text:
Shave and a Haircut
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"Shave and a Haircut" in C major. Play (help·info)
These notes are: C-G-G-A-G B-C.
In a variation on this tune, the second and third notes are replaced with a triplet with the middle a semitone lower, and the fourth note is flatted.[citation needed]
"Shave and a Haircut" in G major and then with chords.[1] Play (help·info) or play with chords (help·info).
"Shave and a Haircut" and the associated response "two bits" is a 7-note musical call and response couplet, riff or fanfare popularly used at the end of a musical performance, usually for comic effect. It is used both melodically and rhythmically, for example as a door knock.
"Two bits" is an archaism in the United States for 25 cents; a quarter. "Six bits" is occasionally used. The final words may also be "get lost", "drop dead" (in Australia), or some other facetious expression. In England, it was often said as "five bob" (slang for five shillings), although words are now rarely used to accompany the rhythm or the tune.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Popularity
3 Uses in other countries
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
History[edit]
An early occurrence of the tune is from an 1899 Charles Hale song, "At a Darktown Cakewalk".[2] Other songs from the same period also used the tune. The same notes form the bridge in the "Hot Scotch Rag", written by H. A. Fischler in 1911.
An early recording used the 7-note tune at both the beginning and the ending of a humorous 1915 song, by Billy Murray and the American Quartet, called "On the 5:15".
In his 1933 novel, Hizzoner the Mayor, Joel Sayre wrote of boats "tooting the official Malta welcome blast to the tempo of 'Shave-and-a-haircut-two-bits, shave- and-a-haircut-two-bits, shave-and-a-haircut-two-bits,' which was soon taken up by every craft in the harbor that had a boiler,"[3] indicating that the tune was already associated by that time with the lyric.
In 1939, Dan Shapiro, Lestor Lee and Milton Berle released "Shave and a Haircut – Shampoo,"[4] which used the tune in the closing bars and has been thought to be the origin of the lyric.
Popularity[edit]
The tune can be heard on customized car horns,[5][6] while the rhythm may be tapped as a door knock[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] or as a Morse code "dah-di-di-dah-di, di-dit" ( –··–· ·· )[15] at the end of an amateur radio contact.
The former prisoner of war and U.S. Naval Seaman Doug Hegdahl reports fellow American captives in the Vietnam war would authenticate a new prisoner's American identity by tapping the first five notes of "Shave and a Haircut" against a cell wall and waiting for the appropriate response. American POWs were then able to communicate securely with one another via the quadratic alphabet code.[16]
The tune has been used innumerable times as a coda or ending in musical pieces. It is strongly associated with the stringed instruments of bluegrass music, particularly the 5-string banjo. Earl Scruggs often ended a song with this phrase or a variation of it. On the television show The Beverly Hillbillies, musical cues signifying the coming of a commercial break (cues which were in bluegrass style) frequently ended with "Shave and a Haircut". It is the most popular bluegrass run, after the G run.[1]
"Shave and a Haircut" was used in many early cartoons, particularly Looney Tunes cartoons, played on things varying from car horns to window shutters banging in the wind. It was also used as an ending to many cartoon shows, just after the credits. Decades later, the couplet became a plot device used by the chief antagonist Judge Doom in the film Who Framed Roger Rabbit, the idea being that Toons cannot resist finishing with the "two bits" when they hear the opening rhythm.[17]
The phrase has been incorporated into countless recordings and performances. Notable examples include:
'That's a Lot of Bunk', a 1920s novelty song by Billy Jones and Ernest Hare, known as "The Happiness Boys," uses the riff at the end of the song.
R&B singer and bandleader Dave Bartholomew used the phrase on two of his recordings: "Country Boy" (1950) at the very end, and the original version of "My Ding-A-Ling" (1952) as a figure introducing each verse.[18]
Les Paul and Mary Ford's Capitol recording of "Magic Melody" concluded with the phrase minus the last two notes ("two bits"). Responding to complaints from disc jockeys, Capitol in 1955 released "Magic Melody Part 2"—consisting solely of the missing notes—on a 45, said to be the shortest tune on record.[19]
P. D. Q. Bach ends his "Blaues Gras" ("bluegrass") aria with "Shave and a Haircut", sung in Denglisch (mangled German and English): "Rasieren und Haarschneiden, zwei bitte" ("Shave and haircut, two please", ungrammatical in either language). "Zwei bitte" is a Denglisch pun, sounding like "two bits" to a speaker of both languages.[20] The melody is also used in The Short-Tempered Clavier.[21]
The song "Gee, Officer Krupke" from Leonard Bernstein's musical West Side Story ends with the tune.
The opening theme to the TV series The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson ends with the tune.
The original version of "Love and Marriage" by Frank Sinatra (recorded for Capitol Records in 1955) ends with the tune.
"Everything About You", by Ugly Kid Joe (recorded for Mercury Records in 1992), ends with the tune.
Uses in other countries[edit]
Shave and a Haircut
An example of the couplet.
Problems playing this file? See media help.
In Mexico, the melody is highly offensive, as it is commonly used to stand in for the rhythmically similar vulgar phrase "chinga tu madre, cabrón" (English: "Fuck your mother, asshole!").[5][7][22][6]
The Italian version is Ammazza la vecchia...col Flit! (English: "Kill the old lady...with Flit!")—Flit being an old brand of DDT insecticide. This is a humorous popular version of a post-World War II commercial Ammazza la mosca... col Flit (English: "Kill the fly with Flit!").[citation needed] This version is never perceived as offensive, but just as a joke.
In the Canadian province of Quebec, the tune is frequently used among children to induce silence. The lyrics are "Chip chocolat gomme, Peanut!" (English: "Chip chocolate gum, Peanut!").[23]
The tune is used in Catalan with a different lyric: "Nas de barraca. Sant Boi" (English: "Shack nose. Sant Boi"). It is also tapped, as a door knock. The Catalan lyrics may come from Blanes, where it was sung twice with Nas de barraca. Sant Boi. Cinc de carmelos pel noi (English: Shack nose. Sant Boi. Five candies for the boy).[24]
In Spain, it is sung with the lyrics, Una copita... de Ojén (English: "A shot of schnapps").
In Sweden it was used in a commercial for the Bronzol brand of candy with the slogan Hälsan för halsen—Bronzol (English: Health for your throat—Bronzol).
In the Netherlands, the phrase is used when someone leaves with the intention to not return. Die zien we nooit meer, te-rug (English: We shall never see them, a-gain). It is used as a way to make fun of someone/something, if it suddenly disappears from the scene.
In Argentina, Carlos Balá, a former children's TV programmes host, used to include a bit in his routine in which he would hum the "shave and a haircut" part of the tune, prompting the children in the audience to answer "Ba-lá" to the rhythm of the two final notes.
See also[edit]
Banjo roll
Oriental riff
Bo Diddley beat
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Traum, Happy (1974). Bluegrass Guitar, p.26. ISBN 0-8256-0153-3.
Jump up ^ Much of this article is taken from James Fuld, The Book of World-Famous Music: Classical, Popular, and Folk. 5th ed., revised and enlarged (New York: Dover Publications, 2000), p. 495.
Jump up ^ Sayre, Joel (1933). Hizzoner the Mayor: A Novel. New York: John Day Company. pp. 28–29.
Jump up ^ "Catchy Tune Central Archived 2010-06-12 at the Wayback Machine.", Members.MultiMania.NL.
^ Jump up to: a b Franz, Carl; Havens, Lorena (2006). The People's Guide to Mexico. Avalon Travel Publishing. p. 319. ISBN 1-56691-711-5.
^ Jump up to: a b Arellano, Gustavo (2008). Ask a Mexican. Scribner. p. 26. ISBN 1-4165-4003-2.
^ Jump up to: a b Thompson, Chuck (2009). To Hellholes and Back: Bribes, Lies, and the Art of Extreme Tourism. Holt Paperbacks. p. 220. ISBN 0-8050-8788-5.
Jump up ^ Stanton, John (September 20, 1948). "In Mexico City Traffic is Terrific". LIFE. Time, Inc.
Jump up ^ Keenan, Joseph John (2004). Breaking Out of Beginner's Spanish. University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-74322-X.
Jump up ^ Axtell, Roger E.; Fornwald, Mike (1998). Gestures: The Do's and Taboos of Body Language Around the World. Wiley. p. 101. ISBN 0-471-18342-3.
Jump up ^ Axtell, Roger E. (1998). Do's and Taboos of Humor Around the World. Wiley. ISBN 0-471-25403-7.
Jump up ^ Ruiz Fornells, Enrique; Ruiz-Fornells, Cynthia Y. (1979). The United States and the Spanish World. Sociedad General Española de Librería. ISBN 84-7143-192-0.
Jump up ^ Wilder, Cora Sarjeant; Sherrier, James (1992). Celebrating Diversity. Ginn Press. ISBN 0-536-58133-9.
Jump up ^ Partridge, Eric; Dalzell, Tom; and Victor, Terry (2007). The concise new Partridge dictionary of slang and unconventional English, p.571. ISBN 978-0-415-21259-5.
Jump up ^ King, Thomas W. (1999). Modern Morse Code in Rehabilitation and Education. Allyn & Bacon. p. 77. ISBN 0-205-28751-4.
Jump up ^ Brace, Ernest C. (May 2, 2008). "Messages From John". JohnMcCain.com. Archived from the original on December 1, 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-26.
Jump up ^ https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0096438/quotes?qt=qt0406091
Jump up ^ Bartholomew, Dave, "The King Sides" Collectables (CD) 2883, 2004
Jump up ^ Cleveland, Barry (Sep 1, 2002). "It Happened This Month". OnStageMag.com. Archived from the original on May 27, 2009. Retrieved 2008-11-26.
Jump up ^ "Cantata 'Blaus Gras'". The Peter Schickele/P.D.Q. Bach Web Site. July 3, 2011. Retrieved 2012-12-07.
Jump up ^ http://www.mcgath.com/pdq.html#3.14159265
Jump up ^ Gerrard, Arthur Bryson (ed.) (1980). Cassell's Colloquial Spanish, 3rd revised ed. London: Cassell Ltd. p. 60. ISBN 0-304-07943-X. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ https://sites.google.com/a/sdgscolaire.com/educateur-en-milieu-scolaire/trucs-et-astuces/obtenir-le-silence/chip-chocolat-gomme-peannut. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ Sola i Ramos, Elisa (December 1999). "PROVERBIS, DITES I FRASES FETES DE BLANES" (PDF). Servei de Català de Blanes (CPNL). Retrieved March 2016. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
External links[edit]
Description
Dutch article on "Shave and a haircut"
Sheet music for "At A Darktown Cakewalk" from the IN Harmony system at Indiana University
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shave_and_a_Haircut&oldid=849982914"
Categories:
Looney Tunes
Rhythm and meter
Riffs
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list
Pages with citations lacking titles
Pages with citations having bare URLs
CS1 errors: dates
Articles with hAudio microformats
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from September 2012
Articles with unsourced statements from October 2013
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Català
Dansk
Italiano
日本語
Português
Edit links
This page was last edited on 12 July 2018, at 19:13 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

