text:
-ase
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Look up -ase in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
The suffix -ase is used in biochemistry to form names of enzymes. The most common way to name enzymes is to add this suffix onto the end of the substrate, e.g. an enzyme that breaks down peroxides may be called peroxidase; the enzyme that produces telomeres is called telomerase. Sometimes enzymes are named for the function they perform, rather than substrate, e.g. the enzyme that polymerizes (assembles) DNA into strands is called polymerase; see also reverse transcriptase.
The commonly used -ase suffix for naming enzymes was derived from the name diastase.
See also[edit]
Amylase
DNA polymerase
[hide]
v
t
e
Organic chemistry affixes
Carbon-based
-ane (alkane)
-ene (alkene)
-ine (unsaturated hydrocarbon)
-yne (alkyne)
alk- (saturated hydrocarbon)
ar- (aromatic)
cyclo- (cyclic)
Oxygen-based
-al (aldehyde)
-oate (ester)
-oic acid (carboxylic acid)
-ol (alcohol)
-one (ketone)
-ose (sugar)
Nitrogen-based
-ine (alkaloid)
aza- (N replaces C)
Sulfur-based
thio- (S replaces O)
Counting axial atoms
meth- (1)
eth- (2)
prop- (3)
but- (4)
(and the rest are ordinary Greek/Latin prefixes)
Other
-ase (enzyme)
-yl (radical)
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Joint Session of Indian Parliament
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The Parliament of India is bicameral. Concurrence of both houses are required to pass any bill. However, the authors of the Constitution of India visualised situations of deadlock between the upper house i.e. Rajya Sabha and the lower house i.e. Lok Sabha. Therefore, the Constitution of India provides for Joint sittings of both the Houses to break this deadlock. The joint sitting of the Parliament is called by the President and is presided over by the Speaker or, in his absence, by the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha or in his absence, the Deputy-Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. If any of the above officers are not present then any other member of the Parliament can preside by consensus of both the House.
Contents
[hide]
1 Provisions of Constitution
2 Exception to joint sittings
3 Bills referred to joint session
4 References
Provisions of Constitution[edit]
As per Article 108 of Constitution, a Joint session of Parliament can be summoned in the following situations.[1]
If after a Bill has been passed by one House and transmitted to the other House—
(a) the Bill is rejected by the other House; or (b) the Houses have finally disagreed as to the amendments to be made in the Bill; or (c) more than six months elapse from the date of the reception of the Bill by the other House without the Bill being passed by it, the President may, unless the Bill has elapsed by reason of a dissolution of the House of the People, notify to the Houses by message if they are sitting or by public notification if they are not sitting, his intention to summon them to meet in a joint sitting for the purpose of deliberating and voting on the Bill
However, in calculating period of six months, those days are not considered when house is prorogued or adjourned for more than 4 consecutive days.
If the above conditions are satisfied, the President of India may summon joint sitting of both the houses of parliament.
Exception to joint sittings[edit]
Not all bills can be refereed to a joint sitting of Parliament. There are two exception.
1. Money Bill
Under the Constitution of India, money bills require approval of the Lok Sabha only. Rajya Sabha can make recommendations to Lok Sabha, which it is not required to accept. Even if Rajya Sabha doesn't pass a money bill within 14 days, it is deemed to have been passed by both the Houses of Parliament after expiry of the above period. Therefore, a requirement to summon a joint session can never arise in the case of money bill.
2. Constitution Amendment Bill
Article 368 of Indian constitution require that constitution of India can be amended by both houses of parliament by 2/3 majority. In case of disagreement between both houses, there is no provision to summon joint session of parliament.
Bills referred to joint session[edit]
Joint session of Indian parliament has been called for only three bills i.e. dowry prohibition act, 1960, banking service commission act, 1977 and POTA, 2002. As per a senior member of NDA government they are considering for a joint session on Triple Talaq Bill (2018).

BILLS PASSED IN JOINT SESSION: 1. Dowry Prohibition Bill , 1961 2. Banking Service Commission ( Repeal) Bill , 1978 3. Prevention of Terrorism Bill, 2002
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The Constitution of India" (PDF). Lawmin.nic.in. Retrieved 2016-12-03.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joint_Session_of_Indian_Parliament&oldid=821255595"
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Dawn of the Planet of the Apes
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Dawn of the Planet of the Apes
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Matt Reeves
Produced by
Peter Chernin
Dylan Clark
Rick Jaffa
Amanda Silver
Written by
Mark Bomback
Rick Jaffa
Amanda Silver
Based on
Characters created
by Rick Jaffa
Amanda Silver
Premise suggested by Planet of the Apes
by Pierre Boulle
Starring
Andy Serkis
Jason Clarke
Gary Oldman
Keri Russell
Toby Kebbell
Kodi Smit-McPhee
Music by
Michael Giacchino
Cinematography
Michael Seresin
Edited by
William Hoy
Stan Salfas
Production
company
Chernin Entertainment
TSG Entertainment
Distributed by
20th Century Fox
Release date
June 26, 2014 (2014-06-26) (Palace of Fine Arts)
July 11, 2014 (2014-07-11) (United States)
Running time
130 minutes[1]
Country
United States[2][3][4]
Language
English
Budget
$235 million (gross)[5]
$208.6 million (net)[5]
Box office
$710.6 million[6]
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes is a 2014 American science fiction film directed by Matt Reeves and written by Mark Bomback, Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver. It stars Andy Serkis, Jason Clarke, Gary Oldman, Keri Russell, Toby Kebbell and Kodi Smit-McPhee. It is the sequel to the 2011 film Rise of the Planet of the Apes, which began 20th Century Fox's reboot of the original Planet of the Apes series. Dawn is set ten years after the events of Rise, and follows a group of people in San Francisco who struggle to stay alive in the aftermath of a plague that is wiping out humanity, while Caesar tries to maintain dominance over his community of intelligent apes.
