text:
The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)
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Tracy McConnell
How I Met Your Mother character
The Mother appearing in "The Locket"
First appearance
"Lucky Penny (unseen)"
"Something New" (seen)
Last appearance
"Last Forever"
Created by
Carter Bays
Craig Thomas
Portrayed by
Cristin Milioti
Information
Aliases
The Mother
Gender
Female
Spouse(s)
Ted Mosby
Significant other(s)
Max (deceased former boyfriend)
Louis (ex-boyfriend)
Children
Penny Mosby (daughter, born in 2015, played by Lyndsy Fonseca)
Luke Mosby (son, born in 2017, played by David Henrie)
Nationality
American
Birthdate
September 19, 1984 (1984-09-19) (age 33)
Tracy McConnell (colloquial: "The Mother") is the title character from the CBS television sitcom How I Met Your Mother. The show, narrated by Future Ted (Bob Saget), tells the story of how Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor) met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in eight episodes, from "Lucky Penny" to "The Time Travelers", as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in "Something New" and was promoted to a main character in season 9. The Mother is played by Cristin Milioti.
The story of how Ted met The Mother is the framing device behind the series; many facts about her are revealed throughout the series, including the fact that Ted once unwittingly owned her umbrella before accidentally leaving it behind in her apartment. Ted and The Mother meet at the Farhampton train station following Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris) and Robin Scherbatsky's (Cobie Smulders) wedding; this scene is shown in "Last Forever", the series finale. The Mother's death from an unspecified terminal illness in 2024, also revealed in the series finale, received a mixed reaction from fans.
An alternate ending was released in the ninth season DVD. In the alternate ending, Tracy Mosby is still living when Ted is telling the story in 2030.[1][2] In the video, Future Ted is heard saying, "...When I think how lucky I am to wake up next to your mom every morning, I can't help but be amazed how easy it all really was...", indirectly stating that The Mother is alive. The video ends right after the train passes at Farhampton station and credits start rolling, implying that Ted never went back to Robin and went on to have a long, happy marriage with Tracy.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Casting
2 Character history
2.1 Name
3 Death
4 Notes
5 References
Casting[edit]
During its first eight seasons, the successful sitcom How I Met Your Mother often hinted at the unseen character of The Mother. Well-known actresses often made guest appearances on the show. Many fans expected that another would play one of the most-wanted roles in Hollywood, but creators Carter Bays and Craig Thomas wanted an unknown. Using Anne Hathaway and Amy Adams as examples, Thomas said that "We didn’t want it to be a big famous star because we didn’t want the wider audience to have associations with whatever actress this would be ... The whole idea is that Ted’s never seen this woman before, so it better feel that way to the audience", similar to how Cobie Smulders being cast as Robin Scherbatsky had "kept the show alive" when it began. Bays and Thomas also did not want a large casting call.[4][5]
They chose Cristin Milioti after seeing her on 30 Rock and Once; her musical ability was also helpful, as The Mother had been described as a band member. After competing for the role against at least two others, Milioti filmed her first scene—for the last episode of season 8—having never watched How I Met Your Mother; she recalled, "I had ignorance on my side. So I didn’t know what it meant." Milioti learned of the character's importance only after binge watching the show during the summer.[5][6]
Character history[edit]
The Mother was born on September 19, 1984.[note 1]
The Mother, joined by her roommate Kelly (Ahna O'Reilly), awaits the arrival of her boyfriend Max, only to receive a call informing her of his death. After the funeral service, she returns to the apartment to open Max's last gift to her — a ukulele. The Mother spends the next few years grieving the passing of the man she believes was her one true love.[7]
In "Wait for It", it is revealed that the short story of how they met involved her yellow umbrella. In "No Tomorrow", Ted finds the umbrella at a club and takes it home after attending a St. Patrick's Day party which she also attended, as it had been two and a half years since Max's death. She is still grieving, but Kelly encourages her to go out and date again, bringing her to the same bar where Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris) and Ted are celebrating. The two women run into Mitch (Adam Paul), her old orchestra instructor; The Mother offers to give Mitch her cello for his work at a school and they head to her apartment. Mitch tries to seduce her with a move called "The Naked Man", but she turns him down. Whilst Mitch is still naked, prompting the Mother to crack some jokes at him, they sit on her couch and start talking. That is when Mitch encourages her to pursue her dreams. The Mother expresses her desire to end poverty by taking up economics in college.[7]
On his first day of teaching as Professor Mosby, as seen in the season 4 finale "The Leap", he is seen in front of the classroom of students, one of which Future Ted says is the titular mother. But in the first episode of season 5, "Definitions", it is revealed that he was actually in the wrong classroom — Economics instead of Architecture. At the same time in "How Your Mother Met Me", the Mother sits her first session in Economics 305 and meets another graduate student named Cindy (Rachel Bilson), whom she offers to move in with her as her roommate. They see Ted enter the room, but when he announces the subject, The Mother thinks she is in the wrong room and runs off. She heads back to the room after seeing Ted scramble to his actual classroom.
