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The Great British Bake Off (series 4)
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The Great British Bake Off (series 4)
Starring
Mel Giedroyc
Sue Perkins
Mary Berry
Paul Hollywood
Country of origin
United Kingdom
No. of episodes
10
Release
Original network
BBC Two
Original release
20 August (2013-08-20) – 22 October 2013 (2013-10-22)
Series chronology
← Previous
Series 3
Next →
Series 5
The fourth series of The Great British Bake Off began airing on 20 August 2013.[1] Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins again presented the show and Mary Berry and Paul Hollywood returned as judges.[2] As with series three, the competition was held at Harptree Court in East Harptree, Somerset.[3]
13,000 amateur bakers applied to appear on the programme, and 100 were selected for screen test, with the best 60 advancing to a three-day audition.[2] From these, 13 contestants were chosen this year so the judges could eliminate two people whenever they wanted.[4][5]
The winner of the Great British Bake Off 2013 was Frances Quinn.[6]
Contents
[hide]
1 Bakers
2 Results summary
3 Episodes
3.1 Episode 1: Cakes
3.2 Episode 2: Bread
3.3 Episode 3: Desserts
3.4 Episode 4: Pies and Tarts
3.5 Episode 5: Biscuits and Traybakes
3.6 Episode 6: Sweet Dough
3.7 Episode 7: Pastry
3.8 Episode 8: Unconventional Ingredients (Quarter Final)
3.9 Episode 9: French Pastry (Semi-Final)
3.10 Episode 10: Final
3.11 Masterclasses
3.11.1 Episode 1
3.11.2 Episode 2
3.11.3 Episode 3
3.11.4 Episode 4
3.11.5 Christmas Masterclass
4 Controversy
5 Post-show career
6 Ratings
6.1 Specials
7 References
8 External links
Bakers[edit]
Baker
Age
Occupation
Hometown
Links
Ali Imdad 25 Charity worker Saltley, Birmingham
Beca Lyne-Pirkis 31 Military Wives' Choir Singer Aldershot, Hampshire [7]
Christine Wallace 66 Director of an engraving company Didcot, Oxfordshire [8]
Deborah Manger 51 Dentist Peterborough [9]
Frances Quinn 31 Children's Clothes Designer Market Harborough, Leicestershire [10]
Glenn Cosby 37 English Teacher Teignmouth, Devon [11]
Howard Middleton 51 Council Worker Sheffield [12]
Kimberley Wilson 30 Psychologist London [13]
Lucy Bellamy 38 Horticulturist Grimsby, Lincolnshire [14]
Mark Onley 37 Carpenter & Kitchen Fitter Milton Keynes
Robert Smart 54 Space Satellite Designer Melbourn, Cambridgeshire [15]
Ruby Tandoh 20 History of Art and Philosophy Student Southend, Essex [16]
Toby Waterworth 30 Web Programmer Reading, Berkshire [17]
Results summary[edit]
Elimination chart
Baker
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Frances SB WINNER
Kimberley SB SB Runner Up
Ruby SB SB SB Runner Up
Beca OUT
Christine SB SB OUT
Glenn OUT
Howard OUT
Robert SB OUT
Ali OUT
Deborah OUT
Mark OUT
Lucy OUT
Toby OUT
Colour key:
Baker got through to the next round
Baker was eliminated
Baker was one of the judges' least favourite bakers that week, but was not eliminated.
Baker was the Star Baker
Baker was one of the judges' favourite bakers that week, but did not win star baker.
Baker was the series runner-up
Baker was the series winner
Episodes[edit]
Episode 1: Cakes[edit]
The bakers were given two hours to make a sandwich cake with filling of their choice for the signature challenge. For their first technical challenge, the bakers were required to bake an angel food cake using Mary Berry's recipe in two and half hours. For the showstopper, the challenge was to make a chocolate cake using at least two types of chocolate to decorate the cake. They were given four hours for this bake.
Baker eliminated Star Baker Winner
Baker
Signature
(Sandwich Cake)
Technical
(Angel Food Cake)
Showstopper
(Chocolate Cake)
Ali Rose and Pistachio Cake 11th Chocolate, Raspberry and Passion Fruit Engagement Cake
Beca Grapefruit Sandwich Cake 8th Chocolate Cherry Indulgence
Christine Strawberry, Vanilla and Rosewater Summer Basket 3rd Chocolate and Orange 'Fripperous' Hat Cake
Deborah Pineapple Cake 9th 'Coffee Time'
Frances Giant Jam Sandwich 7th Secret Squirrel Cake
Glenn Strawberries and Cream Cake 4th Almond and Espresso Chocolate Cake
Howard Passion Fruit and Coconut Cake 6th Black Forest Revisited
Kimberley Blood Orange Cake 10th Chocolate, Raspberry & Basil Layer Cake
Lucy Timperley Early Cake 2nd Thyme 'Wildwood' Cake
Mark Lemon and Poppy Seed Cake 5th Chocolate Monster
Robert Pecan and Apple Cake 1st Raspberry Chocolate Cake
Ruby Rhubarb and Custard Sandwich Cake 12th Chocolate and Ginger Night Sky Cake
Toby Spiced and Iced Carrot Cake 13th Two Tiered Chocolate Cake
Episode 2: Bread[edit]
The bakers were asked to make in two hours 36 breadsticks, all made using yeast, of at least 25 cm (10 inches) in length, and the breadsticks should be crisp and produce a good snap. For the technical challenge, the bakers have to make eight English muffin using Paul's recipe in two and three quarter hours. For the final bake, an elaborately decorated loaf was set as the showstopper challenge to be completed in four hours.
