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Hatter (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)
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For other uses, see Hatter (disambiguation) and Mad Hatter (disambiguation).
"10/6" redirects here. For the date, see October 6.
The (Mad) Hatter
Alice character
The Hatter as depicted by Sir John Tenniel, reciting his nonsensical poem, "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Bat"
First appearance
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865)
Last appearance
Through the Looking Glass (1871)
Created by
Lewis Carroll
Information
Aliases
"Mad Hatter", "Hatter"
Species
Human
Gender
Male
Occupation
Messenger, hatter
Significant other(s)
Alice
Nationality
Wonderland, Looking-Glass Land
The Hatter is a fictional character in Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its sequel Through the Looking-Glass. He is often referred to as the Mad Hatter, though this term was never used by Carroll. The phrase "mad as a hatter" pre-dates Carroll's works. The Hatter and the March Hare are referred to as "both mad" by the Cheshire Cat, in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland in the seventh chapter titled "A Mad Tea-Party".
Contents
[hide]
1 Fictional character biography
1.1 Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
1.2 Through the Looking-Glass
2 Characterization
2.1 Etymology
2.2 Appearance
2.3 Personality
2.4 Resemblance to Theophilus Carter
3 The Hatter's riddle
4 In other media
4.1 Batman
4.2 Disney
4.2.1 2010 film
4.3 Wonderland: A New Alice
4.4 SyFy's Alice
4.5 American McGee's Alice
4.6 The Looking Glass Wars
4.7 Alice in the Country of Hearts
4.8 Charisma Label
4.9 Pandora Hearts
4.10 Futurama
4.11 Once Upon a Time
4.11.1 Season 1
4.11.2 Season 2
4.12 Ever After High
4.13 Shrek: The Musical
4.14 The Man who became a Rabbit
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 Sources
9 External links
Fictional character biography[edit]
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland[edit]
The March Hare and the Hatter put the Dormouse's head in a teapot, by Sir John Tenniel.
The Hatter character, alongside all the other fictional beings, first appears in Lewis Carroll's 1865 novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. In it, the Hatter explains to Alice that he and the March Hare are always having tea because when he tried to sing for the foul-tempered Queen of Hearts, she sentenced him to death for "murdering the time", but he escapes decapitation. In retaliation, time (referred to as a "he" in the novel) halts himself in respect to the Hatter, keeping him and the March Hare stuck at 18:00 (or 6:00 pm) forever.
When Alice arrives at the tea party, the Hatter is characterised by switching places on the table at any given time, making short, personal remarks, asking unanswerable riddles and reciting nonsensical poetry, all of which eventually drives Alice away. The Hatter appears again as a witness at the Knave of Hearts' trial, where the Queen appears to recognise him as the singer she sentenced to death, and the King of Hearts also cautions him not to be nervous or he will have him "executed on the spot".
Through the Looking-Glass[edit]
The character also appears briefly in Carroll's 1871 Through the Looking-Glass, the sequel to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, under the name "Hatta" - alongside the March Hare under the name "Haigha", which is pronounced "hare." Sir John Tenniel's illustration depicts Hatta as sipping from a teacup as he did in the original novel. Alice does not comment on whether Hatta is the Hatter of her earlier dream.
Characterization[edit]
The Hatter enjoying a cup of tea and biscuit, by Sir John Tenniel.
Etymology[edit]
Mercury was used in the manufacturing of felt hats during the 19th century, causing a high rate of mercury poisoning among those working in the hat industry.[1] Mercury poisoning causes neurological damage, including slurred speech, memory loss, and tremors, which led to the phrase "mad as a hatter".[1] In the Victorian age, many workers in the textile industry, including hatters, often suffered from starvation and overwork, and were particularly prone to develop illnesses affecting the nervous system, such as central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis, which is portrayed in novels like Alton Locke by Charles Kingsley and North and South by Elizabeth Gaskell, which Lewis Carroll had read. Many such workers were sent to Pauper Lunatic Asylums, which were supervised by Lunacy Commissioners such as Samuel Gaskell and Robert Wilfred Skeffington Lutwidge, Carroll's uncle. Carroll was familiar with the conditions at asylums and visited at least one, the Surrey County Asylum, himself, which treated patients with so-called non-restraint methods and occupied them, amongst others, in gardening, farming and hat-making.[2] Besides staging theatre plays, dances and other amusements, such asylums also held tea-parties.[3]
Appearance[edit]
The Hatter introduced in Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland wears a large top hat with a hatband reading "In this style 10/6". This is the hat's price tag, indicative of The Hatter's trade, and giving the price in pre-decimal British money as ten shillings and six pence (or half a guinea).
Personality[edit]
Illustration of the March Hare, one of the Hatter's tea party friends, by Sir John Tenniel.
The Hatter and his tea party friend, the March Hare, are initially referred to as "both mad" by the distinctive Cheshire Cat. The first mention of both characters occurs in the sixth chapter of Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, titled "Pig and Pepper", in a conversation between the child protagonist Alice and the Cheshire Cat, when she asks "what sort of people live about here?" to which the cat replies "in that direction lives a Hatter, and in that direction, lives a March Hare. Visit either you like: they're both mad!" Both then subsequently make their actual debuts in the seventh chapter of the same book, which is titled "A Mad Tea-Party".
