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Constitution of Virginia
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The Virginia Constitutional Convention, 1830, by George Catlin
The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Virginia is the document that defines and limits the powers of the state government and the basic rights of the citizens of the U.S. Commonwealth of Virginia. Like all other state constitutions, it is supreme over Virginia's laws and acts of government, though it may be superseded by the United States Constitution and U.S. federal law as per the Supremacy Clause.
The original Virginia Constitution of 1776 was enacted in conjunction with the Declaration of Independence by the first thirteen states of the United States of America. Virginia was an early state to adopt its own Constitution on June 29, 1776, and the document was widely influential both in the United States and abroad.[1] In addition to frequent amendments, there have been six major subsequent revisions of the constitution (by Conventions for the constitutions of 1830, 1851, 1864, 1870, 1902, and by commission for 1971 amendments). These new constitutions have been part of, and in reaction to, periods of major regional or social upheaval in Virginia. For instance, the 1902 constitution included provisions to disfranchise African Americans, who in 1900 made up nearly 36% of the state's population.[2] They did not regain suffrage until after passage of federal civil rights legislation in the mid-1960s.
Contents
1 Historic constitutions
1.1 1776
1.2 1830
1.3 1851
1.4 1864
1.5 1870
1.6 1902
2 Current constitution (1971)
2.1 Article I – Bill of Rights
2.2 Article II – Franchise and Officers
2.3 Article III – Division of Powers
2.4 Article IV – Legislature
2.5 Article V – Executive
2.6 Article VI – Judiciary
2.7 Article VII – Local Government
2.8 Article VIII – Education
2.9 Article IX – Corporations
2.10 Article X – Taxation and Finance
2.11 Article XI – Conservation
2.12 Article XII – Future changes
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Historic constitutions[edit]
See also: Virginia Conventions
George Mason, one of the principal architects of the 1776 Virginia Constitution
1776[edit]
The preparation of the first Virginia Constitution began in early 1776, in the midst of the early events of the American Revolution. Among those who drafted the 1776 Constitution were George Mason and James Madison. Thomas Jefferson was Virginia's representative to the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia at the time, and his drafts of the Virginia constitution arrived too late to be incorporated into the final document.[3] James Madison's work on the Virginia Constitution helped him develop the ideas and skills that he would later use as one of the main architects of the United States Constitution.[4]
The 1776 Constitution declared the dissolution of the rule of Great Britain over Virginia and accused England's King George III of establishing a "detestable and insupportable tyranny". It also established separation of governmental powers, with the creation of the bicameral Virginia General Assembly as the legislative body of the state and the Governor of Virginia as the "chief magistrate" or executive. The accompanying Virginia Declaration of Rights, written primarily by Mason, focuses on guarantees of basic human rights and freedoms and the fundamental purpose of government. It, in turn, served as a model for a number of other historic documents, including the United States Bill of Rights.
Critically, the 1776 Constitution limited the right to vote primarily to property owners and men of wealth. This effectively concentrated power in the hands of the landowners and aristocracy of Southeastern Virginia.[1] Dissatisfaction with this power structure would come to dominate Virginia's constitutional debate for almost a century.[5]
1830 Virginia Constitution, page one
1830[edit]
By the 1820s, Virginia was one of only two states that limited voting to landowners. In addition, because representation was by county rather than population, the residents of increasingly populous Western Virginia (the area that would become West Virginia in 1863) had grown discontented at their limited representation in the legislature.[5] Pressure increased until a constitutional convention was convened in 1829–1830. This convention became largely a contest between eastern Virginia planters of the slaveholding elite and the less affluent yeomen farmers of Western Virginia. Issues of representation and suffrage dominated the debate.[6] Delegates to the convention included such prominent Virginians as James Madison, James Monroe, John Tyler, and John Marshall.[7]
The convention ultimately compromised by loosening suffrage requirements. It also reduced the number of delegates and senators to the Virginia General Assembly. The resulting constitution was ratified by a popular majority, though most of the voters in the western part of the state ended up voting against it.[8] Thus, the underlying intrastate tensions remained, and would have to be addressed later.
1851[edit]
As of the 1840 census, the majority of the white residents of the state lived in western Virginia, but they were underrepresented in the legislature because of the continued property requirement for voting; not all held sufficient property to vote. This compounded their dissatisfaction with the apportionment scheme adopted in 1830, which was based on counties rather than population, thus giving disproportionate power to the fewer, but propertied whites who lived in the eastern part of the state and kept a grip on the legislature. As the state legislature also elected the governor and the United States senators, Western Virginians felt they had little influence on state leadership. Their attempts to win electoral reform in the Virginia legislature were defeated each time. Some began to openly discuss the abolition of slavery or secession from the state.[9] Ultimately, the eastern planters could not continue to ignore their discontent, and a new constitutional convention was called to resolve the continuing tensions.
