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Gatwick Airport
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"Gatwick" redirects here. For the neighbourhood in Surrey, see Gatwick, Surrey.
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Gatwick Airport
IATA: LGW
ICAO: EGKK
WMO: 03776
Summary
Airport type
Public
Operator
Gatwick Airport Limited
Serves
London, United Kingdom
Location
Crawley, West Sussex
Hub for
British Airways
Focus city for
easyJet
Norwegian Air Shuttle
Thomas Cook Airlines
TUI Airways
Virgin Atlantic
Elevation AMSL
203 ft / 62 m
Coordinates
51°08′53″N 000°11′25″W / 51.14806°N 0.19028°W / 51.14806; -0.19028Coordinates: 51°08′53″N 000°11′25″W / 51.14806°N 0.19028°W / 51.14806; -0.19028
Website
www.gatwickairport.com
Map
LGW
Location in West Sussex, England
Runways
Direction
Length
Surface
m
ft
08L/26R [nb 1] 2,565 8,415 Asphalt
08R/26L 3,316 10,879 Asphalt
Statistics (2017)
Passengers
45,561,700
Passenger change 16–17
5.2%
Air Transport Movements
285,969
Movements change 16–17
2.1%
Gates
115 (in terminal)
Sources: UK AIP at NATS[1]
Statistics from Gatwick Airport Limited[2]
Gatwick Airport (/ˈɡætwɪk/),[3] also known as London Gatwick[1] (IATA: LGW, ICAO: EGKK) is a major international airport near Crawley in West Sussex, southeast England, 29.5 miles (47.5 km) south of Central London.[1][4] It is the second-busiest airport by total passenger traffic in the United Kingdom, after London Heathrow.[5] Gatwick is the eighth-busiest airport in Europe. Until 2017, it was the busiest single-use runway airport in the world covering a total area of 674 Hectares.[6][7]
Gatwick opened as an aerodrome in the late 1920s, it has been in use for commercial flights since 1933. The airport has two terminals, the North Terminal and the South Terminal, which cover areas of 98,000 m2 (1,050,000 sq ft) and 160,000 m2 (1,700,000 sq ft) respectively.[8] It operates as a single-runway airport, using a main runway with a length of 3,316 m (10,879 ft). A secondary runway is available but, due to its proximity to the main runway, can only be used if that is out of use. In 2017, 45.6 million passengers passed through the airport, a 5.2% increase compared with 2016.[2]
Contents
1 History
2 Ownership
3 Operations
3.1 Facilities
3.2 Flight movements
3.3 Security
3.4 Major airlines
3.5 City Place Gatwick
3.6 Gatwick Aviation Museum
4 Terminals
4.1 South Terminal
4.2 North Terminal
4.3 Terminal assignments and rearrangements
5 Airlines and destinations
6 Traffic and statistics
6.1 Overview
6.2 Busiest routes
6.3 Traffic
7 Ground transport
7.1 Road
7.2 Rail
7.3 Bus
7.4 Bicycle
7.5 Terminal transfer
8 Expansion proposals
9 Accidents and incidents
10 See also
11 Notes
12 References
12.1 Citations
12.2 Bibliography
13 External links
History[edit]
Main article: Timeline of Gatwick Airport
The land on which Gatwick Airport stands was first developed as an aerodrome in the late 1920s. The Air Ministry approved commercial flights from the site in 1933, and the first terminal, "The Beehive", was built in 1935. Scheduled air services from the new terminal began the following year. Major development work at the airport took place during the 1950s. The airport buildings were designed by Yorke Rosenberg Mardall between 1955 and 1988.[9]
In the 1960s, British United Airways (BUA) and Dan-Air were two of the largest British independent[nb 2] airlines at Gatwick, with the former establishing itself as the dominant scheduled operator at the airport as well as providing a significant number of the airport's non-scheduled services and the latter becoming its leading provider of inclusive tour charter services.[10] Further rapid growth of charter flights at Gatwick was encouraged by the Ministry of Aviation, which instructed airlines to move regular charter flights from Heathrow. Following the takeover of BUA by Caledonian Airways at the beginning of the following decade, the resulting airline, British Caledonian (BCal), became Gatwick's dominant scheduled airline during the 1970s. While continuing to dominate scheduled operations at Gatwick for most of the 1980s, BCal was also one of the airport's major charter airlines until the end of the 1970s (together with Dan-Air, Laker Airways and British Airtours).[11] As a result of conditions imposed by Britain's Monopolies and Mergers Commission on the takeover of BCal by the then newly privatised British Airways (BA) at the end of the 1980s, Dan-Air and Air Europe assumed BCal's former role as Gatwick's dominant scheduled short-haul operator while BA continued in BCal's erstwhile role as the airport's most important scheduled long-haul operator. Following the demise of Air Europe and Dan-Air (both of which had continued to provide a significant number of charter flights in addition to a growing number of scheduled short-haul flights at Gatwick) in the early 1990s, BA began building up Gatwick into a secondary hub (complementing its main hub at Heathrow). These moves resulted in BA becoming Gatwick's dominant airline by the turn of the millennium.[12][13] BA's subsequent decision to de-hub Gatwick provided the space for EasyJet to establish its biggest base at the airport and to become its dominant airline.[14]
BAA Limited (now Heathrow Airport Holdings Limited) and its predecessors, BAA plc and the British Airports Authority, owned and operated Gatwick from 1 April 1966 to 2 December 2009.[15][16]
From 1978 to 2008, many flights to and from the United States used Gatwick because of restrictions on the use of Heathrow implemented in the Bermuda II agreement between the UK and the US.[17] US Airways, Gatwick's last remaining US carrier, ended service from Gatwick on 30 March 2013.[18] This leaves Gatwick without a scheduled US airline for the first time in 40 years.[19]
On 17 September 2008, BAA announced it would sell Gatwick after the Competition Commission published a report about BAA's market dominance in London and the South East. On 21 October 2009 it was announced that an agreement had been reached to sell Gatwick to a consortium led by Global Infrastructure Partners (GIP), who also have a controlling interest in Edinburgh[nb 3] airport, for £1.51 billion. The sale was completed on 3 December.[20] In February 2010, GIP sold minority stakes in the airport of 12% and 15% to the South Korean National Pension Service and the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA) for £100 million and £125 million, respectively. The sales were part of GIP's strategy to syndicate the equity portion of the original acquisition by issuing bonds to refinance bank debt. Although this entails bringing additional investors into the airport, GIP aims to retain management control.[21][22] The Californian state pension fund CalPERS acquired a 12.7% stake in Gatwick Airport for about $155 million (£104.8 million) in June 2010.[23] On 21 December 2010, the A$69 billion (£44 billion) Future Fund, a sovereign wealth fund established by the Australian government in 2006, agreed to purchase a 17.2% stake in Gatwick Airport from GIP for £145 million. This transaction completed GIP's syndication process for the airport, reducing its stake to 42% (although the firm's extra voting rights mean it still controls the airport's board).[24]
Ownership[edit]
The airport is owned and operated by Gatwick Airport Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Ivy Holdco Limited.[25]
Operations[edit]
Facilities[edit]
On 31 May 2008, Virgin Holidays opened the V Room, Gatwick's first lounge dedicated to leisure travellers, for use by Virgin Holidays customers flying to Orlando, Las Vegas and the Caribbean on sister airline Virgin Atlantic. On 25 January 2017, this lounge relocated to the North Terminal together with the Virgin Atlantic Clubhouse as part of the airline moves that saw British Airways and Virgin Atlantic exchange their previous terminal locations and EasyJet consolidated in the North Terminal.[26][27]
