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List of High Priests of Israel
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Part of a series of articles on
Priesthood in Judaism
Kohen · Recognition of priestly descent
Priestly covenant
Roles[show]
Priestly blessing · Redemption of the firstborn son
Tzaraath (skin disease and mildew)
The Torah instruction of the Kohanim
Sacrifice · Incense offering
Beth din shel Kohanim
Priestly divisions
High Priests[show]
Aaron · Eleazar · Phinehas
· Eli · Ahimelech · Abiathar
(First Temple)
· Zadok · Shallum · Hilkiah · Jehoiada
(Second Temple)
Joshua the High Priest
Simeon the Just
Yishmael Ben Elisha
Yehoshua ben Gamla
Pinchus Ben Shmuel
Twenty-four kohanic gifts[show]
The ten gifts given in the Temple
1. Sin offering · 2. Guilt offering
3. Communal peace offering
4. Fowl sin offering · 5. Leftovers from the suspensive guilt offering
6. Oil from the offering for the leper
7. Bread from First Fruits · 8. Showbread
9. Leftovers of the meal offering
10. Leftovers of the First Sheaf.

Four gifts given in Jerusalem
11. Firstborn animal · 12. Firstfruits
13. Burnt offering (Judaism) ·
14. Parts of the thank offering and Nazirite's offering
Ten gifts given (even) outside of Jerusalem
15. Heave offering
16. Heave offering of the Levite's tithe
17. Dough offering
18. First shearing of the sheep
19. Shoulder, cheeks and maw
20. Coins for redemption of the first born son · 21. Redemption of a donkey
· 22. Dedication of property to a priest
· 23. Field not redeemed in a Jubilee year · 24. The property of the foreigner with no heir.
Priestly Garments[show]
Priestly undergarments
Priestly tunic
Priestly turban · Priestly robe (Judaism)
Ephod · Priestly breastplate · Priestly frontlet
Urim and Thummim
Priestly sash
Miscellaneous topics[show]
The Mitzvah of sanctifying the Kohen
Kohanic disqualifications
Holy anointing oil
Kahen
Aaron's rod
Bat-Kohen (daughter of a kohen)
Sons of Zadok
Contact by a kohen with a dead body
13 Kohanic cities
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This page gives one list of the High Priests of Ancient Israel up to the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 AD. Because of a lack of historical data, this list is incomplete and there may be gaps.
Contents
[hide]
1 Line of the High Priests of Israel
1.1 From the Exodus to Solomon's Temple
1.2 First Temple period
1.3 After the Babylonian Exile
1.4 Hasmonean dynasty
1.5 Herodian-Roman period
2 References
Line of the High Priests of Israel[edit]
A traditional list of the Jewish High Priests
The High Priests, like all Levitical priests, belonged to the Aaronic line. The Bible mentions the majority of high priests before the captivity, but does not give a complete list of office holders. Lists would be based on various historical sources. In several periods of gentile rule, high priests were appointed and removed by kings. Still, most high priests came from the Aaronic line. One exception is Menelaus, who may not have been from the Tribe of Levi at all, but from the Tribe of Benjamin.
From the Exodus to Solomon's Temple[edit]
The following section is based on information found in the various books of the Bible, including the genealogies given in First Book of Chronicles and the Book of Ezra, the works of Josephus[1] and the early-medieval Seder Olam Zutta.
Aaron
Eleazar, son of Aaron (Numbers 20:28)
Phinehas, son of Eleazar
Abishua, son of Phinehas
The Samaritans insert Shesha as the son of Abishua and father of Bukki.[citation needed]
Bukki, son of Abishua
Uzzi, son of Bukki
Though Phinehas and his descendants are not directly attested as high priests, this portion of the genealogy given in 1 Chronicles 5:30-41 is assumed by other sources (including Josephus [2] and Seder 'Olam Zutta), to give the succession of the office from father to son. At some time, the office was transferred from descendants of Eleazar to those of his brother Itamar.[3] The first known and most notable high priest of Itamar's line was Eli, a contemporary of Samuel.
Eli, descendant of Ithamar, son of Aaron
Ahitub, son of Phinehas and grandson of Eli
Ahijah, son of Ahitub
Ahimelech, son of Ahijah (or brother of Ahijah and son of Ahitub)
Abiathar, son of Ahimelech
Abiathar was removed from the high priesthood for conspiring against King Solomon, and was replaced by Zadok, son of Ahitub, who oversaw the construction of the First Temple. According to the genealogies given in 1 Chronicles 5:30-34, Zadok was a descendant of Uzzi (through Zerahiah, Meraioth, Amariah and Ahitub) and thus belonged to the line of Eleazar.