The most significant change adopted in the 1851 Constitution was elimination of the property requirement for voting, resulting in extension of the suffrage to all white males of voting age. The 1851 Constitution established popular election for the governor, the newly created office of lieutenant governor, and all Virginia judges, rather than the election of the top two state officers by the legislature, or political appointment for judges. Because of these changes, the 1851 Virginia Constitution became known as the "Reform Constitution".[10]
Portrait of Francis H. Pierpont, governor and driving force behind the 1864 Constitution
1864[edit]
When in 1861, the Virginia legislature voted for secession in the events leading up to the American Civil War, all of the western and several of the northern counties dissented They set up a separate government with Francis H. Pierpont as governor. During the Civil War, this separate or "restored" government approved the creation of West Virginia as a separate state (which was admitted to the Union in 1863) and in 1864 it approved a new Constitution.[11] The constitution was the product of a divided state and government; it was the first since the original 1776 Constitution to be adopted by the legislature without a popular vote.
The 1864 Constitution abolished slavery in Virginia, disfranchised men who had served in the Confederate government, recognized the creation of the State of West Virginia, and adjusted the number and terms of office of the members of the Virginia Assembly.[12]
The foreword to the current Virginia Constitution does not include the 1864 Constitution in its list of previous constitutions. It notes that the 1864 Constitution was drafted under wartime conditions and was of uncertain legal status.[13]
John C. Underwood. He so dominated the 1867–1868 constitutional convention that the resulting document became known as the "Underwood Constitution".
1870[edit]
After the end of the Civil War, Virginia came briefly under military rule during Reconstruction, with the district commanded by John M. Schofield. Pursuant to federal Reconstruction legislation, Schofield called for a new constitutional convention to meet in Richmond from December 1867 to April 1868. In protest of freedmen's suffrage, many of Virginia's conservative whites refused to participate in voting for delegates.[14] As a result, Republicans led by Judge John Curtiss Underwood dominated the convention. Opponents called the result the "Underwood Constitution"[15] or the "Negro Constitution", as it gave freedmen suffrage.[14]
Significant provisions included expanding the suffrage to all male citizens over the age of 21, which included freedmen; establishing a state public school system for the first time, with mandatory funding and attendance; and providing for judges to be elected by the General Assembly rather than by popular vote.[16] Controversy over clauses that continued the temporary disfranchisement of former Confederate government members delayed the adoption of the Constitution. An eventual compromise provided for separate voting on the disfranchisement clauses and the rest of the Constitution; the former failed to win approval.[12] The remainder of the Underwood Constitution was ratified by a popular vote of 210,585 to 9,136, and went into effect in 1870.
1902[edit]
In the late nineteenth century, white Democrats regained power in state legislatures across the South. They passed Jim Crow laws establishing racial segregation in public facilities and restricting the lives of blacks. Beginning with Mississippi in 1890, legislatures began to ratify new constitutions, amendments or electoral laws that disfranchised African-American voters, devising means such as poll taxes, literacy tests and residential requirements that passed Supreme Court review but worked against poor blacks and many poor whites. By the turn of the 20th century, six Southern states had essentially eliminated the black vote, and pressure mounted among whites in Virginia to do the same, ostensibly as a way to stop electoral fraud and corruption.[17]
The 1901 constitutional convention met in this climate. Members were focused on restricting black voting rights without violating the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution or disfranchising poor whites.[18] Led by the future Senator Carter Glass, the convention created requirements that all prospective voters had to pay poll taxes or pass a literacy test administered by white registrars. An exemption was granted, in a kind of grandfather clause, for military veterans and sons of veterans, who were virtually all white. The changes effectively disfranchised black voters, though many illiterate whites were also unable to meet the new requirements. In 1900 blacks made up nearly 36 percent of the population.[2] In succeeding elections, the Virginia electorate was reduced by nearly half as a result of the changes.[19] When adjusted for the Nineteenth Amendment, voter turnout would not return to 1900 levels until 1952 within a statewide population almost twice the size. The small electorate was key to maintaining the dominant Democratic Organization in power for sixty years.[20]
Other significant provisions of the 1902 Constitution imposed racial segregation in public schools (which already existed on a de facto basis) and abolished the county court system. The Constitution provided for the creation of the State Corporation Commission to regulate the growing power of the railroads.[21] Because of concern over African-American opposition, the convention did not honor its pledge to have the proposed constitution put to popular vote.[22] Like the 1864 Constitution by the Loyalist government during the Civil War, the legislature adopted the 1902 Constitution without ratification by the electorate. It was in effect far longer than any previous Virginia constitution.[23]
Current constitution (1971)[edit]
As a result of the Civil Rights Movement challenging the restrictions and discrimination practiced against blacks exercise of constitutional rights, a series of US Supreme Court cases, beginning with Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, the 24th Amendment, and federal legislation: the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 had overturned the most controversial aspects of the 1902 Constitution – the provisions restricting voting by African Americans and mandating school segregation. Combined with the election of Governor Mills Godwin in 1965, there was impetus for governmental change. Godwin strongly advocated the loosening of the strict constitutional restrictions on state-issued bonds and borrowing, and used his power and popularity to push for a new constitution. In 1968 a joint resolution of the Virginia General Assembly approved a new commission, chaired by former Governor Albertis Harrison, to revise the constitution.[24]
The Commission on Constitutional Revision presented its report and recommendations to Governor Godwin and the General Assembly in January 1969, and continued to work with them to draft a final consensus version.[25] The proposed Constitution was overwhelmingly approved by the voters of Virginia (who by then included African-American men and women, following passage of federal civil rights legislation in the mid-1960s) and took effect on July 1, 1971.
