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List of North Korean missile tests
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North Korea and weapons
of mass destruction
Events
Missile tests
1993
2006
2009
2013
2014
2017
Nuclear tests
2006 (reactions)
2009 (reactions)
2013 (reactions)
January 2016 (reactions)
September 2016 (reactions)
2017
See also
2017 North Korea crisis
Korean People's Army
Korean People's Army Strategic Force
Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Site
Ryanggang explosion
Songun
Yongbyon
v
t
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North Korean missiles launched over Japan
There have been a number of North Korean missile tests. North Korea has also fired a number of short-range missiles into the Sea of Japan (East Sea of Korea), in what have been interpreted as political gestures.[1][2][3][4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Timeline
2 Events related to Missile Tests
2.1 2016
2.2 2017
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Timeline[edit]
Year
Information
1976-81 North Korea commences its missile development program using Scud-B from the Soviet Union and a launchpad from Egypt.[5]
1984 First Scud-B missile test firing.[5]
1988 Operational deployment of Scud-B and Scud-C missiles.[5]
1990 First Rodong missile test.[5]
1993 1993 North Korean missile test - (May 29/30, 1993) - Nodong
1998 North Korea fires off its first ballistic missile, the Unha-1 rocket, also known as the Taepodong-1 missile, from the launch site of Musudan-ri in North Hamgyong Province.[6]
1999 North Korea agrees to a moratorium on long-range missile tests.[7]
2002 North Korea pledges to extend moratorium on missile tests beyond 2003.
2004 North Korea reaffirms moratorium.[8]
2005 North Korea fires short-range missile into Sea of Japan.[9]
2006 2006 North Korean missile test - (July 5, 2006) - Taepodong-2 failed [6]
2009 Failed orbit of the Kwangmyongsong-2 satellite aboard an Unha-2 carrier rocket (April 5, 2009)
2009 2009 North Korean missile test (July 4, 2009)
2012 Failed launch of the Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 satellite aboard an Unha-3 carrier rocket (April 13, 2012)
2012 Successful launch of the Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Unit 2 satellite aboard a three stage rocket (December 12, 2012)[6]
2013 2013 North Korean missile tests (May 18–20, 2013 - part of 2013 Korean crisis)
2014 2014 North Korean missile tests (March 2014) including Nodong, success[10]
2015 North Korea claims to launch a missile from a submarine (May 2015)[11][6]
2016 Successful launch of the Kwangmyŏngsŏng-4 satellite (February 7, 2016)
2016 Test of engine designed for an intercontinental ballistic missile (April 2016)[12]
2016 North Korea claims to launch a Pukkuksong-1[13] missile capable of striking the United States (August 2016).[14] The missile is a Submarine-launched ballistic missile.[14]
2016 Failed North Korean ballistic missile launch (October 15, 2016)- [15]
2016 Failed launch of an intermediate-range missile (October 19, 2016)[16]
2017 North Korea test-fired a Pukguksong-2 missile over the Sea of Japan. This was the first launch of the new medium-range ballistic missile (February 11, 2017).[17][18][6]
2017 North Korea launches four ballistic missiles from the Tongchang-ri launch site in the northwest.[19] Some flew 620 mi (1,000 km) before falling into the Sea of Japan. (March 6, 2017)[20][6]
2017 North Korea test-fired a medium-range ballistic missile from its eastern port of Sinpo into the Sea of Japan (April 4, 2017)[21][22][6]
2017 North Korea test-fired an unidentified land-based missile from the naval base in Sinpo but it exploded almost immediately after the takeoff (April 15, 2017).[23][24][25][26]
2017 North Korea test-fired an unidentified missile from Pukchang airfield (April 28, 2017).[27][28] Missile, believed to be a medium-range[29] KN-17 ballistic missile,[27] falters and breaks apart minutes after liftoff.[29][30]
2017 North Korea test-fired a Hwasong-12[31] missile from a test site in the area of Kusong (May 13, 2017).[32] The missile, later revealed to be an intermediate range ballistic missile,[33] traveled 30 minutes,[34] reached an altitude of more than 2,111.5 km, and flew a horizontal distance of 789 km (489 miles), before falling into the Sea of Japan.[33] Such a missile would have a range of at least 4,000, reaching Guam, to 6,000 km.[32][31]
2017 North Korea test-fired another Pukguksong-2 medium-range ballistic missile from Pukchang airfield (May 21, 2017),[35][36] which traveled approximately 300 miles before falling into the Sea of Japan.[37] The missile landed about 217 miles from North Korea's east coast.[37]
2017 North Korea fired a Short Range Ballistic Missile into the Sea of Japan (May 29, 2017). It traveled 450 km.[38]
2017 North Korea fired several missiles into the Sea of Japan (June 8, 2017). They are believed to be anti-ship missiles.[39] The South Korean military said the launches show the reclusive regime's "precise targeting capability."