First Temple period[edit]
From Solomon's time until the captivity, the High Priests officiated in Temple of Jerusalem. Information about who served in that office diverges between the Bible, Josephus and the Seder 'Olam Zuta. While Josephus and Seder 'Olam Zuta each mention 18 high priests,[4] the genealogy given 1 Chronicles 5:34-41 gives twelve names, culminating in the last high priest Seriah, father of Jehozadak. However, it is unclear whether all those mentioned in the genealogy between Zadok and Jehozadak were high priests and whether high priests mentioned elsewhere (such as Jehoiada and Jehoiarib) are simply omitted or did not belong to the male line in this genealogy.
1 Chronicles 5:34-41
(* Also mentioned in Book of Ezra 7:1–5)
Josephus[5]
Seder 'Olam Zutta
Other Biblical information
Zadok* Zadok Zadok Zadok was High Priest during the reign of King Solomon and the construction of the First Temple.
Ahimaaz Ahimaaz Ahimaaz
Azariah Azariah Azariah Among the "princes/officials" of King Solomon listed in 1 Kings 4:2 "Azariah, son of Zadok, the priest" appears in first place.
Johanan Joram -
- Isus Joash
- - Jehoiarib
- - Jehoshaphat -
- Jehoiada[6] Jehoiada Jehoiada, brother-in-law of King Ahaziah, is mentioned in 2 Kings 11:4-17 as a priest leading the coup against Queen-mother Athaliah and installing Jehoash of Judah as king of Judah.
- Axioramos - -
- Phideas Pediah -
- Sudeas Zedekiah -
Azariah Juelus Joel Azariah II is mentioned in 2 Chronicles 26:14-18 as a "chief priest" opposing King Uzziah. In 1 Chronicles 5:36 Azariah, son of Johanan is singled out as "he it is that executed the priest's office in the house that Solomon built in Jerusalem".
Amaria Jotham Jotham -
Ahitub Urias Urijah Uriah is mentioned in 2 Kings 16:10-16 as a priest who, on orders of King Ahaz, replaces the altar in the temple with a new, Assyrian-style altar. He is also mentioned as a witness in Isaiah 8:2.
- Nerias Neria An Azariah is mentioned in 2 Chronicles 31:10 as "the chief priest, of the house of Zadok" under King Hezekiah.
Zadok Odeas Hoshaiah -
Shallum* Shallum Shallum Shallum, son of Zadok
Hilkiah* Elcias Hilkiah Hilkiah, priest at the time of King Josiah.
Azariah IV* Azaros Azariah IV Azariah IV, son of Hilkiah (1 Chr 6:13)
Seriah* Sareas Seriah Seriah, son of Azariah IV (2 Ki 25:18)
Some name Jehozadak, son of Seriah, as a high priest prior to being sent to captivity in Babylonia, based on the biblical references to "Joshua, son of Jehozadak, the high priest". According to Rashi (Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaqi), this is a misreading of the phrase, as "the high priest" does not refer to Jehozadak, who was exiled to Babylon without having served as high priest, but to his son Joshua, who ascended from Babylon at the end of the exile.[7]
After the Babylonian Exile[edit]
Joshua, son of Jehozadak, c. 515-490 BC, after the restoration of the Temple
Joiakim, son of Joshua, c. 490-470 BC (Nehemiah 12:10)
Eliashib, son of Joiakim, c. 470-433 BC
Joiada, son of Eliashib, c. 433-410 BC
(A son married a daughter of Sanballat the Horonite for which he was driven out of the Temple by Nehemiah) (Nehemiah 13:28)
Johanan, son of Joiada, c. 410-371 BC
Jaddua, son of Johanan, c. 371-320 BC, during the reign of Alexander the Great. Some have identified him as Simeon the Just.
The five descendants of Joshua are mentioned in Nehemiah, chapter 12, 10f. The chronology given above, based on Josephus, however is not undisputed, with some alternatively placing Jaddua during the time of Darius II and some supposing one more Johanan and one more Jaddua in the following time, the latter Jaddua being contemporary of Alexander the Great.
Onias I, son of Jaddua, c. 320-280 BC
Simon I, son of Onias, c. 280-260 BC Josephus identified him as Simeon the Just[8]
Eleazar, son of Onias, c. 260-245 BC
Manasseh, son of Jaddua, c. 245-240 BC
Onias II, son of Simon, c. 240-218 BC
Simon II, son of Onias, 218-185 BC
Onias III, son of Simon, 185-175 BC, murdered 170 BC
Jason, son of Simon, 175-172 BC
Menelaus, 172-162 BC
Onias IV, son of Onias III, fled to Egypt and built a Jewish Temple at Leontopolis (closed in 66 AD)
Alcimus, 162-159 BC
Inter-Sacerdotium: It is unknown who held the position of High Priest of Jerusalem between Alcimus' death and the accession of Jonathan. Josephus, in Jewish Antiquities XX.10, relates that the office was vacant for seven years, but this is highly unlikely, if not impossible. In religious terms, the High Priest was a necessary part of the rites on the Day of Atonement, a day that could have not been allowed to pass uncelebrated for so long so soon after the restoration of the Temple service. Politically, Israel's overlords probably would not have allowed a power vacuum to last that length of time.