Baker
Signature
(36 Bread Sticks)
Technical
(8 English Muffin)
Showstopper
(Decorative Loaf)
Ali Italian Grissini 9th Sweet and Savoury Yin Yang Bread
Beca Fennel and Chilli Breadsticks 11th Five Strand Christmas Wreath
Christine Mediterranean Breadsticks with Oregano 4th Double Plaited Loaf
Deborah Fennel & Chilli Breadsticks 8th Walnut Fleur Loaf
Frances Giant Matchsticks 2nd Sailor's Knot
Glenn Rosemary and Parmesan Grissini 7th Harvest Crown
Howard Moroccan Breadsticks 10th Picasso Sun Bread
Kimberley Nigella Seed and Parmesan Breadsticks 1st Peace Bread
Lucy Grissini with Salt 12th Roast Tomato Bread
Mark Rosemary & Raisin Breadsticks 6th Sage & Garlic Plait
Robert Twisty Rye Bread Sticks 5th Tribute Loaf
Ruby Mexican Breadsticks 3rd White Chocolate and Orange Peacock Bread
Episode 3: Desserts[edit]
For the first challenge of the episode the bakers were asked to make a Trifle of their own choice, using Ladyfingers, Sponge or Biscuit for the base and either Jam or Custard for the middle layer. For their second challenge, the bakers were required to bake in an hour and a half Floating Islands using a recipe of Mary Berry. For the show-stopper, the bakers were set the task of making 24 petit fours, twelve biscuit based, twelve sponge based, to be finished in three hours.
Baker
Signature
(Trifle)
Technical
(Floating Islands)
Showstopper
(24 Petit Fours- 12 Biscuit Based, 12 Sponge Based)
Ali Coconut, Raspberry and Lemon Meringue Trifle 5th Vanilla Latte Mini Cakes
Lime & Mint Shortbread Pops
Beca Orange and Ginger Trifle 10th Limoncello and Blueberry Bursts
Millionaire Shortbread
Christine Caribbean Pina Colada Trifle 4th Ninety-Niners
Sachertorte Parcels
Deborah Tropical Trifle* 9th Canelé Cherry and Chocolate Cakes
Rose Cookies
Frances Apple and Blackberry Crumble Trifle 8th 'Ballet Bites' Ginger Nutcrackers
Sugar Plum Fairy Cakes
Glenn Raspberry and Almond Trifle 1st Billionaire Bouchées
Orange Financiers
Howard Caramel and Apple Trifle* 7th Black Coffee and Cardamom Cakes
White Stilton and Pear Biscuits
Kimberley Peach, Almond and Ginger Trifle 6th Chocolate Pistachio Financiers
Lemon Bergamot Biscuits
Mark Ginger, Mango and Passion Fruit Trifle 11th Rose and Pistachio Macaroons
Chocolate and Raspberry Bites
Robert Rhubarb and Orange Trifle 2nd Almond Friands
Turǫn Macaroons
Ruby Desert Island Trifle 3rd Lemon Shortbread and White Chocolate Seashells
Blackberry and Chocolate Layer Cakes
In this challenge, Deborah accidentally used Howard's custard. As a result, Howard used Deborah's custard in his trifle, the incident was dubbed Custardgate by the Press.
Episode 4: Pies and Tarts[edit]
For the signature challenge the bakers are asked to bake a Double-crusted Fruit Pie with a filling of their choice. For their fourth Technical challenge, the bakers were required to bake a Tart that has almost a 700-year history; the Egg Custard Tart. For the showstopper, the challenge was to make a Filo Pie centrepiece using the Filo pastry that they had made from scratch.
Baker
Signature
(Double-Crusted Fruit Pie)
Technical
(12 Egg Custard Tarts)
Showstopper
(Filo Pie)
Ali Apple and Ginger Pie with a Pecan and Walnut Shortcrust Pastry 8th Orange, Cardamom and Date M'Hanncha
Beca Mamgu's Cherry-Apple Tart 2nd Moroccan Vegetable Filo Feast
Christine Granny Rogers' Apple, Plum & Cinnamon Country Pie 7th Roasted Vegetable Filo Pie with Feta Cheese
Frances Peach Pie In the Sky 1st Cherry Tree Baklava Filo Pie
Glenn Apple & Maple Syrup Pie 9th Spanakopita (Walnut and Feta Cheese)
Howard Apple Pie with Sage Pastry 5th Fresh Fig and Feta Filo Flan
Kimberley Pecan and Rosemary Caramel Apple Pie 4th Chicken, Bacon and Butternut Squash Pie
Robert Apple and Pear Pie with Thyme 3rd Spanakopita with St George's Mushrooms
Ruby Apple and Marzipan Pie 6th Rose, Almond and Raspberry Filo Pie
Episode 5: Biscuits and Traybakes[edit]
For the signature challenge, the bakers were asked to make their favorite traybake in two hours and cut into identical pieces. Everything made as part of the traybake however needed to be made from scratch. In the technical challenge, the bakers needed to make 18 tuiles using Mary's recipe in one and a half hour. Half of the tuiles needed to be shaped in the traditional manner and piped in a concentric circles, and the other rolled up and dipped in chocolate. In the last challenge, the baker had to make a biscuit tower of at least 30 cm high, to be finished in four hours.
