text:
United States presidential elections in Wisconsin
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Presidential elections in Wisconsin
No. of elections
43
Voted Democrat
17
Voted Republican
25
Voted other
1[a]
Voted for winning candidate
33
Voted for losing candidate
10
Following is a table of United States presidential elections in Wisconsin, ordered by year. Since its admission to statehood in 1848, Wisconsin has participated in every U.S. presidential election.
Winners of the state are in bold.
Contents
1 Elections from 1864 to present
2 Election of 1860
3 Elections prior to 1860
4 Notes
Elections from 1864 to present[edit]
Year
Winner (nationally)
Votes
Percent
Loser (nationally)
Votes
Percent
Other national
candidates[b]
Votes
Percent
Electoral
Votes
Notes
2016 Donald Trump 1,405,284 47.22 Hillary Clinton 1,382,536 46.45 - 10
2012 Barack Obama 1,620,985 52.83 Mitt Romney 1,407,966 45.89 - 10
2008 Barack Obama 1,677,211 56.22 John McCain 1,262,393 42.31 - 10
2004 George W. Bush 1,478,120 49.32 John Kerry 1,489,504 49.70 - 10
2000 George W. Bush 1,237,279 47.61 Al Gore 1,242,987 47.83 - 11
1996 Bill Clinton 1,071,971 48.81 Bob Dole 845,029 38.48 Ross Perot 227,339 10.35 11
1992 Bill Clinton 1,041,066 41.13 George H. W. Bush 930,855 36.78 Ross Perot 544,479 21.51 11
1988 George H. W. Bush 1,047,499 47.8 Michael Dukakis 1,126,794 51.41 - 11
1984 Ronald Reagan 1,198,800 54.19 Walter Mondale 995,847 45.02 - 11
1980 Ronald Reagan 1,088,845 47.90 Jimmy Carter 981,584 43.18 John B. Anderson 160,657 7.07 11
1976 Jimmy Carter 1,040,232 49.50 Gerald Ford 1,004,987 47.83 - 11
1972 Richard Nixon 989,430 53.40 George McGovern 810,174 43.72 - 11
1968 Richard Nixon 809,997 47.89 Hubert Humphrey 748,804 44.27 George Wallace 127,835 7.56 12
1964 Lyndon B. Johnson 1,050,424 62.09 Barry Goldwater 638,495 37.74 - 12
1960 John F. Kennedy 830,805 48.05 Richard Nixon 895,175 51.77 - 12
1956 Dwight D. Eisenhower 954,844 61.58 Adlai Stevenson II 586,768 37.84 T. Coleman Andrews/
Unpledged Electors[c] 6,918 0.45 12
1952 Dwight D. Eisenhower 979,744 60.95 Adlai Stevenson II 622,175 38.71 - 12
1948 Harry S. Truman 647,310 50.70 Thomas E. Dewey 590,959 46.28 Strom Thurmond - 12
1944 Franklin D. Roosevelt 650,413 48.57 Thomas E. Dewey 674,532 50.37 - 12
1940 Franklin D. Roosevelt 704,821 50.15 Wendell Willkie 679,206 48.32 - 12
1936 Franklin D. Roosevelt 802,984 63.80 Alf Landon 380,828 30.26 - 12
1932 Franklin D. Roosevelt 707,410 63.46 Herbert Hoover 347,741 31.19 - 12
1928 Herbert Hoover 544,205 53.52 Al Smith 450,259 44.28 - 13
1924 Calvin Coolidge 311,614 37.06 John W. Davis 68,115 8.10 Robert M. La Follette Sr. 453,678 53.96 13
1920 Warren G. Harding 498,576 71.10 James M. Cox 113,422 16.17 - 13
1916 Woodrow Wilson 191,363 42.80 Charles E. Hughes 220,822 49.39 - 13
1912 Woodrow Wilson 164,230 41.06 Theodore Roosevelt 62,448 15.61 William H. Taft 130,596 32.65 13
1908 William H. Taft 247,747 54.52 William Jennings Bryan 166,662 36.67 - 13
1904 Theodore Roosevelt 280,315 63.21 Alton B. Parker 124,205 28.01 - 13
1900 William McKinley 265,760 60.06 William Jennings Bryan 159,163 35.97 - 12
1896 William McKinley 268,135 59.93 William Jennings Bryan 165,523 37.00 - 12
1892 Grover Cleveland 177,325 47.72 Benjamin Harrison 171,101 46.05 James B. Weaver 10,019 2.7 12
1888 Benjamin Harrison 176,553 49.79 Grover Cleveland 155,232 43.77 - 11
1884 Grover Cleveland 146,453 45.79 James G. Blaine 161,135 50.38 - 11
1880 James A. Garfield 144,398 54.04 Winfield S. Hancock 114,644 42.91 James B. Weaver 7,986 2.99 10
1876 Rutherford B. Hayes 130,067 50.57 Samuel J. Tilden 123,926 48.19 - 10
1872 Ulysses S. Grant 104,994 54.6 Horace Greeley 86,477 44.97 - 10
1868 Ulysses S. Grant 108,920 56.3 Horatio Seymour 84,708 43.7 - 8
1864 Abraham Lincoln 83,458 55.9 George B. McClellan 65,884 44.1 - 8
Election of 1860[edit]
The election of 1860 was a complex realigning election in which the breakdown of the previous two-party alignment culminated in four parties each competing for influence in different parts of the country. The result of the election, with the victory of an ardent opponent of slavery, spurred the secession of eleven states and brought about the American Civil War.
