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Game of Thrones (season 4)
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Game of Thrones (season 4)
Region 1 DVD artwork
Starring
See List of Game of Thrones cast
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
10
Release
Original network
HBO
Original release
April 6 (2014-04-06) – June 15, 2014 (2014-06-15)
Season chronology
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Season 3
Next →
Season 5
List of Game of Thrones episodes
The fourth season of the fantasy drama television series Game of Thrones premiered in the United States on HBO on April 6, 2014, and concluded on June 15, 2014. It was broadcast on Sunday at 9:00 pm in the United States, consisting of 10 episodes, each running approximately 50–60 minutes.[1] The season is adapted primarily from the second half of A Storm of Swords, along with elements of A Feast for Crows and A Dance with Dragons, all novels from the A Song of Ice and Fire series by George R. R. Martin.[2] The series is adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss. HBO ordered the fourth season on April 2, 2013, which began filming in July 2013. The season was filmed primarily in Ireland, Northern Ireland and Croatia.
The story takes place in a fictional world, primarily upon a continent called Westeros, with one storyline occurring on another continent to the east known as Essos. Like the novel, the season like the previous seasons mainly centres around the war of the five kings; after the death of Robb Stark at The Red Wedding, all three remaining kings in Westeros believe to have a claim to the Iron Throne. Meanwhile, at the wall, Jon Snow and the Night's Watch get ready for the battle against the free folk.
Game of Thrones features a large ensemble cast, including Peter Dinklage, Nikolaj Coster-Waldau, Lena Headey, Emilia Clarke and Kit Harington. The season introduced a number of new cast members, including Pedro Pascal, Indira Varma, Michiel Huisman and Dean-Charles Chapman.
Critics praised the show's production values and cast, with specific accolades for Dinklage's portrayal of Tyrion Lannister. Viewership yet again rose compared to the previous season. It won 4 of the 19 Emmy Awards for which it was nominated.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Episodes
3 Cast
3.1 Main cast
3.2 Guest cast
3.2.1 At and beyond the Wall
3.2.2 In the North
3.2.3 In the Vale
3.2.4 In King's Landing
3.2.5 On Dragonstone
3.2.6 In the Riverlands
3.2.7 In Braavos
3.2.8 In Slaver's Bay
4 Production
4.1 Crew
4.2 Casting
4.3 Filming
4.4 Music
5 Reception
5.1 Critical response
5.2 Ratings
5.3 Accolades
6 Release
6.1 Home media
6.2 IMAX
6.3 Copyright infringement
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
See also: Synopsis of A Song of Ice and Fire
In King's Landing, guests arrive for Joffrey Baratheon and Margaery Tyrell's wedding. Among those in attendance is Oberyn Martell, Prince of Dorne. After Joffrey is poisoned at his wedding by Margaery's grandmother, Olenna Tyrell, Cersei Lannister blames Tyrion for his death. Outraged at the kangaroo court presiding over his trial, Tyrion demands a trial by combat. Cersei chooses the Mountain as her champion and Oberyn offers to represent Tyrion. The trial ends in a victory for the Mountain and Tyrion is sentenced to death. Before he can be executed, Tyrion is freed by Jaime, who tells him Varys will smuggle him to the Free Cities. Tyrion, discovering that Shae had been sleeping with Tywin, strangles her to death before killing Tywin and fleeing Westeros.
Sansa Stark successfully escapes King's Landing with the help of Petyr Baelish. Baelish smuggles her to the Vale, where she comes into conflict with her jealous aunt, Lysa Arryn. After Lysa witnesses Littlefinger kissing Sansa, she attempts to throw Sansa through the Moon Door, only for Littlefinger to push Lysa to her death. When Littlefinger is interrogated, Sansa defends him.
Meanwhile, Arya Stark and Sandor Clegane make way for the Eyrie. The duo arrive at the Eyrie days after Lysa Arryn's death and are denied entry; they then encounter Brienne of Tarth and Podrick Payne, who have been tasked by Jaime to bring the Stark sisters to safety. Brienne and the Hound fight, ending with the Hound grievously wounded. Arya leaves him to die. She encounters a Braavosi ship captain, who gives her passage after she shows him the coin Jaqen H'ghar gave her, and saying "valar morghulis".
Bran Stark, accompanied by the Reeds and Hodor, continues trying to find the three-eyed raven. Despite being held up by the mutineers at Craster's Keep and a wight attack that kills Jojen, Bran finally meets the three-eyed raven.
At the Wall, Jon Snow tries to warn his leaders about Mance Rayder's impending attack. Jon must also contend with the mutineers at Craster's Keep, led by the deranged Karl Tanner. The Wildlings launch an attack on Castle Black, leading to the deaths of many. Jon goes beyond the Wall to assassinate Rayder, only to be spared by the sudden arrival of Stannis Baratheon and his forces, who overwhelm the Wildlings and rescue the Night's Watch. Davos Seaworth and Stannis had successfully negotiated with the Iron Bank of Braavos to shift their support from the Lannisters to the Baratheons.
In the North, Roose Bolton aims to cement his hold. He orders his hunter, Locke, to kill Jon Snow and track down Bran and Rickon Stark, and sends Ramsay Snow to take Moat Cailin. Ramsay uses Theon Greyjoy to secure Moat Cailin. Roose rewards Ramsay by legitimizing him as a Bolton, and moves his seat to the former Stark stronghold of Winterfell.
Across the Narrow Sea, Daenerys Targaryen continues her conquest of Slaver's Bay by taking control of Meereen. Daenerys decides to remain in Meereen to learn to rule. Daenerys discovers that her trusted advisor, Jorah Mormont, had spied on her for Robert Baratheon, and exiles him. Daenerys learns that her dragon Drogon has begun killing humans; while she is unable to capture Drogon, she chains her other two dragons.
Episodes[edit]
See also: List of Game of Thrones episodes
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
31
1 "Two Swords" D. B. Weiss David Benioff & D. B. Weiss April 6, 2014 (2014-04-06) 6.64[3]
Tywin oversees the reforging of Ice, the Stark ancestral sword, into two new swords, one for Jaime, who tries to deal with the loss of his sword hand and Cersei's love, and one for King Joffrey as a wedding present. Prince Oberyn Martell, on behalf of his brother, Prince Doran of Dorne, arrives in King's Landing with his paramour, Ellaria Sand, to attend the royal wedding and is welcomed by Tyrion. Oberyn openly reveals to Tyrion his motive for his visit: revenge against the Lannisters for the rape and murder of his sister, Elia, wife of Prince Rhaegar. In the North, while Styr and his group of cannibal Thenns reinforce Tormund, Ygritte, and the other wildlings, Jon is released by Maester Aemon after confessing what he did during his time with the wildlings to gain information. In the Riverlands, Arya and the Hound reclaim her sword, Needle, from Polliver, killing him and his men. In Essos, Daenerys leads her army on a march towards Meereen, the last of the three great slave cities, though she is troubled by how her dragons are becoming less tame as they grow.
32
2 "The Lion and the Rose" Alex Graves George R. R. Martin April 13, 2014 (2014-04-13) 6.31[4]
Roose Bolton returns to the Dreadfort, where he blames Ramsay for mistreating Theon, who has been brutalized into a subservient persona called 'Reek'. The former decides to find and kill the remaining Stark children, Bran and Rickon, who threaten the legitimacy of his new title, while tasking Ramsay to reclaim the territories under Ironborn occupation. In Dragonstone, Melisandre orders several people to be burned as a tribute to the Lord of Light, to the delight of Queen Selyse and the disgust of Davos and Shireen. In King's Landing, Tyrion ends his relationship with Shae to protect her from his family and has her shipped off to Pentos. Jaime begins training his left-handed swordplay with the help of Bronn. King Joffrey and Margaery Tyrell are wed. Later, at the Royal Wedding feast, tensions between Joffrey and Tyrion grow—just before the former succumbs to poisoned wine and dies. A grief-stricken Cersei accuses Tyrion of the murder and has him arrested, while Ser Dontos, a former knight, advises Sansa to leave with him in order to survive.