Baker
Signature
(Traybake)
Technical
(18 Tuiles- 9 Original, 9 Dipped in Chocolate)
Showstopper
(Biscuit Tower)
Beca Chocolate, Cherry and Hazelnut Brownies 5th Tiered Macaron and Sugar Dough Biscuit Centrepiece
Christine Mixed Berry and Almond Crumble Traybake 1st Shortbread Bavarian Clock Tower
Frances Millionaire Banoffee Bonus 3rd Biscuit Buttons and Beads
Glenn Apricot and Pistachio Tiffin 2nd Shortbread and Macaron Helter-Skelter
Howard Breakfast Traybake 8th Japanese Pagoda Tea Tower
Kimberley Cherry and Almond Bakewell Florentine Slice 7th Black and White Viennese Biscuit Stack
Robert Blueberry & Orange Traybake 4th Dalek
Ruby Blackberry and Lemon Bakewell Slice 6th 'Dropped Ice-Cream' Biscuit Centrepiece
Episode 6: Sweet Dough[edit]
In the first challenge, the bakers were required to make a sweet tea loaf using yeast, either in a tin or free form. They were given 3 hours for the task. For the technical challenge, the bakers baked an apricot couronne using Paul's recipe in two and three-quarter hours. For the showstopper, the bakers needed to make two different varieties of European sweet buns, 12 of each. The bakers were given 30 minutes to start in the first day so that dough may be proofed overnight, to be finished the second day in four hours.
Baker
Signature
(Tea Loaf)
Technical
(Apricot Couronne)
Showstopper
(24 Sweet European Buns)
Beca Bara Brith 6th Chocolate and Rum-Soaked Prune Brioches
Cardamom Spiced Lemon Iced Buns
Christine Oxford Nutty Fruit Loaf 4th Schnecken Buns
Vanilla Custard Skolebrød
Frances Chai Tea Loaf 2nd Hot Cross Brioches
Rhubarb and Custard Kolaches
Glenn Devonshire Panettone 5th Almond and Apricot Brioches
Sticky Caramel Kanelbullen
Howard Date & Hemp Yorkshire Loaf 7th Peachy Buns
German Baumschnecken
Kimberley Chai Spiced Ginger and Date Tea Loaf 3rd Double Chocolate and Hazelnut Brioches
Danish Kanelsnurrer
Ruby Citrus Tea Loaf 1st Twisted Swedish Kanelbullar
Saffron St. Lucia Buns
Episode 7: Pastry[edit]
The bakers are challenged to bring the old fashioned suet pudding back up to date for the signature challenge. In the technical bake, the bakers are challenged to create eight perfect religieuse; these are choux buns that are topped with ganache and filled with crème patissiere then carefully balanced one on top of the other. In the Showstopper Challenge, the bakers have 4 hours to make three different types of puffed pastries; one must be filled, another has to be iced and the final one is of their choice.
Baker
Signature
(Suet Pudding)
Technical
(8 Religieuses)
Showstopper
(36 Puff Pastry Canapés- 12 Filled, 12 Iced, 12 of Their Own Choice)
Beca Spring Lamb and Vegetable Suet Pudding
with Redcurrant Gravy 1st Nectarine and Frangipane Squares
Chocolate and Hazelnut Vol-au-vents
Strawberries and Cream Mille-feuille
Christine Spotted Dick 'With a Kick'
and Vanilla Custard Ice Cream 6th Eccles Cakes
Fresh Fruit Baskets
Lemon Cream Eton Mess Mille-feuille
Frances Figgy Roll-y Poly Pudding
with Caramelised Walnut and Honey Ice-Cream 5th French Framboise Cream Horns
Sheet Music Mille-feuille
Bass Clef Palmiers
Glenn Prune and Armagnac Pudding
with Boozy Butterscotch Sauce 3rd Caramelised Apple and Marzipan Tartlets
Chocolate Elephant Ears
Passion Fruit Mille-feuille
Kimberley Barberry and Apple Spotted Dick
with Maple Syrup and White Chocolate Custard 4th Pear, Malt and Butterscotch Mille-feuille
Blackberry and Lemon Verbena Crème Brûle Custard Tarts
Fig, Orange and Thyme Galette
Ruby Plum Jam Roly-Poly
with Ginger Ice cream 2nd Raspberry and Passion Fruit Mille-feuille
Caramelised Apple Lattice
Portuguese Custard Tarts
Episode 8: Unconventional Ingredients (Quarter Final)[edit]
This week in the quarter final, the theme for this week were bakes that were free of something (e.g. gluten free, dairy free). In the Signature Challenge, the bakers are challenged to bake a loaf that does not use traditional wheat flours, instead they must use flours such as Spelt, Rye, Potato or Tapioca. The bakers are challenged in the technical bake to make a Dacquoise which consists of 3 layers; coiled meringue, coffee custard and a hazelnut praline top. For the showstopper, the bakers are pushed out of their comfort zones and asked to create novelty vegetable cakes which must be dairy free.
