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Lascaux
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For Lascaux in the Corrèze department, see Lascaux, Corrèze.
Lascaux
UNESCO World Heritage Site
depiction of aurochs, horses and deer
Location
near Montignac, France
Part of
Prehistoric Sites and Decorated Caves of the Vézère Valley
Criteria
Cultural: i, iii
Reference
85-011
Inscription
1979 (3rd Session)
Coordinates
45°03′13″N 1°10′12″E / 45.05361°N 1.17000°E / 45.05361; 1.17000Coordinates: 45°03′13″N 1°10′12″E / 45.05361°N 1.17000°E / 45.05361; 1.17000
Location in the Dordogne
Lascaux (France)
Show map of Dordogne Show map of France Show all
Lascaux (French: Grotte de Lascaux, "Lascaux Cave"; English: /læsˈkoʊ/,[1] French: [lasko][2]) is the setting of a complex of caves near the village of Montignac, in the department of Dordogne in southwestern France. Over 600 parietal wall paintings cover the interior walls and ceilings of the cave. The paintings represent primarily large animals, typical local and contemporary fauna that correspond with the fossil record of the Upper Paleolithic time. The drawings are the combined effort of many generations, and with continued debate, the paintings are estimated around 17,000 years BP.[3][4][5] Lascaux was inducted into the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list in 1979, as element of the Prehistoric Sites and Decorated Caves of the Vézère Valley.[6]
Contents
[hide]
1 History since rediscovery
1.1 Ochroconis lascauxensis
2 Geographic setting
3 Images
3.1 Interpretation
4 Threats
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
History since rediscovery[edit]
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Modern humans

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Axis scale: millions of years ago.
Also see: Life timeline and Nature timeline
Modern entrance to the Lascaux cave
On September 12, 1940, the entrance to the Lascaux Cave was discovered by 18-year-old Marcel Ravidat. Ravidat (died in 1995) returned to the scene with three friends, Jacques Marsal, Georges Agnel, and Simon Coencas, and entered the cave via a long shaft. The teenagers discovered that the cave walls were covered with depictions of animals.[7][8] Galleries that suggest continuity, context or simply represent a cavern were given names. Those include the Hall of the Bulls, the Passageway, the Shaft, the Nave, the Apse, and the Chamber of Felines. The cave complex was opened to the public on July 14, 1948.[9] By 1955, carbon dioxide, heat, humidity, and other contaminants produced by 1,200 visitors per day had visibly damaged the paintings. As air condition deteriorated fungi and lichen increasingly infested the walls. Consequently, the cave was closed to the public in 1963, the paintings were restored to their original state and a monitoring system on a daily basis was introduced.
Lascaux II, an exact copy of the Great Hall of the Bulls and the Painted Gallery opened in 1983 in the cave's vicinity, a compromise and attempt to present an impression of the paintings' scale and composition for the public without harming the originals.[8] A full range of Lascaux's parietal art is presented a few kilometres from the site at the Centre of Prehistoric Art, Le Parc du Thot, where there are also live animals representing ice-age fauna.[10]
Ochroconis lascauxensis[edit]
Ochroconis lascauxensis is a species of fungus of the Ascomycota phylum, in May 2012 officially described and named after the locality of its first emergence, the Lascaux cave. It was along with a closely related second species Ochroconis anomala, first observed in 2000 inside the cave and the following year black spots appeared among the cave paintings. No official announcement on the effect and/or progress of attempted treatments has ever been made.[11]
As of 2008, the cave contained black mold. In January 2008, authorities closed the cave for three months, even to scientists and preservationists. A single individual was allowed to enter the cave for 20 minutes once a week to monitor climatic conditions. Now only a few scientific experts are allowed to work inside the cave and just for a few days a month but the efforts to remove the mold have taken a toll, leaving dark patches and damaging the pigments on the walls.[12] In 2009 it was announced: Mould problem "stable". In 2011 the fungus seemed to be in retreat after the installment of an additional, even stricter conservation program.[13]
Geographic setting[edit]
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reproduction of Lascaux artwork in Lascaux II
In its sedimentary composition, the Vézère drainage basin covers one fourth of the département of the Dordogne, the northernmost region of the Black Périgord. Before joining the Dordogne River near Limeuil, the Vézère flows in a south-westerly direction. At its centre point, the river's course is marked by a series of meanders flanked by high limestone cliffs that determine the landscape. Upstream from this steep-sloped relief, near Montignac and in the vicinity of Lascaux, the contours of the land soften considerably; the valley floor widens, and the banks of the river lose their steepness.
The Lascaux valley is located some distance from the major concentrations of decorated caves and inhabited sites, most of which were discovered further downstream. In the environs of the village of Eyzies-de-Tayac Sireuil, there are no less than 37 decorated caves and shelters, as well as an even greater number of habitation sites from the Upper Paleolithic, located in the open, beneath a sheltering overhang, or at the entrance to one of the area's karst cavities. This is the highest concentration in western Europe.
