text:
First Continental Congress
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For the first seating of the United States Congress, see 1st United States Congress.
The First Continental Congress
Thirteen Colonies
First Continental Congress 1774
Type
Type
Unicameral
History
Established
September 5, 1774
Disbanded
October 26, 1774
Preceded by
Stamp Act Congress
Succeeded by
Second Continental Congress
Leadership
President of Congress
Peyton Randolph
Henry Middleton
Secretary
Charles Thomson
Seats
56 from 12 colonies (excluding Georgia)
Meeting place
Carpenters' Hall, Philadelphia
This article is part of a series on the
United States
Continental Congress
Predecessors
Albany Congress 1754
Stamp Act Congress 1765
1st Continental Congress
Declaration and Resolves
Continental Association
Petition to the King
2nd Continental Congress
Olive Branch Petition
Committee of Secret Correspondence
Necessity of Taking Up Arms
Lee Resolution
Declaration of Independence
Model Treaty
Articles of Confederation
Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture
Congress of the Confederation
Bank of North America
Land Ordinance of 1784 / of 1785
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Members
List of delegates
Presidents of the Continental Congress
Secretary of the Continental Congress
United States portal
v
t
e
The First Continental Congress was a meeting of delegates from twelve of the Thirteen Colonies who met from September 5 to October 26, 1774, at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, early in the American Revolution. It was called in response to the Intolerable Acts passed by the British Parliament, which the British referred to as the Coercive Acts, with which the British intended to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party.
The Congress met briefly to consider options, including an economic boycott of British trade and drawing up a list of rights and grievances; in the end, they petitioned King George III for redress of those grievances.
The Congress also called for another Continental Congress in the event that their petition was unsuccessful in halting enforcement of the Intolerable Acts. Their appeal to the Crown had no effect, and so the Second Continental Congress was convened the following year to organize the defense of the colonies at the onset of the American Revolutionary War. The delegates also urged each colony to set up and train its own militia.
Contents
[hide]
1 Convention
2 Declaration and Resolves
3 Accomplishments
4 List of delegates
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
Convention
Carpenters' Hall
The Congress met from September 5 to October 26, 1774. Peyton Randolph presided over the proceedings; Henry Middleton took over as President of the Congress from October 22 to 26. Charles Thomson, leader of Philadelphia Committee of Correspondence, was selected to be Secretary of the Continental Congress.[1]
The delegates who attended were not of one mind concerning why they were there. Conservatives such as Joseph Galloway, John Dickinson, John Jay, and Edward Rutledge believed their task to be forging policies to pressure Parliament to rescind its unreasonable acts. Their ultimate goal was to develop a reasonable solution to the difficulties and bring about reconciliation between the Colonies and Great Britain. Others such as Patrick Henry, Roger Sherman, Samuel Adams, and John Adams believed their task to be developing a decisive statement of the rights and liberties of the Colonies. Their ultimate goal was to end what they felt to be the abuses of parliamentary authority, and to retain their rights which had been guaranteed under both Colonial charters and the English constitution.[2]
Roger Sherman denied the legislative authority of Parliament, and Patrick Henry believed that the Congress needed to develop a completely new system of government, independent from Great Britain, for the existing Colonial governments were already dissolved.[3] In contrast to these ideas, Joseph Galloway put forward a "Plan of Union" which suggested that an American legislative body be formed with some authority, whose consent would be required for imperial measures.[3][4]
Declaration and Resolves
In the end, the voices of compromise carried the day. Rather than calling for independence, the First Continental Congress passed and signed the Continental Association in its Declaration and Resolves, which called for a boycott of British goods to take effect in December 1774. It requested that local Committees of Safety enforce the boycott and regulate local prices for goods. These resolutions adopted by the Congress did not endorse any legal power of Parliament to regulate trade, but consented, nonetheless, to the operation of acts for that purpose. Furthermore, they did not repudiate control by the royal prerogative, which was explicitly acknowledged in the Petition to the King a few days later.
