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American Society of Civil Engineers
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American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Motto
Civil engineers are global leaders building a better quality of life.
Formation
November 5, 1852 (1852-11-05)
Type
Engineering Society
Headquarters
Reston, Virginia
Membership
150,000+
Official language
English
President
Norma Jean Mattei, Ph.D., P.E., F.SEI, M.COPRI
Staff
275
Website
www.asce.org
The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) is a tax-exempt professional body founded in 1852 to represent members of the civil engineering profession worldwide. Headquartered in Reston, Virginia, it is the oldest national engineering society in the United States.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 The 20th century
2 Publications
3 Conferences and education
3.1 Institutes
4 Controversies in New Orleans levee investigations
4.1 Press release of expert review panel 2007
4.2 Ethics complaint
4.3 Review panels to examine alleged ethics breaches
4.4 Grassroots group spoof of ASCE - USACE relationship
4.5 USACE grant money for disinformation, 2008
5 Divisions
6 Engineering programs
7 Awards and designations
7.1 World wonders of the Modern World
7.2 Walter L. Huber Civil Engineering Research Prize
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
History[edit]
The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) was founded in New York City on November 5, 1852, when twelve engineers and architects, amongst them Julius W. Adams, Alfred W. Craven, Thomas A. Emmet, Edward Gardiner, George S. Greene and James Laurie, met at the offices of the Croton Aqueduct and formed the American Society of Civil Engineers and Architects.[citation needed] It was the first national engineering society created in the United States.[1] Its constitution was based on the older Boston Society of Civil Engineers from 1848.[2] In 1869 the "Architects" was dropped from the name, as the architects had formed their own society in 1857, the American Institute of Architects.[3]
The American Society of Civil Engineers represents more than 150,000 members of the civil engineering profession in 177 countries. Founded in 1852, ASCE is the nation’s oldest engineering society. Through the expertise of its active membership, ASCE is a leading provider of technical and professional conferences and continuing education, the world’s largest publisher of civil engineering content, and an authoritative source for codes and standards that protect the public.[4]
The 20th century[edit]
U.S. stamp commemorating the 100th anniversary of the ASCE in 1952
In 1999, the ASCE elected the top-ten "civil engineering achievements that had the greatest positive impact on life in the 20th century" in "broad categories". Monuments of the Millennium were a "combination of technical engineering achievement, courage and inspiration, and a dramatic influence on the development of [their] communities".[5] The achievements and monuments that best exemplified them included:
Airport design and development - the Kansai International Airport in Osaka, Japan
Dams - the Hoover Dam on the Colorado River in the United States
Interstate Highway System - "the system overall"[5]
Long-span bridges - like the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, California
Rail transportation - as exemplified by the Eurotunnel rail system connecting the UK and France
Sanitary landfills and solid waste disposal - "sanitary waste disposal advances overall"[5]
Skyscrapers - the Empire State Building in Midtown Manhattan, New York City
Wastewater treatment - the Chicago wastewater system
Water supply and distribution - the California State Water Project
Water transportation - the Panama Canal
Publications[edit]
ASCE is the world’s largest publisher of civil engineering information with publications being the largest revenue-producer for ASCE.[citation needed] It produces 36 peer-reviewed journals, amongst them the ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, the Journal of Environmental Engineering, the Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, the Journal of Structural Engineering, Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management. It also publishes conference proceedings, standards, manuals of practice, technical reports, and monographs. The ASCE corporate website hosts the society’s bookstore, the online access to all journal articles published since 1983, all conference proceedings since 2000, and over 300 e-books.
ASCE publishes Civil Engineering, the Society’s monthly magazine, as well as the weekly enewsletter, ASCENews, also as a digital edition, Geo-Strata, a bi-monthly magazine, on behalf of its Geo-Institute.
Conferences and education[edit]
Each year, more than 55,000 engineers earn continuing education units (CEUs) and/or professional development hours (PDHs) by participating in ASCE’s continuing education programs. ASCE hosts more than 15 annual and specialty conferences, over 200 continuing education seminars and more than 300 live Web seminars. In addition, ASCE offers customized on-site training, hundreds of online programs, including webinars on-demand and in-depth online courses, as well as live and on-demand P.E. exam review courses on the Web.[citation needed]
Institutes[edit]
ASCE also has nine full-service institutes created to serve working professionals working within specialized fields of civil engineering:[6]
Architectural Engineering Institute (AEI)
Coasts, Oceans, Ports and Rivers Institute (COPRI)
Construction Institute (CI)
Engineering Mechanics Institute (EMI)
Environmental and Water Resources Institute (EWRI)
Geo-Institute (G-I)
Transportation and Development Institute (T&DI)
Structural Engineering Institute (SEI)
Utility Engineering & Surveying Institute (UESI)
Controversies in New Orleans levee investigations[edit]
Press release of expert review panel 2007[edit]
ASCE provides peer reviews at the request of public agencies and projects as a "means to improve the management and quality of [public agency] services and thus better protect the public health and safety with which they are entrusted".[7][8] After the 2005 levee failures in Greater New Orleans, the commander of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Lt Gen Carl Strock P.E., M.ASCE) requested that ASCE create an expert review panel to peer review the Corps-sponsored Interagency Performance Evaluation Task Force, the body commissioned by the Corps to assess the performance of the hurricane protection system in metro New Orleans. Lawrence Roth, Deputy Executive Director of the ASCE led the ERP development, served as the panel's chief of staff and facilitated its interaction with IPET.[9] The expert panel´s role was to provide an independent technical review of the IPET's activities and findings, as stated at a National Research Council meeting in New Orleans: "an independent review panel ensure[s] that the outcome is a robust, credible and defensible performance evaluation".[10] On February 12, 2007 Lt. Gen Strock gave all expert review panel members an Outstanding Civilian Service Medals.[9]
