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List of The Seven Deadly Sins episodes
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The Seven Deadly Sins is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Nakaba Suzuki.[1][2] The series debuted on MBS and other Japan News Network stations on October 5, 2014. The series follows Elizabeth, the third princess of the Kingdom of Liones, who is in search of the Seven Deadly Sins, a group of former Holy Knights who were disbanded after the kingdom was overthrown. She enlists the help of Meliodas and Hawk, the captain of the Seven Deadly Sins and his talking pet pig, to assemble the remaining members of the Seven Deadly Sins and take back the kingdom from the Holy Knights. The show's first opening theme song is "Netsujō no Spectrum" (熱情のスペクトラム, Netsujō no Supekutoramu, "Spectrum of Passion") performed by Ikimono-gakari for the first twelve episodes and the second opening theme is "Seven Deadly Sins" performed by Man with a Mission, while the first ending theme titled "7-Seven" is a collaboration between Flow and Granrodeo, the second ending theme from episode thirteen onwards is "Season" the major label debut of Alisa Takigawa.[3][4] A second season of the anime series was confirmed on September 27, 2015, to air in January 13, 2018.
An original video animation (OVA) titled "Ban's Additional Chapter" (バンの番外編, Ban no Bangai-hen) was included with the limited edition of volume 15 of the manga, released on June 17, 2015.[5] A second OVA composed of nine humorous shorts was shipped with the limited edition of the sixteenth volume of the manga, released on August 12, 2015.[6]
The first The Seven Deadly Sins anime series was licensed for English release by Netflix as its second exclusive anime, following their acquisition of Knights of Sidonia.[7] All 24 episodes were released on November 1, 2015 in both subtitled or English dub formats.
The Seven Deadly Sins: Revival of The Commandments first opening theme song titled Howling is a collaboration between Flow and Granrodeo and first ending theme song is Beautiful performed by Anly.

Contents
[hide]
1 Episode list
1.1 The Seven Deadly Sins
1.2 The Seven Deadly Sins: Signs of Holy War
1.3 The Seven Deadly Sins: Revival of The Commandments
2 OVAs
3 References
Episode list[edit]
The Seven Deadly Sins[edit]
No.
Title
Original air date
1
"The Seven Deadly Sins"
"Nanatsu no Taizai" (七つの大罪) October 5, 2014
Elizabeth Liones, the third princess of the Kingdom of Liones, is on a mission to find the Seven Deadly Sins, a group of extremely powerful but dangerous group of Holy Knights who are now wanted criminals for supposedly betraying the kingdom. She finds Meliodas, the owner of a bar named the Boar Hat, accompanied by his pet companion Hawk, a talking pig. When attacked by apprentice Holy Knight Twigo, Meliodas quickly overcomes the opponent, but reveals his identity in the process as the Dragon's Sin of Wrath and the captain of the Seven Deadly Sins. Meliodas and Hawk join Elizabeth on her journey to find the other Deadly Sins in order to defeat the Holy Knights, who have orchestrated a coup d'état to overthrow the king.
2
"The Sword of the Holy Knight"
"Seikishi no Ken" (聖騎士の剣) October 12, 2014
Holy Knight Gilthunder plants his sword in the center of a town named the Bernia Village, thus preventing the town from making the Bernia Ale, the primary source of income. After innumerable unsuccessful attempts by the villagers to remove the sword, which blocked the water source, Meliodas easily removes the object. A celebration is held at the Boar Hat, and Meliodas is hailed as a savior of the Bernia Village. Gilthunder, wanting to confirm whether the removal of his sword was an accident or not, throws a spear imbued with his power towards the town. However, Meliodas easily stops and throws the spear back, destroying Fort Solgales. Meliodas, Elizabeth and Hawk decide to proceed to the Forest of White Dreams.
3
"The Sin in the Sleeping Forest"
"Nemureru Mori no Tsumi" (眠れる森の罪) October 19, 2014
Meliodas, Elizabeth, Hawk travel to the Forest of White Dreams, which even the Holy Knights avoid. The Prankster Imps that inhabit the Forest of White Dreams attempt to confuse them by impersonating Hawk and Elizabeth in order to lead them astray. After defeating the Prankster Imps, the three follow them and find a giant girl named Diane, the Serpent's Sin of Envy, asleep in the forest. Gilthunder suddenly arrives and binds all of them with his lightning magic. Meliodas battles Gilthunder, purposely allowing the Holy Knight to defeat him. Under the pretense of dying due to the severe injury, Meliodas acquires information about the whereabouts of two members of the Seven Deadly Sins, Ban and King, as his apparent last wish.
4
"A Little Girl's Dream"
"Shōjo no Yume" (少女の夢) October 26, 2014
After Diane throws Gilthunder out of the forest, Meliodas, Elizabeth, Hawk and Diane head toward Baste Dungeon, where Ban, the Fox's Sin of Greed, is imprisoned. On the way there, they decide to pass by Dalmary Town, where a doctor named Dana treats Meliodas with some medicine for his injuries. Diane and Elizabeth both show care for Meliodas, but they envy each other due to their opposites in strength and size. The town is suddenly attacked by insects controlled by Friesia, a Holy Knight belonging to the infamous Weird Fangs, but the insects are quickly destroyed by Diane, who makes her way to Baste Dungeon. Dana unexpectedly reveals to Elizabeth that the medicine is a deadly poison, while Golgius appears out of the blue to escort Elizabeth back to the Kingdom of Liones. Meanwhile, Ban escapes from his cell, but Jericho fails to subdue him.
5
"Even If You Should Die"
"Tatoe Anata ga Shindemo" (たとえあなたが死んでも) November 2, 2014
As Golgius attempts to take Meliodas's sword, Meliodas awakens with no sign of being poisoned, proceeding to blast an aura that causes Golgius to flee. Meliodas, Elizabeth and Hawk find Golgius, who stabs Dana through the back and then attacks the three using his power of invisibility. Once Meliodas forces Golgius to retreat by horse, Meliodas later consoles Elizabeth after she blames herself for the death of Dana, whose daughter Sennett is imprisoned inside Baste Dungeon. When Meliodas, Elizabeth and Hawk set off to Baste Dungeon, they encounter Diane, who suddenly attacks them after succumbing to hypnosis by Ruin at the sound of his bell. As they run away from Diane, involving a pair of shepherds along the way, Meliodas soon succumbs to hypnosis as well and fights Diane. Meanwhile, Ban strips Jericho of her armor to wear for himself, but is subsequently stabbed in the chest by Jude.
6
"The Poem of Beginnings"
"Hajimari no Uta" (はじまりの詩) November 9, 2014
As Meliodas and Diane continue to fight each other under hypnosis, Friesia attacks the young shepherd with her insects. When Elizabeth risks her life to protect the young shepherd, the latter is revealed to be Ruin. After Elizabeth manages to break off the bell from Ruin's staff, Meliodas and Diane regain their senses, soon defeating Ruin and Friesia, respectively. Meanwhile, Ban overpowers Jude and kills him, despite being pierced through the chest. Meliodas, Elizabeth, Hawk and Diane make it to Baste Dungeon to rescue Sennett, but Meliodas and Ban cause the destruction of the structure during their happy reunion. The six of them regroup back at Dalmary Town, where Dana, revealed to still be alive, treats them to a meal as a courtesy. Meanwhile, King, the Grizzly's Sin of Sloth, is shown to be allied with Gilthunder.
7
"A Touching Reunion"
"Kandō no Saikai" (感動の再会) November 16, 2014
During a flashback, Ban seeks for the Fountain of Youth deep inside the Fairy King's Forest, but he is repeatedly thwarted by Elaine, Holy Maiden of the Fountain of Youth. However, Elaine realizes that Ban is different from other humans. Ban wants the Fountain of Youth in hopes of gaining something good in his life. In the present, Meliodas, Elizabeth, Hawk, Diane and Ban make plans to go to the Capital of the Dead. Ban wanders off in a nearby village and encounters King, in which the former does not recognize the latter at first. The two start fighting until the others find Ban, causing King to fly away in silence. As Meliodas, Elizabeth, Hawk, Diane and Ban later set off to the Capital of the Dead, they go to a field of flowers, which sends them to their destination. However, King follows them there and chases Ban, who sees a glimpse of Elaine from a distance.
8
"The Fearsome Pursuer"
"Osorubeki Tsuisekisha" (恐るべき追跡者) November 23, 2014
King petrifies Ban after revealing that Elaine is actually his sister. During another flashback, Ban tries to protect Elaine while confronting a red demon that is destroying the Fairy King's Forest. However, after Elaine gets hurt, she sacrifices her life by ingesting the Fountain of Youth into Ban to allow him to defeat the red demon. In the present, Holy Knight Guila enters the Capital of the Dead and battles Meliodas and Diane, while Elizabeth and Hawk run away to safety. Elaine, first unseen to King, releases Ban from petrification with a kiss. Ban joins Meliodas and Diane in the battle against Guila, while Elaine tells King to understand Ban and save him. After being informed by Elizabeth and Hawk about the battle that is going on, King executes a surprise attack from behind through Ban to strike Guila.