value: img

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

attrs: href class title

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value: span

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help
mw-redirect
Wikipedia:Media help

values:
/wiki/Triplet_(music)
mw-redirect
Triplet (music)

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2012)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values: File:Shave and a Haircut in G chords.mid

values:
/wiki/Quadratic_alphabet_code
mw-redirect
Quadratic alphabet code

values:
/wiki/Phrase_(music)
mw-redirect
Phrase (music)

values:
/wiki/Run_(music)
mw-redirect
Run (music)

values: List of Who Framed Roger Rabbit characters

values:
/wiki/Billy_Jones_(singer)
mw-redirect
Billy Jones (singer)

values:
/wiki/My_Ding-A-Ling
mw-redirect
My Ding-A-Ling

values: The Short-Tempered Clavier and Other Dysfunctional Works for Keyboard

values: Everything About You (Ugly Kid Joe song)

values: position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 110px; right: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 0px; width: 0px;

values: left: 50%; top: 50%; margin-left: -35px; margin-top: -27.5px;

values: width:220px width: 220px; position: relative;

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2013)

values: Nas de barraca sant boi (page does not exist)

values: Category:CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list

values:
nofollow
http://www.hum.uva.nl/mmm/groene/
external text

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:Pages with citations lacking titles

values: Category:Pages with citations having bare URLs

values: Category:Articles with hAudio microformats

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2012

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2013

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Shave_and_a_Haircut
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: ひげ剃りとカット25セント – Japanese

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Shave_and_a_Haircut rootpage-Shave_and_a_Haircut skin-vector action-view


text:
Nonpossessory interest in land
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Property law
Part of the common law series
Types
Real property
Personal property
Acquisition
Gift
Adverse possession
Deed

Conquest
Discovery
Accession
Lost, mislaid, and abandoned property
Treasure trove
Bailment
License
Alienation
Estates in land
Allodial title
Fee simple
Fee tail

Life estate
Defeasible estate
Future interest
remainder
Concurrent estate
Leasehold estate
Condominiums
Real estate
Conveyancing
Bona fide purchaser
Torrens title

Strata title
Deeds registration
Estoppel by deed
Quitclaim deed

Mortgage
Equitable conversion
Action to quiet title
Escheat
Future use control
Restraint on alienation
Rule against perpetuities
Rule in Shelley's Case
Doctrine of worthier title
Nonpossessory interest
Lien
Easement
Profit
Usufruct
Covenant
Equitable servitude
Related topics
Fixtures
Waste
Partition
Practicing without a license

Property rights
Mineral rights
Water rights
prior appropriation
riparian
Lateral and subjacent support
Assignment
Nemo dat
Quicquid plantatur
Conflict of property laws
Blackacre
Security deposit
Other common law areas
Contract law
Tort law
Wills, trusts and estates
Criminal law
Evidence
v
t
e
A nonpossessory interest in land is a term of the law of property to describe any of a category of rights held by one person to use land that is in the possession of another. Such rights can generally be created in one of two ways: either by an express agreement between the party who owns the land and the party who seeks to own the interest; or by an order of a court.
Under the common law, there are five variations of such rights. These are:
easements
profits
restrictive covenants
equitable servitudes, and
licenses.

This law-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
v
t
e
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nonpossessory_interest_in_land&oldid=755131793"
Categories:
Property law
Real property law
Law stubs
Hidden categories:
Articles lacking sources from December 2009
All articles lacking sources
All stub articles
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Add links
This page was last edited on 16 December 2016, at 11:44 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

value: td

attrs: href title

value: b

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

value: i

value: small

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced

values:
/wiki/Conflict_of_property_laws
mw-redirect
Conflict of property laws

values: float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%

values:
/wiki/Profit_(real_estate)
mw-redirect
Profit (real estate)

values:
/wiki/Restrictive_covenants
mw-redirect
Restrictive covenants

values:
/wiki/Equitable_servitudes
mw-redirect
Equitable servitudes

values: position: absolute; right: 15px; display: none;

values:
metadata plainlinks stub
presentation
background:transparent

values: Category:Articles lacking sources from December 2009

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Nonpossessory_interest_in_land
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Nonpossessory_interest_in_land rootpage-Nonpossessory_interest_in_land skin-vector action-view


