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Foot
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This article is about the anatomical structure. For the unit of measure, see Foot (unit). For other uses, see Foot (disambiguation).
This article uses anatomical terminology; for an overview, see Anatomical terminology.
Foot
Details
Artery
dorsalis pedis, medial plantar, lateral plantar
Nerve
medial plantar, lateral plantar, deep fibular, superficial fibular
Identifiers
Latin
Pes
MeSH
D005528
TA
A01.1.00.040
FMA
9664
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
The foot (plural feet) is an anatomical structure found in many vertebrates. It is the terminal portion of a limb which bears weight and allows locomotion. In many animals with feet, the foot is a separate organ at the terminal part of the leg made up of one or more segments or bones, generally including claws or nails.
Contents
1 Etymology
2 Structure
2.1 Bones
2.2 Arches
2.3 Muscles
2.3.1 Extrinsic
2.3.2 Intrinsic
3 Clinical significance
4 Pronation
5 Society and culture
6 Other animals
7 Metaphorical and cultural usage
8 See also
9 References
9.1 Bibliography
10 External links
Etymology
The word "foot", in the sense of meaning the "terminal part of the leg of a vertebrate animal" comes from "Old English fot "foot," from Proto-Germanic *fot (source also of Old Frisian fot, Old Saxon fot, Old Norse fotr, Danish fod, Swedish fot, Dutch voet, Old High German fuoz, German Fuß, Gothic fotus "foot"), from PIE root *ped- "foot." [1] The "[p]lural form feet is an instance of i-mutation." [1]
Structure
The feet of a newborn infant.
The human foot is a strong and complex mechanical structure containing 26 bones, 33 joints (20 of which are actively articulated), and more than a hundred muscles, tendons, and ligaments.[2] The joints of the foot are the ankle and subtalar joint and the interphalangeal articulations of the foot. An anthropometric study of 1197 North American adult Caucasian males (mean age 35.5 years) found that a man's foot length was 26.3 cm with a standard deviation of 1.2 cm.[3]
The foot can be subdivided into the hindfoot, the midfoot, and the forefoot:
The hindfoot is composed of the talus (or ankle bone) and the calcaneus (or heel bone). The two long bones of the lower leg, the tibia and fibula, are connected to the top of the talus to form the ankle. Connected to the talus at the subtalar joint, the calcaneus, the largest bone of the foot, is cushioned underneath by a layer of fat.[2]
The five irregular bones of the midfoot, the cuboid, navicular, and three cuneiform bones, form the arches of the foot which serves as a shock absorber. The midfoot is connected to the hind- and fore-foot by muscles and the plantar fascia.[2]
The forefoot is composed of five toes and the corresponding five proximal long bones forming the metatarsus. Similar to the fingers of the hand, the bones of the toes are called phalanges and the big toe has two phalanges while the other four toes have three phalanges each. The joints between the phalanges are called interphalangeal and those between the metatarsus and phalanges are called metatarsophalangeal (MTP).[2]
Both the midfoot and forefoot constitute the dorsum (the area facing upwards while standing) and the planum (the area facing downwards while standing).
The instep is the arched part of the top of the foot between the toes and the ankle.
Bones
Illustration of bones in lower leg and foot.
tibia, fibula
tarsus (7): talus, calcaneus, cuneiformes (3), cuboid, and navicular
metatarsus (5): first, second, third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal bone
phalanges (14)
There can be many sesamoid bones near the metatarsophalangeal joints, although they are only regularly present in the distal portion of the first metatarsal bone.[4]
Arches
Main article: Arches of the foot
The human foot has two longitudinal arches and a transverse arch maintained by the interlocking shapes of the foot bones, strong ligaments, and pulling muscles during activity. The slight mobility of these arches when weight is applied to and removed from the foot makes walking and running more economical in terms of energy. As can be examined in a footprint, the medial longitudinal arch curves above the ground. This arch stretches from the heel bone over the "keystone" ankle bone to the three medial metatarsals. In contrast, the lateral longitudinal arch is very low. With the cuboid serving as its keystone, it redistributes part of the weight to the calcaneus and the distal end of the fifth metatarsal. The two longitudinal arches serve as pillars for the transverse arch which run obliquely across the tarsometatarsal joints. Excessive strain on the tendons and ligaments of the feet can result in fallen arches or flat feet.[5]
Muscles
The muscles acting on the foot can be classified into extrinsic muscles, those originating on the anterior or posterior aspect of the lower leg, and intrinsic muscles, originating on the dorsal (top) or plantar (base) aspects of the foot.
Extrinsic
Anterior leg muscles.
All muscles originating on the lower leg except the popliteus muscle are attached to the bones of the foot. The tibia and fibula and the interosseous membrane separate these muscles into anterior and posterior groups, in their turn subdivided into subgroups and layers. [6]
Anterior group