Hat making was the main trade in Stockport where Carroll grew up, and it was not unusual then for hatters to appear disturbed or confused; many died early as a result of mercury poisoning. However, the Hatter does not exhibit the symptoms of mercury poisoning, which include excessive timidity, diffidence, increasing shyness, loss of self-confidence, anxiety, and a desire to remain unobserved and unobtrusive.[4]
Resemblance to Theophilus Carter[edit]
It has often been claimed that the Hatter's character may have been inspired by Theophilus Carter, an eccentric furniture dealer.[5][6] Carter was supposedly at one time a servitor at Christ Church, one of the University of Oxford's colleges.[7] This is not substantiated by university records.[7] He later owned a furniture shop, and became known as the "Mad Hatter" from his habit of standing in the door of his shop wearing a top hat.[5][6] Sir John Tenniel is reported to have come to Oxford especially to sketch him for his illustrations.[5] There is no evidence for this claim, however, in either Carroll's letters or diaries.[8]
The Hatter's riddle[edit]
In the chapter "A Mad Tea Party", the Hatter asks a much-noted riddle "why is a raven like a writing desk?" When Alice gives up trying to figure out why, the Hatter admits "I haven't the slightest idea!". Carroll originally intended the riddle to be without an answer, but after many requests from readers, he and others—including puzzle expert Sam Loyd—suggested possible answers; in his preface to the 1896 edition of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, Carroll wrote:
Enquiries have been so often addressed to me, as to whether any answer to the Hatter's riddle can be imagined, that I may as well put on record here what seems to me to be a fairly appropriate answer, "because it can produce a few notes, though they are very flat; and it is nevar put with the wrong end in front!" This, however, is merely an afterthought; the riddle as originally invented had no answer at all.[9][a]
Loyd proposed a number of alternative solutions to the riddle, including "because Poe wrote on both" (alluding to Poe's 1845 narrative poem The Raven) and "because the notes for which they are noted are not noted for being musical notes".
The April 2017 edition of Bandersnatch, the Newsletter of the Lewis Carroll Society [Issue 172, ISSN 0306-8404, Apr 2017], published the following solution, proposed by puzzle expert Rick Hosburn: "Why is a Raven like a Writing-desk?" "Because one is a crow with a bill, while the other is a bureau with a quill!" The RSPB, in its definition of Raven, states: "The raven [...] is all black with a large bill, and long wings."
American author Stephen King provides an alternative answer to the Hatter's riddle in his 1977 horror novel The Shining. Snowbound and isolated "ten thousand feet high" in the Rocky Mountains, the five-year-old son "Danny" hears whispers of the malign "voice of the [Overlook] hotel" inside his head, including this bit of mockery, "why is a raven like a writing desk? The higher the fewer, of course! Have another cup of tea!"
In other media[edit]
Mad Hatter Cosplay
The Hatter has been featured in nearly every adaptation of Alice in Wonderland to date; he is usually the male lead. The character has been portrayed in film by Edward Everett Horton, Sir Robert Helpmann, Martin Short, Peter Cook, Anthony Newley, Ed Wynn, Andrew-Lee Potts, and Johnny Depp. In music videos, the Hatter has been portrayed by Tom Petty, Dero Goi, and Steven Tyler. He has also been portrayed on stage by Nikki Snelson and Katherine Shindle, and on television by John Robert Hoffman, Pip Donaghy and Sebastian Stan. In ballet adaptations, Steven McRae also portrayed him as a mad 'Tapper'.
Batman[edit]
Main article: Mad Hatter (comics)
The Mad Hatter (also referred to as "Jervis Tetch") is a supervillain and enemy of the Batman in DC comic books, making his first appearance in the October 1948 (#49) release of Batman. He is portrayed as a brilliant neurotechnician with considerable knowledge in how to dominate and control the human mind. He has also appeared in the Batman television series, animated series and various video games.
Disney[edit]
In the 1951 Walt Disney animated feature Alice in Wonderland, the Hatter appears as a short, hyperactive man with grey hair, a large nose and a comical voice. He was voiced by Ed Wynn in 1951, and by Corey Burton in his later appearances (Bonkers, House of Mouse). Alice stumbles upon the Hatter and the March Hare having an "un-birthday" party for themselves. The Hatter asks her the infamous riddle "why is a raven like a writing desk?", but when she tries to answer the Hatter and the March Hare think she is "stark raving mad" and the Hatter completely forgot that he even asked her the riddle.
Throughout the course of the film, the Hatter pulls numerous items out of his hat, such as cake and smaller hats. His personality is that of a child, angry one second, happy the next.
The Hatter and March Hare make a cameo appearance in a painting in the Tea Party Garden in the Kingdom Hearts video game and the Hatter is also a greetable character at the Disneyland Resort, Walt Disney World Resort, Tokyo Disney Resort, Disneyland Paris Resort and Hong Kong Disneyland. This version of the character was also a semi-regular on the Disney Afternoon series Bonkers and one of the guests in House of Mouse, where he even made a cameo appearance in one of the featured cartoon shorts.
2010 film[edit]
The Hatter appears in Tim Burton's 2010 version of Alice in Wonderland portrayed by Johnny Depp and given the name Tarrant Hightopp.[10] In the film, the Hatter takes Alice toward the White Queen's castle and relates the terror of the Red Queen's reign while commenting that Alice is not the same as she once was. The Hatter subsequently helps Alice avoid capture by the Red Queen's guards by allowing himself to be seized instead. He is later saved from execution by the Cheshire Cat and calls for rebellion against the Red Queen. Near the end of the film, the Hatter unsuccessfully suggests to Alice that she could stay in Wonderland and consummate his feelings for her.
