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Zecharia Sitchin
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"Twelfth planet" redirects here. For other uses, see Twelfth planet (disambiguation).
"Nibiru (hypothetical planet)" redirects here. For the doomsday theory, see Nibiru cataclysm.
Zecharia Sitchin
Заха́рия Си́тчин (in Russian)
Born
(1920-07-11)July 11, 1920
Baku, Azerbaijan SSR
Died
October 9, 2010(2010-10-09) (aged 90)
New York City, U.S.
Citizenship
United States
Education
London School of Economics, University of London
Occupation
Author
Known for
Ancient astronauts
Website
www.sitchin.com
Zecharia Sitchin (Azerbaijani: Zaxariya Sitçin; Russian: Заха́рия Си́тчин; July 11, 1920 – October 9, 2010)[1] was an Azerbaijani-born American author of books proposing an explanation for human origins involving ancient astronauts. Sitchin attributed the creation of the ancient Sumerian culture to the Anunnaki, which he stated was a race of extraterrestrials from a planet beyond Neptune called Nibiru. He asserted that Sumerian mythology suggests that this hypothetical planet of Nibiru is in an elongated, 3,600-year-long elliptical orbit around the sun. Sitchin's books have sold millions of copies worldwide and have been translated into more than 25 languages.
Sitchin's ideas have been rejected by scientists and academics, who dismiss his work as pseudoscience and pseudohistory. His work has been criticized for flawed methodology and mistranslations of ancient texts as well as for incorrect astronomical and scientific claims.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Ideas and works
3 Influence
4 Criticisms
4.1 Translations and interpretations
4.2 Astronomical and scientific observations
4.3 Literalism of myth
5 Bibliography
5.1 Earth Chronicles volumes
5.2 Companion volumes
5.3 Earth Chronicles expeditions
5.4 Novels
5.5 Associated
5.6 DVDs
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
8.1 Criticisms
Early life[edit]
Sitchin was born in the Azerbaijan SSR, but was raised in Mandatory Palestine. He received a degree in economics from the University of London, and was an editor and journalist in Mandatory Palestine, before moving to New York in 1952. While working as an executive for a shipping company, he taught himself Sumerian cuneiform and visited several archaeological sites.[3][4]
Ideas and works[edit]
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Sitchin posing with an enlarged, purported 6000-year-old cylinder seal impression
Similar to earlier authors such as Immanuel Velikovsky and Erich von Däniken, Sitchin advocated hypotheses in which extraterrestrial events supposedly played a significant role in ancient human history.
According to Sitchin's interpretation of Mesopotamian iconography and symbolism, outlined in his 1976 book The 12th Planet and its sequels, there is an undiscovered planet beyond Neptune that follows a long, elliptical orbit, reaching the inner solar system roughly every 3,600 years. This planet is called Nibiru (although Jupiter was the planet associated with the god Marduk in Babylonian cosmology).[5] According to Sitchin, Nibiru (whose name was replaced with MARDUK in original legends by the Babylonian ruler of the same name in an attempt to co-opt the creation for himself, leading to some confusion among readers) collided catastrophically with Tiamat (a goddess in the Babylonian creation myth the Enûma Eliš), which he considers to be another planet once located between Mars and Jupiter. This collision supposedly formed the planet Earth, the asteroid belt, and the comets. Sitchin states that when struck by one of planet Nibiru's moons, Tiamat split in two, and then on a second pass Nibiru itself struck the broken fragments and one half of Tiamat became the asteroid belt. The second half, struck again by one of Nibiru's moons, was pushed into a new orbit and became today's planet Earth.
According to Sitchin, Nibiru (called "the twelfth planet" because, Sitchin claimed, the Sumerians' gods-given conception of the Solar System counted all eight planets, plus Pluto, the Sun and the Moon) was the home of a technologically advanced human-like extraterrestrial race called the Anunnaki in Sumerian myth, who Sitchin states are called the Nephilim in Genesis. He wrote that they evolved after Nibiru entered the solar system, and they first arrived on Earth probably 450,000 years ago, looking for minerals, especially gold, which they found and mined in Africa. Sitchin states that these "gods" were the rank-and-file workers of the colonial expedition to Earth from planet Nibiru.
According to Sitchin, Enki (the Sumerian god of water and human culture) suggested that to relieve the Anunnaki, who had mutinied over their dissatisfaction with their working conditions, that primitive workers (Homo sapiens) be created by genetic engineering as slaves to replace them in the gold mines by crossing extraterrestrial genes with those of Homo erectus.[6][7] According to Sitchin, ancient inscriptions report that the human civilization in Sumer, Mesopotamia, was set up under the guidance of these "gods", and human kingship was inaugurated to provide intermediaries between mankind and the Anunnaki (creating the "divine right of kings" doctrine). Sitchin believes that fallout from nuclear weapons, used during a war between factions of the extraterrestrials, is the "evil wind" described in the Lament for Ur that destroyed Ur around 2000 BC. Sitchin states the exact year is 2024 BC.[8] Sitchin says that his research coincides with many biblical texts, and that biblical texts come originally from Sumerian writings.
Influence[edit]
Theatrical performance of ENKI based on the writings of Zecharia Sitchin.
Since the release of his first book The 12th Planet in 1976, now in its 45th printing, Sitchin has written seven other books as part of his Earth Chronicles series, as well as six other companion books, all of which are still in print as of 2012[update]. Sitchin's books have sold millions of copies worldwide and have been published in more than 25 languages.[9] New York Times reporter Corey Kilgannon has noted that despite academic dismissal of his work, Sitchin has "a devoted following of readers".[3]
Critic Michael S. Heiser has called Sitchin "arguably the most important proponent of the ancient astronaut hypothesis over the last several decades".[10] According to critic and author Jason Colavito, "Zecharia Sitchin is one of the most famous proponents of the ancient astronaut theory today, second only to the father of the theory, Erich von Däniken, in importance to true believers".[11] Sitchin was a frequent guest on the Coast to Coast AM radio show, which in 2010 presented Sitchin with a lifetime achievement award.[12] Gods of the New Millennium author Alan F. Alford admits he initially became "infatuated" with Sitchin's hypotheses but later became a critic of Sitchin's interpretations of myth.[13]
According to some writers, Sitchin's ideas, along with those of Erich von Däniken may have influenced the beliefs of the religious sect of Raëlism,[14][15] and writer Mark Pilkington sees the mythology of Japan's Pana Wave religious group as rooted in Sitchin's The 12th Planet and its sequels.[16]
The 1994 movie Stargate, directed by Roland Emmerich, and the 2009 video game The Conduit drew some conceptual inspiration from Sitchin's ideas,[17][18] while screenwriter Roberto Orci says the villains of the film Cowboys & Aliens were inspired by Sitchin's conceptualization of the Anunnaki as gold-mining aliens.[19]
In 2000, Lorin Morgan-Richards' theatrical performance of ENKI, based on the writings of Zecharia Sitchin, premiered in Cleveland, Ohio under the choreography of Michael Medcalf.[20]
In 2016, Kazem Finjan, the Iraqi Minister of Transport, claimed at a press conference that Sumerians had built and used an airport in the Dhi Qar Governorate to launch spaceships from 5000 years ago. He cited the work of Sitchin and others to support his assertion.[21]
Criticisms[edit]
Criticism of Sitchin's work falls primarily into three categories: translations and interpretations of ancient texts, astronomical and scientific observations, and literalism of myth.