Images[edit]
Megaloceros with line of dots
The cave contains nearly 6,000 figures, which can be grouped into three main categories: animals, human figures, and abstract signs. The paintings contain no images of the surrounding landscape or the vegetation of the time.[14] Most of the major images have been painted onto the walls using red, yellow, and black colours from a complex multiplicity of mineral pigments[15]:110[16] including iron compounds such as iron oxide (ochre),[17]:204 hematite, and goethite,[16][18] as well as manganese-containing pigments.[16][17]:208 Charcoal may also have been used[17]:199 but seemingly to a sparing extent.[15] On some of the cave walls, the colour may have been applied as a suspension of pigment in either animal fat or calcium-rich cave groundwater or clay, making paint,[15] that was swabbed or blotted on, rather than applied by brush.[18] In other areas, the colour was applied by spraying the pigments by blowing the mixture through a tube.[18] Where the rock surface is softer, some designs have been incised into the stone. Many images are too faint to discern, and others have deteriorated entirely.
Over 900 can be identified as animals, and 605 of these have been precisely identified. Out of these images, there are 364 paintings of equines as well as 90 paintings of stags. Also represented are cattle and bison, each representing 4 to 5% of the images. A smattering of other images include seven felines, a bird, a bear, a rhinoceros, and a human. There are no images of reindeer, even though that was the principal source of food for the artists.[19] Geometric images have also been found on the walls.
The most famous section of the cave is The Hall of the Bulls where bulls, equines, and stags are depicted. The four black bulls, or aurochs, are the dominant figures among the 36 animals represented here. One of the bulls is 5.2 metres (17 ft) long, the largest animal discovered so far in cave art. Additionally, the bulls appear to be in motion.[19]
A painting referred to as "The Crossed Bison", found in the chamber called the Nave, is often submitted as an example of the skill of the Paleolithic cave painters. The crossed hind legs create the illusion that one bison is closer to the viewer than the other. This visual depth in the scene demonstrates a primitive form of perspective which was particularly advanced for the time.
Interpretation[edit]
Some anthropologists and art historians theorize that the paintings could be an account of past hunting success, or could represent a mystical ritual in order to improve future hunting endeavors. The latter theory is supported by the overlapping images of one group of animals in the same cave location as another group of animals, suggesting that one area of the cave was more successful for predicting a plentiful hunting excursion.[citation needed]
Applying the iconographic method of analysis to the Lascaux paintings (studying position, direction and size of the figures; organization of the composition; painting technique; distribution of the color planes; research of the image center), Thérèse Guiot-Houdart attempted to comprehend the symbolic function of the animals, to identify the theme of each image and finally to reconstitute the canvas of the myth illustrated on the rock walls.[20][further explanation needed]
Cave painting of a dun horse (equine) at Lascaux
Julien d'Huy and Jean-Loïc Le Quellec showed that certain angular or barbed signs of Lascaux may be analysed as "weapon" or "wounds". These signs affect dangerous animals—big cats, aurochs and bison—more than others and may be explained by a fear of the animation of the image.[21] Another finding supports the hypothesis of half-alive images. At Lascaux, bison, aurochs and ibex are not represented side by side. Conversely, one can note a bison-horses-lions system and an aurochs-horses-deer-bears system, these animals being frequently associated.[22] Such a distribution may show the relationship between the species pictured and their environmental conditions. Aurochs and bison fight one against the other, and horses and deer are very social with other animals. Bison and lions live in open plains areas; aurochs, deer and bears are associated with forests and marshes; ibex habitat is rocky areas, and horses are highly adaptive for all these areas. The Lascaux paintings' disposition may be explained by a belief in the real life of the pictured species, wherein the artists tried to respect their real environmental conditions.[23]
Less known is the image area called the Abside (Apse), a roundish, semi-spherical chamber similar to an apse in a Romanesque basilica. It is approximately 4.5 metres in diameter (about 5 yards) and covered on every wall surface (including the ceiling) with thousands of entangled, overlapping, engraved drawings.[24] The ceiling of the Apse, which ranges from 1.6 to 2.7 metres high (about 5.2 to 8.9 feet) as measured from the original floor height, is so completely decorated with such engravings that it indicates that the prehistoric people who executed them first constructed a scaffold to do so.[14][25]
The famous shaft scene of Lascaux: a man with a bird head and a bison.
