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Police ranks of the United Kingdom
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Licensing Act 2003
Railways and Transport Safety Act 2003
Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act 2005
Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005
Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011
Anti-Social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014
Policing and Crime Act 2017
Statutory Instruments[show]
Police and Criminal Evidence (Northern Ireland) Order 1989
Crime
Terrorism
v
t
e
Most of the police forces of the United Kingdom use a standardised set of ranks, with a slight variation in the most senior ranks for the Metropolitan Police Service and City of London Police.[1][2] Most of the British police ranks that exist today were chosen by Home Secretary Sir Robert Peel, the founder of the Metropolitan Police, enacted under the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829. The ranks at that time were deliberately chosen so that they did not correspond with military ranking (with the exception of Sergeant), because of fears of a paramilitary force.
In short, the ranks are from bottom to top:
Police Constable and Sergeant
Inspector and Chief Inspector
Superintendent and Chief Superintendent
Assistant chief constable, Deputy chief constable and Chief constable (outside London only).
See the variations section below for the ranks in London, Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man.
Contents
[hide]
1 Rank insignia
1.1 Uniform insignia
2 Examples of variations
2.1 City of London Police
2.2 Royal Ulster Constabulary/Police Service of Northern Ireland
2.3 Isle of Man Constabulary
2.4 Miscellaneous constabularies
3 History of police ranks
3.1 Defunct rank insignia
4 Powers
5 Detectives
6 Trainee, temporary and acting ranks
7 Identification numbers
8 Special constables
8.1 Forces using regular rank insignia
8.2 Forces using "bars" rank insignia
9 Police Community Support Officers (PCSO)
10 Traffic wardens
11 References
Rank insignia[edit]
Badges of rank are usually worn on the epaulettes. However, when in formal uniform sergeants wear their rank insignia on their upper sleeves.[1][2] When police tunics had closed collars (not open collars as worn with ties), constables and sergeants did not wear epaulettes but had their divisional call number on their collar (whence they are still often referred to as collar numbers). Sergeants wore their stripes on their upper sleeve. Inspectors and more senior ranks wore epaulettes at a much earlier stage, although they once wore their rank insignia on their collars. Most forces no longer use divisional call numbers, and retain only the collar number and rank insignia.
United Kingdom police ranks (up to Chief Superintendent)
Rank
Police Constable
Sergeant
Inspector
Chief Inspector
Superintendent
Chief Superintendent
Insignia
United Kingdom police ranks (chief officers)
Rank
Assistant Chief Constable
Deputy Chief Constable
Chief Constable (Red)
City of London Police rank
Commander
Assistant Commissioner
Commissioner
Metropolitan Police rank
Commander
Deputy Assistant Commissioner
Assistant Commissioner (Blue)
Deputy Commissioner
Commissioner
Insignia