9
"Dark Pulse"
"Ankoku no Myakudō" (暗黒の脈動) November 30, 2014
King overpowers and single-handedly defeats Guila using his Sacred Treasure, the Spirit Spear Chastiefol. As Meliodas, Elizabeth, Hawk, Diane, Ban and King return to the village, King tells the others that his Sacred Treasure unlocks his full potential in combat. However, Meliodas sold his, Diane lost hers and Ban got his stolen. Meliodas, Ban and King head to the Merchant Town Vaizel during the annual fighting festival, in which the grand prize happens to be Diane's Sacred Treasure, the War Hammer Gideon. Meanwhile, Great Holy Knight Hendrickson summons Jericho and Twigo underground, offering them blood from the corpse of a red demon as a means of enhancing their strength. Twigo explodes after drinking the blood, but Jericho manages to survive the excruciating experience.
10
"The Vaizel Fighting Festival"
"Baizeru Kenka Matsuri" (バイゼル喧嘩祭り) December 7, 2014
The fighting festival starts with an elimination round that results in eight contestants left standing. The first round of the quarterfinals is Holy Knight Griamore versus "Matrona", in which Matrona manages to break Griamore's barrier and send him flying. Matrona is revealed to be a shrunken Diane wearing Elizabeth's clothing. Diane and Elizabeth previously encountered a giant mushroom called a Chicken-Matango that shrunk them both when it felt threatened. The second round is Holy Knight Hauser versus three-time champion Taizoo, in which the former defeats the latter with one punch. The third round is King versus Cain Barzad, a drunken old man. Since King is powerless without his weapon, Cain easily knocks King out of the ring. The final round is Meliodas versus Ban, and Hauser learns from Griamore that the two are members of the Seven Deadly Sins.
11
"Pent-Up Feelings"
"Sekinen no Omoi" (積年の想い) December 14, 2014
Meliodas and Ban engage in a fierce fight that shakes the ground beneath them, equally matched due to their incredible strength and agility. However, Meliodas grabs onto Ban's wrist and blasts him out of the ring, thereby winning the round. The first round of the semifinals is Diane versus Hauser, in which Hauser goes all out with his windy punches, but Diane does a body slam on Hauser and wins the round. The second round is Cain versus Meliodas, in which Cain believes that Meliodas betrayed the kingdom in the past. When Meliodas says that he did not betray the kingdom, Cain trusts Meliodas and forfeits the round. The round of the finals is Diane versus Meliodas, while Guila and Jericho are making their way towards Vaizel.
12
"Bloodcurdling Cannon"
"Senritsu no Kanon" (戦慄のカノン) December 21, 2014
Guila and Jericho interrupt the tournament and cause terror upon the merchant town. King subdues Guila and Jericho after Meliodas and Ban are defeated by them, but King is later overwhelmed by Holy Knight Helbram, who was disguised as tournament referee Love Helm. Meanwhile, Elizabeth returns to her normal size and stumbles upon her elder sister Veronica Liones, who scolds Elizabeth for being involved with Meliodas. Veronica then traps Meliodas inside Goddess Amber, a stone specifically made to seal demonic beings. Elizabeth runs away with Meliodas's sword and Goddess Amber, while Griamore temporarily restrains Guila and Jericho. Veronica catches up to Elizabeth and shields her from an explosion made by Guila, which causes Veronica to pass away. When Elizabeth calls out for Meliodas, he emerges from within Goddess Amber with a darker side to him.
13
"The Angel of Destruction"
"Hakai no Shito" (破壊の使徒) January 11, 2015
With his true power finally shown, Meliodas clashes with Helbram, who takes note on how Meliodas hones his dark abilities. After managing to defeat Meliodas, Helbram steals Meliodas's sword. Ban takes Elizabeth, Hawk and King to safety, while Diane returns to her normal size and wields Gideon with attacks that crumble the earth, forcing Helbram to retreat with Guila and Jericho in tow. Elizabeth embraces Meliodas after he is rescued by Diane, later lamenting the death of Veronica. Ban and King express their motives behind taking back the kingdom. With his sword now stolen, Meliodas vows to end the ongoing war once and for all.
14
"A Reader of Books"
"Hon o Yomu Hito" (本を読むひと) January 18, 2015
News about several sightings of an Armor Giant somewhere in Ordan Forest reaches Helbram, who quickly sends Dawn Roar, an elite group of Holy Knights, to search for the Armor Giant. Meanwhile, Guila visits her younger brother Zeal, and she later kills three thugs who bullied him for his spare change. Meliodas and his friends split up in the nearby village. Elizabeth and Hawk encounter a boy named Alan, who is looking for some glue to repair armor. Upon hearing the low growls that echo in the forest, Meliodas, Ban and King find the Armor Giant being surrounded by Dawn Roar, but Meliodas, Ban and King are no match against Dawn Roar. Just as it seems that the Armor Giant is about to be slain, Alan intercepts and reveals himself as Gowther, the Goat's Sin of Lust.
15
"Unholy Knight"
"Anhōryi Naito" (アンホーリィ・ナイト) January 25, 2015
Gowther gives the head of the Armor Giant to the members of Dawn Roar in order to convince them to withdraw from battle. However, the demon breaks through the armor and attacks Meliodas, Ban, King and Gowther. Meliodas lowers his guard upon noticing a Holy Knight merged into the demon's chest, but Gowther uses his Sacred Treasure, the Twin Bow Herritt, to stop the demon. Meanwhile, Cain visits Elizabeth in the Boar Hat, where he tells her the story of Liz, a knight from an enemy kingdom who became Meliodas's past lover after he saved her from being sentenced to death. Ban gouges out the heart of the Holy Knight, recognized as Guila's father Dale, yet the demon still remains alive. Elizabeth rushes to Meliodas and gives him Liz's sword left behind, which allows him to destroy the demon. It is realized that Dale was one of Hendrickson's failed demon experiments.
16
"The Legends, Provoked"
"Karitaterareru Densetsu-tachi" (駆り立てられる伝説たち) February 1, 2015
Gowther is welcomed by the others into their group, but he soon finds out the true secrets behind them by delving deep into their memories and emotions. Meanwhile, Hendrickson and Helbram have the hilt of Meliodas's sword in possession, in which they plan to use it as a fragment of a ritual relic, known as the Coffin of Eternal Darkness, to resurrect the red demon race as a means to start a holy war. At the Boar Hat, Holy Knight Vivian suddenly appears and kidnaps Elizabeth and Hawk. Diane throws Meliodas, Ban and Gowther toward the Kingdom of Liones, where the three are bombarded by an army of Holy Knights on the north side of the castle. However, Arthur Pendragon, the young king of Camelot, has approached the south side of the castle with his own army.
17
"The First Sacrifice"
"Saisho no Gisei" (最初の犠牲) February 8, 2015
Hendrickson tries to convince Arthur to leave the castle, but to no avail. Instead, Hendrickson escorts Arthur inside the castle and suddenly engages him in battle. Meanwhile, Elizabeth and Hawk are teleported inside the dungeon of the castle, and they try to find a way out. Meliodas, Ban and Gowther manage to defeat the army and sneak inside a town of the kingdom, while King summons his black hound Oslow to use its mouth to teleport Diane inside the castle. However, Diane is attacked by Guila, Jericho, Gilthunder, Hauser, Helbram and Great Holy Knight Dreyfus. Diane tries to defend herself, but Dreyfus overpowers her with an attack that sends her crashing onto the town streets. After Diane wander the streets and protects Zeal from being crushed by a falling building, both Hauser and Guila switch sides to defend Diane.
18
"Even If It Costs Me My Life"
"Kono Inochi ni Kaete mo" (この命にかえても) February 15, 2015
The combined powers of Hauser and Guila have little to no effect. When Dreyfus attacks Guila, Gowther saves Guila in the nick of time and faces Dreyfus alone. Meanwhile, Elizabeth and Hawk encounter Margaret Liones, Elizabeth's eldest sister, in a cell. Vivian appears, teleporting Hawk elsewhere, knocking Elizabeth unconscious and releasing Margaret from her cell. Gowther traps Dreyfus in a nightmare, but Dreyfus somehow snaps out of it and pierces Gowther in the chest. Once a heavily injured Dreyfus leaves with Gilthunder, Helbram attempts to finish Diane off, but King appears and stops Helbram, who reveals himself as a fairy and King's former best friend. Helbram uses his magical tree roots to restrain King and inflict brutal lashes on Diane. However, King uses Chastifol to shield Diane from getting hurt. King says that he is fulfilling a promise that he made seven hundred years ago.