On 9 April 2009, an independent pay-for-access lounge, No.1 Traveller, opened in the South Terminal. Gatwick has a conference and business centre, and several on- and off-site hotels ranging in class from executive to economy. The airport has Anglican, Catholic and Free Church chaplains, and there are multi-faith prayer and counselling rooms in each terminal. A daily service is led by one of the chaplains.[28]
The Civil Aviation Authority Safety Regulation Group is in Aviation House.[29] WesternGeco, a geophysical services company, has its head office and Europe–Africa–Russia offices in Schlumberger House,[30][31] a 124,000 sq ft (11,500 m2) building on the airport grounds[32] near the South Terminal. The company had a 15-year lease on the building, scheduled to expire in June 2008. In 2007, WesternGeco reached an agreement with its landlord, BAA Lynton, extending its lease to 2016 at an initial rent of £2.1 million.[32] Fastjet has its registered and head offices at Suite 2C in First Point at the airport.[33]
Before the sale, BAA planned an £874 million investment at Gatwick over five years, including increased capacity for both terminals, improvements to transport interchange and a new baggage system for the South Terminal.[34] Passengers passing through the airport are informed about the redevelopment programme with large mobile barcodes on top of construction hoardings. Scanning these transfers information on the construction to the user's smartphone.[35]
In summer 2013, Gatwick introduced Gatwick Connect, a free flight connection service to assist passengers changing flights at Gatwick whose airlines do not provide a full flight connection service. At a Gatwick Connect desk in the baggage reclaim hall in each terminal, passengers can confirm their details or leave their bags for onward flights if already checked in online. As of mid-September 2015, the service is branded "GatwickConnects". It is available to passengers arriving on any airline who have an onward flight connection on Aer Lingus, Air Europa, Air Italy, Aurigny, British Airways, Cathay Pacific, EasyJet, Flybe, Norwegian Air Shuttle, TAP Portugal, Thomas Cook Airlines, TUI Airways, Virgin Atlantic, WestJet or WOW air.[36][37][38]
On 15 September 2015, the airport launched a service enabling passengers to book connecting flights involving a change of aircraft at Gatwick, where airlines do not provide a full flight connection service, in a single transaction at a lower cost (compared with the total cost when each flight is booked separately). It includes a guarantee to safeguard connections and make alternative arrangements for passengers who miss their connection in the event of their flight being delayed or cancelled. Gatwick claims this to be a world-first. This service is marketed under the "GatwickConnects" brand and is bookable through Dohop, Kayak, Momondo and Skyscanner. As of late 2016, it is available to passengers flying with Aer Lingus, Air Europa, EasyJet, Norwegian Air Shuttle, TAP Portugal and WOW air.[39][40][41]
On 13 September 2017, EasyJet launched "Worldwide by EasyJet", a flight connection service bookable on the airline's website to assist passengers transferring at Gatwick from one EasyJet flight to another, as well as passengers transferring at the airport between separate EasyJet, Norwegian Air Shuttle and WestJet flights. This service uses a new Easyjet technology platform, requires a minimum connecting time of two hours and 30 minutes and utilises the airport's existing "GatwickConnects" free flight connection service to transfer passengers' baggage between flights. Where connections are missed, it also includes a guarantee to rebook passengers on the next available flight.[42][43] On 28 September 2017, EasyJet announced that Aurigny was among four additional airlines it had signed up to "Worldwide by EasyJet". The addition of Aurigny and Thomas Cook Airlines enables both of these airlines' passengers to book flight connections with EasyJet, Norwegian Air Shuttle and WestJet via Gatwick on EasyJet's website using the "Worldwide by EasyJet" distribution service in conjunction with the airport's "GatwickConnects" flight connection service.[44][45] On 2 October 2018, EasyJet announced that Virgin Atlantic had joined "Worldwide by EasyJet" as a new connections airline partner at Gatwick Airport.[46]
Flight movements[edit]
The airport control tower opened in 1984.
Gatwick operates as a single-runway airport although it has two runways; the northern runway (08L/26R) can only be used when the main runway (08R/26L) is out of use for any reason. The UK Integrated Aeronautical Information Package gives the Takeoff Run Available (TORA) of its main runway (08R/26L) as 3,255 m when aircraft take off in a westerly direction (26) and 3,159 m when takeoffs occur in an easterly direction (08). The documentation lists the respective TORA for the northern runway (08L/26R) as 2,565 m in both directions. Nearly three-quarters of takeoffs are towards the west (74% over a 12-month period). Both runways are 148 ft (45 m) wide; they are 656 ft (200 m) apart,[47] which is insufficient for the simultaneous use of both runways. During normal operations the northern runway is used as a taxiway,[48][49] consistent with its original construction (although it was gradually widened).[50] In October 2018 the airport announced that it was "exploring how to make best use of its existing runways, including the possibility of bringing its existing standby runway into routine use".[51] One scenario would see 08L/26R used for departing narrow-body aircraft only, while the longer 08R/26L would be used for wide-body take-offs and all landings; widening 08L/26R would also increase the centreline separation slightly. New technology could also be used to increase capacity on the main runway, and in the longer term the airport remains interested in constructing a new runway to the south.[52]
The main runway uses a Category III Instrument Landing System (ILS). The northern runway does not have an ILS; when it is in use, arriving aircraft use a combination of distance measuring equipment and assistance from the approach controller (using surveillance radar) or (where equipped, and subject to operator approval) an RNAV (GNSS) approach (also available for the main runway).[53] On both runways, a continuous descent approach is used to minimise the environmental effects of incoming aircraft, particularly at night.[54]
Night flights are subject to restrictions;[55] between 11 pm and 7 am, noisier aircraft (rated QC/8 and QC/16) may not operate. From 11.30 pm to 6 am (the night quota period) there are three limits:
Number of flights
A Quota Count system, limiting total noise permitted[56]
No night QC/4 flights
Security[edit]
The airport is policed by the Gatwick District of Sussex Police. The district is responsible for the entire airport (including aircraft) and, in certain circumstances, aircraft in flight. The 150 officers attached to this district include armed and unarmed officers, and community support officers for minor offences. The airport district counters man-portable surface-to-air missiles (MANPADS) by patrolling in and around the airport, and a separate sub-unit has vehicle checks around the airport.[57]
Access to airside portions of the airport is controlled and maintained by the airport's team of security officers, regulated by the Department for Transport. Brook House, an immigration-removal centre of Immigration Enforcement, was opened near the airport on 18 March 2009 by the then Home Secretary Jacqui Smith.[58]
Major airlines[edit]
Exterior of the North Terminal before renovation
Aircraft stands at the North Terminal
The bridge connecting the North Terminal to its apron pier
The airport is a base for scheduled airlines British Airways (BA), EasyJet, Norwegian Air Shuttle and Virgin Atlantic and charter operators such as Thomas Cook Airlines and TUI Airways. Gatwick is unique amongst London's airports in its representation of the three main airline business models: full service, low-cost and charter.[59] As of October 2016, these respectively accounted for 26.6%,[nb 4] 61.3%[nb 4] and 13.1%[nb 5] of Gatwick's seat capacity.[60]