Later, in "Girls Versus Suits", Ted dates Cindy, not knowing that her roommate is his future wife. Throughout the episode, Ted notes that Cindy had spent most of their first date talking jealously about her roommate. When in Cindy and the mother's apartment he picks up many of The Mother's belongings, attempting to show how compatible he and Cindy are (thinking the items are Cindy's) and glimpses the mother's foot as she disappears into her room after taking a shower. Ted finds out at this time that she plays bass guitar in a band. Ted forgets to take the yellow umbrella with him when he goes out and Future Ted mentions, "this is how your mother got her yellow umbrella back." In "How Your Mother Met Me", it is revealed that, after Ted left the apartment, the Mother had discovered the umbrella and, upon going to question Cindy, finds her in a state. As she tried to console her, Cindy said that she was a much better match for Ted, and began to lovingly list all of the reasons that Ted would find the mother attractive, before spontaneously kissing her, revealing that her jealousy towards her roommate was actually a crush. While this incident made Cindy realise that she is a lesbian, it also made the Mother decide to go back into dating, as the kiss was her first in a long time.
Some time after this, a man named Darren (Andrew Rannells) approaches The Mother and is welcomed into her band named Superfreakonomics. Darren gradually takes over the band.[7]
In the season 6 opener "Big Days" it is revealed Ted meets his future wife "the day of" the wedding at which he is the best man. In the episode "False Positive" Robin asks Ted to be her future best man, should she ever get married. In the episode "Challenge Accepted", it is revealed that Ted meets the mother of his children the day of Barney's wedding. In the last episode of season 7, "The Magician's Code" it is shown that Barney will marry Robin, and Ted will meet the mother "the day of" their wedding. On the premiere of season 8, Ted's wife appears after Barney and Robin's wedding, outside at the "Farhampton" station while holding a yellow umbrella and her bass guitar.
In the season 8 episode "Band or DJ?," Ted runs into Cindy and her partner on the subway and tells them that the band Barney and Robin hired to play at their wedding cancelled at the last minute. The end result of the encounter is that Cindy's (now ex-) roommate's band plays at Barney and Robin's wedding.
The Mother is first shown meeting Louis (Louis Ferrigno Jr.) in "How Your Mother Met Me" as she is left to carry the band equipment while the now-lead band member Darren talks to his fans. Later at MacLaren's Pub, she tells him she's not yet ready to date. Louis asks her to give him a call if she changes her mind, and they begin dating not long after. They live together for the next two years, but she knows deep down that she doesn't love him.
The Mother meets all of Ted's best friends - Barney, Robin, Lily Aldrin (Alyson Hannigan), and Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel) - before she meets him. The Mother is responsible for convincing Barney to pursue Robin, as revealed through a flashback in "Platonish". In "The Locket", Tracy meets Lily on a train journey.
In "Bass Player Wanted", the Mother picks up a hitchhiking Marshall, carrying his infant son Marvin, on her way to Farhampton Inn. On their way, it is revealed that the Mother is a bass player in the band that is scheduled to play at the wedding reception, but Darren forced her to quit. The Mother ultimately decides to confront Darren and retake the band. Before she, however, Darren walks up to her, furious the groom's best man punched him for "no reason", and quits the band.
In "How Your Mother Met Me", it is shown that after this incident, the Mother returns to Louis' summer cottage not far from the Farhampton Inn where she has been staying for the duration of the wedding weekend. As she walks in the door, Louis proposes to her, but she goes outside to think about it for a few minutes. She looks skyward and asks Max for permission to let him go and move on; she takes a sudden gust of wind as a "yes", says goodbye, and declines Louis' proposal when she goes back inside. She leaves his cottage and checks in at Farhampton Inn. On her room's balcony, she plays the ukulele and sings "La Vie en Rose". Ted hears her singing from his room next door.
In "Gary Blauman", Ted and the Mother are on their first date. Ted picks her up at her New York City apartment and they proceed to walk to a Scottish-Mexican fusion restaurant for dinner. On the way there, Ted is telling her a story when they nearly have a run-in with Louis. She says that she is in the "weirdest place on earth" right now and that it is too soon for her to be dating. Ted walks her back to her apartment. They say goodnight and Ted begins to walk away. The Mother then stops him and asks him to finish the story he was telling her. When the story is over, they say goodnight again. The Mother takes a step towards Ted and they kiss for the first time, before deciding to carry on their date.
In a flashforward in "The Lighthouse", Ted proposes to the Mother at the top of the lighthouse near Farhampton Inn. She immediately accepts. In another flashfoward in "Unpause", the Mother is revealed to be pregnant with their second child, Luke, in the year 2017. She goes into labor while she and Ted are staying at Farhampton.