According to David Lewis-Williams and Jean Clottes who both studied presumably similar art of the San people of Southern Africa, this type of art is spiritual in nature relating to visions experienced during ritualistic trance-dancing. These trance visions are a function of the human brain and so are independent of geographical location.[26] Nigel Spivey, a professor of classical art and archeology at the University of Cambridge, has further postulated in his series, How Art Made the World, that dot and lattice patterns overlapping the representational images of animals are very similar to hallucinations provoked by sensory-deprivation. He further postulates that the connections between culturally important animals and these hallucinations led to the invention of image-making, or the art of drawing.[27]
Threats[edit]
The conservation room at Lascaux
The opening of Lascaux Cave after World War II changed the cave environment. The exhalations of 1,200 visitors per day, presence of light, and changes in air circulation have created a number of problems. Lichens and crystals began to appear on the walls in the late 1950s, leading to closure of the caves in 1963. This led to restriction of access to the real caves to a few visitors every week, and the creation of a replica cave for visitors to Lascaux. In 2001, the authorities in charge of Lascaux changed the air conditioning system which resulted in regulation of the temperature and humidity. When the system had been established, an infestation of Fusarium solani, a white mold, began spreading rapidly across the cave ceiling and walls.[28] The mold is considered to have been present in the cave soil and exposed by the work of tradesmen, leading to the spread of the fungus which was treated with quicklime. In 2007, a new fungus, which has created grey and black blemishes, began spreading in the real cave.
Organized through the initiative of the French Ministry of Culture, an international symposium titled "Lascaux and Preservation Issues in Subterranean Environments" was held in Paris on February 26 and 27, 2009, under the chairmanship of Jean Clottes. It brought together nearly three hundred participants from seventeen countries with the goal of confronting research and interventions conducted in Lascaux Cave since 2001 with the experiences gained in other countries in the domain of preservation in subterranean environments.[29] The proceedings of this symposium were published in 2011. Seventy-four specialists in fields as varied as biology, biochemistry, botany, hydrology, climatology, geology, fluid mechanics, archaeology, anthropology, restoration and conservation, from numerous countries (France, United States, Portugal, Spain, Japan, and others) contributed to this publication.[30]
The problem is ongoing, as are efforts to control the microbial and fungal growths in the cave. The fungal infection crises have led to the establishment of an International Scientific Committee for Lascaux and to rethinking how, and how much, human access should be permitted in caves containing prehistoric art.[31]
See also[edit]
Art of the Upper Paleolithic
Cave of Altamira
Cave painting
List of archaeological sites by country
List of caves
List of Stone Age art
Prehistoric art
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "American English Dictionary: Definition of Lascaux". Collins. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "English Dictionary: Definition of Lascaux". Collins. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Lascaux Cave Paintings: Layout, Meaning, Photographs - Dating - Chronological questions about the age of Lascaux's cave paintings, over what period they were created, and the identity of the oldest art in the complex, are still being debated.." Visual arts cork com. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Ice Age star map discovered - thought to date back 16,500 years". BBC. August 9, 2000. Retrieved December 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Lascaux, France. These paintings are estimated to be around 17,300 years old". Ancient-wisdom. Retrieved December 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Prehistoric Sites and Decorated Caves of the Vézère Valley". UNESCO World Heritage Center. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
Jump up ^ Thomas Jr., Robert McG. (March 31, 1995). "Marcel Ravidat is Dead at 72; Found Lascaux Paintings". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Bahn, Paul G. (2007). Cave Art: A Guide to the Decorated Ice Age Caves of Europe. London: Frances Lincoln. pp. 81–85. ISBN 0711226555.
Jump up ^ Littlewood, Ian (2005). Justin Wintle, ed. The timeline history of France. New York: Barnes & Noble. p. 296. ISBN 0760779759.
Jump up ^ le retour des loups “préhistoriques”
Jump up ^ Martin-Sanchez, Pedro Maria; Nováková, Alena; Bastian, Fabiola; Alabouvette, Claude; Saiz-Jimenez, Cesareo (2012). "Two new species of the genus Ochroconis, O. lascauxensis and O. anomala isolated from black stains in Lascaux Cave, France". Fungal Biology. Elsevier. 116 (5): 574–89. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2012.02.006. PMID 22559918.
Jump up ^ Moore, Molly (July 1, 2008). "Debate Over Moldy Cave Art Is a Tale of Human Missteps". The Washington Post. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
Jump up ^ "Lascaux's 18,000 year-old cave art under threat". Phys.org. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Nechvatal, Joseph (2011). Immersion Into Noise. Ann Arbor: Open Humanities Press. pp. 74–76. ISBN 978-1-60785-241-4. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c Dickson, D. Bruce (1992). The Dawn of Belief: Religion in the Upper Paleolithic of Southwestern Europe. ISBN 9780816513369.
^ Jump up to: a b c Chalmin E, Farges F, Vignaud C, et al. Discovery of Unusual Minerals in Paleolithic Black Pigments from Lascaux (France) and Ekain (Spain). [1]
^ Jump up to: a b c Rapp, George R. (2013). Archaeomineralogy. ISBN 9783662050057.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Lascaux Cave Paintings: Layout, Meaning, Photographs". visual-arts-cork.com.