On June 1, 2007, the ASCE issued its expert review panel report,[11] and an accompanying press release.[12] The press release was considered controversial because it contained information not present in the report, conflicting with the report, and minimized the Army Corps' involvement in the catastrophe: "Even without breaching, Hurricane Katrina’s rainfall and surge overtopping would have caused extensive and severe flooding—and the worst loss of life and property loss ever experienced in New Orleans." The report stated that had levees and pump stations not failed, "far less property loss would have occurred and nearly two-thirds of deaths could have been avoided."[11] :39 The ASCE administration was criticized by the Times-Picayune for an attempt to minimize and understate the role of the Army Corps in the flooding.[13]
Ethics complaint[edit]
In October 2007, Raymond Seed, a University of California-Berkeley civil engineering professor and ASCE member submitted a 42-page ethics complaint to the ASCE alleging that the Corps of Engineers with ASCE´s help sought to minimize the Corps' mistakes in the flooding, intimidate anyone who tried to intervene, and delay the final results until the public's attention had turned elsewhere.[14] The Corps acknowledged receiving a copy of the letter and refused to comment until the ASCE's Committee on Professional Conduct (CPC) had commented on the complaint.[15] It took over a year for the ASCE to announce the results of the CPC.[16] The ASCE self-study panel did not file charges of ethical misconduct and blamed errors on "staff" and not review panel members having created the June press release."[17]
Review panels to examine alleged ethics breaches[edit]
On November 14, 2007, ASCE announced that U.S. Congressman Sherwood Boehlert, R‑N.Y. (ret), would lead an independent task force of outside experts to review how ASCE participated in engineering studies of national significance.[18] ASCE President David Mongan said the review was to address criticism of ASCE´s role in assisting the Army Corps of Engineers-sponsored investigation of Katrina failures. Mongan assured citizens of metro New Orleans in a letter to the Times Picayune, that ASCE took "this matter very seriously and that appropriate actions are being taken".[19]
The panel recommended in results released on September 12, 2008, that ASCE should immediately take steps to remove the potential for conflict of interest in its participation in post-disaster engineering studies.[20] The most important recommendations were that peer review funds over $1 million should come from a separate source, like the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), that ASCE should facilitate but not control the assessment teams, and that information to the public and press should be disseminated not under the extremely tight controls that Ray Seed and his team experienced. It concluded that ASCE should draw up an ethics policy to eliminate questions of possible conflicts of interest.[20]
On April 6, 2009, an internal probe with the ASCE issued a report that ordered a retraction of the ASCE's June 1, 2007 press release.[17] The panel determined that the press release had "inadvertently conveyed a misleading impression regarding the role of engineering failures in the devastation of New Orleans", that it incorrectly said that surge levels along Mississippi's coastline were higher than water levels caused by a tsunami in the Indian Ocean in 2004, and that it had incorrectly repeated estimates of deaths and property damage in New Orleans that might have occurred if levees and floodwalls hadn't been breached.
Grassroots group spoof of ASCE - USACE relationship[edit]
On November 5, 2007, New Orleans-based grassroots group Levees.org led by Sandy Rosenthal criticized the ASCE's close relationship with the United States Army Corps of Engineers in a spoof online public service announcement.[21] On November 12, 2007, the ASCE asked Levees.org to remove the video from the internet, threatening the organization with legal action if it did not comply.[22] On November 13, the Times-Picayune posted the video on its website.[23] Flanked by lawyers with Adams and Reese in the presence of extensive media coverage, the group ignored the threat and posted the video to YouTube citing Louisiana's Anti-SLAPP statute, a "strategic lawsuit against public participation", which allows courts to weed out lawsuits designed to chill public participation on matters of public significance.[24] In a response for comment, ASCE President Mongan replied, "Since the video has already been widely reposted by other organizations, moving forward, we feel our time and expertise are best utilized working to help protect the residents of New Orleans from future storms and flooding."[24]
USACE grant money for disinformation, 2008[edit]
In March 2008, Levees.org announced that records obtained under the Freedom of Information Act revealed that as early October 2005, the Army Corps of Engineers had directed and later paid the ASCE more than $1.1 million for its peer review (Grant Number: W912HZ-06-1-0001). the grant also paid for a series of misleading ASCE presentations attempting to shift blame away from the corps and onto local levee officials.[25] Members of the ASCE are forbidden from making false or exaggerated statements and also from making statements for an interested party unless this is disclosed. Levees.org claimed the records showed how the external peer review would be done in four phases: Phase 1 was research and analysis on the performance of the levees, floodwalls and other important structures. Phase 2 was provision of information on the current system to prevent future flooding. Phase 3 was provision of information to evaluate alternative approaches to flood protection. Phase 4 was transfer information and knowledge gained to a broader audience within Corps and its consultancy community to communicate lessons learned. The group claimed that these records[26] were proof that ASCE´s routine powerpoint presentation from 2007 and 2008 were a public relations campaign to repair the corps' reputation.[27] ASCE officials responded that ASCE paid for the powerpoint presentations itself and had not used USACE grant money for that purpose.
Divisions[edit]
More than 6,000 civil engineers and allied professionals serve on numerous technical committees and provide other services.[citation needed] The Society's Committee on Technical Advancement has 10 divisions.[28] which include: Aerospace Division, Committee on Adaptation to a Changing Climate, Cold Regions Engineering Division, Computing Division, Energy Division, Forensic Engineering Division, Geomatics Division, Infrastructure Resilience Division, Pipelines Division and Wind Engineering Division.[citation needed]
Engineering programs[edit]
Each year, more than 6,000 civil engineering professionals contribute volunteer technical expertise through participation on ASCE technical committees.[citation needed] These committees are housed in the divisions of the Committee on Technical Activities (CTA) or in the Society’s institutes.
The efforts of these volunteers advance the profession in many ways including the numerous conferences held each year, manuals of practice, journals and standards. As an ANSI-accredited standards development organization, ASCE committees use an established and audited process to produce consensus standards under a program supervised by the Society’s Codes and Standards Committee.
