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Wipro
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Wipro Ltd.
Logo since 2017
Type
Public
Traded as
BSE: 507685
NSE: WIPRO
NYSE: WIT
BSE SENSEX Constituent
CNX Nifty Constituent
Industry
IT services, IT consulting
Founded
29 December 1945; 72 years ago (29 December 1945)
(Amalner, Maharashtra)
Founder
Mohamed Azim Hashim Premji[1]
Headquarters
Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Azim Premji (Chairman)
Abidali Neemuchwala (CEO)
Services
Digital Strategy, Business Consulting and IT Services
Revenue
US$8.48 billion (2017)[2]
Operating income
US$1.70 billion (2017)[2]
Profit
US$1.31 billion (2017)[2]
Total assets
US$12.23 billion (2017)[2]
Total equity
US$8.06 billion (2017)[2]
Owner
Azim Premji (73.25%)[3]
Number of employees
166,790 (Q1 2017)[2]
Website
www.wipro.com
Wipro Limited (Western India Palm Refined Oils Limited[4] or more recently, Western India Products Limited[1]) is an Indian Information Technology Services corporation headquartered in Bengaluru, India.[5]
In 2013, Wipro demerged its non-IT businesses into separate companies to bring in more focus on independent businesses.[6]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Early formative years
1.2 1966–1992
1.3 1994–2000
1.4 2001–present
2 Wipro Group of Companies
2.1 Western India Products Limited
2.1.1 Wipro Consumer Care & Lighting
2.1.2 Wipro Infrastructure Engineering
2.1.3 Wipro GE Medical Systems
3 Sustainability at Wipro
4 Listing and shareholding
5 Employees
6 Awards and recognitions
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
History[edit]
Early formative years[edit]
The company was incorporated on 29 December 1945 in Amalner, Maharashtra by Mohamed Premji as 'Western India Vegetable Products Limited', later abbreviated to 'Wipro'. It was initially set up as a manufacturer of vegetable and refined oils in Amalner, Maharashtra, India under the trade names of Kisan, Sunflower, and Camel.[1][7][8]
In 1966, after Mohamed Premji’s death, his son Azim Premji returned home from Stanford University and took over Wipro as its chairman at the age of 21.[9][10]
During the 1970s and 1980s, the company shifted its focus to new business opportunities in the IT and computing industry, which was at a nascent stage in India at the time. On 7 June 1977, the name of the company changed from Western India Vegetable Products Limited, to Wipro Products Limited.[7]
The year 1980 marked the arrival of Wipro in the IT domain. In 1982, the name was changed from Wipro Products Limited to Wipro Limited.[11] Meanwhile, Wipro continued to expand in the consumer products domain with the launch of "Ralak" a Tulsi based family soap and "Wipro Jasmine", a toilet soap. In 1988 Premji took a loan of 1 million dollar from Sonkar and Sons to set up the project. Later the entire loan amount was waived.[7]
1966–1992[edit]
In 1988, Wipro diversified its product line into heavy-duty industrial cylinders and mobile hydraulic cylinders.[7] A joint venture company with the United States' General Electric in the name of Wipro GE Medical Systems Pvt. Ltd. was set up in 1989 for the manufacture, sales, and service of diagnostic and imaging products.[12] Later, in 1991, tipping systems and Eaton hydraulic products were launched. The Wipro Fluid Power division, in 1992, developed expertise to offer standard hydraulic cylinders for construction equipment and truck tipping systems. The market saw the launch of the "Santoor" talcum powder and "Wipro Baby Soft" range of baby toiletries in 1990.[12]
1994–2000[edit]
In 1995, Wipro set up an overseas design centre, Odyssey 21, for undertaking projects and product developments in advanced technologies for overseas clients. Wipro Infotech and Wipro Systems were amalgamated with Wipro in April that year.[12] Five of Wipro's manufacturing and development facilities secured the ISO 9001 certification during 1994–95. In 1999, Wipro acquired Wipro Acer.[13] Wipro became a more profitable, diversified corporation with new products such as the Wipro SuperGenius personal computers (PCs). In 1999, the product was the one Indian PC range to obtain US-based National Software Testing Laboratory (NSTL) certification for the Year 2000 (Y2K) compliance in hardware for all models.[14]
Wipro Limited joined hands with a global telecom major KPN (Royal Dutch telecom) to form a joint venture company "Wipro Net Limited" to provide internet services in India.[10] The year 2000 was the year Wipro launched solutions for convergent networks targeted at Internet and telecom solution providers in the names of Wipro OSS Smart and Wipro WAP Smart.[15] In the same year, Wipro got listed on New York Stock Exchange.[16] In early 2000 Wipro Vice Chairman Vivek Paul and Azim Premji approached KPMG Consulting Vice Chairman Keyur Patel and CEO Rand Blazer to form a mega-outsourcing joint venture between the two organizations.
