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NBA Summer League
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NBA Summer League
Current season, competition or edition:
2018 NBA Summer League
Sport
Basketball
Inaugural season
Orlando: 2001 (defunct in 2018)
Las Vegas: 2004
Utah: 2015
Sacramento: 2018
No. of teams
Utah: 4
Sacramento: 4
Las Vegas: 30
Country
United States
Most recent
champion(s)
Las Vegas:
Portland Trail Blazers
TV partner(s)
NBA TV and ESPN
The NBA Summer League, also known as the Las Vegas Summer League, is an off-season competition organized by the National Basketball Association. NBA teams come together to try out different summer rosters instead of their regular season line-ups, including rookie, sophomore and G League affiliate players. The Utah Jazz Summer League also features NBA teams, as did the Orlando Pro Summer League, which operated from 2002 through 2017. Those leagues are sometimes referred to as NBA Summer League when also mentioned with its host location.[1]
Contents
1 History
1.1 Las Vegas Summer League
1.2 Utah Jazz Summer League
1.3 Orlando Pro Summer League
1.4 California Classic Summer League
2 Las Vegas MVP winners
3 Champions
4 See also
5 Notes
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
Summer leagues have existed for decades. Historically, there was not an organized structure, with leagues sometimes overlapping and not officially coordinated.[2] In 2004, the league held the Las Vegas Summer League for the first time; it is by far the largest league, with 24 teams participating as of 2017. The Orlando Pro Summer League has been held since 2001. The Utah Jazz Summer League began play in 2015, replacing the Rocky Mountain Revue, an event held from 1984–2008 before going on a lengthy hiatus due to declining participation.
The leagues generally consist of a handful of games per team. Unlike regulation NBA games, which are 48 minutes long, games only last 40 minutes (same as in FIBA/WNBA), plus multiple 5-minute overtime periods (first overtime is played in its entirety; true sudden death thereafter).[3] Before the 2013 leagues, no official champions were named at any league, with the leagues focusing more on individual auditions and development. Champions are currently named for the Orlando and Las Vegas leagues, although team performance is generally not emphasized.
Unsigned free agents are often signed to summer league deals, providing a chance to possibly be signed to a contract during the regular season. Any team can sign the free agent after the league is over, not just the one he played for in summer league. For example, Jeremy Lin, a Harvard graduate, was invited to play for the Dallas Mavericks summer league team despite being undrafted earlier in the year. In the 2010 summer league, Lin performed well and was later signed by the Golden State Warriors.
Las Vegas Summer League[edit]
The Las Vegas Summer League played its inaugural season in 2004 University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV)'s arena, the Thomas & Mack Center with six NBA teams – Boston Celtics, Cleveland Cavaliers, Denver Nuggets, Orlando Magic, Phoenix Suns, and Washington Wizards – playing a total of 13 games. With Warren LeGarie leading the way, the summer league had three successful summers in which participation increased to 16 teams playing more than 40 games at UNLV. In 2007, the NBA attached its name to the event, making it the “NBA” summer league.[4] In 2008, the summer league expanded to 22 teams and was sponsored by EA Sports. As of the summer 2015 season, Samsung is the sponsor and the official sponsored branding is the "Samsung NBA Summer League".[5] Since 2018, all NBA teams play in the Las Vegas Summer League in the typical tournament style.
Utah Jazz Summer League[edit]
From 1984 until 2008, the Utah Jazz hosted a tournament known as the Rocky Mountain Revue. Launched as a community outreach campaign to encourage interest in the Jazz in the summer of 1984 under the direction of Jazz public relations staffers David Allred and Kim Turner,[6] initially the league operated as a three-week, pro-am league in July with alumni players from Utah, BYU, Weber State and Utah State. In 1990, after sending a team to the California Summer League the previous summer, Scott Layden, then the Jazz's director of basketball operations, invited the Portland Trail Blazers, Phoenix Suns, and Sacramento Kings to join the league and moved to an all-NBA format. Over the course of the next 20 years, as few as four teams (1990) and as many as 16 teams (1998), participated, including the first International entry, Burghy Roma.[7] The league did not play games during the 1999 strike-shortened season. In 2008, the NBA Development League had a D-League Ambassadors team. The Rocky Mountain Revue also showcased the Iranian national team.
Games were hosted at Westminster College (Salt Lake City), East High School (Salt Lake City), Delta Center and the Revue's final home, Salt Lake Community College. The Revue was known for its popularity, evidenced by sold out crowds each time the Jazz played. The Revue was one of the first NBA summer leagues to feature NBA officials, as the NBA used the league for referee development and training. The only NBA teams that did not send a team to the Revue at least once were the Los Angeles Lakers, Detroit Pistons and Washington Wizards.
Due to declining participation, the event was cancelled for the 2009 season.[8][9][10][11] However, the Jazz confirmed in November 2014 that they would revive the league for 2015, albeit with a smaller number of teams participating.[12] The event would include the Boston Celtics, Philadelphia 76ers, and San Antonio Spurs as well as the Jazz in a six-game, four-day event.
Orlando Pro Summer League[edit]
The Orlando Pro Summer League began in 2002. Its games were closed to the public and could only be seen on television.[13] It named a champion for the first time in 2013 with the Oklahoma City Thunder defeating the Houston Rockets 85-77.[14][15] On July 11, 2014, the Philadelphia 76ers won the 2014 Orlando Summer League championship with a 91-75 win over the Memphis Grizzlies.[16] The Dallas Mavericks were the champions in 2017.[17] The league ended after 2017 due to the trend of NBA teams participating in the Las Vegas league.[18]
California Classic Summer League[edit]
On May 6, 2018, reports surfaced that to replace the position previously held in Orlando by the Magic, the Kings would host its own Summer League event in Sacramento.[19] The event is scheduled to take place before the Las Vegas Summer League begins, with the teams in place for the event involving the Sacramento Kings, Los Angeles Lakers, Golden State Warriors, and Miami Heat. Eight days later, the Kings confirmed that their own Summer League event (titled the California Classic Summer League) would take place from July 2-5, 2018 (taking a day off to celebrate the Fourth of July), replacing the Orlando Pro Summer League. On May 14, 2018, the Sacramento Kings confirmed that report. [20]
Las Vegas MVP winners[edit]
Year
Nat.
Player
Pos.
