text:
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)
Simplified Chinese: 上海合作组织
Russian: Шанхайская организация сотрудничества
Logo
Members Observers Dialogue partners Observer applicants Disputed territories
Abbreviation
SCO
Formation
15 June 2001
(superseded Shanghai Five group, founded on 26 April 1996)
Type
Mutual security, political, economic organisation
Headquarters
Beijing, China
Membership
8 member states[show]
China
India
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Pakistan
Russia
Tajikistan
Uzbekistan
4 observer states[show]
Afghanistan
Belarus
Iran
Mongolia
6 dialogue partners[show]
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Cambodia
Nepal
Sri Lanka
Turkey
4 guest attendances[show]
ASEAN
CIS
Turkmenistan
UN
Official language
Chinese and Russian
Secretary General
Rashid Alimov
Deputy Secretaries General
Sabyr Imandosov
Wang Kaiwen
Aziz Nosirov
Vladimir Potapenko
Website
SectSCO.org
The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), or Shanghai Pact,[1] is a Eurasian political, economic, and security alliance, the creation of which was announced on 15 June 2001 in Shanghai, China by the leaders of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan; the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Charter, formally establishing the organisation, was signed in June 2002 and entered into force on 19 September 2003. The original five nations, with the exclusion of Uzbekistan, were previously members of the Shanghai Five group, founded on 26 April 1996. Since then, the organisation has expanded its membership to eight countries when India and Pakistan joined SCO as full members on 9 June 2017 at a summit in Astana, Kazakhstan. The Heads of State Council (HSC) is the supreme decision-making body in the SCO, it meets once a year and adopts decisions and guidelines on all important matters of the organisation. Military exercises are also regularly conducted among members to promote cooperation and coordination against terrorism and other external threats, and to maintain regional peace and stability.[2][3]
The SCO is widely regarded as the "alliance of East", due to its growing centrality in Asia-Pacific, and has been the primary security pillar of the region.[4][5] Being the world's forefront regional organisation in economic power and political influence,[6][7] and one of the world's strongest military alliances,[8] it is also the largest regional organisation in the world in terms of geographical coverage and population, covering three-fifths of the Eurasian continent and nearly half of the human population. At present, the SCO is one of the world's most powerful and influential organisations.[9][10][11]
With the growing power and enlargement of the organisation, its scope of unity and cooperation has expanded to many other areas, including education, science, technology, health care, environmental protection, tourism, media, sports, humanitarian and culture, while extending its principle to include global governance and fostering of international relationships.[12][13] It has been a major partner of ASEAN, with both of the organisations establishing a cooperation model for the peace, stability, development and sustainability of the Asian continent, and in the field of security, economy, finance, tourism, culture and environmental protection.[14][15][16][17] Because of its vast influence and power on the global stage, the organisation plays a prominent role in shaping international politics, governance and affairs, and maintains diplomatic missions throughout the world.[18][4][19][20][21]
Contents
1 Origins
2 Organisational structure
3 Membership
3.1 Member states
3.2 Observer states
3.3 Dialogue partners
3.4 Guest attendances
3.5 Future membership possibilities
4 Activities
4.1 Cooperation on security
4.2 Military activities
4.3 Economic cooperation
4.4 Cultural cooperation
5 Summits
5.1 List of summits
6 Analysis
6.1 Relations with the West
6.2 Geopolitical aspects of the SCO
7 Current leaders of SCO member states
8 See also
9 References
10 Further reading
11 External links
Origins[edit]
The Shanghai Five grouping was created 26 April 1996 with the signing of the Treaty on Deepening Military Trust in Border Regions in Shanghai, China by the heads of states of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan.[22]
On 24 April 1997, the same countries signed the Treaty on Reduction of Military Forces in Border Regions in a meeting in Moscow, Russia.[23] On 20 May 1997, President of Russia Boris Yeltsin and prime minister of China Jiang Zemin signed a declaration on a "multipolar world".[24]
Russian President Vladimir Putin, Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev, Chinese President Jiang Zemin, Kyrgyz President Askar Akayev, and Tajik President Emomali Rahmon, at one time the leaders of the Shanghai Five.
Subsequent annual summits of the Shanghai Five group occurred in Almaty, Kazakhstan in 1998, in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan in 1999, and in Dushanbe, Tajikistan in 2000. At the Dushanbe summit, members agreed to "oppose intervention in other countries' internal affairs on the pretexts of 'humanitarianism' and 'protecting human rights;' and support the efforts of one another in safeguarding the five countries' national independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity, and social stability."[25]
In 2001, the annual summit returned to Shanghai. There the five member nations first admitted Uzbekistan in the Shanghai Five mechanism (thus transforming it into the Shanghai Six). Then all six heads of state signed on 15 June 2001 the Declaration of Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, praising the role played thus far by the Shanghai Five mechanism and aiming to transform it to a higher level of cooperation.
In June 2002, the heads of the SCO member states met in Saint Petersburg, Russia. There they signed the SCO Charter which expounded on the organisation's purposes, principles, structures and forms of operation, and established it in international law.
In July 2005, at the summit in Astana, Kazakhstan, with representatives of India, Iran, Mongolia and Pakistan attending a SCO summit for the first time, the president of the host country, Nursultan Nazarbayev, greeted the guests in words that had never been used before in any context: "The leaders of the states sitting at this negotiation table are representatives of half of humanity".[26]
By 2007 the SCO had initiated over twenty large-scale projects related to transportation, energy and telecommunications and held regular meetings of security, military, defence, foreign affairs, economic, cultural, banking and other officials from its member states.[citation needed]
In July 2015 in Ufa, Russia, the SCO decided to admit India and Pakistan as full members. Both signed the memorandum of obligations in June 2016 in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, thereby starting the formal process of joining the SCO as full members.[27] On 9 June 2017, at a summit in Astana, India and Pakistan officially joined SCO as full members.
The SCO has established relations with the United Nations in 2004 (where it is an observer in the General Assembly), Commonwealth of Independent States in 2005, Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 2005, the Collective Security Treaty Organization in 2007, the Economic Cooperation Organization in 2007, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in 2011, the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA) in 2014, and the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific in 2015.[28]
In 2017, SCO's eight full members account for approximately half of the world's population, a quarter of the world's GDP, and about 80% of Eurasia's landmass.
Organisational structure[edit]
The Council of Heads of State is the top decision-making body in the SCO. This council meets at the SCO summits, which are held each year in one of the member states' capital cities. The current Council of Heads of State consists of:
Almazbek Atambayev (Kyrgyzstan)
Emomalii Rahmon (Tajikistan)
Shavkat Mirziyoyev (Uzbekistan)
Xi Jinping (China)
Nursultan Nazarbayev (Kazakhstan)
Vladimir Putin (Russia)
Ram Nath Kovind (India)
Arif Alvi (Pakistan)
The Council of Heads of Government is the second-highest council in the organisation. This council also holds annual summits, at which time members discuss issues of multilateral cooperation. The council also approves the organisation's budget. The current Council of Heads of Government consists of:
Sooronbay Jeenbekov (Kyrgyzstan)
Kokhir Rasulzoda (Tajikistan)
Abdulla Aripov (Uzbekistan)
Li Keqiang (China)
Bakhytzhan Sagintayev (Kazakhstan)
Dmitry Medvedev (Russia)
Narendra Modi (India)
Imran Khan (Pakistan)
The Council of Foreign Ministers also hold regular meetings, where they discuss the current international situation and the SCO's interaction with other international organisations.[29]
The Council of National Coordinators coordinates the multilateral cooperation of member states within the framework of the SCO's charter.
The Secretariat of the SCO is the primary executive body of the organisation. It serves to implement organisational decisions and decrees, drafts proposed documents (such as declarations and agendas), function as a document depository for the organisation, arranges specific activities within the SCO framework, and promotes and disseminates information about the SCO. It is located in Beijing. The current SCO Secretary-General is Rashid Alimov of Tajikistan, appointed to the office of Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Secretary-General on January 2016.[30]
The Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS), headquartered in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, is a permanent organ of the SCO which serves to promote cooperation of member states against the three evils of terrorism, separatism and extremism. The Head of RATS is elected to a three-year term. Each member state also sends a permanent representative to RATS.[31]
The official working languages of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation are Chinese and Russian.
Membership[edit]
Main article: Member states of Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
Member states[32]
Observer states
Dialogue partners
Guest attendances
Member states[edit]
Date
Country
26 April 1996 China
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Russia
Tajikistan
15 June 2001 Uzbekistan
9 June 2017 India
Pakistan
Observer states[edit]
Putin with representatives from Iran and Mongolia, observers in the SCO, at a meeting of the Council of Heads of Government in 2005.
Afghanistan[33]
Afghanistan received observer status at the 2012 SCO summit in Beijing, China on 6 June 2012.[33]
Belarus[34]
In 2008, Belarus applied for partner status in the organisation and was promised Kazakhstan's support towards that goal.[citation needed] However, Russian Defence Minister Sergei Ivanov voiced doubt on the probability of Belarus' membership, saying that Belarus was a purely European country.[35] Despite this, Belarus was accepted as a Dialogue Partner at the 2009 SCO Summit in Yekaterinburg, and after applying in 2012, was granted observer status in 2015.[34]
Iran
Iran has observer status in the organisation, and applied for full membership on 24 March 2008.[36] However, because it was under sanctions levied by the United Nations at the time, it was blocked from admission as a new member. The SCO stated that any country under UN sanctions could not be admitted.[37] After the UN sanctions were lifted, Chinese president Xi Jinping announced its support for Iran's full membership in SCO during a state visit to Iran in January 2016.[38]
Mongolia
Mongolia became the first country to receive observer status at the 2004 Tashkent Summit. Pakistan, India and Iran received observer status at the 2005 SCO summit in Astana, Kazakhstan on 5 July 2005.
Dialogue partners[edit]
Afghan President Hamid Karzai at an SCO summit in 2004.
