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Edna Mode
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Edna Mode
First appearance
The Incredibles (2004)
Last appearance
Incredibles 2 (2018)
Created by
Brad Bird
Voiced by
Brad Bird
Information
Full name
Edna Marie Mode
Nickname(s)
E
Species
Human
Gender
Female
Occupation
Fashion designer
Costume designer
Scientist
Auteur
Edna Marie "E" Mode[1][2][3] is a fictional character who appears in Pixar's animated superhero film The Incredibles (2004) and its sequel Incredibles 2 (2018). She is an eccentric fashion designer renowned for designing and creating the costumes of several famous superheroes before they are all forced to retire, having worked particularly closely with the superheroes Mr. Incredible and Elastigirl (Bob and Helen Parr), both of whom she has maintained a close friendship with. When the couple resumes their superheroic careers after several years of inactivity, Edna is summoned out of retirement to assist both characters, first by equipping Mr. Incredible with a new super suit and then by restoring Elastigirl's confidence in herself as a superheroine.
Edna was created for the film by screenwriter and director Brad Bird to explain how superheroes obtain their costumes, a topic he believes is rarely explored in superhero films convincingly. Bird also decided to voice the character himself after several actresses considered for the role experienced difficulty replicating Edna's unique accent. The director understood that, in addition to demonstrating fashion expertise, the character would also need to be proficient in the fields of science, engineering and technology in order to create costumes capable of withstanding the trials of superheroic activities, and ultimately conceived her as a short, confident character of both German and Japanese descent based on these countries' reputations as powerful nations that are comparatively small in size. Inspired by Q from the James Bond franchise, Edna is widely believed to have been based primarily on costume designer Edith Head, although there continues to be constant speculation as to whether or not other real-life celebrities have inspired Edna, particularly Vogue editor-in-chief Anna Wintour and actress Linda Hunt.
Despite having only a supporting role in the film, Edna has since established herself as The Incredibles' breakout character due to her popularity among fans. While film critics agree that Edna is a scene-stealer, particularly praising her humor and dialogue, Bird has also been considerably lauded for his voice acting, earning an Annie Award for Voice Acting in a Feature Production for his performance. Edna has been recognized as one of Pixar's greatest characters by several media publications.
Contents
[hide]
1 Development
1.1 Creation and voice
1.2 Personality, design and influences
2 Characterization
3 Appearances
4 Critical reception
5 Impact and legacy
6 References
Development[edit]
Creation and voice[edit]
In addition to creating the character, writer and director Brad Bird also provides the voice of Edna, using a unique accent that has been described as a hybrid between German and Japanese.
Edna was created for The Incredibles by writer and director Brad Bird.[4] Having watched several superhero-themed films and television shows prior to developing The Incredibles, Bird had often found himself wondering who is responsible for making the superheroes' elaborate costumes.[5] Bird conceived Edna upon discovering that, despite featuring characters dressed in fancy, extravagant costumes, traditional superhero films rarely offer any explanation as to how superheroes came to obtain these outfits, or who provides them in the first place.[6] The director wanted to counter the trope of a muscular superhero sewing his own costume, finding it hard to believe that superheroes would suddenly develop a strong enough interest in fashion to design their own outfits.[6] Therefore, Bird decided that if the world were to be populated with superheroes, there would naturally also be people responsible for designing their costumes who must also have a background in science and engineering,[7] thereby envisioning Edna as a scientist and technical genius in addition to being a fashion designer.[6] The director elaborated, "The way I saw it, the costumes had to be created by somebody with a scientific and engineering background", thus conceiving Edna as "a half-German, half-Japanese, tiny powerhouse of a character".[7] The Incredibles was the first Pixar film to earn a PG rating; Edna is considered to be one of the studio's earliest attempts at approaching "darker, edgier comedy," which is particularly demonstrated by the scene in which the character cites several graphic examples of capes directly resulting in the deaths of several superheroes, one of whom is shown being consumed and killed by a jet turbine.[8] According to Bird, the creation of Edna took the notion of superheroes wearing designed costumes "to a further extreme".[1]
Edna was named after EMode, a software Pixar used at the time the film was made.[9][10][11] Bird identified Edna as the "most fun character" he had written for the film, recalling, "Any day that I was writing her, I was one happy camper."[6] Edna follows the tradition of having a director voice one of the film's secondary characters in animated films, which was based around Bird's "slave-driver voice" that he used during production.[12] Bird's voice for the character originated during the story boarding process, during which various Pixar employees typically provide characters' voices temporarily while the filmmakers and animators organize the film's pacing and staging in order to "get a sense of the film."[13] Although these voices are usually eventually replaced by professional actors and voice actors, there are some situations in which "those voices stick", as was the case with the voice Bird had created for Edna.[6] Bird had also provided the temporary voices of other characters during this time, including Bob Parr and Syndrome.[14] Several actresses had been considered for the role; one actress, whom Bird is particularly fond of, constantly asked Bird to repeatedly demonstrate his interpretation of one of Edna's lines until telling him that he should simply voice the character himself since he "kind of got a beat on it".