Senior officers usually wear distinguishing marks around the outer edge of the peaks of their caps (or under the capbadge for female officers, who do not wear peaked caps). Normally this is a raised black band for inspectors and chief inspectors, a silver (gold in the City of London Police) band for superintendents and chief superintendents, and a row of silver (gold in the City of London Police) oakleaves for chief officers. Chief constables, the Commissioner of the City of London Police, and all commissioner ranks of the Metropolitan Police wear oakleaves on both the outer and inner edges of their peaks (or a double row beneath the capbadge for female officers). In Scotland, however, the mark is a silver band for inspectors and chief inspectors, a silver band and silver oakleaves on the outer and inner edges of the peak respectively for superintendents and chief superintendents, and silver oakleaves on the outer and inner edges of the peak for all chief officers.
Additionally, officers at or above the rank of commander or assistant chief constable wear gorget patches on the collars of their tunics. The gorget patches are patterned after those worn by general officers of the British Army and Royal Marines; the police versions, however, are of silver on black (gold on black in the City of London Police) rather than gold on red, in keeping with the police uniform colours.
The above ranks are used by all territorial forces in the United Kingdom, and the specialist national forces: the British Transport Police, Ministry of Defence Police, and Civil Nuclear Constabulary.[3] Other specialist forces, and those outside of the United Kingdom (including the Channel Islands, the Isle of Man and Gibraltar) use the same general system, but often have fewer senior ranks.
Chief Constable is the title of the head of each United Kingdom territorial police force except the Metropolitan Police and City of London Police, which are headed by commissioners. Ranks above Chief Superintendent are usually non-operational management roles, and are often referred to as "Chief Officer" ranks but the longer phrase "chief police officer" or similar in legislation is specifically a commissioner or chief constable, a "senior police officer" being their immediate deputy.[4] The Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police is often considered to be the highest police rank within the United Kingdom,[5] although in reality every Chief Constable and the two Commissioners are supreme over their own forces and are not answerable to any other officer;[citation needed] there is also the matter that (in the absence of mutual aid arrangements and similar) a police officer of any rank only holds the office of constable in any of the three UK national jurisdiction(s) in which he/she has been attested thus implicitly limiting any general comparison or ranking to a chief police officer's home jurisdiction.[citation needed]
Epaulettes are normally black with white sewn on or silver metal insignia, although high-visibility uniforms are often yellow with black insignia.
Uniform insignia[edit]
The rank of an officer can be found in varying details of the uniform such as headgear, sleeve patches and tunic collar details, although these details do not vary for every rank.
Illustration of uniform tunics insignia to denote rank in British police forces
Ranks
Police
Constable
Sergeant
Inspector
up to Chief
Superintendent
Assistant Chief
Constable up to
Deputy Chief
Constable
Assistant Commissioner
up to Commissioner
(and Chief Constable)
Uniform
insignia

Illustrations of headgear used to denote rank in British police forces
Ranks
Police
Community
Support Officer
Police
Constable
and Sergeant
Inspector
and Chief
Inspector
Superintendent
and Chief
Superintendent
Commander/Asst Ch Const and
Dep Asst Commr/Dep Ch Const
Assistant Commissioner
to Commissioner
and Chief Constable
Foot patrol
(male)

Mobile patrol
(male)
Foot and
mobile patrol
(female)

