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Beverly Hills, 90210 (season 10)
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Beverly Hills, 90210 (season 10)
DVD cover
Starring
Jennie Garth
Ian Ziering
Brian Austin Green
Tori Spelling
Vincent Young
Vanessa Marcil
Lindsay Price
Daniel Cosgrove
Joe E. Tata
Luke Perry
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
27
Release
Original network
Fox
Original release
September 8, 1999 (1999-09-08) – May 17, 2000 (2000-05-17)
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 9
List of Beverly Hills, 90210 episodes
Season ten of Beverly Hills, 90210, is an American drama television series began airing on September 8, 1999, on Fox television network. It was the final season of the series and concluded on May 17, 2000, after 27 episodes. This season follows the gang in adulthood as they deal with numerous issues that adults face in their personal and professional lives such as murder, pregnancy, commitment, homophobia, infidelity, parenthood, kidnappings, grief, alcoholism, marriage and their growing careers.
The final season was aired on Wednesday nights at 8/7c in the United States averaging 8.33 million viewers a week. The season was released to DVD under the title of Beverly Hills, 90210: The Final Season by Paramount.
Initial plans of an eleventh season (2000–2001) were to be developed but due to low ratings and high associated costs with production the show ended at its tenth season.
Contents
1 Overview
2 Cast
2.1 Starring
2.2 Recurring
2.3 Special Guest Star
3 Episodes
4 References
Overview[edit]
Over the past nine seasons, viewers have watched the characters of Beverly Hills, 90210 grow from high school students to college graduates on their own for the first time. While their lives have begun to take different paths and new people have entered their worlds, they have always maintained their strong bonds with one another. This season promises to be an unforgettable year of weddings, children and career decisions for a group of friends who continue to retain the relationships that sustained them as they grew from teenagers into young adults.
Cast[edit]
Starring[edit]
Jennie Garth as Kelly Taylor
Ian Ziering as Steve Sanders
Brian Austin Green as David Silver
Tori Spelling as Donna Martin
Vincent Young as Noah Hunter
Vanessa Marcil as Gina Kincaid (Episodes 1–17)
Lindsay Price as Janet Sosna
Daniel Cosgrove as Matt Durning
Joe E. Tata as Nat Bussichio (14 episodes)
Recurring[edit]
Jed Allan as Rush Sanders
Matthew Laurance as Mel Silver
Ann Gillespie as Jackie Taylor
Michael Durrell as John Martin
Katherine Cannon as Felice Martin
Josie Davis as Camille Desmond
Josh Taylor as Jack McKay
Special Guest Star[edit]
Luke Perry as Dylan McKay (27 episodes)
Jason Priestley as Brandon Walsh (1 episode as a video message on tape)
Gabrielle Carteris as Andrea Zuckerman (1 episode)
Tiffani Thiessen as Valerie Malone (1 episode)
Episodes[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
267
1 "The Phantom Menace" Charles Correll John Eisendrath September 8, 1999 (1999-09-08) 2199259
Kelly's rapist, Joe Patch, dies of gunshot wounds. Kelly is arrested and held overnight until the shooting is ruled a justifiable homicide. The police consider charging her with possession of an unlicensed firearm, but Matt appeals to the department's sense of decency. David asks Dylan to move out. Dylan takes up residence at a hotel, and Gina joins him after Donna boots her out for talking to reporters about Kelly. Wayne annoys Donna with his cavalier attitude, particularly when he fails to show sensitivity toward Kelly. She realizes that they do not have a future together. Noah ignores Donna and fools around with one of his employees. Janet's erratic behavior confuses Steve. She secretly applies for a job with another newspaper, and tells Steve that she isn't sure if their relationship will work out. Janet confesses to Kelly that she is four months pregnant.
268
2 "Let's Eat Cake" Joel J. Feigenbaum Laurie McCarthy September 15, 1999 (1999-09-15) 2199260
Kelly and Donna invite Janet to move into the apartment. She tries to tell Steve that she is pregnant, but stops when he mistakenly assumes that she has gotten breast implants. When Janet finally reveals the truth, Steve becomes outraged that he had been kept in the dark for so long. He avoids Janet and whines about the situation to the other guys and Gina. Janet tells Steve that he can choose how much involvement he wants with the child; he is unsure of what to do. Kelly and the gang throw a surprise 24th birthday party for David at the After Dark. The uninvited Gina foils their plans by slashing her own tire and calling David for help. After patching things up with David, Gina takes him to the club and drops him off without spoiling the surprise. A young woman whom Dylan knows from his years at the hotel gets busted for drug possession. He pays for her legal services, and encourages her to get clean and find some direction for her life. He agrees to return to college if she also enrolls. Matt helps Kelly cope with her fear of physical contact.
NOTE: Christina Aguilera makes a guest appearance in this episode.
269
3 "You Better Work" Harvey Frost Gretchen J. Berg & Aaron Harberts September 22, 1999 (1999-09-22) 2199261
Steve tells Janet that he wants to raise the baby with her. He later upsets her by expressing uncertainty. Kelly considers a career change. Matt pays Gina to help out with preparations for the boutique's re-opening. She tries to burn a prominent fashion critic's invitation, and accidentally starts a fire. She ruins Donna's new men's wear line with the fire extinguisher. Although Gina blames faulty lighting, Matt catches her with the burnt invitation. He forces her to bring the critic to the re-opening to make amends, while everyone chips in to help Donna put together new outfits. Cherise breaks up with Noah for postponing their weekend getaway and spending too much time with Donna. Steve suddenly proposes to Janet during the fashion show. She accepts, but then changes her mind because she fears they would be marrying for the wrong reasons. California University denies Dylan's application, citing his brazen essay. They refuse to give him a second chance. David pulls the revised essay out of the garbage, and is so impressed that he successfully lobbies the admissions office on Dylan's behalf.
270
4 "A Fine Mess" Allan Kroeker John Eisendrath September 29, 1999 (1999-09-29) 2199262
Steve buys an engagement ring and practices proposals, often with Noah assuming the role of Janet. Dylan harasses Janet about her decision. The gang's attempt to arrange a reconciliation backfires. Janet insists that she loves Steve, but believes that his chaotic lifestyle would be harmful to the child. Steve later breaks down in tears and argues that his spontaneity does not mean that he cannot be a responsible husband and father. He surprises Janet with a proposal during her ultrasound, and she accepts. Dylan grows tired of living with Gina and suggests that she find her own place. He offers to spring for a hotel suite, but Gina opts to establish her independence. David's radio show becomes popular due to his abrasive tactics, including talking about Dylan's personal life and asking a woman out while on the air. Dylan goads David into providing details of the date to his listeners, and the woman dumps him. Donna recommends a new act for the club, failing to disclose the fact that the singer is Wayne's cousin. Noah is angry, but he and Donna soon get back together yet again. Kelly pouts about Matt's cynical attitude toward marriage and commitment.
271
5 "The Loo-Ouch" Kim Friedman Tyler Bensinger October 20, 1999 (1999-10-20) 2199263
Steve and Janet announce the pregnancy and engagement to her parents, who respond by calling Janet a disgrace. Steve's father tries to convince the couple to put off marriage for a while. Janet collapses and has to be taken to the hospital. She is diagnosed with a panic attack and told to avoid unnecessary stress. Mr. and Mrs. Sosna ask Janet to leave Steve and move back into their house. At the couple's engagement party, Steve lies to Janet's parents about the identity of his mom's lover, Karen. He asks his father to play along, unaware that Rush is apparently the only person in Los Angeles who didn't know that Samantha is gay. Steve and Janet stand up to their families. Although they would appreciate some support, they will not tolerate any further efforts to break them up. Matt and Noah each offer to move out so that Steve can move Janet and the baby into the house. Matt asks Kelly to get an apartment with him, but she nixes this idea. Donna decides that she and Noah will live together. Gina and Noah secretly start an after-hours strip club at the Peach Pit After Dark. Dylan helps a hotel maid and her prankster sons. David asks Robyn for a chance to prove that he is not the obnoxious jerk he portrays on the radio.
272
6 "80s Night" Chip Chalmers John Eisendrath October 27, 1999 (1999-10-27) 2199264
Joe Patch's parents visit Kelly and ask for her forgiveness. Matt tries to save a convicted rapist and murderer from the death penalty. Kelly is initially supportive, but changes her mind after hearing a description of the man's crimes. A meeting with the client's brother prompts Kelly to realize the anguish experienced by the families of criminals; she forgives Mr. and Mrs. Patch. She strongly objects when Matt appeals the judge's ruling against his client, and decides to stop seeing him for the time being. Donna wanders into the After Dark late at night and discovers the strip club. Gina recognizes David's father as one of the customers. She sneaks him out the back door when the police raid the club. Noah and Donna are among those arrested, as the cops mistake Donna for a prostitute. Dylan realizes that Gina was involved. She promises to stop lying to him, then immediately blackmails Mel. Dylan and Donna question David's on-air antics when he costs a listener his girlfriend. David eventually reunites the couple and decides to change his ways. Janet's college friends ask her to play bass in their band, which is performing at the After Dark's Halloween party. Although Steve stays home and organizes a haunted house for neighborhood kids, he eventually shows up at the club to support Janet.
273
7 "Laying Pipe" Luke Perry Matt Dearborn November 3, 1999 (1999-11-03) 2199265
Steve and Janet ask Kelly and Dylan to be their baby's godparents. The foursome heads to Ojai for the weekend to meet with the minister. The minister suspects that Dylan is afraid to commit to a woman because of guilt over Toni's death. Dylan and Kelly plan to watch the sunset together. They learn from the news that Matt saved his client, so Kelly decides to go home and congratulate him. Gina catches Dylan and Kelly hugging and accuses them of fooling around. Dylan goes to Kelly's apartment to share his feelings, but sees her with Matt. Steve backs out of plans to sell the Corvette to help pay for a minivan. An angry Janet lets David sell the car to a woman who seems interested in him. Janet has a change of heart, but David's friend destroys the car in a performance art show about chauvinism (for which she also tape recorded David). Mel pays off Gina. When she demands more money, he stops payment on the check. Gina calls Jackie to share her revelation. A homeless man dies outside of Donna's store. She tries desperately to uncover his identity and contact his family.
274
8 "Baby, You Can Drive My Car" Kevin Inch Gretchen J. Berg & Aaron Harberts November 10, 1999 (1999-11-10) 2199266
