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In Cold Blood
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This article is about the book by Truman Capote. For the film adaptation, see In Cold Blood (film). For the TV miniseries, see In Cold Blood (miniseries). For other uses, see In Cold Blood (disambiguation).
In Cold Blood: A True Account of a Multiple Murder and Its Consequences
Author
Truman Capote
Original title
In Cold Blood
Cover artist
S. Neil Fujita
Country
United States
Language
English
Genre
Nonfiction/Literature
Publisher
Random House
Publication date
1966 (see #Publication for more information)
Media type
Print (Hardback and Paperback), e-book, audio-CD
Pages
343 pp (Paperback edition)
ISBN
0-679-74558-0 (Paperback edition)
OCLC
28710511
Dewey Decimal
364.1/523/0978144 20
LC Class
HV6533.K3 C3 1994
In Cold Blood is a non-fiction novel[1] by American author Truman Capote, first published in 1966; it details the 1959 murders of four members of the Herbert Clutter family in the small farming community of Holcomb, Kansas.
When Capote learned of the quadruple murder, before the killers were captured, he decided to travel to Kansas and write about the crime. He was accompanied by his childhood friend and fellow author Harper Lee, and together they interviewed local residents and investigators assigned to the case and took thousands of pages of notes. The killers, Richard "Dick" Hickock and Perry Smith, were arrested six weeks after the murders and later executed by the state of Kansas. Capote ultimately spent six years working on the book. When finally published, In Cold Blood was an instant success, and today is the second-biggest-selling true crime book in publishing history, behind Vincent Bugliosi's 1974 book Helter Skelter about the Charles Manson murders.[2]
Some critics consider Capote's work the original non-fiction novel, though other writers had already explored the genre, such as Rodolfo Walsh in Operación Masacre (1957). It has been especially lauded for its eloquent prose, extensive detail, and simultaneous triple narrative, which describes the lives of the murderers, the victims, and other members of the rural community in alternating sequences. The psychologies and backgrounds of Hickock and Smith are given special attention, as well as the complex relationship that existed between them during and after the murders. In Cold Blood is regarded by critics as a pioneering work in the true crime genre, though Capote was disappointed that the book failed to win the Pulitzer Prize.[3] Critics have also noted that parts of the book, including important details, differ from the real events.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview of the crime
2 Capote's research
2.1 Veracity
3 Publication
4 Reviews and impact
5 Adaptations
5.1 Film
5.2 Television
5.3 Graphic novel
6 See also
7 References
7.1 General references
7.2 Inline citations
8 External links
Overview of the crime[edit]
Herb Clutter was a prosperous farmer in western Kansas. He employed as many as 18 farmhands, who admired and respected him for his fair treatment and good wages. Two elder daughters, Eveanna and Beverly, had moved out and started their adult lives; Nancy, 16, and Kenyon, 15, were in high school. Clutter's wife Bonnie had reportedly been incapacitated by clinical depression and physical ailments since the births of her children, although this was later disputed.
Two ex-convicts recently paroled from the Kansas State Penitentiary, Richard Eugene "Dick" Hickock and Perry Edward Smith, committed the robbery and murders in the early morning hours of November 15, 1959. A former cellmate of Hickock's, Floyd Wells, had worked for Herb Clutter and told Hickock that Clutter kept large amounts of cash in a safe. Hickock soon hatched the idea to steal the safe and start a new life in Mexico. According to Capote, Hickock described his plan as "a cinch, the perfect score." Hickock later contacted Smith, another former cellmate, about committing the robbery with him.[5] In fact, Herb Clutter had no safe and did all his business by check.
After driving more than four hundred miles across the state of Kansas on the evening of November 14, Hickock and Smith arrived in Holcomb, located the Clutter home, and entered through an unlocked door while the family slept. Upon rousing the Clutters and discovering there was no safe, they bound and gagged the family and continued to search for money, but found little else of value in the house. Still determined to leave no witnesses, the pair briefly debated what to do; Smith, notoriously unstable and prone to violent acts in fits of rage, slit Herb Clutter's throat and then shot him in the head. Capote writes that Smith recounted later, "I didn't want to harm the man. I thought he was a very nice gentleman. Soft spoken. I thought so right up to the moment I cut his throat."[6] Kenyon, Nancy, and then Mrs. Clutter were also murdered, each by a single shotgun blast to the head. Hickock and Smith left the crime scene with a small portable radio, a pair of binoculars, and less than fifty dollars in cash.
Smith later claimed in his oral confession that Hickock murdered the two women. When asked to sign his confession, however, Smith refused. According to Capote, he wanted to accept responsibility for all four killings because, he said, he was "sorry for Dick's mother." Smith added, "She's a real sweet person."[7] Hickock always maintained that Smith committed all four killings.
On the basis of a tip from Wells, who contacted the prison warden after hearing of the murders, Hickock and Smith were identified as suspects and arrested in Las Vegas on December 30, 1959. Both men eventually confessed after interrogations by detectives of the Kansas Bureau of Investigation. They were brought back to Kansas, where they were tried together for the murders. Their trial took place at the Finney County courthouse in Garden City, Kansas, from March 22 to March 29, 1960. They both pleaded temporary insanity at the trial, but local GPs evaluated the accused and pronounced them sane. The jury deliberated for only 45 minutes before finding both Hickock and Smith guilty of murder. Their conviction carried a mandatory death sentence at the time.
After five years on death row at the Kansas State Penitentiary (now known as Lansing Correctional Facility) in Lansing, Kansas, Smith and Hickock were executed by hanging just after midnight on April 14, 1965. Hickock was executed first and was pronounced dead at 12:41 a.m. after hanging for nearly 20 minutes. Smith followed shortly after and was pronounced dead at 1:19 a.m. Warden Official Greg Seamon presided over the executions in Lansing. The gallows used in their executions now forms part of the collections of the Kansas State Historical Society.[8]
Hickock and Smith are also suspected of involvement in the Walker family murders, a notion which is mentioned in the book, though this connection has not been proven.
