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Powers of the United States Congress
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This is a subarticle of United States Congress
Congress meets in the United States Capitol.
Powers of the United States Congress are implemented by the United States Constitution, defined by rulings of the Supreme Court, and by its own efforts and by other factors such as history and custom. It is the chief legislative body of the United States. Some powers are explicitly defined by the Constitution and are called enumerated powers; others have been assumed to exist and are called implied powers.
Contents
[hide]
1 General powers
2 Enumerated powers
3 Implied powers and the commerce clause
4 References
5 External links
General powers[edit]
Former US general George Washington presided over the signing of the United States Constitution which included Alexander Hamilton, Benjamin Franklin, and James Madison.
Article I of the Constitution sets forth most of the powers of Congress, which include numerous explicit powers enumerated in Section 8. Constitutional amendments have granted Congress additional powers. Congress also has implied powers derived from the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution.
Congress has the power of the purse and it can tax citizens, spend money, and authorize the printing of currency such as this bill for $100,000.
Congress has authority over financial and budgetary matters, through the enumerated power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States. The Sixteenth Amendment, ratified in 1913, extended power of taxation to include income taxes.[1] The Constitution also grants Congress exclusively the power to appropriate funds. This power of the purse is one of Congress' primary checks on the executive branch.[1] Other powers granted to Congress include the authority to borrow money on the credit of the United States, regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, and coin money.[2] Generally both Senate and House have equal legislative authority although only the House may originate revenue bills and, by tradition, appropriation bills.[3]
Congress authorizes defense spending to buy and maintain aircraft carriers such as the USS Bon Homme Richard. The name Richard is from a rough French language reference to Benjamin Franklin's Poor Richard's Almanac meaning Good man Richard.
The Constitution also gives Congress an important role in national defense, including the exclusive power to declare war, to raise and maintain the armed forces, and to make rules for the military.[4] Some critics charge that the executive branch has usurped Congress's Constitutionally-defined task of declaring war.[5] While historically presidents initiated the process for going to war, they asked for and received formal war declarations from Congress for the War of 1812, the Mexican–American War, the Spanish–American War, World War I, and World War II,[6] although President Theodore Roosevelt's military move into Panama in 1903 did not get Congressional assent.[6] Presidents have initiated war without Congressional war declarations; Truman called the Korean War a "police action"[7] and the Vietnam War lasted over a decade without a declaration of war.[6] In 1970, Time magazine noted: "All told, it has been calculated, U.S. presidents have ordered troops into position or action without a formal congressional declaration a total of 149 times" before 1970.[6] In 1993, one writer noted "Congress's war power has become the most flagrantly disregarded provision in the Constitution," and that the "real erosion (of Congressional authority to declare war) began after World War II."[8] President George H. W. Bush claimed he could begin Operation Desert Storm and launch a "deliberate, unhurried, post–Cold War decision to start a war" without Congressional approval.[8] Critics charge that President George W. Bush largely initiated the Iraq War with little debate in Congress or consultation with Congress, despite a Congressional vote on military force authorization.[9][10] Disagreement about the extent of congressional versus presidential power regarding war has been present periodically throughout the nation's history.[11]
An enumerated congressional power is to establish post offices including this one in Athens, Georgia, pictured in 1942.
Congress also has the power to establish post offices and post roads, issue patents and copyrights, fix standards of weights and measures, establish courts inferior to the Supreme Court, and "To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof." Article Four gives Congress the power to admit new states into the Union.
One congressional power is oversight of other branches of the government. In the early 1970s, the Senate investigated the activities of President Richard Nixon regarding Watergate which led to the president's resignation.
One of the foremost non-legislative functions of the Congress is the power to investigate and to oversee the executive branch.[12] Congressional oversight is usually delegated to committees and is facilitated by Congress' subpoena power.[13] Some critics have charged that Congress has in some instances failed to do an adequate job of overseeing the other branches of government. In the Valerie Plame Wilson episode sometimes known as the Plame affair, some critics, including Representative Henry A. Waxman, charged that Congress was not doing an adequate job of oversight in this case.[14] Other critics charge Congress was lax in its oversight duties regarding presidential actions such as warrantless wiretapping, although others respond that Congress did investigate the legality of decisions by President George W. Bush involving such matters.[15]
Congress has the power to impeach officials including the president. In 1868, this committee helped impeach president Andrew Johnson who was almost convicted; Johnson stayed in office.
Congress also has the exclusive impeachment power, allowing impeachment, trial, and removal of the President, federal judges and other federal officers.[16]
Enumerated powers[edit]
Main article: Enumerated powers
Among the powers specifically given to Congress in Article I Section 8, are the following:

1.To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;
2. To borrow money on the credit of the United States;
3. To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Native American tribes;
4. To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States;
5. To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures;
6. To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States;
7. To establish post offices and post roads;
8. To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries;
9. To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court;
10. To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offenses against the law of nations;
11. To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water;
12. To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years;
13. To provide and maintain a navy;
14. To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces;
15. To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions;
16. To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;
17. To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten miles (16 km) square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other needful buildings.
One of many congressional powers is to "define and punish piracies on the high seas".
Other congressional powers have been granted, or confirmed, by constitutional amendments. The Thirteenth (1865), Fourteenth (1868), and Fifteenth Amendments (1870) gave Congress authority to enact legislation to enforce rights of all citizens regardless of race, including voting rights, due process, and equal protection under the law.[17] Generally militia forces are controlled by state governments, not Congress.[18]
Implied powers and the commerce clause[edit]
Representative John A. Bingham of Ohio was a principal framer of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Congress also has implied powers, which derive from the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution and permit Congress "To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof."[19] Broad interpretations of this clause and of the Commerce Clause, the enumerated power to regulate commerce, in rulings such as McCulloch v Maryland, have effectively widened the scope of Congress' legislative authority far beyond that prescribed in Section 8.[20][21]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Davidson (2006), p. 18
Jump up ^ editorial staff (May 30, 2008). "Congress and the Dollar". New York Sun. Retrieved 2010-09-11. ...Article One, Section Eight of the Constitution. ... the founders of America delegated to the Congress the power to, among other things, "coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures."
Jump up ^ John V. Sullivan (July 24, 2007). "How Our Laws Are Made". The Library of Congress. Retrieved 2010-09-11. Unlike some other parliamentary bodies, both the Senate and the House of Representatives have equal legislative functions and powers with certain exceptions. For example, the Constitution provides that only the House of Representatives may originate revenue bills. By tradition, the House also originates appropriation bills. As both bodies have equal legislative powers, the designation of one as the upper House and the other as the lower House is not applicable.
Jump up ^ KATE ZERNIKE (September 28, 2006). "Senate Passes Detainee Bill Sought by Bush". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-09-11. The Senate approved legislation this evening governing the interrogation and trials of terror suspects, establishing far-reaching new rules in the definition of who may be held and how they should be treated. ... The legislation sets up rules for the military commissions ...