Janet begins to panic about wedding preparations. Steve suggests that they organize a scavenger hunt for their friends, with clues providing the location of a party. Dylan and his friend Andrew are attacked by gay bashers. Andrew does not want to help put away their attackers because he has yet to come out. His boss finds out that he is gay and puts him on leave. Kelly snipes at Noah during the scavenger hunt, as she blames his strip club for Jackie and Mel's break-up. Gina freaks out when Dylan refuses to pull over and help a stray dog. David helps her find the animal and take it to the vet. The gang arrives at a park to discover that Steve and Janet are holding a surprise wedding ceremony. At the reception, Dylan baffles Kelly by commenting on how beautiful she had looked in her wedding dress. Gina leaves abruptly after Dylan admits that they will probably never get married. She sleeps with David. Kelly confronts Dylan about his remark. He confesses that he flew in for her wedding, only to leave immediately because he couldn't watch her marry someone else.
275
9 "Family Tree" Allison Liddi John Eisendrath November 17, 1999 (1999-11-17) 2199267
Steve and Janet endure various calamities on their honeymoon. Just as they are beginning to have a good time, Janet goes into labor. Although the birth is expected to be routine, the doctors are forced to perform an emergency C-section. Janet and the baby experience life-threatening complications. Jackie seeks full custody of Erin, and David and Kelly try to keep their sister's spirits up. Jackie tells Kelly that Gina blackmailed Mel. David refuses to believe this, and Gina denies the allegations. He learns the truth from his father, but decides to give Gina another chance. Dylan helps Andrew get his job back and fights the prejudice at the community center. Kelly complains about Noah's monopolization of the apartment. Donna buys genealogy software as a wedding gift for Steve and Janet. She accesses Gina's birth certificate and discovers that Donna's dad is listed as the father.
276
10 "What's in a Name" Christopher Hibler Scott Fifer November 17, 1999 (1999-11-17) 2199268
Janet pulls through, but the baby suffers from lung problems. Doctors successfully intubate the child, and she is able to breathe on her own. Steve and Janet name their daughter Madeline. Donna confronts her father, who admits that Gina is his daughter. Felice has always known this, as Dr. Martin had a drunken one-night stand with her sister during the 1970s. Donna feels that her parents treated Gina unfairly by hiding the truth and failing to support her financially. She storms out during Thanksgiving dinner. Donna desperately wants to tell Gina that they are sisters. However, she holds off for the time being because she does not want to spoil Gina's memories of her late stepfather. Dylan convinces Kelly and her family to help with the charity Thanksgiving dinner he has organized. Matt accuses him of making a move on Kelly, so Dylan diminishes himself in her eyes by bailing out of his own event. Kelly tries to stop Jackie from trashing Mel in front of Erin.
277
11 "Sibling Revelry" Graeme Lynch John Eisendrath December 15, 1999 (1999-12-15) 2199269
Gina considers leaving Los Angeles. Donna tells Gina the truth about her parentage. An outraged Gina lashes out at Donna. Whereas she had previously believed that her rough childhood was the result of circumstances beyond anyone's control, she now knows that she was rejected. Gina refuses David's help and turns to Dylan for comfort. A jealous David argues with Dylan and pushes him in front of a car. He sustains only a few bruises. David breaks up with Gina because he considers her a bad influence. He patches things up with Dylan. Donna assures Gina that her relationship with her stepfather was not a lie. Gina visits her childhood home, which stirs up happy memories. Matt gets jealous when Dylan buys a $16,000 painting for Kelly. Kelly confronts Dylan and demands that he make a lifetime commitment or leave her alone. He responds with a frightened grunt, so she stays with Matt. She claims that her offer was just a test, but admits to Donna that she doesn't know how she would have reacted if Dylan had accepted. Noah confesses that he never really attended Harvard. His father paid off the cops to keep him from being jailed after his girlfriend's death, and he fled to Hawaii instead of enrolling. Donna considers dumping Noah because of his constant lying. Steve becomes overly protective of Madeline after bringing her home from the hospital. Janet tries to get him to loosen up.
278
12 "Nine Yolks Whipped Lightly" Joel J. Feigenbaum Laurie McCarthy December 22, 1999 (1999-12-22) 2199270
The Martins ask Gina to join them for Christmas. However, they refuse to allow her at their Christmas Eve party because they don't want to explain the situation to friends. Donna initially backs her parents, but skips the party to show Gina her support. Donna continually questions Noah about the car accident that killed his girlfriend. Noah finally breaks up with her, as he cannot bear to relive the tragedy. Donna bonds with Gina. Steve and Janet run into her parents at a tree lot. Janet invites them to dinner, where they behave coldly toward Steve and make a hasty exit. Steve warns the Sosnas to stay away from Madeline unless they are willing to accept her unconditionally. They show up at the house on Christmas night and give Steve and Janet their blessing. Dylan proves to be a bad influence on the children at the community center after he punches an angry neighbor. Matt asks Kelly to marry him. Dylan also expresses a desire to commit to her. Kelly doesn't choose herself this time; she accepts Matt's proposal.
279
13 "Tainted Love" Robert Weaver Jim Halterman January 12, 2000 (2000-01-12) 2199271
Matt gets into hot water after a client decides to settle; he had already spent the man's retainer on Kelly's engagement ring. Gina tries to help by asking Dylan for $15,000, without telling him who would receive it. Matt turns down the money and has to pawn Kelly's ring. He is suspended from practicing law for 30 days, leaving his practice on the verge of bankruptcy. Dylan acts very aloof around Kelly, and loses interest in his god parenting duties because he doesn't want to spend time with her. A bitter Gina denounces the idea of god parenting, because Dr. Martin had served as her godfather as a means of easing his guilt. She changes her mind and tells Dylan that he could be a positive influence on Madeline. He shows up at Madeline's baptism at the last minute and impresses everyone with his speech. Donna has a disastrous date with the guy who runs the coffee stand next to her store. Noah spends all his time partying with a bunch of weird people. As he moves out, he and Donna act as though they long to get back together for the umpteenth time.
280
14 "I'm Using You 'Cause I Like You" Ian Ziering Gretchen J. Berg & Aaron Harberts January 19, 2000 (2000-01-19) 2199272
Matt violates his suspension by negotiating a settlement for a worker injured on the job, who would lose his right to file a complaint in two days. Matt sets up David on a date with an attorney friend who is on the ethics committee. David blabs about the case, and the woman warns Matt to cease his involvement or be reported to the bar association. Matt just laughs it off and continues his work, so Chrissy reports him. Matt's suspension is doubled, and David stops seeing Chrissy because he considers her a traitor. Kelly announces that she is quitting the store. Donna gets a date with a handsome man who turns out to be married. She and David decide to hang out together in their own "losers' club." Gina receives a spokesmodel offer after she and Dylan are pictured at a hot club in the society pages. Noah and his entourage leech off of Dylan and his money. Dylan objects when they do drugs in his limousine. Dylan and Gina get pulled over for speeding in the limo. The police find cocaine in the back seat and arrest them. Despite her innocence, Gina loses a chance at the job. Dylan clears them by identifying Noah's friend (and Dylan's one-night stand) Josie as a drug dealer. Josie flushes her supply, but her junkie brother threatens Dylan. Steve and Janet hire a perky young nanny. Noah takes her out and discovers that she is a nymphomaniac. Steve realizes that he slept with her during college.
NOTE: Nu Flavor make a guest appearance in this episode.
281
15 "Fertile Ground" Victor Lobl John Eisendrath January 26, 2000 (2000-01-26) 2199273
Matt's brother and sister-in-law come to town and reveal that they cannot conceive a child on their own. They ask Matt to be their surrogate father. Kelly objects and orders Matt to turn them down, then becomes angry upon learning that he told his brother that he had to bow to her wishes. She later realizes that not everything is about her and gives Matt her blessing. Gina, with Dylan's help, gets a shot at another television job. The man will not hire her unless she helps his teenage son lose weight before the school dance. Gina loses the job (as usual) after she encourages the boy to stand up to his overbearing father. She convinces the man to treat his son with respect by detailing the way that her pushy mother shaped her life. Gina escorts Michael to the dance, where Dylan surprises her by showing up to give her the prom she never had. Donna dates the clothing buyer for a chain of stores. He buys a bunch of her designs, but Donna nixes a relationship because they have nothing in common. She becomes jealous when David gets involved with Camille Desmond, the editor of a fashion magazine. Steve confesses his past fling with Darby to Janet, who fires the woman. Steve suffers a bruised ego because Darby doesn't remember the encounter. Josie fears for her life because she had to flush $90,000 worth of merchandise; she insists that the other dealer will kill her. Josie asks Noah to lobby Dylan on her behalf. He refuses to help. Josie's brother Shane and another man kidnap Noah at gunpoint, as they assume that someone would actually pay to get him back.
282
16 "The Final Proof" Brian Austin Green Matt Dearborn & Tyler Bensinger February 9, 2000 (2000-02-09) 2199274
Shane demands a one-million-dollar ransom from Dylan. Noah points out that it may have been smarter to kidnap someone whom Dylan actually likes. Dylan agrees to pay the ransom; but Shane kidnaps him with help from Josie, who had claimed to be unaware of her brother's whereabouts. Shane plans to kill Dylan and Noah because it couldn't get him into any more trouble than he already is. They escape while the kidnappers are filling up their van, and scuffle with Shane and his friend. Josie hands over her gun to Dylan because she doesn't want anyone to be murdered. She drops a lit cigarette, which ignites the overflowing gasoline. Although Dylan tells him to forget it, Noah retrieves the ransom money before the van explodes. The kidnappers get arrested. Dr. Martin invites Gina to dinner while Felice is out of town. Gina tries to bond with him, but is angry because he had not called her since Christmas. Dr. Martin visits Gina's hotel room and expresses a willingness to work things out. They embrace, and she agrees to call him "Dad." Gina trains her father in an effort to get him into shape. As Donna arrives for the trio's dinner engagement, Gina finds that Dr. Martin has collapsed. Donna tries desperately to revive him. Kelly becomes ill just before she is to appear on a couples game show with Matt, so Donna takes her place. Matt comes to believe that Kelly shares too many details of their private life. David fears that Camille is going back to her rich ex-boyfriend.
NOTE: Ryan Seacrest makes a guest appearance in this episode.
283