text:
McDonald's Monopoly
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience. Please help by spinning off or relocating any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against Wikipedia's inclusion policy. (March 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The Obesity Game
The promotion has used other names, such as Monopoly: Pick Your Prize! (2001), Monopoly Best Chance Game (2003–2005), Monopoly/Millionaire Game, Prize Vault (2013-2014), Money Monopoly (2016-), Coast To Coast (2015-) in Canada, Golden Chances in the UK (2015-), Prize Choice in the UK (2016-), Win Win in the UK (2017-) and Wiiiin!! in the UK (2018-).[citation needed]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Fraud
2 Gameplay
2.1 Coupon pieces
2.2 Products with game pieces
2.3 Rare pieces in US/Canada
2.3.1 Germany
2.4 Online games
2.5 Restrictions
3 References
4 External links
History[edit]
The promotion has been offered in the United States, Canada,[1] Australia, Austria, France, Germany, Hong Kong, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Taiwan, and United Kingdom since 1987. Argentina and Brazil were included in 2013 as well as Ireland in 2016. From 2003-2009, Best Buy was involved in the U.S. version, and later in the Canadian version.
Like many merchants, McDonald's offered sweepstakes to draw customers into its restaurants. Laws generally forbid a company from administering its own contests, in order to prevent fraud and to ensure that all prizes are given away. McDonald's had a relationship with Simon Worldwide Inc., which was responsible for the distribution of the contest pieces and the awarding of major prizes.
In 2015, the Monopoly game was replaced in the US by "Game Time Gold", using an NFL theme.[2] In 2016, the Monopoly game returned, but has not since.
Fraud[edit]
In 2000, the U.S. promotion was halted after fraud was uncovered. A subcontracting company called Simon Marketing (a then-subsidiary of Cyrk), which had been hired by McDonald's to organize and promote the game, failed to recognize a flaw in its procedures. Chief of security Jerome P. Jacobson[3] was able to remove the most expensive game pieces, which he then passed to associates who would redeem them and share the proceeds. The associates won almost all of the top prizes between 1995 and 2000, including McDonald's giveaways that did not have the Monopoly theme. The associates netted over $24 million. While the fraud appeared to have been perpetrated by only one key employee of the promotion company, and not by the company's management, eight people were originally arrested, leading to a total of 21 indicted individuals.[4] The relationship between McDonald's and Simon Marketing broke down in a pair of lawsuits over breach of contract, eventually settled out of court, with McDonald's' claim being thrown out and Simon receiving $16.6 million.[5] Due to a constitutional violation, four of those convicted of the fraud were later released as they were not initially charged with the offense.[6]
In 1995, St. Jude Children's Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee received an anonymous letter postmarked Dallas, Texas which contained a $1 million winning game piece. Although game rules prohibited the transfer of prizes, McDonald's waived the rule and made its last $50,000 annuity payment in 2014.[7] Investigations later indicated that Jacobson had admitted to sending the winning piece to the hospital.[8]
Gameplay[edit]
Example of a variety of tokens from the UK version of the game, 2014 (serial numbers censored)
The promotion mimics the game Monopoly. Originally, customers received a set of two tokens with every purchase, but now tokens come only with certain menu items. Tokens correspond to a property space on the Monopoly board (with the exception of the Golden Avenue/Arches Avenue "properties", which were added in the 2008 edition; and Electric Company/Water Works utilities added in 2014). When combined into color-matched properties, the tokens may be redeemed for money. Historically, the grand prize ($1 million, annuity only) has been the combination of the two most costly properties, Park Place and Boardwalk, but in the 2006–2007 games the top prize ($5 million, with the traditional $1 million prize for Boardwalk/Park Place) was awarded for collecting the four railroads. There are also "instant win" tokens the recipient can redeem for McDonald's food (typically small menu items, such as a free small McFlurry or medium fries) but never for any food item that has game pieces, money, or other prizes. The 2001 edition was titled "Pick Your Prize!", in which winners could choose which of three ways they wanted their prize awarded to them (i.e. they could choose if they wanted their $1 million in gold, diamonds, or $50,000 per year for 20 years). In 2016, the game changed where all available prizes were cash, including the $1 million for Park Place and Boardwalk, and was titled "Money Monopoly".
Coupon pieces[edit]
Additionally, in the 2005 edition, certain foods always came with one coupon which could be used at either Best Buy, Toys R Us, or Foot Locker (including online stores). The value of each coupon was random, with Toys R Us coupons ranging from $1 to $5; up to $5 in coupons could be used in a single transaction. In 2008, these coupons were redeemed for up to 25% off any Foot Locker item(s). Since 2009, the promotion has not featured any coupons.
Products with game pieces[edit]
As of 2017 (Canada) and 2016 (US), the following products contained game pieces:
Canada[9]
USA[10]
Big Mac (Single/Double) Big Mac
Chicken McNuggets (10/20 pc.)
McChicken Sandwich
Angus sandwiches (Bacon Cheddar/Mighty/Smokehouse) Filet-O-Fish
Medium French Fries
Medium & Large Hot McCafe Beverages
Medium & Large Soft Drink Cups/Milkshakes Medium Soft Drink Cups
Coffee (Medium/Large/X-Large)
Muffin
McMuffin Sandwiches (except Sausage McMuffin)
Hashbrowns
Quarter Pounder with Cheese/BLT sandwiches (Single/Double)
Signature McWraps
Regular McFlurry
Breakfast McWraps Biscuit Sandwiches (except Sausage Biscuit)
Canadian and US laws require that game pieces be available upon request with no purchase necessary (Alternative Method of Entry, "AMOE"), and can be requested by the mailing of a handwritten, self-addressed stamped envelope.[10]
Rare pieces in US/Canada[edit]
The rare collectible pieces that dictate the odds of winning are as follows:
Property
2017 Canadian Name*****[11]
2017 code
2017 prize
2016 code
2016 prize
2014 code
2014 prize
2013 code
2013 prize
2012 code
2012 prize
2011 code
2011 prize
2010 code
2010 prize
2009 code
2009 prize
2008 code
2008 prize
2007 code
2007 prize
Mediterranean Avenue Rideau Canal 801 CN$150,000 601 $50 ($100 in Canada) 501 $50 (Paid in McDonald's Gift Cards in Canada) 431/461 $1,000 ($25 McDonald's Gift Card in Canada) 925 $50 (Paid in McDonald's Gift Cards in Canada) 321 $50 (Paid in McDonald's Gift Cards in Canada) 750 $50 (Paid in McDonald's Gift Cards in Canada) 101 $50 (Paid in McDonald's Gift Cards in Canada) 251 $100 801 $50
Vermont Avenue Mackenzie River 804 2 Yamaha SnoScoot Snowmobiles & two 250 Yamabucks gift cards 604 $1,000 (Berkley Family Equipment Package in Canada) 504 Shell fuel for 1 Year ($2,500 in Canada) 434/464 $5,000 ($50 McDonald's Gift Card in Canada) 928 $5,000 324 $100 753 104 254 804
Virginia Avenue Percé Rock 806 CN$10,000 608 $2,000 ($10,000 in Canada) 508 $5,000 438/468 $10,000 ($20,000 in Canada) 932 Beach Resort Vacation 328 $200 Spa Certificate 757 108 258 808
Tennessee Avenue Tunnels of Moose Jaw 811 Cineplex Premiere Card for winner & guest for 1 year 610 $5,000 (Cineplex Premiére Card in Canada) 510 Softcard Mobile Wallet Prize + $2,500 for wireless service ($5,000 Wal-Mart Gift Card in Canada) 440/470 EA Sports Super Bowl XLVIII trip for 2 ($5,000 Wal-Mart Gift Card in Canada) 934 $10,000 330 Beach Resort Vacation 759 $1,000 110 $5,000 260 $5,000 810 $5,000
Kentucky Avenue Confederation Bridge 812 CN$5,000 in Prepaid MasterCard Gift Card 612 $10,000 ($5,000 in Vanilla Prepaid Gift Cards in Canada) 512 Any Delta Air Lines Vacations Destination for 2 442/472 Any Delta Air Lines Destination for 2 936 Any Delta Air Lines Destination for 2 332 $50,000 761 Beaches Resorts Vacation 112 $10,000 262 $10,000 812 $10,000
Ventnor Avenue Whistler 817 Cabela's Camping Package 616 $25,000 (Polaris Snowmobile in Canada) 516 Beaches Resorts Vacation 446/476 $20,000 ($10,000 in Canada) 940 $20,000 336 $100,000 765 $25,000 116 $25,000 266 $25,000 816 $25,000
Pennsylvania Avenue Portage and Memorial 820 CN$2,000 Hudson's Bay Gift Card 620 $50,000 ($2,000 Hudson's Bay Gift Card in Canada) 520 Cessna Private Jet Trip 450/480 2014 Fiat 500L (2013 Fiat POP in Canada) 944 2013 Fiat 500 Sport Hatchback 340 2012 Nissan Leaf or 2012 Nissan 370z 769 $50,000 120 $50,000 270 $50,000 820 $50,000
Boardwalk Le Château Frontenac 821 2018 Volkswagen Atlas SUV 622 $1,000,000 (annuity, 2017 Volkswagen Golf SportsWagen in Canada) 522 $1,000,000 (annuity) 452/482 $1,000,000 (annuity, $100,000 for Canada) 946 $1,000,000 (annuity) 342 $1,000,000 (annuity) 771 $1,000,000 (annuity) 122 $1,000,000 (annuity) 274 $1,000,000 (annuity) 822 $1,000,000 (annuity)
Short Line Vancouver International Airport 826 3,000 WestJet Dollars 626 $500 (A "dream vacation" in Canada) 526 $5,000 Target Shopping Experience on Black Friday ($1,000 in Canada) 456/486 Shell Fuel for 1 Year ($5,000 in Canada) 950 EA SPORTS Fan Trip Championship Get-A-Way 346 EA SPORTS Trip 775 EA SPORTS Trip 126 $500 278 $500 826 $5,000,000 (annuity)
Reading Railroad Route Transcan Highway 828 Shell "Fuel for a Year"
Water Works*** 527 $10,000
Golden Avenue** 271 $100,000
Free Parking**** ??? $100,000
Note that the rare piece is alphabetically the last property in each group, except for Boardwalk. In 2013, McDonald's allowed two Boardwalk pieces to be produced, previously there was only one produced.
[*] Until 2007, Mediterranean and Baltic Avenues were dark purple properties on the traditional Monopoly board; since 2008, it has been brown.
[**] McDonald's added Golden Avenue and Arches Avenue for 2008 only; obtaining both won $100,000.
[***] Electric Company & Water Works were added for 2014; obtaining both won $10,000.
[****] One Free Parking $100,000 prize was seeded on each of the following in only the US Territory: Bacon Clubhouse (1 in 9,836,000), Filet-O-Fish (1 in 19,585,000), Big Mac (1 in 45,000,000) and Large Fries (1 in 150,254,000)[12]
[*****] In 2016, the Canadian version replaced all properties with Canadian landmarks (such as replacing Boardwalk with Le Château Frontenac, and swapping Kentucky Avenue with the Confederation Bridge) and replaced all train stations with well-known Canadian airports, including Toronto Pearson International Airport and Vancouver International Airport.
Germany[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The German version of the rare piece list is as follows:
Property
2009 code
2009 prize
2009 number awarded
Jackpot ??? 1 each of the below + 1 each of the instant win prizes. 1x 0 property 1 instant
Turmstraße 902 Monopoly Game set. 1000x 340 property 660 instant
Elisenstraße & Poststraße 904 & 905 €1,000 Prepaid Visa Card 1000x 950 property 50 instant
Hafenstraße 907 LG Netbook 500x 170 property 330 instant
Wiener Straße & Berliner Straße 910 & 911 Audi A3 Cabriolet 100x 90 property 10 instant
Museumstraße 913 Nintendo Wii with Avatar the game 777x 259 property 518 instant
Schillerstraße 916 MSC cruise for two 5x 2 property 3 instant
Hauptstraße 919 ETI dream vacation to Egypt 100x 34 property 66 instant
Parkstraße 921 Hercules Mountain Bike 100x 34 property 66 instant
Südbahnhof & Westbahnhof 932 & 924 €100,000 from Visa 10x 10 property 0 instant
In addition to the property pieces, there are also Instant Win pieces for a Samsung MP3 player, a LG Touchscreen cellphone, €150 gift certificates to S.Oliver, a JBL iPod dock, a Funai Flatscreen television, Nikon digital camera, Noxon internet radio, and SnowTrex one-week ski vacation for two.
Online games[edit]
In 2005, McDonald's introduced an online counterpart to its traditional game. In addition to the traditional "sticker" game, participants can play online. Each game piece lists a code which can be entered online, to a maximum of 10 entries per 24 hours, a day starts at midnight EDT. Up to 2014, each code entered grants the user one roll on a virtual Monopoly game board, identical to the board game's board. Rolling "doubles" (two dice sharing the same number), as with the real board game, allows the user to move again.
Landing on Electric Company, Income Tax, Jail/Just Visiting, Go to Jail, Water Works, or Luxury Tax does not count towards any prize. If a player lands on an unowned property (not landed upon by the player in a previous turn), the user will "collect" that property. When all properties of a colored set are collected, the user wins a prize, with prize values similar to those of the sticker game. In addition to collecting property sets, users can also win by landing on certain "instant win" spaces, including Go, Chance, Community Chest, and Free Parking. Landing on Go (but not simply passing it) gives the player a code worth one free hour of WiFi access at participating McDonald's restaurants. Landing on Chance is worth money to spend at Foot Locker. Landing on Community Chest allows the user to be given a code worth 25 My Coke Rewards points. Landing on Free Parking is a prize of a $50 refillable gas card from Shell, or alternatively 25 complimentary apple pies.
In 2007, landing on Community Chest won game downloads.[13]
In 2009, the prizes became two hours of Wi-Fi and a $25 Arch Card for landing on Go, an entry into an online roll for $1,000,000 (annuity) for landing on Chance, 25 My Coke Rewards points for landing on Community Chest, and a $50 refillable Shell gift card for landing on Free Parking.
The values of the dice are not random. As stated in the contest rules, one property in each set is "rare," similar to the sticker game. These rare properties are landed on only when the game server "seeds" a winning roll. Winning rolls are seeded at specific times on specific dates, and the first user to roll the dice once a win has been seeded will land on a winning piece. This allows McDonald's to declare the odds of winning certain prizes, a legal requirement for contests in most jurisdictions.
In 2010, the online game was changed, removing the dice and the game board, presenting only 3 Chance cards from which to pick. One has a prize, starting at 30 My Coke Rewards points, but may be (non-randomly) seeded with a higher-valued prize. Player chooses one card, is asked if that is the choice the player wants to make, and the card is flipped. If it is the pre-selected winning card, the player wins the pre-selected prize.
In 2011, the game was changed again – the mascot, Rich Uncle Pennybags (aka "Mr. Monopoly"), is shown attempting to throw a Chance card into a top hat. If the card lands in the hat, the player can claim a prize. Players must choose a "throwing style", which only changes the animations used – it does nothing to affect one's odds of winning.
In 2012, the game was changed once more. Players must click on "Spin" first, and if it landed on "GO!", the player wins the online prize shown. The next year, players had to click on "Play"; a win resulted in the prize shown onscreen; regardless of the outcome, players received an entry to win a 2013 Fiat 500 Cabrio. For the 2014 game, players must click on "GO!", and if it results in a win, the online prize is shown onscreen; regardless of the outcome, the participant receives an entry to win $50,000.
In 2016, players can enter up to ten codes daily in order to win weekly sweepstakes with a $50,000 grand prize.
Restrictions[edit]
For all versions of the online game, players are restricted to a set number of online entries per day.[14] In the UK, this is restricted to 24 entries. In USA, Guam, Puerto Rico, and Saipan, the limit is 10.
Players in the UK must be aged 16 years or older.
Note that the official rules state: "The purchase, sale, trading, or barter of Game Pieces, Game Stamps, FREE Codes or Game Codes via Online or live auctions, or any other methods, does not constitute Legitimate Channels and is expressly prohibited."[14] This includes eBay.com, where it is also a violation of that site's lottery policy.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Business Insider". Business Insider. October 24, 2011. Retrieved October 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ McDonald's Plays on Love for NFL Teams in New Giveaway Game November 2015
Jump up ^ Stout, David (August 22, 2001). "Eight Charged With Rigging McDonald's Prize Contests". The New York Times. Retrieved March 8, 2015.
Jump up ^ Associated Press. Twenty-one indicted in McDonald's scam, St. Petersburg Times, September 11, 2001.
Jump up ^ "McDonald's to Pay Simon $16.6 Million Settlement". New York Times. August 20, 2003. Retrieved February 10, 2014.
Jump up ^ "USA Today". USA Today. July 20, 2004. Retrieved February 10, 2014.
Jump up ^ Donor Turns Fast Food Into Big Bucks For Hospital, The New York Times.
Jump up ^ St. Judes' Mystery Million Came From Embezzler, CNN transcript, September 11, 2001.
Jump up ^ "Official Rules". McDonald's Monopoly Sweepstakes. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "2016 Money MONOPOLY Game at McDonald's | Online Game". Playatmcd.com. March 22, 2016. Retrieved March 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ https://mcdpromotion.ca/en-ca/OfficialRules
Jump up ^ http://news.mcdonalds.com/getattachment/75e01167-bc36-46e9-9ce0-29b5a249659f
Jump up ^ "Monopoly at McDonalds". Bizzia.com. October 9, 2007. Archived from the original on July 11, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "Official Rules". McDonald's Monopoly. Retrieved January 17, 2013.
External links[edit]
McDonalds Monopoly UK 2015 at the Wayback Machine (archived October 29, 2015)
[show]
v
t
e
McDonald's
History
Advertising
ad programs
Countries with franchises
Legal cases
Product list
International availability
People
Richard and Maurice McDonald
Ray Kroc
Joan Kroc
Ralph Alvarez
Charlie Bell
Al Bernardin
Jim Cantalupo
George Cohon
Dan Coudreaut
Steve Easterbrook
Janice L. Fields
Den Fujita
Don Gorske
Jack M. Greenberg
Eikō Harada
June Martino
Herb Peterson
Michael R. Quinlan
Ed Rensi
Willard Scott
James A. Skinner
Donald N. Smith
Harry J. Sonneborn
Don Thompson
Fred L. Turner
Company
Hamburger University
Leaps and Bounds
McBarge
McCafé
McDonald's #1 Store Museum
McDonald's (Will Rogers Turnpike)
Oldest McDonald's restaurant
Rock N Roll McDonald's
Ronald McDonald House Charities
Products
Beef
Big Mac
Big N' Tasty
Deluxe line
Kiwiburger
Quarter Pounder (McRoyal)
Chicken
Chicken McNuggets
Buttermilk Crispy Tenders
McChicken
Snack Wrap
Other
Deli Choices
Filet-O-Fish
Georgie Pie
Happy Meal
McArabia
McFlurry
McGriddles
McMuffin
McRib
Premium line
Shamrock Shake
Former
Arch Deluxe
Fruit and Walnut Salad
McAfrika
Advertising
Campaigns
Changeables
Global Gladiators
Golden Arches
Mac Tonight
McDonaldland
McDonald's Monopoly
McDonald's Treasure Land Adventure
M.C. Kids
McKids
Ronald McDonald
Teenie Beanies
The Wacky Adventures of Ronald McDonald
Sponsorships
Kyle Larson (NASCAR)
Jamie McMurray (NASCAR)
Graham Rahal (IndyCar Series)
McDonald's All-American Game
McDonald's Championship
McDonald's Championship (golf)
McDonald's Cycle Center
McDonald's Gospelfest
McDonald's Olympic Swim Stadium
Related
Burger wars
Donald Land
Fast food advertising
Mac and Me (1988 film)
McDonald's sign (Pine Bluff, Arkansas)
Supersize
Branches
Canada
Israel
New Zealand
Criticism
Fast Food Nation (film)
McDonaldization
McDonald's Video Game
McJob
McRefugee
McLibel
Maxime, McDuff & McDo
Super Size Me
Don't Eat This Book
Legal cases
Liebeck v. McDonald's Restaurants
Magee v. McDonald's
McDonald's Restaurants v. Morris & Steel
Sid & Marty Krofft Television Productions Inc. v. McDonald's Corp.
Related
McDelivery
Big Mac Index
Bill Elliott
McDonald's Young Entertainers
McWords
San Ysidro McDonald's massacre
"Seriously McDonalds"
Sydney River McDonald's murders
Taiwan McDonald's bombings
Urban legends
Boom, Like That
The Founder (2016 film)
[show]
v
t
e
Monopoly
History
History of Monopoly
Chance and Community Chest cards
Game designers
and early publishers
Elizabeth "Lizzie" Magie
Scott Nearing
Charles Darrow
Related games
Anti-Monopoly
The Landlord's Game
Easy Money
Finance
Hasbro Monopoly
and licensees
Monopoly
Parker Brothers
Milton Bradley
Hasbro
Waddingtons
Winning Moves
Get Out of Jail Free card
Rich Uncle Pennybags
Monopoly money
Modern variants
Licensed and localized editions
My Monopoly
Monopoly: The Mega Edition
Monopoly City
Spin-off games
Board/dice games
Monopoly Junior
Advance to Boardwalk
Don't Go to Jail (Monopoly Express)
Card games
Free Parking
Waterworks
Monopoly: The Card Game
Express Monopoly
Monopoly Deal
Monopoly on television
1990 game show
Monopoly Millionaires' Club
Family Game Night
Monopoly metaphors
and idioms
"Do not pass Go. Do not collect $200."
"Get Out of Jail Free card"
"Monopoly money"
See also
Ralph Anspach
McDonald's Monopoly
Late for the Sky
Pinball game
Monopoly Tycoon
Monopoly Party
Video games
London Monopoly locations
Monopoly City Streets
The Mad Magazine Game
Monopoly Millionaires' Club
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=McDonald%27s_Monopoly&oldid=843609818"
Categories:
McDonald's advertising
Monopoly (game)
Games and sports introduced in 1987
Hidden categories:
Wikipedia articles needing style editing from March 2016
All articles needing style editing
Wikipedia articles that are excessively detailed from March 2016
All articles that are excessively detailed
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from April 2016
Articles needing additional references from April 2012
All articles needing additional references
Webarchive template wayback links
Use mdy dates from December 2017
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Add links
This page was last edited on 30 May 2018, at 07:56.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: tr