Since 1971, additional amendments have been passed by the General Assembly and approved by the voter to conform to provisions in the U.S. Constitution, rulings from the U.S. Supreme Court and Congressional statute. The voting age has been reduced to eighteen, voting residency requirements have been removed, and voter registration conforms to the Motor Voter Act. Additionally, the Virginia Constitution now provides for a General Assembly session following a governor’s veto, and the right of the people to hunt, fish and harvest game is guaranteed.[26] In 2006, Virginians passed an amendment limiting marriage to “unions between one man and one woman”.[27] That has since been overturned by Obergefell v. Hodges (2015).
The current Constitution of Virginia consists of twelve Articles:[28]
Article I – Bill of Rights[edit]
Article I contains the entire original Virginia Declaration of Rights from the 1776 Constitution. Several of the sections have been expanded to incorporate concepts from the United States Bill of Rights, including the right to due process, the prohibition against double jeopardy, and the right to bear arms. Like the Federal Constitution, the Virginia Bill of Rights, in §17, states that the listing of certain rights is not to be construed to exclude other rights held by the people.
In 1997, a Victims' Rights Amendment was added to the Virginia Bill of Rights as §8-A. In Nobrega v. Commonwealth, the only case so far to interpret this amendment, the Virginia Supreme Court used the Victims’s Rights Amendment to support its ruling that an alleged rape victim could not be compelled to submit to a psychiatric evaluation.[29]
On November 7, 2006, Virginia voters ratified an amendment, previously approved by the General Assembly, prohibiting same-sex marriage, to be added to the Bill of Rights.[30] This amendment also prohibits the recognition of any "union, partnership, or other legal status" between unmarried people that intends to approximate marriage or which confers the "rights, benefits, obligations, qualities, or effects of marriage." The Virginia Attorney General issued an opinion stating that the amendment does not change the legal status of documents such as contracts, wills, or Advanced Medical Directives between unmarried people.[31] The amendment was declared to be in violation the United States Constitution by a U.S. District Court Judge on February 13, 2014.[32] (In 2015, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Obergefell v. Hodges that the failure to provide for same-sex marriage by any U.S. state had the effect of violating the rights of homosexuals to equal protection of law required under the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.)
Article II – Franchise and Officers[edit]
The second Article of the Constitution sets out the procedures and mechanisms for voting, elections and holding office. Pursuant to Section 1, any Virginia resident over age 18 may vote in state elections; the voting age was reduced from 21 by a 1972 amendment to the federal constitution.[33] However, § 1 denies the vote to people who have been determined to be mentally incompetent or anyone convicted of a felony. Disfranchising convicted felons has been found to be consistent with the Equal Protection Clause of the U.S. Constitution.[34] The General Assembly, pursuant to §4, is given wide power to regulate the time place and manner of all elections.[35]
Section Five establishes that the only qualifications to hold office in Virginia are that a person must have been a Virginia resident for at least one year and eligible to vote. Any statute or rule requiring other qualifications is constitutionally invalid under this section.[36] But, the General Assembly can impose local residency requirements for election to local governmental bodies or for election to the Assembly in representation of particular districts.
Article III – Division of Powers[edit]
Article III has one section, confirming the principle of separation of powers between the legislative, executive and judicial branches of government. Unlike the U.S. federal Constitution, the Virginia Constitution explicitly provides that no branch may exercise powers that properly belong to the others.[37] Separation between the branches of government is also listed as a right of the people in §5 of Article I.
Article IV – Legislature[edit]
Article IV establishes the basic structure and authority of the Virginia legislature. The legislative power of the state is vested in the Virginia General Assembly, which consists of the Virginia Senate and the Virginia House of Delegates. §17 of Article IV gives the legislature the power to impeach members of the executive and judicial branches.