17 "Doc Martin" Kevin Inch John Eisendrath & Laurie McCarthy February 16, 2000 (2000-02-16) 2199275
Dr. Martin dies of a stroke. Kelly suggests that Gina is to blame for his death, as does the grief-stricken Felice. David also seems to support this theory. Gina is upset when the obituary states that Dr. Martin has only one child; Felice calls her a mistake. Donna feels that Dr. Martin would still be alive if Gina hadn't discovered he was her father, even though Donna was the one who shared this information. Dylan grows tired of Kelly's whining and moralizing. He and Gina decide to leave town. Gina is not allowed to sit with immediate family at the funeral. However, she goes to the front of the church and finishes the eulogy when Donna is unable to continue. Felice embraces her and accepts her as part of the family. Dylan decides that he shouldn't leave Los Angeles because he has unfinished business with Kelly. Gina says goodbye to Donna and embarks on a cross-country road trip. David comforts Donna throughout her ordeal. Kelly takes a public relations job to ease the financial burden created by Matt's suspension. She is shocked to learn that she must campaign against gay students' right to form high school clubs. In the aftermath of the kidnapping, Noah becomes depressed and drinks a lot.
NOTE: This is the final appearance of Vanessa Marcil, as Gina Kincaid. Beth Hart makes a guest appearance in this episode.
284
18 "Eddie Waitkus" Chip Chalmers John Eisendrath March 1, 2000 (2000-03-01) 2199276
During news coverage of an emergency landing at a Los Angeles airport, Dylan and Steve observe that one of the passengers looks exactly like Dylan's late father. Dylan, with some prompting from conspiracy theorist Steve, becomes convinced that his father is still alive. He grows even more suspicious after discovering that the storage locker with Jack's belongings has been ransacked. He goes to see Christine Pettit at the FBI and demands some answers. She agrees to investigate, but insists that the whole thing is just a coincidence. Although she urges Dylan to let it go, Kelly obtains a passenger list from the airline. Dylan notices that one of the passengers is named Eddie Waitkus. He explains to Steve that Waitkus was the real-life inspiration for "The Natural," a story that was a favorite of baseball fanatics Dylan and Jack. Waitkus disappeared, only to suddenly resurface several years later. Dylan emphatically declares that Jack is alive. Donna gives up a chance at dating a nice guy in order to play nursemaid to the boozing Noah. Donna claims that she is only helping Noah because he doesn't have any friends, while Janet and David insist that he is trying to win her back. Noah breaks into the beach apartment in the middle of the night. Matt doesn't realize that it is Noah; he clobbers him with a baseball bat, leaving him unconscious. Kelly reluctantly writes a speech in favor of the ballot initiative banning gay clubs. She has a crisis of conscience and quits the p.r. firm. Camille becomes a partner in Now Wear This. She and David have a misunderstanding about sex.
285
19 "I Will Be Your Father Figure" Tori Spelling Gretchen J. Berg & Aaron Harberts March 8, 2000 (2000-03-08) 2199277
Kelly and Matt help Dylan search for his father. They learn that Eddie Waitkus lives in Tolleson, Arizona; and Kelly obtains his address. Dylan sees that Jack has a happy life with a wife and young son, and decides not to approach him. Jack shows up at Dylan's hotel room. Donna insists on looking after Noah as he recovers from his injuries. Noah tries to rekindle their relationship, but Donna has moved on. Camille becomes jealous of the closeness between David and Donna. Although David and Donna try to establish some boundaries, neither seems very happy about it. Steve's brother Ryan comes to visit for spring break. He is a pre-med major at Amherst. Ryan goes drinking at clubs with Steve every night, lies around like a pig all day, and mouths off to Janet. Janet opines that Ryan is trying to live up to Steve's reputation. Ryan reveals that he wound up on academic probation because of his constant partying, and dropped out of school. Kelly starts her own public relations firm.
286
20 "Ever Heard the One About the Exploding Father?" Anson Williams John Eisendrath & Laurie McCarthy March 15, 2000 (2000-03-15) 2199278
Dylan orders his father to leave. He is angry with Kelly for going against his wishes by contacting Jack. Dylan storms out of another meeting with his father after learning that Jack told his wife everything else about his past without mentioning Dylan's existence. Jack decides to leave the Witness Protection program and move his family to Los Angeles. They believe that his testimony is long forgotten and that private security can protect them. Christine warns Dylan that two of Jack's enemies have discovered that he is alive and are planning on revenge. Dylan convinces Jack to stay in the program, and cannot bring himself to leave with him. A New York radio station offers David a job. David turns down the offer because he doesn't want to leave Donna. Kelly suspects that Donna is jealous of Camille. Donna denies this, but later confesses to Kelly that she is still in love with David. Steve becomes concerned when Noah gives Ryan a job at the After Dark. Noah warns Ryan not to follow in his footsteps by throwing away his chance at an education. Ryan elects to travel with Rush in Europe for a while, then enroll at California University. Steve and Janet struggle with the task of getting Maddy to sleep on her own. Matt represents a comedian who was fired for not being funny.
287
21 "Spring Fever" Allison Liddi Annie Brunner March 22, 2000 (2000-03-22) 2199279
Dylan and Matt go dirt biking for the weekend. They find that their campground is the site of a rave. Matt unwittingly drinks fruit juice that contains liquid acid. He gets very wild and winds up sleeping with one of the partygoers. Dylan advises him to keep the encounter a secret. A lonely Donna grows more jealous of David's relationship with Camille. She accidentally walks in on them having sex on the floor of the store. She freaks out and starts disinfecting everything in sight. Camille suspects that Donna wants David back. David tries to broach the subject with Donna; they reminisce, but do not disclose their feelings. Noah recognizes a bar customer as a woman from his A.A. group. He stops her from drinking, and they quickly make a connection. She feels threatened by Donna until Noah helps her obtain a full-time job. Kelly recommends Maddy for a sausage commercial. Janet neglects her work and becomes caught up in the idea of being a show biz parent. A change in the campaign causes Steve to replace Maddy as the focal point of the spots. He quickly lets the success go to his head.
288
22 "The Easter Bunny" Charlie Correll John Eisendrath April 5, 2000 (2000-04-05) 2199280
Kelly grows suspicious of Matt's distant behavior. She seeks answers from Dylan, who denies that anything unusual happened during their dirt biking weekend. Matt admits to drinking spiked punch. After witnessing Kelly's indignant reaction, he decides not to tell her about his one-night stand. Kelly insists that Matt is still hiding something from her. She later apologizes for failing to trust him. Camille tries to convince Donna to sell her clothing online. Although Donna doesn't support the idea, Camille seeks out Dylan as an investor. Even after Donna agrees to the proposal, David fumes at Camille for going behind her back. He also expresses discontent at the amount of time she is spending with Dylan. Donna agrees to a date with the web page designer. Steve and Janet fear that her parents' dog is to blame for the death of their snooty neighbors' pet rabbit. Steve concocts a scheme to keep the couple from discovering the truth. Ellen objects to Noah's efforts to help her establish a normal life. Donna reminds Noah that he cannot single-handedly save Ellen.
NOTE: Edwin McCain makes a guest appearance in this episode.
289
23 "And Don't Forget to Give Me Back My Black T-Shirt" Allan Kroeker Matt Dearborn & Tyler Bensinger April 19, 2000 (2000-04-19) 2199281
Mitch annoys Donna by trying to plan their entire relationship via an electronic organizer. She suggests that they stop seeing each other outside of the business setting. Mitch responds by freezing her web site until she agrees to another date. Donna tells him off and makes it clear that she will not change her mind. Mitch opens the site, which quickly becomes a major success. David objects when Camille is asked to model for the web site. He admits to Donna that he is purposely trying to sabotage his romance with Camille. David finally breaks up with Camille, telling her that they simply weren't meant to be together. Janet nixes Steve's plans to invest in Donna's site because of their limited finances. Steve infuriates her by investing money left to him by his grandfather. Janet didn't know the account existed, and thinks that Steve kept it as a safety net so that he could leave her. Steve explains that he fears he won't be able to properly support his family; he used the account as insurance against his screw-ups. A man that Matt met during his desert weekend approaches him for legal services. Kelly hears him mention Amy, so Matt covers by claiming that Dylan slept with the woman. Noah bails Ellen out of jail after she is found drinking in her car. He convinces her to return to A.A. Ellen reveals that she has a six-year-old daughter, who lives with her grandmother because Ellen can't take care of her.
290
24 "Love is Blind" Jennie Garth John Eisendrath April 26, 2000 (2000-04-26) 2199282
Donna is upset by her mother's decision to sell the house. David hangs out with her at the apartment, and they both fall asleep on the couch. Donna pulls away from a kiss because she doesn't want to risk their friendship by becoming romantically involved. Felice and the gang grant Donna's wish for one final Christmas at the house. Steve, Janet and Felice set up an unwitting Donna and David on a date. They finally decide to get back together, and share a passionate kiss. Kelly and Matt set an August wedding date. Dylan infuriates Kelly with his wedding gift, a trip around the world for two. Matt considers a job offer in Seattle, and Kelly agrees to go with him. Although he fails to get the job, Matt suggests that they move anyway. Dylan unsuccessfully pleads with Kelly for another chance at their relationship. A man offers to purchase The Beat for $750,000. Janet would continue to work at the paper, while Steve would stay home with Maddy. They decide to give this arrangement a trial run. Steve initially feels emasculated, but comes to enjoy spending time with his daughter. Janet fears that she is missing out on the major events in Maddy's life. Noah helps convince Ellen's mother to let her spend time with her daughter, Caitlin. Ellen tells Noah that she doesn't have time to date him, as she must concentrate on being a good mother.
291
25 "I'm Happy for You...Really" Roy Campanella II Laurie McCarthy May 10, 2000 (2000-05-10) 2199283
Camille returns to town after a long vacation with hope of reconciliation with David, unaware of his returning feelings for Donna who finds Camille's presence uncomfortable. Meanwhile, a reported surfing accident in Dylan's area makes Kelly searching for him thinking that he may be dead. When the rumor is false and Dylan turns up alive, Kelly ponders her hidden feelings for him. Janet is offered a better editing job away from the Beverly Beat which makes Steve wary over this turn of events. Also, Noah meets with Ellen again to try to work out their differences and start anew.
292
