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A Good Man Is Hard to Find (short story)
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"A Good Man Is Hard to Find"
Author
Flannery O'Connor
Country
United States
Language
English
Genre(s)
Short story, Southern Gothic
Publication type
Collection
Media type
Print
Publication date
1953
"A Good Man Is Hard to Find" is a short story written by Flannery O'Connor in 1953. The story appears in the collection of short stories of the same name. The interpretive work of scholars often focuses on the controversial final scene.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Plot
3 Characters
4 Interpretation
5 Theme of grace
6 Adaptations
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
Background[edit]
The story was first published in 1953 in the anthology The Avon Book of Modern Writing.[1] In 1960, it was collected in the anthology The House of Fiction, published by Charles Scribner's Sons. Because of its publication in many anthologies, "A Good Man Is Hard to Find" became one of O'Connor's most well known works.[2]
Plot[edit]
A man named Bailey intends to take his family from Georgia to Florida for a summer vacation, but his mother, (referred to as "the grandmother" in the story) wants him to drive to East Tennessee, where the grandmother has friends ("connections"). She argues that his children, John Wesley and June Star, have never been to East Tennessee, and she shows him a news article in the Atlanta Journal Constitution about an escaped murderer who calls himself "The Misfit" and was last seen in Florida. The next day, the grandmother wakes up early to hide her cat, Pitty Sing, in a basket on the floor in the back of the car. She is worried that the cat would die while they were gone. Bailey finds her sitting in the car, dressed in her best clothes and an ostentatious hat; she says that if she should die in an accident along the road, she wants people to see her corpse and know she was refined and "a lady." The Grandmother talks constantly during the trip, trying to engage her two grandchildren in games and telling them jokes and a story, about which June Star makes disdainful comments. She recalls her youth in the Old South, reminiscing about her courtships and how much better everything was in her time, when children were respectful and people "did right then." When the family stops at an old diner outside of Timothy for lunch, she talks to the owner, Red Sammy, about The Misfit. He and the grandmother agree that things were much better in the past and that the world at present is degenerate; she concurs with Sammy's remark that "a good man is hard to find."
After the family returns to the road, the grandmother begins telling the children a story about a mysterious house nearby with a secret panel, a house she remembers from her childhood. This catches the children's attention and they want to visit the house, so they harass their father until he reluctantly agrees to allow them just one side trip. As he drives them down a remote dirt road, the grandmother suddenly realizes that the house she was thinking of was actually in Tennessee, not Georgia. That realization makes her involuntarily kick her feet which frightens the cat, causing it to spring from its hidden basket onto Bailey's neck. Bailey then loses control of the car and it flips over, ending up in a ditch below the road, near Toomsboro. Only the children's mother is injured; the children are frantic with excitement, and the grandmother's main concern is dealing with Bailey's anger.
Shaking in the ditch, the family waits for help. When she notices a black hearse coming down the road, the grandmother flags it down until it stops. Three men come out and begin to talk to her. All three have guns. The grandmother says that she recognizes the leader, the quiet man in glasses, as The Misfit. He immediately confirms this, saying it would have been better for them all if she had not recognized him, and Bailey curses his mother. The Misfit's men take Bailey and John Wesley into the woods on a pretense and two pistol shots ring out. The Misfit claims that he has no memory of the crime for which he was imprisoned; when he was informed by doctors that he had killed his father, he claimed that his father died in a flu epidemic.
The men then return to take the children's mother, the baby, and June Star to the woods for the same purpose as Bailey and the boy. The grandmother begins pleading for her own life. When The Misfit talks to her about Jesus, he expresses his doubts about His raising Lazarus from the dead. As he speaks, The Misfit becomes agitated and angry. He snarls into the grandmother's face and claims that life has "no pleasure but meanness". In her growing confusion, she thinks that The Misfit is going to cry, so she reaches out and touches his shoulder tenderly, saying "Why you're one of my babies. You're one of my own children!" His reaction is to jump away "as if a snake had bitten him" and he kills her with three shots through the heart.
When the family has all been murdered, The Misfit takes a moment to clean his glasses and pick up the grandmother's cat; he states that the grandmother would have been a good woman if "it had been somebody there to shoot her every minute of her life." The story ends with The Misfit chastising one of his sidekicks, Bobby Lee, for making a comment "some fun!" "Shut up, Bobby Lee," he retorts. "It's no real pleasure in life."[3]
Characters[edit]
Bailey
Atlanta resident with a wife and three children and his mother. He crashes their car on a family trip to Florida when he gives in to his mother's and children's wishes to visit an old plantation.
Bailey's wife
Quiet woman described as having a face that was "as broad and innocent as a cabbage." She is not identified by name, only as "the children's mother."