Jump up ^ "References about Congressional war declaring power".
Dana D. Nelson (October 11, 2008). "The 'unitary executive' question". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
Steve Holland (May 1, 2009). "Obama revelling in U.S. power unseen in decades". Reuters UK. Retrieved 2009-09-28.
"The Law: The President's War Powers". Time Magazine. June 1, 1970. Retrieved 2009-09-28.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "The Law: The President's War Powers". Time Magazine. June 1, 1970. Retrieved 2009-09-28.
Jump up ^ The President's News Conference of June 29, 1950
^ Jump up to: a b Michael Kinsley (March 15, 1993). "The Case for a Big Power Swap". Time Magazine. Retrieved 2009-09-28.
Jump up ^ "Time Essay: Where's Congress?". Time Magazine. May 22, 1972. Retrieved 2009-09-28.
Jump up ^ "The Law: The President's War Powers". Time Magazine. June 1, 1970. Retrieved 2010-09-11. Did Richard Nixon "usurp" the constitutional powers of Congress when he unilaterally ordered troops into Cambodia? Swarms of lawyers went to Washington last week to join an increasingly intense debate on the issue (see THE NATION). Their most persuasive arguments raised fundamental questions that go far beyond Cambodia and the Indochina war. Many of the antiwar lawyers conceded that proving the Cambodian "attacks" unconstitutional may be difficult.
Jump up ^ "THE PROCEEDINGS OF CONGRESS.; SENATE". The New York Times. June 28, 1862. Retrieved 2010-09-11. Mr. SUMNER spoke in favor of the House bills, contending that they were entirely free from all constitutional objections. They were just as constitutional as the Constitution itself. They only form a part of the means for the suppression of the rebellion. The war powers of Congress are clearly derived from the Constitution, and Congress has a perfect right to exercise war powers. He protested earnestly against the absurd and tyrannical doctrine that all war powers were centred in the President, and against any attempt to foist such an unconstitutional doctrine into the Constitution, as showing the effrontery with which ignorance and conceit excused unconstitutional doctrines. He contended, at length, that confiscation and liberation were among the war powers of Congress, and he had more hope from liberation than from confiscation.
Jump up ^ David S. Broder (March 18, 2007). "Congress's Oversight Offensive". Washington Post. Retrieved 2010-09-11. A Congress under firm Republican control was somnolent when it came to oversight of the executive branch. No Republican committee chairman wanted to turn over rocks in a Republican administration.
Jump up ^ Thomas Ferraro (April 25, 2007). "House committee subpoenas Rice on Iraq". Reuters. Retrieved 2010-09-11. Democratic lawmakers on Wednesday subpoenaed Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice to testify about a central and later refuted administration justification for the 2003 U.S.-led invasion of Iraq. But the administration said it might fight the subpoena, citing a legal doctrine that can shield a president and his aides from having to answer questions from Congress. "Those matters are covered by executive privilege," said State Department spokesman Sean McCormack, moving toward a possible legal showdown with the Democratic-led Congress.
Jump up ^ James Gerstenzang (July 16, 2008). "Bush claims executive privilege in Valerie Plame Wilson case". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
Jump up ^ Elizabeth B. Bazan and Jennifer K. Elsea, legislative attorneys (January 5, 2006). "Presidential Authority to Conduct Warrantless Electronic Surveillance to Gather Foreign Intelligence Information" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 2009-09-28.
Jump up ^ Linda P. Campbell and Glen Elsasser (October 20, 1991). "Supreme Court Slugfests A Tradition". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2010-09-11. The Constitution says judges have lifetime appointments ``during good behavior`` but, like other federal officers, they can be removed from office for ``treason, bribery or other high crimes and misdemeanors.... It's entirely in Congress` determination what the limitations of the impeachment clause may be,`` said John Killian, senior specialist in American constitutional law for the Congressional Research Service.
Jump up ^ Davidson (2006), p. 19
Jump up ^ J. LESLIE KINCAID (January 17, 1916). "TO MAKE THE MILITIA A NATIONAL FORCE.; The Power of Congress Under the Constitution "for Organizing, Arming, and Disciplining" the State Troops". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-09-11. From the many articles which have appeared in the public press the general idea seems to prevail that the militia is essentially a State force. To whatever extent this may be true, at the present time, it has resulted from the failure of Congress adequately to provide for the militia as a national force.
Jump up ^ Stephen Herrington (February 25, 2010). "Red State Anxiety and The Constitution". Huffington Post. Retrieved 2010-09-11. The Tenth states, "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people." It does not say that laws derived under and consistent with the Articles of the Constitution cannot be enacted over and above the original writing or that State's retain a power to overrule federal law. The authority for doing so is based in implied powers and is among the earliest arguments in Constitutional law. Implied powers are derived from the general welfare and necessary and proper clauses.
Jump up ^ "Timeline". CBS News. 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-11. McCulloch v. Maryland states that the Constitution grants implied powers to Congress, enabling it to carry out explicitly defined powers. The decision vastly augments Congress' power to make laws.
Jump up ^ RANDY E. BARNETT (April 23, 2009). "The Case for a Federalism Amendment". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2010-09-11. Finally, Section 5 authorizes judges to keep Congress within its limits by examining laws restricting the rightful exercise of liberty to ensure that they are a necessary and proper means to implement an enumerated power. This section also requires that the Constitution be interpreted according to its original meaning at the time of its enactment. But by expanding the powers of Congress to include regulating all interstate activity, the Amendment greatly relieves the political pressure on courts to adopt a strained reading of Congress's enumerated powers. Monkeys
External links[edit]
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You've Got Mail (soundtrack)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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You've Got Mail
Soundtrack album by Various Artists
Released
December 1, 1998[1]
Genre
Original soundtrack
Label
Atlantic
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source
Rating
Allmusic [2]
You've Got Mail is a soundtrack album from the 1998 film of the same name.