In another passage (XII.10 §6, XII.11 §2) Josephus suggests that Judas Maccabeus, the brother of Jonathan, held the office for three years, succeeding Alcimus. However, Judas actually predeceased Alcimus by one year. The nature of Jonathan's accession to the high priesthood makes it unlikely that Judas held that office during the inter-sacerdotium. The Jewish Encyclopedia tries to harmonise the contradictions found in Josephus by supposing that Judas held the office "immediately after the consecration of the Temple (165-162), that is, before the election of Alcimus"[9]
It has been argued that the founder of the Qumran community, the Teacher of Righteousness (Moreh Zedek), was High Priest (but not necessarily the sole occupant) during the inter-sacerdotium and was driven off by Jonathan.
Hasmonean dynasty[edit]
Jonathan Apphus, 153-143 BC
Simeon Tassi, brother of Jonathan Apphus, 142-134 BC
John Hyrcanus I, son of Simeon Tassi, 134-104 BC
Aristobulus I, son of John Hyrcanus, 104-103 BC
Alexander Jannaeus, son of John Hyrcanus, 103-76 BC
John Hyrcanus II, son of Alexander Jannaeus, 76-66 BC
Aristobulus II, son of Alexander Jannaeus, 66-63 BC
Hyrcanus II (restored), 63-40 BC
Antigonus, son of Aristobulus II, 40-37 BC
Herodian-Roman period[edit]
Ananelus, 37-36 BC
Aristobulus III, paternal grandson of Aristobulus, 36 BC
He was the last of the Hasmoneans; II and brother of Herod's second wife Mariamne I.
Ananelus (restored), 36-30 BC
Joshua ben Fabus, 30-23 BC
Simon ben Boethus, 23-5 BC (his daughter Mariamne II was third wife of Herod the Great)
Matthias ben Theophilus, 5-4 BC[10]
Joazar ben Boethus, 4 BC
Eleazar ben Boethus, 4-3 BC
Joshua ben Sie, 3 BC - ?
Joazar ben Boethus (restored), ? - 6 AD
Ananus ben Seth, 6-15
Ishmael ben Fabus, 15-16
Eleazar ben Ananus, 16-17
Simon ben Camithus, 17-18
Joseph Caiaphas, 18-36 (son-in-law of the high priest Ananus ben Seth)
Jonathan ben Ananus, 36-37
Theophilus ben Ananus, 37-41
Simon Cantatheras ben Boethus, 41-43
Matthias ben Ananus, 43
Elioneus ben Simon Cantatheras, 43-44
Jonathan ben Ananus, 44 (restored)
Josephus ben Camydus, 44-46
Ananias ben Nebedeus, 46-58[11]
Jonathan, 58[12]
Ishmael ben Fabus, 58-62 (restored?)
Joseph Cabi ben Simon, 62-63
Ananus ben Ananus, 63
Joshua ben Damneus, 63
Joshua ben Gamla, 63-64 (his wife Martha belonged to family of Boethus)
Mattathias ben Theophilus, 65-66
Phannias ben Samuel, 67-70
References[edit]
Notes
Jump up ^ Antiquities of the Jews 10:151–153 (10.8.6, in the order: book, chapter and verse.)
Jump up ^ Antiquities of the Jews 10:151–153 (10.8.6)
Jump up ^ According to Abu l-Fath, a Samaritan chronicler writing in the 14th century CE, this transfer was the result of a civil war between the followers of Uzzi and Eli. Samaritans claim descent from the followers of Buzzi, who in this account stayed at Mount Gerizim while Eli's followers moved to Shiloh. (Robert T. Anderson and Terry Giles, The Keepers, An Introduction to the History and Culture of the Samaritans, Hendrickson Publishing, 2002, p. 11–12.)
Jump up ^ The list in Antiquities of the Jews 10:151-153 contains 17 high priests, but Josephus also mentioned the High Priests Seraiah in 10:149 and Jehoiada in 9.7.
Jump up ^ Antiquities of the Jews 10:151–153 (10.8.6, in the order: book, chapter and verse.)