Grandmother
Bailey's mother, who lives with the family. She is not identified by name.
John Wesley, June Star
Bailey's children, aged 8 and 7, respectively.
The Baby
Male child of Bailey and his wife. Not identified by name.
Red Sammy Butts
Restaurant operator who agrees with the Grandmother that the world is in a state of decline.
Red Sammy's Wife
Waitress in Red Sammy's restaurant. She observes that not a single person in the world is trustworthy.
The Misfit
Escaped prisoner who comes across Bailey's family after they have crashed.
Hiram, Bobby Lee
Prisoners who escaped with The Misfit.
Edgar Atkins Teagarden
Man referred to in a story told by Bailey's mother. He would have been a good man to marry, she says, because he owned Coca-Cola stock and died rich.
Pitty Sing
Pet cat of the Grandmother. Bailey flings it against a tree after the accident. It is last seen rubbing against The Misfit's leg. ("Pitty Sing" is a character in the Gilbert and Sullivan operetta, The Mikado.)
Gray Monkey
Pet of Red Sammy Butts. The monkey is chained to a chinaberry tree.
Interpretation[edit]
There are varying opinions of "A Good Man Is Hard to Find." Most of this discrepancy centers on the grandmother's act of touching The Misfit.
The dominant opinion of the story is that the grandmother's final act was one of grace and charity, which implies that "A Good Man Is Hard to Find" was written to show a transformation in the grandmother as the story progresses. She originally perceives herself as a righteous woman, making her able to "justify" all of her actions. She bribes the granddaughter and encourages the defiance of the children against the father; in the end, she even begins to deny the miracles of Jesus as she states "Maybe He didn't raise the dead".[4] Regardless of this, she still is trying to share the message of the Gospel with the Misfit. The reader sees how she, in the final moments of her life, tries to save one more soul after the Misfit has already killed her family, by calling out the Misfit's name.
A second opinion on the issue is that the grandmother's final act was not an act of charity and that she is yet again trying to save herself from being murdered. Some say that Flannery O'Connor uses the excuse as the grandmother's final "moment of grace" to save the story from the bloodshed and violence.[5] Frederick Asals argues that "one can easily pass over her [O'Connor's] hope that the grandmother's final gesture to The Misfit might have begun a process which would 'turn him into the prophet he was meant to become'; that, as she firmly says, is another story, and it would be a reckless piety indeed which would see it even suggested by the one we have".[6]
It is also pointed out that by the time the grandmother touches the Misfit, proclaiming he is her son, he is wearing Bailey's shirt. Other opinions include that it is contradictory of her character or that she was simply again trying to save herself and that her selfishness was never overcome throughout the story.[7]
Not every interpretation hinges on a moral judgment of the grandmother, though. For example, Alex Link considers how, until the family encounters the Misfit, the South is mainly something to ignore, forget, package in a movie or a monument, or remember with distorted nostalgia, such that the Misfit comes to stand for the persistence of what cannot be bought, sold, or wholly understood, such as death, grace, and "the South."[8]
Theme of grace[edit]
O'Connor utilized the dark and morose in her writing to reveal beauty and grace. In the story, violence reveals divine grace. Divine grace, or God's unmerited favor, is a concept fundamental to man's salvation in Christian theology. Christians believe the imperfect can be reborn spiritually, i.e. people can be saved by grace through Jesus Christ. While the two seem to be different, the grandmother and the Misfit both are the same at their core: sinners in need of grace.[9][unreliable source?] Abbie Harris says in her short article "The Misfit is blatantly sinful and enraged at the concept of God's grace, and the Grandma masks her sinfulness with respectability and chooses to treat God as something that she can accept or ignore depending on her situation".[10]
From the beginning of the story, the grandmother repeatedly sins and uses God when it is convenient for her, a common practice of many southern Christians in O'Connor's time. The sins she commits throughout the story create her as a severely flawed individual in need of saving. Only at her death does she realize her faults. After he shoots her, the Misfit claims "she would have been a good woman, if it had been somebody there to shoot her every minute of her life." O'Connor includes this line because she is not trying to convey the message that if someone has a traumatic experience, their life will be changed. She instead conveys a message of the sinful nature of humans; these experiences people may go through do not stick. The grandmother's life would have to be threatened everyday for her to become a good person.[11]
Adaptations[edit]
A film adaptation of the short story "A Good Man Is Hard to Find", entitled Black Hearts Bleed Red, was made in 1992 by New York filmmaker Jeri Cain Rossi. The film stars noted New York artist Joe Coleman,[12] but according to most reviewers the film does not depict the story or its characters well.[citation needed]
An original modern chamber opera based on "A Good Man Is Hard to Find" was completed in 2003 by David Volk, a University of Georgia music doctoral student, as part of his dissertation requirements in composition. The chamber opera was performed at the Seney-Stovall Chapel in Athens, Georgia with grant funding from the University's Ideas for Creative Exploration (ICE). Later that same year, the work was performed at Piedmont College in Demorest, Georgia, and in Milledgeville, Georgia, at "Flannery O'Connor: the Visionary and the Vernacular," an interdisciplinary conference sponsored by Georgia College and State University (and home of the Flannery O'Connor Library). In 2007, the work was performed at the University of Virginia's College at Wise where Dr. Volk teaches as Assistant Professor of Music.