Critical reception to Johnny Depp's portrayal of the Hatter was generally positive. David Edelstein of New York Magazine remarked that while the elements of the character suggested by Depp don't entirely come together, "Depp brings an infectious summer-stock zest to everything he does."[11] Bill Goodykoontz of The Arizona Republic said that "Depp is exactly what you'd expect, which is a good thing. Gap-toothed and leering, at times he looks like Madonna after sticking a fork in a toaster. How he finds his characters is anybody's guess, a sort of thrift-store warehouse of eccentricities, it seems like. But it works."[12] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly had a more mixed opinion and commented that Depp as the Hatter is "a fantastic image, but once Depp opens his mouth, what comes out is a noisome Scottish brogue that makes everything he says sound more or less the same. The character offers no captivatingly skewed bat-house psychology. There isn't much to him, really—he's just a smiling Johnny one-note with a secret hip-hop dance move—and so we start to react to him the way that Alice does to everything else: by wondering when he's going to stop making nonsense."[13] Kenneth Turan of Los Angeles Times stated that "there's no denying Depp's gifts and abilities, but this performance feels both indulgent and something we've all seen before."[14]
Wonderland: A New Alice[edit]
Frank Wildhorn composed the music to and co-wrote the music to Wonderland. In this adaption the Hatter is portrayed as the villain of the story, and Alice's alter-ego and is a mad woman who longs to be Queen. She was played by Nikki Snelson in the original Tampa, Florida production, and then by Kate Shindle in the Tampa/Houston Tour, and the production on Broadway.
SyFy's Alice[edit]
This Hatter is portrayed as a smuggler who starts off working as a double agent for the Queen of Hearts and the Wonderland Resistance in the story; over the course of the story, he begins to side more and more with the Resistance, and ends up falling in love with Alice as he helps her along the way.
American McGee's Alice[edit]
In the videogame American McGee's Alice, The Mad Hatter is portrayed as psychotic, literally gone "mad" and obsessed with time and clockworks, and considers himself to be a genius. He invents mechanical devices, often evidently using the bodies of living organisms for the base of his inventions, as he plans to do to all of Wonderland's inhabitants. He appears in Alice: Madness Returns in the same appearance, although this time, he requests Alice's help in retrieving his lost limbs from his former compatriots the March Hare and Dormouse.
The Looking Glass Wars[edit]
A spin-off of the traditional Alice in Wonderland story, Frank Beddor's The Looking Glass Wars features a character named Hatter Madigan, a member of an elite group of bodyguards known in Wonderland as the "Millinery" after the business of selling women's hats. He acts as the bodyguard of the rightful Queen, and as guide/guardian to the protagonist, Alyss Heart.
Alice in the Country of Hearts[edit]
The Japanese manga Alice in the Country of Hearts has been translated into English. The Hatter role is played by Blood Dupre, a crime boss and leader of a street gang called The Hatters, which controls one of the four territories of Wonderland.
Charisma Label[edit]
Sir John Tenniel's drawing of the Hatter, combined with a montage of other images from Alice in Wonderland, were used as a logo by Charisma Records from 1972 onwards.
Pandora Hearts[edit]
The Mad Hatter in Pandora Hearts manga series is a chain (creature from the Abyss) that was contracted by Xerxes Break. The hatter basically looks like a large top hat with flowery decorations (similar to Break's top hat) and a tattered cape. When summoned, it can destroy all chains and objects from the Abyss within a large area. T
Futurama[edit]
The TV series Futurama has a robot named Mad Hatterbot who is based off the Hatter. Seen only in the HAL Institute (an asylum for criminally insane robots) the Mad Hatterbot only says one line: "Change places!", which all in the room comply with when spoken. The price tag on his hat reads "5/3", a simplified form of the fraction 10/6. A minor character, he has been in the episodes "Insane in the Mainframe" and "Follow the Reader" as well as the film Futurama: Bender's Game.
Once Upon a Time[edit]
Jefferson
Once Upon a Time character
First appearance
"Hat Trick" (1.17)
Last appearance
"The Doctor" (2.05)
Portrayed by
Sebastian Stan
Information
Nickname(s)
The Mad Hatter
Gender
Male
Occupation
Realm jumper
Hatter for the Queen of Hearts (formerly)
Family
Grace (daughter)
Significant other(s)
Priscilla[15] (wife, deceased)
Centric episodes
Season One
"Hat Trick"
Season Two
"The Doctor"
Season 1[edit]
Main article: Once Upon a Time (season 1)
Season 2[edit]
Main article: Once Upon a Time (season 2)
Ever After High[edit]
In the Netflix episode "Spring Unsprung", the Mad Hatter makes an appearance as Madeline Hatter's father. In the 47-minute special, he runs the Mad Hatter's Tea Shoppe in the town of Bookend, not far from Maddie's school Ever After High. He also runs a shop by the same name in Wonderland, but it was abandoned after the Evil Queen (Raven Queen's mother) cast a curse upon the land.
Shrek: The Musical[edit]
The Mad Hatter plays a small role as a fairytale creature and has two lines including, "They ridiculed my hat" and "I smell like sauerkraut".
The Man who became a Rabbit[edit]
A Burton's inspired Mad Hatter appears in "The Man who became a Rabbit" Music Video, an Indian version of Alice in Wonderland by Valérian MacRabbit and Lalkrishnan. Mad Hatter becomes Mac Hatter and gives one riddle to the main character : "Spread blood on the birthday cake"[16].