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes was released in the United States on July 11, 2014 and was met with highly positive reviews, with critics praising its visual effects, story, direction, acting, musical score, action and emotional depth. It was also a box office success, grossing over $710 million worldwide, and making it the eighth highest-grossing film of 2014. The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Visual Effects. It was also nominated for eight Saturn Awards, including Best Science Fiction Film, Best Director for Reeves, and Best Supporting Actor for Serkis.[7]
A third installment, titled War for the Planet of the Apes, was released on July 14, 2017.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
2.1 Apes
2.2 Humans
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Casting
3.3 Filming
3.4 Visual effects
4 Soundtrack
4.1 Track listing
5 Release
5.1 Marketing
6 Reception
6.1 Box office
6.2 Critical response
6.3 Home media
6.4 Accolades
7 Third film
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Plot[edit]
Ten years after the pandemic of the deadly ALZ-113 virus, later called Simian Flu, the worldwide human population was drastically reduced, with only about one in five hundred genetically immune to the virus. Meanwhile, the apes, under the chimpanzee Caesar, all bestowed with genetically enhanced intelligence by the virus, have long established a colony in the Muir Woods near San Francisco.
One day, a group of humans led by a man named Malcolm enter the apes' territory from San Francisco in search of a hydroelectric dam that would restore power to the city. An encounter by Caesar's son Blue Eyes and his friend Ash leads to the latter's injury by a man named Carver. Malcolm manages to prevent further escalation while Caesar orders the humans to leave. Prompted by Koba, a scarred bonobo who holds a grudge against humans for his mistreatment as a test subject, Caesar brings his army to the humans' community at an unfinished tower as a display of strength. Caesar announces his intent to fight the humans if forced to while demanding the humans to stay in their territory. Malcolm convinces his fellow leader Dreyfus to give him time to take a small team to the forest and reconcile with the apes so they can access the dam. He meets with Caesar, who allows them to work on the generator on the condition that they surrender their guns. As Malcolm, his wife Ellie, and son Alexander work, they bond with the apes. The fragile bonding is greatly helped when Ellie, a nurse, effectively treats Cornelia's illness.
Meanwhile, Dreyfus arms his community using the Fort Point armory. Koba discovers the armory and confronts Caesar of this, but accuses him of loving humans more than apes. Caesar beats Koba in response but refrains from killing him. Koba later returns to the armory and takes an assault rifle, killing two guards and then Carver as the humans succeed in repairing the generator and restoring power to the city. Koba takes advantage of their celebration to covertly set fire to the apes' home. He then shoots Caesar, who falls into the underbrush below, and frames the humans for Caesar's apparent death in order to wage war. Koba quickly takes command and leads the apes into San Francisco, where they plunder the armory and mount an assault on the tower. The apes breach the building and imprison the humans as Dreyfus flees underground. When Ash refuses Koba's orders to kill unarmed humans, citing Caesar's teachings, Koba throws the ape to his death and has any other ape loyal to Caesar imprisoned.
Malcolm's family finds Caesar barely alive and transports him to his former house in San Francisco. Caesar reveals that Koba shot him and confesses that apes can be as corrupt and violent as humans. When Malcolm sneaks into the settlement to find medical supplies for Caesar, he encounters Blue Eyes, who spares him before learning that his father is still alive and that it was Koba who shot him, not the humans. After reconciling with Caesar, Blue Eyes returns to the tower and frees the imprisoned humans and apes. Malcolm escorts the apes into the tower, and then finds Dreyfus. He learns that the return of electricity allowed Dreyfus' men to make radio contact with survivors at a military base, who are now coming to fight the apes. Caesar confronts Koba at the top of the tower; as they fight, Dreyfus detonates C-4 charges that destabilize the tower in a failed attempt to kill the apes, at the cost of his own life. Koba starts shooting at the apes, but Caesar tackles him off a ledge. While clinging on a metal girder, Koba is rejected as an ape by Caesar and dropped to his death.
Malcolm and Caesar acknowledge their friendship, with Malcolm warning of the approaching human military. Caesar responds that the humans will never forgive the apes for their attack and convinces Malcolm to leave with his family. He then stands before a kneeling mass of apes, preparing for war.
Cast[edit]
Cast and crew of Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (from left): director Matt Reeves and stars Jason Clarke, Keri Russell and Andy Serkis
Apes[edit]
Andy Serkis as Caesar, a common chimpanzee and the leader of the evolved ape tribe
Toby Kebbell as Koba, a scarred bonobo and Caesar's treacherous lieutenant; previously played by Christopher Gordon in Rise
Judy Greer as Cornelia, a common chimpanzee and Caesar's wife, mother of Blue Eyes and a newborn son; previously played by Devyn Dalton in Rise
Terry Notary as Rocket, a common chimpanzee and Caesar's former rival and enemy turned friend
Karin Konoval as Maurice, a Bornean orangutan and Caesar's friend and advisor
Nick Thurston as Blue Eyes, a common chimpanzee and Caesar and Cornelia's first son
Doc Shaw as Ash, a common chimpanzee, son of Rocket, also Blue Eyes' best friend
Lee Ross as Grey, a common chimpanzee and a follower of Koba, who perishes during Koba's attack on the human city.
Richard King as Stone, a common chimpanzee and a follower of Koba, who after Koba's death, goes on to follow Caesar.