^ Jump up to: a b Curtis, Gregory (2006). The Cave Painters: Probing the Mysteries of the World's First Artists (1st ed.). New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 96–97, 102. ISBN 1400043484.
Jump up ^ Guiot-Houdart, Thérèse (2004). Lascaux et les mythes (in French). Périgueux: Pilote 24. ISBN 2-912347-39-4.
Jump up ^ Julien d'Huy et Jean-Loïc Le Quellec (2010). "Les animaux 'fléchés' à Lascaux: nouvelle proposition d’interprétation" Préhistoire du Sud-Ouest 18(2): 161-170
Jump up ^ Denis Tauxe (2007)."L’organisation symbolique du dispositif pariétal de la grotte de Lascaux", Préhistoire du Sud-Ouest, 15: 177-266
Jump up ^ Julien d'Huy (2011). "La distribution des animaux à Lascaux reflèterait leur distribution naturelle", Bulletin de la Société Historique et Archéologique du Périgord CXXXVIII, 493-502
Jump up ^ Leroi-Gourhan, André. The Art of Prehistoric Man in Western Europe. London: Thames and Hudson. 1968. p. 315
Jump up ^ Mario Ruspoli, The Cave of Lascaux: The Final Photographic Record (New York: Abrams, 1983) pp. 146-47
Jump up ^ Harry Francis Mallgrave (26 June 2013). Architecture and Embodiment: The Implications of the New Sciences and Humanities for Design. Routledge. pp. 190–. ISBN 978-1-135-09424-9.
Jump up ^ Gray, S. W. (2014). [ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5404&context=theses "The cartographic paradigm in contemporary Australian landscape painting"] Check |url= value (help).
Jump up ^ Joëlle Dupont; Claire Jacquet; Bruno Dennetière; Sandrine Lacoste (2007). "Invasion of the French Paleolithic painted cave of Lascaux by members of the Fusarium solani species complex". Mycologia. 99 (4): 526–533. doi:10.3852/mycologia.99.4.526. PMID 18065003.
Jump up ^ At the Takamatsuzuka Tomb in Japan, and Altamira in Spain, for example.
Jump up ^ Coye, N. dir. (2011), Lascaux et la conservation en milieu souterrain: actes du symposium international (Paris, 26-27 fév. 2009) = Lascaux and Preservation Issues in Subterranean Environments: Proceedings of the International Symposium (Paris, February 26 and 27), Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l'homme, 360 p. In french and english. [2]
Jump up ^ Simons, Marlise (9 December 2007). "Fungus Once Again Threatens French Cave Paintings". World:Europe. New York Times. Retrieved 15 October 2010.
Further reading[edit]
Dubowski, Mark (2010). Discovery in the Cave (Children's early reader). New York, New York, USA: Random House. ISBN 0375858938
Curtis, Gregory (2006). The Cave Painters: Probing the Mysteries of the World's First Artists. New York, New York, USA: Knopf. ISBN 1-4000-4348-4
Lewis-Williams, David (2004). The Mind in the Cave: Consciousness and the Origins of Art. Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0-500-28465-2
Bataille, Georges (2005). The Cradle of Humanity: Prehistoric Art and Culture. New York, New York: Zone Books. ISBN 1-890951-55-2
Joseph Nechvatal, Immersive Excess in the Apse of Lascaux, Technonoetic Arts 3, no3. 2005
B.et G. Delluc (dir.), Le Livre du Jubilé de Lascaux 1940-1990, Société historique et archéologique du Périgord, supplément au tome CXVII, 1990, 155 p., ill.
B. et G. Delluc, 2003 : Lascaux retrouvé. Les recherches de l'abbé André Glory, Pilote 24 édition, 368 p., ill.
B. et G. Delluc, 2006 : Discovering Lascaux, Sud Ouest, nouvelle édition entièrement revue et très augmentée, 80 p., ill. plans et coupe.
B. et G. Delluc, 2008 : Dictionnaire de Lascaux, Sud Ouest, Bordeaux. Plus de 600 entrées et illustrations. Bibliographie (450 références). ISBN 978-2-87901-877-5.
B. et G. Delluc, 2010 : Lascaux et la guerre. Une galerie de portraits, Bull. de la Soc. historique et arch. du Périgord, CXXXVI, 2e livraison, 40 p., ill., bibliographie.
A. Glory, 2008 : Les recherches à Lascaux (1952-1963). Documents recueillis et présentés par B. et G. Delluc, XXXIXe suppl. à Gallia-Préhistoire, CNRS, Paris.
Joseph Nechvatal, 2011: Immersion Into Noise, University of Michigan Library's Scholarly Publishing Office. Ann Arbor.