Jump up ^ Josephus mentions Jehoiada as high priest in his account of Athaliah's reign (Antiquities of the Jews 9.7) but not in list of High Priests (Antiquities of the Jews 10:151-153)
Jump up ^ Judaica Press Tanach with Rashi Commentary.
Jump up ^ Josephus, Antiquities. Book 12, Chapter 2 (43)
Jump up ^ Jewish Encyclopedia: Judas Maccabseus
Jump up ^ http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=269&letter=M
Jump up ^ Antiquities of the Jews 20.5.2
Jump up ^ Antiquities of the Jews 20.8.5
[hide]
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High Priests of Israel (List)
Tabernacle
Aaron
Eleazar
Phinehas
Abishua
Bukki
Uzzi
Eli
Ahitub
Ahijah
Ahimelech
Abiathar
First Temple
Zadok
Ahimaaz
Azariah I
Johanan
Jehoiarib
Jehoshaphat
Jehoiada
Pediah
Zedekiah
Azariah II
Hilkiah
Post-exilic
Joshua
Joiakim
Eliashib
Joiada
Johanan
Jaddua
Onias I
Simon I
Simeon the Just
Eleazar
Manasseh
Onias II
Simon II
Onias III
Jason
Menelaus
Onias IV
Alcimus
Hasmonean
dynasty
Jonathan Apphus
Simon Thassi
Hyrcanus I
Aristobulus I
Alexander Jannaeus
Hyrcanus II
Aristobulus II
Antigonus
Herodians
to the
Jewish Revolt
Ananelus
Aristobulus III
Joshua ben Fabus
Simon ben Boethus
Joazar ben Boethus
Eleazar ben Boethus
Annas
Caiaphas
Theophilus ben Ananus
Simon Cantatheras ben Boethus
Elioneus ben Simon Cantatheras
Ananias ben Nebedeus
Joseph Cabi ben Simon
Ananus ben Ananus
Joshua ben Damneus
Joshua ben Gamaliel
Mattathias ben Theophilus
Phannias ben Samuel
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text:
Hocus Pocus (1993 film)
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Hocus Pocus
Theatrical release poster
by Drew Struzan
Directed by
Kenny Ortega
Produced by
Steven Haft
David Kirschner
Screenplay by
Neil Cuthbert
Mick Garris
Story by
Mick Garris
David Kirschner
Starring
Bette Midler
Sarah Jessica Parker
Kathy Najimy
Omri Katz
Thora Birch
Vinessa Shaw
Music by
John Debney
Cinematography
Hiro Narita
Edited by
Peter E. Berger
Production
company
Walt Disney Pictures
Distributed by
Buena Vista Pictures
Release date
July 16, 1993 (1993-07-16)
Running time
96 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$28 million
Box office
$39.5 million[2]
Hocus Pocus is a 1993 American comedy horror fantasy film directed by Kenny Ortega, starring Bette Midler, Kathy Najimy, and Sarah Jessica Parker; written by Neil Cuthbert and Mick Garris, and based on a story by Garris and David Kirschner. It follows the villainous trio of witches, who are inadvertently resurrected by a teenage male virgin in Salem, Massachusetts.
Although it was not a critical or commercial success when first released, Hocus Pocus has become a cult film,[3] largely from annual airings on Disney Channel and Freeform (formerly ABC Family).
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Music
5 Reception
6 Home media and television
7 Legacy
8 Possible sequel and confirmed remake
9 Accolades
10 See also
11 References
12 External links
Plot[edit]
In 1693 on October 31, near Salem, Massachusetts, Thackery Binx sees his little sister, Emily, spirited away to the cottage of three witches. There, the Sanderson sisters, Winifred, Sarah and Mary, cast a spell on Emily to absorb her youth and regain their own, killing her in the process. Thackery confronts the witches who transform him into an immortal black cat to live with his guilt for not saving Emily. The townsfolk, led by Binx's father, capture the witches. But before being hanged, Winifred's spellbook casts a curse that will resurrect the witches during a full moon on All Hallows Eve when any virgin lights the Black Flame Candle. Thackery guards the cottage to ensure no one summons the witches.
Three hundred years later on October 31, 1993, Max Dennison is feeling unsettled from his family's sudden move from Los Angeles to Salem. While exploring the town, he and his sister Dani meet Allison, whose family owns the Sanderson cottage as a museum. Max suggests that they go there and impress Allison, but is forced to take Dani trick-or-treating.
