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Common myna
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Not to be confused with Common miner or Noisy miner.
Common myna/Indian mynah
Acridotheres tristis in Kokrebellur, India
Conservation status

Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Sturnidae
Genus: Acridotheres
Species: A. tristis
Binomial name
Acridotheres tristis
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Subspecies
Acridotheres tristis melanosternus
Acridotheres tristis naumanni
Acridotheres tristis tristis
Acridotheres tristis tristoides
Distribution of the common myna. Native distribution in blue, introduced in red.
The common myna/Indian mynah (Acridotheres tristis), sometimes spelled mynah, also sometimes known as "Indian myna",[2] is a member of the family Sturnidae (starlings and mynas) native to Asia. An omnivorous open woodland bird with a strong territorial instinct, the myna has adapted extremely well to urban environments.
The range of the common myna is increasing at such a rapid rate that in 2000 the IUCN Species Survival Commission declared it one of the world's most invasive species and one of only three birds in the top 100 species that pose an impact to biodiversity, agriculture and human interests.[3] In particular, the species poses a serious threat to the ecosystems of Australia where it was named "The Most Important Pest/Problem".[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Description
1.1 Morphometry
2 Distribution
3 Etymology
4 Taxonomy and subspecies
5 Behaviour
5.1 Vocalisation
5.2 Breeding
5.3 Food and feeding
5.4 Roosting behaviour
5.5 Habitat
5.5.1 Urban success
6 Invasive species
6.1 Australia
6.2 New Zealand
6.3 South Africa
6.4 United States
6.5 Effect on ecosystems and humans
6.5.1 Threat to native birds
6.5.2 Threat to crops and pasture
7 In culture
8 Gallery
9 References
10 Further reading
11 External links
Description[edit]
The common myna is readily identified by the brown body, black hooded head and the bare yellow patch behind the eye. The bill and legs are bright yellow. There is a white patch on the outer primaries and the wing lining on the underside is white. The sexes are similar and birds are usually seen in pairs.[5]
The common myna obeys Gloger's rule in that the birds from northwest India tend to be paler than their darker counterparts in South India.[6][7]
Morphometry[edit]
Morphometry.[6]
Body length: 23 centimetres (9.1 in)
Parameter/sex
Male
Female
Average weight (g) 109.8 120-138
Wing chord (mm) 138-153 138-147
Bill (mm) 25-30 25-28
Tarsus (mm) 34-42 35-41
Tail (mm) 81-95 79-96
Distribution[edit]
It is a species of bird native to Asia with its initial home range spanning from Iran, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka; as well as Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Myanmar, to Malaysia, Singapore, peninsular Thailand, Indo-China and China.[6][8]
The myna has been introduced in many other parts of the world such as Canada, Australia, Israel, New Zealand, New Caledonia, United States, South Africa, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan[9] Uzbekistan and islands in the Indian Ocean (Seychelles, Mauritius, Réunion, Madagascar, Maldives, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep archipelago) and also in islands of the Atlantic, such as Ascension and St Helena, and Pacific Oceans.[6] The range of the common myna is increasing to the extent that in 2000 the IUCN Species Survival Commission declared it among the World's 100 worst invasive species.[3]
Etymology[edit]
The etymology of the scientific name is as follows:[10]
Acridotheres: Greek akris, akrodos, a locust; theres, a hunter.
tristis: Latin tristis, sad, gloomy; Modern Latin tristis, dull-coloured).
Taxonomy and subspecies[edit]
The common myna has two subspecies:[6]
Acridotheres tristis tristis (Linnaeus, 1758). Widespread, including Sri Lanka.
A. t. melanosternus Legge, 1879. Endemic to Sri Lanka.
The subspecies melanosternus is darker than the nominate subspecies, has half-black and half-white primary coverts and has a larger yellow cheek-patch.[6][7] The type locality of the nominate subspecies is Puducherry, India.[10]
Behaviour[edit]
Vocalisation[edit]
Calls
Common Myna In Guntur
Turquoise blue-coloured egg of common myna.
The calls includes croaks, squawks, chirps, clicks, whistles and 'growls', and the bird often fluffs its feathers and bobs its head in singing. The common myna screeches warnings to its mate or other birds in cases of predators in proximity or when it is about to take off flying.[11] Common mynas are popular as cage birds for their singing and "speaking" abilities. Before sleeping in communal roosts, mynas vocalise in unison, which is known as "communal noise".[12]
Breeding[edit]
Common myna evicting a nest of jungle babbler. Breaking the eggs of jungle babbler.
Common mynas are believed to pair for life. They breed through much of the year depending on the location, building their nest in a hole in a tree or wall. They breed from sea-level to 3000 m in the Himalayas.[6]
The normal clutch size is 4–6 eggs. The average size of the egg is 30.8 x 21.99 mm. The incubation period is 17 to 18 days and fledging period is 22 to 24 days.[6] The Asian koel is sometimes brood parasitic on this species.[13] Nesting material used by mynas include twigs, roots, tow and rubbish. Mynas have been known to use tissue paper, tin foil and sloughed off snake-skin.[6]
During the breeding season, the daytime activity-time budget of common myna in Pune in April to June 1978 has been recorded to comprise the following: nesting activity (42%), scanning the environment (28%), locomotion (12%), feeding (4%), vocalisation (7%) and preening-related activities, interactions and other activities (7%).[14]
The common myna uses the nests of woodpeckers, parakeets, etc. and easily takes to nest boxes; it has been recorded evicting the chicks of previously nesting pairs by holding them in the beak and later sometimes not even using the emptied nest boxes. This aggressive behaviour contributes to its success as an invasive species.[15]
However, there is also some evidence that shows that in introduced environments, the species chooses to nest in more modified and artificial structures than in natural tree cavities when compared to native species.[16]
Food and feeding[edit]
Common Myna prey on a grasshopper.
Like most starlings, the common myna is omnivorous. It feeds on insects, arachnids, crustaceans, reptiles, small mammals, seeds, grain and fruits and discarded waste from human habitation. It forages on the ground among grass for insects, and especially for grasshoppers, from which it gets the generic name Acridotheres, "grasshopper hunter". It however feeds on a wide range of insects, mostly picked from the ground.[6][17] It is a cross-pollinator of flowers such as Salmalia and Erythrina. It walks on the ground with occasional hops and is an opportunistic feeder on the insects disturbed by grazing cattle as well as fired grass fields.[6]
Roosting behaviour[edit]
Common mynas roost communally throughout the year, either in pure or mixed flocks with jungle mynas, rosy starlings, house crows, jungle crows, cattle egrets and rose-ringed parakeets and other birds. The roost population can range from less than one hundred to thousands.[18][19] The time of arrival of mynas at the roost starts before and ends just after sunset. The mynas depart before sunrise. The time and timespan of arrival and departure, time taken for final settlement at the roost, duration of communal sleep, flock size and population vary seasonally.[12][20][21]
The function of communal roosting is to synchronise various social activities, avoid predators, exchange information about food sources.[22]
Communal displays (pre-roosting and post-roosting) consist of aerial maneuvers which are exhibited in the pre-breeding season (November to March). It is assumed that this behaviour is related to pair formation.[23]
Habitat[edit]
A common myna visits a home garden in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
This abundant passerine is typically found in open woodland, cultivation and around habitation. Although this is an adaptable species, its population has been decreasing significantly in Singapore and Malaysia (where it is locally called as gembala kerbau, literally 'buffalo shepherd') due to competition with its cousin, the introduced Javan myna.[24]
Urban success[edit]
The common myna thrives in urban and suburban environments; in Canberra, for instance, 110 common mynas were released between 1968 and 1971. By 1991, common myna population density in Canberra averaged 15 birds per square kilometer.[25] Only three years later, a second study found an average population density of 75 birds per square kilometer in the same area.[26]
The bird likely owes its success in the urban and suburban settings of Sydney and Canberra to its evolutionary origins; having evolved in the open woodlands of India, the common myna is pre-adapted to habitats with tall vertical structures and little to no vegetative ground cover,[27] features characteristic of city streets and urban nature preserves.
