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Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo
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This article is about the Mission San Carlos Borromeo del río Carmelo in Carmel-by-the-Sea. For the Cathedral of San Carlos Borromeo in Monterey, see Cathedral of San Carlos Borromeo.
Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo
The façade of the capilla (chapel) at
Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo.
Location in the Monterey Peninsula
Location
3080 Rio Rd.Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, 93923
Coordinates
36°32′34″N 121°55′7″W / 36.54278°N 121.91861°W / 36.54278; -121.91861Coordinates: 36°32′34″N 121°55′7″W / 36.54278°N 121.91861°W / 36.54278; -121.91861
Name as founded
La Misión San Carlos Borromeo del Río Carmelo [1]
English translation
The Mission of Saint Charles Borromeo of the Carmel River
Patron
Saint Charles Borromeo [2]
Nickname(s)
"Father of the Alta California Missions" [3]
Founding date
June 3, 1770 [4]
Founding priest(s)
Father Presidente Junípero Serra[5]
Founding Order
Second [2]
Headquarters of the Alta California Mission System
1771–1815; 1819–1824;
1827–1830 [6]
Military district
Third [7]
Native tribe(s)
Spanish name(s)
Esselen, Ohlone
Costeño
Native place name(s)
Ekheya [8]
Baptisms
3,827 [9]
Marriages
1,032 [9]
Burials
2,837 [9]
Secularized
1834 [2]
Returned to the Church
1859 [2]
Governing body
Roman Catholic Diocese of Monterey
Current use
Parish Church/Minor Basilica
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Official name: Carmel Mission
Designated
October 15, 1966[10]
Reference no.
66000214[10]
U.S. National Historic Landmark
Designated
October 9, 1960[11]
California Historical Landmark
Reference no.
135[12]
Website
http://carmelmission.org
Mission San Carlos Borromeo del río Carmelo, also known as the Carmel Mission or Mission Carmel, is a Roman Catholic mission church in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. It is on the National Register of Historic Places and a U.S. National Historic Landmark. The mission was the headquarters of the Alta California missions headed by Saint Junípero Serra from 1770 until his death in 1784. It was also the seat of the second presidente, Father Fermin Francisco de Lasuen.
The mission buildings and lands were secularized by the Mexican government in 1833, and had fallen into disrepair by the mid-19th century. They were partially restored beginning in 1884.[13][14] In 1886 it was transferred from the Franciscans to the local diocese and has continued as a parish church since then. It is the only one of the California Missions to have its original bell tower dome.[citation needed]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Relocation to Carmel
1.2 Indian baptism and conscription
1.3 Secularized and abandoned
1.4 Restoration
2 Modern use
2.1 Vandalism
3 Notable interments
4 See also
5 Notes
6 References
6.1 Bibliography
7 External links
History[edit]
"The Mission of St. Carlos near Monterrey" in 1792, from: "A Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific Ocean and Round the World" by Captain George Vancouver.
The mission in ruins circa 1883. Photo by Carleton Watkins
The San Carlos Mission circa 1893.
Mission Carmel is the second mission built by Franciscan missionaries in Upper California. It was first established as Mission San Carlos Borromeo in Monterey, California near the native village of Tamo on June 3, 1770. It was named for Carlo Borromeo, Archbishop of Milan, Italy. It was the site of the first Christian confirmation in Alta California.[5] When the mission moved, the original building continued to operate as the Royal Presidio chapel and later became the current Cathedral of San Carlos Borromeo.
Relocation to Carmel[edit]
Pedro Fages, who served as military governor of Alta California between 1770 and 1774, kept his headquarters at the Presidio of Monterey, the capital of Alta California. He worked his men very harshly and was seen as a tyrant. Serra intervened on behalf of Fages' soldiers, and the two men did not get along.[15][16] The soldiers raped the Indian woman and kept them as concubines.[15] Serra wanted to put some distance between the missions neophytes and Fages' soldiers.
