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Samsung Galaxy Tab series
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This article is about the Galaxy Tab series. For the original model known as the Samsung Galaxy Tab, see Samsung Galaxy Tab 7.0.
Samsung Galaxy Tab
Manufacturer
Samsung Electronics
Type
Tablet
Operating system
Android
Input
Touch screen
Related articles
Samsung Galaxy
The Samsung Galaxy Tab is a line of Android-based tablet computers produced by Samsung Electronics. The first model in the series, the 7-inch Samsung Galaxy Tab, was presented to the public on 2 September 2010 at the IFA in Berlin.[1] Since then several models have been released, including models with 7.7, 8.9 and 10.1-inch displays. The Wi-Fi versions of the tablet all include a GPS system while the 3G/4G tablets include cellular capability as well.
Contents
[hide]
1 Models
1.1 Samsung Galaxy Tab
1.1.1 Galaxy Tab / Galaxy Tab 7.0 – 2010
1.1.2 Galaxy Tab 7.7 – 2011
1.1.3 Galaxy Tab 8.9 – 2011
1.1.4 Galaxy Tab 10.1 – 2011
1.2 Samsung Galaxy Tab 2 – 2012
1.3 Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 – 2013
1.4 Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 Lite – 2014
1.5 Samsung Galaxy Tab 4 – 2014
1.6 Samsung Galaxy Tab Pro – 2014
1.7 Samsung Galaxy Tab S – 2014
1.8 Samsung Galaxy Tab A – 2015
1.9 Samsung Galaxy Tab E – 2014
1.10 Samsung Galaxy Tab S2 – 2015
1.11 Samsung Galaxy TabPro S – 2016
1.12 Samsung Galaxy Tab A 7.0 and 10.1 – 2016
1.13 Samsung Galaxy Tab S3 – 2017
2 Model comparison
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Models[edit]
Samsung Galaxy Tab[edit]
Galaxy Tab / Galaxy Tab 7.0 – 2010[edit]
Main article: Samsung Galaxy Tab 7.0
The original Galaxy Tab (which was renamed as the Galaxy Tab 7.0 with the release of the 7.7, 8.9, and 10.1) was introduced on 2 September 2010 at the IFA in Berlin.[1] The Galaxy Tab was the first Android-powered tablet to be released.[2] It has a single core 1 GHz Exynos processor, and a 7-inch TFT LCD display with a resolution of 1024 x 600 pixels.[3]
Its operating system is based on Android 2.2 Froyo with some custom skins and applications.[4] In May 2011 it was reported that Android Gingerbread 2.3.3 was being made available in Italy, with other regions expected to follow.[5] Several updates were made throughout the world and in February 2012 Android Gingerbread 2.3.6 was made available.[6]
During the 2011 International Consumer Electronics Show (CES), Verizon Wireless and Samsung Telecommunications America (Samsung Mobile) announced that a new 4G LTE-Enabled Samsung Galaxy Tab features access to Verizon Wireless' 4G LTE Mobile Broadband Network and a 5 megapixel rear-facing camera will be available[7]
Samsung tab 2 7.0 internet is outdated
Galaxy Tab 7.7 – 2011[edit]
Main article: Samsung Galaxy Tab 7.7
During IFA 2011 in Berlin, Samsung announced the new Galaxy Tab 7.7, sporting a 7.7 inch Super Amoled screen, dual-core 1.4 GHz processor, 1 GB of memory, support for 32 GB microSD cards (possibly only on some models), a 5,100 mAh battery, a front-facing 2-megapixel camera and a rear-facing 3-megapixel camera with flash. There are 16 GB, 32 GB and 64 GB models. The device measures 196.7 x 133 x 7.89 mm (7.75 x 5.24 x 0.31 inches) and weighs 335 g (11.8 oz) making it much more single-hand friendly than larger models from Samsung and other manufacturers.[8] It runs Android 3.2 Honeycomb, with Samsung's custom TouchWiz software, with an update to Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich available.[9] The Galaxy Tab 7.7 was released in the US on Verizon on 1 March 2012.[10]
Galaxy Tab 8.9 – 2011[edit]
Main article: Samsung Galaxy Tab 8.9
The Galaxy Tab 8.9 was announced at the CTIA Wireless Convention in March 2011.[11] It features the same Nvidia Tegra 2 processor as used in the Galaxy Tab 10.1, with a 3-megapixel rear-facing camera and 6100 mAh battery. The device measures 230.9 x 157.8 x 8.6 mm and weighs 470 grams. It runs Android 3.2 Honeycomb, with Samsung's custom TouchWiz software, but an update to Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich is available. The Galaxy Tab 8.9 was released on 2 October 2011 in the US.[12]
Galaxy Tab 10.1 – 2011[edit]
Main article: Samsung Galaxy Tab 10.1
At the Mobile World Congress event in 2011 Samsung showed a new Galaxy Tab model with bigger 10.1-inch HD display and faster processor, running Google's Android 3.0 Honeycomb operating system.[13] It was set for a US release in March 2011 and a European release in April. However, after the iPad 2 release, some specifications were described as "inadequate" [14] by the executive vice president of Samsung's mobile division.
This would lead to the introduction of a newer, slimmer 10.1-inch model at the Samsung Unpacked Event during CTIA Wireless Convention in March 2011, together with an 8.9 inch model, pushing the release date further to 8 June for the US release and "early summer" for the latter model. Although there was no information about a delay of the European release date, it was announced that the previous design, seen at the Mobile World Congress, would be sold relabelled as "Samsung Galaxy Tab 10.1v".[15]
The Galaxy Tab 10.1 runs Android 3.2 Honeycomb, with Samsung's custom TouchWiz software. An update to Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich is available.[9]
Samsung Galaxy Tab 2 – 2012[edit]
Main articles: Samsung Galaxy Tab 2 7.0 and Samsung Galaxy Tab 2 10.1
The Galaxy Tab 2 series is the second generation Galaxy Tab 2 7.0 and 10.1 which were aimed at budget markets. The front-facing cameras have been downgraded to VGA quality, the rear camera to fixed focus, the chip set is now a TI OMAP4430 1.0 GHz dual-core, and is slightly thicker. In addition, the 5 GHz WiFi has been dropped. Both models run Samsung's TouchWiz software on top of Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich, and have been updated to Android 4.1 and 4.2.2 Jelly Bean.[16]
Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 – 2013[edit]
Main articles: Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 7.0, Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 8.0, and Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 10.1
The Galaxy Tab 3 series refers to the third generation Galaxy Tab 3 7.0, 8.0 and 10.1 and are again aimed at budget markets with the Samsung Galaxy Note series taking over the higher-end market. The Galaxy Tab 3 7.0 was announced at the end of April 2013.[17] The Galaxy Tab 3 8.0 and 10.1 were announced at the Computex in June 2013. All 3 devices share a similar design language to the Samsung Galaxy S4 and other recently released Samsung devices.
Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 Lite – 2014[edit]
Main article: Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 Lite 7.0
The Galaxy Tab 3 Lite 7.0 was released with Android 4.1.2 Jelly Bean. Samsung has customized the interface with its TouchWiz UX software. As well as apps from Google, including Google Play, Gmail and YouTube, it has access to Samsung apps such as S Voice, S Planner.