The common myna (along with European starlings, house sparrows, and feral rock pigeons) is a nuisance to city buildings; its nests block gutters and drainpipes, causing water damage to building exteriors.[28]
Invasive species[edit]
The IUCN declared this myna as one of only three birds among the world's 100 worst invasive species[3] (the other two birds being the red-vented bulbul and the European starling.) It has been introduced widely elsewhere, including adjacent areas in Southeast Asia, Madagascar,[29] the Middle East, South Africa, Madagascar, Israel, the United States, Argentina, Germany, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and various oceanic islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, including prominent populations in Fiji and Hawaii.[8][30]
The common myna is regarded as a pest in South Africa, North America, the Middle East, Australia, New Zealand and many Pacific islands. It is particularly problematic in Australia. Several methods have been tried to control the bird's numbers and protect native species.
Australia[edit]
In Sydney, Australia
In Australia, the common myna is an invasive pest. They are now often the predominant bird in urban areas all along the East coast. In a 2008 popular vote, the bird was named "The Most Important Pest/Problem" in Australia, also earning the nickname "flying rats" due to their scavenging resembling that of rats. Also known as the cane toad of the sky.[4]
The common myna was first introduced to Australia in Victoria between 1863 and 1872 into Melbourne’s market gardens to control insects. The bird is likely to have spread to New South Wales (where it is currently most populous) at around the same time, but documentation is uncertain.[31] The bird was later introduced to Queensland as a predator of grasshoppers and cane beetles. Currently, common myna populations in Australia are concentrated along the eastern coast around Sydney and its surrounding suburbs, with sparser populations in Victoria and a few isolated communities in Queensland.[32] During 2009 several municipal councils in New South Wales began trials of catching myna birds in an effort to reduce numbers.[33]
The bird can live and breed in a wide range of temperatures, ranging from the harsh winters of Canberra to the tropical climate of Cairns. Self-sustaining populations of common myna have been found in regions of mean warmest month temperature no less than 23.2 °C and mean coldest month temperature no less than -0.4 °C, implying that the common myna could potentially spread from Sydney northward along the eastern coast to Cairns and westward along the southern coast to Adelaide (though not to Tasmania, Darwin, or the arid interior regions).[34]
New Zealand[edit]
The Indian myna was introduced to both the North Island and South Island of New Zealand in the 1870s. However, the cooler summer temperatures in the South Island appear to have impeded the breeding success rate of the southern populations, preventing the proliferation of the species, which was largely non-existent there by the 1890s. In contrast, the North Island population was able to breed more successfully and large portions of the North Island are now populated. However, in the southern reaches of the North Island, the cooler summer temperatures, like those of the South Island, have prevented the establishment of large Indian myna populations.[35]
South Africa[edit]
In South Africa where it escaped into the wild in 1902, it has become very common and its distribution is greater where human populations are greater or where there is more human disturbance.[36] The bird is also notorious for being a pest, kicking other birds out of their nests and killing their young due to the myna's strong territorial instinct. In South Africa it is considered somewhat of a major pest and disturbance of the natural habitat; as a result, they are frequently shot and killed or poisoned by people in urban environments and farmers alike. Bylaws in South Africa pertaining to the protection of most animal species specifically exclude mynas from this protection.[citation needed]
Morphological studies show that the process of spatial sorting is at work on the range expansion of A. tristis in South Africa.[37] Dispersal-relevant traits are significantly correlated with distance from the range core, with strong sexual dimorphism, indicative of sex-biased dispersal. Morphological variations are significant in wing and head traits of females, suggesting females as the primary dispersing sex. In contrast, traits not related to dispersal such as those associated with foraging show no signs of spatial sorting but are significantly affected by environmental variables such as vegetation and intensity of urbanisation.
United States[edit]
In Hawaii it is out-competing a lot of the native birds for food and nesting area.
To study the invasion genetics and landscape-scale dynamics of A. tristis, scientists have recently developed 16 polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers [38] using the next generation sequencing (NGS) approach.
Effect on ecosystems and humans[edit]
Threat to native birds[edit]
The common myna is a hollow-nesting species; that is, it nests and breeds in protected hollows found either naturally in trees or artificially on buildings (for example, recessed windowsills or low eaves).[39] Compared to native hollow-nesting species, the common myna is extremely aggressive, and breeding males will actively defend areas ranging up to 0.83 hectares in size (though males in densely populated urban settings tend to only defend the area immediately surrounding their nests).[40]
This aggressiveness has enabled the common myna to displace many breeding pairs of native hollow-nesters, thereby reducing their reproductive success. In Australia, their aggressiveness has enabled them to chase native birds as large as galahs out of their nests.
The common myna is also known to maintain up to two roosts simultaneously; a temporary summer roost close to a breeding site (where the entire local male community sleeps during the summer, the period of highest aggression), and a permanent all-year roost where the female broods and incubates overnight. Both male and female common mynas will fiercely protect both roosts at all times, leading to further exclusion of native birds.[40]
Threat to crops and pasture[edit]
The common myna (which feeds mostly on ground-dwelling insects, tropical fruits such as grapes, plums and some berries and, in urban areas, discarded human food)[41] poses a serious threat to Australian blueberry crops, though its main threat is to native bird species.[42]
In Hawaii, where the common myna was introduced to control pest armyworms and cutworms in sugarcane crops, the bird has helped to spread the robust Lantana camara weed across the islands’ open grasslands.[43] It also has been recorded as the fourth-ranking avian pest in the fruit industry by a 2004 survey of the Hawaiian Farm Bureau and the sixth in number of complaints of avian pests overall.[44]
Mynas can cause considerable damage to ripening fruit, particularly grapes, but also figs, apples, pears, strawberries, blueberries, guava, mangoes and breadfruit. Cereal crops such as maize, wheat and rice are susceptible where they occur near urban areas. Roosting and nesting commensal with humans create aesthetic and health concerns. Mynas are known to carry avian malaria and exotic parasites such as the Ornithonyssus bursia mite which can cause dermatitis in humans. The myna can help spread agricultural weeds: for example, it spreads the seeds of Lantana camara which has been classed as a Weed of National Significance because of its invasiveness. Mynas are regularly observed to usurp nests and hollows, destroy the eggs and kill the young of native bird species including seabirds and parrots. There is evidence that Mynas have killed small land mammals such as mice, squirrels and possums, but further research on these occurrences are under consideration.[45]
In culture[edit]
The common myna widely appears under the name saarika in Indian culture from Vedic times, featuring both in classical Indian literature (Sanskrit) as well as in Prakrit Buddhist texts. The Sanskrit term shuksarika, which refers to the rose-ringed parakeet (shuk) and the common myna (saarika), is used to indicate a pair or a couple, probably because both birds are vocal and capable of mimicking human sound.[46]
In Sanskrit literature, the common myna has a number of names, most are descriptive of the appearance or behaviour of the bird. In addition to saarika, the names for the common myna include kalahapriya, which means "one who is fond of arguments" referring to the quarrelsome nature of this bird; chitranetra, meaning "picturesque eyes"; peetanetra (one with yellow eyes) and peetapaad (one with yellow legs).[47]
Gallery[edit]
Immature at nest, West Bengal
Captive Indian myna housed with Javan myna
Carrying nesting material
Common Myna at Morbi, Gujarat
Basking
Bathing in a rain water puddle
Spotted in Patiala
References[edit]
Jump up ^ BirdLife International (2012). "Acridotheres tristis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
Jump up ^ http://www.yimag.org.au/indian-myna-identification.html
^ Jump up to: a b c Lowe S., Browne M., Boudjelas S. and de Poorter M. (2000, updated 2004). 100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species: A selection from the Global Invasive Species Database. The Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG), a specialist group of the Species Survival Commission (SSC) of the World Conservation Union (IUCN), Auckland.
^ Jump up to: a b "ABC Wildwatch". Abc.net.au. Retrieved 2012-08-07.