Humans[edit]
Jason Clarke as Malcolm, the leader of the small group that forms a strong bond with Caesar and the other apes
Gary Oldman as Dreyfus, the leader of the remaining human survivors
Keri Russell as Ellie, a former nurse at the CDC, and Malcolm's wife
Kodi Smit-McPhee as Alexander, Malcolm's son from a previous marriage
Kirk Acevedo as Carver, a former San Francisco water worker and a member of Malcolm's group. He is killed by Koba as part of a plot to usurp Caesar's position.
Jocko Sims as Werner, the colony's radio operator
Enrique Murciano as Kemp, a member of Malcolm's group
Keir O'Donnell as Finney, an ally of Dreyfus
Lombardo Boyar as Terry, a guard at the colony's armory
Kevin Rankin as McVeigh, a guard at the colony's armory
Jon Eyez as Foster, a member of Malcolm's group
James Franco (uncredited) as Will Rodman from Rise of the Planet of the Apes, in a cameo via a video from Caesar's childhood
Production[edit]
Film set on Rampart Street, New Orleans, May 2013
Development[edit]
After the release of Rise of the Planet of the Apes, director Rupert Wyatt commented on possible sequels: "I think we're ending with certain questions, which is quite exciting. To me, I can think of all sorts of sequels to this film, but this is just the beginning."[8] Screenwriter and producer Rick Jaffa also stated that Rise featured several clues as to future sequels: "I hope that we're building a platform for future films. We're trying to plant a lot of the seeds for a lot of the things you are talking about in terms of the different apes and so forth."[9]
In an interview recorded after the release of Rise, Wyatt stated, "We want to grow and evolve, in the films that will [hopefully] come after this, to the '68 original."[10] Wyatt also stated that he wants it to take place eight years after Rise, as a whole new ape generation can be born, and explore the dynamics of Caesar and Koba's relationship.[11] According to screenwriter Rick Jaffa, a version of the spaceship from the 1968 Planet of the Apes under the name Icarus was in Rise as a deliberate hint to a possible sequel.[12]
In November 2011, Andy Serkis was the first to be announced as having closed a deal for a sequel to Rise. It was reported to be a "healthy seven-figure deal" for him to reprise his role as Caesar, the ape leader.[13] On May 15, 2012, it was announced Scott Z. Burns had been hired to do rewrites on the original screenplay by Rise writers Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver.[14] On May 31, 2012, 20th Century Fox announced that the sequel would be titled Dawn of the Planet of the Apes.[15]
Post-production
On September 17, 2012, there were reports that director Wyatt was considering leaving the sequel due to his concern that a May 2014 release date would not give him enough time to make the film properly.[16] On October 1, Cloverfield director Matt Reeves was confirmed as his replacement.[17] Reeves had been working on developing a new Twilight Zone film.[18] On October 18, Mark Bomback, writer of Live Free or Die Hard, was reported to be doing a re-write for Reeves.[19]
Casting[edit]
In December 2012, after the departure of director Wyatt, James Franco speculated that he would not be returning for the sequel, saying, "Now Rupert's not a part of it so I don't know. My guess is I won't be in it. Nobody's talked to me since Rupert left."[20] Later, Matt Reeves revealed that Franco would be seen in a cameo in the film.[21][22] Freida Pinto, who played primatologist Caroline Aranha in Rise, confirmed that she would not be returning for Dawn.[23] In April 2014, when asked by IGN about the fate of Franco and Pinto's characters, producer Dylan Clark said, "I mean, they’re the ones that died...They were ground zero of the virus."[24]
In February 2013, actors Gary Oldman, Jason Clarke, and Kodi Smit-McPhee were cast in lead roles for the sequel, set ten years after the events from the first film.[25][26] In March 2013, actress Keri Russell was cast in a role.[27] That same month, Judy Greer was cast as Cornelia, a female chimp and love interest for Caesar.[28] Toby Kebbell, Enrique Murciano and Kirk Acevedo joined the cast during filming.[citation needed] On May 15, 2013, Jocko Sims was cast in a supporting role of military operative Werner.[29]
Filming[edit]
Filming began in April 2013 around the town of Campbell River, British Columbia.[30] The location of Vancouver Island was chosen for its similarity to the locations depicted in the film, the forests, and the variety of landscapes.[31] Filming in New Orleans started in May 2013 and continued in July 2013 at various locations such as the former Six Flags park Six Flags New Orleans.[32]
Visual effects[edit]
Like Rise, visual effects for Dawn were done by Weta Digital. In addition to the apes, Weta created other digital animals, such as a herd of elk, a grizzly bear, and CG doubles of the live horses. The elk were created using key-frame animation and the digital crowd enhancement software MASSIVE, the bear through key-frame animation, and the horses with a mixture of key-frame animation and motion capture.
Soundtrack[edit]
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes
Soundtrack album by Michael Giacchino
Released
August 12, 2014
Recorded
2014
Genre
Film score
Length
77:21
Label
Sony Masterworks
Michael Giacchino film scores chronology
Star Trek Into Darkness
(2013) Dawn of the Planet of the Apes
(2014) This Is Where I Leave You
(2014)
The film's score was composed by Michael Giacchino. The soundtrack was released by Sony Masterworks on July 8, 2014.[33]
Track listing[edit]
All music composed by Michael Giacchino.
No.
