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List of current Indian governors
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In the Republic of India, a governor is the constitutional head of each of the twenty-nine states. The governor is appointed by the President of India for a term of five years, and holds office at the President's pleasure. The governor is de jure head of the state government; all its executive actions are taken in the governor's name. However, the governor must act on the advice of the popularly elected council of ministers, headed by the chief minister, who thus hold de facto executive authority at the state-level. The Constitution of India also empowers the governor to act upon his or her own discretion, such as the ability to appoint or dismiss a ministry, recommend President's rule, or reserve bills for the President's assent. Over the years, the exercise of these discretionary powers have given rise to conflict between the elected chief minister and the central government–appointed governor.[1]
The union territories of Andaman and Nicobar, Delhi and Puducherry are headed by lieutenant-governors. Since Delhi and Puducherry have a measure of self-government with an elected legislature and council of ministers, the role of the lieutenant-governor there is a mostly ceremonial one, akin to that of a state's governor. The other four union territories—Chandigarh; Dadra and Nagar Haveli; Daman and Diu; and Lakshadweep—are governed by an administrator. Unlike the administrators of other territories, who are drawn from the Indian Administrative Service, since 1985 the Governor of Punjab has acted as the ex-officio Administrator of Chandigarh.
Contents
[hide]
1 Current governors of states
2 Current lieutenant governors and administrators of union territories
2.1 Territories with a legislature
2.2 Territories without a legislature
3 See also
4 References
Current governors of states[edit]
State
(present governors)
Name[2]
Portrait
Took office
(tenure length)
Ref
Andhra Pradesh
(list) Narasimhan, E. S. L.E. S. L. Narasimhan 000000002009-12-28-000028 December 2009
(7003297600000000000♠8 years, 54 days) [3]
Arunachal Pradesh
(list) Mishra, B. D.B. D. Mishra
– 000000002017-10-03-00003 October 2017
(7002140000000000000♠140 days) [4]
Assam
(list) Mukhi, JagdishJagdish Mukhi – 000000002017-10-10-000010 October 2017
(7002133000000000000♠133 days) [5]
Bihar
(list) Malik, Satya PalSatya Pal Malik
– 000000002017-10-04-00004 October 2017
(7002139000000000000♠139 days) [6]
Chhattisgarh
(list) Tandon, Balram DasBalram Das Tandon 000000002014-07-25-000025 July 2014
(7003130600000000000♠3 years, 210 days) [7]
Goa
(list) Sinha, MridulaMridula Sinha 000000002014-08-31-000031 August 2014
(7003126900000000000♠3 years, 173 days) [8]
Gujarat
(list) Kohli, Om PrakashOm Prakash Kohli 000000002014-07-16-000016 July 2014
(7003131500000000000♠3 years, 219 days) [9]
Haryana
(list) Solanki, Kaptan SinghKaptan Singh Solanki 000000002014-07-27-000027 July 2014
(7003130400000000000♠3 years, 208 days) [10]
Himachal Pradesh
(list) Vrat, Acharya DevAcharya Dev Vrat – 000000002015-08-12-000012 August 2015
(7002923000000000000♠2 years, 192 days) [11]
Jammu and Kashmir
(list) Vohra, Narinder NathNarinder Nath Vohra 000000002008-06-25-000025 June 2008
(7003352700000000000♠9 years, 240 days) [12]
Jharkhand
(list) Murmu, DraupadiDraupadi Murmu 000000002015-05-18-000018 May 2015
(7003100900000000000♠2 years, 278 days) [13]
Karnataka
(list) Vala, VajubhaiVajubhai Vala 000000002014-09-01-00001 September 2014
(7003126800000000000♠3 years, 172 days) [14]
Kerala
(list) Sathasivam, P.P. Sathasivam 000000002014-09-05-00005 September 2014
(7003126400000000000♠3 years, 168 days) [15]
Madhya Pradesh
(list) Patel, AnandibenAnandiben Patel 000000002018-01-23-000023 January 2018
(7001280000000000000♠28 days) [16]
Maharashtra
(list) Rao, C. VidyasagarC. Vidyasagar Rao 000000002014-08-30-000030 August 2014
(7003127000000000000♠3 years, 174 days) [17]
Manipur
(list) Heptulla, NajmaNajma Heptulla 000000002016-08-21-000021 August 2016
(7002548000000000000♠1 year, 183 days) [18]
Meghalaya
(list) Prasad, GangaGanga Prasad
– 000000002017-10-05-00005 October 2017
(7002138000000000000♠138 days) [19]
Mizoram
(list) Sharma, NirbhayNirbhay Sharma 000000002015-05-26-000026 May 2015
(7003100100000000000♠2 years, 270 days) [20]
Nagaland
(list) Acharya, PadmanabhaPadmanabha Acharya 000000002014-07-19-000019 July 2014
(7003131200000000000♠3 years, 216 days) [21]
Odisha
(list) Jamir, S. C.S. C. Jamir – 000000002013-03-21-000021 March 2013
(7003179700000000000♠4 years, 336 days) [22]
Punjab
(list) Badnore, V. P. SinghV. P. Singh Badnore 000000002016-08-22-000022 August 2016
(7002547000000000000♠1 year, 182 days) [23]
Rajasthan
(list) Singh, KalyanKalyan Singh 000000002014-09-04-00004 September 2014
(7003126500000000000♠3 years, 169 days) [24]
Sikkim
(list) Patil, ShriniwasShriniwas Patil 000000002013-07-20-000020 July 2013
(7003167600000000000♠4 years, 215 days) [25]
Tamil Nadu
(list) Purohit, BanwarilalBanwarilal Purohit
000000002017-10-06-00006 October 2017
(7002137000000000000♠137 days) [26]
Telangana
(list) Narasimhan, E. S. L.E. S. L. Narasimhan
(Additional charge) 000000002014-06-02-00002 June 2014
(7003135900000000000♠3 years, 263 days) [27]
Tripura
(list) Roy, TathagataTathagata Roy – 000000002015-05-20-000020 May 2015
(7003100700000000000♠2 years, 276 days) [28]
Uttar Pradesh
(list) Naik, RamRam Naik 000000002014-07-22-000022 July 2014
(7003130900000000000♠3 years, 213 days) [29]
Uttarakhand
(list) Paul, Krishan KantKrishan Kant Paul – 000000002015-01-08-00008 January 2015
(7003113900000000000♠3 years, 43 days) [30]
West Bengal
(list) Tripathi, Keshari NathKeshari Nath Tripathi 000000002014-07-24-000024 July 2014
(7003130700000000000♠3 years, 211 days) [31]
Current lieutenant governors and administrators of union territories[edit]
Territories with a legislature[edit]
The first woman IPS officer, Kiran Bedi is the 24th Lieutenant Governor of Puducherry.