Investigating inside the cottage, Max lights the Black Flame Candle and inadvertently resurrects the witches, who plot to continue their plan to suck out the souls of all of Salem's children, beginning with Dani. Escaping, Max steals Winifred's spellbook on advice from Thackery. The witches pursue them to a cemetery, where Winifred raises her unfaithful lover Billy Butcherson as a zombie to chase them on foot. The witches try to acclimate to the 20th century, but are horrified when they discover Halloween has become a holiday, and their broomsticks are stolen. The witches plan to achieve their goals or they will be disintegrated on sunrise. They pursue the children across town using Mary's enhanced sense of smell. Max, Allison and Dani find their parents at a Halloween party at the town hall, where Winifred enchants the partygoers to dance and sing until they die. At Jacob Bailey High School, the children trap the witches in a kiln to burn them alive. While celebrating, the witches' curse revives them again, and they kidnap Dani and Thackery after Max and Allison open the spellbook exposing their location. Sarah then uses her siren-like singing to mesmerize Salem's children, luring them to the Sandersons' cottage. Max and Allison rescue Dani and Thackery by tricking the witches into believing sunrise came an hour early.
Back at the cemetery, Max runs into Billy, who cuts open his stitched up mouth and insults Winifred, joining Max to protect Dani. The witches attack and Winifred attempts to suck out the soul from Dani with the single vial of potion she retrieved from her cauldron. Thackery leaps on Winifred and knocks the potion out of her hand into Max's, but is then thrown to the ground and mortally wounded. Rather than smashing the vial, Max drinks it and apparently makes himself a sacrifice. As the sun rises, Winifred is unable to drain Max's life force from him after falling into the hallowed ground, and soon turns to stone and is disintegrated to dust along with her sisters.
As the satisfied Billy returns to his grave, Thackery dies, freeing his soul. He thanks Max, Dani and Allison for their help, and bids farewell to them, before he and Emily walk into the afterlife. As the end credits begin, the exhausted partygoers are freed from the spell and return home. Meanwhile, at the Sandersons' cottage, Jay and Ernie, two male bullies who earlier tormented Max and Dani, remain imprisoned in their cages while passing the time singing "Row, Row, Row Your Boat". The film ends with Winnie's spellbook opening its eye, implying that Winnie's last words re-activated the resurrection spell.
Cast[edit]
Bette Midler as Winifred "Winnie" Sanderson, the buck-toothed oldest Sanderson sister and leader of the trio.
Kathy Najimy as Mary Sanderson, the middle sister, often complimenting and comforting her domineering older sister, Winnie. She can smell children and hunts them down.
Sarah Jessica Parker as Sarah Sanderson, the youngest and most beautiful sister. She has the ability to entrance children with her siren-like singing.
Omri Katz as Maximilian "Max" Dennison, a teenager originally from Los Angeles, California who moves to Salem, Massachusetts with his family. Max is angry at his parents for making them move to Salem. He is responsible for bringing back the Sanderson sisters 300 years later on Halloween night.
Thora Birch as Danielle "Dani" Dennison, Max's spoiled 8-year-old sister and an enthusiastic trick-or-treater. Dani is addicted to candy and looks up to Max.
Vinessa Shaw as Allison, Max's love interest and a wealthy native Salem resident. Allison forms a close bond with Dani.
Sean Murray as Thackery Binx; originally a teenager from 1693, he follows Emily into the woods, where he fails to prevent her death at the hands of the Sanderson sisters. The witches transform him into an immortal cat, voiced by Jason Marsden.[4]
Doug Jones as Billy Butcherson, Winifred's lover and a zombie. He died on May 1, 1693 after Winifred found him sporting with her sister Sarah, poisoned him and sewed his mouth shut with a dull needle, so he couldn't tell her secrets, even in death.
Charles Rocket as David "Dave" Dennison, Max and Dani's father.
Stephanie Faracy as Jennifer "Jenny" Dennison, Max and Dani's mother.
Amanda Shepherd as Emily Binx, Thackery's younger sister. She's about Dani's age. She died on October 31, 1693 after the witches drain her life force from her.
Larry Bagby as Ernie "Ice", the leader of a group of high school delinquents and Jay's best friend.
Tobias Jelinek as Jay, another delinquent and Ernie's best friend.
Steve Voboril as Elijah, a boy from a farm in 1693.
Norbert Weisser as Mr. Binx, Emily and Thackery's father.
Kathleen Freeman as Miss Olin, Max's and Allison's teacher at Jacob Bailey High School.
Garry Marshall (uncredited) as "The Devil", a man wearing a devil costume whom the Sanderson sisters assume to be their "Master".
Penny Marshall (uncredited) as the "Devil's" wife, who the sisters assume is Medusa due to her curlers, which resemble snakes.
Production[edit]
In the 1994 TV documentary Hocus Pocus: Begin the Magic, and on the film's Blu-ray release, producer David Kirschner said he came up with the idea for the film one night. He and his young daughter were sitting outside and his neighbor's black cat strayed by. Kirschner invented a tale of how the cat was once a boy who was changed into a feline three hundred years ago by three witches.