The position of Dialogue Partner was created in 2008.[39]
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Cambodia
Nepal
Nepal was granted dialogue partner status at the group's 2015 summit in Ufa, Russia.[40]
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka was granted dialogue partner status at the group's 2009 summit in Yekaterinburg.[41][42]
Turkey[33]
Turkey, a member of NATO, was granted dialogue partner status in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) at the group's 2012 summit in Beijing.[33] Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has stated that he has discussed the possibility of abandoning Turkey's European Union membership candidacy in return for full membership in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.[43] This was reinforced again on 21 November 2016, after the European Parliament voted unanimously to suspend accession negotiations with Turkey.[44] Two days later, on 23 November 2016, Turkey was granted the chairmanship of the energy club of SCO for the 2017 period. That made Turkey the first country to chair a club in the organisation without full membership status.
Guest attendances[edit]
ASEAN
CIS
Turkmenistan
UN
Future membership possibilities[edit]
In June 2010, the SCO approved the procedure of admitting new members, though new members have yet to be admitted.[37] Several states, however, participate as observers, some of whom have expressed interest in becoming full members in the future. The implications of Iran joining the organization has been given much thought academically.[45][46] In early September 2013 Armenian Prime Minister Tigran Sargsyan said during his meeting with his Chinese counterpart that Armenia would like to obtain an observer status in the SCO.[47]
Meanwhile, in 2012 Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka applied for observer status within the organization.[48] Egypt[49] and Syria have also submitted applications for observer status,[50] while Israel,[51][52] [53] Maldives and Ukraine[54] have applied for dialogue partner status.[55][56] Iraq also signaled its interest in becoming a Dialogue Partner of the SCO in 2017 during the visit to SCO headquarters in Beijing of Mr. Ahmed Tahseen Birwari, the Iraqi ambassador.[57] Bahrain and Qatar have also expressed interest in joining SCO.[58]
Activities[edit]
Cooperation on security[edit]
The SCO is primarily centered on its member nations' Central Asian security-related concerns, often describing the main threats it confronts as being terrorism, separatism and extremism. However evidence is growing that its activities in the area of social development of its member states is increasing fast.[citation needed][59][unreliable source?]
At SCO summit, held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, on 16–17 June 2004, the Regional Antiterrorism Structure (RATS) was established. On 21 April 2006, the SCO announced plans to fight cross-border drug crimes under the counter-terrorism rubric.[60]
In October 2007, the SCO signed an agreement with the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), in the Tajik capital Dushanbe, to broaden cooperation on issues such as security, crime, and drug trafficking.[61]
The organisation is also redefining cyberwarfare, saying that the dissemination of information "harmful to the spiritual, moral and cultural spheres of other states" should be considered a "security threat". An accord adopted in 2009 defined "information war", in part, as an effort by a state to undermine another's "political, economic, and social systems".[62] The Diplomat reported in 2017 that SCO has foiled 600 terror plots and extradited 500 terrorists through RATS.[63]
Military activities[edit]
SCO leaders at Peace Mission 2007. Hu Jintao, Vladimir Putin, Nursultan Nazarbayev and Islam Karimov
Over the past few years, the organisation's activities have expanded to include increased military cooperation, intelligence sharing, and counterterrorism.[64]
There have been a number of SCO joint military exercises. The first of these was held in 2003, with the first phase taking place in Kazakhstan and the second in China. Since then China and Russia have teamed up for large-scale war games in 2005 (Peace Mission 2005), 2007 and 2009, under the auspices of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. More than 4,000 soldiers participated at the joint military exercises in 2007 (known as "Peace Mission 2007") which took place in Chelyabinsk Russia near the Ural Mountains, as was agreed upon in April 2006 at a meeting of SCO Defence Ministers.[65][66] Russian Defence Minister Sergei Ivanov said that the exercises would be transparent and open to media and the public. Following the war games' successful completion, Russian officials began speaking of India joining such exercises in the future and the SCO taking on a military role. Peace Mission 2010, conducted 9–25 September at Kazakhstan's Matybulak training area, saw over 5,000 personnel from China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan conduct joint planning and operational maneuvers.[67]
The SCO has served as a platform for larger military announcements by members. During the 2007 war games in Russia, with leaders of SCO member states in attendance including Chinese President Hu Jintao, Russia's President Vladimir Putin used the occasion to take advantage of a captive audience. Russian strategic bombers, he said, would resume regular long-range patrols for the first time since the Cold War. "Starting today, such tours of duty will be conducted regularly and on the strategic scale", Putin said. "Our pilots have been grounded for too long. They are happy to start a new life".
On 4 June 2014, in the Tajik capital Dushanbe, the idea was brought up to merge the SCO with the Collective Security Treaty Organization. It is still being debated.
Economic cooperation[edit]
Russia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan are also members of the Eurasian Economic Union. A Framework Agreement to enhance economic cooperation was signed by the SCO member states on 23 September 2003. At the same meeting the Premier of the People's Republic of China, Wen Jiabao, proposed a long-term objective to establish a free trade area in the SCO, while other more immediate measures would be taken to improve the flow of goods in the region.[68][69] A follow up plan with 100 specific actions was signed one year later, on 23 September 2004.[70]
On 26 October 2005, during the Moscow Summit of the SCO, the Secretary General of the Organisation said that the SCO will prioritise joint energy projects; including in the oil and gas sector, the exploration of new hydrocarbon reserves, and joint use of water resources. The creation of an Inter-bank SCO Council was also agreed upon at that summit in order to fund future joint projects. The first meeting of the SCO Interbank Association was held in Beijing on 21–22 February 2006.[71][72] On 30 November 2006, at The SCO: Results and Perspectives, an international conference held in Almaty, the representative of the Russian Foreign Ministry announced that Russia is developing plans for an SCO "Energy Club".[73] The need for this "club" was reiterated by Moscow at an SCO summit in November 2007. Other SCO members, however, have not committed themselves to the idea.[74] However, during the 2008 summit it was stated that "Against the backdrop of a slowdown in the growth of world economy pursuing a responsible currency and financial policy, control over the capital flowing, ensuring food and energy security have been gaining special significance".[75]
At the 2007 SCO summit Iranian Vice President Parviz Davudi addressed an initiative that had been garnering greater interest and assuming a heightened sense of urgency when he said, "The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation is a good venue for designing a new banking system which is independent from international banking systems".[76]
The address by President Putin also included these comments:
We now clearly see the defectiveness of the monopoly in world finance and the policy of economic selfishness. To solve the current problem Russia will take part in changing the global financial structure so that it will be able to guarantee stability and prosperity in the world and to ensure progress.
The world is seeing the emergence of a qualitatively different geo-political situation, with the emergence of new centers of economic growth and political influence.
We will witness and take part in the transformation of the global and regional security and development architectures adapted to new realities of the 21st century, when stability and prosperity are becoming inseparable notions.[77]
Leaders present at the SCO summit in Yekaterinburg, Russia in 2009.
On 16 June 2009, at the Yekaterinburg Summit, China announced plans to provide a US$10 billion loan to SCO member states to shore up the struggling economies of its members amid the global financial crisis.[78] The summit was held together with the first BRIC summit, and the China-Russia joint statement said that they want a bigger quota in the International Monetary Fund.[79]
Cultural cooperation[edit]
Cultural cooperation also occurs in the SCO framework. Culture ministers of the SCO met for the first time in Beijing on 12 April 2002, signing a joint statement for continued cooperation. The third meeting of the Culture Ministers took place in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, on 27–28 April 2006.[80][81]
An SCO Arts Festival and Exhibition was held for the first time during the Astana Summit in 2005. Kazakhstan has also suggested an SCO folk dance festival to take place in 2008, in Astana.[82]
Summits[edit]
Summit of Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan) in 2007.
According to the Charter of the SCO, summits of the Council of Heads of State shall be held annually at alternating venues. The locations of these summits follow the alphabetical order of the member state's name in Russian.[83] The charter also dictates that the Council of Heads of Government (that is, the Prime Ministers) shall meet annually in a place decided upon by the council members. The Council of Foreign Ministers is supposed to hold a summit one month before the annual summit of Heads of State. Extraordinary meetings of the Council of Foreign Ministers can be called by any two member states.[83]
List of summits[edit]
Heads of State
Date
Country
Location
14 June 2001 China Shanghai
7 June 2002 Russia Saint Petersburg
29 May 2003 Russia Moscow
17 June 2004 Uzbekistan Tashkent
5 July 2005 Kazakhstan Astana
15 June 2006 China Shanghai
16 August 2007 Kyrgyzstan Bishkek
28 August 2008 Tajikistan Dushanbe
15–16 June 2009 Russia Yekaterinburg
10–11 June 2010 Uzbekistan Tashkent[84]
14–15 June 2011 Kazakhstan Astana[85]
6–7 June 2012 China Beijing
13 September 2013 Kyrgyzstan Bishkek
11–12 September 2014 Tajikistan Dushanbe
9–10 July 2015 Russia Ufa
23–24 June 2016 Uzbekistan Tashkent[86]
8–9 June 2017 Kazakhstan Astana
9–10 June 2018 (zh) China Qingdao[87]
TBD 2019 Kyrgyzstan
TBD 2020 Russia Chelyabinsk[88]
Heads of Government
Date
Country
Location
14 September 2001 Kazakhstan Almaty
— — —
23 September 2003 China Beijing
23 September 2004 Kyrgyzstan Bishkek
26 October 2005 Russia Moscow
15 September 2006 Tajikistan Dushanbe
2 November 2007 Uzbekistan Tashkent
30 October 2008 Kazakhstan Astana
14 October 2009 China Beijing[89]
25 November 2010 Tajikistan Dushanbe[90]
7 November 2011 Russia Saint Petersburg
5 December 2012 Kyrgyzstan Bishkek[91]
29 November 2013 Uzbekistan Tashkent
14–15 December 2014 Kazakhstan Astana
14–15 December 2015 China Zhengzhou
2–3 November 2016 Kyrgyzstan Bishkek
30 November 2017 Russia Sochi
11–12 October 2018 Tajikistan Dushanbe
Analysis[edit]
Relations with the West[edit]
While not a member state, the President of Iran Mahmoud Ahmadinejad used his speeches at the SCO to make verbal remarks towards the United States.[when?][92]
The United States applied for observer status in the SCO, but was rejected in 2005.[93]