2017 North Korea tested a new rocket engine that could possibly be fitted to an intercontinental ballistic missile (June 23, 2017).[40]
2017 North Korea tested its first intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) named Hwasong-14 on July 4.[41][42] It launched from the Panghyon Aircraft Factory 8 km southeast of Panghyon Airport.[43] It was aimed straight up at a lofted trajectory and reached more than 2,500 km into space.[44] It landed 37 minutes later,[45] more than 930 km from its launch site,[46] into Japan's exclusive economic zone.[47] Aiming long, the missile would have traveled 7,000-8,000 km or more, reaching Alaska, Hawaii, and maybe Seattle.[45][48][49][50][51] Its operational range would be farther, bringing a 500 kg payload to targets in most of the contiguous United States 9,700 km away.[52][53][54]
2017 The 14th missile test carried out by North Korea in 2017 was another ICBM launched at 23:41 North Korea time (15:41 GMT) from Chagang Province in the north of the country on July 28, 2017. Los Angeles, Denver, Chicago, Boston, and New York appear to be within range.[55] The missile's reentry vehicle (RV) was seen by people in Japan as it entered the atmosphere and landed near the northernmost Japanese island, Hokkaido.[56][57] Analysis later revealed that the RV broke up on re-entry; further testing would be required.[58] The CIA made an assessment expecting adequate performance of the RV under the different stresses of a shallower trajectory towards the continental US.[59]
2017 North Korea test fires three short range ballistic missiles from the Kangwon province on August 26. Two travel approximately 250 kilometers in a northeastern direction and one explodes immediately after launch.[60]
2017 On August 29, 2017, at 6 AM local time, North Korea launched a ballistic missile over Northern Japan.[61] The missile's short and low trajectory and its breakup into three pieces is consistent with the failure of a heavy post-boost vehicle.[62]
2017 North Korea launched a ballistic missile on September 15 from Sunan airfield. It reached a height of 770 km and flew a distance of 3,700 km for 17 minutes over Hokkaido before landing in the Pacific.[63]
North Korean rockets flown over the Japanese archipelago
No.
Date
Model
Area flown over
Advance notice
North Korean claim
Satellite name
1 August 31, 1998 Taepodong-1 Akita No Satellite launch Kwangmyŏngsŏng-1
2 April 5, 2009 Unha-2 Akita, Iwate Yes Satellite launch Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2
3 December 12, 2012 Unha-3 Okinawa Yes Satellite launch Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3
4 February 7, 2016 Kwangmyŏngsŏng (Unha-3) Okinawa Yes Satellite launch Kwangmyŏngsŏng-4
5 August 29, 2017 Hwasong-12 Hokkaido No Missile launch N/A
6 September 15, 2017 Hwasong-12 Hokkaido No Missile launch N/A
Events related to Missile Tests[edit]
2016[edit]
On February 7, 2016, roughly a month after an alleged hydrogen bomb test, North Korea claimed to have put a satellite into low Earth orbit. Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe had warned the North to not launch the rocket, and if it did and the rocket violated Japanese territory, it would be shot down. Nevertheless, North Korea launched the rocket anyway, claiming the satellite was purely intended for peaceful, scientific purposes. Several nations, including the United States, Japan, and South Korea, have criticized the launch, and despite North Korean claims that the rocket was for peaceful purposes, it has been heavily criticized as an attempt to perform an ICBM test under the guise of a peaceful satellite launch. China also criticized the launch, however urged "the relevant parties" to "refrain from taking actions that may further escalate tensions on the Korean peninsula".[64]
While some North Korean pronouncements have been treated with skepticism and ridicule, analysts treated the unusual pace of North Korean rocket and nuclear testing in early 2016 quite seriously. Admiral Bill Gortney, head of the North American Aerospace Defense Command, told Congress in March 2016, "It's the prudent decision on my part to assume that [Kim Jong Un] has the capability to miniaturize a nuclear weapon and put it on an ICBM," suggesting a major shift from a few years earlier.[65]
North Korea appeared to launch a missile test from a submarine on April 23, 2016; while the missile only traveled 30 km, one U.S. analyst noted that "North Korea's sub launch capability has gone from a joke to something very serious".[66] North Korea conducted multiple missile tests in 2016.[67]
2017[edit]
On August 29, 2017 United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres has condemned the latest North Korea Ballistic Missile Launch and termed it as violation of relevant UN Security Council resolutions, as According to press reports, early Tuesday morning, the North Korea Ballistic Missile travelled some 2,700 kilometers, flying over Japan before crashing into the Pacific Ocean.[68]
On September 3, 2017, North Korea claimed to have successfully tested a thermonuclear bomb, also known as a hydrogen bomb. Corresponding seismic activity similar to an earthquake of magnitude 6.3 was reported by the USGS making the blast around 10 times more powerful than previous detonations by the country.[69] Later the bomb yield was estimated to be 250 kilotons, based on further study of the seismic data.[70] The test was reported to be "a perfect success".[71]
See also[edit]
North Korea portal
Weapons of mass destruction portal
North Korea and weapons of mass destruction
Korean War
Korean People's Army
Foreign relations of North Korea
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Tokyo, Tom Phillips Justin McCurry in; agencies (April 16, 2017). "North Korea launches missile but test ends in failure". Archived from the original on April 16, 2017 – via The Guardian.