Translations and interpretations[edit]
When Sitchin wrote his books, only specialists could read the Sumerian language. However, sources such as the 2006 book Sumerian Lexicon[22] have made the language more accessible to non-experts.
American biblical scholar Michael S. Heiser states he has found many inaccuracies in Sitchin's translations and challenges interested parties to use this book to check their validity.[16][23] Prof. Ronald H. Fritze,[24] author of the book Invented Knowledge: False History, Fake Science and Pseudo-religions,[24] mentions the example of Sitchin's claim that the Sumerian sign DIĜIR means "pure ones of the blazing rockets", adding that "Sitchin's assignment of meanings to ancient words is tendentious and frequently strained."[25] Fritze also commented on Sitchin's methodology, writing that "When critics have checked Sitchin's references, they have found that he frequently quotes out of context or truncates his quotes in a way that distorts evidence in order to prove his contentions. Evidence is presented selectively and contradictory evidence is ignored."[25]
Sitchin bases his arguments on his personal interpretations of pre-Nubian and Sumerian texts, and the seal VA 243. Sitchin wrote that these ancient civilizations knew of a twelfth planet, when in fact they only knew five.[26] Hundreds of Sumerian astronomical seals and calendars have been decoded and recorded, and the total count of planets on each seal has been five. Seal VA 243 has 12 dots that Sitchin identifies as planets. When translated, seal VA 243 reads "You're his Servant" which is now thought to be a message from a nobleman to a servant. According to Heiser, the so-called sun on Seal VA 243 is not the Sumerian symbol for the sun but is a star, and the dots are also stars.[26][27] The symbol on seal VA 243 has no resemblance to the hundreds of documented Sumerian sun symbols.
In a 1979 review of The Twelfth Planet, Roger W. Wescott,[28] Professor of Anthropology and Linguistics at Drew University, Madison, New Jersey, noted Sitchin's amateurishness with respect to the primacy of the Sumerian language:
Sitchin's linguistics seems at least as amateurish as his anthropology, biology, and astronomy. On p. 370, for example, he maintains that "all the ancient languages ... including early Chinese ... stemmed from one primeval source -- Sumerian". Sumerian, of course, is the virtual archetype of what linguistic taxonomists call a language-isolate, meaning a language that does not fall into any of the well-known language-families or exhibit clear cognation with any known language. Even if Sitchin is referring to written rather than to spoken language, it is unlikely that his contention can be persuasively defended, since Sumerian ideograms were preceded by the Azilian and Tartarian signaries of Europe as well as by a variety of script-like notational systems between the Nile and Indus rivers.
—  [29]
Astronomical and scientific observations[edit]
Sitchin's "planetary collision" hypothesis does superficially resemble one suggested by modern astronomers—the giant impact hypothesis of the Moon's formation about 4.5 billion years ago by a body impacting with the newly formed Earth. However, Sitchin's proposed series of rogue planetary collisions differ in both details and timing. As with Immanuel Velikovsky's earlier Worlds in Collision thesis, Sitchin states that he has found evidence of ancient human knowledge of rogue celestial motions in a variety of mythological accounts. In Velikovsky's case, these interplanetary collisions were supposed to have taken place within the span of human existence, whereas for Sitchin these occurred during the early stages of planetary formation, but entered the mythological account passed down via the alien race which purportedly evolved on Nibiru after these encounters.
According to former Immanuel Velikovsky assistant turned prolific critic,[30] C. Leroy Ellenberger,[30] "[Sitchin states that] from an equal start, the Nephilim evolved on Nibiru 45 million years ahead of comparable development on Earth with its decidedly more favorable environment. Such an outcome is unlikely, to say the least, since Nibiru would spend over 99% of its time beyond Pluto. Sitchin's explanation that heat from radioactive decay and a thick atmosphere keep Nibiru warm is absurd and does not address the problem of darkness in deep space. Also unexplained is how the Nephilim, who evolved long after Nibiru arrived, knew what happened when Nibiru first entered the solar system."[31]
The scenario outlined by Sitchin, with Nibiru returning to the inner solar system regularly every 3,600 years,
... implies an orbit with a semi-major axis of 235 astronomical units, extending from the asteroid belt to twelve times farther beyond the sun than Pluto. Elementary perturbation theory indicates that, under the most favorable circumstances of avoiding close encounters with other planets, no body with such an eccentric orbit would keep the same period for two consecutive passages. Within twelve orbits the object would be either ejected or converted to a short period object. Thus, the failed search for a trans-Plutonian planet by T.C. Van Flandern, of the U.S. Naval Observatory, which Sitchin uses to bolster his thesis, is no support at all.[31]
Sitchin in "the case of Adam’s alien genes"[32] states that 223 genes found by the Human Genome Sequencing Consortium are without the required predecessors on the genomic evolutionary tree. Later researchers have argued that the conclusion from the Human Genome Sequencing Consortium cannot be drawn due to a lack of a comprehensive gene database for comparison. An analysis by Salzberg identified 40 potential genes laterally transferred into the genome from prokaryotic organisms. Salzberg also argues that gene loss combined with sample size effects and evolutionary rate variation provide an alternative, more biologically plausible explanation.[33]
Literalism of myth[edit]