Civil Engineering Certification Inc. (CEC), affiliated with ASCE, has been established to support specialty certification academies for civil engineering specialties and is accredited by the Council of Engineering and Scientific Specialty Boards (CESB). CEC also handles safety certification for state, municipal, and federal buildings, formerly the province of the now-defunct Building Security Council. The Committee on Critical Infrastructure (CCI) provides vision and guidance on ASCE activities related to critical infrastructure resilience, including planning, design, construction, O&M, and event mitigation, response and recovery.
Certification is the recognition of attaining advanced knowledge and skills in a specialty area of civil engineering. ASCE offers certifications for engineers who demonstrate advanced knowledge and skills in their area of engineering.
American Academy of Water Resources Engineers (AAWRE)
Academy of Geo-Professionals (AGP)
Academy of Coastal, Ocean, Port & Navigation Engineers (ACOPNE)
Awards and designations[edit]
ASCE Historical Marker at Philadelphia City Hall.
ASCE honors civil engineers through more than 90 Society Awards.[citation needed] Honors and awards include the Huber Civil Engineering Research Prize, the Outstanding Projects and Leaders (OPAL) awards in the categories of construction, design, education, government and management,[29] the Outstanding Civil Engineering Achievement (OCEA) for projects, the Henry L. Michel Award for Industry Advancement of Research and the Charles Pankow Award for innovation, 12 scholarships and fellowships for student members. Created in 1968 by ASCE's Sanitary Engineering Division, the Wesley W. Horner award is named after former ASCE President Wesley W. Horner, and given to a recently peer reviewed published paper in the fields of hydrology, urban drainage, or sewerage. Special consideration is given to private practice engineering work that is recognized as a valuable contribution to the field of environmental engineering.[30] The Lifetime Achievement Award has been presented annually since 1999 and recognizes five different individual leaders. One award is present in each category of design, construction, government, education, and management.[31] ASCE designates national and international Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks.{{cn}
World wonders of the Modern World[edit]
In an effort to recognize a contemporary equivalent to the heralded ancient Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the ASCE has designated the following Seven Wonders of the Modern World:[32]
The Empire State Building, New York City, New York
The Itaipu Dam, Brazil and Paraguay
The CN Tower, Toronto, Ontario
The Panama Canal, Panama
The Channel Tunnel, France and the United Kingdom
The North Sea protection works, including the Zuiderzee Works and Delta Works, Netherlands
The Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco, California
Walter L. Huber Civil Engineering Research Prize[edit]
In July 1946, the Board of Direction authorized annual awards on recommendation by the Society’s Committee on Research to stimulate research in civil engineering. In October 1964, Mrs. Alberta Reed Huber endowed these prizes in honor of her husband, Walter L. Huber, Past President, ASCE.[33] The Huber Prize is considered the highest level mid-career research prize in civil engineering and is awarded for outstanding achievements and contributions in research with respect to all disciplines of civil engineering.
See also[edit]
Norman Medal
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "ASCE Founders' Plaque". Metropolitan Section, American Society of Civil Engineers. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
Jump up ^ Perspectives in Civil Engineering: Commemorating the 150th Anniversary of the American Society of Civil Engineers Jeffrey S. Russell; ASCE Publications, Jan 1, 2003; 392 pages, page 129 "They used the constitution of the Boston Society of Civil Engineers, founded four uears earlier, as a framework."
Jump up ^ Beard, Jeffrey L.; et al. (2001). Design-build: planning through development. McGraw-Hill Professional. para. 2.4. ISBN 0-07-006311-7. Retrieved February 1, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Amit Kanvinde Receives 2016 Huber Research Prize - College of Engineering UC Davis". College of Engineering UC Davis. 2016-04-15. Retrieved 2017-04-17.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Top 10 Achievements & Millennium Monuments" (PDF). People and Projects > Projects. American Society of Civil Engineers. Retrieved 19 September 2012.
Jump up ^ "Institutes". ASCE.org. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
Jump up ^ Peer Review for Public Agencies American Society of Civil Engineers. Not dated, Retrieved November 17, 2007.
Jump up ^ ASCE Policy Statement on Peer Review American Society of Civil Engineers, March 17, 2016, retrieved November 13, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b (March 2007) Members Honored with Outstanding Civil Services Medal American Society of Civil Engineers. Retrieved November 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ Roth, Lawrence "Larry", on behalf of ASCE External Review Panel. (March 20, 2007) Meeting 2, New Orleans Regional Hurricane Protection Projects, Meeting 2, New Orleans Regional Hurricane Protection Projects. New Orleans, LA. Retrieved November 15, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Charles F. Anderson, Jurjen A. Battjes; et al. (2007). "The New Orleans Hurricane Protection System: What Went Wrong and Why" (PDF). American Society of Civil Engineers. p. 80. Retrieved 2015-11-15.
Jump up ^ Joan Buhrman (2007). "Move Beyond Sound-bites and "Armchair" Theories to Make the Nation Safer From Disaster, Engineers Say" (PDF). American Society of Civil Engineers. Retrieved 2015-11-15.
Jump up ^ (June 19, 2007) EDITORIAL: Sound bites and spin jobs The Times-Picayune. Retrieved November 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ Raymond B. Seed (2007). "New Orleans, Hurricane Katrina, and the Soul of the Profession" (PDF). New Orleans Times Picayue. Retrieved 2017-01-27.
Jump up ^ Charpentier, Colley (November 19, 2007). "Critic: Corps tried to thwart inquirty". Times Picayune. Retrieved 2015-11-16.
Jump up ^ "Levee group slams ASCE investigation" (PDF). NOLA.com. 6 August 2008. Retrieved 27 Jan 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Schleifstein, Mark (April 6, 2009). "American Society of Civil Engineers finds no ethical violations in its own Katrina levee review". Times Picayune. Retrieved 2015-11-16.
Jump up ^ Task force will review engineers' studies The Times Picayune, December 8, 2007
Jump up ^ ASCE is investigating The Times Picayune, December 2, 2007
^ Jump up to: a b Sherwood L. Boehlert, Joseph Bordogna (12 September 2008). "Report on Engineering Reviews: Recommendations to the American Society of Civil Engineers" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2017-01-27.