See also[edit]
The White Rabbit
The Mouse
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Please note that "nevar" is "raven" backwards and that Carroll deliberately misspelled it.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Myers 2003, p. 276.
Jump up ^ Kohlt, Franziska (26 Apr 2016). "'The Stupidest Tea-Party in All My Life': Lewis Carroll and Victorian Psychiatric Practice". Journal of Victorian Culture. 22. doi:10.1080/13555502.2016.1167767.
Jump up ^ Tuke, Samuel (1813). Description of the Retreat, an institution near York, for insane persons of the Society of Friends : containing an account of its origin and progress, the modes of treatment, and a statement of cases. York. p. 111.
Jump up ^ Hauth, Waldron (24 December 1983). "Did the Mad Hatter have mercury poisoning?". National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c Hancher 1985, p. 101.
^ Jump up to: a b Millikan, Lauren (5 March 2011). "The Mad Hatter". Carleton University. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Collingwood 2011, p. 47.
Jump up ^ Maters, Kristin (27 January 2014). "Who Really Inspired Lewis Carroll's 'Alice' Characters?". Books Tell You Why. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Mad Hatter's riddle: why is a raven like a writing desk?". Alice in Wonderland Net. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Alice in Wonderland – Glossary of Terms/Script (early draft)" (PDF). Walt Disney Pictures. JoBlo.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 November 2010. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
Jump up ^ David Edelstein (28 February 2010). "David Edelstein on 'Alice in Wonderland', 'The Yellow Handkerchief', and 'The Art of the Steal' -- New York Magazine Movie Review". New York Magazine. Retrieved 6 March 2013. Depp reportedly decided that the mercury poisoning that made many nineteenth-century hatters so mad would be manifest in his eyes (green) and hair (Bozo orange), and that his skin tone and accent would shift according to the character’s mood. (“I always saw the Hatter as kind of tragic … ”) Does it all come together? Not entirely, but Depp brings an infectious summer-stock zest to everything he does: I picture him digging through trunks of old costumes and trying on this torn vest and that dusty cravat and sitting in front of his dressing-room mirror playing with makeup and bulging his eyes and sticking out his tongue.
Jump up ^ Bill Goodykoontz (3 March 2010). "'Alice in Wonderland'". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved 6 March 2013. Depp is exactly what you'd expect, which is a good thing. Gap-toothed and leering, at times he looks like Madonna after sticking a fork in a toaster. How he finds his characters is anybody's guess, a sort of thrift-store warehouse of eccentricities, it seems like. But it works.
Jump up ^ Owen Gleiberman (3 March 2010). "Alice in Wonderland Review". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 6 March 2013. Then there's Johnny Depp, who plays the Mad Hatter with radioactive emerald eyes, an exploding Bozo carrot top, and a gaze of luminous dementia. He's a fantastic image, but once Depp opens his mouth, what comes out is a noisome Scottish brogue that makes everything he says sound more or less the same. The character offers no captivatingly skewed bat-house psychology. There isn't much to him, really—he's just a smiling Johnny one-note with a secret hip-hop dance move—and so we start to react to him the way that Alice does to everything else: by wondering when he's going to stop making nonsense.
Jump up ^ Kenneth Turan (4 March 2010). "Review: 'Alice in Wonderland'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 6 March 2013. His Mad Hatter is a genuine fashionista whom we get to see designing wacky headgear like there is no tomorrow. There's no denying Depp's gifts and abilities, but this performance feels both indulgent and something we've all seen before.
Jump up ^ Her name is revealed in Once Upon a Time: Out of the Past ("Tea Party in March").
Jump up ^ "The Man who became a Rabbit", Lalkrishnan / Valérian MacRabbit, The Freak Parade (2018)
Sources[edit]
Collingwood, Stuart (2011). The Life and Letters of Lewis Carroll. Cambridge University. ISBN 978-1108033886.
Hancher, Michael (1985). The Tenniel Illustrations to the "Alice" Books. Ohio State University. ISBN 978-0814204085.
Myers, Richard (2003). The Basics of Chemistry. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0313316647.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Mad Hatter.
Alice In Wonderland - The Mad Hatter! on YouTube
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text:
Chandler Bing
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Chandler Bing
Friends character
Portrayed by
Matthew Perry
Duration
1994–2004
First appearance
"The Pilot"
Last appearance
"The Last One"
Created by
David Crane
Marta Kauffman
Profile
Occupation
Statistical analysis and data reconfiguration
Junior advertising copywriter
[show]Family
Father
Charles Bing
Mother
Nora Bing
Wife
Monica Geller (2001–)
Adoptive sons
Jack Bing
Adoptive daughters
Erica Bing
Aunts
Edna
First cousins
Albert Bing
Glen
Chandler Muriel Bing[1] is a fictional character from the NBC sitcom Friends, portrayed by Matthew Perry.[2] He was born on April 8, 1968, to Nora Tyler Bing (Morgan Fairchild), a romance novelist, and Charles Bing (Kathleen Turner), a gay female impersonator who later had a sex change operation and became the star of a Las Vegas drag show called “Viva Las Gay-gas”. He is of Scottish and Swedish ancestry. He is an only child and is apparently from an affluent family. Chandler's parents announced their divorce to him over Thanksgiving dinner when he was nine years old, an event which causes him to refuse to celebrate the holiday in his adulthood. It is revealed in season 1 he went to an all-boys high school.
