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A Nightingale Sang in Berkeley Square
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For the film, see A Nightingale Sang in Berkeley Square (film).
An illuminated wire sculpture of a nightingale, displayed in London's Berkeley Square as part of Lumiere London 2018, an art festival. The sculpture and the accompanying soundtrack A Nightingale Sang in Berkeley Square formed an art installation titled 'Was that a dream?' by a French artist Cédric Le Borgne.[1]
"A Nightingale Sang in Berkeley Square" is a romantic British popular song written in 1939 with lyrics by Eric Maschwitz and music by Manning Sherwin.
Contents
[hide]
1 Setting
2 Composition
3 Recordings and performances
4 References
5 External links
Setting[edit]
Berkeley Square (pronounced "Bar-klee") is a large leafy square in Mayfair, an expensive part of London. The Ritz Hotel referred to is also in Mayfair.[2]
The nightingale, a rare native songbird, is celebrated in literature and music for the beauty of its song. It favours rural habitats, and is unlikely to be heard in Central London.[3]
Composition[edit]
The song was written in the then small French fishing village of Le Lavandou—now a favourite resort for British holidaymakers and second-home owners—shortly before the outbreak of the Second World War.[4] According to Maschwitz, the title was "stolen" from a story by Michael Arlen. The song had its first performance in the summer of 1939 in a local bar, where the melody was played on piano by Manning Sherwin with the help of the resident saxophonist. Maschwitz sang the words while holding a glass of wine, but nobody seemed impressed.[5] In the spring of 2002, an attempt was made to find the bar where this song was first performed: it was hoped that a blue plaque could be set up. With the help of the local tourist office, elderly residents were questioned, but it proved impossible to identify the venue.[4]
The verse and the additional lyrics to a second chorus were in the song as written, but are rarely sung in recordings (those of Bobby Darin, Mel Torme, Blossom Dearie, Twiggy, Vera Lynn and Rod Stewart being notable exceptions). Twiggy's version was featured in an episode ("Fran's Gotta Have It") of The Nanny.
The song was published in 1940, when it was first performed in the London revue New Faces by Judy Campbell (later the mother of Jane Birkin).[6] In the same year it was also performed by both Ray Noble and then by Vera Lynn. The tune is a recurring theme in the Fritz Lang film Man Hunt (1941).
Recordings and performances[edit]
Early charts hits of the song in the USA were by Glenn Miller, Ray Noble, Guy Lombardo and Sammy Kaye.[7] The Glenn Miller recording (Bluebird 10931) with a Ray Eberle vocal was made in New York City on 11 October 1940. The fluttering clarinet that opens the track and no doubt is meant to suggest the sound of the nightingale began, it seems, with the Miller recording. The opening, using either a clarinet or flute, has been picked up by others including, on this page, the Frank Sinatra recording. The record was first charted on 21 December 1940, peaking at #2.
The song has since become a standard, being recorded by Bing Crosby (recorded 20 December 1940),[8] Frank Sinatra in London in June 1962,[9] Rod Stewart on the 2004 album Stardust: the Great American Songbook 3.[10] Anita O'Day performed it on her 1956 album Anita, re-released in 1962 (V/V6-8483) as This is Anita; the song became part of the jazz singer's repertoire. Nat King Cole sang it on the 1961 album The Touch of Your Lips,[11] Carmen McRae,[12] Perry Como on his 1977 The Best of British album, Stephane Grappelli, Bobby Darin on the 1962 album Oh! Look at Me Now,[13] British comedian Richard Digance in 1979 on both single and LP, Harry Connick Jr. on the 1990 album We Are in Love, The Brian Setzer Orchestra on their eponymous 1994 album, and Sonny Rollins on the 2000 album This Is What I Do.[14] A famous version by The Manhattan Transfer won a Grammy in 1981 for its arranger, Gene Puerling. A version was featured in an early Tom Hanks movie titled Everytime We Say Goodbye released in 1986. The British group the New Vaudeville Band wrote a highly distinctive version in 1966. The veteran British musician Ian Hunter, former vocalist for Mott the Hoople, regularly performs it in his concerts; and it has appeared on two at least of his live recordings.[15] A performance of the song by British actor Robert Lindsay was used as the theme to the British situation comedy series Nightingales.[16] Faryl Smith released a cover of the song on her debut album Faryl in 2009.[17] The song was also sung in the episode "Captain Jack Harkness" on Torchwood. Lyrics from the song were also paraphrased in the 1990 novel Good Omens by Neil Gaiman and Terry Pratchett. The lyrics are spoken and sung by the actor John Le Mesurier on the album What is Going To Become of Us All?.[18]