Peter James, co-author of the controversial book Centuries of Darkness,[34] has criticized Sitchin both for ignoring the world outside Mesopotamia and more specifically for misunderstanding Babylonian literature:
He uses the Epic of Creation Enuma Elish as the foundation for his cosmogony, identifying the young god Marduk, who overthrows the older regime of gods and creates the Earth, as the unknown "Twelfth Planet". In order to do this he interprets the Babylonian theogony as a factual account of the birth of the other "eleven" planets. The Babylonian names for the planets are established beyond a shadow of a doubt—Ishtar was the deity of Venus, Nergal of Mars, and Marduk of Jupiter—and confirmed by hundreds of astronomical/astrological tables and treatises on clay tablets and papyri from the Hellenistic period. Sitchin merrily ignores all this and assigns unwarranted planetary identities to the gods mentioned in the theogony. For example, Apsu, attested as god of the primeval waters, becomes, of all things, the Sun! Ea, as it suits Sitchin, is sometimes planet Neptune and sometimes a spaceman. And the identity of Ishtar as the planet Venus, a central feature of Mesopotamian religion, is nowhere mentioned in the book—instead Sitchin arbitrarily assigns to Venus another deity from Enuma Elish, and reserves Ishtar for a role as a female astronaut.[35]
William Irwin Thompson comments on what he calls Sitchin's 'literalism':
What Sitchin sees is what he needs for his hypothesis. So figure 15 on page 40 is radiation therapy, and figure 71 on page 136 is a god inside a rocket-shaped chamber. If these are gods, why are they stuck with our cheap B movie technology of rockets, microphones, space-suits, and radiation therapy? If they are gods, then why can't they have some really divine technology such as intradimensional worm-hole travel, antigravity, starlight propulsion, or black hole bounce rematerializations? Sitchin has constructed what appears to be a convincing argument, but when he gets close to single images on ancient tablets, he falls back into the literalism of "Here is an image of the gods in rockets." Suddenly, ancient Sumer is made to look like the movie set for Destination Moon. Erich Von Däniken's potboiler Chariots of the Gods? has the same problem. Nazca plains in Peru is turned into a World War II landing strip. The gods can cross galactic distances, but by the time they get to Peru, their spaceships are imagined as World War II prop jobs that need an enormous landing strip. This literalization of the imagination doesn't make any sense, but every time it doesn't, you hear Sitchin say "There can be no doubt, but..."[36]
Bibliography[edit]
Earth Chronicles volumes[edit]
The 12th Planet, 1976, Stein and Day, ISBN 0-8128-1939-X
The Stairway to Heaven, 1980, St. Martin's Press, ISBN 0-312-75505-8
The Wars of Gods and Men, 1985, Avon Books, ISBN 0-380-89585-4
The Lost Realms, 1990, Avon Books, ISBN 0-380-75890-3
When Time Began, 1993, Avon Books, ISBN 0-380-77071-7
The Cosmic Code, 1998, Avon Books, ISBN 0-380-80157-4
The End of Days: Armageddon and Prophecies of the Return, 2007, William Morrow, ISBN 978-0-06-123823-9
Companion volumes[edit]
Genesis Revisited: Is Modern Science Catching Up With Ancient Knowledge?, 1990, Avon Books, ISBN 0-380-76159-9
Divine Encounters: A Guide to Visions, Angels and Other Emissaries, 1995, Avon Books, ISBN 0-380-78076-3
The Earth Chronicles Handbook, 2009, Bear & Company, ISBN 978-1-59143-101-5
There Were Giants Upon the Earth: Gods, Demigods, and Human Ancestry: The Evidence of Alien DNA, 2010, Bear & Company, ISBN 978-1-59143-121-3
Earth Chronicles expeditions[edit]
The Earth Chronicles Expeditions, 2004, Bear & Company, ISBN 978-1-59143-076-6
Journeys to the Mythical Past, 2007, Bear and Company, ISBN 978-1-59143-080-3
Novels[edit]
The Lost Book of Enki: Memoirs and Prophecies of an Extraterrestrial god, 2001, Bear & Company, ISBN 1-879181-83-5
The King Who Refused to Die: The Anunnaki and The Search for Immortality, 2013, Bear & Company, ISBN 978-1-59143-177-0
Associated[edit]
The Complete Earth Chronicles, 2014, Bear & Company, ISBN 978-1591432012 (Box set of first seven books)
The Anunnaki Chronicles: A Zecharia Sitchin Reader, 2015, Bear & Company, ISBN 978-1-59143-229-6 (edited, Janet Sitchin)
DVDs[edit]
Are We Alone in the Universe? (based on Genesis Revisited), documentary, 1978 (2003 DVD release)[37]
An Evening with Zecharia Sitchin, lecture and slide presentation, 1997
A Talk From The Heart! lecture and slide presentation, 2006
Signs of the Return, lecture and slide presentation, 2009
2012—the End of Days? lecture and slide presentation, 2010
Zecharia at 90—Farewell Address, lecture, 2010
See also[edit]
Ancient Near East portal
Erich von Däniken
Extraterrestrial hypothesis
Giorgio A. Tsoukalos
Mesopotamian mythology
Murry Hope
Robert K. G. Temple
Sumerian literature
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The Official Web Site of Zecharia Sitchin". Sitchin.com. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
Jump up ^ Carroll, Robert T (1994–2009). "Zecharia Sitchin and The Earth Chronicles". The Skeptic's Dictionary. John Wiley & Sons. Retrieved 29 October 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Kilgannon, Corey (January 8, 2010). "Origin of the Species, From an Alien View". New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 29 October 2010. Mr. Sitchin was called silly before — by scientists, historians and archaeologists who dismiss his hypotheses as pseudoscience and fault their underpinnings: his translations of ancient texts and his understanding of physics.
Jump up ^ Phil Plait (Nov 5, 2002). "X DOESN'T MARK THE SPOT IS THERE A PLANET X THAT WILL CAUSE GLOBAL CATASTROPHE NEXT MAY?". Boston Globe. Retrieved 2012-01-10.
Jump up ^ Jastrow, Jr., Morris (1911). Aspects of Religious Belief and Practice in Babylonia and Assyria, G.P. Putnam's Sons: New York and London. pp. 217-219.
Jump up ^ Sitchin, Zecharia (2007). The Wars of Gods and Men: Book III of the Earth Chronicles. Harper. pp. 104–105. ISBN 978-0-06-137927-7.
