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Grand Ole Opry
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Grand Ole Opry
Genre
Country, bluegrass, gospel
Running time
30-minute segments (7:00 pm–9:30 pm)
Country of origin
United States
Language(s)
English
Home station
WSM radio
Sirius XM Satellite Radio
Announcer
Eddie Stubbs
Created by
George D. Hay
Recording studio
Nashville, Tennessee
Original release
November 28, 1925 (1925-11-28) – present
Sponsored by
Humana
Cracker Barrel
Dollar General
Website
www.opry.com
The Grand Ole Opry is a weekly country-music stage concert in Nashville, Tennessee, which was founded on November 28, 1925, by George D. Hay as a one-hour radio "barn dance" on WSM. Currently owned and operated by Opry Entertainment (a division of Ryman Hospitality Properties, Inc.), it is the longest-running radio broadcast in US history, albeit not the longest-running one on a radio network.[1][2] Dedicated to honoring country music and its history, the Opry showcases a mix of famous singers and contemporary chart-toppers performing country, bluegrass, Americana, folk, gospel, and comedic performances and skits.[3] It attracts hundreds of thousands of visitors from around the world and millions of radio and Internet listeners.
The Opry's current primary slogan is "The Show that Made Country Music Famous".[4] Other slogans include "Home of American Music" and "Country’s Most Famous Stage".[3]
In the 1930s the show began hiring professionals and expanded to four hours; and WSM, broadcasting by then with 50,000 watts, made the program a Saturday night musical tradition in nearly 30 states.[5] In 1939, it debuted nationally on NBC Radio. The Opry moved to a permanent home, the Ryman Auditorium, in 1943. As it developed in importance, so did the city of Nashville, which became America's "country music capital".[6] The Grand Ole Opry holds such significance in Nashville that its name is included on the city/county line signs on all major roadways. The signs read "Music City|Metropolitan Nashville Davidson County|Home of the Grand Ole Opry".
Membership in the Opry remains one of country music's crowning achievements.[7] Such country music legends as Hank Williams, Johnny Cash, Patsy Cline, Marty Robbins, Roy Acuff, the Carter family, Bill Monroe, Ernest Tubb, Kitty Wells, and Minnie Pearl became regulars on the Opry's stage. In recent decades, the Opry has hosted such contemporary country stars as Dolly Parton, Loretta Lynn, Alan Jackson, Garth Brooks, Reba McEntire, Josh Turner, Carrie Underwood, Brad Paisley, Rascal Flatts, Dierks Bentley, Little Big Town, Blake Shelton, Chris Young, and Ricky Skaggs. Since 1974, the show has been broadcast from the Grand Ole Opry House east of downtown Nashville, with an annual three-month winter foray back to the Ryman since 1999. Performances have been sporadically televised in addition to the radio programs.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Beginnings
1.2 Name
1.3 Larger venues
1.4 1960s
1.5 Grand Ole Opry House
1.6 Return to Ryman Auditorium
1.7 2010 flooding
2 Broadcasts
3 Membership
4 Controversies
5 Commercialization
6 Honors
7 See also
8 Notes
9 References
10 External links
History[edit]
Beginnings[edit]
Decorative brickwork at Opryland Hotel depicting Ryman Auditorium with Minnie Pearl and Roy Acuff
The Grand Ole Opry started as the WSM Barn Dance in the new fifth-floor radio studio of the National Life & Accident Insurance Company in downtown Nashville on November 28, 1925. On October 18, 1925, management began a program featuring "Dr. Humphrey Bate and his string quartet of old-time musicians." On November 2, WSM hired long-time announcer and program director George D. "Judge" Hay, an enterprising pioneer from the National Barn Dance program at WLS in Chicago, who was also named the most popular radio announcer in America as a result of his radio work with both WLS and WMC in Memphis, Tennessee. Hay launched the WSM Barn Dance with 77-year-old fiddler Uncle Jimmy Thompson on November 28, 1925, which is celebrated as the birth date of the Grand Ole Opry.[8]
Some of the bands regularly on the show during its early days included Bill Monroe, the Possum Hunters (with Dr. Humphrey Bate), the Fruit Jar Drinkers with Uncle Dave Macon, the Crook Brothers, the Binkley Brothers' Dixie Clodhoppers, Sid Harkreader, Deford Bailey, Fiddlin' Arthur Smith, and the Gully Jumpers.[9]
Judge Hay, however, liked the Fruit Jar Drinkers and asked them to appear last on each show because he wanted to always close each segment with "red hot fiddle playing". They were the second band accepted on Barn Dance, with the Crook Brothers being the first. When the Opry began having square dancers on the show, the Fruit Jar Drinkers always played for them. In 1926, Uncle Dave Macon, a Tennessee banjo player who had recorded several songs and toured the vaudeville circuit, became its first real star.[9]
Signs welcoming motorists to Nashville on all major roadways include the phrase "Home Of The Grand Ole Opry".
Name[edit]
The phrase "Grand Ole Opry" was first uttered on the air on December 10, 1927.[10] At the time, Barn Dance followed the NBC Red Network's Music Appreciation Hour, a program of classical music and selections from grand opera presented by classical conductor Walter Damrosch. On that particular night, Damrosch had remarked that "there is no place in the classics for realism." In response, Opry presenter George Hay said:
Friends, the program which just came to a close was devoted to the classics. Doctor Damrosch told us that there is no place in the classics for realism. However, from here on out for the next three hours, we will present nothing but realism. It will be down to earth for the "earthy".
Hay then introduced DeFord Bailey, the man he had dubbed the "Harmonica Wizard", saying:
For the past hour, we have been listening to music taken largely from Grand Opera. From now on, we will present the "Grand Ole Opry".