33
3 "Breaker of Chains" Alex Graves David Benioff & D. B. Weiss April 20, 2014 (2014-04-20) 6.59[5]
Tywin begins grooming Tommen to be the next king and enlists Oberyn and Mace Tyrell as his fellow judges for the impending trial of Tyrion, who decides to pick Jaime as his witness. Littlefinger, who hired Ser Dontos, kills him and smuggles Sansa out of King's Landing. In the Riverlands, Arya and Sandor encounter a benevolent farmer and his daughter, whom Sandor robs, to Arya's disgust. In Dragonstone, Davos tries to figure out how to replenish Stannis' depleted forces and requests a loan from the Iron Bank of Braavos to pay for a group of mercenaries called the "Golden Company". In the North, Sam, fearing for Gilly's safety, has her and the baby moved out of Castle Black to nearby Mole's Town. Meanwhile, the wildlings continue to raid northern villages. The Night's Watch receive word that the band of Night's Watch mutineers have set up camp at Craster's Keep. Jon tells the Watch to organize a party to attack the mutineers, as they cannot risk having any information about the weakness of Castle Black's defenses leak to Mance Rayder's approaching army. Daenerys lays siege to Meereen.
34
4 "Oathkeeper" Michelle MacLaren Bryan Cogman April 27, 2014 (2014-04-27) 6.95[6]
Daenerys successfully captures Meereen amidst a slave revolt and immediately seeks justice for the slain slave children by nailing 163 masters to posts. At sea, Littlefinger admits to Sansa that he was involved in Joffrey's death. In King's Landing, Olenna, who is planning to leave, also implies to Margaery that she was involved in the poisoning and convinces her to seduce Tommen before Cersei has a chance to turn him against her. Jaime meets with Tyrion and is convinced of his innocence. However, Cersei is adamant about Tyrion's guilt and orders Jaime to hunt down and kill Sansa. Jaime instead tasks Brienne with finding and protecting her, giving her both his Valyrian sword and Podrick as her squire. In the North, in an effort to get rid of Jon, Alliser Thorne and Janos Slynt conspire to allow Jon to lead an expedition against the mutineers, who have captured Bran's party and forced him to reveal his identity. Further north, a White Walker takes Craster's last newborn son to a secret ritual site, where he is transformed into a Walker.
35
5 "First of His Name" Michelle MacLaren David Benioff & D. B. Weiss May 4, 2014 (2014-05-04) 7.16[7]
Tommen is crowned king. Cersei meets with Margaery, Tywin, and Oberyn, hoping to sway them to her advantage in the coming trial against Tyrion. In the Vale, Littlefinger takes Sansa to the Eyrie, where she is to pose as his niece. He is then pressured to marry Lysa Arryn that same day. It is revealed that the pair killed Jon Arryn while framing the Lannisters. On the Kingsroad, the Hound catches Arya practicing her water dancing and angers her by mocking that fighting style and Syrio Forel. On the road, Brienne finds out that Podrick has no practical skills as a squire. However, she is impressed with the fact that he killed a Kingsguard in order to protect Tyrion. Beyond the Wall, Jon's group attacks the mutineers. Locke attempts to kidnap Bran in the confusion but is killed by Hodor, warged into by Bran. Bran and his company then continue their trek north while Jon's party kills all of the mutineers and burns down Craster's Keep. In Meereen, after Jorah informs her about the fallback to slavery of Astapor and Yunkai, Daenerys decides to postpone her invasion of Westeros to bring order to Slaver's Bay and pronounces herself queen.
36
6 "The Laws of Gods and Men" Alik Sakharov Bryan Cogman May 11, 2014 (2014-05-11) 6.40[8]
In Essos, Davos manages to convince the Iron Bank to back Stannis while also resecuring Salladhor Saan and his pirates to Stannis' cause. In Meereen, Daenerys attempts to take on her new role as queen as she listens to the requests of her subjects, including nobleman Hizdahr zo Loraq and a man whose goats were killed by Daenerys' increasingly uncontrollable dragons. In the Dreadfort, Yara leads an attack in an effort to rescue Theon, who refuses to come with her, forcing her to escape. Ramsay rewards Theon for being obedient and, in order to take Moat Cailin, tasks him to pretend to be "Theon" instead of "Reek". In King's Landing, Tywin puts a bounty on the Hound's head and instructs Varys to continue spying on Daenerys. Later that day, Tyrion is brought to trial for Joffrey's murder. However, all of the witnesses brought in testify against him, including Ser Meryn Trant, Grand Maester Pycelle, Cersei, Varys and, to Tyrion's shock, Shae, who gives a solid testimony. Angry, humiliated, and defeated, Tyrion demands a trial by combat.
37
7 "Mockingbird" Alik Sakharov David Benioff & D. B. Weiss May 18, 2014 (2014-05-18) 7.20[9]
Cersei appoints Gregor Clegane as her champion in the upcoming trial by combat, while both Jaime and Bronn refuse to fight for Tyrion. Oberyn steps up, seeking a chance to avenge Elia by killing the Mountain, who raped and killed her during the rebellion. Daenerys has sex with Daario before sending him off on a mission to deal with the resurgent slavers at Yunkai. Melisandre and Selyse prepare for their departure from Dragonstone, intending to take Shireen as well. Alliser Thorne rejects Jon's offer to seal the tunnel. Brienne and Podrick meet Hot Pie and learn of Arya's adventures. They then resolve to travel to the Vale, deducing she would go there in search of living relatives. In the Vale, Lysa is enraged when she witnesses Littlefinger kissing Sansa. Later, she threatens to push Sansa through the Moon Door, but Littlefinger intervenes and pushes Lysa to her death.
38
8 "The Mountain and the Viper" Alex Graves David Benioff & D. B. Weiss June 1, 2014 (2014-06-01) 7.17[10]
The wildlings attack Mole's Town. Gilly is discovered by Ygritte, who spares her. Ramsay forces Theon to get the Ironborn to surrender Moat Cailin. The Ironborn surrender in hopes of returning home but are flayed and slaughtered by Ramsay. As a reward for securing Moat Cailin, Roose legitimizes Ramsay as a Bolton. In the Vale, Sansa reveals to a council investigating Lysa's death her true identity and convinces the council of Littlefinger's innocence. While Littlefinger starts grooming Robin Arryn, Lysa's son, as the Lord of the Vale, the Hound and Arya arrive and are informed of Lysa's death. In King's Landing, the trial by combat starts. Oberyn gains the upper hand, but his desire to force the Mountain to confess his crimes gives the latter the chance to grab the former. He kills Oberyn by crushing his skull while confessing to the rape and murder of Elia. Tywin sentences Tyrion to death. In Essos, Barristan Selmy receives a letter intended for Jorah that pardons him as a reward for spying on Daenerys, who exiles him from Meereen as a result.