Jump up ^ Sitchin, Zecharia (1990). Genesis Revisited. Avon. pp. 157–182, chapter "The Adam: A Slave Made to Order. ISBN 978-0-380-76159-3.
Jump up ^ "Evil Wind web page". Sitchin.com. 2001-04-27. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
Jump up ^ "Zecharia Sitchin Biography". Parkstpress.com. 2008-11-09. Archived from the original on 2011-05-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
Jump up ^ Dirk Vander Ploeg. "Zecharia Sitchin: Why You Can Safely Ignore Him". Ufodigest.com. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
Jump up ^ "Who Built the Great Pyramid?". tripod.com.
Jump up ^ Coast to Coast AM - George Noory Presents Zecharia Sitchin with Award Archived 2010-04-20 at the Wayback Machine., retrieved 15 April 2010
Jump up ^ "Alan Alford website". Eridu.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
Jump up ^ Genta, Giancarlo (2007). Lonely Minds in the Universe: The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence. Springer. p. 231. ISBN 978-0-387-33925-2.
Jump up ^ Colavito, Jason (2005). The cult of alien gods: H.P. Lovecraft and extraterrestrial pop culture. Prometheus. p. 320. ISBN 978-1-59102-352-4.
^ Jump up to: a b Zechariah Sitchin Archived 2007-11-17 at the Wayback Machine., Mark Pilkington, Fortean Times, August 2003.
Jump up ^ "The Conduit's Storyline". IGN. 2009. Retrieved 2011-05-20.
Jump up ^ Roland Emmerich and Dean Devlin, 2003, Stargate, Ultimate Edition, MGM DVD
Jump up ^ Chitwood, Scott (2010-11-29). "Cowboys & Aliens Set Visit". Superhero Hype!. Retrieved 2010-12-09.
Jump up ^ "Winter Music Conference". clevescene.com.
Jump up ^ Lee Speigel (13 October 2016). "ETs Built Earth's First Airport, Iraqi Transport Minister Says". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 14 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Halloran, John A. (2006). Sumerian Lexicon: A Dictionary Guide to the Ancient Sumerian Language. The David Brown Book Company. ISBN 0-9786429-0-2.
Jump up ^ "Anunnaki". sitchiniswrong.com.
^ Jump up to: a b "Ron Fritze's Bio". corndancer.com.
^ Jump up to: a b Fritze, Ronald H,. (2009). Invented knowledge: false history, fake science and pseudo-religions. Reaktion Books. p. 214. ISBN 978-1-86189-430-4
^ Jump up to: a b "The Myth of a 12th Planet in Sumero-Mesopotamian Astronomy: A Study of Cylinder Seal VA 243 by Dr. Michael S. Heiser". Michaelsheiser.com. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
Jump up ^ "The Myth of a 12th Planet" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-04-23.
Jump up ^ "Roger W. Wescott - The Velikovsky Encyclopedia". Velikovsky.info. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
Jump up ^ Wescott, Roger W. 1979. Kronos Vol. IV, No. 4, pp. 90-92.
^ Jump up to: a b "C. Leroy Ellenberger - The Velikovsky Encyclopedia". velikovsky.info.
^ Jump up to: a b Ellenberger, C. Leroy 1981. Marduk Unmasked. Frontiers of Science, May–June, pp. 3-4.
Jump up ^ "the case of Adam's alien genes". Sitchin.com. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
Jump up ^ Salzberg, Steven L., Owen White, et al. “Microbial Genes in the Human Genome: Lateral Transfer or Gene Loss?”. Science 292.5523 (2001): 1903 – 3.
Jump up ^ "Centuries of Darkness by Peter James, I. J. Thorpe, Nikos Kokkinos, Robert Morkot & John Frankish". centuries.co.uk.
Jump up ^ James, Peter SIS Workshop no. 7, vol. 2, no. 2 (Nov. 1979), reprinted from Fortean Times no. 27 (Nov. 1978).
Jump up ^ Thompson, William Irwin Coming into being: artifacts and texts in the evolution of consciousness pp.75-76 [1]
Jump up ^ Are We Alone in the Universe? on IMDb
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Zecharia Sitchin.
Wikiversity has learning resources about Zecharia Sitchin
Official Website
Kilgannon, Corey. "Origin of Species, From an Alien View", The New York Times, January 10, 2010. p. MB4.
Criticisms[edit]
Ian Lawton's Mesopotamia Papers
An Astronomer's View of the Akkadian Seal by Tom van Flandern
SitchinIsWrong, Michael S. Heiser's web site devoted to debunking Sitchin's claims
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 5720310
LCCN: n80109516
ISNI: 0000 0001 2118 9971
GND: 118139894
SUDOC: 029511607
BNF: cb121123829 (data)
BIBSYS: 90674887
NDL: 00456735
NKC: xx0000131
BNE: XX1123427
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zecharia_Sitchin&oldid=828950464"
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text:
The Trials of Apollo
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Trials of Apollo
Logo of the series
The Hidden Oracle (2016)
The Dark Prophecy (2017)
The Burning Maze (2018)
The Tyrant's Tomb (2019)
Author
Rick Riordan
Cover artist
John Rocco
Country
United States
Language
English
Genre
Greek mythological fiction, fantasy, adventure and children's fiction
Publisher
Hyperion Books
Published
May 3, 2016–
Media type
Print (hardcover and paperback), audiobook, e-book
No. of books
3 (as of 2018)
Preceded by
The Heroes of Olympus
The Trials of Apollo is a pentalogy of fantasy adventure and mythological fiction novels written by American author Rick Riordan that collectively form a sequel to the Heroes of Olympus series. It is set in the same world as other Riordan tales, and references characters and happenings from earlier series.[1] A supplementary book has also been released in addition to the main series.
The first book in the series, The Hidden Oracle, was released on May 3, 2016.[2] The second book in the series, The Dark Prophecy, was released on May 2, 2017.[3] The third book in the series, The Burning Maze, was released on May 1, 2018. The fourth book in the series, The Tyrant's Tomb, will be released in Fall 2019.