On 10 July 2005 there was a national celebration of the 60th anniversary of the ending of World War II when the song was sung live to millions by Petula Clark in central London to an audience of veterans and politicians as part of the programme V45 Britain At War: A Nation Remembers.[19]
On 9 May 2015 Katherine Jenkins sang the song at VE Day 70: A Party to Remember at Horse Guards Parade in London.[20]
In 2015, British Comedian Alexander Armstrong performed it on his first album A Year of Songs.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Cédric Le Borgne: Was That a Dream?". visitlondon.com.
Jump up ^ That certain night, the night we met,
There was magic abroad in the air,
There were angels dining at the Ritz
And A Nightingale Sang In Berkeley Square.
Jump up ^ "When a nightingale sang just a few miles from Berkeley Square". Pharmaceutical Journal. 20 May 2010. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Le chant du Rossignol – ou l'étonnante histoire d'une très célèbre chanson anglaise écrite en 1939 au Lavandou", Figure Libre, Reseau Lalan, Le Lavandou (No 14), September 2002
Jump up ^ Maschwitz, Eric (1957). No Chip on my Shoulder. London: Herbert Jenkins Ltd. p. 124.
Jump up ^ Daily Telegraph obituary
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (1986). Joel Whitburn's Pop Memories 1890-1954. Wisconsin, USA: Record Research Inc. p. 558. ISBN 0-89820-083-0.
Jump up ^ "A Bing Crosby Discography". BING magazine. International Club Crosby. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Clarke, Donald (1998). All or nothing at all. London: Pan. p. 323. ISBN 0-330-36772-2.
Jump up ^ allmusic ((( Stardust: The Great American Songbook, Vol. 3 > Review )))
Jump up ^ Nat King Cole Discography at Classic TV Info.
Jump up ^ Carmen McRae FULL Discography[permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Bobby Darin Discography Archived 30 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Sonny Rollins - This Is What I Do Archived 16 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ The Official Ian Hunter Website - Album Discography
Jump up ^ "Nightingales" (1990) - Soundtracks at Internet Movie Database
Jump up ^ Faryl Smith's official website Archived 4 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Dad's Army Discography - LP Records - What Is To Become Of Us All by John Le Mesurier". Home.btconnect.com. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Petula Clark - A Nightingale Sang in Berkeley Square". 10 July 2005. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
Jump up ^ De Peyer, Robin, "VE Day Concert Katherine Jenkins, Pixie Lott, Status Quo Lead Party", The Standard, 9 May 2015. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
External links[edit]
First UK publication of song in UNH archives
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Bobby Hebb
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Bobby Hebb
Bobby Hebb in 1966
Background information
Birth name
Robert Von Hebb
Born
(1938-07-26)July 26, 1938
Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.
Died
August 3, 2010(2010-08-03) (aged 72)
Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.
Occupation(s)
Singer, musician, songwriter, recording artist, performer
Instruments
Vocals, piano, guitar
Years active
1955‒2010
Labels
Cadet, Crystal Ball, Epic, Laurie, Mercury, Philips, Scepter, Tuition
Robert Von "Bobby" Hebb (July 26, 1938 ‒ August 3, 2010)[1] was an American R&B/soul singer, musician, songwriter, recording artist, and performer known for his 1966 hit entitled "Sunny".
Contents
1 Biography
2 Biography film
3 Death
4 References
5 Bibliography
6 External links
Biography[edit]
Hebb was born in Nashville, Tennessee. His parents, William and Ovalla Hebb, were both blind musicians.[2] Hebb and older brother, Harold Hebb, performed as a song-and-dance team in Nashville beginning when Bobby was three and Harold was nine. Hebb performed on a TV show hosted by country music record producer Owen Bradley, which earned him a place with Grand Ole Opry star Roy Acuff.[2] Hebb played spoons and other instruments in Acuff's band. Harold later became a member of Johnny Bragg and the Marigolds. Bobby Hebb sang backup on Bo Diddley's "Diddley Daddy". Hebb played "West-coast-style" trumpet in a United States Navy jazz band, and replaced Mickey Baker in Mickey and Sylvia.[2]
On November 23, 1963, the day after John F. Kennedy's assassination, Bobby Hebb's brother, Harold, was killed in a knife fight outside a Nashville nightclub. Hebb was devastated by both events and sought comfort in songwriting. Though many claim that the song he wrote after both tragedies was the optimistic "Sunny", Hebb himself stated otherwise. He immersed himself in the Gerald Wilson album, You Better Believe It!, for comfort.