Rigaud, Jean-Philippe (October 1988). "Art Treasures from the Ice Age: Lascaux Cave". National Geographic. Vol. 174 no. 4. pp. 482–499. ISSN 0027-9358. OCLC 643483454.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lascaux.
The microbiology of Lascaux Cave
Lascaux Cave Official Lascaux Web site, from the French Ministry of Culture
Save Lascaux Official website of the International Committee for the Preservation of Lascaux
Lascaux Cave Art Symposium The Bradshaw Foundation
Human Timeline (Interactive) – Smithsonian, National Museum of Natural History (August 2016).
Discussion of paintings by Janina Ramirez and Alice Roberts: Art Detective Podcast, 08 Feb 2017
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The Chainsmokers
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Chainsmokers
Background information
Origin
New York City, New York, US
Genres
EDM
pop[1]
electropop[2]
Years active
2012–present
Labels
Disruptor
Columbia
Sony
Associated acts
Emily Warren
Website
thechainsmokers.com
Members
Andrew Taggart
Alex Pall
Past members
Rhett Bixler
The Chainsmokers is an American DJ/production duo consisting of Andrew Taggart and Alex Pall.[3][4] The EDM-pop duo[1] achieved a breakthrough with their 2014 song "#Selfie", which was a top twenty single in several countries. Their debut EP, Bouquet was released in October 2015 and featured the single "Roses", which reached the top 10 on the US Billboard Hot 100.[5] "Don't Let Me Down" became their first top 5 single there and won the Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording at the 59th awards ceremony,[6] while "Closer" became their first number-one single on the chart.[7] They have also won an American Music Award[8] and five iHeartRadio Music Awards.[9] The duo's second EP Collage was released in November 2016, succeeded by the release of their debut studio album, Memories...Do Not Open, in April 2017.[10]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 2012: Beginnings
1.2 2013–2014: First live performance and breakthrough
1.3 2015–2016: Bouquet and Collage
1.4 2017–present: Memories...Do Not Open and Las Vegas XS residency
2 Musical style
3 Members
3.1 Alex Pall
3.2 Andrew Taggart
4 Discography
5 Tours
6 Awards and nominations
7 References
8 External links
History
2012: Beginnings
The Chainsmokers were initially made up of Pall and former DJ Rhett Bixler.[11][12] The Chainsmokers were re-formed as an EDM DJ duo in 2012 under the management of Adam Alpert in New York City. Pall, who had grown up DJing, was introduced to Taggart by Alpert, and had been working at an art gallery in Chelsea, Manhattan at the time.[12] Pall attended New York University for art history and music business.[13] Taggart had been attending Syracuse University and was interning at Interscope Records before the two met. He had taken an interest in DJing and released some original songs on the website SoundCloud. Taggart was informed by someone working for Alpert that a duo that was being managed by him had an open spot after Bixler left, which prompted Taggart to leave Maine in order to go to New York City.[14] They started out by making remixes of indie bands.[15] In 2012, they collaborated with Indian actress and recording artist Priyanka Chopra on the single "Erase" which was followed by "The Rookie" in early 2013.[16]
During an October 2016 television interview, ABC News Nightline reporter Nick Watt asked Pall and Taggart "What's with the (duo's) name?" Alex Pall replied "At the time of conception it was, it was totally just like I was in college. You know I enjoyed smoking weed and you know it was just like such a yeah the domains open. I don't have to have any like underscores." Drew Taggart added "Uh it's just a name."[17]
2013–2014: First live performance and breakthrough
Logo before 2015
The duo's first live performance was opening for Timeflies at Terminal 5 in September 2014.[13] Their single "#Selfie", released for free in December 2013, was picked up by Dim Mak Records who re-released it in January 2014 and eventually streamed it to Republic Records.[18] The duo achieved breakthrough success as the single charted internationally and peaked on the Dance/Electronic Songs chart.[19] Pall has described the song as "life-changing" for the pair.[20] On August 5, 2014, the Chainsmokers released "Kanye" featuring sirenXX, the follow-up to "#Selfie". Seven months later, they released "Let You Go", featuring the American synthpop group, Great Good Fine Ok.[21] They signed with Disruptor Records, a joint venture label with Sony Music Entertainment by their manager Adam Alpert, in April 2015.[22]
Logo since 2015
2015–2016: Bouquet and Collage
The Chainsmokers released their first EP titled Bouquet on Disruptor Records, featuring "New York City", "Until You Were Gone", "Waterbed", "Good Intentions", and "Roses".[23] Their follow-up single "Don't Let Me Down", was released on February 5, 2016, featuring the singer Daya.[18] Two months later, they released the single, "Inside Out", featuring the Swedish singer Charlee.