By late 2015, EasyJet flew over 100 routes from Gatwick with a fleet of more than 60 aircraft.[61][62] The airport is the carrier's largest base, and its 16 million passengers per year accounted for 45% of Gatwick's 2013 total[63] (ahead of Gatwick's second-largest passenger airline: BA, whose 4.5 million passengers comprised 14% of total passenger traffic in 2011–12).[nb 6][64][65]
EasyJet, BA and Norwegian are Gatwick's three biggest resident airlines. According to data from Airport Coordination Limited, these three airlines respectively accounted for 43.3%, 19% and 10.5% of airport slots in April 2018. According to this data, by April 2018 Norwegian had overtaken Virgin Atlantic as Gatwick's number one transatlantic airline by seat capacity, and BA's competitive response to Norwegian's growing commercial threat to its transatlantic business would result in Virgin's relegation to third position among the airport's transatlantic airlines during the 2018 summer timetable period.[66] EasyJet, BA and Norwegian collectively accounted for 65.43% of Gatwick's total passengers in 2016 (EasyJet: 40.37% / 17.4 million; BA: 14.39% / 6.2 million; Norwegian: 10.67% / 4.6 million).[67][68][69] As per Official Airline Guide (OAG) data for the week of 29 May 2017, their respective international departure seat capacity shares at the airport for summer 2017 are: 42.1%, 15.4% and 9.4%.[70] In terms of passengers carried, EasyJet and BA were also among the five largest airlines operating at Gatwick in 2010 (which also included TUI Airways and Thomas Cook Airlines at the time) and the top 10 in 2015.[71][40] In terms of total scheduled airline seats at Gatwick in 2014, EasyJet accounted for 18.36 million, more than two-and-a-half times as many as second-placed BA (seven million) and nearly five times the number offered by third-placed Norwegian Air Shuttle (3.74 million).[72] Using data sourced from the OAG Schedules Analyser, the following changes in the respective departure seat capacity shares of Gatwick's three biggest airlines occurred from 2010 to 2015: EasyJet's share increased from 26.1% in 2010 to 42.1% in 2015; BA's share dropped from 18.3% in 2010 to 15% in 2015; Norwegian's share rose almost three-fold from less than 3% in 2010 to 8.3% in 2015. EasyJet, BA, Norwegian, TUI Airways, Ryanair, Thomas Cook Airlines, Monarch Airlines, Virgin Atlantic, Vueling and Emirates were Gatwick's top 10 airlines by share of passengers in 2017.[73]
EasyJet's acquisition of BA franchise carrier GB Airways in March 2008 increased its share of airport slots to 24% (from 17% in late 2007); the airline became the largest short-haul operator at the airport, accounting for 29% of short-haul passengers.[74] By 2009, BA's share of Gatwick slots had fallen to 20% from its peak of 40% in 2001.[75] By 2010, this had declined to 16%.[76][77] By mid-2012, EasyJet had 45% of Gatwick's early-morning peak time slots (6 am to 8:55 am).[nb 7][78]
By 2008, Flybe was Gatwick's third-largest airline (accounting for 9% of its slots) and its fastest-growing airline.[75][79] It became the airport's largest domestic operator, carrying 1.2 million passengers in its 2011–12 financial year on eight routes to destinations in the UK, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man.[nb 6][80] In March 2013, the airline announced that it would end operations at Gatwick, citing unsustainably high airport charges and increases in UK Air Passenger Duty. Flybe sold its 25 pairs of daily slots[nb 8] at the airport to EasyJet for £20 million.[81][82] The latter's share of Gatwick slots increased to 44% in summer 2014; second-placed BA has held about 16% of the airport's slots since 2010.[76][77][83] Following the sale of its Gatwick slots to EasyJet, Flybe continues to provide the scheduled service between Gatwick and Newquay, as a result of being awarded the contract to fly this route under a four-year Public Service Obligation (PSO).[84]
The EU–US Open Skies Agreement, which became effective on 30 March 2008, led a number of airlines to downsize their transatlantic operations at Gatwick in favour of Heathrow. Continental Airlines was the second transatlantic carrier (after American Airlines)[85] to leave Gatwick after its decision to transfer the seasonal Cleveland service to Heathrow on 3 May 2009.[86][87]
Slots left by the US carriers (and the collapse of Zoom, XL Airways UK and Sterling) were taken by EasyJet, Flybe, Norwegian Air Shuttle and Ryanair. A number of full-service airlines have established or resumed operations at the airport, including Aeroflot, Cathay Pacific, Qatar Airways, Swiss International Air Lines and Turkish Airlines. This is part of the airport's strategy to attract higher-spending business travellers (countering its dependence on European low-cost and charter markets), increasing year-round capacity utilisation by smoothing peaks and troughs in traffic. Gatwick's success in persuading these airlines to launch (or re-launch) routes to overseas destinations important for business and leisure travel was aided by a lack of comparable slots at Heathrow.[88][89] On 16 June 2015, it was announced that Canadian airline WestJet would begin flights to Gatwick in the spring of 2016.[90] This was followed by an announcement on 25 June 2015 by Air Canada Rouge that it would begin a seasonal service from Gatwick to Toronto on 20 May 2016.[91] On 20 April 2017, Norwegian Air Shuttle announced its first long-haul route operated by Norwegian Air UK from Gatwick to Singapore.[69]
City Place Gatwick[edit]
Main article: City Place Gatwick
Gatwick's original terminal, the Beehive, is included within the City Place Gatwick office complex together with 1, 2 and 3 City Place.[92][93][94][95][96] The complex was developed by BAA Lynton.[97] A number of airlines have had offices at the Beehive, including BEA/British Airways Helicopters,[98][99] Jersey Airlines, Caledonian Airways, Virgin Atlantic and GB Airways.[100][101][102][103] Other airlines which had headquarters on airport property (including office buildings on the site of, or adjacent to, the original 1930s airport) include British Caledonian,[104][105] British United Airways,[106] CityFlyer Express,[107] Laker Airways[108] and Tradewinds Airways.[109][110]
Gatwick Aviation Museum[edit]
Main article: Gatwick Aviation Museum
Situated to the north-west of the airfield near the village of Charlwood, there is a museum including original items and photographs from Gatwick's history, as well as a variety of military aircraft. It is open Friday, Saturday and Sunday all year round.[111]
Terminals[edit]
South Terminal international arrivals concourse
Gatwick's North Terminal building and transit station before renovation
The airport has two terminals, South and North. Both have shops and restaurants landside and airside, and all areas are accessible to disabled passengers. There are facilities for baby changing and feeding. Business travellers have specialised lounges. The North and South Terminals are connected by a 0.75-mile (1.21 km), elevated, two-way automated people mover landside. They are not connected once past security.
South Terminal[edit]
The official opening of the central and main pier of what is now the South Terminal, with 11 aircraft stands, was on 9 June 1958. Gatwick was one of the world's first airports with an enclosed pier-based terminal, which allowed passengers to walk under cover to waiting areas near the aircraft (with only a short walk outdoors).[112] Another feature of Gatwick's new air terminal was its modular design, permitting subsequent, phased expansion.[113]
As passenger numbers grew, a circular satellite pier was added to the terminal building. It was connected to the main terminal by the UK's first automated people mover system.[112] (This replaced the original North pier dating from 1962; and the people mover was subsequently replaced with a walkway and travelators).
North Terminal[edit]
Construction began on the North Terminal on land previously earmarked for a second runway in the draft plan of May 1970. This was the largest construction project south of London in the 1980s, costing £200 million.[48][49][114][115] In 1991 a second aircraft pier was added to the North Terminal.