The original §14 of Article IV forbade the incorporation of churches, though the Virginia Commission on Constitutional Revision, in its 1969 report, had recognized that the prohibition was probably invalid. The federal district court for the Western District of Virginia ruled in April 2002 that this provision of the Virginia Constitution was in fact unconstitutional, because it violates the federal constitutional right to the free exercise of religion.[38] The court found that it is unconstitutional to deny a church the option to incorporate under state law when other groups can incorporate.[39] An amendment striking the ban on church incorporation was approved by Virginia voters in November 2006.
Article V – Executive[edit]
The fifth Article similarly defines the structure and powers of the executive branch. The Governor of Virginia is invested as the chief executive, though §1 of Article V, provides that the governor may not run for successive terms. The offices of lieutenant governor and attorney general are established as supporting elected constitutional positions.
The constitutional powers of the governor include the ability to sign legislation, veto bills (which veto may then be overridden by a two-thirds majority of both houses of the assembly), and issue pardons.
Article VI – Judiciary[edit]
Article VI vests judicial power in the Supreme Court of Virginia, along with the subordinate courts created by the General Assembly. Judges are appointed by a majority vote in the General Assembly to terms of 12 years for Supreme Court Justices and 8 years for other judges. The Supreme Court, pursuant to §5, has the authority to make rules governing the practice of law and procedures in the courts of the commonwealth (see rules), and the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is established as the administrative head of the Virginia judicial system.
Article VII – Local Government[edit]
Article VII of the Constitution sets up the basic framework for the structure and function of local government in Virginia. Local government may be established at the town (population over 1000), city (population over 5000), county or regional government level. Article VII gives the General Assembly the power to create general laws for the organization and governing of these political subdivisions, except that regional governments cannot be created without the consent of the majority of the voters who vote on the issue in the region.
Section 4 establishes the constitutional offices of treasurer, sheriff, Commonwealth's Attorney, clerk of court and Commissioner of the Revenue to be elected within each city and county in Virginia.
Article VIII – Education[edit]
A compulsory and free primary and secondary public education for every Virginia child is the focus of Article VIII. The General Assembly is empowered to determine the funding for the educational system and apportion the cost between state and local government. A state Board of Education is established to create school divisions and effectuate the overall educational policies. Supervision of the individual schools is delegated to local school boards, provided for in §7.
Article IX – Corporations[edit]
The primary purpose of Article IX is to create the Virginia State Corporation Commission, which is charged with administering the laws that regulate corporations. The State Corporation Commission also issues charters for Virginia corporations and licenses to do business for “foreign” (non-Virginia) corporations. Section 5 of Article IX prohibits such foreign corporations from doing anything in Virginia that a Virginia corporation could not do.
Article X – Taxation and Finance[edit]
Article X establishes the basic structure for taxation of personal property in Virginia. Pursuant to this Article, all non-exempt real and personal property is subject to taxation at its fair market value. Section 6 sets out a lengthy list of exempt property, which includes church property, cemeteries, and non-profit school property.
Significant additions to Article X include §7, a budget amendment, which became effective in 1986, and §7-A, which establishes the "Lottery Proceeds Fund", requiring that all proceeds from the lottery be set aside for educational purposes.
Article XI – Conservation[edit]
Article XI states that it is the general policy of the Commonwealth to preserve, protect and conserve the state’s natural and historic resources. The General Assembly is permitted to further these policies by entering into public-private partnerships or partnerships with federal agencies.
A 2001 amendment added §4, which establishes hunting and fishing as constitutional rights of Virginians, though the legislature may enact appropriate regulations and restrictions on these rights.
Article XII – Future changes[edit]
The last Article creates the mechanism for future changes to the Constitution. Any amendment to the Constitution must first be passed by a majority in each of the two legislative houses. The proposed amendment must then be held over for consideration by the succeeding elected legislature, where it must again be passed by a majority in each house. The amendment then goes on the general ballot and becomes enacted into the Constitution if approved by a majority of the voters.
Alternatively, a two-thirds majority of both Virginia houses may call for the creation of a constitutional convention. Any revisions or amendments proposed by the constitutional convention are presented to the citizens of Virginia and become law upon approval by a majority of voters.
There is a perennial discussion over Virginia’s unique Constitutional status restricting its governor to one consecutive term, and its distinctive method of selecting both trial and appellate judges by state legislature, shared only with South Carolina.[40]
See also[edit]
Law of Virginia
Virginia Conventions
References[edit]
Notes
^ Jump up to: a b Lieberman, Jethro (1987). The Enduring Constitution: A Bicentennial Perspective. West Publishing Co. pp. 27–28. ISBN 0-314-32025-3.
