mount / Haram al-Sharif, in order to "keep the peace".[25]
The reverse of a 1000-rials banknote from 1982.
In 1993, the golden dome covering was refurbished following a donation of USD 8.2 million by King Hussein of Jordan who sold one of his houses in London to fund the 80 kilograms of gold required.[citation needed]
The Dome of the Rock is depicted on the reverse of the Iranian 1000 rials banknote.[26]
Accessibility
Sign at visitors entrance to Temple Mount
The Dome is maintained by the Ministry of Awqaf in Amman, Jordan.[27]
Until the mid-twentieth century, non-Muslims were not permitted in the area. Since 1967, non-Muslims have been permitted limited access; however non-Muslims are not permitted to pray on the Temple Mount, bring prayer books, or wear religious apparel. The Israeli police help enforce this.[28] Israel restricted access for a short time during 2012 of Palestinian residents of the West Bank to the Temple Mount. West Bank Palestinian men had to be over 35 to be eligible for a permit.[29] Palestinian residents of Jerusalem, who hold Israeli residency cards, and Palestinians with Israeli citizenship are permitted unrestricted access.
Some Orthodox rabbis encourage Jews to visit the site, while most forbid entry to the compound lest there be a violation of Jewish law. Even rabbis who encourage entrance to the Temple Mount prohibit entrance to the actual Dome of the Rock.[30]
Religious significance
The Temple in Jerusalem depicted as the Dome of the Rock on the printer's mark of Marco Antonio Giustiniani, Venice 1545–52
According to some Islamic scholars, the rock is the spot[31] from which the Islamic prophet Muhammad ascended to Heaven accompanied by the angel Gabriel. Further, Muhammad was taken here by Gabriel to pray with Abraham, Moses, and Jesus.[32] Other Islamic scholars believe that the Prophet ascended to Heaven from the Al-Aqsa Mosque.[33][34]
Muslims believe the location of the Dome of the Rock to be the site mentioned in Sura 17 of the Qur'an, which tells the story of the Isra and Mi'raj, the miraculous Night Journey of Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to "the farthest mosque", where he leads prayers and rises to heaven to receive instructions from Allah. The Night Journey is mentioned in the Qur'an in a very brief form and is further elaborated by the hadiths. Caliph Umar ibn Al-Khattab (579–644) was advised by Ka'ab al-Ahbar, a Jewish rabbi who converted to Islam,[35] that "the farthest mosque" is identical with the site of the former Jewish Temples in Jerusalem.[citation needed]
The Foundation Stone viewed from the dome. Photograph was taken between 1900 and 1920, before the removal of the surrounding iron grill.
The Foundation Stone and its surroundings is the holiest site in Judaism. Though Muslims now pray towards the Kaaba at Mecca, they once[year needed] faced the Temple Mount as the Jews do. Muhammad changed the direction of prayer for Muslims after a revelation from Allah. Jews traditionally regarded[year needed] the location of the stone as the holiest spot on Earth, the site of the Holy of Holies during the Temple Period.
According to Jewish tradition, the stone is the site where Abraham prepared to sacrifice his son Isaac.
On the walls of the Dome of the Rock is an inscription in a mosaic frieze that includes an explicit rejection of the divinity of Christ, from Quran (19:33–35):
33. "So peace is upon me the day I was born, and the day I die, and the day I shall be raised alive!" 34. Such is Jesus, son of Mary. It is a statement of truth, about which they doubt. 35. It is not befitting to (the majesty of) Allah that He should take himself a child. Glory be to Him! when He determines a matter, He only says to it, "Be", and it is.