19
"The Fairy King Waits in Vain"
"Machibōke no Yōseiō" (まちぼうけの妖精王) February 22, 2015
In the past, King met Diane when she was a child inside a cave, and they bonded as friends for many decades, though it seemed like just a few days have passed. King gradually recovered his memories, remembering that his fairy race was killed by a man wearing an eyepatch named Aldrich. When a nearby village was attacked, King left Diane with the promise that he would return. Helbram, who took on the form of Aldrich, was behind the attack due to his hatred of humans. After subduing Helbram by piercing a white rose through him, King was sentenced to a thousand years in prison, taking responsibility for the attack. In the present, King manages to defeat Helbram, who is finally able to rest in peace and atone for his grudge against humans. Meanwhile, after Arthur is overwhelmed by Hendrickson, Meliodas jumps in the scene.
20
"The Courage Charm"
"Yūki no Majinai" (勇気のまじない) March 1, 2015
Gilthunder leaves Dreyfus to fight Meliodas alone, while Hendrickson deals with Arthur and ultimately defeats him. Meanwhile, Elizabeth wakes up in a chamber and finds her father, King Bartra Liones. Meliodas then finds himself outmatched against Gilthunder, Hendrickson and Vivian. At the same time, Margaret decides to take her own life by jumping off a castle tower. Margaret and Gilthunder are both released from their curse in the form of monsters, thanks to Meliodas. While Margaret is thus saved from falling, Hendrickson tries to finish Meliodas off, but Gilthunder stands in the way and knocks down Hendrickson at full force. Vivian tries to trap Meliodas, Gilthunder, Margaret and Arthur in illusionary places, but Merlin, the Boar's Sin of Gluttony, makes her first appearance and breaks the spell.
21
"The Looming Threat"
"Ima, Soko ni Semaru Kyōi" (今、そこにせまる脅威) March 8, 2015
Hawk finds Ban in the catacombs underneath the kingdom, where Ban makes contact with a goddess vessel through the Horn of Cernunnos. Ban is granted the request of resurrecting Elaine, but only with the condition that he kills Meliodas. Meanwhile, Meliodas, Merlin, Gilthunder, Margaret and Arthur enter the chamber where Elizabeth and Bartra are being held captive. Merlin takes Arthur and Bartra to Camelot to safety, but Hendrickson soon causes an explosion in the chamber, showing himself embedded in darkness and causing terror in the town with the experimented Holy Knights turned into demons. After Hendrickson gravely injures Meliodas and Gilthunder with his sword, Elizabeth agrees to go with Hendrickson in order to stop a bloodbath. When Ban and Hawk find Meliodas, Ban suddenly severs Meliodas's right arm. Upon seeing Meliodas reattaching his arm using dark magic, Ban deduces that Meliodas is from the demon race.
22
"What I Can Do for You"
"Kimi no Tame ni Dekiru Koto" (君のためにできること) March 15, 2015
Hawk tries to shake some sense into Ban, who will stop at nothing to kill Meliodas. Although Ban is fixated on resurrecting Elaine, Meliodas orders him to settle matters later, and Hawk takes Meliodas to find Elizabeth. Dreyfus, who wants to atone for his crimes, challenges Hendrickson to a duel. However, Elizabeth is accidentally injured in the process. Diane, Ban, King, Gowther, Gilthunder and Hauser destroy the demons in the town. Meliodas and Hawk arrive and find the injured Elizabeth, just after Hendrickson kills Dreyfus by melting him in acid. As Hawk takes Elizabeth to safety, Meliodas engages in combat against Hendrickson. Meliodas is soon joined by his friends and allies, who all prepare to take Hendrickson down.
23
"Despair Descends"
"Zetsubō Kōrin" (絶望降臨) March 22, 2015
Hendrickson unveils the source of his power, the corpse of a red demon, which is the same one that Ban slayed in the Fairy King's Forest long ago. After Ban pummels Hendrickson through the ground, Meliodas, Ban, King and Gowther jump down the hole to a cave, where Hendrickson injects himself with the blood from the corpse of a gray demon to acquire even more power. A sudden burst of energy from Hendrickson sends the four of them back above ground, where Hendrickson easily overpowers all of his opponents despite all of their efforts. With Meliodas left standing and protecting Elizabeth, Hendrickson casts a large dark blast, but Hawk sacrifices himself in order to save the two of them. Shocked of losing her dear friend, Elizabeth awakens her dormant powers that repels Hendrickson and heals everyone else. However, Hendrickson survives and still has strength left in him to fight.
24
"The Heroes"
"Eiyū-tachi" (英雄たち) March 29, 2015
The Seven Deadly Sins and the Holy Knights all combine forces in an attempt to defeat Hendrickson. Meliodas, given support from his friends and allies, uses his ultimate technique to finish Hendrickson off. When Bartra appears with Merlin, he commands the Holy Knights to restore the kingdom and preserve its people as their "punishment" for starting a holy war. Bartra then thanks the Seven Deadly Sins for saving the kingdom and protecting Elizabeth. Hawk is revived as a piglet, much to a surprise. Things return to normal inside the kingdom, and a festival is held at night. The next day, Elizabeth joins Meliodas, Hawk, Diane, Ban, King, Gowther and Merlin in finding the last member of the Seven Deadly Sins, Escanor, the Lion's Sin of Pride.
The Seven Deadly Sins: Signs of Holy War[edit]
No.
Title[8]
Original air date
1
"The Dark Dream Begins"
"Kuroki Yume no Hajimari" (黒き夢のはじまり) August 28, 2016
Elizabeth Liones goes to the Boar Hat, where all her friends are still asleep following the festival. After Elizabeth is greeted by Hawk outside, Meliodas introduces her to a meat pie made with vegetables that looks like Hawk, but it turns out to be unfit for human consumption. Meliodas has the idea of using pork as the main ingredient, which causes Hawk to make haste out of the bar. Meliodas comes up with a contest for his friends, in which he will obey any order for a day from whoever catches Hawk first. However, Hawk manages to outsmart them due to his small size. Hawk returns to the Boar Hat and eats food scraps made by Ban, who is declared the winner as a result. At night, Meliodas takes Elizabeth back to the palace while also assuring that his purpose in life is to protect her. Meliodas then goes to the catacombs to see the Horn of Cernunnos. When the goddess vessel taunts him for his reputation as a demon, Meliodas destroys the Horn of Cernunnos in retaliation.
2
"Our Fighting Festival"
"Futari no Ken'ka Matsuri" (二人の喧嘩祭り) September 4, 2016
Ban walks up to a mountaintop to finally settle matters with Meliodas, but the former is surprised to see Elizabeth and Hawk as well as the other members of the Seven Deadly Sins and the Holy Knights as part of an audience. Merlin casts a gigantic cubic barrier around Meliodas and Ban in order for the spectators to safely watch the fight. Meanwhile, King and Hauser have their own fight to win the attention of Diane. Ban initiates a brutal attack on Meliodas that somehow weakens most of the spectators. The fight ends in a stalemate after the two of them exchange rapid punches that cause the barrier to break. They remain friends and head back down to the Boar Hat for a drink.
3
"In Pursuit of First Love"
"Hatsukoi o Oikakete" (初恋を追いかけて) September 11, 2016
King still hesitates to confess his feelings for Diane. Meanwhile, Diane leaves the Boar Hat and heads to a construction site in town, recalling the devastating collateral damage she caused due to her immense size. The construction workers there apologize to her and thank her for saving the kingdom. When King comes to see Diane, the two decide to play a game of tag across town. Outside a church, a wedding ceremony is interrupted by a demon, in which Diane and King combine their skills in defeating the demon. King asks Diane if she regained her memories, and she answers him with a kiss on his cheek. The moment is ruined when a brick suddenly falls on his head, and he later wakes up next to her, having forgotten what they did during the day.
4
"The Shape of Love"
"Ai no Katachi" (愛のかたち) September 18, 2016
Merlin agrees to be a waitress at the Boar Hat, but first she wants Meliodas and Gowther to follow Gilthunder to find out if he is being stalked by someone. Meanwhile, Gilthunder, Hauser and Griamore are each hit with falling debris in the streets, unaware of the situation. Gowther is distracted by a boy named Pelliot, who asks him to retrieve a fat cat off a roof. Since Gowther reminds Pelliot of his mother, who recently passed away, Gowther transforms into Pelliot's mother for a moment and disappears when Pelliot's father finds Pelliot. Meliodas finds Gilthunder, Hauser and Griamore at a restaurant, where he purposely spills coffee to expose Vivian, revealed as the stalker. Merlin punishes Vivian by planting a cursed ring on her finger, which will bring pain to her each time the curse is activated, and Merlin explains that the Ten Commandments are the highest class in the demon race. At the Boar Hat, Merlin quits her job as a waitress, while Hawk and Gowther fill in for the position, much to the guys' dismay.