Extensor group: tibialis anterior originates on the proximal half of the tibia and the interosseous membrane and is inserted near the tarsometatarsal joint of the first digit. In the non-weight-bearing leg tibialis anterior flexes the foot dorsally and lift its medial edge (supination). In the weight-bearing leg it brings the leg towards the back of the foot, like in rapid walking. Extensor digitorum longus arises on the lateral tibial condyle and along the fibula to be inserted on the second to fifth digits and proximally on the fifth metatarsal. The extensor digitorum longus acts similar to the tibialis anterior except that it also dorsiflexes the digits. Extensor hallucis longus originates medially on the fibula and is inserted on the first digit. As the name implies it dorsiflexes the big toe and also acts on the ankle in the unstressed leg. In the weight-bearing leg it acts similar to the tibialis anterior. [7]
Peroneal group: peroneus longus arises on the proximal aspect of the fibula and peroneus brevis below it on the same bone. Together, their tendons pass behind the lateral malleolus. Distally, peroneus longus crosses the plantar side of the foot to reach its insertion on the first tarsometatarsal joint, while peroneus brevis reaches the proximal part of the fifth metatarsal. These two muscles are the strongest pronators and aid in plantar flexion. Longus also acts like a bowstring that braces the transverse arch of the foot. [8]
Deep and superficial layers of posterior leg muscles
Posterior group
The superficial layer of posterior leg muscles is formed by the triceps surae and the plantaris. The triceps surae consists of the soleus and the two heads of the gastrocnemius. The heads of gastrocnemius arise on the femur, proximal to the condyles, and soleus arises on the proximal dorsal parts of the tibia and fibula. The tendons of these muscles merge to be inserted onto the calcaneus as the Achilles tendon. Plantaris originates on the femur proximal to the lateral head of the gastrocnemius and its long tendon is embedded medially into the Achilles tendon. The triceps surae is the primary plantar flexor and its strength becomes most obvious during ballet dancing. It is fully activated only with the knee extended because the gastrocnemius is shortened during knee flexion. During walking it not only lifts the heel, but also flexes the knee, assisted by the plantaris.[9]
In the deep layer of posterior muscles tibialis posterior arises proximally on the back of the interosseous membrane and adjoining bones and divides into two parts in the sole of the foot to attach to the tarsus. In the non-weight-bearing leg, it produces plantar flexion and supination, and, in the weight-bearing leg, it proximates the heel to the calf. flexor hallucis longus arises on the back of the fibula (i.e. on the lateral side), and its relatively thick muscle belly extends distally down to the flexor retinaculum where it passes over to the medial side to stretch across the sole to the distal phalanx of the first digit. The popliteus is also part of this group, but, with its oblique course across the back of the knee, does not act on the foot. [10]
Intrinsic
On the back (top) of the foot, the tendons of extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis lie deep to the system of long extrinsic extensor tendons. They both arise on the calcaneus and extend into the dorsal aponeurosis of digits one to four, just beyond the penultimate joints. They act to dorsiflex the digits. [11]
Plantar aspects of foot, varying depths (superficial to deep)
Similar to the intrinsic muscles of the hand, there are three groups of muscles in the sole of foot, those of the first and last digits, and a central group:
Muscles of the big toe: abductor hallucis stretches medially along the border of the sole, from the calcaneus to the first digit. Below its tendon, the tendons of the long flexors pass through the tarsal canal. It is an abductor and a weak flexor, and also helps maintain the arch of the foot. flexor hallucis brevis arises on the medial cuneiform bone and related ligaments and tendons. An important plantar flexor, it is crucial for ballet dancing. Both these muscles are inserted with two heads proximally and distally to the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Adductor hallucis is part of this group, though it originally formed a separate system (see contrahens.) It has two heads, the oblique head originating obliquely across the central part of the midfoot, and the transverse head originating near the metatarsophalangeal joints of digits five to three. Both heads are inserted into the lateral sesamoid bone of the first digit. Adductor hallucis acts as a tensor of the plantar arches and also adducts the big toe and then might plantar flex the proximal phalanx. [12]
Muscles of the little toe: Stretching laterally from the calcaneus to the proximal phalanx of the fifth digit, abductor digiti minimi form the lateral margin of the foot and is the largest of the muscles of the fifth digit. Arising from the base of the fifth metatarsal, flexor digiti minimi is inserted together with abductor on the first phalanx. Often absent, opponens digiti minimi originates near the cuboid bone and is inserted on the fifth metatarsal bone. These three muscles act to support the arch of the foot and to plantar flex the fifth digit. [13]
Central muscles of foot