The American folk musician Sufjan Stevens adapted the story into a song going by the same title. It appears on his 2004 album Seven Swans. The song is written in the first person from the point of view of The Misfit.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Gooch, Brad. Flannery: A Life of Flannery O'Connor. New York: Little, Brown, 2009, p. 238.
Jump up ^ Ann Kirk, Connie (2008). Critical companion to Katelyn Smith. Infobase Publishing. pp. 74–78. ISBN 9781438108469. Retrieved April 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "A Good Man Is Hard To Find". Archived from the original on 2007-03-20. Retrieved 2007-03-26.
Jump up ^ Bonney, William. "The Moral Structure of Flannery O'Connor's a Good Man Is .." Studies in Short Fiction, vol. 27, no. 3, 1990, pp. 347.
Jump up ^ Ochshorn, Kathleen (1990), A Cloak of Grace: Contradictions in "A Good Man Is Hard to Find", Studies in American Fiction, pp. 113–117
Jump up ^ Asals, Frederick. "The Limits of Explanation." Critical Essays on Flannery O'Connor. Melvin J. Friedman and Beverly Lyon Clark, eds. Boston: G.K. Hall, 1985, p. 52.
Jump up ^ Bandy, Stephen (1996), 'One of my Babies': The Misfit and the Grandmother, Studies in Short Fiction, pp. 107–117, archived from the original on January 4, 2012
Jump up ^ "Means, Meaning and Mediated Space in 'A Good Man is Hard to Find.'" The Southern Quarterly. 44.4 (2007): 125-38.
Jump up ^ Kelley, Sara (December 2008). "Flannery O'Connor's Duality in "A Good Man is Hard to Find"". Corridors. Retrieved 2018-05-17.
Jump up ^ Harris, Abbie C. "Jesus Thrown Everything Off Balance": Grace and Redemption in Flannery O'Connor's 'A Good Man is Hard to Find'," Papers & Publications: Interdisciplinary Journal of Undergraduate Research, vol. 3, Article 5.
Jump up ^ Fassler, Joe. "What Flannery O'Connor Got Right: Epiphanies Aren't Permanent". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2018-05-17.
Jump up ^ "UbuWeb Film & Video: Jeri Cain Rossi". Ubu.com. Retrieved 2016-08-27.
Further reading[edit]
Flannery O'Connor (1993). Frederick Asals, ed. A good man is hard to find. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-1977-7. Contains the original text as well as a collect.
Jan Nordby Gretlund, Karl-Heinz Westarp, ed. (2006). Flannery O'Connor's radical reality. Univ of South Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-57003-601-9. Several essays discuss the story in the context of Flannery's work as whole.
George Kilcourse (2001). Flannery O'Connor's religious imagination: a world with everything off balance. Paulist Press. ISBN 978-0-8091-4005-3. Focuses on the religious aspects of Flannery's writings, including those in this short story.
External links[edit]
Online text of the short story
Flannery O'Connor reading "A Good Man Is Hard to Find"
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Novels
Wise Blood (1952)
The Violent Bear It Away (1960)
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A Good Man Is Hard to Find
(1955)
"A Good Man is Hard to Find"
"The River"
"The Life You Save May Be Your Own"
"A Stroke of Good Fortune"
"A Temple of the Holy Ghost"
"The Artificial Nigger"
"A Circle in the Fire"
"A Late Encounter with the Enemy"
"Good Country People"
"The Displaced Person"
Everything That Rises Must Converge
(1965)
"Everything That Rises Must Converge"
"Greenleaf"
"A View of the Woods"
"The Enduring Chill"
"The Comforts of Home"
"The Lame Shall Enter First"
"Revelation"
"Parker's Back"
"Judgement Day"
Previously unavailable stories
included in The Complete Stories
(1971)
"The Geranium"
"The Barber"
"Wildcat"
"The Crop"
"The Turkey"
"The Train"
"The Peeler"
"The Heart of the Park"
"Enoch and the Gorilla"
"You Can't Be Any Poorer Than Dead"
"The Partridge Festival"
"Why Do the Heathen Rage?"