The Galaxy Tab 3 Lite 7.0 is available in WiFi-only and 3G and WiFi variants. Storage is only 8 GB on each model, with a microSD card slot for expansion. It has a 7-inch TFT LCD screen with a resolution of 1024x600 pixels, and only a rear-facing camera.
Samsung Galaxy Tab 4 – 2014[edit]
Main articles: Samsung Galaxy Tab 4 7.0, Samsung Galaxy Tab 4 8.0, and Samsung Galaxy Tab 4 10.1
The Galaxy Tab 4 series refers to the fourth generation Galaxy Tab 4 7.0, 8.0 and 10.1 and are again aimed at budget markets while the Galaxy Tab Pro and Note Pro series taking over the higher-end market. The Galaxy Tab 4 7.0, 8.0 and 10.1 were all announced ahead of the Mobile World Congress in April 2014. All 3 devices share a similar design language to the Samsung Galaxy S5 and other recently released Samsung devices. Also all of these tablets feature the same 1.2 GHz quad-core processor and 1.5GB RAM.
Samsung Galaxy Tab Pro – 2014[edit]
Main articles: Samsung Galaxy Tab Pro 8.4, Samsung Galaxy Tab Pro 10.1, and Samsung Galaxy Tab Pro 12.2
The Galaxy Tab Pro series refers to the high-end models: the Samsung Galaxy Tab Pro 8.4, Samsung Galaxy Tab Pro 10.1, and Samsung Galaxy Tab Pro 12.2 which are aimed to be the premium model line of Samsung Galaxy tablets together with the Samsung Galaxy Note tablets namely the Samsung Galaxy Note 12.2 which were all announced during the 2014 Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas.
Samsung Galaxy Tab S – 2014[edit]
Main articles: Samsung Galaxy Tab S 8.4 and Samsung Galaxy Tab S 10.5
The Galaxy Tab S series refers to the ultra high-end models: the Samsung Galaxy Tab S 8.4 and the Samsung Galaxy Tab S 10.5 which are aimed to be the flagship model line of Samsung Galaxy tablets together with other Samsung Galaxy S series devices namely the Samsung Galaxy S5. The tablets were announced during the Samsung Galaxy Premier 2014 in New York.[18]
Samsung Galaxy Tab A – 2015[edit]
Main articles: Samsung Galaxy Tab A 8.0 and Samsung Galaxy Tab A 9.7
The Samsung Galaxy Tab A series refers to high-range Samsung tablets, designed to resemble Samsung Galaxy A series phones. The Tab A comes in two sizes, 8" and 9.7" with both having an S-Pen (stylus) equipped variant. This tablet range is unique in the Tab lineup in that it is the first Tab device to come loaded with the free versions of Microsoft Office, including OneNote and OneDrive.[19]
Samsung Galaxy Tab E – 2014[edit]
Main articles: Samsung Galaxy Tab E 9.6 and Samsung Galaxy Tab E 7.0
The Samsung Galaxy Tab E series refers to the entry-level Samsung tablets. The Tab E comes in three sizes, which are the 7.0", 8.0", and 9.6" variants.
Samsung Galaxy Tab S2 – 2015[edit]
Main articles: Samsung Galaxy Tab S2 8.0 and Samsung Galaxy Tab S2 9.7
The Galaxy Tab S2 series refers to the second generation ultra high-end tablet models: the Samsung Galaxy Tab S2 8.0 and the Samsung Galaxy Tab S2 9.7 which are aimed to be the flagship model line of Samsung Galaxy tablets together with other Samsung Galaxy S series devices namely the Samsung Galaxy S6. The tablets were released in September 2015.[20]
Samsung Galaxy TabPro S – 2016[edit]
Main article: Samsung Galaxy TabPro S
The Galaxy TabPro S was unveiled at CES 2016 on January 6, 2016. The Galaxy TabPro S was Samsung's first Windows-powered 2-in-1 tablet to be released. The tablet has a first-party keyboard attachment included in the box. It is a folio keyboard. This means it can be in two different positions depending how the stand is set up. When closed, it has a leather-like texture to protect from normal wear and tear when traveling. It can also be paired with a phone via Bluetooth. With this, users can unlock the tablet with their phone's fingerprint sensor.[1] The tablet was released on March 18, 2016.
Samsung Galaxy Tab A 7.0 and 10.1 – 2016[edit]
Main article: Samsung Galaxy Tab A 10.1
The Samsung Galaxy Tab A 7.0 was released in March 2016 with a 7" 1280x800 display and 1.5 GB of RAM. [21]
The Galaxy Tab A 10.1 was released in May 2016 with a 10.1" 1920x1200 display; an S-Pen version was released in September 2016.[22]
Samsung Galaxy Tab S3 – 2017[edit]
Main article: Samsung Galaxy Tab S3
The Samsung Galaxy Tab S3 was unveiled at MWC 2017 on February 26, 2017. It sports a 9.7" 2,048 x 1,536 Super AMOLED display and supports HDR video. The tablet comes with a Qualcomm Snapdragon 820 processor, 4GB of RAM, 32GB of on board storage and a 6000mAh battery. It also comes with a new and improved S Pen.[23][24]
Model comparison[edit]
OS
Released
Network
Display
CPU
GPU
RAM
Front camera
Rear camera
Video recording
Internal Storage
External Storage
Height
Width
Thickness
Weight
Battery
Stylus
Galaxy Tab[3]
GT-P1010 (WiFi)
GT-P1000 (3G)
SCH-I800 (Verizon) Android 2.2.1
Froyo, up to 2.3.6 Gingerbread 000000002010-11-11-000011 November 2010[25] HSPA+ 21 Mbit/s 850/900/1900/2100 1024x600 TFT 1 GHz Samsung Exynos 3110 PowerVR SGX540 512 MB 1.3 MP 3 MP AF with LED flash 720p HD @30fps 2 GB (CDMA), 16/32 GB microSD (up to 32 GB) 189.9 mm (7.48 in) 120.4 mm (4.74 in) 11.9 mm (0.47 in) 385 g (0.849 lb) 4000 mAh
Galaxy Tab 10.1[26]
GT-P7510 (WiFi)
GT-P7500 (3G)
SCH-I905 (Verizon) Android 3.2
