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Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood
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For the current season, see Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood (season 5).
Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood
Genre
Reality television
Starring
Teairra Mari
Moniece Slaughter
Apryl Jones
Hazel-E
Ray J
Lil' Fizz
Omarion
Soulja Boy
Nikki Mudarris
Masika Kalysha
Princess Love
Keyshia Cole
Lyrica Anderson
Safaree Samuels
K. Michelle
Brooke Valentine
A1 Bentley
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
5
No. of episodes
73
Production
Executive producer(s)
Mona Scott-Young
Toby Barraud
Stefan Springman
Stephanie R. Gayle
Nina L. Diaz
Vivian Gomez
Donell Dorsey
Running time
42–44 minutes
Production company(s)
Monami Entertainment
Eastern TV
Release
Original network
VH1
Picture format
480i (SDTV)
1080i (HDTV)
Original release
September 15, 2014 (2014-09-15) – present
Chronology
Related shows
Love & Hip Hop: New York
Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta
Love & Hip Hop: Miami
External links
Website
Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood is the third installment of the Love & Hip Hop reality television franchise.[1] It premiered on September 15, 2014 on VH1 and chronicles the lives of several people in the Hollywood area, involved with hip hop music.[1] The show features appearances from notable figures associated with West Coast hip hop.
On June 18, 2018, VH1 announced the show's return for a fifth season, which premiered on July 23, 2018.[2]
Contents
1 Development
2 Series synopsis
2.1 Overview and casting
2.2 Timeline of main cast members
2.3 Storylines
3 Reception
3.1 Critical response
3.2 Scripting allegations
3.3 Ratings
3.4 Cultural impact
4 Episodes
5 Broadcast history
5.1 Specials
6 Distribution
7 References
8 External links
Development[edit]
Rumors of a Los Angeles-based spin-off of Love & Hip Hop began circulating in September 2013. In an interview, creator Mona Scott Young confirmed that the concept was being considered, along with possible spin-offs in Houston and New Orleans, saying “we’ve been looking in a few cities. It’s feeling like we’ll land in L.A., L.A. feels like the next city. it’s feeling like we’ve got some great stories to tell in L.A.”[3] On October 11, 2013, it was reported that producers had approached Tyga, Blac Chyna, Karrueche Tran, LoLa Monroe, Bow Wow's ex-girlfriend Miss Joie and Christina Milian's boyfriend Jas Prince to star in Love & Hip Hop: L.A. Ray J was also offered to star, as both lead and co-producer, with his protege Yung Berg and love interests Teairra Marí and Princess Love rounding out the cast.[4] Cassie was offered a supporting role. On October 15, 2013, Tran reportedly backed out of the show at her (then) boyfriend Chris Brown's insistence, after hearing that producers were in talks with Brown's ex Jasmine Sanders to join the cast, tweeting "Definitely not going to be on Love & Hip Hop LA lol".[5][6] On January 10, 2014, it was reported that producers were having difficulties finalising casting, after Ray J's contractional obligations to Bad Girls All-Star Battle lead to some complications. The cast around this time reportedly included publicist-turned-rapper Hazel-E, Brooke Valentine, radio DJ Yesi Ortiz and video vixen Bria Myles.[7] On March 31, 2014, the series began filming, with Ray, Teairra, Love, Berg, Joie, Ortiz, Ray's assistant Morgan Hardman, Omarion and his girlfriend Apryl Jones confirmed as part of the cast.[8] On August 6, 2014, it was announced that Soulja Boy had joined the show.[9] In interviews in 2017, Berg revealed he had filmed scenes with Joie as a couple, before Joie was fired three months into taping.[10] Berg was then weaved into a storyline with Hazel-E, a relationship he claims was contrived for television.[11]
On August 18, 2014, VH1 announced Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood would make its series premiere on September 15, 2014.[12]
Series synopsis[edit]
Overview and casting[edit]
See also: List of Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood cast members
The cast of the fifth season, top row: Lyrica, Brooke, A1, K. Michelle and Moniece. bottom row: Teairra, Princess, Nikki and Ray J.
Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood revolves around the personal and professional struggles of several R&B artists and rappers in Los Angeles' music scene. The series is notable for its high profile cast, with the youngest and most established group of cast members in the franchise thus far. It has a sprawling supporting cast, who (in most cases) share the same amount of screen time and storyline focus as the show's leads.
The original cast consisted of Ray J, Soulja Boy, Omarion and his girlfriend Apryl Jones, Lil' Fizz and his ex-girlfriend Moniece Slaughter, Teairra Marí and former celebrity publicist Hazel-E, with Ray's assistant Morgan Hardman, Teddy Riley's daughter Nia Riley, Fizz's girlfriend Amanda Secor, Yung Berg, radio personality Yesi Ortiz, club promoter Sincere Show, socialite Nikki Mudarris and video vixen Masika Kalysha as supporting cast members.[13] Although not mentioned in the initial cast announcement, Omarion's mother Leslie Burrell would also appear as a supporting cast member.
On November 5, 2014, Yung Berg was arrested for allegedly assaulting his girlfriend and fellow cast member Masika, several hours after the taping of the reunion special. VH1 released a statement that he had been terminated from the show effective immediately.[14][15] On December 8, 2014, series creator Mona Scott-Young expressed regret for the firing, saying it was a network decision.[16] The two-part reunion aired with a public service announcement about domestic violence, along with a statement by VH1 condemning Berg's actions.