Related
Flannery O'Connor Childhood Home
Andalusia (estate)
Flannery O'Connor Award for Short Fiction
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I Want! I Want!
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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i want! i want!
Studio album by Walk the Moon
Released
November 16, 2010 (2010-11-16)
Genre
Indie rock
Length
47:05
Walk the Moon chronology
i want! i want!
(2010) Walk the Moon (album)
(2012)
Singles from i want! i want!
"Anna Sun"
I Want! I Want! (stylized as i want! i want!) is the debut studio album by Walk the Moon.[1][2] It was self-released by the band.
Contents
1 Track listing
2 Personnel
2.1 Walk the Moon
3 References
4 External links
Track listing[edit]
No.
Title
Length
1. "Anna Sun" 5:18
2. "Lisa Baby" 3:50
3. "Quesadilla" 3:06
4. "The Liftaway" 4:33
5. "i want! i want!" 4:58
6. "Blue Dress" 3:57
7. "Jenny" 4:18
8. "Me + All My Friends" 4:40
9. "Iscariot" 7:02
10. "I Can Lift a Car" 4:56
11. "William Blake" 3:12
Total length: 47:05
Personnel[edit]
Walk the Moon[edit]
Nicholas Petricca – lead vocals, keyboards, percussion
Chris Robinson – guitar, backing vocals
Kevin Ray – bass, backing vocals
Sean Waugaman – drums, backing vocals, percussion,
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Kaplan, Ilana (January 5, 2015). "Walk the Moon Explain Themselves Through Photos". Noisey. Retrieved April 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Interview - Walk The Moon". www.syffal.com. May 18, 2011. Retrieved April 1, 2018.
External links[edit]
I Want! I Want! at MusicBrainz (list of releases)
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Featured singles
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Cunégonde
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For other uses, see Cunégonde (disambiguation).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Cunégonde is a fictional character in Voltaire's novel Candide. She is the title character's aristocratic cousin and love interest. Her name may be derived from Cunigunde of Luxemburg.
At the beginning of the story, Candide is chased away from his uncle's home after he is caught kissing and fondling Cunégonde. Shortly afterwards, Cunégonde's family is attacked by a band of marauding soldiers and she is taken prisoner. However, Cunégonde soon becomes the mistress of two wealthy Portuguese who decide to share her between them. Candide kills the two men and he, Cunégonde and the Old Woman (Cunégonde's servant) flee to Buenos Aires.
There, Cunégonde becomes the mistress of the provincial governor. Since Candide is wanted for the murders of the two Portuguese, he is forced to leave her in Buenos Aires. However he vows to find her and marry her. Finally, near the end of the novel, Candide finds Cunégonde in Istanbul, but she has lost her beauty, and is now very irritable and unfortunately very shallow-minded. Candide reluctantly agrees to marry her.
Contents
[hide]
1 Pun
2 Candide (operetta)
3 References
4 External links
Pun[edit]
While Cunégonde may be derived from Cunigunde of Luxemburg, the name is also a pun on French and Latin terms for female genitalia and buttocks.(Latin:Cunnus "Cunt" and French:Cul "Arse") [clarification needed][1][2]
Candide (operetta)[edit]
In the 1956 operetta written by Leonard Bernstein, Cunégonde is a soprano, who sings one of the most difficult arias written for the theatre: "Glitter and Be Gay". The role has been portrayed by skilled actresses such as Barbara Cook, who originated the role in 1956, Madeline Kahn, Kristin Chenoweth, June Anderson, Harolyn Blackwell, and Maureen Brennan, who received a Tony Award Nomination and won the Theatre World Award for her performance in the 1974 Broadway revival.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Maledicta (1987) p. 31.
Jump up ^ Maurice Peress, Dvořák to Duke Ellington: A Conductor Explores America's Music and its African American Roots, Oxford / New York: Oxford University, 2004, ISBN 9780195098228, p. 141.
External links[edit]
Brief analyses of the novel's main characters
[hide]
v
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Voltaire's Candide
Adaptations
Candide, Part II (1760 novel)
Candide (1956 operetta)
Modern Interpretations
Candy (1958 novel)
Candide ou l'optimisme au XXe siècle (1960 film)
Candy (1968 film)
Mondo candido (1975 film)
The Optimists (2006 film)
Related
Cunégonde
Pope Urban X
A few acres of snow
Poème sur le désastre de Lisbonne
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text:
On the Loose (song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the Saga song, see Worlds Apart (Saga album).