On 16 May 2005 the new Pier 6 opened at a cost of £110 million, adding 11 pier-served aircraft stands. The pier is linked to the North Terminal's main building by the largest air passenger bridge in the world, spanning a taxiway and providing passengers with views of the airport and taxiing aircraft.[116]
Terminal assignments and rearrangements[edit]
As part of a seven-year strategic commercial partnership between Gatwick and EasyJet, the airport proposed a number of changes to individual airlines' terminal locations. These would see EasyJet consolidate all its Gatwick operations in the North Terminal, while British Airways and Virgin Atlantic would swap their terminals. Gatwick believes that these terminal moves improve the airport's operational efficiency and resilience, as the use of different terminals by EasyJet and British Airways reduces pressure on the North Terminal's check-in, security, boarding and ramp areas at peak times. In addition, a terminal swap by Virgin frees up lounge and gate space for BA long-haul passengers in the South Terminal and, unlike BA's current short-haul schedules, Virgin's long-haul schedules do not clash with EasyJet's busy schedule in the North Terminal due to the airlines' differing peak times.[63]
It was confirmed in January 2015 that British Airways would move all its flights to the South Terminal in November 2016 while all EasyJet flights will be consolidated in the North Terminal at the same time.[117][62] However it was decided in February 2016 to postpone the agreed relocation of airlines until 25 January 2017, to avoid operational disruptions over the 2016–17 Christmas season and to give all parties involved enough time to deal with any unforeseen issues ahead of the February 2017 half-term holidays.[118] The relocation of these airlines was accomplished by the revised date on 25 January 2017.[119]
Airlines and destinations[edit]
The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter flights to and from Gatwick Airport:[120]
Airlines
Destinations
Aegean Airlines Seasonal: Athens
Aer Lingus Dublin, Knock
Air Arabia Maroc Fez, Marrakesh, Tangier
Air China Chengdu
Air Europa Madrid
Air Italy Seasonal: Olbia
Air Malta Malta
Air Transat Toronto–Pearson
Seasonal: Calgary, Montréal–Trudeau, Vancouver
airBaltic Riga, Tallinn
Aurigny Guernsey
Austrian Airlines Seasonal: Innsbruck
Azores Airlines Seasonal: Ponta Delgada
Belavia Minsk
BH Air Seasonal: Burgas, Varna
British Airways Algiers, Alicante, Amsterdam, Antigua, Barbados, Barcelona (ends 30 March 2019),[121] Bermuda, Bilbao (begins 31 March 2019),[122] Bordeaux, Cancún, Dubrovnik, Edinburgh, Faro, Fort Lauderdale, Fuerteventura, Funchal, Genoa, Glasgow, Grenada, Jersey, Kingston–Norman Manley, Lanzarote, Málaga, Malta, Marrakech, Mauritius, Naples, New York–JFK, Nice, Orlando, Paphos, Porto, Port of Spain, Providenciales, Punta Cana, Rome–Fiumicino, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, Salzburg, San José de Costa Rica, Seville, Tampa, Tenerife–South, Tirana, Tobago, Turin, Valencia (ends 30 March 2019),[123] Venice, Verona
Seasonal: Almeria (begins 31 March 2019),[124] Bari, Cagliari, Cape Town, Catania, Cologne/Bonn (begins 16 November 2018), Dalaman, Friedrichshafen, Geneva, Gibraltar, Grenoble, Heraklion, Ibiza, Innsbruck, Kos (begins 15 May 2019),[125] Larnaca, Las Vegas, Lima, Limoges, Malé, Menorca, Nuremberg, Palma de Mallorca, Rhodes, Thessaloniki, Toronto–Pearson, Vienna
Cathay Pacific Hong Kong
China Airlines Taipei–Taoyuan
China Eastern Airlines Shanghai–Pudong (begins 7 December 2018)[126]
Croatia Airlines Seasonal: Split
easyJet Aarhus (begins 2 November 2018), Aberdeen, Agadir, Alicante, Almería, Amsterdam, Athens, Barcelona, Bari, Basel/Mulhouse, Belfast–International, Berlin–Schönefeld, Berlin-Tegel, Bologna, Bordeaux, Budapest, Catania, Copenhagen, Edinburgh, Faro, Fuerteventura, Geneva, Gibraltar, Glasgow, Gran Canaria, Granada, Hamburg, Hurghada, Innsbruck, Inverness, Isle of Man, Jersey, Kraków, Lanzarote, Larnaca, Lisbon, Ljubljana, Luxembourg, Lyon, Funchal, Madrid, Málaga, Malta, Marrakech, Marseille, Milan–Linate, Milan–Malpensa, Montpellier, Munich, Murcia, Nantes, Naples, Nice, Olbia, Palermo, Palma de Mallorca, Paphos, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Pisa, Porto, Prague, Reykjavík–Keflavík, Rome–Fiumicino, Seville, Sofia, Stuttgart, Tallinn, Tenerife–South, Thessaloniki, Toulouse, Valencia, Venice, Verona, Vienna, Warsaw-Chopin (begins 31 October 2018),[127] Zürich
Seasonal: Ajaccio, Ancona, Antalya, Aqaba (begins 10 November 2018),[127] Bastia, Biarritz, Bodrum, Brindisi, Chania, Corfu, Dalaman, Dubrovnik, Figari, Friedrichshafen, Grenoble, Heraklion, Ibiza, Izmir, Kalamata, Kefalonia, Klagenfurt, Kos, La Palma, La Rochelle, Menorca, Mykonos, Östersund, Preveza, Pula, Rhodes, Rovaniemi (begins 31 October 2018),[128][127] Salzburg, Santiago de Compostela, Santorini, Split, Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion, Tivat, Turin, Varna, Volos, Zakynthos
Emirates Dubai–International
Enter Air Seasonal charter: Kefalonia,[129] Corfu,[130] Lemnos,[131] Preveza,[132] Samos,[133] Skiathos[134]
Finnair Seasonal: Ivalo, Kittilä
Flybe Newquay
Georgian Airways Tbilisi
Iberia Express Madrid
Icelandair Reykjavík–Keflavík
Iraqi Airways Baghdad1, Erbil, Sulaimaniyah
Level[135] Vienna
Montenegro Airlines Seasonal: Tivat
Norwegian Air Shuttle Alicante, Barcelona, Bergen, Boston, Buenos Aires–Ezeiza, Chicago–O'Hare, Copenhagen, Denver, Fort Lauderdale, Gothenburg, Gran Canaria, Helsinki, Lanzarote, Los Angeles, Madrid, Málaga, New York–JFK, Oakland, Orlando, Oslo–Gardermoen, Palma de Mallorca, Singapore (ends 12 January 2019),[136] Stavanger, Stockholm–Arlanda, Tampa (begins 31 October 2018),[137] Tenerife–South, Trondheim
Seasonal: Austin, Chania, Corfu, Dubrovnik, Faro, Ibiza, Kephalonia, Larnaca, Las Vegas, Reykjavík–Keflavík, Rovaniemi, Santorini, Seattle/Tacoma, Split, Tromsø
Pegasus Airlines Seasonal: Dalaman
Qatar Airways Doha
Rossiya Saint Petersburg
Royal Air Maroc Casablanca
RwandAir Kigali2
Ryanair Alicante, Cork, Dublin, Shannon
SmartWings Prague
Swiss International Air Lines Seasonal: Geneva
TAP Air Portugal Lisbon, Porto
Thomas Cook Airlines Cancún, Enfidha, Fuerteventura, Holguín, Hurghada, Gran Canaria, Lanzarote, Punta Cana, Tenerife–South
Seasonal: Almería, Antalya, Banjul, Barbados, Bodrum, Burgas, Cape Town, Cayo Coco, Corfu, Dalaman, Geneva, Goa, Heraklion, Ibiza, Innsbruck, Izmir, Lleida–Alguaire, Kalamata, Kavala, Kefalonia, Kos, Larnaca, Malta, Marsa Alam, Menorca, Mytilene, Naples, Orlando, Palma de Mallorca, Paphos, Preveza/Lefkas, Reus, Rhodes, Rovaniemi, Sal, Santorini, Skiathos, Split,[138] Zakynthos
TUI Airways Agadir, Alicante, Boa Vista, Cancún, Enfidha, Fuerteventura, Funchal, Gran Canaria, Hurghada, La Palma, Lanzarote, Liberia, Málaga, Malta, Marrakech, Marsa Alam, Mauritius, Montego Bay, Paphos, Puerto Vallarta, Punta Cana, Sal, St. Lucia, Tenerife–South, Varadero
Seasonal: Almeria, Alghero, Antalya, Aruba, Barbados, Bodrum, Burgas, Catania, Chania, Colombo, Corfu, Dalaman, Dubrovnik, Faro, Girona, Heraklion, Ibiza, Innsbruck, İzmir, Jerez de la Frontera, Kavala, Kefalonia, Kos, Krabi, Lamezia Terme (begins 11 May 2019),[139] La Romana, Larnaca, Menorca, Naples, Olbia, Orlando/Sanford, Palma de Mallorca, Phuket, Phu Quoc, Podgorica, Porto Santo, Preveza/Lefkada, Pula, Reus, Rhodes, Rijeka (begins 23 May 2019),[140] Salzburg, Samos, Santorini, Skiathos, Split, Thessaloniki, Varna,[139] Venice, Verona, Zakynthos
Seasonal charter: Chambéry, Geneva,[141] Kittilä,[141] Kuusamo,[141] Langkawi (begins 19 December 2018),[142] Sofia, Toulouse,[141] Turin,[141] U-Tapao/Pattaya (begins 26 December 2018)[142]
Tunisair Tunis
Turkish Airlines Istanbul–Atatürk, Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen
Seasonal: Bodrum[143]
Ukraine International Airlines Kiev–Boryspil
Virgin Atlantic Antigua, Barbados, Cancún, Grenada, Havana, Las Vegas (ends 30 March 2019),[144] Montego Bay, Orlando, Saint Lucia, Tobago
Vueling Barcelona, Bilbao, Florence, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Rome–Fiumicino
WestJet Calgary, Toronto–Pearson
Seasonal: Edmonton, Halifax, Vancouver, Winnipeg
Wizz Air Bucharest
WOW air Reykjavík–Keflavík
Notes
^1 Iraqi Airways' flights between Gatwick and Baghdad stop in Malmö. However, the airline does not have the rights to transport passengers solely between Gatwick and Malmö.