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-overly_detailed

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Cyrk_(Company)
mw-redirect
Cyrk (Company)

values:
/wiki/Tunnels_of_Moose_Jaw
mw-redirect
Tunnels of Moose Jaw

values:
/wiki/Annuity_(finance_theory)
mw-redirect
Annuity (finance theory)

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced

values:
nofollow
http://www.hercules-bikes.de/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://MCDPromotion.ca/OfficialRules

values:
nofollow
external text
http://PlayAtMCD.om

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.playatmcd.com/Rules

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: List of countries with McDonald's restaurants

values: International availability of McDonald's products

values:
/wiki/Janice_L._Fields
mw-redirect
Janice L. Fields

values:
/wiki/Deli_Choices
mw-redirect
Deli Choices

values:
/wiki/Magee_v._McDonald%27s
mw-redirect
Magee v. McDonald's

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: navigation navbox McDonald's padding:3px

values:
/wiki/Elizabeth_Magie
mw-redirect
Elizabeth Magie

values: List of licensed and localized editions of Monopoly

values: Monopoly Millionaires' Club (U.S. game show)

values:
/wiki/Monopoly_Party
mw-redirect
Monopoly Party

values:
/wiki/Monopoly_City_Streets
mw-redirect
Monopoly City Streets

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Games and sports introduced in 1987

values: Category:Wikipedia articles needing style editing from March 2016

values: Category:All articles needing style editing

values: Category:Wikipedia articles that are excessively detailed from March 2016

values: Category:All articles that are excessively detailed

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2016

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from April 2012

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:Use mdy dates from December 2017

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values:
/wiki/McDonald%27s_Monopoly
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-McDonald_s_Monopoly rootpage-McDonald_s_Monopoly skin-vector action-view