39
9 "The Watchers on the Wall" Neil Marshall David Benioff & D. B. Weiss June 8, 2014 (2014-06-08) 6.95[11]
The Night's Watch prepares for the wildling invasion. Gilly and her son arrive at Castle Black, where Sam hides them in an underground room. The wildlings attack from both sides. Tormund's army gets through from the south and engages the Night's Watch. One giant manages to break through the tunnel leading into Castle Black but is killed by Grenn and five others, at the cost of their own lives. Alliser Thorne goes to fight in the southern part, leaving Janos Slynt in charge. However, Slynt proves to be incompetent and is tricked into going down the main level, effectively leaving Jon in charge. After watching Jon kill Styr, Ygritte prepares to kill him but is shot by Olly. Jon holds her in his arms as she dies. With the help of Jon's direwolf, Ghost, the Night's Watch secure the ground level of Castle Black, leading to Tormund's arrest. The wall climbers are obliterated by a massive scythe launched by the Watch. The wildlings retreat but not for long, Jon predicts. Seeing no other choice, Jon goes beyond the Wall to find and kill Mance Rayder.
40
10 "The Children" Alex Graves David Benioff & D. B. Weiss June 15, 2014 (2014-06-15) 7.09[12]
Jon's negotiation with Mance Rayder is interrupted when Stannis and his army overrun the wildling camp, taking Mance as prisoner on the former's suggestion. Bran's party comes upon the large heart tree from his visions but is attacked by skeletal beasts, who kill Jojen; the others are saved by a child, who takes them to the three-eyed raven, revealed to be an old man. In the Vale, Brienne and Podrick come across Arya and the Hound, whom Brienne engages and critically wounds. He begs Arya to kill him, but she refuses and leaves with Brienne searching for her. She enters a ship headed to Braavos, intending to reunite with Jaqen H'ghar. Meanwhile, in King's Landing, Cersei orders Qyburn to do anything to save the Mountain, who is poisoned by Oberyn's blade. She gets involved with Jaime, who releases Tyrion. Tyrion later finds Shae in Tywin's bed and strangles her to death. He then confronts Tywin in the privy and kills him, escaping the city with Varys. In Meereen, Daenerys is visited by a citizen who brings the charred remains of his daughter, who was burned by Drogon. As a precaution, Daenerys chains her two other dragons in the catacombs.
Cast[edit]
See also: List of Game of Thrones characters
Peter Dinklage (Tyrion Lannister)
Nikolaj Coster-Waldau
(Jaime Lannister)
Lena Headey (Cersei Lannister)
Emilia Clarke (Daenerys Targaryen)
Kit Harington (Jon Snow)
Aidan Gillen (Petyr Baelish)
Charles Dance (Tywin Lannister)
Natalie Dormer (Margaery Tyrell)
Main cast[edit]
Peter Dinklage as Tyrion Lannister
Nikolaj Coster-Waldau as Jaime Lannister
Lena Headey as Cersei Lannister
Emilia Clarke as Daenerys Targaryen
Kit Harington as Jon Snow
Aidan Gillen as Petyr "Littlefinger" Baelish
Charles Dance as Tywin Lannister
Natalie Dormer as Margaery Tyrell
Liam Cunningham as Davos Seaworth
Stephen Dillane as Stannis Baratheon
Carice van Houten as Melisandre
Jack Gleeson as Joffrey Baratheon
Alfie Allen as Theon Greyjoy / "Reek"
Isaac Hempstead-Wright as Bran Stark
Sophie Turner as Sansa Stark
Maisie Williams as Arya Stark
John Bradley as Samwell Tarly
Rose Leslie as Ygritte
Kristofer Hivju as Tormund Giantsbane
Hannah Murray as Gilly
Rory McCann as Sandor "The Hound" Clegane
Gwendoline Christie as Brienne of Tarth
Iwan Rheon as Ramsay Snow / Ramsay Bolton
Conleth Hill as Varys
Jerome Flynn as Bronn
Sibel Kekilli as Shae
Iain Glen as Jorah Mormont
Guest cast[edit]
The recurring actors listed here are those who appeared in season 4. They are listed by the region in which they first appear:
At and beyond the Wall[edit]
Owen Teale as Alliser Thorne
Peter Vaughan as Maester Aemon
Brian Fortune as Othell Yarwyck
Dominic Carter as Janos Slynt
Ben Crompton as Eddison Tollett
Noah Taylor as Locke
Mark Stanley as Grenn
Josef Altin as Pypar
Luke Barnes as Rast
Burn Gorman as Karl Tanner
Brenock O'Connor as Olly
Lu Corfield as the Mole's Town madam
Lois Winstone as a Mole's Town prostitute
Ciarán Hinds as Mance Rayder
Yuri Kolokolnikov as Styr
Ian Whyte as Dongo
Joseph Gatt as a Thenn warg
Deirdre Monaghan as Morag
Jane McGrath as Sissy
Thomas Sangster as Jojen Reed
Ellie Kendrick as Meera Reed
Kristian Nairn as Hodor
Struan Rodger as the Three-Eyed Raven
Octavia Alexandru as Leaf
Richard Brake as the Night King
Ross Mullan as White Walkers
In the North[edit]
Michael McElhatton as Roose Bolton
Elizabeth Webster as Walda Bolton
Gemma Whelan as Yara Greyjoy
Charlotte Hope as Myranda
In the Vale[edit]
Lino Facioli as Robin Arryn
Kate Dickie as Lysa Arryn
Rupert Vansittart as Yohn Royce
Alisdair Simpson as Donnel Waynwood
In King's Landing[edit]
Dean-Charles Chapman as Tommen Baratheon
Julian Glover as Grand Maester Pycelle
Roger Ashton-Griffiths as Mace Tyrell
Finn Jones as Loras Tyrell
Diana Rigg as Olenna Tyrell
Pedro Pascal as Oberyn Martell
Indira Varma as Ellaria Sand
Ian Beattie as Meryn Trant
Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson as Gregor Clegane
Daniel Portman as Podrick Payne
Tony Way as Dontos Hollard
Paul Bentley as the High Septon
Anton Lesser as Qyburn
Will Tudor as Olyvar
Josephine Gillan as Marei
Pixie Le Knot as Kayla
On Dragonstone[edit]
Tara Fitzgerald as Selyse Florent
Kerry Ingram as Shireen Baratheon
In the Riverlands[edit]
Gary Oliver as Ternesio Terys
Andy Kellegher as Polliver
Andy Beckwith as Rorge
Gerard Jordan as Biter
Ben Hawkey as Hot Pie
In Braavos[edit]
Mark Gatiss as Tycho Nestoris
Lucian Msamati as Salladhor Saan
Sarine Sofair as Lhara
In Slaver's Bay[edit]
Michiel Huisman as Daario Naharis
Ian McElhinney as Barristan Selmy
Nathalie Emmanuel as Missandei
Jacob Anderson as Grey Worm
Joel Fry as Hizdahr zo Loraq
Reece Noi as Mossador
Production[edit]
On April 2, 2013, HBO announced it had renewed the series for a fourth season, to consist of 10 episodes.[13]
Crew[edit]
David Benioff and D. B. Weiss serve as main writers and showrunners for the fourth season. They co-wrote seven out of ten episodes. The remaining three episodes were written by Bryan Cogman (two episodes), and the author of A Song of Ice and Fire, George R. R. Martin (one episode).[14]
Benioff and Weiss co-directed the season premiere after making their directorial debut in season 3, although only Weiss is credited as Benioff received credit for their previous directed episode; Alex Graves, who directed two episodes in season 3, returned and directed episodes 2, 3, 8 and 10; Michelle MacLaren, who also directed two episodes in season 3, returned to direct episodes 4 and 5; former series cinematographer Alik Sakharov, who directed in seasons 2 and 3, returned to direct episodes 6 and 7; and Neil Marshall directed episode 9 after previously directing "Blackwater", the ninth episode of season 2.[15][16]
Casting[edit]
Pedro Pascal plays Oberyn Martell.
