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Declaration of war by the United States
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Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the declaration of war against Japan on December 8, 1941
A declaration of war is a formal declaration issued by a national government indicating that a state of war exists between that nation and another. The document Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications gives an extensive listing and summary of statutes which are automatically engaged upon the US declaring war.
For the United States, Article One, Section Eight of the Constitution says "Congress shall have power to ... declare War". However, that passage provides no specific format for what form legislation must have in order to be considered a "declaration of war" nor does the Constitution itself use this term. In the courts, the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, in Doe v. Bush, said: "[T]he text of the October Resolution itself spells out justifications for a war and frames itself as an 'authorization' of such a war."[1] in effect saying an authorization suffices for declaration and what some may view as a formal Congressional "Declaration of War" was not required by the Constitution.
This article will use the term "formal declaration of war" to mean Congressional legislation that uses the phrase "declaration of war" in the title. Elsewhere, this article will use the terms "authorized by Congress", "funded by Congress" or "undeclared war" to describe other such conflicts.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Declarations of war
2.1 Formal
3 Undeclared wars
3.1 Military engagements authorized by Congress
3.2 Military engagements authorized by United Nations Security Council Resolutions and funded by Congress
3.3 Other undeclared wars
4 The War Powers Resolution
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
History[edit]
The United States has formally declared war against foreign nations five separate times, each upon prior request by the President of the United States. Four of those five declarations came after hostilities had begun.[2] James Madison reported that in the Federal Convention of 1787, the phrase "make war" was changed to "declare war" in order to leave to the Executive the power to repel sudden attacks but not to commence war without the explicit approval of Congress.[3] Debate continues as to the legal extent of the President's authority in this regard. Public opposition to American involvement in foreign wars, particularly during the 1930s, was expressed as support for a Constitutional Amendment that would require a national referendum on a declaration of war.[4] Several Constitutional Amendments, such as the Ludlow Amendment, have been proposed that would require a national referendum on a declaration of war.
After Congress repealed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution in January 1971 and President Richard Nixon continued to wage war in Vietnam, Congress passed the War Powers Resolution (Pub.L. 93–148) over the veto of Nixon in an attempt to rein in some of the president's claimed powers. The War Powers Resolution proscribes the only power of the president to wage war which is recognized by Congress.[5]
Declarations of war[edit]
Formal[edit]
The table below lists the five wars in which the United States has formally declared war against eleven foreign nations.[6] The only country against which the United States has declared war more than once is Germany, against which the United States has declared war twice (though a case could be made for Hungary as a successor state to Austria-Hungary).
In World War II, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Germany and Italy, led respectively by Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini, declared war on the United States, and the U.S. Congress responded in kind.[7][8]
War
Declaration
Opponent(s)
Date of declaration
Votes
President
Result
Senate
House
War of 1812 Declaration of War upon the U.K. United Kingdom June 18, 1812 19–13 79–49 James Madison Treaty of Ghent (December 24, 1814)
Mexican–American War "An Act providing for the Prosecution of the existing War between the United States and the Republic of Mexico."[9] Mexico May 13, 1846 40–2 173–14 James K. Polk Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (February 2, 1848)
Spanish–American War Declaration of War upon Spain Spain April 25, 1898 42–35 310–6 William McKinley Treaty of Paris (December 10, 1898)
World War I Declaration of War upon Germany Germany April 6, 1917 82–6 373–50 Woodrow Wilson Treaty of Berlin (August 25, 1921)
Declaration of War upon Austria-Hungary[10][11] Austria-Hungary December 7, 1917 74–0 365–1 1921 U.S.–Austrian Peace Treaty (August 24, 1921), 1921 U.S.-Hungarian Peace Treaty (August 29, 1921)
World War II Declaration of War upon Japan Japan December 8, 1941 82–0 388–1 Franklin D. Roosevelt V-J Day, Japanese Instrument of Surrender (September 2, 1945), Treaty of San Francisco (September 8, 1951)
Declaration of War upon Germany Germany December 11, 1941 88–0 393–0 V-E Day, German Instrument of Surrender (May 8, 1945), Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany (September 12, 1990), Treaty of Vienna with Austria (May 15, 1955)
Declaration of War upon Italy Italy 90–0 399–0 Paris Peace Treaty (February 10, 1947)
Declaration of War upon Bulgaria Bulgaria June 5, 1942 73–0 357–0
Declaration of War upon Hungary[10] Hungary 360–0
Declaration of War upon Romania[10] Romania 361–0
Undeclared wars[edit]
Military engagements authorized by Congress[edit]
In other instances, the United States has engaged in extended military combat that was authorized by Congress.
War or conflict
Opponent(s)
Initial authorization
Votes
President
Result
Senate
House
Quasi-War France An Act further to protect the commerce of the United States
July 9, 1798 18–4 John Adams Treaty of Mortefontaine
First Barbary War Morocco
Tripolitania
February 6, 1802[12] Thomas Jefferson War ended 1805
Second Barbary War Algiers May 10, 1815[13] James Madison War ended 1816
Enforcing 1808 slave trade ban; naval squadron sent to African waters to apprehend illegal slave traders Slave traders and pirates "Act in addition to the acts prohibiting the Slave Trade" 1819 James Monroe 1822 first African-American settlement founded in Liberia, 1823 U.S. Navy stops anti-trafficking patrols
Redress for attack on U.S. Navy's USS Water Witch Paraguay 1858.[14] James Buchanan
Mexican Revolution
United States occupation of Veracruz
Mexico H.J.R. 251, 38 Stat. 770
April 22, 1914 337–37 Woodrow Wilson Force withdrawn after six months. However, the Joint Resolution was likely used to authorize the Pancho Villa Expedition. In the Senate, "when word reached the Senate that the invasion had gone forward before the use-of-force resolution had been approved, Republicans reacted angrily" saying it was a violation of the Constitution, but eventually after the action had already started, a resolution was passed after the action to "justify" it since Senators did not think it was a declaration of war.[15][16]
Russian Civil War
Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
Commune of Estonia
Far Eastern Republic
Latvia
Mongolian People's Party
Russia
Ukraine
1918[17] Woodrow Wilson
Lebanon crisis of 1958 Lebanese Opposition
Al-Mourabitoun
Lebanese Communist Party
Progressive Socialist Party
H.J. Res. 117, Public Law 85-7, Joint Resolution "To promote peace and stability in the Middle East", March 9, 1957[18] 72–19 355–61 Dwight D. Eisenhower U.S. forces withdrawn, October 25, 1958
Vietnam War
Laotian Civil War
Cambodian Civil War
China
National United Front of Kampuchea
Khmer Rouge
Khmer Rumdo
Khmer Việt Minh
North Korea
North Vietnam
Pathet Lao
South Vietnam
Việt Cộng
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, August 7, 1964 88–2 416–0 Lyndon B. Johnson U.S. forces withdrawn under terms of the Paris Peace Accords signed January 27, 1973
Multinational Force in Lebanon Shia and Druze militias; Syria S.J.Res. 159
Pub.L. 98–119
September 29, 1983 54–46 253–156 Ronald W. Reagan Forces withdrawn in 1984
Persian Gulf War Iraq H.J.Res. 77
January 12, 1991. 52–47 250–183 George H.W. Bush The United Nations Security Council drew up terms for the cease-fire, April 3, 1991
War in Afghanistan
Operation Enduring Freedom – Afghanistan
Operation Freedom's Sentinel
al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen
Yemeni Civil War
Somali Civil War
Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa
War in North-West Pakistan
Moro conflict
Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines
Iraqi Civil War
Operation Inherent Resolve
Syrian Civil War
Operation Inherent Resolve
Second Libyan Civil War
Afghanistan
Quetta Shura
Taliban
Haqqani network
Mullah Dadullah Front
al-Qaeda
055 Brigade
Al-Nusra Front
Khorasan group
al-Qaeda Emirate in Yemen
Aden-Abyan Islamic Army
Islamic Jihad of Yemen
al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula
Ansar al-Sharia
al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent
Lashkar al-Zil
Harakat Ahrar al-Sham al-Islamiyya
Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin
Islamic Jihad Union
Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
Jamaat-ul-Ahrar
Jundallah
Lashkar-e-Islam
Lashkar-e-Jhangvi
Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi
Turkistan Islamic Party
Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan
High Council of the Islamic Emirate
Fidai Mahaz
al-Itihaad al-Islamiya
Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia
Harakat al-Shabaab Mujahedeen
Hizbul Islam
Islamic Courts Union
Jabhatul Islamiya
Mu'askar Anole
Ras Kamboni Brigades
Abu Sayyaf
Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters
Islamic State
Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
Maute group
Khalifa Islamiyah Mindanao
S.J. Res. 23
September 14, 2001 98–0 420–1 George W. Bush
Iraq War[19] Iraq H.J. Res. 114,
March 3, 2003 77–23 296–132 George W. Bush Ba'athist Iraqi government deposed April 2003. U.S. combat operations ended August 31, 2010. War ended December 15, 2011. Destabilization of Iraq and emergence of ISIL in the region 2011–present.[20]
Military engagements authorized by United Nations Security Council Resolutions and funded by Congress[edit]
In many instances, the United States has engaged in extended military engagements that were authorized by United Nations Security Council Resolutions and funded by appropriations from Congress.