Name[edit]
The Mother's real name is not revealed until the series finale, "Last Forever". When Ted meets her at the Farhampton train station, she reveals that her name is Tracy McConnell. In the season 1 episode "Belly Full of Turkey", Ted meets a stripper named Tracy and says "...that, kids, is the true story of how I met your mother". The children are horrified, but then he says he is joking,[9] which led some fans to correctly guess that The Mother's name is Tracy.[10]
Death[edit]
See also: Last Forever
In the series finale, it is revealed that six years prior to Ted telling the story to his children, Tracy died in 2024 from an undisclosed illness. In the finale the characters do not directly state that the mother is dead. Ted says that she "became sick" and his children said that she has been "gone" for six years. Many fans expressed considerable disappointment to The Mother's death.[11] Milioti cried when she learned her character was supposed to die, but came to accept the ending was what the writers had planned from the beginning.[12] Bill Kuchman from Popculturology said that The Mother was "an amazing character"[9] and that "over the course of this final season HIMYM made us care about Tracy.[13] Kuchman said that "asking fans to drop all of that with a simple line about The Mother getting sick and passing away was a very difficult request", that the finale "advanced too quickly" and that "HIMYM was a victim of its own success on this issue".[9]
A petition was started, aiming to rewrite and reshoot the finale. The petition has over 20,000 signatures and considerable online news coverage.[14][15] On April 5, 2014, Carter Bays announced on Twitter that an alternate ending would be included on the Season 9 DVD. No new material was shot for this scene.[16][17] In the alternate ending, The Mother is still living when Ted is telling the story in 2030.[18][1]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ The Mother celebrates her 21st birthday on the day that "Pilot" is set.[7] The pilot is set on September 19, 2005.[8]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Debnath, Neela (7 September 2014). "How I Met Your Mother alternative finale leaks online ahead of DVD release". The Independent. London, England: Independent Print Ltd. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
Jump up ^ Kreps, Daniel (September 6, 2014). "Watch the Happier 'How I Met Your Mother' Alternate Ending". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media LLC.
Jump up ^ MacGregor, Rachel (September 23, 2014). "8 reasons why How I Met Your Mother should've used its alternative ending". Metro UK. London, England: DMG Media. Retrieved July 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ Stransky, Tanner (May 13, 2013). "'How I Met Your Mother': Burning questions about the mother". Entertainment Weekly. New York City: Meredith Corporation.
^ Jump up to: a b Fallon, Kevin (May 14, 2013). "'How I Met Your Mother' Mother Revealed: Meet Cristin Milioti". The Daily Beast.
Jump up ^ Fallon, Kevin (November 3, 2015). "How Cristin Milioti Met 'Fargo'—And Left 'How I Met Your Mother' Behind". The Daily Beast.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "How Your Mother Met Me". How I Met Your Mother. Season 9. Episode 16. January 27, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Pilot". How I Met Your Mother. Season 1. Episode 1. September 19, 2005. CBS.
^ Jump up to: a b c Kuchman, Bill (April 4, 2014). "'How I Met Your Mother' 'Last Forever' Recap: A Divisive Finale and What It Means for 'HIMYM'". Popculturology. Retrieved July 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ Rullo, Samantha (March 10, 2014). "What is The Mother's Name on 'How I Met Your Mother'? Episode Title Might Hold the Secret". Bustle. New York City: Bustle Digital Group. Retrieved July 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ "HIMYM Tomatometer Watch: Series Finale Currently Rotten - Majority of critics disappointed by 'Last Forever'". Rotten Tomatoes. April 2, 2014. Retrieved April 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ Rothman, Michael (4 October 2014). "Why Cristin Milioti Sobbed When She Found Out Her Character's Fate in 'How I Met Your Mother'". ABC News. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Kuchman, Bill (March 31, 2014). "'HIMYM' Finale Instant Reaction". Popculturology. Retrieved July 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ Grubb, Brian (April 4, 2014). "Now There's A Petition To 'Rewrite And Reshoot' The 'How I Met Your Mother' Ending". Uproxx. Retrieved July 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ Maresca, Rachel (April 3, 2014). "'How I Met Your Mother' series finale sparks online petition from fans who want ending changed". New York Daily News. New York City: Tronc. Retrieved July 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ @CarterBays (9 April 2014). "Update for those who've been asking: Alt #himym ending will be on s9 DVD and also in the series box set" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ James, Lauren (April 5, 2014). "'How I Met Your Mother' May Get Alternate Ending After Petition, Says Carter Bays". Contact Music. Retrieved July 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kreps, Daniel (September 6, 2014). "Watch the Happier 'How I Met Your Mother' Alternate Ending". Rolling Stone. New York City: Wenner Media LLC. Retrieved November 16, 2014.
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Jimmy John's
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"Jimmyjohns" redirects here. For the type of container, see carboy.
Jimmy John's Franchise, LLC
Type
Privately held company
Founded
1983; 35 years ago (1983)
Founder
Jimmy John Liautaud
Headquarters
Champaign, Illinois, United States
Number of locations
2,630 (December 2016)
Key people
James North (CEO)
Owner
Jimmy John Liautaud, Roark Capital Group[1]
Website
jimmyjohns.com
Jimmy John's Owner, Founder, and Chairman Jimmy John Liautaud
Jimmy John's Franchise, LLC is an American franchised sandwich restaurant chain, specializing in delivery. Founded by Jimmy John Liautaud in 1983 and headquartered in Champaign, Illinois, in 30 years, the company has grown to more than 2,500 locations[2] in all states except Alaska, Connecticut, Hawaii, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island & Vermont.[3] Jimmy John's has opened approximately 200 locations per year over the past three years.[4] As of 2014[update], 98% of the locations are franchise-owned.[5]
The original Jimmy John's shop in Charleston, Illinois, opened January 13, 1983.