On March 19, 2016, the group played at Ultra Music Festival,[24] where they publicly denounced presidential candidate Donald Trump.[25] On July 29, 2016, they released "Closer" featuring singer Halsey, which peaked at number one in the United States and United Kingdom, in addition to charts in eleven other countries.[7] The track was also performed at the 2016 MTV VMAs.[26] The performance was met with mostly negative reception. The New York Times, Rolling Stone and Us Weekly referred to the performance as the worst of the night.[27][28][29] Taggart himself stated in an interview with Billboard that "It sounded like shit."[30] "All We Know" featuring Phoebe Ryan was released on September 29, 2016.[31] In October 2016, the Chainsmokers were ranked 18th in DJ Magazine's annual list of the "Top 100 DJs"[32] after debuting on the list at 97th in 2014.[33] The two initially stated that they had no plans to release a debut studio album.[34] They released their second extended play Collage on November 4, 2016.[35]
2017–present: Memories...Do Not Open and Las Vegas XS residency
The duo released "Paris" as their next international single on January 13, 2017. On January 30, the song was certified gold in Canada.[36] It also went gold in the US [37] and has received over 270 million streams on Spotify alone as of March 2017.[38] On the same day, despite previous statements, the duo announced that they were working on their debut studio album, scheduled for release in April.[39] The Memories Do Not Open Tour tour was also announced on the same day, it features 40 North American cities beginning in April alongside support from Kiiara and Emily Warren.[40][41][42] They announced on Instagram that they would be taking a fan, Tony Ann who is a Berklee College of Music student, with them on the tour because they were impressed with his piano cover of their song "Paris".[43] The official video for "Paris" directed by Mister Whitmore and starring American fashion model Martha Hunt[44] reached more than 110 million views on YouTube to date.[45] The official lyric video directed by Rory Kramer[46] has received over 270 million views on YouTube alone as of March 2017.[47] On January 3, 2017, they announced an exclusive three-year residency deal with Wynn Nightlife.[48][49] Per the agreement, they will only perform in Wynn-owned nightclubs XS Las Vegas and Encore Beach Club until the year 2019.[50][51][52] Pall described the deal to be the "best of what Las Vegas has to offer", saying they were "thrilled" with the agreement.[52][53]
On February 14, 2017, the duo announced during an on-screen Grammy red carpet interview that their debut album would be titled Memories...Do Not Open and would be released on April 7, 2017, via Disruptor/Sony.[54] The Chainsmokers' collaborative single with Coldplay "Something Just Like This" was released in February 2017.[55][56][57] The single was released simultaneously to The Chainsmokers performance with Coldplay at the 2017 Brit Awards.[58] “Something Just Like This” broke the record for most views of a lyric video in one day with 9 million plays.[59] They released "The One" as a promotional single from their debut studio album on March 27, 2017.[60][61][62][63] Memories...Do Not Open was released on April 7, 2017 via Disruptor Records/Columbia Records.[64][65][66] Memories...Do Not Open debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 with 221,000 album-equivalent units, of which 166,000 were pure album sales.[67] The album was certified platinum in August of 2017.[68]
The Chainsmokers were listed as third on Forbes' World’s Highest Paid DJs list for 2017 with earnings of $38 million, from 12 months prior to June 2017.[69][70]
Musical style
Taggart has described the duo's music as "blurring the lines between indie, pop music, dance music, and hip-hop."[14] The pair have cited Pharrell Williams and deadmau5 as musical influences.[13][71] Acts who have inspired the Chainsmokers' songs include Blink-182, Taking Back Sunday,[72] Taylor Swift, Max Martin,[73] The xx and Explosions in the Sky.[74]
Members
Alex Pall
Alexander "Alex" Pall born on (1985-05-16) May 16, 1985 (age 32)[75] was raised in Westchester County, New York. His mother is a housewife and his father is an art dealer.[citation needed]
Andrew Taggart
Andrew "Drew" Taggart born on (1989-12-31) December 31, 1989 (age 27)[76] was raised in Freeport, Maine. His mother is a teacher and his father sold prosthetics.[77] He was turned onto EDM at the age of 15 while abroad in Argentina, where he was introduced to the music of David Guetta, Daft Punk and Trentemøller.[30]
Discography
Main article: The Chainsmokers discography
Memories...Do Not Open (2017)
Tours
Memories Do Not Open Tour (2017)[78]
Awards and nominations
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by The Chainsmokers
References
^ Jump up to: a b "Father John Misty, Joey Bada$ and 15 More New Albums to Hear Right Now". Rolling Stone. 7 April 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Fitzmaurice, Larry (April 11, 2017). "The Chainsmokers Are Bad, but It’s Not for the Reason You Think". Vice. Retrieved May 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ McIntyre, Hugh. "The Chainsmokers Changed History In Many, Many Ways with 'Closer'". Forbes. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Keller, Cathryne (March 15, 2017). "This Is How the Guys from The Chainsmokers Deal with Breakups". Women's Health. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Justin Bieber Replaces Himself at No. 1 on Hot 100 With 'Love Yourself'". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "The Chainsmokers". Grammy.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Chainsmokers & Halsey's 'Closer' Climbs to No. 1 on Hot 100". Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "American Music Award Winners 2016". TheAMAs.