Jump up ^ Rasmussen, PC & JC Anderton (2005). Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide. Vol 2. Smithsonian Institution & Lynx Edicions. p. 584.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k Ali, Salim; Ripley, S. Dillon (2001). Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan, Volume 5 (2 (paperback) ed.). India: Oxford University Press. p. 278. ISBN 0-19-565938-4.
^ Jump up to: a b Rasmussen, Pamela C.; Anderton, John C. (2005). Birds of South Asia - The Ripley Guide (volume 2). Smithsonian Institution, Washington & Lynx edicions, Barcelona. pp. 584, 683. ISBN 84-87334-66-0.
^ Jump up to: a b "Common Myna". Retrieved December 23, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Common Myna - Audubon Field Guide". Audubon. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Pande, Satish (2009). Latin names of Indian birds explained. Mumbai: Bombay Natural History Society and Oxford University Press. pp. 417, 506. ISBN 978-0-19-806625-5.
Jump up ^ Griffin, Andrea S. (2008). "Social learning in Indian mynahs, Acridotheres tristis: the role of distress calls". Animal Behaviour. 75 (1): 79–89. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.04.008.
^ Jump up to: a b Mahabal, Anil; Vaidya, V.G. (1989). "Diurnal rhythms and seasonal changes in the roosting behaviour of Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis (Linnaeus)". Proceedings of Indian Academy of Sciences (Animal Science). Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore. 98 (3): 199–209. doi:10.1007/BF03179646. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
Jump up ^ Choudhury A. (1998). "Common Myna feeding a fledgling koel". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 95 (1): 115.
Jump up ^ Mahabal, Anil (1991). "Activity-time budget of Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis (Linnaeus) during the breeding season". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. Bombay Natural History Society. 90 (1): 96–97. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
Jump up ^ Pande, Satish; Tambe, Saleel; Clement, Francis M; Sant, Niranjan (2003). Birds of Western Ghats, Kokan and Malabar (including birds of Goa). Mumbai: Bombay Natural History Society & Oxford University Press. pp. 312, 377. ISBN 0-19-566878-2.
Jump up ^ Lowe, Katie A.; Taylor, Charlotte E.; Major, Richard E. (2011-10-01). "Do Common Mynas significantly compete with native birds in urban environments?". Journal of Ornithology. 152 (4): 909–921. doi:10.1007/s10336-011-0674-5. ISSN 0021-8375.
Jump up ^ Mathew, DN; Narendran, TC; Zacharias, VJ (1978). "A comparative study of the feeding habits of certain species of Indian birds affecting agriculture". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 75 (4): 1178–1197.
Jump up ^ Mahabal, Anil; Bastawade, D.B. (1991). "Mixed roosting associates of Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis in Pune city, India". Pavo. Department of Zoology, Maharaja Sayajirao Gaikwad University, Vadodara. 29 (1 & 2): 23–32. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
Jump up ^ Mahabal, Anil (1992). "Diurnal intra- and inter-specific assemblages of Indian Mynas". Biovigyanam. Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science, Pune. 18 (2): 116–118. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
Jump up ^ Mahabal, Anil; Bastawade, D.B.; Vaidya, V.G. (1990). "Spatial and temporal fluctuations in the population of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Linnaeus) in and around an Indian City". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai. 87 (3): 392–398. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
Jump up ^ Mahabal, Anil (1993). "Seasonal changes in the flocking behaviour of Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis (Linnaeus)". Biovigyanam. Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science, Pune. 19 (1 & 2): 55–64. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
Jump up ^ Mahabal, Anil (1997). "Communal roosting in Common Mynas and its functional significanca". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai. 94 (2): 342–349. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
Jump up ^ Mahabal, Anil (1993). "Communal display behaviour of Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis (Linnaeus)". Pavo. Department of Zoology, Maharaja Sayajirao Gaikwad University, Vadodara. 31 (1&2): 45–54.
Jump up ^ "Ubiquitous Javan Myna". Bird Ecology Study Group, Nature Society (Singapore). Besgroup.blogspot.com. Retrieved October 25, 2007.
Jump up ^ Pell, A.S.; C.R. Tidemann (1997). "The Ecology of the Common Myna in Urban Nature Reserves in the Australian Capital Territory" (PDF). Emu. Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union. 97 (2): 141–149. doi:10.1071/MU97018.
Jump up ^ Pell 1997, p.146
Jump up ^ Pell 1997, p.141
Jump up ^ Bomford, M.; Ron Sinclair (2002). "Australian research on bird pests: impact, management and future directions" (PDF). Emu. Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union. 102: 35. doi:10.1071/MU01028.
Jump up ^ Wilme, Lucienne (1996). "Composition and characteristics of bird communities in Madagascar" (PDF). Biogéographie de Madagascar: 349–362.
Jump up ^ Long, John L. (1981). Introduced Birds of the World. Agricultural Protection Board of Western Australia, 21-493
Jump up ^ Hone, J. (1978). "Introduction and Spread of the Common Myna in New South Wales" (PDF). Emu. Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union. 78 (4): 227. doi:10.1071/MU9780227.
Jump up ^ Martin, W.K. (1996). "The Current and Potential Distribution of the Common Myna Acridotheres tristis in Australia" (PDF). Emu. Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union. 96 (3): 169–170. doi:10.1071/MU9960166.
Jump up ^ Vikki, By (2009-05-12). "Councils assessing backyard traps to catch Indian Mynah birds | thetelegraph.com.au". Dailytelegraph.com.au. Retrieved 2012-08-07.
Jump up ^ Martin 1996, pp.169–170
Jump up ^ http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/introduced-land-birds/page-9
Jump up ^ Derick S. Peacock; Berndt J. van Rensburg & Mark P. Robertson (2007). "The distribution and spread of the invasive alien Common Myna, Acridotheres tristis L. (Aves: Sturnidae), in southern Africa". South African Journal of Science. 103: 465–473.
Jump up ^ Berthouly-Salazar, C.; van Rensburg, B.J.; van Vuuren, B.J.; Hui, C. (2012). "Spatial sorting drives morphological variation in the invasive bird, Acridotheres tristis". PLoS ONE. 7 (5): e38145. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038145.
Jump up ^ Berthouly-Salazar, C.; Cassey, P.; van Vuuren, B.J.; van Rensburg, B.J.; Hui, C.; le Roux, J.J. (2012). "Development and characterization of 13 new, and cross amplification of 3, polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci in the Common myna (Acridotheres tristis)". Conservation Genetics Resources. 4: 621–624. doi:10.1007/s12686-012-9607-8.
Jump up ^ Bomford 2002, p.34
^ Jump up to: a b Pell 1997, p.148
Jump up ^ Pell 1997, p.147
Jump up ^ Bomford 2002, p.30
Jump up ^ Pimentel, D.; Lori Lach; Rodolfo Zuniga; Doug Morrison (January 2000). "Environmental and Economic Costs of Nonindigenous Species in the United States". BioScience. American Institute of Biological Sciences. 50 (1): 53–56. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2000)050[0053:EAECON]2.3.CO;2.
Jump up ^ Koopman, ME & W C Pitt (2007). "Crop diversification leads to diverse bird problems in Hawaiian agriculture" (PDF). Human–Wildlife Conflicts. 1 (2): 235–243.
Jump up ^ https://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/biosecurity/vertebrate-pests/pest-animals-in-nsw/pest-birds/myna-birds
Jump up ^ Pande, Dr Suruchi. (2007). Some reflections on birds in Sanskrit literature. (A Thesis submitted for the degree of Vidyavachaspati (PhD) (Sanskrit) awarded from Shri Balmukund Lohiya Centre of Sanskrit and Indological Studies, Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth, Pune).
Jump up ^ Dave, K. N. (2005). Birds in Sanskrit Literature (revised ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Private Ltd. pp. 468, 516. ISBN 81-208-1842-3.
Further reading[edit]
Feare, Chris; Craig, Adrian (1999). Starlings and Mynas. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-7136-3961-X.