Office and union territory
(past officeholders)
Name[32]
Took office
(tenure length)
Ref
Lieutenant Governor of
Delhi
(list) Baijal, AnilAnil Baijal 000000002016-12-31-000031 December 2016
(7002416000000000000♠1 year, 51 days) [33]
Lieutenant Governor of
Puducherry
(list) Bedi, KiranKiran Bedi 000000002016-05-29-000029 May 2016
(7002632000000000000♠1 year, 267 days) [34]
Territories without a legislature[edit]
Office and union territory
(past officeholders)
Name[35]
Took office
(tenure length)
Ref
Lieutenant Governor of
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
(list) Kumar Joshi, DevendraDevendra Kumar Joshi 000000002017-10-08-00008 October 2017
(7002135000000000000♠135 days) [36]
Administrator of
Chandigarh
(list) Badnore, V. P. SinghV. P. Singh Badnore 000000002016-08-22-000022 August 2016
(7002547000000000000♠1 year, 182 days) [23]
Administrator of
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
(list) Patel, Praful KhodaPraful Khoda Patel
(Additional charge) 000000002016-12-30-000030 December 2016
(7002417000000000000♠1 year, 52 days) [37]
Administrator of
Daman and Diu
(list) Patel, Praful KhodaPraful Khoda Patel 000000002016-08-29-000029 August 2016
(7002540000000000000♠1 year, 175 days) [38]
Administrator of
Lakshadweep
(list) Khan, FarooqFarooq Khan 000000002016-09-06-00006 September 2016
(7002532000000000000♠1 year, 167 days) [39]
See also[edit]
List of current Indian chief ministers
List of current Indian chief justices
List of current Indian legislative speakers
List of current Indian opposition leaders
List of female Indian governors
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Durga Das alok Basu. Introduction to the Constitution of India. 1960. 20th edition, 2011 reprint. LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa Nagpur. ISBN 978-81-8038-559-9. p. 237, 241–44.
Jump up ^ Governors. India.gov.in. Retrieved on 3 September 2015.
Jump up ^ J. Balaji. "Narasimhan to look after Andhra Pradesh". The Hindu. 28 December 2009.
Jump up ^ "Brigadier BD Mishra sworn-in as Arunachal Pradesh governor". The Indian Express. 03 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Jagdish Mukhi sworn in as governor of Assam". Hindustan Times. 10 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Satya Pal Malik takes oath as Governor of Bihar". The Indian Express. 04 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Pavan Dahat. "Tandon sworn in as Chhattisgarh Governor". The Hindu. 26 July 2014.
Jump up ^ Prakash Kamat. "Mridula Sinha sworn-in as Goa Governor". The Hindu. 31 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "Kohli sworn in as Gujarat Governor". The Hindu. 17 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "Solanki sworn in as Haryana governor". The Hindu. 27 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "Dev Vrat sworn in as H.P. Governor". The Hindu. 13 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Vohra sworn in as new Jammu and Kashmir Governor". The Hindu. 26 June 2008.
Jump up ^ "Draupadi Murmu sworn in as first woman Governor of Jharkhand". The Hindu. 18 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Nagesh Prabhu. "Vala sworn in as Karnataka Governor". The Hindu. 1 September 2014.
Jump up ^ Gireesh Menon. "Sathasivam sworn in as Kerala Governor". The Hindu. 5 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "Anandiben Patel sworn in as Madhya Pradesh Governor". The Hindu. 23 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Rao sworn in as Maharashtra Governor". The Hindu. 31 August 2014.
Jump up ^ Iboyaima Laithangam. "Najma Heptullah sworn in as Manipur Governor". The Hindu. 21 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Ganga Prasad sworn in as Meghalaya Governor". The Indian Express. 05 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Lt. Gen. Nirbhay Sharma sworn-in as Mizoram governor". Business Standard. 26 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "P B Acharya sworn in as Nagaland Governor". Business Standard. 19 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "S.C Jamir sworn in as new Governor of Odisha Archived 18 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine.". Business Line. 21 March 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "V.P. Singh Badnore sworn in as new Punjab Governor". The Indian Express. 22 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Kalyan Singh sworn-in as Rajasthan Governor". The Hindu. 4 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "Message of Hon’ble Governor of Sikkim Shri Shriniwas Patil on the assumption of Office". The Raj Bhavan, Gangtok, Sikkim. 20 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "Banwarilal Purohit sworn in as Tamil Nadu governor". The Indian Express. 6 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "E S L Narasimhan sworn in as Governor of Telangana". The Hindu. 2 June 2014.
Jump up ^ "Tathagata Roy sworn in as Governor of Tripura". The Hindu. 20 May 2015.
Jump up ^ . "Ram Naik sworn in as Uttar Pradesh Governor". India Today. 22 July 2014.
Jump up ^ . "KK Paul sworn in as Uttarakhand Governor". The Tribune. 8 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Mamata competent to deal with all problems of State: Governor". The Hindu. 25 July 2014.
Jump up ^ Lt. Governors & Administrators. India.gov.in. Retrieved on 3 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "Anil Baijal sworn in as Delhi Lieutenant-Governor". The Hindu. 31 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Kiran Bedi takes oath as Lt. Governor of Puducherry". The Times of India. 29 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Lt. Governors & Administrators. India.gov.in. Retrieved on 3 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "Admiral D K Joshi (Retd.) sworn in as the 13th Lt. Governor of A& N Islands ". The Island Reflector. 08 October 2017.
Jump up ^ List of Former Administrators. Administration of Dadra and Nagar Haveli. Retrieved on 30 December 2016.
Jump up ^ List of Former Administrators. Administration of Daman and Diu. Retrieved on 21 September 2016.
Jump up ^ Bio-data of the Hon'ble Administrator. Official Website of Union Territory of Lakshadweep. Retrieved on 21 September 2016.