All main cast members from the previous season returned for a second season. Ray J's girlfriend Princess Love joined the supporting cast, along with long time Love & Hip Hop: New York cast member Rich Dollaz, aspiring rappers Miles Brock and Milan Christopher, Miles' ex-girlfriend Amber Laura, Ray J's best friend Brandi Boyd, her husband Max Lux, Willie Taylor and his wife Shanda Denyce. Soulja's fling Nastassia Smith, Fizz's girlfriend Kamiah Adams, gossip blogger Jason Lee and Moniece's mother Marla Thomas would appear in minor supporting roles. Miles and Milan were the first openly gay couple of the franchise and several episodes featured public service announcements aimed to help viewers struggling with their sexual identity.
On September 16, 2015, during filming, Hazel-E announced on social media that she had quit the series, comparing it to a "freak show".[17] Hazel had become increasingly frustrated that she had not been properly credited for her work behind-the-scenes, including her influence on casting, as well as her idea for the show title Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood instead of the original Love & Hip Hop: L.A..[18] Apryl and Omarion did not attend the taping of the second season reunion as Omarion was on tour. On December 7, 2015, Apryl confirmed the two had quit the show and would not be returning next season.[19]
This third season saw the promotion of long time supporting cast members Nikki Mudarris and Princess Love to the main cast, as well as the return and promotion of Masika Kalysha to main cast after a season's absence. Producer Floyd "A1" Bentley, his wife Lyrica Anderson, Lyrica's mother Lyrica Garrett, A1's mother Pam Bentley, Nicki Minaj's ex Safaree Samuels and fitness model Rosa Acosta joined the supporting cast. Ray J's mother Sonja Norwood and Willie's alleged mistress Kyesha Shalina would appear in minor supporting roles. Former main cast member Hazel E would return late into the season in a supporting role.
On August 19, 2016, Soulja Boy posted a video of himself on social media, brandishing a gun and threatening to kill Nia Riley and her alleged new boyfriend.[20] From the third episode "For the Love of Money" onwards, Soulja was removed from the opening credits and had nearly all of his scenes deleted, essentially being reduced to a background extra on the two remaining episodes he did appear. On October 4, 2016, Soulja posted "I've decided to quit Love & Hip Hop. I feel my brand is too big for the show now. It's too ratchet."[21] Series creator Mona Scott-Young responded by reposting a meme with the caption "If I ever get fired, I'm gone (sic) tell people I quit to protect my brand".[22]
On March 17, 2017, singer Keyshia Cole revealed that she had joined the cast for its fourth season, along with her estranged ex-husband Daniel "Booby" Gibson.[23] This season saw the promotion of Lyrica Anderson and Safaree Samuels to the main cast, as well as the return of Hazel E after a season's absence. Lil Fizz and Masika Kalysha were demoted to supporting cast members, with Kalysha's demotion being a controversial and allegedly last minute decision, due to her refusal to film with or even discuss longtime rival Alexis Skyy on camera.[24] The season revealed scenes of Kalysha breaking the fourth wall several times to express her displeasure with producers, as well as threatening legal action and storming off set.[25] Brooke Valentine, Gibson, songwriter Marcus Black, stylist Zell Swag, Moniece's girlfriend A.D. Diggs and Fetty Wap's ex Alexis Skyy would all join the supporting cast, along with Chanel West Coast, producer Solo Lucci and Bridget Kelly. Love & Hip Hop: New York cast members Cisco Rosado and Jade Wifey, College Hill star Misster Ray, Alexandra Shipp's brother James Shipp Jr. and A.D.'s friend Tiffany Campbell would also appear in supporting roles.
During the season's reunion special, Safaree announced that he was leaving the show to join the cast of Love & Hip Hop: New York. On October 20, 2017, after sparking violent feuds with nearly every member of the cast and causing controversy for making a series of anti-gay and colorist posts on social media, it was reported that Hazel had been fired from the show.[26][27] On February 7, 2018, it was reported that Keyshia Cole had quit the show, along with Masika Kalysha, who broke the fourth wall several times during the season to express her displeasure with producers, as well as threatening legal action and storming off set.[28]
Season five saw the promotion of A1 and Brooke Valentine to the main cast after appearing previously as supporting cast members, as well as the return of K. Michelle to the franchise, who previously appeared on Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta, Love & Hip Hop: New York and the spin-off K. Michelle: My Life.[29] New cast members include video vixen Apple Watts, singer La'Britney, K. Michelle: My Life's Paris Phillips, Grammy Award-nominated producer RoccStar, manager Shun Love, model Amber Diamond, bisexual rapper and drag performer JayWill, media personality Donatella and Apple's father John Watts.
On October 24, 2018, it was reported that Eastern TV had been fired as a production company for the show, and there would be a major cast retooling for season six, with more of an focus on "actual couples and big names".[30][31]
Timeline of main cast members[edit]
See also: List of Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood cast members
Cast member
Seasons
1
2
3
4
5
Teairra Marí Main
Moniece Slaughter Main
Apryl Jones Main Guest
Hazel-E Main Supporting Main
Ray J Main
Lil' Fizz Main Supporting
Omarion Main
Soulja Boy Main1
Nikki Mudarris Supporting Main
Masika Kalysha Supporting Main Supporting
Princess Love Guest Supporting Main
Keyshia Cole Main
Lyrica Anderson Supporting Main
Safaree Samuels Supporting Main Guest
K. Michelle2 Main
Brooke Valentine Supporting Main
A1 Bentley Supporting Main
Note:
^ Appears in the opening credits for the first two episodes of season three before being reduced to minor guest appearances for the rest of the season.
^ Credited onscreen as "Kimberly".
Storylines[edit]
Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood chronicles the professional and romantic struggles of women and men in the hip hop industry, as well as the intense and violent rivalries between them. Over the seasons, the show has explored addiction, substance abuse and mental illness.