Accomplishments
The Congress had two primary accomplishments. The first was a compact among the Colonies to boycott British goods beginning on December 1, 1774.[5] The West Indies were threatened with a boycott unless the islands agreed to non-importation of British goods.[6] Imports from Britain dropped by 97 percent in 1775, compared with the previous year.[5] Committees of observation and inspection were to be formed in each Colony to ensure compliance with the boycott. All of the Colonial Houses of Assembly approved the proceedings of the Congress, with the exception of New York.[7]
If the Intolerable Acts were not repealed, the Colonies would also cease exports to Britain after September 10, 1775.[5] The boycott was successfully implemented, but its potential for altering British colonial policy was cut off by the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War.
The second accomplishment of the Congress was to provide for a Second Continental Congress to meet on May 10, 1775. In addition to the Colonies which had sent delegates to the First Continental Congress, the Congress resolved on October 21, 1774, to send letters of invitation to Quebec, Saint John's Island (now Prince Edward Island), Nova Scotia, Georgia, East Florida, and West Florida.[8] However, letters appear to have been sent only to Quebec (three letters in all). None of these other colonies sent delegates to the opening of the Second Congress, though a delegation from Georgia arrived the following July.[9]
List of delegates
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
#
Name
Colony
Notes
1 Folsom, NathanielNathaniel Folsom New Hampshire
2 Sullivan, JohnJohn Sullivan New Hampshire 3rd and 5th Governor of New Hampshire; general in the Continental Army
3 Adams, JohnJohn Adams Massachusetts Lawyer, first Vice-President of the United States and second President
4 Adams, SamuelSamuel Adams Massachusetts cousin of John Adams; sometimes called "Father of the American Revolution"
5 Cushing, ThomasThomas Cushing Massachusetts
6 Paine, Robert TreatRobert Treat Paine Massachusetts
7 Hopkins, StephenStephen Hopkins Rhode Island Authored pamphlet The Rights of the Colonies
8 Ward, SamuelSamuel Ward Rhode Island
9 Deane, SilasSilas Deane Connecticut
10 Dyer, EliphaletEliphalet Dyer Connecticut
11 Sherman, RogerRoger Sherman Connecticut Created the Great Compromise and Three-Fifths Compromise at the Constitutional Convention; Congressman; a member of the Committee of Five who presented the Declaration of Independence
12 Duane, JamesJames Duane New York Appointed by the Committee of Fifty-one of the City and County of New York and authorized by the counties of Albany, Duchess, and Westchester
13 Jay, JohnJohn Jay New York Lawyer; First Chief Justice of the United States; co-author of The Federalist Papers; appointed by the Committee of Fifty-one of the City and County of New York and authorized by the counties of Albany, Duchess, and Westchester
14 Livingston, PhilipPhilip Livingston New York Appointed by the Committee of Fifty-one of the City and County of New York and authorized by the counties of Albany, Duchess, and Westchester
15 Low, IsaacIsaac Low New York Appointed by the Committee of Fifty-one of the City and County of New York and authorized by the counties of Albany, Duchess, and Westchester
16 Boerum, SimonSimon Boerum New York
17 Haring, JohnJohn Haring New York Appointed by the General Meeting of all the Committees of the County of Orange
18 Wisner, HenryHenry Wisner New York Appointed by the General Meeting of all the Committees of the County of Orange
19 Floyd, WilliamWilliam Floyd New York For Suffolk County
20 Alsop, JohnJohn Alsop New York Appointed by the Committee of Fifty-one of the City and County of New York and authorized by the counties of Albany, Duchess, and Westchester
21 Crane, StephenStephen Crane New Jersey
22 De Hart, JohnJohn De Hart New Jersey
23 Kinsey, JamesJames Kinsey New Jersey
24 Livingston, WilliamWilliam Livingston New Jersey
25 Smith, RichardRichard Smith New Jersey
26 Biddle, EdwardEdward Biddle Pennsylvania
27 Dickinson, JohnJohn Dickinson Pennsylvania author of Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania
28 Galloway, JosephJoseph Galloway Pennsylvania Originator of the Galloway Plan of Union
29 Humphreys, CharlesCharles Humphreys Pennsylvania
30 Mifflin, ThomasThomas Mifflin Pennsylvania Later served as the first governor of Pennsylvania; Quartermaster general of the U.S. Army