Team
2012 Damian Lillard (co-MVPs) PG Portland Trail Blazers
Josh Selby (co-MVPs) PG Memphis Grizzlies
2013 Jonas Valančiūnas C Toronto Raptors
2014 Glen Rice Jr. SG Washington Wizards
2015 Kyle Anderson SF San Antonio Spurs
2016 Tyus Jones PG Minnesota Timberwolves
2017 Lonzo Ball PG Los Angeles Lakers
2018 Josh Hart SG Los Angeles Lakers
Champions[edit]
Year
League
Champion
Score
Runner-up
League MVP
Championship MVP
2013 Orlando
Oklahoma City Thunder
85–77 Houston Rockets Jeremy Lamb[note 1]
Las Vegas
Golden State Warriors
91–77 Phoenix Suns Jonas Valančiūnas Ian Clark
2014 Orlando
Philadelphia 76ers
91–75 Memphis Grizzlies Elfrid Payton[note 1]
Las Vegas
Sacramento Kings
77–68 Houston Rockets Glen Rice Jr. Ray McCallum, Jr.
2015 Orlando
Memphis Grizzlies
75–73 (OT) Orlando Magic (White) Aaron Gordon[note 1]
Las Vegas
San Antonio Spurs
93–90 Phoenix Suns Kyle Anderson Jonathon Simmons
2016 Orlando
Orlando Magic (White)
87–84 (OT) Detroit Pistons Arinze Onuaku[note 1]
Las Vegas
Chicago Bulls
84–82 (OT) Minnesota Timberwolves Tyus Jones Jerian Grant
2017 Orlando
Dallas Mavericks
83–81 (OT) Detroit Pistons Dwight Buycks[note 1]
Las Vegas
Los Angeles Lakers
110–98 Portland Trail Blazers Lonzo Ball Kyle Kuzma
2018 Las Vegas
Portland Trail Blazers
91-73 Los Angeles Lakers Josh Hart K.J. McDaniels
See also[edit]
Summer Pro League, summer basketball league in Long Beach, California
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Orlando Summer League only awards one MVP.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "NBA Summer League". InsideHoops.com. Archived from the original on November 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Zwerling, Jared. "Vegas Baby, Vegas: How Warren LeGarie Made Sin City NBA's Summer League Hot Spot". Bleacher Report. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "2014 Las Vegas Summer League: Game Rules, Format and Tie-Break Criteria". NBA official website. National Basketball Association. 11 June 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
Jump up ^ Zwerling, Jared. "Meet the NBA's King of Summer". Retrieved 12 July 2016.
Jump up ^ Release, Official. "Tomorrow's stars to shine bright at Samsung NBA Summer League 2015". Retrieved 12 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "NBA.com". Retrieved 12 July 2016.
Jump up ^ Utah Jazz Media Guide 2002-2003
Jump up ^ Jazz cancel 2009 Rocky Mountain Revue, KSL.com, May 1, 2009
Jump up ^ "InsideHoops.com - Rocky Mountain Revue". Retrieved 12 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "NBA.com: 2010 NBA Summer League schedule". Retrieved 12 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "Rocky Mountain Revue canceled for 2009". Retrieved 12 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "Utah's Rocky Mountain Revue NBA summer league may return". Retrieved 12 July 2016.
Jump up ^ Robbins, Josh (November 18, 2017). "Magic will play in NBA Summer League in Las Vegas in 2018 and end their Orlando league". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on November 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Thunder at Rockets". Retrieved 12 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "Summer League Recap: Thunder vs. Rockets - THE OFFICIAL SITE OF THE OKLAHOMA CITY THUNDER". Retrieved 12 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "76ers at Grizzlies". Retrieved 12 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "Mavericks win Orlando Pro Summer League - Official Website of the Dallas Mavericks". The Official Site of the Dallas Mavericks. 2017-07-06. Retrieved 2017-07-08.
Jump up ^ "Orlando Magic will no longer host summer league". NBCSports.com. Associated Press. November 20, 2017. Archived from the original on November 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ https://www.hoopsrumors.com/2018/05/nba-planning-summer-league-tournament-in-sacramento.html
Jump up ^ "Kings to Host California Classic Summer League at Golden 1 Center". Retrieved 14 May 2018.
External links[edit]
NBA Summer League home
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Silverside (beef)
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Trimmed silverside
Silverside is a term used in the UK, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand for a cut of beef from the hindquarter of cattle, just above the leg cut.[1][2] It gets its name because of the "silverwall" on the side of the cut; this is a long fibrous "skin" of connective tissue, which has to be removed as it is too tough to eat. The primary muscle is the biceps femoris.
Silverside is boned out from the top along with the topside and thick flank. It is usually prepared as a 2nd class roasting joint. It may also be thinly sliced for minute steak or beef olives, or split in two to produce a salmon-cut.
In South Africa, Australia, Ireland and New Zealand, silverside is the cut of choice for making corned beef, so much so that the name "silverside" is often used to refer to corned beef rather than any other form of the cut.[3]
In most parts of the U.S., this cut is known as outside or bottom round, as traditionally, a hindquarter is laid on the cutting table with the outside down or to the bottom, as opposed to the inside being on top. In the U.S. it is also known as a rump roast,[4] which means something different in countries using the British beef cut scheme.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Simply Beef & Lamb: Silverside beef Linked 2016-10-19
Jump up ^ The Australian Meat Board (1975). (ed.) Anne Marshall, ed. The Australian Book of Meat Cookery (Hardcover). Sydney: Hamlyn House. CS1 maint: Extra text: editors list (link)
Jump up ^ Corned beef recipes, taste.com.au
Jump up ^ "British and American terms". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
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Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi
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This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: The list of writers and directors in the infobox is too bulky. Per Template:Infobox television instructions, we are not supposed to use the writer parameter if there are more than 5 writers. Content about writers and directors might be more intuitively presented in a list of episodes or in prose with appropriate context. Indiscriminately listing them in the article body is discouraged. Please help improve this article if you can. (October 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thii
Intertitle of Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi
Created by
Ekta Kapoor
Written by
Story
R M Joshi, Salil Sand, Anil Nagpal, Koel Chaudhary, Mitesh Shah & Swati Shah
Screenplay
R M Joshi, Vipul Mehta, Bhavin Patel, Nayana Dasgupta, Mitesh Shah, Salil Sand, Kamlesh Kunti Singh, Anil Nagpal, Archita Biswas, Mrinal Jha and Swati Shah
Dialogues
Dilip Rawal, Anand Gandhi, Sunjoy Shekhar, Rekkha Modi, Brij Mohan Pandey and Vinod Sharma
Directed by
Ashish Patil, Kaushik Ghatak, Nivedita Basu Suraj Rao, Santosh Badal, Dharmesh Shah, Santram Verma, Garry Bhinder, Deepak Chavan, Sanotsh Bhatt, Fahad Kashmiri, Avhiroop Mazzumdar, Jeetu Arora, Santosh Kolhe, Vicky Chauhan, Rohit Dwivedi, Deepak Sharma, Shyam Maheshwari, Talat Jani, Hitesh Tejwani and many more
Creative director(s)
Monisha Singh, Aparna Dubey, Ekta R Bahri, Bhairvi Shah, Shivangi Singh Chauhan, Shipra Arora, Doyel Som, Vikas Gupta (producer)
Starring
See below
Opening theme
Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi by Priya Bhattacharya
Country of origin
India
Original language(s)
Hindi
No. of episodes
1,833
Production
Producer(s)
Ekta Kapoor and Shobha Kapoor
Cinematography
Raju Halasagi, Sudesh Kotian, Deepak Malwankar, Sanjay Malwankar, Ashok Salian and Sanjay Memane
Editor(s)
Dharmesh Shah, Sanjeev Shukla, and Sagar S Naighojkar
Running time
24 minutes
Production company(s)
Balaji Telefilms
Release
Original network
STAR Plus
Picture format
576i (SDTV)
Original release
3 July 2000 (2000-07-03) – 6 November 2008 (2008-11-06)
The first three generations of Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi.
Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi (English: Because a mother-in-law was once a daughter-in-law, too) is an Indian soap opera that premiered on 3 July 2000 on Star Plus. The entire series is available on Hotstar. The show revolves around an ideal daughter-in-law Tulsi Virani, the daughter of a pandit married to the grandson of rich business tycoon Govardhan Virani. The role of the protagonist Tulsi Virani was played by Smriti Irani. The show was co-produced by Shobha Kapoor and Ekta Kapoor under their banner Balaji Telefilms.
Produced with the backdrop of Mumbai and the concept of an ideal Gujarati joint family,[1] the show made Producer Ekta Kapoor and Network Star Plus achieve great heights of success, by not only being the number 1 show on Indian Television[2] for eight constant long years but also receiving great TRPs.[3][4] The show also went on to receive several awards, most of which were won by Smriti Irani for her portrayal of the ideal character Tulsi. The show also won Best Continuing Series at Indian Telly Awards for six consecutive years (2002-2007) and won Best Serial (Popular) for five consecutive years(2001-2005) at Indian Television Academy Awards.
Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi was dubbed in Sinhala language and broadcast on Sirasa TV where it was titled as Maha Gedara ("Big Home" in Sinhalese).[5][6] It was also dubbed in Dari language and was aired on Tolo TV in Afghanistan.[7][8][9][10]
The show is one of the longest running daily soaps on Indian television, running from 2000-2008 and completing 1833 episodes.[11] In 2008, its eighth year, the show was the topmost show on Indian television averaging a TRP of 5.4.[12][13]
The death of the character of Mihir Virani in 2001 lead to fan protest marches to bring back the character back.[14] The return of Mihir Virani brought an all-time high TRP of 22.4 for the show which has been the highest TRP achieved by an Indian serial.[15][16]
After being cut, the studio took the station to court asserting that they had a contract through March 2009 and that the station had not provided appropriate promotion. The claims were dismissed in November 2008.[17][18][19]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot summary
2 Cast
3 Guest stars
4 Awards
4.1 Others
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Plot summary[edit]
Tulsi Virani (Smriti Irani) falls in love with Mihir Virani (grandson of tycoon Govardhan Virani); they marry, although his family chose Payal for Mihir.Tulsi is called Bahu of the family.
She gives birth to Gautam. During Tulsi's second pregnancy, it is learned that her sister-in-law (Aarti) cannot have children. Although Tulsi decides to give them Gautam, Aarti and her husband Kiran kidnap the child. Tulsi goes into labour and gives birth to a daughter, Shobha.
Mihir has four cousins. Chirag (in the TV industry) marries Prajakta—despite objections by his mother, Daksha—who becomes Tulsi's confidante. Sejal and Suhani get married and the fourth cousin, Hemant, marries his assistant Pooja.
Twenty years later, Tulsi and Mihir are the parents of Shobha and a son, Harsh; Sahil and Tarun are Hemant and Pooja's sons. Sejal divorced her husband and lives in the Virani mansion with her daughter, Indu; Chirag is the father of twin daughters, and Tulsi misses Gautam. Hemant, Pooja and Tarun move to Australia; Sahil lives in Mumbai and runs the family business. Chirag moves to the U.S. for a job, and Suhani is happy at home. Gautam returns and Kiran has a daughter, Kairshma. Gautam learns about his birth parents, moves into the Virani mansion and squabbles with Sahil about business. Tulsi arranges his engagement to Ganga, who appreciates the family's support of her widowed mother. Gautam loves Teesha and Sahil loves Ganga, but Sahil and Ganga sacrifice their love and Gautam resents his mother. He divorces Ganga and marries Teesha, Ganga marries Sahil and Shobha is also married. Teesha and Gautam have an accident, and Teesha dies; Gautam marries Damini. Damini and Ganga are both pregnant; when Ganga has a miscarriage, Damini gives her one of her twin boys. The pregnant Shobha is widowed. Tulsi's sister, Kesar, tells Tulsi that Harsh is Tulsi's son. When Kesar held Tulsi's baby in the nursery, her child's father kidnapped it. Kesar gave Tulsi Harsh, saying that she had a miscarriage. Tulsi's son is Ansh Gujaral, son of criminal tycoon Aditya Gujaral (an accomplice of Raj Bhasin, father of Kesar's child). While in jail he gave his son to Gujaral, who raised him. Aditya Gujaral conspires with Ansh to acquire the Viranis' wealth. Ansh becomes obsessed with Nandini, a friend of Karan (Mihir's son with Mandira Kapadia). After 20 years, Tulsi learns about her stepson and accepts him; Karan loves Tulsi more than his own mother. Although Nandini and Karan are in love, Karan gives her to Tulsi's birth son. Nandini marries Ansh out of duty, and he rapes her. Ansh is charged with marital rape; lawyer Meera Singhania becomes Tulsi's friend and fond of Mihir. Ansh escapes and tries to kill Nandini; Tulsi shoots him dead and is imprisoned. Nandini has an accident when she is pregnant with Ansh's child, gives birth to daughter Bhoomi and lapses into a coma. Karan marries Nandini's friend, Tanya, to care for Bhoomi. Ganga has a baby boy, Lakshya. Three years later, when Tanya learns about her pregnancy, Nandini emerges from her coma. Karan and Nandini live together; when she learns about his marriage to Tanya, she accepts Tanya and her child. Aditya Gujaral dies mysteriously, and Karan takes the blame. Nandini confesses to the murder; he was trying to kidnap Bhoomi. Imprisoned for life, she is pregnant with Karan's child. Ansh had a wife (Shraddha) and son (Eklavya). Shraddha is dead, and Gautam adopts Eklavya. Ganga is thrown out of her home when Sahil has an affair with colleague Tripti and marries her. Meera, in love with Mihir, conspires with Mandira against Tulsi. Mihir's mother, Savita, vows to expose the conspiracy. Mandira and Meera arrange Savita's death; Meera blames Tulsi, who is thrown out of her home.