Contents
1 Background
2 Track listing
3 Other songs from the film
4 References
Background[edit]
The soundtrack was released on December 1, 1998 under Atlantic Records, and featured a mixture of classics from the 1960s and 1970s, particularly the work of Harry Nilsson with three original songs, as well as new original recordings and covers.[3] The score to the film was written by the English composer George Fenton.[4]
Track listing[edit]
Harry Nilsson - "The Puppy Song" - 2:43
The Cranberries - "Dreams" - 4:31
Bobby Darin - "Splish Splash" - 2:12
Louis Armstrong - "Dummy Song" - 2:19
Harry Nilsson - "Remember" - 4:02
Roy Orbison - "Dream" - 2:12
Bobby Day - "Rockin' Robin" - 2:36
Randy Newman - "Lonely at the Top" - 2:32
Stevie Wonder - "Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours" - 2:38
Sinéad O'Connor - "I Guess the Lord Must Be in New York City" - 3:08
Harry Nilsson - "Over the Rainbow" - 3:31
Carole King - "Anyone At All" - 3:09
Billy Williams - "I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Write Myself a Letter" - 2:08
George Fenton - "The 'You've Got Mail' Suite" - 5:36
Jimmy Durante - "You Made Me Love You" - 3:04
Other songs from the film[edit]
The song "Never Smile at a Crocodile" is featured in the film (in the scene where Joe first meets Kathleen in her bookstore) but is not on the soundtrack album. Also, although the movie features Harry Nilsson's original version of "I Guess The Lord Must Be In New York City," it does not appear on the soundtrack album. The Sinéad O'Connor "cover version" featured on the soundtrack album is heard only during the closing credits of the film.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.soundtrack.net/albums/database/?id=1818
Jump up ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. You've Got Mail at AllMusic
Jump up ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. You've Got Mail at AllMusic
Jump up ^ Clemmensen, Christian (April 1, 1999). "You've Got Mail soundtrack review". Filmtracks.com. Retrieved October 14, 2015.

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Emily D. West
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The Emily Morgan Hotel, in downtown San Antonio, is named in honor of the Texas heroine
Emily D. West (c.1815–1891), also known as Emily Morgan, is a folk heroine whose legendary activities during the Texas Revolution have come to be identified with the song "The Yellow Rose of Texas".
Biography[edit]
West was a free woman of color, of mixed race, or a "high yellow". She was born in New Haven, Connecticut.[1] In 1835 she was contracted to James Morgan in New York to work as an indentured servant for one year in Morgan's Point, Texas, at the New Washington Association's hotel as a housekeeper.[1] Several months into her year of indentureship, on April 16, 1836, West and other residents were kidnapped by Mexican cavalry. West was forced to travel with the forces of General Antonio López de Santa Anna as they prepared to face the army led by Sam Houston, and was in the Mexican camp on April 21 when Houston's force attacked. The Texans won the Battle of San Jacinto in 18 minutes.[2]
According to legend, Santa Anna had been caught unprepared because he was having sex with West. No contemporary accounts indicate that Santa Anna was with a woman at the time, but the story was recorded in the journal of Englishman William Bollaert in 1842, who was told the story by Sam Houston during a steamer trip.[1] After Bollaert's diary was published in 1956, amateur historians began to expand the tale, with Henderson Shuffler suggesting that West fit the description of the girl in the then-popular folk song "The Yellow Rose of Texas."[1] The story continued to grow, with many references to West's beauty, as the legend took hold by the 1986 Texas Sesquicentennial.
Historian Philip Thomas Tucker questions the reliability of the tale pointing out that "Santa Anna possessed a distinct aversion to the intermingling of races." Santa Anna held that much of Mexico's political troubles were due to this, holding that "We have failed because of our deplorable racial mixture, and the responsibility for this sad state of affairs lies with the Spanish missionaries who saved the Indian from extinction."[3]
After the Battle of San Jacinto, the real Emily West wanted to leave Texas, but the papers that declared her "free" had been lost. Major Isaac Moreland, commandant of the garrison at Galveston,[4] vouched for Emily in her application for a passport.[5] Emily possibly returned to New York in March 1837.[1]
Name controversy[edit]
It is unknown if she did carry James Morgan's surname, as was supposed, although this was the custom for indentured servants and slaves at the time.[1] Also, arriving coincidentally in Morgan's Point on board Morgan's schooner from New York was Emily West de Zavala,[1] the wife of the interim Vice President of the Republic of Texas, Lorenzo de Zavala, and grandmother of Adina Emilia De Zavala.[6] The widowed Mrs Lorenzo de Zavala had returned to New York in 1837 at about the same time as Emily D. West, although West de Zavala returned to Texas in early 1839.[7] Denise McVea suggests that the Emily West of the Yellow Rose of Texas legend was Emily West de Zavala.[8] There is no contemporary or primary evidence that Emily D. West and Emily de Zavala were the same person.[citation needed]
References[edit]
Texas portal
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Henson, Margaret Swett. "West, Emily D". Handbook of Texas. Retrieved 2010-01-01.
Jump up ^ "Battle of San Jacinto Historical Marker". Texas State Historical Commission.
Jump up ^ Phillip Thomas Tucker. Emily D. West and the "Yellow Rose of Texas" Myth. McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 176.
Jump up ^ Cutrer, Thomas W. (June 15, 2010). "Moreland, Isaac N". Handbook of Texas. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 2015-05-26. External link in |work= (help)
Jump up ^ "Emily West Passport". The Texas State Library and Archives. March 6, 2009. Retrieved 2010-05-07.
Jump up ^ Estep, Raymond (June 15, 2010). "Zavala, Lorenzo de". Handbook of Texas. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 2015-05-26. External link in |work= (help)
Jump up ^ Henson, Margaret Swett (June 15, 2010). "Zavala, Emily West de". Handbook of Texas. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 2015-05-26. External link in |work= (help)
Jump up ^ McVea, Denise (2006), Making Myth of Emily: Emily West de Zavala and the Yellow Rose of Texas Legend. Auris Books, San Antonio, Texas.
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The Longest Day (film)
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For other uses, see The Longest Day.
The Longest Day
original movie poster
Directed by
Ken Annakin (British & French exteriors)
Andrew Marton (American exteriors)
Bernhard Wicki (German episodes)
Gerd Oswald (Parachuting Scenes, uncredited)
Darryl F. Zanuck (uncredited)
Produced by
Darryl F. Zanuck
Screenplay by
Cornelius Ryan
Romain Gary
James Jones
David Pursall
Jack Seddon
Based on
The Longest Day by Cornelius Ryan
Starring
John Wayne
Henry Fonda
Robert Mitchum
Sean Connery
Eddie Albert
Curd Jürgens
Richard Todd
Richard Burton
Peter Lawford
Rod Steiger
Irina Demick
Gert Fröbe
Edmond O'Brien
Kenneth More
Music by
Maurice Jarre (score)
Paul Anka (theme)
Cinematography
Jean Bourgoin
Walter Wottitz
Edited by
Samuel E. Beetley
Production
company
Darryl F. Zanuck Productions, Inc.
Distributed by
20th Century Fox
Release date
September 25, 1962 (1962-09-25) (France, U.S.)
October 4, 1962 (1962-10-04) (Canada)
October 23, 1962 (1962-10-23) (Germany, Mexico, UK)
Running time
178 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
German
French
Budget
$7.75 million[1]
Box office
$50,100,000[2]
The Longest Day is a 1962 epic war film based on Cornelius Ryan's book The Longest Day (1959), about the D-Day landings at Normandy on June 6, 1944, during World War II. The film was produced by Darryl F. Zanuck, who paid author Ryan $175,000 for the film rights.[3] The screenplay was by Ryan, with additional material written by Romain Gary, James Jones, David Pursall and Jack Seddon. It was directed by Ken Annakin (British and French exteriors), Andrew Marton (American exteriors), and Bernhard Wicki (German scenes).