Contents
1 Synopsis
2 Books
2.1 The Hidden Oracle
2.2 The Dark Prophecy
2.3 The Burning Maze
2.4 The Tyrant's Tomb
3 Supplementary works
3.1 Camp Half-Blood Confidential
4 Main characters
5 References
Synopsis[edit]
The series follows the trials of the god Apollo, who has been turned into a human as punishment from his father and king of the gods Zeus. Zeus is angry with Apollo for a variety of reasons, most notably for the younger god's allowing his Roman descendant Octavian to rise to power during The Heroes of Olympus series by giving him his blessing. The final book of The Heroes of Olympus, The Blood of Olympus, takes place about six months before the beginning of The Trials of Apollo.
Books[edit]
The Hidden Oracle[edit]
Main article: The Hidden Oracle
The Hidden Oracle is the first book of the series. It is told in first-person by the main character Apollo, and uses haiku for chapter titles. The book was released on May 3, 2016.[2]
The book opens with Apollo landing in an alley in New York City—in the form of a mortal teenager named Lester Papadopoulos because he had been one of the people who had encouraged the war between the Greeks and the Romans. He meets Meg McCaffrey, a homeless daughter of Demeter. Believing that he must only undertake some simple quest to regain his immortality, Apollo/Lester and Meg travel to Camp Half-Blood, where they learn most of the world's Oracles have stopped working. The two undertake a quest to locate and protect the one remaining oracle, hoping also to learn how to help the other oracles and to regain Apollo's immortality. Apollo [Lester] also finds out that the first oracle he has to save is heavily guarded by the mysterious 'beast'. Will Apollo [Lester] be able to accomplish this task?[4]
As Apollo falls from Mount Olympus into a dumpster, he is attacked by two muggers- sent by the first emperor- and is rescued by Meg, a daughter of Demeter. She claims his service and the two set off to Percy Jackson's house. The trio drives to Camp Half-Blood, but also face deadly monsters during their journey. Once they arrive, they learn of the 'talking trees' and demigod disappearances. Apollo and Meg meet the campers, along with Nico di Angelo (Son of Hades) and Will Solace (son of Apollo). The two are openly dating and help Meg and Apollo when fighting the first emperor. After getting lost in the labyrinth through a camp sanctioned activity, Meg and Apollo leave to find the Grove of Dodonna, a grove of trees that tell prophecies. This oracle does not belong to Apollo, so the emperors cannot control it. After fighting giant ants that kidnap Meg, Apollo confronts geyser spirits and finally finds Meg and the Grove. At the grove, they find the missing demigods in a trap and the Beast himself, emperor Nero, Meg's stepfather. Meg switches loyalties, yet the two succeed in opening the Grove of Dodona and calming the enraged oracles. Meg takes off, and Apollo saves the missing demigods. As Apollo reaches Camp Half-Blood, he sees that Nero sent a colossal statue of himself to destroy the camp. After regaining a few of his former powers, Apollo destroys the statue and promises to find Meg again. Just as the fight ends, Leo and Calypso (aboard Festus) arrive at the camp. The three realize that they must travel to free the next oracle.
The Dark Prophecy[edit]
Main article: The Dark Prophecy
The Dark Prophecy is the second book in the series. It was released on May 2, 2017.
The book continues the story of Apollo as the mortal Lester, as he leaves the safety of Camp Half-Blood and journeys across North America to restore the remaining four Oracles and defeat the triumvirate of Roman emperors-turned-Gods, while also being helped by Leo Valdez, the now-mortal Calypso and Festus the bronze dragon.[5]
The Burning Maze[edit]
Main article: The Burning Maze
The Burning Maze is the third book in the series. It released on May 1, 2018.[6] The book follows Lester Papadopoulos/Apollo, Meg McCaffrey and Grover Underwood while they try to rescue Herophile, an Oracle that speaks only in puzzles, from the Roman emperor Caligula and his talking horse, Incitatus. In the process, they meet some strixes that fed only on blood. They are repelled using strawberries. While sleeping, Apollo dreams about Herophile telling him that he must save her even though it's a trap. When he wakes up, he finds himself in Grover's base. When Meg wakes up, they find the line from the prophecy,'Demeter's daughter finds her ancient roots' to occur. Apollo and Grover go out to try to find Gleeson Hedge in an army store called Macro's Military Madness. They then find out that Macro, the store owner is actually Naevius Sutorius Macro, working for Caligula. He attacks them with an army of automatons. By activating 'command sequence: Daedalus twenty three', they defeat Macro with his own robots. They then navigate the maze with the help of Piper McLean and Jason Grace and find defeat Medea, the sorceress who was working with the emperor. The next day, Grover, Meg and Apollo using Caligula's shoes walk the Labyrinth.they free Herophile and discover a new prophecy: “Apollo faces death in tarquin’s tomb unless the doorway to the soundless god is opened by...”. They also discover that they need help from ‘bellona’s daughter’, Reyna, the praetor of camp Jupiter.
The Tyrant's Tomb[edit]
The Tyrant's Tomb is the fourth book in the series. It will be released in Fall 2019.
Supplementary works[edit]
Camp Half-Blood Confidential[edit]
A companion book titled Percy Jackson: Camp Half-Blood Confidential was released on May 2, 2017.[7]
Main characters[edit]
Main article: List of characters in mythology novels by Rick Riordan § Camp Half-Blood chronicles
Lester Papadopoulos (Apollo): Lester Papadopoulos is the mortal teenage incarnation of the god Apollo and is the main character of the Trials of Apollo series. He has to deal with such ordinary human problems as zits, flabby muscles, and feeling pain once he becomes mortal. He is looking for Oracles to restore in an attempt to earn his way back to Mount Olympus.
Meg McCaffrey: Meg McCaffrey is a twelve-year-old demigod who looks like a colorfully dressed street urchin. She is fierce, bossy, and tight-lipped about her past. She has a fearsome protector named Peaches.
Peaches: Peaches is a Karpos that comes to Meg McCaffrey when she is in need.
Leo Valdez: Leo Valdez is the son of God Hephaestus. He has returned after being revived from the Physician's Cure after he was killed in The Blood of Olympus.
Calypso: Calypso is the daughter of the Titan Atlas. After being imprisoned on the island of Ogygia for centuries, Leo Valdez rescued her and brought her to the Waystation to live temporarily. She assists Lester throughout The Dark Prophecy.
Grover Underwood: Grover Underwood is a Satyr and the best friend of Percy Jackson. He is summoned by Meg to guide them through the Labyrinth.