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Jump up ^ Sang-Hun, Choe; Sanger, David E.; Broad, William J. (April 15, 2017). "North Korean Missile Launch Fails, and a Show of Strength Fizzles". New York Times. Archived from the original on April 16, 2017. Retrieved April 16, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on April 29, 2017. Retrieved April 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ "North Korea Test-Fires Another Missile, Heightening Tensions With U.S.". April 28, 2017. Archived from the original on April 28, 2017. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on April 29, 2017. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.wtol.com/story/35273991/seoul-n-korea-fails-in-missile-test-fire-near-its-capital
^ Jump up to: a b Wright, David. "North Korea’s Missile in New Test Would Have 4,500 km Range". All Things Nuclear. Union of Concerned Scientists. Archived from the original on May 25, 2017. Retrieved July 4, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Ju-min Park; Idrees Ali (May 14, 2017). "North Korea fires missile that lands in sea near Russia". Reuters. Thomson Reuters. Archived from the original on June 3, 2017. Retrieved July 4, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on June 6, 2017. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on May 14, 2017. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
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Jump up ^ "Pyongyang’s short-range ballistic missile flies 450 km, lands in Sea of Japan – S. Korean military". RT International. Archived from the original on May 28, 2017. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ Rich, Motoko (June 7, 2017). "North Korea Fires More Missiles as Seoul Puts Off U.S. Defense System". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "North Korea tests new missile engine, US officials say". BBC News. June 23, 2017. Archived from the original on June 23, 2017. Retrieved June 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Stella Kim; Alastair Jamieson; Courtney Kube (July 4, 2017). "North Korea Tested Intercontinental Ballistic Missile, U.S. Officials Believe". NBC News. Comcast. Archived from the original on July 4, 2017. Retrieved July 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "North Korea hails 'successful ICBM' test of Hwasong-14". BBC News. July 4, 2017. Retrieved July 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "North Korea’s Hwasong-14 Missile Launch Site Identified: The Panghyon Aircraft Factory". 38 North. Retrieved July 6, 2017. 39.872126 N 125.269258 E
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^ Jump up to: a b Wright, David. "North Korea Appears to Launch Missile with 6,700 km Range". All Things Nuclear. Union of Concerned Scientists. Archived from the original on July 4, 2017. Retrieved July 4, 2017.
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Jump up ^ Broad & Sanger NYT (31 July 2017) "Success of North Korean Missile Test Is Thrown Into Question"
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External links[edit]
Chronology of U.S.-North Korean Nuclear and Missile Diplomacy, by the Arms Control Association
[show]
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Missiles of North Korea
Short-range
KN-2
OTR-21 Tochka
Persian Gulf (missile)
Fateh-110
Luna-M
Luna
Hwasong-5
Hwasong-6
Medium-range
Rodong-1
Hwasong-10
Pukguksong-2
Intermediate-range
Hwasong-10
Hwasong-12
KN-08
Taepodong-1
ICBM
KN-08
Hwasong-14
Taepodong-2
SLBM
Pukkuksong-1
Cruise missiles
KN-19 Kumsong-3\4
KN-09 (Local variant of Kh-35)
C-602
C-802
P-35
P-15 KN-1
Silkworm KN-1
Anti-ship missiles
KN-19 Kumsong-3\4
KN-09 (Local variant of Kh-35)
C-602
C-802
Kh-28
P-35
P-15 KN-1
Silkworm KN-1
Surface-to-air missiles
KN-06
S-200
S-25 Berkut
S-75 Dvina
S-125 Neva/Pechora
Buk
Kub
Krug
Air to air missiles
R/K-13
R-23/24
R-60
R-73/74
R-27
R-4
R-40
R/K-8
K-9 R-38
Anti-tank guided missiles
AT-1
AT-2
AT-3 Susong-Po
AT-4 Bulsae-2
AT-5 Bulsae-3
AT-6
AT-7
Air to ground missiles
Kh-23
AS-8
Kh-28
Kh-25
Kh-29
KN-09 (Local variant of Kh-35)
Anti-ship ballistic missiles
Persian Gulf (missile)
Fateh-110
Artillery rockets and MRLs
KN-09
M-1991
M1985
BM-24
BMD-20
BM-11
M-1985
Type 63
Missile tests
1993
2006
2009
2013
2014
2017
[show]
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North Korea and weapons of mass destruction
Main topics
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text:
Can't Get Enough of Your Love, Babe
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Can't Get Enough of Your Love, Babe"
Single by Barry White
from the album Can't Get Enough
B-side
"Just Not Enough"
Released
July 25, 1974
Format
7 inch vinyl
Recorded
1974
Genre
Disco, soul
Length
3:28 (Single version)
4:31 (Album version)
Label
Philips, 20th Century Fox
Songwriter(s)
Barry White
Producer(s)
Barry White
Barry White singles chronology
"Honey Please, Can't Ya See"
(1974) "Can't Get Enough of Your Love, Babe"
(1974) "You're the First, the Last, My Everything"
(1974)
"Honey Please, Can't Ya See"
(1974) "Can't Get Enough of Your Love, Babe"
(1974) "You're the First, the Last, My Everything"
(1974)
Audio sample
file
help
"Can't Get Enough of Your Love, Babe" is a song written, recorded, and produced by Barry White. Released as the first single from his album Can't Get Enough in 1974, the song topped the US Billboard Hot 100 and R&B charts[1] and has since become one of his signature tunes. It was his second US chart-topper, after "Love's Theme". It became a gold record.