Serra found that the land near the mouth of the Carmel River (named Río del Carmelo by Vizcaíno in 1603[17]) was better suited for farming.[18] In May 1771, Spain's viceroy approved Serra's petition to relocate the mission to its current location, near the Carmelo River.[notes 1]
The name of the relocated mission was extended to Mission San Carlos Borromeo del Río Carmelo. It was within a short distance of the Rumsen Ohlone villages of Tucutnut and Achasta. The latter village may have been founded after Mission San Carlos was relocated to Carmel. The mission was about 10 miles (16 km) from the nearest Esselen territory, Excelen.[19] On May 9, 1775, Junípero Serra baptized what appears to be the first Esselen, Pach-hepas, who was the 40-year-old chief of the Excelen. His baptism took place at Xasáuan, 10 leagues (about 26 miles (42 km)) southeast of the mission, in an area now named Cachagua, a close approximation of the Esselen name.[19]
Indian baptism and conscription[edit]
After the Carmel mission was moved to Carmel Valley, the Franciscans began to baptize some natives.[20] By the end of 1771, the population of mission was 15 with an additional 22 baptized Indians, out of a total population of northern California of 60.[18] Farming was not very productive and for several years the mission was dependent upon the arrival of supply ships.[18] Historian Jame Culleton wrote in 1950, "The summer of '73 came without bringing the supply ship. Neither Carmel nor Monterey was anything like self-supporting."[18] To improve baptismal rates, they sought to convert key members of the Esselen and Rumsen tribes, including chiefs. This persuaded some Indians to follow them to the mission.
The Esselen and Ohlone Indians who lived near the mission were baptized and then forcibly relocated and conscripted into forced labor as plowmen, shepherds, cattle herders, blacksmiths, and carpenters on the mission. Disease, starvation, overwork, and torture decimated these tribes.[21]:114 Native neophyte laborers made the adobe bricks, roof tiles and tools needed to build the mission. In the beginning, the mission relied on bear meat from Mission San Antonio de Padua and supplies brought by ship from Mission San Diego de Alcalá. In 1794, the population reached its peak of 927, but by 1823 the total had dwindled to 381.[citation needed] There was extensive "comingling of the Costanoan with peoples of different linguistic and cultural background during the mission period."[20]
On November 20, 1818, French privateer Hipólito Bouchard raided the nearby Monterey Presidio before moving on to other Spanish installations in the south.
Secularized and abandoned[edit]
The mission was secularized by the newly independent Mexican government in August 1833 with the stipulation that half the mission lands would be awarded to the native people. This purpose was largely subverted however. The priests could not maintain the missions without the Indians' forced labor and they were soon abandoned. The Indians drifted from the mission. Some found work on farms and ranches in exchange for room and board.[citation needed]
Restoration[edit]
The Carmel Mission was in ruins when the Roman Catholic Church regained control of the mission building and the land in 1863. In 1884 Father Angel Casanova began to restore the mission building. In 1931 Monsignor Philip Scher appointed Harry Downie as the curator in charge of mission restoration. Two years later, the church transferred the mission from the Franciscans to the local diocese and it became a regular parish church. In 1960, the mission was designated as a minor basilica by Pope John XXIII. Downie labored for virtually the rest of his life to restore the mission, ancillary buildings and walls, and the grounds. In 1987, Pope John Paul II visited the mission as part of his U.S. tour.[22][23]
"Mission Carmel", as it came to be known, was Serra's favorite[24] and, because it was close to Monterey, the capital of Alta California, he chose it as his headquarters. When he died on August 28, 1784, he was interred beneath the chapel floor.
Modern use[edit]
The basilica nave.
As a result of Downie's dedicated efforts to restore the buildings, the Carmel mission church is one of the most authentically restored of all the mission churches in California. Mission Carmel has been designated a National Historic Landmark by the National Park Service. It is an active parish church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Monterey.[25]
In addition to its activity as a place of worship, Mission Carmel also hosts concerts, art exhibits, lectures and numerous other community events. In 1986, then-pastor Monsignor Eamon MacMahon acquired a magnificent Casavant Frères organ complete with horizontal trumpets. Its hand-painted casework is decorated with elaborate carvings and statuary reflecting the Spanish decorative style seen on the main altar.