The fourth season adds previously recurring actors Gwendoline Christie (Brienne of Tarth), Iwan Rheon (Ramsay Snow), Kristofer Hivju (Tormund Giantsbane) and Hannah Murray (Gilly) to the series' main cast. Iain Glen's credit is moved last in the rotation and given the "With" moniker.
Prince Oberyn Martell, nicknamed "The Red Viper", is played by Chilean-American actor Pedro Pascal. "This was a tough one", said showrunners David Benioff and Dan Weiss about the casting. "The Red Viper is sexy and charming, yet believably dangerous; intensely likable, yet driven by hate. The boys love him, the girls love him, and he loves them all back. Unless your last name is Lannister. We found a fellow who can handle the job description and make it seem effortless. He wasn't easy to find and he won't be easy to stop".[17] Martin commented on the casting by saying: "I wasn't present for Pedro Pascal's audition, but I understand that he really killed it with his reading. And since his casting was announced, the producer of another TV show on which he appeared recently has written me to say how terrific Pascal is, and to congratulate us on the casting. So I suspect that he will turn out to be a wonderful Red Viper". Actress Indira Varma was cast as Ellaria Sand, Prince Oberyn's paramour.[18]
Roger Ashton-Griffiths joins the cast in the role of Mace Tyrell. "The lord oaf of Highgarden", as his mother describes him, is otherwise known as father to Margaery and Loras. His casting was confirmed by George R. R. Martin, who introduced the actor as the solution to a riddle he'd set fans with the following message, "Yes, it's the fine British character actor Roger Ashton-Griffiths, who has been cast in the role of Mace Tyrell, son to the Queen of Thorns, and father of Loras and Margaery".[19]
Mark Gatiss plays Tycho Nestoris, a representative of the Iron Bank of Braavos, to whom the Iron Throne owes millions in borrowed gold.[20] The role of Hizdahr zo Loraq is played by young British actor Joel Fry. Hizdahr is the young scion of an ancient Meereenese family who crosses paths with Daenerys Targaryen in Meereen.[21] Elizabeth Webster was cast as Fat Walda Frey. Walda Frey is a granddaughter of Lord Walder Frey. She is the new wife of Roose Bolton, the Lord of the Dreadfort. During the wedding feast of Edmure Tully and Roslin Frey, Lord Bolton recounts to Catelyn Stark and Ser Brynden "Blackfish" Tully how Lord Walder Frey proposed him to marry one of his granddaughters and offered her weight in silver as dowry. Lord Bolton then adds he chose the fattest bride available and she has made him very rich.[22]
Paola Dionisotti and Rupert Vansittart were cast as Lady Anya Waynwood and Bronze Yohn Royce.[23][24] They are the heads of House Waynwood and House Royce of Runestone: two powerful vassal houses of House Arryn. Yuri Kolokolnikov plays Styr: One of Mance Rayder's lieutenants and the Magnar – the name of the first ever Lord of Thenn which is now a title – of the Thenn people, a wildling clan.[25] Two mysterious characters from Bran's storyline have also been cast: the Three-Eyed Crow, who is played by Struan Rodger, and a Child of the Forest, played by Octavia Alexandru.
Roles that were recast for season 4 include Michiel Huisman as Daario Naharis. Huisman replaces Ed Skrein, who portrayed the character in season 3.[26] Dean-Charles Chapman plays the role of Tommen Baratheon, King Joffrey's younger brother. Tommen was played by Callum Wharry in seasons 1 and 2.[27] Chapman appeared as Martyn Lannister in two episodes of season 3 ("Walk of Punishment" and "Kissed by Fire"). Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson was cast as Ser Gregor Clegane, called "The Mountain". Hafþór replaces Ian Whyte, who portrayed the character in season 2.[28]
After an absence of at least a season, Owen Teale returns as Alliser Thorne, Kate Dickie as Lysa Arryn, Dominic Carter as Janos Slynt, Tony Way as Dontos Hollard, Andy Beckwith as Rorge, Gerard Jordan as Biter, Andy Kellegher as Polliver, Lino Facioli as Robin Arryn and Brian Fortune as Othell Yarwyck.
Filming[edit]
Filming for the season began on July 8, 2013, in Northern Ireland.[29] The series also returned to Iceland and Dubrovnik for filming.[30][31] New locations in Croatia include Diocletian's Palace in Split, Klis Fortress north of Split, Perun quarry east of Split, Mosor mountain, and Baška Voda further down to the south.[32] In the commentary for episode 2, "The Lion and the Rose," the showrunners revealed that parts of Joffrey's death scene had been filmed in California. The Thingvellir National Park in Iceland was used as the location for the fight between Brienne and The Hound.[33][34]
Filming for the season lasted 136 days and was completed on November 21, 2013.[35]
Music[edit]
Main article: Game of Thrones: Season 4 (soundtrack)
The Icelandic post-rock band Sigur Rós appears in the second episode, as a group of musicians serenading the royal couple at their wedding reception with "The Rains of Castamere." This continues the series's tradition of employing noted indie bands, begun in season 2 with The National and continued in season 3 with The Hold Steady.[36]
The soundtrack for the season was released digitally on June 10, 2014, and on CD on July 1, 2014.
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
The fourth season was acclaimed by critics. However, the third episode attracted criticism for the inclusion of a scene in which Jaime Lannister appears to be raping his sister and lover Cersei in the Great Sept of Baelor. In the source novel, Cersei verbally consents to the sexual encounter, but does not in the television portrayal.[37][38] The final episode was also criticised for the omission of the events of the epilogue of A Storm of Swords which was expected by fans to be the final scene.[39][40]
The review aggregator website Metacritic gave season 4 a score of 94 out of 100 based on 29 reviews, signifying "universal acclaim".[41] On Rotten Tomatoes, the fourth season has a 97% approval rating from 42 critics with an average rating of 9 out of 10; the season also received a 97% average episode score.[42]
Game of Thrones (season 4): Critical reception by episode
Season 4 (2014): Percentage of positive reviews tracked by the website Rotten Tomatoes[42]
Ratings[edit]
Season 4 obtained the strongest viewer numbers of all seasons aired up until that point, with a series high of 7.20 million viewers of the first airing of the seventh episode. With its fourth season, Game of Thrones has become the most-watched HBO series in history (surpassing the fourth season of The Sopranos which had a gross audience of 18.2 million viewers), averaging 18.4 million viewers across multiple platforms, including live viewing, encores, DVR views, HBO GO and On Demand views.[43]
Game of Thrones : U.S. viewers per episode (millions)
Season
Ep. 1
Ep. 2
Ep. 3
Ep. 4
Ep. 5
Ep. 6
Ep. 7
Ep. 8
Ep. 9
Ep. 10
Average
1
2.22 2.20 2.44 2.45 2.58 2.44 2.40 2.72 2.66 3.04 2.52[44]
2
3.86 3.76 3.77 3.65 3.90 3.88 3.69 3.86 3.38 4.20 3.80[44]
3
4.37 4.27 4.72 4.87 5.35 5.50 4.84 5.13 5.22 5.39 4.97[45]
4
6.64 6.31 6.59 6.95 7.16 6.40 7.20 7.17 6.95 7.09 6.84[46]
5
8.00 6.81 6.71 6.82 6.56 6.24 5.40 7.01 7.14 8.11 6.88[47]
6
7.94 7.29 7.28 7.82 7.89 6.71 7.80 7.60 7.66 8.89 7.69[48]
7
10.11 9.27 9.25 10.17 10.72 10.24 12.07 N/A 10.26[49]
Source: Nielsen Media Research[50][44][45][46][47][48][49]
Accolades[edit]
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones
For the 30th TCA Awards, the series was nominated for Outstanding Achievement in Drama and Program of the Year.[51] For the 4th Critics' Choice Television Awards, the series was nominated for Best Drama Series and Diana Rigg received a nomination for Best Guest Performer in a Drama Series.[52] For the 66th Primetime Emmy Awards, the series received 19 nominations, including Outstanding Drama Series, Peter Dinklage for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series, Lena Headey for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, Diana Rigg for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series, David Benioff and D. B. Weiss for Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series for "The Children", and Neil Marshall for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series for "The Watchers on the Wall".[53] For the 67th Writers Guild of America Awards, the series was nominated for Best Drama Series and George R. R. Martin was nominated for Best Episodic Drama for "The Lion and the Rose".[54] For the 21st Screen Actors Guild Awards, the cast was nominated for Best Drama Ensemble, Peter Dinklage was nominated for Best Drama Actor, and the series won for Best Stunt Team.[55] For the 72nd Golden Globe Awards, the series was nominated for Best Television Series – Drama.[56] For the 67th Directors Guild of America Awards, Alex Graves was nominated for Outstanding Directing – Drama Series for the episode "The Children".[57]
Year
Award
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Ref.