Title
Length
1. "Level Plaguing Field" 2:21
2. "Look Who’s Stalking" 2:35
3. "The Great Ape Processional" 4:34
4. "Past Their Primates" 1:57
5. "Close Encounters of the Furred Kind" 4:38
6. "Monkey to the City" 1:16
7. "The Lost City of Chimpanzee" 3:46
8. "Along Simian Lines" 5:04
9. "Caesar No Evil, Hear No Evil" 2:27
10. "Monkey See, Monkey Coup" 5:12
11. "Gorilla Warfare" 7:37
12. "The Apes of Wrath" 4:28
13. "Gibbon Take" 2:55
14. "Aped Crusaders" 3:26
15. "How Bonobo Can You Go" 5:42
16. "Enough Monkeying Around" 3:35
17. "Primates for Life" 5:42
18. "Planet of the End Credits" 8:56
19. "Ain’t That a Stinger (Written By Griffin Giacchino)" 1:10
Release[edit]
On May 31, 2012, Fox announced that Dawn of the Planet of the Apes was scheduled for release on May 23, 2014.[15] It was announced on June 20, 2013 that the release date for Dawn was being pushed back two months to July 18, 2014.[34] On December 10, 2013, the film was pushed up one week to July 11, 2014.[35] The film premiered at the Palace of Fine Arts in San Francisco, California on June 26, 2014.[36] The film closed the 36th Moscow International Film Festival on June 28.[37]
In Hungary, the largest cinema chain called Cinema City could not agree with the film's distributor, InterCom, and as a result it opened on July 17, 2014 on 45 screens, significantly fewer than similar big-budget productions.[38] However, the film still managed to top the weekend box office chart of the country beating Transformers: Age of Extinction, which had been leading the chart for three weeks (on 105 screens distributed by UIP Duna).[39]
Marketing[edit]
A viral marketing campaign for the film launched in July 2013 included a "simian flu" website[40] and mock PSA videos.[41] 20th Century Fox and Vice Media's Motherboard released three short films online in July 2014 which document the ten-year gap between the events of Rise of the Planet of the Apes and Dawn of the Planet of the Apes.[42] A novel titled Dawn of the Planet of the Apes: Firestorm which is also set between the events of the first two films was published in May 2014 by Titan Books.[43] A partnership with 20th Century Fox and Ndemic Creations saw mobile/PC game Plague Inc. get a Dawn of the Planet of the Apes-themed update on July 10, 2014. It allows players to create and customize a simian flu virus to infect the world and eradicate humanity whilst helping apes survive.[44]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes was a success at the box office with many critics calling it "the summer’s best popcorn film",[45] and Deadline.com commented saying it is "a franchise that will keep going and going, unless they screw it up".[46] The film grossed $208,545,589 in the USA & Canada, and $500,290,000 in other countries, for a worldwide total of $708,835,589.[6] Calculating in all expenses and revenues, Deadline.com estimated that the film made a net profit of $182.18 million.[47] It had a worldwide opening of $103.3 million which was the 11th-highest of 2014.[48] Worldwide it is the highest-grossing film in the Planet of the Apes franchise[49] and the eighth-highest-grossing film of 2014.[50]
In the United States and Canada, the film is the highest-grossing film in the Planet of the Apes franchise, unadjusted for inflation[49] and the eighth-highest-grossing film of 2014.[51] It opened on July 11, 2014 across 3,967 theaters and topped the box office on its opening day earning $27.7 million (including previews).[52] During its traditional three-opening, the film debuted at number one earning $72.6 million, which was 33% higher than its predecessor. Box Office Mojo pointed out that the film's good word of mouth as well as its predecessors', its darker tone, attachment of new characters and the first film's way of ending were all determining factors in the film's strong opening.[53] It remained at the summit for two consecutive weekends in North America despite facing competition with The Purge: Anarchy in its second week.[54][55]
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes earned $31.3 million during its opening weekend internationally from 4,913 screens in 26 markets where it opened at No. 1 in 14 of those. International opening weekend tallies of more than $5 million were witnessed in the UK ($14.88 million), Mexico ($12.94 million), South Korea ($11.5 million), Russia ($9.99 million), Brazil with ($9.2 million) and Australia ($6.6 million).[56][57] The film topped the box office outside North America for two non-consecutive weekends.[57][58]
The film became a massive financial success in China where it opened with $47 million on its opening weekend there. The robust debut helped the film top the international charts for the first time dethroning Guardians of the Galaxy and aided the film in passing $400 million internationally and $600 million globally.[59] Fox reported that the sequel's debut in China was one of the best in history for a Western title, save for Iron Man 3, Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen and Transformers: Age of Extinction at that time.[60] After playing for a month in theaters, it passed $100 million on its fourth weekend and became the fourth Hollywood film of the year to achieve such a milestone.[61] In total, it went on to make $107.4 million there, of which the studio received $26.8 million profit.[46]
Critical response[edit]
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes received critical acclaim upon release.[62][63][64] On review aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes, it holds a score of 90% based on 287 reviews with a rating average of 7.9/10. The website's consensus reads: "With intelligence and emotional resonance to match its stunning special effects, Dawn of the Planet of the Apes expands on its predecessor with an exciting and ambitious burst of sci-fi achievement."[65] On review aggregator Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average, the film has a "generally favorable" rating score of 79 out of 100 based on 48 reviews.[66]
Guy Lodge of Variety said, "An altogether smashing sequel to 2011's better-than-expected Rise of the Planet of the Apes, this vivid, violent extension of humanoid ape Caesar's troubled quest for independence bests its predecessor in nearly every technical and conceptual department, with incoming helmer Matt Reeves conducting the proceedings with more assertive genre elan than Rise journeyman Rupert Wyatt."[67] Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter stated that the film "manages to do at least three things exceptionally well that are hard enough to pull off individually: Maintain a simmering level of tension without let-up for two hours, seriously improve on a very good first entry in a franchise and produce a powerful humanistic statement using a significantly simian cast of characters. In the annals of sequels, Dawn is to Rise of the Planet of the Apes what The Empire Strikes Back was to Star Wars—it's that much better."[68] Tim Robey of The Daily Telegraph said, "There's evident patience and intelligence to the filmmaking all over, as well as an engagement with genuine ideas about diplomacy, deterrence, law and leadership. However often it risks monkey-mad silliness, it's impressively un-stupid."[69] Drew McWeeny of HitFix awarded the film an "A+" grade and said "Dawn is not just a good genre movie or a good summer movie. It's a great science-fiction film, full-stop, and one of the year's very best movies so far."[70]