At the Astana summit in July 2005, with the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq foreshadowing an indefinite presence of U.S. forces in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, the SCO requested the U.S. to set a clear timetable for withdrawing its troops from SCO member states. Shortly afterwards, Uzbekistan requested the U.S. to leave the K2 air base.[94]
The SCO has made no direct comments against the U.S. or its military presence in the region; however, some indirect statements at the past summits have been viewed by Western media outlets as "thinly veiled swipes at Washington".[95]
A European Parliament researcher expressed her view that "institutional weaknesses, a lack of common financial funds for the implementation of joint projects and conflicting national interests have prevented the SCO from achieving a higher level of regional cooperation".[96]
Geopolitical aspects of the SCO[edit]
SCO summit in Ufa, Russia in 2015
There have been many discussions and commentaries about the geopolitical nature of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. Matthew Brummer, in the Journal of International Affairs, tracks the implications of SCO expansion into the Persian Gulf.[97] Also, according to political scientist Thomas Ambrosio, one aim of SCO was to ensure that liberal democracy could not gain ground in these countries.[98]
Iranian writer Hamid Golpira had this to say on the topic: "According to Zbigniew Brzezinski's theory, control of the Eurasian landmass is the key to global domination and control of Central Asia is the key to control of the Eurasian landmass....Russia and China have been paying attention to Brzezinski's theory, since they formed the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation in 2001, ostensibly to curb extremism in the region and enhance border security, but most probably with the real objective of counterbalancing the activities of the United States and NATO in Central Asia".[99][100]
At a 2005 summit in Kazakhstan the SCO issued a Declaration of Heads of Member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation which addressed their "concerns" and contained an elaboration of the organisation's principles. It included: "The heads of the member states point out that, against the backdrop of a contradictory process of globalisation, multilateral cooperation, which is based on the principles of equal right and mutual respect, non-intervention in internal affairs of sovereign states, non-confrontational way of thinking and consecutive movement towards democratisation of international relations, contributes to overall peace and security, and call upon the international community, irrespective of its differences in ideology and social structure, to form a new concept of security based on mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and interaction."[101]
In November 2005 Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov reiterated that the "Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is working to establish a rational and just world order" and that "The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation provides us with a unique opportunity to take part in the process of forming a fundamentally new model of geopolitical integration".[102]
The People's Daily expressed the matter in these terms: "The Declaration points out that the SCO member countries have the ability and responsibility to safeguard the security of the Central Asian region, and calls on Western countries to leave Central Asia. That is the most noticeable signal given by the Summit to the world".[103]
A 2010 analysis in American Legion Magazine said that 'Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jiabao... has concluded that the United States is maneuvering "to preserve its status as the world's sole superpower and will not allow any country the chance to pose a challenge to it."'[104]
Current leaders of SCO member states[edit]
People's Republic of China
Xi Jinping
President of China
Republic of India
Narendra Modi
Prime Minister of India
Republic of Kazakhstan
Nursultan Nazarbayev
President of Kazakhstan
Kyrgyz Republic
Sooronbay Jeenbekov
President of Kyrgyzstan
Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Imran Khan
Prime Minister of Pakistan
Russian Federation
Vladimir Putin
President of Russia
Republic of Tajikistan
Emomali Rahmon
President of Tajikistan
Republic of Uzbekistan
Shavkat Mirziyoyev
President of Uzbekistan
See also[edit]
NATO
CSTO (ODKB)
Comecon
Warsaw Pact
Soviet Union
Sino-Russian relations since 1991
Asia–Europe Meeting
Asia Cooperation Dialogue
Eurasian Economic Union
Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia
References[edit]
Jump up ^ James A. Millward (2007). Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang. Columbia University Press. p. 336. ISBN 978-0-231-13924-3.
Suisheng Zhao (2004). Chinese Foreign Policy: Pragmatism and Strategic Behavior. M.E. Sharpe. p. 263. ISBN 978-0-7656-1284-7.
Constantine Menges (19 April 2005). China: The Gathering Threat: The Gathering Threat. Thomas Nelson Inc. p. 460. ISBN 978-1-4185-5166-7.
Martin Sieff (2009). Shifting Superpowers: The New and Emerging Relationship Between the United States, China, and India. Cato Institute. pp. 70–71. ISBN 978-1-935308-21-8.
Colin Mackerras; Foundation Professor in the School of Asian and International Studies Colin Mackerras (2 September 2003). China's Ethnic Minorities and Globalisation. Routledge. p. 168. ISBN 978-1-134-39288-9.
Central Asia: A Gathering Storm?. M.E. Sharpe. 1 January 2002. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-7656-0866-6.
Martin Sieff (8 March 2012). That Should Still Be Us: How Thomas Friedman's Flat World Myths Are Keeping Us Flat on Our Backs. John Wiley & Sons. p. 36. ISBN 978-1-118-24063-2.
Osborne, Samuel (20 November 2016). "Turkey could join bloc with Russia and China instead of EU, President Erdogan says". Independent. United Kingdom. Retrieved 9 June 2018. Turkey could join the Shanghai Pact with Russia and China instead of the European Union, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has said.
Greene, David; Morning Edition; Shafak, Elif (8 December 2017). "Exploring Politics And Religion In 'Three Daughters Of Eve'". National Public Radio, Inc. United States. Retrieved 9 June 2018. My generation, we grew up with very different values in Turkey. And now we have a different Turkey, where the political elites are talking about joining the Shanghai Pact. They're saying, you know, the EU is not for us. And the Shanghai Pact, as you know, with Russia, with China, with Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, that is the right place to be if you don't - if you have a very poor record of human rights and freedom of speech. I don't want my motherland to walk in the opposite direction.
Jump up ^ Zhihao, Zhang (5 June 2018). "SCO military drill seeks trust, stability". China Daily. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
Jump up ^ "About SCO". Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. Retrieved 2017-06-09.
^ Jump up to: a b "The SCO explores global governance for new era".
Jump up ^ "The future of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation".
Jump up ^ "SCO: THE MOST POWERFUL POLITICAL-MILITARY ORGANIZATION TO MEET IN TASHKENT".
Jump up ^ "Putin Says He Would Welcome a Meeting With Trump".
Jump up ^ "Is the SCO Emerging as Eastern Counterweight to NATO?".
Jump up ^ "India is Holding Back the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and BRICS - Eurasia Future". Eurasia Future. 23 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "SCO summit will be 'new milestone' in grouping's history: China - Times of India". The Times of India.
Jump up ^ RBTH, special to (24 July 2015). "SCO's next big challenge: Keeping the peace in Asia".
Jump up ^ "Qingdao summit to show SCO's growing role in global affairs".
Jump up ^ "Highlights from the 2018 Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Summit".
Jump up ^ "The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and BRICS Should Combine to Form a Single Cohesive Group - Eurasia Future". Eurasia Future. 7 June 2018.
Jump up ^ "Shanghai Cooperation Organisation | SCO". eng.sectsco.org.
Jump up ^ "Interview: Cambodian FM says Cambodia can bridge SCO and ASEAN - Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com.
Jump up ^ "SCO-ASEAN Cooperation for Mutual Interests". en.sco-russia.ru.
Jump up ^ "Rising influence of SCO". The Nation. 3 July 2018.
Jump up ^ "SCO, AIIB show China's evolving world leadership role - Opinion - Chinadaily.com.cn". www.chinadaily.com.cn.
Jump up ^ "Eyeing active role in regional and global diplomacy, China to push for SCO". Business Standard India. 8 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "China pushing to be more active in region, global diplomacy". The Economic Times. 8 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "The Shanghai Cooperation Organization". Retrieved October 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ Al-Qahtani, Mutlaq (2006). "The Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Law of International Organizations" (PDF). Chinese Journal of International Law. Oxford University Press. 5 (1): 130. ISSN 1540-1650.
Jump up ^ "Russian-Chinese Joint Declaration on a Multipolar World and the Establishment of a New International Order". United Nations General Assembly.
Jump up ^ Gill. "Shanghai Five: An Attempt to Counter U.S. Influence in Asia?". Brookings. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
Jump up ^ Kazinform, 5 July 2005.
Jump up ^ "India, Pakistan edge closer to joining SCO security bloc". The Express Tribune. 2016-06-24. Retrieved 2016-06-24.
Jump up ^ "External communication". Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. Retrieved 2017-06-09.
Jump up ^ "Session of the Council of Foreign Ministers from Member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation" (Press release). Kuala Lumpur: Embassy of the Russian Federation in Malaysia. 9 July 2007. Archived from the original on 8 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "Secretary-General". The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. 2015. Archived from the original on 13 January 2016. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Information on Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure of Shanghai Cooperation Organisation". Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. Archived from the original on 11 December 2008.
Jump up ^ "The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation". Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. Archived from the original on 8 September 2012. Retrieved 2012-09-18.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "SCO accepts Afghanistan as observer, Turkey dialogue partner". Xinhua. 7 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-06-07.
^ Jump up to: a b "Belarus gets observer status in Shanghai Cooperation Organization". Belarusian Telegraph Agency. 10 July 2015. Archived from the original on 31 July 2015. Retrieved 2015-08-08.
Jump up ^ Lantratov, Konstantin; Orozaliev, Bek; Zygar, Mikhail; Safronov, Ivan (27 April 2006). "The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation acquires military character". Kommersant. Beijing and Dushanbe: Kommersant Publishing House.
Jump up ^ "Iran applies for membership". Press TV. Archived from the original on 31 March 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Wu Jiao and Li Xiaokun (12 June 2010). "SCO agrees deal to expand". China Daily. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
Jump up ^ "China supports Iran's application for full membership of SCO". News (Xinhuanet). Tehran, Iran: Xinhua News Agency. 23 January 2016. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Regulations on the Status of Dialogue Partner of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation". The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. 28 August 2008. Archived from the original on 14 February 2012. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Press Release issued by Embassy of Nepal, Beijing on Nepal officially joined the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) as a dialogue partner". Government of Nepal - Ministry Of Foreign Affairs. 22 March 2016. Archived from the original on 4 August 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