Twenty years later, Tulsi's grandchildren are grown; Nandini, missing from prison, is presumed dead. Ganga is estranged from the family. Tulsi, living in Haridwar and caring for her adopted daughter Krishna Tulsi, returns to Mumbai. Meera's misunderstandings are cleared up, and Tulsi is reunited with her family; Meera is imprisoned for murdering Savita. In the final episode, Parvati (Sakshi Tanwar) from Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii says that she has Tulsi's grandson, Parth (Karan and Nandini's long-lost son).[20]
Cast[edit]
Dinesh Thakur / Sudhir Dalvi as Govardhan Virani
Sudha Shivpuri as Amba Govardhan Virani
Shakti Singh as Mansukh Govardhan Virani
Jitendra Trehan as Himmat Govardhan Virani
Muni Jha as Jamnadas Govardhan Virani
Apara Mehta as Savita Mansukh Virani
Ketki Dave as Daksha Himmat Virani
Kamalika Guha Thakurta as Gayatri Jamnadas Virani
Amar Upadhyay / Inder Kumar / Ronit Roy as Mihir Mansukh Virani
Jiten Lalwani as Kiran Mansukh Virani
Hussain Kuwajerwala / Amit Mistry as Chirag Himmat Virani
Smriti Zubin Irani as Tulsi Mihir Virani
Pooja Ghai Rawal as Suhasi Himmat Virani / Suhasi Rakesh Mehta
Rakesh Paul as Vikram Naveen Sanghvi
Shakti Anand as Hemant Jamnadas Virani
Khyaati Khandke Keswani as Sejal Jamnadas Virani / Sejal Anand Gandhi
Eva Grover / Rushali Arora as Aarti Patel / Aarti Kiran Virani
Aman Verma as Anupam Kapadia
Mandira Bedi / Achint Kaur as Dr.Mandira Kapadia / Priyanka /Mandira Aditya Gujral
Narayani Shastri / Resham Tipnis as Kesar Anupam Kapadia
Tuhina Vohra as Prajakta Deshmukh / Prajakta Chirag Virani
Prachi Shah as Pooja Hemant Virani
Jaya Bhattacharya as Payal Parikh / Payal Pratap Mehra
Romanchak Arora as Anand Gandhi
Prashant Bhatt as Rakesh Mehta
Pratim Parekh as Naveen Sanghvi
Utkarsha Naik as Pragya Govardhan Virani / Pragya Naveen Sanghvi
Shubhavi K. as Advocate Meera Singhania
Makrand Deshpande as Advocate Vijay Saxena
Vishal Puri as Raj Bhasin
Salim Shah as Aditya Gujral
Ram Kapoor as Advocate Shahdaab / Jas Thakral
Gautami Kapoor as Juhi Jas Thakral / Tulsi Mihir Virani / Juhi Jas Thakral
Sumeet Sachdev as Gautam Mihir Virani / Gautam Kiran Virani
Hiten Tejwani as Karan Mihir Bajaj Virani
Rakshanda Khan as Tanya Malhotra / Tanya Karan Virani
Sandeep Baswana as Sahil Mihir Virani
Shilpa Sakhlani as Ganga Sahil Virani
Akashdeep Saigal as Ansh Mihir Virani / Ek lavya mihir Aditya Gujral
Ritu Chaudhary as Shobha Mihir Virani / Shobha Vishal Mehra / Shobha Abhishek
Mehul Kajaria as Harsh Raj Bhasin / Harsh Mihir Virani
Kiran Dubey as Karishma Kiran Virani / Karishma Shantanu Dey
Hansika Motwani / Chandni Bhagwanani as Child Bavri Chirag Virani
Mausami as Child Savri Chirag Virani
Amita Chandekar as Bavri Chirag Virani
Amit Sareen / Sandeep Baswana as Sahil Hemant Virani
Abhijit Khurana / Aloke Desai as Tarun Hemant Virani
Karishma Tanna as Indira Anand Gandhi
Chaitanya Choudhury as Kabir Patel
Shabbir Ahluwalia as Aniket Rakesh Mehta
Karanvir Bohra / Pradeep Kharab / Samir Sharma as Tushar Rakesh Mehta
Ashlesha Sawant as Teesha Mehta / Teesha Gautam Virani
Riva Bubber as Damini Khanna / Damini Gautam Virani
Gauri Pradhan Tejwani as Nandini Thakkar / Nandini Ansh Gujral/ Nandini Karan Virani/ Nandini Ashim Gupta
Nikhil Arya as Aseem Gupta
Moonmoon Banerjee as Shraddha Ansh Virani / Shraddha Ansh Gujral
Rohit Bakshi (actor) as Vishal Pratap Mehra
Sonal Chainani as Urvashi Pratap Mehra
Tasneem Sheikh as Mohini Mittal / Mohini Harsh Virani
Narendra Jha as Shantanu Dey
Vivan Bhatena / Nasir Kazi as Abhishek
Shilpa Saklani as Ganga Joshi / Ganga Gautam Virani
Yash Tonk as Shiv Singhania
Suvarna Jha as Tripti Rishabh Malhotra / Tripti Sahil Virani / Babli
Reshmi Ghosh as Bhoomi Ansh Virani / Bhoomi Joydeep Virani
Salil Acharya as Billy Jas Thakral
Amit Tandon as Manthan Karan Virani
Pulkit Samrat / Yash Pandit as Lakshya Sahil Virani
Mouni Roy as Krishna Tulsi yash / Krishna Tulsi Eklavya Virani
Garima Bhatnagar as Pari
Naman Shaw as Nakul Gautam Virani / Nakul Sahil Virani
Manav Vij as Joydeep Sahil Virani
Gunjan Vijaya as Archita Harsh Virani / Archita Abir Bhasin
Manoj Biddvai / Vikas Sethi as Abir Raj Bhasin
Kratika Sengar / Anita Hassanandani as Sanchi Nakul Virani
Tia Bajpai as Vaidehi Lakshya Virani
Hasan Zaidi as Advocate Aditya Rai Singhania
Kratika Sengar as Sugandi Mihir Virani
Sandeep Rajora as Inspector Aryan
Sudha Chandran as Renuka Chaudhary / Ragini Suryavanshi
Prabhat Bhattacharya as Rishabh Malhotra
Priyanka Raina as Doctor
Meena Sonavane as Family Friend
Deepak Verma as Rahul
Chetan Hansraj as Inspector Maan Singh Chauhan
Chinky Jaiswal as Child Bhoomi Ansh Virani
Rahul Lohani as Mayank Gautam Virani
Suhasini Mulay as Kaushalya Malhotra
Amey Pandya as Child Eklavya Ansh Virani
Aditya Kapadia as Hitesh Chirag Virani
Anurag Nigam as Sunny Chirag Virani
Induben Mehta as Godawari Dadi
Sandeep Mohan as Police Inspector
Hemant Choudhary as Inspector Ashutosh
Parmeet Sethi as Ravi
Rocky Verma as Manager
Sunny Moza as Sunny
Nikhil Guharoy as Kabir Sikand
Aashka Goradia as Razia
Cezanne Khan as Rizwan
Eijaz Khan as Zuber
Manish Khanna as Advocate Mehta
Shahab Khan as Aditya Gujral's Advocate
Aruna Irani as Narayani Devi
Ekta Kapoor as Herself
Sakshi Tanwar as Parvati Om Agarwal / Janki Devi Dixit
Jitendra as Jitesh Kothari
Ali Asgar as Kamal Vishwanath Agarwaal
Mita Vashisht as Trishna Kamal Agarwal
Guest stars[edit]
Sara Khan as Herself, To promote her new show Sapna Babul Ka...Bidaai as Sadhna (2007)
Angad Hasija as Himself To promote his new show Sapna Babul Ka...Bidaai
Awards[edit]
Indian Telly Awards
Year
Category
Recipient
Role
2002 Best Actress of The Year[21] Smriti Irani Tulsi Virani
Best Television Personality[21] Amar Upadhyay Mihir Virani
Best TV Show of The Year[21] Ekta Kapoor