Jump up ^ "Complete List of #iHeartAwards Winners". iHeart.
Jump up ^ Bein, Kate (2017-04-11). "The Chainsmokers Share Track by Track Breakdown of 'Memories...Do Not Open'". Billboard. Retrieved 2017-04-11.
Jump up ^ Steve Mack / Stringer (4 November 2011). "The Chainsmokers DJs Rhett Bixler and Alex Pall perform at the Grand... | WireImage | 131499892". www.wireimage.com. New York, NY: Getty Images. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Chainsmokers: Party People". Thought Catalog. August 25, 2010. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c Alvodomar, Tyler. "The Chainsmokers Talk Early Beginnings, Favorite Gigs To Play, Love Of Music Blogs And Yoga Pants (Exclusive Interview)". Raver Rafting. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Rosenzweig, Mathias. "The Chainsmokers". Interview Magazine. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Rise of The Chainsmokers: How Andrew Taggart and Alex Pall went from remixes to chart toppers". Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Priyanka Chopra: The girl who leapt through time". Hindustan Times. October 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Chainsmokers | Inside the Studio with Alex Pall, Drew Taggart". ABC News | Nightline. 6 October 2016. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Listen to The Chainsmokers' New Single, 'Don't Let Me Down' Feat. Daya".
Jump up ^ "The Chainsmokers - Chart history | Billboard". www.billboard.com. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ Morris, David. "What's It Like To Be An EDM Star & Trash Hotel Rooms? The Chainsmokers Know". AskMen. Retrieved October 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Chainsmokers and Miguel Delight During Grammy Week". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media.
Jump up ^ "Exclusive: Sony Music Forms Disruptor With Chainsmokers Manager". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "The Chainsmokers On Rising Hit "Roses," Debut EP ‘Bouquet’ & Leaving "#Selfie" Behind: Idolator Interview - Idolator". Idolator. November 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ Rishty, David. "Watch Kaskade, The Chainsmokers, Carnage & More Play at Ultra Music Festival 2016". Billboard. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ Brown, Lisa. "The Chainsmokers Denounce Donald Trump at Ultra Music Festival". Billboard. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ Lakshmin, Deepa. "The Chainsmokers Couldn’t Keep Their Hands Off Halsey At The VMAs". MTV. Retrieved October 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ Caramanica, Jon (August 29, 2016). "MTV Video Music Awards, a Playground for the Next Generation". The New York Times. Retrieved October 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ Chen, Joyce. "2016 MTV VMAs Performances, Ranked From Best to Worst". Us Weekly. Retrieved October 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ Weingarten, Christopher R.; Shteamer, Hank; Exposito, Suzy; Harris, Keith; Johnson, Maura. "MTV VMAs 2016: 20 Best and Worst Moments". Rolling Stone. Retrieved October 15, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Martins, Chris. "The Chainsmokers on Ruling the Billboard Hot 100 & Owning the 'Frat Bro' Label". Billboard. Retrieved October 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "All We Know (feat. Phoebe Ryan) - Single by The Chainsmokers on Apple Music". iTunes Store (US). September 30, 2016. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 DJs 2016". DJ Magazine. Retrieved October 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 DJs 2014 | DJMag.com". djmag.com. Retrieved October 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ Savage, Mark (September 23, 2016). "Playlists 'more popular than albums'". BBC News. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Chainsmokers Announce 'Collage' EP With New Song 'Setting Fires'". Billboard. Retrieved October 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Gold/Platinum - Music Canada". Music Canada. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Chainsmokers Paris Earns Gold Certification in US". Retrieved March 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Spotify: The Chainsmokers - Paris". Retrieved March 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Chainsmokers Announce Debut Album & 2017 Arena Tour". Billboard. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Medved, Matt (January 30, 2017). "The Chainsmokers Announce Debut Album & 2017 Arena Tour". Billboard. Retrieved February 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ O'Keefe, Caroline (January 31, 2017). "The Chainsmokers Announce Debut Album, ‘Memories: Do Not Open’ Tour". www.thenocturnaltimes.com. Retrieved February 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ McDermott, Maeve (January 30, 2017). "The Chainsmokers announce debut album, 40-date tour". USA TODAY. Retrieved February 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Aniftos, Rania (February 6, 2017). "The Chainsmokers Were So Impressed by This Guy's 'Paris' Cover, They're Taking Him on Tour". Billboard. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Watch The Chainsmokers' New 'Paris' Video". Billboard. Retrieved April 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Official Music Video: The Chainsmokers - Paris". YouTube. Retrieved April 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Chainsmokers Drop New "Paris" Single and Lyric Video". Teen Vogue. Retrieved April 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Official Lyric Video: The Chainsmokers - Paris". YouTube. Retrieved April 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ Lakshmin, Deepa (January 3, 2017). "There's Good News And Bad News For Anyone Who Wants To See The Chainsmokers". MTV News. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Meadow, Matthew (January 3, 2017). "The Chainsmokers Drop Huge News Of Three-Year Exclusive Partnership [DETAILS]". Your EDM. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Elizabeth, De. "This Is the Only Place You Can See the Chainsmokers Perform for the Next THREE Years". Teen Vogue. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Jones, Connor (January 3, 2017). "The Chainsmokers Sign Exclusive New Residency Deal". We Got This Covered. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Bein, Kat (January 3, 2017). "The Chainsmokers Sign Three-Year Exclusive Club Residency Deal with Wynn Nightlife in Las Vegas". Billboard. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Culham, Devin (January 4, 2017). "The Chainsmokers Sign On for an Exclusive 3 Year Residency in Las Vegas". EDM.com. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Bein, Kat (February 14, 2017). "The Chainsmokers Announce Album Title and Release Date: Watch". Billboard. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Chainsmokers, Coldplay Meld Styles on New Song". Rolling Stone. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Bein, Kat (February 22, 2017). "The Chainsmokers & Coldplay Collab Is Here, And It Sounds 'Something Just Like This': Watch Lyric Video". Billboard. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Wass, Mike (February 22, 2017). "The Chainsmokers & Coldplay's "Something Just Like This" | Idolator". Music News, Reviews, and Gossip on Idolator.com. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Weatherby, Taylor (February 22, 2017). "The Chainsmokers & Coldplay Deliver Live Debut of 'Something Just Like This' at 2017 Brit Awards". Billboard. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The ChainSmokers’ Coldplay Collab ‘Something Just Like This’ Breaks One Day YouTube Viewing Record". Retrieved March 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ Wass, Mike (March 27, 2017). "The Chainsmokers Get Introspective On "The One" | Idolator". Music News, Reviews, and Gossip on Idolator.com. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ teechoi (March 27, 2017). "Drew Taggart delivers an emotionally driven vocal performance with 'The One'.". EDM Chicago. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ Erik (March 27, 2017). "BREAKING: The Chainsmokers Release 'The One' Off Of New Album [LISTEN]". EDM Sauce. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ Makwana, Harsh (March 27, 2017). "The Chainsmokers - The One". The Bangin Beats. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ Atkinson, Katie (April 7, 2017). "The Chainsmokers' Debut Album 'Memories...Do Not Open' Has Arrived: Listen Now". Billboard. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Stevo (April 6, 2017). "The Chainsmokers Release Their New Album 'Memories...Do Not Open'". EDM Sauce. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ceron, Ella. "The Chainsmokers Just Dropped the Album You're Going to Hear at EVERY Party". Teen Vogue. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Caulfield, Keith (April 16, 2017). "The Chainsmokers' 'Memories' Album Debuts at No. 1 on Billboard 200 Chart". Billboard. Retrieved April 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ "American album certifications – The Chainsmokers". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved September 4, 2017. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH
Jump up ^ "Forbes reveals World’s Highest-Paid DJs list for 2017". DJMag.com. 2017-08-09. Retrieved 2017-08-10.
Jump up ^ "Highest-earning DJs of 2017 revealed - NME". NME. 2017-08-08. Retrieved 2017-08-10.
Jump up ^ Leight, Elias. "How The Chainsmokers Landed the Number One Hit in the Country". Vogue. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ Lauren Nostro. "How Blink 182's "I Miss You" Inspired The Chainsmokers And Halsey's "Closer"". Genius. Retrieved August 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ Idolator. November 23, 2015 = The Chainsmokers On Rising Hit "Roses" http://www.idolator.com/7615803/chainsmokers-interview-roses-bouquet-eptitle = The Chainsmokers On Rising Hit "Roses" Check |url= value (help). Retrieved December 11, 2015. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ Coscarelli, Joe (July 28, 2016). "Music Producers Explain How They Created a Hit". The New York Times. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ Norwin, Alyssa (August 23, 2016). "Alex Pall". Hollywood Life. Retrieved November 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ Norwin, Alyssa (August 23, 2016). "Andrew Taggart". Hollywood Life. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ Routhier, Ray (20 October 2014). "Freeport grad rockets to selfie-made stardom - Portland Press Herald". Press Herald (Updated December 6, 2016). Portland Press Herald. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Shouneyia, Alexa (April 3, 2017). "The Chainsmokers Unleash Teaser Video for ‘Memories...Do Not Open’ Tour". Billboard.
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