^2 Rwandair's flights between Gatwick and Kigali stop in Brussels. However, the airline does not have the rights to transport passengers solely between Gatwick and Brussels.
Traffic and statistics[edit]
Overview[edit]
In 2015, Gatwick became the first single runway airport to handle more than 40 million passengers annually.[145] By 2016, EasyJet accounted for over 40% of Gatwick's total passengers.[146][67] When ranked by global passenger traffic, Gatwick is 35th busiest internationally and the eighth busiest airport in Europe. Gatwick is the world's leading low-cost airport[147] and until March 2017 had the world's busiest single-use runway,[nb 9] with a maximum of 55 aircraft movements per hour.[148][6]
Busiest routes[edit]
The busiest routes to and from London Gatwick during 2016 are listed in the following table.
Busiest routes to and from Gatwick (2016)[149]
Rank
Airport
Total
passengers
Change
2015 / 16
1 Barcelona 1,357,124 0.7%
2 Dublin 1,306,914 20.6%
3 Málaga 1,166,991 10.0%
4 Amsterdam 1,062,388 8.7%
5 Madrid 947,394 1.5%
6 Dubai–International 920,462 6.3%
7 Tenerife–South 862,014 15.0%
8 Belfast–International 858,757 82.6%
9 Geneva 844,937 0.0%
10 Alicante 824,710 7.3%
11 Faro 809,645 7.8%
12 Palma de Mallorca 802,509 12.7%
13 Orlando 791,669 7.4%
14 Copenhagen 777,585 2.4%
15 Rome–Fiumicino 747,299 0.9%
16 Venice–Marco Polo 731,801 11.3%
17 Edinburgh 700,064 4.0%
18 Jersey 658,968 1.5%
19 Glasgow 608,550 0.6%
20 Nice 594,693 8.4%
21 Berlin–Schonefeld 592,605 7.9%
22 Milan–Malpensa 550,593 4.2%
23 Stockholm–Arlanda 492,461 3.0%
24 Lanzarote 474,869 11.2%
25 Barbados 447,003 3.2%
Traffic[edit]
Gatwick handled 186,172 passengers during its first seven months of operation after the 1956–58 reconstruction; the annual number of passengers passing through the airport was 368,000 in 1959 and 470,000 in 1960.[112][150] Passenger numbers reached one million for the first time during the 1962–63 fiscal year,[nb 10] with British United Airways (BUA) accounting for four-fifths.[151] The 1.5 million mark was exceeded for the first time during the 1966–67 fiscal year.[nb 11] This was also the first time more than half a million scheduled passengers used the airport.[152] Gatwick accommodated two million passengers for the first time during the 1967–68 fiscal year[nb 12] and three million in the 1969–70 fiscal year,[nb 13] with BUA accounting for nearly half.[153][154] By the early 1970s, 5 million passengers used Gatwick each year, with a record 5.7 million during the 1973–74 fiscal year.[nb 14] During that period, British Caledonian accounted for approximately half of all charter passengers and three-fourths of scheduled passengers.[155] Within a decade annual passenger numbers doubled, to 10 million; they doubled again, to over 20 million, by the late 1980s.[112][156][11][12] By the turn of the millennium, Gatwick handled more than 30 million passengers annually.[112]
Gatwick passenger totals, 2000–2017 (millions)
Updated: 13 January 2018.[2]
Number of passengers[nb 15]
Percentage change
Number of movements[nb 16]
Freight (tonnes)
2000
32,068,540 – 260,859 318,905
2001
31,181,770 02.8% 252,543 280,098
2002
29,627,420 05.0% 242,379 242,519
2003
30,005,260 01.3% 242,731 222,916
2004
31,466,770 04.9% 251,195 218,204
2005
32,775,695 04.2% 261,292 222,778
2006
34,163,579 04.2% 263,363 211,857
2007
35,216,113 03.1% 266,550 171,078
2008
34,205,887 02.9% 263,653 107,702
2009
32,392,520 05.3% 251,879 74,680
2010
31,375,290 03.1% 240,500 104,032
2011
33,674,264 07.3% 251,067 88,085
2012
34,235,982 01.7% 246,987 97,567
2013
35,444,206 03.5% 250,520 96,724
2014
38,103,667 07.5% 259,692 88,508
2015
40,269,087 05.7% 267,760 73,371
2016
43,119,628 07.1% 280,666 79,588
2017
45,516,700 05.2% 285,969[nb 17] 97,045
Source 2000–2016: UK Civil Aviation Authority[157]
Source 2017: Gatwick Airport Limited[2]
45.6 million passengers passed through Gatwick in 2017, an increase of 5.2% over the previous year. North Atlantic, other long-haul,[nb 18] UK,[nb 19] Irish, European scheduled and European charter[nb 20] passenger traffic recorded increases over the previous year of 20.2%, 9.9%, 5.1%, 4.3%, 3.7% and 1.5% to 3.25 million, 4.13 million, 4.08 million, 1.69 million, 29.36 million and 3.06 million, respectively. Air transport movements increased by 2.1% to 285,969. Cargo volume increased by 24.4% to 97,045 metric tonnes.[2]
Compared with a year earlier, September 2018 passenger numbers increased by 0.3% to 4.478 million (an increase of 14,800 over September 2017). The following changes were recorded amongst individual passenger traffic categories: North Atlantic traffic +20.5% (398,600 passengers); other long-haul[nb 18] traffic +15.6% (361,600 passengers); Irish traffic +0.4% (132,100 passengers); European scheduled traffic -1.5% (3.018 million passengers); European charter[nb 20] traffic -7.9% (249,800 passengers); UK[nb 19] traffic -9.6% (318,300 passengers). Air transport movements decreased by 1% to 26,951. Cargo volume increased by 17.4% to 9,873 metric tonnes. Key to the overall traffic growth was a 18.1% increase in long-haul passenger traffic, in particular to and from North America (+20.5%). This growth was driven by additional passengers travelling to and from Denver (+215.4%), Boston (+71.3%), Kigali (51.5%), Fort Lauderdale (+47.9) and Hong Kong (+4.2%). This in turn drove the increase in cargo traffic.[158] The continuing decrease in UK traffic was driven by Ryanair's suspension of flights between Gatwick and Belfast International Airport to get to grips with pilot rostering issues.[159]
Ground transport[edit]
North Terminal A23 roundabout
Gatwick has set goals of 40% public transport use by the time annual passenger traffic reaches 40 million (in 2015) and 45% by the time it reaches 45 million.[160]
Road[edit]
The airport is accessible from a motorway spur road at junction 9A of the M23, which links to the main M23 motorway 1 mile (1.6 km) east at junction 9. The M23 connects with London's orbital motorway, the M25, 9 miles (14 km) north; this provides access to much of Greater London, the South East and beyond, and the M23 is the main route for traffic to the airport. Gatwick is also accessible from the A23, which serves Horley and Redhill to the north and Crawley and Brighton to the south. The A217 provides access northwards to the town of Reigate. The airport has long- and short-stay car parks at the airport and off-site, although these are often full in summer. Local restrictions limit parking at (and near) Gatwick.