Honeycomb, up to 4.0.4 Ice Cream Sandwich 000000002011-06-08-00008 June 2011[27] HSPA+ 21 Mbit/s 850/900/1900/2100
EDGE/GPRS 850/900/1800/1900 1280x800 PLS 1 GHz dual-core Nvidia Tegra 2
Qualcomm Snapdragon S3 APQ8060 dual-core 1.5 GHz(Docomo)
? 1 GB 2 MP 3 MP AF with LED flash 720p HD @24fps 16/32/64 GB No 256.2 mm (10.09 in) 172.9 mm (6.81 in) 8.6 mm (0.34 in) 565 g (1.246 lb) 7000 mAh
Galaxy Tab 10.1v[28]
GT-P7100 Android 3.2
Honeycomb 000000002011-05-04-00004 May 2011[29] HSPA+ 21 Mbit/s 850/900/1900/2100
EDGE/GPRS 850/900/1800/1900 1280x800 TFT 1 GHz dual-core
Nvidia Tegra 2 ? 1 GB 2 MP fixed focus 8 MP AF with LED flash 1080p full HD @24fps 16/32 GB No[30][31] 246.2 mm (9.69 in) 170.4 mm (6.71 in) 10.9 mm (0.43 in) 599 g (1.321 lb) 6540 mAh
Galaxy Tab 8.9[32]
GT-P7310 (WiFi)
GT-P7300 (3G)
SGH-I957 (AT&T) Android 3.2
Honeycomb 000000002011-10-02-00002 October 2011[12] HSPA+ 21 Mbit/s 850/900/1900/2100
EDGE/GPRS 850/900/1800/1900 1280x800 TFT 1 GHz dual-core Nvidia Tegra 2 ? 1 GB 2 MP 3 MP AF with LED flash 720p HD @30fps 16/32 GB No 230.9 mm (9.09 in) 157.8 mm (6.21 in) 8.6 mm (0.34 in) 470 g (1.04 lb) 6100 mAh
Galaxy Tab 7.0 Plus[33]
GT-P6210 (WiFi)
GT-P6200 (3G) Android 3.2
Honeycomb 000000002011-11-13-000013 November 2011[34] HSPA+ 21 Mbit/s 850/900/1900/2100 1024x600 PLS 1.2 GHz Samsung Exynos 4210 ? 1 GB 2 MP 3 MP AF with LED flash 720p HD @30fps 2 GB (CDMA), 16/32 GB microSD (up to 32 GB) 193.6 mm (7.62 in) 122.4 mm (4.82 in) 9.9 mm (0.39 in) 345 g (0.761 lb) 4000 mAh
Galaxy Tab 7.7[35]
GT-P6810 (WiFi)
GT-P6800 (3G)
SCH-I815 (Verizon) Android 3.2
Honeycomb, up to Jelly Bean 4.1.2 000000002012-03-01-00001 March 2012[10] HSPA+ 21 Mbit/s 850/900/1900/2100 or Verizon 4G LTE (US) 1280x800 Super AMOLED Plus 1.4 GHz dual-core Samsung Exynos 4210 ? 1 GB 2 MP 3 MP AF with LED flash 720p HD @30fps 16/32/64 GB microSD (up to 32 GB) 196.7 mm (7.74 in) 133.0 mm (5.24 in) 7.9 mm (0.31 in) 340 g (0.75 lb) 5100 mAh
Galaxy Tab 2 7.0[36]
GT-P3110 (WiFi)
GT-P3100 (3G)
SCH-I705 (Verizon) Android 4.0.4 Ice Cream Sandwich, up to Android 4.2.2
Jelly Bean 000000002012-04-22-000022 April 2012[37] HSPA+ 21 Mbit/s 850/900/1900/2100 1024x600 PLS 1 GHz dual-core Texas Instruments OMAP4430 PowerVR SGX540 1 GB 0.3 MP (VGA) fixed focus 3 MP fixed focus 720p HD @30fps 8/16/32 GB microSD (up to 32 GB) 193.7 mm (7.63 in) 122.4 mm (4.82 in) 10.5 mm (0.41 in) 344 g (0.758 lb) 4000 mAh
Galaxy Tab 2 10.1[38]
GT-P5110 (WiFi) Eu
GT-P5113 (WiFi) USA
GT-P5100 (3G)
SCH-I915 (Verizon) Android 4.0.4 Ice Cream Sandwich, up to Android 4.2.2
Jelly Bean 000000002012-05-13-000013 May 2012[39] HSPA+ 21 Mbit/s 850/900/1900/2100 1280x800 PLS 1 GHz dual-core Texas Instruments OMAP4430 PowerVR SGX540 1 GB 0.3 MP (VGA) fixed focus 3 MP fixed focus 720p HD @30fps 16/32 GB microSD (up to 32 GB) 256.7 mm (10.11 in) 175.3 mm (6.90 in) 9.7 mm (0.38 in) 581 g (1.281 lb) 7000 mAh
Galaxy Tab 3 7.0[40][41]
SM-T210 (WiFi)
SM-T211 (3G)
SM-T215 (4G) Android 4.4.2
KitKat 000000002013-07-07-00007 July 2013[42] LTE band 3(1800), 7(2600)
HSPA+ 21 Mbit/s 850/900/1900/2100
EDGE/GPRS 850/900/1800/1900 1024x600 TFT PXA986 1.2 GHz dual-core ? 1 GB 1.3 MP 3.15 MP 720p HD @30fps 8/16 GB microSD (up to 64 GB) 188 mm (7.4 in) 111.1 mm (4.37 in) 9.9 mm (0.39 in) 302 g (0.666 lb) 4000 mAh
Galaxy Tab 3 8.0[43]
SM-T310 (WiFi)
SM-T311 (3G)
SM-T315 (4G) Android 4.4.2
Jelly Bean 000000002013-07-07-00007 July 2013[42] LTE 100 Mbit/s 800/850/900/1800/2100/2600
HSPA+ 21 Mbit/s 850/900/1900/2100
EDGE/GPRS 850/900/1800/1900 1280x800 TFT 1.5 GHz dual-core Samsung Exynos 4212 Mali-400MP 1.5 GB 1.3 MP 5 MP AF 720p HD @30fps 16/32 GB microSD (up to 64 GB) 209.8 mm (8.26 in) 123.8 mm (4.87 in) 7.4 mm (0.29 in) 314 g (0.692 lb) 4450 mAh
Galaxy Tab 3 10.1[44]
GT-P5210 (WiFi)
GT-P5200 (3G)
GT-P5220 (4G) Android 4.4.2
Jelly Bean 000000002013-07-07-00007 July 2013[42] LTE 100 Mbit/s 800/850/900/1800/2100/2600
HSPA+ 42 Mbit/s 850/900/1900/2100
EDGE/GPRS 850/900/1800/1900 1280x800 TFT 1.6 GHz dual-core Intel Atom Z2560 PowerVR SGX544MP2 1 GB 1.3 MP 3 MP 720p HD @30fps 16/32 GB microSD (up to 64 GB) 243.1 mm (9.57 in) 176.1 mm (6.93 in) 7.95 mm (0.313 in) 510 g (1.12 lb) 6800 mAh
Galaxy Tab 4 7.0
SM-T230 (WiFi)
SM-T231 (3G)
SM-T235 (4G) Android 4.4.2
KitKat, up to Android 5.0.2( Tab 3 7.0 Verizon – SM-T337V) only 000000002014-04-01-00001 April 2014 LTE 150 Mbit/s 900/1800/2100/2600
1280x800 TFT 1.2 GHz Quad-core Cortex-A7 GC1000 1.5 GB 1.3 MP 3 MP 720p HD @30fps 8/16GB microSD (up to 64GB) 186.9 mm (7.36 in) 107.9 mm (4.25 in) 8 mm (0.31 in) 276 g (0.608 lb) 4000 mAh
Galaxy Tab 4 8.0
SM-T330 (WiFi)
SM-T331 (3G)
SM-T335 (4G) Android 5.1.1
Lollipop 000000002014-04-01-00001 April 2014 LTE 150 Mbit/s 900/1800/2100/2600
1280x800 TFT 1.2 GHz Quad-core Cortex-A7 Adreno 305 1.5 GB 1.3 MP 3 MP 720p HD @30fps 16/32GB microSD (up to 64GB) 210.0 mm (8.27 in) 124.0 mm (4.88 in) 8 mm (0.31 in) 320 g (0.71 lb) 4450 mAh
Galaxy Tab 4 10.1
SM-T530 (WiFi)
SM-T531 (3G)
SM-T535 (4G) Android 5.0.2 Lollipop 000000002014-04-01-00001 April 2014 LTE 150 Mbit/s 900/1800/2100/2600
1280x800 TFT 1.2 GHz Quad-core Cortex-A7 Adreno 305 1.5 GB 1.3 MP 3 MP 720p HD @30fps 16/32GB microSD (up to 64GB) 243.4 mm (9.58 in) 176.4 mm (6.94 in) 8 mm (0.31 in) 487 g (1.074 lb) 6800 mAh
Galaxy Tab Pro 8.4
SM-T320 (WiFi)