Grimmett, Inskipp and Inskipp, Birds of India ISBN 0-691-04910-6
Pell, A.S. & Tidemann, C.R. (1997) "The impact of two exotic hollow-nesting birds on two native parrots in savannah and woodland in eastern Australia", Biological Conservation, 79, 145-153. A study showing native birds being excluded from up to 80% of nesting sites in Canberra, Australia.
External links[edit]
Common Myna videos, photos & sounds on the Internet Bird Collection
(Indian Myna =) Common Myna - Species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds.
Indian Myna Control Handbook
"Acridotheres tristis". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 23 February 2009.
Common Myna video on Wild Sri Lanka
ANU Indian Common Myna page about mynas as an invasive species in Australia and what can be done to control them
Taxon identifiers
Wd: Q116667
ADW: Acridotheres_tristis
ARKive: acridotheres-tristis
eBird: commyn
EoL: 1178476
EPPO: ACRHTR
Fauna Europaea: 97249
GBIF: 2489005
iNaturalist: 204454
ITIS: 554025
IUCN: 22710921
NCBI: 279927
NZOR: 19c7edfa-9ef8-443d-afcd-60926519bbfa
uBio: 2332984
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Common_myna&oldid=838420824"
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text:
Timeline of the flag of the United States
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2007) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
1776 January 1 – The Continental Colours designed during 1775, is displayed at the camp of the commanding General George Washington of Virginia over the Continental Army Revolutionary/Rebel forces in the American Revolutionary War at Prospect Hill, north of Cambridge and Boston, Massachusetts during the Siege of Boston. It has 13 alternate red and white stripes representing the original Thirteen Colonies and the British Union Jack flag, in a square in the upper left-hand corner.[1]
1776 May – A popular legend promulgated by the descendants of Betsy Ross, of Philadelphia, during the 1870s, over a century later, holds that the seamstress sewed the first American flag. The claim is widely discredited by researchers/historians.[2]
1777 June 14 – Continental Congress adopts the following: "Resolved, That the flag of the thirteen United States be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field, representing a new constellation."[3]
1787 Captain Robert Gray carries the flag around the world on his sailing vessel (around the tip of South America, to China, and beyond).
1795 Flag with 15 stars and 15 stripes designed - often with unique red stripe under the blue field /canton (added Vermont, Kentucky to the original Thirteen Colonies stars)
1814 September 14 – Francis Scott Key writes the four stanza poem "The Star-Spangled Banner". It officially becomes the U.S.A. national anthem in 1931. The unique 15 - star, 15 - stripe design with a red stripe under the blue canton with stars (used 1795-1818) of the huge flag made by Mary Young Pickersgill later seen by Key flying over Fort McHenry outside Baltimore in September 1814 during the Battle of Baltimore in a British land/sea attack becomes known as the "Star Spangled Banner Flag".
1818 Flag with 20 stars and returned to the 13 stripes design of alternating red and white colors of 1777. It remains at 13 stripes hereafter to the present with only stars added for additional states admitted to the Union, on next following Independence Day, Fourth of July. (Tennessee(1796), Ohio (1803), Louisiana (1812), Indiana (1816}, Mississippi (1817) added from previous years).
1819 Flag with 21 stars (Illinois)
1820 Flag with 23 stars (Alabama, Maine) first flag on Pikes Peak, (located in future Colorado)
1822 Flag with 24 stars (Missouri)
1836 Flag with 25 stars (Arkansas)
1837 Flag with 26 stars (Michigan)
1845 Flag with 27 stars (Florida)
1846 Flag with 28 stars (Texas)
1847 Flag with 29 stars (Iowa)
1848 Flag with 30 stars (Wisconsin)
1851 Flag with 31 stars (California)
1858 Flag with 32 stars (Minnesota)
1859 Flag with 33 stars (Oregon)
1861 Flag with 34 stars; (Kansas) Note: Even after the Southern states seceded from the Union, establishing the Confederate States of America, 16th President Abraham Lincoln would not allow any star to be removed from the American flag. • First First National Flag of the Confederacy (nicknamed "The Stars and Bars") adopted by provisional government in temporary capital in Montgomery, Alabama
1863 Flag with 35 stars (West Virginia western counties withdrew from seceded Virginia)
1865 Flag with 36 stars (Nevada)
1867 Flag with 37 stars (Nebraska)
1869 First flag on a U.S. postage stamp
1876 Flag with 38 stars (Colorado)
1889 Flag with 39 stars that never was. Flag manufacturers mistakenly believed that the two Dakotas would be admitted instead as one state and so manufactured this flag, some of which still exist. It was never an official flag.
1890 Flag with 43 stars (North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Washington, Idaho)
1891 Flag with 44 stars (Wyoming)
1892 "Pledge of Allegiance" first published in a magazine called "The Youth's Companion", written by Francis Bellamy. Revised in 1954.
1896 Flag with 45 stars (Utah)
1897 Adoption of State Flag Desecration Statutes – By the late 1800s an organized flag protection movement was born in reaction to perceived commercial and political misuse of the flag. After supporters failed to obtain federal legislation, Illinois, Pennsylvania, and South Dakota became the first States to adopt flag desecration statutes. By 1932, all of the States had adopted flag desecration laws. In general, these State laws outlawed: (i) placing any kind of marking on the flag, whether for commercial, political, or other purposes; (ii) using the flag in any form of advertising; and (iii) publicly mutilating, trampling, defacing, defiling, defying or casting contempt, either by words or by act, upon the flag. Under the model flag desecration law, the term "flag" was defined to include any flag, standard, ensign, or color, or any representation of such made of any substance whatsoever and of any size that evidently purported to be said flag or a picture or representation thereof, upon which shall be shown the colors, the stars and stripes in any number, or by which the person seeing the same without deliberation may believe the same to represent the flag of the U.S.
1907 Halter v. Nebraska (205 U.S. 34) – The U.S. Supreme Court held that although the flag was a federal creation, the States' had the authority to promulgate flag desecration laws under their general police power to safeguard public safety and welfare. Halter involved a conviction of two businessmen selling "Stars and Stripes" brand beer with representations of the U.S. flag affixed to the labels. The defendants did not raise any constitutional First Amendment claim.
1908 Flag with 46 stars (Oklahoma)
1909 Explorer Robert Peary places the flag his wife sewed atop the North Pole. He left pieces of another flag along the way. He was never censured for his action.
1912 Flag with 48 stars (New Mexico, Arizona) completing "Lower 48" continental U.S.A. Becomes longest serving flag of 48 years 1912-1960, until later 50-star flag surpasses in 2008.
1931 Stromberg v. California (283 U.S. 359) – The Supreme Court found that a State statute prohibiting the display of a "red flag" as a sign of opposition to organized government unconstitutionally infringed on the defendant's First Amendment rights. Stromberg represented the Court's first declaration that "symbolic speech" was protected by the First Amendment.
1942 Federal Flag Code (36 U.S.C. 171 et seq.) – On June 22, 1942, 32nd President Franklin D. Roosevelt approved the Federal Flag Code, providing for uniform guidelines for the display and respect shown to the flag. The Flag Code does not prescribe any penalties for non-compliance nor does it include any enforcement provisions, rather it functions simply as a guide for voluntary civilian compliance.
1943 West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette (319 U.S. 624) – The Supreme Court held that public school children could not be compelled to salute the U.S. flag. In a now famous passage, Justice Robert Jackson highlighted the importance of freedom of expression under the First Amendment: Freedom to differ is not limited to things that do not matter much. That would be a mere shadow of freedom. The test of its substance is the right to differ as to things that touch the heart of the existing order. If there is any fixed star in our constitutional constellation it is that no official, high or petty, can prescribe what shall be orthodox in politics, nationalism, religion or other matters of opinion.
1945 The flag that flew over Pearl Harbor naval base in Hawaii on Sunday, December 7, 1941, is flown over the White House on August 14, 1945, "V-J Day" when the Japanese accepted surrender terms.
1949 August 3 – 34th President Harry Truman signs bill requesting the President call for a Flag Day (June 14th) observance each year by proclamation.