Contents
1 History
1.1 Labor relations
2 Awards
3 Philanthropy
4 Sponsorships
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
A Jimmy John's in Gillette, Wyoming
After Jimmy John Liautaud graduated second to last in his class at Elgin Academy (1982), his father gave him the choice to join the military or start a business.[6] Liautaud chose the latter, and his father lent him $25,000 to start a hot dog business, with the son owning 52% of the business, and his father owning 48%.[7] He soon realized that a hot dog business would cost more than he had, so he decided to open a sandwich shop.[8][9]
On January 13, 1983, the first Jimmy John's opened in a garage in Charleston, Illinois. Paying $200 a month in rent, Liautaud could only afford used equipment consisting of a refrigerator, a chest freezer, an oven, and a meat slicer.[10]
The store was able to realize a profit its first year of business, despite the poor location of the store, due to Jimmy John’s willingness to deliver his sandwiches to the nearby dorms at Eastern Illinois University, as well as his handing out free samples for marketing purposes.[3][8]
In April 1985, Liautaud bought out his father's interest in the business, becoming the sole owner. In 1986, he opened his second store in Macomb, Illinois, and in 1987, he opened a third in Champaign, Illinois.
In 1988, Liautaud met Jamie Coulter, who would later become the CEO of Lone Star Steakhouse & Saloon. Coulter mentored Liautaud and “taught [him] how to effectively run multiple units.”[8]
Liautaud continued opening more stores and developed a prototype before beginning franchising in 1994. Franchising continued until 2002 when Liautaud stopped selling franchises for one year to give support for stores that were struggling.[11] The first franchise store opened in Eau Claire, Wisconsin. In 2001, the hundredth Jimmy John's store opened in Mt. Pleasant, Michigan. In 2007, the five-hundredth store opened in Seattle, Washington, and in 2010, the thousandth opened in Beaverton, Oregon.[12]
As of March 2017, Jimmy John's has almost 3,000 stores with plans for expansion up to 5,000 and beyond.[13]
CNNMoney listed Jimmy John’s as one of ten “Great Franchise Bets.” The company estimates that annual sales can be as high as $1.2 million while net profits can average at about $280,000. Real estate start-up costs are estimated to be between $305,000 and $485,500.[10]
Liautaud realized that in order to grow he would need help acquiring better locations for his stores. Since he had little expertise in real estate, he decided to take on a partner who did. In January 2007, Liautaud sold a 33% stake to Weston Presidio, a San Francisco–based private-equity firm.[14] In the first year after partnering with Weston Presidio, 100 real estate deals were closed.[8]
The company has completed two recapitalizations since Weston Presidio's investment.[15]
In the summer of 2015, pictures of Liautaud posing with big game circulated on social media, leading to increased calls to boycott his restaurants. In an interview in 2015 with the Chicago Tribune, Liautaud said, "I don't hunt big African game anymore."[3]
In September 2016, Jimmy John's announced that Roark Capital Group had agreed to acquire a majority stake in the company. Terms of the transaction were not immediately disclosed, though it was later clarified that Liautaud retained 35% ownership of the company as part of the deal.[16] As part of the agreement, the company's founder and largest individual shareholder Jimmy John Liautaud will continue as chairman of the board.[17][18]
Labor relations[edit]
In 2010, when the Industrial Workers of the World attempted to unionize ten Minneapolis locations, The New York Times called the effort "one of the few efforts to organize fast-food workers in American history."[19]
In October 2014, it was revealed that employees at Jimmy John's, including sandwich makers and delivery drivers, were required to sign non-compete agreements as a condition of employment.[20][21] The agreement restricted the employee from working for a competitor for two years, where a competitor was defined as a business which derives more than ten percent of its revenue from selling sandwiches and is located within three miles of any Jimmy John's. Additionally, the employee could not work for another Jimmy John's franchisee for a year.[22] Jimmy John’s has since settled lawsuits filed by the Attorneys General of New York & Illinois on this matter. In statements, the company clarified that it had taken steps to remove noncompete agreements from their new hire paperwork long before they were contacted by the Attorneys General, and that “Enforcement of noncompete agreements against our own hourly store employees is not a part of Jimmy John’s culture or business model.”[23]
Awards[edit]
Jimmy John's was named #1 on the Entrepreneur 2016 Franchise 500.[24] In 2014, YouGov BrandIndex ranked restaurant chains that have the highest millennial brand loyalty, and Jimmy John's topped the ranking with 83% of the vote based on restaurants they would consider going to again.[25] Jimmy John's was named the #2 Most Popular Restaurant for Business Meals by expense reporting program Certify.[26] In 2015, Entrepreneur.com named Jimmy John's one of the 10 Promising Franchises for Ambitious Entrepreneurs.[27] In March 2017, Jimmy John's won Franchise Times' "Deal of the Year" for attracting Roark Capital Group as the company's new majority owner. FT's judges called the deal "one of the best private equity deals of all time in the restaurant business."[28]
Philanthropy[edit]
In September 2014, Jimmy John’s donated $1 million to the Folds of Honor Foundation, a foundation which supports the families of killed or disabled soldiers.[29] During the 2015 school year, Jimmy John’s donated more than 100 laptop computers to the Champaign Unit 4 School District.[30] Jimmy John’s donated $125,000 to the Champaign Parks Foundation to support the Youth Scholarship Program in November 2016.[31]
In June 2017, Jimmy John’s donated $100,000 to EAT (RED) SAVE LIVES to offer HIV/AIDS medication in sub-Saharan Africa.[32]
Sponsorships[edit]
Starting in 2007, Jimmy John's began sponsoring NASCAR, first with Steven Wallace in 2007 and 2008. In 2009 and 2010, Jimmy John's sponsored Kevin Harvick in the NASCAR Nationwide Series.[33] In 2011, Jimmy John's and Richard Childress Racing reached a multi-year agreement to sponsor Harvick for the Sprint Cup Series. The 2014 sponsorship continued with Harvick and the Stewart-Haas Racing team.[34] On September 13, 2014, Jimmy John's became the title sponsor of the Jimmy John's Freaky Fast 300 at Chicagoland Speedway.[35] Harvick won the 2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Championship, giving Jimmy John's their first championship.