31 Morton, JohnJohn Morton Pennsylvania
32 Rhoads, SamuelSamuel Rhoads Pennsylvania
33 Ross, GeorgeGeorge Ross Pennsylvania
34 McKean, ThomasThomas McKean Delaware
35 Read, GeorgeGeorge Read Delaware
36 Rodney, CaesarCaesar Rodney Delaware
37 Chase, SamuelSamuel Chase Maryland Later served as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court
38 Goldsborough, RobertRobert Goldsborough Maryland
39 Johnson, ThomasThomas Johnson Maryland
40 Paca, WilliamWilliam Paca Maryland
41 Tilghman, MatthewMatthew Tilghman Maryland
42 Bland, RichardRichard Bland Virginia
43 Harrison, BenjaminBenjamin Harrison Virginia Later served as the fifth governor of Virginia; father of President William Henry Harrison and great-grandfather of President Benjamin Harrison
44 Henry, PatrickPatrick Henry Virginia Creator of the Virginia Stamp Act Resolutions
45 Lee, Richard HenryRichard Henry Lee Virginia
46 Pendleton, EdmundEdmund Pendleton Virginia
47 Randolph, PeytonPeyton Randolph Virginia Served as President of this First Continental Congress
48 Washington, GeorgeGeorge Washington Virginia Future commander of the Continental Army; first President of the United States
49 Caswell, RichardRichard Caswell North Carolina
50 Hewes, JosephJoseph Hewes North Carolina Secretary of Naval Affairs Committee in 1776
51 Hooper, WilliamWilliam Hooper North Carolina
52 Gadsden, ChristopherChristopher Gadsden South Carolina
53 Lynch Jr., ThomasThomas Lynch Jr. South Carolina
54 Middleton, HenryHenry Middleton South Carolina
55 Rutledge, EdwardEdward Rutledge South Carolina
56 Rutledge, JohnJohn Rutledge South Carolina Second Chief Justice; Associate Justice; first Governor of South Carolina
See also
List of delegates to the Continental and Confederation congresses
Papers of the Continental Congress
Timeline of United States revolutionary history (1760–1789)
Notes
Jump up ^ Risjord, Norman K. (2002). Jefferson's America, 1760-1815. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 114.
Jump up ^ McLaughlin, Andrew C. (1936). "A constitutional History of the United States". New York, London: D. Appleton-Century Company. pp. 83–90. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Greene, Evarts Boutell (1922). The Foundations of American Nationality. American Book Company. p. 434.
Jump up ^ Miller, Marion Mills (1913). Great Debates in American Hist: From the Debates in the British Parliament on the Colonial Stamp. Current Literature Pub. Co. p. 91.
^ Jump up to: a b c Kramnick, Isaac (ed); Thomas Paine (1982). Common Sense. Penguin Classics. p. 21. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Ketchum, p. 262.
Jump up ^ Launitz-Schurer p. 144.
Jump up ^ Worthington C. Ford, Library of Congress (United States); et al., eds. (1774 (printed 1901)). Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774-1789. p. 101. Retrieved February 7, 2010. Check date values in: |date= (help)
Jump up ^ Worthington C. Ford; et al. (eds.). Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774–1789. pp. 2:192–193.
References
Bancroft, George. History of the United States of America, from the discovery of the American continent. (1854–78), vol 4-10 online edition
Burnett, Edmund C. (1975) [1941]. The Continental Congress. Greenwood Publishing. ISBN 0-8371-8386-3.
Henderson, H. James (2002) [1974]. Party Politics in the Continental Congress. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 0-8191-6525-5.
Launitz-Schurer, Loyal Whigs and Revolutionaries, The making of the revolution in New York, 1765-1776, 1980, ISBN 0-8147-4994-1
Ketchum, Richard, Divided Loyalties, How the American Revolution came to New York, 2002, ISBN 0-8050-6120-7
Miller, John C. Origins of the American Revolution (1943) online edition
Puls, Mark, Samuel Adams, father of the American Revolution, 2006, ISBN 1-4039-7582-5
Montross, Lynn (1970) [1950]. The Reluctant Rebels; the Story of the Continental Congress, 1774–1789. Barnes & Noble. ISBN 0-389-03973-X.
Primary sources
Peter Force, ed. American Archives, 9 vol 1837-1853, major compilation of documents 1774-1776. online edition
External links
Full text of Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774-1789
Papers of the Continental Congress (Digitized Original Documents)
show
v
t
e
Pennsylvania during the American Revolutionary War
1774
First Continental Congress
Articles of Association
1775
Independence Hall
Second Continental Congress
1776
United States Declaration of Independence
Pennsylvania Constitution
Washington Crosses the Delaware
1777
Articles of Confederation
Philadelphia campaign
Battle of Brandywine
Battle of the Clouds
Liberty Bell moved to Allentown
Battle of Paoli
Battle of Germantown
Siege of Fort Mifflin