[6] The role was also offered to actress and comedian Lily Tomlin, who was sent a tape recording of Bird recording Edna's part in its entirety;[15] Tomlin declined upon hearing Bird's interpretation, feeling she could not voice the character as funnily as he did.[16] Bird's colleagues had to heavily convince him to voice the character himself.[17] Finally succumbing to "popular demand" from his fellow Pixar employees, Bird joked that he was ultimately cast as Edna simply because he was both affordable and available at the time.[18] A similar tactic was used for several other supporting characters in the film: animator Bret Parker voices Kari, the Parr family's babysitter, writer Bud Luckey voices government agent Rick Dicker,[19] and production designer Lou Romano voices Bernie Kropp, Dash's teacher.[14]
Bird described Edna's voice as a combination of a Japanese and German accent, deciding to draw influence from these countries because "they're two small countries that have amazing design and amazing technology", citing cameras and cars of examples of technology in which they specialize.[6] Urban Cinefile's Louise Keller described the character's voice as "mid European ... complicated by an Asian touch".[20] Although Bird's performance is considerably broad, he avoids allowing Edna to become too much of a caricature in order to maintain the illusion that she is one of the film's smartest characters.[21] In the Italian and French-language versions of the film, Bird's comic accent is replaced by that of French-Italian entertainer Amanda Lear, who offers a more seductive, "biting" interpretation.[22] Lear said that dubbing Edna's voice was not an easy process, but accepted the job after being offered the role upon seeing the film at the Cannes Film Festival in order to fulfill her dream of having always wanted to voice a Disney character.[23] Edna was the first character Lear was hired to dub in Italian.[23]
Personality, design and influences[edit]
Bird believes that he shares some of Edna's personality traits, specifically the way in which he prefers to be involved in virtually every creative aspect of his projects, including story boarding, writing and cinematography,[13] admitting that he and his character demonstrate both a high level of self-confidence and lack of self-doubt when it comes to their own work.[7] Bird elaborated that "At my most confident, I feel like her ... She is absolutely convinced that her way is the right way, and if you disagree … you’re just wrong!”[15] Bird identified Edna as one of the film's most difficult characters to design.[1] The character went through several different changes in appearance during the development process, ranging from taller and overweight to older, younger and thinner.[19] Inspired by the large impact that countries such as Japan and Germany have on the world despite being comparatively small in size, Bird decided that Edna would demonstrate this theme by being "a tiny character that dominates the room when she gets into it."[6] Her home, which uses high-end technology similar to what she incorporates into the outfits she creates,[3] was deliberately designed to be significantly larger than she is to further emphasize this theme of dominance.[6] Edna's small stature was also inspired by singer Bette Midler, of whom Bird has always been a fan. The director recalled being surprised by Midler's height when he first met her "Because ... she absolutely dominates the screen. And it just struck me how much personality was in this small body."[6] In terms of animation, Bird wanted all of the film's characters to move differently from each other, providing Edna with a very confident walk to represent the fact that she has "never experienced doubt in her life."[14] The animators found the fact that Bird provided the character's voice himself to be very helpful as he would often act out the way in which the character acts and behaves himself, which helped in further defining the animator's vision of Edna.[1] According to Bird, Edna, despite her petite stature, is the only non-superhero in The Incredibles capable of making superheroes feel uncomfortable.[24] Bird described Edna as a character who is "not remotely intimidated by superheroes or anyone", refusing to accept the word "no" when it is used in opposition of her opinions or beliefs.[7]
Describing Edna's physical attributes as "severe", Bird had envisioned the character having glasses and a pageboy haircut, while still wanting her to appear modern and elegant at the same time.[1] Edna's ethnicity has been identified as half-German and half-Japanese.[7][25][26][27] Both Edna's physical appearance and voice are widely believed to have based on those of costume designer Edith Head,[16][28] with whom she shares her signature round glasses and black bob cut.[22] According to Head's entry in the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, the character is inspired by both the costume designer's signature glasses and "forthright personality".[29] Bird described Edna as a combination of both Head and Q,[30] a character featured in the James Bond franchise.[31][2] The director has generally declined to confirm any direct influences on the character, insisting that Edna is "not based on a specific person",[32] including publicly refuting claims that he based the character on Head, although she continues to be considered the character's "most legitimate" alleged inspiration.[28] However, animator Teddy Newton, who co-designed Edna with Bird, revealed that he and Pixar were inspired by the film Unzipped (1995), a documentary depicting the petulance of fashion designer Isaac Mizrahi and stylist Polly Allen Mellen.[31] Fans have long speculated about the real-life inspiration behind Edna's design and appearance.[15][28] Bird stated he has constantly been told by various fans and viewers that the character reminds them of at least 15 different celebrities since the character debuted in The Incredibles.[31] Contributing to Fashion, Erin Dunlop described the character as "a supercharged hybrid of every fashion industry legend we can think of".