Many female cast members identify as bisexual, lesbian or sexually fluid, and the show is one of the few television shows to explore LGBT issues from a black perspective. Homophobia in the hip hop world is explored in greater depth in the second season when openly gay rappers Milan and Miles join the cast.[32]
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood has largely escaped the controversy and criticism that has plagued the franchise since its inception.[33][34] Jon Caramanica of The New York Times called this incarnation a "great soap opera, but has little to do with modern music-making".[35] The show has been praised for its portrayal of LGBT issues.[32]
Scripting allegations[edit]
Love & Hip Hop is often criticized for appearing to fabricate much of its storyline. Scott-Young has denied those claims: “I can’t stress enough that the stuff they deal with on (Love & Hip Hop) is real. We may frame it within a production construct that allows us to shoot on a schedule, but we’re not making up the stuff that they’re going through.”[34]
Ratings[edit]
The Love & Hip Hop franchise is one of the highest-rated franchises in cable television history.[36][37] In an overview of the television cultural divide, The New York Times reported that Love & Hip Hop was most popular show in the black belt.[38]
The second series premiere garnered big ratings for the network, with VH1 announcing a combined rating of 3.6 million viewers.[39]
Cultural impact[edit]
During a speech at a campaign rally in North Carolina on November 4, 2016, President Barack Obama referenced the show, comparing the 2016 presidential race to reality television, saying "I mean, its like some Love & Hip Hop stuff." [40]
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood episodes
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Extra episodes
First aired
Last aired
Reunion
Specials
1 14 September 15, 2014 (2014-09-15) December 1, 2014 (2014-12-01) December 8, 2014
December 9, 2014 N/A
2 14 September 7, 2015 (2015-09-07) November 23, 2015 (2015-11-23) November 30, 2015
December 7, 2015 October 19, 2015
3 14 August 15, 2016 (2016-08-15) October 31, 2016 (2016-10-31) November 7, 2016
November 14, 2016 N/A
4 16 July 24, 2017 (2017-07-24) October 16, 2017 (2017-10-16) October 16, 2017
October 23, 2017 July 3, 2017
5 18 July 23, 2018 (2018-07-23) TBA TBA TBA
Broadcast history[edit]
On August 10, 2015, VH1 announced that Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood would be returning for a second season on September 7, 2015.[41]
On August 3, 2016, VH1 announced that Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood would be returning for a third season on August 15, 2016.[42]
On April 13, 2017, VH1 announced that Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood would be returning for a fourth season on July 24, 2017.[43]
Specials[edit]
On October 12, 2015, VH1 announced that Love & Hip Hop: Out in Hip Hop, a round-table discussion moderated by T. J. Holmes of ABC News, would air on October 19, 2015. The special focused on the reality on being openly LGBT in the hip hop community, and coincided with the airing of the seventh episode "Truth", in which bisexual cast member Miles comes out to his ex-girlfriend Amber.[44] The special garnered 1.5 million viewers, ranking #1 among women 18-49 in its time period.[45]
On July 3, 2017, three weeks before the season four premiere, VH1 aired Dirty Little Secrets, a special featuring unseen footage and deleted scenes from the show's first three seasons, along with interviews with the show's cast and producers.[46]
Distribution[edit]
Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood episodes air regularly on VH1 in the United States.[47][48] Episodes run from around 41–44 minutes and are broadcast in high definition. The series' episodes are also available on demand through the official VH1 website, as well as for digital download at the iTunes Store and Amazon.
The show has never been released on DVD and episodes are currently only available on digital platforms.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Bibel, Sara (August 18, 2014). "Series Premiere of 'Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood' to Premiere Monday, September 15 on VH1". TV by the Numbers (Press release). Retrieved August 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ http://www.vh1.com/video-clips/h8s9vy/love-and-hip-hop-hollywood-get-ready-for-love-hip-hop-hollywood-season-5
Jump up ^ "Will You Be Watching?? Mona Scott Young Confirms 'Love & Hip Hop LA' Spinoff Is A Done Deal". 27 November 2013.
Jump up ^ "Afternoon TEA! Mona Scott Young Casting for 'Love & Hip Hop' Spin Off Series in Houston, LA and New Orleans". 11 October 2013.
Jump up ^ Sinick, Young (16 October 2013). "Chris Brown Doesn't Want Karrueche Tran on "Love & Hip Hop"".
Jump up ^ "Baby, Please: Chris Brown And Karrueche Drop Sub-Tweets About Love & Hip-Hop LA Casting Rumors!". 16 October 2013.
Jump up ^ "'Love & Hip Hop' -- Taking Over L.A. ... But Can't Land a Star!!!".
Jump up ^ "Love & Hip Hop LA Cast Finally Officially Announced". 22 April 2014.
Jump up ^ "'Love & Hip Hop: L.A.' -- Soulja Boy Will Save Our TV Show".
Jump up ^ Breakfast Club Power 105.1 FM (12 January 2017). "Yung Berg Talks Producing for Big Sean, Lil Wayne, Jeremih, and His Come Up in the Hip-Hop Industry" – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ HOLLYWOOD UNLOCKED (8 November 2017). "HitMaka & A1 Bentley "I Wont Be Working With Chyna Again" on Hollywood Unlocked [UNCENSORED]" – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ "Breaking News - VH1's "Love & Hip Hop" Goes Hollywood - TheFutonCritic.com". www.thefutoncritic.com.
Jump up ^ "Your Guide To Who's Who In Love & Hip Hop Hollywood".
Jump up ^ "Yung Berg Terminated From VH1 Series Love & Hip Hop Hollywood".
Jump up ^ http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6312145/yung-berg-fired-from-vh1-love-hip-hop-hollywood-after-assault-arrest
Jump up ^ "Exclusive! Mona Scott-Young on Benzino & Yung Berg Being Fired From LHH".
Jump up ^ Hazel-E. "I just quit #Lhhh I'm sorry to everyone who came out but I'm not #Desperate for anything".