Traffic officer
(male)
Traffic Officer
(female)
Police Scotland, Thames Valley Police, West Yorkshire Police, and the Police Service of Northern Ireland do not wear the custodian helmet, instead using the peaked cap (which is also now worn by female officers in West Yorkshire Police). Cheshire Constabulary, Lancashire Police, and Northamptonshire Police have adopted hardened baseball-style caps for operational use. All English and Welsh forces retain the custodian helmet and other traditional headwear for ceremonial duties, however. Hampshire Constabulary have two versions of the custodian helmet for constables and sergeants. Although not visible here, hats worn by inspectors and chief inspectors have a raised black band along the outer edge of the peak (for male officers) or a black arc below the cap badge (for female officers). Merseyside Police and Police Scotland inspectors and chief inspectors wear similar hats to superintendents and chief superintendents elsewhere. Police Scotland superintendents and chief superintendents wear a row of oak leaves within the silver band. Police Scotland assistant and deputy chief constables wear two rows of oak leaves (as per chief constables).
Examples of variations[edit]
City of London Police[edit]
The City of London Police has different ranks above Chief Superintendent:
Commander (Cmdr)
Assistant Commissioner (AC)
Commissioner
City of London Police insignia is gold where that of other forces is silver. For example, rank insignia and collar numbers on epaulettes are gold, as are the bands and oakleaves on the caps of senior officers, and officers of or above the rank of Commander wear gold-on-black gorget patches on the collars of their tunics.
The City of London Police also previously had variations for some acting ranks such as sergeant and inspector: acting sergeants wore their chevrons above their divisional letters (or later "CP" for all officers, following the abolition of the force's divisions), whereas substantive sergeants wear them below their collar number. Acting inspectors were denoted by a crown in the place of their divisional letters, whilst keeping their collar number and chevrons.
Ranks of the City of London Police
Rank Police
Community
Support
Officer Constable Sergeant Inspector Chief
Inspector
Insignia
Rank Superintendent Chief
Superintendent Commander Assistant
Commissioner Commissioner
Insignia
Royal Ulster Constabulary/Police Service of Northern Ireland[edit]
The Royal Ulster Constabulary was headed by an Inspector-General and had a different rank structure until 1 June 1970, when it fully adopted the rank system used elsewhere in the United Kingdom. The RUC has now been succeeded by the Police Service of Northern Ireland, which uses the same ranks, but has a different version of the rank insignia, with the star from the PSNI badge replacing the crown.[6] Unusually, the star is worn below the pip by chief superintendents and by the Chief Constable, who wears both symbols above his tipstaves. The PSNI has retained the RUC's distinctive inverted (point-up) sergeants' chevrons.
Isle of Man Constabulary[edit]
The Isle of Man Constabulary has fewer ranks above Superintendent:
Deputy Chief Constable (DCC)
Chief Constable
Miscellaneous constabularies[edit]
For more details on this topic, see List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom § Miscellaneous constabularies.
There are, in the United Kingdom, a number of miscellaneous constabularies. These are not operated, regulated or funded by the Home Office, although they are fully authorised (by Act of Parliament) establishments. In general they provide the policing for ports, docks, tunnels, or other particular institutions. Although these forces tend to require high standards of training and accountability, which closely mirror those of the Home Office police forces, they are usually much smaller in terms of personnel, and therefore utilise fewer of the 'standard' ranks.
History of police ranks[edit]
All police forces have used a wide variety of ranks to meet their organisational needs, especially the Metropolitan Police Service. Ranks have been created, abolished, amalgamated and sometimes revived during the history of British policing. "MET" only means they are specific for the Metropolitan Police.
Defunct rank insignia[edit]
Rank
War
Reserve
Constable
Sub-
Divisional
Inspector
Sub-
Divisional
Inspector
Station
Inspector
Station
Inspector
Junior
Station
Inspector
Station
Sergeant
Chief
Inspector
Chief
Superin-
tendent
Years
active
1939 –
1948 1880 –
1922 1922 –
1949 1880 –
1936 1936 –
1949 1936 –
1949 1890 –
1980 1868 –
1953 1949 –
1974
Rank
insignia
Powers[edit]
In law, every member of a police force is a Constable whatever their actual rank, in the sense that, despite being a low-ranking or high-ranking officer, all have the same powers of arrest. The basic police powers of arrest and search of an ordinary Constable are identical to those of a superintendent or chief constable; however certain higher ranks are given administrative powers to authorise certain police actions. In England and Wales, these include the powers to:
authorise the continued detention of up to 24 hours of a person arrested for an offence and brought to a police station (granted to sergeants and above at designated police stations),
authorise section 18 (1) PACE house searches (granted to inspectors and above), or
extend the length of prisoner detention to 36 hours (granted to Superintendents).
Some authorities are matters of force or national or force policy and not subject to law, such as authorising the use of spike strips, and authorising the use of safe controlled crashes of pursued vehicles, by trained traffic police officers.
In relation to police officers of the Home Office or territorial police forces of England and Wales, section 30 of the Police Act 1996 states that "a member of a police force shall have all the powers and privileges of a Constable throughout England and Wales and the adjacent United Kingdom waters". Police officers do not need to be on duty to exercise their powers and can act off duty if circumstances require it (technically placing themselves back on duty). Officers from the police forces of Scotland and Northern Ireland and non-territorial special police forces have different jurisdictions. See List of police forces in the United Kingdom for a fuller description of jurisdictions.
Detectives[edit]
Officers holding ranks up to and including Chief Superintendent who are members of the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) or Special Branch (and certain other units) have the prefix "Detective" before their rank. Due to the nature of their duties, these officers generally wear plain clothes (except for ceremonial purposes) and so do not wear the corresponding rank insignia; however, they still operate within the same structure as their uniformed counterparts.