Chandler's best friend is Ross Geller (David Schwimmer), who was his college roommate. He and Ross were in a band named Way/No Way during college. He met Ross's sister, Monica Geller (Courteney Cox), and her friend, Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), while celebrating Thanksgiving at Ross's House. Chandler was the first person to know about Ross's love for Rachel. He moved to New York City and lives across the hall from Monica and, through her, meets Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow). At some point during this time, Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc) moves in with him and they become best friends. Chandler has a very good sense of humor, and is notoriously sarcastic. He is the highest earning member of his friends circle on account of responsible income management, having learned the value of money from a young age. He suffers from commitment issues, but later marries Monica.
Contents
[hide]
1 Appearances
2 Development
2.1 Relationships
3 Career
4 References
5 External links
Appearances[edit]
Chandler works as an IT procurements manager with the specialization "Statistical analysis and data reconfiguration," but loathes it. In Season 9, he quits his job and Monica helps him start a new career in advertising.
Chandler is Ross Geller's roommate in college. Chandler met his friend Rachel Green while celebrating Thanksgiving with the Geller family during his first year at college. On a tip from Monica, Chandler later moved to Apartment #4 in Greenwich Village, Manhattan, across the hall from Monica and her roommate Phoebe Buffay. Actor Joey Tribbiani moves in with Chandler, who becomes his best friend.
Ross and Chandler have been best friends since college, where they were roommates at Columbia University. They were in a band together, shared weird hair and fashion styles, and graduated from college in 1991.[3]
Until moving in with Monica, Chandler shared an apartment with his best friend Joey Tribbiani. Chandler and Joey's apartment is an important focal point for the series as one of the few meeting areas of the gang. The two form a close and enduring friendship, and get into many humorous situations.
When Chandler is first considering Joey as a roommate, the two start off on the wrong foot when Joey says that he "is cool with the gay thing" (Joey assuming Chandler was gay). Joey comes to fill the slot, only Chandler had already chosen a roommate – a fashion photographer with a porn-star sister. But after their eccentric neighbor Mr. Heckles (Larry Hankin) tells the photographer that he is Chandler's new roommate and is able to open Chandler's unlocked door, the photographer leaves. This forces Chandler to give the keys to Joey and they find out they had a lot in common, including a fondness for sports and beer. Chandler often supports Joey throughout the show, paying the rent, paying for Joey's head-shots, buying most of the food and even give money to Joey for his numerous dates. Joey tries to repay Chandler by giving him the only ticket to the première of his new movie. Unfortunately, Chandler falls asleep. Later that episode, Joey insists on paying back every penny that he owes Chandler until he realizes exactly how much he owes him.
The relationship between the two is balanced: Joey looks to Chandler as his intellectual superior, while Chandler acknowledges Joey as the more confident counterpart, especially when it comes to getting women. One of their recurring moments involves Chandler understanding something and waiting in silence until Joey catches on.
Chandler and Rachel originally did not like each other, but grew to become good friends. In "The One with All the Cheesecakes" Chandler and Rachel steal and share the cheesecake which originally belonged to their downstairs neighbor. Rachel, who works for Ralph Lauren, is also the one who helps Chandler pick out his wedding suit. Rachel also sets up Chandler with her boss Joanna (Alison LaPlaca). Rachel and Chandler never have any romantic relationships apart from a glance back to their time in college when they made out.
Chandler and Phoebe are good friends. They sometimes are goofy and have fun with one another. In "The One with the Metaphorical Tunnel", Phoebe and Chandler play hide and seek. They also play games, like coming up with Superhero names and reclining the Barcaloungers like cowboys. They share a duet of "Endless Love" at the end of one episode, when Chandler is sad after a breakup with his on-off girlfriend Janice (Maggie Wheeler). In "The One Where Everyone Finds Out", she tries to trick him into believing that she is attracted to him, but Monica tells him that Phoebe finds him charming in a "sexless" way, indicating that any hints of romance are jokes. Phoebe is the initial reason that Chandler quit smoking in "The One With the Thumb", after an argument between the group about his smoking. He is leaving the apartment when she offers him $7,000 to never smoke again.
Chandler is brash, zany, and estranged from both of his parents. He suffers from commitment issues, brought on by growing up in a broken home with no idea of what a stable marriage looks like, can be neurotic and extremely defensive, with humour as his shield. Chandler also associates everything that links to his parents' divorce in a negative light, specifically Thanksgiving where his parents reveal their separation over a turkey where his father plans to run away with the bus boy.
Chandler began smoking when he was nine years old after his parents announced their divorce. Chandler is first seen smoking during the first season and is chastised by his friends for breaking his non-smoking streak of three years.
His middle name, "Muriel," was revealed in the beginning of "The One With Rachel's Date," where one of his co-workers thinks his name is Toby.
Chandler's main catch phrase is starting sentences with "Could that BE any more..."
Development[edit]
Relationships[edit]
Chandler is afraid of commitment and had the fewest relationships out of all the Friends. Despite all this, he is the first one to have a committed marriage that doesn't end in divorce.
At Ross's wedding in London, Monica and Chandler sleep together and decide to begin dating. They try to keep their relationship secret, as they are unsure about how the others would react. Eventually, however, they all find out. Their wedding is officiated by Joey, who is ordained over the Internet. In the final episode, Monica and Chandler adopt twins, due to their inability to conceive.
Monica's bossiness, neatness and overly competitive nature forces Chandler into several situations, such as her being unable to throw a game of tennis against Chandler's boss and Chandler hiding the fact that he is incredibly good at ping-pong so Monica won't enter them in doubles tournaments.