Jump up ^ thejasminebrand (6 October 2015). "(EXCLUSIVE) Reality Star Hazel-E Talks Leaving Love & Hip Hop Hollywood, Relationship With Katt Williams & Having Drink Thrown In Her Face - theJasmineBRAND".
Jump up ^ "EXCLUSIVE: Will 'Love & Hip Hop Hollywood' Stars Apryl Jones and Omarion Return for a New Season?".
Jump up ^ "Soulja Boy -- Threatens to Kill His Ex's New Boyfriend (VIDEO)".
Jump up ^ Boy, Soulja. "I've decided to quit Love and hip hop. I feel my brand is too big for the show now. It's too ratchet. I have my own new tv show coming soon!".
Jump up ^ thejasminebrand (7 October 2016). "(EXCLUSIVE) Sources Say Soulja Boy Fired After Threatening Nia Riley With Gun, Rapper Responds Says Producers Are Lying - theJasmineBRAND".
Jump up ^ "Why Keyshia Cole Joining Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood Is Good for Her and the Show, and Great for Fans". Theroot.com. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
Jump up ^ thejasminebrand (14 July 2017). "Masika Kalysha: I Was Demoted On 'Love & Hip Hop' Over Alexis Skyy! - theJasmineBRAND".
Jump up ^ "ICYMI: Masika Kalysha Storms Off Set and Refuses to Film After Alexis Skyy's Name is Mentioned".
Jump up ^ http://www.tmz.com/2017/10/20/mona-scott-young-hazel-e-fired-love-and-hip-hop-gays-burn-in-hell/
Jump up ^ http://www.tmz.com/2017/10/20/love-and-hip-hop-star-hazel-e-fired/
Jump up ^ http://thejasminebrand.com/2018/02/07/exclusive-keyshia-cole-quits-love-hip-hop-hollywood/
Jump up ^ http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2018/06/18/vh1s-record-breaking-phenomenon-continues-with-the-return-of-love-and-hip-hop-hollywood-monday-july-23-at-8pm-et-pt-966513/20180618vh101/
Jump up ^ http://thejasminebrand.com/2018/10/24/vh1-fires-production-companies-for-basketball-wives-and-love-hip-hop-hollywood/
Jump up ^ http://thejasminebrand.com/2018/10/29/exclusive-love-hip-hop-hollywood-cast-shake-up-underway-similar-to-housewives-franchise-focus-more-on-couples-a-list-names/
^ Jump up to: a b "Love & Hip Hop Deserves More Respect for How It Portrays Queer Sexuality".
Jump up ^ "The Queen Of Ratchet TV Gets Candid".
^ Jump up to: a b "Mona Scott-Young Has Created a TV Empire by Keeping Things Real, and She's Not About to Start Faking It Now". Complex.
Jump up ^ https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/09/arts/omarion-and-k-michelle-on-parallel-tracks-release-albums.html
Jump up ^ "Was The Entire Cast of 'Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta' Just Fired? - The Daily Beast". The Daily Beast.
Jump up ^ "VH1 Garners Highest Ratings In 6 Years, Leads The Top 25 Cable Networks In Growth".
Jump up ^ Katz, Josh (December 27, 2016). "'Duck Dynasty' vs. 'Modern Family': 50 Maps of the U.S. Cultural Divide". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ "Ratings - VH1's Smash Hit "Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood" Season 2 Premieres to the Tune of 3.6 Million Total Viewers on Monday - TheFutonCritic.com". www.thefutoncritic.com.
Jump up ^ Jones, Jalessa (November 4, 2016). "Obama calls the 2016 election a reality show: It's like some 'Love & Hip Hop' stuff"". US Today.
Jump up ^ "Breaking News - VH1's "Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood" Returns Monday, September 7 at 8PM ET/PT - TheFutonCritic.com". www.thefutoncritic.com.
Jump up ^ "Breaking News - VH1's "Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood" Season 3 Premieres Monday, August 15th at 8:00 PM ET/PT - TheFutonCritic.com". www.thefutoncritic.com.
Jump up ^ "Announces Its Party-Packed Summer Lineup With New Shows Like Daytime Divas and Returning Favorites Like Love & Hip Hop Hollywood". VH1.com. 2017-04-13. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
Jump up ^ "Breaking News - VH1 Hosts Roundtable Discussion Moderated by T.J. Holmes on the Reality of Being Openly Gay in the Hip Hop Community with "LHH: Out in Hip Hop" Premiering Monday, October 19 at 11PM - TheFutonCritic.com". www.thefutoncritic.com.
Jump up ^ "Ratings - VH1's Roundtable Discussion "LHH: Out in Hip Hop" Ranks #1 Among Women 18-49 in Its Time Period on Monday, October 19 at 11:00 PM ET/PT - TheFutonCritic.com". www.thefutoncritic.com.
Jump up ^ "From Spongebob to Hourglass: The Love & Hip Hop Hollywood Cast Members Reveal Which Areas They've Nipped and Tucked".
Jump up ^ "Shows A-Z - love & hip hop: hollywood on vh1 - TheFutonCritic.com". www.thefutoncritic.com.
Jump up ^ "TV Schedule for Love & Hip Hop Hollywood - VH1 TV Series Schedule". VH1.
External links[edit]
Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood on IMDb
Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood trailer at VH1.com
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Liberty Island
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Liberty Island
Liberty Island and the Statue of Liberty
Location
Upper New York Bay
Coordinates
40°41′20″N 74°02′40″W / 40.68889°N 74.04444°W / 40.68889; -74.04444Coordinates: 40°41′20″N 74°02′40″W / 40.68889°N 74.04444°W / 40.68889; -74.04444
Area
14.717 acres (59,560 m2)
Governing body
National Park Service
U.S. National Monument
Designated
15 October 1924
7 September 1937[1]
Designated by
Calvin Coolidge
Franklin D. Roosevelt
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Official name: Statue of Liberty National Monument, Ellis Island and Liberty Island
Designated
October 15, 1966
Reference no.