According to Goitein, the inscriptions decorating the interior clearly display a spirit of polemic against Christianity, whilst stressing at the same time the Qur'anic doctrine that Jesus was a true prophet. The formula la sharika lahu ("God has no companion") is repeated five times; the verses from Sura Maryam 19:35–37, which strongly reaffirm Jesus' prophethood to God, are quoted together with the prayer: Allahumma salli ala rasulika wa'abdika 'Isa bin Maryam – "O Lord, send your blessings to your Prophet and Servant Jesus son of Mary." He believes that this shows that rivalry with Christendom, together with the spirit of Muslim mission to the Christians, was at work at the time of construction.[18]
Groups such as the Temple Mount and Eretz Yisrael Faithful Movement wish to relocate the Dome to Mecca and replace it with a Third Temple.[citation needed] Many Israelis are ambivalent about the Movement's wishes. Some religious Jews, following rabbinic teaching, believe that the Temple should only be rebuilt in the messianic era, and that it would be presumptuous of people to force God's hand. However, some Evangelical Christians consider rebuilding of the Temple to be a prerequisite to Armageddon and the Second Coming.[36] Jeremy Gimpel, a US-born candidate for Habayit Hayehudi in the 2013 Israeli elections, caused a controversy when he was recorded telling a Fellowship Church evangelical group in Florida in 2011 to imagine the incredible experience that would follow were the Dome to be destroyed. All Christians would be immediately transported to Israel, he opined.[37]
Architectural homages
The Dome of the Rock has inspired the architecture of a number of buildings. These include the octagonal Church of St. Giacomo in Italy, the Mausoleum of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent in Istanbul, the octagonal Moorish Revival style Rumbach Street Synagogue in Budapest, and the New Synagogue in Berlin, Germany. It was long believed by Christians that the Dome of the Rock echoed the architecture of the Temple in Jerusalem, as can be seen in Raphael's The Marriage of the Virgin and in Perugino's Marriage of the Virgin.[38]
Panorama of the Temple Mount, including Al-Aqsa Mosque and Dome of the Rock, from the Mount of Olives
See also
Islam portal
Christianity portal
Judaism portal
Ablaq
History of Medieval Arabic and Western European domes
List of the oldest mosques in the world
New Jerusalem
Well of Souls
Notes
Jump up ^ Gil, Moshe (1997). A History of Palestine, 634–1099. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-59984-9.
Jump up ^ Slavik, Diane (2001). Cities through Time: Daily Life in Ancient and Modern Jerusalem. Geneva, Illinois: Runestone Press. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-8225-3218-7.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Avner, Rina (2010). "The Dome of the Rock in light of the development of concentric martyria in Jerusalem" (PDF). Muqarnas. Volume 27: An Annual on the Visual Cultures of the Islamic World. Leiden: Brill. pp. 31–50 [43–44]. ISBN 978-900418511-1. JSTOR 25769691.
Jump up ^ M. Anwarul Islam and Zaid F. Al-hamad (2007). "The Dome of the Rock: Origin of its octagonal plan". Palestine Exploration Quarterly. 139 (2): 109–128.
Jump up ^ Nasser Rabbat (1989). "The meaning of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock". Muqarnas. 6: 12–21.
Jump up ^ Goldberg, Jeffrey (29 January 2001). "Arafat's Gift". The New Yorker. Retrieved 11 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "UNESCO World Heritage".
Jump up ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Aelia Capitolina". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 256. Lester L. Grabbe (2010). An Introduction to Second Temple Judaism: History and Religion of the Jews in the Time of Nehemiah, the Maccabees, Hillel, and Jesus. A&C Black. p. 29.
Jump up ^ Davidson, Linda Kay and David Martin Gitlitz Pilgrimage: From the Ganges to Graceland : an Encyclopedia Volume 1, ABC-CLIO, Inc, Santa Barbara, CA 2002, p. 274.
Jump up ^ "Julian thought to rebuild at an extravagant expense the proud Temple once at Jerusalem, and committed this task to Alypius of Antioch. Alypius set vigorously to work, and was seconded by the governor of the province, when fearful balls of fire, breaking out near the foundations, continued their attacks, till the workmen, after repeated scorchings, could approach no more: and he gave up the attempt." Ammianus Marcellinus, Res Gestae, 23.1.2–3.
Jump up ^ Jacob Lassner: Muslims on the sanctity of Jerusalem: preliminary thoughts on the search for a conceptual framework. In: Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam. Band 31 (2006), p. 176.
Jump up ^ Necipoğlu 2008, p. 22.
Jump up ^ Vogüé 1864, p. 85.