Capote's research[edit]
Clutter family home in Holcomb, Kansas, in March 2009.
Capote became interested in the murders after reading about it in The New York Times.[9] He brought his childhood friend Nelle Harper Lee (who would later win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for her novel To Kill a Mockingbird) to help gain the confidence of the locals in Kansas. Capote did copious research for the book, ultimately compiling 8,000 pages of notes.[10] Capote's research also included letters from Smith's Army buddy, Don Cullivan, who was present during the trial.[11] After the criminals were found, tried, and convicted, Capote conducted personal interviews with both Smith and Hickock. Smith especially fascinated Capote; in the book he is portrayed as the more sensitive and guilt-ridden of the two killers. The book was not completed until after Smith and Hickock were executed.
An alternate explanation for Capote's interest holds that The New Yorker presented the Clutter story to him as one of two choices for a story, the other being to follow a Manhattan cleaning woman on her rounds. Capote supposedly chose the Clutter story, believing it would be the easier assignment.[12] Capote later did write a piece about following a cleaning woman, which he entitled "A Day's Work" and included in his book Music for Chameleons.
Veracity[edit]
In Cold Blood brought Capote much praise from the literary community. Yet despite the book's billing as a factual account, critics have questioned its veracity, arguing that Capote changed facts to suit the story, added scenes that had never taken place, and manufactured dialogue.[4][13] Writing in Esquire in 1966, Phillip K. Tompkins noted factual discrepancies after he traveled to Kansas and talked to some of the same people interviewed by Capote. In a telephone interview with Tompkins, Josephine Meier, the wife of Finney County Undersheriff Wendle Meier, denied that she heard Smith cry and that she held his hand as described by Capote. In Cold Blood indicates that Meier and Smith became close, yet she told Tompkins she spent little time with Smith and did not talk much with him. Tompkins concluded:
Capote has, in short, achieved a work of art. He has told exceedingly well a tale of high terror in his own way. But, despite the brilliance of his self-publicizing efforts, he has made both a tactical and a moral error that will hurt him in the short run. By insisting that ‘every word’ of his book is true he has made himself vulnerable to those readers who are prepared to examine seriously such a sweeping claim.
True crime writer Jack Olsen also commented on the alleged fabrications:
I recognized it as a work of art, but I know fakery when I see it, […] Capote completely fabricated quotes and whole scenes... The book made something like $6 million in 1960s money, and nobody wanted to discuss anything wrong with a moneymaker like that in the publishing business.
His criticisms were quoted in Esquire, to which Capote replied, "Jack Olsen is just jealous."[14]
That was true, of course, […] I was jealous—all that money? I'd been assigned the Clutter case by Harper & Row until we found out that Capote and his cousin [sic], Harper Lee, had been already on the case in Dodge City for six months. […] That book did two things. It made true crime an interesting, successful, commercial genre, but it also began the process of tearing it down. I blew the whistle in my own weak way. I'd only published a couple of books at that time—but since it was such a superbly written book, nobody wanted to hear about it.[14]
Alvin Dewey, the lead investigator portrayed in In Cold Blood, later said that the last scene, in which he visits the Clutters' graves, was Capote's invention, while other Kansas residents whom Capote interviewed have claimed they or their relatives were mischaracterized or misquoted.[15] Dewey said that the rest of the book was factually accurate. Further evidence indicates that the book is not as “immaculately factual” as Capote had always claimed it to be. The book depicts Dewey as being the brilliant investigator who cracks the Clutter murder case, but files recovered from the Kansas Bureau of Investigation show that when Floyd Wells came forward naming Richard Hickock and Perry Smith as likely suspects, Dewey did not immediately act on the information, as the book portrays him doing, because Dewey still held to his belief that the murders were committed by locals who "had a grudge against Herb Clutter".[4]
Publication[edit]
In Cold Blood was first published as a four-part serial in The New Yorker, beginning with the September 25, 1965 issue. The piece was an immediate sensation, particularly in Kansas, where the usual number of New Yorker copies sold out immediately. In Cold Blood was first published in book form by Random House in January 1966.[16] The book, however, was copyrighted in 1965, and this date appears on the title page of most printings of the book and even in some library indices as the original publication date. The Library of Congress lists 1966 as the publication date and 1965 as the copyright date.[17]
The cover, which was designed by S. Neil Fujita, shows a hatpin with what appeared originally as a red drop of blood at its top end. After Capote first saw the design, he requested that the drop be made a deeper shade of red to represent the passage of time since the incident. A black border was added to the ominous image.[18]
Reviews and impact[edit]
Writing for The New York Times, Conrad Knickerbocker gave praise to Capote's talent for detail throughout the novel and declared the book a "masterpiece" — an "agonizing, terrible, possessed, proof that the times, so surfeited with disasters, are still capable of tragedy".[19]
In a controversial review of the novel published in 1966 for The New Republic, Stanley Kauffmann, criticising Capote's writing style throughout the novel, states that he "demonstrates on almost every page that he is the most outrageously overrated stylist of our time" and later asserts that "the depth in this book is no deeper than its mine-shaft of factual detail; its height is rarely higher than that of good journalism and often falls below it."[20]