Military engagement
Opponent(s)
Initial authorization
President
Result
Korean War China
North Korea
Soviet Union
UNSCR 84, 1950 Harry S. Truman Korean Armistice Agreement,[21] 1953
Multinational Force in Lebanon Shia militias, Druze militias, Syria UNSCR 425, 1978
UNSCR 426, 1978
Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan U.S. forces withdrew in 1984
Persian Gulf War Iraq UNSCR 678, 1990 George H. W. Bush UNSCR 689, 1991
Bosnian War Republika Srpska UNSCR 770, 1992
UNSCR 776, 1992
UNSCR 836, 1993 Bill Clinton Reflagged as IFOR in 1995, Reflagged as SFOR in 1996, Completed in 2004
Second Liberian Civil War Peacekeeping UNSCR 1497, 2003 George W. Bush U.S. forces are withdrawn in 2003 after the UNMIL is established.
Haitian coup d'état UNSCR 1529, 2004
UNSCR 1542, 2004
2004
First Libyan Civil War
2011 military intervention in Libya
Operation Odyssey Dawn
Operation Unified Protector
Libya UNSCR 1973, 2011 Barack Obama Debellation of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, October 31, 2011
Other undeclared wars[edit]
Military engagement
Opponent(s)
President
Result
American Revolutionary War Great Britain
Quebec
Loyalists
German auxiliaries
Hesse-Kassel
Hesse-Hanau
Hanover
Waldeck
Brunswick
Ansbach
Anhalt-Zerbst
Native Americans[22]
Iroquois Confederacy
None Peace of Paris
On at least 125 occasions, the President has acted without prior express military authorization from Congress.[23] These include instances in which the United States fought in the Philippine–American War from 1898–1903, in Nicaragua in 1927, as well as the NATO bombing campaign of Yugoslavia in 1999, and the 2017 missile strikes on Syria.
The United States' longest war was fought between approximately 1840 and 1886 against the Apache Nation. During that entire 46-year period, there was never more than 90 days of peace.[citation needed]
The Indian Wars comprise at least 28 conflicts and engagements. These localized conflicts, with Native Americans, began with European colonists coming to North America, long before the establishment of the United States. For the purpose of this discussion, the Indian Wars are defined as conflicts with the United States of America. They begin as one front in the American Revolutionary War in 1775 and had concluded by 1918. The United States Army still maintains a campaign streamer for Pine Ridge 1890–1891 despite opposition from certain Native American groups.[24]
The American Civil War was not an international conflict under the laws of war, because the Confederate States of America was not a government that had been granted full diplomatic recognition as a sovereign nation by other sovereign states.[25][26] The CSA was recognized by the United States government as a belligerent power, a different status of recognition that authorized Confederate warships to visit non-U.S. ports. This recognition of the CSA's status as a belligerent power did not impose any duty upon the United States to recognize the sovereignty of the Confederacy, and the United States never did so.
The War Powers Resolution[edit]
Main article: War Powers Resolution
In 1973, following the withdrawal of most American troops from the Vietnam War, a debate emerged about the extent of presidential power in deploying troops without a declaration of war. A compromise in the debate was reached with the War Powers Resolution. This act clearly defined how many soldiers could be deployed by the President of the United States and for how long. It also required formal reports by the President to Congress regarding the status of such deployments, and limited the total amount of time that American forces could be deployed without a formal declaration of war.
Although the constitutionality of the act has never been tested, it is usually followed, most notably during the Grenada Conflict, the Panamanian Conflict, the Somalia Conflict, the Persian Gulf War, and the Iraq War[clarification needed]. The only exception was President Clinton's use of U.S. troops in the 78-day NATO air campaign against Yugoslavia during the Kosovo War.[citation needed] In all other cases, the President asserted the constitutional authority to commit troops without the necessity of Congressional approval, but in each case the President received Congressional authorization that satisfied the provisions of the War Powers Act.
On March 21, 2011, a number of lawmakers expressed concern that the decision of President Barack Obama to order the U.S. military to join in attacks of Libyan air defenses and government forces exceeded his constitutional authority because the decision to authorize the attack was made without Congressional permission.[27] Obama explained his rationale in a two-page letter, stating that as commander in chief, he had constitutional authority to authorize the strikes, which would be limited in scope and duration, and necessary to prevent a humanitarian disaster in Libya.
See also[edit]
United States portal
War portal
Cold War
Declaration of war by Canada
Declaration of war by the United Kingdom
Just War Theory
Police action
Timeline of United States military operations
War on Terror
War on Drugs
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Doe v. Bush, 03-1266, (March 13, 2003)". FindLaw. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
Jump up ^ Henderson, Phillip G. (2000). The presidency then and now. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-8476-9739-7.
Jump up ^ The Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787 reported by James Madison : August 17,The Avalon Project, Yale Law School, retrieved Feb 13, 2008
Jump up ^ "Petition for a Constitutional Amendment to Hold National Referendums on Declarations of War from Danville, Ohio". The National Archives of the United States. 1938. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ Shindler, Michael (1 March 2018). "War Powers: Return to Congress". RealClearDefense. RealClear Media Group. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Official Declarations of War by Congress
Jump up ^ BBC News, On This Day
Jump up ^ Whereas the Government of Germany has formally declared war against the government and the people of the United States of America... the state of war between the United States and the Government of Germany which has thus been thrust upon the United States is hereby formally declared. The War Resolution
Jump up ^ United States Congress (May 13, 1846). "An Act providing for the Prosecution of the existing War between the United States and the Republic of Mexico" (PDF). Government of the United States of America. Government of the United States of America. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 10, 2006. Retrieved August 10, 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b c Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications
Jump up ^ H.J.Res.169: Declaration of War with Austria-Hungary, WWI, United States Senate
Jump up ^ Key Events in the Presidency of Thomas Jefferson, Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia, (retrieved on August 10, 2010).
Jump up ^ Key Events in the Presidency of James Madison, Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia, (retrieved on August 10, 2010).
Jump up ^ Expenses - Paraguay Expedition, House of Representatives, 36th Congress, 1st Session, Mis. Doc. No. 86 (May 11, 1860), p. 142
Jump up ^ Cyrulik, John M., A Strategic Examination of the Punitive Expedition into Mexico, 1916-1917. Fort Leavenworth, KS, 2003. (Master's thesis)
Jump up ^ Wolfensberger, Don. Congress and Woodrow Wilson's Introductory Forays into Mexico, an Introductory Essay. Congress Project Seminar On Congress and U.S. Military Interventions Abroad. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Monday, May 17, 2004
Jump up ^ A History of Russia, 7th Edition, Nichlas V. Riasanovsky & Mark D. Steinberg, Oxford University Press, 2005.
Jump up ^ http://www.shafr.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/U.S.-Congress-Approval-of-the-Eisenhower-Doctrine-1957.pdf
Jump up ^ Obama's full speech: Operation Iraqi Freedom is Over, MSNBC
Jump up ^ Londoño, Ernesto (August 19, 2010). "Operation Iraqi Freedom ends as last combat soldiers leave Baghdad". The Washington Post.
Jump up ^ s:Korean Armistice Agreement
Jump up ^ Onondaga, Mohawk, Cayuga, Seneca, Mi'kmaq (from 1779), Cherokee, Odawa, Muscogee, Susquehannock, Shawnee
Jump up ^ The President's Constitutional Authority To Conduct Military Operations Against Terrorists and Nations Supporting Them
Jump up ^ Army Continues to Parade Wounded Knee Battle Streamer, National Congress of American Indians.
Jump up ^ "Preventing Diplomatic Recognition of the Confederacy, 1861–1865". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on August 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ McPherson, James M. (2007). This Mighty Scourge: Perspectives on the Civil War. Oxford University Press US. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-19-531366-6.
Jump up ^ Obama Attacked for No Congressional Consent on Libya, New York Times.
Further reading[edit]
Grotius, Hugo (2004). On The Law Of War And Peace. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4191-3875-1.
Edwin Meese; Matthew Spalding; David F. Forte (2005). The Heritage guide to the Constitution. Regnery Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59698-001-3.
Kenneth A. Schultz, Tying Hands and Washing Hands: The U.S. Congress and Multilateral Humanitarian Intervention, Ch. 4, pp 105–142, in Daniel Drezner, Ed. Locating the Proper Authorities: The Interaction of Domestic and International Institutions, University of Michigan Press, 2003.
External links[edit]
The House of Rep, Republican Study Committee of War and Military Authorized Conflicts. 2003.
Declarations of war and votes
Text of Declaration of War on Japan
Text of Declaration of War on Germany
Text of Declaration of War on Bulgaria
Authorization for Use of Military Force — signed September 18, 2001
House Joint Resolution Authorizing Use of Force Against Iraq — signed October 16, 2002
Instances of Use of United States Forces Abroad, 1798–1993
A partial list of U.S. military interventions from 1890 to 2006
U.S.-Africa Chronology
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List of Inner Hebrides
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The Hebrides. The Outer Hebrides lie to the west, with the Inner Hebrides (in red) closer to the mainland of Scotland in the east.