[33] In an article discussing who Edna is based on, Entertainment Weekly's Steve Daly cited Vogue editor-in-chief Anna Wintour, designer Coco Chanel and actress Lotte Lenya as possible influences, while drawing similarities between the character's use of large-framed glasses to architect Philip Johnson, producer Robert Evans, talent agent Swifty Lazar, studio executive Lew Wasserman, and fashion editor Carrie Donovan.[31] Some critics have suspected that the character is also based on Mary Quant and Una Jones.[34] Acknowledging that there are several female fashion designers who wear glasses upon whom Edna could have been based, Bird admitted that the character was inspired by author Patricia Highsmith and actress Linda Hunt, elaborating: "When you're designing a character, you're just saying - who is that? ... We tried a lot of stuff and we kept saying no, no, more like this, but I like the nose on this one, and maybe the pageboy cut, maybe glasses should be bigger ... and you end up with something that reminds you of Edith Head and Linda Hunt."[19][35]
For the sequel, shading art director Bryn Imagire decided to incorporate more of Edna's Japanese heritage into her two new costumes, basing them on the work of Japanese costume designers Rei Kawakubo, Eiko Ishioka and Chitose Abe.[15] Imagire was particularly inspired by Kawakubo's quote, "For something to be beautiful, it doesn’t have to be pretty,” and opting to envision Edna's outfits "more as abstract sculpture" as opposed to forms of clothing.[15] In order to design costumes for a fictional character who also happens to be a designer in her own film, Imagire drew upon lessons she had learned while attending art school, describing Edna's style as "very to the point and very specific" while imagining what the character might be thinking while designing her clothes.[36] Meanwhile, character artist Deanna Marsigliese's first assignment was to create an entire line of clothing designed by Edna,[37] for which she was tasked with "thinking like Edna".[38] Although ultimately the completed clothing line does not appear in the final film, Marsigliese considered the experience to be " a study in [Edna's] character" nonetheless, during which she drew inspiration from Edna's appearance and wardrobe in the first film, from her dress to the interior of her house.[37] Although she was aware that Edna enjoys being dramatic, she acknowledge that "fashion designers don’t necessarily design things that they would wear on their person, they design for their models", meaning, "Their aesthetic is oftentimes different.”[38] Similarly, Imagire agreed that fashion designers such as Kawakubo, Ishioka and Abe "always looked really comfortable in contrast to what they were creating for their models", a contrast that she wanted to incorporate into the character.[38] Recalling that Edna dislikes models, the artist envisioned that the character would instead design her own clothing to serve as "a vehicle to celebrate superheroes and her powers."[38] Inspired by Italian fashion designer Elsa Schiaparelli, Marsigliese created a "classic, mid-century inspired silhouette" for Edna's costumes that were also bold and dramatic as though Edna herself had designed them, then rearranging the designs to ultimately give them a more surreal, specific appearance.[38] Dubbing the character a "woman of the now", Marsigliese explained that, like Schiaparelli, Edna is "completely ahead of her time" despite living in the 1950s; "she used a lot of surrealist elements, a lot of fun surprises, and that was very inspiring for me.”[37] Imagire designed approximately 25 potential costumes for Edna, 15 of which she showed to Bird before the final two were decided upon: a simple indigo dress and black-and-red kimono.[15]
Characterization[edit]
According to Matthew Brunson of Creative Loafing, Edna provides the majority of the film's comic relief.[39] Hischak believes that Edna offers "a whole new viewpoint to the world of superheroes", in addition to demonstrating the film's "oddball silliness".[40] Vogue Italia published a biography of Edna, in which author Valentina Fabbri described her as a character who "knows she’s the best and she doesn’t hide it, and her lack of modesty is equalled only by her intuition", with whom it is virtually impossible to have a conversation because "she tends to dominate."[22] Due to her combination of genius-level intellect and "craziness," Fabbri identified Edna as "a fun, bubbly caricature of the magicians of fashion" by "embod[ying] their talent and charisma, their vices and virtues."[22] Screen Rant's Victoria Robertson observed that the character "has a lot of personality packed into a small exterior, taking stereotypical traits often attributed to designers and making them her own", firstly remaining proud of her own work at all times.[41] Oliver Lyttelton of IndieWire identified Edna as quite possibly the film's most intelligent character.[21] Edna's criticisms of fashion can come off as unpleasant at times, but are exaggerated to the point of which audiences find them to be comical.[23] Edna prefers to always think about the future, finding dwelling on the past to be distracting from the present, as demonstrated by her line "never think about the past, dahling, it distracts from the now",[42] and thus has proven capable of determining the needs of her superhero clientele before they have the opportunity to finalize their ideas themselves.[22] Her personality has been described by GamesRadar+'s Joshua Winning as "brassy" and "no-nonsense".[26] Q13 Fox described Edna as "a gifted designer, an assertive life coach and a witty talker,"[2] using her mind and intelligence as a means of solving everyday issues.[28] BuddyTV believes that the character's "bold and eccentric attitude" is rivaled only by her considerable talent.[3] According to Kevin Carr of Film School Rejects, Edna "doesn’t take crap from anyone" yet "she does so with poise and pride."[12] The San Francisco Chronicle's Carla Meyer argues that Edna is "more a caricature than a character."[43]
Actress Linda Hunt, one of the celebrities to whom Edna's appearance have constantly been compared and often believed to have been based on.