Tom Wolfe wrote in his essay "Pornoviolence": "The book is neither a who-done-it nor a will-they-be-caught, since the answers to both questions are known from the outset... Instead, the book's suspense is based largely on a totally new idea in detective stories: the promise of gory details, and the withholding of them until the end."[21]
In The Independent's Book of a Lifetime series, reviewer Kate Colquhoun asserts that "the book – for which he made a reputed 8000 pages of research notes – is plotted and structured with taut writerly flair. Its characters pulse with recognisable life; its places are palpable. Careful prose binds the reader to his unfolding story. Put simply, the book was conceived of journalism and born of a novelist."[22]
Adaptations[edit]
Film[edit]
Three film adaptations based upon the book have been produced. The first focuses on the details of the book, whereas the later two explore Capote's fascination with researching the novel. The first adaptation was the 1967 film of the same name by Richard Brooks, who directed and adapted the screenplay. It starred Robert Blake as Perry Smith and Scott Wilson as Richard Hickock. John Forsythe played the investigator (Alvin Dewey), from the Kansas Bureau of Investigation, who apprehended the killers.[23][24] The film, shot in black and white,[23] was nominated for four Academy Awards: Best Director, Best Original Score, Best Cinematography, and Best Adapted Screenplay.[24][25]
The second and third film adaptations tell the story of Capote's experiences in writing the story and his subsequent fascination with the murders. Capote (2005) starred Philip Seymour Hoffman, who won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Truman Capote, Clifton Collins, Jr. as Perry Smith, and Catherine Keener as Harper Lee.[26] The film was critically acclaimed,[27] and was nominated for five Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Actor (Hoffman), Best Supporting Actress (Keener), Best Director (Bennett Miller), and Best Adapted Screenplay (Dan Futterman).[28]
A year later the 2006 film Infamous, starring Toby Jones as Capote, Daniel Craig as Smith, and Sandra Bullock as Lee, was released to favorable reviews.[29]
Television[edit]
Main article: In Cold Blood (miniseries)
The book was adapted into a two-part 1996 television miniseries starring Anthony Edwards, Eric Roberts, and Sam Neill,[30] portraying, respectively, Dick Hickock, Perry Smith, and Alvin Dewey.[31]
Graphic novel[edit]
Oni Press published a graphic novel, Capote in Kansas, by Ande Parks and Chris Samnee, in 2005.[32]
See also[edit]
George York and James Latham
Lowell Lee Andrews
Capital punishment in Kansas
New Journalism
Trial movies
References[edit]
General references[edit]
Clarke, Gerald (1988). Capote, A Biography (1st ed.). New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-241-12549-6.
Davis, Deborah (2006). Party of the Century: The Fabulous Story of Truman Capote and His Black and White Ball (1st ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-09821-9.
Inline citations[edit]
Jump up ^ Plimpton, George (January 16, 1966). "The Story Behind a Nonfiction Novel". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ Ferri, Jessica (December 28, 2016). "Capote's Masterpiece 'In Cold Blood' Still Vivid at 50". The Daily Beast. Retrieved November 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ Thomson, Rupert (6 Aug 2011). "The Story of a Town". The Guardian. p. 16.
^ Jump up to: a b c Helliker, Kevin (February 8, 2013). "Capote Classic 'In Cold Blood' Tainted by Long-Lost Files". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved February 12, 2013.
Jump up ^ In Cold Blood, p. 44
Jump up ^ In Cold Blood, p. 244
Jump up ^ In Cold Blood, p. 255
Jump up ^ "Gallows, Kansas State Penitentiary, Lansing, Kansas". Retrieved 8 October 2014.
Jump up ^ Standen, Amy (January 22, 2002). "In Cold Blood". Salon.com. Retrieved 2007-06-21.
Jump up ^ "In Cold Blood: Analysis". Spark notes. Retrieved 2008-03-16.
Jump up ^ Myrick, Steve (September 24, 2015). "Fifty years later Cold blood still fresh". Martha's Vineyard Gazette.
Jump up ^ Davis, pp 60—1
Jump up ^ Mass, Mark. "Capote's Legacy: The Challenge of Creativity and Credibility in Literary Journalism". Listserv Archives. MSU. Archived from the original on 11 September 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Hood, Michael. "True Crime Doesn't Pay: A Conversation with Jack Olsen". Point No Point. Jack Olsen. Archived from the original on June 3, 2010. Retrieved March 8, 2010.
Jump up ^ Van Jensen (April 3, 2005). "Writing history: Capote's novel has lasting effect on journalism". Lawrence, Kansas Journal World.
Jump up ^ Clarke, Gerald (1988) Capote: A Biography. Simon and Schuster. P. 362–363.
Jump up ^ LCCN 65011257. In Cold Blood listing with the Library of Congress
Jump up ^ Grimes, William (October 27, 2010). "S. Neil Fujita, Innovative Graphic Designer, Dies at 89". The New York Times. Retrieved October 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ Knickerbocker, Conrad (January 16, 1966). "One Night on a Kansas Farm". The New York Times. Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr. Retrieved March 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kauffmann, Stanley (1966-01-22). "Capote in Kansas". The New Republic. Hamilton Fish. Retrieved 2016-03-03.
Jump up ^ Wolfe, Tom: "Mauve Gloves & Madmen, Clutter & Vine", pp. 163–64. Picador, 1990.
Jump up ^ Colquhoun, Kate (2011-05-12). "Book Of A Lifetime: In Cold Blood, By Truman Capote". The Independent. Independent Print Limited. Retrieved 2016-03-03.
^ Jump up to: a b Patterson, John (September 7, 2015). "In Cold Blood: why isn’t the movie of Capote’s bestseller a masterpiece?". The Guardian.
^ Jump up to: a b Stafford, Jeff (January 8, 2018). "In Cold Blood". Turner Classic Movies.
Jump up ^ "The 40th Academy Awards". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 2015. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Stephen (April 26, 2006). "The Great American Drama Queen". Slate.