Battle of White Marsh
Battle of Matson's Ford
Valley Forge
1778
Battle of Crooked Billet
Battle of Barren Hill
British occupation of Philadelphia ends
Wyoming Valley battle and massacre
1781
Congress of the Confederation
Mutiny of the Pennsylvania Line
1783
1783 Mutiny
show
v
t
e
Historical documents of the United States
show
Constitution
Preamble
and Articles
Preamble
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
Amendments
Ratified
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
Pending
Congressional Apportionment
Titles of Nobility
Corwin (State Domestic Institutions)
Child Labor
Unsuccessful
Equal Rights
District of Columbia Voting Rights
See also
List of Constitutional Amendments
Bill of Rights (Amendments 1–10)
Reconstruction Amendments (Amendments 13–15)
Amendment proposals in Congress
Conventions to propose amendments
State ratifying conventions
Formation
History
Articles of Confederation
Mount Vernon Conference
Annapolis Convention
Philadelphia Convention
Virginia Plan
New Jersey Plan
Connecticut Compromise
Three-Fifths Compromise
Committee of Detail
Signing
Independence Hall
Syng inkstand
The Federalist Papers
Anti-Federalist Papers
Massachusetts Compromise
Virginia Ratifying Convention
Hillsborough Convention
Drafting and ratification timeline
Clauses
Appointments
Appropriations
Assistance of Counsel
Bill of credit
Case or Controversy
Citizenship
Commerce
Compact
Compulsory Process
Confrontation
Contract
Copyright and Patent
Double Jeopardy
Due Process
Equal Protection
Establishment
Exceptions
Excessive Bail
Ex post facto
Extradition
Free Exercise
Free Speech
Fugitive Slave
Full Faith and Credit
General Welfare
Guarantee
Impeachment
Import-Export
Ineligibility (Emolument)
Militia
Natural-born citizen
Necessary and Proper
New States
No Religious Test
Oath or Affirmation
Origination
Petition
Postal
Presentment
Privileges and Immunities
Privileges or Immunities
Recommendation
Self-Incrimination
Speech or Debate
Speedy Trial
State of the Union
Supremacy
Suspension
Take Care
Takings
Taxing and Spending
Territorial
Title of Nobility
Treaty
Trial by Jury
Vesting
Vicinage
War Powers
List of clauses
Interpretation
Concurrent powers
Congressional enforcement
Constitutional law
Criminal procedure
Criminal sentencing
Dormant Commerce Clause
Enumerated powers
Equal footing
Executive privilege
Incorporation of the Bill of Rights
Judicial review
Nondelegation doctrine
Preemption
Saxbe fix
Separation of church and state
Separation of powers
Taxation power
Unitary executive theory
Signatories
Convention President
George Washington
New Hampshire
John Langdon
Nicholas Gilman
Massachusetts
Nathaniel Gorham
Rufus King
Connecticut
William Samuel Johnson
Roger Sherman
New York
Alexander Hamilton
New Jersey
William Livingston
David Brearley
William Paterson
Jonathan Dayton
Pennsylvania
Benjamin Franklin
Thomas Mifflin
Robert Morris
George Clymer
Thomas Fitzsimons
Jared Ingersoll
James Wilson
Gouverneur Morris
Delaware
George Read
Gunning Bedford Jr.
John Dickinson
Richard Bassett
Jacob Broom
Maryland
James McHenry
Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer
Daniel Carroll
Virginia
John Blair
James Madison
North Carolina
William Blount
Richard Dobbs Spaight
Hugh Williamson
South Carolina
John Rutledge
Charles Cotesworth Pinckney
Charles Pinckney
Pierce Butler
Georgia
William Few
Abraham Baldwin
Convention Secretary
William Jackson
Display
and legacy
National Archives
Charters of Freedom Rotunda
Independence Mall
Constitution Day
Constitution Gardens
National Constitution Center
Scene at the Signing of the Constitution (painting)
A More Perfect Union (film)
Worldwide influence
show
Declaration of Independence
Primary author
Thomas Jefferson
Signatories
President of Congress
John Hancock (Massachusetts)
New Hampshire
Josiah Bartlett
William Whipple
Matthew Thornton
Massachusetts
Samuel Adams
John Adams
Robert Treat Paine
Elbridge Gerry
Rhode Island
Stephen Hopkins
William Ellery
Connecticut
Roger Sherman
Samuel Huntington
William Williams
Oliver Wolcott
New York
William Floyd
Philip Livingston
Francis Lewis
Lewis Morris
New Jersey
Richard Stockton
John Witherspoon
Francis Hopkinson
John Hart
Abraham Clark
Pennsylvania
Robert Morris
Benjamin Rush
Benjamin Franklin
John Morton
George Clymer
James Smith
George Taylor
James Wilson
George Ross
Delaware
George Read
Caesar Rodney
Thomas McKean
Maryland
Samuel Chase
William Paca
Thomas Stone
Charles Carroll of Carrollton
Virginia
George Wythe
Richard Henry Lee
Thomas Jefferson
Benjamin Harrison
Thomas Nelson Jr.
Francis Lightfoot Lee
Carter Braxton
North Carolina
William Hooper
Joseph Hewes
John Penn
South Carolina
Edward Rutledge
Thomas Heyward Jr.
Thomas Lynch Jr.