Scott Tobias of Rolling Stone called Edna "a reminder that the superhero suit needs to the perfect synthesis of form and function", without which "greatness as both a crimefighter and an icon is impossible."[44] According to Thomas S. Hischak, author of 100 Greatest American and British Animated Films, Edna is just as concerned with the appearance of the costumes she designs as she is about their use and practicality,[40] proving capable of designing outfits that can stretch, change their shape and resist oncoming attacks such as missiles and fires.[22] The character proves capable of designing a costume for Violet that is capable of becoming invisible whenever its wearer does.[43] She absolutely refuses to incorporate capes into her new designs due to the accessory having a history of contributing to the deaths of superheroes in the past, among them Dynaguy, Thunderhead, Stratogale, Meta-Man and Splashdown,[10] presenting them as a "montage of superhero couture faux-pas".[45] Ultimately, her knowledge of the dangers of capes results in the death of the film's villain Syndrome.[21] In terms of her own appearance, Edna is costumed in "futuristic black" attire, wearing a black dress that boasts square lines.[22] Estimating her height to be of approximately three feet, The Tyee's Dorothy Woodend wrote that Edna is dressed in Issey Miyake pleats while being of "indeterminate gender".[46] VPRO drew similarities between the character's hairstyle and personality to that of Vogue editor Anna Wintour,[10] the resemblance to whom Tech Times' Katherine Derla identified as "The first thing viewers are likely to remember upon seeing" the character.[47] According to STATUS magazine, Edna is often mistaken for the magazine editor largely due to her "snappy sass and iconic bob".[48] /Film's Angie Han joked that Edna's "no-nonsense demeanor" would leave Wintour "quaking in her Chanel boots."[49] When asked about the alleged similarities between her and the character, Wintour revealed that she has yet to see the film.[35] Derla also wrote that Edna is capable of "run[ing] the world" but opts to operate from behind the scenes instead.[47] The term "diminutive" is often used to describe the character's height.[26]
Considering herself to be "too talented" to design clothes for normal humans,[22] Edna resents having been forced to resort to designing clothes for supermodels during the 15-year-long absence of superheroes,[32] dismissing them as "Spoiled, stupid little stick figures with poofy lips who think only about themselves",[2] an opinion she formed after being forced to work with such individuals in Milan and Paris.[3][50] Edna believes that designing clothes for superheroes is similar to designing for gods, and thus considers herself to be far superior to other fashion designers.[3] Despite her considerable success as one of the world's top fashion designers internationally,[1] Edna longs to return to working with superheroes so that she can challenge her designs by "fus[ing] the latest technology with her impeccable fashion sense" to the public's amusement, who continue to adore both her and her creations,[50] insisting that there is nothing "super" about supermodels.[1] Despite designing elaborate costumes for a living, Edna prefers a more simple aesthetic for herself, generally avoiding nail polish and accessories.[28] Racked's Carlye Wisel observed that although the sequel "may have deep roots in midcentury-modern design ... Edna remains true to her forward-looking style, wearing a red silk kimono as well as an asymmetrical sheath that feels like yet another nod to Kawakubo’s work."[28] In addition to being a talented fashion designer, Edna has also demonstrated proficiency in psychology. In addition to designing their clothes, she offers advice to her clients whenever she feels that they require it,[22] demonstrating a "zero-tolerance policy for emotional weakness" which, according to The Dissolve's Charles Bramesco, represents Bird's "lament[ing] regular folks’ tendency to impede awesome people from being awesome."[51] Edna is known for her tendency to refer to her cohorts as "dahling",[9][27] while her colleagues affectionately refer to her as "E".[1] In addition to citing her resemblance to Wintour, journalist Hadley Freeman of The Guardian believes that Edna's use of fashion in the film represents "The highest pinnacle of human achievement. Without them the world would come to an end."[52]
Appearances[edit]
Edna first appears in The Incredibles as a fashion designer to superheroes and close friend of the titular characters.[22] During the “golden age of superheroes",[11] Edna is one of a few elite guests who attend the private wedding ceremony of Bob and Helen Parr, then better-known to the public as the superheroes Mr. Incredible and Elastigirl. After all superheroes have been outlawed and forced to retire following a series of lawsuits,[26] forcing Edna to retire from superhero work due to government restrictions,[11] Edna does not appear again until approximately midway through film when she is unexpectedly visited by Bob who has resumed superhero work undercover, a secret he keeps from his family. Bob initially asks Edna to simply repair his original super suit, but she ultimately convinces him to allow her to design an entirely new outfit on the condition that capes not be incorporated whatsoever due to safety concerns, ultimately ending her 15 years-long retirement from superhero work.[53] Helen soon discovers that Bob's original super suit had received a patch job, determining that the only person capable of repairing a super suit would be Edna and growing more suspicious of Bob's actions.[24] Later in the film, Helen visits Edna in the hopes of finding out more information about Bob's whereabouts, discovering that she had taken the liberty of designing a complete matching set of super suits for his family.[43] Although their reunion is brief, Edna provides an initially distraught Helen with the encouragement she needs to resume her identity as Elastigirl in order to save her husband (and their marriage), in addition to introducing the character to the homing device she had implanted in her husband's suit, intentionally revealing his exact location to her.[43]