66000058
New Jersey Register of Historic Places
Designated
May 27, 1971
Reference no.
1535[2]
New York City Landmark
Type
Individual
Designated
September 14, 1976
Location in Port of New York and New Jersey
Location in Port of New York and New Jersey
Location in Port of New York and New Jersey
Location in Port of New York and New Jersey
Show map of New York City Show map of New York Show map of Hudson County, New Jersey Show map of the US Show all
Liberty Island is a federally owned island in Upper New York Bay in the United States, best known as the location of the Statue of Liberty. The island is an exclave of the New York City borough of Manhattan, surrounded by the waters of Jersey City, New Jersey. Long known as Bedloe's Island, it was renamed by an act of the United States Congress in 1956. In 1937, by Presidential Proclamation 2250 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, it became part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument and in 1966,[3] was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of Statue of Liberty National Monument, Ellis Island and Liberty Island.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Geography and access
2 History
2.1 Great Oyster Island
2.2 Bedloe's Island
2.3 Fort Wood
2.4 Statue of Liberty
2.5 Museum
3 Jurisdictional disputes
3.1 State dispute
3.2 Federal ownership
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Geography and access[edit]
Coin-operated binoculars on Liberty Island. The island offers panoramic views of New York Harbor.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the island has a land area of 59,558 square meters, or 14.717 acres, which is the property of the federal government. A pact between New York and New Jersey states that New York has control of the Island, but taxes go to New Jersey, and the power comes from Jersey City. Liberty Island is located in the Upper New York Bay surrounded by the waters of Jersey City, Hudson County, New Jersey. Liberty Island is one of the islands that are part of the borough of Manhattan in New York.[5][6][7] The historical developments which led to this construction created the rare situation of an exclave of one state, New York, being situated in another, New Jersey.
The island is operated by the National Park Service, and since September 11, 2001, guarded by around-the-clock patrols of the United States Park Police Marine Patrol Unit. Liberty Island is 2,000 feet (610 m) east of Liberty State Park in Jersey City and is 1.58 statute miles (2.6 kilometers) southwest of Battery Park in Lower Manhattan. Public access is permitted only by ferries from either of the two parks, which serve the national monument, also stopping at Ellis Island.[8] Hornblower Cruises and Events, operating under the name Statue Cruises, holds the exclusive concession for ferry service to and from the island.
History[edit]
Great Oyster Island[edit]
At the time of European colonization of the Hudson River estuary in the mid-17th century, much of the west side of Upper New York Bay contained large tidal flats which hosted vast oyster beds, a major source of food for the Lenape native people who lived there at the time. Several islands were not completely submerged at high tide. Three of them (later known as Bedloe's/Love/Liberty, Ellis, and Black Tom) were given the name Oyster Islands (oester eilanden) by the Dutch settlers of New Netherland, the first European colony in the Mid-Atlantic states. The oyster beds would remain a major source of food for nearly three centuries.[9] Landfilling, started by the 1870s, particularly by the Lehigh Valley Railroad and Central Railroad of New Jersey, eventually obliterated the beds, engulfed one island and brought the shoreline much closer to the others.[10]
Bedloe's Island[edit]
After the surrender of Fort Amsterdam by the Dutch to the British in 1664, the English governor Richard Nicolls granted the island to Captain Robert Needham. It was sold to Isaac Bedloe on December 23, 1667. The island was retained by his estate until 1732 when it was sold for five shillings to New York merchants Adolphe Philipse and Henry Lane. During their ownership, the island was temporarily commandeered by the city of New York to establish a smallpox quarantine station..[11][12][13][14]
In 1746, Archibald Kennedy (later 11th Earl of Cassilis) purchased the island and a summer residence was established,[15] along with construction of a lighthouse.
In 1753, the island is described in an advertisement (in which "Bedlow's" had become "Bedloe's", along with an alternate name of "Love Island") as being available for rental:
To be Let. Bedloe's Island, alias Love Island, together with the dwelling-house and lighthouse being finely situated for a tavern, where all kinds of garden stuff, poultry, etc., may be easily raised for the shipping outward bound, and from where any quantity of pickled oysters may be transported ; it abounds with English rabbits."[16]
In 1756, Kennedy allowed the island to again be used as a smallpox quarantine station, and on February 18, 1758, the Corporation of the City of New York bought the island for £1,000 for use as a pest house.
When the British troops occupied New York Harbor in the lead-up to the American Revolutionary War, the island was to be used for housing for Tory refugees, but on April 2, 1776, the buildings constructed on the island for their use were burned to the ground.[16]
Fort Wood[edit]
Fort Wood's star-shaped walls became the base of the Statue of Liberty.