Best Continuing TV Show[21] Ekta Kapoor
2003 Best Actress of The Year[22] Smriti Irani Tulsi Virani
Best Television Personality[22] Smriti Irani Tulsi Virani
Best Daily Serial[22] Ekta Kapoor
Best Continuing TV Programme[22] Ekta Kapoor
2004 Best Actor of The Year[23] Hiten Tejwani Karan Virani
Best Continuing TV Programme[23] Ekta Kapoor
2005 Best Child Artiste (Female)[24] Chinky Jaiswal Bhoomi Virani
Best Actor in a Supporting Role[24] Hiten Tejwani Karan Virani
Best Actress in a Supporting Role[24] Gauri Pradhan Tejwani Nandini Virani
Best Actor in a Negative Role[24] Akashdeep Saighal Ansh Gujral
Best Continuing TV Programme[24] Ekta Kapoor
2006 Best Actor in a Supporting Role[25] Hiten Tejwani Karan Virani
Best Fresh New Face (Male)[25] Pulkit Samrat Lakshya Virani
Best Television Personality[25] Ronit Roy Mihir Virani
Best Continuing TV Programme[25] Ekta Kapoor
2007 Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Critics)[26] Hiten Tejwani Karan Virani
Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Popular)[26] Gauri Pradhan Tejwani Nandini Virani
Best Continuing Serial[26] Ekta Kapoor
2010 Best Actor of The Decade[27] Ronit Roy Mihir Virani
Indian Television Academy Awards
Year
Category
Recipient
Role
2001 Best Actor (Popular)[28] Amar Upadhyay Mihir Virani
Best Actress (Popular)[28] Smriti Irani Tulsi Virani
Best Serial (Popular)[28] Ekta Kapoor
Best Star Cast[28] Ekta Kapoor
2002 Best Actress (Popular)[29] Smriti Irani Tulsi Virani
Best Serial (Popular)[29] Ekta Kapoor
2003 Best Actor (Popular)[30] Ronit Roy Mihir Virani
Best Actress (Popular)[30] Smriti Irani Tulsi Virani
Best Serial (Popular)[29] Ekta Kapoor
Best Audiography Vikas Patil
2004 Best Actor (Popular)[31] Ronit Roy Mihir Virani
Best Actress (Popular)[31] Smriti Irani Tulsi Virani
Best Serial (Popular)[31] Ekta Kapoor
2005 Best Actor (Popular)[32] Hiten Tejwani Karan Virani
Best Actress (Popular)[32] Smriti Irani Tulsi Virani
Best Serial (Popular)[32] Ekta Kapoor
Best Supporting Actress (Jury)[32] Shilpa Saklani Ganga Virani
2006 Best Teleplay (Jury)[33] Anil Nagpal
2010 ITA Milestone Award[34] Sudha Shivpuri
Apara Mehta
Smriti Irani
Hiten Tejwani
Sumeet Sachdev Baa
Savita
Tulsi
Karan
Gautam
Star Parivaar Awards
Year
Category
Recipient
Role
2003 Favorite Daadi[35] Sudha Shivpuri Baa
Favorite Patni[35] Smriti Irani Tulsi Virani
Favorite Pati[35] Ronit Roy Mihir Virani
2004 Favorite Daadi[36] Sudha Shivpuri Baa
Favorite Beta[36] Hiten Tejwani Karan Virani
Favorite Yogya Damad[36] Hiten Tejwani Karan Virani
Favorite Yogya Bahu[36] Gauri Pradhan Tejwani Nandini Virani
Favorite Saas[36] Smriti Irani Tulsi Virani
2005 Favorite Chota Bacha[37] Chinky Jaiswal Bhoomi Virani
Favorite Beta[37] Hiten Tejwani Karan Virani
Favorite Jethani[37] Riva Bubber Damini Virani
Favorite Nanand[37] Ritu Choudhry Seth Shobha Virani
Favorite Saut[37] Rakshandha Khan Tanya Virani
Favorite Saas[36] Smriti Irani Tulsi Virani
Favorite Khalnayak[37] Akashdeep Saighal Ansh Virani
Favorite Jodi[37] Hiten Tejwani and Gauri Pradhan Tejwani Karan and Nandini Virani
Favorite Hottest Jodi[37] Hiten Tejwani and Gauri Pradhan Tejwani Karan and Nandini Virani
2006 Favorite Chota Bacha[38] Chinky Jaiswal Bhoomi Virani
Favorite Beta[38] Hiten Tejwani Karan Virani
Favorite Jethani[38] Riva Bubber Damini Virani
Favorite Nanand[38] Ritu Choudhry Seth Shobha Virani
Favorite Saut[38] Rakshandha Khan Tanya Virani
Favorite Bahu[38] Gauri Pradhan Tejwani Nandini Virani
Favorite Saas[38] Smriti Irani Tulsi Virani
Favorite Sasur[38] Ronit Roy Mihir Virani
Favorite Jodi[38] Ronit Roy and Smriti Irani Mihir and Tulsi Virani
2007 Favorite Naya Sadsya (Male)[39] Pulkit Samrat Lakshya Virani
Favorite Beta[39] Hiten Tejwani Karan Virani
Favorite Devrani[39] Shilpa Saklani Ganga Virani
Favorite Saut[39] Rakshandha Khan Tanya Virani
Favorite Bahu[39] Gauri Pradhan Tejwani Nandini Virani
Favorite Saas[39] Smriti Irani Tulsi Virani
Favorite Sasur[39] Ronit Roy Mihir Virani
Favorite Jodi[39] Hiten Tejwani and Gauri Pradhan Tejwani Karan and Nandini Virani
Favorite Hottest Jodi[39] Hiten Tejwani and Gauri Pradhan Tejwani Karan and Nandini Virani
2008 Favorite Beta[40][unreliable source?] Hiten Tejwani Karan Virani
Favorite Devrani[40] Shilpa Saklani Ganga Virani
Favorite Jethani[40] Riva Bubber Damini Virani
Favorite Saut[40] Achint Kaur Mandira
Favorite Khalnayak[40] Suvarna Jha Trupti Virani
Favorite Bahu[40] Gauri Pradhan Tejwani Nandini Virani
Favorite Jodi[40] Hiten Tejwani and Gauri Pradhan Tejwani Karan and Nandini Virani
Favorite Hottest Jodi[40] Hiten Tejwani and Gauri Pradhan Tejwani Karan and Nandini Virani
Others[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Recipient
Role
2002 Kalakar Awards Best Actor (Popular)[41] Amar Upadhyay Mihir Virani
2004 Kalakar Awards Best Actor (Popular)[41] Ronit Roy Mihir Virani
Best Actress (Popular)[41] Jaya Bhattacharya Payal Mehra
Best Serial[41] Ekta Kapoor
Best Title Singer[41] Priya Bhattacharya
See also[edit]
Star India v Leo Burnett: a court case involving the claim that a commercial imitating the show violated copyright law.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Gujarati flavor is back on Hindi prime time TV".
Jump up ^ "TAM ratings for week 35 ending 1 September 2001". Retrieved 11 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "The rise and rise of Ekta Kapoor". Retrieved 11 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "How Sameer Nair turned around Star Plus". Retrieved 11 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "Kyunki dubbed in Sri Lanka also holds top position in Sri Lanka".
Jump up ^ "The Telegraph - Calcutta : Nation". Retrieved 11 February 2017.
Jump up ^ Tulsi, the most popular ‘bahu’ of Afghanistan