26 "The Penultimate" Michael Lange John Eisendrath May 17, 2000 (2000-05-17) 2199284
David expresses his feelings for Donna by writing her a giant love note in the sand. He is understanding about her reluctance to accept his proposal. He believes that she is having trouble reconciling her dreams of the perfect marriage with reality. A talk with Janet prompts Donna to realize that her expectations have been unreasonable. She tells David that she loves him and wants to spend the rest of her life with him. Dylan graduates from California University. Matt considers moving to New York to help her sister-in-law raise his child (for whom he was the surrogate father). He declares that he will stay in Los Angeles for Kelly. Kelly, unable to fight her feelings for Dylan, calls off the engagement. Matt assumes that Dylan told her about his indiscretion in the desert. Kelly lashes out at Dylan for failing to disclose this information. Janet is distressed to learn that she must compete for the editorship of Nouveau, which Yoffe had led her to believe was already hers. She feels left out as Steve strengthens his bond with Maddy. Ellen asks Noah for a commitment in order to protect Caitlin from potential heartache. He declines because the relationship is moving too quickly for him.
293
27 "Ode to Joy" Kevin Inch John Eisendrath May 17, 2000 (2000-05-17) 2199285
The end of an era approaches as the 90210 gang makes major life decisions. Relationships come to an end, age-old romances bloom, and the wedding of a much-loved couple is celebrated among friends, family, and fans alike. Old friends make fresh appearances as the gang prepares to say goodbye to the show that truly defined a generation.
NOTE: Jason Priestley, Tiffani Thiessen & Gabrielle Carteris make special guest appearances in this episode, as Brandon Walsh, Valerie Malone & Andrea Zuckerman, respectively. Tamia and Eric Benet also make guest appearances in this episode as themselves.
Source: [1]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Beverly Hills, 90210 Episode Guide". TV.com. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
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Situational ethics
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Situational ethics or situation ethics takes into account the particular context of an act when evaluating it ethically, rather than judging it according to absolute moral standards. With the intent to have a fair basis for judgments or action, one looks to personal ideals of what is appropriate to guide them, rather than an unchanging universal code of conduct, such as Biblical law under divine command theory or the Kantian categorical imperative.[1] Proponents of situational approaches to ethics include existentialist philosophers Kierkegaard, Sartre, de Beauvoir, Jaspers, and Heidegger.[2]
Specifically Christian forms of situational ethics placing love above all particular principles or rules were proposed in the first half of the twentieth century by liberal theologians Rudolf Bultmann, John A. T. Robinson, and Joseph Fletcher.[3] These theologians point specifically to agapē, or unconditional love, as the highest end. Other theologians who advocated situational ethics include Josef Fuchs, Reinhold Niebuhr, Karl Barth, Emil Brunner, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, and Paul Tillich.[4]:33 Tillich, for example, declared that "Love is the ultimate law."[5]
Fletcher, who became prominently associated with this approach in the English-speaking world due to his book (Situation Ethics), stated that "all laws and rules and principles and ideals and norms, are only contingent, only valid if they happen to serve love" in the particular situation,[4]:30 and thus may be broken or ignored if another course of action would achieve a more loving outcome. Fletcher has sometimes been identified as the founder of situation ethics, but he himself refers his readers to the active debate over the theme that preceded his own work.[4]:33–34
Contents
[hide]
1 Ethical classification and origin of term
2 Fletcher
2.1 The four working principles
2.2 The six fundamental principles (propositions)
2.3 Examples
2.3.1 Himself Might his Quietus Make
2.3.2 Special Bombing Mission No. 13
2.3.3 Christian Cloak and Dagger
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Ethical classification and origin of term[edit]
Situational ethics is a form of consequentialism, though distinct from utilitarianism in that the latter's aim is "the greatest good for the greatest number", while situational ethics focuses on creating the greatest amount of love. Situational ethics can also be classed under the ethical theory genre of "proportionalism" which says that "It is never right to go against a principle unless there is a proportionate reason which would justify it."[6] J. A. T. Robinson, a situational ethicist, considered the approach to be a form of ethical relativism.
There was an active debate in the mid-twentieth century around situational ethics, which was being promoted by a number of primarily Protestant theologians. The English term "situation ethics" was taken from the German Situationsethik. It is unclear who first coined the term either in German or in its English variant.
Fletcher[edit]
Fletcher proposed that in forming an ethical system based on love, he was best expressing the notion of "love thy neighbor," which Jesus Christ taught in the Gospels of the New Testament of the Bible. Through situational ethics, Fletcher was attempting to find a "middle road" between legalistic and antinomian ethics. Fletcher developed his theory of situational ethics in his books: The Classic Treatment and Situation Ethics. Situational ethics is thus a teleological or consequential theory, in that it is primarily concerned with the outcome or consequences of an action; the end. Fletcher proposed that loving ends justify any means.[4]
Fletcher outlined his theory in four "working principles" and six "fundamental principles".
The four working principles[edit]
The following are presuppositions Fletcher makes before setting out the situational ethics theory:
Pragmatism: An action someone makes should be judged according to the love influenced in it, so the user must always ask: what is the most loving thing to do? For example, war may not – to a situationist – be considered the most 'loving' thing and so many are quick to deem it as morally wrong.
Relativism: Approaching every situation with a relative mindset and thus opposing legalistic approaches – avoid words such as 'never', 'complete' and 'perfect'.
Positivism: The most important choice of all in the teachings in 1 John 4:7-12 is "let us love one another because love is from God".
Personalism: Whereas the legalist thinks people should work to laws, the situational ethicist believes that laws benefit the people. This forces the user to ask 'who is to be helped?' instead of 'what is the law', stressing the importance of people before laws.
The six fundamental principles (propositions)[edit]
First proposition
Only one thing is intrinsically good; namely love: nothing else at all. Fletcher (1966, p. 56) – an action is good only in so far as it brings about agape.
Second proposition
The ruling norm of Christian decision is love: nothing else. Fletcher (1966, p. 69) – the most important commandment is to love God and "love thy neighbour".
Third proposition
Love and Justice are the same, for justice is love distributed, nothing else. Fletcher (1966, p. 87) – asks that one must always have an eye on the intention of an action.
Justice is Christian love using its head, calculating its duties, obligations, opportunities, resources... Justice is love coping with situations where distribution is called for. Fletcher (1966, p. 95)
Fourth proposition
Love wills the neighbour's good, whether we like him or not. Fletcher (1966, p. 103) – illustrates that agape is not an emotion as it sometimes involves sacrifice, we must thus love not expecting anything in return.
Fifth proposition
Only the end justifies the means, nothing else. Actions only acquire moral status as a means to an end; for Fletcher, the end must be the most loving result. When measuring a situation, one must consider the desired end, the means available, the motive for acting and the foreseeable consequences. Fletcher (1966, p. 120) – thus, you must recognise that anything may be done if it brings about the most loving outcome.
Sixth proposition
Love's decisions are made situationally, not prescriptively. Fletcher (1966, p. 134)
Examples[edit]
Fletcher proposed various examples of situations in which the established moral laws might need to be put on hold in order to achieve the greater amount of love. These were based upon real situations.
Himself Might his Quietus Make[edit]
“ I dropped in on a patient at the hospital who explained that he only had a set time to live. The doctors could give him some pills (that would cost $40 every three days) that would keep him alive for the next three years, but if he didn't take the pills, he’d be dead within six months. Now he was insured for $100,000, double indemnity and that was all the insurance he had. But if he took the pills and lived past next October when the insurance was up for renewal, they were bound to refuse the renewal, and his insurance would be canceled. So he told me that he was thinking that if he didn't take the pills, then his family would get left with some security, and asked my advice on the situation. ”
Pragmatism, positivism, relativism and personalism are the four working principles which mean to be reasonably sure the act you take will work and provide the most loving consequence, accepting Situational Ethics as a matter of faith and not reason, each situation must be relative to love and bring about the most loving result and finally the needs of people come first rather than a set of rules.
Special Bombing Mission No. 13[edit]
“ When the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, the plane crew were silent. Captain Lewis uttered six words, "My God, what have we done?" Three days later another one fell on Nagasaki. About 152,000 were killed, many times more were wounded and burned, to die later. The next day Japan sued for peace. When deciding whether to use "the most terrible weapon ever known" the US President appointed an Interim Committee made up of distinguished and responsible people in the government. Most but not all of its military advisors favoured using it. Top-level scientists said they could find no acceptable alternative to using it, but they were opposed by equally able scientists. After lengthy discussions, the committee decided that the lives saved by ending the war swiftly by using this weapon outweighed the lives destroyed by using it and thought that the best course of action. ”
Christian Cloak and Dagger[edit]
“ I was reading "Biblical Faith and Social Ethics",[7] Clinton Gardner's book on a shuttle plane to New York. Next to me sat a young woman of about twenty-eight or so, attractive and well turned out in expensive clothes of good taste. She showed some interest in my book, and I asked if she'd like to look at it. "No", she said, "I'd rather talk." What about? "Me." I knew this meant good-bye to the reading. "I have a problem I'm confused about. You might help me to decide," she explained... There was a war going on that her government believed could be stopped by some clever use of espionage and blackmail. However, this meant she had to seduce and sleep with an enemy spy in order to lure him into blackmail. Now this went against her morals, but if it brought the war to an end, saving thousands of lives, would it be worth breaking those standards? ”