On February 15, 1800, the New York State Legislature ceded the island to the federal government, for the construction of a defensive fort to be built there (along with Governors Island and Ellis Island). Construction of a fort on the island in the shape of an 11-point star began in 1806 and was completed in 1811. Following the War of 1812, the star-shaped fortification was named Fort Wood after Lt. Col Eleazer Derby Wood who was killed in the Siege of Fort Erie in 1813. The granite fortification followed an 11-pointed star fort layout with mounting 24 guns.[17][18] A larger fort mounting 77 guns was proposed under the third system of US fortifications but was not built.[19]
By the time it was chosen for the Statue of Liberty in the 1880s, the fort was outmoded and obsolete, disused and its substantial stone walls were then used as the distinctive base for the Statue of Liberty given by the Third French Republic for the American 1876 centenary celebrations. It had become a part of the base for the Statue of Liberty after the island was first seen by the statue's sculptor. The National Park Service (which had been created in 1916) took over operations of the island in two stages: 2 acres (8,100 m2) in 1933, and the remainder in 1937.[3] The military installation was completely removed by 1944.[20][21]
Statue of Liberty[edit]
The statue, entitled Liberty Enlightening the World, was a gift from the people of France to mark the American Centennial. It was agreed that the Congress would authorize the acceptance of the statue by the President of the United States, and that the War Department would facilitate its construction and presentation.[22]
The construction of the statue was completed in France in July 1884. The cornerstone was laid on August 5, 1884, and after some funding delays, construction of the pedestal was finished on April 22, 1886. The statue arrived in New York Harbor on June 17, 1885, on board the French frigate Isère,[23] was stored for eleven months in crates waiting for its pedestal to be finished, and was then reassembled in four months. On October 28, 1886, the Statue of Liberty was unveiled by President Grover Cleveland. The name Liberty Island was made official by Congress in 1956.[24]
Museum[edit]
See also: American Museum of Immigration
On October 7, 2016, construction started on a new Statue of Liberty museum on Liberty Island. The new $70 million, 26,000-square-foot (2,400 m2) museum will be able to accommodate all of the island's visitors when it opens in 2019, as opposed to the current museum, which only 20% of the island's visitors can visit.[25] The original torch will be relocated here, and in addition to exhibits relating to the statue's construction and history, there will be a theater where visitors can watch an aerial view of the statue.[25][26] The museum, designed by FXFOWLE Architects, will integrate with the parkland around it.[26] It is being funded privately by Diane von Fürstenberg, Michael Bloomberg, Jeff Bezos, Coca-Cola, NBCUniversal, the family of Laurence Tisch and Preston Robert Tisch, and Mellody Hobson and George Lucas.[27] Von Fürstenberg heads the fundraising for the museum, and the project had garnered more than $40 million in fundraising as of groundbreaking.[26]
Jurisdictional disputes[edit]
The geography along the New Jersey banks of Upper New York Bay before landfilling. Liberty Island's location near New Jersey led to the state's attempts to assert jurisdiction.
There have been a number of disputes regarding the jurisdictional status of Liberty Island.
State dispute[edit]
An unusual clause in the 1664 colonial land grant that outlined New Jersey's borders reads: "westward of Long Island, and Manhitas Island and bounded on the east part by the main sea, and part by Hudson's river"[28] rather than at the river's midpoint, as was common in other colonial charters.[29]
When the Province of New Jersey was separated from the Province of New York in 1674 it was argued that Staten Island belonged to the former. Then governor Edmund Andros directed that all islands in the bay that could be circumnavigated within 24 hours were part of New York. Captain Christopher Billopp sailed around it within the allotted time[30] and was soon thereafter granted a manor at its southern tip.[31] The border came to be understood as being along the shore of the Hudson River, the Upper New York Bay, the Kill Van Kull, and Arthur Kill.
In 1824 the City of New York attempted to assert a jurisdictional monopoly over the growing steam ferry service in New York Harbor in Gibbons v. Ogden. It was deemed by the court that interstate transport would be regulated by the federal government. This did not resolve the border issue. In 1830, New Jersey planned to bring suit,[32] but the matter was resolved with a compact between the states ratified by US Congress in 1834 which set the boundary line between them as the midpoint of the shared waterways.[7][33] This was later confirmed by the US Supreme Court in a 1908 case which also expounded on the compact.[34]
In 1987, US Representative Frank J. Guarini and Gerald McCann, then mayor of Jersey City, sued New York City, contending that New Jersey should have dominion over Liberty Island because it is on the New Jersey side of the state line.[35] By default, since the court chose not to hear the case, the existing legal status was unchanged. Portions of the island that are above water are part of New York, while riparian rights to all of the submerged land surrounding the statue belong to New Jersey. The southwestern section, 4.17 acres (1.69 ha),[36] of the island was created by land reclamation.[37][38]
A 1997 United States Supreme Court decision involved such riparian rights around nearby Ellis Island. Being mostly constructed of artificial infill, New Jersey argued and the court agreed that the 1834 compact covered only the natural parts of the island, and not the portions added by infill. Thus it was agreed that the parts of the island made of filled land belonged to New Jersey while the original natural part belonged to New York.[39] This proved impractical to administer and New Jersey and New York subsequently agreed to share jurisdiction of the entire island.[6][32] This special situation only applies to Ellis Island and part of Shooters Island.
Federal ownership[edit]
National Park Service building on Liberty Island
Liberty Island has been owned by the federal government since 1801, first as a military installation and now as a national landmark. Statue of Liberty National Monument, Ellis Island and Liberty Island, listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1966, encompasses land in both states[40] control of which is superseded by the United States. The undisputed boundary between New Jersey and New York is in the center of the Hudson River and the Upper New York Bay, with Liberty Island situated well on the New Jersey side of the water line with Liberty Island itself an exclave of the State of New York and a part of New York City, allowing the state and city of New York to retain sovereignty of Liberty Island, serve process there and collect sales tax from Liberty Island souvenir shops.[6]
In response to a FAQ about whether the Statue of Liberty is in New York or New Jersey, the National Park Service, which oversees Liberty Island, cites the 1834 compact.[40] Question 127 on a naturalization examination piloted in 2006 asks "Where is the Statue of Liberty?" The U. S. Citizenship and Immigration Services gives "New York Harbor" and "Liberty Island" as preferred answers, but notes that "New Jersey," "New York," "New York City," and "on the Hudson" are acceptable.[41]
The Statue of Liberty itself is claimed as a symbol by both New York and New Jersey. It was featured on New York license plates from 1986 through 2000 and on a special New Jersey license plate celebrating Liberty State Park in Jersey City. The Statue is also seen on the New York State Quarter. The national monument was the symbol of the Central Railroad of New Jersey, still used by the Raritan Valley Line. (The Central Railroad of New Jersey Terminal is nearby).