Jump up ^ Levees.Org (November 5, 2007). New Orleans Levee Spin 101 (Youtube Video). New Orleans, LA: Levees.org.
Jump up ^ Baquet, Terry (November 13, 2007). "Engineer group not amused by online spoof of levee review". Times Picayune. Retrieved 2015-11-16.
Jump up ^ Shea, Dan (November 14, 2007). "Controversial Levees.org video". Times Picayune. Retrieved 2015-11-16.
^ Jump up to: a b Betz, Jonathan (December 4, 2007). "Corps/Levees.org". WWL. Retrieved 2015-11-16.
Jump up ^ Sandy Rosenthal (August 22, 2011). Elite Engineering Group Does PR Show to Protect Corps of Engineers' Reputation (Youtube Video). New Orleans, LA: Levees.org.
Jump up ^ U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (2006). "Research and Analysis of the Performance of Hurricane and Flood Protection Projects in Southeast Louisiana" (PDF). Department of the Army. Retrieved 2015-11-16.
Jump up ^ "Katrina Study Findings Presentations". American Society of Civil Engineers. September 2006. Retrieved 2015-11-16.
Jump up ^ Technical Areas of the American Society of Civil Engineers., American Society of Civil Engineers. Retrieved November 13, 2015
Jump up ^ American Society of Civil Engineers. "ASCE Honors and Awards - Outstanding Civil Engineering Achievement". Archived from the original on 29 August 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-31.
Jump up ^ Wesley W. Horner Award ASCE. Accessed October 10, 2007.
Jump up ^ American Society of Civil Engineers. "ASCE Honors and Awards - Lifetime Achievement Award". Archived from the original on 29 August 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-31.
Jump up ^ Seven Wonders of the Modern World Archived August 2, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. ASCE. Accessed June 14, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Walter L. Huber Civil Engineering Research Prizes | ASCE". www.asce.org. Retrieved 2017-04-17.
External links[edit]
Official website
Works by American Society of Civil Engineers at Project Gutenberg
Works by or about American Society of Civil Engineers at Internet Archive
"Centennial of Engineering" – A 3¢ commemorative US postage stamp issued in 1952
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 148987877
LCCN: n79023196
ISNI: 0000 0001 2181 6373
GND: 4930-X
SUDOC: 031753736
BNF: cb12291056h (data)
[hide]
v
t
e
Presidents of the American Society of Civil Engineers
1853–1879
James Laurie (1853–1867)
James Pugh Kirkwood (1868)
William Jarvis McAlpine (1868–1869)
Alfred Wingate Craven (1870–1871)
Horatio Allen (1872–1873)
Julius Walker Adams (1874–1875)
George Sears Greene (1876–1877)
Ellis Sylvester Chesbrough (1878)
William Milnor Roberts (1879)
1880–1899
Albert Fink (1880)
James Bicheno Francis (1881)
Ashbel Welch (1882)
Charles Paine (1883)
Don Juan Whittemore (1884)
Frederic Graff (1885)
Henry Flad (1886)
William Ezra Worthen (1887)
Thomas Coltrin Keefer (1888)
Max Joseph Becker (1889)
William Powell Shinn (1890)
Octave Chanute (1891)
Mendes Cohen (1892)
William Metcalf (1893)
William Price Craighill (1894)
George Shattuck Morison (1895)
Thomas Curtis Clarke (1896)
Benjamin Morgan Harrod (1897)
Alphonse Fteley (1898)
Desmond Fitzgerald (1899)
1900–1919
John Findley Wallace (1900)
John James Robertson Croes (1901)
Robert Moore (1902)
Alfred Noble (1903)
Charles Hermany (1904)
Charles Conrad Schneider (1905)
Frederic Pike Stearns (1906)
George Henry Benzenberg (1907)
Charles Macdonald (1908)
Onward Bates (1909)
John Anderson Bensel (1910)
Mordecai Thomas Endicott (1911)
John Agustus Ockerson (1912)
George Filmore Swain (1913)
Hunter McDonald (1914)
Charles David Marx (1915)
Elmer Lawrence Corthell (1916)
Clemens Herschel (1916)
George Herndon Pegram (1917)
Arthur Newell Talbot (1918)
Fayette Samuel Curtis (1919)
1920–1939
Arthur Powell Davis (1920)
George Smedley Webster (1921)
John Ripley Freeman (1922)
Charles Fredrick Loweth (1923)
Carl Ewald Grunsky (1924)
Robert Ridgeway (1925)
George Stewart Davison (1926)
John Frank Stevens (1927)
Lincoln Bush (1928)
Anson Martson (1929)
John Francis Coleman (1930)
Francis Lee Stuart (1931)
Herbert Samuel Crocker (1932)
Alonzo John Hammond (1933)
Harrison Prescott Eddy (1934)
Arthur Smith Tuttle (1935)
Daniel Webster Mead (1936)
Louis Clarence Hill (1937)
Henry Earle Riggs (1938)
Donald Hubbard Sawyer (1939)
1940–1959
John Phillip Hogan (1940)
Fredrick Hall Fowler (1941)
Ernest Bateman Black (1942)
Ezra Bailey Whitman (1943)
Malcolm Pirnie (1944)
John Cyprian Stevens (1945)
Wesley Winans Horner (1946)
Edgar Morton Hastings (1947)
Richard Erwin Dougherty (1948)
Franklin Thomas (1949)
Ernest Emmanuel Howard (1950)
Gail Abner Hathaway (1951)
Carlton Springer Proctor (1952)
Walter Leroy Huber (1953)
Daniel Voiers Terrell (1954)
William Roy Glidden (1955)
Enoch Ray Needles (1956)
Mason Graves Lockwood (1957)
Louis Richard Howson (1958)
Francis de Sales Friel (1959)
1960–1979
Frank Alwyn Marston (1960)
Glenn Willis Holcomb (1961)
George Brooks Earnest (1962)
Edmund Friedman (1963)
Waldo Gleason Bowman (1964)
Wallace Lacy Chadwick (1965)
William Joseph Hedley (1966)
Earle Topley Andrews (1967)
Richard Henry Tatlow III (1968)
Frank Hastings Newnam Jr. (1969)
Thomas McMaster Niles (1970)
Samuel Serson Baxter (1971)
Oscar Simon Bray (1972)
John Elmer Rinne (1973)
Charles William Yoder (1974)
William McCoy Sangster (1975)
Arthur Joseph Fox Jr. (1976)
Leland Jasper Walker (1977)
William Read Gibbs (1978)