Baker
Signature
(Wheat-Free Loaf)
Technical
(Hazelnut Dacquoise)
Showstopper
(Dairy-Free Vegetable Cake)
Beca Potato, Spelt and Rosemary Focaccia 4th Spiced Butternut Squash and Pecan 'Cheese' Cake
Christine Multi-Seeded Loaf with Pumpkin, Sesame and Sunflower Seeds 5th Sweet Potato Guitar with Passion Fruit Icing and Marshmallow Fondant
Frances 'Chelsea Flour Show' Bun Bouquet 3rd Hidden Carrot Cake (Ground Praline, Beetroot and Walnut)
Kimberley Wild Garlic Pesto and Parma Ham Spelt Loaf 2nd Butternut Squash and Spice Cake Toadstool House
Ruby Mango and Nigella Seed Spelt Cob 1st Carrot Cake and Pistachio Garden Plot
Episode 9: French Pastry (Semi-Final)[edit]
This week's theme was French pastry. In the Signature Challenge, the bakers are challenged to make three different types of savoury canapé; one must be Choux, another must be Shortcrust or Rough Puff and the third can be anything of their choice. For the Technical bake, the bakers are challenged to make a Charlotte Royal; made of Swiss roll surrounding a bavarois, it is set with gelatin to form a firm dome when turned out. In the Showstopper Challenge, the bakers are challenged to bake an iconic French Patisserie, the Opera cake.
Baker
Signature
(36 Canapés- 12 Choux, 12 Shortcrust/Rough Puff, 12 Any of their Choice)
Technical
(Charlotte Royale)
Showstopper
(Opera Cake)
Beca Stilton and Walnut Macarons
Beetroot and Salmon Choux Puffs
Welsh Rarebit Tartlets 3rd Banoffee Opera Cake
Frances Legume Canapés:
Chantenay Carrots
Choux Pastry Tomatoes
Cauliflower Cheese Scones
2nd Great British Soap Opera Cake
Kimberley Pea Purée Tarts
Crab and Wasabi Profiteroles
Steamed Buns with Barbecue Chicken 1st Passion Fruit and Lime Opera Cake
Ruby Beetroot Jelly on Poppy Seed Biscuits
Spinach, Parmesan and Egg Tartlets
Choux Buns with Goat's Cheese and Caramelised Onions 4th Chocolate, Almond Praline and Saffron Opera Cake
Episode 10: Final[edit]
In the Signature Challenge, the final three are challenged to create a Picnic Pie. The pie must be savoury, the fillings have to create a creative design and has to be strong enough to be served out of the tin. For the Technical Challenge, the bakers are challenged to make 12 perfectly shaped pretzels; 6 savoury with rock salt and 6 sweet, flavoured with poppy seeds and topped with sweet orange zest and glaze. For the final Showstopper Challenge of the series, the bakers are asked to bake the ultimate showpiece - a three tiered wedding cake.
Baker
Signature
(Picnic pie)
Technical
(12 Pretzel - 6 Savory, 6 Sweet)
Showstopper
(Three Tiered Wedding Cake)
Frances Rainbow Picnic Pie 3rd Midsummer Night's Dream Wedding Cake
Kimberley Chicken and Pig Pie 1st Languages of Love Wedding Cake
Ruby Picnic Basket Pie 2nd Raspberry, Lemon and Passion Fruit Wedding Cake
Masterclasses[edit]
Mary and Paul take over the tent and take on the challenges that they set for the bakers, showing what they would have done had they been in the bakers shoes.
Episode 1[edit]
Bake 1
Bake 2
Bake 3
Mary Spiced Whole Orange Cake with Orange Mascarpone Icing Angel Food Cake with Lemon Curd Chocolate Creation Showstopper
Paul Olive Breadsticks English Muffins
Episode 2[edit]
Bake 1
Bake 2
Bake 3
Mary Tipsy Trifle Floating Islands Wobbly Apricot Tart
Paul Egg Custard Tarts Spanakopita N/A
Episode 3[edit]
Bake 1
Bake 2
Bake 3
Mary Ginger and Treacle Spiced Traybake Tuiles with Chocolate Mousse N/A
Paul Iced Tea Loaf Apricot Couronne Brioche Tetes
Episode 4[edit]
Bake 1
Bake 2
Bake 3
Mary Sussex Pond Pudding with Apples Religieuses Opera Cake
Paul Rye Bread Pretzels N/A
Christmas Masterclass[edit]
Bake 1
Bake 2
Bake 3
Mary Mincemeat Streusel Tunis Cake Gingerbread House
Paul Stollen Black Bun Boxing Day pie
Controversy[edit]
Before the series started, there was speculation Paul Hollywood would not appear in the show after his marriage broke down.[18][19][20] Mary Berry, however, was said to have supported Hollywood over rumours of his possible sacking by BBC,[21] and the BBC later denied the rumours and said that his job is safe.[22]
During the series, there were accusations of favouritism towards female contestants after the last man Glenn Cosby was eliminated from the show,[23] as well as allegations of Paul Hollywood's favouritism towards Ruby Tandoh,[24][25] and personal attacks on Tandoh by various people including the chef Raymond Blanc.[26][27][28] Both Paul Hollywood and Ruby Tandoh denied the accusation.[29][30]
Prior to the final, a rash of bets were placed on Frances Quinn to win. Bookmakers were forced to suspend the book after 90 per cent of wagers were placed on Quinn, and led to accusation that show insiders or friends who knew of the result were placing bets on the outcome.[31] This subsequently led to many online media sources speculating Quinn had won, inadvertently leaking the result prematurely.