Jump up ^ "Sri Lanka gains partnership in SCO members welcome end to terror in country". Ministry of Defence, Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. 30 December 2010. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
Jump up ^ Bedi, Rahul (2 June 2007). "Sri Lanka turns to Pakistan, China for military needs". IANS. Urdustan.com Network. Archived from the original on 4 June 2007. Retrieved 2 June 2007.
Jump up ^ Galip Dalay (14 May 2013). "Turkey between Shanghai and Brussels". The New Turkey. Archived from the original on 6 February 2016. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Daren Butler (21 November 2016). "Fed up with EU, Erdogan says Turkey could join Shanghai Group". Reuters. Retrieved 2016-11-21.
Jump up ^ M. Dorsey, James (2018). "How Much Solidarity with Iran can the China-led SCO afford?". IndraStra Global. New York (published May 31, 2018). 004: 0040. ISSN 2381-3652 – via SSOAR.
Jump up ^ Brummer, Matthew (2007). "The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and Iran: A Power-full Union". Journal of International Affairs.
Jump up ^ "Armenia seeking observer status at Shanghai organization". ArmeniaNow.com. ArmeniaNow.com. 11 September 2013. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
Jump up ^ Moskovskij Komsomolets (15 September 2012). "Azerbaijan asks to join a new alliance of China and Russia". Azeri Daily.
Jump up ^ "Syria, Egypt may join Shanghai Cooperation Organization as observers". TASS. Moscow, Russia: Russian News Agency TASS. 5 June 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
Jump up ^ "Syria applies for observer status at Shanghai security bloc — Russian Foreign Ministry". TASS. Moscow, Russia: Russian News Agency TASS. 13 February 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Syria, Israel, Egypt willing to join SCO's activity - president's special envoy". Interfax. 23 June 2016. Archived from the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 2016-06-23.
Jump up ^ "Xi's Eurasian visit: Shanghai Spirit gives new leap to SCO". CCTV. 2016-06-23. Retrieved 2016-06-23.
Jump up ^ "Syria, Egypt, Israel Apply to Join the SCO". Fort Russ. Retrieved 2016-07-30.
Jump up ^ Sputnik (10 July 2015). "Kiev Request For SCO Partner Status Still in Force". Sputnik News. Ufa, Russa.
Jump up ^ "Egypt applies to become dialogue partner of Shanghai security bloc — Kremlin aide". TASS. Russian News Agency TASS. 2015-07-06. Retrieved 2015-08-15.
Jump up ^ "Azerbaijan intends to become SCO observer". Trend News Agency. Baku, Azerbaijan. 10 February 2015. Retrieved 2015-08-15.
Jump up ^ "Iraqi Ambassador to Beijing meets secretary-General of the Shanghai cooperation organization". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iraq). Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "SCO receives membership requests from Qatar, Bahrain".
Jump up ^ Zaidi, Mujtaba Haider (20 August 2013). "The Shanghai Co-operation Organisation and US Supremacy". African Herald Express.
Jump up ^ Luan Shanglin (22 April 2006). "SCO to intensify fight against cross-border drug crimes". News (Xinhuanet). Beijing: Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 15 May 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Security alliances led by Russia, China link up". Business Recorder. Dushanbe. 6 October 2007.
Jump up ^ Gjelten, Tom (23 September 2010). "Seeing The Internet As An 'Information Weapon'". National Public Radio. Retrieved 23 September 2010.
Jump up ^ https://thediplomat.com/2017/12/indias-sco-challenge/
Jump up ^ "The Shanghai Cooperation Organization". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on 11 May 2010. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
Jump up ^ Hutzler, Charles (26 April 2006). "China, Russia, Others to Hold Joint Drills". Associated Press. Retrieved 12 June 2015 – via HighBeam Research. (Subscription required (help)).
Jump up ^ Yu, Bin (17 October 2007). "Common exercise, different goals". New York Times. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Boland, Julie (29 October 2010), Learning From The Shanghai Cooperation Organization's 'Peace Mission-2010' Exercise", The Brookings Institution, archived from the original on 28 June 2011
Jump up ^ Kyodo News (23 September 2003). "LEAD: Central Asian powers agree to pursue free-trade zone". Beijing: Kyodo News International, Inc. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "China Intensifies Regional Trade Talks". Archived from the original on 24 October 2007. International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD)
Jump up ^ China Foreign Ministry (23 September 2004). "Joint Communique of the Council of the Governmental Heads (Prime Ministers) of Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Member States" (Press release). Archived from the original on 30 March 2009.
Jump up ^ Blagov, Sergei (31 October 2005). "Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Eyes Economic, Security Cooperation". Eurasia Daily Monitor. The Jamestown Foundation. Archived from the original on 1 November 2007.
Jump up ^ "SCO Ministers of Foreign Economic Activity and Trade to meet in Tashkent". National Bank of Uzbekistan. Archived from the original on 15 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "Russia's Foreign Ministry develops concept of SCO Energy Club". Kazakhstan Today. Almaty, Kazakhstan: Gazeta.kz Internet Agency. 1 December 2006.
Jump up ^ Blagov, Sergei (6 November 2007). "Russia Urges Formation of Central Asian Energy Club". Eurasianet. The Open Society Institute. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Chronicle of Main Events of "Shanghai Five" and Shanghai Cooperation Organisation". The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. 2008. Archived from the original on 14 October 2008. [not in citation given]
Jump up ^ Mehr News Agency, 31 October 2008.
Jump up ^ Russia Today, 30 October 2008
Jump up ^ Deng Shasha (16 June 2009). "China to provide 10-billion-dollar loan to SCO members". News (Xinhuanet). Yekaterinburg, Russia: Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
Jump up ^ Yan (18 June 2009). "China, Russia sign five-point joint statement". News (Xinhuanet). Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 20 June 2009. Retrieved 23 June 2009. They also said that a new round of the IMF quota formula review and the reform schemes of the World Bank should be completed on time and that the emerging markets and developing countries should have a bigger say and broader representation in the international financial institutions.
Jump up ^ "Culture Ministers of SCO Member States Meet in Beijing". People's Daily. People's Daily Online. 13 April 2002. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "SCO Culture Ministers to Meet in Tashkent". Kazakhstan Today. Almaty, Kazakhstan: Gazeta.kz Internet Agency. 17 April 2006. Archived from the original on 18 April 2009.
Jump up ^ "Kazakhstan Backs Promotion of SCO Cultural Ties". KazInform. KazInform International News Agency. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Charter of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation". The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. Archived from the original on 13 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "Joint Communiqué of Meeting of the Council of the Heads of the Member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation". Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. Archived from the original on 10 July 2014.
Jump up ^ Tang Danlu (11 June 2010). "SCO vows to strengthen cooperation with its observers, dialogue partners". News (Xinhuanet). Tashkent, Uzbekistan: Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 6 November 2012. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
Jump up ^ Song Miou (10 July 2015). "Uzbekistan to host 16th SCO summit in 2016". News (Xinhuanet). Ufa, Russia: Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Iran FM in India to protect trade ties against US sanctions". PressTV. 28 May 2018. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
Jump up ^ https://ria.ru/politics/20180315/1516459534.html
Jump up ^ Ho, Stephanie (14 October 2009). "Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit Concludes in Beijing". VOANews.com. Beijing: Voice of America. Archived from the original on 26 October 2009. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
Jump up ^ Xinhua (25 November 2010). "Wen arrives in Tajikistan for SCO meeting". China Daily. Dushanbe, Tajikistan. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "SCO Meeting Expected to Boost Cooperation Among Members". The Gazette of Central Asia. Satrapia. 2 December 2012.
Jump up ^ "Ahmadinejad stresses need for a new world order". Press TV. Archived from the original on 3 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Hiro, Dilip (16 June 2006). "Shanghai surprise: The summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation reveals how power is shifting in the world". The Guardian.
Jump up ^ Varadarajan, Siddharth (8 July 2005). "Central Asia: China and Russia up the ante". The Hindu.
Jump up ^ Kucera, Joshua (19 August 2007). "Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Summiteers Take Shots at US Presence in Central Asia". Eurasianet. The Open Society Institute. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
Jump up ^ Grieger, Gisela (26 June 2015). "The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation" (pdf). European Parliament Think Tank. p. 1. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Journal of International Affairs. 2007. The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and Iran: A Power-full Union. Matthew Brummer
Jump up ^ Ambrosio (October 2008). "Catching the 'Shanghai Spirit': How the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Promotes Authoritarian Norms in Central Asia". Europe-Asia Studies. 60 (8).
Jump up ^ Golpira, Hamid (20 November 2008). "Iraq smoke screen". Tehran Times. Archived from the original on 4 August 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
Jump up ^ Rozoff, Rick (2009). The Shanghai Cooperation Organization: Prospects For A Multipolar World. Canada: Center for Global Research.
Jump up ^ "The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation". 13 July 2005. Archived from the original on 4 August 2014.
Jump up ^ UzReport, 28 November 2005
Jump up ^ People's Daily Online (8 July 2008), "Opinion: SCO sends strong signals for West to leave Central Asia", People's Daily, retrieved 11 June 2016
Jump up ^ Dowd, Alan W. (1 March 2010). "Friend or Foe?". American Legion Magazine. The American Legion.
Further reading[edit]
Mearsheimer, John (2016), "Shanghai Cooperation Organisation was never designed to compete with NATO", RT Interview.
Chabal, Pierre (2016), L'Organisation de Coopération de Shanghai et la construction de "la nouvelle Asie", Brussels: Peter Lang, 492 p.
Chabal, Pierre (2015), Concurrences Interrégionales Europe-Asie au 21ème siècle, Brussels: Peter Lang, 388 p.
Kalra, Prajakti and Saxena, Siddharth "Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and Prospects of Development in Eurasia Region" Turkish Policy Quarterly, Vol 6. No.2, 2007
Sznajder, Ariel Pablo, "China's Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Strategy", University of California Press, May 2006
Oresman, Matthew, ""Beyond the Battle of Talas: China's Re-emergence in Central Asia"" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-03-26. (4.74 MiB), National Defence University Press, August 2004
Gill, Bates and Oresman, Matthew, China's New Journey to the West: Report on China's Emergence in Central Asia and Implications for U.S. Interests, CSIS Press, August 2003