Piper McLean: Piper McLean is the daughter of the Goddess Aphrodite. She and her father have become bankrupt due to the Triumvirate Holdings.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Rick Riordan announces 'Trials of Apollo' series set in Percy Jackson's world". Hypable. October 6, 2015. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Riordan, Rick (May 11, 2016). "The Hidden Oracle!". RickRiordan.com. Rick Riordan. Retrieved January 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Trials of Apollo' book 2 info revealed on heels of 'Hidden Oracle' release". Hypable. May 5, 2016. Retrieved September 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ Riordan, Rick (2016). The Hidden Oracle. Los Angeles: Disney-Hyperion. ISBN 9781484732748.
Jump up ^ "The Dark Prophecy – Rick Riordan". rickriordan.com. Retrieved 2018-02-27.
Jump up ^ http://rickriordan.com/series/the-trials-of-apollo/ The Rick Riordan official Website
Jump up ^ "From Percy Jackson: Camp Half-Blood Confidential (An Official Rick Riordan Companion Book): Your Real Guide to the Demigod Training Camp (Trials of Apollo)". Amazon. Retrieved March 31, 2017.
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The Burning Maze
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Vijay Shankar (cricketer)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Vijay Shankar
Personal information
Full name
Vijay Shankar
Born
(1991-01-26) 26 January 1991 (age 27)
Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
Batting
Right handed
Bowling
Right-arm medium
Role
All-rounder
International information
National side
India
T20I debut
6 March 2018 v Sri Lanka
Last T20I
18 March 2018 v Bangladesh
T20I shirt no.
59
Domestic team information
Years
Team
2012–present
Tamil Nadu
2014
Chennai Super Kings
2016–2017
Sunrisers Hyderabad
2018–present
Delhi Daredevils
Career statistics
Competition
FC
LA
T20
Matches
32 37 34
Runs scored
1,671 750 437
Batting average
49.14 32.60 23.00
100s/50s
5/10 0/5 0/2
Top score
111 72 69
Balls bowled
2307 943 279
Wickets
27 25 12
Bowling average
42.81 30.44 32.75
5 wickets in innings
0 0 0
10 wickets in match
0 n/a n/a
Best bowling
4/52 3/24 2/12
Catches/stumpings
22/- 10/- 23/-
Source: ESPNcricinfo, 21 November 2017
Vijay Shankar (born 26 January 1991) is an Indian cricketer who plays for Tamil Nadu cricket team. He is an all-rounder who bats right-handed and bowls right-arm medium pace. In the Indian Premier League, he played one match for the Chennai Super Kings in 2014 and four for Sunrisers Hyderabad in 2017.
Contents
[hide]
1 Domestic career
2 Indian Premier League
3 International career
4 References
5 External links
Domestic career[edit]
Playing for Tamil Nadu, he won two man of the match awards in the knockout stage of 2014–15 Ranji Trophy. In the quarterfinal against Vidarbha, he scored 111 and 82 for which he was named man of the match. The match was drawn but Tamil Nadu progressed to the next round on first-innings lead. Against Maharashtra in the semifinal, he scored 91 and picked 2/47 to win his second man of the match award. This game was also drawn and Tamil Nadu progressed to the final on first-innings lead. In the final against Karnataka, he scored 5 & 103 and picked 1/92. However, Karnataka registered an innings victory to take the title.[1]
Indian Premier League[edit]
In the Indian Premier League, he played one match for the Chennai Super Kings in 2014[2] and four for Sunrisers Hyderabad in 2017. His highest batting score was 63 not out against Gujarat Lions on 13 May 2017.[3][4]
In January 2018, he was bought by the Delhi Daredevils in the 2018 IPL auction.[5]
International career[edit]
On 20 November 2017, he was named as Bhuvneshwar Kumar's replacement in India's Test squad for their series against Sri Lanka, but he did not play.[6] In February 2018, he was named in India's Twenty20 International (T20I) squad for the 2018 Nidahas Trophy.[7] He made his T20I debut for India against Sri Lanka in the 2018 Nidahas Trophy on 6 March 2018.[8] He took his first wicket in T20Is in his second match dismissing Mushfiqur Rahim via Umpire Decision Review System.[9] In the second match of the 2018 Nidahas Trophy, he took two wickets for 32 runs, with India winning by 6 wickets, and he was named the player of the match.[10]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Final, Ranji Trophy at Mumbai, Mar 8-12 2015". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Pepsi Indian Premier League, 37th match: Chennai Super Kings v Rajasthan Royals at Ranchi, May 13, 2014". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 1 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "All you need to know about Vijay Shankar". The Hindu. 21 November 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "53rd match (D/N), Indian Premier League at Kanpur, May 13 2017". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "List of sold and unsold players". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Bhuvneshwar, Dhawan released from India Test squad". ESPN Cricinfo. 20 November 2017. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Rohit Sharma to lead India in Nidahas Trophy 2018". BCCI Press Release. 25 February 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "1st Match (N), Nidahas Twenty20 Tri-Series at Colombo, Mar 6 2018,7.00PM". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Dhawan, Unadkat brush aside Bangladesh". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "2nd Match (N), Nidahas Twenty20 Tri-Series at Colombo, Mar 8 2018". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
External links[edit]
Vijay Shankar at ESPNcricinfo
Vijay Shankar at CricketArchive (subscription required)
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Tamil Nadu cricket team – current squad
5 Aparajith
99 Ashwin
67 Balaji
Crist
Indrajith
19 D Karthik
Kaushik
M. Mohammed
Mukund (c)
Prasanna
Rangarajan
Parameswaran
Sathish
R Shah
Shankar
Srinivas
00 Vijay
Coach: Raman
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2 Morris
Dala
20 Roy
Kalra
11 Shami
54 Christian
18 Mishra
19 J Yadav
Ojha (†)
Boult
23 Gambhir
41 Iyer (c)
Tewatia
777 Pant (†)
88 Nadeem
Harshal
32 Maxwell
Avesh
100 Shaw
Lamichhane
82 Munro
Rabada
Ghosh
Gurkeerat
Shankar
Abhishek Sharma
Mentor: Rahul Dravid
Head Coach: Ricky Ponting
Batting coach: Pravin Amre
Batting coach: Sridharan Sriram
Bowling coach: T. A. Sekhar
Team Manager: Sunil Valson
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijay_Shankar_(cricketer)&oldid=839776302"
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Ethnic groups in Ivory Coast
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The ethnic composition of Ivory Coast is complex with more than 60 ethnic groups represented.