White performed this song live on The Midnight Special in 1974, and on Soul Train on May 24, 1975.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Chart performance
2 Taylor Dayne version
2.1 Track listing
2.2 Charts
2.2.1 Weekly charts
2.2.2 Year-end charts
3 In popular culture
4 References
5 External links
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (1974)
Peak
position
Australia (Kent Music Report)[3]
23
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[4]
17
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[citation needed]
5
France (SNEP)[5]
57
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[6]
12
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[7]
8
US Billboard Hot 100[8]
1
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[9]
26
US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)[10]
1
Taylor Dayne version[edit]
"Can't Get Enough of Your Love"
CD Single Cover
Single by Taylor Dayne
from the album Soul Dancing
B-side
"Let's Spend the Night Together"
Released
June 10, 1993 [1]
Format
Cassette single
CD single
12" vinyl
Recorded
1993
Genre
Pop
Length
4:25
Label
Arista
Songwriter(s)
Barry White
Producer(s)
David Cole, Robert Clivillés
Taylor Dayne singles chronology
"Heart of Stone"
(1990) "Can't Get Enough of Your Love"
(1993) "Send Me a Lover"
(1993)
"Heart of Stone"
(1990) "Can't Get Enough of Your Love"
(1993) "Send Me a Lover"
(1993)
In 1993 the song was covered – as "Can't Get Enough of Your Love" – by Taylor Dayne. When Dayne submitted her planned third album to Arista Records, label president Clive Davis strongly suggested that she remake the Barry White classic to serve as the album's lead single (replacing Dayne's choice, the self-penned "I'll Wait" which was the planned title cut; the album's title was amended to Soul Dancing).
Produced by David Cole and Robert Clivillés of C+C Music Factory, Dayne's "Can't Get Enough of Your Love" became a smash dance club hit peaking at #2.[11] However, the track evinced a sharp drop in Dayne's profile on the Billboard Hot 100 with a #20 peak; Dayne's first seven singles had all reached the Top Ten but her eighth single "Heart of Stone" peaked at #12. "Can't Get Enough of Your Love" was her final Top 40 hit with the follow-up single, "Send Me a Lover", being her last Hot 100 entry.
The track had more impact for Dayne internationally; in Australia, it spent three weeks at #2 in August 1993.
Track listing[edit]
"Can't Get Enough of Your Love, Babe" (Album version) – 4:25
"Can't Get Enough of Your Love, Babe" (C+C extended club mix I) – 6:05
"Can't Get Enough of Your Love, Babe" (C+C extended club mix II) – 6:46
"Can't Get Enough of Your Love, Babe" (C+C special edition mix) – 6:12
"Let's Spend the Night Together" – 5:35
Charts[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1993)
Peak
position
US Billboard Hot 100 20
US Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks 14
US Billboard Hot Dance Club Play 2
UK Singles Chart 14
Australian Singles Chart 2
Japanese Orican Singles Chart 6
Swiss Singles Chart 17
Austrian Singles Chart 29
Dutch Singles Chart[12] 9
Swedish Singles Chart 34
German Singles Chart 56
Mainstream Top 40
8
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1993)
Position
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[13] 67
US Billboard Hot 100[14] 99
In popular culture[edit]
The Barry White recording was featured in the films Cookie (1989), Win a Date with Tad Hamilton! (2004), Robots (2005), and 16 Blocks (2006), where the song appeared on the soundtrack and, in the film, was heard during the closing credits.
The song appears in several episodes of the Fox TV series The Simpsons, most notably, during scenes in "Whacking Day" and "The Last Temptation of Homer". Barry White was a big fan of The Simpsons. He recorded a version specially for the episode "Whacking Day", in which he also appeared as a guest star. The song also appeared in the 1994 clip show episode in one of the clips at the end.
The song also appears on the original motion picture soundtrack for the movie Beautiful Girls (1996), performed by the band Afghan Whigs.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942–2004. Record Research. p. 620.
Jump up ^ The Best of Soul Train Live (booklet). Time Life. 2011.
Jump up ^ Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992 (doc). Australian Chart Book, St Ives, N.S.W. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Barry White – Can't Get Enough Of Your Love, Babe" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Lescharts.com – Barry White – Can't Get Enough Of Your Love, Babe" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Barry White – Can't Get Enough Of Your Love, Babe" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Barry White: Artist Chart History". Official Charts Company. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Barry White Chart History (Hot 100)" Billboard. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Barry White Chart History (Adult Contemporary)" Billboard. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Barry White Chart History (Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs)" Billboard. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). Hot Dance/Disco: 1974–2003. Record Research. p. 71.