Year
Winner (nationally)
Votes
Percent
Loser (nationally)
Votes
Percent
Loser (nationally)
Votes
Percent
Loser (nationally)
Votes
Percent
Electoral
Votes
1860 Abraham Lincoln 86,110 56.6 Stephen A. Douglas 65,021 42.7 John C. Breckinridge 887 0.6 John Bell 161 0.1 5
Elections prior to 1860[edit]
Year
Winner (nationally)
Votes
Percent
Loser (nationally)
Votes
Percent
Other national
candidates[b]
Votes
Percent
Electoral
Votes
Notes
1856 James Buchanan 52,843 44.22 John C. Frémont 66,090 55.3 Millard Fillmore 579 0.48 5
1852 Franklin Pierce 33,658 52.04 Winfield Scott 22,210 34.34 John P. Hale 8,814 13.63 5
1848 Zachary Taylor 13,747 35.1 Lewis Cass 15,001 38.3 Martin Van Buren 10,418 26.6 4
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Robert La Follette Sr., 1924
^ Jump up to: a b For purposes of these lists, other national candidates are defined as those who won at least one electoral vote, or won at least ten percent of the vote in multiple states.
Jump up ^ Was allied with a slate of unpledged electors in Louisiana, Mississippi and South Carolina
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United States presidential elections in Wisconsin
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text:
Exotic Shorthair
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Exotic Shorthair
Brown Tabby Exotic Shorthair
Female Kitten - 1 year old
Origin
United States
Breed standards
CFA
standard
FIFe
standard
TICA
standard
AACE
standard
Domestic cat (Felis catus)
The Exotic Shorthair is a breed of cat developed to be a short-haired version of the Persian. The Exotic is similar to the Persian in many ways, including temperament and conformation, a flat nose and face with the exception of the short dense coat.[1]
In the late 1950s, the Persian was used as an outcross by some American Shorthair (ASH) breeders. This was done in secret in order to improve their body type, and crosses were also made with the Russian Blue and the Burmese. The crossbreed look gained recognition in the show ring, but unhappy American Shorthair breeders successfully produced a new breed standard that would disqualify ASH that showed signs of crossbreeding. One ASH breeder who saw the potential of the Persian/ASH cross proposed and eventually managed to get the Cat Fanciers' Association judge and American Shorthair breeder Jane Martinke to recognize them as a new breed in 1966, under the name Exotic Shorthair. Since 1987, the CFA closed the Exotic to shorthair outcrosses, leaving Persian as the only allowable outcross breed.
Because of the regular use of Persian as outcrosses, some Exotics may carry a copy of the recessive longhair gene. When two such cats mate, there is a 1 in 4 chance of each offspring being longhaired. Ironically, longhaired Exotics are not considered Persians by CFA, although The International Cat Association accepts them as Persians. Other associations like the American Cat Fanciers Association register them as a separate Exotic Longhair breed.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Description
2 Characteristics
3 Care and Grooming
4 Health
5 Recognition
6 References
7 External links
Description[edit]
The Exotic Shorthair meets every standard for the Persian breed, except for the coat.
Head: Oval, massive. Very broad skull. Rounded forehead. Round, full cheeks. Short, broad, round muzzle. Short, broad nose with pronounced stop. Strong chin. Broad, powerful jaws.
Ears: Small, rounded at the tip, not too open at the base. Widely spaced and well-furnished with hair on the inside.
Eyes: Large and round. Pure, deep color corresponding to that of the coat (gold to copper in most varieties; green in the chinchilla and the golden; blue in the white and the colorpoint).
Neck: Short and thick.
Body: Medium-sized, cobby, low to the ground. Broad chest. Massive shoulders. Large-boned with powerful muscles. Weight: 3.5 - 6 kilograms.
Paw: Short, straight and large. Round, large paws. Tufts of hair between the toes.
Tail: Short, thick, carried low. Rounded tip.
Coat: Shorthaired but slightly longer than other shorthaired breeds. Dense, fluffy, erect hair. All Persian colors are recognized.
Characteristics[edit]
Male Exotic Shorthair - 12 months
Exotic Shorthairs have a gentle and calm personality reminiscent of the Persian, but are generally livelier than their longhaired ancestors.[3] Curious and playful, they are friendly to other cats and dogs, but they don’t like being left alone and need the presence of their owner. They tend to show more affection and loyalty than most breeds and make excellent lap cats. Their calm, steady nature makes them ideal apartment cats for city dwellers.[4] Nonetheless, Exotics retain some of the energetic spark of the American Shorthair, and they are often capable mouse hunters.
Care and Grooming[edit]
Unlike the high-maintenance Persian, the Exotic is able to keep its own fur tidy with little human assistance, though weekly brushing and combing is recommended to remove loose hair and reduce shedding and hairballs.
As with other flat-faced animals, the Exotic's tear ducts are prone to overflowing due to the nasolacrimal duct, which can dampen and stain the face. This can be relieved by periodically wiping the cat's face with a cloth moistened with water or one of the commercial preparations made expressly for the purpose.
This breed ages slowly, as it does not reach maturity until around two years of age and enters puberty fairly late. When two Exotic Shorthairs are crossed, they may produce long-haired kittens called “Exotic Longhairs” by the CFA. Externally, they look like Persians.
Health[edit]
See also: Persian_(cat) § Health
The Exotic Shorthair is a brachycephalous breed, meaning that its problems result from having the nose and eyes in close proximity to each other, giving the appearance of a pushed-in face. As well as issues with the tear ducts, sinus problems can also occur. Due to the shortened jaw, there is a chance of tooth misalignment or tooth crowding.
White female Exotic Shorthair cat—12 weeks old
Brachycephalic airway syndrome (BAS). Also referred to as brachycephalic respiratory syndrome or congenital obstructive upper airway disease, BAS causes upper airway abnormalities ranging in severity. The syndrome can cause increased airway resistance, inflammation of structures in the airways, and increased strain on the heart.[5] Treatment includes weight loss, surgery, and avoiding humid or hot conditions.
Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis. A stone that crystallizes in the bladder and kidney.
Dystocia. An abnormal labor due to large-domed skulls.[6]
Feline polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Exotic Shorthairs, as well as Persians and other Persian-derived cats, have a high chance of inheriting PKD, a disease that can lead to kidney failure. Several studies using ultrasound scan screening have shown that the prevalence of PKD in Exotics is between 40-50% in developed nations.[7][8][9] DNA screening for PKD is recommended for all Exotic cats used in breeding programs to reduce the incidence of kidney disease by spaying and neutering PKD positive cats.
Recognition[edit]
The Exotic has steadily gained popularity among cat fanciers with the help of the devoted advocates of the breed who saw the value in a Persian and Shorthair crossbreed.
In 1967, the Exotic Shorthair was first accepted for Championship status by the CFA.
In 1971, the first Exotic Shorthair achieved the status of Grand Champion.
In 1986, the Fédération Internationale Féline recognized the Exotic Shorthair.
In 1991, an Exotic was the CFA's Cat of the Year.
In 1992, the CFA's Best Kitten was an Exotic.[10]
References[edit]
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2007) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Jump up ^ "Exotic Shorthair". PetMD.
Jump up ^ Helgren, J. Anne. (2006) Iams Cat Breed Guide: Exotic Shorthair Telemark Productions
Jump up ^ "Exotic Shorthair". VetStreet.
Jump up ^ "About The Exotic". The Cat Fancier's Association.
Jump up ^ "Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome in Cats". VCA Animal Hospitals.
Jump up ^ "Dystocia (difficult birth) in Cats". Cat World.
Jump up ^ Beck, C.; Lavelle, R. B. (2001). "Feline polycystic kidney disease in Persian and other cats: A prospective study using ultrasonography". Australian Veterinary Journal. 79 (3): 181–184. PMID 11301745. doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.2001.tb14573.x.
Jump up ^ Bonazzi, M.; Volta, A.; Gnudi, G.; Bottarelli, E.; Gazzola, M.; Bertoni, G. (2007). "Prevalence of the polycystic kidney disease and renal and urinary bladder ultrasonographic abnormalities in Persian and Exotic Shorthair cats in Italy". Journal of Feline Medicine & Surgery. 9 (5): 387–391. doi:10.1016/j.jfms.2007.03.004.
Jump up ^ Barthez, P. Y.; Rivier, P.; Begon, D. (2003). "Prevalence of polycystic kidney disease in Persian and Persian related cats in France". Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 5 (6): 345–347. PMID 14623204. doi:10.1016/s1098-612x(03)00052-4.
Jump up ^ "Exotic Shorthair Cat". Pet Finder.
External links[edit]
Cat Fanciers Association Exotic Breed Council
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text:
2018 Commonwealth Games medal table
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Part of a series on
2018 Commonwealth Games[show]
Bids
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The 2018 Commonwealth Games (officially known as the XXI Commonwealth Games), were a multi-sport event held in Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, between 4 and 15 April 2018. 275 medal events were held at these games.
Australia, serving as the host nation, dominated the games with 80 gold, 59 silver and 59 bronze, for a total of 198 medals.
Contents
1 Firsts
2 Medal table
3 Doping
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Firsts[edit]
The Solomon Islands won its first ever Commonwealth Games medal, a bronze won by Jenly Tegu Wini in the women's 58 kg weightlifting event.[1]
The Cook Islands won its first ever Commonwealth Games medal, a bronze won by Taiki Paniani and Aidan Zittersteijn in the men's pairs lawn bowls event.[2]
Vanuatu won its first ever Commonwealth Games medal, a bronze won by para athlete Friana Kwevira in the women's javelin throw (F46) event.[3]
Dominica won its first ever Commonwealth Games medal when Thea LaFond won a bronze medal in the women's triple jump event.[4][5] A few days later, Dominica won its first ever silver medal when Yordanys Duranona Garcia came second in the men's triple jump event.
British Virgin Islands won its first ever Commonwealth Games medal when Kyron McMaster won a gold in the men's 400m hurdles.[6][7]
Saint Lucia won its first ever Commonwealth Games gold medal when Levern Spencer won the women's high jump event.
Medal table[edit]
The ranking in this table is consistent with International Olympic Committee convention in its published medal tables. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals the athletes from a nation have won (in this context, a "nation" is an entity represented by a Commonwealth Games Association). The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze medals. If nations are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically by their three-letter country code. Australia tops the medal table rank with 80 gold, second England with 45 gold and third India with 26 gold.