Arthur Middleton
Georgia
Button Gwinett
Lyman Hall
George Walton
See also
Virginia Declaration of Rights
Lee Resolution
Committee of Five
Document's history
signing
portrait
Second Continental Congress
"All men are created equal"
"Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness"
"Consent of the governed"
Independence Hall
Syng inkstand
American Revolution
show
Articles of Confederation
Signatories
Primary drafter
John Dickinson
New Hampshire
Josiah Bartlett
John Wentworth Jr.
Massachusetts
John Hancock
Samuel Adams
Elbridge Gerry
Francis Dana
James Lovell
Samuel Holten
Rhode Island
William Ellery
Henry Marchant
John Collins
Connecticut
Roger Sherman
Samuel Huntington
Oliver Wolcott
Titus Hosmer
Andrew Adams
New York
James Duane
Francis Lewis
William Duer
Gouverneur Morris
New Jersey
John Witherspoon
Nathaniel Scudder
Pennsylvania
Robert Morris
Daniel Roberdeau
Jonathan Bayard Smith
William Clingan
Joseph Reed
Delaware
Thomas McKean
John Dickinson
Nicholas Van Dyke
Maryland
John Hanson
Daniel Carroll
Virginia
Richard Henry Lee
John Banister
Thomas Adams
John Harvie
Francis Lightfoot Lee
North Carolina
John Penn
Cornelius Harnett
John Williams
South Carolina
Henry Laurens
William Henry Drayton
John Mathews
Richard Hutson
Thomas Heyward Jr.
Georgia
John Walton
Edward Telfair
Edward Langworthy
See also
Continental Congress
Congress of the Confederation
American Revolution
Perpetual Union
show
Continental Association
Signatories
President of Congress
Peyton Randolph
New Hampshire
John Sullivan
Nathaniel Folsom
Massachusetts Bay
Thomas Cushing
Samuel Adams
John Adams
Robert Treat Paine
Rhode Island
Stephen Hopkins
Samuel Ward
Connecticut
Eliphalet Dyer
Roger Sherman
Silas Deane
New York
Isaac Low
John Alsop
John Jay
James Duane
Philip Livingston
William Floyd
Henry Wisner
Simon Boerum
New Jersey
James Kinsey
William Livingston
Stephen Crane
Richard Smith
John De Hart
Pennsylvania
Joseph Galloway
John Dickinson
Charles Humphreys
Thomas Mifflin
Edward Biddle
John Morton
George Ross
The Lower Counties
Caesar Rodney
Thomas McKean
George Read
Maryland
Matthew Tilghman
Thomas Johnson, Junr
William Paca
Samuel Chase
Virginia
Richard Henry Lee
George Washington
Patrick Henry, Junr
Richard Bland
Benjamin Harrison
Edmund Pendleton
North Carolina
William Hooper
Joseph Hewes
Richard Caswell
South Carolina
Henry Middleton
Thomas Lynch
Christopher Gadsden
John Rutledge
Edward Rutledge
See also
Virginia Association
First Continental Congress
Carpenters' Hall
Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress
show
v
t
e
Location of the capital of the United States and predecessors
1774 First Continental Congress
Philadelphia
1775–81 Second Continental Congress
Philadelphia → Baltimore → Lancaster → York → Philadelphia
1781–89 Congress of the Confederation
Philadelphia → Princeton → Annapolis → Trenton → New York City
1789–present Federal government of the United States
New York City → Philadelphia → Washington, D.C.
show
v
t
e
Government of the United States under the Articles of Confederation
Congresses
1st Continental Congress
2nd Continental Congress
The US in Congress Assembled
Delegates
Committee of the States
Congressional Officers
President
Secretary
Civil Offices/Officers
Postmaster General
Superintendent of Finance/Agent of the Marine
Secretary at War
Secretary of Foreign Affairs
Court of Appeals
Military
Board of War
Continental Army
Commander in Chief
Continental Navy
Continental Marines
Preceded by
Stamp Act Congress Legislature of the United States
September 5, 1774, to October 26, 1774 Succeeded by
the Second Continental Congress
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=First_Continental_Congress&oldid=843623524"
Categories:
1774 in the Thirteen Colonies
Continental Congress
History of Philadelphia
Pennsylvania in the American Revolution
1774 in Pennsylvania
Hidden categories:
CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list
CS1 errors: dates
Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages
Use mdy dates from April 2012
Articles needing additional references from September 2017
All articles needing additional references
Articles with hCards
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
View source
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Башҡортса
Беларуская
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
Deutsch
Español
فارسی
Français
한국어
Hrvatski
Íslenska
Italiano
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
Português
Română
Русский
Simple English
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Українська
13 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 30 May 2018, at 10:36.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