The mission also serves as a museum, preserving its own history and the history of the area. There are four specific museum galleries: the Harry Downie Museum, describing restoration efforts; the Munras Family Heritage Museum, describing the history of one of the most important area families; the Jo Mora Chapel Gallery, hosting rotating art exhibits as well as the monumental bronze and travertine cenotaph (1924) sculpted by Jo Mora;[26] and the Convento Museum, which holds the cell Serra lived and died in, as well as interpretive exhibits. At one end of the museum is a special chapel room containing some of the vestments used by Serra.[27][28][29]
The mission grounds are also the location of the Junipero Serra School, a private Catholic school for kindergartners through 8th grade.[30]
Vandalism[edit]
On September 27, 2015, in response to Serra's canonization, the San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo Mission was vandalized. The statue of Serra was toppled and splattered with paint, and the cemetery, the mission doors, a fountain, and a crucifix were as well. The message "Saint of Genocide" was put on Serra's tomb, and similar messages were painted elsewhere in the mission courtyard.[31][32]
Notable interments[edit]
Junípero Serra's grave inside the church
Several notable people are buried in the church and churchyard.
Juan Crespí (1721–1782), Spanish missionary and explorer
Fermín Lasuén (1736–1803), Spanish missionary and explorer
José Antonio Roméu, (1742? – 1792) Spanish governor of California
Junípero Serra (1713–1784), founder of the Spanish missions in California and Saint
See also[edit]
Spanish missions in California
Cathedral of San Carlos Borroméo (aka Royal Presidio Chapel), Monterey, California
USNS Mission Carmel (AO-113), a Buenaventura Class fleet oiler built during World War II.
USNS Mission San Carlos (AO-120), a Buenaventura Class fleet oiler built during World War II.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Smith, p. 18: The mission was established in the new location on August 1, 1771; the first mass was celebrated on August 24, and Serra officially took up residence in the newly constructed buildings on December 24.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Leffingwell, p. 113
^ Jump up to: a b c d Krell, p. 83
Jump up ^ Ruscin, p. 25
Jump up ^ Yenne, p. 33
^ Jump up to: a b Ruscin, p. 196
Jump up ^ Yenne, p. 186
Jump up ^ Forbes, p. 202
Jump up ^ Ruscin, p. 195
^ Jump up to: a b c Krell, p. 315: as of December 31, 1832; information adapted from Engelhardt's Missions and Missionaries of California.
^ Jump up to: a b National Park Service (2010-07-09). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
Jump up ^ NHL Summary Archived 2008-06-21 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo". Office of Historic Preservation, California State Parks. Retrieved 2012-11-23.
Jump up ^ Dillon, James (September 4, 1976). "Mission San Carlos De Borromeo Del Rio Carmelo" (pdf). National Register of Historic Places – Inventory Nomination Form. National Park Service. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
Jump up ^ "Mission San Carlos De Borromeo Del Rio Carmelo" (pdf). Photographs. National Park Service. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Walton, John (2003). Storied Land: Community and Memory in Monterey. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press. p. 15ff. ISBN 9780520935679. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
Jump up ^ Paddison, p. 23: Fages regarded the Spanish installations in California as military institutions first, and religious outposts second.
Jump up ^ Clark, Donald Thomas. 1991. Monterey County Place Names: a Geographical Dictionary. Carmel Valley, Calif: Kestrel Press.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Breschini, Ph.D., Gary S. (2000). "Mission San Carlos Borromeo (Carmel)". Monterey County Historical Museum. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Breschini, Gary S.; Trudy Haversat. "A Brief Overview of the Esselen Indians of Monterey County". Monterey County Historical Society. Retrieved November 3, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Native Americans of San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo". California Missions Resource Center. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
Jump up ^ Pritzker, Barry M. (2000). A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples. Oxford [u.a.]: Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0-19-513877-1.
Jump up ^ carmelmission.org, Mission History
Jump up ^ "Carmel Mission, Junipero Serra's favorite place". See California. See California. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Gondosch, Linda. "Carmel Mission in California". American History Tales (blog). Wordpress. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo". missionscalifornia.com.
Jump up ^ Edwards, Robert W. (2012). Jennie V. Cannon: The Untold History of the Carmel and Berkeley Art Colonies, Vol. 1. Oakland, Calif.: East Bay Heritage Project. pp. 523–525, 690. ISBN 9781467545679. An online facsimile of the entire text of Vol. 1 is posted on the Traditional Fine Arts Organization website ( "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-04-29. Retrieved 2016-06-07. ).