Key
* Host nation (Australia)
2018 Commonwealth Games medal table
Rank
CGA
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
1 Australia (AUS)* 80 59 59 198
2 England (ENG) 45 45 46 136
3 India (IND) 26 20 20 66
4 Canada (CAN) 15 40 27 82
5 New Zealand (NZL) 15 16 15 46
6 South Africa (RSA) 13 11 13 37
7 Wales (WAL) 10 12 14 36
8 Scotland (SCO) 9 13 22 44
9 Nigeria (NGR) 9 9 6 24
10 Cyprus (CYP) 8 1 5 14
11 Jamaica (JAM) 7 9 11 27
12 Malaysia (MAS) 7 5 12 24
13 Singapore (SGP) 5 2 2 9
14 Kenya (KEN) 4 7 6 17
15 Uganda (UGA) 3 1 2 6
16 Botswana (BOT) 3 1 1 5
17 Samoa (SAM) 2 3 0 5
18 Trinidad and Tobago (TTO) 2 1 0 3
19 Namibia (NAM) 2 0 0 2
20 Northern Ireland (NIR) 1 7 4 12
21 Bahamas (BAH) 1 3 0 4
22 Papua New Guinea (PNG) 1 2 0 3
23 Fiji (FIJ) 1 1 2 4
24 Pakistan (PAK) 1 0 4 5
25 Grenada (GRN) 1 0 1 2
26 Bermuda (BER) 1 0 0 1
Guyana (GUY) 1 0 0 1
British Virgin Islands (IVB) 1 0 0 1
Saint Lucia (LCA) 1 0 0 1
30 Bangladesh (BAN) 0 2 0 2
31 Sri Lanka (SRI) 0 1 5 6
32 Cameroon (CMR) 0 1 2 3
33 Dominica (DMA) 0 1 1 2
34 Isle of Man (IOM) 0 1 0 1
Mauritius (MRI) 0 1 0 1
Nauru (NRU) 0 1 0 1
37 Malta (MLT) 0 0 2 2
Vanuatu (VAN) 0 0 2 2
39 Cook Islands (COK) 0 0 1 1
Ghana (GHA) 0 0 1 1
Norfolk Island (NFI) 0 0 1 1
Seychelles (SEY) 0 0 1 1
Solomon Islands (SOL) 0 0 1 1
Total (43 CGAs)
275
276
289
840
Doping[edit]
Khumukcham Sanjita Chanu, the Weightlifting Women's 53 kg gold medallist for India subsequently failed an anti-doping test. Should this medal be stripped, Papua New Guinea athlete Dika Toua will be promoted from silver to gold, the Canadian Rachel Leblanc-Bazinet will become the silver medallist and the Sri Lankan athlete Chamari Warnakulasuriya moved up to take the bronze.[8]
See also[edit]
Commonwealth Games portal
2010s portal
Gold Coast portal
Queensland portal
Australia portal
All-time Commonwealth Games medal table
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Sport: Solomon Islands win first Comm Games medal". Radio New Zealand. Wellington, New Zealand. 7 April 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
Jump up ^ Persico, Christina; Mitchell, Stephanie (9 April 2018). "Taranaki teen wins Cook Islands' first Commonwealth Games medal". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
Jump up ^ Butler, Nick (9 April 2018). "Simbine stuns Blake to win Commonwealth Games 100 metres". Insidethegames.biz. Dunsar Media. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "UPDATE: Thea Lafond wins bronze for Dominica at Commonwealth Games". Dominica News Online. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Athletics | Event Schedule Women's Triple Jump - Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games". results.gc2018.com. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
Jump up ^ Kelner, Martha (12 April 2018). "Kyron McMaster lets the tears flow after gold follows coach's death". The Guardian. London, England. Retrieved 13 April 2018.
Jump up ^ Scott, Chris (12 April 2018). "A year after Hurricane Irma, Kyron McMaster wins BVI's first Commonwealth medal". CNN. Atlanta, Georgia, United States. Retrieved 13 April 2018.
Jump up ^ [1]. Inside The Games (2018-05-31). Retrieved 2018-05-31.
External links[edit]
Official medal table
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text:
Hudson Bay Lowlands
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Hudson Bay Lowlands are a vast wetland located between the Canadian Shield and southern shores of Hudson Bay and James Bay. Most of the area lies within the province of Ontario, with smaller portions reaching into Manitoba and Quebec. Many wide and slow-moving rivers flow through this area toward the salt water of Hudson Bay: these include the Churchill, Nelson and Hayes in Manitoba, Severn, Fawn, Winisk, Asheweig, Ekwan, Attawapiskat, and Albany in Ontario, and the Harricana, Rupert and Eastmain in Quebec.[1] This is the largest wetland in Canada, and one of the largest in the world.[2] The region can be subdivided into three bands running roughly northwest to southeast: the Coastal Hudson Bay Lowland (a narrow band along the northern coast),[3] Hudson Bay Lowland (a broader band extending to slightly south of the Ekwan River),[4] and James Bay Lowland (all the rest of the southern/eastern lands, making up close to 50% of the total Lowlands area).[5]
The entire area was covered by ice during the last glaciation, and the peatlands have accumulated over the last ten thousand years. Plants from more temperate regions mix with arctic species.[6] A majority of the wetland is peat bog, although salt marshes occur along the coast, and marshes and wet meadows occur along the major rivers. The wetlands provide important habitat for migratory birds including shorebirds (e.g., yellow rail) and waterfowl (e.g., snow geese). Large mammals include polar bear and wolverine.[2]
The Hudson Bay Lowlands approximately coincide with the Southern Hudson Bay Taiga Ecoregion of North America.
Snow geese migrate north each year to breed in the coastal marshes of the Hudson Bay Lowland.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early discovery and exploration
2 Geography
3 References
4 External links
Early discovery and exploration[edit]
The local Ojibwa and Cree most likely came into contact with the region but did not populate the region due to the harsh, undesirable conditions and poor drainage patterns of the area. When Europeans arrived in the area, The Hudson's Bay Company set up trading posts such as Rankin Inlet, some of which remain populated today. However, these never grew into sizable towns, again because of the poor living conditions and climate. To this day, not all of the lowlands have been properly explored. There are a few small First Nations settlements on the southern shore of Hudson Bay Lowlands at places like Moose Factory, Moosonee, Attawapiskat, and Fort Severn.