"On the Loose"
Single by Niall Horan
from the album Flicker
Released
20 February 2018 (2018-02-20)
Format
Digital download
Genre
Pop[1]
pop rock[2]
Length
2:38 (alternate version)
Label
Capitol
Songwriter(s)
John Ryan
Niall Horan
Julian Bunetta
Producer(s)
Julian Bunetta
Niall Horan singles chronology
"Too Much to Ask"
(2017) "On the Loose"
(2018) "Seeing Blind"
(2018)
Music video
"On the Loose" on YouTube
"On the Loose" is a song recorded by Irish singer and songwriter Niall Horan from his debut studio album Flicker. It was written by Horan, John Ryan and its producer Julian Bunetta. The song was released to the US Mainstream Top 40 radio on 20 February 2018 as the album's fourth single. An alternate version was released on 16 February 2018.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Critical reception
3 Track listing
4 Credits and personnel
5 Charts
6 Release history
7 References
8 External links
Background[edit]
Horan debuted the song on 13 May 2017 during his performance at Channel 93.3's Summer Kick Off concert in San Diego.[4] On 29 May 2017, Horan performed on The Today Show's Citi Concert Series, closing the show with a live TV debut of "On the Loose".[5]
Horan admitted in an interview with Herald Sun that he channelled Fleetwood Mac for the song. "You can hear the 'Mac in that. Everyone's always trying to write their own Dreams. I'm only 24, Fleetwood Mac is the music I've listened to since I was four years old. I listen to a lot of other types of music but that's the stuff that always stuck around with me. I was going through a punk rock phase when I was 15, I like punk rock now but I wouldn't pick up my iPod and go straight to it, I'd probably go to the 'Mac and Crosby Stills and Nash and Jackson Browne and Tom Petty. They're the artists in my head, you can hear that on the album I think."[6]
He announced on 5 February 2018 via social media that the song would be the fourth single from the album. The accompanying single artwork, illustrated by Kyler Martz, features a drawing of a woman holding a heart, surrounded by flowers, some of which have legs and eyes on them.[7][8] An animated lyric video for the song was released on 12 February 2018, after Horan posted a 20-second teaser the day before.[9][10] It features a lady seducing multiple men,[2] while cruising through a city in a convertible.[11]
Critical reception[edit]
Christina Lee of Idolator wrote that the song "sounds like a cautionary tale", in comparison to "Slow Hands".[12] Mike Wass of the same publication opined that the song is "similarly upbeat" as "Slow Hands", and found it "more radio-friendly" than Horan's "stripped-back songs".[13]
Track listing[edit]
Digital download – alternate version[14]
No.
Title
Length
1. "On the Loose" (alternate version) 2:38
Credits and personnel[edit]
Credits adapted from Tidal.[15]
Niall Horan – songwriting, vocals, guitar
John Ryan – songwriting
Julian Bunetta – songwriting, production, background vocals, percussion, record engineering
Nathan Dantzler – master engineering
Tommy King – keyboard
Michael Freeman – assistant mixing
Matt Chamberlain – drums
Mark Goldenberg – guitar
Val McCallum – guitar
Spike Stent – mixing
Charts[edit]
Chart (2017–18)
Peak
position
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[16]
24
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[17]
24
Czech Republic (Rádio Top 100)[18]
45
Ireland (IRMA)[19]
47
Mexico Airplay (Billboard)[20]
38
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[21]
39
New Zealand Heatseekers (RMNZ)[22]
3
Poland (Polish Airplay Top 100) [23]
20
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[24]
66
Sweden Heatseeker (Sverigetopplistan)[25]
14
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[26]
94
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[27]
29
US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[28]
16
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[29]
22
Release history[edit]
Region
Date
Format
Version
Label
Ref.
United States
16 February 2018 Digital download Alternate Capitol [14]
20 February 2018 Contemporary hit radio [30]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Laguaite, Madeline (24 October 2017). "Review: Niall Horan establishes new sound in first solo album 'Flicker'". The Red & Black. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Braca, Nina (12 February 2018). "Niall Horan Drops Colorful Lyric Video for 'On the Loose'". Billboard. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
Jump up ^ McDonald, Keisha (16 February 2018). "Niall Horan drops a surprise 'alternative version' of his new single On The Loose". Metro. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Reilly, Nicholas (13 May 2017). "Niall Horan's new song is giving off serious Fleetwood Mac vibes". Metro. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Weatherby, Taylor (29 May 2017). "Watch Niall Horan's 'On the Loose' TV Debut, One Direction Sing-Along on 'Today'". Billboard. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Adams, Cameron (7 February 2018). "Niall Horan didn't see fan defacing of his album title Flicker coming". Herald Sun. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Macke, Johnni (5 February 2018). "Niall Horan Makes A Major Announcement". People's Choice Awards. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Ross, Alex (6 February 2018). "Niall Horan announces brand new single". Key 103. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Braca, Nina (12 February 2018). "Niall Horan Teases Lyric Video for 'On The Loose'". Billboard. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Macke, Johnni (12 February 2018). "Niall Horan 'Can't Wait' For Fans To See His Latest Project". People's Choice. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Sterling, Scott (12 February 2018). "Niall Horan Gets Animated in 'On The Loose' Lyric Video: Watch". CBS Radio. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Lee, Christina (13 May 2017). "Niall Horan Performs New Song "On The Loose": Watch". Idolator. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Wass, Mike (6 February 2018). "Niall Horan Picks "On The Loose" As His Next Single". Idolator. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "On the Loose (Alternate Version) – Single by Niall Horan on Apple Music". iTunes Store (US). Retrieved 20 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Flicker (Deluxe) / Niall Horan TIDAL". Tidal. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Niall Horan – On the Loose" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Niall Horan – On the Loose" (in French). Ultratop 50. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "ČNS IFPI" (in Czech). Hitparáda – Radio Top 100 Oficiální. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 201813 into search. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "IRMA – Irish Charts". Irish Recorded Music Association. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Mexico Airplay: May 5, 2018". Billboard. Retrieved 16 May 2018. (Subscription required (help)).