Jump up ^ Indian soaps stir outrage in Afghanistan due to their rising popularity
Jump up ^ "Tulsi, Mihir 'win hearts' in Afghanistan". 2 May 2006. Retrieved 11 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "Afghanistan set to ban Indian TV serials - Times of India". Retrieved 11 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "Star Plus Still Going Strong with Kyunki".
Jump up ^ "Post-IPL, soaps back on top of TRP charts - Times of India". Retrieved 11 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "What next on Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi? - Times of India". Retrieved 11 February 2017.
Jump up ^ Nation wants Mihir Virani back in Kyunki alive
Jump up ^ "Kyunki Saas gets 22.4 TVR".
Jump up ^ "Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi Still Reigning Indian Television".
Jump up ^ Rediff (7 November 2008). "Court says no to Kyunki". Rediff. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi comes to a tragic end". 7 November 2008. Retrieved 11 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "Strike off but channels hold back fresh episodes - Livemint". Retrieved 11 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "Kyunki comes to a tragic end!". Retrieved 2011-04-26.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Winners of Indian Telly Awards 2002".
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Winners of Indian Telly Awards 2003".
^ Jump up to: a b "Winners of Indian Telly Awards 2004".
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Winners of Indian Telly Awards 2005".
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Winners of Indian Telly Awards 2006".
^ Jump up to: a b c "Winners of Indian Telly Awards 2007".
Jump up ^ "Winners of Indian Telly Awards 2010".
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Winners of Indian Television Academy Awards 2001". Archived from the original on 29 May 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Winners of Indian Television Academy Awards 2002". Archived from the original on 29 May 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Winners of Indian Television Academy Awards 2003". Archived from the original on 4 May 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Winners of Indian Television Academy Awards 2004". Archived from the original on 26 May 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Winners of Indian Television Academy Awards 2005". Archived from the original on 4 May 2012.
Jump up ^ "Winners of Indian Television Academy Awards 2006". Archived from the original on 10 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "Kyunki team honoured at ITA Milestone Awards". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Winners of Star Parivaar Awards 2003".
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Winners of Star Parivaar Awards 2004".
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "Winners of Star Parivaar Awards 2005".
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "Winners of Star Parivaar Awards 2006".
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "Winners of Star Parivaar Awards 2007".
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "Winners of Star Parivaar Awards 2008".
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Winners of Kalakar Awards" (PDF).
External links[edit]
Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi on hotstar
Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi on IMDb
[hide]
v
t
e
Current broadcasts on Star Plus
Currently broadcast
Primetime soap opera
Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara
Ishqbaaaz
Rishton Ka Chakravyuh
Meri Durga
Naamkarann
Tu Sooraj, Main Saanjh Piyaji
Yeh Hai Mohabbatein
Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai
Historical fiction
Chandra Nandini
Weekend
Dance Champions
The Great Indian Laughter Challenge
Lip Sing Battle
[show]
v
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e
Balaji Telefilms
[show]
Key individuals
Jeetendra
Shobha Kapoor
Ekta Kapoor
Tusshar Kapoor
[show]
Companies
Balaji Telefilms
Balaji Motion Pictures
ALT Digital Media Entertainment
BOLT Media Limited
[show]
Film productions
2001
Kyo Kii... Main Jhuth Nahin Bolta
2003
Kucch To Hai
2004
Krishna Cottage
2005
Kyaa Kool Hai Hum
Koi Aap Sa
2007
Shootout at Lokhandwala
2008
Mission Istanbul
C Kkompany
EMI – Liya Hai Toh Chukana Parega
2010
Love Sex aur Dhokha
Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai
2011
Taryanche Bait
Shor in the City
Ragini MMS
The Dirty Picture
2012
Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum
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Seat belt laws in the United States
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Seat belt laws for front seat passengers in the U.S. as of 2009
No enforcement for adults (primary enforcement for minors)
Secondary enforcement
Secondary enforcement; primary under certain ages
Primary enforcement
Most seat belt laws in the United States are left to the states. However, the first seat belt law was a federal law, Title 49 of the United States Code, Chapter 301, Motor Vehicle Safety Standard, which took effect on January 1, 1968, that required all vehicles (except buses) to be fitted with seat belts in all designated seating positions.[1] This law has since been modified to require three-point seat belts in outboard-seating positions, and finally three-point seat belts in all seating positions.[2] Initially, seat belt use was voluntary. New York was the first state to pass a law which required vehicle occupants to wear seat belts, a law that came into effect on December 1, 1984. Officer Nicholas Cimmino of the Westchester County Department of Public Safety wrote the nations first ticket for such violation.