^ Jump up to: a b Historical Census Browser, 1900 Federal Census, University of Virginia Archived 2007-08-23 at the Wayback Machine., accessed 15 Mar 2008
Jump up ^ "ONE OF THE MOST INTRIGUING MIGHT-HAVE-BEENS IN AMERICAN HISTORY". Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Retrieved 2011-10-03.
Jump up ^ Schwartz, Stephan A. (May 2000). "George Mason : Forgotten Founder, He Conceived the Bill of Rights". Smithsonian (31.2): 142.
^ Jump up to: a b Dabney, Virginius (1971). Virginia, The New Dominion. University Press of Virginia. pp. 213–216. ISBN 0-8139-1015-3.
Jump up ^ "1830 Virginia Constitution". West Virginia Division of Culture and History. Retrieved 2006-09-12.
Jump up ^ "The Story of Virginia; Becoming Southerners". Virginia Historical Society. Retrieved 2006-09-12.
Jump up ^ Dabney (1971), p. 218
Jump up ^ Wilentz, Sean (2005). The Rise of American Democracy, Jefferson to Lincoln. W.W. Norton & Company. pp. 587–588. ISBN 0-393-05820-4.
Jump up ^ "Constitution of 1851". West Virginia Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2006-09-12.
Jump up ^ Salmon (1994), pp.45–47.
^ Jump up to: a b "Cyclopaedia of Political Science; Virginia". Library of Economics and Liberty. Retrieved 2006-09-12.
Jump up ^ "Constitution of Virginia; Foreword" (PDF). Virginia General Assembly. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-09-13. Retrieved 2006-09-13.
^ Jump up to: a b Morgan, Lynda (1992). Emancipation in Virginia's Tobacco Belt, 1850–1870. University of Georgia Press. pp. 160–166. ISBN 0-8203-1415-3.
Jump up ^ Salmon (1994), p. 52.
Jump up ^ "Views of a Changing Landscape; Historical Background for Sudley Post Office". University of Maryland. Retrieved 2006-09-14.
Jump up ^ Moger, Allen (1968). Virginia: Bourbonism to Byrd, 1870–1925. University Press of Virginia. pp. 181–183. ISBN 0-8139-0182-0. OCLC 435376.
Jump up ^ "Virginia's Constitutional Convention of 1901–1902". Virginia Historical Society. Archived from the original on 2006-10-02. Retrieved 2006-09-14.
Jump up ^ Dabney (1971), pp. 436–437
Jump up ^ Heinemann, Ronald L., et.al., Old Dominion, New Commonwealth: a history of Virginia 1607-2007. University of Virginia Press 2007 ISBN 978-0-8139-2609-4, p. 277-278
Jump up ^ Maddex, Robert (1998). State Constitutions of the United States. Congressional Quarterly, Inc. p. 406. ISBN 1-56802-373-1.
Jump up ^ Moger (1968), pp.192–200.
Jump up ^ Dabney (1971), pp. 439–440.
Jump up ^ Salmon (1994), pp.78–79.
Jump up ^ "Register of the Papers of A.E.Dick Howard for the Virginia Commission for Constitutional Revision; 1969–71". University of Virginia. Archived from the original on August 29, 2006. Retrieved 2006-09-15.
Jump up ^ Dinan, John. The Virginia State Constitution: a reference guide. Praeger (2006) ISBN 0-313-33208-8 p.24, 216.
Jump up ^ Peaslee, Liliokanaio, and Swartz, Nicholas J., “Virginia Government: Institutions and Policy” (2014) SAGE Congressional Quarterly Press, ISBN 978-1-4522-0589-2, p. 19
Jump up ^ Article and section references are to the articles and sections of the "Constitution of Virginia (1971, as amended)". Commonwealth of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2012-01-02.
Jump up ^ Nobrega v. Commonwealth , 271 Va 508 (2006).
Jump up ^ Virginia Code Commission (2008). Code of Virginia, 1950: Constitutions. Matthew Bender & Company. p. 122. ISBN 978-1-4224-5072-7.
Jump up ^ Op. Atty. Gen., Opinion No. 06-003 (Sept. 14, 2006), 2006 WL 4286442
Jump up ^ Baratko, Trevor (13 February 2014). "Virginia's same-sex marriage ban unconstitutional, federal judge says". Loudon Times. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
Jump up ^ Virginia Code Commission (2008), p. 127.
Jump up ^ Perry v. Beamer , 933 F. Supp. 556 (1996).
Jump up ^ Moore v. Pullem , 150 S.E. 415 (1928).
Jump up ^ Gwaltmey v. Lyons , 166 Va. 872 (1914).
Jump up ^ Maddex (1998), p. 407.
Jump up ^ Falwell v. Miller , 203 F. Supp.2d 624 (W.D. Va. 2002).