The Seven Deadly Sins: Revival of The Commandments[edit]
No.
Title
Original air date
0
"The Seven Deadly Sins Revival of The Commandments -Prologue-"
"Nanatsu no Taizai Imashime no Fukkatsu -Joshō-" (七つの大罪 戒めの復活 -序章-) January 6, 2018
A recap of the first season with additional scenes.
1
"Revival of the Demon Clan"
"Majin-zoku Fukkatsu" (魔神族復活) January 13, 2018
After the defeat of demonized Hendrickson, The Seven Deadly Sins are commended for their bravery and courage by King Bartra. However, just before the ceremony, Ban and King leave. Earlier, Ban had told Meliodas that he is quitting the Seven Deadly Sins. As Ban leaves the Boar Hat Bar, King sees him and asks where he is going. Ban tells King that he wants to go to the Fairy King Forest. King then accompanies Ban on his journey. Meanwhile, it is reveals that Hendrickson has survived the assault from the Sins and he is shocked upon seeing Dreyfus alive. Dreyfus then summons the Commandments, ten demonized warriors who intend to destroy the Sins.
2
"Existence and Proof"
"Sonzai to Shōmei" (存在と証明) January 20, 2018
The Ten Commandments are in the process of recovering their magical powers and fly to the Kingdom of Edinburgh in the east. Meanwhile, Jericho is discovered following Ban and King on the journey to the Fairy King's Forest. In the forest, the fairy people call King a traitor because he left the Fairy King's Forest 700 years ago, his absence allowing the forest to be almost entirely destroyed, while Ban is called the new Fairy King because he planted the last Sacred Tree seed that Elaine entrusted to him. Diane and Elizabeth admit to each other their love for King and Meliodas respectively. Meanwhile Gowther, believing he needs to experience love, alters Guila's memories so she forgets Zeal is her brother and thinks Gowther is her boyfriend, while Zeal, who Gowther considers a barrier between himself and Guila, loses his entire memory. Gowthers manipulation of their memory enrages Diane and she attacks him without hesitation.
3
"Sacred Treasure Lostvayne"
"Jingi Rosutovuein" (神器ロストヴェイン) January 27, 2018
Diane defeats Gowther. The Ten Commandments discover the remains of a magical explosion and conclude it was caused by Meliodas. Gowther restores Guila’s memories. Merlin temporarily returns Gowther to his original form, a 6 inch tall wooden doll, and gives him to Slader for safekeeping. Sensing a magical disturbance Merlin transports the Boar Hat to Camelot which is being attacked by a giant Golem which Meliodas recognises as Albion, a magical weapon created by the Demon Clan, which awoke after it sensed the return of the Commandments. Meliodas breaks the sword he received from Liz so Merlin gives him back his sacred treasure, the sword Lostvayne, which she had retrieved from the pawn shop he sold it to. With Lostvayne returned Meliodas destroys the golem instantly. In the Fairy Kings Forest King and Jericho are surprised when the trees begin growing rapidly, which they realise is due to Ban feeding the forest with his blood which contains water from the Fountain of Youth, something the other fairies reveal he does every few years in honour of Elaine’s memory. The forest is suddenly attacked by another Albion Golem.
4
"The Ten Commandments on the Move"
"Jikkai Shidō" (〈十戒〉始動) February 3, 2018
As the Golem begins destroying the forest King battles to protect the new Sacred Tree. Gerheade, the traditional servant of all past fairy kings, refuses to acknowledge Ban as king of the Fairies. She is surprised when Ban agrees with her, as he never wanted to be king. But, rather than let him leave the forest, she attacks him, knowing that he would risk himself to protect Elaine’s body and traps him, intending to use him as the new Fountain of Youth. King fails to stop the Golem and is injured while the Sacred Tree is destroyed for a second time. Gerheade prevents King from attacking the Golem while the other fairies rush to fight it, sacrificing themselves so King can escape, for as long as King is alive the forest will always grow again. King, however, refuses to flee, gaining strength from his desire to protect the forest, fairies, and even Ban he succeeds in transforming Chastiefol into its True Spirit Spear form and destroys the Golem. Back in Camelot as they recover from destroying the Golem they are attacked by Galand, one of the Ten Commandments, who is at least several times stronger than Meliodas.
5
"Overwhelming Violence"
"Attōteki Bōryoku" (圧倒的暴力) February 10, 2018
Merlin notices that Galand’s magical abilities are still sealed away, giving hope they can defeat him. Ban uses his blood to restore the Sacred Tree and to heal King. Ban threatens to kill Gerheade if she ever tries to harm Elaine’s body again and then departs with Jericho, refusing King’s request to re-join the Sins. Galand easily overpowers both Meliodas and Diane. Merlin attempts to trick him with a lie, but Galand, who is the Commandment of Truth, cannot be lied to and Merlin is turned to stone. Meliodas is forced to unleash his demonic power. The other nine commandments realise that the magical energy once abundant in the earth has been absorbed into the souls of living beings, and by absorbing human souls; they can recover their magic. Despite his increase in power, Meliodas is killed by Galand, Slader is impaled, Diane is wounded and Merlin’s statue is smashed. Galand departs, sparing Arthur, Elizabeth and Hawke. Gowther arrives in his human form. Gilthunder comes across a village where a Red Demon is harvesting souls for the Commandments. He destroys the demon, returning the souls to their humans. Before they can celebrate the village is attacked by a Grey Demon. Hendrickson suddenly appears to help Gilthunder defeat the Grey Demon.
6
"The Great Holy Knight Atones For His Sins"
"Tsugunai no Seikishi-chō" (償いの聖騎士長) February 17, 2018
Hendrickson reveals that Dreyfus is still alive. Hendrickson defeats the grey demon using a druid spell previously used by Gilthunder’s father, Zaratras. Hendrickson reveals that 10 years ago he and Dreyfus investigated the destroyed country of Danafor. They encountered a demon named Fraudrin who possessed Hendrickson. Unwilling to kill Hendrickson’s body, Dreyfus was forced to allow Flaudrin to live inside Hendrickson and eventually to murder Zaratras and frame the Sins as revenge against Meliodas who had defeated him 16 years ago when Fraudrin destroyed Danafor and murdered Meliodas’ lover, Liz. Meliodas awakens in Camelot with everyone healed except for Merlin. Gowther had tampered with Galand’s memory so he believed he killed everybody. Merlin, who had transferred her soul into her sacred treasure, the small crystal orb called "Morning Star Aldan", explains that all the Sins combined have a power level of 21,840, while Galand by himself had a power level of 26,000. This means if the Commandments succeed in regaining their magic their combined power level will be over 300,000. Meliodas decides to locate the final Sin, Escanor, the Lion’s Sin of Pride. King arrives wanting to see Diane, only to find Diane has amnesia and no longer remembers who anybody is, including King.
7
"Where the Memories Lead"
"Kioku ga Mezasu Basho" (記憶が目指す場所) February 24, 2018
Diane’s memory continues to disappear, suggesting her memories are being tampered with. Diane disappears and Gowther admits that after his fight with Diane over erasing Guila’s memories, he decided to erase Diane’s memories as part of an experiment. He fails to understand why everyone is upset with him. King throws him through a wall. The sins suspect Diane may be heading back to the giants village, Megadoza. A flashback to 16 years ago shows Diane with fellow warrior giants Matrona and Dolores. Dolores is scared of war and wants to leave Megadoza but is too afraid of humans. Diane encounters Meliodas for the first time and realises people exist who are friendly to giants. Diane rushes to tell Dolores but finds she has been killed after being sent on a dangerous mission by Matrona. Diane realises she wants more from life than constant war despite Matrona planning to train her to become chief. Matrona and Diane are hired by Holy Knight Gyannon to fight a war. However Gyannon betrays them, intending to kill Matrona and gain fame. Matrona kills Gyannon but is wounded by a poisoned spear. She urges Diane to keep growing stronger then dies in her arms.