Post-show career[edit]
Frances Quinn wrote a book, Quinntessential Baking, released on 17 August 2015.[32][33]
Ruby Tandoh has written a book, Crumb: The Baking Book, published on 25 September 2014.[34] She took half a year out from the university after the show but has returned to complete her philosophy and history of art course at University College London.[35] She wrote a column on baking for The Guardian.[36]
Beca Lyne-Pirkis presented a Welsh language cookery show Becws for S4C starting 11 September 2014.[37][38]
Glenn Cosby left teaching and launched his own touring stage show Bake it Big.[39][40]
Ali Imdad has set up a bakery business and become a full-time baker.[41]
Ratings[edit]
The show achieved some of the highest ratings seen on BBC Two. According to overnight data, the final episode was seen by 9.1 million viewers at its peak, and averaging over 8 million, more than twice the number of viewers on BBC One and ITV.[42] This episode is the highest-rated show ever on BBC2 under the ratings system first introduced in 2002, beating the previous record set by an episode of Top Gear in 2007.[43] Series 4 had an average of viewing figure of 7.4 million.[44]
Official episode viewing figures are from BARB.[45]
Episode
no.
Airdate
Viewers
(millions)
BBC Two
weekly ranking
Weekly ranking
all channels[46]
1 20 August 2013 (2013-08-20) 6.60 1 11
2 27 August 2013 (2013-08-27) 6.65 1 12
3 3 September 2013 (2013-09-03) 7.17 1 13
4 10 September 2013 (2013-09-10) 6.82 1 18
5 17 September 2013 (2013-09-17) 6.95 1 17
6 24 September 2013 (2013-09-24) 7.32 1 16
7 1 October 2013 (2013-10-01) 7.76 1 13
8 8 October 2013 (2013-10-08) 7.41 1 12
9 15 October 2013 (2013-10-15) 7.41 1 18
10 22 October 2013 (2013-10-22) 9.45 1 4
Specials[edit]
Episode
no.
Airdate
Viewers
(millions)
BBC Two
weekly ranking
The Great British Bake Off, Class of 2012
22 October 2013 (2013-10-22) 3.69 2
The Great British Bake Off Masterclass
1 29 October 2013 (2013-10-29) 2.73 4
2 30 October 2013 (2013-10-30) 2.27 10
3 31 October 2013 (2013-10-31) 2.21 13
4 1 November 2013 (2013-11-01) 1.69 24
The Great British Bake Off, Christmas Special
17 December 2013 (2013-12-17) 3.39 2
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Alex Fletcher (8 August 2013). "'Great British Bake Off' returns: First look at series four - Watch". Digital Spy.
^ Jump up to: a b Louise Carpenter (20 July 2013). "Behind the scenes at The Great British Bake Off". The Observer.
Jump up ^ Ben O'Brien (9 August 2013). "Great British Bake Off returns to the screen - and to East Harptree". The Somerset Standard and Guardian.
Jump up ^ Kelby McNally (8 August 2013). "FIRST LOOK: Great British Bake off is back!". The Daily Express.
Jump up ^ Sarah Bull (13 August 2013). "A dentist, a psychologist and a satellite designer: Meet the 13 contestants hoping to impress as The Great British Bake Off returns". Daily Mail.
Jump up ^ "It's easy as pie for Frances! Viewers' shock as outsider whisks her way to Bake Off victory with a rainbow picnic pie and wedding cake inspired by Shakespeare". Daily Mail. 22 October 2013. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
Jump up ^ Beca Lyne Pirkis. "Diet Starts Tomorrow…".
Jump up ^ "Christine Bakes".
Jump up ^ "Deborah Manger".
Jump up ^ Francis Quinn, Quinntessential
Jump up ^ "Glenn Cosby".
Jump up ^ Howard Middleton. "HoMi Baking".
Jump up ^ "butimhungrynow". butimhungrynow. Retrieved 2017-09-15.
Jump up ^ Lucy Bellamy. "Lucy B - Female Gardener".
Jump up ^ Rob Smart. "Rob Smart Bakes".
Jump up ^ Ruby Tandoh. "Ruby and the Kitchen".
Jump up ^ Toby Waterworth, Bakedown
Jump up ^ Christopher Stevens (21 August 2013). "Christopher Stevens reviews The Great British Bake Off". The Daily Mail.