The Cuillin ridge from Portree harbour, Skye
This List of Inner Hebrides summarises a chain of islands and skerries located off the west coast of mainland Scotland. There are 36 inhabited islands in this archipelago, of which Islay, Mull and Skye are the largest and most populous.
The islands of Scotland's west coast are known collectively as the Hebrides; the Inner Hebrides are separated from the Outer Hebrides by The Minch to the north and the Sea of the Hebrides to the south. The Inner Hebrides that lie respectively north and south of Ardnamurchan are administered by two separate local authorities as part of larger territories. The northern Inner Hebrides, including Skye, the Small Isles and the Summer Isles, are part of the Highland unitary council region. The southern group, including Islay, Jura, the Slate Islands and Gigha are part of the Argyll and Bute council region.
In the past, the Hebrides as a whole were a strong Scottish Gaelic-speaking area, and in 1921 more than 50% of the populations of most of these islands, including Skye, Mull and Islay, were proficient in the language. However, although the Outer Hebrides have retained many Gaelic speakers, in the 2001 census only Skye (31%) and Tiree (48%) had more than 25% of the resident population able to speak Gaelic; Mull, Jura, Gigha and Coll each recorded figures of less than 15%.[1]
The modern economy centres on tourism, crofting, farming, fishing, and whisky distilling. The archipelago is exposed to wind and tide. There are numerous lighthouses as an aid to navigation.[2]
There are various descriptions of the scope of the Hebrides. The Collins Encyclopedia of Scotland describes the Inner Hebrides as lying "east of The Minch", which would include any and all offshore islands. There are various islands that lie in the sea lochs, such as Eilean Bàn and Eilean Donan, that might not ordinarily be described as "Hebridean", but no formal definition exists and for simplicity they are included in this list rather than elsewhere.[3][4][Note 1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Etymology
2 Inhabited islands
3 Uninhabited islands
4 Smaller islets and skerries
4.1 South Argyll Coast
4.2 Islay group
4.3 Firth of Lorn
4.4 Loch Linnhe
4.5 Mull group
4.6 Small Isles
4.7 North Argyll coast
4.8 South Highland coast
4.9 Skye group
4.10 North Highland coast
5 Small archipelagos
6 See also
7 References and footnotes
8 External links
Etymology[edit]
Various Gaelic names are used repeatedly. The suffix ay or aigh or aidh is generally from the Norse øy meaning "island". Eilean (plural: eileanan) also means "island". Beag and mòr (also bheag and mhòr) mean "little" and "big" and are often found together. Sgeir is "skerry" and often refers to a rock or rocks that lie submerged at high tide. Dubh is "black", dearg is "red" and glas means "grey" or "green". Orasaigh is from the Norse Örfirirsey meaning "tidal" or "ebb island".[5]
Inhabited islands[edit]
The Clachan Bridge, Seil, also known as the "Bridge Over the Atlantic"[6]
Eilean Donan castle
The Bullough mausoleum with the Rùm Cullin in the distance
A restored traditional house on Tiree
Bowmore, Islay with its distinctive round church
Tobermory harbour, Mull
The inhabited islands of the Inner Hebrides had a population of 18,257 in 2001,[7] and 18,948 at the time of the 2011 census.[8] The highest peaks of the islands have names deriving from both Gaelic and Old Norse, indicating the historical importance of these two cultures. The archaeological record for the period of Viking domination during the Early Historic period is, however, limited.
In the Outer Hebrides all of the inhabited islands are now connected to at least one other island by a land transport route, but only four Inner Hebridean islands are connected by road, all to the mainland. The Clachan Bridge from Argyll to Seil was designed by Thomas Telford and dates from 1792.[6] Skye has been connected to Kyle of Lochalsh by the Skye Bridge since 1995.[9] Danna is also connected to the Tayvallich peninsula in Argyll by a stone causeway; and tiny Eilean Donan, dominated by its castle, has had a connection to the mainland perhaps from as early as the 13th century. The arched bridge in use today was constructed in the early 20th century.[10]
Island
Gaelic name
Group[Note 2]
Area (ha)[11]
Population[8]
Highest point[12]
Height (m)[13]
Canna Canaigh Small Isles 7003113000000000000♠1,130 7001120000000000000♠12 Càrn a' Ghaill 7002210000000000000♠210
Coll Cola Mull 7003768500000000000♠7,685 7002195000000000000♠195 Ben Hogh 7002104000000000000♠104
Colonsay Colbhasa Islay 7003407400000000000♠4,074 7002124000000000000♠124 Carnan Eoin 7002104000000000000♠104
Danna Danna Islay 7002315000000000000♠315[14] 7000100000000000000♠1 Cruiadh Bharr 7001540000000000000♠54
Easdale Eilean Èisdeal Slate Islands 7001200000000000000♠20 7001590000000000000♠59 – 7001380000000000000♠38
Eigg Eige Small Isles 7003304900000000000♠3,049 7001830000000000000♠83 An Sgurr 7002393000000000000♠393
Eilean Bàn An t-Eilean Bàn Skye 7000240000000000000♠2.4 5000000000000000000♠0 – 7000600000000000000♠c. 6
Eilean dà Mhèinn Eilean dà Mhèinn Knapdale 7000300000000000000♠3 7000100000000000000♠1 – 7001160000000000000♠16
Eilean Donan Eilean Donnain Loch Duich 7000100000000000000♠1 5000000000000000000♠0 – 7000300000000000000♠3
Eilean Shona Eilean Seona Loch Moidart 7002525000000000000♠525[14] 7000200000000000000♠2 Beinn a' Bhàillidh 7002265000000000000♠265
Eilean Tioram Eilean Tioram Loch Moidart 7000200000000000000♠2[14] 7000600000000000000♠6 – 7001100000000000000♠10
Eriska Aoraisge !Aoraisge Loch Linnhe 7002310000000000000♠310[14] 5000000000000000000♠?[Note 3] Ceann Garbh 7001470000000000000♠47
Erraid Eilean Earraid Mull 7002187000000000000♠187 7000600000000000000♠6 Cnoc Mòr 7001750000000000000♠75
Gigha Giogha Islay 7003139500000000000♠1,395 7002163000000000000♠163 Creag Bhàn 7002100000000000000♠100
Gometra Gòmastra Mull 7002425000000000000♠425 7000200000000000000♠2 – 7002155000000000000♠155
Isle of Ewe Eilean Iùbh North Highland 7002309000000000000♠309 7000700000000000000♠7 Creag Streap 7001720000000000000♠72
Iona I Chaluim Chille !Ì Chaluim Chille Mull 7002877000000000000♠877 7002177000000000000♠177 Dùn Ì 7002101000000000000♠101
Islay Ile !Ìle Islay 7004619560000000000♠61,956 7003322800000000000♠3,228 Beinn Bheigeir 7002491000000000000♠491
Jura Diùra Islay 7004366920000000000♠36,692 7002196000000000000♠196 Beinn an Òir 7002785000000000000♠785
Kerrera Cearrara Firth of Lorn 7003121400000000000♠1,214 7001340000000000000♠34 Carn Breugach 7002189000000000000♠189
Lismore Lios Mòr Firth of Lorn 7003235100000000000♠2,351 7002192000000000000♠192 Barr Mòr 7002127000000000000♠127
Luing Luinn Slate Islands 7003143000000000000♠1,430 7002195000000000000♠195 Beinn Furachail 7001940000000000000♠94
Lunga Lunga Slate Islands 7002254000000000000♠254 5000000000000000000♠0 Bidean na h-Iolaire 7001980000000000000♠98
Muck Eilean nam Muc Small Isles 7002559000000000000♠559 7001270000000000000♠27 Beinn Airein 7002137000000000000♠137
Mull Muile Mull 7004875350000000000♠87,535 7003280000000000000♠2,800 Ben More 7002966000000000000♠966
Oronsay Orasaigh Islay 7002543000000000000♠543 7000800000000000000♠8 Beinn Orasaigh 7001930000000000000♠93
Raasay Ratharsair Skye 7003623100000000000♠6,231 7002161000000000000♠161 Dùn Caan 7002444000000000000♠444
Rona Rònaigh Skye 7002930000000000000♠930 7000300000000000000♠3 Meall Acairseidh 7002125000000000000♠125
Rùm Rùm Small Isles 7004104630000000000♠10,463 7001220000000000000♠22 Askival 7002812000000000000♠812
Sanday Sandaigh Small Isles 7002184000000000000♠184 7000900000000000000♠9 Tallabric 7001590000000000000♠59
Scalpay Sgalpaigh Skye 7003248300000000000♠2,483 7000400000000000000♠4 Mullach na Càrn 7002396000000000000♠396
Seil Saoil Slate Islands 7003132900000000000♠1,329 7002551000000000000♠551 Meall Chaise 7002146000000000000♠146
Shuna Siuna Slate Islands 7002451000000000000♠451 7000300000000000000♠3 Druim na Dubh Ghlaic 7001900000000000000♠90
Skye An t-Eilean Sgitheanach Skye 7005165625000000000♠165,625 7004100080000000000♠10,008 Sgurr Alasdair 7002993000000000000♠993
Soay Sòdhaigh Skye 7003103600000000000♠1,036 7000100000000000000♠1 Beinn Bhreac 7002141000000000000♠141
Tanera Mòr Tannara Mòr Summer Isles 7002310000000000000♠310 7000400000000000000♠4 Meall Mòr 7002124000000000000♠124
Tiree Tiriodh Mull 7003783400000000000♠7,834 7002653000000000000♠653 Ben Hynish 7002141000000000000♠141
Ulva Ulbha Mull 7003199000000000000♠1,990 7001110000000000000♠11 Beinn Chreagach 7002313000000000000♠313
Lunga in the Firth of Lorn had a population of 7, Eilean Bàn a population of 2 and Eilean Donan a single resident in 2001 but none recorded a usually resident population in 2011.[8]
Castle Stalker, Eilean Horrisdale, Eilean Loain and Inch Kenneth are "included in the NRS statistical geography for inhabited islands but had no usual residents at the time of either the 2001 or 2011 censuses".[8]
Uninhabited islands[edit]
Cara from the air
Fingal's Cave, Staffa
There are 43 uninhabited Inner Hebrides with an area greater than 30 hectares (approximately 74 acres). Records for the last date of settlement for the smaller uninhabited islands are incomplete, but most of the islands listed here would have been inhabited at some point during the Neolithic, Iron Age, Early Historic or Norse periods.