Ty Burr of the Boston Globe wrote that "in bearing, speech, and agonized expressiveness, Serkis's Caesar conveys the conflicts of a king with almost Shakespearean grandeur."[71] A.O. Scott of The New York Times praised the film for being able to balance out the action sequences and special effects with strong storytelling, writing that "Dawn is more than a bunch of occasionally thrilling action sequences, emotional gut punches and throwaway jokes arranged in predictable sequence. It is technically impressive and viscerally exciting, for sure, but it also gives you a lot to think, and even to care, about."[72]
Less favorable reviews included Andrew O'Hehir at Salon.com who wrote, "Here's a rule that has gradually become clear to me: Any film that begins with one of those fake-news montages, where snippets of genuine CNN footage are stitched together to concoct a feeling of semi-urgency around its hackneyed apocalypse, already sucks even before it gets started. This one makes a dutiful attempt to struggle back from that suckage, but it all ends in yelling."[73]
Home media[edit]
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes was released by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment on Blu-ray 3D, Blu-ray, and DVD on December 2, 2014.[74] According to Nielsen VideoScan, it subsequently became the best-selling home video release for the week.[75]
Accolades[edit]
Main article: List of accolades received by Dawn of the Planet of the Apes
Third film[edit]
Main article: War for the Planet of the Apes
After seeing his cut of Dawn, 20th Century Fox and Chernin Entertainment signed Matt Reeves to return as director for a third installment of the reboot series. On January 6, 2014, Fox announced Reeves to direct as well as co-write along with Bomback, with a planned July 2016 release. Peter Chernin, Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver will produce.[76] In January 2015, Fox delayed the release to July 14, 2017.[77][78] On May 14, 2015, the title was given as War of the Planet of the Apes.[79] In August 2015, Deadline reported that Gabriel Chavarria was cast as one of the humans in the film.[80] In September 2015, The Hollywood Reporter announced that Woody Harrelson had been cast as the film's antagonist, and that Chavarria's role was small.[81] In October 2015, The Wrap reported that Steve Zahn was cast as a new ape in the film, retitled as War for the Planet of the Apes.[82]
See also[edit]
Uplift (science fiction)
References[edit]
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External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dawn of the Planet of the Apes.
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Official website
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes on IMDb
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes at Box Office Mojo
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes at Rotten Tomatoes
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes at Metacritic
[show]
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text:
Miniature (alcohol)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
A miniature (50 ml) of Glenfarclas 105 cask-strength whisky, (60% ABV). The bottle is 115 mm tall and 33 mm in diameter.
A collection of miniatures
A miniature is a small bottle of a spirit, liqueur or other alcoholic beverage. Their contents, typically 50 ml, are intended to comprise an individual serving.[1]
Miniatures may be used as gifts, samples, or for promotional purposes. In Scotland and the Northeastern United States they are often known as "Nips", and referred to elsewhere as "airplane bottles". They are sometimes available in hotel mini-bars, on trains[2] and planes,[3] and in other circumstances where serving from a full size bottle is impractical or uneconomical. They are sometimes sold in sets, allowing the comparative tasting of different types of beverage.[4][5] They are also sold in gift sets with a corresponding drinking glass.[6]
Miniatures are collected by some people, with various clubs and societies serving the hobby.[7]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ 50 ml is double the standard 25 ml single measure used in some countries
Jump up ^ "At Seat Catering". Arriva Trains Wales. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Crew pilfering whisky and caviar 'driving Air India bankrupt'". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Highland Park Tasting Collection Malt Whisky Miniature Gift Pack". Amazon.com. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Old Speysides Miniature Set - The Whisky Shop Dufftown". Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Miniature Sheep Dip Whisky 5cl and Tasting Glass Gift Box Gift Sety". Amazon.com. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Midwest Miniature Bottle Collectors". Retrieved 9 March 2017.
External links[edit]
New Zealand Miniature Bottle Club http://www.minisnz.com/
Miniature Bottle Library http://www.minibottlelibrary.com/mbl/index.html
Miniaturas de Colombia http://www.miniaturasdecolombia.com
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Miniature liquor bottles.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miniature_(alcohol)&oldid=823402305"
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Say Uncle
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other uses, see Say Uncle (disambiguation).
"Say 'uncle'!" is a North American expression demanding that the opponent in a contest submits. The response "Uncle!" is equivalent to "I give up" and indicates submission. There are two theories as to the origin of the term; one relates to the Roman Empire when a bullied child would be forced to say "Patrue, mi Patruissimo," or, "Uncle, my best Uncle," in order to surrender; alternatively the expression may have originated in a 19th-century English joke about a bullied parrot. This use of this term is also very common in Arabian Peninsula countries "gol aami" "say uncle" "قول عمي".
Definition[edit]
In the United States and Canada, the idiomatic expression "Say 'uncle'!" may be used as an imperative command to demand submission of one's opponent, such as during an informal wrestling match. Similarly, the exclamation "Uncle!" is an indication of submission – analogous to "I give up" – or it may be a cry for mercy, in such a game or match.[1]
Origin[edit]
Although it is often regarded as an Americanism, there are at least two differing theories as to the true origin of the phrase: ancient Rome and 19th-century in England.