1954 By act of Congress, the words "Under God" are inserted into the Pledge of Allegiance
1959 Flag with 49 stars (Alaska)
1960 Flag with 50 stars (Hawaii)
1963 American Flag placed on top of Mount Everest in Himalayas Mountains in Nepal (tallest in the world), by Barry Bishop.
1968 Adoption of Federal Flag Desecration Law (18 U.S.C. 700 et seq.) – Congress approved the first federal flag desecration law in the wake of a highly publicized Central Park flag burning incident in New York City in protest of the Vietnam War. The federal law made it illegal to "knowingly" cast "contempt" upon "any flag of the United States by publicly mutilating, defacing, defiling, burning or trampling upon it." The law defined flag in an expansive manner similar to most States.
1969 July 20 – Astronauts Neil Armstrong with Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin of Apollo 11 places the American flag on the Moon at "Tranquillity Base".
1969 Street v. New York (394 U.S. 576) – The Supreme Court held that New York State could not convict a person based on his verbal remarks disparaging the flag. Street was arrested after he learned of the shooting of civil rights leader James Meredith and reacted by burning his own flag and exclaiming to a small crowd that if the government could allow Meredith to be killed, "we don't need no damn flag." The Court avoided deciding whether flag burning was protected by the First Amendment, and instead overturned the conviction based on Street's oral remarks. In Street, the Court found there was not a sufficient governmental interest to warrant regulating verbal criticism of the flag.
1972 Smith v. Goguen (415 U.S. 94) – The Supreme Court held that Massachusetts could not prosecute a person for wearing a small cloth replica of the flag on the seat of his pants based on a State law making it a crime to publicly treat the flag of the United States with "contempt". The Massachusetts statute was held to be unconstitutionally "void for vagueness."
1974 Spence v. Washington (418 U.S. 405) – The Supreme Court held that the State of Washington could not convict a person for attaching removable tape in the form of a peace sign to a flag. The defendant had attached the tape to his flag and draped it outside of his window in protest of the 1970 U.S. invasion of Cambodia and the Kent State killings. The Court again found under the First Amendment there was not a sufficient governmental interest to justify regulating this form of symbolic speech. Although not a flag burning case, this represented the first time the Court had clearly stated that protest involving the physical use of the flag should be seen as a form of protected expression under the First Amendment.
1970–1980 Revision of State Flag Desecration Statutes – During this period legislatures in some 20 States narrowed the scope of their flag desecration laws in an effort to conform to perceived Constitutional restrictions under the Street, Smith, and Spence cases and to more generally parallel the Federal Law (i.e., focusing more specifically on mutilation and other forms of physical desecration, rather than verbal abuse or commercial or political misuse).
1989 Texas v. Johnson (491 U.S. 397) – The Supreme Court upheld the Texas Court of Criminal appeals finding that Texas law – making it a crime to "desecrate" or otherwise "mistreat" the flag in a way the "actor knows will seriously offend one or more persons" – was unconstitutional as applied. This was the first time the Supreme Court had directly considered the applicability of the First Amendment to flag burning. Gregory Johnson, a member of the Revolutionary Communist Party, was arrested during a demonstration outside of the 1984 Republican National Convention in Dallas after he set fire to a flag while protesters chanted "America, the red, white, and blue, we spit on you." In a 5–4 decision authored by Justice William Brennan, the Court first found that burning the flag was a form of symbolic speech subject to protection under the First Amendment. The Court also determined that under United States v. O'Brien, 391 U.S. 367 (1968), since the State law was related to the suppression of freedom of expression, the conviction could only be upheld if Texas could demonstrate a "compelling" interest in its law. The Court next found that Texas' asserted interest in "protecting the peace" was not implicated under the facts of the case. Finally, while the Court acknowledged that Texas had a legitimate interest in preserving the flag as a "symbol of national unity", this interest was not sufficiently compelling to justify a "content based" legal restriction (i.e., the law was not based on protecting the physical integrity of the flag in all circumstances, but was designed to protect it from symbolic protest likely to cause offense to others).
1989 Revision of Federal Flag Desecration Statute – Pursuant to the Flag Protection Act of 1989, Congress amended the 1968 federal flag desecration statute in an effort to make it "content neutral" and conform to the Constitutional requirements of the Johnson case. As a result, the 1989 Act sought to prohibit flag desecration under all circumstances by deleting the statutory requirement that the conduct cast contempt upon the flag and narrowing the definition of the term "flag" so that its meaning was not based on the observation of third parties.
1990 - United States v. Eichman (496 U.S. 310) – Passage of the Flag Protection Act of 1989 resulted in a number of flag burning incidents protesting the new law. The Supreme Court overturned several flag burning convictions brought under the Flag Protection Act. The Court held that notwithstanding Congress' effort to adopt a more content neutral law, the federal law continued to be principally aimed at limiting symbolic speech.
1990 - Rejection of Constitutional Amendment – Following the Eichman decision, Congress considered and rejected a Constitutional Amendment specifying that "the Congress and the States have the power to prohibit the physical desecration of the flag of the United States." The amendment failed to muster the necessary two-thirds Congressional majorities, as it was supported by only a 254 – 177 margin in the House (290 votes were necessary) and a 58 – 42 margin in the Senate (67 votes were necessary).
1995 – The Flag Desecration Constitutional Amendment is narrowly defeated in the U.S. Senate. The Amendment to the Constitution would make burning the flag a punishable crime.
2005 - U.S. House of Representatives passes a new flag desecration constitutional amendment
2006 – U.S. Senate rejects new constitutional amendment
2007 - The longevity in years used of the present 50-star flag is now tied with that of the 48-star flag, both having experienced 47 years of continuous use.[citation needed] After this date, the 50-star flag became the longest-used version of the Flag of the United States of America.
See also[edit]
Book: Flags of the United States
Flag Acts (United States)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Congress, Joint Committee on Printing (1989). Our Flag. Darby, PA: Diane Pub Co. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-7881-0219-6.
Jump up ^ Marc Leepson, "Five myths about the American flag", The Washington Post, June 12, 2011, p. B2.
Jump up ^ "Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774–1789, 8:464".
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Come Fly with Me (2010 TV series)
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Come Fly with Me
Title card
Genre
Comedy, mockumentary
Created by
Matt Lucas
David Walliams
Written by
Matt Lucas
David Walliams
Kevin Cecil
Andy Riley
Directed by
Paul King
Starring
Matt Lucas
David Walliams
Narrated by
Lindsay Duncan
Composer(s)
David Arnold
Country of origin
United Kingdom
Original language(s)
English
No. of series
1
No. of episodes
6 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Mark Freeland
Geoff Posner
Producer(s)
Adam Tandy
Editor(s)
Ant Boys
Mark Everson
Running time
28 minutes
Production company(s)
Little Britain Productions
BBC Productions
Distributor
2entertain (BBC DVD)
BBC
Release
Original network
BBC One & BBC One HD
Picture format
1080i (HDTV)
Audio format
Dolby Digital 5.1 Surround Sound
Original release
25 December 2010 – 27 January 2011
Chronology
Related shows
Little Britain
Airport
Luton Airport
Airline
External links
Official website
Come Fly with Me is a British mockumentary television comedy series created by and starring Matt Lucas and David Walliams. Narrated by Lindsay Duncan, the series launched on 25 December 2010 on BBC One and BBC One HD. A spoof of British documentaries Airport and Airline, the series follows the activity at a fictional airport and three fictional airlines: FlyLo (a low cost airline), Our Lady Air (an Irish low cost airline) and Great British Air (a major international British airline).