Walter Emanuel Blessey (1979)
1980–1999
Joseph Simeon Ward (1980)
Irvan Frank Mendenhall (1981)
James Redding Sims (1982)
John H. Wiedeman (1983)
S. Russell Stearns (1984)
Richard W. Karn (1985)
Robert Dewey Bay (1986)
Daniel Bythewood Barge Jr. (1987)
Albert Abraham Grant (1988)
William J. Carroll (1989)
John A. Focht Jr. (1990)
James E. ""Tom"" Sawyer (1991)
Celestino R. ""Chuck"" Penoni (1992)
James E. McCarty (1993)
James W. Poirot (1994)
Stafford E. Thornton (1995)
Charles A. Parthum (1996)
Edward O. Groff (1997)
Luther W. Greaf (1998)
Daniel S. Turner (1999)
2000–present
Delon Hampton (2000)
Robert W. Bein (2001)
H. Gerard Schwartz Jr. (2002)
Thomas L. Jackson (2003)
Patricia D. Galloway (2004)
William P. Henry (2005)
Dennis R. Martenson (2006)
William F. Marcuson III (2007)
David G. Mongan (2008)
D. Wayne Klotz (2009)
Blaine D. Leonard (2010)
Kathy J. Caldwell (2011)
Andrew W. Herrmann (2012)
Gregory E. Diloreto (2013)
Randall S. Over (2014)
Robert D. Stevens (2015)
Mark W. Woodson (2016)
Norma Jean Mattei (2017)
Kristina L. Swallow (2018)
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Eagle Pass, Texas
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Eagle Pass, Texas
City
Nickname(s): El Aguilón
El Paso del Aguila

Location of Eagle Pass, Texas
Eagle Pass, Texas
Location of Eagle Pass in Texas
Coordinates: 28°42′38″N 100°29′22″W / 28.71056°N 100.48944°W / 28.71056; -100.48944Coordinates: 28°42′38″N 100°29′22″W / 28.71056°N 100.48944°W / 28.71056; -100.48944
Country
United States
State
Texas
County
Maverick
Government
• Type
Council-Manager
• City Council
Mayor Ramsey E. Cantu
Gloria Hernandez
Rudy Villalpando

Yolanda Ramon
Luis Sifutentes
• City Manager
Roberto Gonzalez
Area
• Total
9.58 sq mi (24.812 km2)
• Land
9.58 sq mi (24.812 km2)
• Water
0.0 sq mi (0.1 km2)
Elevation
732 ft (223 m)
Population (2010)
• Total
26,255
• Density
2,740.2/sq mi (1,058.1/km2)
Time zone
Central (CST) (UTC-6)
• Summer (DST)
CDT (UTC-5)
ZIP codes
78852-78853
Area code(s)
830
FIPS code
48-21892[1]
GNIS feature ID
1356538[2]
Website
www.eaglepasstx.us
Eagle Pass is a city in and the county seat of Maverick County in the US state of Texas. The population was 26,255 as of the 2010 census (2013 estimate 27,708.)[3]
Eagle Pass borders the city of Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico, which is to the southwest and across the Rio Grande. The Eagle Pass-Piedras Negras Metropolitan Area (EG-PN) is one of six binational metropolitan areas along the United States-Mexican border. As of January 2008, according to the US census, the Eagle Pass Metropolitan Area's population was 48,401 people, and the Piedras Negras Metropolitan Area's population was 169,771.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Lawsuit
3 Public corruption scandals
3.1 Maverick County corruption scandal
3.2 City of Eagle Pass gasoline card theft and fraud
3.3 Former city manager charged with lying to the FBI
4 Economic development
5 Climate
6 Geography
7 Demographics
8 Nearby cities/communities
9 Transportation
9.1 Highways
10 Government
10.1 Federal representation
11 Area newspapers
12 Education
12.1 Private schools
12.2 Elementary schools
12.3 Middle schools
12.4 High schools
13 Notable people
14 HVDC-back-to-back station
15 Tornado
16 Gallery
17 See also
18 References
19 External links
History[edit]
Eagle Pass was the first American settlement on the Rio Grande. Originally known as Camp Eagle Pass, it served as a temporary outpost for the Texas militia, which had been ordered to stop illegal trade with Mexico during the Mexican-American War.[4] Eagle pass is so named because the contour of the hills through which the Rio Grande flows bore a fancied resemblance to the outstretched wings of an eagle.[5]
General William Leslie Cazneau (1807–1876) founded the Eagle Pass townsite in the 1840s.[6]
In 1850, Rick Pawless opened a trading post called Eagle Pass. In 1871, Maverick County was established, and Eagle Pass was named the county seat. During the remainder of the 19th century, schools and churches opened, the mercantile and ranching industries grew, and a railway was built.
The United States Army established the presumably permanent Fort Duncan on March 27, 1849, a few miles upstream from Camp Eagle Pass. Captain Sidney Burbank supervised the construction of Fort Duncan, which was named after Colonel James Duncan, who had fought in the Mexican War. After the Mexican-American War, trade flourished under the protection of the fort. The fort was near the trail of westward immigration to California. It also served as an outpost against hostile Apache. It was abandoned and reopened several times. In March 1860, it served as the base of operations against the border assaults arranged by Juan N. Cortina.[7]
Fort Duncan was held by the Confederacy during the American Civil War. On July 4, 1865, General Joseph O. Shelby, en route to offer his troops' service to Maximilian in Mexico, stopped at Fort Duncan and buried in the Rio Grande the last Confederate flag to have flown over his men.[4] After several decades of deactivation, Fort Duncan was activated as a training camp during World War I. In 1938, the City of Eagle Pass acquired the fort and still operates a museum and a children's library at the site.[7]
The rancher and gunfighter King Fisher lived in Eagle Pass until his ambush and murder in San Antonio in 1884.