Contents
[hide]
1 Primary and secondary enforcement
2 Laws by state
3 Damages reduction
4 Effectiveness
5 See also
6 References
Primary and secondary enforcement[edit]
U.S. seatbelt laws may be subject to primary enforcement or secondary enforcement. Primary enforcement allows a police officer to stop and ticket a driver if he or she observes a violation. Secondary enforcement means that a police officer may only stop or cite a driver for a seatbelt violation if the driver committed another primary violation (such as speeding, running a stop sign, etc.) at the same time. New Hampshire is the only U.S. state that does not by law require adult drivers to wear safety belts while operating a motor vehicle.
In 18 of the 50 states, the seat belt law is considered a secondary offense, which means that a police officer cannot stop and ticket a driver for the sole offense of not wearing a seatbelt. (One exception to this is Colorado, where children not properly restrained is a primary offense and brings a much larger fine.) If a driver commits a primary violation (e.g., for speeding) he may additionally be charged for not wearing a seatbelt. In most states the seat belt law was originally a secondary offense; in many it was later changed to a primary offense: California was the first state to do this, in 1993. Of the 30 with primary seat belt laws, all but 8, Connecticut, Hawaii, Iowa, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, and Texas, originally had only secondary enforcement laws.
Laws by state[edit]
This table contains a brief summary of all seatbelt laws in the United States.[3][4] This list includes only seatbelt laws, which often do not themselves apply to children; however, all 50 states and the District of Columbia have separate child restraint laws. Keep in mind these fines are the base fines only. In many cases considerable extra fees such as the head injury fund and court security fees can mark up the fine to almost five times as much in some cases. These are also "first offense" fines; a subsequent offense may be much higher.
State
Type of law
Date of first law
Who is covered
Base fine before fees
Seat Belt Usage[5]
Alabama Primary Enforcement July 18, 1991 Age 15+ in front seats $25 91.4%
Alaska Primary Enforcement September 12, 1990 Age 16+ in all seats $15 ($25 actual) 86.8%
Arizona Secondary Enforcement January 1, 1991 Age 8+ in front seats; Age 8–15 in all seats $10 ($37.20 actual) 81.8%
Arkansas Primary Enforcement July 15, 1991 Age 15+ in front seats $25 78.3%
California Primary Enforcement January 1, 1986 Age 16+ in all seats $20 ($162 actual) $50 second offense ($190 actual)5 96.2%
Colorado Secondary Enforcement1 exception Mountain View where it is a primary violation[6] July 1, 1987 Age 16+ in front seats $71 82.9%
Connecticut Primary Enforcement January 1, 1986 Age 7+ in front seats $92 88.2%
Delaware Primary Enforcement January 1, 1992 Age 16+ in all seats $25 90.7%
District of Columbia Primary Enforcement December 12, 1985 Age 16+ in all seats $504 92.3%
Florida Primary Enforcement July 1, 1986 6+ years in front seat; 6 through 17 years in all seats $30 ($116 actual) 87.4%
Georgia Primary Enforcement September 1, 1988 Age 8–17 in all seats; Age 18+ in front seats $15 89.6%
Hawaii Primary Enforcement December 16, 1985 Age 8+ in all seats $45 ($112 actual) 97.6%
Idaho Secondary Enforcement2 July 1, 1986 Age 7+ in all seats $10 ($51.50 actual) 77.9%
Illinois Primary Enforcement January 1, 1988 Age 16+ in all seats $25 ($60 actual or $95 if choosing traffic school) 92.6%
Indiana Primary Enforcement July 1, 1987 Age 16+ in all seats $25 92.4%
Iowa Primary Enforcement July 1, 1986 All ages in front seats; under 18 in rear seats[7] $25 ($127.50 actual) 93.1%
Kansas Primary Enforcement3 July 1, 1986 Age 14+ in all seats $60 for age 14-17; $10 for 18+ 81.8%
Kentucky Primary Enforcement July 15, 1994 Age 7 and younger and more than 57 inches in all seats; 8+ in all seats $25 80.3%
Louisiana Primary Enforcement July 1, 1986 Age 13+ in front seats $25 75.9%
Maine Primary Enforcement December 26, 1995 Age 18+ in all seats $50 82.0%
Maryland Primary Enforcement3 July 1, 1986 Age 16+ in all seats $83 94.7%
Massachusetts Secondary Enforcement February 1, 1994 Age 13+ in all seats [8] $25 73.7%
Michigan Primary Enforcement July 1, 1985 Age 16+ in front seats $25 ($65 actual) 95.2%
Minnesota Primary Enforcement August 1, 1986 7 and younger and more than 57 inches in all seats; 8+ in all seats $25 + $75 fee 92.3%
Mississippi Primary Enforcement July 1, 1994 Age 7+ in all seats $25 81.0%
Missouri Secondary Enforcement1 September 28, 1985 Age 16+ in front seats; age 8-15 in all seats $10 for age 16+; $50 for age 8-15 76.0%
Montana Secondary Enforcement October 1, 1987 Age 6+ in all seats $20 78.9%
Nebraska Secondary Enforcement January 1, 1993 Age 18+ in front seats $25 84.1%
Nevada Secondary Enforcement July 1, 1987 Age 6+ in all seats $25 93.2%
New Hampshire None, Primary for children only No law Age 17 and under in all seats $50 72.2%
New Jersey Primary Enforcement3 March 1, 1985 Age 8+ in all seats $46 per person 93.7%
New Mexico Primary Enforcement January 1, 1986 Age 18+ in all seats $254 89.8%
New York Primary Enforcement December 1, 1984 Age 16+ in front seats; under 16 in all seats $50 ($135 Actual after surcharges)[9] 89.8%
North Carolina Primary Enforcement, Secondary for Backseat[10] October 1, 1985 All ages in all seats $161 for front seat; $10 for rear seat 89.7%
North Dakota Secondary Enforcement2 July 14, 1994 Age 18+ in front seats;
under 18 in all seats
$20 for age 18+; $25 + 1 point on license for under 184 74.8%
Ohio Secondary Enforcement May 6, 1986 Age 15+ in front seat; 8–14 in all seats $30 for driver; $20 for passenger 83.8%
Oklahoma Primary Enforcement February 1, 1987 Age 13+ in front seats $20 85.9%
Oregon Primary Enforcement December 7, 1990 All ages in all seats $130 97.0%
Pennsylvania Secondary Enforcement2 November 23, 1987 Age 18+ in front seats; age 8-17 in all seats $10 86.0%
Rhode Island Primary Enforcement June 18, 1991 Age 8+ in all seats $75 78.0%