attrs: href class title

values: Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms

values: United States Declaration of Independence

values: List of delegates to the Continental Congress

values: padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.3em;font-weight:bold;border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;

values: vertical-navbox nowraplinks vcard plainlist

values: float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%

values:
/wiki/Committee_of_Correspondence
mw-redirect
Committee of Correspondence

values: John Dickinson (Pennsylvania and Delaware)

values: Committee of Safety (American Revolution)

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced

values:
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values: Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations

values:
/wiki/Great_Compromise
mw-redirect
Great Compromise

values: Constitutional Convention (United States)

values:
/wiki/Stephen_Crane_(delegate)
mw-redirect
Stephen Crane (delegate)

values:
/wiki/Richard_Smith_(delegate)
mw-redirect
Richard Smith (delegate)

values:
/wiki/John_Dickinson_(delegate)
mw-redirect
John Dickinson (delegate)

values:
/wiki/George_Read_(signer)
mw-redirect
George Read (signer)

values:
/wiki/Virginia_Stamp_Act_Resolutions
mw-redirect
Virginia Stamp Act Resolutions

values: Category:CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list

values:
nofollow
http://mrsoloughlin.weebly.com/
external text

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: Template:Pennsylvania during the American Revolutionary War

values: Template talk:Pennsylvania during the American Revolutionary War

values:
navbox-image
7
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: Washington's crossing of the Delaware River