[show]
v
t
e
Lists of governors, lieutenant governors and administrators of Indian states and union territories (and current incumbents)
Andaman and Nicobar
Devendra Kumar Joshi
Andhra Pradesh
E. S. L. Narasimhan
Arunachal Pradesh
B. D. Mishra
Assam
Jagdish Mukhi
Bihar
Satya Pal Malik
Chandigarh
V. P. Singh Badnore
Chhattisgarh
Balram Das Tandon
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Praful Khoda Patel
Daman and Diu
Praful Khoda Patel
Delhi
Anil Baijal
Goa
Mridula Sinha
Gujarat
Om Prakash Kohli
Haryana
Kaptan Singh Solanki
Himachal Pradesh
Acharya Dev Vrat
Jammu and Kashmir
Narinder Nath Vohra
Jharkhand
Draupadi Murmu
Karnataka
Vajubhai Vala
Kerala
P. Sathasivam
Lakshadweep
Farooq Khan
Madhya Pradesh
Anandiben Patel
Maharashtra
C. Vidyasagar Rao
Manipur
Najma Heptulla
Meghalaya
Ganga Prasad
Mizoram
Nirbhay Sharma
Nagaland
Padmanabha Acharya
Odisha
S. C. Jamir
Puducherry
Kiran Bedi
Punjab
V. P. Singh Badnore
Rajasthan
Kalyan Singh
Sikkim
Shriniwas Patil
Tamil Nadu
Banwarilal Purohit
Telangana
E. S. L. Narasimhan
Tripura
Tathagata Roy
Uttar Pradesh
Ram Naik
Uttarakhand
Krishan Kant Paul
West Bengal
Keshari Nath Tripathi
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text:
It's Complicated (film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
It's Complicated
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Nancy Meyers
Produced by
Nancy Meyers
Scott Rudin
Written by
Nancy Meyers
Starring
Meryl Streep
Steve Martin
Alec Baldwin
John Krasinski
Music by
Hans Zimmer
Heitor Pereira
Cinematography
John Toll
Edited by
Joe Hutshing
David Moritz
Production
company
Relativity Media
Waverly Films
Scott Rudin Productions
Dentsu
Distributed by
Universal Pictures
Release date
December 25, 2009 (2009-12-25)
Running time
120 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$85 million[1][2]
Box office
$219.1 million[3]
It's Complicated is a 2009 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Nancy Meyers.[4] It stars Meryl Streep[4] as a successful bakery owner and single mother of three who starts a secret affair with her former husband, played by Alec Baldwin,[4] ten years after their divorce – only to find herself drawn to another man: her architect Adam (portrayed by Steve Martin).[4] The film also features supporting performances by Lake Bell, Hunter Parrish, Zoe Kazan, John Krasinski, Mary Kay Place, Robert Curtis Brown and Rita Wilson, among others.[4][5]
The film was met with average reviews from critics, who praised the acting of its ensemble cast but declared its story rather predictable. It became another commercial hit for Meyers, however, upon its Christmas Day 2009 opening release in the United States and Canada. It played well through the holidays and in to January 2010, ultimately closing on April 1 with $112.7 million. Worldwide, It's Complicated eventually grossed $219.1 million, and surpassed The Holiday (2006) to become Meyer's third highest-grossing project to date.[6]
For their performances, the cast was awarded a National Board of Review of Motion Pictures Award for Best Ensemble Cast the same year. In addition, the film was nominated at both the Critics' Choice Awards and the Satellite Awards and garnered Meyers two Golden Globe nominations, including Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy and Best Screenplay. Streep and Baldwin each were individually recognized with Best Actress and Best Supporting Actor nominations at the Golden Globe and BAFTA award ceremonies, respectively.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Casting
3.2 Filming
4 Reception
4.1 Critical response
4.2 Box office
4.3 Awards and nominations
5 Home media
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
Jane (Meryl Streep), who owns a successful bakery in Santa Barbara, California, and Jake Adler (Alec Baldwin), a successful attorney, divorced ten years earlier. They had three children together, two girls and a boy, who are grown. Jake, who was cheating on Jane, married the much younger Agness (Lake Bell).
Jane and Jake attend their son Luke's graduation from college in New York City. After a dinner together, the two begin an affair, which continues in Santa Barbara. Jane is torn about the affair; Jake is not. While Agness has Jake scheduled for regular sessions at a fertility clinic, Jake is secretly taking medication to increase sperm count for fertility, a side effect of which can cause dizziness. After one of his sessions he has a lunchtime rendezvous with Jane at a hotel. Jake collapses in the hotel room and a doctor is called. The doctor speculates that the reason for Jake's distress may be the medication and says he should stop taking it. Jake and Jane's children know nothing of the affair, but Harley (John Krasinski), who is engaged to their daughter Lauren, spots the pair and the doctor in the hotel, but keeps silent.
Adam (Steve Martin) is an architect hired to remodel Jane's home. Still healing from a divorce of his own, he begins to fall in love with Jane. On the night of Luke's graduation party in Santa Barbara, Jane invites Adam to the party. She is stoned when he picks her up because she has smoked a marijuana joint that Jake had given her earlier. Before going into the party, Adam smokes some of the joint with Jane. Once inside, they are laughing and happily high, Jake becomes jealous observing them, and after pressing Jane, smokes some with her also.
Agness then observes Jake and Jane dancing together and realizes they are having an affair. When they leave the party, Adam asks Jane if they could have something to eat. Jane takes him to her bakery and they make chocolate croissants together. Jake and Agness separate, although it is not clear who leaves whom. Eventually by a webcam in Jane's bedroom, Adam sees Jake naked and realizes that the two have been having an affair. Adam tells Jane he cannot continue seeing her because it will only lead to heartbreak. Jane's kids also find out, and they are not happy about Mom and Dad getting together again because they are still recovering from the divorce. Jane tells them she is not getting back with Jake. Jane and Jake talk and end their affair on amicable terms. The film ends with Adam at Jane's house ready to commence the remodeling. Before the credits roll, Jane and Adam are seen laughing about the chocolate croissants while walking into her house.
Cast[edit]
Meryl Streep as Jane Adler, a successful bakery owner.
Steve Martin as Adam Schaffer, Jane's architect.
Alec Baldwin as Jacob "Jake" Adler, Jane's ex-husband.