Jump up ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – week 14, 2018" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40 Retrieved 7 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "NZ Heatseekers Singles Chart". Recorded Music NZ. 30 October 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Listy bestsellerów, wyróżnienia :: Związek Producentów Audio-Video". Polish Airplay Top 100. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Swedish Heatseekers Chart - 20 October 2017". Retrieved 12 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Niall Horan Chart History (Adult Contemporary)". Billboard. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "Niall Horan Chart History (Adult Pop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
Jump up ^ "Niall Horan Chart History (Pop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "Top 40/M Future Releases". All Access Media Group. Archived from the original on 14 February 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
hide
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Niall Horan
Discography
Studio albums
Flicker
Singles
"This Town"
"Slow Hands"
"Too Much to Ask"
"On the Loose"
Concert tours
Flicker Sessions 2017
Flicker World Tour
Related articles
One Direction
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=On_the_Loose_(song)&oldid=846530605"
Categories:
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text:
Subroto Mukerjee
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Air Marshal
Subroto Mukerjee
OBE
First Air Marshal of the Indian Air Force
Born
5 March 1911
Calcutta, British India
Died
8 November 1960
Tokyo, Japan
Allegiance
British India (1932-1947)
India (from 1947)
Service/branch
Royal Air Force
Indian Air Force
Years of service
1932–1960
Rank
Air Marshal
Battles/wars
North West Frontier Rebellion, World War II
Awards
Order of the British Empire (OBE)
India General Service Medal (1936) (IGSM)
1939–1945 Star
War Medal 1939–1945
India Service Medal
Indian Independence Medal
King George VI Coronation Medal
Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal

Air Marshal Subroto Mukerjee, OBE (Bengali: সুব্রত মুখার্জী Shubroto Mukharji) (5 March 1911 – 8 November 1960) was the first Chief of the Air Staff of the Indian Air Force (IAF). Born in a Bengali family of repute, he was educated in India as well as England. He joined the Royal Air Force and later was one of the first recruits of the Indian Air Force. He had an illustrious career and had been awarded with many honours until his accidental death in 1960. He has been called the "Father of the Indian Air Force".
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Joining the Air Force
3 Operations at North West Frontier
4 During WW2
5 After Independence
6 Death and commemoration
7 Rank Promotions
8 Honours and Medals
9 Notes
10 References
Early life[edit]
Subroto Mukerjee was born in Kolkata (then Calcutta) on 5 March 1911. His paternal grandfather, Nibaran Chandra Mukherjee, a Brahmo, was a pioneer in social and educational reforms in the country and a member of the Brahmo Samaj while his maternal grandfather, Prasanna Kumar Roy of the Indian Education Service, was the first Indian Principal of the Presidency College, Calcutta. His maternal grandmother Sarala Roy was the founder of the Gokhale Memorial School. His father was Satish Chandra Mukherjee, an early Indian ICS officer and mother was Charulata Mukherjee, daughter of Dr. P. K. Roy. Youngest of four children, Subroto was taken to England when he was three months old. However, he spent his childhood in Krishnanagar and Chinsura of Bengal. From his very early days Subroto had shown an aptitude for a military career – probably infused by his uncle, Indra Lal Roy, who had joined the Royal Flying Corps in the First World War. Roy was the first Indian to be awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and the only Indian flying ace.
Subroto was educated in diocesan school and Loreto Convent in Calcutta and also in a school in Hampstead in England. Later Subroto joined Howrah Zila School and passed matriculation examination in 1927. He studied in Presidency College, Calcutta for one year and then went to Cambridge University.