Fels, Enrico (2009), Assessing Eurasia's Powerhouse. An Inquiry into the Nature of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, Winkler Verlag: Bochum. ISBN 978-3-89911-107-1
Yom, Sean L. (2002). "Power Politics in Central Asia: The Future of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation". Harvard Asia Quarterly 6 (4) 48–54.
Stakelbeck, Frederick W., Jr. (8 August 2005). "The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation". FrontPageMagazine.com.
Navrozov, Lev (February 17, 2006). "The Sino-Russian 'Shanghai Cooperation Organization'". NewsMax.com. Archived from the original on 18 September 2006. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
Daly, John. (19 July 2001). "'Shanghai Five' expands to combat Islamic radicals". Jane's Terrorism & Security Monitor.
Colson, Charles. (5 August 2003). "Central Asia: Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Makes Military Debut". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.
Cohen, Dr. Ariel. (18 July 2001). "The Russia-China Friendship and Cooperation Treaty: A Strategic Shift in Eurasia?". The Heritage Foundation.
Cohen, Dr. Ariel. (24 October 2005). "Competition over Eurasia: Are the U.S. and Russia on a Collision Course?". The Heritage Foundation.
John Keefer Douglas, Matthew B. Nelson, and Kevin Schwartz; ""Fueling the Dragon's Flame: How China's Energy Demands Affect its Relationships in the Middle East"" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-12-12. (162 KiB), United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission, October 2006.
Baris Adibelli. "The Eurasia Strategy of China" IQ Publishing House, İstanbul, 2007.
Baris ADIBELLI, " The Great Game in Eurasian Geopolitics", IQ Publishing House, İstanbul, 2008.
Baris Adibelli, "Turkey-China Relations since the Ottoman Period", IQ Publishing House, İstanbul,2007.
Baris Adibelli, The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Dream of Turkey, Cumhuriyet Strateji,İstanbul, 2007.
Baris ADIBELLI, "Greater Eurasia Project", IQ Publishing House, İstanbul,2006.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.
Official website
SCO Info
show
v
t
e
Current leaders of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
Xi
Modi
Nazarbayev
Jeenbekov
Khan
Putin
Rahmon
Mirziyoyev
show
v
t
e
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)
Summits
Beijing 2012
Dushanbe 2014
Astana 2017
Member states
China
India
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Pakistan
Russia
Tajikistan
Uzbekistan
Observer states
Afghanistan
Belarus
Iran
Mongolia
Dialogue partners
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Cambodia
Nepal
Sri Lanka
Turkey
Guests
ASEAN
CIS
Turkmenistan
See also
Eurasian Land Bridge
Three Evils
Working languages
Chinese
Russian
show
v
t
e
Central Asian regional organizations
Central Asia plus Japan
Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Program
Central Asian Union (proposed)
Commonwealth of Independent States
Collective Security Treaty Organization
Eurasian Economic Community
Economic Cooperation Organization
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
Turkic Council
TAKM
show
v
t
e
Power in international relations
Types
Economic
Energy
Food
Hard
National
Power politics
Realpolitik
Smart
Soft
Sharp
Status
Small
Middle
Regional
Emerging
Great
Potential
Super
Hyper
Geopolitics
American (Pax)
Asian
British
Chinese
Indian
Pacific
History
List of ancient great powers
List of medieval great powers
List of modern great powers
International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919)
Theory
Balance of power
European
Center of power
Hegemonic stability theory
Philosophy of power
Polarity
Power projection
Power transition theory
Second Superpower
Sphere of influence
Superpower collapse
Superpower disengagement
Studies
Composite Index of National Capability
Comprehensive National Power
show
Organizations and groups by region or regions affected
Africa
African Union
Union for the Mediterranean
Africa–Asia
Arab League
Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC)
Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Americas
Mercosur
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Organization of American States (OAS)
Union of South American Nations (Unasur)
Asia
Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD)
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summits
Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)
Europe
Council of Europe (CE)
European Union (EU)
Nordic Council
Visegrád Group
Eurasia
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)
Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
Eurasian Economic Union (EaEU)
Turkic Council
North America–Europe
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Arctic Council
Africa–Asia–Europe
Union for the Mediterranean
Africa–South America
South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone
Oceania–Pacific
Australia–New Zealand–United States Security Treaty (ANZUS)
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG)
Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)
Polynesian Leaders Group (PLG)
Non–regional
Brazil–Russia–India–China–South Africa (BRICS)
Commonwealth of Nations
Francophonie
Colombia–Indonesia–Vietnam–Egypt–Turkey–South Africa (CIVETS)
E7
E9
G4
G7
G8
G8+5
G20
G24
G77
India–Brazil–South Africa Dialogue Forum (IBSA)
Mexico–Indonesia–Nigeria–Turkey (MINT)
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
Uniting for Consensus
Global
United Nations (UN)
show
v
t
e
Soviet Union topics
History
Index of Soviet Union-related articles
Russian Revolution
February
October
Russian Civil War
Russian SFSR
USSR creation treaty
New Economic Policy
Stalinism
Great Purge
Great Patriotic War (World War II)
Cold War
Khrushchev Thaw
1965 reform
Stagnation
Perestroika
Glasnost
Revolutions of 1989
Dissolution
Nostalgia
Post-Soviet states
Geography
Subdivisions
Republics
autonomous
Oblasts
autonomous
Autonomous okrugs
Closed cities
list
Regions
Caspian Sea
Caucasus Mountains
European Russia
North Caucasus
Siberia
Ural Mountains
West Siberian Plain
Politics
General
Constitution
Elections
Foreign relations
Brezhnev Doctrine
Government
list
Human rights
LGBT
Law
Leaders
Collective leadership
Passport system
State ideology
Marxism–Leninism
Leninism
Stalinism
Bodies
Communist Party
organisation
Central Committee
Politburo
Secretariat
Congress
General Secretary
Congress of Soviets (1922–1936)
Supreme Soviet (1938–1991)
Congress of People's Deputies (1989–1991)
Supreme Court
Offices
President
Premier
Deputy Premier
First Deputy Premier
Security services
Cheka
GPU
NKVD
MVD
MGB
KGB
Political repression
Red Terror
Collectivization
Great Purge
Population transfer
Gulag
list
Holodomor
Political abuse of psychiatry
Ideological repression
Religion
Suppressed research
Censorship
Censorship of images
Economy
Agriculture
Central Bank
Energy policy
Five-Year Plans
Net material product
Inventions
Ruble (currency)
Internet domain
Transport
Science
Communist Academy
Academy of Sciences
Academy of Medical Sciences
Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Sharashkas
Naukograds
list
Society
Crime
Demographics
Soviet people
working class
1989 census
Languages
Linguistics
Culture
Ballet
Cinema
Fashion
Literature
Music
opera
Propaganda
Sports
Stalinist architecture
Opposition
Soviet dissidents and their groups
list
Symbols
Anthem
republics
Emblem
republics
Flag
republics
Templates
Departments
Russian Revolution 1917
Joseph Stalin
Stagnation Era
Fall of Communism
Book
Category
Commons
Portal
WikiProject
show
v
t
e
Asia articles
History
Chronology
Indian Ocean trade
Silk Road
Imperialism
Decolonisation
By topic
Military
conflicts
Sovereignty
Geography
Cities
metropolitan areas
tallest buildings
Countries and territories
by population
Extreme points
Islands
Lakes
Mountains
Rivers
Regions
Asia-Pacific
Central Asia
East Asia
Eurasia
Inner Asia
North Asia
Northeast Asia
South Asia
Southeast Asia
Tropical Asia
Western Asia
Politics
Heads of government
Heads of state
Elections
political parties
Human rights
Law
Military
Intergovernmental
Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD)
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
Bay of Bengal Initiative (BIMSTEC)
Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (CCASG / GCC)
Mekong–Ganga Cooperation (MGC)
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)
Economy
Countries by GDP (PPP)
Countries by HDI
Currencies
Stock exchanges
Technology
renewable energy
Transport
airports
high-speed rail
Markets
Bond markets
Property markets
Society
Demographics
Education
Etiquette
Health
Languages
People
ethnic groups
Culture
Art
Cinema
Cuisine
Literature
Music
Philosophy
Religion
Sport
Future
Asian Century
Chinese Century
Indian Century
Pacific Century
Outline
Index
Book
Category
Portal
Maps
show
v
t
e
Regional organizations
Bodies
African Union
Arab League
Asia Cooperation Dialogue
APEC
OCS
ASEAN
BBIN
BIMSTEC
Caribbean Community
Central American Integration System
Commonwealth of Independent States
Commonwealth of Nations
Community of Latin American and Caribbean States
Council of Europe
East African Community
ECOWAS
Economic Cooperation Organization
Eurasian Economic Union
EU
GUAM
Gulf Cooperation Council
IORA
Latin American Parliament
Melanesian Spearhead Group
Mercosur
NATO
Nordic Council
OAS
PIF
Polynesian Leaders Group
RCEP
SCO
SAARC
TAKM
Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat
Turkic Council
Union of South American Nations
V4
West Nordic Council
Topics
Regional integration
Regional organizations by population
Regionalism (international relations)
International relations portal
Asia portal
China portal
India portal
Kazakhstan portal
Kyrgyzstan portal
Pakistan portal
Russia portal
Tajikistan portal
Uzbekistan portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation&oldid=865950098"
Categories:
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
International organizations of Asia
International military organizations
Intergovernmental organizations established by treaty
Organizations established in 1996
20th-century military alliances
21st-century military alliances
Post-Soviet alliances
Multilateral relations of Russia
China–Russia relations
Kazakhstan–Russia relations
Kyrgyzstan–Russia relations
Russia–Tajikistan relations
Russia–Uzbekistan relations
Pakistan–Russia relations
Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan relations
Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan relations
Tajikistan–Uzbekistan relations
Kazakhstan–Kyrgyzstan relations
Kazakhstan–Uzbekistan relations
United Nations General Assembly observers
Hidden categories:
Pages containing links to subscription-only content
All articles with failed verification
Articles with failed verification from June 2016
EngvarB from July 2015
Use dmy dates from July 2015
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from June 2017
Articles with unsourced statements from April 2008
Articles with unsourced statements from September 2008
All articles lacking reliable references
Articles lacking reliable references from July 2016
Interlanguage link template link number
All articles with vague or ambiguous time
Vague or ambiguous time from October 2018
Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
Asturianu
Azərbaycanca
বাংলা
Башҡортса
Беларуская
Български
Català
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Føroyskt
Français
客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî
한국어
Հայերեն
हिन्दी
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Íslenska
Italiano
עברית
ქართული
Қазақша
Kurdî
Кыргызча
Lietuvių
Magyar
მარგალური
مازِرونی
Bahasa Melayu
Монгол
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча
پښتو
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
سنڌي
Slovenčina
کوردی
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
Татарча/tatarça
ไทย
Тоҷикӣ
Türkçe
Українська
اردو
ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche
Tiếng Việt
粵語
中文
55 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 27 October 2018, at 07:26 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