The Roman Empire theory says, Roman children, when beset by a bully, would be forced to say the Latin phrase, "Patrue, mi Patruissimo," or, "Uncle, my best Uncle," in order to surrender and be freed. [2]
There are various opinions as to the reason that Roman bullies forced their victims to "cry 'Uncle!'". It may be that it was simply a way of making the victim call out for help from a grownup, thus proving his or her weakness. Alternatively, it may have started as a way of forcing the victim to grant the victor a title of respect – as in "Call me Uncle!" — for in Roman times, one's father's brother was accorded nearly the same power and status as one's father. The chosen form of the Latin word for "uncle" ("patrue") tends to support this theory, in that it specifically denotes the paternal uncle – as opposed to the brother of one's mother ("avunculus"), who occupied a somewhat lower rung in patrilineal Roman society.[2]
The 19th-century England theory says it comes from an English joke about a bullied parrot being coaxed to address his owner's uncle.[3][4][5]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Say (or cry) uncle, World Wide Words
^ Jump up to: a b Say Uncle, The Word Detective
Jump up ^ Say (or cry) uncle, World Wide Words
Jump up ^ Safire, William (2011-11-16). "Uncle cries "Uncle"". Language Maven Strikes Again. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 030780058X.
Jump up ^ Wilton, Dave (2007-03-11). "say uncle". Wordorigins.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Say_Uncle&oldid=793829455"
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Taylor Momsen
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Taylor Momsen
Momsen performing with The Pretty Reckless at River City Rockfest 2017
Born
Taylor Michel Momsen
(1993-07-26) July 26, 1993 (age 24)
St. Louis, Missouri, US
Occupation
Singer
songwriter
actress
model
Years active
1997–present
Musical career
Genres
Alternative rock
hard rock
post-grunge
Instruments
Vocals
guitar
Labels
Interscope
Razor & Tie
Cooking Vinyl
Associated acts
The Pretty Reckless
Taylor Michel Momsen (born July 26, 1993)[1] is an American singer, songwriter, former actress and model. She is known for being the lead singer and frontwoman of the American rock band The Pretty Reckless. She is also known for portraying the character of Jenny Humphrey on the CW teen drama series Gossip Girl (2007–2012) and Cindy Lou Who in the film Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000).[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Acting
3 Modeling
4 Music
5 Discography
6 Filmography
7 References
8 External links
Early life[edit]
Momsen was born in St. Louis, Missouri. Her parents are Michael and Collette Momsen and she has a younger sister, Sloane Momsen, who is also an actress. She has Russian ancestry.[3] She was raised Roman Catholic[4] and attended Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic School[5] for elementary school and later Herbert Hoover Middle School in Potomac, Maryland.[6] She studied dance at the Center of Creative Arts in St. Louis.
Momsen was signed with Ford Models at a very young age: "My parents signed me up with Ford [Modeling] at the age of 2. No 2-year-old wants to be working, but I had no choice. My whole life, I was in and out of school. I didn’t have friends. I was working constantly and I didn’t have a real life."[6] She began acting professionally at three years of age in a 1997 national commercial for Shake 'n Bake.[7] She was then cast in The Prophet's Game.
Momsen is included on the list of Unclaimed Coogan accounts for performing children whose partial childhood earnings are mandated to be put in a special fund but who have yet to claim their earnings.[8]
Momsen attended the Professional Performing Arts School in Manhattan for high school alongside Connor Paolo, Gregori Lukas and Sarah Hyland.[citation needed]
Acting[edit]
Momsen at the Metropolitan Opera in 2008
In 2000, Momsen played the role of Cindy Lou Who in Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas, her breakout role. In 2002, she was given the role of Gretel in the motion picture: Hansel and Gretel, as well as Alexandra, the President's daughter, in Spy Kids 2: The Island of Lost Dreams.
Momsen's career came to a halt for over three years until she received a lead role in the WB series Misconceptions, which was never aired, after that she also appeared in the 2006 film Saving Shiloh. She also auditioned for the title role in Hannah Montana, and was in the top three, but the role was instead awarded to Miley Cyrus—a decision that Momsen was happy with in retrospect.[9] In 2007, she starred in the Walt Disney Pictures film Underdog as Molly and as Jennifer in the movie Paranoid Park, directed by Gus Van Sant.
Beginning in 2007, she played the character of Jenny Humphrey in The CW television series Gossip Girl, which is based on the book series by Cecily von Ziegesar. Momsen's appearances on the series became increasingly sporadic, and by the end of the first half of the fourth season, she had only appeared in four episodes. It was then announced that the actress would be scheduled for an indefinite hiatus from the show,[10] which ultimately resulted in her leaving the series as a regular cast member, following the completion of the fourth season in 2011. Later that year, on August 16, 2011, Momsen told Elle magazine that she had quit acting to focus on her music career.[11] However, on October 16, 2012, it was reported that Momsen would be returning to Gossip Girl for the final episode of the sixth and final season, in which she appeared briefly in the wedding sequence.[12][13]
Modeling[edit]
In June 2008, at the age of fourteen, Momsen signed to IMG Models.[14][15]
Taylor was the face of British fashion chain New Look for its spring/summer 2010 collection.[16] After weeks of speculation of who was the face of Madonna's 2010 fashion line "Material Girl", Momsen was announced on July 15, 2010.[17] A week later, Momsen was announced as the model for John Galliano's new women's fragrance, scheduled to launch in autumn 2010.[18] In 2010, she appeared in a video for John Galliano's "Parlez-Moi d’Amour" fragrance ad campaign.