Geography[edit]
The region is named after the nearby inland sea, Hudson Bay, the second largest in the world. The entire area drains into the bay through rivers such as the Churchill, Severn, and Attawapiskat. The region is located in the extreme north of Ontario, extending into both Manitoba to the west and Quebec in the east, and covers around 25 percent of Ontario's total land area (approximately 227,400 km2). The area was covered in ice during the last ice age, and then flooded as the ice receded, leaving behind plains that are slowly rising out of the ocean due to post-glacial rebound.[1] Peatlands, both bogs and fens now cover much of the landscape,[7] with other kinds of wetlands along rivers and the coast. The climate of the region depends largely on the water surface of the bay, which heats rapidly in the summer, breaking ice and bringing rains to the lowlands. In the winter the bay freezes over again, bringing freezing temperatures and winds. The vegetation is mostly conifer forest and peatland, with typical sub arctic and boreal plants.[6]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Canadian Encyclopedia - Hudson Bay
^ Jump up to: a b Abraham, K.F. and C.J. Keddy. The Hudson Bay Lowland. Pages 118-148 in L.H. Fraser and P.A. Keddy (eds.). 2005. The World’s Largest Wetlands: Ecology and Conservation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 488 p.
Jump up ^ Coastal Hudson Bay Lowland ecozone profile
Jump up ^ Hudson Bay Lowland ecozone profile
Jump up ^ James Bay Lowland ecozone profile
^ Jump up to: a b Riley, J.L. 2003. Flora of the Hudson Bay Lowland and its Postglacial Origins.NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Canada. 236 p.
Jump up ^ Sjörs, H. 1959. Bogs and fens in the Hudson Bay Lowlands. Arctic 12:2-19.
External links[edit]
Map of the Hudson Plains Ecoregions
An Introduction to Ecozones
Map of major rivers draining into southern Hudson Bay
Hudson Bay Lowlands - Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources
Proposed protected areas in Manitoba.
Hudson Bay in The Canadian Encyclopedia
Hudson Bay Lowlands - Ottertooth
Arctic Institute paper by Hugo Sjörs, Bogs and Fens in the Hudson Bay Lowlands.
"Hudson Bay Lowlands show recent effects of global warming". Max Paris Environment Unit, CBC News. 8 October 2013. Retrieved 2013-10-08.
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Coordinates: 54°45′N 83°00′W / 54.750°N 83.000°W / 54.750; -83.000
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hudson_Bay_Lowlands&oldid=831949857"
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Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the Negro spiritual. For the blues song, see Motherless Child Blues.
Original score of "Motherless Child" by William E. Barton, D.D., 1899.
"Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child" (or simply "Motherless Child") is a traditional Negro spiritual. It dates back to the era of slavery in the United States. An early performance of the song dates back to the 1870s by the Fisk Jubilee Singers.[1][2] Like many traditional songs, it has many variations and has been recorded widely.
Description[edit]
The song is clearly an expression of pain and despair as it conveys the hopelessness of a child who has been torn from her or his parents. Under one interpretation, the repetitive singing of the word "sometimes" offers a measure of hope, as it suggests that at least "sometimes" I do not feel like a motherless child.[3]
Although the plaintive words can be interpreted literally, they might alternatively be metaphoric. The “motherless child” could be a slave separated from and yearning for his or her African homeland, his or her spouse, parents, siblings, or child(ren) (from all or any of which he or she may have been separated in the trafficking process) or a slave suffering “a long ways from home”—home being heaven—or most likely all.[citation needed]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Blue Gene" Tyranny, "Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child" article, Allmusic
Jump up ^ Barton, Hymns of the Slave and the Freedman, p.17 ("Not very long ago I attended a concert given by a troupe of jubilee singers, whose leader was a member of the original Fisk company. Toward the end of the programme he announced that a recently arrived singer in his troupe from Mississippi had brought a song that her grandparents sang in slave times, which he counted the saddest and most beautiful of song of slavery. It was a mutilated version of Aunt Dinah's song ['Motherless Child' or 'I feel like I'd never been borned.']")
Jump up ^ *"Sweet Chariot: the story of the spirituals" Archived 2007-01-09 at the Wayback Machine. by Arthur C. Jones
External links[edit]
Recording by Odetta at dailymotion.com
[1] recording by Esther & Abi Ofarim
Lyrics as by J. W. Johnson & J. R. Johnson (1926) at negrospirituals.com
Art of the States: Piano Sonata No. 4 musical work quoting the spiritual by African-American composer George Walker
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sometimes_I_Feel_Like_a_Motherless_Child&oldid=842662317"
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New York's Village Halloween Parade
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Tall rod puppets, a signature of the parade.
Papier-mâché masks reflect the evening's Mardi Gras atmosphere.
A Tusken Raider rides a mammoth-sized Bantha puppet, designed by Oliver Dalzell.
New York's Village Halloween Parade is an annual holiday parade and street pageant presented on the night of every Halloween in New York City's Greenwich Village. The Village Halloween Parade, initiated in 1973 by Greenwich Village puppeteer and mask maker Ralph Lee, that lays claim to being the world's largest Halloween parade where in recent years it is reported to have 60,000 marchers and 2 million spectators.[1].
It has been called "New York's Carnival." The parade is largely a spontaneous event as individual marchers can just show up in costume at the starting point without registering or paying anything.[2][3] The parade's most signature features are its large puppets which are animated by hundreds of volunteers. The official parade theme each year is applied to the puppets.[4] In addition to the puppets the website reports that more than 50 bands participates each year. In addition there are some commercial Halloween floats.
The official route on Sixth Avenue from Spring Street to 16th Street is 1.4 miles (the distance from the gathering spot at Canal and Sixth to Spring adds another 0.2 miles).
The parade has been studied by leading cultural anthropologists. According to The New York Times, "the Halloween Parade is the best entertainment the people of this City ever give the people of this City." "Absolutely anything goes," says USA Today. "Be prepared to drop your jaw."