In common with the other main island chains of Scotland many of the more remote islands were abandoned during the 19th and 20th centuries, in some cases after continuous habitation since prehistoric times. These places had been perceived as relatively self-sufficient agricultural economies,[15] but both island residents and outsiders later came to consider that the more remote islands lacked the essential services of a modern industrial economy.[16]
Some of the islands continue to contribute to modern culture. Staffa came to prominence in the late 18th century after a visit by Sir Joseph Banks. He and his fellow travellers extolled the natural beauty of the basalt columns in general, and in particular of the island's main sea cavern, which Banks renamed "Fingal's Cave". Many other prominent personalities visited Staffa over the next two centuries, including Felix Mendelssohn, whose Hebrides Overture brought further fame to the island.[17] During the Second World War, Gruinard was the site of a biological warfare test by British military scientists.[18] At that time there was an investigation by the British government to test both the vulnerability of Britain to attack and the possibility of attacking Germany using anthrax.[19]
The difficulties of definition are considerable in some cases. For example, Haswell-Smith (2004) treats Lunga[Note 4] as a single island, although during high tides it becomes one inhabited island and numerous uninhabited tidal islets. Another example is the smaller island of Eilean Mòr in Loch Dunvegan, which joins with nearby Eilean Dubh and Garay Island at low tides.[Note 5]
Island
Gaelic name
Group[Note 2]
Area (ha)[20]
Last inhabited[Note 6]
Highest point[12]
Height (m)[13]
Calbha Beag Calbha Beag Eddrachillis Bay 7001310000000000000♠31 01 !Unknown – 7001410000000000000♠41
Calbha Mor Calbha Mòr Eddrachillis Bay 7001700000000000000♠70[22] 01 !Unknown – 7001670000000000000♠67
Calve Island Eilean Chailbhe Mull 7001720000000000000♠72 01 !Unknown – 7001200000000000000♠20
Cara Cara Gigha 7001660000000000000♠66 1940s !1940s – 7001560000000000000♠56
Càrna Càrna Loch Sunart 7002213000000000000♠213 1970s !1970s Cruachan Chàrna 7002169000000000000♠169
Eileach an Naoimh Eileach an Naoimh Garvellachs 7001560000000000000♠56 10th century – 7001800000000000000♠80
Eilean an Ròin Mòr Eilean an Ròin Mòr North Highland 7001330000000000000♠33 02 !Unknown – 7001630000000000000♠63
Eilean Dubh Mòr An t-Eilean Dubh Mòr Slate Islands 7001650000000000000♠65 05 !No census records – 7001530000000000000♠53
Eilean Fladday Eilean Fhladaigh Skye 7002137000000000000♠137 1970s – 7001390000000000000♠39
Eilean Horrisdale Eilean Thòireasdal North Highland 7001320000000000000♠32 19 !20th century Carn Garbh 7001380000000000000♠38
Eilean Ighe Eilean Ighe Sound of Arisaig 7001350000000000000♠35 02 !Unknown – 7001200000000000000♠20
Eilean Macaskin Eilean MhicAsgain Loch Craignish 7001500000000000000♠50 1880s !1880s – 7001650000000000000♠65
Eilean Meadhonach An t-Eilean Meadhanach Crowlin Islands 7001770000000000000♠77 02 !Unknown – 7001540000000000000♠54
Eilean Mhic Chrion Eilean MhicChrìon Loch Craignish 7001540000000000000♠54[14] 02 !Unknown – 7001630000000000000♠63
Eilean Mòr An t-Eilean Mòr Crowlin Islands 7002170000000000000♠170 19 !circa 1920 Meall a' Chòis 7002114000000000000♠114
Eilean Rìgh Eilean Rìgh Loch Craignish 7001860000000000000♠86 1939 !1939 Dùn Righ 7001550000000000000♠55
Eilean Tigh Eilean an Taighe Skye 7001580000000000000♠58 02 !Unknown Meall Mòr 7002111000000000000♠111
Eilean Trodday Eilean Throdaigh Skye 7001420000000000000♠42[13] 02 !Unknown – 7001450000000000000♠45
Eorsa Eòrsa Mull 7002122000000000000♠122 06 !No census records – 7001980000000000000♠98
Garbh Eileach Garbh Eileach Garvellachs 7002142000000000000♠142 03 !Pre-modern[Note 7] – 7002110000000000000♠110
Gruinard Eilean Ghruinneart North Highland 7002196000000000000♠196 1920 !1920s An Eilid 7002106000000000000♠106
Gunna Gunnaigh Mull 7001690000000000000♠69 04 !Pre-modern[Note 8] – 7001350000000000000♠35
Handa Eilean Shannda North Highland 7002309000000000000♠309 1848 Sithean Mòr 7002123000000000000♠123
Harlosh Island Eilean Heàrrlois Skye 7001340000000000000♠34 02 !Unknown – 7001510000000000000♠51
Horse Island Eilean nan Each Summer Isles 7001530000000000000♠53 18 !19th century Sgurr nan Uan 7001600000000000000♠60
Inch Kenneth Innis Choinnich Mull 7001550000000000000♠55 1970s – 7001490000000000000♠49
Insh An Innis Slate Islands 7001360000000000000♠36 02 !Unknown – 7001690000000000000♠69
Isay Iosaigh !Ìosaigh Skye 7001600000000000000♠60 1860 – 7001280000000000000♠28
Isle Martin Eilean Mhàrtainn Summer Isles 7002157000000000000♠157 1948[Note 9] – 7002120000000000000♠120
Isle Ristol Eilean Ruisteil Summer Isles 7002225000000000000♠225 17 !18th century? – 7001710000000000000♠71
Little Colonsay Colbhasa Beag Mull 7001880000000000000♠88 1940s – 7001610000000000000♠61
Longa Island Longa North Highland 7002126000000000000♠126 189 !late 19th century Druim am Eilean 7001700000000000000♠70
Longay Longaigh Skye 7001500000000000000♠50 16 !16th century – 7001670000000000000♠67
Lunga Lungaigh Mull 7001810000000000000♠81 1857 Cruachan 7002103000000000000♠103
Oldany Island Eilean Alltanaidh Eddrachillis Bay 7002200000000000000♠200 02 !Unknown Sidhean nan Ealachan 7002104000000000000♠104
Ornsay Eilean Iarmain Skye 7001350000000000000♠c. 35[14] 02 !Unknown – 7001460000000000000♠46
Oronsay Orasaigh Loch Sunart 7002230000000000000♠230[14] 02 !Unknown Druim Mòr 7001580000000000000♠58
Pabay Pabaigh Skye 7002122000000000000♠122 1980s !1980s – 7001280000000000000♠28
Priest Island Eilean a' Chlèirich Summer Isles 7002122000000000000♠122 07 !No census records – 7001780000000000000♠78
Scarba Sgarba Islay 7003147400000000000♠1,474 1960s Cruach Scarba 7002449000000000000♠449
Shuna Siuna Mull 7002155000000000000♠155 1960s Tom an t-Seallaidh 7001710000000000000♠71
Staffa Stafa Mull 7001330000000000000♠33 17 !18th century – 7001420000000000000♠42
Tanera Beag Tannara Beag Summer Isles 7001660000000000000♠66 08 !No census records – 7001830000000000000♠83
Texa Teacsa [Note 10] Islay 7001480000000000000♠48 181 !Early 19th century Ceann Garbh 7001480000000000000♠48
Torsa Torsa Slate Islands 7002113000000000000♠113 1960 !1960s – 7001620000000000000♠62
Wiay Fuidheigh Skye 7002148000000000000♠148 18 !19th century – 7001600000000000000♠60
Smaller islets and skerries[edit]
Skerryvore lighthouse[28]
The Old Man of Stoer, a 60 metres (200 ft) high stack of Torridonian sandstone
Smaller islands, tidal islets only separated at higher stages of the tide, and skerries which are only exposed at lower stages of the tide pepper the seas surrounding the main islands. Many of them are obscure and only a few have ever been inhabited. Nonetheless, some have a significant degree of notability. Lady's Rock, a skerry in Loch Linnhe, was the site of the attempted murder of Lady Catherine Campbell by her husband Lachlan Maclean of Duart in 1527. He rowed out to the rock one night at low tide and left his wife stranded on the rock to die.[29][30] Nearby Castle Stalker was in the possession of Clan Stewart of Appin at this time, but its more recent claim to fame is as a location in the film Monty Python and the Holy Grail.