Momsen is currently[when?] the face of Samantha Thavasa's handbag line. She has done multiple photoshoots, press events, and commercials.[19]
She appeared on the cover of Page Six Magazine when she was fifteen years old in 2009. Momsen also appeared on the February 2010 cover of Seventeen.[20] In October 2010, Momsen wore a pair of platform stilettos, thigh-high stockings, and had a holster strapped around her leg for Revolver. Two months after she appeared on the cover of French magazine Rock One's. Momsen appeared on the cover of FHM’s March 2012 edition[21] and FHM ranked Momsen #29 in its 2012 Hot 100 issue.[22] She also made her cover debut for Maxim in the November 2013 issue.[23]
Music[edit]
Momsen performing in April 2010
Momsen has said that "music is where I can be me",[24] stating that "acting is easy. I've been doing it for so long and I totally love it. But you're playing a character instead of yourself. Music is more personal because you're writing it and you're involved in every step of it."[24] At 5 years old, Momsen recorded the song "Christmas, Why Can't I Find You?" for the soundtrack to How the Grinch Stole Christmas. In 2002, she recorded the songs "One Small Voice" and "Rudolph The Red-Nosed Reindeer" for the compilation album School's Out! Christmas.
In March 2009, Momsen stated in an interview with OK! magazine that her band The Pretty Reckless had signed a deal with Interscope Records.[25] She played her first tour with her band opening for The Veronicas on their Revenge Is Sweeter Tour in spring 2009.[26] After the tour, Momsen began working with guitarist Ben Phillips, who would soon join the band. Momsen subsequently swapped out her former bandmates. She co-writes songs with Phillips; in addition to lead vocals, Momsen also plays rhythm guitar.
The band's debut album Light Me Up was released on August 30, 2010 in the UK,[27] where it debuted at number 6, as well as at number 18 in Ireland. The first single "Make Me Wanna Die" was released on May 30, 2010, while the second single "Miss Nothing" which was released on August 23, 2010 peaked at number 39. "Just Tonight" was released as the album's third single. Songs from this album have been in the movie "Kick-ass" as well as shows like "The Vampire Diaries" and "Gossip Girl".[28]
Television personality Heidi Montag recorded "Blackout", a song written by Momsen. According to Momsen, she wrote the song when she was 8 years old and recorded it as a demo with a producer.[29] Montag released the song as a digital only single, with the music video being directed by her husband Spencer Pratt. Momsen commented about the recording: "I'm like, okay, dude, you're singing an 8-year-old's words, but that's cool. It's so funny because I didn't shop it or anything and I get this call going, 'Did you write a song for Heidi Montag'? And I'm like, 'What?'".[29] The track was later included on Montag's debut studio album Superficial (2010).
On July 27, 2011, Momsen announced via Twitter that the band would be the supporting act for Evanescence during the fall of 2011.[30] Throughout 2012, Momsen and her band toured North America; the second headlining tour, titled the Medicine Tour, began in March 2012 [31] and culminated with supporting dates for Marilyn Manson's 2012 world tour Hey Cruel World... Tour. Momsen also appeared as guest vocalist on the first track of ex Ministry member Paul Barker's 2012 album Fix This.
On November 30, 2012, it was announced that The Pretty Reckless' fourth single "Kill Me" would be released on December 11.[32] The track was the last song to be featured in the Gossip Girl series finale.
Momsen cites Kurt Cobain, The Beatles, Led Zeppelin, The Who, Pink Floyd, AC/DC, Marilyn Manson, Oasis and Shirley Manson of Garbage as some of her personal influences.[33][34][35]
Going to Hell was released on March 18, 2014.[36] The release marked the band's largest sales week to date and landed at #5 on the Billboard 200 with over 35,000 copies sold in its first week.[37] The success of the record saw Taylor, along with the rest of the band, break records when they became the first female-fronted band to reach No. 1 on the rock radio charts with its first two singles: "Heaven Knows" in March 2014 and "Fucked Up World" in September 2014.[38] The Pretty Reckless also spent the majority of late 2013 throughout 2014 on tour supporting Going To Hell. In 2014, her band also supported Fall Out Boy in their European leg of the Save Rock n Roll Tour along with New Politics.
Throughout 2015, Momsen continued to record new material for the third Pretty Reckless album. On September 29, 2016, the band released the single "Take Me Down", which reached number two on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Chart.[39][40] The third album, Who You Selling For was released in October 2016.[39]
Discography[edit]
Main article: The Pretty Reckless discography
Filmography[edit]
Film
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1999 Prophet's Game, TheThe Prophet's Game Honey Bee Swan
2000 Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas Cindy Lou Who Nominated—Blockbuster Entertainment Award for Favorite Female Newcomer
Nominated—Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor
Nominated—Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Feature Film – Young Actress Age Ten or Under
2002 We Were Soldiers Julie Moore
2002 Spy Kids 2: The Island of Lost Dreams Alexandra
2002 Hansel & Gretel Gretel
2006 Saving Shiloh Samantha Wallace
2007 Paranoid Park Jennifer
2007 Underdog Molly Nominated—Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Feature Film – Supporting Young Actress
2008 Spy School Madison Kramer
Television
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1998 Early Edition Allie Uncredited; episode: "A Minor Miracle"
2006 Misconceptions Hopper Watson Unaired WB series
2007–2010;
2012 Gossip Girl Jennifer "Jenny" Humphrey Main cast (season 1–4)
Special guest star (season 6): 66 episodes
Nominated—Teen Choice Award for Choice TV Breakout Star: Female
Nominated—Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a TV Series (Comedy or Drama) – Leading Young Actress
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Taylor Momsen Biography". TV Guide. Retrieved October 18, 2010.