Central muscle group: The four lumbricals arise on the medial side of the tendons of flexor digitorum longus and are inserted on the medial margins of the proximal phalanges. Quadratus plantae originates with two slips from the lateral and medial margins of the calcaneus and inserts into the lateral margin of the flexor digitorum tendon. It is also known as flexor accessorius. Flexor digitorum brevis arise inferiorly on the calcaneus and its three tendons are inserted into the middle phalanges of digits two to four (sometimes also the fifth digit). These tendons divide before their insertions and the tendons of flexor digitorum longus pass through these divisions. Flexor digitorum brevis flexes the middle phalanges. It is occasionally absent. Between the toes, the dorsal and plantar interossei stretch from the metatarsals to the proximal phalanges of digits two to five. The plantar interossei adducts and the dorsal interossei abducts these digits and are also plantar flexors at the metatarsophalangeal joints. [14]
Clinical significance
Main article: Diseases of the foot
Due to their position and function, feet are exposed to a variety of potential infections and injuries, including athlete's foot, bunions, ingrown toenails, Morton's neuroma, plantar fasciitis, plantar warts and stress fractures. In addition, there are several genetic disorders that can affect the shape and function of the feet, including a club foot or flat feet.
This leaves humans more vulnerable to medical problems that are caused by poor leg and foot alignments. Also, the wearing of shoes, sneakers and boots can impede proper alignment and movement within the ankle and foot. For example, High-heeled footwear are known to throw off the natural weight balance (this can also affect the lower back). For the sake of posture, flat soles with no heels are advised.
A doctor who specializes in the treatment of the feet practices podiatry and is called a podiatrist. A pedorthist specializes in the use and modification of footwear to treat problems related to the lower limbs.
Fractures of the foot include:
Lisfranc fracture – in which one or all of the metatarsals are displaced from the tarsus[15]
Jones fracture – a fracture of the fifth metatarsal
March fracture – a fracture of the distal third of one of the metatarsals occurring because of recurrent stress
Calcaneal fracture
Foot sweat is the major cause of foot odor. Sweat itself is odorless, but it creates a beneficial environment for certain bacteria to grow and produce bad-smelling substances.
Pronation
Main article: Pronation of the foot
In anatomy, pronation is a rotational movement of the forearm (at the radioulnar joint) or foot (at the subtalar and talocalcaneonavicular joints). Pronation of the foot refers to how the body distributes weight as it cycles through the gait. During the gait cycle the foot can pronate in many different ways based on rearfoot and forefoot function. Types of pronation include neutral pronation, underpronation (supination), and overpronation.
Neutral pronation
An individual who neutrally pronates initially strikes the ground on the lateral side of the heel. As the individual transfers weight from the heel to the metatarsus, the foot will roll in a medial direction, such that the weight is distributed evenly across the metatarsus. In this stage of the gait, the knee will generally, but not always, track directly over the hallux.
This rolling inwards motion as the foot progresses from heel to toe is the way that the body naturally absorbs shock. Neutral pronation is the most ideal, efficient type of gait when using a heel strike gait; in a forefoot strike, the body absorbs shock instead via flexation of the foot.
Overpronation
As with a neutral pronator, an individual who overpronates initially strikes the ground on the lateral side of the heel. As the individual transfers weight from the heel to the metatarsus, however, the foot will roll too far in a medial direction, such that the weight is distributed unevenly across the metatarsus, with excessive weight borne on the hallux. In this stage of the gait, the knee will generally, but not always, track inwards.
An overpronator does not absorb shock efficiently. Imagine someone jumping onto a diving board, but the board is so flimsy that when it is struck, it bends and allows the person to plunge straight down into the water instead of back into the air. Similarly, an overpronator's arches will collapse, or the ankles will roll inwards (or a combination of the two) as they cycle through the gait. An individual whose bone structure involves external rotation at the hip, knee, or ankle will be more likely to overpronate than one whose bone structure has internal rotation or central alignment. An individual who overpronates tends to wear down their running shoes on the medial (inside) side of the shoe towards the toe area.[16]
When choosing a running or walking shoe, a person with overpronation can choose shoes that have good inside support—usually by strong material at the inside sole and arch of the shoe. It is usually visible. The inside support area is marked by strong greyish material to support the weight when a person lands on the outside foot and then roll onto the inside foot.
Underpronation (supination)
Underpronation of foot
An individual who underpronates also initially strikes the ground on the lateral side of the heel. As the individual transfers weight from the heel to the metatarsus, the foot will not roll far enough in a medial direction. The weight is distributed unevenly across the metatarsus, with excessive weight borne on the fifth metatarsal, towards the lateral side of the foot. In this stage of the gait, the knee will generally, but not always, track laterally of the hallux.