Bailey then stepped up to the mic to play "The Pan-American Blues," his song inspired by the Pan-American, a premier L&N Railroad passenger train.[10][11]
Larger venues[edit]
As audiences for the live show increased, National Life & Accident Insurance's radio venue became too small to accommodate the hordes of fans. They built a larger studio, but it was still not large enough. After several months with no audiences, National Life decided to allow the show to move outside its home offices. In October 1934, the Opry moved into then-suburban Hillsboro Theatre (now the Belcourt); and then on June 13, 1936, to the Dixie Tabernacle in East Nashville. The Opry then moved to the War Memorial Auditorium, a downtown venue adjacent to the State Capitol. A 25-cent admission was charged to try to curb the large crowds, but to no avail. On June 5, 1943, the Opry moved to the Ryman Auditorium.
Roy Acuff
Ryman Auditorium, the "Mother Church of Country Music"
Top-charting country music acts performed during the Ryman years, including Roy Acuff, called the King of Country Music, Hank Williams, Webb Pierce, Faron Young, Martha Carson, Lefty Frizzell, and many others.
One hour of the Opry was nationally-broadcast by the NBC Red Network from 1939 to 1956; for much of its run, it aired one hour after the program that had inspired it, National Barn Dance. The NBC segment, originally known by the name of its sponsor, The Prince Albert Show, was first hosted by Acuff, who was succeeded by Red Foley from 1946 to 1954. From October 15, 1955 to September 1956, ABC-TV aired a live, hour-long television version once a month on Saturday nights (sponsored by Ralston-Purina), pre-empting one hour of the then-90-minute Ozark Jubilee. From 1955 to 1957, Al Gannaway owned and produced both The Country Show and Stars of the Grand Ole Opry, filmed programs syndicated by Flamingo Films. Gannaway's Stars of the Grand Ole Opry was the first television show shot in color.[12]
On October 2, 1954, a teenage Elvis Presley made his only Opry performance. Although the audience reacted politely to his revolutionary brand of rockabilly music, after the show Opry manager Jim Denny told Presley's producer Sam Phillips that the singer's style did not suit the program.[13]
1960s[edit]
In the 1960s, as the hippie counterculture movement spread, the Opry maintained a strait-laced, conservative image with "longhairs" not being featured on the show. The Byrds were a notable exception. Country rock pioneer Gram Parsons, who at that time was a member of The Byrds, was in Nashville to work on the band's country rock album, Sweetheart of the Rodeo.[14] The band's record label, Columbia Records, had arranged for The Byrds to be allowed to perform at the Ryman on March 15, 1968, a prospect that thrilled Parsons.[14] However, when the band took the stage the audience's response was immediately hostile, resulting in derisive heckling, booing and mocking calls of "tweet, tweet" and "cut your hair"[15][16] The Byrds further outraged the Opry establishment by breaking with accepted protocol when they performed Parsons' song "Hickory Wind" instead of the Merle Haggard song "Life in Prison", as had been announced by Tompall Glaser.[14]
Another artist that ran afoul of the Opry's stringent standards was Jerry Lee Lewis, who, after several years of success on the country charts, made his first and only appearance on the show on January 20, 1973. Given two conditions for his appearance (no rock and roll and no profanity), Lewis proceeded to disregard both (referring to himself as a certain unairable maternal insult at one point) and, in a continuous 40-minute set, played a mixture of his rock and roll hits and covers of other singers' country songs. Lewis was said to be bitter about how he was treated when he first arrived in Nashville in 1955 and supposedly used his Opry appearance to exact revenge on the Nashville music industry.[17]
Grand Ole Opry House[edit]
Grand Ole Opry House
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Grand Ole Opry House
Show map of Tennessee Show map of the US Show all
Location
2804 Opryland Drive, Nashville, Tennessee 37214[19]
Coordinates
36°12′24″N 86°41′32″W / 36.20667°N 86.69222°W / 36.20667; -86.69222Coordinates: 36°12′24″N 86°41′32″W / 36.20667°N 86.69222°W / 36.20667; -86.69222
Area
4 acres (approx.)[19]
Built
1972-74[19]
Architect
Welton Becket & Associates; Pierre Cabrol[19]
Architectural style
Modern/Brutalist[19]
Restored
2010 (flood damage remediation)
NRHP reference #
14001222[18]
Added to NRHP
January 27, 2015
The Ryman Auditorium was home to the Opry until 1974. By the late 1960s, National Life & Accident desired a new, larger and more modern home for the long-running radio show. Ryman Auditorium, already 51 years old at the time the Opry moved there, was beginning to suffer from disrepair as the downtown neighborhood around it fell victim to increasing urban decay. Despite these shortcomings, the show's popularity was increasing and its weekly crowds were outgrowing the 3,000-seat venue. The Opry's operators were seeking to build a new air-conditioned theatre with a greater capacity, ample parking, and the ability to easily serve as a television production facility. The ideal location would be in a less urbanized area of town, providing visitors a more controlled, safer, and more enjoyable experience.[20]
National Life & Accident purchased farmland owned by a local sausage manufacturer (Rudy's Farm) in the Pennington Bend area of Nashville, nine miles east of downtown, and adjacent to the newly constructed Briley Parkway. The new Opry venue was to be the centerpiece of a grand entertainment complex at that location, which would later come to include Opryland USA Theme Park and Opryland Hotel.
The theme park opened to the public on June 30, 1972,[21] well ahead of the 4,000-seat Opry House, which debuted nearly two years later, on Saturday, March 16, 1974.
Opening night was attended by sitting U.S. President Richard Nixon, who played a few songs on the piano.[22] To carry on the tradition of the show's run at the Ryman, a six-foot circle of oak was cut from the corner of the Ryman's stage and inlaid into center stage at the new venue.[23] The artists on stage usually stand on the circle as they perform.