Jump up ^ "Proposed Constitutional Amendment; Ballot Question Number 2" (PDF). Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved 2006-10-31.
Jump up ^ Dinan (2006). p. 24
Bibliography
Salmon, Emily; Edward D.C. Campbell, Jr., eds. (1994). The Hornbook of Virginia History. The Library of Virginia. ISBN 0-88490-177-7.
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Constitution of Virginia (current version, adopted 1971)
Text of the 1776 Constitution
Text of the 1830 Constitution
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text:
Don't Dream It's Over
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Don't Dream It's Over"
Cover of the 1986 Australian single[1]
Single by Crowded House
from the album Crowded House
B-side
"That's What I Call Love"
Released
October 1986 (1986-10)
Format
7-inch single
Recorded
1986
Capitol Recording Studios
Sunset Sound Factory
(Los Angeles, California)
Genre
Rock[2]
pop[3]
Length
3:55
Label
Capitol
Songwriter(s)
Neil Finn
Producer(s)
Mitchell Froom
Crowded House singles chronology
"Now We're Getting Somewhere"
(1986) "Don't Dream It's Over"
(1986) "Something So Strong"
(1987)
"Now We're Getting Somewhere"
(1986) "Don't Dream It's Over"
(1986) "Something So Strong"
(1987)
Audio sample
file
help
"Don't Dream It's Over" is a song by the Australian rock band Crowded House, recorded for their 1986 self-titled debut studio album.[4] The song was written by band member Neil Finn, and released in October 1986 as the fourth single from the album.
The song, described by AllMusic as a "majestic ballad",[5] became the band's biggest international hit, reaching No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States in April 1987.[6] "Don't Dream It's Over" was also a great success in Neil Finn's native country New Zealand where it peaked at No. 1; it also topped the charts in Canada, while in Australia it peaked at No. 8. In Continental Europe, it reached No. 6 in Norway, No. 7 in the Netherlands, and No. 13 in Germany. In America the single was topped only by "I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)" by Aretha Franklin and George Michael.
In May 2001, the Australasian Performing Rights Association (APRA) celebrated its 75th anniversary by naming the Best New Zealand and Best Australian songs of all time, as decided by APRA members and an industry panel. "Don't Dream It's Over" was ranked second on the New Zealand list[7] and seventh on the Australian list.[8]
Contents
[hide]
1 Music video
2 Track listing
3 Personnel
4 Release history
5 Chart performance
5.1 Weekly charts
5.2 Year-end charts
6 Paul Young version
6.1 Track listing
6.2 Charts
7 Sixpence None the Richer version
7.1 Track listing
7.2 Charts
8 Other cover versions and uses
9 References
Music video[edit]
The music video, directed by Alex Proyas, features some surreal special effects such as household objects – including shattering crockery – and film reels that float in the air, with lead singer Finn playing a guitar and walking through the same house during different time periods while his bandmates are either performing household chores or playing various backing instruments.[9] It was nominated for Best Group Video, and Best Direction at the 1987 MTV Video Music Awards, and earned the group a Best New Artist award.[10]
Track listing[edit]
"Don't Dream It's Over" written by Neil Finn. "That's What I Call Love" written by Neil Finn and Paul Hester.
7-inch vinyl
"Don't Dream It's Over" – 4:03
"That's What I Call Love" – 4:22
12-inch vinyl
"Don't Dream It's Over" (Extended version) – 6:10 (only in 12-inch vinyl single)
"Don't Dream It's Over" – 4:03
"That's What I Call Love" – 4:22
7-inch US vinyl (American Pie label)
"Don't Dream It's Over" – 4:03
"Something So Strong" – 2:51
1995 UK CD1
1995 Netherlands CD
"Weather with You" (live) – 4:35
The only B-side track in other UK editions
"Into Temptation" (live) – 4:48
"Locked Out" (live) – 2:04
1995 UK CD2
"Four Seasons in One Day" (live) – 3:08
"In My Command" (live) – 4:14
"Pineapple Head" (live) – 3:40
Personnel[edit]
Neil Finn: vocals and guitar
Nick Seymour: bass guitar
Paul Hester: drums and backing vocals
Mitchell Froom: keyboards
Release history[edit]
Region
Date
Australia October 1986
United Kingdom January 1987
Chart performance[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1986–87)
Peak
position
Australia (Kent Music Report)[11]
8
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[12]
6
Canada (RPM)[13]
1
Germany (Official German Charts)[14]
13
Ireland (IRMA)[15]
19
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[16]
7
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[17]
1
Norway (VG-lista)[18]
6
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[19]
27
US Billboard Hot 100[20]
2
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[21]
9
US Mainstream Rock (Billboard)[22]
11
Chart (1996)
Peak
position
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[23]
25
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1987)
Rank
Australia[11] 54
Canada[24] 34
New Zealand[25] 4
US Billboard Hot 100[26] 13
Preceded by
"Funkytown" by Pseudo Echo New Zealand Singles Chart
19 April 1987 Succeeded by
"Lean on Me" by Club Nouveau
Preceded by
"Lean on Me" by Club Nouveau Canadian Singles Chart
2 May 1987 Succeeded by
"With or Without You" by U2
Paul Young version[edit]
"Don't Dream It's Over"
Single by Paul Young
from the album From Time to Time – The Singles Collection
Released
19 September 1991
Format
7" vinyl,12" vinyl ,CD
Recorded
1990
Genre
Pop rock
Length
3:56
Label
Columbia
Songwriter(s)
Neil Finn
Producer(s)
Dan Hartman
Paul Young singles chronology
"Both Sides, Now"
(1991) "Don't Dream It's Over"
(1991) "Come On In"
(1991)
"Both Sides, Now"
(1991) "Don't Dream It's Over"
(1991) "Come On In"
(1991)
In 1991, Paul Young covered "Don't Dream It's Over" on his compilation From Time to Time – The Singles Collection. Young's version featured Paul Carrack.