SM-T321 (3G)
SM-T325 (4G) Android 4.4
KitKat 000000002014-01-06-00006 January 2014 LTE 800/850/900/1800/2100/2600
HSPA+ 850/900/1900/2100
EDGE/GPRS 850/900/1800/1900 2560x1600 Super Clear LCD 1.9 GHz Quad-core ARM Cortex-A15 & 1.3 GHz Quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 or Qualcomm Snapdragon 800 2.3 GHz Quadcore Mali-T628 2 GB 2 MP 8 MP 1080p HD @30fps 16/32GB microSD (up to 64 GB) 219 mm (8.6 in) 128.5 mm (5.06 in) 7.2 mm (0.28 in) 338 g (0.745 lb) 4800 mAh
Galaxy Tab Pro 10.1
SM-T520 (WiFi)
SM-T525 (3G) Android 4.4.2
KitKat 000000002014-01-06-00006 January 2014 LTE 800/850/900/1800/2100/2600
HSPA+ 850/900/1900/2100
EDGE/GPRS 850/900/1800/1900 2560x1600 Super Clear LCD 1.9 GHz Quad-core ARM Cortex-A15 & 1.3 GHz Quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 or Qualcomm Snapdragon 800 2.3 GHz Quadcore ? 2 GB 2 MP 8 MP 1080p HD @30fps 16/32GB microSD (up to 64 GB) 243.1 mm (9.57 in) 171.4 mm (6.75 in) 7.2 mm (0.28 in) 469 g (1.034 lb) 8220 mAh
Galaxy Tab S 8.4
SM-T700 (WiFi)
SM-T701 (3G)
SM-T705 (4G) Android 5.0.2
Lollipop 000000002014-07-01-00001 July 2014[45] LTE 800/850/900/1800/2100/2600
HSPA+ 850/900/1900/2100
EDGE/GPRS 850/900/1800/1900 2560 x 1600 Super Amoled 1.9 GHz Quad-core ARM Cortex-A15 & 1.3 GHz Quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 or Qualcomm Snapdragon 800 2.3 GHz Quadcore Mali-T628 3 GB 2.1 MP 8 MP 1080p HD @30fps 16/32GB microSD (up to 128 GB) 212.8 mm (8.38 in) 125.6 mm (4.94 in) 6.6 mm (0.26 in) 298 g (0.657 lb) 4900 mAh
Galaxy Tab S 10.5
SM-T800 (WiFi)
SM-T801 (3G)
SM-T805 (4G) Android 5.0 Lollipop 000000002014-07-01-00001 July 2014[45] LTE 800/850/900/1800/2100/2600
HSPA+ 850/900/1900/2100
EDGE/GPRS 850/900/1800/1900 2560 x 1600 Super Amoled 1.9 GHz Quad-core ARM Cortex-A15 & 1.3 GHz Quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 or Qualcomm Snapdragon 800 2.3 GHz Quadcore Mali-T628 3 GB 2.1 MP 8 MP 1080p HD @30fps 16/32GB microSD (up to 128 GB) 247.3 mm (9.74 in) 177.3 mm (6.98 in) 6.6 mm (0.26 in) 467 g (1.030 lb) 7900 mAh
See also[edit]
Samsung Galaxy A series
Samsung Galaxy S series
Samsung Galaxy Note series
Android OS
Tablet PC
Barnes & Noble Nook
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ "Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 7.0 WiFi Tech Specs". Samsung US. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 7.0 WiFi/3G/4G Tech Specs".
^ Jump up to: a b c "Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 10.1, 8.0 and 7.0 Coming To The U.S. July 7 For $399, $299 And $199". The Verge. 24 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 8.0 WiFi Tech Specs". Samsung US. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 10.1 WiFi Tech Specs". Samsung US. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Up close and personal with Samsung's vibrant Galaxy Tab S". Engadget. 12 June 2014. Retrieved 14 June 2014.
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text:
Flag of India
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"Tiranga" redirects here. For the Bollywood film, see Tirangaa.
India
Name
Tiraṅgā (meaning "Tricolour")
Use
National flag
Proportion
2:3
Adopted
22 July 1947; 71 years ago (1947-07-22)
Design
A horizontal triband of India saffron, white, and India green; charged with a navy blue wheel with 24 spokes in the centre
Designed by
Pingali Venkayya[N 1]
The National Flag of India is a horizontal rectangular tricolour of India saffron, white and India green; with the Ashoka Chakra, a 24-spoke wheel, in navy blue at its centre. It was adopted in its present form during a meeting of the Constituent Assembly held on 22 July 1947, and it became the official flag of the Dominion of India on 15 August 1947. The flag was subsequently retained as that of the Republic of India. In India, the term "tricolour" (Hindi: तिरंगा, translit. Tiraṅgā) almost always refers to the Indian national flag. The flag is based on the Swaraj flag, a flag of the Indian National Congress designed by Pingali Venkayya.[N 1]
By law, the flag is to be made of khadi, a special type of hand-spun cloth or silk, made popular by Mahatma Gandhi. The manufacturing process and specifications for the flag are laid out by the Bureau of Indian Standards. The right to manufacture the flag is held by the Khadi Development and Village Industries Commission, who allocates it to regional groups. As of 2009, the Karnataka Khadi Gramodyoga Samyukta Sangha has been the sole manufacturer of the flag.
Usage of the flag is governed by the Flag Code of India and other laws relating to the national emblems. The original code prohibited use of the flag by private citizens except on national days such as the Independence day and the Republic Day. In 2002, on hearing an appeal from a private citizen, Naveen Jindal, the Supreme Court of India directed the Government of India to amend the code to allow flag usage by private citizens. Subsequently, the Union Cabinet of India amended the code to allow limited usage. The code was amended once more in 2005 to allow some additional use including adaptations on certain forms of clothing. The flag code also governs the protocol of flying the flag and its use in conjunction with other national and non-national flags.