The Longest Day, which was made in black and white, features a large ensemble cast including John Wayne, Kenneth More, Richard Todd, Robert Mitchum, Richard Burton, Steve Forrest, Sean Connery, Henry Fonda, Red Buttons, Peter Lawford, Eddie Albert, Jeffrey Hunter, Stuart Whitman, Tom Tryon, Rod Steiger, Leo Genn, Gert Fröbe, Irina Demick, Bourvil, Curt Jürgens, George Segal, Robert Wagner, Paul Anka and Arletty. Many of these actors played roles that were essentially cameo appearances. In addition, several cast members – including Fonda, Genn, More, Steiger and Todd – saw action as servicemen during the war, with Todd actually being among the first British officers to land in Normandy in Operation Overlord and he in fact participated in the assault on Pegasus Bridge.
The film employed several Axis and Allied military consultants who had been actual participants on D-Day. Many had their roles re-enacted in the film. These included: Günther Blumentritt (a former German general), James M. Gavin (an American general), Frederick Morgan (Deputy Chief of Staff at SHAEF), John Howard (who led the airborne assault on the Pegasus Bridge), Lord Lovat (who commanded the 1st Special Service Brigade), Philippe Kieffer (who led his men in the assault on Ouistreham), Pierre Koenig (who commanded the Free French Forces in the invasion), Max Pemsel (a German general), Werner Pluskat (the major who was the first German officer to see the invasion fleet), Josef "Pips" Priller (the hot-headed pilot) and Lucie Rommel (widow of Field Marshal Erwin Rommel).
A colorized version of this film was released on VHS in 1994, the 50th anniversary of the invasion.
The movie won two Academy Awards and was nominated for three others.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
2.1 American
2.2 British
2.3 French
2.4 German
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Filming
3.3 Casting
4 Release
5 Reception
5.1 Awards and nominations
6 References
6.1 Bibliography
7 External links
Plot[edit]
The movie is filmed in the style of a docudrama. Beginning in the days leading up to D-Day, it concentrates on events on both sides of the channel, such as the Allies waiting for the break in the poor weather and anticipating the reaction of the Axis forces defending northern France. The film pays particular attention to the decision by Gen. Eisenhower, Supreme Commander of SHAEF, to go after reviewing the initial bad-weather reports as well as reports about the divisions within the German High Command as to where an invasion might happen or what the response to it should be.
Numerous scenes document the early hours of June 6 when Allied airborne troops were sent in to take key locations inland from the beaches. The French resistance is also shown reacting to the news that an invasion has started. The Longest Day chronicles most of the important events surrounding D-Day, from the British glider missions to secure Pegasus Bridge, the counterattacks launched by American paratroopers scattered around Sainte-Mère-Église, the infiltration and sabotage work conducted by the French resistance and SOE agents to the response by the Wehrmacht to the invasion and the uncertainty of German commanders as to whether it was a feint in preparation for crossings at the Pas de Calais (see Operation Fortitude), where the senior German staff had always assumed it would be.
Set-piece scenes include the parachute drop into Sainte-Mère-Église, the advance inshore from the Normandy beaches, the U.S. Ranger Assault Group's assault on the Pointe du Hoc, the attack on Ouistreham by Free French Forces and the strafing of the beaches by two lone Luftwaffe pilots.
The film concludes with a montage showing various Allied units consolidating their beachheads before they advance inland to reach Germany by crossing France.
Cast[edit]
American[edit]
Actor
Role
Eddie Albert Colonel Thompson, 29th Infantry Division
Paul Anka Private, 2nd Ranger Battalion
Richard Beymer Private Arthur 'Dutch' Schultz, 82nd Airborne Division
Red Buttons Private John Steele, 2nd Battalion, 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment
Gary Collins Officer on destroyer bridge (uncredited)
John Crawford Colonel Eugene Caffey, Commander, 1st Engineer Special Brigade (uncredited)
Mark Damon Private Harris (uncredited)
Ray Danton Captain Frank, 29th Infantry Division
Fred Dur Major, 2nd Ranger Battalion
Fabian Private, 2nd Ranger Battalion
Mel Ferrer Major General Robert Haines, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF)
Henry Fonda Brigadier General Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., Assistant Commander, 4th Infantry Division
Steve Forrest Captain Harding, 2nd Battalion, 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment
Henry Grace (dubbed by Allen Swift) General Dwight D. Eisenhower, Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Forces (uncredited)
Peter Helm Young private, 29th Infantry Division
Jeffrey Hunter Sergeant John H. Fuller, combat engineer, 29th Infantry Division
Alexander Knox Lieutenant General Walter Bedell Smith, Chief of Staff, SHAEF
Mickey Knox Downed Airman, (uncredited)
Dewey Martin Private Wilder, 4th Infantry Division (scenes deleted)
Roddy McDowall Private Morris, 4th Infantry Division
John Meillon Rear Admiral Alan G. Kirk, Commander, U.S. Naval Forces (uncredited)
Sal Mineo Private Martini, 82nd Airborne Division
Robert Mitchum Brigadier General Norman Cota, Assistant Commander, 29th Infantry Division
Tony Mordente Cook, 82nd Airborne Division (uncredited)
Bill Nagy Major, 2nd Battalion, 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment
Edmond O'Brien Major General Raymond O. Barton, Commander, 4th Infantry Division
Ron Randell Joe Williams, war correspondent
Robert Ryan Brigadier General James M. Gavin, Assistant Commander, 82nd Airborne Division
Tommy Sands Private, 2nd Ranger Battalion
George Segal Private, 2nd Ranger Battalion
Bob Steele Paratrooper, 82nd Airborne Division (uncredited)
Rod Steiger Destroyer commander, United States Navy
Nicholas Stuart Lieutenant General Omar N. Bradley, Commander, First Army (uncredited)
Tom Tryon Lieutenant Wilson, 2nd Battalion, 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment
Robert Wagner Private, 2nd Ranger Battalion
Joe Warfield Army medic (uncredited)
John Wayne Lieutenant Colonel Benjamin H. Vandervoort, CO, 2nd Battalion, 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment
Stuart Whitman Lieutenant Sheen, 2nd Battalion, 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment
British[edit]
Actor
Role
Patrick Barr Group Captain J. M. Stagg, meteorologist (uncredited)
Lyndon Brook Lieutenant Walsh, "D" Company, 2nd Battalion, Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry (uncredited)