All my intentions were just to think of happier times – basically looking for a brighter day – because times were at a low tide. After I wrote it, I thought "Sunny" just might be a different approach to what Johnny Bragg was talking about in "Just Walkin' in the Rain".[citation needed]
"Sunny" was recorded in New York City after demos were made with the record producer Jerry Ross. Released as a single in 1966, "Sunny" reached No. 3 on the R&B charts, No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100, and No. 12 in the United Kingdom.[2][3][4] When Hebb toured with The Beatles in 1966 his "Sunny" was, at the time of the tour, ranked higher than any Beatles song then on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.[citation needed] BMI rated "Sunny" number 25 in its "Top 100 songs of the century".
In 1976, Hebb released a newly recorded disco version entitled "Sunny '76". The single was a minor hit reaching No. 94 on the R&B chart.
Hebb also had lesser hits with his "A Satisfied Mind" in 1966 (No. 39 on the Billboard chart and No. 40 on the R&B chart) and "Love Me" in 1967 (No. 84),[3] and wrote many other songs, including Lou Rawls' 1971 hit "A Natural Man" (co-written with comedian Sandy Baron). Six years prior to "Sunny", Hebb reached the New York City Top 50 with a remake of Roy Acuff's "Night Train to Memphis". In 1972, his single "Love Love Love" reached No. 32 on the UK charts.[4]
After a recording gap of 35 years, Hebb recorded That's All I Wanna Know, his first commercial release since Love Games for Epic Records in 1970. It was released in Europe in late 2005 by Tuition, a pop indie label. Two new duet versions of "Sunny" were issued, one with Astrid North and the other with Pat Appleton. In October 2008, he toured and played in Osaka and Tokyo in Japan.
Biography film[edit]
Ipanema Films of Germany was involved in a biographical film which included Hebb, his biographer Joseph Tortelli, and Billy Cox.
Death[edit]
Hebb continued to live in his hometown of Nashville, Tennessee, until his death in 2010, at age 72. On August 3, 2010, Hebb died from lung cancer while being treated at TriStar Centennial Medical Center located in Nashville."[5] He is interred at Nashville's Spring Hill Cemetery.[6]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Умер автор песни "Sunny": Культура". Lenta.ru. Retrieved 2015-08-19.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Murrells, Joseph (1978). The Book of Golden Discs (2nd ed.). London: Barrie and Jenkins Ltd. p. 205. ISBN 0-214-20512-6.
^ Jump up to: a b Whitburn, Joel (2003). Top Pop Singles 1955–2002 (1st ed.). Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin: Record Research Inc. p. 309. ISBN 0-89820-155-1.
^ Jump up to: a b Betts, Graham (2004). Complete UK Hit Singles 1952–2004 (1st ed.). London: Collins. p. 350. ISBN 0-00-717931-6.
Jump up ^ "Bobby Hebb, singer of 1966 hit "Sunny", dies at 72". Associated Press story. MSNBC. August 3, 2010. Retrieved August 3, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Bobby Hebb buried at Spring Hill Cemetery in Nashville, Tennessee". findagrave.com. Retrieved January 8, 2014.
Bibliography[edit]
Cooper, Daniel (1998). "Bobby Hebb". In The Encyclopedia of Country Music. Paul Kingsbury, Editor. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 235, ISBN 978-0195176087
External links[edit]
Official website
Bobby Hebb at AllMusic
Bobby Hebb discography at Discogs
Bobby Hebb interview on Nashville Scene
That's All I Wanna Know on Tuition Records, Germany
Bobby Hebb at Find a Grave
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
BNE: XX975725
BNF: cb139532818 (data)
GND: 13440095X
ISNI: 0000 0000 8159 7793
LCCN: n94061327
MusicBrainz: d21d85ff-c0d5-4c50-a1be-93438e5d7c60
SNAC: w6ht5t3x
VIAF: 79607573
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bobby_Hebb&oldid=835161142"
Categories:
1938 births
2010 deaths
Musicians from Nashville, Tennessee
African-American singer-songwriters
African-American songwriters
American singer-songwriters
American male singers
American singers
Deaths from cancer in Tennessee
Deaths from lung cancer
Singers from Nashville, Tennessee
Smash Records artists
Philips Records artists
Burials in Tennessee
Songwriters from Tennessee
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Carlos Valdes (actor)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Carlos Valdes
Valdes at Wondercon
Born
(1989-04-20) April 20, 1989 (age 28)
Santiago de Cali, Colombia
Nationality
American
Colombian
Education
Pebblebrook High School (Mableton, Georgia), 2007[1]
Alma mater
University of Michigan (2011)[1]
Occupation
Actor
singer