8
"The Druids' Holy Land"
"Doruido no Seichi" (ドルイドの聖地) March 3, 2018
Merlin senses that the Commandments are close to Diane. Diane believes Matrona has only just died and is rushing back to Megadoza to tell her people, not realising 16 years have passed. Galand and fellow Commandment Monspeet come across Diane. As Monspeet is about to drain the magic from Diane she is saved by another giant resembling Matrona who knocks Diane unconscious and hides from the Commandments. Monspeet senses what he thinks is Meliodas and fires a powerful spell at him from hundreds of miles away. However the spell is swallowed by Hawks Mom, negating its power and shocking everybody who had no idea she could do that. The giant escapes with Diane but is now injured. Merlin reveals that many years ago she took most of Meliodas power as a precaution against him losing control and hid it in Istar, the Land of Druids, but now decides he needs it back. They reach Istar and meet the Druid leaders, twin sisters Jenna and Zaneri. Meliodas must pass a trial to regain his power. As Meliodas begins the trial he suddenly awakens in the past in Danafor before it was destroyed. He is greeted by Liz, who died years ago.
9
"The Promise with the Loved One"
"Ai suru Mono to no Yakusoku" (愛する者との約束) March 10, 2018
Ban and Jericho are searching for methods to revive the dead and are pointed to Ravens, the city of thieves, where a dead body was supposedly revived. As Meliodas undergoes his trial Elizabeth is given a trial to make a flower grow from a dead seed with healing magic. Meliodas is forced to relive happy memories of Liz and of the day she died, hundreds of thousands of times in the hope he learns to control his emotions. If he does not, the emotional strain on his heart will kill him. King and the others realize Hendrickson has been nearby the whole time, training with Gilthunder and his knights, and is human again. Rather than control his emotions Meliodas instead resolves to never again let a friend die like Liz and passes the trial. In Ravens Ban encounters a were-fox accused of raising the dead, though the fox insists it is untrue before collapsing. Ban recalls that as a child he was imprisoned for theft and met a man named Zhivago who offered to help him escape.
10
"What We Lacked"
"Bokutachi ni Kaketa Mono" (僕たちに欠けたもの) March 17, 2018
Hendrickson tells the Sins he is ready to accept whatever his punishment is, just as soon as they defeat the Commandments. In Ravens Ban remembers the second time he met Zhivago. Ban had been kidnapped by slavers but Zhivago saved him and taught him how to steal. Eventually Ban attempted a burglary by himself but was caught. The were fox, who is revealed to be Zhivago, was forced to choose between saving Therion, his were fox son, from hunters, or to save Ban. He chose to save Therion, who ended up being killed anyway, and he spent 30 years believing Ban also died. Ban reveals who he is and does not blame Zhivago for leaving him. Hendrickson, the knights and the other Sins are made to enter the training cave. Gilthunder and Howzer fight a dragon together. Gowther and Arthur battle a golem suit of armour. King enters the cave with Meliodas, who asks King to understand that Hendrickson did what he did because of Fraudrin, who Meliodas reveals is one of the Ten Commandments. King confronts Meliodas about being a member of the Demon Clan and questions whether Meliodas is even on their side before attacking him.
11
"Father and Son"
"Chichioya to Musuko" (父親と息子) March 24, 2018
Meliodas and King continue to fight each other. Ban talks to Zhivago and Jericho about his immortality and Elaine who he is determined to resurrect. Elsewhere in a cemetery a dead body digs its way out of its grave. Ban admits to his greatest regret, that he once tried to kill Meliodas in exchange for Elaine’s resurrection, and he hates himself even though Meliodas forgave him. Zhivago urges Ban to reconcile with Meliodas and tell him his real feelings. Zhivago then dies peacefully. King accuses Meliodas of being the Commandments secret ally. Meliodas questions whether King is a king at all, as the previous fairy kings had prominent wings, whereas King has none. The fairy twins stop them fighting before they can hurt each other. Meliodas promises to reveal the truth, eventually, so King decides to continue watching him. As they leave King senses sudden pain on his back. Meliodas regains his old power and has Merlin teleport him to the Commandments. He is challenged by Galand but with his power returned Meliodas easily beats him. He then gives the Commandments a warning, if they restart the war they lost 3000 years ago, Meliodas and the Sins will crush them.
12
"Where Love is Found"
"Ai no Arika" (愛の在り処) March 31, 2018
The Commandments spread out to towns and cities across the country to recover their magic. Meliodas plans to defeat the Commandments one at a time rather than together. Everyone completes their training except for Elizabeth who fails to make the dead seed grow. Jenna and Zaneri, who has an unrequited love for Meliodas, discuss how Elizabeth is the reincarnation of Liz, Meliodas’ deceased lover, and how Zaneri sabotaged Elizabeth’s training to try and separate Meliodas from her so he would never realise who she really is. Meliodas announces they still need to find Escanor, the Lion's Sin of Pride, who is supposedly even stronger than Meliodas. The resurrection of the dead is revealed to be the work of Melascula, the Commandment of Faith, who is resurrecting and corrupting dead souls to form an army. One of the souls she summons is Elaine, who also returns to life corrupted, and she immediately starts searching for Ban. King senses Elaine’s revival and rushes to the forest, refusing Meliodas’ help as he still does not trust him. As Ban and Jericho bury Zhivago they are attacked by a corpse, which Ban easily destroys. Elaine appears and reunites with Ban and they kiss passionately.
13
"Farewell, My Beloved Thief"
"Saraba Itoshiki Tōzoku" (さらば愛しき盗賊) April 14, 2018
OVAs[edit]
No.
Title
Original air date
1
"Bandit Ban"
"Bandetto Ban" (バンデット・バン) June 17, 2015
Somewhere in northern Britannia, Ban arrives at the Fairy King's Forest in search of the Fountain of Youth. He quickly climbs up the large majestic tree, and ends up meeting a mysterious young girl whom he ignores initially. He decides to ask her who she is, only to discover that she was the Guardian Saint protecting the fountain. Swiftly, she swings her hand and the winds blow Ban off the tree. However, Ban survives the fall and persistently continues to climb up again. He repeatedly climbs up and gets blown off, until both of them grows extremely annoyed. In order to obtain the fountain, Ban equips himself with his Nunchaku, leading Elaine to believe that he was planning to kill and steal like all other humans. To her surprise, he quickly grabs the Fountain of Youth and begins drinking. But before he could even take a sip, Elaine manipulates the tree branches and immobilizes him by grabbing all of his limbs. She then persuades him that without the Fountain of Youth, the forest itself will die. Astonishingly, Ban replies straightforwardly, stating that he understands. When Elaine decides to read his heart, she discovers that he really had the intentions of giving up. She releases him and the two begin to get to know each other. Ban tells her that the reason for stealing the fountain is to hope for something good to happen in his life. In response, she replies saying that she already lived for over 700 years, protecting the cup in place of her brother, King, who abandoned her. Ban decides to show her his ale label collection and the two bonded over a span of 7 days. Suddenly, when Ban was away, she quietly whispers that she wished that he had come to steal her instead of the Fountain of Youth. She was startled to discover Ban behind her and to have heard what she said, and to realize that they both had the similar thoughts and feelings. Out of the blue, a mysterious monster from the Demon Clan appears, burning the forest with its Purgatory Fire. Ban immediately confronts the monster after telling Elaine to escape with the fountain, and successfully robs one of its hearts. Not realizing that it had more than one heart, he lets down his guard and as a result, both of them gets severely injured by the monster. Both of them realizes that the only way to survive was to drink the Fountain of Youth, which means that only one of them could live. The two of them wanted each other to drink the fountain, hoping for their survival. In desperation, Elaine seemingly drinks the liquid, only to kiss Ban and deliver it to him directly. Ban immediately recovers from the injuries after consuming the liquid, and quickly defeats the monster in rage. Before passing away, Elaine gives him the forest's last seed and he repeats, Someday, I'll definitely make you mine. Sadly, before he was able to finish the phrase, she was gone. Later on, somewhere within the Kingdom of Liones, Ban is judged and sentenced to death for his apparent sins of destroying the Fairy King's Forest, taking the Fountain of Youth and killing the Guardian Saint. As the captain of the guard asked Ban if he has any last words before execution, Ban told everyone present that he is no longer "Bandit Ban" and "Undead Ban" is now his name.
2
"Heroes Fun Time -Extra Stories Compilation-"
"Eiyū-tachi no Tawamure -Bangai-henshū-" (英雄たちの戯れ -番外編集-) August 12, 2015
A series of short clips.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ アニメ「七つの大罪」10月より日5枠で放送 (in Japanese). Natalie. 2014-07-27. Retrieved 2014-07-27.
Jump up ^ "The Seven Deadly Sins Commercial Streamed". Anime News Network. 2014-07-27. Retrieved 2014-07-27.
Jump up ^ "The Seven Deadly Sins Anime's Theme Songs, Game Detailed". Anime News Network. 2014-08-12. Retrieved 2014-08-12.
Jump up ^ "Man With A Mission, Alisa Takigawa Perform The Seven Deadly Sins' New Songs". Anime News Network. 2014-12-21. Retrieved 2015-01-19.