Contents
[hide]
1 History Timeline
2 Theme
3 References
4 Other sources
4.1 Videos
4.2 Photographs
5 External links
History Timeline[edit]
1973 - An informal parade of puppets for children was organized by Ralph Lee of the Mettawee River Theatre Company around his residence of artists in the Westbeth Artists Community. Parades from 1973 until 1984 would start at Westbeth.
1974 - The parade still aimed at children went from Jane Street at the Hudson River to Washington Square Park. About 200 adults and children participated.[5][6]
1975 - The parade was produced by the Theatre for the New City[7] (which at the time was in Westbeth). Lee and the Theatre won Obie Award for the production. The 1975 parade grew to 1,500 participants. The new management introduced more adult elements into the event including a Halloween ball after the parade.[8][9][10]
1976 - Organization of the parade was formally handled by a non-profit organization.[8]
1977 - Route was changed to 10th Street between Greenwich Avenue to Fifth Avenue and still ending in Washington Square. A devil sat at the top of the Washington Square arch where it released balloons and slid down a wire into the fountain. The year also saw the first appearance of giant spider on the Jefferson Market Library.[8]
1985 - With crowds expanding to 250,000, the route was moved from side streets to Sixth Avenue from Spring Street to 22nd Street (although in practice the gathering point was further south at Canal Street and the northern point would be shortened to 16th Street.[11] The change in route ended the connection to Washington Square Park. Jeanne Fleming took over managing the event.[8] The change with its barricades also reduced the possibilities of people joining the parade at any point as had been the case.
1990 - New York University and Manhattan Community Board 2 begin hosting an unrelated Children’s Halloween Parade in Greenwich Village in the afternoons n Washington Square.[12]
1998 - Sophia Michahelles and Alex Kahn become the official designers of the parade's puppets.[13]
1999 - Basil Twist designs the spider that currently appears on the Jefferson Market Library.[14]
2001 - Less than seven weeks after the September 11 attacks the parade was broadcast worldwide and was an indication that New York was bouncing back.[15] The parade was led by a giant puppet of a Phoenix rising out of the ashes. Noticeably missing from the parade was Bread and Puppet Theater which had been a political staple of the parade but was protesting the new War in Afghanistan.[16] Earlier the Bread and Puppet contingent consisted of five blocks of its giant puppets.[17]
2005 - Less than 8 weeks after Hurricane Katrina more than 8,000 storm evacuees attended a funeral procession tribute as part of the parade.
2010 - Haitian Carnival Artist Didier Civil created Haitian carnival figures as a tribute to victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake.[15]
2012 - The parade was cancelled for its only time in the aftermath Hurricane Sandy which had heavily damaged coastal New York City and had left Greenwich without electricity during the parade time. [15]
2013 - A Kickstarter campaign to cover costs of the 2012 closing saved the parade from permanently closing.[15] The campaign raised $56,000 and had a goal of $50,000.[18]
2017 - Less than four hours after Sayfullo Saipov killed 8 people six blocks west of the parade route in the 2017 New York City truck attack the parade proceeded as scheduled. Both Mayor Bill de Blasio and Gov. Andrew Cuomo marched in the parade.[19]
Theme[edit]
Parade participant (2004)
Exotic masquerader in beads, feathers, headdress, and face paint (2004)
A masquerader poses in front of a wrought iron fence in historic Greenwich Village.
Celebration artist Jeanne Fleming, the parade's artistic and producing director
Twenty-foot illuminated caterpillars — animated pageant sized puppets designed by Alex Kahn of Superior Concept Monsters — transform Manhattan's Greenwich Village in 1998.
An incandescent baby phoenix conceived and designed by Sophia Michahelles of Superior Concept Monsters rises from fiery ashes to new life in 2001, after the September 11 attacks.
Finishing touches are made to a giant dinosaur puppet in the staging area on parade day.
In 2001, the parade presented a work of puppetry that would become celebrated for its artistry, and remembered in the city's history. After terrorists struck Lower Manhattan on September 11, 2001, events citywide and nationwide were being cancelled. Organizers believed the parade would give the city a much-needed emotional release, reform the community, and help it to begin the healing process. They felt that this was the most positive way they, as artists, could serve the city at such a desperate time. "This is the meaning of the Dancing Skeletons that always lead the march: they know better than anyone what they have lost, and so they dance this one night of the year to celebrate life," Fleming told CNN in an interview.
By September 15, Fleming had scrapped the old theme and chosen a new one. Although no one was certain the parade would take place, designer Sophia Michahelles conceived of a new theme, Phoenix Rising, to galvanize the spirit of New York in the wake of the tragedy. A giant puppet of a phoenix, the mythical bird that rises up out of its own ashes, was created by Michahelles in the workshop of Official Parade Puppeteers Superior Concept Monsters. The animated creation was mechanically configured to spread its wings and rise out of fiery ashes, represented by flickering lanterns lifted on poles, encircling the parading figure. On October 25 the parade received final authorization to go ahead. In light of the widely established community relationships which Fleming had cultivated, and the parade's long tradition, Mayor Rudy Giuliani insisted it go on.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Village Halloween Parade. "History of the Parade". Retrieved July 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Participate - NYC Village Halloween Parade". Retrieved 6 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Costume Contest - NYC Village Halloween Parade". Retrieved 6 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Artistry - NYC Village Halloween Parade". Retrieved 6 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "The founder of NYC's Halloween Parade fears he created a beast". 29 October 2016. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "What Happened to the Halloween Parade?". www.nytheatre-wire.com. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Theater for the New City - Production History, 1970 - 1979". www.theaterforthenewcity.net. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "A history of the Village Halloween Parade: Puppets, performers, and NYC pride - 6sqft". 6sqft. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Skal, David J. (20 June 2016). "Halloween: The History of America's Darkest Holiday". Courier Dover Publications. Retrieved 6 November 2017 – via Google Books.