text:
Borders of the oceans
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
The limits of the Earth's oceanic waters
Maps exhibiting the world's oceanic waters. A continuous body of water encircling the Earth, the world (global) ocean is divided into a number of principal areas. Five oceanic divisions are usually recognized: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, and Southern; the last two listed are sometimes consolidated into the first three.
The borders of the oceans are the limits of the Earth's oceanic waters. The definition and number of oceans can vary depending on the adopted criteria.
Contents
1 Overview
2 Arctic Ocean
2.1 Notes
3 Atlantic Ocean
3.1 North Atlantic
3.2 South Atlantic
3.3 Notes
4 Indian Ocean
4.1 Notes
5 Pacific Ocean
5.1 North Pacific
5.2 South Pacific
5.3 Notes
6 Southern or Antarctic Ocean
7 See also
8 References
Overview[edit]
Though generally described as several separate oceans, the world's oceanic waters constitute one global, interconnected body of salt water sometimes referred to as the World Ocean or global ocean.[1][2] This concept of a continuous body of water with relatively free interchange among its parts is of fundamental importance to oceanography.[3]
The major oceanic divisions are defined in part by the continents, various archipelagos, and other criteria. The principal divisions (in descending order of area) are the: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern (Antarctic) Ocean, and Arctic Ocean. Smaller regions of the oceans are called seas, gulfs, bays, straits, and other names.
Geologically, an ocean is an area of oceanic crust covered by water. Oceanic crust is the thin layer of solidified volcanic basalt that covers the Earth's mantle. Continental crust is thicker but less dense. From this perspective, the Earth has three oceans: the World Ocean, the Caspian Sea,[citation needed] and the Black Sea. The latter two were formed by the collision of Cimmeria with Laurasia. The Mediterranean Sea is at times a discrete ocean, because tectonic plate movement has repeatedly broken its connection to the World Ocean through the Strait of Gibraltar. The Black Sea is connected to the Mediterranean through the Bosporus, but the Bosporus is a natural canal cut through continental rock some 7,000 years ago, rather than a piece of oceanic sea floor like the Strait of Gibraltar.
Despite their names, some smaller landlocked "seas" are not connected with the World Ocean, such as the Caspian Sea (which is nevertheless, geologically, itself a full-fledged ocean—see above) and numerous salt lakes such as the Aral Sea.
A complete hierarchy showing which seas belong to which oceans, according to the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) and for the whole planet, is available at the European Marine Gazetteer website.[4] See also the list of seas article for the seas included in each ocean area. Also note there are many varying definitions of the world's seas and no single authority.
The borders of the Arctic Ocean, according to the CIA The World Factbook[5] (blue area), and as defined by the IHO (black outline - excluding marginal waterbodies).
Arctic Ocean[edit]
The Arctic Ocean covers much of the Arctic and washes upon northern North America and Eurasia and is sometimes considered a sea or estuary of the Atlantic.[6][7]
The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) defines the limits of the Arctic Ocean (excluding the seas it contains) as follows:[8]
Between Greenland and West Spitzbergen [sic] — The Northern limit of Greenland Sea.[Ar 1]
Between West Spitzbergen and North East Land — the parallel of lat. 80°N.
From Cape Leigh Smith to Cape Kohlsaat — the Northern limit of Barentsz Sea [sic].[Ar 2]
From Cape Kohlsaat to Cape Molotov — the Northern limit of Kara Sea.[Ar 3]
From Cape Molotov to the Northern extremity of Kotelni Island — the Northern limit of Laptev Sea.[Ar 4]
From the Northern extremity of Kotelni Island to the Northern point of Wrangel Island — the Northern limit of East Siberian Sea.[Ar 5]
From the Northern point of Wrangel Island to Point Barrow — the Northern limit of Chuckchi Sea [sic].[Ar 6]
From Point Barrow to Cape Land's End on Prince Patrick Island — the Northern limit of Beaufort Sea,[Ar 7] through the Northwest coast of Prince Patrick Island to Cape Leopold M'Clintock, thence to Cape Murray (Brook Island) and along the Northwest coast to the extreme Northerly point; to Cape Mackay (Borden Island); through the Northwesterly coast of Borden Island to Cape Malloch, to Cape Isachsen (Ellef Ringnes Island); to the Northwest point of Meighen Island to Cape Stallworthy (Axel Heiberg Island) to Cape Colgate the extreme West point of Ellesmere Island; through the North shore of Ellesmere Island to Cape Columbia thence a line to Cape Morris Jesup (Greenland).
Note that these definitions exclude any marginal waterbodies that are separately defined by the IHO (such as the Kara Sea and East Siberian Sea), though these are usually considered to be part of the Arctic Ocean.
The CIA defines the limits of the Arctic Ocean differently, as depicted in the map comparing its definition to the IHO's definition.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "A line joining the Northernmost point of Spitzbergen [sic] [Svalbard] to the Northernmost point of Greenland".
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "Cape Leigh Smith across the Islands Bolshoy Ostrov (Great Island) [Storøya], Gilles [Kvitøya] and Victoria; Cape Mary Harmsworth (Southwestern extremity of Alexandra Land) along the northern coasts of Franz-Josef Land as far as Cape Kohlsaat (81°14′N 65°10′E / 81.233°N 65.167°E / 81.233; 65.167)".
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "Cape Kohlsaat to Cape Molotov (81°16′N 93°43′E / 81.267°N 93.717°E / 81.267; 93.717) (Northern extremity of Severnaya Zemlya on Komsomolets Island)".
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "A line joining Cape Molotov to the Northern extremity of Kotelni Island (76°10′N 138°50′E / 76.167°N 138.833°E / 76.167; 138.833)".
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "A line from the Northernmost point of Wrangel Island (179°30'W) to the Northern sides of the De Long Islands (including Henrietta and Jeannette Islands) and Bennett Island, thence to the Northern extremity of Kotelni Island".
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "A line from Point Barrow, Alaska (71°20′N 156°20′W / 71.333°N 156.333°W / 71.333; -156.333) to the Northernmost point of Wrangel Island (179°30'W)".
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "A line from Point Barrow, Alaska, to Lands End, Prince Patrick Island (76°16′N 124°08′W / 76.267°N 124.133°W / 76.267; -124.133)".
Atlantic Ocean[edit]
The Atlantic Ocean, according to the CIA The World Factbook[9] (blue area), and as defined by the IHO (black outline - excluding marginal waterbodies).
The Atlantic Ocean separates the Americas from Europe and Africa. It may be further subdivided by the equator into northern and southern portions.
North Atlantic[edit]
The 3rd edition, currently in force, of the International Hydrographic Organization's (IHO) Limits of Oceans and Seas defines the limits of the North Atlantic Ocean (excluding the seas it contains) as follows:[8]
On the West. The Eastern limits of the Caribbean Sea,[At 1] the Southeastern limits of the Gulf of Mexico[At 2] from the North coast of Cuba to Key West, the Southwestern limit of the Bay of Fundy[At 3] and the Southeastern and Northeastern limits of the Gulf of St. Lawrence.[At 4]
On the North. The Southern limit of Davis Strait[At 5] from the coast of Labrador to Greenland and the Southwestern limit of the Greenland Sea[At 6] and Norwegian Sea[At 7] from Greenland to the Shetland Islands.
On the East. The Northwestern limit of the North Sea,[At 8] the Northern and Western limits of the Scottish Seas,[At 9] the Southern limit of the Irish Sea,[At 10] the Western limits of the Bristol[At 11] and English Channels,[At 12] of the Bay of Biscay[At 13] and of the Mediterranean Sea.[At 14]
On the South. The equator, from the coast of Brazil to the Southwestern limit of the Gulf of Guinea.[At 15]
South Atlantic[edit]
The 3rd edition (currently in force) of the International Hydrographic Organization's (IHO) Limits of Oceans and Seas defines the limits of the South Atlantic Ocean (excluding the seas it contains) as follows:[8]
On the Southwest. The meridian of Cape Horn, Chile (67°16'W) from Tierra del Fuego to the Antarctic Continent; a line from Cape Virgins (52°21′S 68°21′W / 52.350°S 68.350°W / -52.350; -68.350) to Cape Espiritu Santo, Tierra del Fuego, the Eastern entrance to Magellan Strait, Chile
On the West. The limit of the Rio de La Plata.[At 16]
On the North. The Southern limit of the North Atlantic Ocean.
On the Northeast. The limit of the Gulf of Guinea.[At 15]
On the Southeast. From Cape Agulhas along the meridian of 20° East to the Antarctic continent.
On the South. The Antarctic Continent.
Note that these definitions exclude any marginal waterbodies that are separately defined by the IHO (such as the Bay of Biscay and Gulf of Guinea), though these are usually considered to be part of the Atlantic Ocean.
In its 2002 draft, the IHO redefined the Atlantic Ocean, moving its southern limit to 60°S, with the waters south of that line identified as the Southern Ocean. This new definition has not yet been ratified (and, in addition, a reservation was lodged in 2003 by Australia.)[10] While the name "Southern Ocean" is frequently used, some geographic authorities such as the 10th edition of the World Atlas from the U.S. National Geographic Society generally show the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans continuing to Antarctica. If and when adopted, the 2002 definition would be published in the 4th edition of Limits of Oceans and Seas, re-instituting the 2nd edition's "Southern Ocean", omitted from the 3rd edition.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "From Point San Diego (Puerto Rico) Northward along the meridian thereof (65°39'W) to the 100 fathom line, thence Eastward and Southward, in such a manner that all islands, shoals and narrow waters of the Lesser Antilles are included in the Caribbean Sea as far as Galera Point (Northeast extremity of the island of Trinidad). From Galera Point through Trinidad to Galeota Point (Southeast extreme) and thence to Baja Point (9°32′N 61°0′W / 9.533°N 61.000°W / 9.533; -61.000) in Venezuela".
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "A line joining Cape Catoche Light (21°37′N 87°04′W / 21.617°N 87.067°W / 21.617; -87.067) with the Light on Cape San Antonio in Cuba, through this island to the meridian of 83°W and to the Northward along this meridian to the latitude of the South point of the Dry Tortugas (24°35'N), along this parallel Eastward to Rebecca Shoal (82°35'W) thence through the shoals and Florida Keys to the mainland at eastern end of Florida Bay, all the narrow waters between the Dry Tortugas and the mainland being considered to be within the Gulf".
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "A line running northwesterly from Cape St. Mary (44°05'N) Nova Scotia, through Machias Seal Island (67°06'W) and on to Little River Head (44°39'N) in the State of Maine".
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "A line from Cape Canso (45°20′N 61°0′W / 45.333°N 61.000°W / 45.333; -61.000) to Red Point (45°35′N 60°45′W / 45.583°N 60.750°W / 45.583; -60.750) in Cape Breton Island, through this Island to Cape Breton and on to Pointe Blanche (46°45′N 56°11′W / 46.750°N 56.183°W / 46.750; -56.183) in the Island of St. Pierre, and thence to the Southwest point of Morgan Island (46°51′N 55°49′W / 46.850°N 55.817°W / 46.850; -55.817)" and "A line running from Cape Bauld (North point of Kirpon Island, 51°40′N 55°25′W / 51.667°N 55.417°W / 51.667; -55.417) to the East extreme of Belle Isle and on to the Northeast Ledge (52°02′N 55°15′W / 52.033°N 55.250°W / 52.033; -55.250). Thence a line joining this ledge with the East extreme of Cape St. Charles (52°13'N) in Labrador".