Contents
1 Design and construction details
2 Symbolism
3 History
4 Manufacturing process
5 Protocol
5.1 Display
5.2 Half-mast
6 See also
7 Footnotes
8 Notes
9 References
10 External links
Design and construction details
Sizes of the National Flag
Flag size[1][2]
Length and width (mm)
Size of Ashoka Chakra (mm)[3]
1 6300 × 4200 1295
2 3600 × 2400 740
3 2700 × 1800 555
4 1800 × 1200 370
5 1350 × 900 280
6 900 × 600 185
7 450 × 300 90[4]
8 225 × 150 40
9 150 × 100 25[4]
According to the Flag code of India, the Indian flag has a ratio of two by three (where the length of the flag is 1.5 times that of the width). All three stripes of the flag (saffron, white and green) are to be equal in width and length. The size of the Ashoka Chakra is not specified in the Flag code, but it has twenty-four spokes that are evenly spaced.[5] In section 4.3.1 of "IS1: Manufacturing standards for the Indian Flag", there is a chart that details the size of the Ashoka Chakra on the nine specific sizes of the national flag.[3] In both the Flag code and IS1, they call for the Ashoka Chakra to be printed or painted on both sides of the flag in navy blue.[3][5] Below is the list of specified shades for all colours used on the national flag, with the exception of Navy Blue, from "IS1: Manufacturing standards for the Indian Flag" as defined in the 1931 CIE Colour Specifications with illuminant C.[3] The navy blue colour can be found in the standard IS:1803-1973.[3]
Materials 3.1.2.2: Colours[3]
Colour
X
Y
Z
Brightness
India saffron (Kesari) 0.538 0.360 0.102 21.5
White 0.313 0.319 0.368 72.6
India green 0.288 0.395 0.317 8.9
Note that the values given in the table correspond to CIE 1931 color space. Approximate RGB values for use may be taken to be: India saffron #FF9933, white #FFFFFF, India green #138808, navy blue #000080.[6] Pantone values closest to this are 130 U, White, 2258 C and 2735 C.
Symbolism
Flag of India, New Delhi
Gandhi first proposed a flag to the Indian National Congress in 1921. The flag was designed by Pingali Venkayya. In the centre was a traditional spinning wheel, symbolising Gandhi's goal of making Indians self-reliant by fabricating their own clothing. The design was then modified to include a white stripe in the centre for other religious communities, and provide a background for the spinning wheel. Subsequently, to avoid sectarian associations with the colour scheme, saffron, white and green were chosen for the three bands, representing courage and sacrifice, peace and truth, and faith and chivalry respectively.[7]
A few days before India became independent on 15 August 1947, the specially constituted Constituent Assembly decided that the flag of India must be acceptable to all parties and communities.[8] A modified version of the Swaraj flag was chosen; the tricolour remained the same saffron, white and green. However, the charkha was replaced by the Ashoka Chakra representing the eternal wheel of law. The philosopher Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, who later became India's first Vice President and second President, clarified the adopted flag and described its significance as follows:
“ Bhagwa or the Saffron denotes renunciation or disinterestedness. Our leaders must be indifferent to material gains and dedicate themselves to their work. The white in the centre is light, the path of truth to guide our conduct. The green shows our relation to (the) soil, our relation to the plant life here, on which all other life depends. The "Ashoka Chakra" in the centre of the white is the wheel of the law of dharma. Truth or satya, dharma or virtue ought to be the controlling principle of those who work under this flag. Again, the wheel denotes motion. There is death in stagnation. There is life in movement. India should no more resist change, it must move and go forward. The wheel represents the dynamism of a peaceful change.[9] ”
History
A number of flags with varying designs were used in the period preceding the Indian Independence Movement by the rulers of different princely states; the idea of a single Indian flag was first raised by the British rulers of India after the rebellion of 1857, which resulted in the establishment of direct imperial rule. The first flag, whose design was based on western heraldic standards, were similar to the flags of other British colonies, including Canada and Australia; its blue field included the Union Flag in the upper-left quadrant and a Star of India capped by the royal crown in the middle of the right half. To address the question of how the star conveyed "Indianness", Queen Victoria created the Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India to honour services to the empire by her Indian subjects. Subsequently, all the Indian princely states received flags with symbols based on the heraldic criteria of Europe including the right to fly defaced British red ensigns.[10][11][12]
Flag of British India, 1880–1947
In the early twentieth century, around the coronation of Edward VII, a discussion started on the need for a heraldic symbol that was representative of the Indian empire. William Coldstream, a British member of the Indian Civil Service, campaigned the government to change the heraldic symbol from a star, which he considered to be a common choice, to something more appropriate. His proposal was not well received by the government; Lord Curzon rejected it for practical reasons including the multiplication of flags.[13] Around this time, nationalist opinion within the realm was leading to a representation through religious tradition. The symbols that were in vogue included the Ganesha, advocated by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Kali, advocated by Aurobindo Ghosh and Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. Another symbol was the cow, or Gau Mata (cow mother). However, all these symbols were Hindu-centric and did not suggest unity with India's Muslim population.[14]
Based on the Calcutta Flag, design of the "Flag of Indian Independence" raised by Bhikaji Cama on 22 August 1907, at the International Socialist Conference in Stuttgart, Germany.
The partition of Bengal (1905) resulted in the introduction of a new flag representing the Indian independence movement that sought to unite the multitude of castes and races within the country. The Vande Mataram flag, part of the Swadeshi movement against the British, comprised Indian religious symbols represented in western heraldic fashion. The tricolour flag included eight white lotuses on the upper green band representing the eight provinces, a sun and a crescent on the bottom red band, and the Vande Mataram slogan in Hindi on the central yellow band. The flag was launched in Calcutta bereft of any ceremony and the launch was only briefly covered by newspapers. The flag was not covered in contemporary governmental or political reports either, but was used at the annual session of the Indian National Congress. A slightly modified version was subsequently used by Madam Bhikaji Cama at the second International Socialist Congress in Stuttgart in 1907. Despite the multiple uses of the flag, it failed to generate enthusiasm amongst Indian nationalists.[15]
Around the same time, another proposal for the flag was initiated by Sister Nivedita, a Hindu reformist and disciple of Swami Vivekananda. The flag consisted of a thunderbolt in the centre and a hundred and eight oil lamps for the border, with the Vande Mataram caption split around the thunderbolt. It was also presented at the Indian National Congress meeting in 1906.[16] Soon, many other proposals were initiated, but none of them gained attention from the nationalist movement.
In 1909, Lord Ampthill, former Governor of the Madras Presidency, wrote to The Times of London in the run up to Empire Day pointing out that there existed "no flag representative of India as a whole or any Indian province... Surely this is strange, seeing that but for India there would be no Empire."[17]
In 1916, Pingali Venkayya submitted thirty new designs, in the form of a booklet funded by members of the High Court of Madras. These many proposals and recommendations did little more than keep the flag movement alive. The same year, Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak adopted a new flag as part of the Home Rule Movement. The flag included the Union Jack in the upper left corner, a star and crescent in the upper right, and seven stars displayed diagonally from the lower right, on a background of five red and four green alternating bands. The flag resulted in the first governmental initiative against any nationalistic flag, as a magistrate in Coimbatore banned its use. The ban was followed by a public debate on the function and importance of a national flag.[18]
In the early 1920s, national flag discussions gained prominence across most British dominions following the peace treaty between Britain and Ireland. In November 1920, the Indian delegation to the League of Nations wanted to use an Indian flag, and this prompted the British Indian government to place renewed emphasis on the flag as a national symbol.