While the theme park was closed and demolished following the 1997 season, the Grand Ole Opry House remains in use. The immediate area around it was left intact through the construction of Opry Mills, which opened in May 2000.
The Opry continues to be performed every Tuesday, Friday and Saturday at the Grand Ole Opry House from March through November each year.
Grand Ole Opry logo used from 2005 to 2015
The Grand Ole Opry House was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 27, 2015.[24][25]
Return to Ryman Auditorium[edit]
Following the departure of the Opry, Ryman Auditorium sat mostly vacant and decaying for twenty years. An initial effort by National Life & Accident to tear down the Ryman and use its bricks to build a chapel at Opryland USA was met with resounding resistance from the public, including the influential musicians of the time. The plans were abandoned, and the building remained standing with an uncertain future. Despite the absence of performances, the building still held such significance as an attraction that it would remain open for tours.[26]
In 1991 and 1992, Emmylou Harris performed a series of concerts there and released some of the recordings as an album entitled At the Ryman. The concert and album's high acclaim renewed interest in reviving Ryman Auditorium as an active venue. Beginning in September 1993, Gaylord Entertainment undertook a full renovation of the Ryman, restoring it into a world-class concert hall that reopened with a broadcast of A Prairie Home Companion on June 4, 1994.[26]
On Sunday, October 18, 1998, the Opry held a benefit show at Ryman Auditorium, marking its return to the venue for the first time since its final show on March 15, 1974.[27] The show was well received by fans, performers, and management alike, and so the decision was made to host the Opry's regular shows there on January 15 & 16, 1999 as part of the celebration to commemorate 25 years at the new venue.
Beginning in November 1999, the Opry was held at Ryman Auditorium for three months, partly due to the ongoing construction of Opry Mills. The Opry has returned to the Ryman for the three winter months every year since, allowing the show to acknowledge its roots while also taking advantage of a smaller venue during an off-peak season for tourism.[27] While still officially the Grand Ole Opry, the shows there are billed as Opry At The Ryman. From 2002 to 2014, a traveling version of the Radio City Christmas Spectacular took up residence at the Grand Ole Opry House each holiday season while the Opry was away. It was replaced by Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! The Musical beginning in 2015.[28]
2010 flooding[edit]
In May 2010, the Opry House was flooded, along with much of Nashville, due to the Cumberland River overflowing its banks. While repairs were made, the Opry itself remained uninterrupted. Over the course of the summer of 2010, the broadcast temporarily originated from alternate venues in Nashville, with Ryman Auditorium hosting the majority of the shows. Other venues included the TPAC War Memorial Auditorium, another former Opry home; TPAC's Andrew Jackson Hall; Nashville Municipal Auditorium; Allen Arena at Lipscomb University; and the Two Rivers Baptist Church.[29]
Much of the auditorium's main floor seating, the backstage areas and the entire stage (including the inlaid circle of wood from the Ryman's stage) was underwater during the flood. While the Grand Ole Opry House's stage was replaced thereafter, the Ryman circle was restored and again placed at center stage in the Grand Ole Opry House before shows resumed.[30][31] The remediation following the flood also resulted in a renovated backstage area, including the construction of more dressing rooms and a performer's lounge.
The Opry returned to the Grand Ole Opry House on September 28, 2010 in a special edition of the Opry entitled Country Comes Home that was televised live on Great American Country. The evening was filled with one-of-a-kind Opry moments. Martina McBride and Connie Smith dueted on Smith's signature hit "Once a Day", and other collaborations included Dierks Bentley and Del McCoury ("Roll On Buddy, Roll On"), Josh Turner and Lorrie Morgan ("Golden Ring"), and Montgomery Gentry and Charlie Daniels Band ("Devil Went Down To Georgia"), among others. The show closed with an all-star guitar jam featuring Brad Paisley, Keith Urban, Steve Wariner, Ricky Skaggs, and Marty Stuart.[32]
Broadcasts[edit]
Dolly Parton at the Opry in 2005
The Grand Ole Opry is broadcast live on WSM-AM at 7 p.m. CT on Saturday nights, shortened from a previous time start of 6:30. A similar program, the Friday Night Opry, airs live on Friday nights.From February through December, the Tuesday Night Opry is also aired live.[33] Wednesday shows are typically presented in the summer months. The length of the show varies; as of October 2016, the show runs three nights a week for 2¼ hours each night (the Saturday night shows have often extended as late as midnight).
The Opry can also be heard live on Willie's Roadhouse on channel 59 on Sirius XM Satellite Radio. A condensed radio program, America's Opry Weekend, is syndicated to stations around the United States. The program is also streamed on WSM's website.[33]
ABC broadcast the Grand Old Opry as a monthly series from 1955 to 1956. PBS televised annual live performances from 1978 to 1981.[34] In 1985, The Nashville Network began airing an edited half-hour version of the program as Grand Ole Opry Live; the show moved to Country Music Television (expanding to an hour in the process), and then to the Great American Country (GAC) cable network[35] with its Opry Live show no longer televised.[36] RFD-TV carries reruns of Opry telecasts under the title Opry Encore.[37]
Membership[edit]
See Category:Grand Ole Opry members
Little Jimmy Dickens, at the time the second-oldest living Opry member, at Opry House in 2004. The circle of wood is from the Ryman Auditorium's stage.
Regular performers at the Grand Ole Opry can be inducted into the organization as a member, by way of an existing member nominating them. Opry membership must be maintained throughout an artist's career and expires when the performer dies. Although a number of legendary country artists either lost their Opry membership (such as Hank Williams, Sr. and Willie Nelson) or never received it in their lifetimes (longtime leading hitmakers Merle Haggard, George Strait, and Conway Twitty being prominent examples), receiving Opry membership is considered an honor equivalent to a hall of fame induction.