Though it is uninhabited, the United States Geological Survey includes it as part of New York's 10th congressional district as of the 114th United States Congress in 2015[update].[42] Both New York City and Jersey City have assigned the island lot numbers. Utility services, including electricity, water, and sewage, to Liberty and Ellis Islands are provided from the New Jersey side. Mail is delivered from Battery Park.[43]
See also[edit]
New York City portal
New Jersey portal
Castle Clinton
Communipaw Terminal
Geography of New York–New Jersey Harbor Estuary
Kentucky Bend
Liberty Island and the Statue of Liberty in popular culture
List of exclaves
Prall's Island
Robbins Reef Light
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Proclamation 2250: Enlarging the Statue of Liberty National Monument New York". Code of Federal Regulations: Title 3—The President 1936–1938 Compilation. National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration. 1968. pp. 120–121.
Jump up ^ "New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places – Hudson County". New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection – Historic Preservation Office. Retrieved August 2, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Early History of Bedloe's Island". Statue of Liberty Historical Handbook. National Park Service. Archived from the original on 2010-06-28. Retrieved 2010-08-19.
Jump up ^ Sutherland, Cara A. (2003). The Statue of Liberty. New York: Barnes & Noble Books. ISBN 0760738904. Retrieved 18 June 2016.
Jump up ^ Hudson County New Jersey Street Map. Hagstrom Map Company, Inc. 2008. ISBN 0-88097-763-9.
^ Jump up to: a b c New Jersey v. New York , 523 U.S. 767, page 779 (26 May 1998).
^ Jump up to: a b "Statue of Liberty National Monument – Frequently Asked Questions". National Park Service. Retrieved 2010-02-01.
Jump up ^ "Ferry System Map – Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)". National Park Service. Retrieved 2014-01-21.
Jump up ^ Kurlansky, Mark (2006). The Big Oyster. New York: Random House Trade paperbacks. ISBN 978-0-345-47639-5.
Jump up ^ "Providing Better Terminal Faciities for New York". Engineering News Record: 258. 31 July 1880. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Spell it with a "W" It should not be Bedloo's Island but "Bedlow's"" (pdf). The New York Times. August 14, 1886. Retrieved 2011-04-08.
Jump up ^ Harvey, Cornelius Burnham (1900). "Genealogical History Of Hudson And Bergen Counties New Jersey Early Settlers of Bergen County". Retrieved 2012-12-13.
Jump up ^ "History of the Statue of Liberty and Bedlow's Island". New York: Regimental Press. Archived from the original on February 4, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Lazaretto Quarantine Station, Tinicum Township, Delaware County, PA: History". ushistory.org. Retrieved 2010-02-01.
Jump up ^ "Liberty Island Chronology". Retrieved 2013-01-25.
^ Jump up to: a b "Historic Buildings as seen and described by famous writers" (txt). archive.org. Retrieved 2010-02-01.
Jump up ^ Wade, Arthur P. (2011). Artillerists and Engineers: The Beginnings of American Seacoast Fortifications, 1794-1815. CDSG Press. p. 243. ISBN 978-0-9748167-2-2.
Jump up ^ Fort Wood at New York State Military Museum
Jump up ^ Roberts, Robert B. (1988). Encyclopedia of Historic Forts: The Military, Pioneer, and Trading Posts of the United States. New York: Macmillan. pp. 594–596. ISBN 0-02-926880-X.
Jump up ^ "Fort Wood". Retrieved 2012-07-29.
Jump up ^ Moreno, Barry (2000). The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia. New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7385-3689-7.
Jump up ^ "Liberty's Statue Full Programme of the Inaugural Ceremonies" (pdf). The New York Times. 10 October 1886. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
Jump up ^ "Delaware Division of Libraries Blog". Retrieved 2012-07-29.
Jump up ^ "USGS:LI". Retrieved 2012-07-29. [dead link]
^ Jump up to: a b Durkin, Erin (October 6, 2016). "Statue of Liberty getting new $70M museum set to open in 2019". NY Daily News. Retrieved 2016-10-07.
^ Jump up to: a b c Plagianos, Irene (2016-10-06). "See Designs for the New Statue of Liberty Museum". DNAinfo New York. Archived from the original on 2016-10-09. Retrieved 2016-10-07.
Jump up ^ Pereira, Ivan (October 6, 2016). "Statue of Liberty Museum to open in 2019". am New York. Retrieved 2016-10-07.
Jump up ^ "The Duke of York's Release to John Lord Berkeley, and Sir George Carteret, 24 June 1664". The Avalon Project Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy. Yale Law School Lillian Goldman Law Library. Retrieved 2012-07-29.
Jump up ^ Rieff, Henry. "Intrepretations of New York-New Jersey Agreements 1834 and 1921" (pdf). Newark Law Review. 1 (2).
Jump up ^ "New York vs. New Jersey: A New Perspective". Portfolio. The Port Authority of NY and NJ. 1 (2). Summer 1988. Archived from the original on 2012-02-22.
Jump up ^ Mershon, S.L. (1918). English Crown Grants. New York: The Law and History Club.
^ Jump up to: a b Greenhouse, Linda (27 May 1998). "The Ellis Island Verdict: The Ruling; High Court Gives New Jersey Most of Ellis Island". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ United States Statues at Large: Volume 4
Jump up ^ "Central R. Co. of New Jersey v. Jersey City, 209 U.S. 473 (1908)". Retrieved 2012-07-29.