Remote Dubh Artach and Skerryvore are the sites of two unmanned lighthouses; the latter reaches 48 metres (157 ft) in height and is the tallest in the United Kingdom.[31] Belnahua supported a population of slate workers in its substantial and now flooded central quarry during the 19th century.[32] Nearby Eilean-a-beithich once stood in the Easdale Sound between Easdale and Seil. However, it was quarried to a depth of 76 metres (249 ft) below sea level leaving only the outer rim of the island. This was eventually swept away by the sea and little visible sign of the island now remains.[33]
In addition to being a hazard to navigation, the Torran Rocks south of Erraid are one of the locations featured in the novel Kidnapped by Robert Louis Stevenson. It was here that Alan Breck Stewart and David Balfour were ship-wrecked.[34]
The smaller Inner Hebridean islands, grouped by location (from south to north), in the vicinity of:
South Argyll Coast[edit]
Eilean Mor in the MacCormaig Isles, looking towards Jura
Crinan locks with tiny Black Rock beyond
Kintyre: Mull, Scart Isle, The Merchants
Gigha: Còrr Eilean, Craro, Eilean á Chuill, Eilean Leim, Eilean Liath, Eilean na h-Aird, Eilean na h-Uilinn, Gamhna Giogha, Gigalum
Cara: Coire Cara, Sgeir à Bhuntata, Sgeir Buideil
West Loch Tarbert: Eilean Ceann na Creige, Eilean da Ghallagain, Eilean Eòghainn, Eilean nan Craobh, Eilean Traighe
Loch Stornoway: Carriag Mhaidean, Eilean Clach nan Uamhannan, Sgeir Choigreach
Loch Caolisport: Eilean Fada, Eilean na h-Uamhaidh, Eilean nam Muc, Eilean Naomhachd, Glas Eilean, Liath Eilein
MacCormaig Isles: Corr Eilean, Eilean Ghamna, Eilean Mòr, Eilean nan Leac, Eilean Puirt Leithe
Loch Sween: Cala, Eilean Loain, Eilean Mhartan, Eilean na Circe, Taynish Island, Ulva Islands
Danna: Eilean à Chapuill, Eilean nan Uan, Liath Eilean
Fairy Islands: Eilean a' Bhrein
West Taynish: Carsaig Island, Eilean Dubh, Eilean Fraoich, Eilean nan Coinean, Eilean Traighe, Leth Sgeir, Ruadh Sgeir
Loch Crinan: An-unalin, Black Rock, Eilean Glas, Eilean nan Coinean
Loch Craignish: Eilean na Cille, Eilean na-h Eairne, Garbh Rèisa, Sgeir na Maoile
Eilean Macaskin: Liath-sgeir Bheag, Liath-sgeir Mhòr
Eilean Mhic Chrion: Eilean Buidhe, Eilean Dubh, Eilean Inshaig, Eilean na Nighinn, Eilean Traighte
Eilean Rìgh: Eilean nan Gabhar,
West Craignish: Coiresa, Creagach Chrosgach, Culbhaic, Eilean Ona, Reisa an t-Sruith, Reisa Mhic Phaidean
Craobh Haven: Eich Donna, Eilean an Duin, Eilean Arsa, Eilean Buidhe, Eilean Creagach, Fraoch Eilean, Liath Sgeir
Loch Melfort: Eilean Coltair, Eilean Gamhna, Scoul Eilean
Islay group[edit]
The lighthouse at Carraig Fhada, Islay, looking towards Caolas Eilean nan Caorach, Sgeir Fhada and Sgeir Phlocach with Port Ellen at left
Looking north from Na h-Urrachann towards Rubha nam Faoilean, Scarba, with Guirasdeal, Lunga and Eilean Dubh Mòr in the Slate Islands beyond
Islay:
Mull of Oa and Laggan Bay: Eileanan Mòra, Sgeirean Buidhe Ghil
Loch Indaal: Carraig Dhubh
Rinns of Islay: Am Ballan, Eilean Liath, Eilean Mhic Coinnich, Frenchman's Rocks, Orsay, Sgeiran Dubha
North west coast: Boghachan Mòra, Eilean an Tannais-sgeir, Eilean Beag, Eilean Mòr, Nave Island, Post Rocks
East coast: Eilean Liath
Kildalton: Ceann nan Sgieran, Eilean á Chùirn, Eilean an Droighinn, Eilean Bhride, Eilean Craobhach, Eilean Mhic Mhaolmhoire, Outram, Sgeir nam Ban
Ardbeg: Carmichael's Rocks, Cleit Buidhe, Corr Sgeir, Eilean an t-Sluic, Eilean Imersay, Iseanach Beag, Iseanach Mòr
Carraig Fhada: Am Plodan, An Gànradh, Eilean nan Caorach, Sgeir Fhada, Sgeir Phlocach
Colonsay: Eilean à Chladaich, Eilean Dubh, Eilean na Brathan, Eilean Leathann, Eilean Mhártain, Eilean na Bilearach, Eilean nam Ban, Eilean nam Feannaig, Eilean Olmsa, Glas Eilean
Jura:
East coast: Eilean à Bhorra, Eilean an Rubha, Eilean Buidhe Mòr, Eilean na h-Aorinn, Eilean Traigh an Airgid, Liath Eilean, Na Cuiltean
Small Isles: Eilean Bhride, Eilean Diomhain, Eilean nan Coinnean, Eilean nan Gabhar, Pladda
Sound of Islay: Am Fraoch Eilean, Brosdale Island, Glas Eilean
Loch Tarbert: Eilean an Easbuig, Eilean Ard, Eilean Dubh à Cumhainn Bhig, Eilean Dubh à Cumhainn Mhoir, Eileanan Gleann Righ, Eilean Iosal
West coast: Eilean Beag, Eilean Mòr, Shian Island
Oronsay: Dubh Eilean, Eileanan à Chuir, Eilean Ghaoideamal, Eilean Mhic Iain Ruaidh, Eilean Mhugaig, Eilean nam Uan, Eilean nan Ron
Scarba: Eilean à Bhealach, Eilean Ard, Sgeiran à Mhaoil, Sgeir nan Gobhar
Texa: Sgeiran an Lòin, Tarr Sgeir
Firth of Lorn[edit]
Fladda lighthouse
Slate Islands:
Easdale: None
Eilean Dubh Mòr: Eilean Dubh Beag, Liath Sgeir, Sgeir à Gheòidh, Sgeir nan Taod
Insh: Dubh-sgeir, Eilean Bàn-leac
Luing: Diar Sgeir, Dubh-fheith, Dubh Sgeir, Eilean Loisgte, Fraoch Eilean (2), Funaich Mhòr, Glas Eilean, Rubh Aird Luing, Sgeir Bhuidhe
Lunga: An Tudan, Belnahua, Eilean Ioasal, Eilean nan Ceann, Fiola an Droma, Fiola Meadhonach, Fladda, Guirasdeal, Liath Sgeir, Ormsa, Rubha Fiola, Sgeir Mhic an Altair, Sgeir Poll nan Corran
Torsa: Eilean Fraoch, Glas Eilean, Torsa Beag
Seil: Eilean à Chomraidh, Eilean Buidhe, Eilean Dùin, Eilean nam Beathach, Eilean nam Freumha, Eilean Tornal, Henderson's Rock,
Shuna: None
Garvellachs:
Eileach an Naoimh: Sgeiran Dubha, Sgeir Leth à Chuain
Garbh Eileach: À Chùli, Dùn Channuill
Loch Linnhe[edit]
Castle Stalker
Loch Feochan: Eilean an Ruisg
Kerrera: Bach Island, Eilean nan Gamhna, Eilean nan Uan, Eilean Orasaig, Heather Island,[Note 11] Maiden Island, Rubh'a Cruidh, Sgeir à Gheòidh
Loch Etive: Abbot's Isle, Eilean Beag, Eilean Mòr, Eilean nam Meann, Eilean Traighe, Kilmaronag Islands
Eriska: Glas Eilean, Sgeir Caillich,
Lismore: Bernera Island, Branra, Creag Island, Eilean Dubh (2), Eilean Loch Oscair, Eilean Musdile, Eilean na Cloich, Eilean nam Bàn, Eilean nam Meann, Eilean nan Caorach, Eilean nan Chaorainn, Eilean nan Gamhna, Eilean Ramsay, Inn Island, Lady's Rock, Pladda Island,
Shuna: Eilean Balnagowan, Castle Stalker
Loch Leven: Eilean à Chòmraidh, Eilean Coinneach, Eilean Munde, Eilean nam Ban