Musical career
Genres
Soul
funk
R&B
pop
Instruments
Vocals
guitar
piano
bass guitar
Carlos David Valdes (born April 20, 1989) is a Colombian-American actor and singer, known for playing the role of Cisco Ramon / Vibe on The CW television series The Flash and other Arrowverse-related series.
Contents
[hide]
1 Biography
2 Filmography
3 References
4 External links
Biography[edit]
Valdes moved to Miami from Colombia at the age of 5, then moved again to Marietta, Georgia at the age of 12.[1][2] He studied at the University of Michigan with actors from the theater group StarKid Productions.[3]
After graduating in 2011, Valdes became entirely devoted to theater. Between 2009 and 2011, he participated in theatrical productions like High School Musical and The Wedding Singer. He also was a stand-in in the national tour of Jersey Boys.[1]
From March 2013 to March 2014, he played the role of Andrej in the musical Once,[4] in which he also performed on piano, guitar, ukulele, bass and percussion. In 2013, the musical was nominated for a Tony Award.[citation needed]
In 2014, Valdes made his television debut in the American series Arrow, before appearing in the spin-off series, The Flash, as a series regular in the role of Francisco "Cisco" Ramón/Vibe,[5] an engineering genius. Cisco is part of the S.T.A.R. Labs team, along with Dr. Harrison Wells and Dr. Caitlin Snow, that help Barry Allen with his superpowers.
In June 2015, Valdes lent his voice to Cisco Ramon in the animated web series Vixen.[6]
Filmography[edit]
Television roles
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2014–2016 Arrow Cisco Ramon Recurring role, 5 episodes
2014–present The Flash Cisco Ramon / Vibe[a] Main role
2015–2016 Vixen Cisco Ramon Web series; voice role; 2 episodes
2016–2017 DC's Legends of Tomorrow Cisco Ramon 3 episodes
2016–2017 Supergirl Cisco Ramon 2 episodes
2017 Freedom Fighters: The Ray Cisco Ramon Web series; voice role
Jump up ^ Is also credited as Reverb and Pablo.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d "The Marietta Daily Journal – Pebblebrook grad goes back in time with 'Jersey Boys'". Marietta Daily Journal. 8 May 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
Jump up ^ Sarabia, Martha (October 6, 2014). "Súper héroe The Flash necesita a actor latino". La Opinión (in Spanish). Retrieved April 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ "'My Dick' Rises To Become First Charting Student Musical". Billboard. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
Jump up ^ Valdes, Carlos. "Carlos Valdes". Playbill Vault. Playbill. Retrieved May 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ Montes, Jason. "Broadway Actor Carlos Valdes Will Be Shaking Things Up On 'The Flash' As Vibe". sciencefiction.com. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ Lam, Steve. "SDCC 2015: Comic-Con Schedule For Saturday, July 11, 2015". bamsmackpow.com. Retrieved June 28, 2015.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Carlos Valdes.
Carlos Valdes on IMDb
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Chessboard
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Not to be confused with cheese board.
A wooden chessboard with Staunton pieces
A chessboard is the type of chequerboard used in the board game chess, over which the chess pieces are laid. It's usually square in shape, with a peculiar pattern of alternating two colours between its subdivisions. Wooden boards may use naturally light and dark brown woods, while plastic and vinyl boards often use brown or green for the dark squares and shades such as buff or cream for the light squares. Materials vary widely; while wooden boards are generally used in high-level games; vinyl, plastic, and cardboard are common for low-level and informal play. Decorative glass and marble boards are available but rarely accepted for games rated by national or international chess federations.
In western chess the board has a squared shape, with its side being divided into eight parts, resulting in a total of sixty-four subdivisions. In other variants, the total number of subdivisions may range from nine to one hundred and twelve. Each subdivision of the board is called a square and receives a unique identification to be used in chess notation, which may be descriptive, algebraic, or numeric. In two-dimensional boards, each horizontal rectilinear array of squares is called a rank, each vertical rectilinear array of squares is called a file, and each line of squares of the same colour touching corner to corner is called a diagonal.
Contents
1 History and evolution
2 Manufacture
3 Board notation
4 Boards and variants of chess
5 Other representations
6 Gallery
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
History and evolution[edit]
a b c d e f g h