Jump up ^ Aleksander, Irina (September 18, 2008). "Taylor Momsen: Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman". The New York Observer. Archived from the original on September 21, 2008. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ Momsen, Taylor (July 8, 2013). "Twitter: taylormomsen: @Zheka_Kinoman yes, I'm part Russian". Twitter.com. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Taylor Momsen Gets Spiritual - Daily Intelligencer". Nymag.com. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Taylor Momsen". Movies.yahoo.com. April 20, 2011. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Blonska, Joanna. "The Young and the 'Reckless'". Bethesda Magazine. Retrieved 4 February 2013.
Jump up ^ "Taylor Momsen, Age 3, In Shake 'N Bake Commercial (VIDEO)". Huffington Post. 15 November 2010. Retrieved December 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Unclaimed Coogan Fund list".
Jump up ^ "Taylor Momsen Glad She's Not 'Hannah Montana'". www.starpulse.com. January 25, 2010. Archived from the original on October 26, 2010. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael"'Gossip Girl' Sidelines Taylor Momsen", Deadline.com, November 22, 2010. Retrieved November 23, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Momen Quit Acting". www.yahooblogs.com. August 16, 2011. Retrieved August 16, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Taylor Momsen Returning To 'Gossip Girl' Along With Connor Paolo". The Huffington Post. AOL. October 16, 2011. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
Jump up ^ Murray, Rheana (October 17, 2012). "'Gossip Girl' Alums Taylor Momsen and Connor Paolo Make Surprise Return for Show's Final Episode". Daily News. Retrieved November 12, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Taylor Momsen: From Gossip Girl to Supermodel". Offtherack.people.com. June 25, 2008. Retrieved June 25, 2010.
Jump up ^ Vogue, Teen. "Taylor Momsen: Girl on Film". Teenvogue.com. Retrieved June 25, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Taylor Momsen for new look". The Express online. March 8, 2010. Retrieved April 4, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Grazia Fashion: Taylor Momsen is the face of Material Girl!". Graziadaily.co.uk. Retrieved August 10, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Grazia Fashion: Taylor Momsen To Model For Galllano!!". Graziadaily.co.uk. Retrieved August 10, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Samantha Thavasa Will Have You Know Taylor Momsen Is Employable". Retrieved June 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Taylor Momsen Seventeen Cover - Interview and Pictures of Taylor Momsen". Seventeen.com. Archived from the original on January 16, 2010. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ "FHM at Taylor Momsen's sexy house party! | Girls". FHM.com. Archived from the original on October 19, 2013. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Hot 100". FHM. 2012. Archived from the original on January 30, 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
Jump up ^ Tweet (October 10, 2013). "Taylor Momsen | Pictures of a Pretty Reckless Singer". Maxim. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Wightman, Catriona, "Taylor Momsen: 'Music is my only goal'", Digital Spy, November 3, 2010, retrieved November 3, 2011
Jump up ^ "Taylor Momsen Not Kissing Chace Crawford Offscreen". Okmagazine.com. March 3, 2009. Retrieved June 25, 2010.
Jump up ^ "TAYLOR MOMSEN'S "Pretty Reckless": The Veronicas Pick "GOSSIP GIRL" Band As Tour Opener". Huffingtonpost.com. April 17, 2009. Retrieved November 8, 2011.
Jump up ^ New Song from Taylor Momsen's Pretty Reckless By Avery Spofford on July 12, 2010 5:56 pm – Spin
Jump up ^ DREAMSEEKERS: THE BEST MUSIC YOU'VE NEVER HEARD. (2011, Mar 19). Billboard - the International Newsweekly of Music, Video and Home Entertainment, 123, A, B, C, D. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/868612104
^ Jump up to: a b Harp, Justin, "Momsen 'surprised by Montag song cover'", Digital Spy, October 15, 2010, retrieved January 3, 2011
Jump up ^ "Taylor Momsen announces tour with Evanescence[permanent dead link], AHN, July 27, 2011, retrieved July 31, 2011
Jump up ^ The Pretty Reckless Bring 'Medicine Tour' Stateside By Tara Hall on January 31, 2012 5:56 pm – Soundspike
Jump up ^ "Kill Me [Explicit]". Amazon.com. Amazon.com. 2012. Retrieved November 30, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Taylor Momsen of The Pretty Reckless - 'Wikipedia: Fact or Fiction?'". Loudwire. Retrieved 2016-03-28.
Jump up ^ "Taylor Momsen: 'I admire Shirley Manson' - Music News". Digital Spy. 29 August 2010. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "I love Oasis. I love Noel Gallagher. He's a great songwriter. I'd love to be able to write a song with him at some point". The A.V. Club. 10 March 2011. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "THE PRETTY RECKLESS TO RELEASE NEW ALBUM 'GOING TO HELL' MARCH 18, 2014 ON RAZOR & TIE". Razor & Tie Direct L.L.C. 2014-01-21. Retrieved 2016-05-09.
Jump up ^ "'Frozen' Soundtrack Earns Its Biggest Sales Week Yet, Recalling Adele's Longevity". Billboard. Retrieved 2016-05-09.
Jump up ^ "Pretty Reckless Only Female-Fronted Band to Top Mainstream Rock With First 2 Hits". Billboard. Retrieved 2016-05-09.
^ Jump up to: a b "Video Premiere: THE PRETTY RECKLESS's 'Take Me Down'". blabbermouth.net. 2016-09-29. Retrieved 2016-09-29.
Jump up ^ "The Pretty Reckless - Chart history | Billboard". www.billboard.com. Retrieved 2016-09-29.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Taylor Momsen.
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The Pretty Reckless
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VIAF: 10175733
LCCN: n2003080676
ISNI: 0000 0000 8356 3618
GND: 141515686
SUDOC: 124063888
BNF: cb15683982x (data)
BIBSYS: 8030377
MusicBrainz: d1ecf86c-3d89-420e-b8c1-bceb6b101c61
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