Lake Bell as Agness Adler, Jake's wife.
Hunter Parrish as Luke David Adler, Jane and Jake's son.
Zoe Kazan as Gabby Adler, Jane and Jake's younger daughter.
Caitlin Fitzgerald as Lauren Adler, Jane and Jake's older daughter.
John Krasinski as Harley, Lauren's fiancé.
Mary Kay Place as Joanne
Rita Wilson as Trisha
Alexandra Wentworth as Diane
James Patrick Stuart as Dr. Moss, the plastic surgeon
Blanchard Ryan as Annalise
Michael Rivera as Eddie
Robert Curtis Brown as Peter
Peter Mackenzie as Dr. Alan, Jane's therapist.
Rosalie Ward as Alex
Jimmy Clabots as Chase
Emjay Anthony as Pedro Adler
Emily Kinney as Waitress.
Production[edit]
Casting[edit]
It's Complicated marked Steve Martin's third collaboration with director Nancy Meyers.
In May 2008, Nancy Meyers agreed to a project for Universal Studios that she would write and direct, to be co-produced with Scott Rudin.[7] The project was referred to as The Untitled Nancy Meyers Project during its inception and early production. Establishing commitments from the principals began in 2008, with Meryl Streep and Alec Baldwin entering discussions in August,[8][9] and Steve Martin joining the cast in October.[10] Casting continued through 2009, with Zoe Kazan, Lake Bell, and Hunter Parrish joining in January,[11] John Krasinski in February,[12] Rita Wilson in March,[13] and Caitlin Fitzgerald in June.[14]
Filming[edit]
While the majority of the film is set in Santa Barbara, California, most of the filming – including nearly all of the interiors – took place in New York City.[15] Principal photography began on February 18, 2009 at the Broadway Stages in the Brooklyn borough, where the interior scenes of Jane's house were shot. Several other key locations were used during the first portion of filming in New York, including Picnic House, a large, studio-sized structure in Brooklyn's Prospect Park, where Jane's bakery was built inside; the facilities at Sarabeth's Bakery in the Chelsea Market; and a commercial loft building in New York's Chelsea district, where scenes at Adam's architecture office were filmed in.[15] As Martin was soon to embark on a concert tour to promote The Crow: New Songs for the Five-String Banjo (2009), his schedule required the team to complete shooting his scenes during the first two months of filming.[15]
Though set in Santa Barbara, the film was primarily shot in New York City.[15]
In April 2009, the company relocated to Los Angeles, where cast and crew started filming scenes taking place outside Jane's house, for which a ranch house located in Thousand Oaks in the north of Los Angeles was used.[15] In mid-April, the crew spent a few days filming exteriors in Montecito and Santa Barbara – just days before wildfires took a heavy toll on the area.[15] Additional scenes were taken in front of numerous downtown landmarks, including the Santa Barbara County Courthouse and the El Paseo section.[15] Afterwards, the team returned to Los Angeles for completion of the scenes at Jane's house and for the filming at the Bel-Air Bay Club in the Pacific Palisades neighborhood.[15] In early May, principal photography returned to Brooklyn for completion.[15] For Luke's graduation scenes, shooting took place at St. John's University in Queens and on Park Avenue in Manhattan.[15] Several different locations stood in for the fictional Park Regent hotel: While a Donald Trump-owned residence building on Park Avenue and 59th Street was used for exterior shots, the lobby and Jane's hotel room were in the JW Marriott Essex House. The hotel bar was the interior of a restaurant on Tenth Avenue.[15] Filming eventually completed in August 2009.[16]
The sets were easy to design. Most scenes take place in the protagonist's home and interior courtyard, and as such the architectural details had to be fastidiously worked out, but the rooms were kept bare to reflect the character's functional tastes and limited budget. There are relatively few decorations, just "a bunch of thrift-store things haphazardly thrown together", in the words of production designer Jon Hutman. The building itself is a traditional 1920s Spanish-ranch-style adobe-mud house which "epitomised the Santa Barbara area."[17]
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
It's Complicated received mixed reviews from film critics. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a rating of 57% based on 172 reviews, with an average score of 5.8/10. According to the website, the critical consensus is: "Despite fine work by an appealing cast, It's Complicated is predictable romantic comedy fare, going for broad laughs instead of subtlety and nuance."[18] Another review aggregator, Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average, gave the film a score of 57 out of 100, based on 30 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[19]
Baldwin and Streep received generally positive reviews from critics for their performances in It's Complicated.[20]
Wesley Morris of the Boston Globe called the film "the most emotionally sophisticated of all Meyers’s fantasies" and praised the acting performances in it. He noted that the film felt like "a made-for-Meryl film [in which] Streep deploys all her best moves [...] in movie star mode, and she’s irresistible," and declared Baldwin a worthy match to her, writing: "It’s Complicated unleashes an unabashedly, desperately romantic side of Baldwin that we haven’t seen before. He doesn’t steal this movie so much as grant all Streep’s fluttering and twirling and hand-fanning an exuberant counterweight."[20] In his review for the Washington Post, Michael O'Sullivan called the film a "very grown-up – and very funny – love story [which] manages to be both light on its feet and heavy enough to deliver something of a message." He concluded: "Food Network porn, hot, middle-age sex and a happy, if slightly bittersweet, ending. For a particular audience – but not just for that audience – what's not to love?"[20] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone called the film an "unapologetic chick flick" and wrote that "you don't have to feel guilty for lapping up this froth. Just don't expect nourishment." He rated the film two and a half stars out of four.[21]
Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times also gave it the same rating and called the film a prime example of Meyer's established "cottage industry of movies about romantically inclined middle-aged people." He found praise for the cast of both Baldwin and Streep, the latter of which he felt "inspires as so often our belief that she's good at everything she does," but noted that while the film contained "funny stuff" and likeable characters, It's Complicated was more of "a rearrangement of the goods in Nancy Meyers' bakery, and some of them belong on the day-old shelf."[22] Writing for Time magazine, Mary Pols complimented Streep's "radiant, funny and endearingly vulnerable" performance and Meyers' "clever and fresh [...] intent in showing the reality of the fantasy coming true." She, however, felt that It's Complicated "is positioned more as a which-guy-will-she-choose story" which misses "dramatic tension to feed that plot line."[23]
Lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a B- rating and declared the film a "middle-aged porn, the specialty of Meyers, who also set ladies and interior decorators drooling over homes and gardens in 2006's The Holiday."[24] Lou Lumenick from New York Post stated that it "coulda had more laughs, but in the spirit of seasonal good cheer, let me predict that the best-chocolate-croissant-making montage in Hollywood history is going to help this one clean up at the box office." He found that Martin seemed "uncomfortable in his thankless role," while "Streep and Baldwin, though, seem to be thoroughly enjoying themselves" and compared the film to Noël Coward's classic farce Private Lives.[25] Salon.com writer Stephanie Zacharek dismissed the film as "another missive from romantic-comedy hell," and felt that "Alec Baldwin -- in his undershorts, no less -- saves Nancy Meyers' latest midlife whingefest."[26]
Box office[edit]
Released on December 25, 2009 in the United States,[27][28] the film opened in 2,887 locations and placed fourth on the US box office after its first weekend. It charted behind Avatar, Sherlock Holmes, and Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel with $22,100,820, scoring a $7,655 average income per theatre. It played well through the holidays and into January 2010, ultimately closing on April 1 with $112.7 million in North America and a total of $214,727,200 worldwide.[3]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Awards
Award
Category
Recipient(s)
Outcome
Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards Best Comedy Film Film Nominated
Golden Globe Awards[29] Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy Meryl Streep Nominated
Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy Nancy Meyers Nominated
Best Screenplay Nancy Meyers Nominated
National Board of Review of Motion Pictures Awards Best Ensemble Cast Film Won
Satellite Awards Best Film – Musical or Comedy Film Nominated
BAFTA Awards Best Supporting Actor Alec Baldwin Nominated
Home media[edit]
It's Complicated became available on DVD and Blu-ray Tuesday, April 27, 2010.[30].