Subroto Mukherjee's elder sister Renuka Ray (1903–1995) was a prominent personality. She was a parliamentarian, cabinet minister and an ambassador. She studied in Cambridge University and London School of Economics.[citation needed]
Joining the Air Force[edit]
The first batch of Indian pilots at RAF Cranwell in 1931. From Left to Right: Bhupendra Singh, Amarjeet Singh and Subroto Mukerjee
About this time the Government of India (under British rule) decided to take some Indians in the Royal Air Force. Subroto wrote the Cranwell entrance examination and London Matriculation in 1929 and was one of the first six Indian males selected to undergo two years of flying training at the Royal Air Force College, Cranwell. The other five were H.C. Sirkar, A.B. Awan, Bhupendra Singh, Amarjeet Singh and J.N. Tandon.[1]
On 8 October 1932, the six Indians cadets were commissioned in the Royal Air Force. On the same day, the Indian Air Force Act was passed by the Indian Legislative Assembly, and the Indian Air Force was born.[1] Subroto was commissioned as a pilot. After completing their training at Cranwell, the Indian pilots passed through the Army Cooperation School at Old Sarum in Wiltshire. They served in RAF squadrons before coming back to India to serve Indian Air Force. On 1 April 1933, "A" Flight of the No 1 Squadron, Indian Air Force, was formed at Karachi. Subroto was one of the five Indian pilots who made up the flight. The flight was equipped with four Westland Wapiti biplanes.
Operations at North West Frontier[edit]
A rebellion took place in North West Frontier region (India–Afghanistan border) in 1936, led by the Pukhtoon tribes. The Indian Air Force would play a major role in controlling the rebellion in the harsh terrains of the region. Subroto Mukerjee was awarded India General Service Medal with clasps "North West Frontier 1936-37", and "North West Frontier 1937-39" and "Mentioned-in-Despatches" in 1942 for service during the operations in North West Frontier Province.
During WW2[edit]
Subroto Mukerjee was one of the three flying officers of the three flights of No. 1 Squadron of IAF in 1938. Coastal Defence Flights (CDFs) of the Indian Air Force Volunteer Reserve were formed with the outbreak of World War II. At the outbreak of war in 1939, Mukerjee was the senior-most Indian commissioned officer in the IAF. By June 1940, he had been promoted to the acting rank of Squadron Leader and taken over command of No 1 Squadron, IAF.[2] He had many "first"s to his credit: the first Indian to command a Flight, a Squadron, a Station (Kohat), and finally, the Service itself.[1] He was also the first IAF pilot to carry out an airdrop over a beleaguered army picket. He commanded RAF Station Kohat from August 1943 till December 1944. In June 1945 he was awarded the Order of the British Empire (Military Division).[1]
After Independence[edit]
India became independent from British rule on 15 August 1947. However, due to partition of India, assets of the Indian Air Force (like other branches of the military) had to be divided between the new countries of India and Pakistan. The first three Air Chiefs of independent India, Air Marshals Sir Thomas Elmhirst KBE, CB, AFC, Sir Ronald Ivelaw Chapman, KBE, CBE, DFC, AFC, and Sir Gerald Ernest Gibbs, KBE, CIE, MC, were from the RAF. The IAF had to reorganise itself after the partition. Subroto assisted the Air Chiefs in reorganising the IAF. He went to the Imperial Defence College in England for further training in 1952.
On returning to India in 1954, Mukerjee took over as the Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Air Force on 1 April 1954, in the rank of Air Marshal. When the Change in Designation Act, 1955, was passed, the title of "Commander-in-Chief" was replaced by Chief of the Air Staff, IAF. Thus Mukerjee became the first Indian Commander-in-Chief as well as Chief of Air Staff of the Indian Air Force.
Death and commemoration[edit]
Subroto Mukerjee was one of the passengers in Air India's first ever flight – to Tokyo – in November 1960. On 8 November 1960, Mukerjee was having a meal in a restaurant in Tokyo with a friend, an officer in the Indian Navy. A piece of food lodged in his windpipe, choking him to death.[1] The next day his body was flown to Palam Airport, New Delhi, and on 10 November 1960 he was cremated with full military honours. He was paid a final tribute with a fly-past of forty nine aircraft, one for each of his forty nine years.[1]
Aspy Engineer, a close associate of Mukerjee, assumed the role of Chief of Air Staff of IAF from 1 December 1960. He issued a Special Order of the Day paying tribute to Subroto Mukerjee and called him as the "Father of the Indian Air Force". Mukerjee, an eminent football lover and a regular member of Mohun Bagan Athletic Club, had conceived the idea of an inter-school all-India football tournament. This was implemented after his death. The tournament, known as Subroto Cup Football Tournament still helps find talented players from Indian schools.