During World War I Camp Eagle Pass was established as a post of the U.S. Army. The 3rd Infantry Regiment was assigned there and patrolled the Mexican Border.
Lawsuit[edit]
The City of Eagle Pass was sued by the US government in 2008 to gain access to the land and construct a fence on the United States-Mexico border.[8]
Public corruption scandals[edit]
Eagle Pass and Maverick County have been the subject of several state and federal criminal investigations which have gained state and national media attention.
Maverick County corruption scandal[edit]
An ongoing public corruption, bid-rigging, and kickback investigation by the FBI and Texas Department of Public Safety has resulted in the arrest and imprisonment of all four Maverick County Commissioners, one Justice of the Peace, and multiple local government employees and businessmen since October 2012, making it the largest public criminal probe in Eagle Pass and Maverick County history.[9] On February 20, 2015, a federal grand jury in Del Rio, Texas, indicted a County Commissioner and a former County Justice of the Peace in connection to an alleged bribery, kickback and bid-rigging scheme, all related to the ongoing public corruption investigation.[10] On February 23, 2015, former Maverick County Commissioner Rodolfo Heredia was sentenced to 10 years in federal prison followed by three years of supervised release and ordered to perform 1,200 hours of community service after completing his prison term. He was also ordered to pay a maximum of $56,003.88 in restitution to Maverick County.[11]
City of Eagle Pass gasoline card theft and fraud[edit]
On August 8, 2012, a federal grand jury in the U.S. District Court in Del Rio, Texas, indicted five Eagle Pass residents, including a former Public Works Department employee in connection with an estimated $70,000 credit card fraud scheme. According to the indictment, during 2011, City of Eagle Pass employee Edgar Aguilar obtained five city of Eagle Pass-owned “Fuelman” credit cards designated for fuel purchases for Public Works department vehicles and distributed them to his accomplices to purchase fuel for their own vehicles and to purchase fuel for others at the city’s expense. In some instances, defendants charged individuals a reduced rate for fuel purchased using the city’s credit card and then pocketed the cash.[12] On November 29, 2012, Aguilar entered a guilty plea for the charges of theft and fraud and on May 15, 2013, was sentenced to 42 months in federal prison and ordered to pay $68,373.87 in restitution for his role in the fraudulent scheme.[13]
Former city manager charged with lying to the FBI[edit]
On March 30, 2017, Hector Chavez, Sr. (born 1948), the former Eagle Pass city manager, pleaded guilty to lying to the Federal Bureau of Investigation regarding a bribery scheme involving public contracts in Maverick County. Chavez, with the company Chace Management, was charged with receiving $20,000 from the owner of the engineering firm Hejl, Lee and Associates to bribe a county commissioner in order to procure a $270,000 contract for the engineering firm. Chavez admitted to having given false information in 2015. Chavez was sentenced to 42 months in federal prison and 3 years supervised release on August 21, 2017.[14] [15]
Economic development[edit]
The city and surrounding area is home to a variety of businesses in retail, import, food manufacturing, and freight forwarding/transportation. The Eagle Pass Industrial Park hosts a number of larger companies including the O.F. Mossberg & Sons firearms manufacturing plant, which employs around 450 persons.
Climate[edit]
Eagle Pass has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen: BSh), typical of South Texas. The average hottest month is August, and the highest recorded temperature was 115 °F (46.1 °C) in 1944. On average, the coolest month is January, while the lowest recorded temperature was 10 °F (−12.2 °C) in 1962. Most precipitation occurs in the spring though fall with a drier winter. The highest monthly average precipitation occurs in September, with a secondary peak in May and June. Late July and August demonstrate a significant, secondary dry season, with very high temperatures, high sun exposure and resultantly, high evaporation rates.
[hide]Climate data for Eagle Pass, Texas
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °F (°C)
96
(36) 101
(38) 106
(41) 108
(42) 114
(46) 115
(46) 115
(46) 112
(44) 111
(44) 106
(41) 100
(38) 94
(34) 115
(46)
Average high °F (°C)
65.0
(18.3) 70.0
(21.1) 78.0
(25.6) 85.0
(29.4) 91.0
(32.8) 96.0
(35.6) 98.0
(36.7) 99.0
(37.2) 93.0
(33.9) 84.0
(28.9) 74.0
(23.3) 65.0
(18.3) 83.1
(28.4)
Average low °F (°C)
42.0
(5.6) 45.0
(7.2) 52.0
(11.1) 60.0
(15.6) 68.0
(20) 73.0
(22.8) 75.0
(23.9) 75.0
(23.9) 70.0
(21.1) 61.0
(16.1) 51.0
(10.6) 42.0
(5.6) 59.5
(15.3)
Record low °F (°C)
10
(−12) 10
(−12) 20
(−7) 32
(0) 42
(6) 47
(8) 62
(17) 60
(16) 42
(6) 27
(−3) 19
(−7) 12
(−11) 10
(−12)
Average precipitation inches (mm)
0.90
(22.9) 1.00
(25.4) 1.01
(25.7) 1.88
(47.8) 2.55
(64.8) 2.73
(69.3) 2.08
(52.8) 1.46
(37.1) 3.11
(79) 2.07
(52.6) 0.95
(24.1) 0.78
(19.8) 20.45
(519.4)
Source: TWC[16]
Geography[edit]
Eagle Pass is located at 28°42′38″N 100°29′22″W / 28.71056°N 100.48944°W / 28.71056; -100.48944 (28.710622, -100.489331).[17]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.4 mi2 (19.2 km2), of which, 7.4 mi2 (19.2 km2) of it is land and 0.04 mi2 (0.1 km2) of it (0.40%) is covered by water.