Before his relationship with Monica, Chandler has an on-and-off relationship with Janice Hosenstein (Maggie Wheeler). She is a regular feature in his life, even though he regretted dating her and kept ending their relationship in season 1. He dates her again in season 2, but it ends up in a break-up. However, Janice makes further appearances later in the series.
Kathy (Paget Brewster) makes an appearance in the fourth season of Friends. Chandler sees her in Central Perk and asks the gang if he should ask her out, only to learn that she was already waiting for a date with Joey. She is an actress and Chandler eventually dates her until he gets extremely paranoid when she shares a sex scene with her co-star prompting a big fight between the two. Ironically it was Chandler's own paranoia that drove Kathy to having an affair with the same person.
Career[edit]
Chandler works as an IT procurements manager with the specialization "Statistical analysis and data reconfiguration", which he takes up as temporary work. Despite disliking his job, Chandler is unable to quit his job as it is his nature to avoid ending anything forcefully. His friends do not understand what he does; during the contest for Monica and Rachel's apartment, Rachel guesses "Transponster" for his job title.
In the episode "The One Where Emma Cries", Chandler falls asleep during a meeting and on waking, realizes that he had agreed to head the new division in Tulsa. Chandler quits his job on Christmas, so that he can fly home to New York to be with Monica. Monica helps Chandler secure a job in advertising through an old colleague of hers. Much to Chandler's dismay, he begins as an intern. However, his more mature approach eventually pays off, and he secures a full-time job in the business as a junior copywriter.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The One with Rachel's Date". Friends. Season 8. Episode 5. October 25, 2001. NBC.
Jump up ^ Galindo, Brian (August 12, 2013). "25 Fascinating Facts You Might Not Know About "Friends"". Buzzfeed.com. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
Jump up ^ "The One Where the Stripper Cries". Friends. Season 10. February 5, 2004. NBC.
External links[edit]
Friends portal
[show]
v
t
e
Friends
Characters
Chandler Bing
Phoebe Buffay
Monica Geller
Ross Geller
Rachel Green
Joey Tribbiani
Episodes
Season 1
"The Pilot" (1.01)
"The One with the Sonogram at the End" (1.02)
"The One with George Stephanopoulos" (1.04)
Season 2
"The One with the Lesbian Wedding" (2.11)
"The One After the Superbowl" (2.12–2.13)
"The One with the Prom Video" (2.14)
"The One Where Dr. Ramoray Dies" (2.18)
Season 3
"The One Where No One's Ready" (3.02)
Season 4
"The One with the Embryos" (4.12)
"The One with Ross's Wedding" (4.23–4.24)
Season 5
"The One After Ross Says Rachel" (5.01)
"The One Hundredth" (5.03)
"The One with All the Thanksgivings" (5.08)
"The One with the Girl Who Hits Joey" (5.15)
"The One Where Rachel Smokes" (5.18)
"The One Where Ross Can't Flirt" (5.19)
"The One with the Ride-Along" (5.20)
Season 6
"The One After Vegas" (6.01)
"The One with the Apothecary Table" (6.11)
"The One with the Proposal" (6.24–6.25)
Season 7
"The One with Monica and Chandler's Wedding" (7.23–7.24)
Season 8
"The One with Rachel's Date" (8.05)
"The One with the Rumor" (8.09)
Season 9
–
Season 10
"The Last One" (10.17–10.18)
Related articles
Music
"I'll Be There for You"
Joey
Mad About You
Awards and nominations
Friends ... 'Til the End
Hello Friends
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chandler_Bing&oldid=826979909"
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text:
In the Summertime
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For other uses, see In the Summertime (disambiguation).
"In the Summertime"
Single by Mungo Jerry
from the album Electronically Tested
B-side
"Mighty Man"
Released
1970
Recorded
1970
Pye Recording Studios, Marble Arch, London
Genre
Skiffle[1][2]
Length
3:40
Label
Dawn
Songwriter(s)
Ray Dorset
Producer(s)
Barry Murray
Mungo Jerry singles chronology
"In the Summertime"
(1970) "Baby Jump"
(1971)
"In the Summertime"
(1970) "Baby Jump"
(1971)
Audio sample
"In the Summerime"
file
help
"In the Summertime" is the debut single by British rock band Mungo Jerry. Written and composed by its lead singer, Ray Dorset, it celebrates the carefree days of summer. In 1970, it reached number one in charts around the world, including seven weeks on the UK Singles Chart, two weeks on one of the Canadian charts, and number three on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart in the US. It became one of the best-selling singles of all-time, eventually selling more than 10 million copies.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Personnel
3 Chart performance
3.1 Weekly charts
3.2 Year-end charts
4 Shaggy version
4.1 Track listing
4.2 Charts
4.2.1 Weekly charts
4.2.2 Year-end charts
5 Other uses
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Background[edit]
Dorset has said that the song only took ten minutes to write, which he did using a second-hand Fender Stratocaster while he was taking time off work from his regular job, working in a lab for Timex.[4]
The initial UK release was on Dawn Records, a new label launched by Pye. It was unusual in that it was a maxi single, playing at 33-1/3 rpm, whereas singles generally played at 45 rpm. It included an additional song also written and composed by Dorset, "Mighty Man," on the A-side, and a much longer track, the Woody Guthrie song "Dust Pneumonia Blues," on the B-side. As the record was sold in a picture sleeve, also not standard at the time, and only sold at a few pence more than the normal 45 rpm two-track single, it was considered value for money. The small quantities of 45 rpm discs on the Pye record label, with "Mighty Man" on the B-side, and without a picture sleeve, were pressed for use in jukeboxes. These are now rare collector's items.