Like an overpronator, an underpronator does not absorb shock efficiently – but for the opposite reason. The underpronated foot is like a diving board that, instead of failing to spring someone in the air because it is too flimsy, fails to do so because it is too rigid. There is virtually no give. An underpronator's arches or ankles don't experience much motion as they cycle through the gait. An individual whose bone structure involves internal rotation at the hip, knee, or ankle will be more likely to underpronate than one whose bone structure has external rotation or central alignment. Usually – but not always – those who are bow-legged tend to underpronate.[citation needed] An individual who underpronates tends to wear down their running shoes on the lateral (outside) side of the shoe towards the rear of the shoe in the heel area.[17]
Society and culture
Humans usually wear shoes or similar footwear for protection from hazards when walking outside. There are a number of contexts where it is considered inappropriate to wear shoes. Some people consider it rude to wear shoes into a house and a Māori Marae should only be entered with bare feet.
Foot fetishism is the most common form of sexual fetish.[18][19]
Other animals
Main article: Comparative foot morphology
A paw is the soft foot of a mammal, generally a quadruped, that has claws or nails (e.g., a cat or dog's paw). A hard foot is called a hoof. Depending on style of locomotion, animals can be classified as plantigrade (sole walking), digitigrade (toe walking), or unguligrade (nail walking).
The metatarsals are the bones that make up the main part of the foot in humans, and part of the leg in large animals or paw in smaller animals. The number of metatarsals are directly related to the mode of locomotion with many larger animals having their digits reduced to two (elk, cow, sheep) or one (horse). The metatarsal bones of feet and paws are tightly grouped compared to, most notably, the human hand where the thumb metacarpal diverges from the rest of the metacarpus.[20]
Metaphorical and cultural usage
Study of a pair of feet crossed, 1847, by Margaret Louisa Herschel, daughter of John Herschel, from the Royal Museums Greenwich
The word "foot" is used to refer to a "...linear measure was in Old English (the exact length has varied over time), this being considered the length of a man's foot; a unit of measure used widely and anciently. In this sense the plural is often foot. The current inch and foot are implied from measurements in 12c." [1] The word "foot" also has a musical meaning; a "...metrical foot (late Old English, translating Latin pes, Greek pous in the same sense) is commonly taken to represent one rise and one fall of a foot: keeping time according to some, dancing according to others."[1]
The word "foot" was used in Middle English to mean "a person" (c. 1200).[1] The expression "...to put one's best foot foremost first recorded 1849 (Shakespeare has the better foot before, 1596)".[1] The expression to "...put one's foot in (one's) mouth "say something stupid" was first used in 1942.[1] The expression "put (one's) foot in something" meaning to "make a mess of it" was used in 1823.[1]
The word "footloose" was first used in the 1690s, meaning "free to move the feet, unshackled"; the more "figurative sense of "free to act as one pleases" was first used in 1873.[1] Like "footloose", "flat-footed" at first had its obvious literal meaning (in 1600, it meant "with flat feet") but by 1912 it meant "unprepared" (U.S. baseball slang).[1]
See also
Flat feet
Foot binding
Foot fetishism
Foot gymnastics
Foot pressure
Foot washing
Gait analysis
Pes cavus
Sole (foot)
Runner's toe, repetitive injury seen in runners
Ball (anatomy)
Barefoot
Heel
Squatting position
Comparison of orthotics
References
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j "Foot". www.etymonline.com. Online Etymology Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Podiatry Channel, Anatomy of the foot and ankle
Jump up ^ Hawes MR, Sovak D (July 1994). "Quantitative morphology of the human foot in a North American population". Ergonomics. 37 (7): 1213–26. doi:10.1080/00140139408964899. PMID 8050406.
Jump up ^ Platzer 2004, p. 220
Jump up ^ Mareb-Hoehn 2007, pp. 244–45
Jump up ^ Platzer 2004, p. 256
Jump up ^ Platzer 2004, p. 258
Jump up ^ Platzer 2004, p. 260
Jump up ^ Platzer 2004, p. 262
Jump up ^ Platzer 2004, p. 264
Jump up ^ Platzer 2004, p. 268
Jump up ^ Platzer 2004, pp. 270–72
Jump up ^ Platzer 2004, p. 272
Jump up ^ Platzer 2004, p. 274
Jump up ^ TheFreeDictionary > Lisfranc's fracture Citing: Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. 2009
Jump up ^ "Overpronation, Explained". Runner's World. 21 September 2001. Archived from the original on 24 September 2013. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
Jump up ^ "Supination, Explained". Runner's World. 21 September 2001. Archived from the original on 17 September 2013. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
Jump up ^ "Rex Ryan's Apparent Foot Fetish Not Necessarily Unhealthy". Abcnews.go.com. 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-01-01. Retrieved 2012-01-04. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
Jump up ^ France 2008, p. 537
Bibliography
France, Diane L. (2008). Human and Nonhuman Bone Identification: A Color Atlas. CRC Press. ISBN 1-4200-6286-7.
Marieb, Elaine Nicpon; Hoehn, Katja (2007). Human anatomy & physiology. Pearson Education. ISBN 0-321-37294-8.
Platzer, Werner (2004). Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol. 1: Locomotor System (5th ed.). Thieme. ISBN 3-13-533305-1.
"Anatomy of the foot and ankle". Podiatry Channel. Archived from the original on August 31, 2009. Retrieved August 21, 2009.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Foot.
Look up foot in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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/wiki/Cuneiform_(anatomy)
mw-redirect
Cuneiform (anatomy)