2014 AFI Awards AFI TV Award Game of Thrones Won [58]
TV Choice Awards Best International Show Game of Thrones Won [59]
Young Hollywood Awards We Love to Hate You Jack Gleeson Nominated [60]
[61]
Bingeworthy TV Show Game of Thrones Nominated
Artios Awards Outstanding Achievement in Casting – Television Series Drama Nina Gold Nominated [62]
EWwy Award Best Supporting Actress, Drama Maisie Williams Won [63]
Best Supporting Actor, Drama Charles Dance Nominated
Best Guest Actor, Drama Pedro Pascal Won
66th Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series Neil Marshall for "The Watchers on the Wall" Nominated [53]
Outstanding Drama Series "The Lion and the Rose", "Breaker of Chains", "First of His Name", "The Laws of Gods and Men", "The Watchers on the Wall", and "The Children" Nominated
Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series Peter Dinklage Nominated
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series Lena Headey Nominated
Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series David Benioff and D. B. Weiss for "The Children" Nominated
66th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards Outstanding Art Direction for a Single-Camera Fantasy Series Deborah Riley, Paul Ghirardani, and Rob Cameron for "The Laws of Gods and Men" and "The Mountain and the Viper" Won
Outstanding Casting for a Drama Series Nina Gold and Robert Sterne Nominated
Outstanding Cinematography for a Single-Camera Series Anette Haellmigk for "The Lion and the Rose" Nominated
Jonathan Freeman for "Two Swords" Nominated
Outstanding Costumes for a Series Michele Clapton, Sheena Wichary, Alexander Fordham, and Nina Ayres for "The Lion and the Rose" Won
Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series Diana Rigg Nominated
Outstanding Hairstyling for a Single-Camera Series Kevin Alexander, Candice Banks, Rosalia Culora, Gary Machin, and Nicola Mount for "The Lion and the Rose" Nominated
Outstanding Interactive Program Game of Thrones Premiere – Facebook Live and Instagram, by Sabrina Caluori, Paul Beddoe-Stephens, Jim Marsh, Michael McMorrow, Michael McMillian Nominated
Outstanding Makeup for a Single-Camera Series (Non-Prosthetic) Jane Walker and Ann McEwan for "Oathkeeper" Nominated
Outstanding Music Composition for a Series (Original Dramatic Score) Ramin Djawadi for "The Mountain and the Viper" Nominated
Outstanding Prosthetic Makeup for a Series Jane Walker and Barrie Gower for "The Children" Won
Outstanding Sound Editing for a Series Tim Kimmel, Jed M. Dodge, Tim Hands, Paula Fairfield, David Klotz, Bradley C. Katona, Brett Voss, Jeffrey Wilhoit, and Dylan T. Wilhoit for "The Watchers on the Wall" Nominated
Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Drama Series (One Hour) Ronan Hill, Richard Dyer, Onnalee Blank, and Mathew Waters for "The Watchers on the Wall" Nominated
Outstanding Special and Visual Effects Joe Bauer, Joern Grosshans, Steve Kullback, Adam Chazen, Eric Carney, Sabrina Gerhardt, Matthew Rouleau, Thomas H. Schelesny, and Robert Simon for "The Children" Won
Outstanding Stunt Coordination for a Drama Series Paul Herbert Nominated
Women's Image Network Awards Actress Drama Series Lena Headey Won [64]
19th Satellite Awards Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film Peter Dinklage Nominated [65]
Best Television Series – Genre Game of Thrones Nominated
4th Critics' Choice Television Awards Best Drama Series Game of Thrones Nominated [52]
Best Guest Performer in a Drama Series Diana Rigg Nominated
30th TCA Awards Outstanding Achievement in Drama Game of Thrones Nominated [51]
Program of the Year Game of Thrones Nominated
Gold Derby TV Awards 2014 Best Drama Series Game of Thrones Nominated [66]
Best Drama Supporting Actor Peter Dinklage Nominated
Charles Dance Nominated
Best Drama Supporting Actress Emilia Clarke Nominated
Lena Headey Nominated
Best Drama Guest Actor Pedro Pascal Won
Best Drama Guest Actress Diana Rigg Nominated
Best Drama Episode "The Lion and the Rose" Nominated
"The Watchers on the Wall" Nominated
Ensemble of the Year The cast of Game of Thrones Nominated
Hollywood Music in Media Awards Best Original Score - TV Show/Digital Streaming Series Ramin Djawadi Nominated [67]
Hollywood Professional Alliance Outstanding Sound Tim Kimmel, Onnalee Blank, Mathew Waters, Paula Fairfield, Brad Katona and Jed M. Dodge for "The Children" Nominated [68]
[69]
Outstanding Color Grading Joe Finley for "Mockingbird" Nominated
Outstanding Visual Effects Joe Bauer, Sven Martin, Jörn Grosshans, Thomas Schelesny, Matthew Rouleau for "The Children" Won
IGN Awards Best TV Episode "The Children" Nominated [70]
Best TV Series Game of Thrones Nominated
Best TV Drama Series Game of Thrones Won
IGN People's Choice Award Best TV Drama Series Game of Thrones Won
Best TV Episode "The Children" Nominated
Best TV Series Game of Thrones Nominated
Jupiter Award Best International TV Series Game of Thrones Won [71]
1st MTV Fandom Awards OMG Moment of the Year Game of Thrones - The Purple Wedding Won [72]
2015 Guinness World Records Most pirated TV program Game of Thrones Won [73]
People's Choice Awards Favorite TV Show Game of Thrones Nominated [74]
Favorite Cable Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Show Game of Thrones Nominated
ADG Excellence in Production Design Award One-Hour Single Camera Fantasy Television Series Deborah Riley for "The Laws of Gods and Men" and "The Mountain and the Viper" Won [75]
Cinema Audio Society Awards Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing – Television Series – One Hour Ronan Hill, Richard Dyer, Onnalee Blank, Mathew Waters, Brett Voss for "The Children" Won [76]
Canadian Society of Cinematographers TV Series Cinematography Robert McLachlan for "Oathkeeper" Nominated [77]
12th Irish Film & Television Awards Best Television Drama Game of Thrones Nominated [78]
Actor in a Supporting Role – Television Liam Cunningham Nominated
Best Sound Game of Thrones Nominated
SFX Awards Best Actress Maisie Williams Nominated [79]
Best Actor Peter Dinklage Nominated
Best Villain Charles Dance as Tywin Lannister Nominated
Biggest Disappointment No Hodor in Game Of Thrones season five Nominated
Best TV Show Game of Thrones Nominated
Best TV Episode The Mountain and the Viper Nominated
Screenwriters Choice Awards Best Television Drama Game of Thrones Nominated [80]
NewNowNext Awards Best New Television Actor Pedro Pascal Nominated [81]