Loch Eil: Eilean à Bhealaidh, Eilean na Creich, Eilean nan Craobh, Rubha Dearg
Mull group[edit]
Dhu Heartach Lighthouse, During Construction by Sam Bough (1822–1878)
Bac Mòr, also known as "The Dutchman's Cap", as seen from Lunga
Coll: A' Chairidhe, Airne na Sgeire, An Glas-eilean, Eag na Maoile, Eilean an Eith, Eilean an t-Sean Chaisteil, Eilean Ascaoineach, Eilean Bhoramuil, Eilean Bhuigistile, Eilean Dubh, Eilean Eatharna, Eilean Halum, Eilean Iomallach, Eilean Mòr, Eilean na Bà, Eilean nam Muc, Eilean Odhar, Eilean Ornsay, Eilean Tomaluam, Soa, Sùil Ghorm
Eorsa: None
Gometra: Eilean Dioghlum, Màisgier
Gunna: Eilean nam Maidean, Eilean nan Gamhna
Iona: Corr Eilean, Eilean Annraidh, Eilean Chalbha Eilean Didil, Eilean Musimul, Eilean na h-Aon Chaorach, Reidh Eilean, Soa Island, Stac an Aoineidh, Stac Mhic Muhurchaidh
Inch Kenneth: Samalan Island
Little Colonsay: None
Mull:
Calve Island: Cnap à Chailbe, Eilean na Beithe
Sound of Mull: Am Brican, Dearg Sgeir, Eileanan Bàna, Eileanan Glasa, Eilean Bàn
Loch Don: Eilean Bàn, Eilean a' Mhadaidh, Eileanan nan Caorach
Loch Spelve: Eilean Amalaig
Loch Buie: Eilean Mòr, Eilean Uamh Ghuaidhre, Frank Lockwood's Island[Note 12]
Ross of Mull south: Eilean à Chròtha, Eilean Imheir, Eilean Liath, Eilean Mòr, Eilean Nam Boc, Eilean nan Caorann, Gamhnach Mhòr, Garbh Eilean, Na Minn, Na Maoil Mhòra
Erraid: Am Baister, Eilean a' Chalmain, Eilean Dubh (2), Eilean Ghomain, Eilean nam Muc, Eilean na Seamair, Livingston's Rocks, Rankin's Rocks, Sgeir à Chobhain, Sgeir na Caillich
Torran Rocks: Dearg Sgeir, MacPhail's Anvil, Na Torrain, Torran Sgoilte, Torr an t-Saothaid
Sound of Iona: Eilean à Ghearrain, Eilean Dubh, Eilean Dubh na Ciste, Eilean Gainmheinich, Eilean nam Ban, Liath Eilean
Loch na Làthaich: Eilean an Fheòir, Eilean Bàn, Na Liathanaich
Loch Scridain: Eilean nan Caorach, Sgeir Leathan
Ardmeanach: Eilean Dubh Cruinn, Erisgeir
Loch na Keal: Eilean Casach, Eilean Feòir,
Mishnish: Cuan Mòr, Eilean an Tairt, Eilean nan Gabhar
Staffa: Am Buchaille
Tiree: Ceann Mòr, Chreachasdal Mòr, Eilean Ghreasamuill (2), Eilean Ghreusgain, Eilean nan Siolag, Eilean Shomhairle, Fadamull, Rubha Liath, Sgeir Mhòr, Soa
Lunga: Bac Beag, Bac Mòr, Cairn na Burgh Beag, Cairn na Burgh Mòr, Fladda, Sgeir an Eirionnaich, Sgeir a' Chaisteil
Ulva: Eilean à Bhuic, Eilean à Chaolais, Eilean an Dusain, Eilean an Righ, Eilean na Creiche, Eilean na h-Uamha, Eilean Reilean, Garbh Eilean, Geasgill Beag, Geasgill Mòr, Sgeir Feòir, Trealbhan
Outliers: Dubh Artach, Skerryvore
Small Isles[edit]
The north end of Eilean Chathastail from Eigg
Canna: Alman, An Stéidh, Eilean à Bhaird, Haslam
Eigg: Eilean Chathastail, Eilean Thuilm
Muck: Eagamol, Eilean nan Each
Rùm: None
Sanday: Dùn Mòr
Outliers: Garbh Sgeir, Humla, Hyskeir
North Argyll coast[edit]
From Ininmore Bay in Morvern to the River Sheil.[Note 13]
Sound of Mull: Eilean na Beitheiche, Eilean Rubha an Ridire, Glas Eileanan, Sgeir Chorrach
Loch Sunart: Dun Ghallain, Eilean an t-Sionnaich, Eilean à Chuilinn, Eilean à Mhuirich, Eilean Mòr, Eilean mo Shlinneag, Garbh Eilean, Glas Eilean
Càrna: Eilean an Fheidh, Eilean nan Eildean, Eilean nan Gabhar, Eilean nan Gad, Risga
Oronsay: Eilean Mòr, Sligneach Mòr
Ardnamurchan:
South coast: Eilean nan Seachd Seisrichean, Glas Eilean
North coast: Eilean Carrach, Eilean Chaluim Cille, Eilean Dubh, Eilean na h-Acairseid, Sanna Island, Sgeir à Chàm Eilein, Sgeir an Eididh, Sgeir an Rathaid, Sgeir nam Meann
Kentra Bay: Eilean an Eididh Eilean Dhònuill, Eilean Dubh, Eilean Loisgte, Eilean nan Gad
South Highland coast[edit]
Eilean Tioram and its ruined castle
Eilean Shona: An Glas-eilean, Eilean à Choire, Eilean an Feheidh, Eilean an t-Sabhail, Eilean Coille, Eilean Dubh, Eilean Mhic Neill, Eilean Raonuill, Eilean Tioram, Eilean Uaine, Riska
Sound of Arisaig:
Loch Ailort: Eilean à Bhuic, Eilean à Chaolais, Eilean Buidhe, Eilean Dubh, Eilean Dubh an Aonaich, Eilean na Gualinn, Eilean nam Bairneach, Eilean nan Gabhar, Eilean nan Trom, Samalaman Island, Sgeir Glas
Loch nan Uamh: Am Fraoch-eilean, An Garbh-eilean, An Glas-eilean, Còrr Eilean, Eilean à Ghaill, Eilean Aird nam Bùth, Eilean an t-Snidhe, Eilean Ceann Fèidh, Eilean Gobhlach, Eilean nan Cabar, Eilean Port nam Murrach
Eilean Ighe: Am Fraoch-eilean, Eilean Ban, Luinga Beag, Luinga Mhòr
North Arisaig coast: An Glas-eilean, Bogh' Oitir, Rubha dà Chuain, Sgeirean na Corra-gribhich
Morar Bay: Eilean Ruadh, Eilean Toigal
Mallaig: Eilean na h-Acairseid
Loch Nevis: An Corr-eilean, Eilean Giubhais, Eilean Maol, Eilean na Glaschoille,
West Knoydart coast: Airor Island, Eilean an t-Sionnach, Eilean Dearg, Eilean na Gàmhna, Eilean Shamadalain, Glas Eilean, Sgeir Glas
Loch Hourn: Corr Eileanan, Eilean à Chuilinn, Eilean à Gharb-Iain, Eilean à Mhuineil, Eilean à Phiobaire, Eilean Chamas nan Doth, Eilean Chlamial, Eilean Choinnich, Eilean Mhartain, Eilean Mhogh-sgeir, Eilean Ràrsaidh, Eilean Tioram, Fraoch Eilean, Glas Eilean
Sandaig Islands: An Gurraban, Eilean Carach, Eilean Mòr Fraoich Eilean
Skye group[edit]
Macleod's Maidens off the coast of Duirinish
Crowlin Islands:
Eilean Mòr: None
Eilean Meadhonach: Eilean Beag,
Eilean Bàn: None
Eilean Trodday: None
Isay: Clett, Mingay
Longay: None
Pabay: None
Raasay: Eilean Aird nan Gobhar, Eilean an Inbhire, Holoman Island, Manish Island
Eilean Fladday: Fraoch Eilean, Glas Eilean, Griana-sgeir
Eilean Tigh: Eilean an Fhraoich
Rona: Cow Rock, Eilean Garbh, Eilean Seamraig, Garbh Eilean, Sgeirean Buidhe Borlum, Sgeir Shuas
Scalpay: Eilean Leac na Gainimh, Guillamon Island, Sgeir Dhearg
Skye:
Sleat: Eilean Dubh, Eilean Ruairidh, Eilean Sgorach
Ornsay: Eilean an Eòin, Eilean Sionnach
Loch Eishort north coast: Eilean Gaineamhach Boreraig, Eilean Heast
Strathaird: Eilean na h-Àirde
Minginish: An Dubh-sgeir, Eilean Glas, Eilean Reamhar, Stac à Mheadais
Loch Bracadale: Oronsay, Sula Skerry, Tarner Island
Harlosh Island: None
Duirinish: An Dubh Sgeir, An Stac, Macleod's Maidens
Loch Dunvegan: Carraig Shleamhuinn, Eilean Dubh, Eilean Dubh Beag, Eilean Glas, Eilean Grianal, Eilean Mòr, Eilean na h-Eigheach, Eilean Traigh, Garay Island, Garbh Eilean, Lampay