Jump up ^ "Capote (2005)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The 78th Academy Awards". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 2006. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Infamous (2006)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Robinson, Joanna (April 14, 2015). "Why a New In Cold Blood TV Show Misses the Point of the True-Crime Craze". Vanity Fair.
Jump up ^ "In Cold Blood (1996)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Goldstein, Hilary (August 3, 2005). "Capote in Kansas Review: The path taken to write In Cold Blood." IGN.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: In Cold Blood
In Cold Blood, Part I: "The Last to See Them Alive" in The New Yorker (September 25, 1965); the three subsequent installments are available in synopsis only:
Part II: "Persons Unknown" (Abstract) (October 2, 1965)
Part III: "Answers" (Abstract) (October 9, 1965)
Part IV: "The Corner" (Abstract) (October 16, 1965)
In Cold Blood, a Legacy in Photos
Photos of the first edition of In Cold Blood
Literapedia Book Summaries for In Cold Blood
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The Greatest Story Ever Told
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the film. For other uses, see The Greatest Story Ever Told (disambiguation).
The Greatest Story Ever Told
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
George Stevens
Produced by
George Stevens
Screenplay by
James Lee Barrett
George Stevens
Starring
Max von Sydow
Dorothy McGuire
Charlton Heston
José Ferrer
Telly Savalas
Music by
Alfred Newman
Cinematography
Loyal Griggs
William C. Mellor
Edited by
Harold F. Kress
Argyle Nelson, Jr.
Frank O'Neil
Production
company
George Stevens Productions
Distributed by
United Artists
Release date
April 9, 1965 (1965-04-09) (UK)
Running time
260 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$20 million[1]
Box office
$15.5 million[1]
The Greatest Story Ever Told is a 1965 American epic film produced and directed by George Stevens. It is a retelling of the story of Jesus Christ, from the Nativity through to the Resurrection. This film is notable for its large ensemble cast and for being the last film appearance of Claude Rains.
Contents
[hide]
1 Cast
2 Pre-production
3 Casting
4 Production
5 Release and reception
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Cast[edit]
The major roles in the movie were following:
Max von Sydow as Jesus
Dorothy McGuire as the Virgin Mary
Charlton Heston as John the Baptist
Claude Rains as Herod the Great
José Ferrer as Herod Antipas
Telly Savalas as Pontius Pilate
Martin Landau as Caiaphas
David McCallum as Judas Iscariot
Donald Pleasence as "The Dark Hermit" (a personification of Satan)
Michael Anderson, Jr. as James the Just
Roddy McDowall as Matthew
Joanna Dunham as Mary Magdalene
Joseph Schildkraut as Nicodemus
Ed Wynn as "Old Aram"
Smaller roles (some only a few seconds) were played by Michael Ansara, Ina Balin, Carroll Baker, Robert Blake, Pat Boone, Victor Buono, John Considine, Richard Conte, John Crawford, Jamie Farr, David Hedison, Van Heflin, Russell Johnson, Angela Lansbury, Mark Lenard, Robert Loggia, John Lupton, Janet Margolin, Sal Mineo, Nehemiah Persoff, Sidney Poitier, Gary Raymond, Marian Seldes, David Sheiner, Abraham Sofaer, Paul Stewart, John Wayne, Shelley Winters, and Peter Mann.
As of March 2018, Max von Sydow, David McCallum, Angela Lansbury, Sidney Poitier, Gary Raymond, John Considine, David Hedison, Pat Boone, Jamie Farr, Robert Blake, David Sheiner, and Michael Anderson Jr. are the only surviving main cast members.
Pre-production[edit]
The Greatest Story Ever Told originated as a U.S. radio series in 1947, half-hour episodes inspired by the Gospels. The series was adapted into a 1949 novel by Fulton Oursler, a senior editor at Reader's Digest.[2] Darryl F. Zanuck, the head of 20th Century Fox, acquired the film rights to the Oursler novel shortly after publication,[3] but never brought it to pre-production.[4]
In 1958, when George Stevens was producing and directing The Diary of Anne Frank at 20th Century Fox, he became aware that the studio owned the rights to the Oursler property. Stevens created a company, "The Greatest Story Productions", to film the novel.[4]
Pre-production poster from 1960, with John Wayne as the Centurion.
The screenplay took two years to write. Stevens collaborated with Ivan Moffat and then with James Lee Barrett. It was the only time Stevens received screenplay credit for a film he directed.[4] Ray Bradbury and Reginald Rose were considered but neither participated. The poet Carl Sandburg was solicited, though it is not certain if any of his contributions were included. Sandburg, however, did receive screen credit for "creative association."[4][5]
Financial excesses began to grow during pre-production. Stevens commissioned French artist André Girard to prepare 352 oil paintings of Biblical scenes to use as storyboards. Stevens also traveled to the Vatican to see Pope John XXIII for advice.[2]
In August 1961, 20th Century Fox withdrew from the project, noting that $2.3 million had been spent without any footage being shot. Stevens was given two years to find another studio or 20th Century Fox would reclaim its rights. Stevens moved the film to United Artists.[2]
Meanwhile, MGM proceeded with their own 1961 Technicolor epic about the life of Christ, King of Kings, starring Jeffrey Hunter as Jesus, which was filmed in Spain, and when released was nearly an hour shorter than The Greatest Story Ever Told.