Richard Burton Flying Officer David Campbell, Royal Air Force fighter pilot
Bryan Coleman Ronald Callen, war correspondent (uncredited)
Sean Connery Private Flanagan, 3rd Infantry Division
Richard Dawson British soldier (uncredited)
Jack Hedley 6th Airborne Division briefing officer (uncredited)
Leslie de Laspee Piper Bill Millin, 1st Special Service Brigade (uncredited)
Frank Finlay Private Coke (uncredited)
Harry Fowler Soldier, 6th Airborne Division (uncredited)
Bernard Fox Lance-Corporal Hutchinson, Royal Armoured Corps (uncredited)
Leo Genn Major-general at SHAEF
Harold Goodwin Soldier in glider (uncredited)
John Gregson Padre, 6th Airborne Division
Walter Horsbrugh Rear-Admiral George Creasy, Chief of Staff to Admiral Ramsay (uncredited)
Donald Houston RAF fighter pilot in mess
Patrick Jordan British officer (uncredited)
Simon Lack Air Chief Marshal Sir Trafford Leigh-Mallory, Commander-in-Chief, Allied Expeditionary Air Force (uncredited)
Harry Landis British soldier (uncredited)
Peter Lawford Brigadier Lord Lovat, Commander, 1st Special Service Brigade
Neil McCallum Canadian medical officer (uncredited)
Victor Maddern Cook (uncredited)
Howard Marion-Crawford Major Jacob Vaughan, Medical Officer, 2nd Battalion, Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry (uncredited)
Michael Medwin Private Watney, Universal Carrier driver, 3rd Infantry Division
Kenneth More Acting Captain Colin Maud, Royal Navy Beachmaster, Juno Beach
Louis Mounier Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur Tedder, Deputy Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Forces (uncredited)
Leslie Phillips RAF officer with French Resistance
Siân Phillips Wren assistant to Stagg (uncredited)
Trevor Reid General Sir Bernard Montgomery, Commander-in-Chief, Allied Armies (uncredited)
John Robinson Admiral Sir Bertram Ramsay, Allied Naval Commander-in-Chief (uncredited)
Norman Rossington Lance-Corporal Clough, 3rd Infantry Division
Richard Todd Major John Howard, OC, "D" Company, 2nd Battalion, Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry
Richard Wattis Major, 6th Airborne Division
French[edit]
Actor
Role
Arletty Madame Barrault, resident of Sainte-Mère-Église
Jean-Louis Barrault Father Louis Roulland, parish priest of Sainte-Mère-Église
Yves Barsacq French Resistance man, Caen (uncredited)
André Bourvil Alphonse Lenaux, Mayor of Colleville-sur-Mer
Pauline Carton Louis's housekeeper
Jean Champion French Resistance man, Caen (uncredited)
Irina Demick Janine Boitard, French Resistance, Caen
Bernard Fresson Fusilier Marin Commando (uncredited)
Clément Harari Arrested man (uncredited)
Fernand Ledoux Louis, elderly farmer
Christian Marquand Capitaine de Corvette Philippe Kieffer, CO, 1er Bataillon de Fusiliers Marins Commandos
Maurice Poli Jean, French Resistance, Caen (uncredited)
Madeleine Renaud Mother superior in Ouistreham
Georges Rivière Second-Maître Guy de Montlaur, 1er Bataillon de Fusiliers Marins Commandos
Jean Servais Contre-amiral Robert Jaujard, Commander, 4th Cruiser Division, Free French Naval Forces
Alice Tissot Lenaux's housekeeper (uncredited)
Georges Wilson Alexandre Renaud, Mayor of Sainte-Mère-Église
Dominique Zardi Spitfire pilot (uncredited)
German[edit]
Actor
Role
Hans Christian Blech Major Werner Pluskat, 352nd Artillery Regiment, 352nd Infantry Division
Wolfgang Büttner Generalleutnant Dr. Hans Speidel, Chief of Staff, Army Group B
Eugene Deckers German Major in church (uncredited)
Robert Freitag Meyer's aide (uncredited)
Gert Fröbe Unteroffizier "Kaffeekanne" ("coffee pot")
Walter Gotell SS General (uncredited)
Paul Hartmann Generalfeldmarschall Gerd von Rundstedt, Commander, OB West
Ruth Hausmeister Lucie Rommel, Rommel's wife (uncredited)
Michael Hinz Manfred Rommel, Rommel's son (uncredited)
Werner Hinz Generalfeldmarschall Erwin Rommel, Commander, Army Group B
Karl John Generalleutnant Wolfgang Häger, Luftwaffe Kommando West
Curt Jürgens General der Infanterie Günther Blumentritt, Chief of Staff, OB West
Til Kiwe Hauptmann Helmuth Lang, ADC to Rommel (uncredited)
Wolfgang Lukschy Generaloberst Alfred Jodl, Chief of Operations, Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (uncredited)
Kurt Meisel Hauptmann Ernst Düring (uncredited)
Richard Münch General der Artillerie Erich Marcks, Commander, LXXXIV Army Corps
Rainer Penkert Leutnant Fritz Theen, 352nd Artillery Regiment, 352nd Infantry Division (uncredited)
Wolfgang Preiss Generalleutnant Max Pemsel, Chief of Staff, 7th Army
Hartmut Reck Oberfeldwebel Bernhard Bergsdorf, pilot, Jagdgeschwader 26 (uncredited)
Heinz Reincke Oberstleutnant Josef Priller, Kommodore, Jagdgeschwader 26 (uncredited)
Paul Edwin Roth Oberst Schiller (uncredited)
Dietmar Schönherr Häger's aide (uncredited)
Ernst Schröder Generaloberst Hans von Salmuth, Commander, 15th Army (uncredited)
Hans Söhnker Pemsel's staff officer (uncredited)
Heinz Spitzner Oberstleutnant Helmuth Meyer, Chief of Intelligence, 15th Army (uncredited)
Peter van Eyck Oberstleutnant Ocker, Commander, 352nd Artillery Regiment, 352nd Infantry Division
Vicco von Bülow Pemsel's adjutant (uncredited)
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
French producer Raoul Lévy signed a deal with Simon & Schuster to purchase the filming rights to Cornelius Ryan's novel The Longest Day: June 6, 1944 D-Day on March 23, 1960. After finishing The Truth, Lévy set up a deal with the Associated British Picture Corporation and got director Michael Anderson attached. Ryan would receive $100,000, plus $35,000 to write the adaptation's screenplay. Lévy intended to start production in March 1961, filming at Elstree Studios and the English and French coasts. But the project went into a halt once ABPC could not get the $6 million budget Lévy expected. Eventually former 20th Century Fox mogul Darryl F. Zanuck learned about the book while producing The Big Gamble, and in December purchased Lévy's option for $175,000.[4] Zanuck's editor friend Elmo Williams wrote a film treatment, which piqued the producer's interest and made him attach Williams to The Longest Day as associate producer and coordinator of battle episodes. Ryan was brought in to write the script, but had conflicts with Zanuck as soon as the two met. Williams was forced to act as a mediator; he would deliver Ryan's script pages to Zanuck, then return them with the latter's annotations.[5] While Ryan developed the script, Zanuck also brought in other writers for cleanups, including James Jones and Romain Gary. As their contributions to the finished screenplay were relatively minor, Ryan managed to get the screenplay credit after an appeal to the Writers Guild arbitration,[6] but the four other writers are credited for "additional scenes" in the closing credits.