Track listing[edit]
"Don't Dream It's Over" (Neil Finn) – 3:56
"I Need Somebody" (Paul Young) – 4:00
Charts[edit]
Chart (1991)
Peak
position
UK Singles Chart 20
Irish Singles Chart 13
German Singles Chart 71
French Singles Chart 27
Dutch Top 40 67
Norwegian Singles Chart 6
Swedish Singles Chart 25
Sixpence None the Richer version[edit]
"Don't Dream It's Over"
Single by Sixpence None the Richer
from the album Divine Discontent
Released
2003
Format
CD
Recorded
2001
Genre
Pop rock
Length
4:03
Label
Reprise
Squint
Songwriter(s)
Neil Finn
Producer(s)
Rob Cavallo
Sixpence None the Richer singles chronology
"Breathe Your Name"
(2002) "Don't Dream It's Over"
(2003) "My Dear Machine"
(2008)
"Breathe Your Name"
(2002) "Don't Dream It's Over"
(2003) "My Dear Machine"
(2008)
"Don't Dream It's Over" was the second radio single released in promotion of the album Divine Discontent by Sixpence None the Richer. The commercial single release features the B-side "Don't Pass Me By," which was recorded during the sessions for Divine Discontent. Their version was also included in the 2003 compilation album Smallville: The Talon Mix.[27]
Track listing[edit]
US Commercial Single
"Don't Dream It's Over" (Radio Edit): 3:39
"Don't Pass Me By": 3:26
Radio Promo Single
"Don't Dream It's Over" (Radio Edit): 3:39[28]
"Don't Dream It's Over" (LP Version): 4:04
Charts[edit]
Chart (2003)
Peak
position
Romania (Romanian Top 100)[29] 37
US Billboard Hot 100[30] 78
US Billboard Adult Top 40[30] 9
US Billboard Adult Contemporary[30] 12
Other cover versions and uses[edit]
Other artists who have covered it include Donny Osmond,[31] Teddy Thompson,[32] Faith No More, Paul Shaffer, Stacy & The Kid on an episode of Kids Incorporated,[33] Howie Day, Aiden Grimshaw,[34] Susan Boyle,[35] Hitomi Yaida,[36] G4,[37] Diana Krall,[38] Miley Cyrus and Ariana Grande,[39] Chris Martin and Eddie Vedder,[40] Sarah Blasko,[41] Flock of Dimes with Sylvan Esso and the cast of Glee.[42]
Rapper Classified sampled the riff on the song "It Ain't Over",[43] as did Irish R&B trio Dove on their hit "Don't Dream".[44] Italian singer Antonello Venditti recorded a re-written version of the song – "Alta Marea" – in 1991, with a then-unknown Angelina Jolie playing a seductress in the video.[45]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Don't Dream It's Over (7-inch vinyl). Crowded House. Capitol Records. CP 1842.
Jump up ^ White, Caitlin (14 May 2015). "Watch Miley Cyrus & Ariana Grande Cover Crowded House’s "Don’t Dream It’s Over"". Stereogum. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "Crowded House [Capitol]". Torque. United Kingdom: SPH Magazines. February 2007. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
Jump up ^ Bailey, Marck; Comprehensive discography of Crowded House including track listings for all albums and singles. Released 28 March 1995. Retrieved 5 July 2007. Site offline after 2008.
Jump up ^ Stephen Thomas Erlewine. "Crowded House - Crowded House - Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards - AllMusic". AllMusic.