Edna appears in the film's sequel, Incredibles 2 (2018). When Helen is recruited by a pair of entrepreneurs to change the public's perception of superheroes and thus returns to work to fight crime as Elastigirl,[28] Edna is upset to learn that Elastigirl's costume has been designed by a rival designer. Bob soon becomes overwhelmed by Jack-Jack's emerging superpowers, and recruits Edna for assistance with controlling him. Although Edna is initially reluctant to babysit Jack-Jack,[28] she soon develops a strong liking for the baby and insists that she babysit him free of charge, during which she further customizes the super suit for him that is equipped to assist his father and siblings with raising him and understanding his abilities.[15] She gives the enhanced suit to Bob in a custom shopping bag, which bears a logo for her services that incorporates her signature eyeglasses into its lettering.[28] Edna also appears in Disney on Ice's adaptation of the film: The Incredibles in a Magic Kingdom Adventure.[54]
Critical reception[edit]
The public was immediately captivated by Edna upon her debut, becoming particularly enamored with the character's combination of irreverence and sulkiness.[22] Edna instantly established herself as a fan favorite when the film was released in 2004,[15][55] which Racked's Carlye Wisel has attributed to the character's combination of wit and style.[28] Several critics have referred to Edna as a scene-stealing character;[13][31][32][56] Fashion magazine's Erin Dunlop crowned Edna "the undisputed scene-stealer of" the film.[33] Dubbing her "One of the great scene-stealing characters in The Incredibles", HowStuffWorks contributor Vicki Arkoff called Edna "deliciously deadpan".[7] Ken Hanke, writing for the Mountain Xpress, considers Edna to be among the film's gags and characters who "are delightful and very funny", particularly highlighting the character's anti-cape monologue while deeming her "worth the price of admission".[57] Film critic Peter Bradshaw, contributing to The Irish Times, described Edna as "a joy with her wonderful and appropriate maxim: 'I never look back, darling. It distracts from the now.'"[58] Dorothy Woodend, writing for The Tyee, praised Edna as "a more interesting creature than all the Incredibles put together." Describing her as "a personage I'd like to see more of", Woodend continued that the character "steals the show, and does fabulous things with it, darling."[46] Referred to as one of the film's "high point[s]", Kevin Lally of Film Journal International described the character's anti-cape montage as "pricelessly funny",[59] a sentiment with which Matt Brunson of Creative Loafing agreed.[39] The National Post described Edna as "exactly the kind of person you want at your dinner party".[42] Notable Biographies identified Edna as "one of the audience's favorite characters".[60]
Bird has also garnered critical acclaim for his performance. Nell Minow of Common Sense Media wrote that Bird "plays the funniest character in the film",[61] while AllMovie's Perry Seibert described his performance as "screamingly funny".[62] Pete Vonder Haar of Film Threat wrote that Bird contributes "the best work" to the film as Edna in terms of dialogue and vocal performance, calling her rant about the "idiocy" of capes "priceless."[63] Scott Chitwood, writing for ComingSoon.net, agreed that Bird is " absolutely hilarious as Edna".[64] Empire's Colin Kennedy dubbed Bird's voice work "an unmistakable highlight".[65] BBC's Stella Papamichael agreed that the director "steals the show" as Edna.[66] Carla Meyer, wrtiing for the San Fransicso Chronicle, wrote that Bird's performance as Edna "shows his versatility".[43] In 2005, Bird won an Annie Award for Voice Acting in a Feature Production at the 32nd Annie Awards for his performance as Edna,[67] in addition to being rewarded for writing and directing the film.[68] Bird was rewarded over actor Samuel L. Jackson, who had been nominated in the same category for his role as Frozone.[69] Wisel appreciated Edna's cameo in the sequel, describing it as "perfect in its restraint."[28] Bird revealed that fans tend to be more impressed by the fact that he provides Edna's voice than his success as a director and writer, explaining, "If I say a line in Edna’s voice, that’s far more delightful than the fact that I spent four years wrestling something into being."[70]
Impact and legacy[edit]
Edna's popularity among fans and audience members has helped establish her as the film's breakout character.[71][72][73][74][75] Screen Rant's Alex Welch attributes this designation to both her comedic rapport with the titular characters and passion for superhero costumes.[75] Gregory E. Miller of the New York Post cited Edna's impact since The Incredibles as significant in spite of her relatively brief appearance,[15] while HelloGiggles contributor Sydney Bucksbaum crowned her "the real hero" of The Incredibles.[76] Vogue Italia contributor Valentina Fabbri wrote that Edna's debut ended "superheroes [dressed] in homemade outfits" in film.[22] According to Fabbri, Edna is one of Pixar’s most beloved characters,[22] while Hollywood.com's Julia Emmanuele dubbed her "one of the most memorable Pixar characters of all time" who has ultimately "become the film’s enduring legacy", despite being a supporting character.[77] Uproxx contributor Donna Dickens wrote that the character "went down in pop culture history" from the moment she uttered "No capes!”[78] Edna has constantly been ranked among Pixar's greatest characters by several media publications.[9][79][80][12] In their article "Top 10 Pixar Movie Characters", Tech Times ranked Edna seventh.[47] IGN ranked Edna eighth in their countdown of the "Top 10 Pixar Characters", calling her "a pint-sized fashionista ... who has a flair that only a superhero could truly appreciate."[81] Rolling Stone placed the character ninth on the website's list of the "25 Best Pixar Movie Characters", ranking her ahead of Mr. Incredible (24th), Violet Parr (20th) and Elastigirl (14th).[44] Contributor Scott Tobias wrote that the character "stops the action cold just to have a sequence about appropriate action-wear for the specially abled, culminating in a brilliant screed on the impracticality of capes."