These situations were criticised as being extreme. Joseph Fletcher agreed that they were, as general guidelines should apply in normal cases, with exceptions for extreme cases.
See also[edit]
Biblical law in Christianity
Biblical Sabbath
Casuistry
Graded absolutism
John Dewey
Moral relativism
Prima facie right
The Philosophy of Freedom
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Situation ethics", The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition (2000)
Jump up ^ Mark E. Graham, Josef Fuchs on Natural Law, Georgetown University Press, 2002, p. 8
Jump up ^ Porter, Burton Frederick (2001). The Good Life: Alternatives in Ethics. p. 211.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Fletcher, Joseph (1997). Situation ethics: The new morality. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664257613.
Jump up ^ Tillich, Systematic Theology, v. 1, p. 152
Jump up ^ Hoose, 1987
Jump up ^ E. Clinton Gardner, Biblical Faith and Social Ethics, NY:Harper, 1960
External links[edit]
Situation ethics (contextualism), on John Dewey and James Hayden Tufts(1922), and Fletcher (1995)
"Situational Ethics, Social Deception, and Lessons of Machiavelli" (2004)
Dewey's Moral Philosophy (2005, revised 2014)
Situational Ethics explained, evaluated and applied An introduction to Fletcher's Situational Ethics from rsrevision.com
Situation Ethics Article Another overview and explanation of Fletcher's situational ethics.
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Cinco de Mayo
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Not to be confused with Mexican Independence Day, which occurs on September 16.
Cinco de Mayo
Battle of Puebla
Observed by
Mexicans, mixed nationality
Type
Multinational
Significance
Celebration of the Mexican victory over French forces at the Battle of Puebla, on May 5, 1862
Celebrations
Parades, food, music, folkloric dancing
Date
May 5
Next time
5 May 2018 (2018-05-05)
Frequency
annual
Related to
El Día de la Batalla de Puebla
Cinco de Mayo (pronounced [ˈsiŋko ðe ˈmaʝo]; Spanish for "Fifth of May") is an annual celebration held on May 5. The date is observed to commemorate the Mexican Army's unlikely victory over French forces at the Battle of Puebla, on May 5, 1862, under the leadership of General Ignacio Zaragoza.[1][2]
In the United States, Cinco de Mayo has taken on a significance beyond that in Mexico.[3][4][5][6] In the U.S. the date has become associated with the celebration of Mexican-American culture. In Mexico, the commemoration of the battle continues to be mostly ceremonial, such as through military parades.
In the United States, Cinco de Mayo is sometimes mistaken for Mexico's Independence Day—the most important national holiday in Mexico—which is celebrated on September 16, commemorating the Cry of Dolores that initiated the war of Mexican independence from Spain.[1][7]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
1.1 Events leading to the Battle of Puebla
1.2 French invasion
1.3 Mexican victory
1.4 Events after the battle
1.5 Significance
1.6 Consequences to the United States
2 History of the holiday
2.1 United States
2.2 Mexico
2.3 Elsewhere
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Background
"May 5, 1862 and the siege of Puebla", a 1901 image from the Biblioteca del Niño Mexicano, a series of booklets for children detailing the history of Mexico
Events leading to the Battle of Puebla
Cinco de Mayo has its roots in the French occupation of Mexico, which took place in the aftermath of the Mexican–American War of 1846–48 and the 1858–61 Reform War. The Reform War was a civil war which pitted Liberals (who believed in separation of church and state, and freedom of religion) against the Conservatives (who favored a tight bond between the Roman Catholic Church and the Mexican State).[8] These wars nearly bankrupted the Mexican Treasury. On July 17, 1861, Mexican President Benito Juárez issued a moratorium in which all foreign debt payments would be suspended for two years.[3][9] In response, Britain, France, and Spain sent naval forces to Veracruz to demand reimbursement. Britain and Spain negotiated with Mexico and withdrew, but France, at the time ruled by Napoleon III, decided to use the opportunity to establish an empire in Mexico that would favor French interests, the Second Mexican Empire. The empire was part of an envisioned "Latin America" (term used to imply cultural kinship of the region with France) that would rebuild French influence in the American continent and exclude Anglophone American territories.
French invasion
Main article: Battle of Puebla
Late in 1861, a well-armed French fleet stormed Veracruz, landing a large French force and driving President Juárez and his government into retreat.[10] Moving on from Veracruz towards Mexico City, the French army encountered heavy resistance from the Mexicans close to Puebla, at the Mexican forts of Loreto and Guadalupe.[11] The 6,000-strong[12] French army[13][note 1] attacked the much smaller[14] and poorly equipped Mexican army of 4,000.[15][note 2] Yet, on May 5, 1862,[16] the Mexicans managed to decisively crush the French army, then considered "the premier army in the world".[17][18][19]
Mexican victory
The victory represented a significant morale boost to the Mexican army and the Mexican people at large. In the description of The History Channel, "Although not a major strategic win in the overall war against the French, Zaragoza's success at Puebla represented a great symbolic victory for the Mexican government and bolstered the resistance movement."[20] As Time magazine remarked, "The Puebla victory came to symbolize unity and pride for what seemed like a Mexican David defeating a French Goliath."[21] It helped establish a much-needed sense of national unity and patriotism.[22]
Events after the battle
The Mexican victory, however, was short-lived. A year later, with 30,000 troops, the French were able to defeat the Mexican army, capture Mexico City, and install Emperor Maximilian I as ruler of Mexico.[23] The French victory was itself short-lived, lasting only three years, from 1864 to 1867.[23] By 1865, "with the American Civil War now over, the U.S. began to provide more political and military assistance to Mexico to expel the French".[23] Upon the conclusion of the American Civil War, Napoleon III, facing a persistent Mexican guerilla resistance, the threat of war with Prussia, and "the prospect of a serious scrap with the United States", retreated from Mexico starting in 1866.[24] The Mexicans recaptured Mexico City, and Maximilian I was apprehended and executed, along with his Mexican generals Miguel Miramón and Tomás Mejía Camacho in Cerro de las Campanas, Querétaro.[9][23] "On June 5, 1867, Benito Juarez finally entered Mexico City where he installed a new government and reorganized his administration."[9]
Significance
The Battle of Puebla was important for at least two reasons. First, although considerably outnumbered, the Mexicans defeated a much-better-equipped French army. "This battle was significant in that the 4,000 Mexican soldiers were greatly outnumbered by the well-equipped French army of 8,000 that had not been defeated for almost 50 years." [25][26] [note 3] Second, since the Battle of Puebla, no country in the Americas has subsequently been invaded by any other European military force.[27][note 4]
Consequences to the United States
Further information: France and the American Civil War
Cinco de Mayo dancers greeted by U.S. President George W. Bush
Historian Justo Sierra has written in his Political Evolution of the Mexican People that, had Mexico not defeated the French in Puebla on May 5, 1862, France would have gone to the aid of the Confederacy in the U.S. Civil War and the United States' destiny would have been different.[28][29]
History of the holiday
United States
Cinco de Mayo performers at the White House
According to a paper published by the UCLA Center for the Study of Latino Health and Culture about the origin of the observance of Cinco de Mayo in the United States, the modern American focus on that day first started in California in the 1860s in response to the resistance to French rule in Mexico.[30] "Far up in the gold country town of Columbia (now Columbia State Park) Mexican miners were so overjoyed at the news that they spontaneously fired off rifle shots and fireworks, sang patriotic songs and made impromptu speeches."[31]
A 2007 UCLA Newsroom article notes that, "the holiday, which has been celebrated in California continuously since 1863, is virtually ignored in Mexico."[30] TIME magazine reports that "Cinco de Mayo started to come into vogue in 1940s America during the rise of the Chicano Movement."[21] The holiday crossed over from California into the rest of the United States in the 1950s and 1960s but did not gain popularity until the 1980s when marketers, especially beer companies, capitalized on the celebratory nature of the day and began to promote it.[32][33] It grew in popularity and evolved into a celebration of Mexican culture and heritage, first in areas with large Mexican-American populations, like Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston and San Jose.[34]