Waternish: Caisteal an Fhithich
Loch Snizort: Eilean Beag, Eilean Mòr
Ascrib Islands: Eilean Creagach, Eilean Garave, Eilean Iosal, Sgeir à Chapuill, Sgeir à Chuin, South Ascrib
Trotternish: An t-Iasgair, Eilean Chaluim-chille, Eilean Flodigarry, Holm Island, Sgeir na Eireann, Staffin Island, Tulm Island,
Fladda-chùain group: Fladaigh Chuain, Gaeilavore Island, Gearran, Lord MacDonald's Table (Am Bord), The Cleats, Thon Eilean
Broadford Bay: Eilean na Ruadhaich, Glas Eilean, Sgeir Dubh
Loch Alsh: Sgeir na Caillich
Soay: Na Gamhnaichean
Wiay: None
North Highland coast[edit]
The Summer Isles from Ben Mòr Coigach
Am Buachaille – "the shepherd"
Wester Ross:
Loch Alsh: Glas Eilean
Loch Long: À Ghlas-sgeir, Sheep Island
Eilean Donan: Eilean Tioram
Loch Duich: Am Fraoch-eilean
Kyle of Lochalsh: Black Islands, Eilean à Mhal, Eileanan Dubha, Eilean na Crèadha, Eilean nan Gobhar Beag, Eilean nan Gobhar Mòr
Loch Carron: An Garbh-Eilean, Eilean an-t-Sratha, Eilean Glasiach, Eilean na Beinne, Eilean na Creige Duibhe, Eilean nan Fraoich, Eilean nan Stac, Kishorn Island, Sgeir Bhuidhe, Sgeir Fhada, Strome Islands,
Plockton: À Ghlas-leac, An Garbh-Eilean, Eilean à Bhata, Eilean à Chait, Eilean an Duine, Eilean Dubh, Eilean Dubh Dhurinis, Eilean Lagach, Eilean na Bà Beag, Eilean na Bà Mòr, Eilean nam Fiadh, Eilean na Sgeir-Feor, Eilean nan Gamhainn, Eilean Stacan, Eilean Sgreabach, Sgeir Bhuidhe
Inner Sound: An Ruadh-Eilean, Eilean Chuaig, Eilean na Bà, Eilean nan Naomh,
Loch Torridon: Eilean à Chaoil, Eilean an Inbhire Bhàin, Eilean Dùghaill, Eilean Mòr, Eilean Tioram, Sgeir Ghlas, Sgeir na Trian, Shieldaig Island
Eilean Horrisdale: Eilean Tioram, Sgeir Glas
Gairloch: Eilean an t-Sabhail, Eilean Shieldaig, Fraoch-eilean, Glas Eilean, Na Dùnain
Longa Island: None
Rubha Rèidh: An Sean Sgeir, Stac Buidhe, Stac Dubh
Isle of Ewe: Boor Rocks, Eilean Furadh Beag, Eilean Furadh Mòr, Sgeir an Araig, Sgeir Maol Mhoraidh, Sgeir Maol Mhoraidh Shuas, Stac Ruadh
Gruinard: Fraoch, Eilean Beag, Fraoch Eilean Mòr
Summer Isles:
Horse Island: Càrn nan Sgeir, Meall nan Caorach, Meall nan Gabhar
Isle Martin: None
Isle Ristol: Bò Bhùiridh, Eilean Glas, Eilean Mullagrach
Priest Island: Bottle Island, Carn Deas, Carn Iar, Eilean Dubh, Glas-leac Beag, Sgeirean Glasa, Sgeir nam Mult
Tanera Beag: Eilean à Chàr, Eilean Choinaid, Eilean Fada Beag, Eilean Fada Mòr, Glas-leac Mòr, Sgeir an Aon Iomairt, Sgeir Loisgte, Sgeir nam Feusgan, Sgeir Ribhinn, Stac Mhic Aonghais
Tanera Mor: Eilean à Bhuic, Eilean Beag, Eilean Mòr, Eilean na Saille
Enard Bay: À Chleit, Eilean Mòineseach, Eilean Mòr, Fraochlan, Green Island, Rubha à Bhrocaire, Sgeir Bhuidhe, Sgeir Ghlas Bheag, Sgeir Ghlas Mhòr, Sgeir nam Boc
Sutherland:
The islets east of Oldany with Mòr Eilean in the foreground
The Kylesku bridge crossing the Loch a' Chàirn Bhàin narrows with Garbh Eilean in the foreground.
Loch Inver: Glas Leac, Soyea Island
Stoer: Old Man of Stoer
Oldany: Bogh' an Tairbh, Eilean Chrona, Eilean na Ligheach, Eilean nam Boc, Eilean nan Gobhar, Eilean nan Uan, Mòr Eilean, Sgeir nan Gall
Eddrachillis Bay: An Calbh, Eilean à Bhuic, Eilean Rairidh, Meall Beag, Meall Mòr, Sgeir à Chlaidheimh
Badcall Bay: Dubh Sgeir, Eilean à Bhreitheimh, Eilean Garbh, Eilean na Bearachd, Eilean na Rainich, Eilean Riabhach, Glas Leac, Meall Earca, Ox Rock
Loch a' Chàirn Bhàin: Eilean à Ghamhna, Eilean na Furaradh, Eilean na Rainich, Garbh Eilean
Loch Glencoul: Creag Bàgh an Liath Bhaid, Eilean à Chon' à Chreige, Eilean à Chumhainn, Eilean an Tighe, Eilean an Tuim, Eilean Àrd, Eilean na Moine
Loch Dhrombaig: Cul Eilean, Eilean an Achaidh, Sgeir Liath,
Handa: Eilean an Aigeich, Glas Leac, Sgeirean Glasa
Loch Laxford: Dubh Sgeirean, Eilean à Chadh-fi, Eilean à Mhadaidh, Eileanan Dubha, Eilean an Eireannaich, Eilean an t-Sithein, Eilean Àrd, Eilean Dubh an Teoir, Eilean Dubh na Fionndalach Bige, Eilean Dubh nam Boc, Eilean Meall à Chaorainn, Eilean na Carraig, Eilean na Saille, Eilean Port à Choit, Glas Leac, Rubh' à Cheathraimh Ghairbh, Sgeirean Cruaidhe, Sgeir Eorna, Sgeir Fhanda, Sgeir Iosal, Sgeir Ruadh
Kinlochbervie: Eilean à Chonnaidh, Eilean Dubh, Glas Leac, Na Clusnadh
Eilean an Ròin Mòr: Dubh Sgeir, Eilean an Ròin Beag, Eilean na h-Aiteg, Na Stacan, Seana Sgeir
Sandwood Bay and Cape Wrath: Am Balg, Am Bodach, Am Buchaille, Goedha Ruadh na Fola
Small archipelagos[edit]
The Treshnish Isles as seen from Port Haunn on Mull. Nearest are Cairn na Burgh Beag and Cairn na Burgh Mòr. Behind are the low flat island of Fladda and the tallest island, Lunga, which obscures Bac Mòr and Bac Beag beyond.
There are various small island groups within the Inner Hebrides that are included above. The largest of these mini-archipelagos are:
The Ascrib Islands in Loch Snizort off the northwest coast of Skye.
The Crowlin Islands in the Inner Sound between Skye and Applecross.
The Garvellachs north of Scarba in the Firth of Lorne.
The MacCormaig Isles off Kintyre south of Danna.
The Sandaig Islands south of Glenelg in the Sound of Sleat.
The Slate Islands north of Jura and southwest of Oban.
The Small Isles south of Skye and west of Mallaig.
The Summer Isles in Loch Broom northwest of Ullapool.
The Treshnish Isles west of Mull and north of Iona.
There is another group of islets off Craighouse on the east coast of Jura called the Small Isles.[37]
See also[edit]
Rathlin Island
List of Outer Hebrides
List of islands of Scotland
List of islands of the British Isles
References and footnotes[edit]
General references
Baird, Bob (1995) Shipwrecks of the West of Scotland. Glasgow. Nekton Books. ISBN 1-897995-02-4
Haswell-Smith, Hamish (2004). The Scottish Islands. Edinburgh: Canongate. ISBN 978-1-84195-454-7.
Hunter, James (2000) Last of the Free: A History of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland. Edinburgh. Mainstream. ISBN 1-84018-376-4
Keay, J. & Keay, J. (1994) Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland. London. HarperCollins.