Jump up ^ Olge Grabar: The Meaning of the Dome of the Rock.
Jump up ^ Busse, Heribert (1991). "Zur Geschichte und Deutung der frühislamischen Ḥarambauten in Jerusalem". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins (in German). 107: 144–154. JSTOR 27931418.
Jump up ^ "Islamic Art and Architecture 650–1250". google.ca. p. 20.
Jump up ^ "Drawings of Islamic Buildings: Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem.". Victoria and Albert Museum. Archived from the original on 9 March 2009. Until 1833 the Dome of the Rock had not been measured or drawn; according to Victor von Hagen, 'no architect had ever sketched its architecture, no antiquarian had traced its interior design...' On 13 November in that year, however, Frederick Catherwood dressed up as an Egyptian officer and accompanied by an Egyptian servant 'of great courage and assurance', entered the buildings of the mosque with his drawing materials... 'During six weeks, I continued to investigate every part of the mosque and its precincts.' Thus, Catherwood made the first complete survey of the Dome of the Rock, and paved the way for many other artists in subsequent years, such as William Harvey, Ernest Richmond and Carl Friedrich Heinrich Werner.
^ Jump up to: a b Goitein, Shelomo Dov (1950). "The historical background of the erection of the Dome of the Rock". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 70 (2): 104–108. JSTOR 595539.
Jump up ^ "Dome of the Rock". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
Jump up ^ Amiran, D.H.K.; Arieh, E.; Turcotte, T. (1994). "Earthquakes in Israel and adjacent areas: macroseismic observations since 100 B.C.E.". Israel Exploration Journal. 44 (3/4): 260-305 [267]. JSTOR 27926357.
Jump up ^ Necipoğlu 2008, p. 31.
Jump up ^ Stark, Rodney. God's Battalions; a Case for the Crusades. Harper Collins, NY, 2009, pp. 84–85.
Jump up ^ Clermont-Ganneau 1899, p. 179.
Jump up ^ St. Laurent, Beatrice; Riedlmayer, András (1993). "Restorations of Jerusalem and the Dome of the Rock and their political significance, 1537–1928" (PDF). In Necipoğlu, Gülru. Muqarnas. Volume 10: Essays in Honor of Oleg Grabar. Leiden: Brill. pp. 76–84. JSTOR 1523174.
Jump up ^ "Letter from Jerusalem: A Fight Over Sacred Turf by Sandra Scham". Archaeology.org. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
Jump up ^ Central Bank of Iran. Banknotes & Coins: 1000 Rials. – Retrieved on 24 March 2009.
Jump up ^ Business Optimization Consultants B.O.C. "Hashemite Restorations of the Islamic Holy Places in Jerusalem – kinghussein.gov.jo – Retrieved 21 January 2008". Kinghussein.gov.jo. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
Jump up ^ Jerusalem's Holy Places and the Peace Process Marshall J. Breger and Thomas A. Idinopulos, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 1998.
Jump up ^ Browning, Noah (15 August 2012). "Palestinians flock to Jerusalem as Israeli restrictions eased – Yahoo! News". News.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on 18 August 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
Jump up ^ Zivotofsky. "Tzarich Iyun: The Har HaBayit – OU Torah". OU Torah. Retrieved 2015-11-16.
Jump up ^ Braswell, G. Islam – Its Prophets, People, Politics and Power. Nashville, TN: Broadman and Holman Publishers. 1996. p. 14
Jump up ^ Ali, A. The Holy Qur'an – Translation and Commentary. Bronx, NY: Islamic Propagation Centre International. 1946. pp. 1625–31
Jump up ^ "Me'raj – The Night Ascension". Al-islam.org. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
Jump up ^ "Meraj Article". Duas.org. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
Jump up ^ Yakub of Syria (Ka'b al-Ahbar) Last Jewish Attempt at Islamic Leadership Committee for Historical Research in Islam and Judaism, © 2004–2012, accessed July 2013.[dead link] "He continued to follow Rabbinic tradition such that later Islamic historians questioned whether he ever 'converted' to Islam."