In a 1998 study in the Journal of American Culture it was reported that there were more than 120 official US celebrations of Cinco de Mayo in 21 different states. An update in 2006 found that the number of official Cinco de Mayo events was 150 or more, according to José Alamillo, a professor of ethnic studies at Washington State University in Pullman, who has studied the cultural impact of Cinco de Mayo north of the border.[35] Los Angeles' Fiesta Broadway has been billed as the largest Cinco de Mayo celebration in the world, which it most certainly was at its peak in the 1990s when it attracted crowds of 500,000 or more. In recent years attendance has seen a dramatic decrease.[36][37]
Cinco de Mayo celebration in Saint Paul, Minnesota
On June 7, 2005, the United States Congress issued a concurrent resolution calling on the President of the United States to issue a proclamation calling upon the people of the United States to observe Cinco de Mayo with appropriate ceremonies and activities.[38] To celebrate, many display Cinco de Mayo banners while school districts hold special events to educate students about its historical significance. Special events and celebrations highlight Mexican culture, especially in its music and regional dancing. Examples include baile folklórico and mariachi demonstrations held annually at the Plaza del Pueblo de Los Ángeles, near Olvera Street. Commercial interests in the United States have capitalized on the celebration, advertising Mexican products and services, with an emphasis on alcoholic beverages,[39][40] foods, and music.[41][42]
Mexico
The former Forts of Guadalupe and Loreto now house a museum.
On May 9, 1862, President Juárez declared that the anniversary of the Battle of Puebla would be a national holiday regarded as "Battle of Puebla Day" or "Battle of Cinco de Mayo".[43][44][45][46][47]
Today, the commemoration of the battle is not observed as a national holiday in Mexico (i.e. not a statutory holiday).[48] However, all public schools are closed nationwide in Mexico on May 5.[49][50] The day is an official holiday in the State of Puebla, where the Battle took place, and also a full holiday (no work) in the neighboring State of Veracruz.[51][52]
In Puebla, historical reenactments, parades, and meals take place to commemorate the battle. Parade participants dress as French and Mexican soldiers to reenact the battle.[53] Every year the city also hosts the Festival Internacional de Puebla, which gathers national and international artists, traditional musicians and dancers.[53] As well as the Festival Internacional del Mole, with an emphasis on the city's iconic mole poblano.[53]
In Mexico City, military commemoration is occasionally held at the Campo Marte.[54] A street, Avenida Cinco de Mayo, in the Historic Center of Mexico City was named after the battle in 1862 by Benito Juárez.
Elsewhere
Events tied to Cinco de Mayo also occur outside Mexico and the United States. As in the United States, celebrations elsewhere also emphasize Mexican cuisine, culture and music. For example, Windsor, Ontario, Canada, holds an American-style "Cinco de Mayo Street Festival",[55][56] some Canadian pubs play Mexican music and serve Mexican food and drink,[57] and a sky-diving club near Vancouver holds a Cinco de Mayo skydiving event.[58] In the Cayman Islands, in the Caribbean, there is an annual Cinco de Mayo air guitar competition,[59] and at Montego Bay, Jamaica, there is a Cinco de Mayo celebration.[60] The city of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, holds an annual Mexican Festival[61] to honor the day, and celebrations are held in London[62] and New Zealand.[63] American-style celebrations of the day can also be found in Cape Town, South Africa,[64] Lagos, Nigeria,[65] and in Paris.[66] Cinco de Mayo is celebrated in Japan in Osaka and in Tokyo's Yoyogi Park Event Space as a celebration of Latin American culture.[67][68][69]
See also
Siege of Puebla (1863), fall of Puebla to the Imperialists
Third Battle of Puebla (1867), recapture of Puebla and decisive victory for the restoration of the Republic
References
Notes
Jump up ^ Other sources give the size of the French force as 6,500. [1]
Jump up ^ According to Mexico's National Institute of Historical Studies on the Mexican Revolution the Mexican force consisted of 4,802 soldiers.[2] And Peter Hicks of the French Fondation Napoléon and other French sources state the size of the Mexican force was 12,000 men. [3][4]. Hayes-Batista clarifies on page 60 of his El Cinco de Mayo: An American Tradition that after the smaller Mexican force had defeated the French on May 5, they received reinforcements on May 6 and 7 to the tune of 12,000 additional Mexican soldiers.
Jump up ^ It has been pointed out that, contrary to reports on PBS and in Philadelphia's The Bulletin, the French were in fact considered to have been defeated by the Russians at the Siege of Petropavlovsk in 1854.
Jump up ^ The statement in The Bulletin is, "This was the last time any army from another continent invaded the Americas."[25] Note it says "invaded", and not "attacked." Thus, since Cinco de Mayo no army from another continent has invaded the Americas. The War of the Falklands War, for example, was fought in the Americas but the Islands were invaded by a military from the Americas (the Argentine military). They were subsequently attacked (not invaded) by the UK. Another example, Pearl Harbor, experienced an attack, not an invasion by the Japanese. The only possible exception to the Cinco de Mayo claim above might be the brief occupation/invasion of two of the Alaskan Aleutian Islands by the Japanese military during WWII. This event, however, was so insignificant as to be virtually negligible: the islands invaded had a total population of 12 Americans and some 45 natives, the invasion was short-lived, and the battle fought there had no notoriety other than the psychological effect on the Americans that the Japanese had invaded American territory again (Alaska was not yet a full-fledged state). In short, the military importance of these small pieces of land was nowhere comparable to the superior military significance of the Battle of Puebla.
Citations
^ Jump up to: a b Lovgren, Stefan (May 5, 2006). "Cinco de Mayo, From Mexican Fiesta to Popular U.S. Holiday". National Geographic News.
Jump up ^ "RECOGNIZING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CINCO DE MAYO". Congress.gov. House of Representatives. 4 May 2009. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Cinco de Mayo". University of California at Los Angeles. Archived from the original on April 8, 2006. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Cinco de Mayo celebrations run all weekend". Deseret News. Retrieved May 8, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Cinco de Mayo has become a day for celebrating Mexican culture in the United States, and celebrations there easily outshine those in Mexico". About.com. Retrieved May 8, 2007.
Jump up ^ Krogstad, Jens (May 5, 2003). "University community celebrates Cinco de Mayo". The Minnesota Daily. University of Minnesota. Archived from the original on November 18, 2007. Retrieved April 25, 2016. Today, the holiday is celebrated more in the United States than in Mexico
Jump up ^ Lauren Effron (May 5, 2010). "Cinco de Mayo: NOT Mexico's Independence Day". Discovery Channel. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ Minster, Christopher (December 16, 2013). "Cinco De Mayo/The Battle of Puebla". About.com. Retrieved April 25, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c Herz, May. "Cinco de Mayo". Inside Mexico. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Cinco de Mayo". History.com. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Cinco de Mayo". Mexico Online. April 25, 2007. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Cinco de Mayo: What's all the fuss about?" Julia Goralka. The Washington Times. May 2, 2012. Retrieved November 15, 2012.
Jump up ^ Happy Cinco de Mayo – Sorta. Ray Suarez. PBS News Hour. May 4, 2012. Retrieved October 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ David E. Hayes-Batista. El Cinco de Mayo: An American Tradition. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 2012. p. 59.
Jump up ^ Cinco de Mayo. Mexico Online: The Oldest and most trusted online guide to Mexico. Retrieved November 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ Cinco de Mayo. 2011. The History Channel website. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ The Significance of "Cinco de Mayo". Ignacio González. 1996. Retrieved November 15, 2012.
Jump up ^ Cinco de Mayo -The Backstory. Archived May 13, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Tony Azios. 'Llero. Jaws Communications. 2010. Retrieved November 15, 2012.