Casting[edit]
For The Greatest Story Ever Told, Stevens cast Swedish actor Max von Sydow as Jesus. Von Sydow had never appeared in an English-language film and was best known for his performances in Ingmar Bergman's dramatic films.[6] Stevens wanted an actor unknown to international audiences, free of secular and unseemly associations in the mind of the public.[7]
The Greatest Story Ever Told featured an ensemble of well-known actors, many of them in brief, even cameo, appearances. Some critics would later complain that the large cast distracted from the solemnity, notably in the appearance of John Wayne as the Roman centurion who comments on the Crucifixion, in his well-known voice, by stating: "Truly this man was the Son of God."[8][9]
Production[edit]
Stevens shot The Greatest Story Ever Told in the U.S. southwest, in Arizona, California, Nevada and Utah. Pyramid Lake in Nevada represented the Sea of Galilee, Lake Moab in Utah[10] was used to film the Sermon on the Mount, and California's Death Valley was the setting of Jesus' 40-day journey into the wilderness.[2][11] Parts of the film were also shot at Lake Powell, Canyonlands and Dead Horse Point in Utah.[12]
Stevens explained his decision to use the U.S. rather than in the Middle East or Europe in 1962. "I wanted to get an effect of grandeur as a background to Christ, and none of the Holy Land areas shape up with the excitement of the American southwest," he said. "I know that Colorado is not the Jordan, nor is Southern Utah Palestine. But our intention is to romanticize the area, and it can be done better here."[2]
Forty-seven sets were constructed, on location and in Hollywood studios, to accommodate Stevens' vision.[13] The Jerusalem city set was built near the northwest corner of RKO Forty Acres by early 1963, and was demolished soon after filming was completed that summer.[14]
To fill location scenes with extras, Stevens turned to local sources – R.O.T.C. cadets from an Arizona high school played Roman soldiers (after 550 Navajo Indians from a nearby reservation allegedly did not give a convincing performance; other sources claim they weren't on set long enough and left early to take part in a tribal election[15])[16] and Arizona Department of Welfare provided disabled state aid recipients to play the afflicted who sought Jesus' healing.[2]
Principal photography was scheduled to run three months but ran nine months or more[17] due to numerous delays and setbacks (most of which were due to Stevens' insistence on shooting dozens of retakes in every scene).[18] Joseph Schildkraut died before completing his performance as Nicodemus, requiring scenes to be rewritten around his absence. Cinematographer William C. Mellor had a fatal heart attack during production; Loyal Griggs, who won an Academy Award for his cinematography on Stevens’ 1953 Western classic Shane, was brought in to replace him. Joanna Dunham became pregnant, which required costume redesigns and carefully chosen camera angles.[2]
Much of the production was shot during the winter of 1962-1963, when Arizona had heavy snow. Actor David Sheiner, who played James the Elder, quipped in an interview about the snowdrifts: "I thought we were shooting Nanook of the North."[19] Stevens was also under pressure to hurry the John the Baptist sequence, which was shot at the Glen Canyon area – it was scheduled to become Lake Powell with the completion of the Glen Canyon Dam, and the production held up the project.[2]
Stevens brought in two veteran filmmakers. Jean Negulesco filmed sequences in the Jerusalem streets and the Nativity scenes, while David Lean shot the prologue featuring Herod the Great.[4] Lean cast Claude Rains as Herod.[20]
By the time shooting was completed in August 1963, Stevens had amassed six million feet of Ultra Panavision 70 film (about 1829 km or 1136 miles, roughly the radius of the Moon). The budget ran to $20 million (equivalent to $142 million in 2010) plus additional editing and promotion charges,[21] making it the most expensive film shot in the U.S.[4][22]
The film was advertised on its first run as being shown in Cinerama. While it was shown on an ultra-curved screen, it was with one projector. True Cinerama required three projectors running simultaneously. A dozen other films were presented this way in the 1960s.
Release and reception[edit]
The Greatest Story Ever Told premiered 15 February 1965, 18 months after filming wrapped, at the Warner Cinerama Theatre in New York City. Critical reaction toward the movie was divided once it premiered. In its favor, Variety called the film "a big, powerful moving picture demonstrating vast cinematic resource." The Hollywood Reporter stated: "George Stevens has created a novel, reverent and important film with his view of this crucial event in the history of mankind."[4]
However, Bosley Crowther in The New York Times wrote: "The most distracting nonsense is the pop-up of familiar faces in so-called cameo roles, jarring the illusion." Shana Alexander in Life Magazine stated: "The pace was so stupefying that I felt not uplifted – but sandbagged!"[4] And John Simon – later notorious as the frequently scathing theater and film critic of New York Magazine – wrote: "God is unlucky in The Greatest Story Ever Told. His only begotten son turns out to be a bore."[23] Bruce Williamson, in Playboy Magazine, likewise called the movie "a big windy bore."[24]
Brendan Gill wrote in The New Yorker:
If the subject matter weren't sacred in the original, we would be responding to the picture in the most charitable way possible by laughing at it from start to finish; this Christian mercy being denied us, we can only sit and sullenly marvel at the energy for which, for more than four hours, the note of serene vulgarity is triumphantly sustained.[24]
Stevens told a New York Times interviewer: "I have tremendous satisfaction that the job has been done – to its completion – the way I wanted it done; the way I know it should have been done. It belongs to the audiences now…and I prefer to let them judge."[4] Reviews to the film continue to be mixed, as it currently holds a 37% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 19 reviews.[25]
The original running time was 4 hr 20 min (260 min).[23] The time was revised three times, to 3 hr 58 min (238 min); to 3 hr 17 min (197 min) for the United Kingdom, and finally 2 hr 17 min (137 min) for general U.S. release.[2] Commercially, the film was not successful (by 1983 it had grossed less than $8 million, perhaps 17 percent of the amount required to break even),[21] and its inability to connect with audiences discouraged production of biblical epics for years.[26]
For the 2001 DVD release, a 3 hr 19 min (199 min) version was presented along with a documentary called He Walks With Beauty, which detailed the film’s tumultuous production history. Its Blu-ray release appeared in 2011.[13]
Despite the mixed critical reception and low box office receipts, The Greatest Story Ever Told was nominated for five Academy Awards:[27]
Awards
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient
Outcome
Academy Awards[28] April 18, 1966 Best Cinematography, Color William C. Mellor (posthumous nomination) and Loyal Griggs Nominated
Best Art Direction – Set Decoration, Color Art Direction: Richard Day, William J. Creber, and David S. Hall (posthumous nomination)
Set Decoration: Ray Moyer, Fred M. MacLean, and Norman Rockett
Best Costume Design, Color Marjorie Best and Vittorio Nino Novarese
Best Effects, Special Visual Effects J. McMillan Johnson
Best Music, Score – Substantially Original Alfred Newman
The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:
2005: AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores – Nominated[29]
2006: AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers – Nominated[30]
2008: AFI's 10 Top 10:
Nominated Epic Film[31]
See also[edit]
List of American films of 1965
Cultural depictions of Jesus
King of Kings – an earlier film about the life of Jesus, released in 1961.