Astra Awards Favourite Program – International Drama Game of Thrones Won [82]
American Society of Cinematographers Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Regular Series Anette Haellmigk for "The Children" Nominated [83]
Fabian Wagner for "Mockingbird" Nominated
20th Empire Awards Hero Award The cast of Game of Thrones Won [84]
British Academy Television Awards Radio Times Audience Award Game of Thrones Nominated [85]
Costume Designers Guild Awards Outstanding Period/Fantasy Television Series Michele Clapton for Game of Thrones Won [86]
Directors Guild of America Award Dramatic Series Alex Graves for "The Children" Nominated [57]
GLAAD Media Award Outstanding Drama Series Game of Thrones Nominated [87]
Golden Reel Award Best Sound Editing in Television, Short Form: FX/Foley Game of Thrones for "The Children" Won [88]
[89]
Best Sound Editing in Television, Short Form: Dialogue / ADR Game of Thrones for "The Children" Nominated
Best Sound Editing in Television, Short Form: Music Game of Thrones for "The Watchers on the Wall" Nominated
72nd Golden Globe Awards Best Television Series – Drama Game of Thrones Nominated [56]
Hugo Awards Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form David Benioff, Alex Graves, and D. B. Weiss for "The Mountain and The Viper" Nominated [90]
National Television Awards Multichannel show Game of Thrones Nominated [91]
Producers Guild Awards "The Norman Felton Award for Outstanding Producer of Episodic Television, Drama" David Benioff, Bernadette Caulfield, Frank Doelger, Chris Newman, Greg Spence, Carolyn Strauss, D. B. Weiss Nominated [92]
Saturn Award Best Limited Run Television Series Game of Thrones Won [93]
Best Performance by a Younger Actor on Television Maisie Williams Won
Best Supporting Actress on Television Emilia Clarke Nominated
21st Screen Actors Guild Awards Outstanding Action Performance by a Stunt Ensemble in a Drama Series Lucy Allen, Cole Armitage, Gary Arthurs, Rachelle Beinart, Ferenc Berecz, Richard Bradshaw, Andy Butcher, Michael Byrch, Neil Chapelhow, Nick Chopping, Jonathan Cohen, Joel Conlan, Gary Connery, James Cox, Tom Cox, Jason Curle, Nicholas Daines, Bill Davey, Kelly J. Dent, Ben Dimmock, Levan Doran, Jamie Edgell, Bradley Farmer, Neil Finnighan, Jozsef Fodor, Dean Forster, David Garrick, James Grogan, Tim Halloran, Paul Heasman, Robert Hladik, Al Holland, Gergely Horpacsi, Paul Howell, Stewart James, Gary Kane, Ian Kay, Robbie Keane, George Kirby, Cristian Knight, Laszlo Kosa, Geza Kovacs, Norbert Kovacs, Guy List, Phil Lonergan, Russell Macleod, Tina Maskell, Adrian McGaw, Nick McKinless, Erol Mehmet, Andy Merchant, Sian Milne, Daniel Naprous, Chris Newton, Ray Nicholas, Bela Orsanyi, Sam Parham, Ian Pead, Justin Pearson, Martin Pemberton, Heather Phillips, Rashid Phoenix, Andy Pilgrim, Christopher Pocock, Curtis Rivers, Marcus Shakesheff, Matt Sherren, Anthony Skrimshire, Mark Slaughter, Karen Smithson, Mark Southworth, Helen Steinway Bailey, Shane Steyn, Matthew Stirling, John Street, Gaspar Szabo, Gabor Szeman, Roy Taylor, Gyula Toth, Tony Van Silva, Reg Wayment, Linda Weal, Richard J Wheeldon, Heron White, Maxine Whittaker, Simon Whyman, Donna C. Williams, Lou Wong, Annabel E. Wood, Liang Yang, Steen Young Won [55]
Outstanding Performance by An Ensemble in a Drama Series Josef Altin, Jacob Anderson, John Bradley, Dominic Carter, Gwendoline Christie, Emilia Clarke, Nikolaj Coster-Waldau, Ben Crompton, Charles Dance, Peter Dinklage, Natalie Dormer, Iain Glen, Julian Glover, Kit Harington, Lena Headey, Conleth Hill, Rory McCann, Ian McElhinney, Pedro Pascal, Daniel Portman, Mark Stanley, Sophie Turner, and Maisie Williams Nominated
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series Peter Dinklage Nominated
Visual Effects Society Outstanding Performance of an Animated Character in a Commercial, Broadcast Program, or Video Game Philip Meyer, Thomas Kutschera, Igor Majdandzic, and Mark Spindler for "Drogon" Nominated [94]
Outstanding Visual Effects in a Visual Effects-Driven Photoreal/Live Action Broadcast Program Game of Thrones for "The Children" Won
Outstanding Created Environment in a Commercial, Broadcast Program, or Video Game Rene Borst, Christian Zilliken, Jan Burda, Steffen Metzner for "Braavos Establisher" Won
Outstanding Compositing in a Photoreal/Live Action Broadcast Program Keegan Douglas, Okan Ataman, Brian Fortune, David Lopez for "Wight Attack" Nominated
Dan Breckwoldt, Martin Furman, Sophie Marfleet, Eric Andrusyszyn for "The Watchers on the Wall" Won
Writers Guild of America Awards Episodic Drama George R. R. Martin for "The Lion and the Rose" Nominated [54]
Television Drama Series David Benioff, Bryan Cogman, George R. R. Martin, D. B. Weiss Nominated
Release[edit]
Home media[edit]
The fourth season of Game of Thrones was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on February 17, 2015 (2015-02-17).[95]
Game of Thrones: The Complete Fourth Season
Set details
Special features
Format: AC-3, Blu-ray, DTS Surround Sound, Dubbed, NTSC, Subtitled, Widescreen
Language: English, French, Castilian, Spanish, Chechen, Hungarian, Polish
Subtitles: English, French, Dutch, Danish, Finnish, Norwegian, Swedish, German
16:9 aspect ratio
5-disc set, 10 episodes
"Behind the Battle for the Wall": Follow the cast and crew as they create the most ambitious battle to date. This 30-minute documentary explores the challenges of putting together one of the series' most intense episodes, with never-before-seen material.
"The Fallen: A Roundtable": Writer Bryan Cogman sits down with a few of the many cast members who meet their demise in Season 4. From first learning of their deaths to shooting their final scenes, this 30-minute feature will shed light on what it's like to live-and die-in the Game of Thrones world.
"The Politics of Power": A Look Back at Season 3 - Revisit the brutal events of Season 3 to see power shifts that define Westeros at the start of Season 4.
"Bastards of Westeros": Hear showrunners David Benioff & D. B. Weiss and author George R. R. Martin discuss the role bastards play in the Seven Kingdoms.
Deleted/Extended Scenes: Two deleted scenes.
Audio commentaries by, among others, Benioff, Weiss, Martin, Turner, Williams, Pascal, Gillen and more.
Blu-ray exclusive:
"In-Episode Guide": In-feature resource that provides background information about on-screen characters, locations and relevant histories.