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a b c d e f g h
Ashtāpada board on which Chaturanga was also played.
Board games have been known since ancient history, with the oldest records being paintings in mastabas of the First and Third Dynasties of Egypt (3100-2700 BC).[1] The first known version of chess appeared around the 6th century in India and was called Chaturanga, played on a board of the game Ashtapada.[2] This board was monochromatic and divided into eight columns by eight rows, with special marks called castles in the first, fourth, fifth, and eighth squares of the a, d, e, and h columns, which served a function in Ashtapada, but not in Chaturanga.[3]
After arriving in Ancient Persia, the board was adapted to the new variants of chess, in which more columns and rows were included. One of the variants of the time, Tamerlane chess, had eleven columns by ten rows and two extra squares to the right side of the second row of the player, called citadels, which held a special function in the game.[4]
In the 10th century, chess arrived in Europe and the board acquired its characteristic recognisable chequered pattern[5] used at the time in Draughts, which had a smaller 5x5 board.[6] This change proved particularly useful for diagonal movements, now highlighted by the continuous sequence of same-coloured squares in the diagonals, facilitating the movement of the recently-added Bishop and Queen.[7]
The Libro de los juegos (1283) contains a description of the chessboard, mentioning eight rows and columns as the ideal number, with the 10x10 board being too tiresome and the 6x6 board being too quick for the practice of chess.[8] Other innovations of the time were cylindrical boards for the practice of variants such as cylinder chess[9] and the convention that the first square of the far right column should be light-coloured, endorsed by Pedro Damiano in the end of the 15th century.[10] More recently, some varieties have employed three-dimensional boards, in which the third dimension is usually another two-dimensional board. The Raumschach variant utilises five boards of twenty-five squares each, totalising 125 squares.[11] Another noteworthy variant, Star Trek Chess, utilises an ingenious board of sixty-four squares divided into seven levels.[12]
In 2003, the ex-world champion Garry Kasparov faced the chess engine X3D Fritz in a series of four matches in a virtual environment, where the computer-generated board hovered in the air in front of Kasparov, who used special glasses. As such, this was the first man-machine game of chess performed in a completely simulated environment.[13]
Manufacture[edit]
Chessboards have been made from numerous materials over the years, such as ebony, ivory, marble, metal, glass, and plastic. They can also be found as decorative elements in plazas, gardens, and living rooms.
For international or continental championships, FIDE's orientations say wood boards should be used. For other FIDE tournaments, wood, plastic, or carton boards may be used, and the board must be rigid in all instances. It may also be made of marble, as long as there is an appropriate contrast between the light and dark squares. The finishing should be neutral or frosted but never shiny. The squares should be from 5 to 6.5 cm in length and the proportion between the squares and the pieces should be so that the side of a square is twice the diameter of a Pawn's base. If the table and the board are two separate pieces, the latter must be fixed as to avoid its movement during the match.[14]
Board notation[edit]
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A chessboard diagram with algebraic notation, generally used for printing or computer displays.
Main article: Chess notation
In modern commentary, the files are labelled by the letters a to h from left to right from the white player's point of view, and the ranks by the numbers 1 to 8, with 1 being closest to the white player, thus providing a standard notation called algebraic chess notation. Each square on the board has a name from a1 to h8.[15]
In older English commentary, the files are labelled by the piece originally occupying its first rank (e.g. queen, king's rook, queen's bishop), and ranks by the numbers 1 to 8 from each player's point of view, depending on the move being described. This is called descriptive chess notation and is no longer commonly used.
Numeric notation assigns numbers to both files and ranks, with rank 1 being the one closest to the player with the white pieces. The file leftmost to the white player (a in algebraic notation and QR in descriptive notation) is file one and the rightmost to them (h in algebraic notation and KR in descriptive notation) is file eight.
Boards and variants of chess[edit]
Chessboards during a match of Bughouse.