Controversies[edit]
In April 1963 Opry management made a rule that members had to perform on at least 26 shows a year to keep their membership active.[38] WSM dropped the number of required performances to 20 in January 1964;[38] in 2000 the minimum number of Opry performances was at 12.[39] The minimum number of performances has reduced over the years, but artists offered membership are expected to show a dedication to the Opry with frequent attendance.[39]
Another controversy that raged for years was over allowable instrumentation, especially the use of drums and electrically amplified instruments. Some purists were appalled at the prospect; traditionally a string bass provided the rhythm component in country music and percussion instruments were seldom used. Electric amplification, then new, was regarded as the province of popular music and jazz in 1940s. Though the Opry allowed electric guitars and steel guitars by World War II, the restrictions against drums and horns continued. They caused a conflict when Bob Wills[40] and Pee Wee King[41] defied the show's ban on drums.
Commercialization[edit]
June Carter Cash at the Opry in 1999
The company has enforced its trademark on the name "Grand Ole Opry", for which it owns trademark registrations in the United States and in numerous countries around the world.It has taken court action to limit use of the word "opry" (which the organization has not directly trademarked) to members of the Opry and products associated with or licensed by it, and to discourage use of the word in ways that would imply a connection to the Grand Ole Opry.[42] In late 1968, for instance, WSM sued Opry Records, a record label that was independent of WSM,[43] and the court stated that "the record is replete with newspaper and magazine articles and clippings which demonstrate conclusively that the term 'Opry', standing alone as defendant has used it, is constantly used in country and western music circles in referring to plaintiff's 'Grand Ole Opry'."[44] The court also stated "the defendant has appropriated, at its peril, the dominant or salient term in the plaintiff's mark, a term which identified the 'Grand Ole Opry' in the mind of the public many years before the inception of 'Opry Records' – the name adopted by defendant."[45] In another case, the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board granted summary judgment that the term "Opry" is a generic term (and thus no more protected than the words "Grand" or "Ole") but the Federal Circuit court reversed this decision.[46] As recently as 2009, the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board granted judgment against Texas Opry House, LLC, which had filed a trademark application for TEXAS OPRY HOUSE.[47]
In 2004, it was announced that the Grand Ole Opry had contracted for the first time with a "presenting sponsor", Cracker Barrel, and the sponsoring company's name would be associated with Grand Ole Opry in all its advertising.[48] Humana, Inc., Cracker Barrel, and Dollar General are the present sponsors of the Opry.[49]
Honors[edit]
Peabody Award, 1983
National Radio Hall of Fame induction, 1992
See also[edit]
Country music portal
Country Music Association
Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "Radio – Long Players". Guinness World Records. Retrieved April 4, 2010.
Jump up ^ "NRK article - Barnetimen er gammaldags (The 'Childrens-hour' is old-fashioned) (norwegian)". Norsk RiksKringkasting. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "About The Opry". Grand Ole Opry. Gaylord Entertainment. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Grand Ole Opry". Gaylord Opryland. Gaylord Hotels. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Music/Grand Ole Opry". The Radio Hall of Fame. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Grand Ole Opry". The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Columbia University Press. Missing or empty |url= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "Country Music History". Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum. Country Music Foundation, Inc. Retrieved January 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ "History of the Opry". Grand Ole Opry. Retrieved August 8, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Tassin, Myron (1975), Fifty Years at the Grand Ole Opry (1st ed.), Pelican Publishing, ISBN 978-0882890890
^ Jump up to: a b "Deford Bailey". Country Music Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on August 19, 2011. Retrieved July 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Lost and Found Sound: The Pan American Blues". NPR. November 20, 2000. Retrieved July 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ "ABC-TV to Air 'Ole Opry' Live Once Monthly" (October 8, 1955), The Billboard, p. 1
Jump up ^ Gaar, Gillian G. "Box Set Spotlights Elvis Presley's Surviving Early Work at Sun Studio." Goldmine Feb. 2013: 40-44. Print.
^ Jump up to: a b c Rogan, Johnny. (1998). The Byrds: Timeless Flight Revisited. Rogan House. ISBN 0-9529540-1-X.
Jump up ^ Allen, Michael. (2005). "I Just Want to Be a Cosmic Cowboy".
Jump up ^ Fricke, David. (2003). Sweetheart of the Rodeo: Legacy Edition (2003 CD liner notes).
Jump up ^ Dunkerley, Beville. Flashback: Jerry Lee Lewis Drops an F-Bomb on the Grand Ole Opry. Rolling Stone. Retrieved August 21, 2015.
Jump up ^ National Park Service (2010-07-09). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Grand Ole Opry House
Jump up ^ The Grand Ole Opry: The Making of an American Icon - Colin Escott - Google Boeken. Books.google.com. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Theme Park Timelines". Timelines.home.insightbb.com. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ Hurst, Jack Nashville's Grand Ole Opry (New York: H.N. Abrams, 1975)
Jump up ^ Smith, Loran (January 24, 2013). "A visit to the Grand Ole Opry brings precious memories". The News-Reporter. Retrieved November 29, 2014.
Jump up ^ Eleanor Kennedy, "Nashville's newest historic place: The Grand Ole Opry House", Nashville Business Journal, February 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ Todd Barnes, [Grand Ole Opry House added to National Register], The Tennessean, February 27, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b The Encyclopedia of Country Music. Oxford University Press, USA. January 4, 2012. p. 444. ISBN 978-0-19-992083-9.