Mac an Tàilleir, Iain (2003) Ainmean-àite/Placenames. (pdf) Pàrlamaid na h-Alba. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
Maclean, Charles (1977) Island on the Edge of the World: the Story of St. Kilda. Edinburgh. Canongate. ISBN 0-903937-41-7
Ordnance Survey. Get-a-map (Map). 1:25,000. Leisure. Retrieved 21 August 2013. [dead link]
Murray, W.H. (1973) The Islands of Western Scotland. London. Eyre Methuen. ISBN 0-413-30380-2
Notes
Jump up ^ The definition of an island used in this list is that it is "land that is surrounded by seawater on a daily basis, but not necessarily at all stages of the tide, excluding human devices such as bridges and causeways". Other definitions are used in the Scottish context. For example the General Register Office for Scotland define an island as "a mass of land surrounded by water, separate from the Scottish mainland" but although they include islands linked by bridges etc. this is not clear from this definition. Haswell-Smith (2004) uses "an Island is a piece of land or group of pieces of land which is entirely surrounded by water at Lowest Astronomical Tide and to which there is no permanent means of dry access". This is widely agreed to be unhelpful as it intentionally excludes bridged islands.
^ Jump up to: a b Geographically, the inhabited islands can easily be separated into those that are or surround Islay, Gigha, Mull, and Skye or are in the Small Isles, Slate Islands, Firth of Lorn, Crowlin Islands, Summer Isles, one of the major sea lochs or the North Highland group.
Jump up ^ Although obviously inhabited (there is a hotel on the island) the General Registers Office did not provide a population total for this tidal island in either the 2001 or 2011 censuses.
Jump up ^ Lunga is at grid reference NM707088.
Jump up ^ Eilean Mòr is at grid reference NG224489.
Jump up ^ Indicates the last known date of permanent, year round settlement[21]
Jump up ^ There are no historical records of inhabitation although there are the ruins of an "ancient fort".[23]
Jump up ^ There are the ruins of a "small cell", perhaps once used by an anchorite.[24]
Jump up ^ The Census indicates a population of 3 in 1931 and nil in 1961. A mill was operated on the island until 1948 and abandonment is assumed when it closed and the associated buildings and wharves were dismantled.[25][26]
Jump up ^ The Gaelic etymology is disputed. It may have been called Oideach by Adomnan and was referred to as "Ilantasson" (i.e. "island Tasson") in 1624.[27]
Jump up ^ This island is in the Sound of Kerrera at grid reference NM841293 but is not named by the Ordnance Survey. The name is confirmed by Oban Sailing Club.[35]
Jump up ^ This island is named after Frank Lockwood, the brother-in-law of the 21st MacLean of Lochbuie, who was Solicitor General from 1894 to 1895.[36]
Jump up ^ This refers to the historic county of Argyll rather than the modern council area of Argyll and Bute. Since 1996 this section has been in the Highland council area.
Citations
Jump up ^ Mac an Tàilleir, Iain 1901–2001 Gaelic in the Census, PowerPoint Presentation made available via Linguae Celticae. Retrieved 1 June 2008.
Jump up ^ "Lighthouse Library" Northern Lighthouse Board. Retrieved 14 July 2007. Archived September 18, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Keay & Keay (1994) p. 507
Jump up ^ Encyclopædia Britannica (1978) states: "Hebrides – group of islands of the west coast of Scotland extending in an arc between 55.35 and 58.30 N and 5.26 and 8.40 W." This includes Gigha, St Kilda and everything up to Cape Wrath – although not North Rona.
Jump up ^ Mac an Tàilleir (2003) various pages.
^ Jump up to: a b "Seil" Undiscovered Scotland. Retrieved 8 November 2009.
Jump up ^ General Register Office for Scotland (28 November 2003) Scotland's Census 2001 – Occasional Paper No 10: Statistics for Inhabited Islands. Retrieved 26 February 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d National Records of Scotland (15 August 2013) (pdf) Statistical Bulletin: 2011 Census: First Results on Population and Household Estimates for Scotland - Release 1C (Part Two). "Appendix 2: Population and households on Scotland’s inhabited islands". Retrieved 17 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Skye Bridge". Undiscovered Scotland. Retrieved 4 November 2009.
Jump up ^ "History" eileandonancastle.com. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
Jump up ^ Haswell-Smith (2004) pp. 30, 79, 130, 148 and 182 except estimates from Ordnance Survey maps as indicated.
^ Jump up to: a b Haswell-Smith (2004) and Ordnance Survey maps. Blanks indicate that no name is recorded for this eminence.
^ Jump up to: a b c Ordnance Survey maps mark the height above sea level of a high point on most islands, but in a small number of cases, this may not be the highest point.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Estimate from Ordnance Survey maps. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "OSE" defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
Jump up ^ See for example Hunter (2000) pp. 152–158
Jump up ^ See for example Maclean (1977) Chapter 10: "Arcady Despoiled" pp. 125–35
Jump up ^ Keay & Keay (1994) p. 894
Jump up ^ "Britain's 'Anthrax Island' " BBC News. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
Jump up ^ "Living with anthrax island" BBC News. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
Jump up ^ Haswell-Smith (2004) and Ordnance Survey maps for islands <40 ha (100 acres) unless otherwise stated.
Jump up ^ Haswell-Smith (2004) unless otherwise stated.
Jump up ^ Rick Livingstone’s Tables of the Islands of Scotland (pdf) Argyll Yacht Charters. Retrieved 12 Dec 2011.
Jump up ^ Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 75
Jump up ^ Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 116
Jump up ^ Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 189
Jump up ^ Osborne, Roy. "The Isle Martin Trust". Caledonia Centre for Social Development. Retrieved 28 December 2009.
Jump up ^ Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 31
Jump up ^ Photo by permission of West Lothian Sub Aqua Club: Scotland 5 – 7 May, 2000 – MV Jane R: Skerryvore Archived 2008-05-16 at the Wayback Machine..
Jump up ^ "The Lady's Rock – Lismore in Alba". Clan MacLea. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
Jump up ^ Murray (1973) p. 158
Jump up ^ "Historical Information" Northern Lighthouse Board. Retrieved 17 January 2008.
Jump up ^ Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 67
Jump up ^ "Slate Islands – The Islands that Roofed the World" southernhebrides.com. Retrieved 14 November 2009.
Jump up ^ Stevenson, R.L. (1988 – first published 1883). Kidnapped. Edinburgh. Canongate.
Jump up ^ "The Location of Sailing Marks Within the Sound of Kerrera" (pdf) Oban Sailing Club. Retrieved 18 November 2009. Archived July 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Baird (1995) p. 142
Jump up ^ "Welcome to Jura" (PDF). Jura Development Trust. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Inner Hebrides.
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text:
Be OK (Ingrid Michaelson song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Be OK"
Single by Ingrid Michaelson
from the album Be OK
Released
August 19, 2008
Format
Digital download
Recorded
2008
Genre
Indie pop
Length
2:27
Label
Cabin 24 Records
Songwriter(s)
Ingrid Michaelson
Producer(s)
Stacy Jones & Bill Lefler
Ingrid Michaelson singles chronology
"The Way I Am"
(2007) "Be OK"
(2008) "Winter Song"
(2008)
"The Way I Am"
(2007) "Be OK"
(2008) "Winter Song"
(2008)
"Be OK" is the first single from Ingrid Michaelson's third studio album, Be OK.
The song was used in the films The House Bunny and The Decoy Bride,[1] in Season 1, episode 7 of 90210, in Season 2, episode 15 of Parenthood, in Season 4, episode 1 of Ugly Betty, and in advertisements for Better With You.
It was also used in commercials for Mott's Apple Juice, Ritz Crackers, Travelers Insurance and Australian insurance company Allianz.[citation needed]
Music video[edit]
Two versions of the music video debuted through the Stand Up to Cancer Foundation. One version debuted through BORDERS,[2] while the other debuted on the Stand Up to Cancer website and featured the acoustic version.[3]
Charts[edit]
Chart (2008–10)
Peak
position
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[4]
45
Germany (Official German Charts)[5]
64
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[6]
174
UK Indie (Official Charts Company)[7]
18
US Billboard Hot 100[8]
91
US Adult Alternative Songs (Billboard)[9]
17
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1657299/soundtrack
Jump up ^ "Borders: Exclusive Ingrid Michaelson "Be OK" Video". Bordersmedia.com. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-08-18.
Jump up ^ "Stand Up To Cancer". Standup2cancer.org. Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-08-18.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Ingrid Michaelson – Be OK" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Ingrid Michaelson – Be OK". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ http://zobbel.de/cluk/100717cluk.txt
Jump up ^ "Official Independent Singles Chart Top 50". Official Charts Company. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ingrid Michaelson – Chart history" Billboard Hot 100 for Ingrid Michaelson. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Ingrid Michaelson – Chart history" Billboard Adult Alternative Songs for Ingrid Michaelson. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
[hide]
v
t
e
Ingrid Michaelson
Albums
Slow the Rain
Girls and Boys
Be OK
Everybody
Human Again
Lights Out
It Doesn't Have to Make Sense
Singles
"The Way I Am"
"Be OK"
"Maybe"
"Girls Chase Boys"
Collaborators
Joshua Radin
William Fitzsimmons
Sara Bareilles
Marshall Altman
Greg Laswell
Allie Moss

This 2000s pop single-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
v
t
e
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Be_OK_(Ingrid_Michaelson_song)&oldid=738940009"
Categories:
2008 singles
Songs written by Ingrid Michaelson
Ingrid Michaelson songs
2008 songs
2000s pop single stubs
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