Lucas and Walliams portray many of the focal airline and airport staff, as well as some passengers, whose comments and experiences are featured in one or more of the series episodes in the style of a "fly on the wall documentary". Despite the BBC announcing a second series, Walliams confirmed in January 2013 that a second series was not going to air.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Production
2 Airlines
3 Characters
3.1 Main characters
3.2 Additional characters
4 Episodes
4.1 Series One (2010–11)
4.2 Come Fly on the Wall (2011)
4.3 Cancellation
5 DVD and Blu-ray release
6 Web content
7 Reception
8 Ratings
9 International versions
10 References
11 External links
Production[edit]
In June 2010, it was announced that Little Britain stars Lucas and Walliams had reunited to star in a new comedy series set in an airport, a spoof of British documentaries Airport and Airline.[2][3] Filming for Come Fly with Me began in August, with the duo spending two weeks at Robin Hood Airport Doncaster Sheffield.[4][5]
A further three weeks were spent filming at London Stansted Airport,[6] with further weeks of filming at Pinewood Studios. A 'making of' documentary titled Come Fly on the Wall aired on BBC One on 8 February 2011.[7] On 28 January 2011, the BBC announced it had commissioned a second series.[8][9] However, Walliams confirmed in January 2013 that a second series was not going to air.
Airlines[edit]
FlyLo is a low cost, no frills airline owned by Omar Baba. Providing service across Europe and selected destinations across the Atlantic and South East Asia, it uses many hidden charges and unorthodox schemes in order to cut costs. These include £1 flights to New York City (with a £480 booking fee), upright flatbeds in economy class, and a very small hand baggage allowance. FlyLo also offers budget package holidays that do not go down very well with its passengers.
Our Lady Air is an Irish low cost airline, providing low cost routes across Europe. It saves money by flying to airports further away from the actual city centre, such as landing a flight to Barcelona in Ireland. Our Lady Air offers business class; in-flight meals; and no hidden charges.
Great British Air (Callsign: Swiftbird) is a major British flag carrier airline, providing a high class service around the world from the United Kingdom. The airline is renowned for having the finest first class service in the world, with champagne and chocolates on boarding, and well cooked meals on long haul flights. On short haul flights, both first and economy class passengers are given a small glass of fresh orange juice and a complimentary browse of The Daily Mail.
Characters[edit]
Main characters[edit]
Omar Baba (Walliams) – The double chinned, flamboyantly asinine Arab owner of low cost airline FlyLo. Baba is parody of the controversial Greek "low cost flying" entrepreneur, Stelios Haji-Ioannou (the founder of British low cost airline Easyjet).[10]
Precious Little (Lucas) – A Jamaican woman in her 50s who professes to be a devout Christian, she is the manager of the airport's coffee kiosk. Precious deliberately causes problems that force the closure of the kiosk, allowing her to take the day off. Her main catchphrase is shouting "Praise the Lord!"
Moses Beacon (Walliams) – The gushing, effeminate executive passenger liaison officer for Great British Air. Moses also runs a charity called WishWings. His catch phrase is "if you'll pardon the pun," although there is usually no pun.
Ian Foot (Walliams) – The pompous, racist and bigoted chief immigration officer, who often comes up with ridiculous reasons not to allow a foreign person into the country.[11]
Tommy Reid (Lucas) – A young, obtuse Scottish man working at Happy Burger, one of the airport's fast-food eateries. He hopes to work his way up to becoming a pilot, happily unaware that the two jobs are completely unrelated.
Taaj Manzoor (Lucas) – Taaj is a young British man of Pakistani descent who works as part of the roving ground crew for FlyLo. He sports a shaved head and a chin curtain beard.
Melody Baines (Walliams) and Keeley St Clair (Lucas) – Two snarky Liverpudlian check in girls for FlyLo. Later on in the series, the girls fight for the position of check-in manager and it is later revealed that Keeley got the job.
Mickey Minchin (Lucas) and Buster Bell (Walliams) – Mickey and Buster are two shaggy paparazzi who haunt the airport's hallways, constantly messing up in their photo-shooting activities.
Fearghal O'Farrell (Lucas) – A gay Northern Irish air steward for Irish airline Our Lady Air, who leads a destructive campaign in order to become Employee of the Year.
Ben Roberts (Walliams) and James Stewart (Lucas) – Two British airport customs officers, with rather extreme methods of cataloguing the illegal substances they find, such as sampling drugs.
Simon (Lucas) and Jackie Trent (Walliams) – A husband and wife pilot team, flying for Great British Air. Jackie constantly brings up the fact that Simon committed adultery with a stewardess (the reason they now fly together).
Peter (Lucas) and Judith Surname (Walliams) – Holiday makers who have suffered several horrific and surrealistic trips abroad after buying destination packages from FlyLo. "The holiday from Hell!". Judith's husband, Peter, is forced to take a subordinate stance to Judith's overbearing personality.
Penny Carter (Walliams) – A very elitist first-class stewardess for Great British Air's long haul flights who despises people who aren't first class who have first class tickets.
Terry (Walliams) and John (Lucas) – Father-and-son baggage handlers, who steal from passengers' luggage and are generally less than careful with it.
Helen Baker (Sally Rogers) – The check in staff manager for FlyLo who later goes on maternity leave.
Lisa (Pippa Bennett-Warner) – Check in staff for FlyLo. She receives several complaints from regular FlyLo passengers, Peter and Judith.
Additional characters[edit]
Hetty Wolf (Lucas) – A 92-year-old passenger, who pretends to be on her first flight, who scams Moses Beacon into buying her a number of luxuries and getting her a seat in First Class, before revealing she has flown many times before. (Appears in: Episode 1)
Sue (Lucas) and Geoff Stott (Walliams) – A couple who are flying to Disneyland to get married. (Appear in: Episode 1)
Asuka and Nanako (Walliams & Lucas) – Two Japanese girls who have flown to the airport to see their idol, Martin Clunes. (Appear in: Episode 1)
Mrs. Mumbutu (Ellen Thomas) - Liberian passenger whom Ian accuses of making up her country. (Appears in: Episode 2)
Anthony (Walliams) – The supervisor is there to help Tommy serve his first customer at Happy Burger
Lee Lodge (Walliams) – Trainee steward for Our Lady Air. He has a girlfriend and is heterosexual, but has homosexual intercourse with Fearghal O'Farrell whilst in a hotel in Dublin (Appears in: Episode 2)
Captain Stirrick (Ted Robbins) – A drunk airline pilot who causes a commotion. (Appears in: Episode 2)
David Schwimmer (Himself) – Stopped by Customs whilst trying to smuggle transsexual porno DVDs into the UK, initially blaming it on fellow Friends star Matt LeBlanc, before then blaming it on Jennifer Aniston. (Appears in: Episode 2)
Mr Akhmed (Stewart Scudamore) – A Muslim passenger that orders the halal meal option on the flight to Rome, but instead was given the kosher meal (intended for a Jewish passenger) by Fearghal. (Appears in: Episode 3).
Rupert Grint (Himself) – Taaj gives Rupert his script for Future Cop 2000 when meeting him whilst he disembarked the plane from Los Angeles. Taaj asks Grint to pass it on to Daniel Radcliffe. (Appears in: Episode 3).
The Woods Family – A family who turn up for their flight a week early. They stay at the airport for a week, then end up missing their flight. (Appears in: Episode 4)
Kenneth (Lucas) – A border-patrol worker who instantly recognizes Ian Foot in disguise. (Appears in: Episode 4)
Steve Downes (Lucas) – A police dog handler whose previous canine companions have mostly ended up in rehab. His current drug sniffer dog is called Bobo. (Appears in: Episode 5)
George Spires (Lucas) – A Welsh toilet cleaner who is a fan of opera singing, and sings to the people who come in. (Appears in: Episode 5)
Colin (Walliams) and Gavin (Lucas) – Battle re enactors who are not allowed to take swords to a re-enactment of the Battle of Agincourt; Colin later says he has killed only three people in the trade. (Appear in: Episode 5)
Nut Allergy Passenger (Alex MacQueen) – A passenger of Our Lady Air who suffers from a nut allergy. Fearghal 'saves' him from dying. (He [Fearghal] had induced the reaction himself by discreetly dropping a handful of hot nuts into his mouth on his way past, in order to appear heroic.) (Appear in: Episode 5)
Corinne Oliver (Walliams) – The airport's officer of Special Needs. She is disabled herself and is pushed around by her helper, Bob (Lucas). (Appears in: Episode 6)
Bob (Lucas) – Corrine Oliver's wheelchair pusher. (Appears in: Episode 6)
Flying School Instructor (Walliams) – Employee for the BAC, who interviews Tommy Reid for the chance to become a pilot. (Appears in: Episode 6)
Ray (Walliams) and Anne Wilkins (Lucas) – Owners of the airport pub. They are known to chase departing customers through the airport in a bid for someone to stay 'more than twelve minutes'. (Appear in: Episode 6)
Mary O'Mara (Aisling Bea) – Air stewardess for Irish airline Our Lady Air, who wins the Steward Of The Year title in a draw with Fearghal O'Farrell. (Appears in: Episode 6)
Dale Winton (Himself) – Winton hosts Our Lady Air's annual Steward of the year competition. (Appears in: Episode 6)
Mr Dubrowski (Valentine Pelka) – The Polish ambassador to the United Kingdom, whom Ian Foot accuses of working illegally in the United Kingdom, because he is Polish.