Spatial position of the boards in Raumschach.
The usage of chessboards with various shapes goes back to the Persian origins of the game in the 10th century, when the book Muraj adh-dhahab (Board of the Gods) described six different variants of chess, including circular and cylindrical chess.[16] Another exotic format is used in hexagonal chess, which utilises a hexagonal board with three different colours for its 91 squares.
Boards of different sizes have also been used since the 10th century, with one of the first records being Tamerlane chess, with eleven columns by ten rows. The game originated in Persia and its board contains a peculiar element in the form of the addition of a square to the right of the second row of each player, called a citadel, and which served the purpose of being a refuge for the King and in some cases reaching a draw.[4] Due to the widespread creation of new variants, a wide variety of sizes can be found. In 1617, Pietro Carrera proposed a variant that received his name, Carrera's Chess, with a 10x8 board, later used in other variants such as Capablanca Chess and Gothic Chess. Other sizes, with ten rows and ten columns, are used in Omega Chess and Grand Chess. Los Alamos chess, on the other hand, uses a smaller board with 36 squares.[17]
Shogi and Janggi, the Japanese and Korean variants of chess respectively, also have different sizes. The former employs a board with nine columns by nine rows, while the latter uses one with eight columns by nine rows.[18] In both Janggi and Xiangqi the pieces move through the edges of the squares and the board has other components. In these boards, the d1, e1, d2, and e2 squares, for the whites, and the d7, e7, d8, and e8 squares, for the blacks, are called a Palace or a Fortress and have the function of restricting the movement of the King to this area. Additionally, in Xiangqi there is a space between the fourth and fifth rows, called a Celestial River, which restricts the movement of some pieces such as the Elephant.[19][20]
Many varieties of chess also use more than a single chessboard per match, for different reasons. Bughouse chess, for example, is played by four players disputing two simultaneous matches in separate boards.[21] Alice Chess is a popular variant which, although can be played in a single chessboard, is usually played in two to facilitate the movement of pieces between the boards.[22] Other variants such as Raumschach utilise extra boards to simulate the third dimension. While Raumschach uses five boards, extending the game's third dimension through five squares, other variants may use from one to seven extra boards.[11] Star Trek Chess uses an ingenious board with movable parts divided into seven levels. In the initial position each player occupies two of the small movable boards with four squares used for attacking. The whites start in the lower level, using attack boards connected to this level and the first two rows of the board, while the blacks start at the top, using the attack boards and first two rows of the third level.[12]
Other representations[edit]
Illustration from the book Through the Looking-Glass by Lewis Carroll, where the chessboard represents an immense country that Alice must traverse.
The game of chess has been represented in the arts since its origin in Asia. Chessboards usually had considerable artistic value, being made of noble materials such as ebony and ivory, and in large sizes. Many of these pieces were offered to churches as relics. The book Liber miraculorum sancte Fidis tells a story in which a nobleman, after miraculously escaping from prison, is forced to carry a chessboard until a sanctuary as gesture of gratitude. However, more frequently there are stories in which the chessboard is used as a weapon. The French tale of Ogier the Dane reports how the son of Charlemagne brutally kills one of Ogier's sons with a chessboard after losing a match, although there are no evidences confirming the veracity of the story.[23]
In 1250 a sermon called Quaedam moralitas de scaccario per Innocentium papum (The Innocent Morality) showed the world as being represented by a chessboard, with the white and black squares representing the two conditions of life and death or praise and censure over which the pieces, representing humanity, would confront each other in the adversities of the game, symbolising life.
Due to its simple geometry, the chessboard grid is often used in mathematical puzzles or problems unrelated to chess. Examples include the wheat and chessboard problem, the mutilated chessboard problem, and the angel problem.
Gallery[edit]
A chessboard is often painted or engraved on a chess table
A folding wooden chessboard
A Swedish competition standard chessboard made of masonite