During pre-production, producer Frank McCarthy, who had worked for the United States Department of War during World War II, arranged for military collaboration with the governments of France, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States. Zanuck also realized that with eight battle scenes, shooting would be accomplished more expediently if multiple directors and units worked simultaneously. He contracted with German directors Gerd Oswald and Bernhard Wicki, the British Ken Annakin, and the American Andrew Marton.[7] Zanuck's son Richard D. Zanuck was reluctant about the project, particularly the high budget.[8]
Filming[edit]
The film was shot at several French locations including the Île de Ré, Saleccia beach in Saint-Florent, Haute-Corse, Port-en-Bessin-Huppain filling in for Ouistreham, Les Studios de Boulogne in Boulogne-Billancourt and the actual locations of Pegasus Bridge near Bénouville, Calvados, Sainte-Mère-Église and Pointe du Hoc.[9]
During the filming of the landings at Omaha Beach, the extras appearing as American soldiers did not want to jump off the landing craft into the water because they thought it would be too cold. Robert Mitchum, who played Gen. Norman Cota, became disgusted with their trepidation. He jumped in first, at which point the extras followed his example.
The Rupert paradummies used in the film were far more elaborate and lifelike than those actually used in the decoy parachute drop (Operation Titanic), which were simply canvas or burlap sacks filled with sand. The dummies dressed in American jumpsuits were used in filming the Sainte-Mère-Église sequence.[9] In the real operation, six Special Air Service soldiers jumped with the dummies and played recordings of loud battle noises to distract the Germans.
With a budget of $10,000,000, this was the most expensive black-and-white film made until 1993, when Schindler's List was released.[3]
In the scenes where the paratroopers land, the background noise of frogs croaking "ribbit ribbit" was incorrect for northern French frog species and showed that the film probably used an American recording of background night noises.
Darryl Zanuck hired several former military personnel to aid in direction. The director of American exteriors was Andrew Marton, director of British exteriors was Ken Annakin, director of German exteriors was Bernhard Wicki. This was to ensure the most authentic military procedures.
Colin Maud loaned Kenneth More the shillelagh he carried ashore in the actual invasion (More had served as an officer in the Royal Navy during World War II, albeit not as a Beachmaster); similarly Richard Todd wore the D-Day helmet worn by his character, Maj. John Howard.
In the film, three Free French Special Air Service paratroopers jump into France before British and American airborne landings. This is accurate. Thirty-six Free French SAS (4 sticks) jumped into Brittany (Plumelec and Duault) on June 5 at 23:30, (operation Dingson). The first Allied soldiers killed in action were Lt. Den Brotheridge of the 2nd Ox & Bucks Light Infantry as he crossed Pegasus Bridge at 00:22 on June 6 and Corporal Emile Bouétard of the 4th Free French SAS battalion, at the same time in Plumelec, Brittany.
The United States Sixth Fleet extensively supported the filming and made available many amphibious landing ships and craft for scenes filmed in Corsica, though many of the ships were of (then) modern vintage. The Springfield and Little Rock, both World War II light cruisers (though extensively reconfigured into guided missile cruisers) were used in the shore bombardment scenes, though it was easy to tell they did not resemble their wartime configuration.
Gerd Oswald was the uncredited director of the parachute drop scenes into Sainte-Mère-Église. Darryl F. Zanuck said that he himself directed some uncredited pick-ups with American and British interiors.[10]
Elmo Williams was credited as associate producer and coordinator of battle episodes. He later produced another historical World War II film, Tora! Tora! Tora! (1970), for Zanuck. Like The Longest Day, it used a docudrama style, although it was in color. It depicted the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.
Casting[edit]
John Wayne in The Longest Day
Charlton Heston actively sought the role of Lt. Col. Benjamin H. Vandervoort, but the last-minute decision of John Wayne to take the role prevented Heston's participation. At 55 Wayne was 28 years older than Vandervoort at the time of action (and 10 years older in real life). While everyone else accepted $25,000 as payment, Wayne insisted on $250,000 to punish producer Zanuck for referring to him as "poor John Wayne" regarding Wayne's problems with his lavish movie The Alamo.[11]
Zanuck hired more than 2,000 legitimate soldiers for the film as extras.
Sgt. Kaffeekanne (played by Gert Fröbe)'s name is German for "coffee pot", which he always carries.
It is a common misconception that Bill Millin, the piper who accompanies Lord Lovat to Normandy with his bagpipes, played himself in the film. He was actually portrayed by Pipe Major Leslie de Laspee, the official piper to the Queen Mother in 1961.[12][13]
In Sainte-Mère-Église, Pvt. John Steele from the 82nd Airborne (played by Red Buttons) has been memorialised by the local population with a dummy hanging from a parachute from the church tower on which he accidentally landed.
Richard Todd, who played Maj. John Howard, leader of the British airborne assault on the Pegasus Bridge, took part in the real bridge assault on D-Day. He was offered the chance to play himself but took the part of Maj. Howard instead.
Joseph Lowe landed on Omaha Beach and scaled the cliffs at Pointe du Hoc on D-Day. He repeated the climb for the cameras 17 years later as a serving member of the 505th Airborne Battle Group who provided US Army film extras.
Former US President Dwight D. Eisenhower was considered for the role of himself in the film, and he indicated his willingness. However, it was decided that makeup artists couldn't make him appear young enough to play his World War II self. The role of Gen. Eisenhower went to Henry Grace, a set decorator with no acting experience but who had been in the film industry since the mid-1930s. He was a dead ringer for the younger Eisenhower, though his voice differed.
The film marked the last film appearance of Sean Connery before he was cast in the role of James Bond. Gert Fröbe (Sgt. Kaffeekanne) and Curd Jürgens (Gen. Günther Blumentritt) would later go on to play Bond villains Auric Goldfinger (Goldfinger (1964)) and Karl Stromberg (The Spy Who Loved Me) respectively. Connery would later play Maj. Gen. Roy Urquhart in the 1977 film A Bridge Too Far, which was also based on a book by Cornelius Ryan. (Likewise Wolfgang Preiss played Maj. Gen. Max Pemsel in The Longest Day and Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt in A Bridge Too Far.)