In 2010, Jimmy John's entered an Ultimate Fighting Championship sponsorship with Brock Lesnar with logos appearing on his trunks. This sponsorship extended to WWE upon Lesnar's return to that company in 2012, making him the only WWE performer in history to be permitted such a deal.[36]
In 2015, Jimmy John's co-sponsored the RCH Factory Racing Supercross and Motocross team featuring Ken Roczen. The team contested both the Monster Energy AMA Supercross and the Lucas Oil Pro Motocross championships.[37] In June, Jimmy John's sponsored former NASCAR champion Rusty Wallace for his Speed Energy Formula Off-Road debut at the 2015 X Games.[38]
In June 2015, it was announced that Jimmy John’s purchased the naming rights to the Utica, Michigan baseball stadium which is the current home of the three teams in the newly formed United Shore Professional Baseball League.[39] Jimmy John's Field opened on May 30, 2016.[40][41]
Other Jimmy John's sponsorships include the Boston Red Sox, Chicago Blackhawks, Detroit Red Wings, Houston Astros, Nashville Predators, St. Louis Cardinals, Seattle Mariners and the GoDaddy.com Bowl among many others.[42]
Jimmy John's owners have also supported local organizations in their communities. Two such sponsored organizations include the Utah Youth Soccer Association[43] and the Arizona Soccer Association.[44]
See also[edit]
Food portal
Companies portal
Illinois portal
List of submarine sandwich restaurants
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Roark Capital Buys Majority Stake in Jimmy John's". The Wall Street Journal. 2016-09-08.
Jump up ^ "Jimmy John's Sandwiches Franchise Information". Entrepreneur.com. Retrieved Jun 6, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c Bomkamp, Samantha (November 3, 2015). "Jimmy John's founder opens up on expansion, big game hunting, possible IPO". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ QSR Magazine, March 30, 2010
Jump up ^ "10 Things You Didn't Know About Jimmy John's". The Daily Meal. Jun 3, 2014. Retrieved Jun 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Reece: The ABCs of success in business". Northwest Herald. February 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "McHenry County Business Journal - Jimmy John's born from tough love". Archive.biz-journal.com. Archived from the original on June 16, 2011. Retrieved June 13, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Success Stories: Jimmy John Liautaud". SUCCESS Magazine. Mar 4, 2009. Retrieved Jun 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ "10 Things You Didn't Know About Jimmy John's - Facts & Trivia". Thrillist. May 10, 2015. Retrieved Jun 6, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "10 Great Franchise Bets - Jimmy John's". CNN Money. June 16, 2011. Retrieved Jun 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Jimmy John's Sandwiches Business Overview". Franchising.com. Retrieved Jul 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ "1000th store".
Jump up ^ Ewen, Beth (March 22, 2017). "How Jimmy John's landed FT's deal of the year". Franchise Times. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Jimmy Johns stake sold". Chicago Tribune. January 4, 2007. Archived from the original on January 6, 2007. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ Olivia Oran (May 26, 2015). "Exclusive: Gourmet sandwich chain Jimmy John's prepares IPO - sources". Reuters.
Jump up ^ Frost, Peter (21 January 2017). "Jimmy John Talks". Crain's Chicago Business. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Taylor, Kate (8 September 2016). "How a 19-year-old turned a sandwich shop into a billion-dollar business". Business Insider. Retrieved 11 September 2016.
Jump up ^ Frost, Peter (8 September 2016). "Arby's owner buys Jimmy John's majority stake". Crain's Chicago Business. Retrieved 15 September 2016.