Hocus Pocus started life as a script for a special original film for the Disney Channel, to be produced by one of the smaller studios owned by The Walt Disney Company. The script, however, caught the eye of Walt Disney Studios, who decided that the film was strong enough to carry well-known names and to attract a cinema audience. Leonardo DiCaprio was originally offered the lead role of Max for a large salary, but declined it in order to pursue What's Eating Gilbert Grape.[5][6] The idea to cast Bette Midler was partly inspired by Midler's Golden Globe-nominated performance in a milestone motion picture for The Walt Disney Company on its Touchstone Pictures line, Down and Out in Beverly Hills. Midler, who plays the central antagonist of the film, is quoted as saying that Hocus Pocus "was the most fun I'd had in my career up to that point".[citation needed]
Principal photography began on October 12, 1992. The film is set in Salem, Massachusetts, but most of it was shot on sound stages in Burbank, California. However, its daytime scenes were filmed in Salem and Marblehead, Massachusetts during two weeks of filming with principal cast. Production was completed on February 10, 1993.
Music[edit]
Main article: Hocus Pocus (soundtrack)
The musical score for "Hocus Pocus" was composed and conducted by John Debney. James Horner was originally slated to score the film, but became unavailable at the last minute, so Debney had to score the entire film in two weeks. Even though he didn't score the film, Horner came back to write the theme for Sarah (sung by Sarah Jessica Parker, more commonly known as "Come Little Children") which is featured in Intrada's Complete Edition of the score.
Debney released a promotional score through the internet containing 19 tracks from the film. Bootlegs were subsequently released across the internet, primarily because the promotional release missed the entire opening sequence music.
Songs
"Sarah's Theme" - music by James Horner; lyrics by Brock Walsh; performed by Sarah Jessica Parker
"I Put a Spell on You" - written by Jay Hawkins and produced and arranged by Marc Shaiman; performed by Bette Midler
"Witchcraft" - written by Cy Coleman, Carolyn Leigh; performed by Joe Malone
"I Put a Spell on You" - written by Jay Hawkins; performed by Joe Malone
"Sabre Dance" - written by George Wilson
Chants and Incantations - conceived and written by Brock Walsh
Reception[edit]
The film received negative reviews from film critics, at the time of release. Reception has since grown to be more positive towards the film, and it has become a cult film. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 30%, based on 43 reviews, with an average rating of 4.4 stars out of 10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Harmlessly hokey yet never much more than mediocre, Hocus Pocus is a muddled family-friendly effort that fails to live up to the talents of its impressive cast."[7]
The Miami Herald called it "a pretty lackluster affair", adding this comment: "Despite the triple-threat actress combo, Hocus Pocus won't be the Sister Act of 1993. There are a lot of gotta-sees this summer, and this isn't one of them."[8] The New York Times' Janet Maslin wrote that the film "has flashes of visual stylishness but virtually no grip on its story".[9] Ty Burr of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a C-, calling it "acceptable scary-silly kid fodder that adults will find only mildly insulting. Unless they're Bette Midler fans. In which case it's depressing as hell"; and stating that while Najimy and Parker "have their moments of ramshackle comic inspiration, and the passable special effects should keep younger campers transfixed [...] the sight of the Divine Miss M. mugging her way through a cheesy supernatural kiddie comedy is, to say the least, dispiriting."[10]
Home media and television[edit]
The film was released to VHS in North America on September 9, 1994,[11] and later to DVD on June 4, 2002.[12] Following the film's release on the latter format, it has continued to show strong annual sales, raking in more than $1 million in DVD sales each October.[12] In the mid to late 1990s, the film was rebroadcast annually on ABC and Disney Channel before switching over to ABC Family's 13 Nights of Halloween lineup in the early 2000s. The film has continuously brought record viewing numbers to the lineup, including a 2009 broadcast watched by 2.5 million viewers.[13] In 2011, an October 29 airing became the lineup's most watched program, with 2.8 million viewers.[14]
On September 4, 2012, the film was released on Blu-ray.[15]
Legacy[edit]
Midler dressed as Winifred Sanderson during her Divine Intervention Tour.