values:
/wiki/Phalanx_bones
mw-redirect
Phalanx bones

values:
/wiki/Metatarsophalangeal_joint
mw-redirect
Metatarsophalangeal joint

values:
/wiki/Phalanges_of_the_foot
mw-redirect
Phalanges of the foot

values:
/wiki/Tarsometatarsal_joint
mw-redirect
Tarsometatarsal joint

values:
/wiki/Peroneus_longus_muscle
mw-redirect
Peroneus longus muscle

values:
/wiki/Peroneus_brevis_muscle
mw-redirect
Peroneus brevis muscle

values:
/wiki/Triceps_surae
mw-redirect
Triceps surae

values: Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle (foot)

values:
/wiki/Opponens_digiti_minimi_muscle
mw-redirect
Opponens digiti minimi muscle

values:
/wiki/Lumbrical_muscle_(foot)
mw-redirect
Lumbrical muscle (foot)

values:
/wiki/Dorsal_interossei_muscles_(foot)
mw-redirect
Dorsal interossei muscles (foot)

values:
/wiki/High-heeled_footwear
mw-redirect
High-heeled footwear

values:
/wiki/Lisfranc_fracture
mw-redirect
Lisfranc fracture

values:
/wiki/Fifth_metatarsal
mw-redirect
Fifth metatarsal

values:
/wiki/Heel_strike_(gait)
mw-redirect
Heel strike (gait)

values:
/wiki/External_rotation
mw-redirect
External rotation

values:
/wiki/Internal_rotation
mw-redirect
Internal rotation

values: some sources say instead that those who are bow-legged tend to overpronate (November 2013)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Foot_pressure
mw-redirect
Foot pressure

values:
/wiki/Runner%27s_toe
mw-redirect
Runner's toe

values:
/wiki/Ball_(anatomy)
mw-redirect
Ball (anatomy)

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em;

values:
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier
mw-redirect
PubMed Identifier

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8050406

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nofollow
external text
http://www.chaimedia.com/list/197.html

values: Category:CS1 maint: Archived copy as title

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values:
/wiki/Gluteus_maximus_muscle
mw-redirect
Gluteus maximus muscle

values:
/wiki/Gluteus_medius_muscle
mw-redirect
Gluteus medius muscle

values:
/wiki/Gluteus_minimus_muscle
mw-redirect
Gluteus minimus muscle

values:
/wiki/Fibularis_brevis
mw-redirect
Fibularis brevis

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values: Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages

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values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2013