[44] Unranked, Q13 Fox called Edna one of Pixar's "Pixar’s 15 best characters".[2] Including Edna among the studio's 20 best characters, Victoria Robertson of Screen Rant cited her as "proof of how important even the most minor characters in a film can be."[41] GamesRadar+ included Edna among Pixar's "50 Greatest Pixar Characters Of All Time", with author George Wales crowning her "One of Pixar's finest comic creations".[82] Additionally, GamesRadar+ considers Edna to be among Pixar's 12 greatest supporting characters.[26] D23.com recognized Edna as one of Pixar's "23 Favorite ... Supporting Characters", deeming her "An icon in her own right".[53] /Film ranked Edna Pixar's sixth best female character, crowning her "the wisest character in the entire Incredibles universe" due to her anti-cape stance, which she has described as the film's "most valuable piece of advice".[49] The Odyssey Online published an article discussing "Why Edna Mode Is The Disney Heroine We Never Knew We Needed", in which author Erin Farmer dubber her "the real heroine of the Disney Franchise", additionally comparing her motivational speeches to those of Mahatma Gandhi.[83] GamesRadar+ ranked Edna's introductory scene the 12th best moment in a Pixar film, deeming her "the perfect embodiment of the film's tongue-in-cheek approach to realism".[84] Entertainment Weekly ranked Edna's anti-capes speech the 12th best Pixar moment.[8] In 2015, E! ranked Edna 10th on their list of "11 Forgotten Disney Characters Who Should Totally Be Your Favorites".[85]
In 2015, Empire ranked the character the hundredth greatest film character of all-time.[4] Vulture.com ranked Bird's role as Edna the fourth greatest performance in an animated film, calling it "a scene- and movie-stealing performance".[17] Similarly, Entertainment Weekly placed Edna fourth on their ranking of "The 10 greatest Pixar voice performances", with author Marc Snetiker calling it "an all-too-short but memorably delicious appearance" in which Bird "left an indelible mark on his own universe".[86] Snetiker called the character "overwhelmingly funny thanks to Bird’s unrestrained efforts on even the simplest lines."[86] IndieWire ranked Bird's performance as Edna the 14th "30 Best Voice Performances In Pixar Movies".[21] Kiko Martinez of the San Antonio Current found Bird's performance to be worthy of an Academy Award, ranking him among "15 Actors Who Should’ve Won an Oscar for Their Voice Work".[87] In 2013, Screen Rant crowned Edna "The world’s greatest fashion designer".[75] Fashion ranked Edna among the magazine's "10 coolest fashion industry pros".[33] In their "critical assessment of 7 fictional fashion designers", Mary Sollosi of Entertainment Weekly wrote that she is "consistently impressed by Ms. Mode’s truly groundbreaking textile work" despite feeling that she tends to limit herself to familiar silhouettes, joking, "we are perplexed by her stubborn refusal to incorporate new design features — most notably capes."[88] In June 2018, Carlye Wisel of Racked crowned Edna "Film’s greatest fashion character", deeming her "the best fictional fashion personality ever to exist, animated or not". She prefers her over The Devil Wears Prada's Miranda Priestly (Meryl Streep), insisting that Edna "feels more grounded and true" Miranda, a fictional magazine editor who is frequently touted the "best-ever fashion character".[28] Describing her as "effortless and memorable," Wisel concluded, "at a time when a label like Gucci is exploding its brand with misspellings and magpie tendencies to draw attention, she remains classic. Edna is never anything but fully herself — all hair, accent, and attitude."[28]
Edna's catchphrase against using capes in superhero costumes has become one of the most popular phrases among superhero fans.[77] Edna has become so popular that fans have begun to demand a spin-off film revolving around the character.[89] Screen Rant ranked Edna the third Pixar heroine who deserves her own film, with author Wednesday Lee Friday writing, "There are so many things Pixar could do with Edna, she might be worthy of a trilogy."[11] At the 77th Academy Awards in 2005, Edna presented the Academy Award for Best Costume Design alongside actor Pierce Brosnan.[22][26] In 2013, the D23 Expo hosted its first official cosplay competition, naming it "Heroes and Villains à la Mode" in honor of Edna; contestants competed in five categories, with the winners being awarded miniature statuettes of the character.[90] To promote the film's upcoming sequel in which Edna is scheduled to appear,[91] Disney released a mockumentary-style teaser trailer that features various celebrities involved in the fashion industry paying tribute to Edna and describing ways in which the character has influenced them over the years ever since she decided to venture into haute couture.[78] Disney revealed the trailer at the D23 Expo in 2017.[78] Fashion models Heidi Klum, Kendall Jenner and Rachel Zoe are among the celebrities who speak about Edna's influence on the fashion industry.[92] Impressed by their commitment to pretending Edna is real, Halle Kiefer of Vulture.com joked that the tribute features some of the participants' "most impressive onscreen roles to date".[93] Rachel Kolb of Uproxx wrote that having Edna design new costumes for the family in Incredibles 2 would be one way to ensure that the sequel is better than the original.[94] Beginning in 2018, Edna has been used heavily in Incredibles 2's first advertising campaign.[71] In February 2018, the character's likeness was used heavily on several bus and subway posters within Manhattan, New York surrounding New York Fashion Week.[71] Disney-Pixar's announced on their Twitter account: "If you thought she’d miss #NYFW, you thought wrong, dahling".[71] The poster features a black and white closeup image of the character with only her lips colored red,[76] accompanied by the caption "It's been too long, dahlings."[72] Bucksbaum called the poster "stunning".[76]

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The Chain
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the 1984 comedy, see The Chain (film).