In 2012, Dorset sued his former management company Associated Music International, run by his former friend and business manager Eliot Cohen, claiming over £2 million in royalties from the song that he believed had been withheld from him.[5]
In an interview with Gary James, Dorset explained the origin of the "motorcycle" sound towards the end of the song: "I said, 'We'll just get a recording of a motorcycle, stick it on the end of the song and then re-edit the front and then put the front off to the motorcycle so it starts up again.' But I couldn't find a motorcycle. Howard Barry, the engineer had an old, well, it wasn't old then, a Triumph sports car, which he drove past the studio while Barry Marrit was holding the microphone. So, he got the stereo effects from left to right or right to left, whatever. And that was it."[6]
Personnel[edit]
Credits adapted from the single liner notes for "In the Summertime".[7]
Ray Dorset – vocals, electric guitar, 6 string acoustic, cabasa, stomp
Paul King – banjo, jug
Colin Earl – piano
Mike Cole – string bass
Chart performance[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1970)
Peak
position
Australia (Go-Set National Top 40)[8] 1
Australia (Kent Music Report)[9] 1
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[10] 1
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[11] 1
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[12] 1
Denmark (IFPI)[13] 1
France (CIDD)[14] 1
Germany (Official German Charts)[15] 1
Ireland (IRMA)[16] 1
Italy (FIMI)[17] 1
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[18] 1
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[19] 1
New Zealand (RIANZ)[20] 1
Norway (VG-lista)[21] 1
South Africa (Springbok Radio)[22] 1
Sweden[23] 1
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[24] 1
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[25] 1
US Billboard Hot 100[26] 3
US Cash Box[27] 2
US Record World[citation needed] 1
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1970)
Rank
Australia (Kent Music Report)[28] 16
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[29] 2
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[30] 4
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[31] 7
France (IFOP)[32] 2
Italy (FIMI)[33] 5
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[34] 4
South Africa (Springbok Radio)[35] 2
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[36] 2
US Billboard Hot 100[37] 53
US Cash Box Top 100[38] 35
Shaggy version[edit]
"In the Summertime"
Single by Shaggy featuring Rayvon
from the album Boombastic and Flipper Soundtrack
B-side
"It No Matter"
"Gal You a Pepper"
Released
1995
Format
CD single
cassette
12" vinyl
Recorded
1995
1996 (re-recorded)
Genre
Reggae[39]
Length
3:46
Label
Virgin
Songwriter(s)
Ray Dorset
Producer(s)
Shaggy, Rayvon
Shaggy singles chronology
"Lately"
(1994) "In the Summertime"
(1995) "Boombastic"
(1995)
"Lately"
(1994) "In the Summertime"
(1995) "Boombastic"
(1995)
"In the Summertime" ('96 Version)
Single cover for the re-recorded version
In 1995, Jamaican-American rapper Shaggy covered the song, and released it as the lead single from his third studio album, Boombastic.[40] A year after its release, the song was re-recorded and released specifically for the film Flipper under the title "In the Summertime" ('96 Version). Aside from the addition of rap lyrics, Shaggy's version also substitutes other lyrics for the song's original line containing "have a drink, have a drive." Shaggy also performed the song on an episode of Baywatch.[41]
Track listing[edit]
United Kingdom
CD single[42]
"In the Summertime" (Single Edit) – 3:46
"It No Matter" – 3:56
"Gal You A Pepper" – 3:37
"In the Summertime" (Sting vs. Shaggy Remix) – 4:40
7" vinyl / Cassette[43]
"In the Summertime" (Single Edit) – 3:46
"It No Matter" – 3:56
12" vinyl[44]
"In the Summertime" (Sting vs. Shaggy Remix) – 4:40
"In the Summertime" (LP Version) – 3:55
"In the Summertime" (Drum Dancehall Mix) – 3:54
1996 "Flipper" CD single[45]
"In the Summertime '96" (Original Version) – 3:52
"In the Summertime '96" (Instrumental) – 3:52
"Flipper Main Theme" – 3:58
United States
CD single[46]
"In the Summertime" (Single Edit) – 3:48
"In the Summertime" (LP Version) – 3:55
"In the Summertime" (Drum Dancehall Mix) – 3:54
"In the Summertime" (Funk Dance Mix) – 3:58
"Boombastic" (LP Version) – 4:05
"Boombastic" (Sting Remix) – 4:18
12" vinyl[47]
"In the Summertime" (LP Version) – 3:55
"In the Summertime" (Drum Dancehall Mix) – 3:54
"In the Summertime" (Funk Dance Mix) – 3:58
"Boombastic" (Sting Remix) – 4:18
Charts[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1995)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[48] 14
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[49] 35
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[50] 32
Finland (Suomen virallinen lista)[51] 7
Germany (Official German Charts)[52] 60
Ireland (IRMA)[53] 13
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[54] 23
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[55] 21
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[56] 4
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[57] 30
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[58] 5
US Billboard Hot 100[59] 3
US Billboard Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales[59] 2
US Billboard Hot R&B Singles[59] 1
US Billboard Hot Rap Singles[59] 1
US Cash Box[60] 3
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1995)
Rank
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[61] 21
US Billboard Hot 100[62] 18
US Cash Box[63] 23
Other uses[edit]
The song's lyric "have a drink, have a drive, go out and see what you can find" led to its use in a UK advert for the campaign Drinking and Driving Wrecks Lives. It featured the first verse against people enjoying drinks in a pub during summer, then stopped to show a fatal car accident caused by drink driving.[64][65]
See also[edit]
List of best-selling singles
List of Billboard number-one rap singles of the 1980s and 1990s
List of Dutch Top 40 number-one singles of 1970
List of number-one singles in Australia during the 1970s
List of number-one singles of 1970 (Canada)
List of number-one singles of 1970 (France)
List of number-one hits of 1970 (Germany)
List of number-one singles of 1970 (Ireland)
List of number-one hits of 1970 (Italy)
List of number-one singles in 1970 (New Zealand)
List of number-one singles of 1970 (Spain)
List of number-one singles from 1968–79 (Switzerland)
List of number-one R&B singles of 1995 (U.S.)