Jump up ^ Franks, Don (22 September 2004). "Entertainment Awards: A Music, Cinema, Theatre and Broadcasting Guide, 1928 through 2003, 3d ed". McFarland. Retrieved 6 November 2017 – via Google Books.
Jump up ^ "Participate - NYC Village Halloween Parade". Retrieved 6 November 2017.
Jump up ^ https://www.nyu.edu/about/news-publications/news/2017/october/27th-annual-childrens-halloween-parade-in-greenwich-village--oct.html
Jump up ^ "Processional Arts Workshop: People". www.superiorconcept.org. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.basiltwist.com/halloween.html
^ Jump up to: a b c d "About Us - NYC Village Halloween Parade". Retrieved 6 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Kalish, Jon. "50 Years Of Bread And Puppet Theater". Retrieved 6 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Bell, John (30 April 2016). "American Puppet Modernism: Essays on the Material World in Performance". Springer. Retrieved 6 November 2017 – via Google Books.
Jump up ^ https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/729950056/bring-halloween-back-to-nyc
Jump up ^ "Village Halloween Parade marches with message after terror attack". Retrieved 6 November 2017.
Other sources[edit]
Videos[edit]
Karl Gober
1999 Halloween Parade on YouTube
2000 Halloween Parade
"Life Cycle of a Parade"
Note: Each chapter is about one minute long
Note: Twin Towers in background on their last Halloween
(Chp 01: Hibernation) on YouTube
(Chp 02: Sewing the seeds) on YouTube
(Chp 03: Fever Pitch) on YouTube
(Chp 05: First Run) on YouTube
(Chp 06: Incarnation) on YouTube
(Chp 07: First Flight) on YouTube
(Chp 08: Tower of Basil) on YouTube
(Chp 10: Offering) on YouTube
(Chp 11: Parade) on YouTube
2004 Halloween Parade on YouTube
2006 Halloween Parade on YouTube
Superior Concept Monsters — Theme Performances
2006: "'Jack'" on YouTube
2007: "Wings of Desire" on YouTube
2008: "Ghost" Superior on YouTube
2009: "Terra Incognita" on YouTube
2010: "Memento Mori" on YouTube
2010 Halloween on YouTube Street photo montage, Kenneth Akama
Photographs[edit]
"Village Halloween Parade". NY Daily News.
"Photos: 39th Annual Village Halloween Parade". Time Out New York. Nov 2011.
NYCfoto — 2014, 2013, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008
Skillings, Pamela. "Halloween Dog Parade in Tompkins Square Park". About.com.
External links[edit]
Official website
Superior Concept Monsters, "Official" Puppeteers for New York's Village Halloween Parade
"Village Halloween Parade". NYC. 2013.
Sandy, Natalie (October 28, 2011). "Behind the scenes of the Village Halloween Parade]". Time Out New York.
Skillings, Pamela (2012). "Village Halloween Parade]". About.com.
Gopinathan, Nishanth (September 29, 2013). "Halloween Day Parade in Greenwich Village". New York Visit.
Laperruque (2013). Treaters: The Greenwich Village Halloween Parade — 1982–86. Blurb. Self published photobook
Wikimedia Commons has media related to New York's Village Halloween Parade.
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text:
Pine Mountain Jump
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Pine Mountain Jump
Location
Pine Mountain
Iron Mountain
United States
Opened
1937
Renovated
1977
Size
K–point
K-120
Hill size
HS133
Hill record
Klemens Murańka
(140.5 m in 2017)
View from the parking lot
The Pine Mountain Ski Jump is one of the highest artificially created ski jumps in the world, located in Iron Mountain, Michigan, Dickinson County. It is part of the Kiwanis Ski Club and hosts annual FIS Ski Jumping Continental Cup competitions.[1] "Pine Mountain Slide is known throughout the world as one of the better jumping hills." Annually in February, it "hosts jumpers from around the world at the best tournament in the United States." Top-rated foreign jumpers compete. Currently (excluding ski flying hills) Pine Mountain holds the U.S. records for the longest jump in World Cup competition at 140m (459 feet), as well as the overall distance record at 143.5m (471 feet).[2] The facility also includes two smaller ski jumping hills that are built into the hill northwest of the large hill. Attendance is about 20,000.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Specifications
2 History
3 Jump Records
4 List of Events Held
5 Getting there
6 References
7 External links
Specifications[edit]
Scaffold height: 176 feet (54 m)
Scaffold length: 117m [2]
Length of underhill (end of take-off to outrun): 632 feet (193 m)
Length of underhill (end of scaffold to end of outrun): 1,032 feet (315 m)
Critical point (K-point) of landing hill: 394 feet (120 m)
Hill Size (HS): 133m [2]
Pitch of landing hill: 39°
Estimated speed of skiers at takeoff (variable depending on wind and other factors): 55–65 mph (89–105 km/h)[4]
History[edit]
Construction of the jump began in 1937 and was completed in 1938. At the time it was 156 feet (48 m) high. It hosted its first competition in 1939. In 1948, the outrun was dug out, and in 1977 the inrun tower was made larger (to the current 176 feet (54 m)) after a fire. There have been numerous other renovations over the years. In 1996 and 2000 the hill hosted the FIS Ski Jumping World Cup, bringing in 20,000 spectators. However, it has not hosted one since, and now hosts annual FIS Ski Jumping Continental Cup competitions.[5]