Jump up ^ Stephen Spector, Evangelicals and Israel:The Story of American Christian Zionism, Oxford University Press, 2008 p. 202.
Jump up ^ Andrew Esensten U.S.-born Knesset candidate, Jeremy Gimpel, and his Dome of the Rock 'joke', Haaretz 20 January 2013.
Jump up ^ Burckhardt, Jacob; Peter Murray; James C. Palmes (1986). The Architecture of the Italian Renaissance. University of Chicago Press. p. 81.
References
Creswell, K.A.C. (1924). The Origin of the Plan of the Dome of the Rock (2 Volumes). London: British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem. OCLC 5862604.
Peterson, Andrew (1994). Dictionary of Islamic Architecture. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-06084-2
Braswell, G. (1996). Islam – Its Prophets, People, Politics and Power. Nashville, TN: Broadman and Holman Publishers.
Clermont-Ganneau, Charles (1899). "Chapter VIII The Kubbet es Sakhra". Archaeological Researches in Palestine During the Years 1873–1874. Volume 1. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. pp. 179–227.
Necipoğlu, Gülru (2008). "The Dome of the Rock as palimpsest: 'Abd al-Malik's grand narrative and Sultan Süleyman's glosses" (PDF). In Necipoğlu, Gülru; Bailey, Julia. Muqarnas: An Annual on the Visual Culture of the Islamic World. Volume 25. Leiden: Brill. pp. 17–105. ISBN 978-900417327-9.
Ali, A. (1946). The Holy Qur’an – Translation and Commentary. Bronx, NY: Islamic Propagation Centre International.
Islam, M. Anwarul; Al-Hamad, Zaid (2007). "The Dome of the Rock: origin of its octagonal plan". Palestine Exploration Quarterly. 139 (2): 109–128. doi:10.1179/003103207x194145.
Christoph Luxenberg: Neudeutung der arabischen Inschrift im Felsendom zu Jerusalem. In: Karl-Heinz Ohlig / Gerd-R. Puin (Hg.): Die dunklen Anfänge. Neue Forschungen zur Entstehung und frühen Geschichte des Islam, Berlin (Verlag Hans Schiler) 2005, S. 124–147. English version: "A New Interpretation of the Arabic Inscription in Jerusalem's Dome of the Rock". In: Karl-Heinz Ohlig / Gerd-R. Puin (eds.): The Hidden Origins of Islam: New Research into Its Early History, Amherst, N.Y. (Prometheus Books) 2010
Vogüé, Melchior de (1864). Le Temple de Jérusalem : monographie du Haram-ech-Chérif, suivie d'un essai sur la topographie de la Ville-sainte (in French). Paris: Noblet & Baudry.
Further reading
Grabar, Oleg (2006). The Dome of the Rock. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press. ISBN 978-0-674-02313-0.
Flood, Finbarr B. (2000). "The Ottoman windows in the Dome of the Rock and the Aqsa Mosque" (PDF). In Auld, Sylvia; Hillenbrand, Robert. Ottoman Jerusalem: The Living City: 1517–1917. Volume 1. London: Altajir World of Islam Trust. pp. 431–463. ISBN 978-1-901435-03-0.
Kessler, Christel (1964). "Above the ceiling of the outer ambulatory in the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (3/4): 83–94. JSTOR 25202759.
Kessler, Christel (1970). "'Abd Al-Malik's inscription in the Dome of the Rock: a reconsideration". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (1): 2–14. JSTOR 25203167.
Richmond, Ernest Tatham (1924). The Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem: A Description of its Structure and Decoration. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
St. Laurent, Beatrice (1998). "The Dome of the Rock and the politics of restoration". Bridgewater Review. 17 (2): 14–20.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dome of the Rock.
"Qubba al-Sakhra, Jerusalem". Archnet Digital Archive.
Dome of the Rock Sacred sites
The Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem Masterpieces of Islamic Architecture
Ochs, Christoph (2010). "Dome of the Rock". Bibledex in Israel. Brady Haran for the University of Nottingham.
Allen, Terry (2014). "The Marble Revetment of the Piers of the Dome of the Rock". Occidental, CA: Solipsist Press. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
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