Jump up ^ "Crowded House Awards". AllMusic. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Our top song - but vote kept a secret". The New Zealand Herald. 3 November 2001. Retrieved 29 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "The final list: APRA'S Ten best Australian Songs". APRA. 28 May 2001. Archived from the original on 8 March 2008. Retrieved 8 May 2008.
Jump up ^ rvdgu2006. "Music video in". Dailymotion.com. Retrieved 13 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "MTV Video Music Awards". Mtv. 11 September 1987. Retrieved 13 April 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992. St Ives, N.S.W.: Australian Chart Book. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Crowded House – Don't Dream It's Over" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
Jump up ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Crowded House – Don't Dream It's Over". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – Don't Dream It's Over". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Crowded House – Don't Dream It's Over" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Crowded House – Don't Dream It's Over". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Norwegiancharts.com – Crowded House – Don't Dream It's Over". VG-lista. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Crowded House: Artist Chart History" Official Charts Company. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Crowded House – Chart history" Billboard Hot 100 for Crowded House. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Crowded House – Chart history" Billboard Adult Contemporary for Crowded House. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Crowded House – Chart history" Billboard Mainstream Rock Songs for Crowded House. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Archive Chart: 1996-11-09" UK Singles Chart. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada".
Jump up ^ "The Official New Zealand Music Chart".
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Hits of 1987/Top 100 Songs of 1987".
Jump up ^ Phares, Heather. Smallville: The Talon Mix at AllMusic
Jump up ^ "This Is The Best Cover Of Crowded House’s ‘Don’t Dream It’s Over’ You’ll Hear Today". UPROXX. 2015-06-18. Retrieved 2017-08-30.
Jump up ^ "Romanian Top 100: Editia 27, saptamina 14.07-20.07, 2003". Web.archive.org. 14 May 2005. Archived from the original on 14 May 2005. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Sixpence None the Richer – Don't Dream It's Over (Billboard chart history)". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "Donny Osmond". BBC News. Retrieved 13 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Teddy Thompson". Coverlaydown.com. Retrieved 13 April 2011.
Jump up ^ 5 Apr 2010, 6:51 pm Idolator (5 April 2010). "Kids Inc". Elbo.ws. Retrieved 13 April 2011. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Emily Sheridan (15 November 2010). "Aiden Grimshaw". Dailymail.co.uk. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
Jump up ^ "Susan Boyle". Daily Mirror. 19 September 2010. Retrieved 13 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "矢井田瞳、移籍第2弾シングルは「同情みたいなLOVE」". Natalie. 17 March 2011. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
Jump up ^ Don't Dream It's Over G4
Jump up ^ "Wallflower - Diana Krall | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 2016-06-16.
Jump up ^ "Neil Finn Salutes Miley Cyrus and Ariana Grande's Crowded House Cover", Yahoo Music, May 16, 2015; and "Watch Miley Cyrus and Ariana Grande Cover 'Don't Dream It's Over'", Time Magazine, May 14, 2015
Jump up ^ Global Citizen (2016-09-24), Chris Martin & Eddie Vedder Don't Dream It's Over | Live at Global Citizen Festival 2016, retrieved 2016-12-06
Jump up ^ Various: She Will Have Her Way: The Songs of Tim & Neil Finn
Jump up ^ [Neil Finn on writing music for The Hobbit]
Jump up ^ Quinlan, Thomas. "Classified". Exclaim.ca. Retrieved 13 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Dove". Members.tripod.com. 23 April 1998. Retrieved 13 April 2011.
Jump up ^ Mendoza, Nadia (6 May 2008). "Angelina Jolie Alta Marea". The Sun. UK. Retrieved 13 April 2011.
[show]
v
t
e
Crowded House
Neil Finn
Nick Seymour
Mark Hart
Matt Sherrod
Paul Hester
Tim Finn
Peter Jones
Studio albums
Crowded House
Temple of Low Men
Woodface
Together Alone
Time on Earth
Intriguer
Compilations
Recurring Dream
Afterglow
Classic Masters
The Very Very Best of Crowded House
Live albums
Farewell to the World
Videos and DVDs
Spring Break '87
I Like to Watch
Dreaming: The Videos
Farewell to the World
Singles
"Mean to Me"
"World Where You Live"
"Now We're Getting Somewhere"
"Don't Dream It's Over"
"Something So Strong"
"Better Be Home Soon"
"Sister Madly"
"When You Come"
"Into Temptation"
"I Feel Possessed"
"Chocolate Cake"
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"Softly Whispering I Love You"
"Oh Girl"
"Calling You"
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Leigh Nash releases
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"Don't Dream It's Over"
Related articles
Discography
Squint Entertainment
Reprise Records
The La's
Crowded House
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Don%27t_Dream_It%27s_Over&oldid=801855856"
Categories:
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