It is a misconception often portrayed by the media that detective ranks are superior to those of uniformed officers[citation needed]. In the United Kingdom, this is not the case, and a detective sergeant has the same powers and authority as a uniformed sergeant. The "Detective" prefix designates that the officer has a proven investigative ability and has received suitable training and passed related examinations, to conduct all manner of criminal investigations.
Trainee, temporary and acting ranks[edit]
Constables who are training to become Detective Constables sometimes bear the title Trainee Investigator (T/I) or Trainee Detective Constable (T/DC).
The prefix "Temporary" before a rank (e.g. Temporary Detective Sergeant, abbreviated T/DS) denotes an officer who has been temporarily promoted to a rank (and so who does actually hold that rank, albeit on a temporary basis), whilst the prefix "Acting" (e.g. Acting Inspector, abbreviated A/Insp) denotes an officer who is performing the role of a higher rank than the one actually held (sometimes informally termed "acting up"). Temporary ranks are often used for set periods (e.g. a six-month appointment to a particular role), whereas acting ranks, although sometimes held for extended periods, are often used for a very short time (e.g. a single shift when additional supervisory officers are required, or to replace an officer on short-term leave).
Under section 107 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, Sergeants and Chief Inspectors may be designated (by an officer of at least the rank of Superintendent) to exercise the powers of an Inspector or a Superintendent respectively. Such a designation will generally accompany such an officer being given an acting rank, so for most operational purposes there is no difference between substantive, temporary and acting ranks at Inspector and above (although there may be differences as to pay, pensions and insignia). On the other hand, under section 36 of that Act, only substantive Sergeants may be appointed custody officers.
Identification numbers[edit]
All officers have a unique identification number. These are usually referred to as shoulder or collar numbers, referring to the fact that they were once worn on the uniform collar and later on the epaulettes by constables and sergeants. Uniformed officers in many forces still wear them on the epaulettes, but other forces have badges or other ways of displaying their identification numbers. Kent Police, for instance, refers to its numbers as force numbers and officers wear them on a velcro tab on their stab vest or on a badge attached to their shirt or tunic. Officers in all forces of the rank of inspector or above do not usually wear their numbers.
In most forces these identification numbers are simple numbers, with 1 to 5 digits.
The Metropolitan Police, being a much bigger force, uses a different system:
Sergeant - borough code and 1, 2 or 3 digits
Constable - borough code and 3 or 4 digits
Special Constable - borough code and 4 digits, usually beginning with the number 5 (8 for Traffic/Transport or 9 for specialist units)
PCSO - borough code and 4 digits, the first digit being a 7
The borough code is a two-letter code which follows the digits (but displayed above them on epaulettes).
Before the reorganisation into boroughs, each division had a different code, with sergeants having two-digit numbers and constables having three-digit numbers. A few other forces still use divisional codes.
Special constables[edit]
Special constables are volunteer police officers who have exactly the same powers as a regular officer, and (with minor exceptions) wear the same uniform and are issued the same equipment. The roles of "specials" can vary greatly from force to force, though normally include working with local regular officers to provide an additional and heightened police presence on the streets and in the local community. They may also be requested to police particular events such as football matches and community events.
In virtually all police forces, there are various grades of special constable which assist in the tasking and management of the constabulary. The ranks are management grades; those holding them are not "sergeants" or "inspectors" for the purposes of the law (for example, authorisations to order the removal of disguises or to set up roadblocks). Originally, specials held the same ranks and used the same rank insignia as regular officers, but there was a general shift to distinct terms such as "area officer" and "divisional officer" in the 1980s. However, recent national practice has been for most special constabularies to revert to the regular ranks (with the prefix "Special"), although only Merseyside Police, Durham constabulary and Wiltshire Police have reverted to regular rank insignia.
Special constabulary epaulettes frequently bear the letters "SC" (with or without a crown above) to differentiate them from regular officers. Senior special constables wear the same markings on their hats as equivalent regular ranks.
Forces using regular rank insignia[edit]
Since 2000, the National Policing Improvement Agency has encouraged special constabularies to return to rank structures and epaulette insignia identical to their regular counterparts. Although most forces have now reverted to regular rank titles, only Merseyside Special Constabulary, later followed by Wiltshire Special Constabulary and the City of London Special Constabulary have reverted to regular rank insignia. Durham Special Constabulary will move to the same rank insignia as of 1 January 2017, with the SC crown worn by officers of the rank of sergeant and above only.
Forces using the regular rank insignia
Gaps in the table indicate that a rank is not used in a force's structure.
Rank Special
Police
Constable Special
Sergeant Special
Inspector Special
Chief
Inspector Special
Superin-
tendent Special
Chief
Superin-
tendent Chief Officer
of the Special
Constabulary
City of London
Special
Constabulary
(Special
Commander)
Merseyside
Special
Constabulary
Wiltshire
Special
Constabulary
Durham
Special
Constabulary
These three forces use the NPIA recommended insignia for Special Constabulary,
the thirty-nine other constabularies have not adopted this structure.
Forces using "bars" rank insignia[edit]
Other special constabularies use combinations of bars, half bars, pips, crowns, laurel wreaths, collar numbers, force crests and the SC identity (with or without a crown) to distinguish ranks (and/or role).
Forces using the alternative rank insignia
Gaps in the table indicate that a rank is not used in a force's structure.
Alternative titles used by each force are listed below the rank.
Equivalent
Rank Special
Constable Special
Sergeant Special
Inspector Special
Chief
Inspector Special
Superintendent Special Chief
Superintendent Assistant
Chief Officer
of the Special
Constabulary Deputy
Chief Officer
of the Special
Constabulary Chief Officer
of the Special
Constabulary
Avon and
Somerset
Special
Constabulary
British
Transport
Police