Jump up ^ "Museum – Carmelmission". www.carmelmission.org.
Jump up ^ "Mission San Carlos de Borromeo de Carmelo". athanasius.com.
Jump up ^ "Californias-Missions.org: Mission San Carlos". californias-missions.org.
Jump up ^ "Junipero Serra School". juniperoserra.org.
Jump up ^ Liam Stack, "Vandals Desecrate Carmel Mission Where Junípero Serra Is Buried", New York Times, September 28, 2015, http://mobile.nytimes.com/2015/09/29/us/carmel-california-junipero-serra-pope-francis-vandalism.html.
Jump up ^ "statue of st junipero serra defaced at californias carmel mission".
Bibliography[edit]
Forbes, Alexander (1839). California: A History of Upper and Lower California. Smith, Elder and Co., Cornhill, London.
Jones, Terry L. and Kathryn A. Klar (eds.) (2007). California Prehistory: Colonization, Culture, and Complexity. AltaMira Press, Landham, MD. ISBN 0-7591-0872-2. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Krell, Dorothy (ed.) (1979). The California Missions: A Pictorial History. Sunset Publishing Corporation, Menlo Park, CA. ISBN 0-376-05172-8. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Leffingwell, Randy (2005). California Missions and Presidios: The History & Beauty of the Spanish Missions. Voyageur Press, Stillwater, MN. ISBN 0-89658-492-5.
Paddison, Joshua (ed.) (1999). A World Transformed: Firsthand Accounts of California Before the Gold Rush. Heyday Books, Berkeley, CA. ISBN 1-890771-13-9. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Ruscin, Terry (1999). Mission Memoirs. Sunbelt Publications, San Diego, CA. ISBN 0-932653-30-8.
Smith, Frances Rand (1921). The Architectural History of Mission San Carlos Borromeo, California. California Historical Survey Commission, Berkeley, CA.
Vancouver, George (1801). A Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific Ocean and Round the World, Volume III. Printed for John Stockdale, Piccadilly, London.
Yenne, Bill (2004). The Missions of California. Advantage Publishers Group, San Diego, CA. ISBN 978-0811836944.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo.
Official Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo website
Elevation & Site Layout sketches of the Mission proper
Early photographs, sketches, land surveys of Carmel Mission, via Calisphere, California Digital Library
Listing and photographs at the Historic American Buildings Survey
Howser, Huell (December 8, 2000). "California Missions (105)". California Missions. Chapman University Huell Howser Archive.
Photographs of the mission and courtyard
Carmel Mission Cemetery at Find a Grave
U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo
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Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo
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Coins of the Australian dollar
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Coins of the Australian dollar were introduced on 14 February 1966, although they did not at that time include one-dollar or two-dollar coins. The dollar was equivalent in value to 10 shillings in the former currency (half of a pound).
Contents
[hide]
1 Regular coinage
1.1 Table
2 Commemorative coins
3 Collectable coins
4 See also
5 Notes
6 References and further reading
Regular coinage[edit]
Play media
'Design of the new decimal currency' first broadcast by the ABC in 1964.
The circular 1966 fifty-cent coin.
Produced by the Royal Australian Mint, all current coins portray Her Majesty Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia, on the obverse, with the present effigy having been designed by Ian Rank-Broadley. This is matched with designs by the Australian-born artist Stuart Devlin on the reverse. They now comprise 50¢, 20¢, 10¢ and 5¢ coins—all still referred to as 'silver' though actually 75% copper and 25% nickel, and for many years there were also "bronze" 2¢ and 1¢ coins.
The 50¢ coin originally had a circular shape, and contained 80% silver and 20% copper, so that the material of the coin was worth more than 50¢. It was made to almost identical dimensional specifications as the British 2'6 pence half crown. However, to avoid confusion among the round coins, and because of its excess value, it was only produced for one year then withdrawn from circulation; there were no 50-cent coins minted for 1967 or 1968. It was changed to a 12-sided shape for 1969 and all following years, but the 12-sided issue was minted as a specimen piece in 1966–67 to test the design. It has since been issued in both standard and commemorative designs.[1]
The standard designs on both versions of the coin are the same: the obverse carries the effigy of the sovereign, and the reverse shows the Coat of Arms of Australia. The dodecagonal version has a mass of 15.55 g and a diameter of 31.5 mm, and the round silver version has a mass of 13.28 g and diameter of 31.5 mm. 94.13 Australian 1966 round 50¢ coins make up a fine kilogram of silver.