Jump up ^ "Taylor Dayne - Can't Get Enough of Your Love". DutchCharts. Retrieved November 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "RPM 100 Hit Tracks of 1993". RPM. Retrieved November 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Billboard Top 100 – 1993". Archived from the original on 2006-11-10. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Preceded by
"I Shot the Sheriff" by Eric Clapton Billboard Hot 100 number-one single (Barry White version)
September 21, 1974 (one week) Succeeded by
"Rock Me Gently" by Andy Kim
Preceded by
"Feel Like Makin' Love" by Roberta Flack Billboard Hot Soul Singles number-one single (Barry White version)
September 7, 1974 - September 21 1974 (three weeks) Succeeded by
"You Haven't Done Nothin'" by Stevie Wonder
[show]
v
t
e
Barry White
Studio albums
I've Got So Much to Give (1973)
Stone Gon' (1973)
Can't Get Enough (1974)
Just Another Way to Say I Love You (1975)
Let the Music Play (1976)
Is This Whatcha Wont? (1976)
Barry White Sings for Someone You Love (1977)
The Man (1978)
I Love to Sing the Songs I Sing (1979)
The Message Is Love (1979)
Sheet Music (1980)
Barry & Glodean (with Glodean White) (1981)
Beware! (1981)
Change (1982)
Dedicated (1983)
The Right Night & Barry White (1987)
The Man Is Back! (1989)
Put Me in Your Mix (1991)
The Icon Is Love (1994)
Staying Power (1999)
Compilations
Barry White's Greatest Hits (1975)
Barry White's Greatest Hits Vol. 2 (1977)
Heart and Soul (1985)
The Collection (1988)
Just for You (1992)
All-Time Greatest Hits (1994)
The Ultimate Collection (2000)
Love Songs (2003)
The Millennium Collection: The Best of Barry White (2003)
White Gold: The Very Best of Barry White (2005)
Gold (2006)
Number Ones (2009)
Unlimited (2009)
Icon (2010)
Icon 2 (2010)
Singles
"Man Ain't Nothin"
"All in the Run of a Day"
"In the Ghetto"
"I'm Gonna Love You Just a Little More Baby"
"I've Got So Much to Give"
"Never, Never Gonna Give Ya Up"
"Can't Get Enough of Your Love, Babe"
"You're the First, the Last, My Everything"
"What Am I Gonna Do with You"
"I'll Do for You Anything You Want Me To"
"Let the Music Play"
"You See the Trouble with Me"
"Baby, We Better Try to Get It Together"
"Don't Make Me Wait Too Long"
"I'm Qualified to Satisfy You"
"It's Ecstasy When You Lay Down Next to Me"
"Playing Your Game, Baby"
"Oh, What a Night for Dancing"
"Your Sweetness Is My Weakness"
"Just the Way You Are"
"Sha La La Means I Love You"
"It's Only Love Doing Its Thing"
"Any Fool Can See (You Were Meant for Me)"
"It Ain't Love, Babe (Until You Give It)"
"I Love to Sing the Songs I Sing"
"How Did You Know It Was Me?"
"Love Ain't Easy"
"Sheet Music"
"Love Makin' Music"
"I Believe in Love"
"Didn't We Make It Happen, Baby" (with Glodean White)
"I Want You" (with Glodean White)
"You're the Only One for Me" (with Glodean White)
"Louie Louie"
"Beware"
"Change"
"Passion"
"America"
"Don't Let Them Blow Your Mind"
"Sho' You Right"
"For Your Love (I'll Do Most Anything)"
"Never, Never Gonna Give You Up" (Paul Hardcastle Remix)
"Super Lover"
"Follow That and See (Where It Leads Y'All)"
"I Wanna Do It Good to Ya"
"When Will I See You Again"
"Put Me in Your Mix"
"Dark and Lovely (You Over There)" (with Isaac Hayes)
"Practice What You Preach"
"Love Is the Icon"
"Come On"
"I Only Want to Be with You"
"There It Is"
"Staying Power"
"The Longer We Make Love" (with Lisa Stansfield & Chaka Khan)
"Let the Music Play" (Funkstar Deluxe Remixes)
Featured singles
"The Secret Garden (Sweet Seduction Suite)" (with Quincy Jones, Al B. Sure!, James Ingram, & El DeBarge)
"All of Me" (with Big Daddy Kane)
"Slow Jams" (with Quincy Jones, Babyface, Tamia, & Portrait)
"In Your Wildest Dreams" (with Tina Turner)
Related articles
Discography
Love Unlimited
The Love Unlimited Orchestra
[show]
v
t
e
Taylor Dayne
Studio albums
Tell It to My Heart (1988)
Can't Fight Fate (1989)
Soul Dancing (1993)
Naked Without You (1998)
Satisfied (2008)
Compilations
Greatest Hits (1995)
Singles
"Tell It to My Heart"
"Prove Your Love"
"I'll Always Love You"
"Don't Rush Me"
"With Every Beat of My Heart"
"Love Will Lead You Back"
"I'll Be Your Shelter"
"Heart of Stone"
"Can't Get Enough of Your Love"
"Send Me a Lover"
"Original Sin"
"Say a Prayer"
"Whatever You Want"
"Naked Without You"
"Planet Love"
"How Many"
"Beautiful"
"Facing a Miracle"
Related articles
Arista Records
Discography
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Can%27t_Get_Enough_of_Your_Love,_Babe&oldid=813051791"
Categories:
1974 singles
1993 singles
Barry White songs
Taylor Dayne songs
Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles
Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs number-one singles
Song recordings produced by Robert Clivillés
Songs written by Barry White
20th Century Fox Records singles
Arista Records singles
Philips Records singles
1974 songs
Songs about sexuality
Hidden categories:
Articles with hAudio microformats
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text:
Control unit
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article is about the component of a computer's CPU. For other uses, see Control unit (disambiguation).