Jump up ^ Steven Greenhouse (October 20, 2010). "Rare Vote Set on a Union in Fast Food". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ Jamieson, Dave (October 13, 2014). "Jimmy John's Makes Low-Wage Workers Sign 'Oppressive' Noncompete Agreements". The Huffington Post. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ Irwin, Neil (October 14, 2014). "When the Guy Making Your Sandwich Has a Noncompete Clause". The New York Times. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Employee Confidentiality and Non-Competition Agreement" (PDF). Huffington Post. September 19, 2014. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ Frost, Peter (December 7, 2016). "Jimmy John's backs off controversial noncompetes in deal with Illinois AG". Crain's Chicago Business. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ "2016 Top Franchises from Entrepreneur's Franchise 500 List". Entrepreneur. Retrieved 2016-07-07.
Jump up ^ Ashley Lutz. "5 Restaurant Chains Millennials Love". Business Insider Australia. Retrieved January 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Can You Guess The Most Popular Restaurant For Business Meals?". Bisnow. Retrieved January 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ "10 Promising Franchises for Ambitious Entrepreneurs". Entrepreneur. Retrieved 2016-01-06.
Jump up ^ Ewen, Beth (14 March 2017). "Jimmy John's Leads List of Franchise Times Dealmakers Winners". Franchise Times. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Dodson, Don (30 July 2014). "Military charity getting $1 million from Jimmy John's". The News-Gazette (Champaign-Urbana). Retrieved 9 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Schmit, Emily (1 June 2015). "JIMMY JOHN'S COMPUTER DONATION BENEFITS UNIT 4 STUDENTS & FACULTY". Champaign Unit 4 School District. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Jimmy John Liautaud: We are happy to help the park district help more kids". Champaign Park District. 22 November 2016. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Stevens, April (15 June 2017). "Jimmy John's supports (RED), donates $100K in the fight against AIDS". WZZM. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Jimmy John's Jumps On Board With KHI". Hardcoreracefans.com. February 10, 2009. Archived from the original on July 24, 2011. Retrieved June 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Jimmy John's to sponsor Harvick in 2014". NASCAR. September 24, 2013. Retrieved September 24, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Jimmy John's Folds of Honor". Retrieved July 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ "The pro wrestling post: WWE stock, Lesnar's sponsors and TNA-Bellator working together?". mmapayout.com.
Jump up ^ "Ken Roczen signs with RCH racing". May 2015.
Jump up ^ Fryer, Jenna (April 2, 2015). "Rusty Wallace to Compete in off-Road Truck Race at X Game". ABC News. Archived from the original on 2015-04-03. Retrieved April 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bill Shea (June 23, 2015). "Jimmy John's buys naming rights to new Utica baseball stadium". Crain's Detroit Business.
Jump up ^ Kevin Reichard (May 30, 2016). "New Utica Ballpark a Springboard for League Expansion". Ballpark Digest.
Jump up ^ Zach Spedden (February 1, 2016). "Ballpark Preview: Jimmy John's Field". Ballpark Digest.
Jump up ^ Bill Shea (June 23, 2015). "Jimmy John's adds another sports sponsorship—in Michigan". Crain's Chicago Business.
Jump up ^ "Jimmy John's". Utah Youth Soccer Association. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
Jump up ^ "ASA & Jimmy John's Announce Partnership". Arizona Youth Soccer Association. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jimmy John's.
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Unicode input
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Unicode logo
Unicode input is the insertion of a specific Unicode character on a computer by a user; it is a common way to input characters not directly supported by a physical keyboard. Unicode characters can be inserted in three ways: from the screen by means of an applet from which one can select the character, by pasting from the operating system's clipboard, or by typing a certain sequence of keys on a physical keyboard. Unicode is similar to ASCII, but provides many more options and can store more signs.[1]
A Unicode input system needs to provide a large repertoire of characters, ideally all valid Unicode code points. This is different from a keyboard layout which defines keys and their combinations only for a limited number of characters appropriate for a certain locale.
KCharSelect picks some of Unicode Mathematical Operators
Contents
[hide]
1 Unicode numbers
1.1 Decimal input
1.2 Unicode in HTML
1.2.1 In Thunderbird
2 Availability
3 Selection from a screen
4 Hexadecimal code input
4.1 In Microsoft Windows
4.2 In macOS
4.3 In X11 (Linux and Unix variants)
4.4 In platform-independent applications
5 Character mnemonics
6 See also
7 External links
8 References
Unicode numbers[edit]
Unicode characters are distinguished by code points, which are conventionally represented by "U+" followed by four or five hexadecimal digits, for example U+00AE or U+1D310. Characters in the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP), containing modern scripts – including many Chinese and Japanese characters – and many symbols, have a 4-digit code. Historic scripts, but also many modern symbols and pictographs (such as emoticons, playing cards and many CJK characters) have 5-digit codes.
Decimal input[edit]
In some applications on Microsoft Windows, particularly those using the RichEdit control, decimal Unicode code points (for example, 256 for U+0100) are supported with Alt codes.
Unicode in HTML[edit]
Main article: Numeric character reference
HTML uses a different syntax for code points. Character codes may be specified after ampersand (&) and the number sign (#), and are followed by the semicolon (;). The number can be either in decimal or in hexadecimal. Preceding zeros may be omitted. If the input is in hexadecimal, the number is preceded by an "x". Some characters can also be used by "entity name".