Whitewashing in film, the practice of casting a white actor in a traditionally nonwhite role
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965)". The Numbers. Retrieved January 22, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Medved, Harry & Michael. "The Hollywood Hall of Shame." Perigree Books, 1984. ISBN 0-399-50714-0
Jump up ^ Henry Denker, who wrote or co-wrote many of the radio episodes, was co-recipient of the purchase money - see Hollywood Hall of Shame p. 134
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "Giant". google.com.
Jump up ^ The movie's opening credits include: Screenplay by James Lee Barrett and George Stevens, based on the Books of the Old and New Testaments, Other Ancient Writings, the Writings of Fulton Oursler and Henry Denker, and in Creative Association with Carl Sandburg (see Hollywood Hall of Shame, p. 136)
Jump up ^ Walker, John. "Halliwell's Who's Who in the Movies." HarperCollins, 2001. ISBN 0-06-093507-3
Jump up ^ Hollywood Hall of Shame, p. 138
Jump up ^ "The Greatest Story Ever Told". Turner Classic Movies.
Jump up ^ "It is impossible for those watching the film to avoid the merry game of 'Spot the Star', and the road to Calvary in particular comes to resemble the Hollywood Boulevard 'Walk of Fame'." Hollywood Hall of Shame, p. 137
Jump up ^ There is no Sake Moab in Utah, although Medved wrote that in Hollywood Ball of Shame
Jump up ^ Land, Barbara; Myrick Land (1995). A short history of Reno. Reno, Nevada: University of Nevada Press. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-87417-262-1.
Jump up ^ D'Arc, James V. (2010). When Hollywood came to town: a history of moviemaking in Utah (1st ed.). Layton, Utah: Gibbs Smith. ISBN 9781423605874.
^ Jump up to: a b "DVD Verdict Review - The Greatest Story Ever Told". DVD Verdict.
Jump up ^ "40 Acres - The Lost Studio Backlot of Movie & Television Fame - The Desilu Years". www.retroweb.com.
Jump up ^ "The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965) - Trivia - TCM.com". Turner Classic Movies.
Jump up ^ Hollywood Hall of Shame p. 139
Jump up ^ John Consodine stated, "I only signed up for 15 weeks on location, but I ended up staying for 54." see Hollywood Hall of Shame, p. 140
Jump up ^ "For the 'Raising of Lazarus' scene, for example, Stevens ordered more than 30 different camera setups and forced the actors through their paces 20 times." Hollywood Hall of Shame, p. 140
Jump up ^ "Several hundred volunteers . . braved the elements with shovels, wheelbarrows, bulldozers, and fifty butane flame throwers to remove the snow from the expensive replica of the Holy Land." Hollywood Hall of Shame, p. 140
Jump up ^ Skal, David J. "Claude Rains: An Actor’s Voice." University Press of Kentucky, 2008. ISBN 978-0-8131-2432-2
^ Jump up to: a b Hollywood Hall of Shame, p. 142
Jump up ^ "Such giants as Cleopatra and Lawrence of Arabia did boast bigger budgets, but they were shot on foreign soil." Hollywood Hall of Shame, p. 137
^ Jump up to: a b "Jesus Christ, cinema star". Boston.com.
^ Jump up to: a b quoted in Hollywood Hall of Shame, p. 141
Jump up ^ "The Greatest Story Ever Told". rottentomatoes.com. 15 February 1965.
Jump up ^ Steven D. Greydanus. "The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965)". Decent Films.
Jump up ^ "NY Times: The Greatest Story Ever Told". NY Times. Retrieved 2008-12-26.