The area is served by U.S. Highways 277 and 57, and FM (farm road) 481 . Maverick County Memorial International Airport is a general aviation field, The nearest commercial air service is 50 miles away via the Del Rio International Airport in Del Rio, Texas, which will be served by Texas Sky Airlines in 2016.
Demographics[edit]
As of the census[1] of 2006, 24,847 people, 6,925 households, and 5,588 families resided in the city. The population density was 3,030.3 people per square mile (1,169.4/km²). There were 7,613 housing units at an average density of 1,029.3 per square mile (397.2/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 42.73% White, 0.27% African American, 0.39% Native American, 0.76% Asian, 22.71% from other races, and 3.13% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 96.90% of the population.
Of the 6,925 households, 43.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.0% were married couples living together, 18.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.3% were not families. About 17.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.22 and the average family size was 3.69.
In the city, the population was distributed as 32.7% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 19.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.8 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $23,623, and for a family was $27,140. Males had a median income of $26,350 versus $17,346 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,414. About 26.0% of families and 29.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.0% of those under age 18 and 39.1% of those age 65 or over.
The majority of the income is attributed to dependence of the community on employment in the public sector.
Historical population
Census
Pop.
%±
1850 383 —
1860 522 36.3%
1870 1,240 137.5%
1880 1,627 31.2%
1910 3,536 —
1920 5,765 63.0%
1930 5,059 −12.2%
1940 13,343 163.7%
1950 14,211 6.5%
1960 12,094 −14.9%
1970 15,364 27.0%
1980 21,407 39.3%
1990 20,651 −3.5%
2000 22,413 8.5%
2010 26,248 17.1%
Est. 2016 28,834 [18] 9.9%
U.S. Decennial Census
2012 estimate
Nearby cities/communities[edit]
Carrizo Springs, Texas
Ciudad Acuña, Coahuila
Crystal City, Texas
Del Rio, Texas
El Indio, Texas
Elm Creek, Texas
La Pryor, Texas
Laredo, Texas
Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas
Piedras Negras, Coahuila
San Antonio, Texas
Radar Base, Texas
Rosita North, Texas
Rosita South, Texas
Uvalde, Texas
Quemado, Texas
Transportation[edit]
Highways[edit]
US Highway 57
US Highway 277
State Highway 131
Government[edit]
Federal representation[edit]
The United States Postal Service operates a post office in located at 455 S Bibb Ave Eagle Pass, TX.
The United States Border Patrol has two stations in Eagle Pass. The Eagle Pass North Station located at 2285 Del Rio Blvd and the Eagle Pass South Station at 4156 El Indio Hwy Eagle Pass, TX.
Eagle Pass is the headquarters of the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas, a federally recognized tribe of Kickapoo people.[19]
Area newspapers[edit]
EaglePass.com News (EaglePass.com News)
Eagle Pass Chronicles
Eagle Pass Daily
The News Gram
EPTXN (Eagle Pass, Texas News)
Periódico Zócalo (Zócalo News)
Education[edit]
Eagle Pass is served by the Eagle Pass Independent School District. The district operates 15 elementary schools, two junior high schools, and two high schools, which compete in UIL academics and sports.
Private schools[edit]
Our Lady of Refuge Catholic School
Redeemer Episcopal School
Word of Life Christian School
Elementary schools[edit]
Armando Cerna Elementary School
Benavides Heights Elementary School
Dena Kelso Graves Elementary School
Graves Elementary School
Henry B Gonzalez Elementary School
Liberty Elementary School
Nellie Mae Glass Elementary School
Perfecto Mancha Elementary School
Pete Gallego Elementary School
Ray H Darr Elementary School
Robert E Lee Elementary School
Rosita Valley Elementary School
Rosita Valley Literacy Academy
Sam Houston Elementary School
San Luis Elementary School
Seco Mines Elementary School
Kirchner Elementary School
Middle schools[edit]
Eagle Pass Junior High School
Memorial Junior High School
High schools[edit]
Eagle Pass High School
C.C. Winn High School
The community is served by branches of four-year Sul Ross University in Alpine, in the form of Rio Grande College, and Southwest Texas Junior College, a two-year community college based in Uvalde.
Notable people[edit]
Rian James (1899–1953), author and screenwriter
Biz Mackey (1897–1965), catcher and manager in Negro league baseball
Robert C. Mathis (1927-2016), retired Air Force four-star general, served as Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Air Force
Connie Douglas Reeves (1901–2003), rancher, National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame
Gus Sorola (born 1978), Co-founder of Rooster Teeth
Louis Lane (1923–2016) Conductor of Cleveland and Atlanta symphonies.
HVDC-back-to-back station[edit]
In 2000, as part of the power exchange between Texas and Mexico, a HVDC facility equipped with IGBTs was built. This facility, built for Central Power and Light (now AEP Texas) by the ABB Group, operates at a bipolar voltage of 15.9 kV, and has a maximum transfer rate of 36 megawatts. The power station enables AEP to purchase electricity from Mexico's Comisión Federal de Electricidad, when needed.[20]
Tornado[edit]
Main article: Piedras Negras-Eagle Pass tornadoes
On April 24, 2007, at 7:00 p.m. CST, a tornado tore through the outside of Eagle Pass and caused loss of life and property damage. The community was paralyzed for more than a week.[21]
Gallery[edit]
Downtown Eagle Pass
Eagle Pass City Hall at the foot of International Bridge
The Rio Grande at Eagle Pass, Texas, with Piedras Negras in the background
Historic First United Methodist Church on Quarry Street
Map of the city 1887
The restored Fort Duncan in Eagle Pass is located near the International Bridge.
The International Bridge across the Rio Grande in Eagle Pass
The Eagle Pass public library is located on Main Street east of the Maverick County Courthouse.
Fort Duncan Medical Center in Eagle Pass is named after the former US Army outpost.
Historic Maverick County Courthouse
Mall de las Aguilas on Bibb Street in Eagle Pass
See also[edit]
Texas portal
Camino Real International Bridge
Eagle Pass – Piedras Negras International Bridge
Fort Duncan
Union Pacific International Railroad Bridge
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2013-09-11. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
Jump up ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
Jump up ^ https://www.census.gov/
^ Jump up to: a b Texas Transportation Commission, Texas State Travel Guide, 2008, p. 232
Jump up ^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. p. 112.