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "The parallel of 60° North between Greenland and Labrador".
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "A line joining Straumness (NW extreme of Iceland) to Cape Nansen (68°15′N 29°30′W / 68.250°N 29.500°W / 68.250; -29.500) in Greenland".
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "From a point on the West coast of Norway in Latitude 61°00' North along this parallel to Longitude 0°53' West thence a line to the NE extreme of Fuglö (62°21′N 6°15′W / 62.350°N 6.250°W / 62.350; -6.250 (Fuglö)) and on to the East extreme of Gerpir (65°05′N 13°30′W / 65.083°N 13.500°W / 65.083; -13.500 (Gerpir)) in Iceland".
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "From Dunnet Head (3°22'W) in Scotland to Tor Ness (58°47'N) in the Island of Hoy, thence through this island to the Kame of Hoy (58°55'N) on to Breck Ness on Mainland (58°58'N) through this island to Costa Head (3°14'W) and to Inga Ness (59'17'N) in Westray through Westray, to Bow Head, across to Mull Head (North point of Papa Westray) and on to Seal Skerry (North point of North Ronaldsay) and thence to Horse Island (South point of the Shetland Islands)".
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "A line running from Bloody Foreland (55°10′N 8°17′W / 55.167°N 8.283°W / 55.167; -8.283) in Ireland to the West point of Tory Island, on to Barra Head, the Southwest point of the Hebrides, thence through these islands, in such a manner that the West coasts of the main islands appertain to the Atlantic Ocean and all the narrow waters appertain to the Inner Seas, as far as the Butt of Lewis (North Point), and thence to Cape Wrath (58°37'N) in Scotland".
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "A line joining St. David's Head (51°54′N 5°19′W / 51.900°N 5.317°W / 51.900; -5.317) to Carnsore Point (52°10′N 6°22′W / 52.167°N 6.367°W / 52.167; -6.367)".
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "a line joining Hartland Point [in Devon] (51°01′N 4°32′W / 51.017°N 4.533°W / 51.017; -4.533) to St. Govan's Head [in Pembrokeshire] (51°36′N 4°55′W / 51.600°N 4.917°W / 51.600; -4.917)".
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "A line joining Isle Vierge (48°38′23″N 4°34′13″W / 48.63972°N 4.57028°W / 48.63972; -4.57028) to Lands End (50°04′N 5°43′W / 50.067°N 5.717°W / 50.067; -5.717)".
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "A line joining Cap Ortegal (43°46′N 7°52′W / 43.767°N 7.867°W / 43.767; -7.867) to Penmarch Point (47°48′N 4°22′W / 47.800°N 4.367°W / 47.800; -4.367)".
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "A line joining the extremities of Cape Trafalgar (Spain) and Cape Spartel (Africa)".
^ Jump up to: a b Defined by IHO as "A line running Southeastward from Cape Palmas in Liberia to Cape Lopez (0°38′S 8°42′E / 0.633°S 8.700°E / -0.633; 8.700)".
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "A line joining Punta del Este, Uruguay (34°58.5′S 54°57.5′W / 34.9750°S 54.9583°W / -34.9750; -54.9583) and Cabo San Antonio, Argentina (36°18′S 56°46′W / 36.300°S 56.767°W / -36.300; -56.767)".
Indian Ocean[edit]
The Indian Ocean, according to the CIA The World Factbook[11] (blue area), and as defined by the IHO (black outline - excluding marginal waterbodies).
The Indian Ocean washes upon southern Asia and separates Africa and Australia.
The 3rd edition, currently in force, of the International Hydrographic Organization's (IHO) Limits of Oceans and Seas defines the limits of the Indian Ocean (excluding the seas it contains) as follows:[8]
On the North. The Southern limits of the Arabian Sea[I 1] and the Lakshadweep Sea,[I 2] the Southern limit of the Bay of Bengal,[I 3] the Southern limits of the East Indian Archipelago,[I 4] and the Southern limit of the Great Australian Bight.[I 5]
On the West. From Cape Agulhas in 20° long. East, Southward along this meridian to the Antarctic Continent.
On the East. From South East Cape, the Southern point of Tasmania down the meridian 146°55'E to the Antarctic Continent.
On the South. The Antarctic Continent.
Note that this definition excludes any marginal waterbodies that are separately defined by the IHO (such as the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea), though these are usually considered to be part of the Indian Ocean.
In its 2002 draft, the IHO redefined the Indian Ocean, moving its southern limit to 60°S, with the waters south of that line identified as the Southern Ocean. This new definition has not yet been ratified (and, in addition, a reservation was lodged in 2003 by Australia.)[10] While the name "Southern Ocean" is frequently used, some geographic authorities such as the 10th edition of the World Atlas from the U.S. National Geographic Society generally show the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans continuing to Antarctica. If and when adopted, the 2002 definition would be published in the 4th edition of Limits of Oceans and Seas, re-instituting the 2nd edition's "Southern Ocean", omitted from the 3rd edition.
The boundary of the Indian Ocean is a constitutional issue for Australia. The Imperial South Australia Colonisation Act, 1834, which established and defined the Colony of South Australia defined South Australia’s southern limit as being the “Southern Ocean.” This definition was carried through to Australian constitutional law upon the Federation of Australia in 1901.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "A line running from the South extremity of Addu Atoll (Maldives), to the Eastern extreme of Ràs Hafun (Africa, 10°26'N)".
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "A line running from Dondra Head in Ceylon [Sri Lanka] to the most Southerly point of Addu Atoll".
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "Adam's Bridge (between India and Ceylon and from the Southern extreme of Dondra Head (South point of Ceylon) to the North point of Poeloe Bras (5°44′N 95°04′E / 5.733°N 95.067°E / 5.733; 95.067)".
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as the southern limits of the Java Sea ("the North and West coasts of Java to Java Hoofd (6°46′S 105°12′E / 6.767°S 105.200°E / -6.767; 105.200) its Western point, and thence a line to Vlakke Hoek (5°55′S 104°35′E / 5.917°S 104.583°E / -5.917; 104.583) the Southern extreme of Sumatra"), the Bali Sea ("A line from Tanjong Banenan through the Southern points of Balt [sic] and Noesa Islands to Tanjong Bt Gendang, the Southwest extreme of Lombok, and its South coast to Tanjong Ringgit the Southeast extreme, thence a line to Tanjong Mangkoen (9°01′S 116°43′E / 9.017°S 116.717°E / -9.017; 116.717) the Southwest extreme of Soembawa"), the Savu Sea ("By a line from the Southwest point of Timor to the Northeast point of Roti, through this island to its Southwest point, thence a line to Poeloe Dana (10°49′S 121°17′E / 10.817°S 121.283°E / -10.817; 121.283) and to Tanjong Ngoendjoe, the Southern extreme of Soemba and through this island to Tanjong Karosso, its Western point"), and the western limit of the Timor Sea ("A line from Cape Londonderry to the Southwest point of Roti Island (10°56′S 122°48′E / 10.933°S 122.800°E / -10.933; 122.800)".
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "A line joining West Cape Howe (35°08′S 117°37′E / 35.133°S 117.617°E / -35.133; 117.617) Australia to South West Cape, Tasmania".
Pacific Ocean[edit]
The Pacific Ocean according to the CIA The World Factbook[12] (blue area), and as defined by the IHO (black outline — excluding marginal waterbodies)
The Pacific is the ocean that separates Asia and Australia from the Americas. It may be further subdivided by the equator into northern and southern portions.
North Pacific[edit]
The 3rd edition, currently in force, of the International Hydrographic Organization's (IHO) Limits of Oceans and Seas defines the limits of the North Pacific Ocean (excluding the seas it contains) as follows:[8]
On the Southwest. The Northeastern limit of the East Indian Archipelago from the Equator to Luzon Island.
On the West and Northwest. The Eastern limits of the Philippine Sea[P 1] and Japan Sea[P 2] and the Southeastern limit of the Sea of Okhotsk.[P 3]
On the North. The Southern limits of the Bering Sea[P 4] and the Gulf of Alaska.[P 5]
On the East. The Western limit of Coastal waters of Southeast Alaska and Br. Columbia,[P 6] and the Southern limit of the Gulf of California.[P 7]
On the South. The Equator, but excluding those islands of the Gilbert and Galàpagos Groups which lie to the Northward thereof.
South Pacific[edit]
The 3rd edition, currently in force, of the International Hydrographic Organization's (IHO) Limits of Oceans and Seas defines the limits of the South Pacific Ocean (excluding the seas it contains) as follows:[8]
On the West. From Southeast Cape, the Southern point of Tasmania, down the meridian of 146°55'E to the Antarctic continent.
On the Southwest and Northwest. The Southern, Eastern and Northeastern limits of the Tasman Sea,[P 8][P 9][P 10] the Southeastern and Northeastern limits of the Coral Sea,[P 11][P 12] the Southern, Eastern and Northern limits of the Solomon[P 13][P 14] and Bismark [sic][P 15] seas, and the Northeastern limit of the East Indian Archipelago from New Guinea to the Equator.
On the North. The Equator, but including those islands of the Gilbert and Galàpagos Groups which lie to the Northward thereof.
On the East. The meridian of Cape Horn (67°16'W) from Tierra del Fuego to the Antarctic continent; a line from Cape Virgins (52°21′S 68°21′W / 52.350°S 68.350°W / -52.350; -68.350) to Cape Espititu Santo, Tierra del Fuego, the Eastern entrance to Magellan Strait. (These limits have not yet been officially accepted by Argentina and Chile.)
On the South. The Antarctic continent.
Note that these definitions exclude any marginal waterbodies that are separately defined by the IHO (such as the Gulf of Alaska and Coral Sea), though these are usually considered to be part of the Pacific Ocean.
In its 2002 draft, the IHO redefined the Pacific Ocean, moving its southern limit to 60°S, with the waters south of that line identified as the Southern Ocean. This new definition has not yet been ratified (and, in addition, a reservation was lodged in 2003 by Australia.)[10] While the name "Southern Ocean" is frequently used, some geographic authorities such as the 10th edition of the World Atlas from the U.S. National Geographic Society generally show the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans continuing to Antarctica. If and when adopted, the 2002 definition would be published in the 4th edition of Limits of Oceans and Seas, re-instituting the 2nd edition's "Southern Ocean", omitted from the 3rd edition.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "By the ridge joining Japan to the Bonin, Volcano and Ladrone (Mariana) Islands, all these being included in the Philippine Sea".
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "In the Tsugaru Kaikô. From the extremity of Siriya Saki (141°28'E) to the extremity of Esan Saki (41°48'N)".
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "A line running from Nosyappu Saki (Cape Noshap, 43°23'N) in the Island of Hokusyû (Yezo) through the Kuril or Tisima Islands to Cape Lopatka (South point of Kamchatka) in such a way that all the narrow waters between Hokusyû and Kamchatka are included in the Sea of Okhotsk".
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "A line running from Kabuch Point (54°48′N 163°21′W / 54.800°N 163.350°W / 54.800; -163.350) in the Alaskan Peninsula, through the Aleutian Islands to the South extremes of the Komandorski Islands and on to Cape Kamchatka in such a way that all the narrow waters between Alaska and Kamchatka are included in the Bering Sea".
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "A line drawn from Cape Spencer, the Northern limit of [the Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia] to Kabuch Point, the Southeast limit of [the Bering Sea], in such a way that all the adjacent islands are included in the Gulf of Alaska".