value: p

value: caption

attrs: href title

values:
/wiki/Russian_Language
mw-redirect
Russian Language

value: span

value: td

attrs: colspan style

value: tr

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (logo).svg

attrs: href class

attrs: class style

values: border:none; padding:1px .6em; background-color:#346733; color:black; font-size:95%; line-height:1.25; text-align:center;

values: border:none; padding:1px .6em; background-color:#000080; color:black; font-size:95%; line-height:1.25; text-align:center;

values: border:none; padding:1px .6em; background-color:#800080; color:black; font-size:95%; line-height:1.25; text-align:center;

values: border:none; padding:1px .6em; background-color:#00A0A0; color:black; font-size:95%; line-height:1.25; text-align:center;

values: border:none; padding:1px .6em; background-color:#00FF00; color:black; font-size:95%; line-height:1.25; text-align:center;

values: list-style: none none; margin-left: 0px; text-align: left; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: inherit; display: none;

values:
NavFrame collapsed
border: none; padding: 0;
NavFrame1

values:
NavFrame collapsed
border: none; padding: 0;
NavFrame2

values:
NavFrame collapsed
border: none; padding: 0;
NavFrame3

values:
NavFrame collapsed
border: none; padding: 0;
NavFrame4

values:
nofollow
external text
http://eng.sectsco.org

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

values:
/wiki/Emomalii_Rahmon
mw-redirect
Emomalii Rahmon

values:
/wiki/Three_evils
mw-redirect
Three evils

values: Member states of Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

values: display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #0000FF; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;

values: -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column

values: display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #008080; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;

values: display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #FFFF00; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;

values: display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #00FFFF; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2008)

values: Accession of Turkey to the European Union

values: Edit section: Future membership possibilities

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2008)

values: The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (July 2016)

values: Premier of the People's Republic of China

values:
/wiki/Free_trade_area
mw-redirect
Free trade area

values: zh:2018年上海合作组织青岛峰会

values:
noprint
font-size:85%; font-style: normal;

values: The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (October 2018)

values: Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers

values: Edit section: Geopolitical aspects of the SCO

values:
/wiki/The_People%27s_Daily
mw-redirect
The People's Daily

values: Edit section: Current leaders of SCO member states

values: President of the People's Republic of China

values:
nofollow
http://eng.sectsco.org/about_sco/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://tass.com/world/1007980

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/1540-1650

values:
nofollow
http://eng.sectsco.org/cooperation/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.sectsco.org/fk-03.html

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.sectsco.org/EN/2012.asp

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/2381-3652

values:
nofollow
external text
http://azeridaily.com/politics/957

values:
nofollow
external text
http://tass.ru/en/world/799107

values:
/wiki/Russian_News_Agency_TASS
mw-redirect
Russian News Agency TASS

values:
nofollow
external text
http://tass.ru/en/world/777468

values:
nofollow
external text
http://tass.ru/en/world/806320

values:
nofollow
http://www.cfr.org/publication/10883/
external text

values: The site requires a paid subscription to access this page.

values:
/wiki/The_Brookings_Institution
mw-redirect
The Brookings Institution

values:
nofollow
external text
http://eng.nbu.com/news/read.php?id=421

values:
nofollow
external text
http://eng.gazeta.kz/art.asp?aid=84086

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.sectsco.org/html/00030.html

values: The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (June 2016)

values:
nofollow
external text
http://eng.gazeta.kz/art.asp?aid=74059

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.sectsco.org/html/00096.html

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
http://www.barisadibelli.com/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://infoshos.ru/en/
external text

values: Template talk:Current SCO Leaders (page does not exist)