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Abramowitz, Rachel (September 12, 2009). "Meryl Streep's got legs". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 6, 2010. With the exception of "It's Complicated", with a budget of $75 million [...]
Jump up ^ Fritz, Ben (December 28, 2009). "Holiday box-office take is highest in recent history". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 3, 2010. [...] "It's Complicated", which stars Meryl Streep, wasn't particularly impressive given its budget of about $85 million.
^ Jump up to: a b "It's Complicated (2009)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved April 29, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "It's Complicated". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ Labrecque, Jeff (August 7, 2009). "Meryl Streep on the prowl in 'Its Complicated" trailer". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved August 23, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Nancy Meyers Filmography". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2012-12-10.
Jump up ^ Fleming, Michael (May 7, 2008). "Universal woos next Meyers movie". Variety. Retrieved 2009-08-23.
Jump up ^ Fleming, Michael (August 5, 2008). "Streep in deep with Meyers". Variety. Retrieved 2009-08-23.
Jump up ^ Fleming, Michael (August 14, 2008). "Baldwin flirts with romantic comedy". Variety. Retrieved 2009-08-23.
Jump up ^ Fleming, Michael (October 13, 2008). "Steve Martin joins Nancy Meyers film". Variety. Retrieved 2009-08-23.
Jump up ^ Fleming, Michael (January 21, 2009). "Meyers casts Kazan, Bell, Parrish". Variety. Retrieved 2009-08-23.
Jump up ^ Goldberg, Matt (February 10, 2009). "John Krasinski Boards Untitled Nancy Meyers Project". Collider.com. Retrieved 2009-08-23.
Jump up ^ Kemp, Stuart (March 20, 2009). "Wilson in demand". The Independent. London. Retrieved 2009-08-23.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin (June 7, 2009). "Players". Variety.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k "It's Complicated - Production Notes". Universal Studios. Writingstudio.co.za. Retrieved 2012-12-10.
Jump up ^ Reuters, Thomas (August 14, 2009). "Still the love interest". Screen. Retrieved 2009-08-23.
Jump up ^ Harrison, Penny (2010-01-09). "Home movies". Herald Sun. p. Home magazine, pp. 16–17.
Jump up ^ "It's Complicated Movie Reviews, Pictures". Rotten Tomatoes. IGN Entertainment. Retrieved June 11, 2010.
Jump up ^ "It's Complicated (2009): Reviews". Metacritic. CNET Networks. Retrieved February 11, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c Morris, Wesley (2009-12-25). "It's Complicated". Boston Globe. Retrieved 2012-12-10. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "bg" defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
Jump up ^ Travers, Peter (2009-12-21). "Movie review: 'It's Complicated,' with Meryl Streep, is funny food for thought". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2012-12-10.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (2009-12-23). "It's Complicated (Review)". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2012-12-11.
Jump up ^ Pols, Mary (2009-12-24). "It's Complicated (2009)". Time. Retrieved 2012-12-10.
Jump up ^ Schwarzbaum, Lisa (2009-12-30). "It's Complicated (2009)". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2012-12-10.
Jump up ^ Lumenick, Lou (2009-12-25). "Status update: It's cheesy". New York Post. Retrieved 2012-12-10.
Jump up ^ Zacharek, Stephanie (2009-12-24). "Another missive from romantic-comedy hell". Salon.com. Retrieved 2012-12-10.
Jump up ^ Goldstein, Patrick (August 17, 2009). "Universal takes a public spanking for its movie flops". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2009-08-23.
Jump up ^ "Universal Pictures' Fall/Holiday 2009 Sneak Preview!". Movieweb. August 13, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-23.
Jump up ^ "Nominations and Winners". Hollywood Foreign Press Association. December 15, 2009. Archived from the original on December 15, 2009. Retrieved 2009-12-15.
Jump up ^ "NBC Universal Store".
External links[edit]
Official website
It's Complicated on IMDb
It's Complicated at Box Office Mojo
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Radar detector
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For the song by Darwin Deez, see Radar Detector.