The Akan group, which primarily occupies the eastern and central regions of the country, accounts for about 42.1 percent of the population.[citation needed] The Baoulé are the single largest subgroup of the Akan people, accounting for about 20 percent of the total population. The Voltaiques (Gur) account for about 17.6% of the population. The Northern Mandes from the northwest region of the country make up about 16.5% of the population. The Krou people in the southwest account for about 11 percent; the Bété are the largest subgroup.[citation needed] The Southern Mandes from the western regions account for about 10% of the population. Non-Africans include about 14,000 French and 130,000 Lebanese expatriates.
References[edit]
This article incorporates public domain material from the Library of Congress Country Studies website http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/.
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Carrion flower
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Amorphophallus titanum in Wilhelma Botanical and Zoological Gardens, Stuttgart
Carrion flowers, also known as corpse flowers or stinking flowers, are flowers that emit an odor that smells like rotting flesh. Carrion flowers attract mostly scavenging flies and beetles as pollinators. Some species may trap the insects temporarily to ensure the gathering and transfer of pollen.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plants known as "carrion flower"
1.1 Amorphophallus
1.2 Rafflesia
1.3 Stapelia
1.4 Smilax or Nemexia
1.5 Bulbophyllum (Orchid)
2 Scent
3 Other plants with carrion-scented flowers
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Plants known as "carrion flower"[edit]
Amorphophallus[edit]
Many plants in the genus Amorphophallus (family Araceae) are known as carrion flowers. One such plant is the Titan arum (Amorphophallus titanum), which has the world's largest unbranched inflorescence. Rather than a single flower, the titan arum presents an inflorescence or compound flower composed of a spadix or stalk of small and anatomically reduced male and female flowers, surrounded by a spathe that resembles a single giant petal. This plant has a mechanism to heat up the spadix enhancing the emission of the strong odor of decaying meat to attract its pollinators, carrion-eating beetles and "flesh flies" (family Sarcophagidae). It was first described scientifically in 1878 in Sumatra.[1]
Flower of Rafflesia kerrii, in Khao Sok National Park, Southern Thailand.
Rafflesia[edit]
Flowers of plants in the genus Rafflesia (family Rafflesiaceae) emit an odor similar to that of decaying meat. This odor attracts the flies that pollinate the plant. The world's largest single bloom is R. arnoldii. This rare flower is found in the rainforests of Borneo and Sumatra. It can grow to be 3 feet across and weigh up to 15 pounds. R. arnoldii is a parasitic plant on Tetrastigma vine, which grows only in primary rainforests. It has no visible leaves, roots, or stem. It does not photosynthesize, but rather uses the host plant to obtain water and nutrients.
House fly landing on a flower of Stapelia lepida.
Stapelia[edit]
Plants in the genus Stapelia are also called "carrion flowers". They are small, spineless, cactus-like succulent plants. Most species are native to South Africa, and are grown as potted plants elsewhere. The flowers of all species are hairy to varying degrees and generate the odor of rotten flesh. The color of the flowers also mimics rotting meat. This attracts scavenging flies, for pollination. The flowers in some species can be very large, notably Stapelia gigantea can reach 30 cm (12 inches) in diameter.
Smilax or Nemexia[edit]
In North America, the herbaceous vines of the genus Smilax are known as carrion flowers. These plants have a cluster of small greenish flowers. The most familiar member of this groups is Smilax herbacea. These plants are sometimes placed in the genus Nemexia.
Bulbophyllum (Orchid)[edit]
Orchids of the genus Bulbophyllum produce flowers which smell of rotting meat. The flowers produce various odors resembling sap, urine, blood, dung, carrion, and, in some species, fragrant fruity aromas. Most are fly-pollinated, and attract hordes of flies. Bulbophyllum beccarii in bloom has been likened to smelling like a herd of dead elephants as well as Bulbophyllum fletcherianum and Bulbophyllum phalaenopsis. They are variously described as making it difficult to walk into a greenhouse in which they are being cultivated if the plants are in bloom because of their overpowering floral odors.[2]
Scent[edit]
The sources of the flowers' unique scent are not fully identified, partly due to the extremely low concentration of the compounds (5 to 10 parts per billion). Dimethyl sulfides, including disulfide and trisulfide have been detected in Amorphophallus.[3]
Other plants with carrion-scented flowers[edit]
Aristolochia clematitis
Arum maculatum
Plants in the genus Asimina, commonly referred to as "pawpaw"
Crescentia alata
Dracunculus vulgaris
Helicodiceros muscivorus
Genus Huernia
Hydnora
Lysichiton americanum
Sterculia foetida
Symplocarpus foetidus
Trillium sessile
Tiputinia foetida
Satyrium pumilum
Moraea lurida
Ferraria crispa
See also[edit]
Stinkhorn — fungi that use the same basic principle for spore dispersal
Aseroe rubra — fungi that use the same basic principle for spore dispersal
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Live Science
Jump up ^ Illustrated Encyclopedia of Orchids ISBN 0-88192-267-6
Jump up ^ Wilson, Elizabeth K. (2003-06-30). "A Fantastic Stink" (HTML). Chemical & Engineering News. American Chemical Society. 81 (26): 27. doi:10.1021/cen-v081n005.p027. ISSN 0009-2347. Retrieved 2007-04-29.
External links[edit]
All about stinking flowers
Carrion and Dung Mimicry in Plants[1]
Jump up ^ Jürgens, Andreas; Shuttleworth, Adam (2015-08-06). Carrion Ecology, Evolution, and Their Applications. CRC Press. pp. 361–386. doi:10.1201/b18819-20. ISBN 9781466575462.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carrion_flower&oldid=837715593"
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Branch Wars
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"Branch Wars"
The Office episode
Episode no.
Season 4
Episode 10
Directed by
Joss Whedon
Written by
Mindy Kaling
Production code
410
Original air date
November 1, 2007
Guest appearance(s)
Rashida Jones as Karen Filippelli
Episode chronology
← Previous
"Local Ad" Next →
"Survivor Man"
The Office (U.S. season 4)
List of The Office (U.S. TV series) episodes
"Branch Wars" is the tenth episode of the fourth season of the American comedy television series The Office—the show's sixty-third episode overall. Written by Mindy Kaling and directed by Joss Whedon, the episode originally aired in the United States on November 1, 2007 on NBC. The episode marks the return of season three recurring actor Rashida Jones, who plays Jim's former girlfriend Karen Filippelli, now Regional Manager of Dunder Mifflin Utica.