The control unit (CU) is a component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that directs the operation of the processor. It tells the computer's memory, arithmetic/logic unit and input and output devices how to respond to the instructions that have been sent to the processor.[1]
It directs the operation of the other units by providing timing and control signals. Most computer resources are managed by the CU. It directs the flow of data between the CPU and the other devices. John von Neumann included the control unit as part of the von Neumann architecture.[2] In modern computer designs, the control unit is typically an internal part of the CPU with its overall role and operation unchanged since its introduction.[citation needed]
Contents
1 Functions of the control unit
2 Hardwired control unit
3 Microprogram control unit
4 See also
5 References
Functions of the control unit[edit]
The Control Unit (CU) is digital circuitry contained within the processor that coordinates the sequence of data movements into, out of, and between a processor's many sub-units. The result of these routed data movements through various digital circuits (sub-units) within the processor produces the manipulated data expected by a software instruction (loaded earlier, likely from memory). It controls (conducts) data flow inside the processor and additionally provides several external control signals to the rest of the computer to further direct data and instructions to/from processor external destinations (i.e. memory).[citation needed]
Examples of devices that require a CU are CPUs and graphics processing units (GPUs). The CU receives external instructions or commands which it converts into a sequence of control signals that the CU applies to the data path to implement a sequence of register-transfer level operations.[3]
More precisely, the Control Unit (CU) is generally a sizable collection of complex digital circuitry interconnecting and directing the many execution units (i.e. ALU, data buffers, registers) contained within a CPU. The CU is normally the first CPU unit to accept from an externally stored computer program, a single instruction (based on the CPU's instruction set). The CU then decodes this individual instruction into several sequential steps (fetching addresses/data from registers/ memory, managing execution [i.e. data sent to the ALU or I/O], and storing the resulting data back into registers/memory) that controls and coordinates the CPU's inner works to properly manipulate the data. The design of these sequential steps are based on the needs of each instruction and can range in number of steps, the order of execution, and which units are enabled.
Thus by only using a program of set instructions in memory, the CU will configure all the CPU's data flows as needed to manipulate the data correctly between instructions. This results in a computer that could run a complete program and require no human intervention to make hardware changes between instructions (as had to be done when using only punch cards for computations before stored programmed computers with CUs were invented). These detailed steps from the CU dictate which of the CPU's interconnecting hardware control signals to enable/disable or which CPU units are selected/de-selected and the unit's proper order of execution as required by the instruction's operation to produce the desired manipulated data. Additionally, the CU's orderly hardware coordination properly sequences these control signals then configures the many hardware units comprising the CPU, directing how data should also be moved, changed, and stored outside the CPU (i.e. memory) according to the instruction's objective.
Depending on the type of instruction entering the CU, the order and number of sequential steps produced by the CU could vary the selection and configuration of which parts of the CPU's hardware are utilized to achieve the instruction's objective (mainly moving, storing, and modifying data within the CPU). This one feature, that efficiently uses just software instructions to control/select/configure a computer's CPU hardware (via the CU) and eventually manipulates a program's data, is a significant reason most modern computers are flexible and universal when running various programs. As compared to some 1930s or 1940s computers without a proper CU, they often required rewiring their hardware when changing programs. This CU instruction decode process is then repeated when the Program Counter is incremented to the next stored program address and the new instruction enters the CU from that address, and so on till the programs end.
Other more advanced forms of Control Units manage the translation of instructions (but not the data containing portion) into several micro-instructions and the CU manages the scheduling of the micro-instructions between the selected execution units to which the data is then channeled and changed according to the execution unit's function (i.e., ALU contains several functions). On some processors, the Control Unit may be further broken down into additional units, such as an instruction unit or scheduling unit to handle scheduling, or a retirement unit to deal with results coming from the instruction pipeline. Again, the Control Unit orchestrates the main functions of the CPU: carrying out stored instructions in the software program then directing the flow of data throughout the computer based upon these instructions (roughly likened to how traffic lights will systematically control the flow of cars [containing data] to different locations within the traffic grid [CPU] until it parks at the desired parking spot [memory address/register].[citation needed] The car occupants [data] then go into the building [execution unit] and comes back changed in some way then get back into the car and returns to another location via the controlled traffic grid).
Hardwired control unit[edit]
Hardwired control units are implemented through use of combinational logic units, featuring a finite number of gates that can generate specific results based on the instructions that were used to invoke those responses. Hardwired control units are generally faster than microprogrammed designs.[4]
Their design uses a fixed architecture—it requires changes in the wiring if the instruction set is modified or changed. This architecture is preferred in reduced instruction set computers (RISC) as they use a simpler instruction set.[citation needed]
A controller that uses this approach can operate at high speed; however, it has little flexibility, and the complexity of the instruction set it can implement is limited.[citation needed]
The hardwired approach has become less popular as computers have evolved. Previously, control units for CPUs used ad-hoc logic, and they were difficult to design.[5]
[1]
Microprogram control unit[edit]
Main article: Microcode
The idea of microprogramming was introduced by Maurice Wilkes in 1951 as an intermediate level to execute computer program instructions. Microprograms were organized as a sequence of microinstructions and stored in special control memory. The algorithm for the microprogram control unit,unlike the hardwired control unit, is usually specified by flowchart description.[6] The main advantage of the microprogram control unit is the simplicity of its structure. Outputs of the controller are organized in microinstructions and they can be easily replaced.[7]
See also[edit]
CPU design
Computer architecture
Richards controller
Controller (computing)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Patterson, David; Hennessy, John (2011). Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware/Software Interface, 4th ed., revised. Morgan Kaufmann. ISBN 978-0-12-374750-1.
Jump up ^ von Neumann, John (1945), First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC (PDF), Moore School of Electrical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, archived from the original (PDF) on March 14, 2013
Jump up ^ Englander, Irv (2009). The Architecture of Computer Hardware, Systems Software, & Networking, 4th Ed. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Jump up ^ "MICRO-PROGRAMMED VERSUS HARDWIRED CONTROL UNITS;". www.cs.binghamton.edu. Archived from the original on 2017-04-30. Retrieved 2017-02-17.