Jump up ^ Handbook of Texas Online
^ Jump up to: a b Texas Historical Commission, historical marker at Fort Duncan, Eagle Pass, Texas, 1970
Jump up ^ Texas City Ordered to Turn Over Land to Feds for Border Fence Construction, January 16, 2008
Jump up ^ http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/local_news/article/Corruption-costly-for-Maverick-residents-4102816.php
Jump up ^ http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/local/article/Former-Maverick-County-justice-of-the-peace-6091885.php
Jump up ^ https://www.fbi.gov/sanantonio/press-releases/2015/former-maverick-county-commissioner-former-county-employee-and-three-contractors-sentenced-to-federal-prison-in-connection-with-a-bribery-kickback-and-bid-rigging-scheme
Jump up ^ https://www.fbi.gov/sanantonio/press-releases/2012/federal-grand-jury-indicts-five-in-connection-with-credit-card-fraud-scheme-involving-the-city-of-eagle-pass
Jump up ^ https://www.fbi.gov/sanantonio/press-releases/2013/former-eagle-pass-department-of-public-works-employee-sentenced-for-role-in-city-credit-card-fraud-scheme
Jump up ^ Guillermo Contreras, "Ex-Eagle Pass manager faces up to 5 years for lying to FBI," San Antonio Express-News, April 1, 2017, p. 6.
Jump up ^ http://www.epbusinessjournal.com/2017/08/former-eagle-pass-city-manager-hector-chavez-sr-sentenced-federal-prison-lying-fbi-connection-investigation-pay-play-bribery-scheme-involving-maverick-cou/
Jump up ^ "Weather.com - Online Weather Data". The Weather Channel. Retrieved March 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
Jump up ^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Tribal Directory." National Congress of American Indians. Retrieved 12 Sept 2013.
Jump up ^ a U.S./Mexico HVDC Light link
Jump up ^ "Tornado Kills 7 Near Eagle Pass On Mexican Border". CBS 11 TV. 2007-04-25. Retrieved 2009-03-21.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eagle Pass, Texas.
Official Eagle Pass, TX site
Handbook of Texas Online article
Eagle Pass Mayor Chad Foster explains why Eagle Pass is growing
Maverick County Judge Pepe Aranda on the Growth of Eagle Pass
A Day with the Kickapoo, and Indian tribe with a reservation near Eagle Pass
Our Sister City of Piedras Negras, Mexico\
Eagle Pass Daily News -- Local News and Information. In English and Spanish.
Eagle Pass Review - Committed to Everything Eagle Pass
Eagle Pass bilingual Shopping and News Destination.
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text:
Star Trek: The Next Generation Interactive VCR Board Game
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Star Trek: The Next Generation Interactive VCR Board Game - A Klingon Challenge is a video board game created by Decipher, Inc.. The game is set in the Star Trek universe, specifically on the USS Enterprise-D. It utilizes a video tape that runs constantly while users play the board game portion. Events on the video tape combine with board game play to determine whether users win or lose the game. The video itself was directed by Les Landau and contains original footage filmed on the actual Star Trek: The Next Generation sets at Paramount Studios.
The character Kavok is played by actor Robert O'Reilly, who is famous for his role on the series as Gowron, chancellor of the Klingon High Council. Jonathan Frakes contributes to the game by reprising his role as William Riker and narrating the beginning of the videotape via log entry. This log entry sets the stage for the game play and subsequent events.
The game was originally released in 1993 with "limited edition" white box packaging but later releases had "general edition" black box packaging with updated graphics and flavor text.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Box Contents and Flavor Text
2.1 Game box contents
3 External links
Plot[edit]
The USS Enterprise-D has docked at Starbase 74 to undergo repairs to a damaged computer core that has been causing low-level malfunctions. The ship is practically empty, because Captain Jean-Luc Picard has granted shore leave to all personnel. The only people on the ship are the Starbase engineering team (the players) assigned to repairs.
Before the repairs are complete, Kavok, a Klingon who believes the Federation-Klingon alliance has made the Empire weak, hijacks the Enterprise and sets a course for the Klingon homeworld (Qo'noS), where he plans on using the Enterprise to start a war between the two space-faring powers.
The objective of the game is to regain control of the Enterprise and stop Kavok's plan. To do so, players will need to secure access to five levels of the main computer, obtain a phaser from Security, and successfully crawl down a Jeffries tube to access the Bridge, all within the 60 minutes before the ship reaches the Klingon home world.
There are multiple events in the videotape which affect game play, and once the countdown clock hits 00:00 the ship reaches Qo'noS and is attacked by Klingon ships stationed there. The Enterprise manages to blow up one Bird of Prey before the Klingons hit the Enterprise's nacelle, blowing up the Enterprise and igniting a war.
Box Contents and Flavor Text[edit]
Game box contents[edit]
1 60-minute VHS tape, 1 game board, 6 Tricorders, 6 phasers, 56 Computer Access cards, 12 Holodeck cards, 12 Klingon bIj cards, 6 male playing pieces, 6 female playing pieces, 6 plastic stands, 30 Isolinear chips, 6 Federation rank tokens, 4 Bridge tokens, 2 stasis fields, 1 die, 1 plastic spinner with base, 1 sticker sheet with 18 communicators, 36 Federation rank pins, 1 spinner sticker, and 4 Medals of Valor.
External links[edit]
Star Trek: The Next Generation Interactive VCR Board Game on IMDb
Jeff Rubin Jeff Rubin show episode with a playthrough and discussion of the game
hide
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e
Decipher, Inc.
Collectible card games
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CODA System
How to Host a Murder
The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game
Star Trek Roleplaying Game
Star Trek: The Next Generation Interactive VCR Board Game
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation_Interactive_VCR_Board_Game&oldid=727737360"
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Decipher, Inc. games
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