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values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voet
Voet – Afrikaans
af
af
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-af
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-am
display: none;

values:
https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C5%8Dt
Fōt – Old English
ang
ang
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ang
display: none;

values:
https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piet
Piet – Aragonese
an
an
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-an
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-arc
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ast
display: none;

values:
https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osit
Osit – Atikamekw
atj
atj
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-atj
display: none;

values:
https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Py
Py – Guarani
gn
gn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gn
display: none;

values: РекӀекьа хӀетӀе – Avaric

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-av
display: none;

values:
https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayu
Kayu – Aymara
ay
ay
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ay
display: none;

values:
https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batis
Batis – Banjar
bjn
bjn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan
display: none;

values: Ступня (анатомія) – Belarusian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bar
display: none;

values: རྐང་པ། – Tibetan

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bo
display: none;

values:
https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stopalo
Stopalo – Bosnian
bs
bs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bs
display: none;

values:
https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troad
Troad – Breton
br
br
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-br
display: none;

values:
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peu
Peu – Catalan
ca
ca
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values:
https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noha
Noha – Czech
cs
cs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsoka
Tsoka – Shona
sn
sn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sn
display: none;

values:
https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedi
Pedi – Corsican
co
co
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-co
display: none;

values:
https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troed
Troed – Welsh
cy
cy
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cy
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fu%C3%9F
Fuß – German
de
de
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-de
display: none;

values: ފައިތިލަ – Divehi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-dv
display: none;

values:
https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labajalg
Labajalg – Estonian
et
et
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values:
https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0
Pà – Emiliano-Romagnolo
egl
egl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eml
display: none;

values:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pie
Pie – Spanish
es
es
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piedo
Piedo – Esperanto
eo
eo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values:
https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oin
Oin – Basque
eu
eu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fy
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gd
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

values: 𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐍃 – Gothic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-got
display: none;

values:
https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiok
Kiok – Hakka Chinese
hak
hak
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hak
display: none;

values:
https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%9C
발 – Korean
ko
ko
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values:
https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stopalo
Stopalo – Croatian
hr
hr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

values:
https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedo
Pedo – Ido
io
io
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-io
display: none;

values:
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaki
Kaki – Indonesian
id
id
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isigak
Isigak – Inupiaq
ik
ik
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ik
display: none;

values:
https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inyawo
Inyawo – Xhosa
xh
xh
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-xh
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-is
display: none;

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piede
Piede – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: כף רגל – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kn
display: none;

values: Табан – Kazakh

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kk
display: none;

values:
https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pye
Pye – Haitian Creole
ht
ht
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ht
display: none;

values: БакӀччан – Lak

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe
display: none;

values:
https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pes
Pes – Latin
la
la
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-la
display: none;

values:
https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%93da
Pēda – Latvian
lv
lv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lv
display: none;

values:
https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%97da
Pėda – Lithuanian
lt
lt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

values:
https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekigere
Ekigere – Ganda
lg
lg
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lg
display: none;

values:
https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pee
Pee – Lombard
lmo
lmo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ml
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mr
display: none;

values:
https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaki
Kaki – Malay
ms
ms
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%83
Kă – Min Dong Chinese
cdo
cdo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo
display: none;

values:
https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xotl
Xotl – Nāhuatl
nah
nah
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nah
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values:
https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voot
Voot – Low Saxon
nds-NL
nds-NL
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl
display: none;

values: पाइताला – Nepali

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ne
display: none;

values:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%B3
足 – Japanese
ja
ja
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nap
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fot
Fot – Norwegian Nynorsk
nn
nn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nn
display: none;

values:
https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A8
Pè – Occitan
oc
oc
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-oc
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pa
display: none;

values:
https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sali
Sali – Pangasinan
pag
pag
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pag
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nds
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values:
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9
Pé – Portuguese
pt
pt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voss
Voss – Colognian
ksh
ksh
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values:
https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaki
Chaki – Quechua
qu
qu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-qu
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sco
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-scn
display: none;

values:
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foot
Foot – Simple English
en-simple
en-simple
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values: پير (جسم جو حصو) – Sindhi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sd
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sk
display: none;

values:
https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stopalo
Stopalo – Slovenian
sl
sl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb
display: none;

values: Стопало – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stopalo
Stopalo – Serbo-Croatian
sh
sh
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values:
https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku
Suku – Sundanese
su
su
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-su
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values:
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fot
Fot – Swedish
sv
sv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values: పాదము – Telugu

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-te
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tg
display: none;

values:
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayak
Ayak – Turkish
tr
tr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ug
display: none;

values:
https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Din
Din – Zhuang
za
za
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-za
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro
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values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-war
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values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-yi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-diq
display: none;

values:
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%9A
脚 – Chinese
zh
zh
interlanguage-link-target

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

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