Jump up ^ "The 38th Academy Awards (1966) Nominees and Winners". oscars.org. Retrieved 2016-08-04.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores Nominees" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-08-14.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers Nominees" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-08-14.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 10 Top 10 Nominees" (PDF). Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2016-08-19. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Greatest Story Ever Told
The Greatest Story Ever Told at the American Film Institute Catalog
The Greatest Story Ever Told on IMDb
The Greatest Story Ever Told at the TCM Movie Database
The Greatest Story Ever Told at AllMovie
The Greatest Story Ever Told at Rotten Tomatoes
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by George Stevens
Films
The Cohens and Kellys in Trouble (1933)
Kentucky Kernels (1934)
Bachelor Bait (1934)
Laddie (1935)
The Nitwits (1935)
Alice Adams (1935)
Annie Oakley (1935)
Swing Time (1936)
Quality Street (1937)
A Damsel in Distress (1937)
Vivacious Lady (1938)
Gunga Din (1939)
Vigil in the Night (1940)
Penny Serenade (1941)
Woman of the Year (1942)
The Talk of the Town (1942)
The More the Merrier (1943)
That Justice Be Done (1946)
On Our Merry Way (1948)
I Remember Mama (1948)
A Place in the Sun (1951)
Something to Live For (1952)
Shane (1953)
Giant (1956)
The Diary of Anne Frank (1959)
The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965)
The Only Game in Town (1970)
Related
Five Came Back (2017 documentary)
[show]
v
t
e
Cinerama
Films
Three-panel
This Is Cinerama (1952)
Cinerama Holiday (1955)
Seven Wonders of the World (1956)
Search for Paradise (1957)
South Seas Adventure (1958)
Windjammer (1958)
The Wonderful World of the Brothers Grimm (1962)
Holiday in Spain (1962)
How the West Was Won (1962)
The Best of Cinerama (1963)
Cinerama's Russian Adventure (1966)
70 mm
It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963)
Circus World (1964)
Mediterranean Holiday (1964)
The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965)
The Hallelujah Trail (1965)
Battle of the Bulge (1965)
Khartoum (1966)
Grand Prix (1966)
Custer of the West (1967)
2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)
Ice Station Zebra (1968)
Krakatoa, East of Java (1969)
Song of Norway (1970)
The Great Waltz (1972)
Fisheye
To the Moon and Beyond (1964)
Venues
Present: Cinerama Dome
Pictureville Cinema
Seattle Cinerama
Former: Indian Hills Theater
People
Merian C. Cooper
Hazard E. Reeves
Lowell Thomas
Mike Todd
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Cinerama Adventure
Cinerama Releasing Corporation
Kinopanorama
Multi-image
Polyvision
Super Panavision 70
Ultra Panavision 70
Todd-AO process
Waller Gunnery Trainer
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Categories:
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Films shot in Arizona
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Depictions of Herod the Great on film
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Biographical films about Jesus
Film portrayals of Jesus' death and resurrection
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text:
Pakistan national cricket team record by opponent
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The Pakistan national cricket team against New Zealand during the 2009 ICC World Twenty20 at The Oval.
The Pakistan national cricket team represents Pakistan in international cricket and is a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) with Test and One Day International (ODI) status.[1] Pakistan first competed in international cricket in 1952, when they played against India in a four-day Test match; India won the match by an innings and 70 runs at the Feroz Shah Kotla Ground, Delhi.[2][3] In the same series, Pakistan recorded their first Test win, the second match by an innings and 43 runs at the University Ground, Lucknow.[4][5] As of 2017[update], Pakistan have played 410 Test matches; they have won 132 matches, lost 120 matches, and 158 matches were drawn.[6] They have also won the 1998–99 Asian Test Championship,[7] defeating Sri Lanka in the final by an innings and 175 runs.[8][9] Pakistan played their first ODI match against New Zealand in February 1973 at the Lancaster Park, Christchurch,[10] but registered their first win against England at Trent Bridge, Nottingham, in August 1974.[11] As of 2017[update], Pakistan have played 879 ODI matches, winning 464 matches and losing 389; they also tied 8 matches, whilst 18 had no result.[12] They also won the 1992 Cricket World Cup,[13][14] the 2000 and 2012 Asia Cups,[15][16] and the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy.[17] Pakistan played their first Twenty20 International (T20I) match at the County Cricket Ground, Bristol, on 28 August 2006, against England, winning the match by five wickets.[18] In 2009, they won the 2009 ICC World Twenty20, defeating Sri Lanka by eight wickets.[19] As of 2017[update], Pakistan have played 115 T20I matches and won 68 of them; 44 were lost and three were tied.[20]
As of 2017[update], Pakistan have faced nine teams in Test cricket, with their most frequent opponent being England, playing 81 matches against them.[21] Pakistan have registered more wins against New Zealand than any other team, with 24.[21] In ODI matches, Pakistan have played against 18 teams; they have played against Sri Lanka most frequently, with a winning percentage of 59.37 in 148 matches.[22] Pakistan have defeated Sri Lanka on 85 occasions, which is their best record in ODIs.[22] The team have competed against 17 different teams in T20Is, and have played 15 matches against New Zealand and Sri Lanka each. Pakistan have defeated Sri Lanka on ten occasions in T20Is.[23] They have lost to England nine times in this format of the game.[23]
Contents
[hide]
1 Key
2 Test cricket
3 One Day International
4 Twenty20 International
5 Notes
6 References
Key[edit]
.
M – Number of matches played
W – Number of matches won
L – Number of matches lost
T – Number of matches tied
D – Number of matches ended in a draw
NR – Number of matches ended with no result
Tie+W – Number of matches tied and then won in a tiebreaker such as a bowl-out or Super Over
Tie+L – Number of matches tied and then lost in a tiebreaker such as a bowl-out or Super Over
Win% – Percentage of games won to those played[n 1]
Loss% – Percentage of games lost to those played[n 1]
Draw% – Percentage of games drawn to those played[n 1]
First – Year of the first match played by Pakistan against the country
Last – Year of the last match played by Pakistan against the country
Test cricket[edit]
Statistics are correct as of 2016–17 Pakistan series against Sri Lanka in the UAE.
Pakistan's Test cricket record by opponent[21]
Opponent
M
W
L
T
D
Win%
Loss%
Draw%
First
Last
Australia
62 14 31 0 17 22.58 50.00 27.41 1956 2017
Bangladesh
10 9 0 0 1 90.00 0.00 10.00 2001 2015
England
81 20 24 0 37 24.69 29.62 45.67 1954 2016
India
59 12 9 0 38 20.33 15.25 64.40 1952 2007
New Zealand
55 24 10 0 21 43.63 18.18 38.18 1955 2016
South Africa
23 4 12 0 7 17.39 52.17 30.43 1995 2013
Sri Lanka
53 19 16 0 18 35.84 30.18 33.96 1982 2017
West Indies
52 20 17 0 15 38.46 32.69 28.84 1958 2017
Zimbabwe
17 10 3 0 4 58.82 17.64 23.52 1993 2013
Total[6]
412 132 122 0 158 32.03 29.61 38.34 1952 2017
One Day International[edit]
Statistics are correct as of 2016–17 Pakistan series against Sri Lanka in the UAE.