Gandhi's Flag, introduced at the Congress meeting in 1921[19]
In April 1921, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi wrote in his journal Young India about the need for an Indian flag, proposing a flag with the charkha or spinning wheel at the centre.[20] The idea of the spinning wheel was put forth by Lala Hansraj, and Gandhi commissioned Pingali Venkayya to design a flag with the spinning wheel on a red and green banner, the red colour signifying Hindus and the green standing for Muslims. Gandhi wanted the flag to be presented at the Congress session of 1921, but it was not delivered on time, and another flag was proposed at the session. Gandhi later wrote that the delay was fortuitous since it allowed him to realise that other religions were not represented; he then added white to the banner colours, to represent all the other religions. Finally, owing to the religious-political sensibilities, in 1929, Gandhi moved towards a more secular interpretation of the flag colours, stating that red stood for the sacrifices of the people, white for purity, and green for hope.[21]
On 13 April 1923, during a procession by local Congress volunteers in Nagpur commemorating the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, the Swaraj flag with the spinning wheel, designed by Pingali Venkayya, was hoisted. This event resulted in a confrontation between the Congressmen and the police, after which five people were imprisoned. Over a hundred other protesters continued the flag procession after a meeting. Subsequently, on the first of May, Jamnalal Bajaj, the secretary of the Nagpur Congress Committee, started the Flag Satyagraha, gaining national attention and marking a significant point in the flag movement. The satyagraha, promoted nationally by the Congress, started creating cracks within the organisation in which the Gandhians were highly enthused while the other group, the Swarajists, called it inconsequential.
Finally, at the All India Congress Committee meeting in July, 1923, at the insistence of Jawaharlal Nehru and Sarojini Naidu, Congress closed ranks and the flag movement was endorsed. The flag movement was managed by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel with the idea of public processions and flag displays by common people. By the end of the movement, over 1500 people had been arrested across all of British India. The Bombay Chronicle reported that the movement drew from diverse groups of society including farmers, students, merchants, labourers and "national servants". While Muslim participation was moderate, the movement enthused women, who had hitherto rarely participated in the independence movement.[22]
While the flag agitation got its impetus from Gandhi's writings and discourses, the movement received political acceptance following the Nagpur incident. News reports, editorials and letters to editors published in various journals and newspapers of the time attest to the subsequent development of a bond between the flag and the nation. Soon, the concept of preserving the honour of the national flag became an integral component of the independence struggle. While Muslims were still wary of the Swaraj flag, it gained acceptance among Muslim leaders of the Congress and the Khilafat Movement as the national flag.
The Swaraj Flag, officially adopted by the Indian National Congress in 1931[23]
Detractors of the flag movement, including Motilal Nehru, soon hailed the Swaraj flag as a symbol of national unity. Thus, the flag became a significant structural component of the institution of India. In contrast to the subdued responses of the past, the British Indian government took greater cognisance of the new flag, and began to define a policy of response. The British parliament discussed public use of the flag, and based on directives from England, the British Indian government threatened to withdraw funds from municipalities and local governments that did not prevent the display of the Swaraj flag.[24] The Swaraj flag became the official flag of Congress at the 1931 meeting. However, by then, the flag had already become the symbol of the independence movement.[25]
A few days before India gained its independence in August 1947, the Constituent Assembly was formed. To select a flag for independent India, on 23 June 1947, the assembly set up an ad hoc committee headed by Rajendra Prasad and including Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Sarojini Naidu, C. Rajagopalachari, K. M. Munshi and B. R. Ambedkar as its members.
Indian Flag, the first stamp of independent India, released on 21 Nov 1947, was meant for foreign correspondence.[26][27]
On 14 July 1947, the committee recommended that the flag of the Indian National Congress be adopted as the National Flag of India with suitable modifications, so as to make it acceptable to all parties and communities. It was also resolved that the flag should not have any communal undertones.[5] The spinning wheel of the Congress flag was replaced by the Chakra (wheel) from the Lion Capital of Ashoka. According to Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, the chakra was chosen as it was representative of dharma and law. However, Jawaharlal Nehru explained that the change was more practical in nature, as unlike the flag with the spinning wheel, this design would appear symmetrical. Gandhi was not very pleased by the change, but eventually came around to accepting it. Badruddin Tyabji, was assigned the responsibility of coming up with National Flag and National Emblem. Badruddin Tyabji, was one of the civil servant in the constituent assembly. Originally, the Chakra was painted in black, but later on changed to navy blue on Gandhiji's recommendation[28].
The flag was proposed by Nehru at the Constituent Assembly on 22 July 1947 as a horizontal tricolour of deep saffron, white and dark green in equal proportions, with the Ashoka wheel in blue in the centre of the white band. Nehru also presented two flags, one in Khadi-silk and the other in Khadi-cotton, to the assembly. The resolution was approved unanimously.[29] It served as the national flag of the Dominion of India between 15 August 1947 and 26 January 1950, and has served as the flag of the Republic of India since then.[8]
Manufacturing process
A header of an Indian flag (size 6, date 2007/2008) certified by the ISI
The design and manufacturing process for the national flag is regulated by three documents issued by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). All of the flags are made out of khadi cloth of silk or cotton. The standards were created in 1968 and were updated in 2008.[30] Nine standard sizes of the flag are specified by law.[1]
In 1951, after India became a republic, the Indian Standards Institute (now the BIS) brought out the first official specifications for the flag. These were revised in 1964 to conform to the metric system which was adopted in India. The specifications were further amended on 17 August 1968.[5] The specifications cover all the essential requirements of the manufacture of the Indian flag including sizes, dye colour, chromatic values, brightness, thread count and hemp cordage. The guidelines are covered under civil and criminal laws and defects in the manufacturing process can result in punishments that include fines or jail terms.[31][32]
Khadi or hand-spun cloth is the only material allowed to be used for the flag, and flying a flag made of any other material is punishable by law with imprisonment up to three years, besides a fine. Raw materials for khadi are restricted to cotton, silk and wool. There are two kinds of khadi used: The first is the khadi-bunting which makes up the body of the flag, and the second is the khadi-duck, which is a beige-coloured cloth that holds the flag to the pole. The khadi-duck is an unconventional type of weave that meshes three threads into a weave, compared to the two threads used in conventional weaving. This type of weaving is extremely rare, and there are fewer than twenty weavers in India professing this skill. The guidelines also state that there should be exactly 150 threads per square centimetre, four threads per stitch, and one square foot should weigh exactly 205 grams (7.2 oz).[5][31][32][33]
There are four places in the country licensed to make the cloth for the national flag, they are in Karnataka, Marathwada, Barabanki in UP, and Banetha in Rajasthan.[34] The woven khadi is obtained from two handloom units in the Dharwad and Bagalkot districts of northern Karnataka. Currently, Karnataka Khadi Gramodyoga Samyukta Sangha based in Hubli is the only licensed flag production and supply unit in India.[32] Permission for setting up flag manufacturing units in India is allotted by the Khadi Development and Village Industries Commission, though the BIS has the power to cancel the licences of units that flout guidelines.[5] The hand-woven khadi for the National Flag was initially manufactured at Garag, a small village in the Dharwad district. A Centre was established at Garag in 1954 by a few freedom fighters under the banner of Dharwad Taluk Kshetriya Seva Sangh and obtained the Centre's licence to make flags.[5]
Once woven, the material is sent to the BIS laboratories for testing. After quality testing, the material, if approved, is returned to the factory. It is then separated into three lots which are dyed saffron, white and green. The Ashoka Chakra is screen printed, stencilled or suitably embroidered onto each side of the white cloth. Care also has to be taken that the chakra is completely visible and synchronised on both sides. Three pieces of the required dimension, one of each colour, are then stitched together according to specifications and the final product is ironed and packed. The BIS then checks the colours and only then can the flag be sold.[31][32]