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "A line running westerly from Black Rock Point (50°44',5N) in Vancouver Island through the Scott Islands in such a way that all the narrow waters between these islands are included in the Coastal Waters, thence to Cape St. James (Southern extremity of Queen Charlotte Islands), through this group in the same way, then from Cape Knox (54°10′N 133°06′W / 54.167°N 133.100°W / 54.167; -133.100) Northward to the Western extreme of Langara Island and on to Point Cornwallis (132°52'W) in the Prince of Wales group, thence along the Western shores of this group, of Baranof, Kruzof, Chicagof, and Yakobi Islands, so that all the narrow waters between them are included in the coastal waters, and, finally, from Cape Bingham (58°04'N) in Yakobi Island to Cape Spencer (58°12′N 136°39′W / 58.200°N 136.650°W / 58.200; -136.650)".
Jump up ^ Defined by IHO as "A line joining Piastla Point (23°38'N) in Mexico, and the Southern extreme of Lower California".
Jump up ^ Southern limit defined by IHO as "A line joining the Southern point of Auckland Island (50°55′S 166°0′E / 50.917°S 166.000°E / -50.917; 166.000) to South East Cape, the Southern point of Tasmania"
Jump up ^ Eastern limit defined by IHO as "In Cook Strait. A line joining the South extreme of the foul ground off Cape Palliser (Ngawi) and the Lighthouse on Cape Campbell (Te Karaka)" and "In Foveaux Strait (46°45'S). A line joining the Light on Waipapapa Point [sic] (168°33'E) with East Head (47'02'S) of Stewart Island (Rakiura)."
Jump up ^ Northeastern limit defined by IHO as "From the South East Rock to the North point of Three Kings Islands (34°10′S 172°10′E / 34.167°S 172.167°E / -34.167; 172.167) thence to North Cape in New Zealand".
Jump up ^ Southeastern limit defined by IHO as "A line from the Southeastern extreme of Aneityum Island to Southeast (Nokanhui) Islets (22°46′S 167°34′E / 22.767°S 167.567°E / -22.767; 167.567) off the Southeast extreme of New Caledonia, thence through the East point of Middleton Reef to the Eastern extreme of Elizabeth Reef (29°55′S 159°02′E / 29.917°S 159.033°E / -29.917; 159.033) and down this meridian to Latitude 30° South".
Jump up ^ Northeastern limit defined by IHO as "From the Northernmost island of the Duff or Wilson Group through these islands to their Southeastern extreme, thence a line to Mera Lava, New Hebrides Islands [Vanuatu] (14°25′S 163°03′E / 14.417°S 163.050°E / -14.417; 163.050) and down the Eastern coasts of the islands of this Group to Aneityum Island (20°11′S 169°51′E / 20.183°S 169.850°E / -20.183; 169.850) in such a way that all the islands of these Groups, and the straits separating them, are included in the Coral Sea".
Jump up ^ Southern limit defined by IHO as "The Northern limit of the Coral Sea between San Cristobal Island [Makira], Solomons, and Gado-Gadoa Island, off the Southeast extreme of New Guinea, thence a line to the Southern extreme of Rennell Island and from its Eastern point to Cape Surville, the Eastern extreme of San Cristobal Island".
Jump up ^ Eastern limit definied by IHO as "By a line from the Southern point of New Ireland to the North point of Buka Island, through this island to the Northwest point of Bougainville Island, along the Southern coasts of Bougainville, Choisel [Choiseul], Ysabel [Santa Isabel], Malaita and San Cristobal Islands".
Jump up ^ North and Eastern limit defined by IHO as "By the Northern and Northeastern coasts of the islands of New Ireland, New Hanover, the Admiralty Islands, Hermit Island, and the Ninigo Group, through Manu and Aua Islands to Wuvulu Island and thence a line to Baudissin Point in New Guinea (142°02'E)".
Southern or Antarctic Ocean[edit]
The Southern Ocean according to the CIA The World Factbook[13]
The Southern Ocean contains the waters that surround Antarctica and sometimes is considered an extension of Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans.[8]
In 1928, the first edition of the International Hydrographic Organization's (IHO) Limits of Oceans and Seas publication included the Southern Ocean around Antarctica. The Southern Ocean was delineated by land-based limits - the continent of Antarctica to the south, and the continents of South America, Africa, and Australia plus Broughton Island, New Zealand in the north. The detailed land-limits used were Cape Horn in South America, Cape Agulhas in Africa, the southern coast of Australia from Cape Leeuwin, Western Australia, to South East Cape, Tasmania, via the western edge of the water body of Bass Strait, and then Broughton Island before returning to Cape Horn.[14]
The northern limits of the Southern Ocean were moved southwards in the IHO's 1937 second edition of the Limits of Oceans and Seas. The Southern Ocean then extended from Antarctica northwards to latitude 40° south between Cape Agulhas in Africa (long. 20° east) and Cape Leeuwin in Western Australia (long. 115° east), and extended to latitude 55° south between Auckland Island of New Zealand (long. 165° or 166° east) and Cape Horn in South America (long. 67° west).[15]
The Southern Ocean did not appear in the 1953 third edition because "...the northern limits ... are difficult to lay down owing to their seasonal change ... Hydrographic Offices who issue separate publications dealing with this area are therefore left to decide their own northern limits. (Great Britain uses the Latitude of 55° South)". Instead, in the IHO 1953 publication, the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans were extended southward, the Indian and Pacific Oceans (which had not previously touched pre 1953, as per the first and second editions) now abutted at the meridian of South East Cape, and the southern limits of the Great Australian Bight and the Tasman Sea were moved northwards.[16]
The IHO readdressed the question of the Southern Ocean in a survey in 2000. Of its 68 member nations, 28 responded, and all responding members except Argentina agreed to redefine the ocean, reflecting the importance placed by oceanographers on ocean currents. The proposal for the name Southern Ocean won 18 votes, beating the alternative Antarctic Ocean. Half of the votes supported a definition of the ocean's northern limit at 60°S (with no land interruptions at this latitude), with the other 14 votes cast for other definitions, mostly 50°S, but a few for as far north as 35°S.
The 4th edition of Limits of Oceans and Seas has yet to be published due to 'areas of concern' by several countries relating to various naming issues around the world. The IHB circulated a new draft of the 4th edition of the publication in August 2002, however there were still various changes, 60 seas were added or renamed from the 3rd edition, and even the name of the publication was changed.[17] A reservation had also been lodged by Australia regarding the Southern Ocean limits.[10] Effectively, the 3rd edition (which did not delineate the Southern Ocean leaving delineation to local hydrographic offices) has yet to be superseded and IHO documents declare that it remains "currently in force."
Despite this, the 4th edition definition has de facto usage by many organisations, scientists and nations - even at times by IHO committees.[18] Some nations' hydrographic offices have defined their own boundaries; the United Kingdom used the 55°S parallel for example.[16]
Other sources, such as the National Geographic Society, show the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans as extending to Antarctica, although articles on the National Geographic web site have begun to reference the Southern Ocean.[19]
In Australia, cartographic authorities defined the Southern Ocean as including the entire body of water between Antarctica and the south coasts of Australia and New Zealand. This delineation is basically the same as the original (first) edition of the IHO publication and effectively the same as the second edition. In the second edition, the Great Australian Bight was defined as the only geographical entity between the Australian coast and the Southern Ocean. Coastal maps of Tasmania and South Australia label the sea areas as Southern Ocean,[20] while Cape Leeuwin in Western Australia is described as the point where the Indian and Southern Oceans meet.[21]
See also[edit]
Environment portal
Ecology portal
Geography portal
Weather portal
List of seas
International Maritime Organization
Marginal sea
Oceanography
Polar seas
Sea
Seven Seas
World Ocean Atlas
References[edit]
Jump up ^ " "Ocean", The Columbia Encyclopedia, New York: Columbia University Press, 2002, archived from the original on 26 January 2011
Jump up ^ "Distribution of land and water on the planet", UN Atlas of the Oceans, archived from the original on 31 May 2008
Jump up ^ Spilhaus, Athelstan F. (July 1942). "Maps of the whole world ocean". 32 (3). American Geographical Society).: 431–5.
Jump up ^ European Marine Gazetteer browser, MarBEF Data System - European Marine Gazetteer
Jump up ^ "Arctic Ocean". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
Jump up ^ The Ocean, The MarineBio Conservation Society
Jump up ^ Arctic Ocean, Encyclopædia Britannica
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition" (PDF). International Hydrographic Organization. 1953. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Atlantic Ocean". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Darby, Andrew (22 December 2003). "Canberra all at sea over position of Southern Ocean". The Age. Retrieved 21 December 2009.
Jump up ^ "Indian Ocean". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
Jump up ^ "Pacific Ocean". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
Jump up ^ "Southern Ocean". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
Jump up ^ "Map accompanying first edition of IHO Publication Limits of Oceans and Seas, Special Publication 23". NOAA Photo Library. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Retrieved 19 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Map accompanying second edition of IHO Publication Limits of Oceans and Seas, Special Publication 23". NOAA Photo Library. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Retrieved 18 January 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition" (PDF). International Hydrographic Organization. 1953. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
Jump up ^ "IHO Special Publication 23". Korean Hydrographic and Oceanographic Administration. Retrieved 2017-05-24.
Jump up ^ Schenke, Hans Werner (September 2003). "Proposal for the preparation of a new International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean" (PDF). IHO International Hydrographic Committee on Antarctica (HCA). Third HCA Meeting, 8–10 September 2003. Monaco: International Hydrographic Organization (IHO). Retrieved 17 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Southern Ocean - News Watch". National Geographic. Retrieved 26 April 2013.
Jump up ^ For example: Chart Aus343: Australia South Coast - South Australia - Whidbey Isles to Cape Du Couedic, Australian Hydrographic Service, 10 April 2015, retrieved 2017-05-24 , Chart Aus792: Australia - Tasmania - Trial Harbour to Low Rocky Point, Australian Hydrographic Service, 18 July 2008, retrieved 11 October 2010
Jump up ^ "- Assessment Documentation for Cape Leeuwin Lighthouse" (PDF). Register of Heritage Places. 13 May 2005. p. 11. Retrieved 13 October 2010.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borders_of_the_oceans&oldid=860827479"
Categories:
Oceans
Oceanography
Coastal geography
Borders
Hidden categories:
Articles with short description
Use dmy dates from July 2013
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from April 2010
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Polski
Português
Türkçe
Edit links
This page was last edited on 23 September 2018, at 09:39 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