"Gold" one-dollar and two-dollar coins were introduced in the 1980s. The one-dollar coin was introduced in 1984, to replace the banknote of the same value. The two-dollar coin, also replacing a banknote, was introduced in 1988. These have content of 2% nickel, 6% aluminium and 92% copper. Thus, all Australian coins in use currently are composed of more than half copper. The two-dollar coin is smaller in diameter than the one-dollar coin, but the two-dollar is slightly thicker.
The one- and two-cent coins were discontinued in 1991 due to the metal exceeding face value and were withdrawn from circulation.
Australian coins have medallic orientation, as do most other Commonwealth coinage, Japanese yen coinage, and euro coinage. This is in contrast to coin orientation, which is used in United States coinage.
Table[edit]
Australian coins [2]
Image
Value
Technical parameters
Description
Date of first minting
Diameter
Thickness
Weight
Composition
Edge
Obverse
Reverse
1¢
(no longer used as of 1991) 17.65 mm >1.4 mm 2.60 g 97% copper
2.5% zinc
0.5% tin Plain Queen Elizabeth II Feathertail glider 1966
2¢
(no longer used as of 1991) 21.59 mm <1.9 mm 5.20 g Frill-necked lizard
5¢ 19.41 mm 1.3 mm 2.83 g Cupronickel
75% copper
25% nickel Milled Queen
Elizabeth II Echidna 1966
10¢ 23.60 mm 2.0 mm 5.65 g Superb lyrebird
20¢ 28.65 mm 2.5 mm 11.3 g Platypus
50¢ Dodecagon 31.65 mm (across flats) 2.5 mm 15.55 g Plain Coat of arms 1969
$1 25.00 mm 3.0 mm 9.00 g 92% copper
6% aluminium
2% nickel Interrupted
milled Queen
Elizabeth II Five kangaroos 1984
$2 20.50 mm 2.8 mm 6.60 g Aboriginal elder 1988
These images are to scale at 2.5 pixels per millimetre. For table standards, see the coin specification table.
Effigy of Elizabeth II by Arnold Machin displayed on coins minted in 1966.
Commemorative coins[edit]
Main article: Australian commemorative coins
Many special versions of the 20¢, 50¢, $1 and $2 coins have been produced, with imagery representing an event replacing the usual design on the reverse side of the coin. For some years, all the coins are replaced with a different design for that year. In other cases, only a few coins have the new design, which are released as special commemorative coins, although many usually end up in circulation.
In 2012, a commemorative $2 coin was produced depicting a poppy for Remembrance Day and in 2013, a coloured purple coin for the 60th anniversary of Queen Elizabeth II's coronation. In 2016 a commemorative 25¢ coin was produced for Anzac Day with four million coins minted. In 2016, to celebrate 50 years of decimal currency, a commemorative design for the tails of the coins was released.
Collectable coins[edit]
The Royal Australian Mint regularly releases collectable coins, one of the most famous of which is the 1980-1994 gold two-hundred-dollar coin series. Australian collectable coins are all legal tender[3] and can be used directly as currency or converted to "normal" coinage at a bank. Metals include aluminium bronze, silver, gold and bi-metal coins.[4] Nugget coins are issued in ounces and fractions or kilograms and come in gold and platinum, some are denominated in dollars, and others by their weight value.[5]
See also[edit]
List of people who have appeared on Australian currency
Coins of the New Zealand dollar
Swedish rounding
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ A guide to Australian decimal coins, 20 April 2017
Jump up ^ coin designs and what we make, Royal Australian Mint, archived from the original on 11 February 2014
Jump up ^ frequently asked questions, Royal Australian Mint, archived from the original on 11 February 2014
Jump up ^ Pitt 2000, pp. 90–100.
Jump up ^ Pitt 2000, pp. 101–109.