^ Jump up to: a b Fay, Byron (January 25, 2010). "Grand Ole Opry Ryman Reunion Celebration-October 18, 1998". Fayfare's Opry Blog. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Grinch to Steal Christmas in Nashville". PR Newswire. May 13, 2015. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Home | Grand Ole Opry". Search2.opry.com. Retrieved February 5, 2014.
Jump up ^ Cooper, Peter (May 10, 2010). "Opry House's famed circle stays center stage after flood". USA Today. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ Hackett, Vernell (August 25, 2010). "Grand Ole Opry Floor Restored for September 28 Reopening". TheBoot.com. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ [1] Archived August 31, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b "Tune In". Grand Ole Opry. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ Fay, Byron. "First Televised Opry Show on PBS-March 4, 1978". FayFare's Opry Blog. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ "History of the Opry". Grand Ole Opry. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ "GAC's Presents Opry Live". GAC (Great American Country). Retrieved December 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ http://www.rfdtv.com/story/34115094/opry-encore#.WSY32EdtnIU
^ Jump up to: a b "Four Dropped From 'Opry' To Return on Christmas". Billboard: 50. November 27, 1965.
^ Jump up to: a b Morris, Edward (April 20, 2000). "Grand Ole Opry Looking Toward Building Its Audience". CMT/CMT News. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kienzle, Richard. (2003). Southwest shuffle: pioneers of honky-tonk, Western swing, and country jazz. New York: Routledge. pp. 254-257.
Jump up ^ Hall, Wade. (1998). "Pee Wee King". In The Encyclopedia of Country Music. Paul Kingsbury, Editor. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 283–4.
Jump up ^ "WSM Back in Court Again - Files 2d Suit Over Name". Billboard. 81 (21): 51. May 24, 1969.
Jump up ^ "Opry Records Sued For Infringement". Billboard. 80 (50): 29. December 14, 1968. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ WSM v. Bailey, United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee.297 F. Supp. 870 (M.D. Tenn. 1969), at 872-3.
Jump up ^ WSM v. Bailey, 297 F. Supp. 870 (M.D. Tenn. 1969), at 873.
Jump up ^ Opryland USA, Inc. v. The Great American Music Show, Inc., 970 F.2d 847 (Fed. Cir. 1992).
Jump up ^ US Trademark Trial and Appeal Board, opposition number 91188534.
Jump up ^ Lovel, Jim (December 20, 2004). "Cracker Barrel Reloads Marketing Arsenal". AdWeek. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Sponsors". Grand Ole Opry. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
References[edit]
Hay, George D. A Story of the Grand Ole Opry. 1945.
Kingsbury, Paul (1998). "Grand Ole Opry". In The Encyclopedia of Country Music. Paul Kingsbury, Editor. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 208–9.
Wolfe, Charles K. A Good-Natured Riot: The Birth of the Grand Ole Opry. Nashville: Country Music Foundation Press, 1999. ISBN 0-8265-1331-X.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Grand Ole Opry.
Official website
Grand Ole Opry on TV Internet Archive Complete show of April 28, 1956 in black & white
Library of Congress Local Legacies Project: Grand Ole Opry
Grand Ole Opry at Outlaws Old Time Radio Corner
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Grand Ole Opry
Founder: George D. Hay
Member Groups
Diamond Rio
Gatlin Brothers
Montgomery Gentry
Oak Ridge Boys
Old Crow Medicine Show
Osborne Brothers
Rascal Flatts
Riders in the Sky
The Whites
Member Female Artists
Terri Clark
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Jeanne Pruett
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Member Male Artists
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Jimmy Dickens
Joe Diffie
Vince Gill
Jack Greene
George Hamilton IV
Alan Jackson
Stonewall Jackson
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Del McCoury
Jesse McReynolds
Ronnie Milsap
Craig Morgan
Jimmy C. Newman
Brad Paisley
Stu Phillips
Ray Pillow
Charley Pride
Darius Rucker
Blake Shelton
Ricky Van Shelton
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Ralph Stanley
Marty Stuart
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Travis Tritt
Josh Turner
Keith Urban
Steve Wariner
Member Artist Legends
Roy Acuff
Patsy Cline
Carter Family
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Kitty Wells
[show]
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Members of the Grand Ole Opry
Roy Acuff
Trace Adkins
David "Stringbean" Akeman
Bill Anderson
Jack Anglin
Eddy Arnold
Ernest Ashworth
Chet Atkins
DeFord Bailey
Bobby Bare
Bashful Brother Oswald
Humphrey Bate
Dierks Bentley
Binkley Brothers' Dixie Clodhoppers
Clint Black
Margie Bowes
Rod Brasfield
Garth Brooks
Jim Ed Brown
The Browns
Carl Butler and Pearl
Archie Campbell
Bill Carlisle
Martha Carson
The Carter Sisters
Maybelle Carter
Johnny Cash
June Carter Cash
Roy Clark
Terri Clark
Zeke Clements
Patsy Cline
Jerry Clower
John Conlee
Stoney Cooper
Wilma Lee Cooper
Cowboy Copas
Dailey & Vincent
Charlie Daniels
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United States Senate election in New Jersey, 2018
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
United States Senate election in New Jersey, 2018
← 2012 November 6, 2018 2024 →
Nominee
Bob Menendez Bob Hugin
Party
Democratic Republican
Incumbent U.S. Senator
Bob Menendez
Democratic

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v
t
e
The 2018 United States Senate election in New Jersey will take place on November 6, 2018, in order to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the state of New Jersey. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Bob Menendez is running for reelection to a third term.