Cheshire
Special
Constabulary
Devon and
Cornwall
Special
Constabulary
Dorset
Special
Constabulary
Dyfed-Powys
Special
Constabulary
Essex
Special
Constabulary
Gloucestershire
Special
Constabulary
Section Officer
Assistant
Area Officer
Area Officer
Greater Manchester
Special
Constabulary
Hampshire
Special
Constabulary
Lancashire
Special
Constabulary
Metropolitan
Special
Constabulary
Northamptonshire
Special
Constabulary
Northumbria
Special
Constabulary Northumbria Special Constabulary abolished its ranks in 2006. All officers hold the rank of Special Constable, although those who previously held a supervisory rank are entitled to continue wearing their rank insignia.
Nottinghamshire
Special
Constabulary
South
Yorkshire
Special
Constabulary
Deputy
District Officer
District Officer
Stafforshire
Special
Constabulary
Suffolk
Special
Constabulary
Surrey
Special
Constabulary
Thames
Valley
Special
Constabulary
Warwickshire
Special
Constabulary
West
Mercia
Special
Constabulary
West
Yorkshire
Special
Constabulary
Section Officer
Senior
Section Officer
*Regular Chief
Inspector
These forty forces use insignia for Special ranks not recommended by the NPIA. Only three forces have adopted the approved insignia.
Police Community Support Officers (PCSO)[edit]
Variations of PCSO epaulettes varying between forces
Examples of PCSO supervisor epaulettes
Police Community Support Officers in general do not have a rank system: their epaulettes simply bear the words "POLICE COMMUNITY SUPPORT OFFICER" and their shoulder number, or, in the Metropolitan Police, a borough identification code and shoulder number.
South Yorkshire Police and Kent Police have PCSO Supervisors. In South Yorkshire they wear a bar above the words "Police Community Support Officer Supervisor" and the shoulder number.
Traffic wardens[edit]
Traffic wardens are administered by the police and exercise some police powers to control traffic or issue fixed penalty notices for traffic offences; their epaulettes bear their shoulder number and the words TRAFFIC WARDEN. They are not to be confused with local authority civil enforcement officers (formerly parking attendants) who, under decriminalised parking enforcement, have powers to issue penalty charge notices for breaches of parking laws on highways or in local authority car parks and compel the production of a disabled parking permit (blue badge) for inspection.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Badges of Rank". Metropolitan Police Service. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Thames Valley Police: Uniformed police ranks
Jump up ^ CNC ranks listed here on their website.
Jump up ^ Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011
Jump up ^ Stephenson is named new Met Police chief, The Independent
Jump up ^ Police Service of Northern Ireland: Badges of Rank
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Station Sergeant