Karen tries to "poach" Stanley Hudson (Leslie David Baker) from Dunder Mifflin Scranton, and Stanley informs the branch that he is leaving. In revenge, Michael Scott (Steve Carell) and Dwight Schrute (Rainn Wilson) trick Jim Halpert (John Krasinski) into traveling to the company's Utica branch, where the group attempts to play a prank on Karen. Back at the office, Pam Beesly (Jenna Fischer), Oscar Martinez (Oscar Nunez), and Toby Flenderson (Paul Lieberstein) try to hold their club meeting, with disastrous results.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Production
3 Reception
4 References
5 External links
Plot[edit]
Karen Filippelli (Rashida Jones), after being "dumped" by Jim Halpert (John Krasinski), has become the Regional Manager at Dunder Mifflin Utica in Utica, New York. Karen attempts to lure Stanley Hudson (Leslie David Baker) away from Scranton by offering him a pay raise. Regional Manager Michael Scott (Steve Carell), believing that Karen is doing this to get back at Jim for dumping her, decides to retaliate. Michael and salesman Dwight Schrute (Rainn Wilson) trick Jim into joining them on a trip to Utica to prank Karen’s branch. After a failed attempt to steal the branch's industrial copier, the group is discovered by Karen, who chastises them in her office. Privately, she mocks Jim for devising such an elaborate ruse to see her. Jim's attempts to deflect the issue are unsuccessful, letting slip that he and Pam are happily dating. The group returns to Scranton, where Michael bids Stanley farewell. Stanley decides to stay in Scranton, revealing that his threat was a bluff to get a raise.
Meanwhile, Pam Beesly (Jenna Fischer), Oscar Martinez (Oscar Nunez), and Toby Flenderson (Paul Lieberstein) form a "Finer Things Club", discussing literature, music, and the arts. Their meetings are regularly disrupted by other employees, particularly Andy Bernard (Ed Helms), whose desperate efforts to join prove unsuccessful. Pam invites Jim to join the club but regrets the move when, during the discussion of Angela's Ashes, Jim merely speaks in an Irish brogue and reveals that he hasn't actually read the book.
Production[edit]
"Branch Wars" was the second Office episode directed by Joss Whedon, the creator of the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Firefly.[1] Whedon had previously directed the third season episode "Business School".[1] The episode was the seventh Office episode written by Mindy Kaling, who also acts for the show as customer service representative Kelly Kapoor.[2] "Branch Wars" marked the return of Karen Filippelli, who was a regular as a member of the Dunder Mifflin Stamford branch, and later Dunder Mifflin Scranton in the third season. Her last previous appearance was the fourth season premiere Fun Run, although she only appeared in one scene. Utica salesman Ben Nugent, although not appearing on screen, is heard via a telephone conference and shares the same name as Kaling's former real-life boyfriend, Benjamin Nugent.[3]
Reception[edit]
"Branch Wars" received a 5.0/7 in the Nielsen ratings, meaning that five percent of households were tuned in at any given moment and seven percent of all televisions in use at the time were tuned into the program. The episode was watched by 8.39 million viewers and achieved a 4.5/11 in the ages 18–49 demographic.[4] Mindy Kaling's writing in the episode was nominated for "Outstanding Writing in a Comedy Series" in the 2008 NAACP Image Awards.[5]
Oscar Dahl, a senior writer for BuddyTV, gave the episode a favorable review and stated that "Tonight's Office was possibly the funniest of the season."[6] Christine Fenno of Entertainment Weekly stated that "... 'Branch Wars', penned by Mindy Kaling, didn't measure up to the brilliance of last week's episode ('Local Ad') but served up plenty of laughs."[7] Travis Fickett of IGN stated that "This episode feels like it comes in two halves, one that works and one that doesn't so much " when referring to the trip to Utica, and "The Finer Things Club", respectively, but later pointed out that "Despite being a somewhat bumpy ride, the episode has a fair number of big laughs." Fickett particularly enjoyed Jim's character in the episode, and his actions and reactions to the situation that he became involved in.[8]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Joss Whedon Profile IMDB, retrieved May 8, 2008
Jump up ^ Mindy Kaling Profile IMDB, retrieved May 8, 2008
Jump up ^ Branch Wars TV.com, retrieved May 8, 2008
Jump up ^ "Broadcast TV Ratings for Thursday, November 1, 2007". Your Entertainment Now. Retrieved November 2, 2007.
Jump up ^ The Office picks up two NAACP Image Award noms OfficeTally, retrieved May 6, 2008
Jump up ^ The Office: Episode 4.6, "Branch Wars" Recap BuddyTV, retrieved April 24, 2008
Jump up ^ The Office: Ex Raid Entertainment Weekly, retrieved April 24, 2008
Jump up ^ The Office: "Branch Wars" Review IGN, April 24, 2008
External links[edit]
"Branch Wars" at NBC.com
"Branch Wars" on IMDb
"Branch Wars" at TV.com
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The Office (U.S.) episodes
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Season 3
"Gay Witch Hunt"
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"Initiation"
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"The Merger"
"The Convict"
"A Benihana Christmas"
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Season 4
"Fun Run"
"Dunder Mifflin Infinity"
"Launch Party"
"Money"
"Local Ad"
"Branch Wars"
"Survivor Man"
"The Deposition"
"Dinner Party"
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"Goodbye, Toby"
Season 5
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"Niagara"
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"Goodbye, Michael"
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Season 8
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"Lotto"
"Garden Party"
"Spooked"
"Doomsday"
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"Turf War"
"Free Family Portrait Studio"
Season 9
"New Guys"
"Roy's Wedding"
"Andy's Ancestry"
"Work Bus"
"Here Comes Treble"
"The Boat"
"The Whale"
"The Target"
"Dwight Christmas"
"Lice"
"Suit Warehouse"
"Customer Loyalty"
"Junior Salesman"
"Vandalism"
"Couples Discount"
"Moving On"
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"Promos"
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"Paper Airplane"
"Livin' the Dream"
"A.A.R.M."
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Webisodes
The Accountants
Kevin's Loan
The Outburst
Blackmail
Subtle Sexuality
The Mentor
The 3rd Floor
The Podcast
The Girl Next Door
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