The candidate filing deadline was April 2, 2018, and the primary election was held on June 5, 2018.[1]
Contents
1 Democratic primary
1.1 Candidates
1.1.1 Declared
1.1.2 Withdrew
1.1.3 Declined
1.2 Polling
1.3 Results
2 Republican primary
2.1 Candidates
2.1.1 Declared
2.1.2 Withdrew
2.1.3 Declined
2.2 Endorsements
2.3 Polling
2.4 Results
3 Libertarian Party
3.1 Candidates
3.1.1 Declared
3.2 Endorsements
4 Green Party
4.1 Candidates
4.1.1 Declared
5 Independents
5.1 Candidates
5.1.1 Declared
6 General election
6.1 Fundraising
6.2 Predictions
6.3 Polling
6.4 Results
7 References
8 External links
Democratic primary[edit]
While he never lost support from any major New Jersey officials, after a mistrial was declared in Senator Menendez's corruption trial, party figures across New Jersey lined up with public endorsements of his reelection bid, including the "full support" of Governor Phil Murphy.[2] He formally declared his intention to run for reelection on March 28, 2018, alongside Governor Murphy and Senator Cory Booker.[3]
Candidates[edit]
Declared[edit]
Lisa McCormick, activist and candidate for Union County Clerk in 2010[4][5]
Bob Menendez, incumbent U.S. Senator[6]
Withdrew[edit]
Michael Starr Hopkins, attorney[7][8][9]
Declined[edit]
Robert Torricelli, former U.S. Senator[6][10]
Rob Andrews, former U.S. Representative[11]
Richard Codey, State Senator and former Governor[11]
Rush D. Holt Jr., former U.S. Representative[12]
Donald Norcross, U.S. Representative[6]
Frank Pallone, U.S. Representative[11][12]
Stephen M. Sweeney, President of the State Senate[11]
Polling[edit]
show
Hypothetical polling
Poll source
Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Rob
Andrews
Richard
Codey
Frank
Pallone
Stephen
Sweeney
Undecided
Harper Polling March 24–25, 2013 285 ± 5.8% 13% 33% 13% 6% 35%
Results[edit]
Results by county:
Menendez—70–80%
Menendez—60–70%
Menendez—50–60%
McCormick—50–60%
McCormick—60–70%
Democratic primary results
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Democratic Bob Menendez (incumbent) 262,477 62.3
Democratic Lisa McCormick 158,998 37.7
Total votes
421,475 100.0
Republican primary[edit]
Bob Hugin launched his primary campaign on February 13 in Springfield.[13] He began advertising on television two weeks later, attacking Menendez on the airwaves[14] and was soon considered the presumptive nominee.[15] His opponent, Brian Goldberg, attempted to connect himself to President Donald Trump and his supporters by inserting the President's abbreviated slogan, "MAGA", in to his ballot slogans and aligning himself with other pro-Trump, anti-establishment candidates.[16] Goldberg also attacked Hugin's running mates, urging Republicans to write-in the deceased Charlton Heston in primary races where a Republican congressional candidate was running unopposed.[17] Ultimately, Hugin won overwhelmingly with a majority of votes in each of the state's 21 counties.[18]
Candidates[edit]
Declared[edit]
Brian D. Goldberg, businessman and candidate for the U.S. Senate in 2014[19][20]
Bob Hugin, businessman and former Executive Chairman of Celgene Corporation[21]
Withdrew[edit]
Rich Pezzullo, businessman and perennial candidate (endorsed Bob Hugin, running for NJ-6)[22][23][24]
Hirsh Singh, aerospace engineer and candidate for Governor in 2017 (running for NJ-2)[20][25]
Dana Wefer, former Chairwoman of the Hoboken Housing Authority and candidate for Governor in 2017[26] (Did not submit enough petition signatures)
Declined[edit]
Jon Bramnick, Minority Leader of the New Jersey General Assembly[6] (endorsed Hugin)
Jack Ciattarelli, former State Assemblyman and candidate for Governor in 2017[27][28]
Michael J. Doherty, State Senator[29][30]
Kim Guadagno, former Lieutenant Governor and nominee for Governor in 2017[11][31]
Thomas Kean Jr., Minority Leader of the New Jersey Senate and nominee for the U.S. Senate in 2006[11][32]
Tom MacArthur, U.S. Representative[6] (endorsed Hugin)
Jay Webber, State Assemblyman and former Chairman of the New Jersey Republican State Committee (running for NJ-11)[29][33]
Jason Huf, Attorney (endorsed Menendez)[34][35]
Jeffrey Chiesa, former U.S. Senator[12]
Chris Christie, former Governor[12]
John Crowley, biotechnology executive[29]
Joe Kyrillos, former State Senator and nominee for the U.S. Senate in 2012[11]
Alison Littell McHose, former State Assemblywoman[12]
Bill Spadea, radio and TV show host and nominee for NJ-12 in 2004[29]
Jerry Watson[36]
Endorsements[edit]
showBob Hugin
State Politicians
Tom Kean, former Governor of New Jersey[37]
Christine Todd Whitman, former Governor of New Jersey[38]
Kim Guadagno, former Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey and nominee for Governor in 2017[39]
U.S. Representatives
Leonard Lance (R-NJ-07)[40]
Mike Ferguson (R-NJ-07, former)[41]
Tom MacArthur (R-NJ-03)
NJ State Legislators
Michael Patrick Carroll, state assemblyman[42]
Tom Kean Jr., state senator and senate Minority Leader[32]
Jon Bramnick, state assemblyman and assembly minority leader[43]
Anthony Bucco, state senator[44]
Tony Bucco, state assemblyman[44]
Nancy Munoz, state assemblywoman[44]
Kristin Corrado, state senator[45]
Jose Arango, former state assemblyman, chairman of the Hudson County Republican Party[46]
Holly Schepisi, state assemblywoman
BettyLou DeCroce, state assemblywoman
Parker Space, state assemblyman[47]
Steve Oroho, state senator[47]