Jump up ^ Cheryl VanBuskirk (May 7, 2009). "Cinco De Mayo: Join In The Celebration On The Fifth Of May". The Bulletin: Philadelphia's Family Newspaper. Archived from the original on May 11, 2009. Retrieved May 10, 2010.
Jump up ^ History Channel.com. Retrieved May 14, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Happy Cinco de Mayo: Top 10 Drunkest Holidays.. Time. By Frances Romero. Wednesday, May. 05, 2010.. Retrieved May 14, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Cinco de Mayo". Mexico Online. April 25, 2007. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Cinco de Mayo". Mexico Online: The Oldest and most trusted online guide to Mexico.
Jump up ^ Michael C. Meyer; William H. Beezley (2000). The Oxford History of Mexico. Oxford University Press. pp. 387–8.
^ Jump up to: a b Cinco De Mayo: Join In The Celebration On The Fifth Of May. Archived May 11, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. Cheryl VanBuskirk. The Bulletin: Philadelphia's Family Newspaper. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US. May 7, 2009. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
Jump up ^ The Battle of Puebla and Cinco de Mayo. PBS. Retrieved February 6, 2009.
Jump up ^ Cinco De Mayo: Join In The Celebration On The Fifth Of May. Archived May 11, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. Cheryl VanBuskirk. The Bulletin: Philadelphia's Family Newspaper, May 7, 2009. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Mexico's Lasting European Influence. By Jose Antonio Burciaga. Free Lance-Star Publishing. May, 2007. (First released in The Hispanic News Link. 1981.)". Banderasnews.com. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ Robert L. Bidwell (Apr 1971). "The Political Evolution of the Mexican People. By Justo Sierra. Translated by Charles Ramsdell. Austin, TX: The University of Texas Press. 1969.". Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs. Center for Latin American Studies at the University of Miami. 13 (2): 306–308. JSTOR 174689.
^ Jump up to: a b Southern California Quarterly "Cinco de Mayo's First Seventy-Five Years in Alta California: From Spontaneous Behavior to Sedimented Memory, 1862 to 1937" Spring 2007 (see American observation of Cinco de Mayo started in California) Retrieved October 30, 2007.
Jump up ^ Hayes-Bautista, David E. (April 2009). "Cinco de Mayo: The Real Story". EGP News. Eastern Group Publications. Retrieved June 2, 2016. Far up in the gold country town of Columbia (now Columbia State Park) Mexican miners were so overjoyed at the news that they spontaneously fired off rifles shots and fireworks, sang patriotic songs and made impromptu speeches.
Jump up ^ Cinco de Mayo minor holiday in Mexico. UPI. World News. May 5, 2010. Retrieved May 15, 2010. Verified March 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ Cesares, Oscar (May 5, 2010). "Holiday of Cinco de Mayo is minor event in Mexico". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved May 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Cinco de Mayo". History.com. Retrieved March 10, 2013.
Jump up ^ Lovgren, Stefan. "Cinco de Mayo History: From Bloodshed to Beer Fest". National Geographic. Los Angeles. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ Canalis, John (April 26, 1992). L.A. hosts nation's biggest Cinco de Mayo party. UPI Archives. Retrieved August 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ Jamison, Peter (April 24, 2016). With thinner crowds in a smaller space, Fiesta Broadway feels deeply diminished. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ Library of Congress (U.S.A.) Declaration. Retrieved February 6, 2009.
Jump up ^ Kane, Courtney (May 2, 2003). "Marketers extend their holiday efforts to a Mexican celebration and even to Lent.". The New York Times. Retrieved April 25, 2016. [Cinco de Mayo] gives us an opportunity ... to really get a jump-start on the summer beer-selling season
Jump up ^ "Constellation Brands and Crown Imports Ring in Cinco de Mayo at New York Stock Exchange". ACNNewswire.com. Victor, New York: Asian Corporate News Network. May 3, 2012. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ Salem, Nancy (May 4, 2007). "Cinco de Mayo's history neglected; it's an excuse to party". The Albuquerque Tribune. Archived from the original on September 14, 2007. Retrieved April 25, 2016. From my perspective as a marketing professional, Cinco de Mayo has morphed into a national holiday designed by Fifth Avenue to sell alcohol and excite consumership around a party-type theme
Jump up ^ Alamillo, José M. "Contesting Cinco de Mayo: Cultural Politics and Commercialization of Ethnic Festivals, 1930–1950". Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved May 8, 2007. Cinco de Mayo is not just a fiesta anymore, the gringos have taken it on as a good sales pitch
Jump up ^ Did You Know? Cinco de Mayo is more widely celebrated in USA than Mexico. Tony Burton. Mexconnect. Retrieved May 8, 2013.
Jump up ^ Cultural adaptation: the Cinco de Mayo holiday is far more widely celebrated in the USA than in Mexico. Geo-Mexico. May 2, 2011. Retrieved May 8, 2013.
Jump up ^ 25 Latino Craft Projects: Celebrating Culture in Your Library. Ana Elba Pabon. Diana Borrego. 2003. American Library Association. Page 14. Retrieved May 8, 2013.
Jump up ^ 7 Things You May Not Know About Cinco de Mayo. Jesse Greenspan. May 3, 2012. Retrieved May 8, 2013.
Jump up ^ Congressional Record – House. Page 7488. 9 May 2001. Retrieved May 8, 2013. Note that contrary to most other sources, this source states the date Juarez declared Cinco de Mayo to be a national holiday was September 8, 1862.
Jump up ^ Holidays 2013. Archived May 13, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. U.S. Consulate in Mexico. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
Jump up ^ Los días de 2013 que, por ley, debes descansar. January 9, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
Jump up ^ Calendario Escolar 2012–2013. Archived April 13, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Secretaria de Educacion Publica. Government of Mexico. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
Jump up ^ Calendario Puebla 2012.. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
Jump up ^ Circular 0077-13 Calendario Oficial de Días Festivos 2013. Adelante. Gobierno del Estado de Veracruz. January 16, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c "How people actually celebrate Cinco de Mayo in Mexico". Business Insider. Retrieved 2017-05-03.
Jump up ^ "Peña Nieto no estará en Puebla para desfile del 5 de Mayo; conmemora Batalla en Campo Marte". SDPnoticias.com (in Spanish). 5 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Cinco de Mayo at Kensington Court – Eyes on Windsor". eyesonwindsor.com. Retrieved 2017-05-03.
Jump up ^ "Windsor Cinco de Mayo Celebration 2017 | Windsor, CA – Official Website". www.townofwindsor.com. Retrieved 2017-05-03.
Jump up ^ Canadian celebration Archived August 27, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.; St. Albert, Canada 2012 celebration; Montreal celebration. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Cinco de Mayo Skydiving Boogie 2008". Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada. Archived from the original on 2008-04-19. Retrieved May 5, 2008.
Jump up ^ Cayman Cinco de Mayo air guitar Archived January 16, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved May 5, 2008.
Jump up ^ Jamaica celebration. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Brisbane Cinco de Mayo Mexican Festival"; Brisbane celebration
Jump up ^ "Where to Celebrate Cinco de Mayo in London". Retrieved May 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ Mexican Ambassador to New Zealand honors Cinco de Mayo. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ Cinco de Mayo in South Africa Retrieved May 5, 2016
Jump up ^ Cinco de Mayo in Lagos, Nigeria Retrieved May 5, 2016
Jump up ^ "El cinco de mayo – Paris – jeudi 05 mai" After Work. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ Cinco de Mayo festivals in Osaka and Tokyo Retrieved May 5, 2016
Jump up ^ "Cinco De Mayo Festival in Tokyo" Archived February 22, 2014, at the Wayback Machine. JapanBases.com. Retrieved August 16, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Cinco de Mayo 2013: Celebrating the Americas" Cinco de Mayo Festival. Retrieved August 16, 2013.
Sources
Hayes-Bautista, David E. El Cinco de Mayo: An American Tradition (University of California Press; 2012) 293 pages
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cinco de Mayo.
Cinco De Mayo Videos on The History Channel
Cinco De Mayo Quick Facts
"Cinco de Mayo is NOT Mexican Independence Day?" on The Law Library of Congress's blog
"Origin of the Cinco De Mayo celebration" – Mexican American News / Xcano Media
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/wiki/Latin_American#origin
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Latin American