Jump up ^ Williams, R. D.; Klenke, R. H.; Aylor, J. H. (May 2003). "Teaching computer design using virtual prototyping". IEEE Transactions on Education. 46 (2): 296–301. doi:10.1109/te.2002.808278. ISSN 0018-9359. Archived from the original on 2018-01-06.
Jump up ^ Barkalov, Alexander (2009). Logic synthesis for FSM based control units / Alexander Barkalov and Larysa Titarenko. Berlin: Springer. ISBN 978-3-642-04308-6.
Jump up ^ Wiśniewski, Remigiusz (2009). Synthesis of compositional microprogram control units for programmable devices. Zielona Góra: University of Zielona Góra. p. 153. ISBN 978-83-7481-293-1.
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Prefabricated home
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Construction of a prefabricated modular house (see also time-lapse video)
Prefabricated homes, often referred to as prefab homes or simply prefabs, are specialist dwelling types of prefabricated building, which are manufactured off-site in advance, usually in standard sections that can be easily shipped and assembled. Some current prefab home designs include architectural details inspired by postmodernism or futurist architecture.
Contents
1 Word origin
2 Prefabricated housing
2.1 Manufactured homes
3 History
3.1 North America
3.1.1 United States
3.2 Zoning issues
4 Europe
4.1 United Kingdom
5 Australia and Asia
6 The future
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Word origin[edit]
"Loren" Iron House, at Old Gippstown in Moe, Australia
The word ‘prefab’ is not an industry term like modular home, manufactured home, panelized home or site-built home. The term is an amalgamation of panelized and modular building systems, and can mean either one. In today's usage the term ‘prefab’ is more closely related to the style of home, usually modernist, rather than to a particular method of home construction.
Prefabricated housing[edit]
Uninhabited prefabricated council houses in Seacroft, Leeds, UK
‘Prefabricated’ may refer to buildings built in components (e.g. panels), modules (modular homes) or transportable sections (manufactured homes), and may also be used to refer to mobile homes, i.e., houses on wheels. Although similar, the methods and design of the three vary widely. There are two-level home plans, as well as custom home plans. There are considerable differences in the construction types. In the U.S., mobile and manufactured houses are constructed in accordance with HUD building codes, while modular houses are constructed in accordance with the IBC (International Building Code).
Modular homes are created in sections, and then transported to the home site for construction and installation. These are typically installed and treated like a regular house, for financing, appraisal and construction purposes, and are usually the most expensive of the three. Although the sections of the house are prefabricated, the sections, or modules, are put together at the construction much like a typical home. Manufactured homes, once placed on a permanent foundation, are considered the same as modular or site build homes for appraisal purposes.
Manufactured homes are built onto steel beams, and are transported in complete sections to the home site, where they are assembled. Wheels, hitch and axles are removed on site when the home is placed on a permanent foundation.
Mobile homes, or trailers, are built on wheels, that can be pulled by a vehicle. They are considered to be personal property, and are licensed by the Dept. of Motor Vehicles. "Tiny homes", which are gaining in popularity, are within this category. They must be built to the DMV code, and pass inspection for licensing.
Mobile homes and manufactured homes can be placed in mobile home parks, and manufactured homes can also be placed on private land, unless the land is within a subdivision whose CC&Rs prohibit manufactured housing.
Interior of a preserved prefab at St Fagans National History Museum, Cardiff, UK
Manufactured homes[edit]
Main article: Manufactured housing
Constructing manufactured homes typically involves connecting plumbing and electrical lines across the sections, and sealing the sections together. Manufactured homes can be single, double or triple-wide, describing how many sections wide it is. Many manufactured home companies manufacture a variety of different designs, and many of the floorplans are available online. Manufactured homes can be built onto a permanent foundation, and if designed correctly, can be difficult to distinguish from a stick-built home to the untrained eye.[citation needed]
Manufactured homes are typically purchased from a retail sales company, initially assembled by a local contracting company, and follow-up repairs performed by the manufactured home company under warranty.
A manufactured home, once assembled, goes through a ‘settling-in’ period, where the home will settle into its location. During this period, some drywall cracking may appear, and any incorrectly installed appliances, wiring or plumbing should be repaired, hopefully under warranty. If not covered under warranty, the costs will be borne by the consumer. For this reason, it is important that the consumer ensure that a reputable and honest contractor is used for the initial set-up. If any repairs are not completed by the initial set-up crew, the manufacturer will send repair crews to repair anything covered by the warranty. The secondary repair team must be scheduled, and may not be available immediately for most repairs. Just because a manufactured home has been assembled does not mean it is immediately habitable; appropriate ventilation, heating, plumbing, and electrical systems must be installed by a set-up crew, otherwise, the buyer must wait for the manufacturer repair team or do it themselves.
History[edit]
The first prefabricated homes and movable structures were invented in 16th century in India by Akbar. These structures were reported by Arif Qandahari in 1579.[1] It can be proved that the first mention of a prefabricated building was in 1160 to 1170 by Wace as confirmed by Pierre Bouet. In the special May/June 2015 edition of the French magazine Historia, he spoke of a castle transported by Normans in 'kit' form. According to Bouet, Wace's epic poem Roman de Rou, verses 6,516–6,526, states: "They took out of the ship beams of wood and dragged them to the ground. Then the Count (Earl) who brought them, (the beams) already pierced and planed, carved and trimmed, the pegs (raw-plugs/dowels) already trimmed and transported in barrels, erected a castle, had a moat dug around it and thus had constructed a big fortress during the night."