Harold J. Wirths, state assemblyman[47]
Sheriffs
James Gannon, Morris County[48]
Mayors
Carlos Rendo, Mayor of Woodcliff Lake and nominee for Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey in 2017[49]
Doug Steinhardt, former Mayor of Lopatcong Township and Chairman of the New Jersey Republican State Committee[44]
Others
Jim Fozman, Brick councilman (Democrat)[50]
Richard Pezzullo, businessman and former candidate for U.S. Senate[44]
Jennifer Williams, first openly transgender delegate at the Republican National Convention[51]
Polling[edit]
show
Hypothetical polling
Poll source
Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Kim
Guadagno
Thomas
Kean
Joe
Kyrillos
Undecided
Harper Polling March 24–25, 2013 224 ± 6.6% 14% 41% 12% 33%
Results[edit]
Republican primary results
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Republican Bob Hugin 168,052 75.1
Republican Brian Goldberg 55,624 24.9
Total votes
223,676 100.0
Libertarian Party[edit]
Candidates[edit]
Declared[edit]
Murray Sabrin, Ramapo College finance professor and perennial candidate[52]
Endorsements[edit]
showMurray Sabrin
U.S. Representatives
Ron Paul, former Congressman, presidential candidate in 2008 and 2012[53]
Green Party[edit]
Candidates[edit]
Declared[edit]
Madelyn R. Hoffman, peace activist and 1997 Green Party gubernatorial candidate[54]
Independents[edit]
Candidates[edit]
Declared[edit]
Muhammad Usman[55]
General election[edit]
Fundraising[edit]
Campaign finance reports as of June 30, 2018
Candidate (party)
Total receipts
Total disbursements
Cash on hand
Bob Hugin (R) $16,720,776 $8,606,770 $8,114,006
Bob Menendez (D) $6,134,561 $1,350,279 $6,428,406
Source: Federal Election Commission[56]
Predictions[edit]
Source
Ranking
As of
The Cook Political Report[57] Likely D September 29, 2017
Inside Elections[58] Solid D September 29, 2017
Sabato's Crystal Ball[59] Likely D September 27, 2017
Fox News[60] Likely D^ July 9, 2018
CNN[61] Solid D July 12, 2018
RealClearPolitics[62] Lean D July 21, 2018
^Highest rating given
Polling[edit]
Poll source
Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Bob
Menendez (D)
Bob
Hugin (R)
Murray
Sabrin (L)
Other
Undecided
Quinnipiac University August 15–20, 2018 908 ± 4.6% 43% 37% – 2% 16%
Gravis Marketing (L-Sabrin) August 14–15, 2018 753 ± 3.6% 40% 30% 7% – 22%
Gravis Marketing July 6–10, 2018 563 ± 4.1% 43% 41% – – 16%
Fairleigh Dickinson University May 16–21, 2018 856 ± 3.5% 28% 24% – 1% 46%
Monmouth University April 6–10, 2018 632 ± 3.9% 53% 32% – 7% 7%
Quinnipiac University March 8–12, 2018 1,052 ± 4.2% 49% 32% – 1% 15%
show
Hypothetical polling
Kean vs. Andrews
Poll source
Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Rob
Andrews (D)
Thomas
Kean (R)
Undecided
Harper Polling March 24–25, 2013 760 ± 3.6% 17% 33% 50%
Codey vs. Kyrillos
Poll source
Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Richard
Codey (D)
Joe
Kyrillos (R)
Undecided
Harper Polling March 24–25, 2013 760 ± 3.6% 34% 25% 41%
Results[edit]
United States Senate election in New Jersey, 2018
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±
Democratic Bob Menendez (incumbent)
Republican Bob Hugin
Independent Natalie Rivera
Independent Kevin Kimple
Independent Tricia Flanagan
Independent Hank Schroeder
Libertarian Murray Sabrin
Green Madelyn Hoffman
Majority
Turnout
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "United States Senate election in New Jersey, 2018 - Ballotpedia". Retrieved March 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Gov-Elect Murphy breaks silence on Menendez". nj.com. Retrieved January 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ "After a Year of Turmoil, Menendez Announces He Is Seeking Re-Election". The New York Times. 28 March 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
Jump up ^ "Lisa McCormick – Fighting back to protect democracy". lisamccormick.org.
Jump up ^ "DDHQ 2018 Senate Races Ratings – Democratic Seats (Part I)".
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Cite error: The named reference menendez was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Jump up ^ "Former Obama, Clinton campaign official to face Sen. Bob Menendez in primary".
Jump up ^ Guild, Blair (December 4, 2017). "Former Clinton campaign staffer explores primary challenge to Sen. Bob Menendez". CBS News. Retrieved December 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ Hutchins, Ryan (March 2, 2018). "Former Clinton, Obama staffer drops primary challenge against Menendez". Politico New Jersey. Retrieved March 4, 2018.
Jump up ^ Alfaro, Alyana (November 16, 2017). "Torricelli Will Not Primary Menendez in 2018". Observer.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Cite error: The named reference cons was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Jordan, Bob (April 1, 2015). "What does the future hold for Menendez's Senate seat?". App.com. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Hugin launches campaign to unseat Menendez". Save Jersey.
Jump up ^ "Hugin flexes money muscle, preempts Menendez with February TV Spot". Save Jersey.
Jump up ^ "Menendez could be in for dogfight for Senate seat". ROINJ.
Jump up ^ "GOP longshots Goldberg, Grossman team up at the Jersey Shore". Save Jersey.
Jump up ^ "N.J. Senate primary candidate: Write in "Charlton Heston" over GOP's House incumbents (and recruits)". Save Jersey.