Rail[edit]
hide
[
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Gatwick Express route
Legend
London Victoria
Gatwick Airport
Haywards Heath
Burgess Hill
Hassocks
Brighton
Airport railway station
The airport railway station, next to the South Terminal, provides connections along the Brighton Main Line to Victoria and London Bridge stations in London and Brighton, Worthing, Eastbourne, Portsmouth and Bognor Regis to the south. Although the Gatwick Express to Victoria (operated by Southern) is the best-known service from the station, other companies (including Thameslink and Great Western Railway) also use the station and Southern services Victoria and London Bridge under its own name. Thameslink provides direct trains to Luton Airport; Great Western Railway trains directly link Gatwick Airport with Guildford and Reading for onwards connections to Oxford, Bristol, Plymouth and Cardiff. Pedestrians may reach Heathrow by a X26 Express Bus outside East Croydon station, an intermediate stop for rail service to London.
London Oyster Cards and contactless cards have been accepted on all rail routes from Gatwick Airport into London[161] since January 2016.[162]
Bus[edit]
National Express Coaches operates coaches to Heathrow Airport, Stansted Airport and cities and towns throughout the region and country. Oxford Bus Company operates direct services to Oxford, and EasyBus operates mini-coaches from both terminals to Earls Court and West Brompton.
Local buses connect the North and South Terminals with Crawley, Horley, Redhill, Horsham and Caterham. Services are offered by Metrobus and Fastway, a partly guided bus rapid transit system which was the first of its kind to be built outside a major city.
Bicycle[edit]
Route 21 of the National Cycle Network passes under South Terminal, allowing virtually traffic-free cycling northwards to Horley and southwards to Three Bridges and Crawley. A goods-style lift runs between the terminal and ground level (labelled "Lift to Cycle Route"), near Zone L.
Terminal transfer[edit]
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Gatwick Airport Shuttle
Legend
North Terminal
to London
South Terminal
Gatwick Airport
to Brighton
Airport inter-terminal transit, showing the latest generation of rolling stock approaching the North Terminal
The airport's North and South Terminals are connected by a 0.75 miles (1.21 km), elevated, two-way automated people mover track. The transit shuttle normally consists of two automatic, three-car, driver-less trains. Although colloquially known as a "monorail",[163] the shuttle runs on a dual, concrete track with rubber tyres and is not (technically) a monorail. The transit is ground-side, and besides linking the two terminals also serves to link the North terminal to the airport railway station.
The shuttle opened in 1987, along with the North Terminal, and initially used Adtranz C-100 people-mover cars which remained in operation until September 2009, by which time they had travelled a total of 2.5 million miles (4 million km). Gatwick began upgrading its shuttle service in April 2008, with a bus replacement service in place from September 2009. A new operating system and shuttle cars (six Bombardier CX-100 vehicles)[164] was installed, and the guideway and transit stations were refurbished at a total cost of £45 million. The system re-opened on 1 July 2010, two months ahead of schedule;[165][166] it featured live journey information and sensory technology to count the number of passengers at stations.
An earlier transit system, that opened in 1983 to link the main terminal (now the South Terminal) to the (then new) circular satellite pier, was the UK's first automated people-moving system. This system has since been replaced by a walkway-and-moving walkway link, although the remains of the elevated guideway are still visible.[163]
Expansion proposals[edit]
Main article: Expansion of Gatwick Airport
Gatwick has been included in a number of reviews of airport capacity in southeastern England. Expansion options have included a third terminal and a second runway, although a 40-year agreement not to build a second runway was made in 1979 with West Sussex County Council.[48][49][167] Expanded operations would allow Gatwick to handle more passengers than Heathrow does today, with a new terminal between two wide-spaced runways. This would complement or replace the South Terminal, depending on expected future traffic.[168]
Airport management's proposal for a second runway (south of the existing runway and airport boundary) were unveiled in July 2013. This was shortlisted for further consideration by the Airports Commission in December 2013, and the commission's final report was published in July 2015.[169][170] Another proposal would extend the North Terminal south, with a passenger bridge in the area currently occupied by aircraft stands without jet bridges.[168] Gatwick's draft master plan (released for consultation on 13 October 2011) apparently dropped the passenger-bridge plan in favour of a mid-field satellite (next to the control tower) linking to the North Terminal as part of an expanded 2030 single-runway, two-terminal airport.[171]
In late 2011, the Department for Transport (DfT) also began a feasibility study for a high-speed rail link between Gatwick and Heathrow as part of a plan combining the airports into a "collective" or "virtual hub", Heathwick. The scheme envisages a high-speed rail route parallel to the M25, covering 35 miles (56 km) in 15 minutes. Trains would reach speeds of 180 mph (290 km/h), and passengers would need to pass through immigration (or check in) only once. A 2018 proposal for a high-speed railway link to Heathrow, HS4Air, is currently being considered by the DfT. The proposal is part of a scheme to link the High Speed 1 and High Speed 2 railway lines and connect regional cities in Britain to the Channel Tunnel.[172] The DfT will respond to the HS4Air plans in the autumn of 2018.[173][174]
On 1 July 2015, the Airports Commission submitted their final report, recommending the expansion of Heathrow Airport as opposed to Gatwick. Whilst the commission recognised Gatwick's benefits and relatively less environmental consequences than Heathrow, they felt the economic benefits of Gatwick vs. Heathrow were not as great, nor as broad-ranging.[175] Gatwick are disputing the findings.[176]
Accidents and incidents[edit]
15 September 1936 – A British Airways Ltd de Havilland DH 86 on a night mail flight to Germany crashed on takeoff, killing the airline's chief pilot and two crew members.[177][178]
November 1936 – A British Airways Ltd Fokker F 12 crashed in a wood 4.5 miles (7.2 km) south of Gatwick on its final approach to the airport under a low ceiling in poor visibility, killing both pilots and seriously injuring the flight engineer.[179]
17 February 1959 – A Turkish Airlines Vickers Viscount 794D (registration: TC-SEV) on an international charter flight crashed in heavy fog at Newdigate, Surrey, on its approach to Gatwick after striking trees. Fourteen of the 24 on board died, and Turkish Prime Minister Adnan Menderes was amongst the survivors.[180][181][182]
5 January 1969 – A Boeing 727-113C (registration: YA-FAR) operating flight 701 of Ariana Afghan Airlines arriving from Frankfurt Airport, Germany, crashed into a house in Fernhill (near Horley, Surrey) in low visibility. The flaps were not extended to maintain flight at final-approach speed. Forty-eight of the 62 on board died, in addition to two on the ground.[181][183][184][185]
28 January 1972 – A British Caledonian Vickers VC10-1109 (registration: G-ARTA) with no passengers aboard sustained severe structural damage as a result of a hard landing at Gatwick at the end of a short ferry flight from Heathrow, where the aircraft had been diverted due to fog at Gatwick. After touching down on runway 08 and applying spoilers and reverse thrust, the aircraft became airborne again, bounced twice and landed heavily. This resulted in a burst front wheel tyre, a separated wheel and a crumpled fuselage (immediately in front of and behind the wings).[186] A survey of the aircraft's damage revealed that its airframe was bent out of shape, requiring extensive repairs to be restored to airworthiness. Since the repairs were not cost-effective, the airline's management decided to cannibalise the aircraft for spare parts before scrapping it at Gatwick in 1975.[187][188]
20 July 1975 – A British Island Airways (BIA) Handley Page Dart Herald 201 (registration: G-APWF) was involved in a runway accident while departing on a scheduled flight to Guernsey. The aircraft lifted off from runway 26 after a ground run of 2,490 feet (760 m), and appeared airborne for 411 ft (125 m) (with its landing gear retracting), before the rear underside of the fuselage settled back onto the runway and brought the aircraft to a stop. An investigation concluded that the landing gear was retracted before the aircraft had become established in a climb and the flap setting and takeoff speed were incorrect. Although the aircraft incurred substantial damage, none of the 45 occupants were hurt.[189]
See also[edit]
List of airports in the United Kingdom
World's busiest airports by passenger traffic
Busiest airports in Europe by passenger traffic
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Gatwick has two runways, however the proximity to each other prevents simultaneous operation of both runways meaning only one runway can be used at any one time.