Mel Ferrer was originally signed to play the role of Gen. James M. Gavin but withdrew from the role due to a scheduling conflict.[9]
According to the 2001 documentary Cleopatra: The Film That Changed Hollywood, Richard Burton and Roddy McDowall were so bored having not been used for several weeks while filming in Rome that they phoned Zanuck begging to do "anything" on his film. They flew themselves to the location and each did a day's filming for their cameo-performances for free.
Release[edit]
The film premièred in France on September 25, 1962, followed by the United States on October 4 and 23 for the United Kingdom. Given Fox was suffering with the financial losses of Cleopatra, the studio was intending for The Longest Day to have a wide release to reap quick profits. Zanuck forced them to do a proper Roadshow theatrical release, even threatening to sell distribution to Warner Bros. if Fox had refused to do so.[14] The Longest Day eventually became the box office hit Fox needed, with $30 million in worldwide rentals on a $7.5 million budget.[1]
There were special-release showings of the film in several United States cities. Participants in D-Day were invited to see the film with their fellow soldiers—in Cleveland, Ohio, this took place at the Hippodrome Theater.[citation needed]
Unique for British- and American-produced World War II films of the time, all French and German characters speak in their own languages with subtitles in English. Another version, which was shot simultaneously, has all the actors speaking their lines in English (this version was used for the film's trailer, as all the Germans deliver their lines in English). However, this version saw limited use during the initial release. It was used more extensively during a late 1960s re-release of the film.
The English-only version has been featured as an extra on older single disc DVD releases. As of August 2017, it is also available for viewing on Netflix.
Reception[edit]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Academy Award for Best Art Direction (1962): Ted Haworth, Léon Barsacq, Vincent Korda and Gabriel Béchir (nominated)[15]
Academy Award for Best Cinematography (1962): Jean Bourgoin and Walter Wottitz (won)[15]
Academy Award for Best Editing (1962): Samuel E. Beetley (nominated)[15]
Academy Award for Best Picture (1962): Darryl F. Zanuck (nominated)[15]
Academy Award for Best Special Effects (1962): Robert MacDonald and Jacques Maumont (won)[15]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Solomon, Aubrey (1989). Twentieth Century Fox: A Corporate and Financial History (The Scarecrow Filmmakers Series). Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. p. 253. ISBN 978-0-8108-4244-1.
Jump up ^ "The Longest Day – Box Office Data". The Numbers. 2015. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Operation Overblown". TIME. October 19, 1962. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Rubin 1981, p. 91.
Jump up ^ Williams 2006, p. 138-40.
Jump up ^ Lev 2013, p. 234.
Jump up ^ Rubin 1981, p. 93.
Jump up ^ Gussow 1971, p. 198-9.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Notre jour le plus long" [Our longest day]. La Presse de la Manche. Cherbourg, France. 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Longest Day". American Film Institute. 2015. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ Wills, Garry (1997). John Wayne's America: The Politics of Celebrity. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-684-80823-9.
Jump up ^ "Piper Bill Millin". The Pegasus Archive. Retrieved November 1, 2007.
Jump up ^ "D-Day Piper – Bill Millin". The Miniatures Page. August 3, 2006. Retrieved November 1, 2007.
Jump up ^ The Last Movie Tycoon, New York Magazine
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "The Longest Day (1962) Awards". Turner Classic Movies, A Time Warner Company. Retrieved April 30, 2008.
Bibliography[edit]
Gussow, Mel (1971). Darryl F. Zanuck: Don't Say Yes Until I Finish Talking. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0306801329.
Lev, Peter (2013). Twentieth Century-Fox: The Zanuck-Skouras Years, 1935–1965. University of Texas Press. ISBN 0292744471.
Rubin, Steven Jay (1981). Combat Films: American Realism, 1945–2010. McFarland. ISBN 0786486139.
Williams, Elmo (2006). Elmo Williams: A Hollywood Memoir. McFarland. ISBN 0786426217.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Longest Day (film).
Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Longest Day (film)
The Longest Day on IMDb
The Longest Day at Rotten Tomatoes
The Longest Day at the TCM Movie Database
The Longest Day at AllMovie
The Longest Day at the American Film Institute Catalog
The Longest Day at Box Office Mojo
The Longest Headache
[show]
v
t
e
Works based around Operation Overlord
Films
I See a Dark Stranger (1946)
Breakthrough (1950)
The Desert Fox: The Story of Rommel (1951)
Red Ball Express (1952)
D-Day the Sixth of June (1956)
Screaming Eagles (1956)
The Longest Day (1962)
The Americanization of Emily (1964)
36 Hours (1965)
Is Paris Burning? (1966)
Hell in Normandy (1968)
Where Eagles Dare (1968)
Overlord (1975)
The Big Red One (1980)
Eye of the Needle (1981)
D-Day Remembered (1994)
Saving Private Ryan (1998)
Ike: Countdown to D-Day (2004)
Plays
Pressure (2014)
TV Series
The World at War, Episode 17 (1974)
Band of Brothers (2001)
Video Games
Company of Heroes (2006)
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Ken Annakin
It Began on the Clyde (1946)
Fenlands (1946)
Holiday Camp (1947)
Miranda (1948)
Broken Journey (1948)
Here Come the Huggetts (1948)
Vote for Huggett (1949)
The Huggetts Abroad (1949)
Landfall (1949)
Double Confession (1950)
Trio (1950)
Hotel Sahara (1951)
The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men (1952)
The Planter's Wife (1952)
The Sword and the Rose (1953)
You Know What Sailors Are (1954)
The Seekers (1954)
Value for Money (1955)
Loser Takes All (1956)
Three Men in a Boat (1956)
Across the Bridge (1957)
Nor the Moon by Night (1958)
Third Man on the Mountain (1959)
Swiss Family Robinson (1960)
Very Important Person (1961)
The Hellions (1961)
The Fast Lady (1962)
The Longest Day (1962)
Crooks Anonymous (1962)
The Informers (1963)
Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines (1965)
Battle of the Bulge (1965)
The Long Duel (1967)