Over the years, through various outlets such as strong DVD sales and annual record-breaking showings on ABC Family's 13 Nights of Halloween, the film has achieved cult status.[16] Various media outlets such as Celebuzz and Oh No They Didn't have reiterated such claims.[14][16][17] In October 2011, the Houston Symphony celebrated various horror and Halloween classics, including Hocus Pocus, with "The Hocus Pocus Pops."[18]
On October 19, 2013, D23 held a special screening of Hocus Pocus at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California, to honor the 20th anniversary of the film. Nine of the cast and crew gathered for the screening, and hundreds of D23 members attended. Returning members included Kathy Najimy, David Kirschner, Thora Birch, Doug Jones, Vinessa Shaw, and Omri Katz.[19]
During her Divine Intervention Tour, Bette Midler appeared on stage dressed as Winifred Sanderson. Her Harlettes appeared with her dressed as Mary and Sarah, and the three of them performed the film's version of "I Put a Spell on You".[20]
On September 15, 2015, the Hocus Pocus Villain Spelltacular was introduced at the Magic Kingdom as a part of Mickey's Not-So-Scary Halloween Party. The show introduces new actresses as the Sanderson Sisters, who try to make a villain party and summon or attract various Disney villains in the process.[21]
In September 2016, entertainment critic Aaron Wallace published Hocus Pocus in Focus: The Thinking Fan's Guide to Disney's Halloween Classic, the first full-length book written about the movie. The book includes a foreword by Thora Birch and afterword by Mick Garris. Billed as a "lighthearted but scholarly look at the film," the book analyzes the movie's major themes, which it identifies as festivity, nostalgia, home, horror, virginity, feminism, Broadway-style musical moments, sibling rivalry, "Spielbergian" filmmaking style, Disney villain traditions, and more. Wallace also analyzes Walt Disney World's Hocus Pocus Villain Spelltacular as part of the movie's legacy and includes "the largest collection of Hocus Pocus fun facts and trivia ever assembled," complete with extensive endnote citations.[22][23][24]
Possible sequel and confirmed remake[edit]
In July 2014, it was announced that Disney was developing a supernatural-themed film about witches, and that Tina Fey was on board as a producer and star. However, Deadline debunked rumors that the film was a sequel to Hocus Pocus.[25]
In November 2014, Bette Midler said in an interview that she was ready and willing to return for a sequel. She also said her co-stars Sarah Jessica Parker and Kathy Najimy were interested in reprising the roles of the Sanderson sisters as well, but stressed that Disney had yet to greenlight any sequel.[26]
In November 2015, Midler stated in a Facebook Q&A that "after all these years and all the fan demand, I do believe I can stand and firmly say an unequivocal no" in response to a question about a sequel.[27]
In June 2016, actor Doug Jones mentioned that Disney had been considering a sequel, and behind the scenes discussions were in place to possibly continue the series.[28]
In October 2016, Sarah Jessica Parker was asked by Andy Cohen about a sequel. Her response was, "I would love that. I think we've been very vocal that we're very keen."[29]
In Hocus Pocus in Focus: The Thinking Fan's Guide to Disney's Halloween Classic, author Aaron Wallace identifies several potential approaches for a sequel, but notes that the project's biggest challenge is the Walt Disney Studios' interest in tentpole projects that promise very high box office returns.[30]
In September 2017, screenwriter Mick Garris admitted that he was working on a script for Hocus Pocus 2 and that it would potentially be developed as a television film for Disney Channel, Freeform or ABC.[31] It was later confirmed that it will instead be a remake to air on Disney Channel, with The Royals writer Scarlett Lacey attached to write, and the original film producer David Kirschner executive producing.[32][33] The following month, Midler said she was not fond of the idea of a remake and she would not be taking part in it.[34]
Accolades[edit]
Year
Association
Category
Recipient
Result
1994 Saturn Awards Best Actress Bette Midler Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Kathy Najimy Nominated
Sarah Jessica Parker Nominated
Best Fantasy Film Hocus Pocus Nominated
Best Special Effects Hocus Pocus Nominated
Best Costumes Hocus Pocus Won
Young Artist Awards Best Youth Actress Leading Role in a Motion Picture Comedy Thora Birch Won
Best Youth Actress Leading Role in a Motion Picture Comedy Vinessa Shaw Nominated
Best Youth Actor Leading Role in a Motion Picture Comedy Omri Katz Nominated
Best Youth Actor Leading Role in a Motion Picture Comedy Sean Murray Nominated
Best Youth Actor in a Voice Over Role - TV or Movie Jason Marsden Nominated
See also[edit]
List of American films of 1993
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Hocus Pocus (PG)". British Board of Film Classification. July 30, 1993. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Box office information for Hocus Pocus". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved August 9, 2010.