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-made-collapsible

values: Template talk:Historical American Documents

values: Preamble to the United States Constitution

values: Article One of the United States Constitution

values: Article Two of the United States Constitution

values: Article Three of the United States Constitution

values: Article Four of the United States Constitution

values: Article Five of the United States Constitution

values: Article Six of the United States Constitution

values: Article Seven of the United States Constitution

values: First Amendment to the United States Constitution

values: Second Amendment to the United States Constitution

values: Third Amendment to the United States Constitution

values: Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

values: Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution

values: Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution

values: Seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution

values: Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution

values: Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution

values: Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

values: Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution

values: Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution

values: Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

values: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

values: Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

values: Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

values: Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

values: Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

values: Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

values: Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution

values: Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution

values: Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution

values: Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution

values: Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

values: Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution

values: Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution

values: Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution

values:
/wiki/Article_the_First
mw-redirect
Article the First

values: District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment

values: List of amendments to the United States Constitution

values: List of proposed amendments to the United States Constitution

values: Convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution

values: History of the United States Constitution

values: Signing of the United States Constitution

values: Timeline of drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution

values:
/wiki/Bill_of_credit
mw-redirect
Bill of credit

values: Oath of office of the President of the United States

values: List of clauses of the United States Constitution

values: United States constitutional criminal procedure

values: United States constitutional sentencing law

values:
/wiki/Enumerated_powers
mw-redirect
Enumerated powers

values: Separation of church and state in the United States

values: Separation of powers under the United States Constitution

values: George Read (American politician, born 1733)

values: Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States

values: United States Constitution and worldwide influence

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-made-collapsible

values: Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence

values: Samuel Huntington (Connecticut politician)

values: William Williams (Connecticut politician)

values: Richard Stockton (Continental Congressman)

values: Physical history of the United States Declaration of Independence

values: Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values: Template:Government of the United States under the Articles of Confederation

values: Template talk:Government of the United States under the Articles of Confederation

values: Superintendent of Finance of the United States

values: United States Secretary of Foreign Affairs

values: Commanding General of the United States Army

values: Category:Pennsylvania in the American Revolution

values: Category:Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from September 2017

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/First_Continental_Congress
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
This page is protected.
You can view its source [ctrl-alt-e]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: الكونغرس القاري الأول – Arabic

values: Беренсе Континенталь конгресс – Bashkir

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ba
display: none;

values: Першы Кантынентальны Кангрэс – Belarusian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be
display: none;

values: Першы Кантынэнтальны кангрэс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old
display: none;

values: نخستین کنگره قاره‌ای – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values: 제1차 대륙회의 – Korean

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-is
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values: Primeiro Congresso Continental – Portuguese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values: Первый Континентальный конгресс – Russian

values: First continental congress – Simple English

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values: Први Континентални конгрес – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values: Prvi Kontinentalni kongres – Serbo-Croatian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values: Ensimmäinen mannermaakongressi – Finnish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values: Перший Континентальний конгрес – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-First_Continental_Congress rootpage-First_Continental_Congress skin-vector action-view