Protocol
Main article: Flag Code of India
Correct horizontal and vertical display of the flag
Display and usage of the flag is governed by the Flag Code of India, 2002 (successor to the Flag Code – India, the original flag code); the Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950; and the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971.[5] Insults to the national flag, including gross affronts or indignities to it, as well as using it in a manner so as to violate the provisions of the Flag Code, are punishable by law with imprisonment up to three years, or a fine, or both.[35]
Official regulation states that the flag must never touch the ground or water, or be used as a drapery in any form.[5] The flag may not be intentionally placed upside down, dipped in anything, or hold any objects other than flower petals before unfurling. No sort of lettering may be inscribed on the flag. When out in the open, the flag should always be flown between sunrise and sunset, irrespective of the weather conditions. Prior to 2009, the flag could be flown on a public building at night under special circumstances; currently, Indian citizens can fly the flag even at night, subject to the restriction that the flag should be hoisted on a tall flagpole and be well-illuminated.[5][36]
The flag should never be depicted, displayed or flown upside down. Tradition also states that when draped vertically, the flag should not merely be rotated 90degrees, but also reversed. One "reads" a flag like the pages of a book, from top to bottom and from left to right, and after rotation the results should be the same. It is considered insulting to display the flag in a frayed or dirty state, and the same rule applies to the flagpoles and halyards used to hoist the flag, which should always be in a proper state of maintenance.[1]
The original flag code of India did not allow private citizens to fly the national flag except on national days such as Independence Day or Republic Day. In 2001, Naveen Jindal, an industrialist used to the more egalitarian use of the flag in the United States where he studied, flew the Indian flag on his office building. The flag was confiscated and he was warned of prosecution. Jindal filed a public interest litigation petition in the High Court of Delhi; he sought to strike down the restriction on the use of the flag by private citizens, arguing that hoisting the national flag with due decorum and honour was his right as a citizen, and a way of expressing his love for the country.[37][38]
At the end of the appeals process, the case was heard by the Supreme Court of India; the court ruled in Jindal's favour, asking the Government of India to consider the matter. The Union Cabinet of India then amended the Indian Flag Code with effect from 26 January 2002, allowing private citizens to hoist the flag on any day of the year, subject to their safeguarding the dignity, honour and respect of the flag.[5] It is also held that the code was not a statute and restrictions under the code ought to be followed; also, the right to fly the flag is a qualified right, unlike the absolute rights guaranteed to citizens, and should be interpreted in the context of Article 19 of the Constitution of India.[5]
The original flag code also forbade use of the flag on uniforms, costumes and other clothing. In July 2005, the Government of India amended the code to allow some forms of usage. The amended code forbids usage in clothing below the waist and on undergarments, and forbids embroidering onto pillowcases, handkerchiefs or other dress material.[39]
Disposal of damaged flags is also covered by the flag code. Damaged or soiled flags may not be cast aside or disrespectfully destroyed; they have to be destroyed as a whole in private, preferably by burning or by any other method consistent with the dignity of the flag.[1]
Display
Placement protocol for the Indian flag with another country's flag
The rules regarding the correct methods to display the flag state that when two flags are fully spread out horizontally on a wall behind a podium, their hoists should be towards each other with the saffron stripes uppermost. If the flag is displayed on a short flagpole, this should be mounted at an angle to the wall with the flag draped tastefully from it. If two national flags are displayed on crossed staffs, the hoists must be towards each other and the flags must be fully spread out. The flag should never be used as a cloth to cover tables, lecterns, podiums or buildings, or be draped from railings.[1]
Whenever the flag is displayed indoors in halls at public meetings or gatherings of any kind, it should always be on the right (observers' left), as this is the position of authority. So when the flag is displayed next to a speaker in the hall or other meeting place, it must be placed on the speaker's right hand. When it is displayed elsewhere in the hall, it should be to the right of the audience. The flag should be displayed completely spread out with the saffron stripe on top. If hung vertically on the wall behind the podium, the saffron stripe should be to the left of the onlookers facing the flag with the hoist cord at the top.[1]
A flag procession
The flag, when carried in a procession or parade or with another flag or flags, should be on the marching right or alone in the centre at the front. The flag may form a distinctive feature of the unveiling of a statue, monument, or plaque, but should never be used as the covering for the object. As a mark of respect to the flag, it should never be dipped to a person or thing, as opposed to regimental colours, organisational or institutional flags, which may be dipped as a mark of honour. During the ceremony of hoisting or lowering the flag, or when the flag is passing in a parade or in a review, all persons present should face the flag and stand at attention. Those present in uniform should render the appropriate salute. When the flag is in a moving column, persons present will stand at attention or salute as the flag passes them. A dignitary may take the salute without a head dress. The flag salutation should be followed by the playing of the national anthem.[1]
Indian Flag at the Red Fort, Delhi
The privilege of flying the national flag on vehicles is restricted to the President, the Vice-President or the Prime Minister, Governors and Lieutenant Governors of states, Chief Ministers, Union Ministers, members of the Parliament of India and state legislatures of the Indian states (Vidhan Sabha and Vidhan Parishad), judges of the Supreme Court of India and High Courts, and flag officers of the Army, Navy and Air Force. The flag has to be flown from a staff affixed firmly either on the middle front or to the front right side of the car. When a foreign dignitary travels in a car provided by government, the flag should be flown on the right side of the car while the flag of the foreign country should be flown on the left side.[5]
The flag should be flown on the aircraft carrying the President, the Vice-President or the Prime Minister on a visit to a foreign country. Alongside the National Flag, the flag of the country visited should also be flown; however, when the aircraft lands in countries en route, the national flags of the respective countries would be flown instead. When carrying the president within India, aircraft display the flag on the side the president embarks or disembarks; the flag is similarly flown on trains, but only when the train is stationary or approaching a railway station.[1]
When the Indian flag is flown on Indian territory along with other national flags, the general rule is that the Indian flag should be the starting point of all flags. When flags are placed in a straight line, the rightmost flag (leftmost to the observer facing the flag) is the Indian flag, followed by other national flags in alphabetical order. When placed in a circle, the Indian flag is the first point and is followed by other flags alphabetically. In such placement, all other flags should be of approximately the same size with no other flag being larger than the Indian flag. Each national flag should also be flown from its own pole and no flag should be placed higher than another. In addition to being the first flag, the Indian flag may also be placed within the row or circle alphabetically. When placed on crossed poles, the Indian flag should be in front of the other flag, and to the right (observer's left) of the other flag. The only exception to the preceding rule is when it is flown along with the flag of the United Nations, which may be placed to the right of the Indian flag.[1]
When the Indian flag is displayed with non-national flags, including corporate flags and advertising banners, the rules state that if the flags are on separate staffs, the flag of India should be in the middle, or the furthest left from the viewpoint of the onlookers, or at least one flag's breadth higher than the other flags in the group. Its flagpole must be in front of the other poles in the group, but if they are on the same staff, it must be the uppermost flag. If the flag is carried in procession with other flags, it must be at the head of the marching procession, or if carried with a row of flags in line abreast, it must be carried to the marching right of the procession.[1]
Half-mast
The flag should be flown at half-mast as a sign of mourning. The decision to do so lies with the President of India, who also decides the period of such mourning. When the flag is to be flown at half mast, it must first be raised to the top of the mast and then slowly lowered. Only the Indian flag is flown half mast; all other flags remain at normal height.