South Carolina Primary Enforcement July 1, 1989 Age 6+ in all seats $25 85.4%
South Dakota Secondary Enforcement January 1, 1995 Age 18+ in front seats $25 74.5%
Tennessee Primary Enforcement April 21, 1986 Age 16+ in front seats $25 87.1%
Texas Primary Enforcement September 1, 1985 Age 7 years and younger and 57 inches or taller in all seats; age 8+ years in all seats $200 if under 17 (driver); $50 if over 15 (driver or passenger) 93.8%
Utah Primary Enforcement April 28, 1986 All ages in all seats $45 89.0%
Vermont Secondary Enforcement2 January 1, 1994 All ages in all seats $25 85.2%
Virginia Secondary Enforcement2 January 1, 1988 All drivers; age 18+ in front seats; under 18 in all seats $25 80.5%
Washington Primary Enforcement June 11, 1986 Age 8+ in all seats $124 97.6%
West Virginia Primary Enforcement September 1, 1993 All ages in front seats; 8–17 in rear seats $25 82.1%
Wisconsin Primary Enforcement December 1, 1987 Age 8+ in all seats $10 79.2%
Wyoming Secondary Enforcement June 8, 1989 Age 9+ in all seats $25 for driver; $10 for passenger 78.9%
1 Colorado and Missouri's law is Secondary for adults but Primary for under the age of 16.
2 Idaho, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Vermont and Virginia's law is Secondary for adults but Primary for under 18.
3 Kansas, Maryland, and New Jersey, law is Secondary Enforcement for rear seat occupants (18+ in Kansas).
4 These states assess points on one's driving record for the seat belt violation.
5 In California- An additional penalty of $24 shall be levied upon every $10 or fraction thereof, of every fine, penalty, or forfeiture imposed by and collected by the court for criminal offenses, including all traffic offenses, except parking offenses as defined in subdivision (i) of Penal Code § 1463. The additional penalty is calculated as follows:
• State penalty required by PC 1464 $10,
• County penalty required by GC 76000(e), $ 7 • Court facilities construction penalty required by GC 70372(a),$ 3 • DNA Identification Fund penalty required by GC 76104.6 and 76104.7,$ 2
• Emergency medical services penalty required by GC 76000.5,$ 2
Penal Code § 1465.8 requires imposition of an additional fee of twenty dollars ($20) for court security on every conviction for a criminal offense, including a traffic offense, except parking offenses as defined in Penal Code § 1463,$20
Damages reduction[edit]
A person involved in a car accident who was not using a seatbelt may be liable for damages far greater than if they had been using a seatbelt. However, when in court, most states protect motorists from having their damages reduced in a lawsuit due to the nonuse of a seatbelt, even if they were acting in violation of the law by not wearing the seatbelt. Currently, damages may be reduced for the nonuse of a seatbelt in 16 states: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida (See F.S.A. 316.614(10)), Iowa, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.[11]
Effectiveness[edit]
Seat belt laws are effective in reducing car crash deaths.[12] One study found that mandatory-seatbelt laws reduced traffic fatalities by 8% and serious traffic-related injuries by 9%, respectively.[13] Primary-seatbelt laws seem to be more effective at reducing crash deaths than secondary laws.[14][15]
See also[edit]
Seat belt legislation
Seat belt use rates in the United States
Transportation safety in the United States
References[edit]
Jump up ^ US Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (January 1, 1968). "Title 49 of the United States Code, Chapter 301, Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 208 - Occupant Crash Protection Passenger Cars".
Jump up ^ US Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (January 1, 1968). "Title 49 of the United States Code, Chapter 301, Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 208 - Occupant Crash Protection Passenger Cars".
Jump up ^ "Safety belt use laws". Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. October 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-30.
Jump up ^ "Governors highway safety association". Ghsa.org. Retrieved 2011-07-16.
Jump up ^ "Seat Belt Use in 2010 – Use Rates in the States and Territories" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-03-05.
Jump up ^ 9News Jeremy Jojola on Denver Metro Speed Traps. 9News. 8 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Iowa Seat Belt Law Guide" (PDF).
Jump up ^ MGL PartI TitleXIV Chapter90 Section13a See also: the child passenger restraint law
Jump up ^ "vehicle and traffic state mandated surcharges $85 for seatbelt". Horseheads.org. Retrieved 2011-07-16.
Jump up ^ "Home | GHSA". ghsa.org. Retrieved 2017-10-17.
Jump up ^ "Child restraint/belt use laws". Iihs.org. Retrieved 2011-07-16.
Jump up ^ Cohen, Alma; Einav, Liran (November 2003). "The Effects of Mandatory Seat Belt Laws on Driving Behavior and Traffic Fatalities". Review of Economics and Statistics. 85 (4): 828–843. doi:10.1162/003465303772815754.
Jump up ^ Carpenter, Christopher S.; Stehr, Mark (May 2008). "The effects of mandatory seatbelt laws on seatbelt use, motor vehicle fatalities, and crash-related injuries among youths". Journal of Health Economics. 27 (3): 642–662. PMID 18242744. doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2007.09.010.
Jump up ^ Lee, Lois K.; Monuteaux, Michael C.; Burghardt, Lindsey C.; Fleegler, Eric W.; Nigrovic, Lise E.; Meehan, William P.; Schutzman, Sara A.; Mannix, Rebekah (4 August 2015). "Motor Vehicle Crash Fatalities in States With Primary Versus Secondary Seat Belt Laws". Annals of Internal Medicine. 163 (3): 184. PMID 26098590. doi:10.7326/M14-2368.
Jump up ^ Rivara, FrederickP.; Thompson, DianeC.; Cummings, Peter (January 1999). "Effectiveness of primary and secondary enforced seat belt laws". American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 16 (1): 30–39. doi:10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00113-5.
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This page was last edited on 17 October 2017, at 16:17.
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