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/wiki/History_(U.S._TV_channel)
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History (U.S. TV channel)

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/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage
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Alcoholic beverage

values: es:Avenida Cinco de Mayo (Ciudad de México)

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Historic Center of Mexico City

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Cape Town, South Africa

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Lagos, Nigeria

values: Instituto Nacional de Estudios Históricos de la Revolución Mexicana

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http://clnet.ucla.edu/cinco.html

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http://www.mexica.net/literat/Cinco.php

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//www.jstor.org/stable/174689

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http://geo-mexico.com/?p=4104

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http://www.cincodemayo.com.au

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Gay and Lesbian Pride Month

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Bunker Hill Day

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Carolina Day

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Jefferson Davis Day

values: National Prostate Cancer Awareness Month

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Gold Star Mother's Day

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National School Lunch Week

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values: سينكو دي مايو – Arabic

values: 5 траўня (мэксыканскае сьвята) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values: سینکو دی مایو – Persian

values: 싱코 데 마요 – Korean

values: Սինկո դե Մայո (տոն) – Armenian

values: סינקו דה מאיו – Hebrew

values: სინკო-დე-მაიო – Georgian

values: सिंको दे मायो – Marathi

values: シンコ・デ・マヨ – Japanese

values: Синко де Майо – Russian

values: சிங்க்கோ டே மாயோ – Tamil

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