Jump up ^ Alex Ralph (16 September 2013). "Next on menu after marriage break-up: Paul Hollywood puts his name on pants". The Times.
Jump up ^ Don Kaplan (29 May 2013). "Reported affair between judges Paul Hollywood and Marcela Valladolid adds spice to baking show". New York Daily News.
Jump up ^ Simon Cable (26 May 2013). "Mary Berry 'could quit Bake Off if pastry chef Paul Hollywood gets the axe'". The Daily Mail.
Jump up ^ Sam Marsden (27 May 2013). "Paul Hollywood's job on The Great British Bake Off is safe, BBC says". The Daily Telegraph.
Jump up ^ Alasdair Glennie and Laura Cox (2 October 2013). "The Great British Bloke Off! Show accused of favouritism towards female contestants after last man left is eliminated". The Daily Mail.
Jump up ^ Emma Lowe (28 September 2013). "Is Paul sweet on Bake Off model Ruby? Viewers suggest that TV host, 47, is flirting on screen with 21-year-old contestant". The Daily Mail.
Jump up ^ "Paul Hollywood shocks Bake Off fans by setting them straight on train". What's on TV. 9 October 2013.
Jump up ^ Liam O'Brien (21 October 2013). "Raymond Blanc rows with Great British Bake Off's Ruby Tandoh on Twitter". The Independent.
Jump up ^ Ruby Tandoh (22 October 2013). "The Great British Bake Off: why did our show attract so much vitriol?". The Guardian.
Jump up ^ Sarah Ditum (21 October 2013). "The Great British Bake-Off: Ruby Tandoh doesn't deserve this hostility". The Guardian.
Jump up ^ Daisy Wyatt (15 October 2013). "Paul Hollywood denies favouring Great British Bake Off's Ruby Tandoh: 'I think Kimberley's far prettier'". The Independent.
Jump up ^ Carl Greenwood (14 October 2013). "Great British Bake Off beauty Ruby Tandoh definitely does NOT fancy silver fox Paul Hollywood". Daily Mirror.
Jump up ^ Lucy Crossley (24 October 2013). "Did TV insiders bet on Great British Bake Off result? Bookies claim they were 'burned' by suspicious backing of winner who was 5-2 outsider". Daily Mail.
Jump up ^ Georgia Morgan (29 August 2015). "Former Great British Bake Off winner Frances Quinn shares recipes for her yummy treats from new book".
Jump up ^ Leah Hyslop (1 Apr 2014). "Frances Quinn: 'Bake Off was an endurance test'". Daily Telegraph.
Jump up ^ "The Great British Bake Off finalist Ruby Tandoh lands book deal after NINE publishers fight to sign her". Daily Mail. 17 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Siân Ranscombe (26 September 2014). "Ruby Tandoh on GBBO, Twitter trolls and her new baking book". The Daily Telegraph.
Jump up ^ "Ruby Tandoh". The Guardian.
Jump up ^ Kate Rees (30 July 2014). "'I'm happy about being the only Welshie on the Great British Bake Off,' says Beca Lyne-Pirkis". Wales Online.
Jump up ^ Ruth Dawson (2 September 2014). "Bake Off's Beca is back with new baking show Becws". South Wales Evening Post.
Jump up ^ "Bake it Big with Glenn Cosby – on tour this summer!". Food Heaven. 8 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Great British Bake Off star Glenn Cosby returns to Bake It Big". Exeter Express and Echo. 12 June 2014.
Jump up ^ Roz Laws (2 August 2014). "Whatever happened to the Great British Bake Off bakers from the Midlands?". Birmingham Mail.
Jump up ^ John Plunkett (23 October 2013). "Great British Bake Off final: 9m watch Frances Quinn win". The Guardian.
Jump up ^ Georg Szalai. "BBC's 'Great British Bake Off' Ends Season 4 With Record Ratings". The Hollywood Reporter.
Jump up ^ Stephen Price (22 January 2015). "BBC1 rises to the challenge". Broadcast.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Top 30 Programmes". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Top 10 Programmes". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
External links[edit]
Official Site
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The Great British Bake Off
Series
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Winners
Edd Kimber
Joanne Wheatley
John Whaite
Frances Quinn
Nancy Birtwhistle
Nadiya Hussain
Candice Brown
Sophie Faldo
Other contestants
James Morton
Glenn Cosby
Ali Imdad
Beca Lyne-Pirkis
Ruby Tandoh
Martha Collison
Related topics
List of Star Bakers
Junior Bake Off
The Great British Bake Off: An Extra Slice
Bake Off: The Professionals
International versions
Argentina
Australia
Brazil
Canada
France
Ireland
United States
2013
2015-present
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Great_British_Bake_Off_(series_4)&oldid=846430533"
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Visible spectrum
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Color spectrum" redirects here. For The Dear Hunter album, see The Color Spectrum.
White light is dispersed by a prism into the colors of the visible spectrum.
The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light or simply light. A typical human eye will respond to wavelengths from about 390 to 700 nm.[1] In terms of frequency, this corresponds to a band in the vicinity of 430–770 THz.