In 1939, Subroto Mukherjee had married Sharda Pandit, from a prominent Maharashtrian family. They had one son. Sharda Mukherjee was active in social work, and after her husband's death, she became active in public affairs. She was later appointed as the Governor of Gujarat and the Governor of Andhra Pradesh. Sharda Mukherjee died 2007 in Mumbai at the age of 89.[citation needed]
Rank Promotions[edit]
Pilot Officer, RAF: 1 September 1932
Flying Officer: 15 February 1934[3]
Flight Lieutenant: 15 February 1939[4]
Acting Squadron Leader: 25 August 1939
Acting Wing Commander: 1 November 1942
Squadron Leader: April 1942
Wing Commander, RIAF: December 1944
Group Captain: 6 March 1946
Air Commodore: 15 May 1947
Acting Air Vice-Marshal: 27 September 1948
Air Vice-Marshal: 1 February 1949
Acting Air Marshal (Commander-in-Chief, IAF): 1 April 1954
Air Marshal (Chief of the Air Staff, Indian Air Force): 1 April 1955
[5] [6]
Honours and Medals[edit]
Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE; 1945) India General Service Medal (1939) 1939-1945 Star (1945) War Medal 1939-1945 (1945; with MID oak leaf)
India Service Medal (1945) Indian Independence Medal (1948) King George VI Coronation Medal (1937) Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal (1953)
Mentioned in dispatches in 1942 for service during the operations in Waziristan, NWFP.[7]
Yugoslavian People's Army Medal, 1st Class-1954
Notes[edit]
This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (July 2010)
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "The Saga of a Soaring Legend". indianairforce.nic.in. Retrieved 2006-08-10.
Jump up ^ The Air Force List: June 1940. HM Stationery Office. 1940. p. 702.
Jump up ^ The Air Force List: January 1938. HM Stationery Office. 1938. pp. 1275–1276.
Jump up ^ The Air Force List: June 1939. HM Stationery Office. 1939. p. 871.
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ Bharat-Rakshak: Service Record
Jump up ^ and Decorations
The Saga of a Soaring Legend - by Sqn Ldr Rana Chhina (Retd)
Air Marshal Subroto Mukherjee, OBE - by Jagan Pillarisetti
Military offices
Preceded by
Sir Gerald Gibbs
As Commander-in-Chief Chief of the Air Staff
1954–1960 Succeeded by
Aspy Engineer
[show]
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Durga Mohan Das
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Sudhi Ranjan Das
3rd generation
Charulata Mukherjee
Satish Chandra Mukherjee
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4th generation
Shomie Ranjan Das
Subroto Mukerjee
Sharda Mukherjee
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Renuka Ray
Subroto Mukerjee
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5th generation
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(**Seconded from the Royal Air Force)
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2018 NBA All-Star Game
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
2018 NBA All Star Game
Date
February 18, 2018
Arena
Staples Center
City
Los Angeles, California
National anthem
TBA
Halftime show
TBD
Network
TNT
Announcers
Marv Albert, Reggie Miller, Chris Webber, Kenny Smith, and Charles Barkley
NBA All-Star Game
< 2017 2019 >
The 2018 NBA All-Star Game will be the 67th edition and is an exhibition basketball game that will be played on February 18, 2018. It will be held at Staples Center in Los Angeles, California, home of the Los Angeles Lakers and Los Angeles Clippers. In an announcement on March 22, 2016, it will be the sixth time that Los Angeles will host the All-Star Game and the first time since 2011.[1] The game will be televised nationally by TNT for the 16th consecutive year.
Contents
[hide]
1 Format change
2 All-Star Weekend
2.1 Celebrity Game
2.2 Rising Stars Challenge
2.3 Skills Challenge
2.4 Three-Point Contest
3 References
4 External links
Format change[edit]
On October 3, 2017, the NBA announced that the format would change from the traditional Eastern Conference versus Western Conference format, and would instead switch to a draft-style format. The team captains will be determined by the most votes received in their respective conference. Each team will pick a charity to play for, and the winning team will have money donated to their charity.[2]
All-Star Weekend[edit]
Celebrity Game[edit]
Further information: NBA All-Star Weekend Celebrity Game

Rising Stars Challenge[edit]
Further information: Rising Stars Challenge

Skills Challenge[edit]
Further information: Skills Challenge
Three-Point Contest[edit]
Further information: Three-Point Contest
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Los Angeles To Host NBA All-Star 2018". NBA. March 22, 2016. Retrieved March 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ "No more East vs. West as NBA revamps All-Star Game format". NBA.com. October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
External links[edit]
2018 NBA All-Star Game at nba.com
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2018_NBA_All-Star_Game&oldid=816229836"
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