Jump up ^ "New Jerseyans' Claim To Liberty Island Rejected". The New York Times. Associated Press. 6 October 1987. Retrieved 2010-01-27.
Jump up ^ "Is Liberty a Jersey Girl". New Jersey Society of Professional Land Surveyors. February 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Historic Fill of the Jersey City Quadrangle: Historic Fill Map HFM-53" (pdf). New Jersey State Department of Environmental Protection. 2004. Retrieved 2014-08-31.
Jump up ^ http://www.njspls.org/?130
Jump up ^ "National Park Service map showing portions of the island belonging to New York and New Jersey". Archived from the original on February 23, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "Statue of Liberty National Monument". National Park Service. 13 December 2007. Retrieved 2008-07-24.
Jump up ^ "Questions and Answers for New Pilot Naturalization Exam". U. S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. 30 November 2006. Archived from the original on 5 December 2006. Retrieved 2006-12-01.
Jump up ^ "USGS 1:1,000,000-Scale Congressional Districts of the United States - 114th Congress". data.gov. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2017-10-18.
Jump up ^ "Statue of Liberty Lighthouse". Archived from the original on 2012-07-17. Retrieved 2012-07-29.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Liberty Island.
Wikisource has the text of The New Student's Reference Work article Bedloe's Island.
National Park Service Bedloe's Island web site
National Park Service's Statue of Liberty and Liberty Island site
Bedloe's Island in 1867 at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania
Statue Of Liberty Fire Brigade
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text:
Don't Wanna Fall in Love
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Don't Wanna Fall in Love"
Single by Jane Child
from the album Jane Child
Released
February 10, 1990 (USA)
April 11, 1990 (UK)
Format
CD single
Recorded
1988-1989
Genre
R&B, synthpop, new jack swing
Length
4:07
Label
Warner Bros.
Songwriter(s)
Jane Child
Producer(s)
Jane Child
Jane Child singles chronology
"Welcome to the Real World"
(1990) "Don't Wanna Fall in Love"
(1990) "Welcome to the Real World (reissue)"
(1990)
"Welcome to the Real World"
(1990) "Don't Wanna Fall in Love"
(1990) "Welcome to the Real World (reissue)"
(1990)
"Don't Wanna Fall in Love" is a 1990 hit song for Toronto-born singer/songwriter/musician Jane Child. Released as the second single from her self-titled debut album, the single went to number two for three weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart in late April and early May 1990,[1] kept out of the top spot by Sinéad O'Connor's ballad "'Nothing Compares 2 U". In addition, a "new jack swing" remix of the song was produced by Teddy Riley and reached number six on the R&B chart,[2] and number eleven on the dance chart.[3] Shep Pettibone also remixed the single, but was only released to DJ's. When released around Europe it also became successful albeit more modestly. In the UK, the single stalled at #22 after Child refused to appear on the popular British TV program Top of the Pops while the single was climbing the charts, considering the program to be a "sellout".
In April 1990, the single was certified gold by the RIAA.[4]
It is Child's best known song and only top 40 hit, making her a one hit wonder in the public eye.
In 2013, the song was featured on Grand Theft Auto V's soundtrack, as part of the radio station Non-Stop Pop's playlist.
Contents
[hide]
1 Video
2 Chart performance
2.1 Weekly singles charts
2.2 Year-end charts
3 Other versions
4 In popular culture
5 References
6 External links
Video[edit]
The music video shot in B&W and in color, was filmed in New York City by cinematographer Derek M. Allen at the request of Child, due to having written the song while living there. In it, Child is seen walking through downtown Manhattan at night, alternating with scenes of the artist at work, laying down tracks on a Fairlight and mixing the results on a multitrack board.
Chart performance[edit]
Weekly singles charts[edit]
Chart (1990-1991)
Peak
position
Canada (RPM) 4
Ireland (IRMA) 26
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[5] 52
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[6] 12
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[7] 16
UK (The Official Charts Company) 22
U.S. Billboard Hot 100 2
U.S. Billboard Hot R&B Singles 6
U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Club Play 11
U.S. Cash Box Top 100 2
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1990)
Position
Canada [8] 49
U.S. Billboard Hot 100[9] 29
U.S. Cash Box [10] 27
Other versions[edit]
The song was covered in 2008 by Kimberly Wyatt of the Pussycat Dolls, appearing on the bonus disc for their album Doll Domination.
It was also sampled by producer M-Phazes, which was used for the 2014 song "Don't Wanna Fall in Love" by singer/rapper KYLE.
In popular culture[edit]
The song is featured in Grand Theft Auto V, it is played on Non-Stop Pop FM.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Stylus Magazine Archived February 13, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942-2004. Record Research. p. 117.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). Hot Dance/Disco: 1974-2003. Record Research. p. 57.
Jump up ^ RIAA Gold & Platinum Searchable Database - Jane Child Singles[permanent dead link]. RIAA.com. Retrieved 2010-02-13.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Jane Child – Don't Wanna Fall in Love" (in Dutch). Single Top 100.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Jane Child – Don't Wanna Fall in Love". Top 40 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Swedishcharts.com – Jane Child – Don't Wanna Fall in Love". Singles Top 100.
Jump up ^ http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?brws_s=1&file_num=nlc008388.9139&type=1&interval=24&PHPSESSID=mhe12pta2k83e08udtq66ot062
Jump up ^ "Billboard Top 100 - 1990". Archived from the original on 2010-01-17. Retrieved 2009-09-15.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-12-29. Retrieved 2015-11-10.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Don%27t_Wanna_Fall_in_Love&oldid=800255466"
Categories:
1990 singles
Jane Child songs
Warner Bros. Records singles
1989 songs
New jack swing songs
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This page was last edited on 12 September 2017, at 11:16.
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