The spectrum does not, however, contain all the colors that the human eyes and brain can distinguish. Unsaturated colors such as pink, or purple variations such as magenta, are absent, for example, because they can be made only by a mix of multiple wavelengths. Colors containing only one wavelength are also called pure colors or spectral colors.
Visible wavelengths pass through the "optical window", the region of the electromagnetic spectrum that allows wavelengths to pass largely unattenuated through the Earth's atmosphere. An example of this phenomenon is that clean air scatters blue light more than red wavelengths, and so the midday sky appears blue. The optical window is also referred to as the "visible window" because it overlaps the human visible response spectrum. The near infrared (NIR) window lies just out of the human vision, as well as the Medium Wavelength IR (MWIR) window, and the Long Wavelength or Far Infrared (LWIR or FIR) window, although other animals may experience them.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Animal color vision
3 Spectral colors
4 Spectroscopy
5 Color display spectrum
6 See also
7 References
History[edit]
Newton's color circle, from Opticks of 1704, showing the colors he associated with musical notes. The spectral colors from red to violet are divided by the notes of the musical scale, starting at D. The circle completes a full octave, from D to D. Newton's circle places red, at one end of the spectrum, next to violet, at the other. This reflects the fact that non-spectral purple colors are observed when red and violet light are mixed.
In the 13th century, Roger Bacon theorized that rainbows were produced by a similar process to the passage of light through glass or crystal.[2]
In the 17th century, Isaac Newton discovered that prisms could disassemble and reassemble white light, and described the phenomenon in his book Opticks. He was the first to use the word spectrum (Latin for "appearance" or "apparition") in this sense in print in 1671 in describing his experiments in optics. Newton observed that, when a narrow beam of sunlight strikes the face of a glass prism at an angle, some is reflected and some of the beam passes into and through the glass, emerging as different-colored bands. Newton hypothesized light to be made up of "corpuscles" (particles) of different colors, with the different colors of light moving at different speeds in transparent matter, red light moving more quickly than violet in glass. The result is that red light is bent (refracted) less sharply than violet as it passes through the prism, creating a spectrum of colors.
Newton's observation of prismatic colors (David Brewster 1855)
Newton divided the spectrum into seven named colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. He chose seven colors out of a belief, derived from the ancient Greek sophists, of there being a connection between the colors, the musical notes, the known objects in the solar system, and the days of the week.[3] The human eye is relatively insensitive to indigo's frequencies, and some people who have otherwise-good vision cannot distinguish indigo from blue and violet. For this reason, some later commentators, including Isaac Asimov,[4] have suggested that indigo should not be regarded as a color in its own right but merely as a shade of blue or violet. However, the evidence indicates that what Newton meant by "indigo" and "blue" does not correspond to the modern meanings of those color words. Comparing Newton's observation of prismatic colors to a color image of the visible light spectrum shows that "indigo" corresponds to what is today called blue, whereas "blue" corresponds to cyan.[5][6][7]
In the 18th century, Goethe wrote about optical spectra in his Theory of Colours. Goethe used the word spectrum (Spektrum) to designate a ghostly optical afterimage, as did Schopenhauer in On Vision and Colors. Goethe argued that the continuous spectrum was a compound phenomenon. Where Newton narrowed the beam of light to isolate the phenomenon, Goethe observed that a wider aperture produces not a spectrum but rather reddish-yellow and blue-cyan edges with white between them. The spectrum appears only when these edges are close enough to overlap.
In the early 19th century, the concept of the visible spectrum became more definite, as light outside the visible range was discovered and characterized by William Herschel (infrared) and Johann Wilhelm Ritter (ultraviolet), Thomas Young, Thomas Johann Seebeck, and others.[8] Young was the first to measure the wavelengths of different colors of light, in 1802.[9]
The connection between the visible spectrum and color vision was explored by Thomas Young and Hermann von Helmholtz in the early 19th century. Their theory of color vision correctly proposed that the eye uses three distinct receptors to perceive color.
Animal color vision[edit]
See also: Color vision § Physiology of color perception
Many species can see light within frequencies outside the human "visible spectrum". Bees and many other insects can detect ultraviolet light, which helps them find nectar in flowers. Plant species that depend on insect pollination may owe reproductive success to their appearance in ultraviolet light rather than how colorful they appear to humans. Birds, too, can see into the ultraviolet (300–400 nm), and some have sex-dependent markings on their plumage that are visible only in the ultraviolet range.[10][11] Many animals that can see into the ultraviolet range, however, cannot see red light or any other reddish wavelengths. Bees' visible spectrum ends at about 590 nm, just before the orange wavelengths start.[12] Birds, however, can see some red wavelengths, although not as far into the light spectrum as humans.[13] The popular belief that the common goldfish is the only animal that can see both infrared and ultraviolet light [14] is incorrect, because goldfish cannot see infrared light.[15] Similarly, dogs are often thought to be color blind but they have been shown to be sensitive to colors, though not as many as humans.[16]
Spectral colors[edit]
Color
Wavelength
Frequency
Photon energy
Violet 380–450 nm 668–789 THz 2.75–3.26 eV
Blue 450–495 nm 606–668 THz 2.50–2.75 eV
Green 495–570 nm 526–606 THz 2.17–2.50 eV
Yellow 570–590 nm 508–526 THz 2.10–2.17 eV
Orange 590–620 nm 484–508 THz 2.00–2.10 eV
Red 620–750 nm 400–484 THz 1.65–2.00 eV
Colors that can be produced by visible light of a narrow band of wavelengths (monochromatic light) are called pure spectral colors. The various color ranges indicated in the illustration are an approximation: The spectrum is continuous, with no clear boundaries between one color and the next.[17]
Spectroscopy[edit]
Rough plot of Earth's atmospheric opacity to various wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light
Spectroscopy is the study of objects based on the spectrum of color they emit, absorb or reflect. Spectroscopy is an important investigative tool in astronomy, where scientists use it to analyze the properties of distant objects. Typically, astronomical spectroscopy uses high-dispersion diffraction gratings to observe spectra at very high spectral resolutions. Helium was first detected by analysis of the spectrum of the sun. Chemical elements can be detected in astronomical objects by emission lines and absorption lines.