Example: The HTML code of the copyright sign U+00A9 (or ©) can be:
© (decimal input)
© (hexadecimal input)
© (entity name)
In Thunderbird[edit]
The HTML option in the Thunderbird Insert menu allows the insertion of Unicode characters using the HTML syntax. ©, for example, produces ©. For an em dash, — can be used.
Availability[edit]
The ability to input a Unicode character does not guarantee that it can be displayed; it can only be displayed when the application supports Unicode text and can access a font which contains a glyph for the character. [2] Very few fonts have full Unicode coverage; most only contain the glyphs needed to support a few writing systems and natural languages, at most.
Applications generally only access one font at a time for a given span of text, so when the current font does not support a particular character, the character will usually be shown as an empty box, a question mark or other generic replacement character, e.g. "�". This behavior was common in older web browsers and editors, but most modern browsers and other text-processing applications are able to display multilingual content because they perform font substitution, automatically switching to a fallback font when necessary to display characters which aren't supported in the current font. Which fonts are used for fallback and the thoroughness of Unicode coverage varies by software and operating system; some software will search for a suitable glyph in all of the installed fonts, others only search within certain fonts.
Selection from a screen[edit]
Applet for character selection
Many systems provide a way to select Unicode characters visually. ISO/IEC 14755 refers to this as a screen-selection entry method.
Microsoft Windows has provided a Unicode version of the Character Map program (find it by hitting ⊞ Win+R then type charmap then hit ↵ Enter) since version NT 4.0 – appearing in the consumer edition since XP. This is limited to characters in the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP). Characters are searchable by Unicode character name, and the table can be limited to a particular code block. More advanced third-party tools of the same type are also available (a notable freeware example is BabelMap).
macOS provides a "character palette" with much the same functionality, along with searching by related characters, glyph tables in a font, etc. It can be enabled in the input menu in the menu bar under System Preferences → International → Input Menu (or System Preferences → Language and Text → Input Sources) or can be viewed under Edit → Emoji & Symbols in many programs.
Equivalent tools – such as gucharmap (GNOME) or kcharselect (KDE) – exist on most Linux desktop environments.
Hexadecimal code input[edit]
Different glyphs of Unicode U+0061.
Clause 5.1 of ISO/IEC 14755 describes a Basic method whereby a beginning sequence is followed by the hex number representation of the code point and the ending sequence. On some systems, this is limited to the BMP (characters up to U+FFFF).
In Microsoft Windows[edit]
In order to enable a universal (independent of language settings) input method in Windows, one can add a string type (REG_SZ) value called EnableHexNumpad to the registry key HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Input Method and assign the value data 1 to it. Users need to log off/in on Windows 8.1/8.0, Windows 7, and Vista or reboot on earlier systems after editing the registry for this input method to start working. Unicode characters can then be entered by holding down Alt, pressing the + on the numeric keypad, followed by the hex code - using the numeric keypad for digits from 0 to 9 and letter keys for A to F digits - and then releasing Alt.[2] This may not work for 5-digit hex codes like U+1F937.
UnicodeInput window
If, as on many laptops, the numeric keypad is unavailable, the utility UnicodeInput can be downloaded.[3] If one invokes this program when typing text, the window shown on the right appears; to produce the desired character and make the window disappear, enter the hex value and press ↵ Enter.
AutoHotkey scripts support substitution of Unicode characters for keystrokes. For example, the command Send {U+2014} will insert an em dash in a text field in the active window.[4]
Some individual Windows programs or apps already support the input of Unicode. For instance, WordPad and LibreOffice programs (Writer, Calc, etc.) support the following input method: one first enters the character’s hexadecimal code (between two and six hexadecimal digits), then immediately presses Alt+x. For example, entering f1 and then pressing the combination will produce the character ñ. Unless it is six hexadecimal digits long, the code must not be preceded by any digit or letters a–f as they will be treated as part of the code to be converted. For example, entering af1 followed by Alt+x will produce ૱ (U+0AF1), but entering a0000f1 followed by Alt+x will produce a ñ. This also works in Microsoft Word 2002/2003 for Windows. In Microsoft Word 2007/2010 for Windows Alt+c has to be used.
In macOS[edit]
In macOS the "Emoji & Symbols" (⌘ Command+Ctrl+Space) menu can be found in the Edit menu in many programs. This brings up the Characters palette allowing the user to choose any character from a variety of views. The user can then also search for the character or Unicode plane by name.[5] In Mac OS 8.5 and later: one chooses the Unicode Hex Input keyboard layout; in OS X Yosemite, this can be added in Keyboard→Input Sources. Holding down the ⌥ Option, one then types the four-digit hex Unicode code point and the equivalent character appears. One can then release the ⌥ Option key.[6] Characters outside of the BMP exceed the four-digit limit of the Unicode hex input mechanism but can be entered using the search entry box in the Character Viewer (Edit → Emoji & Symbols) or by using surrogate pairs.[7] To use surrogate pairs, hold down the ⌥ Option key, the first surrogate, the + key (shift key is ignored), the second surrogate and then release the Option key.