List of UK Singles Chart number ones of the 1970s
VG-lista 1964 to 1994
References[edit]
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External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Mungo Jerry - In The Summertime ORIGINAL 1970 on YouTube
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Discography
Studio albums
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Summer in Kingston
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Compilation albums
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Mr. Lover Lover: The Best of Shaggy...part 1
Boombastic Hits
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"Hey Sexy Lady"
"Wild 2nite"
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"Remain in Our Hearts"
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Best-selling singles by year in the United Kingdom
1952–1969
1952: "Auf Wiederseh'n Sweetheart" – Vera Lynn (UK)
1953: "I Believe" – Frankie Laine
1954: "Secret Love" – Doris Day
1955: "Rose Marie" – Slim Whitman
1956: "I'll Be Home" – Pat Boone
1957: "Diana" – Paul Anka
1958: "Jailhouse Rock" – Elvis Presley
1959: "Living Doll" – Cliff Richard (UK)
1960: "It's Now or Never" – Elvis Presley
1961: "Wooden Heart" – Elvis Presley
1962: "I Remember You" – Frank Ifield (UK)
1963: "She Loves You" – The Beatles (UK)
1964: "Can't Buy Me Love" – The Beatles (UK)
1965: "Tears" – Ken Dodd (UK)
1966: "Green, Green Grass of Home" – Tom Jones (UK)
1967: "Release Me" – Engelbert Humperdinck (UK)
1968: "Hey Jude" – The Beatles (UK)
1969: "Sugar, Sugar" – The Archies
1970–1989
1970: "The Wonder of You" – Elvis Presley
1971: "My Sweet Lord" – George Harrison (UK)
1972: "Amazing Grace" – The Royal Scots Dragoon Guards Band (UK)
1973: "Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree" – Tony Orlando and Dawn
1974: "Tiger Feet" – Mud (UK)
1975: "Bye Bye Baby" – Bay City Rollers (UK)
1976: "Save Your Kisses for Me" – Brotherhood of Man (UK)
1977: "Mull of Kintyre" / "Girls' School" – Wings (UK)
1978: "Rivers of Babylon" / "Brown Girl in the Ring" – Boney M.
1979: "Bright Eyes" – Art Garfunkel
1980: "Don't Stand So Close to Me" – The Police (UK)
1981: "Don't You Want Me" – The Human League (UK)
1982: "Come On Eileen" – Dexys Midnight Runners (UK)
1983: "Karma Chameleon" – Culture Club (UK)
1984: "Do They Know It's Christmas?" – Band Aid (UK)
1985: "The Power of Love" – Jennifer Rush
1986: "Don't Leave Me This Way" – The Communards (UK)
1987: "Never Gonna Give You Up" – Rick Astley (UK)
1988: "Mistletoe and Wine" – Cliff Richard (UK)
1989: "Ride on Time" – Black Box
1990–2009
1990: "Unchained Melody" – The Righteous Brothers
1991: "(Everything I Do) I Do It for You" – Bryan Adams
1992: "I Will Always Love You" – Whitney Houston
1993: "I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)" – Meat Loaf
1994: "Love Is All Around" – Wet Wet Wet (UK)
1995: "Unchained Melody" – Robson & Jerome (UK)
1996: "Killing Me Softly" – Fugees
1997: "Something About the Way You Look Tonight" / "Candle in the Wind 1997" – Elton John (UK)
1998: "Believe" – Cher
1999: "...Baby One More Time" – Britney Spears
2000: "Can We Fix It?" – Bob the Builder (UK)
2001: "It Wasn't Me" – Shaggy featuring Rikrok (UK)
2002: "Anything Is Possible" / "Evergreen" – Will Young (UK)
2003: "Where Is the Love?" – The Black Eyed Peas
2004: "Do They Know It's Christmas?" – Band Aid 20 (UK)
2005: "Is This the Way to Amarillo" – Tony Christie featuring Peter Kay (UK)
2006: "Crazy" – Gnarls Barkley
2007: "Bleeding Love" – Leona Lewis (UK)
2008: "Hallelujah" – Alexandra Burke (UK)
2009: "Poker Face" – Lady Gaga
2010–present
2010: "Just the Way You Are" – Bruno Mars
2011: "Someone Like You" – Adele (UK)
2012: "Somebody That I Used to Know" – Gotye featuring Kimbra
2013: "Blurred Lines" – Robin Thicke featuring T.I. & Pharrell Williams
2014: "Happy" – Pharrell Williams
2015: "Uptown Funk" – Mark Ronson (UK) featuring Bruno Mars
2016: "One Dance" – Drake featuring Wizkid and Kyla (UK)
2017: "Shape of You" - Ed Sheeran (UK)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=In_the_Summertime&oldid=846441297"
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