The shifting of spectral lines can be used to measure the Doppler shift (red shift or blue shift) of distant objects.
Color display spectrum[edit]
Approximation of spectral colors on a display results in somewhat distorted chromaticity
A rendering of the visible spectrum on a gray background produces non-spectral mixtures of pure spectrum with gray, which fit into the sRGB color space.
Color displays (e.g. computer monitors and televisions) cannot reproduce all colors discernible by a human eye. Colors outside the color gamut of the device, such as most spectral colors, can only be approximated. For color-accurate reproduction, a spectrum can be projected onto a uniform gray field. The resulting mixed colors can have all their R,G,B coordinates non-negative, and so can be reproduced without distortion. This accurately simulates looking at a spectrum on a gray background.[18]
See also[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Definition of the Color Indigo
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Visible spectrum.
High-energy visible light
Electromagnetic absorption by water#Visible region, why water is blue
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Cecie Starr (2005). Biology: Concepts and Applications. Thomson Brooks/Cole. ISBN 0-534-46226-X.
Jump up ^ Coffey, Peter (1912). The Science of Logic: An Inquiry Into the Principles of Accurate Thought. Longmans.
Jump up ^ Isacoff, Stuart (16 January 2009). Temperament: How Music Became a Battleground for the Great Minds of Western Civilization. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. pp. 12–13. ISBN 978-0-307-56051-3. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
Jump up ^ Asimov, Isaac (1975). Eyes on the universe : a history of the telescope. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 59. ISBN 978-0-395-20716-1.
Jump up ^ Evans, Ralph M. (1974). The perception of color (null ed.). New York: Wiley-Interscience. ISBN 978-0-471-24785-2.
Jump up ^ McLaren, K. (March 2007). "Newton's indigo". Color Research & Application. 10 (4): 225–229. doi:10.1002/col.5080100411.
Jump up ^ Waldman, Gary (2002). Introduction to light : the physics of light, vision, and color (Dover ed.). Mineola: Dover Publications. p. 193. ISBN 978-0-486-42118-6.
Jump up ^ Mary Jo Nye (editor) (2003). The Cambridge History of Science: The Modern Physical and Mathematical Sciences. 5. Cambridge University Press. p. 278. ISBN 978-0-521-57199-9. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ John C. D. Brand (1995). Lines of light: the sources of dispersive spectroscopy, 1800–1930. CRC Press. pp. 30–32. ISBN 978-2-88449-163-1.
Jump up ^ Cuthill, Innes C (1997). "Ultraviolet vision in birds". In Peter J.B. Slater. Advances in the Study of Behavior. 29. Oxford, England: Academic Press. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-12-004529-7.
Jump up ^ Jamieson, Barrie G. M. (2007). Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Birds. Charlottesville VA: University of Virginia. p. 128. ISBN 1-57808-386-9.
Jump up ^ Skorupski, Peter; Chittka, Lars (10 August 2010). "Photoreceptor Spectral Sensitivity in the Bumblebee, Bombus impatiens (Hymenoptera: Apidae)". PLoS ONE. 5 (8): e12049. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...512049S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012049.
Jump up ^ Varela, F. J.; Palacios, A. G.; Goldsmith T. M. "Color vision of birds" in Ziegler & Bischof (1993) 77–94
Jump up ^ "True or False? "The common goldfish is the only animal that can see both infra-red and ultra-violet light." – Skeptive". Retrieved September 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ Neumeyer, Christa (2012). "Chapter 2: Color Vision in Goldfish and Other Vertebrates". In Lazareva, Olga; Shimizu, Toru; Wasserman, Edward. How Animals See the World: Comparative Behavior, Biology, and Evolution of Vision. Oxford Scholarship Online. ISBN 978-0-19-533465-4.
Jump up ^ "Colour cues proved to be more informative for dogs than brightness". Retrieved November 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ Thomas J. Bruno, Paris D. N. Svoronos. CRC Handbook of Fundamental Spectroscopic Correlation Charts. CRC Press, 2005.
Jump up ^ "Reproducing Visible Spectra". RepairFAQ.org. Retrieved 2011-02-09.
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