The flag is flown half-mast nationwide on the death of the president, Vice-president or prime minister. It is flown half-mast in New Delhi and the state of origin for the Speaker of the Lok Sabha, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and Union Ministers. On deaths of Governors, Lt. Governors and Chief Ministers, the flag is flown at half-mast in the respective states and union territories.
The Indian flag cannot be flown at half-mast on Republic Day (26 January), Independence day (15 August), Gandhi Jayanti (2 October), National Week (6–13 April) or state formation anniversaries, except over buildings housing the body of the deceased dignitary. However, even in such cases, the flag must be raised to full-mast when the body is moved from the building.
Observances of State mourning on the death of foreign dignitaries are governed by special instructions issued from the Ministry of Home Affairs in individual cases. However, in the event of death of either the Head of the State or Head of the Government of a foreign country, the Indian Mission accredited to that country may fly the national flag at half-mast.
On occasions of state, military, central para-military forces funerals, the flag shall be draped over the bier or coffin with the saffron towards the head of the bier or coffin. The flag should not be lowered into the grave or burnt in the pyre.[1]
See also
List of Indian flags
Jana Gana Mana
National Pledge (India)
Footnotes
^ Jump up to: a b The current flag is an adaptation of Venkayya's original design, but he is generally credited as the designer of the flag.
Notes
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k "Flag Code of India". Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 25 January 2006. Archived from the original on 10 January 2006. Retrieved 11 October 2006.
Jump up ^ "IS 1 (1968): Specification for The National Flag of India (Cotton Khadi, PDF version)" (PDF). Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 October 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Bureau of Indian Standards (1968). "IS 1 : 1968 Specification for the national flag of India (cotton khadi)". Government of India. Retrieved 2012-07-23.
^ Jump up to: a b Bureau of Indian Standards (1979). "IS 1 : 1968 Specification for the national flag of India (cotton khadi), Amendment 2". Government of India.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Flag code of India, 2002". Fact Sheet. Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 4 April 2002. Archived from the original on 22 May 2006. Retrieved 11 October 2006.
Jump up ^ Wikipedia articles for the respective colour names
Jump up ^ "Flag of India". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2009. Archived from the original on 15 December 2008. Retrieved 2 July 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Heimer, Željko (2 July 2006). "India". Flags of the World. Archived from the original on 18 October 2006. Retrieved 11 October 2006.
Jump up ^ "Flag Code of India, 2002". Press Information Bureau. Government of India. 3 April 2002. Archived from the original on 20 May 2015. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
Jump up ^ Virmani 1999, p. 172
Jump up ^ Roy 2006, p. 498
Jump up ^ Volker Preuß. "British Raj Marineflagge" (in German). Archived from the original on 17 September 2005. Retrieved 4 September 2005.
Jump up ^ Virmani 1999, p. 173
Jump up ^ Virmani 1999, p. 174
Jump up ^ Virmani 1999, pp. 175–176
Jump up ^ Roy 2006, pp. 498–499
Jump up ^ "A Flag for India". Luton Times and Advertiser. 21 May 1909. Retrieved 27 August 2015 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
Jump up ^ Virmani 1999, pp. 176–177
Jump up ^ Roy 2006, p. 504
Jump up ^ Virmani 1999, pp. 177–178
Jump up ^ Roy 2006, pp. 503–505
Jump up ^ Virmani 1999, pp. 181–186
Jump up ^ NCERT Text book - CBSE - Class 10 - Social Science
Jump up ^ Virmani 1999, pp. 187–191
Jump up ^ Roy 2006, p. 508
Jump up ^ India Postage Stamps 1947–1988.(1989) Philately branch, Department of Posts, India.
Jump up ^ Souvenir sheet of the Independence series of stamps, Indian Posts, 1948
Jump up ^ "How the Tricolour and Lion Emblem Really Came to Be".
Jump up ^ Jha 2008, pp. 106–107
Jump up ^ "Indian Standards" (PDF). Bureau of Indian Standards. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 September 2008. Retrieved 29 November 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c Vattam, Shyam Sundar (15 June 2004). "Why all national flags will be 'Made in Hubli'". Deccan Herald. Archived from the original on 22 May 2006. Retrieved 11 October 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Aruna Chandaraju (15 August 2004). "The Flag Town". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 23 September 2009. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
Jump up ^ Chandaraju, Aruna (15 August 2004). "The flag town". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 23 September 2009. Retrieved 17 February 2010.
Jump up ^ "The tricolour weavers of Rajasthan's Dausa are on the decline". 11 February 2017. Archived from the original on 13 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Prevention of Insults To National Honour Act, 1971" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 January 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
Jump up ^ Press Trust of India (24 December 2009). "Now, Indians can fly Tricolour at night". The Times of India. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
Jump up ^ "My Flag, My Country". Rediff.com. 13 June 2001. Archived from the original on 21 November 2007. Retrieved 15 November 2007.
Jump up ^ "Union of India v. Navin Jindal". Supreme Court of India. Archived from the original on 24 December 2004. Retrieved 1 July 2005.
Jump up ^ Chadha, Monica (6 July 2005). "Indians can wear flag with pride". BBC. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
References
Virmani, Arundhati (2008). A National Flag for India. Rituals, Nationalism and the Politics of Sentiment. Delhi, Permanent Black. pp. 356 p. ISBN 81-7824-232-X.
Virmani, Arundhati (August 1999). "National Symbols under Colonial Domination: The Nationalization of the Indian Flag, March–August 1923". Past & Present. 164: 169–197. doi:10.1093/past/164.1.169. JSTOR 651278. .
Roy, Srirupa (August 2006). "A Symbol of Freedom: The Indian Flag and the Transformations of Nationalism, 1906–". Journal of Asian Studies. 65 (3). ISSN 0021-9118. OCLC 37893507.
Jha, Sadan (25 October 2008). "The Indian National Flag as a site of daily plebiscite". Economic and Political Weekly: 102–111. ISSN 0012-9976. OCLC 1567377. .
"Indian Standards" (PDF). Bureau of Indian Standards. Retrieved 1 July 2005.
"India". Flags of the World. Retrieved 30 June 2005.
"India: Historical Flags". Flags of the World. Retrieved 30 June 2005.
"Flying the real tricolour". Rediff.com. Retrieved 1 July 2005.
"My Flag, My Country". Rediff.com. Retrieved 1 July 2005.
Royle, Trevor (1997). The Last Days of the Raj. John Murray. p. 217. ISBN 978-0-7195-5686-9.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to National flag of India.
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Flag Code of India
"National Flag". National Portal of India. Government of India. Archived from the original on 26 January 2010. Retrieved 8 February 2010.
"History of Indian Tricolour". National Portal of India. Government of India. Archived from the original on 9 August 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-15.
"Flag Code of India" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
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