Episodes[edit]
Series One (2010–11)[edit]
Series One of Come Fly with Me began airing on Christmas Day 2010, and received mixed reviews from critics, and viewers over 12.47 million.[12] Episode Two, which aired on New Year's Day 2011, gained viewers over 8.80 million,[13] and the remaining four episodes averaged around seven million viewers throughout the rest of the series.[14][15][16][17]
The series began airing in the United States on BBC America on 18 June 2011, edited to fit a thirty-minute time slot with commercials.[18]
No.
Episode title
Directed by
Original air date
Production code
United Kingdom Viewers (millions)
1
"Episode 1" Paul King 25 December 2010 (2010-12-25) 101 12.47
Omar Baba responds to criticism of FlyLo's safety practices while husband-and-wife pilots Simon and Jackie argue about flying together, and Simon's affair. Moses Beacon is tasked with explaining to a first-class passenger that her dog has died in-flight after a heating malfunction in the cargo hold caused it to freeze to death, and later finds himself charged with escorting Hetty Wolf, a 92-year old German woman who claims she has never flown before. She scams Moses into buying her many luxury items that she says are presents for her grandson in Florida, whom she is going to visit, as well as upgrading her seat to first class. Just as she is boarding the plane, Hetty reveals to Moses that she has actually flown many times, angering Moses.
A man that doesn't work at the airport is caught 'patting down' the passengers. Ian Foot investigates a case of an elderly gentleman attempting to enter the country using the passport of a 12-year-old girl. Taaj Manzoor describes his duties on an airport buggy, which he sees as a chick magnet.
Melody and Keeley learn that there may be a supervisor's opening. Mickey and Buster attempt to get a photograph of Geri Halliwell but miss her after doing a rendition of Spice Girls songs. Fearghal assists a young mother by putting her three month old baby in the overhead locker. Precious Little closes The Coffee Hut early after claiming it has run out of coffee, then does her shopping at the airport. Sue and Geoff Stott check in for their flight to Disneyland California, and Sue talks about her love for Disney. Asuka and Nanako try to catch a glimpse of Martin Clunes returning, but he finds out they are waiting for him, and has the plane diverted to RAF Northolt.
2
"Episode 2" Paul King 1 January 2011 (2011-01-01) 102 8.80
Omar Baba reveals Flylo's latest schemes: flights to New York for £1 with a big catch, and upright "flat" beds in coach. Moses Beacon attempts to help a nervous passenger, but only worries her more by telling her statistics about plane accidents. Ian Foot detains a woman with a "suspicious" passport, believing Liberia is not an actual country. Taaj Manzoor must diplomatically tell passengers that their flight is delayed when a wing falls off the plane.
Melody must enforce FlyLo's new baggage allowances and Keeley acquaints a passenger with the company website. Mickey and Buster receive a tip-off that Queen Elizabeth II is at the airport. Fearghal works with trainee steward Lee Lodge. Tommy has ambitions to be a pilot, and tries to work his way up from the airport burger bar.
Precious Little closes her stall early claiming that there are no paper cups, and spends the day playing the fruit machines with petty cash. Peter and Judith describe their FlyLo Holidays 'cruise from hell'. First Officer Jackie flirts with a member of air-traffic control, annoying Simon. Captain Stirrick is arrested for being drunk. Ben and James detain David Schwimmer for bringing illegal transsexual pornographic DVDs into the United Kingdom, whom he makes up that they are for his Friends co star Matt LeBlanc.
3
"Episode 3" Paul King 6 January 2011 (2011-01-06) 103 7.81
Omar Baba creates a new FlyLo advert with dwarves in after reports that there is no leg room. Flylo ground crew Taaj Manzoor bumps into Harry Potter actor Rupert Grint, and tries to show him his movie script. Customs Officers Roberts and Stewart try to work out what to do with a truly massive drugs haul. Ian Foot road tests his new board game 'Keep Em Out'. We also meet Penny, Great British Air's snobbiest employee, as she attempts to throw some people she deems unworthy to use the cabin out for First Class.
Meanwhile, Precious has got fake nails which are too long for her so she cannot grip onto anything and is forced to close the coffee shop early. She then uses a wheelchair when she has her toes done. Peter and Judith remember another of their 'holidays from hell' that included there being no hotel, and Peter getting an upset stomach. Pilots Simon and Jackie are going on different flights, so Jackie's mum accompanies Simon on his flight to Las Vegas. Moses tells us about his charity WishWings, but then jets off to Mykonos, saying that he will call the ill child when there.
4
"Episode 4" Paul King 13 January 2011 (2011-01-13) 104 7.43
Melody and Keeley deal with a large man, and end up giving him two separate seats on the plane. Omar Baba goes green by planting a single tree on a roundabout, but insults Daybreak in the process. Baba also shows us inside the new FlyLo 'Loveatory'. Peter and Judith's next 'Holiday from Hell' ended with Peter facing a twelve year minimum prison sentence.
The stewardess that Simon had an affair with acts as cabin crew on Jackie and Simon's latest flight. Moses is challenged with a Chinese man, and tries to get Barbara Windsor to have him knighted. The water in Precious' coffee stall has mysteriously been cut off, so she has to close the stall early, and decides to go and see Dirty Dancing with her sisters. The plumber then fixes the pipe, annoying Precious.
Penny is delighted when she finds out that Princess Anne will be travelling with Great British Air, but is not so delighted when she meets up with a representative of the Royal Family to discuss her requirements. Tommy tries to ask Melody out on a date, but ends up accidentally buying tickets to Prague. Ian Foot dresses up as the type of people that try to enter the country, including South American, Scotsmen and Lady Gaga. The Woods family have their flight booked in for the next week instead of when they thought, so they stay at the airport for that time. In the end, it turns out that they miss their flight.
5
"Episode 5" Paul King 20 January 2011 (2011-01-20) 107 7.11
Taaj reveals to some disgruntled passengers that their plane departed an hour before, and Mickey and Buster go their separate ways when Buster loses his photographic license. Fearghal force feeds an allergic passenger nuts to allow him to administer a life saving injection and appear a hero, in an attempt to win the title of Steward of the Year. Police dog handler Steve Downes reveals the history of his previous dogs, that usually ended up with them going into rehab with drug addictions.
Battle re enactors Colin and Gavin are furious with Francoise when they are disallowed to bring their swords to a reenactment of the Battle of Agincourt, and baggage handler John believes he has psychic powers. Ian Foot does a spot check on Taaj Manzoor. Omar Baba denies sexually harassing Helen, Melody and Taaj, so he calls Keeley to come to the rescue at a press conference.
Peter and Judith talk about their most recent 'holiday from hell', which included being trapped in the Andes, and barbecuing Peter's leg. Moses meets Anna Friel, who reveals she is bald. Moses tries to find replacements for her lost wig. George Spires sings opera to frightened users of the toilet. Mickey and Buster make up again, and it is revealed that Keeley has been given the role of check in manager.
6
"Episode 6" Paul King 27 January 2011 (2011-01-27) 106 7.22
Keeley is the only one who is left at the check in desk, because she is now check-in manager and other FlyLo crew members are on strike. Ian Foot gets suspended after interviewing (and insulting) the Polish Ambassador for the United Kingdom. Moses is collecting for charity, and shows us his charity video for Flying Without Wings, but collapses after blowing up a balloon.