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-made-collapsible

values: Template talk:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

values: Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Program

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values: International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919)

values: Balance of power (international relations)

values:
/wiki/Power_(philosophy)
mw-redirect
Power (philosophy)

values: Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf

values: China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit

values: South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

values: South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone

values:
/wiki/G-20_major_economies
mw-redirect
G-20 major economies

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-made-collapsible

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values: Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

values:
navbox-image
7
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics of the Soviet Union

values:
/wiki/List_of_closed_cities
mw-redirect
List of closed cities

values: Collective leadership in the Soviet Union

values: Ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

values: Organization of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

values: Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

values: Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

values: Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

values: Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

values: General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

values: Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union

values: First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union

values:
/wiki/Soviet_security_services
mw-redirect
Soviet security services

values: Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)

values: Political repression in the Soviet Union

values: Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union

values: Ideological repression in the Soviet Union

values: Censorship of images in the Soviet Union

values: Five-year plans for the national economy of the Soviet Union

values: National anthems of the Soviet Union and Union Republics

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-made-collapsible

values: List of sovereign states by date of formation

values:
/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Asia
mw-redirect
List of cities in Asia

values: List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia

values:
/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Asia
mw-redirect
List of islands of Asia

values: Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation

values: Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership

values: List of Asian and Pacific countries by GDP (PPP)

values: List of sovereign states in Asia and Oceania by Human Development Index

values:
/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Asia
mw-redirect
High-speed rail in Asia

values: Bond markets in East Asia and South East Asia

values: South East Asian and Hong Kong property markets

values:
/wiki/History_of_Eastern_art
mw-redirect
History of Eastern art

values: Maps of present-day countries and dependencies

values: Community of Latin American and Caribbean States

values: Economic Community of West African States

values: GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development

values: List of regional organizations by population

values: Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg

values:
noprint metadata navbox
navigation
Portals
font-weight:bold;padding:0.4em 2em

values: Category:International organizations of Asia

values: Category:Intergovernmental organizations established by treaty

values: Category:Organizations established in 1996

values: Category:Multilateral relations of Russia

values: Category:United Nations General Assembly observers

values: Category:Pages containing links to subscription-only content

values: Category:All articles with failed verification

values: Category:Articles with failed verification from June 2016

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2017

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2008

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2008

values: Category:All articles lacking reliable references

values: Category:Articles lacking reliable references from July 2016

values: Category:Interlanguage link template link number

values: Category:All articles with vague or ambiguous time

values: Category:Vague or ambiguous time from October 2018

values: Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: منظمة شانغهاي للتعاون – Arabic

values: Organización de Cooperación de Shanghái – Asturian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ast
display: none;

values: Şanxay Əməkdaşlıq Təşkilatı – Azerbaijani

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

values: সাংহাই সহযোগিতা সংস্থা – Bangla

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bn
display: none;

values: Шанхай хеҙмәттәшлек ойошмаһы – Bashkir

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ba
display: none;

values: Шанхайская арганізацыя супрацоўніцтва – Belarusian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be
display: none;

values: Шанхайска организация за сътрудничество – Bulgarian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values: Organització de Cooperació de Shanghai – Catalan

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values: Šanghajská organizace pro spolupráci – Czech

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values: Shanghai Cooperation Organisation – Danish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values: Shanghaier Organisation für Zusammenarbeit – German

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-de
display: none;

values: Shanghai Koostööorganisatsioon – Estonian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values: Οργανισμός Συνεργασίας της Σαγκάης – Greek

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values: Organización de Cooperación de Shanghái – Spanish

values: Ŝanhaja Organizo por Kunlaboro – Esperanto

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values: سازمان همکاری شانگهای – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values: Shanghai Cooperation Organisation – Faroese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fo
display: none;

values: Organisation de coopération de Shanghai – French

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fr
display: none;

values: Sông-hói Ha̍p-chok Chû-chṳt – Hakka Chinese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hak
display: none;

values: 상하이 협력 기구 – Korean

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values: Շանհայի համագործակցության կազմակերպություն – Armenian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

values: शंघाई सहयोग संगठन – Hindi

values: Šangajska organizacija za suradnju – Croatian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

values: Organisasi Kerja Sama Shanghai – Indonesian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-is
display: none;

values: Organizzazione per la Cooperazione di Shanghai – Italian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: ארגון שאנגחאי לשיתוף פעולה – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values: შანხაის თანამშრომლობის ორგანიზაცია – Georgian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ka
display: none;

values: Шанхай Ынтымақтастық Ұйымы – Kazakh

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ku
display: none;

values: Шанхай кызматташтык уюму – Kyrgyz

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ky
display: none;

values: Šanchajaus bendradarbiavimo organizacija – Lithuanian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

values: Sanghaji Együttműködési Szervezet – Hungarian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values: შანხაიშ ალახანდალაშ ორგანიზაცია – Mingrelian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf
display: none;

values: شانگهای کایری سازمان – Mazanderani

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn
display: none;

values: Шанхайн хамтын ажиллагааны байгууллага – Mongolian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uz
display: none;

values: شانگهای د همکاريو سازمان – Pashto

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ps
display: none;

values: Szanghajska Organizacja Współpracy – Polish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: Organização para Cooperação de Xangai – Portuguese

values: Organizația pentru Cooperare de la Shanghai – Romanian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values: Шанхайская организация сотрудничества – Russian

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values: شنگهائي تعاون تنظيم – Sindhi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sd
display: none;

values: Šanghajská organizácia spolupráce – Slovak

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sk
display: none;

values: ڕێکخراوەی ھاوکاریی شانگھای – Central Kurdish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb
display: none;

values: Шангајска организација за сарадњу – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values: Šangajska organizacija za saradnju – Serbo-Croatian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values: Shanghai Co-operation Organisation – Swedish

values: องค์การความร่วมมือเซี่ยงไฮ้ – Thai

values: Созмони ҳамкории Шанхай – Tajik

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tg
display: none;

values: Шанхайська організація співробітництва – Ukrainian

values: شنگھائی تعاون تنظیم – Urdu

values: شاڭخەي ھەمكارلىق تەشكىلاتى – Uyghur

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ug
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue
display: none;

values: 上海合作组织 – Chinese

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation rootpage-Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation skin-vector action-view


text:
Orissa High Court
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Odisha High Court
Established
26 July 1948
Country
India
Location
Cuttack, Odisha
Composition method
Presidential with confirmation of Chief Justice of India and Governor of respective state.
Authorized by
Constitution of India
Decisions are appealed to
Supreme Court of India
Judge term length
Till 62 years of age
No. of positions
22
Website
http://www.orissahighcourt.nic.in
Chief Justice
Currently
Hon'ble Shri Justice Kalpesh Satyendra Jhaveri
Since
12 August 2018
This article is part of a series on
Odisha
Governance
Governors
Chief Ministers
Legislative Assembly
Political Parties
High Court
Police
Topics
Arts
Cinema
Cuisine
Culture
Odia Hindu Wedding
Economy
Education
Elections
Festivals
Flora and Fauna
Geography
Highest Point
History
Historic Sites
Maritime History
Rulers
Language
Alphabet
Act
Literature
Morphology
Kosli
People
Tribes
Odissi
Politics
Sports
Tourism
GI Products
Berhampur Patta
Bomkai Sari
Dhalapathar Parda & Fabrics
Ganjam Kewda Flower
Ganjam Kewda Rooh
Gopalpur Tussar Fabrics
Habaspuri Saree & Fabrics
Khandua
Konark Stone Carving
Kotpad Handloom fabrics
Orissa Ikat
Pattachitra
Pipili applique work
Sambalpuri saree
Districts
Divisions
Angul
Balangir
Balasore
Bargarh
Bhadrak
Boudh
Cuttack
Deogarh
Dhenkanal
Gajapati
Ganjam
Jagatsinghpur
Jharsuguda
Jajpur
Kalahandi
Kandhamal
Kendrapada
Kendujhar
Khordha
Koraput
Malkangiri
Mayurbhanj
Nabrangpur
Nayagarh
Nuapada
Puri
Rayagada
Sambalpur
Subarnapur
Sundargarh
Odisha Portal
v
t
e
View of High Court of Odisha new building from Ravenshaw Collegiate School
The Odisha High Court is the High Court of the state of Odisha.
Bengal Presidency was a vast province including present day Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, and West Bengal. It was difficult to administratively manage such a vast area, inhabited by people speaking in different languages and having different traditions. Administrative exigencies required separation of such areas which originally did not from part of Bengal. So, new province of Bihar and Odishsa was formed on 22 March 1912. However, the said new province of Bihar and Odisha was under the jurisdiction of Calcutta High Court.