An early radar detector
Car radar detector (Japanese)
A radar detector is an electronic device used by motorists to detect if their speed is being monitored by police or law enforcement using a radar gun. Most radar detectors are used so the driver can reduce the car's speed before being ticketed for speeding. In general sense, only emitting technologies, like doppler RADAR, or LIDAR can be detected. Visual speed estimating techniques, like ANPR or VASCAR can not be detected in daytime, but technically vulnerable to detection at night, when IR spotlight is used. There are no reports that piezo sensors can be detected. LIDAR devices require an optical-band sensor, although many modern detectors include LIDAR sensors. Most of today's radar detectors detect signals across a variety of wavelength bands: usually X, K, and Ka. In Europe the Ku band is common as well. The past success of radar detectors was based on the fact that radio-wave beam can not be narrow-enough, so the detector usually senses stray and scattered radiation, giving the driver time to slow down. Based on focused laser-beam, LIDAR technology is deprived of this shortcoming; however requires precise aiming. Modern police radars incorporate formidable computing power, producing minimum of ultra-short pulses, reusing wide beam for multi-target measurement[1], which renders most detectors useless. But, mobile Internet allowed for GPS navigation devices mapping police radar spots in real-time. These gadgets are also often called "radar detectors", while not necessary carrying an RF sensor.
Contents
1 Description
2 Counter technology
2.1 Radar detector detectors
2.2 Radar scrambling
3 LIDAR detection
4 Legality
5 See also
6 References
Description[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
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One device law enforcement use to measure the expected speed of a moving vehicle is called Doppler radar, and it uses the Doppler effect to measure the relative speed of a vehicle. Namely, Doppler radar works by beaming a radio wave at the vehicle to then measure the expected change in frequency of the reflected wave (that bounces off the vehicle). Many times, law enforcement employ Doppler radar in their hand-held radar guns, on their vehicles, as well as on fixed objects such as traffic signals.
Radar detectors use a superheterodyne receiver to detect these electromagnetic emissions from the radar gun, and raise an alarm to notify the motorist when a transmission is detected. False alarms can occur however due to the large number of devices, such as automatic door openers (such as the ones at supermarkets), speed signs, and adaptive automotive cruise control, that operate in the same part of the electromagnetic spectrum as radar guns.
In recent years[when?], some radar detectors have added GPS technology. This allows users to manually store the locations where police frequently monitor traffic, with the detector sounding an alarm when approaching that location in the future (this is accomplished by pushing a button and doesn't require coordinates to be entered). These detectors also allow users to manually store the coordinates of sites of frequent false alarms, which the GPS enabled detector will then ignore. The detector can also be programmed to mute alerts when traveling below a preset speed, limiting unnecessary alerts. Some GPS enabled detectors can download the GPS coordinates of speed monitoring cameras and red-light cameras from the Internet, alerting the driver that they are approaching the camera.
Counter technology[edit]
Radar guns and detectors have evolved alternately over time to counter each other's technology in a form of civilian electronic "warfare". For example, as new frequencies have been introduced, radar detectors have initially been "blind" to them until their technology, too, has been updated. Similarly, the length of time and strength of the transmissions have been lowered to reduce the chance of detection, which in turn has resulted in more sensitive receivers and more sophisticated software counter technology. Lastly, radar detectors may combine other technologies, such as GPS-based technology with a point of interest database of known speed trapping locations, into a single device to improve their chances of success.[2]
Radar detector detectors[edit]
Main article: Radar detector detector
The superheterodyne receiver in radar detectors has a local oscillator that radiates slightly, so it is possible to build a radar-detector detector, which detects such emissions (usually the frequency of the radar type being detected, plus about 10 MHz). The VG-2 Interceptor was the first device developed for this purpose, but has since been eclipsed by the Spectre III and Spectre Elite.[3] This form of "electronic warfare" cuts both ways - since detector-detectors use a similar superheterodyne receiver, many early "stealth" radar detectors were equipped with a radar-detector-detector-detector circuit, which shuts down the main radar receiver when the detector-detector's signal is sensed, thus preventing detection by such equipment. This technique borrows from ELINT surveillance countermeasures. In the early 1990s, BEL-Tronics, Inc. of Ontario, Canada (where radar detector use is prohibited in most provinces) found that the local oscillator frequency of the detector could be altered to be out of the range of the VG-2 Interceptor (probably by using two LO stages such that neither is near the RF frequency). This resulted in detector manufacturers responding by changing their local oscillator frequency. Today, practically every radar detector on the market is immune to the VG-2 Interceptor.[citation needed]. The VG-2 is no longer in production and radar detectors immune to the Spectre Elite are available.
Radar scrambling[edit]
It is illegal in many countries to sell or possess any products that actively transmit radar signals intended to jam radar equipment.[4] In the United States, actively transmitting on a frequency licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) without a licence is a violation of FCC regulations, which may be punishable by fines up to $10,000 and/or up to one year imprisonment.[5]
Passport x50 Radar/Laser detector.
LIDAR detection[edit]
Main article: LIDAR detector
Newer speed detection devices use pulsed laser light, commonly referred to as LIDAR, rather than radio waves. Radar detectors, which detect radio transmissions, are therefore unable to detect the infrared light emitted by LIDAR guns so a different type of device called a LIDAR detector is required. LIDAR detection, however, is not nearly as effective as radar detection because the output beam is very focused. While radar's radio waves can expand to 85 feet (26 m) across at 1,000 feet (300 m) from their source, LIDAR's light beam diffuses to only about 6 feet (1.8 m).[citation needed] Also, a police officer targeting a car will most likely aim for the centre mass or headlight of the vehicle and, because radar detectors are mounted on the windshield away from the beam's aim, they may not alert at all. Lastly, with such a focused beam, an officer using a LIDAR gun can target a single car in close proximity to others at ranges of up to 3,000 feet (910 m).[citation needed] This has resulted in some manufacturers producing LIDAR jammers. Unlike radar, LIDAR's frequencies and use are not controlled by the FCC. These jammers attempt to confuse police LIDAR into showing no speed on the display. Many times they are successful, and therefore many LIDAR manufacturers are producing LIDAR guns that have "jam codes" which show when they are being jammed. They will work on some LIDAR jammers and not others. In spite of this, police can often tell when they are being jammed when they get no reading on their LIDAR. Many jammer-equipped motorists using jammers now try to counter this by reducing their speed to legal limits before they turn their jammer equipment off or "kill the equipment" referred to as "JTK" or "Jam to Kill." Officers can often tell this is going on by just watching for their LIDAR equipment not being able to lock in a speed properly along with visual indication of sudden deceleration of the targeted vehicle. They will then pull the offending vehicle over and look for LIDAR jammers on the front of the vehicle and can hit the motorist with an obstruction of justice charge should they be found. Some states also have laws about any police radar or LIDAR jamming. These are CA, UT, CO, OK, TX, MN, IL, TN, VA, SC[citation needed]. In these states the penalties can be severe.