"The Chain"
Song by Fleetwood Mac
from the album Rumours
Released
February 4, 1977
Recorded
1976
Genre
Rock Psychedelic rock
Length
4:28
Label
Warner Bros.
Songwriter(s)
Lindsey Buckingham
Mick Fleetwood
Christine McVie
John McVie
Stevie Nicks
Producer(s)
Fleetwood Mac
Ken Caillat
Richard Dashut
Rumours track listing
11 tracks [show]
Side one
"Second Hand News"
"Dreams"
"Never Going Back Again"
"Don't Stop"
"Go Your Own Way"
"Songbird"
Side two
"The Chain"
"You Make Loving Fun"
"I Don't Want to Know"
"Oh Daddy"
"Gold Dust Woman"
Audio sample
file
help
"The Chain" is a song by the British-American rock band Fleetwood Mac, released on their best-selling album Rumours. It is the only song from the album credited to all five members (Stevie Nicks, Lindsey Buckingham, Christine McVie, John McVie, and Mick Fleetwood).
"The Chain" was created from combinations of several previously rejected materials, including solo work by Buckingham, Nicks and Christine McVie. It was assembled, often manually by splicing tapes with a razor blade, at the Record Plant in Sausalito, California, with hired engineers Ken Caillat and Richard Dashut.[1]
Following the critical and commercial success of Rumours, "The Chain" has been featured on The Dance, a 1997 live concert CD/DVD package, as well as several greatest hits compilations. It has attained particular fame in the United Kingdom, where the instrumental section is used as the theme tune for the BBC and Channel 4's television coverage of Formula One.[2][3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Release and reception
3 Personnel
4 Tantric version
4.1 Charts
5 Cover versions
6 Other media
7 References
7.1 Notes
7.2 Written sources
8 External links
Background[edit]
According to interviews on the writing of Rumours, the final section of "The Chain"—beginning with a bass progression—was created by John McVie and Mick Fleetwood. Stevie Nicks had written the lyrics separately and thought they would be a good match; she and Christine McVie did some reworking to create the first section of the tune. Other elements were worked in from an early project of Christine's called "Keep Me There".[1] The blues-style piano motif was removed, and the remainder combined with a bridge from yet another piece manually using a razor blade to cut and splice the tapes. To complete the song, Buckingham recycled the intro from an earlier song from a duet with Nicks, "Lola (My Love)", originally released on their self-titled 1973 album.
Due to the spliced nature of the record (the drums and guitar were the only instruments actually recorded in each other's company) and its sporadic composition and assembly from different rejected songs, "The Chain" is one of only a few Fleetwood Mac songs whose authorship is credited to all members of the band at the time.[1] The finished song itself has a basic rock structure, although it has two distinct portions: the main verse and chorus, and the outro. The song shows influences of hard rock, folk, and country, using a dobro to play the guitar riff.[1][4]
Release and reception[edit]
Rumours garnered widespread critical acclaim upon its release. Subsequent analysis of "The Chain" has also led many to cite it as one of the most evocative expressions of the internal fracture between various band members at the time. Buckingham and Nicks were ending their relationship at the same time that John and Christine McVie's marriage broke down, as did that of Fleetwood and his wife Jenny Boyd.[1] In 1997, Fleetwood Mac released a live concert CD/DVD package called The Dance, which featured the reunion of the Rumours-era Fleetwood Mac members. The rendition of "The Chain" reached number 30 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. It has also appeared on The Very Best of Fleetwood Mac and 25 Years - The Chain.
Chart ("The Dance" Version)
Peak
position
US Mainstream Rock Singles 30
Canadian Singles Chart 51
Chart (2011)
Peak
position
UK Singles Chart 81
Region
Certification
United Kingdom (BPI)[5]
Gold
Personnel[edit]
Lindsey Buckingham – electric guitars, Dobro, lead vocals
Stevie Nicks – lead and harmony vocals
Christine McVie – Harmonium, Hammond organ, harmony vocals
John McVie – fretless bass guitar
Mick Fleetwood – drums, tambourine
Tantric version[edit]
"The Chain"
Single by Tantric
from the album After We Go
Released
Winter 2004
Format
CD
Genre
Post-grunge
hard rock
alternative rock
Length
4:21
Label
Maverick
Songwriter(s)
Lindsey Buckingham
Mick Fleetwood
Christine McVie
John McVie
Stevie Nicks
Tantric singles chronology
"Hey Now"
(2003) "The Chain"
(2004) "After We Go"
(2004)
"Hey Now"
(2003) "The Chain"
(2004) "After We Go"
(2004)
The song was recorded by the American rock band Tantric, released as the second single off their 2004 second album After We Go. Though being released as a single the song lacked much promotion, debuting at number 36 on the US Mainstream Rock chart.