On 9 February 1916, in exercise of the powers under Section 113 of the Government of India Act, 1915, the King of England issued letters of patent constituting High Court of Patna. Odisha was placed under the jurisdiction of Patna High Court. Although, on 18 May 1916, Circuit Court of Patna High Court for Odisha held its first sitting at Cuttack.
On 1 April 1936, Odisha was made a separate province but no separate High Court was provided for it. People raised their voice for a separate High Court in their state. After a long battle, Government of India agreed to create a new High Court, and for that purpose the Government of India issued the Odisha High Court Order, 1948, under the Section 229(1) of the Government of India Act, 1935, on 30 April 1948. This order clearly stated that "from the 5th day of July, 1948, there shall be a Court for the Province of Orissa, which shall be a Court of Record". Finally, on 26 July 1948, Odisha High Court was formally inaugurated.
The seat of the court is Cuttack. The court has a sanctioned judge strength of 27.
Contents
1 The Chief Justice
2 Former Chief Justices
3 Odisha High Court Chief Justices serving as Judges of the Supreme Court of India
4 References
5 External links
The Chief Justice[edit]
Justice K.S. Jhaveri of the Rajasthan High Court has been appointed as the Chief Justice of the Odisha High Court subsequent to Justice Saran's elevation to the Supreme Court of India.
Former Chief Justices[edit]
#
Chief Justice
Term
1 Bira Kishore Ray 26 July 1948 – 30 October 1951
2 B. Jagannadha Das 31 October 1951 – 3 March 1953
3 Lingaraj Panigrahi 4 March 1953 – 21 March 1956
4 R. Laxman Narasimham 22 March 1956 – 27 December 1964
5 Khaleel Ahmed 18 January 1965 – 5 April 1967
6 Satya Bhusan Burman 6 April 1967 – 30 April 1969
7 Gati Krushna Misra 1 May 1969 – 30 October 1975
8 Siba Narayan Shankar 1 November 1975 – 12 October 1977
9 Sukanta Kishor Ray 13 October 1977 – 4 November 1980
10 Ranganath Misra (acting) 16 January 1981 – 14 March 1983
11 Dambarudhar Pathak 11 August 1983 – 28 February 1986
12 Harilal Agrawal 1 May 1986 – 31 July 1989
13 Banwarilal Hansaria 22 February 1990 – 13 December 1993
14 Girish Thakurlal Nanavati 31 January 1994 – 27 September 1994
15 Vallabhdas Aidan Mohta 28 September 1994 – 25 April 1995
16 Sailendu Nath Pukhan 2 August 1996 – 27 January 1999
17 Biswanath Agrawal 18 November 1999 – 18 October 2000
18 N.Y. Hanumanthapa 17 February 2001 – 24 September 2001
19 P. K. Balsubramanyan 5 December 2001 – 10 March 2003
20 Sujit Barman Roy 9 April 2003 – 27 January 2007
21 A.K. Ganguly 2 March 2007 – 18 May 2008
22 Balbir Singh Chauhan 16 July 2008 – 10 May 2009
23 I.M. Quddusi 11 May 2009 – 13 November 2009
24 Bilal Nazki 14 November 2009 – 17 November 2009
25 Venkate Gopala Gowda 25 March 2010 – 26 February 2013
26 C. Nagappan 27 February 2013 – 16 September 2013
27 Adarsh Kumar Goel 10 October 2013 - July 2014
28 Amitava Roy 5 August 2014 – 25 February 2015
29 Dhirendra Hiralal Waghela 13 April 2015 - 14 Feb 2016
acting Pradip Kumar Mohanty 14 Feb 2016 - 26 Feb 2016
30 Vineet Saran (designate) 26 Feb 2016[1] - 07 Aug 2018
Odisha High Court Chief Justices serving as Judges of the Supreme Court of India[edit]
Hon'ble Mr. Justice A.K. Patnaik
Hon'ble Mr. Justice B. S. Chauhan
Hon'ble Mr. Justice C. Nagappan
Hon'ble Mr. Justice Dipak Misra
Hon'ble Mr. Justice Venkate Gopala Gowda
Hon'ble Mr. Justice Adarsh Kumar Goel
Hon'ble Mr. Justice Amitava Roy
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Justice Saran to be sworn in as Chief Justice of Orissa HC". OdishaSunTimes.com. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
External links[edit]
Jurisdiction and Seats of Indian High Courts
Judge strength in High Courts increased
Orissa High Court website
http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/from-list-of-6-sc-collegium-picks-orissa-chief-justice-for-elevation/
show
v
t
e
High courts of India
Allahabad High Court
Bombay High Court
Calcutta High Court
Chhattisgarh High Court
Delhi High Court
Gujarat High Court
Gauhati High Court
Himachal Pradesh High Court
Hyderabad High Court
Jammu and Kashmir High Court
Jharkhand High Court
Karnataka High Court
Kerala High Court
Madhya Pradesh High Court
Madras High Court
Manipur High Court
Meghalaya High Court
Odisha High Court
Patna High Court
Punjab and Haryana High Court
Rajasthan High Court
Sikkim High Court
Tripura High Court
Uttarakhand High Court
show
v
t
e
State of Odisha
Capital: Bhubaneswar
Governance
Governors
Chief Ministers
Legislative Assembly
Political parties
High Court
Police
Topics
Arts
Cinema
Cuisine
Culture
Economy
Education
Elections
Flora and Fauna
Geography
Highest point
History
Historic sites
Rulers
Language
Act
Alphabet
Literature
Morphology
People
Politics
Sports
Tourism
GI Products
Berhampur Patta
Bomkai Sari
Dhalapathar Parda & Fabrics
Ganjam Kewda Flower
Ganjam Kewda Rooh
Gopalpur Tussar Fabrics
Habaspuri Saree & Fabrics
Khandua
Konark Stone Carving
Kotpad Handloom fabrics
Orissa Ikat
Pattachitra
Pipili applique work
Sambalpuri saree
Districts and divisions
Northern Division
Angul
Balangir
Bargarh
Deogarh
Dhenkanal
Jharsuguda
Kendujhar
Sambalpur
Subarnapur
Sundargarh
Central Division
Balasore
Bhadrak
Cuttack
Jagatsinghpur
Jajpur
Kendrapada
Khordha
Mayurbhanj
Nayagarh
Puri
Southern Division
Boudh
Gajapati
Ganjam
Kalahandi
Kandhamal
Koraput
Malkangiri
Nabrangpur
Nuapada
Rayagada
Cities
Angul
Balasore
Barbil
Bargarh
Baripada
Bhadrak
Bhubaneswar
Berhampur
Cuttack
Dhenkanal
Jajpur
Jharsuguda
Puri
Rourkela
Sambalpur
Odisha portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orissa_High_Court&oldid=856338155"
Categories:
High Courts of India
Government of Odisha
1948 establishments in India
Hidden categories:
Use dmy dates from August 2015
Use Indian English from August 2015
All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
हिन्दी
ଓଡ଼ିଆ
தமிழ்
Edit links
This page was last edited on 24 August 2018, at 14:24 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

value: th

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Governors_of_states_of_India
mw-redirect
Governors of states of India

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.orissahighcourt.nic.in

values: text-align:center;background-color: #E7E7FF; border-top:solid 1px #aaa;

values: padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;padding-top:0;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em;background:#003A6C; color:#FFFFFF; border:1px double #003A6C;

values:
/wiki/File:Seal_of_Odisha.png
image
Emblem of Odisha

values: padding:0.1em;background:#FFFFFF; color:#FFFFFF; border:1px double #003A6C;

values:
/wiki/Odisha_High_Court
mw-redirect
Odisha High Court

values:
/wiki/Kosli_language
mw-redirect
Kosli language

values: Berhampur Patta (Phoda Kumbha) Saree & Joda

values:
/wiki/Konark_Stone_Carving
mw-redirect
Konark Stone Carving

values:
/wiki/Orissa_Ikat
mw-redirect
Orissa Ikat

values:
/wiki/Districts_of_Odisha
mw-redirect
Districts of Odisha

values:
/wiki/Divisions_of_Odisha
mw-redirect
Divisions of Odisha

values:
/wiki/Deogarh_district
mw-redirect
Deogarh district

values:
/wiki/Kendrapada_district
mw-redirect
Kendrapada district

values:
/wiki/Keonjhar_district
mw-redirect
Keonjhar district

values:
/wiki/Khordha_District
mw-redirect
Khordha District

values:
/wiki/Sundargarh_district
mw-redirect
Sundargarh district

values: float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border:1px double #003A6C; background:#FFFFFF;

values:
/wiki/High_Courts_of_India
mw-redirect
High Courts of India

values:
/wiki/Indian_state
mw-redirect
Indian state

values:
/wiki/Bihar_and_Orissa
mw-redirect
Bihar and Orissa

values:
/wiki/Government_of_India_Act_1935
mw-redirect
Government of India Act 1935

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values:
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
/wiki/A.K._Ganguly
mw-redirect
A.K. Ganguly

values:
/wiki/Balbir_Singh_Chauhan
mw-redirect
Balbir Singh Chauhan

values:
/wiki/I.M._Quddusi
mw-redirect
I.M. Quddusi

values:
/wiki/C._Nagappan
mw-redirect
C. Nagappan

values: Edit section: Odisha High Court Chief Justices serving as Judges of the Supreme Court of India

values:
/wiki/A.K._Patnaik
mw-redirect
A.K. Patnaik

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
http://www.orissahighcourt.nic.in/
external text

values:
/wiki/High_courts_of_India
mw-redirect
High courts of India

values:
/wiki/Gujarat_High_Court
mw-redirect
Gujarat High Court

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values: List of state and union territory capitals in India

values:
navbox-image
5
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: width:1%;width: 7em; text-align: left; background-color: #eee;

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: Category:Use Indian English from August 2015

values: Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Orissa_High_Court
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: उड़ीसा उच्च न्यायालय – Hindi

values: ଓଡ଼ିଶା ଉଚ୍ଚ ନ୍ୟାୟାଳୟ – Odia

values: ஒரிசா உயர் நீதிமன்றம் – Tamil

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Orissa_High_Court rootpage-Orissa_High_Court skin-vector action-view