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/wiki/Road_Policing_Unit
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Road Policing Unit

values: List of police forces in the United Kingdom

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values: Edit section: Trainee, temporary and acting ranks

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/wiki/Detective_Constable
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Detective Constable

values: Edit section: Forces using regular rank insignia

values: CoLP New Rank Insignia - Special Constable.png

values: CoLP New Rank Insignia - Special Sergeant.png

values: CoLP New Rank Insignia - Special Inspector.png

values: CoLP New Rank Insignia - Special Chief Inspector.png

values: CoLP New Rank Insignia - Special Superintendent.png

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/wiki/File:NPIA_SC.png
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SC Insignia for Merseyside

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/wiki/File:NPIA_SSgt.png
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SS Insignia for Merseyside Police

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/wiki/File:NPIA_SInsp.svg
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NPIA Special Inspector Insignia

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/wiki/File:NPIA_SCO.svg
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NPIA Special Chief Officer Insignia

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/wiki/File:NPIA_SC.svg
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NPIA SC Insignia

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/wiki/File:NPIA_SSgt.svg
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NPIA Special Sergeant Insignia

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/wiki/File:NPIA_SCI.svg
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NPIA Special Chief Inspector Insignia

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/wiki/File:NPIA_SSupt.svg
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NPIA Special Super Intendant Insignia

values: Edit section: Forces using "bars" rank insignia

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/wiki/File:Special_Constable.svg
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Special Constable rank insignia

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/wiki/File:SSgt.svg
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Special SergeantRank Insignia

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/wiki/File:SInsp.svg
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Special Inspector Rank Insignia

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/wiki/File:SCI.svg
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Special Chief Inspector Rank Insignia

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/wiki/File:SSupt.svg
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Special Superintendant Rank Insignia

values: Special Constabulary Chief Officer Insignia

values: Special Chief Superintendent Cheshire.png

values: Special Deputy Chief Officer Cheshire.png

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/wiki/Devon_and_Cornwall_Constabulary
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Devon and Cornwall Constabulary

values: Special Inspector Rank Insignia with SC & Crowns

values: Special Chief Inspector Rank Insignia with SC & Crowns

values: Special Superintendant Rank Insignia with SC & Crowns

values: Special Chief Superintendent DevonAndCornwall.png

values: Special Deputy Chief Officer DevonAndCornwall.png

values: Special Chief Officer DevonAndCornwall.png

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/wiki/Dorset_Constabulary
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Dorset Constabulary

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/wiki/Dyfed-Powys_Constabulary
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Dyfed-Powys Constabulary

values: Special Constabulary Assistant Chief Officer Insignia

values: Special Constabulary Deputy Chief Officer Insignia

values: Special Deputy Chief Officer Lancashire.png

values: Special Chief Inspector Staffordshire.png

values: Special Deputy Chief Officer Staffordshire.png

values: Special Superindentent Thames Valley.png

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/wiki/Warwickshire_Constabulary
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Warwickshire Constabulary

values: Edit section: Police Community Support Officers (PCSO)

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/wiki/Parking_attendant
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Parking attendant

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values: Category:Police ranks in the United Kingdom

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values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2014

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2015

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values: Politirang i Det Forenede Kongerige – Danish

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