Locally known as "Giant Pine Mountain," it is reputed worldwide to be one of the best ski jumping facilities. The ski jumping fans are said to be friendly. It is also considered by most jumpers as the most challenging jump on the Continental Cup circuit and in the world. This partly is due to the fact that the top of the jump is nearly 600 feet above all of the surrounding landscape giving the jumpers the same view that they would have if they were standing on top of a 60 story skyscraper. Also, because of the jump and hill's high rise above the surrounding landscape there is a significant wind factor for jumpers making it more challenging.[6]
Excluding ski flying hills, the Pine Mountain Ski Jump is the largest ski jump in the United States and it is between the 3rd and 8th tallest man-made ski jump in the world (depending on how height is measured).[7] There are two other ski jumps in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan: Copper Peak is the only Ski flying venue in the western hemisphere, located near Ironwood, Michigan (and has been called "Suicide hill"),[8] as well as the pre-existing Suicide Hill Ski Jump located at Ishpeming, Michigan, which is near the National Ski Hall of Fame.[8]
Jump Records[edit]
Below is the list of past and current record holders:
Year
Distance (m)
Distance (ft)
Name
Country
1939 78 256 Bob Rocker United States
1941 81.5 267 Alf Engen NOR
1942 88 289 Torger Tokle NOR
1949 89 292 Joe Perrault United States
1949 89.5 294 Matti Pietikäinen FIN
1949 90.5 297 Joe Perrault USA
1955 91.5 300 Rudy Maki USA[9]
1961 96 315 Jim Brennan USA
1962 96.5 317 Pekka Tirkkinen FIN
1965 99 325 John Balfanz United States
1968 102 335 Adrian Watt United States
1971 105 344 Jerry Martin United States
1978 113 371 Gebhart Aberer AUT
1980 121.5 399 Armin Kogler AUT
1991 122 400 Werner Schuster AUT
1996-02-18 131.5 431 Masahiko Harada JPN
1996-02-18 131.5 431 Jens Weißflog GER
1996-02-18 140 460 Masahiko Harada JPN
2002-02-23 142 466 Kalle Keituri FIN
2004-02-21 142 466 Olav Magne Dønnem NOR
2006-02-18 142.5 468 Stefan Kaiser AUT[3]
2009-02-15 142.5 468 Lukas Müller AUT
2009-02-15 143.5 471 Stefan Thurnbichler AUT[5][10]
List of Events Held[edit]
The Pine Mountain ski jumping tournament has been part of the FIS Ski Jumping Continental Cup every year since 2004 and with the exception of the occasional Winter Olympic Games or World Cup event, the tournament is unually the most prestigious and highest level ski jumping competition held in the Western Hemisphere. Below is an incomplete list of events held at the hill.[1][2][3]
United States National Ski Jumping Championship held in 1958.
United States National Ski Jumping Championship held in 1960.
United States National Ski Jumping Championship held in 1966.
FIS Ski Jumping World Cup held February 16, 17, 18. and 19, 1996.
FIS Ski Jumping World Cup held February 25, 26, and 27, 2000.
FIS Continental Cup held February 16, 17, and 18, 2001.
FIS Continental Cup held February 22, 23, and 24, 2002.
FIS Continental Cup held January 20, 21, and 22, 2004.
FIS Continental Cup held February 25, 26, and 27, 2005.
FIS Continental Cup held February 17, 18, and 19, 2006.
FIS Continental Cup held February 16, 17, and 18, 2007.
FIS Continental Cup held February 15, 16, and 17, 2008.
FIS Continental Cup held February 13, 14, and 15, 2009.
FIS Continental Cup held January 29, 30, and 31, 2010
FIS Continental Cup held February 11, 12, and 13, 2011.
FIS Continental Cup held February 10, 11, and 12, 2012.
FIS Continental Cup held February 8, 9, and 10, 2013.
FIS Continental Cup held February 7, 8, and 9, 2014.
FIS Continental Cup held February 20, 21, and 22, 2015.
Getting there[edit]
From US Highway 2 in town (Iron Mountain), turn west onto Kent Street just south of the Chapin Pit, and follow the signs. In about 3⁄4 mile (1.2 km), look for Upper Pine Mountain Road which winds up to the hilltop. There is no charge. The view from the observation deck at the top of the jump is about 30 miles (48 km).[4]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Kiwanis Ski Club". Iron Mountain, Pine Mountain, 120 metre ski jump. Retrieved February 12, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d http://www.skisprungschanzen.com/EN/Ski+Jumps/USA-United+States/MI-Michigan/Iron+Mountain/0574/
^ Jump up to: a b c "Continental Cup Ski Jumping February 11, 12, & 13, 2011". Ski Jumping at the Pine Mountain Ski Jump, Iron Mountain, Michigan. Exploring the North. 2011. Retrieved February 12, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Iron Mountain, Pine Mountain Ski Jump". Hunt’s Guide to Michigan’s Upper Peninsula. Retrieved February 12, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Ironwood Copper Peak". Ski Jumping Hill Archive. Retrieved February 12, 2011.
Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qEc0iGMqUNk
Jump up ^ http://www.skisprungschanzen.com/EN/Articles/0013-World%27s+largest+ski+jumps
^ Jump up to: a b Baulch, Vivian M. (February 1, 2002). "Michigan's long history of ski jumping". The Detroit News. Archived from the original on 21 December 2010. Retrieved February 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ http://www.skihall.com/index.php?_a=document&doc_id=11&id=207
Jump up ^ Deuter, Ron (February 16, 2009). "Austrian teen wins at Pine Mountain". Iron Mountain: Daily Press. Retrieved February 12, 2011.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pine Mountain Jump.
COC tournament information, Kiwanis Ski Club
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Mountains of Michigan
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Coordinates: 45°50′07.34″N 88°05′18.59″W / 45.8353722°N 88.0884972°W / 45.8353722; -88.0884972
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pine_Mountain_Jump&oldid=813519367"
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