Jump up ^ "The Seven Deadly Sins Manga to Bundle OVA Episode About Ban". Anime News Network. 2015-03-16. Retrieved 2015-03-16.
Jump up ^ "2nd Seven Deadly Sins OVA to Compile 9 Short Stories". Anime News Network. 2015-05-11. Retrieved 2015-05-11.
Jump up ^ Newman, Heather (2015-10-09). "Netflix To Announce Its Second Exclusive Anime Series Tomorrow: 'The Seven Deadly Sins'". Forbes. Retrieved 2015-10-13.
Jump up ^ "STORY" (in Japanese). Retrieved 2016-08-18.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_The_Seven_Deadly_Sins_episodes&oldid=833506037"
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Three Rings
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other uses, see Three Rings (disambiguation).
This article describes a work or element of fiction in a primarily in-universe style. Please help rewrite it to explain the fiction more clearly and provide non-fictional perspective. (January 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Middle-earth portal
In Tolkien's mythology, the Three Rings are magical artifacts forged by the Elves of Eregion. After the One Ring, they are the most powerful of the twenty Rings of Power.[1]
The Three Rings were made by Celebrimbor after Sauron, in the guise of Annatar, had left Eregion. These were free of Sauron's influence, as he did not have a hand in their making. However, they were still forged by Celebrimbor with the arts taught to him by Sauron and thus were still bound to the One Ring. Upon perceiving Sauron's intent, the Elves hid the three from him. They were carried out of Middle-earth at the end of the Third Age, after the destruction of the One Ring.
Contents
[hide]
1 Narya
2 Nenya
3 Vilya
4 Notes
5 References
Narya[edit]
The first ring, Narya, was adorned with a red gemstone, perhaps a ruby. It is seen in the final chapter of The Lord of the Rings, along with the other two Elven rings. But unlike them, it is not said what metal Narya was made of.
The name is derived from the Quenya nár meaning fire. It was also called Narya the Great, Ring of Fire, Red Ring, and The Kindler.
According to Unfinished Tales, at the start of the War of the Elves and Sauron, Celebrimbor gave Narya together with the Ring Vilya to Gil-galad, High King of the Noldor. Gil-galad entrusted Narya to his lieutenant Círdan, Lord of the Havens of Mithlond, who kept it after Gil-galad's death. According to The Lord of the Rings, Gil-galad received only Vilya, while Círdan received Narya from the very beginning along with Galadriel receiving Nenya from the start.
In the Third Age, Círdan, recognizing Gandalf's true nature as one of the Maiar from Valinor, gave him the ring to aid him in his labours. It is described as having the power to inspire others to resist tyranny, domination, and despair (in other words, evoking hope in others around the wielder), as well as giving resistance to the weariness of time.
Nenya[edit]
The second ring, Nenya, was made of mithril and adorned with a "white stone", presumably a diamond.[2] The name is derived from the Quenya nén meaning water. It is also called Ring of Adamant, Ring of Water and the White Ring.
The ring was wielded by Galadriel of Lothlórien, and possessed a radiance that matched that of the stars; while Frodo Baggins could see it by virtue of being a Ring-bearer, Samwise Gamgee tells Galadriel he only "saw a star through your fingers". (This appears in many editions as "finger"—which sounds more magical, since it suggests that her finger has somehow become transparent—but The Treason of Isengard, ch. 13, note 34, mentions it as an error.)
Nenya's power gave preservation, protection, and possibly concealment from evil because "there is a secret power here that holds evil from the land". However, the fact that Orcs from Moria entered Lórien after The Fellowship of the Ring and Lórien itself had suffered previous attacks from Sauron's Orcs sent from Dol Guldur suggests the power of the ring did not constitute military prowess. It was said that, protected as it was by Nenya, Lothlórien would not have fallen unless Sauron had personally come to attack it. Galadriel used these powers to create and sustain Lothlórien, but it also increased in her the longing for the Sea and her desire to return to the Undying Lands.
With the ring gone, the magic and beauty of Lórien also faded along with the extraordinary mallorn trees (save the one that Samwise Gamgee grew in Hobbiton) and it was gradually depopulated, until by the time Arwen came there to die in F.A. 121 it was deserted and in ruin.
Vilya[edit]
The third ring, Vilya, was made of gold and adorned with a "great blue stone", probably a sapphire. The name is derived from the Quenya vilya meaning air. It is also called, Ring of Air, Ring of Firmament, or Blue Ring.
It is generally considered that Vilya was the mightiest of these three bands (as mentioned in the ending chapter in The Return of the King). The exact power of Vilya is not mentioned. However, it is reasonable to speculate that it also possesses the power to heal and to preserve (it is mentioned in The Silmarillion that Celebrimbor had forged the Three in order to heal and to preserve, rather than to enhance the strengths of each individual bearer as the Seven, Nine, and the lesser rings did). Its power of healing may be particularly strong, as Elrond seems to be the greatest healer in Middle-Earth at the time of the Quest.[3] There is some speculation that the ring controlled minor elements, considering the event where Elrond had summoned a torrent of water as the Nazgûl attempted to capture Frodo and the One Ring.
When Sauron laid waste to Eregion, Vilya was sent to the Elven-king Gil-galad far away in Lindon, where it was later given to Elrond, who bore it through the later years of the Second Age and all of the Third. As Gil-galad was the High King of the Noldor elves at the time of the rings' distribution it was thought that he was best fit to care for the most powerful of the three Elven rings.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ The Silmarillion, "Now these were the Three that had last been made, and they possessed the greatest powers."
Jump up ^ This is never stated explicitly, although the usage of the word "adamant", an old synonym, is strongly suggestive.
Jump up ^ Tolkien, J.R.R., The Lord of the Rings, HarperCollins 1994, p. 845
References[edit]
Tolkien, J. R. R. (1977), Christopher Tolkien, ed., The Silmarillion, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age, ISBN 0-395-25730-1
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Fauna of India
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Part of a series on the
Wildlife of India
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Bengal tiger
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Elephas ganesa a fossil elephant from the Siwaliks
Illustration of a Himalayan quail from A. O. Hume's work. Last seen in 1876
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India has some of the world's most biodiverse regions. The political boundaries of India encompass a wide range of ecozones—desert, high mountains, highlands, tropical and temperate forests, swamplands, plains, grasslands, areas surrounding rivers, as well as island archipelago. It hosts 4 biodiversity hotspots: the Western Ghats, the Himalayas, the Indo-Burma region and the Sundaland[Includes Nicobar group of Islands].[1] These hotspots have numerous endemic species.[2]
India, for the most part, lies within the Indomalaya ecozone, with the upper reaches of the Himalayas forming part of the Palearctic ecozone; the contours of 2000 to 2500m are considered to be the altitudinal boundary between the Indo-Malayan and Palearctic zones. India displays significant biodiversity. One of seventeen megadiverse countries, it is home to 7.6% of all mammalian, 12.6% of all avian, 6.2% of all reptilian, 4.4% of all amphibian, 11.7% of all fish, and 6.0% of all flowering plant species.[3]
The region is also heavily influenced by summer monsoons that cause major seasonal changes in vegetation and habitat. India forms a large part of the Indomalayan biogeographical zone and many of the floral and faunal forms show Malayan affinities with only a few taxa being unique to the Indian region. The unique forms includes the snake family Uropeltidae found only in the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka. Fossil taxa from the Cretaceous show links to the Seychelles and Madagascar chain of islands.[4] The Cretaceous fauna include reptiles, amphibians and fishes and an extant species demonstrating this phylogeographical link is the purple frog. The separation of India and Madagascar is traditionally estimated to have taken place about 88 million years ago. However, there are suggestions that the links to Madagascar and Africa were present even at the time when the Indian subcontinent met Eurasia. India has been suggested as a ship for the movement of several African taxa into Asia. These taxa include five frog families (including the Myobatrachidae), three caecilian families, a lacertid lizard and freshwater snails of the family Potamiopsidae.[5] A thirty million year old Ologocene era fossil tooth from the Bugti Hills of central Pakistan has been identified as from a lemur-like primate, prompting controversial suggestions that the lemurs may have originated in Asia.[6][7] Lemur fossils from India in the past led to theories of a lost continent called Lemuria. This theory however was dismissed when continental drift and plate tectonics became well established.
The flora and fauna of India have been studied and recorded from early times in folk traditions and later by researchers following more formal scientific approaches (See Natural history in India). Game laws are reported from the third century BC.[8]
A little under 5% of this total area is formally classified under protected areas.