The Biggest Bundle of Them All (1968)
Monte Carlo or Bust! (1969)
The Call of the Wild (1972)
Paper Tiger (1975)
The Pirate (1978)
The Fifth Musketeer (1979)
Cheaper to Keep Her (1981)
The Pirate Movie (1982)
The New Adventures of Pippi Longstocking (1988)
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Andrew Marton
Two O'Clock in the Morning (1929)
The Night Without Pause (1931)
Johnny Steals Europe (1932)
North Pole, Ahoy (1934)
Demon of the Himalayas (1935)
Wolf's Clothing (1936)
Secret of Stamboul (1936)
School for Husbands (1937)
A Little Bit of Heaven (1940)
Gentle Annie (1944)
Gallant Bess (1946)
King Solomon's Mines (1950)
Storm Over Tibet (1951)
The Wild North (1952)
Prisoner of War (1954)
Men of the Fighting Lady (1954)
Green Fire (1954)
Seven Wonders of the World (1956)
Underwater Warrior (1958)
Oh Islam (1961)
It Happened in Athens (1962)
The Longest Day (1962)
55 Days at Peking (1963)
The Thin Red Line (1964)
Crack in the World (1965)
Clarence, the Cross-Eyed Lion (1965)
Around the World Under the Sea (1966)
Birds Do It (1966)
Africa Texas Style (1967)
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Bernhard Wicki
Die Brücke (1959)
The Miracle of Father Malachia (1961)
The Longest Day (1962)
The Visit (1964)
Morituri (1965)
The Conquest of the Citadel (1977)
Spider's Web (1989)
[show]
v
t
e
Cornelius Ryan
World War II trilogy
The Longest Day (film adaptation)
The Last Battle
A Bridge Too Far (film adaptation)
Other
Cornelius Ryan Award
[show]
v
t
e
Darryl F. Zanuck
Producer
Old San Francisco (1927)
The First Auto (1927)
The Jazz Singer (1927)
Tenderloin (1928)
The Show of Shows (1929)
Three Faces East (1930)
The Doorway to Hell (1931)
Little Caesar (1931)
Illicit (1931)
The Public Enemy (1931)
The Man Who Played God (1932)
The Rich Are Always with Us (1932)
Doctor X (1932)
Life Begins (1932)
The Cabin in the Cotton (1932)
Three on a Match (1932)
20,000 Years in Sing Sing (1932)
Parachute Jumper (1933)
42nd Street (1933)
The Working Man' (1933)
Ex-Lady (1933)
The Bowery (1933)
Blood Money (1933)
Moulin Rouge (1934)
Looking for Trouble (1934)
Born to Be Bad (1934)
Bulldog Drummond Strikes Back (1934)
The Mighty Barnum (1934)
Folies Bergère de Paris (1935)
Les Misérables (1935)
Cardinal Richelieu (1935)
The Call of the Wild (1935)
Metropolitan (1935)
Thanks a Million (1935)
The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo (1935)
Professional Soldier (1935)
The Prisoner of Shark Island (1936)
It Had to Happen (1936)
A Message to Garcia (1936)
Under Two Flags (1936)
The Road to Glory (1936)
Poor Little Rich Girl (1936)
Sing, Baby, Sing (1936)
Pigskin Parade (1936)
Seventh Heaven (1937)
Slave Ship (1937)
Wee Willie Winkie (1937)
Wake Up and Live (1937)
Thin Ice (1937)
Lancer Spy (1937)
In Old Chicago (1937)
Happy Landing (1938)
International Settlement (1938)
Kentucky Moonshine
Always Goodbye (1938)
Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm (1938)
Just Around the Corner (1938)
Little Miss Broadway (1938)
My Lucky Star (1938)
Submarine Patrol (1938)
Jesse James (1939)
Tail Spin (1939)
Wife, Husband and Friend (1939)
The Story of Alexander Graham Bell (1939)
Rose of Washington Square (1939)
Stanley and Livingstone (1939)
The Rains Came (1939)
Hollywood Cavalcade (1939)
Swanee River (1939)
The Little Princess (1939)
The Grapes of Wrath (1940)
Little Old New York (1940)
The Man I Married (1940)
The Return of Frank James (1940)
Brigham Young (1940)
Down Argentine Way (1940)
The Mark of Zorro (1940)
Hudson's Bay (1941)
Tobacco Road (1941)
The Great American Broadcast (1941)
Blood and Sand (1941)
A Yank in the R.A.F. (1941)
How Green Was My Valley (1942)
Son of Fury: The Story of Benjamin Blake (1942)
Sex Hygiene (Short) (1942)
To the Shores of Tripoli (1942)
This Above All (1942)
Thunder Birds (1942)
The Purple Heart (1944)
Wilson (1944)
Winged Victory (1944)
The Razor's Edge (1946)
Gentleman's Agreement (1947)
Fury at Furnace Creek (1948)
The Snake Pit (1948)
Pinky (1949)
Twelve O'Clock High (1949)
No Way Out (1950)
All About Eve (1950)
David and Bathsheba (1951)
People Will Talk (1951)
Viva Zapata! (1952)
The Snows of Kilimanjaro (1952)
The Egyptian (1954)
The View from Pompey's Head (1955)
The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit (1956)
Island in the Sun (1957)
The Sun Also Rises (1957)
The Roots of Heaven (1958)
Crack in the Mirror (1960)
Sanctuary (1961)
The Big Gamble (1961)
The Longest Day (1962)
The Chapman Report (1962)
The Visit (1964)
Writer
as Mark Canfield
The Desired Woman (1927) (story)
Maybe It's Love (1930)
Baby Face (1933) (story)
Crack in the Mirror (1960)
as Melville Crossman
Tenderloin (story) (1928)
State Street Sadie (story) (1928)
Thanks a Million (story) (1935)
A Yank in the R.A.F. (story) (1941)
Thunder Birds (original story) (1942)
China Girl (story) (1942)
The Purple Heart (story) (1944)
as Gregory Rogers
Find Your Man (Rin Tin Tin story) (1924)
The Lighthouse by the Sea (Rin Tin Tin story) (1924)
Three Weeks in Paris (story, screenplay as Darryl Zanuck) (1925)
The Midnight Taxi (story) (1928)
as self
A Broadway Butterfly (1925)
Red Hot Tires (1925)
Hogan's Alley (1925)
The Caveman (scenario) (1926)
The Little Irish Girl (adaptation) (1926)
The Social Highwayman (1926)
Footloose Widows (1926)
Across the Pacific (adaptation) (1926)
The Better 'Ole (screenplay) (1926)
Tracked by the Police (Rin Tin Tin story) (1927)
Old San Francisco (1927)
The First Auto (story) (1927)
Good Time Charley (story) (1927)
Noah's Ark (story) (1928)
My Man (story) (1928)
Hardboiled Rose (story) (1929)
Madonna of Avenue A (story) (1929)
Say It with Songs (story) (1929)
The Life of the Party (1930)
Little Caesar (story – uncredited) (1931)
The Dark Horse (story) (1932)
Lady Killer (story – uncredited) (1933)
Folies Bergère de Paris (contributing writer – uncredited) (1935)
G Men (story) (1935)
This Is My Affair (story – uncredited) (1937)
Alexander's Ragtime Band (contributing writer – uncredited) (1938)
The Great Profile (story – uncredited) (1940)
Ten Gentlemen from West Point (1942)
Executive Producer
Ramona (1936)
Reunion (1936)
Banjo on My Knee (1936)
Kentucky (1938)
Wild Geese Calling (1941)
The King and I (uncredited) (1956)
Tora! Tora! Tora! (uncredited) (1970)
People
Virginia Fox (wife)
Richard D. Zanuck (son)
Dean Zanuck (grandson)
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