References and further reading[edit]
Krause, Chester L.; Clifford Mishler (2003). 2004 Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1901–Present. Colin R. Bruce II (senior editor) (31st ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0873495934.
Pitt, Ian W. (2000), Renniks Australian Coin and Banknote Values (19th ed.), Chippendale, N.S.W.: Renniks Publications, ISBN 978-0-9585574-4-3
Cruzi's Coins
Australian Commonwealth Coinage, 21 April 2009, archived from the original on 8 December 2013
Australia's first coins, State Library of NSW, archived from the original on 2 February 2014
Australian Decimal Currency, archived from the original on 27 December 2012
about reverse designs, Royal Australian Mint, archived from the original on 11 February 2014
Internet FAQ, Royal Australian Mint, archived from the original on 5 September 2008
[hide]
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Note Printing Australia
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Turkey bacon
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
A package of turkey bacon from a U.S. supermarket
Turkey bacon is an imitation bacon usually prepared from cured, smoked, chopped and formed turkey, which is commonly marketed as a low-fat alternative to bacon. Turkey bacon can also be used as a substitute for bacon where religious restrictions forbid the consumption of pork.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Preparation
2 Alternative to bacon
3 Nutritional value
4 See also
5 References
Preparation[edit]
Turkey bacon cooking in skillet.
Turkey bacon can be cooked by pan-frying or deep-frying.[1] Cured turkey bacon made from dark meat can be 90% fat free.[2] It can be used in the same manner as bacon (such as in a BLT sandwich),[1] but the low fat content of turkey bacon means it does not shrink while being cooked and has a tendency to stick to the pan, thus making deep-frying a faster and more practical option.[2]
Alternative to bacon[edit]
Turkey bacon is lower in fat and calories than bacon, but can be used in a similar manner to bacon (such as in a BLT sandwich),[1] but its lower fat content makes it unsuitable in some situations, such as grilling.[3]
Turkey bacon is also an alternative for people who do not eat pork for religious or dietary reasons. When Beautiful Brands International, a company from Tulsa, Oklahoma, signed a deal with a Saudi Arabian firm to open 120 locations in eight countries in the Middle East, they had to substitute bacon with Halal turkey bacon in their recipes at Camille's Sidewalk Cafe locations as consumption of pork and non-halal meat is forbidden by Islamic customs.[4]
Nutritional value[edit]
Two strips of Butterball turkey bacon contain 3 grams of fat and 50 calories (32% of which from fat); turkey bacon from Louis Rich and Mr. Turkey contain 5 and 4 grams of fat, respectively, per two slices. By comparison, two strips of regular pork bacon contain, on average, some 7 grams of fat.[5] Andrew Smith, in The Turkey: An American Story, notes that turkey products (including turkey bacon) contain, on average twice as much sodium as the pork products they replace.[6]
See also[edit]
Food portal
List of smoked foods
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Gold, Amanda (October 22, 2008). "One turkey bacon stands out in the flock". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2009-05-13.
^ Jump up to: a b "Turkey Bacon Wins Support as Good Meat at Breakfast". Deseret News. January 22–23, 1991. Retrieved 2009-05-13.
Jump up ^ "Eat cheap but well! Make a tasty beef in beer". MSNBC. April 30, 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-14.
Jump up ^ Arnold, Kyle (May 13, 2009). "FreshBerry translates well: 120 stores to open in Middle East". Tulsa World. Retrieved 2009-05-14.
Jump up ^ Bellerson, Karen J. (2001). The Complete & Up-to-Date Fat Book: A Guide to the Fat, Calories, and Fat Percentage in Your Food. Avery. p. 55. ISBN 978-1-58333-099-9.
Jump up ^ Smith, Andrew F. (2006). The Turkey: An American Story. U of Illinois P. p. 107. ISBN 978-0-252-03163-2.
[show]
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values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href class

attrs: class style

values: Religious restrictions on the consumption of pork

value: sup

values:
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mw-redirect
BLT sandwich

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

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http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/30478911/
external text

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values:
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mw-redirect
Pigs in a blanket

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values:
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catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
interface

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
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View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

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navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
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Language settings
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