Jump up ^ independent from government-owned corporations
Jump up ^ as of May 2012
^ Jump up to: a b excluding scheduled regional air services
Jump up ^ including scheduled regional air services
^ Jump up to: a b 1 April 2011 to 31 March 2012
Jump up ^ British Airways, 15%; Thomson Airways, 11%; Monarch Airlines, 7%; Flybe and Thomas Cook Airlines, 6% each
Jump up ^ including eight early-morning peak-time slot pairs
Jump up ^ by passengers; by movements until 2016
Jump up ^ 1 April 1962 to 31 March 1963
Jump up ^ 1 April 1966 to 31 March 1967
Jump up ^ 1 April 1967 to 31 March 1968
Jump up ^ 1 April 1969 to 31 March 1970
Jump up ^ 1 April 1973 to 31 March 1974
Jump up ^ number of passengers including both domestic and international
Jump up ^ number of movements represents total aircraft takeoffs and landings during each year
Jump up ^ air transport movements
^ Jump up to: a b excluding North Atlantic
^ Jump up to: a b including the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man
^ Jump up to: a b including North Africa
References[edit]
Citations[edit]
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^ Jump up to: a b "Aer Lingus to set up base at Gatwick". Financial Times. 19 December 2008. Retrieved 15 August 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "British Airways: the parental favourite gets new toys, but still has homework to do – BA's decline at Gatwick". CAPA Centre for Aviation. 24 May 2013. Retrieved 24 May 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "EasyJet lassos London Gatwick and Luton airports with long-term deals: EasyJet's negotiating power at Gatwick is stronger than ever". CAPA Centre for Aviation. 2 April 2014. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
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Jump up ^ "Flybe welcomes sale of London Gatwick". Easier.com. 2 October 2008. Retrieved 15 August 2010.
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Jump up ^ "Flybe Announces Departure From London Gatwick Airport ... Airline confirms it will maintain all Gatwick services until March 29, 2014". Flybe. 23 May 2013. Retrieved 24 May 2013.
Jump up ^ Strydom, Martin (23 May 2013). "Flybe sells Gatwick slots to EasyJet for £20m". The Telegraph. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "EasyJet works the Gatwick slot machine as Flybe cashes out: Flybe has less than half the average number of passengers per ATM at Gatwick – Seats per ATM at London Gatwick". CAPA Centre for Aviation. 31 May 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
Jump up ^ "Gatwick welcomes funding deal for Cornwall to London air link (> Media Centre > News)". Flybe. 27 October 2014. Archived from the original on 9 November 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "AA ends Gatwick operations". Institute of Commercial Management. 17 March 2008. Archived from the original on 6 October 2011. Retrieved 15 August 2010.
Jump up ^ Aviation Week & Space Technology, Vol. 169 No. 10, 15 September 2008, "Goodbye Gatwick", p. 16
Jump up ^ "TTG Digital – Continental severs last Gatwick link". Ttglive.com. 31 December 2008. Retrieved 15 August 2010. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "Small decline in passenger numbers at Gatwick in January". London Gatwick Airport. 11 February 2013. Archived from the original on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
Jump up ^ "Gatwick goes after the business traveller (> News)". Business Traveller. 24 November 2011. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
Jump up ^ "WestJet to Launch Service to London–Gatwick". Huffington Post Canada. 16 June 2015. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Air Canada Adds Lyon, London–Gatwick to its Growing Global Network". CNW Group. PR Newswire. 25 June 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
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Jump up ^ "Modern Airport – Features of Gatwick, ..." Flight. 4 June 1936. p. 603. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Modern Airport – Features of Gatwick, ..." Flight. 4 June 1936. p. 604. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "MEPC lands BT Workstyle pre-let at aerodrome." Property Week. 17 March 2000. Retrieved 12 February 2011. "Signing the pre-let caps a busy week for BT. It has also pre-let 14,000 sq m (150,000 sq ft) at BAA Lynton's 46,500 sq m (500,000 sq ft) City Place scheme at Gatwick."
Jump up ^ "BAH is moving ... to Aberdeen, Rotary Briefs, Business Aviation". Flight International. 2 March 1985. p. 12. Retrieved 2 June 2012.
Jump up ^ Classic Aircraft (Gone but not forgotten ... BEA and BA Helicopters), Vol. 44, No. 12, p. 69, Ian Allan Publishing, Hersham, December 2011
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Jump up ^ "Air Commerce ..., Up to date with Caledonian". Flight International: 121. 25 January 1962. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "World Airline Directory, British Atlantic Airways". Flight International: 826. 31 March 1984. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
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Jump up ^ "Air Transport ..., BUA retrenches". Flight International: 1058. 28 December 1967.
Jump up ^ "World Airline Directory." Flight International. 24–30 March 1999. 64. "Iain Stewart Centre, Beehive Ring Road, Gatwick Airport, Gatwick, West Sussex, RH6 OPB, UK"
Jump up ^ "World Airline Directory." Flight International. 16 May 1981. 1445. "Head Office: London Gatwick Airport, Horley, Surrey, UK."
Jump up ^ "World Airline Survey ..." Flight International: 564. 10 April 1969. "Head Office: Gatwick Airport, Horley. Surrey."
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^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Gatwick Airport History", Business & Community Reference Guide for in and around Crawley 2008/09, Wealden Marketing, 2008, p. 85
Jump up ^ Golden Gatwick—50 Years of Aviation, Chapter 8
Jump up ^ Above Us The Skies: The Story Of BAA – 1991 (Michael Donne – BAA plc), p. 15
Jump up ^ Gatwick Airport: The first 50 years, Woodley, C., The History Press, Stroud, 2014, p. 101
Jump up ^ Gatwick Airport: The first 50 years, Woodley, C., The History Press, Stroud, 2014, p. 129
Jump up ^ "Airlines to operate out of single terminals at London Gatwick (> Media centre > Press releases)". Gatwick Airport. 23 January 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Gatwick moves airline reshuffle to early 2017 (> News)". Business Traveller. 11 February 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "Some airlines have moved (> At the airport > Flying in > Some airlines are moving)". Gatwick Airport. Archived from the original on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
Jump up ^ gatwickairport.com - Flight Timetables retrieved 8 October 2016
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Jump up ^ https://www.britishairways.com/en-gb/traveltrade/bookings-policies/policies/askba?faqid=6913
Jump up ^ https://www.britishairways.com/en-gb/traveltrade/bookings-policies/policies/askba?faqid=6913
Jump up ^ https://www.britishairways.com/en-gb/traveltrade/bookings-policies/policies/askba?faqid=6913
Jump up ^ https://www.businesstraveller.com/business-travel/2018/09/22/british-airways-to-launch-kos-route/
Jump up ^ "China Eastern adds Shanghai – London Gatwick service from Dec 2018". Routesonline. 5 August 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Robertson, Edward (9 August 2018). "EasyJet launches three new ex-UK winter destinations". TTG. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
Jump up ^ "New EasyJet route to fly from London to 'official hometown of Santa Claus'". citmagazine.com. 9 August 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
Jump up ^ www.charterflights.co.uk
Jump up ^ www.charterflights.co.uk
Jump up ^ www.charterflights.co.uk
Jump up ^ www.charterflights.co.uk
Jump up ^ www.charterflights.co.uk
Jump up ^ www.charterflights.co.uk
Jump up ^ http://www.iairgroup.com/phoenix.zhtml%3Fc%3D240949%26p%3Daboutoverview
Jump up ^ Noakes, Gary (7 September 2018). "Norwegian to ditch Gatwick-Singapore but add Rio". TTG. TTG Media Limited. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
Jump up ^ Davies, Phil (25 June 2018). "Norwegian announces Gatwick-Tampa service". Travel Weekly. Travel Weekly Group. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
Jump up ^ Thomas Cook Flights – Fly Thomas Cook Airlines. Thomascookairlines.com. Retrieved on 24 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Flight Timetable". tui.co.uk. 5 November 2017. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Cite error: The named reference "tui"/ was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Ski Holidays 2017/2018 - Get More Winter With Crystal Ski". Crystal Ski.