In X11 (Linux and Unix variants)[edit]
The possibility of hexadecimal code input on operating systems using the X Window System depends on the system and applications. Hex input is not implemented in the common X.Org Server.[8] Individual input methods and GUI toolkits can provide hex input independent of the X server.
For example, GTK+ is an ISO/IEC 14755-conformant system[citation needed]. The beginning sequence is Ctrl+⇧ Shift+U and the ending sequence is ↵ Enter or Space. Programs based on GTK+, such as GNOME applications, support Unicode input.
There are two common methods for direct input of Unicode characters:
Hold Ctrl+⇧ Shift and type u followed by the hex digits. Then release Ctrl+⇧ Shift.
Enter Ctrl+⇧ Shift+u, release, then type the hex digits, and press ↵ Enter (or Space or even on some systems, press and release ⇧ Shift or Ctrl ).
In non-GTK applications, however, there usually is no escape sequence to input arbitrary input characters. For example, Qt and KDE rely on the standard X Input Method (XIM) framework, and do not implement their own solutions.[9] In xterm, these input methods are not supported, but using escape sequences is an alternative. rxvt-unicode implements optional ISO/IEC 14755, enabled by default.
However, regardless of the toolkit used, the Compose key subsystem can be used to configure certain key stroke combinations to input a subset of unicode.
In platform-independent applications[edit]
In Emacs, Ctrl+x8↵ Enter or Meta+xinsert-char.
In LibreOffice 5.1 onwards, type the hexadecimal number of a symbol and press Alt+X.
In Opera versions that use the Presto layout engine—i.e. up to and including version 12.xx—, enter the hexadecimal number of the desired symbol or character and then press Ctrl+⇧ Shift+x (alternative shortcut Meta+⇧ Shift++x on macOS).
In the Vim editor, in insert mode, the user first types Ctrl+V u, then types in the hexadecimal number of the symbol or character desired, and it will be converted into the symbol. (On Microsoft Windows, Ctrl+Q may be required instead of Ctrl+V.[10])
The capability of Vim to create custom mnemonics, as described below, which could be employed on an ad-hoc basis, requires the decimal code point.
Character mnemonics[edit]
RFC 1345 defines a large number (1,893) of suggested mnemonics for code points in Unicode 1.0 (as well as characters in ISO 2DIS 10646 and many other character sets in use at the time of publication). Although the document does not restrict the length of a mnemonic (for example, "10000R" for U+2182), most (1,338) of the mnemonics are two characters long, and most (416) of the remaining are three-characters. While never complete, and targeting obsolescent set definitions, the mnemonics themselves can still be used.
Vim allows mnemonics entry (confusingly called "digraphs" by Vim developers) in insert mode (the regular mode for typing text) with Ctrl+K followed by a two-keystroke RFC 1345 mnemonic; or, in addition, if the digraph option is set, by entering the first character followed by a backspace followed by the second character. Custom mnemonics can also be defined for arbitrary code points. (For example, "dig Gr 9881" associates "Gr" with U+2699 ⚙ GEAR.)
GNU Emacs allows mnemonics entry by switching to rfc1345 input mode (by default Ctrl+u Ctrl+\).
GNU Screen allows mnemonics entry with (by default) Ctrl+A Ctrl+V.
Zsh allows mnemonics entry using the insert-composed-char widget.
RFC 1345 predates the introduction of the Euro sign (€, U+20AC), but the above applications included it as the mnemonic "Eu".
See also[edit]
ASCII
Compose key
Predictive text
External links[edit]
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Unicode/List of useful symbols
TeX to Unicode - A browser extension that converts TeX to Unicode.
Unicode Code Converter
Interactive Unicode Converter
ЮNICODE Keyboard Enhancer – type Unicode characters in (almost) any Unicode-compatible application
How to enter Unicode characters in Microsoft Windows
The Unicode Consortium
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Lafontaine, Sylvain. "Unicode vs ASCII difference and benefits". MSDN. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Andrew Marcuse, "How to enter Unicode characters in Microsoft Windows". Access date: September 13, 2012
Jump up ^ To obtain the program, download the zip file here, unzip the result and, if desired, create a shortcut and move it to the taskbar. The program was written by Andrew Marcuse.
Jump up ^ "Send Keys & Clicks". AutoHotkey Foundation LLC. Copyright © 2003-2018.
Jump up ^ Support.Apple.com
Jump up ^ typing special and accented characters
Jump up ^ UTF-16/UCS-2#Encoding of characters outside the BMP
Jump up ^ Xorg Bug 26747 - X does not allow input of Unicode characters using Ctrl+Shift followed by the character code
Jump up ^ KDE Bug 103788 - input of arbitrary unicode characters as defined in ISO 14755
Jump up ^ Vim documentation: gui_w32
[show]
v
t
e
Unicode
Unicode
Unicode Consortium
ISO/IEC 10646 (Universal Character Set)
Versions
Code points
Blocks
Universal Character Set
Character charts
Character property
Planes
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