attrs: class style

values: shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux

value: p

values: Rotating series of maps showing alternate divisions of the oceans

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2010)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Cimmerian_plate
mw-redirect
Cimmerian plate

values:
/wiki/Kotelny/Faddeyevsky_Island
mw-redirect
Kotelny/Faddeyevsky Island

values:
/wiki/Victoria_Island_(Russian_Arctic)
mw-redirect
Victoria Island (Russian Arctic)

values: Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location

values: Inner Seas off the West Coast of Scotland

values:
/wiki/Magellan_Strait
mw-redirect
Magellan Strait

values:
/wiki/Cape_Catoche
mw-redirect
Cape Catoche

values:
/wiki/Isle_Vierge
mw-redirect
Isle Vierge

values:
/wiki/Cape_Spartel
mw-redirect
Cape Spartel

values:
/wiki/Lakshadweep_Sea
mw-redirect
Lakshadweep Sea

values:
/wiki/Dondra_Head
mw-redirect
Dondra Head

values:
/wiki/Poeloe_Bras
mw-redirect
Poeloe Bras

values:
/wiki/Queen_Charlotte_Islands
mw-redirect
Queen Charlotte Islands

values:
/wiki/Baja_California_peninsula
mw-redirect
Baja California peninsula

values:
/wiki/Stewart_Island/Rakiura
mw-redirect
Stewart Island/Rakiura

values:
/wiki/North_Cape,_New_Zealand
mw-redirect
North Cape, New Zealand

values: Edit section: Southern or Antarctic Ocean

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values:
/wiki/Marginal_sea
mw-redirect
Marginal sea

values: -moz-column-width: 20em; -webkit-column-width: 20em; column-width: 20em;

values:
nofollow
http://marinebio.org/oceans/
external text

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: Category:Articles with short description

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2010

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Borders_of_the_oceans
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Borders_of_the_oceans rootpage-Borders_of_the_oceans skin-vector action-view