Despite the advent of LIDAR speed detection, radar remains more prevalent because of its lower price relative to LIDAR equipment and the amount of radar equipment already in service. In addition, in order to use LIDAR the officer must be stationary and cannot be moving at all on account of the need for a very precise aim.
Legality[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2007) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Using or possessing a radar detector or jammer is illegal in certain countries, and it may result in fines, seizure of the device, or both. These prohibitions generally are introduced under the premise that a driver who uses a radar detector will pose a greater risk of accident than a driver who does not.[citation needed] The table below provides information about laws regarding radar detectors in particular nations. In 1967 devices to warn drivers of radar speed traps were being manufactured in the United Kingdom; they were deemed illegal under the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1949.[6]
Country
Legality
Comment
Radar Bands
Australia Illegal in all states besides Western Australia They are illegal to use in a moving vehicle (as stated by the traffic laws in) SA,[7] NSW, ACT, NT, Queensland and Tasmania. In the state of Victoria it is an offence to sell, use or possess a radar detector, and police may confiscate such equipment if found in a vehicle.[8] Heavy fines apply, ranging from AU$200–$1,700, up to nine demerit points, and confiscation of the radar detector. However, importing a unit is permitted under Australian customs regulations. Queensland = up to 40 penalty units (approximately equal to $3,000) for being in or on a vehicle whether or not the device is operating or in working order. K, Ka, Laser
Belgium Illegal[9] In July 2006, a provisional seizure of a vehicle worth over €75,000 and destruction of the radar detector was ordered by the courts. The driver's licence was suspended for three months.[10]
Brazil Illegal in all states.
Bulgaria Detectors legal, jammers illegal. Radar jammers are illegal. X, K (fixed camera+radar)
Canada
Legal in British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan.
Illegal in Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Yukon, Northwest Territories and Nunavut.
Regardless of whether they are used or not, police there may confiscate radar detectors, operational or not, and impose substantial fines in provinces where radar detectors are illegal.[11] Quebec penalizes $500 CAD for use of a radar detector, along with confiscation of the device.[12] K, Ka, Laser
China Detectors legal, jammers illegal
Croatia Detectors and jammers are illegal to use or to have in a motor vehicle.[13] HRK 2000 (€270) fine if using a jammer. Only confiscation for a detector.
Czech Republic Detectors legal, jammers illegal. Fine up to CZK 200,000 (€7750), penalty points. Ka
Egypt Detectors and jammers are illegal.
Estonia Illegal to use or have in a motor vehicle. Fine up to €1150 as well as confiscation of the device.
Finland Illegal to use or have in a motor vehicle on a public road. The fine depends on income. The detector will be confiscated. For average net income of 2200 €/month, the fine would be around 640 € plus possible speeding ticket.[14] Ka
France Detectors and jammers are illegal to own, use or sell.[9] Regardless of whether they are used or not, police there may confiscate radar detectors, operational or not, and impose substantial fines. K 24.125 GHz,
Laser
Germany Legal to own, illegal to use in a moving vehicle €75 fine, 4 Points, destruction of the radar detector.[15]
Greece Illegal €2000 fine, 30 day driver's license suspension, 60 days car registration license suspension and 5 SESO penalty points[16]
Hungary Detectors: legal. Jammers: legal to own, illegal to use.
India Illegal
Iceland Legal Radar jammers are illegal.
Ireland Illegal Law Refers to 'Speed Meter Detectors', Introduced 1991. No fixed penalty for possession, expect confiscation and hefty fine.[17]
Israel Detectors legal as of 2000. Jammers still illegal. Some cellular providers such as Pelephone actually provide radar detecting as a service powered by GPS[18] Ka, Laser
Italy Illegal
Japan Legal
Jordan Illegal Regardless of whether they are used or not, police there may confiscate radar detectors, operational or not. Laser (possibly others)
Kazakhstan Legal X, K, Ka, X POP, Ka POP, Laser
Latvia Legal to own, illegal to use in a vehicle 57 EUR fine and the detector will be confiscated. K, POP Ka, Laser
Lithuania Detectors: legal. Jammers: legal to own, illegal to use. X, POP K, Laser
Malaysia Illegal to possess, purchase, sell or use. Heavy fines apply. Radar detectors are also prohibited items under customs laws.
Mexico Legal in most states Forbidden in Mexico City (Distrito Federal), 200 USD fine and impoundment of the vehicle.
Netherlands Illegal €420 fine and seizure of the device (since 2004)[19]
New Zealand Legal Ka and Laser used also fixed speed camera and speed camera vans (Low Powered K Band)
North Korea Illegal Confiscated in border controls along South Korea and China borders, and in airports.
Norway Illegal to use. (Legal to own, sell, and buy) 8000-10000 krone fine and seizure of the device.[20]
Pakistan Legal
Philippines Legal
Poland Legal to own, illegal to use in a moving vehicle Jammers illegal X, K, Pulse K, Ka Narrow, Laser
Portugal Illegal to own and/or use in a vehicle Law enforcement authorities can confiscate radar detectors and apply a fine.
The Portuguese Tax and Customs Authority can seize any imported radar detectors.
Radar jammers are also illegal.
Romania Legal since 2006 Radar jammers still illegal[21] Instant-On K
Russia Detectors legal, jammers illegal. The national system for measuring the speed of vehicles and cars. National ranges work radars in X and Ku. Instant-On (Pulse) X(10,2-10,65 GHz), Ku(13,56-13,62Ghz) POP K, Laser (0,8-1,1 mkm)
Saudi Arabia Illegal
Serbia Illegal to purchase, use, possess, sell or advertise Illegal to use or have in possession in a vehicle in traffic, to sell or advertise: an apparatus or any other means of detecting or interfering with operation of vehicle speed measuring devices, or any other apparatus used for discovering and reporting traffic violations[22]
Singapore Illegal to possess, purchase, sell or use. Heavy fines apply. Radar detectors are also prohibited items under customs laws.
Slovenia Legal Laser jammers illegal (fine up to €500 and confiscation of the device).
South Africa Illegal to use in a moving vehicle Importing a unit is permitted under South African customs regulations.