DGT Electronic Chessboard that autosenses moves and interfaces to chess clock and computers
A decorative chessboard made of glass
A portable green and buff vinyl rollup board
A portable green and white mousepad style board designed to lie perfectly flat
Social play on a vinyl board in a park in Kiev
A board of Circular chess, one of the many variants of traditional chess
Cylinder chess, another variant of traditional chess
Hexagonal chess is a variant with a hexagonal board created by Władysław Gliński
Chessboard adapted to visually impaired people
See also[edit]
Board representation (chess)
Chess set
Rules of chess
White and Black in chess
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Piccione, Peter A. (1980). "In Search of the Meaning of Senet" (PDF). Archaeology. 33: 55–58.
Jump up ^ Hooper (1992), p.173
Jump up ^ Wilkins, Sally E. D. (2002). Sports and Games of Medieval Cultures. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 46–48.
^ Jump up to: a b Cazaux, Jean-Louis. "Tamerlane Chess". Retrieved July 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ Yalom 2004, p. 17.
Jump up ^ "The Checkered History of Checkers". Retrieved July 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ Hooper & Whyld 1992, p. 48.
Jump up ^ Yalom 2004, p. 62.
Jump up ^ Hooper & Whyld 1992, p. 100.
Jump up ^ Hooper & Whyld 1992, p. 47.
^ Jump up to: a b "Raumschach". Retrieved July 5, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "3D Chess from Star Trek". Retrieved July 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Kasparov versus X3D Fritz".
Jump up ^ "Standards of Chess Equipment and tournament venue for FIDE Tournaments".
Jump up ^ Just, Tim; Burg, Daniel B. (2003). United States Chess Federation's Official Rules of Chess (Fifth ed.). Random House Puzzles & Games. p. 227. ISBN 0-8129-3559-4. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
Jump up ^ "Earliest books of chess". Retrieved October 24, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Carrera's Chess". Retrieved July 6, 2018.
Jump up ^ Hooper & Whyld 1992, p. 369.
Jump up ^ Hooper & Whyld 1992, p. 78.
Jump up ^ "Origins of chess". Retrieved July 6, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Bughouse Chess". Retrieved July 6, 2018.
Jump up ^ Hooper & Whyld 1992, p. 11.
Jump up ^ Yalom 2004, p. 84-85.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chessboards.
Standards of Chess Equipment FIDE
Weisstein, Eric W. "Chessboard". MathWorld.
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values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
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values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: رقعة الشطرنج – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bs
display: none;

values:
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escaquer
Escaquer – Catalan
ca
ca
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values: Шахмат хăми – Chuvash

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interlanguage-link interwiki-cv
display: none;

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https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malelaud
Malelaud – Estonian
et
et
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values: Σκακιέρα – Greek

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

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interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values: صفحه شطرنج – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: לוח שחמט – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-la
display: none;

values: Шаховска табла – Macedonian

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interlanguage-link interwiki-mk
display: none;

values: Шатрын хөлөг – Mongolian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nds
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values: Шахматная доска – Russian

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interlanguage-link interwiki-sk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sl
display: none;

values: تەختەی شەتڕەنج – Central Kurdish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb
display: none;

values: Шаховска табла – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values: சதுரங்கப்பலகை – Tamil

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ta
display: none;

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interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values: Шахівниця – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: تختہ شطرنج – Urdu

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interlanguage-link interwiki-vec
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-diq
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Chessboard rootpage-Chessboard skin-vector action-view