India is home to several well-known large mammals, including the Asian elephant, Bengal tiger, Asiatic lion, leopard and Indian rhinoceros. Some of these animals are engrained in culture, often being associated with deities. These large mammals are important for wildlife tourism in India, and several national parks and wildlife sanctuaries cater to these needs. The popularity of these charismatic animals have helped greatly in conservation efforts in India. The tiger has been particularly important, and Project Tiger, started in 1972, was a major effort to conserve the tiger and its habitats.[9] Project Elephant, though less known, started in 1992 and works for elephant protection.[10] Most of India's rhinos today survive in the Kaziranga National Park. Some other well-known large Indian mammals are: ungulates such as the water buffalo, nilgai, gaur and several species of deer and antelope. Some members of the dog family such as the Indian wolf, Bengal fox, golden jackal and the dhole or wild dogs are also widely distributed. It is also home to the striped hyaena. Many smaller animals such as macaques, langurs and mongoose species are especially well known due to their ability to live close to or inside urban areas.
Contents
[hide]
1 Diversity
2 Biodiversity hotspots
2.1 The Western Ghats
2.2 The Eastern Himalayas
3 Extinct and fossil forms
3.1 Recent extinctions
4 Species estimates
5 Taxonomic lists and indices
5.1 Animals
5.1.1 Invertebrates
5.1.2 Vertebrates
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
Diversity[edit]
There is insufficient information about the invertebrate and lower forms of India, with significant work having been done only in a few groups of insects, notably the butterflies, odonates, hymenoptera, the larger coleoptera and heteroptera. Few concerted attempts to document the biodiversity have been made since the publication of The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma series.
There are about 2,546 species of fishes (about 11% of the world species) found in Indian waters. About 197 species of amphibians (4.4% of the world total) and more than 408 reptile species (6% of the world total) are found in India. Among these groups the highest levels of endemism are found in the amphibians.
There are about 1,250 species of birds from India, with some variations, depending on taxonomic treatments, accounting for about 12% of the world species.[11]
There are about 410 species of mammals known from India, which is about 8.86% of the world species.[12]
India has the most number of cat species than any other country.[13]
The World Conservation Monitoring Centre gives an estimate of about 15,000 species of flowering plants in India.
Biodiversity hotspots[edit]
The Western Ghats[edit]
Main article: Western Ghats
The Western Ghats are a chain of hills that run along the western edge of peninsular India. Their proximity to the ocean and through orographic effect, they receive high rainfall. These regions have moist deciduous forest and rain forest. The region shows high species diversity as well as high levels of endemism. Nearly 77% of the amphibians and 62% of the reptile species found here are found nowhere else.[14] The region shows biogeographical affinities to the Malayan region, and the Satpura hypothesis proposed by Sunder Lal Hora suggests that the hill chains of Central India may have once formed a connection with the forests of northeastern India and into the Indo-Malayan region. Hora used torrent stream fishes to support the theory, but it was also suggested to hold for birds.[15] Later studies have suggested that Hora's original model species were a demonstration of convergent evolution rather than speciation by isolation.[14]
More recent phylogeographic studies have attempted to study the problem using molecular approaches.[16] There are also differences in taxa which are dependent on time of divergence and geological history.[17] Along with Sri Lanka this region also shows some fauna similarities with the Madagascan region especially in the reptiles and amphibians. Examples include the Sinophis snakes, the purple frog and Sri Lankan lizard genus Nessia which appears similar to the Madagascan genus Acontias.[18] Numerous floral links to the Madagascan region also exist.[19] An alternate hypothesis that these taxa may have originally evolved out-of-India has also been suggested.[20]
Bio geographical quirks exist with some taxa of Malayan origin occurring in Sri Lanka but absent in the Western Ghats. These include insects groups such as the plants such as those of the genus Nepenthes.
The Eastern Himalayas[edit]
The Eastern Himalayas is the region encompassing Bhutan, northeastern India, and southern, central, and eastern Nepal. The region is geologically young and shows high altitudinal variation. It has nearly 163 globally threatened species including the one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis), the Wild Asian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis (Arnee)) and in all 45 mammals, 50 birds, 17 reptiles, 12 amphibians, 3 invertebrate and 36 plant species. [21][22] The relict dragonfly (Epiophlebia laidlawi) is an endangered species found here with the only other species in the genus being found in Japan. The region is also home to the Himalayan newt (Tylototriton verrucosus), the only salamander species found within Indian limits.[23]
Extinct and fossil forms[edit]
During the early Tertiary period, the Indian tableland, what is today peninsular India, was a large island. Prior to becoming an island it was connected to the African region. During the tertiary period this island was separated from the Asian mainland by a shallow sea. The Himalayan region and the greater part of Tibet lay under this sea. The movement of the Indian subcontinent into the Asian landmass created the great Himalayan ranges and raised the sea bed into what is today the plains of northern India.
Once connected to the Asian mainland, many species moved into India. The Himalayas were created in several upheavals. The Siwaliks were formed in the last and the largest number of fossils of the Tertiary period are found in these ranges.[24]
The Siwalik fossils include mastodons, hippopotamus, rhinoceros, sivatherium, a large four-horned ruminant, giraffe, horses, camels, bison, deer, antelope, gorillas, pigs, chimpanzees, orangutans, baboons, langurs, macaques, cheetahs, sabre-toothed cats, lions, tigers, sloth bear, Aurochs, leopards, wolves, dholes, porcupines, rabbits and a host of other mammals.[24]
Many fossil tree species have been found in the intertrappean beds [25] including Grewioxylon from the Eocene and Heritieroxylon keralensis from the middle Miocene in Kerala and Heritieroxylon arunachalensis from the Mio-Pliocene of Arunachal Pradesh and at many other places. The discovery of Glossopteris fern fossils from India and Antarctica led to the discovery of Gondwanaland and led to the greater understanding of continental drift. Fossil Cycads[26] are known from India while seven Cycad species continue to survive in India.[27][28]
Titanosaurus indicus was perhaps the first dinosaur discovered in India by Richard Lydekker in 1877 in the Narmada valley. This area has been one of the most important areas for paleontology in India. Another dinosaur known from India is Rajasaurus narmadensis,[29] a heavy-bodied and stout carnivorous abelisaurid (theropod) dinosaur that inhabited the area near present-day Narmada river. It was 9 m in length and 3 m in height and somewhat horizontal in posture with a double-crested crown on the skull.
Some fossil snakes from the Cenozoic era are also known.[30]
Some scientists have suggested that the Deccan lava flows and the gases produced were responsible for the global extinction of dinosaurs however these have been disputed.[31] [32]
Himalayacetus subathuensis the oldest-known whale fossil of the family Protocetidae (Eocene), about 53.5 million years old was found in the Simla hills in the foothills of the Himalayas. This area was underwater (in the Tethys sea) during the Tertiary period (when India was an island off Asia). This whale may have been capable of living partly on land. [33] [34] Other fossil whales from India include Remingtonocetus approximately 43-46 million years old.
Several small mammal fossils have been recorded in the intertrappean beds, however larger mammals are mostly unknown. The only major primate fossils have been from the nearby region of Myanmar.
See also Geology of India
Recent extinctions[edit]
The exploitation of land and forest resources by humans along with hunting and trapping for food and sport has led to the extinction of many species in India in recent times.[citation needed]
Probably the first species to vanish during the time of the Indus Valley civilisation was the species of wild cattle, Bos primegenius nomadicus or the wild zebu, which vanished from its range in the Indus valley and western India, possibly due to inter-breeding with domestic cattle and resultant fragmentation of wild populations due to loss of habitat.[35]
Notable mammals which became or are presumed extinct within the country itself include the Indian / Asiatic cheetah, Javan rhinoceros and Sumatran rhinoceros.[36] While some of these large mammal species are confirmed extinct, there have been many smaller animal and plant species whose status is harder to determine. Many species have not been seen since their description. Hubbardia heptaneuron, a species of grass that grew in the spray zone of the Jog Falls prior to the construction of the Linganamakki reservoir, was thought to be extinct but a few were rediscovered near Kolhapur.[37]
Some species of birds have gone extinct in recent times, including the pink-headed duck (Rhodonessa caryophyllacea) and the Himalayan quail (Ophrysia superciliosa). A species of warbler, Acrocephalus orinus, known earlier from a single specimen collected by Allan Octavian Hume from near Rampur in Himachal Pradesh was rediscovered after 139 years in Thailand.[38][39] Similarly, the Jerdon's courser (Rhinoptilus bitorquatus), named after the zoologist Thomas C. Jerdon who discovered it in 1848, was rediscovered in 1986 by Bharat Bhushan, an ornithologist at the Bombay Natural History Society after being thought to be extinct.