Tommy attends flying school to try to be a pilot, but fails due to his lack of experience as well as revealing he has a fear of flying. He then resigns from Happy Burger, walking through the airport in just his underpants after handing the uniform back and tells of his new ambitions to become a spaceman. Fearghal is nominated for the Steward of the Year award, hosted by Dale Winton, but after winning it in a tie, and having an enormous strop, he gets fired from Our Lady Air.
On a Great British Air flight to Orlando, Penny settles in for a relaxing flight with no First Class passengers, but to her irritation, she is made to work in economy. Omar fires all his staff after the strike, and replaces them with Vietnamese children. Judith and Peter have another 'Holiday from Hell', and are disgusted to find because of the FlyLo strike, there is nobody manning the complaints desk, except Peter goes back to the island where they practised Voodoo art.
Precious finally has all the supplies for the coffee hut, but closes early because there were no customers, and eager bar owners chase after people after leaving the bar during their pub quiz. In special services, wheelchair user Corinne Oliver looks after other wheelchair users and is pushed round by helper Bob. Bob then hurts his back and also has to take to a wheelchair. This creates a train of wheelchair users pushing each other around.
Come Fly on the Wall (2011)[edit]
Come Fly on the Wall discussed the making of Come Fly with Me with Walliams and Lucas. The programme featured clips from filming, outtakes and interviews with the show's creators as they developed the series. It featured pre production discussions and rehearsals, and showed the actors filming at some of the United Kingdom’s busiest airports. It also showed Walliams and Lucas transforming into their new characters in the make up chair, and bringing them to life in front of the camera.
The programme was broadcast on BBC One on 8 February 2011.[19][20]
Cancellation[edit]
On 28 January 2011, the BBC announced that the show had been commissioned for a second series. The new series was set to air during 2013. However, in January 2013, Walliams confirmed that a second series would not air, stating that Lucas did not wish to continue the show.[21][22]
DVD and Blu-ray release[edit]
DVD/Blu-ray Title
Discs
Year
Episodes
Release dates
Region 1
Region 2
Region 4
Blu-ray Region B
Complete Series 1 2 2010–11 6 13 March 2012[23] 21 November 2011[24] 24 November 2011[25] 21 November 2011[26]
(Region Free)
Web content[edit]
In conjunction with the television episodes, a selection of extra online content was published on the programme website.[27] The extra content, featuring some of the main characters played by Matt Lucas and David Walliams, was presented as spoof versions of real life airline websites, for example an on line check in service for fictional airline FlyLo, with Melody and Keeley.[28] The content was written by Kevin Cecil, who also contributed to the television scripts. Cecil was inspired by his own work on comedy tie in books over the years [29]
Reception[edit]
Come Fly with Me has received mixed reviews, with the Daily Express calling it "the worst sketch show, or sitcom to have ever gone out on a Christmas Day" and expressed concern over its screening on the day, considering the lack of quality.[30] The Daily Mirror, however, claimed it was a resounding success and the claims of racism and lack of humour made by the Express were unfounded.[31] The show was the most watched comedy of 2010, with ten million viewers,[32] but also had thousands of viewer complaints, and criticism for perceived racist content.[33] It was also the third most watched show on Christmas Day in the United Kingdom.[34]
Ratings[edit]
[35]
Episode
Viewers (millions)
1 12.47
2 8.80
3 7.81
4 7.43
5 7.11
6 7.22
International versions[edit]
Main article: Zie Ze Vliegen
A Dutch version of the show was created, using an almost exact copy of the script and characters (translated to Dutch). It was broadcast on RTL 4 from August 2011.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ J J Anisiobi (2013-01-03). "David Walliams admits he is very camp but claims to not be homosexual | Mail Online". Dailymail.co.uk. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
Jump up ^ "New show for David Walliams and Matt Lucas". BBC News. 28 May 2010. Retrieved 24 December 2010.
Jump up ^ "David Walliams and Matt Lucas reunite for new BBC show set in an airport". The Telegraph. 29 May 2010. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "Filming begins at Doncaster-Sheffield". Robin Hood Airport Guide. 17 September 2010. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "Comedy duo fly in to film new series". The Star. 24 December 2010. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "More than 10 million people watch comedy Come Fly with Me". This Is Total Essex. 7 January 2011. Archived from the original on 14 January 2013. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "Come Fly On the Wall". BBC Online. Retrieved 5 February 2011.
Jump up ^ Aird, Jon (29 January 2011). "Come Fly With Me - Again!". BBC Online. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
Jump up ^ Wolf, Ian (29 January 2011). "Come Fly with Me gets a second series". British Comedy Guide. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "Come Fly With Me: fasten your seatbelts" The Daily Telegraph, 20 December 2010 Walliams cocks a blatant snook at easyJet founder Stelios Haji-Ioannou through his flamboyantly asinine, money-raking turn as low-budget airline boss Omar Baba of FlyLo
Jump up ^ "Come Fly With Me: fasten your seatbelts" The Daily Telegraph, 20 December 2010
Jump up ^ "Doctor Who viewers go time travelling: 'Astronaut' episode is the most recorded TV show of all time". kantarmediauk.com. 19 May 2011. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "UK TV Ratings 2 January 2011". tv-ratings.free-satellite-tv.co.uk. 2 January 2011. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "UK TV Ratings 9 Jan 2011". tv-ratings.free-satellite-tv.co.uk. 9 January 2011. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "UK TV Ratings 16 Jan 2011". tv-ratings.free-satellite-tv.co.uk. 16 January 2011. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "UK TV Ratings 23 Jan 2011". tv-ratings.free-satellite-tv.co.uk. 23 January 2011. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "UK TV Ratings 30 Jan 2011". tv-ratings.free-satellite-tv.co.uk. 30 January 2011. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "Come Fly With Me BBC America". press.bbcamerica.com. 18 June 2011. Archived from the original on 12 September 2011. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "Come Fly On The Wall BBC". bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "Special - Come Fly On The Wall". bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
Jump up ^ Moodie, Clemmie (3 January 2013). "David Walliams "disappointed" Matt Lucas doesn't want a second Come Fly With Me series". Mirror. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "David Walliams: Matt Lucas 'vetoed' Come Fly With Me seque". BBC. 4 January 2013. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Come Fly with Me - season one [DVD]". Amazon.com. n.d. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Come Fly with Me - Series 1 [DVD]". Amazon.co.uk. n.d. Retrieved 15 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "ABC Shop: Come Fly With Me DVD". ABC Shop Online. Archived from the original on 31 March 2012. Retrieved 27 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "Come Fly with Me - Series 1 [Blu-ray][Region Free]". Amazon.co.uk. n.d. Retrieved 15 December 2011.
Jump up ^ Online Extras Retrieved on 10 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "FlyLo Online Check-in". BBC. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
Jump up ^ Come Fly with Me 'online book' Retrieved on 10 January 2011.
Jump up ^ Epstein, Robert (26 December 2010). "Come Fly with Me, BBC1, Christmas Day Poirot, ITV1, Christmas Day". The Independent. Retrieved 26 December 2010.
Jump up ^ O'Sullivan, Kevin (2 January 2011). "Watch Come Fly With Me fly up the charts". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "Come Fly with Me most watched comedy of 2010". The British Comedy Guide. 26 December 2010. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
Jump up ^ "Lucas and Walliams comedy prompts thousands of viewer complaints". AOL Television. 29 December 2010. Archived from the original on 2011-01-01. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
Jump up ^ "EastEnders wins Christmas Day viewing figures battle". BBC News. 26 December 2010. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
Jump up ^ Consolidated viewing figures retrieved from BARB database on 9 February 2011
External links[edit]
Come Fly with Me at BBC Programmes
Come Fly with Me at British Comedy Guide
Come Fly with Me on IMDb
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Come_Fly_with_Me_(2010_TV_series)&oldid=820609114"
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values: Category:2010s British comedy television series

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values: Mənimlə uçaq (teleserial, 2010) – Azerbaijani

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