North America[edit]
Wooden homes have always been popular in North America, due to the large quantity of timber available in North America. In the United States, several companies including Sears Catalog Homes began offering mail-order kit homes between 1902 and 1910.[2] In the United Kingdom, more than 156,000 prefabricated homes were built between 1945 and 1948.[3] After the World War II until 1948, Sell-Fertighaus GmbH built over 5,000 prefabricated houses in Germany for the occupying force of the United States.[citation needed]
United States[edit]
A modern North American log style prefabricated house
The prefab house requires much less labor compared to conventional houses. Most of the companies[clarification needed] sell pre-manufactured modular homes called ‘mobile homes’ or ‘manufactured homes’.
Local governments in North America generally have specialized regulations such as HUD regulations besides general building codes, applicable to pre-manufactured housing.
Zoning issues[edit]
Manufactured homes are not permitted in some communities, and therefore, a prospective homeowner should check the local construction law and zoning code pertaining to prefab homes.
Europe[edit]
German-manufactured Huf Haus near West Linton, Scotland
There is no pan-EU housing standard for this kind of home construction, as regulation has historically been at the national government level. There are however many EU directives that do apply to housing construction and design, but these directives do not directly affect the inter-EU modular home sector due to inter-EU free trade considerations. However, each modular home is legally expected or obliged to be integrated into the local building regulations once the final construction is finished.
United Kingdom[edit]
A post-Second World War English prefabricated house, adjoining a similar property reconstructed in brick
Main article: British post-war temporary prefab houses
In the United Kingdom the word ‘prefab’ is often associated with a specific type of prefabricated house built in large numbers after the Second World War,[4] such as Airey houses, as a temporary replacement for housing that had been destroyed by bombs, particularly in London.
Despite the intention that these dwellings would be a strictly temporary measure, many remained inhabited for years and even decades after the end of the war. A small number are still in use in the 21st century, but more and more are being demolished. In 2011 it was announced that Britain’s largest remaining prefab estate of 187 homes in Lewisham, South-East London, is to be redeveloped except for six homes.[5]
Prefabs were also built in the First World War such as the still occupied houses in Austin Village, Birmingham.
The latest iteration of the idea is a development of 36 apartments called y:cube made by the YMCA in Mitcham, South London [6]
Australia and Asia[edit]
An Australian prefabricated house
There are a small number of prefab home builders in Australia. In the overall housing sector, prefab housing construction is very small as the overall rate of housing construction has been very low due to slow population growth.
The prefab sector in Australia is more optimised for exporting its product, as domestic consumption is limited.
In 2010, Bali exported 98,417 prefabicated houses, but in 2011 the country only exported 5,007 units due to the global economic slowdown that affected a number of export destinations. These Balinese prefab houses are well known for their artistic design and practical value.[7]
The future[edit]
Prefab homes are becoming popular in Europe, Canada and United States as they are relatively cheap when compared to many existing homes on the market. The 2007 finance crisis has however deflated the cost of housing in North America and Europe, so not all prefab homes should be assumed to be cheaper than existing housing.
Modern architects are experimenting with prefabrication as a means to deliver well-designed and mass-produced modern homes. Modern architecture forgoes referential decoration and instead features clean lines and open floor plans.
Because of the design simplifications modern architecture provides (coupled with the cost savings that tend go with design simplification) many in the manufactured housing sector generally feel that modern architecture designs are better suited for prefab home construction.
See also[edit]
Prefabrication
Rocio Romero
Manufactured housing
Modular building
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Irfan Habib (1992), "Akbar and Technology", Social Scientist 20 (9-10): 3-15 [3-4]
Jump up ^ "The Whole Kit and Caboodle". Washington Post. 2002-02-07. Retrieved 2011-11-10.
Jump up ^ "The century makers: 1945". The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group. 2003-10-11. Retrieved 2011-06-27.
Jump up ^ White, R.B.; Colin Chant (1999). David C. Goodman, ed. The European cities and technology reader: industrial to post-industrial city Cities and technology series. Routledge. pp. 221–228. ISBN 0-415-20082-2.
Jump up ^ Storr, Will (19 August 2011). "Bulldozers home in on historic prefab estate". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 10 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "YMCA and RSH+P's innovative factory-built affordable housing scheme welcomes first tenants in south west London - YMCA St Paul's Group". 8 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "Bali`s prefab house exports plunge". February 26, 2012.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prefabricated housing.
National Association of Home Builders (US) - "NAHB's Building Systems Council's Concrete, Log, Modular, and Panelized Homes
"Out & about: architecture: Prefab sproutings" by Jonathan Glancey in Guardian Unlimited, Wednesday August 31, 2005, accessed 12 October 2007
From Africa to Queens Waterfront, a Modernist Gem for Sale to the Highest Bidder by William Hamilton in the NY Times on 1950s French modernist prefab built for Africa
Article about Mobilhome Corporation of America, which sold completely prefabricated homes from 1946-1952
Housing portal
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values:
/wiki/Prefabricated_home
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: المنازل مسبقة الصنع – Arabic

values: पूर्वनिर्मित घर – Hindi

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Prefabricated_home rootpage-Prefabricated_home skin-vector action-view