Species estimates[edit]
Glimpses of biodiversity
An estimate of the numbers of species by group in India is given below. This is based on Alfred, 1998.[40]
Taxonomic Group World species Indian species % in India
PROTISTA

Protozoa 31250 2577 8.24
Total (Protista) 31250 2577 8.24
ANIMALIA

Mesozoa 71 10 14.08
Porifera 4562 486 10.65
Cnidaria 9916 842 8.49
Ctenophora 100 12 12
Platyhelminthes 17500 1622 9.27
Nemertinea 600
Rotifera 2500 330 13.2
Gastrotricha 3000 100 3.33
Kinorhyncha 100 10 10
Nematoda 30000 2850 9.5
Nematomorpha 250
Acanthocephala 800 229 28.62
Sipuncula 145 35 24.14
Mollusca 66535 5070 7.62
Echiura 127 43 33.86
Annelida 12700 840 6.61
Onychophora 100 1 1
Arthropoda 987949 68389 6.9
Crustacea 35534 2934 8.26
Insecta 853000 53400 6.83
Arachnida 73440
7.9
Pycnogonida 600
2.67
Pauropoda 360
Chilopoda 3000 100 3.33
Diplopoda 7500 162 2.16
Symphyla 120 4 3.33
Merostomata 4 2 50
Phoronida 11 3 27.27
Bryozoa (Ectoprocta) 4000 200 5
Endoprocta 60 10 16.66
Brachiopoda 300 3 1
Pogonophora 80
Praipulida 8
Pentastomida 70
Chaetognatha 111 30 27.02
Tardigrada 514 30 5.83
Echinodermata 6223 765 12.29
Hemichordata 120 12 10
Chordata 48451 4952 10.22
Protochordata (Cephalochordata+Urochordata) 2106 119 5.65
Pisces 21723 2546 11.72
Amphibia 7533 350 4.63
Reptilia 5817 456 7.84
Aves 9026 1232 13.66
Mammalia 4629 390 8.42
Total (Animalia) 1196903 868741 7.25
Grand Total (Protosticta+Animalia) 1228153 871318 7.09
Taxonomic lists and indices[edit]
A praying mantis
Harpegnathos saltator
An Idiopid spider endemic to India
Deccan mahseer Tor khudree
This section provides links to lists of species of various taxa found in India.
Animals[edit]
Invertebrates[edit]
Molluscs
List of non-marine molluscs of India
Arachnids
Spiders of India
Insects
Odonata
Dragonflies and damselflies of India
Lepidoptera
Butterflies of India
Papilionid butterflies of India
Pierid butterflies of India
Nymphalid butterflies of India
Lycaenid butterflies of India
Hesperid butterflies of India
Riodinid butterflies of India
Moths of India
Hymenoptera
Ants of India
Vertebrates[edit]
Fishes of India
Amphibians of India
Reptiles of India
Snakes of India
Birds of South Asia
Birds in India
Mammals of India
See also[edit]
Endemic birds of South Asia
Ecoregions in India
Indian natural history
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education
Flora and fauna of Karnataka
List of Indian state birds
Endangered Mammals of India
Flora of India
The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma.
Wildlife of India
Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
Endemic birds of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
India Nature Watch
Birding in Chennai
Birdwatchers' Field Club of Bangalore
Temple Reef
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt of India. "ENVIS Centre on Floral Diversity, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata, West Bengal". Retrieved 2017-04-18. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ [1] Archived 9 November 2005 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Dr S.K.Puri. "Biodiversity Profile of India (Text Only)". Retrieved 2007-06-20.
Jump up ^ Jean-Claude Rage (2003) Relationships of the Malagasy fauna during the Late Cretaceous: Northern or Southern routes? Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48(4):661-662 PDF Archived 14 December 2004 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Briggs, JC (2003) The biogeographic and tectonic history of India. Journal of Biogeography, 30:381–388
Jump up ^ Marivaux L., Welcome J.-L., Antoine P-O., Métais G., Baloch I.M., Benammi M., Chaimanee Y., Ducrocq S., and Jaeger J.-J. (2001) A fossil lemur from the Oligocene of Pakistan. Science, 294: 587–591.
Jump up ^ Oligocene Lemur fossil hints at Asian origin. Retrieved February 2007.
Jump up ^ Krausman, PR & AJT Johnsingh (1990) Conservation and wildlife education in India. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 18:342-347
Jump up ^ Project Tiger Accessed Feb, 2007
Jump up ^ Project Elephant Archived 19 January 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed Feb, 2007
Jump up ^ WCMC website Archived 28 November 2001 at the Library of Congress
Jump up ^ Nameer, PO (1998). Checklist of Indian mammals. Kerala Forest Department, Thiruvananthapuram
Jump up ^ Sharma, B. K.; Kulshreshtha, Seema; Rahmani, Asad R. (2013-09-14). Faunal Heritage of Rajasthan, India: General Background and Ecology of Vertebrates. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 482. ISBN 9781461408000.
^ Jump up to: a b Daniels, R. J. R. (2001) Endemic fishes of the Western Ghats and the Satpura hypothesis. Current Science 81(3):240-244
Jump up ^ Ripley, Dillon S. (1947) Avian relicts and double invasions in Peninsular India and Ceylon. Evolution 2:150-159
Jump up ^ Karanth, P. K. (2003) Evolution of disjunct distributions among wet-zone species of the Indian subcontinent: Testing various hypotheses using a phylogenetic approach Current Science, 85(9): 1276-1283
Jump up ^ Biswas, S. and Pawar S. S. (2006) Phylogenetic tests of distribution patterns in South Asia: towards an integrative approach; J. Biosci. 31 95–113
Jump up ^ affinities
Jump up ^ Bio geography of Madagascar
Jump up ^ Karanth, P. 2006 Out-of-India Gondwanan origin of some tropical Asian biota. Current Science 90(6):789-792
Jump up ^ Conservation International 2006 Archived 25 August 2006 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Ecosystem Profile: Eastern Himalayas Region, 2005
Jump up ^ Amphibian Species of the World - Desmognathus imitator Dunn, 1927 Archived 10 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b Prater, S. H. (1971) The Book of Indian Animals. BNHS
Jump up ^ Stewart R. Hinsley Notes on fossil wood. Retrieved September 2006.
Jump up ^ Robert Buckler (1999) A brief review of the fossil cycads. PDF
Jump up ^ Royal Botanical Gardens, Sydney, Australia
Jump up ^ Singh, Rita, P. Radha (2006) A new species of Cycas from the Malabar Coast, Western Ghats, India. Volume 58(2):119-123
Jump up ^ Rajasaurus and Indian Dinosaur. Geological Survey of India. PDF Archived 28 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Rage J.-C., Bajpai S., Thewissen J. G. M. & Tiwari B. N. 2003. Early Eocene snakes from Kutch, Western India, with a review of the Palaeophiidae. Geodiversitas 25 (4) : 695-716 PDF
Jump up ^ Floodvolcanism is the main cause of mass extinctions: Nice try, but where is the evidence? PDF
Jump up ^ Volcanism Archived 4 May 2006 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Whale fossils
Jump up ^ Bajpai, S. and Gingerich P.D. (1998) A new Eocene archaeocete (Mammalia, Cetacea) from India and the time of origin of whales Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:15464–15468 PDF Archived 22 December 2005 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Rangarajan, M. (2006) India's Wildlife History, p. 4 ISBN 81-7824-140-4
Jump up ^ Vivek Menon (2003). A field guide to Indian mammals. Dorling Kindersley, Delhi. ISBN 0-14-302998-3.
Jump up ^ IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) E-Bulletin - December 2002. Retrieved October 2006.
Jump up ^ Threatened birds of Asia Archived 13 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved October 2006.
Jump up ^ The Nation, March 6, 2007 Archived 27 May 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Alfred, J.R.B. (1998) Faunal Diversity in India: An Overview: In Faunal Diversity in India, i-viii Archived 10 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine., 1-495. (Editors. Alfred, JRB, et al., 1998). ENVIS Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta.
Further reading[edit]
SPECIES CHECKLIST: Species Diversity in India; ENVIS Centre: Wildlife & Protected Areas (Secondary Database); Wildlife Institute of India (WII)
Biodiversity of India: List of all mammals of India and their taxonomic status based on data from the IBIN Portal, Encyclopedia of Life and Catalogue of Life 2010 checklist.
ENVIS Centre: Wildlife & Protected Areas (Secondary Database); Wildlife Institute of India (WII)
ENVIS Centre on Conservation of Ecological Heritage and Sacred Sights of India; ENVIS; C.P.R. Environmental Education Centre is a Centre of Excellence of the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Animals of India.
Tata Energy Research Institute
Alliance for Zero extinction
The official Indian Environment information site
Biodiversity of India, a community-driven, Mediawiki based initiative to document the biodiversity of India.
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