^ Jump up to: a b "TUI Airways UK schedules new South East Asia routes in W18". routesonline.com.
Jump up ^ "TK will start London flight from Bodrum at high summer season of 2018". Turkish Airlines. 27 April 2018. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
Jump up ^ Robertson, Edward (16 May 2018). "Virgin switches Vegas flights from Gatwick to Heathrow". TTG Media. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "Gatwick sets new global passenger record for a single runway airport, underlining expansion case (> Media Centre > Press Releases > 2016)". 13 January 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Calder, Simon (23 April 2016). "Gatwick gears up for the big switch". Independent. Retrieved 11 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Norwegian strengthens London Gatwick & Singapore Changi LCC hub position: long haul low cost Part 2 – Gatwick and Changi are both major LCC hubs". CAPA Centre for Aviation. 27 April 2017. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
Jump up ^ House of Commons Transport Committee (February 2008). The Future of BAA: Fourth Report of Session 2007–08 (Report). The Stationery Office. Ev. 112. ISBN 978-0-215-51413-4.
Jump up ^ "Airport Data 2016". UK Civil Aviation Authority. 3 March 2017. Tables 12.1(XLS) and 12.2 (XLS). Retrieved 16 March 2017.
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Jump up ^ Gatwick Airport: The first 50 years, Woodley, C., The History Press, Stroud, 2014, pp. 86, 158
Jump up ^ Gatwick Airport: The first 50 years, Woodley, C., The History Press, Stroud, 2014, pp. 158/9
Jump up ^ "Airport Profile: Brief History". Ukaccs.info. Retrieved 15 August 2010.
Jump up ^ Golden Gatwick—50 Years of Aviation, Chapter 9 & 10
Jump up ^ Golden Gatwick—50 Years of Aviation, Chapter 10
Jump up ^ The Gatwick Express, p. 42
Jump up ^ "Aircraft and passenger traffic data from UK airports". UK Civil Aviation Authority. 11 March 2017. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
Jump up ^ "Stateside flights lift Gatwick passenger numbers in busiest-ever September (> Media Centre > Press Releases > 2018)". 11 October 2018. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ryanair grounds Belfast flights for four months". BBC News. 27 September 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Access Gatwick" (PDF). Gatwick Airport. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "Travelling with contactless and Oyster between Gatwick Airport and London : Southern". www.southernrailway.com. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Gatwick and Surrey stations to accept Oyster cards and contactless payments". ITV.
^ Jump up to: a b Hudson, Kenneth (1984). "Airports and Airfields". Industrial history from the air. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-25333-8.
Jump up ^ "Bombardier Signs 32 Million Euro Contract for Automated People Mover System at London Gatwick Airport, United Kingdom ; New APM Will Replace Existing Inter-Terminal Transit System Previously Supplied by Bombardier". Highbeam.com. 19 December 2007. Retrieved 15 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "Gatwick transit closed". UK Airport News. 29 September 2009. Archived from the original on 15 October 2009. Retrieved 30 September 2009.
Jump up ^ "Press release 2010 – London Gatwick – we have lift on!" (Press release). Gatwick Airport. Archived from the original on 3 August 2010. Retrieved 15 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "1979 Gatwick Airport runway agreement" (PDF). Gatwick Airport. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "interim master plan (Gatwick Interim Master Plan – October 2006)" (PDF). 15 August 2010. Retrieved 15 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "Gatwick Airport announces second runway plan". BBC News. 23 July 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "Airports Commission report: Gatwick & Heathrow on shortlist for expansion". www.crawleynews.co.uk. 17 December 2013. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
Jump up ^ Draft Gatwick Master Plan (A single runway airport – 2030: 10.2.14 Aprons and piers and Figure A.12, p. 93 and Appendix A – Drawings), Gatwick Airport, West Sussex, 13 October 2011
Jump up ^ Tute, Ryan (7 March 2018). "Firm pitches "an M25 for high-speed trains" to pass through Heathrow and Gatwick". Infrastructure Intelligence. Archived from the original on 30 July 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Paton, Graeme (20 July 2018). "M25-style railway takes you from Gatwick to Heathrow in 15 mins". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Grafton-Green, Patrick (21 July 2018). "New M25-style railway takes you from Gatwick to Heathrow in 15 minutes". Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 22 July 2018. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
Jump up ^ "Airport expansion: What happens next?". BBC News. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "Airports Commission's findings simply don't add up". mediacentre.gatwickairport.com. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Gatwick Accident, Commercial Aviation". Flight. 24 September 1936. p. 327. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Gatwick and Mirabella, Commercial Aviation". Flight. 22 October 1936. p. 420. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "The Crawley Accident, Commercial Aviation". Flight. 20 November 1936. p. 590. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "1959: Turkish leader involved in fatal crash". BBC News. 17 February 1979. Retrieved 15 August 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "Major Incidents". Surrey Constabulary History. Robert Bartlett. Archived from the original on August 2010.
Jump up ^ "Ministry of Aviation – Civil Aircraft Accident: Report on the Accident to Vickers Viscount 794 TC-SEV at London (Gatwick) Airport on 17 February 1959". Gatwick Aviation Society. Archived from the original on 16 December 2007. Retrieved 15 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "Accident Database query – Ariana Afghan Airlines". Airdisaster.com. 5 January 1969. Archived from the original on 11 August 2010. Retrieved 15 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "Ariana 727 Accident Cause, World News". Flight International. 3 September 1970. p. 329. Retrieved 15 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "Board of Trade – Civil Aircraft Accident: Report on the Accident to Boeing 727-113C YA-FAR 1.5 miles east of London (Gatwick) Airport on 5 January 1969". Gatwick Aviation Society. Retrieved 15 August 2010.
Jump up ^ Classic Airliner (VC10 – The story of a classic jet airliner: Disposal of British Caledonian VC10s), p. 60, Key Publishing, Stamford, 2015
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Jump up ^ "Report No: 4/1977. Report on the accident to Handley Page Herald Series 201, G-APWF at Gatwick Airport, 20 July 1975". UK AAIB. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
Bibliography[edit]
Gwynne, Peter. (1990) A History of Crawley (2nd Edition) Philmore. ISBN 0-85033-718-6
King, John, with Tait, Geoff, (1980) Golden Gatwick – 50 Years of Aviation, British Airports Authority.
King, John, (1986) Gatwick – The Evolution of an Airport, Gatwick Airport Ltd. and Sussex Industrial Archaeology Society. ISBN 0-9512036-0-6
Bain, Gordon, (1994), Gatwick Airport, Airlife Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-85310-468-X
Tait, Geoffrey, (1984), The Gatwick Express, G. Tait & Associates Ltd. ISBN 0-95088-020-5
Eglin, Roger; Ritchie, Berry (1980). Fly me, I'm Freddie. London, UK: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-77746-7.
Thomson, Adam (1999). High Risk: The Politics of the Air. London, UK: Sidgwick and Jackson. ISBN 0-283-99599-8.
Simons, Graham M. (1993). The Spirit of Dan-Air. Peterborough, UK: GMS Enterprises. ISBN 1-870384-20-2.
Simons, Graham M. (1999). It was nice to fly with friends! The story of Air Europe. Peterborough, UK: GMS Enterprises. ISBN 1-870384-69-5.
Branson, Richard (2006). Losing my Virginity – The Autobiography (2nd reprint ed.). London, UK: Virgin Books Ltd. ISBN 0-7535-1020-0.
Financial Times, 26 October 2007. London, UK: UK Edition.
Skyport – Gatwick edition (Dixon, A., "Second runway plans to remain grounded", pp. 1, 3). Hounslow, UK. 26 February 2010.
Financial Times, 10 February 2010. London, UK: UK Edition.
Woodley, Charles (2014). Gatwick Airport: The first 50 years. Stroud, UK: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7509-5797-7. (Google Books)
External links[edit]
Media related to London Gatwick Airport at Wikimedia Commons
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