text:
Brownie points
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Brownie points in modern usage are a hypothetical social currency, which can be acquired by doing good deeds or earning favor in the eyes of another, often one's superior.
Contents
[hide]
1 Conjectures for etymology
1.1 Girlguiding
1.2 Brown stamps
1.3 George R. Brown
1.4 Curtis Publishing
1.5 Scatological
1.6 Earliest use
2 See also
3 References
4 External links
Conjectures for etymology[edit]
Girlguiding[edit]
A popular etymology is an allusion to the merit badges or six points obtained by Brownies for carrying out good deeds. Brownies were named after a kind of mythological elf that does helpful things around the house.[1]
Brown stamps[edit]
A popular marketing practice employed by many stores in post-World War II US was the distribution of stamps with each purchase. The number of stamps given out varied with the amount of the purchase. These stamps were collected by customers and later redeemed for household gifts. The earliest of these stamps were brown in color and known as "brown stamps" or "brown points". The relationship between a purchase and the collection of these "brown points" equated with doing a good thing (supporting the local vendor) and getting a bonus (the valuable stamps). Purportedly, the collection of these "brownie points" eventually evolved into the modern usage.[citation needed] The term Browniepoints is still used as a marketing practice in business today by a New Zealand power company[2] and also used by a gift service.[3]
George R. Brown[edit]
Another proposed etymology is that the term derives from the name of a 19th-century American railroad superintendent, George R. Brown who, in 1886, devised what was then an innovative system of merits and demerits for railroad employees on the Fall Brook Railway in New York state. Accounts of his system were published in railroad journals, and adopted by many leading U.S. railroads.[4] American railroad employees soon began referring colloquially to "brownie points", and at some point, the term entered the general vocabulary.[5]
Curtis Publishing[edit]
In the 1930s, The Curtis Publishing Company, published several magazines, including the Saturday Evening Post and the Ladies Home Journal. These magazines were distributed to subscribers through a delivery network that used youths, primarily boys, to go around to the individual houses. The boys received a small commission but, in return for meeting certain sales targets, they could also receive company scrip, comprising green and brown vouchers. These vouchers were usually known as "greenies" and "brownies". Five greenies equalled one brownie. The greenies and brownies could be redeemed against goods from the company's catalogue.[6]
Scatological[edit]
The Oxford English Dictionary conjectures that this expression could also have derived from U.S. military slang for sycophants, "brown-nosers", while mentioning the popular etymology that derives it from the awards system of the Brownies of the Girl Guides or Girl Scouts. "Brownie" itself in the sense of "brown-noser" was in use in the 1940s. It has been suggested that the term was given impetus though its coincidence with related scatological slang.[6]
Earliest use[edit]
The Oxford English Dictionary reports its first appearance in print as 1963, though the origins of the phrase predate this. Its frequent appearance in newspapers in the 1950s date back to the earliest known usage in 1951, where a man in the Los Angeles Times speaks of earning favor with his wife in terms of brownie points.[6]
See also[edit]
Barnstar
Egoboo
wikt:kudos
Whuffie
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Brownie, n. 1" The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. 1989. OED Online. Oxford University Press. Accessed 14 July 2005.
Jump up ^ Genesis Energy loyalty scheme Genesis Energy Limited
Jump up ^ "About Us". Browniepoints gift service.
Jump up ^ Browne, K.J. Norman, "The Brown and Other Systems of Railway Discipline" in Publications Received, Railway Gazette (London) December 7, 1923, page 715
Jump up ^ CPRR Museum Discussion Group
^ Jump up to: a b c World Wide Words: Brownie points
External links[edit]
The dictionary definition of Brownie point at Wiktionary
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brownie_points&oldid=795965635"
Categories:
Ethics
Fictional currencies
Hidden categories:
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from December 2011
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Add links
This page was last edited on 17 August 2017, at 16:48.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

attrs: id class style

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: b

attrs: href title

values:
/wiki/Goodness_and_value_theory
mw-redirect
Goodness and value theory

value: p

attrs: role tabindex class

values: button 0 togglelink

value: span

value: li

values:
/wiki/Brownie_(Girl_Guides)
mw-redirect
Brownie (Girl Guides)

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2011)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Saturday_Evening_Post
mw-redirect
Saturday Evening Post

values:
/wiki/Ladies_Home_Journal
mw-redirect
Ladies Home Journal

values:
/wiki/Brownies_(Girl_Guides)
mw-redirect
Brownies (Girl Guides)

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2011

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Brownie_points
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Brownie_points rootpage-Brownie_points vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view