Pakistan's ODI record by opponent[22]
Opponent
M
W
L
T
NR
Win%
First
Last
Afghanistan
2 2 0 0 0 100.00 2012 2014
Australia
98 32 62 1 3 34.21 1975 2017
Bangladesh
35 31 4 0 0 88.57 1986 2015
Canada
2 2 0 0 0 100.00 1979 2011
England
82 31 49 0 2 38.75 1974 2017
Hong Kong
2 2 0 0 0 100.00 2004 2008
India
129 73 52 0 4 56.58 1978 2017
Ireland
7 5 1 1 0 78.57 2007 2016
Kenya
6 6 0 0 0 100.00 1996 2011
Namibia
1 1 0 0 0 100.00 2003 2003
Netherlands
3 3 0 0 0 100.00 1996 2003
New Zealand
98 53 42 1 2 55.72 1973 2016
Scotland
3 3 0 0 0 100.00 1999 2013
South Africa
73 25 47 0 1 34.72 1992 2017
Sri Lanka
153 90 58 1 4 60.73 1975 2017
United Arab Emirates
3 3 0 0 0 100.00 1994 2015
West Indies
133 60 70 3 0 46.24 1975 2017
Zimbabwe
54 47 4 1 2 91.34 1992 2015
Total[12]
884 469 389 8 18 54.61 1973 2017
Twenty20 International[edit]
Statistics are correct as of 2017 Independence Cup.
Pakistan's T20I record by opponent[23]
Opponent
M
W
L
T
Tie+W
Tie+L
NR
Win%
First
Last
Afghanistan
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 100.00 2013 2013
Australia
14 7 6 0 1 0 0 53.57 2007 2016
Bangladesh
10 8 2 0 0 0 0 80.00 2007 2016
Canada
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 100.00 2008 2008
England
14 4 9 0 0 1 0 32.14 2006 2016
India
8 1 6 0 0 1 0 18.75 2007 2016
Ireland
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 100.00 2009 2009
Kenya
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 100.00 2007 2007
Netherlands
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 100.00 2009 2009
New Zealand
15 8 7 0 0 0 0 53.3 2007 2016
Scotland
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 100.00 2007 2007
South Africa
11 5 6 0 0 0 0 45.45 2007 2013
Sri Lanka
17 12 5 0 0 0 0 70.58 2007 2017
United Arab Emirates
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 100.00 2016 2016
West Indies
11 8 3 0 0 0 0 72.72 2011 2017
World XI
3 2 1 0 0 0 0 66.66 2017 2017
Zimbabwe
9 9 0 0 0 0 0 100.00 2008 2015
Total[20]
120 72 45 0 1 2 0 60.00 2006 2017
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Games that did not have a result are not taken into consideration while calculating the result percentage. Ties are counted as half a win.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "ICC Members Countries". International Cricket Council (ICC). Archived from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
Jump up ^ "Pakistan tour of India, 1952/53: Test series – 1st Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "Story of Cricket – Asia's new found "religion"". BBC World Service. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "Pakistan tour of India, 1952/53: Test series – 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Williamson, Martin. "A history of India v Pakistan". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Records / Test matches / Team records / Results summary". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Williamson, Martin (30 October 2010). "The run-out that sparked a riot". ESPNcricinfo. Archived from the original on 22 October 2014. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "Asian Test Championship, 1998/99 – Final". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Lal, Kuldip (15 March 1999). "Awesome Pakistan win Asian Test final". ESPNcricinfo. Agence France-Presse (AFP). Retrieved 10 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "Pakistan tour of New Zealand, 1972/73: Only ODI". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "Pakistan tour of England, 1974: Prudential Trophy – 1st ODI". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Records / One-Day Internationals / Team records / Results summary". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "Benson & Hedges World Cup, 1991/92: Final". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "Imran Khan −1992". BBC Sports. 3 January 2003. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "Winners: Pakistan – Pepsi Asia Cup, 1999–2000". Wisden. ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Ethirajan, Anbarasan (22 March 2012). "Asia Cup: Pakistan beat Bangladesh in thrilling final". BBC Sports. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "Pakistan beat India by 180 runs to win ICC Champions Trophy 2017 final". The Guardian. June 18, 2017. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Pakistan in England T20I Match". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "ICC World Twenty20 – Final". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Records / Twenty20 Internationals / Team records / Results summary". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Records / Pakistan / Test matches / Result summary". ESPNcricinfo. Archived from the original on 3 October 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Records / Pakistan / One-Day Internationals / Result summary". ESPNcricinfo. Archived from the original on 3 October 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Records / Pakistan / Twenty20 Internationals / Result summary". ESPNcricinfo. Archived from the original on 3 October 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
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Pakistan national cricket team
Test Status since 1955
Based in Pakistan
Team
History of the Pakistani cricket team
Pakistani national cricket captains
Pakistan national cricket team record by opponent
Grounds
List of cricket grounds in Pakistan
Current Rankings
Test: 6th
ODI: 6th
T20I: 2nd
Culture
Cricket in Pakistan
Key personnel
Governing Body: Pakistan Cricket Board
Selection Committee: Pakistan selection committee
Coach: Mickey Arthur
Captain: Sarfaraz Ahmed
World Cup wins (1)
1992
Champions Trophy wins (1)
2017
World Twenty20 wins (1)
2009
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