South Korea Legal
Spain Radar Detectors illegal, jammers illegal. Radar and Laser jammers fine up to €6000.
Radar detectors fine up to 3 points from the driving license and €200.[23]
Ka narrow, laser, Autovelox
Switzerland Illegal[9] 660SFr fine. Radar detectors may be confiscated and destroyed. The use of any GPS-based device to locate speed cameras is also illegal.
Taiwan Legal
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: zh:中華民國法律註解/道路交通管理處罰條例/第40條#1986年5月13日全文修正5月21日公布
Effective 1 July 1987, radar detectors used in motor vehicles risked being administratively fined 1200 to 2400 new Taiwan dollars and confiscated. Effective 1 July 2006, radar detectors would no longer be banned in motor vehicles. X, K, Ku, Laser (Possibly others)
Turkey Illegal Radar jammers are illegal
UAE Illegal
United Kingdom Legal, although prior to 1998 the Police would attempt prosecutions under the Wireless and Telegraphy act 1949, laser jammers are still a grey area in the use of them. [9]
United States Law varies from state to state,[24] but detectors are generally legal in private vehicles under the Communications Act of 1934[25] and illegal in commercial vehicles by DOT regulation (49 CFR 392.71). Exceptions:
Detectors are Illegal in all vehicles: Virginia, Washington D.C., U.S. military bases[26]
Illegal in commercial vehicles under state law: Illinois, New York, New Jersey (specifically, commercial vehicles over 10,000 pounds (4,500 kg) and all vehicles over 18,000 pounds (8,200 kg)) Also illegal in all commercial vehicles over 10000 lbs under US federal law
Prohibitions against affixing items to windshield - "obstructing vision"): Minnesota, California[27]
Repealed: Connecticut (repealed in 1992)[28]
Confiscation and/or destruction of the detector was once a common practice but lawsuits raised by drivers arguing violation of property rights have resulted in temporary removal while a citation is written, then return of the device after its description (make, model and serial number) has been entered on the ticket - usually for speeding and possession/operation of a detector. Use of a radar/lidar detector on a military installation is prohibited. Persons entering a military installation with one visibly mounted to the sun visor or windshield will be asked to remove it and put it away. Those who refuse will be denied entry onto the installation at that time. Military law enforcement may not stop a vehicle solely for a detector being in use, but along with being stopped for another moving violation, active duty personnel using a detector may be ordered to report the violation to his/her unit commanding officer.
Radar jammers are not allowed under federal rule, but laser jammers are not specifically banned. Ten states are specifically banning laser jammers: California, Colorado, Illinois, Minnesota, South Carolina, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, and Virginia. Radar detectors are not banned in the aforementioned states (Excluding Virginia).[29][30]
X, K, Ka, Laser
See also[edit]
Laser jammer
Road safety
Traffic enforcement camera
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Simicon : CORDON". aiactive.com. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
Jump up ^ "Radar Detector GPS". GadgetReview.com. Retrieved 2016-02-22.
Jump up ^ "Radar Detector Detector (RDD)". Radar.757.org. Archived from the original on 2010-06-20. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
Jump up ^ "FCC Ban". Radarjammer.com. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
Jump up ^ "Communications Act of 1934" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-10-17.
Jump up ^ "Radar Speed Trap Warning Apparatus (Licence)". Hansard. 1967-03-02. Retrieved 2010-04-25. a pocket-sized instrument is being produced by Marchant House Limited of New Street, Oadby, Leicester, to be used in motor vehicles to give instant warning of a police radar speed trap ... Anyone wishing to use this type of apparatus would require a licence under the Wireless Telegraphy Act, 1949. The firm in question has recently been informed that I am not prepared to issue a licence for such purposes
Jump up ^ "Road Traffic (Miscellaneous) Variation Regulations 2003". SA State Government. 2003.
Jump up ^ "Traffic Infringement Notice". Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources. Archived from the original on 2007-12-22.
^ Jump up to: a b c d google.co.uk
Jump up ^ "De Standaard 2006-07-20". De Standaard. 2006-07-20.
Jump up ^ "United States Department of State: Consular Information Sheet for Canada". Travel.state.gov. Archived from the original on 2008-09-13. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
Jump up ^ bonjourquebec.com
Jump up ^ "Promet". mup.hr (in Croatian). Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 2006-11-07. Retrieved 2010-01-30.
Jump up ^ "Sakkolaskuri". Archived from the original on 2013-08-21. Retrieved 2013-11-20.
Jump up ^ "Bußgeldkatalog Anl. 8 Nr. 247". Archived from the original on 2013-09-06. Retrieved 2014-01-24.
Jump up ^ "proxeiro_kok.indb" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-10-17.
Jump up ^ "Irish Statute Book S.I. No. 50/1991 — Road Traffic (Speed Meter Detectors) Regulations, 1991". Irishstatutebook.ie. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
Jump up ^ pelephone.co.il
Jump up ^ "Dutch Ministry of the Attorney General - Speed and violations". Archived from the original on 2014-03-26.
Jump up ^ "Ofte stilte spørsmål om fart" (in Norwegian). politiet.no (Norwegian Police). 21 August 2009. Archived from the original on 29 July 2013. Retrieved 24 November 2009.
Jump up ^ "OUG 63/2006 Art. 44 Al.4-5".
Jump up ^ "Zakon o bezbednosti saobraćaja na putevima, SLUŽBENI GLASNIK: 41-09 (Art. 29)". Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-12-14.
Jump up ^ http://www.elconfidencial.com/motor/2014-05-04/llevar-detector-de-radar-nos-costara-200-euros-y-3-puntos-del-carne_124276/
Jump up ^ "Radar Detectors - AAA Digest of Motor Laws". AAA Digest of Motor Laws. Retrieved 2016-12-22.
Jump up ^ "Mobile Scanner & RADAR-Detector Laws In The United States". Afn.org. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
Jump up ^ DoD Traffic Safety Program
Jump up ^ "Windshield Mount Law". Garmin.com. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
Jump up ^ "Connecticut Repeals Detector Ban" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-11-18.
Jump up ^ "USA Laser Jammer Laws - Guys of LIDAR". www.guysoflidar.com. Retrieved 2016-12-13.
Jump up ^ "Frequently Asked Questions about Radar Detectors". Vortex Radar. 2015-12-03. Retrieved 2016-12-13.
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