"Histories & Lore": Learn about the mythology of Westeros as told from the varying perspectives of the characters themselves.[95]
DVD release dates
Region 1
Region 2
Region 4
February 17, 2015[95] February 16, 2015[96] February 18, 2015[97]
IMAX[edit]
Between January 30 and February 5, 2015, the last two episodes of season four were shown in 205 IMAX theaters in the U.S. Game of Thrones is the first TV series released in this format.[98] The show earned $686,000 in its opening day at the box office[99] and $1.5 million during its opening weekend.[100] The one-week release grossed $1,896,092.[101]
Copyright infringement[edit]
The fourth season of Game of Thrones was the most-pirated TV series in 2014.[102]
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Jump up ^ Dyer, James (March 20, 2016). "Jameson Empire Awards 2016". Empire. Retrieved August 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Television in 2015". BAFTA. Retrieved August 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ "WINNERS ANNOUNCED AT THE 17th COSTUME DESIGNERS GUILD AWARDS WITH PRESENTING SPONSOR LACOSTE". Costume Designers Guild. February 17, 2015. Retrieved August 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "GLAAD Media Award nominees include 'Transparent,' 'Game of Thrones,' 'Looking'". Los Angeles Times. January 21, 2015. Retrieved August 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ Pedersen, Erik (February 15, 2015). "Golden Reel Award Winners 2015: 'Birdman,' 'American Sniper' (Full List)". Deadline. Retrieved August 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ McNary, Dave (January 14, 2015). "Motion Picture Sound Editors Announce Golden Reel Nominees". Variety. Retrieved August 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ "2015 Hugo Awards". The Hugo Awards. August 22, 2015. Retrieved August 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "National Television Awards 2015: Nominations in full as Mary Berry battles Simon Cowell". The Independent. January 21, 2015. Retrieved August 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "'American Sniper,' 'Birdman' & 'Boyhood' Among PGA Awards Nominees". Deadline. January 5, 2015. Retrieved August 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Saturn Awards: List of 2015 nominations". Saturn Awards. March 3, 2015. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Visual Effects Society Awards Nominations Announced". Deadline. January 13, 2015. Retrieved August 16, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c Lambert, David (July 16, 2014). "Game of Thrones – 'The Complete 4th Season' Press Release: Date, Art, Cost, Extras". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved July 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones - Season 4 [DVD] [2015]". Amazon.co.uk. Archived from the original on August 18, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Game Of Thrones - Season 4". jbhifi.com.au. Archived from the original on May 10, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ Hibberd, James (January 6, 2015). "'Game of Thrones' coming to IMAX: First TV series released in format". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ Khatchatourian, Maane (January 31, 2015). "Box Office: 'Game of Thrones' Eyes $2 Million in Imax Debut". Variety. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
Jump up ^ Mendelson, Scott (February 1, 2015). "Box Office: 'American Sniper' Sets Super Bowl Record, 'Game Of Thrones' Scores IMAX Touchdown". Forbes. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones (IMAX) (2015)". Box Office Mojo. Internet Movie Database. February 6, 2015. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ Williams, Rhiannon (April 8, 2014). "Game of Thrones still most pirated TV show". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on May 4, 2016. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
External links[edit]
Game of Thrones – official US site
Game of Thrones – official UK site
Game of Thrones – The Viewers Guide on HBO.com
Making Game of Thrones on HBO.com
List of Game of Thrones episodes on IMDb
List of Game of Thrones episodes at TV.com
Game of Thrones: Season 4 at Rotten Tomatoes
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Chinese Crested Dog
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Chinese crested dog
Hairless Chinese crested dog standing
Common nicknames
Crested, Puff, Curtis
Origin
Africa, Mexico
Patronage
Great Britain
[hide]Classification / standards
FCI
Group 9, Section 4 Hairless Dogs #288 standard
AKC
Toy standard
ANKC
Group 1 (Toys) standard
CKC
Group 5 (Toys) standard
KC (UK)
Toy standard
NZKC
Toy standard
UKC
Companion Breeds standard
Domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris)
The Chinese crested dog is a hairless breed of dog. Like most hairless dog breeds, the Chinese crested comes in two varieties, with and without fur, which are born in the same litter: the Powderpuff and the Hairless.
Contents
[hide]
1 Description
2 Care
3 Health
4 History
5 Breeding
6 In popular culture
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Description[edit]
The coated variety is called "Powder Puff," and is a recognized type.
This breed is considered small; 10–13 lb (4.5–5.9 kg).
At first look, the Hairless and Powderpuff varieties of Chinese crested dogs appear to be two different breeds, but hairlessness is an incomplete dominant trait within a single breed.[1] The Hairless has soft, humanlike skin, as well as tufts of fur on its paws ("socks") and tail ("plume") and long, flowing hair on its head ("crest"). In addition to being an incomplete dominant gene, the "hairless" gene has a prenatal lethal effect when homozygous.[2] Zygotes affected with double hairless genes (1 in 4) never develop into puppies, and are reabsorbed in the womb. All hairless Cresteds are therefore heterozygous.
The Hairless variety can vary in amount of body hair. Fur on the muzzle, known as a beard, is not uncommon. A true Hairless often does not have as much furnishings (hair on the head, tail, and paws). The difference between a very hairy Hairless and a Powderpuff is that the Hairless has a single coat with hairless parts on the body, while the Powderpuff has a thick double coat. The skin of the Hairless comes in a variety of colors, ranging from a pale flesh to black. Hairless Cresteds often lack a full set of premolar teeth, but this is not considered a fault.[3]
A Powderpuff has a long, soft coat. Both Hairless and Powderpuff varieties can appear in the same litter. The look of the Powderpuff varies according to how it is groomed. When its fur is completely grown out on its face, it strongly resembles a terrier; however, the Powderpuff is usually shaved around the snout as a standard cut. The Powderpuff Chinese crested dog is an elegant and graceful dog who makes a loving companion, playful and entertaining. The Puff's coat is long and silky soft. Ears are large and erect.
The amount of body hair on the Hairless variety varies quite extensively, from the true hairless which has very little or no body hair and furnishings, to what is called a "hairy hairless", which, if left ungroomed, often grows a near-full coat of hair. These hairy hairless are not a mix between Powderpuffs and Hairless Chinese crested dogs, but are merely a result of a weaker expression of the variable Hairless gene. The mutation responsible for the hairless trait was identified in 2008.[4]
Care[edit]
Chinese Crested, light skin
Powderpuff
Both varieties require certain amounts of grooming. The Powderpuff is entirely covered with a double, very soft, straight coat. Although a Puff's coat does not continuously grow, it can grow to be quite long at full length. A weekly bath & frequent brushing will help prevent matting. For an optimal coat, never brush when dry or dirty. A light spray of water, or grooming spray to their coat is recommended before brushing. Many choose to shave their Puff in a "Pony Cut" leaving long hair on bottom of legs, tail, head and crest for an easy care coat. Puffs are very clean and have no odor. This breed has "little to no shedding".[5] (see Moult).
Maintenance of the Hairless variety's skin is similar to maintaining human skin and as such it can be susceptible to acne, dryness, and sunburn. Hypoallergenic or oil-free moisturizing cream can keep the skin from becoming too dry when applied every other day or after bathing. Burning can occur in regions that are subject to strong UV radiation, especially in lighter-skinned dogs. Many owners apply baby sunscreen to their pets before spending time in strong sun. Some Cresteds have skin allergies to Lanolin, so be cautious when using any products that contain it.
Chinese Crested, hairless, light skin
Unless the dog is a "True" Hairless (one with virtually no hair growth on non-extremities), trimming and/or shaving is often performed to remove excess hair growth.
The Chinese crested dog is further distinguished by its hare foot, (having more elongated toes) as opposed to the cat foot common to most other dogs. Because of this the quicks of Cresteds run deeper into their nails, so care must be taken not to trim the nails too short to avoid pain and bleeding.
Powderpuffs enjoy getting outdoors for daily exercise, although they are not a high energy breed. They are great for apartment or city living, but being very versatile, also love country living and long hikes.