Jump up ^ "2018 Unofficial Primary Results" (PDF). New Jersey Department of State.
Jump up ^ "Goldberg Readies Second Run for U.S. Senate in 2018 -". savejersey.com. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
^ Jump up to: a b "Singh to Run for U.S. Senate". insidernj.com. Retrieved 2018-02-01.
Jump up ^ "Menendez just got a top-tier Republican challenger in U.S. Senate race".
Jump up ^ "Federal Election Commission - New Jersey - Senate". Sep 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Wildstein, David (February 13, 2018). "Pezzullo backs Hugin". PoliticsDW.com.
Jump up ^ "CD6 Flashpoint: Pezzullo Declares Challenge to Pallone". Insider NJ. March 4, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ "CONFIRMED: Singh will enter the GOP's NJ-02 primary »". 16 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Wildstein, David (January 26, 2018). "Ex-Sanders Democrat joins race for GOP Senate nod". PoliticsDW. Retrieved January 27, 2018.
Jump up ^ Pizarro, Max (November 16, 2017). "Ciattarelli has Not Ruled out Running Against Menendez". Insider NJ.
Jump up ^ Catalini, Michael (February 13, 2018). "GOP Senate hopeful jabs Menendez, distances self from Trump". AP. Retrieved February 25, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Hetrick, Christian (November 17, 2017). "The Republicans Who Could Challenge Menendez". Observer. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Pizarro, Max (January 20, 2018). "Doherty Says He'd Serve Again as Trump's NJ State Director". Insider NJ. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Lt. Gov. Kim Guadagno entering 2017 N.J. governor race".
^ Jump up to: a b "Senate Republican Leader Tom Kean Endorses Bob Hugin For Senate - Insider NJ".
Jump up ^ Westhoven, William (February 3, 2018). "Jay Webber says he's 'all-in' for run to replace Frelinghuysen". Daily Record. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Notes & Comments - The Law Firm of JASON HUF INTERNATIONAL, pc". www.huflaw.com. Retrieved 2018-03-21.
Jump up ^ "Israel, the Democrats and why I'm not running for Senate". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 2018-05-23.
Jump up ^ "WATSON, JERRY B - Candidate overview - FEC.gov". FEC.gov.
Jump up ^ https://www.northjersey.com/story/news/new-jersey/2018/06/14/republican-support-abortion-and-gay-marriage-njs-hugin-advertises/701075002/. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ https://www.northjersey.com/story/news/new-jersey/2018/06/14/republican-support-abortion-and-gay-marriage-njs-hugin-advertises/701075002/. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ "Menendez's Republican challenger: 'I'm offended' by senator's actions".
Jump up ^ Leonard Lance. "Proud to be part of this morning's announcement in support of my friend Bob Hugin for U.S. Senate. Bob is a Marine Corps veteran & successful businessman who helped bring life-saving cures to market & thousands of jobs to NJ. We need Bob Hugin's leadership in the U.S. Senate." Twitter.
Jump up ^ "Bob Hugin Announces GOP Candidacy for the U.S. Senate at Springfield Elks Club".
Jump up ^ https://www.insidernj.com/press-release/bob-hugin-receives-morris-county-gop-endorsements/
Jump up ^ "NJ article".
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Bob Hugin Declares his Candidacy for US Senate".
Jump up ^ "BobHugin on Twitter".
Jump up ^ "BobHugin on Twitter".
^ Jump up to: a b c "BobHugin on Twitter".
Jump up ^ "BobHugin on Twitter". Twitter.
Jump up ^ Carlos Rendo. "Bob and I grew up one block from each other in Union City, New Jersey and attended the same high school. I am proud to support this Union City native for the United States Senate!". Twitter.
Jump up ^ Nikita Biryukov (August 27, 2018). "Brick Democratic councilman endorses Hugin". New Jersey Globe.
Jump up ^ "Bob Hugin is the Republican New Jersey needs". July 31, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Sabrin to Seek Libertarian Party Nomination for U.S. Senate - Insider NJ". 25 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ron Paul endorses Murray Sabrin for US Senator from NJ". Libertarian Party. July 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ Biryukov, Nikita (July 17, 2018). "20 years later, Hoffman again running with the Green Party". New Jersey Gloeb. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ "USMAN, MUHAMMAD - Candidate overview - FEC.gov". FEC.gov.
Jump up ^ "Campaign finance data". Retrieved July 27, 2018.
Jump up ^ "2018 Senate Race Ratings". The Cook Political Report. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "2018 Senate Ratings". The Rothenberg Political Report. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "2018 Crystal Ball Senate race ratings". Sabato's Crystal Ball. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "2018 Senate Power Rankings". Retrieved July 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Key Races: Senate". Retrieved July 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Battle for the Senate 2018". Retrieved July 15, 2018.
External links[edit]
Candidates at Vote Smart
Candidates at Ballotpedia
Campaign finance at FEC
Campaign finance at Center for Responsive Politics
Official campaign websites
Tricia Flanagan (I) for Senate
Madelyn Hoffman (G) for Senate
Bob Hugin (R) for Senate
Kevin Kimple (I) for Senate
Bob Menendez (D) for Senate
Natalie Rivera (I) for Senate
Murray Sabrin (L) for Senate
Hank Schroeder (I) for Senate
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Louisiana elections, 2018

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Maine elections, 2018

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Maryland elections, 2018

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Mississippi elections, 2018

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Missouri elections, 2018

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New Hampshire elections, 2018

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New Jersey elections, 2018

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North Carolina elections, 2018

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Oregon state elections, 2018

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Pennsylvania elections, 2018

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Tennessee elections, 2018

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Washington elections, 2018

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West Virginia elections, 2018

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