Jump up ^ Chaney, Jen (October 28, 2015). "The Magical Tale of How 'Hocus Pocus' Went From Box-Office Flop to Halloween Favorite". Yahoo.com. Retrieved October 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ 'Hocus Pocus' Turns 20: Meet the Voice Behind Binx the Talking Cat The Daily Beast, Retrieved July 17, 2015
Jump up ^ "Leonardo DiCaprio Reveals What Movie He Turned Down Even After Being Offered "More Money Than I Ever Dreamed Of"". E! Online. February 12, 2014. Retrieved December 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Leonardo DiCaprio Turned Down 'Hocus Pocus' And 'More Money Than I Ever Dreamed Of'". Huffington Post. February 12, 2014. Retrieved December 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Hocus Pocus (1993)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Hocus Pocus starts strong, goes flat". The Miami Herald. The McClatchy Company. July 16, 1993. p. 7G. Retrieved August 9, 2010. (Registration required (help)).
Jump up ^ Maslin, Janet (July 16, 1993). "Review/Film; Bette Midler, Queen Witch in Heavy Makeup". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved August 9, 2010.
Jump up ^ Burr, Ty (July 23, 1993). "Hocus Pocus Review". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved October 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Amazon.com: Hocus Pocus [VHS]: Bette Midler, Sarah Jessica Parker, Kathy Najimy, Omri Katz, Thora Birch, Vinessa Shaw, Larry Bagby, Tobias Jelinek, Stephanie Faracy, Charles Rocket, Doug Jones, Karyn Malchus, Kenny Ortega, Bonnie Bruckheimer, David Kirschner, Jay Heit, Mick Garris, Neil Cuthbert: Movies & TV".
^ Jump up to: a b "Hocus Pocus - DVD Sales". The Numbers. Retrieved November 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ "ABC Family's 11th annual "13 Nights of Halloween 2009" Scares Up Event-Best Deliveries". TV By the Numbers. Retrieved October 30, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "ABC Family's "13 Nights of Halloween 2011" Scares Up Record Crowd". TV By the Numbers. Archived from the original on November 6, 2011. Retrieved November 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Upcoming Disney Catalog Releases for 2012". Blu-ray.com. Retrieved March 16, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Five Reasons Why 'Hocus Pocus' is One of the Greatest Cult Classic Films". International Business Times. Retrieved November 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ "HOCUS POCUS - Where are they now?". Oh No They Didn't. Retrieved November 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Pavilion celebrates Halloween with Hocus Pocus Pops". Your Houston News. Retrieved November 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ Billy Stanek (October 22, 2013). "D23 Members Run Amok at the Hocus Pocus 20th Anniversary Screening". D23 (Disney). Retrieved January 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ Romano, Nick. "HEY, '90S KIDS! WATCH BETTE MIDLER RESURRECT 'HOCUS POCUS' IN CONCERT". IFC. IFC TV LLC. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
Jump up ^ Snetiker, Marc (May 27, 2015). "'Hocus Pocus' stage show will haunt Disney World this Halloween". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved September 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ Newsdesk, Laughing Place Disney (August 30, 2016). "Author Aaron Wallace Announces First-Ever Book Dedicated to Disney's "Hocus Pocus" - LaughingPlace.com".
Jump up ^ "New book about 'Hocus Pocus' now available". September 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Hocus Pocus in Focus: A Hocus Pocus Book for The Thinking Fan".
Jump up ^ Jen Yamato. "Disney, Tina Fey Developing 'Untitled Witch Project' – Not 'Hocus Pocus 2' - Deadline". Deadline.
Jump up ^ Michael Kennedy. "Bette Midler & Co-Stars Are Up for 'Hocus Pocus 2'". Screen Rant.
Jump up ^ "No Hocus Pocus 2 Retrieved November 19, 2015".
Jump up ^ "Dream Ninja Turtles Movie Crossovers MOVIE FIGHTS!!". Screen Junkies.
Jump up ^ "Sarah Jessica Parker on 'Hocus Pocus 2': "I Would Love That"". October 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Wallace, Aaron. Hocus Pocus in Focus: The Thinking Fan's Guide to Disney's Halloween Classic. Pensive Pen Publishing 2016. Epilogue. http://www.aaronwallaceonline.com/book/hocus-pocus-book-thinking-fan-disney/
Jump up ^ Thompson, Simon (September 26, 2017). "Joe Dante And Mick Garris Talk 'Gremlins,' 'Hocus Pocus' Sequel And 'Nightmare Cinema'". Forbes. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (September 28, 2017). "'Hocus Pocus' TV Movie In Works At Disney Channel".
Jump up ^ "Disney Channel working on 'Hocus Pocus' remake". Entertainment Weekly. September 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Bette Midler slams upcoming Hocus Pocus TV remake: 'It's going to be cheap!'". Entertainment Weekly. October 31, 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Hocus Pocus (1993 film)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hocus Pocus (1993 film).
Official website
Hocus Pocus on IMDb
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High School Musical 3: Senior Year (2008)
Michael Jackson's This Is It (2009)
Descendants (2015)
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