Being a very intelligent breed, this dog does well in obedience type sports. Consistency is a must, however this breed can be relatively sensitive and should have a gentle trainer. The Powderpuff is great at learning and performing tricks.
Health[edit]
A Chinese crested participating in an agility competition
The Powderpuff is not affected by many of the congenital diseases found in other toy breeds. They are, however, prone to some of these conditions listed. Eye problems such as lens luxation, glaucoma, and PRA (Progressive Retinal Atrophy), luxating patellas, and Legg-Pethes disease. The Powderpuff should have full dentition, not missing or crooked teeth, as is accepted in their sibling the Hairless variety.
Cresteds have what is called a "primitive mouth." This means that most of their teeth are pointy, like their canines. Hairless varieties of the Cresteds can be prone to poor dentition. Poor dentition may include missing or crowded teeth and teeth prone to decay when not properly cared for. Most dogs of the Puff variety have few, if any, dental defects.
Eyes are a concern within the breed, with many[citation needed] suffering from a painful and blinding inherited eye disease called Primary Lens Luxation. (PLL) The Chinese Crested can also have at least two forms of progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) which can eventually lead to blindness as well. For PLL and also one of the forms of PRA, there exists a genetic test, to determine if a dog is a "carrier, clear, or affected." prcd-PRA. Since the test for prcd-PRA can only reveal the existence of affected or carrier status of this one form of PRA, breeders and owners of the breed should still have regular eye exams by veterinary ophthalmologists.[6] The breed also suffers from another eye disease called Keratoconjunctivitis sicca or dry eye syndrome (DES).[7]
Along with Kerry Blue Terriers, Cresteds can develop canine multiple system degeneration (CMSD) also called progressive neuronal abiotrophy (PNA) in Kerry Blue Terriers. This is a progressive movement disorder that begins with cerebellar ataxia between 10 and 14 weeks of age. After 6 months of age, affected dogs develop difficulty initiating movements and fall frequently. The gene responsible has been mapped to canine chromosome 1.[8]
As with all other toy breeds, the Cresteds can be prone to patellar luxation. This inheritable condition is caused by shallow knee joints (stifles) and results in kneecaps that pop out of place. Its onset is often at a young age, and can cause temporary to permanent lameness based on the severity. Breeders should have their stock certified free of patellar luxation. Many countries' kennel clubs maintain a centralised registry for health results.[9][10]
Allergy and autoimmune diseases have been observed in the breed. The severity of these ailments, which can lead to the premature death of the dog, means this is something breeders need to take seriously in order to avoid it becoming a problem for the breed.
Healthy dogs have the following statistics:[11]
Lifespan: 12–14 years, although many have been known to live much longer
Weight: 7–12 lbs/4–5 kg
Height: 10–13 inches/30 cm
Color: Any color or combination of colors[citation needed]
History[edit]
Although hairless dogs have been found in many places in the world, it is unlikely that the origins of the modern Chinese crested dog are in China.[12] The breed was believed by some to have originated in Africa and was called the African Hairless Terrier in several 19th Century texts, however, there is genetic evidence that shows a shared origin with the Mexican Hairless Dog (Xōlōitzcuintli).[13] The current name of the breed likely comes from their use on Chinese ships as ratters. They are also believed to have been bred as a companion for people living with an intellectual disability and as such can remain healthy with little exercise.
In the 1950s, Debora Wood created the "Crest Haven" kennel and began to purposefully breed and record the lineages of her Chinese crested dogs. The famous burlesque dancer Gypsy Rose Lee also bred Chinese crested dogs, and upon her death her dogs were incorporated into Crest Haven. These two lines are the true foundation of every Chinese crested dog alive today. Ms. Wood also founded the American Hairless Dog Club in 1959, which was eventually incorporated into the American Chinese Crested Club (ACCC) in 1978. The ACCC became the US parent club for the breed when the Chinese crested dog was recognized by the American Kennel Club thirteen years later, in 1991.
The Chinese crested dog was officially recognised by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale[14] in 1987, by The Kennel Club (UK) in 1981, by the American Kennel Club in 1991,[15] and by the Australian National Kennel Council in 1995.
Breeding[edit]
A Chinese Crested powderpuff at Dog Show 2011
The Hairless allele (the wild type) is a dominant (and homozygous prenatal lethal) trait, while the Powderpuff allele acts as a simple recessive trait in its presence. Zygotes that receive two copies of the Hairless allele will never develop into puppies. Thus all Chinese crested dogs carry at least one copy of the Powderpuff allele.
The Powderpuff trait cannot be bred out because it is carried by all Chinese crested dogs (even the hairless ones). All Hairless Chinese crested dogs have the ability to produce Powderpuff puppies, even when they are bred to another Hairless. On the other hand, a Powderpuff bred to another Powderpuff can never produce hairless puppies, since they do not carry the Hairless gene.
In popular culture[edit]
One famous Chinese crested dog was the hairless purebred named Sam. He was the winner of the World's Ugliest Dog Contest from 2003 to 2005; he passed away before he could compete in 2006. Other Chinese cresteds, either purebreds or mixes, have finished high in the event as well.[16] Some Chinese crested dog have also appeared as a characters in movies and TV shows such as,
Peek from Cats & Dogs and Cats & Dogs: The Revenge of Kitty Galore
Fluffy from 102 Dalmatians
Romeo from Hotel for Dogs
Giuseppe from Marmaduke
Halston from Ugly Betty
Reinaldo from New York Minute
Krull the Warrior King from How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days
Lackey from Good Boy!
Bobby from The Young and the Restless
See also[edit]
Companion dog
Companion Dog Group
Toy Group
Lap dog
Mexican Hairless Dog
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Hairless dogs". Caninebreeds.bulldoginformation.com. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
Jump up ^ Robinson, Roy (1985-05-01). "Chinese crested dog". The Journal of Heredity. American Genetic Association. Retrieved 2011-09-27{{inconsistent citations}}
Jump up ^ Chinese Crested, American Kennel Club, retrieved 26 August 2014
Jump up ^ Drogemuller, C.; Karlsson, E. K.; Hytonen, M. K.; Perloski, M.; Dolf, G.; Sainio, K.; Lohi, H.; Lindblad-Toh, K.; Leeb, T. (2008). "A Mutation in Hairless Dogs Implicates FOXI3". Science. 321 (5895): 1462. doi:10.1126/science.1162525. PMID 18787161.
Jump up ^ Dogs that do not shed. Go Pets America. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
Jump up ^ "prcd-PRA Test for Chinese Cresteds". Optigen.com. 2007-06-19. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
Jump up ^ Chinese Crested Health Archived July 27, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ D. P. O'Brien, G. S. Johnson, R. D. Schnabel, S. Khan, J. R. Coates, G. C. Johnson, and J. F. Taylor. "Genetic mapping of canine multiple system degeneration and ectodermal dysplasia Loci". Journal of Heredity 96 (7):727–34, 2005.
Jump up ^ "Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA)". Offa.org. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
Jump up ^ Patellar Luxation General Information - OFA Archived September 14, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Chinese Crested Dog". 2puppies.com. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Fernandez, Amy; Rhae, Kelly (1999). Hairless Dogs, The Naked Truth. Kelly Rhae. ISBN 0-9672160-1-X.
Jump up ^ "Discover Magazine". Blogs.discovermagazine.com. 2008. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
Jump up ^ "Fédération Cynologique Internationale breed standard" (PDF). Fci.be. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
Jump up ^ "American Kennel Club Breed Standard". Akc.org. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
Jump up ^ "Under-bite helps Pabst become World's Ugliest Dog". Boston.com. Associated Press. 28 June 2009. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
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