Tantric's cover of the song was used as the theme song for the HBO Documentary series Family Bonds.[6]
Charts[edit]
Chart (2004)
Peak
position
US Billboard Mainstream Rock 36
Cover versions[edit]
There have been numerous covers of "The Chain". 1980s rock band Shark Island included a cover of "The Chain" on their 1989 album Law of the Order, notable for not including the famous bass solo in the song. Canadian heavy metal band Kick Axe performed a cover of "The Chain" on Rock the World, their third studio album, released in 1986. In 2009, Three Days Grace originally recorded "The Chain" for their album Transit of Venus but was one of the few not put on the record. However, it was put on their Lost in You EP, and since September 22, 2009, they have been playing "The Chain" at their concerts throughout their tour. The band also performed it at IHeartRadio in December 2009, and Shawn Colvin performed a cover of the song for Legacy: A Tribute to Fleetwood Mac's Rumours. The hard rock band Taking Dawn also performed a cover of "The Chain" on their 2010 debut album titled Time to Burn. They regularly perform the song as part of their live sets.
This song was sampled by rap artists Bone Thugs-n-Harmony in the song "Wind Blow" off their album Strength and Loyalty, and rapper Project Pat used the bass line in the last section of the song on his song "Don't Save Her" off his album Mista Don't Play. It was also sampled in Sway DaSafo's debut single titled "Up Your Speed".
Little Big Town sometimes covers this song.
Mumford & Sons, Vampire Weekend, Ben Howard, Haim and Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros performed this song live for the final song of their Summer Stampede festival at the Olympic Park, London, in July 2013.
Brandi Carlile covered "The Chain" for Sweetheart 2014, a Valentine's Day themed album sold at Starbucks stores and online.
Florence + The Machine covered the song live at the Glastonbury Festival in 2010.
Other media[edit]
The ending of "The Chain"
The ending as used by the BBC's Formula 1 coverage and other media outlets
Problems playing this file? See media help.
The BBC's Formula One coverage used the ending bass line as a theme tune from 1978 until the BBC's loss of TV rights to ITV Sport in 1997, thus making the song highly recognisable in the United Kingdom.[7] On 29 March 2009 the song re-entered the UK Chart at #94 through downloads, following confirmation from the BBC that it would be reintroduced, the BBC having regained broadcasting rights from ITV. On 20 March 2011, "The Chain" peaked higher at #81 in the UK chart following a campaign on Facebook to try to get the song to number 1 for the start of the 2011 Formula One season.[2] By November 2014, the song had been certified Silver by the British Phonographic Industry based on download sales alone, making it one of Fleetwood Mac's most successful songs in the UK.
Mark Radcliffe and Stuart Maconie have a feature on their BBC Radio show called The Chain which is a list of songs, each track having something in common with the one before it, beginning with "The Chain" and introduced each time with the bassline from the song. Marvel Studios utilized "The Chain" in two trailers for Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, including one that aired during Super Bowl LI.[8] It is heard twice in the film itself, and appears in the movie's soundtrack, Awesome Mix Vol. 2.[9]
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Carroll (2004) p. 134-136.
^ Jump up to: a b "BBC Formula One coverage to bring back Fleetwood Mac's 'The Chain'". Daily Telegraph. 24 February 2009. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
Jump up ^ Klein, Jamie (12 February 2016). "Channel 4 to keep 'The Chain' as F1 theme song". Motorsport.com. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Garbarini, Vic (March 1998). "Interview with Lindsey Buckingham". Guitar World. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "British single certifications – Fleetwood Mac – Everywhere". British Phonographic Industry. Enter Everywhere in the search field and then press Enter.
Jump up ^ Zahlaway, Jon Tantric takes another swing on U.S. club circuit Archived 2009-03-25 at the Wayback Machine. LiveDaily.com (August 26, 2004). Retrieved March 22, 2008.
Jump up ^ "BBC unveils 2009 F1 coverage – and return of The Chain". crash.net. 2009-02-24. Retrieved 2009-02-24.
Jump up ^ Wilkening, Matthew. "Fleetwood Mac’s ‘The Chain’ Gets an Even Bigger Spotlight in New ‘Guardians of the Galaxy’ Trailer". Ultimate Classic Rock. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Hiatt, Brian. "Inside the 'Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2' Soundtrack". Rolling Stone. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
Written sources[edit]
Caillat, Ken (2012). Making Rumours: The Inside Story of the Classic Fleetwood Mac Album. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 1118218086.
Carroll, Cath (2004). Never Break the Chain: Fleetwood Mac and the Making of Rumours. Vinyl Frontier. ISBN 1556525451.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Listen to "The Chain" on YouTube
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On with the Show
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Richard Dashut
Clifford Davis
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Keith Olsen
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