2001–present[edit]
In February 2002, Wipro became the first software technology and services company in India to be certified for ISO 14001 certification.[17] Wipro also achieved ISO 9000 certification to become the first software company to get SEI People Capability Maturity Model (PCMM) Level 5 in 2002.[18][19] Wipro Consumer Care and Lighting Group entered the market of compact fluorescent lamps, with the launch of a range of CFL, under the brand name of Wipro Smartlite.[20] As the company grew, a study revealed that Wipro was the fastest wealth creator for 5 years (1997–2002).[21][22] The same year witnessed the launch of Wipro’s own laptops with Intel's Centrino mobile processor.[23] Wipro also entered into an exclusive agreement with the owners of Chandrika for marketing of their soap in select states in India.[24][25] It set up a wholly owned subsidiary company viz. Wipro Consumer Care Limited to manufacture consumer care and lighting products.[26] In 2004 Wipro joined the billion dollar club.[27] It also partnered with Intel for i-shiksha.[28][29] The year 2006 saw Wipro acquire cMango Inc., a US-based technology infrastructure Consulting firm[30][31] Enabler, and a Europe-based retail solutions provider.[32] In 2007, Wipro signed a large deal with Lockheed Martin.[33][34] It also entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Oki Techno Centre Singapore Pte Ltd (OTCS)[34][35] and signed an R&D partnership contract with Nokia Siemens Networks in Germany.[36][37]
In 2008 Wipro’s entered the clean energy business with Wipro Eco Energy.[38][39] In April 2011, Wipro signed an agreement with Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) for the acquisition of their global oil and gas information technology practice of the commercial business services business unit.[40][41] In 2012 Wipro acquired Australian Trade Promotions Management firm Promax Applications Group (PAG) for $35 million.[42][43] In 2012 Wipro employed more than 70,000 H-1B visa professional temporary workers in the United States.[44]
In 2012 Wipro Ltd. announced the demerger of its consumer care, lighting, furniture, infrastructure Engineering (hydraulics and water and medical diagnostic business into a separate company to be named Wipro Enterprises Ltd.[45] The merger became effective from 31 March 2013.[46][47] The demerged companies together contributed about 10% of the revenues of Wipro Limited in previous financial year.[48][49]
In 2014, Wipro signed a 10-year $1.2 billion contract with ATCO, a Canadian Energy & Utilities corporation based out of Calgary, Alberta. This was the largest deal in Wipro's history.[50]
In October 2016, Wipro announced that it was buying Appirio, an Indianapolis-based cloud services company for $500 million.[51][52][53]
Wipro Group of Companies[edit]
Western India Products Limited[edit]
Wipro Limited is a global provider of comprehensive IT solutions and services, including Systems Integration, Consulting, Information Systems outsourcing, IT-enabled services, R&D services.[54]
Wipro entered into the technology business in 1981 and has over 140,000 employees and clients across 54 countries.[55] IT revenues were at $7.1 billion for the year ended 31 March 2015, with a repeat business ratio of over 95%.[56][57]
Wipro Consumer Care & Lighting[edit]
Wipro Consumer Care and Lighting (WCCLG), a business unit of Wipro Limited operates in the FMCG segment dealing in consumable commodities. Established in 1945, its first product was vegetable oil, later sold under the brand name "Sunflower Vanaspati". It sells personal care products, such as Wipro Baby Soft and Wipro Safewash, toilet soaps Santoor and Chandrika as well as Yardley.[58] It sells lighting products, including Smartlite CFL,[59] LED, and emergency lights.[60]
Through product sales and acquisitions, Wipro Consumer Care and Lighting has grown steadily in the FMCG segment.[61][62][63]
Wipro Infrastructure Engineering[edit]
Wipro Infrastructure Engineering is the hydraulics business division of Wipro Limited and has been in the business of manufacturing hydraulic cylinders, truck cylinders, and their components and solutions since 1976. This division delivers hydraulic cylinders to international OEMs and represents the Kawasaki, Sun Hydraulics[64] and Teijin Seiki range of hydraulic products in India.[65] It has entered into partnerships Kawasaki[66][67] and aerospace giant EADS.[68] In 2010 Wipro Infrastructure Engineering was the second largest independent manufacturer of hydraulic cylinders in the world.[69]
Wipro GE Medical Systems[edit]
Wipro GE Medical Systems Limited is Wipro’s joint venture with GE Healthcare South Asia. It is engaged in the research and development of advanced solutions to cater to patient and customer needs in healthcare. This partnership, which began in 1990,[70] today includes gadgets and equipment for diagnostics, healthcare IT solutions and services to help healthcare professionals combat cancer, heart disease, and other ailments. There is complete adherence to Six Sigma quality standards in all products.[71][72][73]
Sustainability at Wipro[edit]
Wipro has been ranked 1st in the 2010 Asian Sustainability Rating (ASR) of Indian companies[74] and is a member of the NASDAQ Global Sustainability Index[75] as well as the Dow Jones Sustainability Index.[76]
In November 2012 Guide to Greener Electronics, Greenpeace ranked Wipro first with a score of 7.1/10.[77]
Listing and shareholding[edit]
This section appears to contradict itself. Please see the talk page for more information. (July 2017)
Listing: Wipro's equity shares are listed on Bombay Stock Exchange where it is a constituent of the BSE SENSEX index,[78] and the National Stock Exchange of India where it is a constituent of the S&P CNX Nifty.[79] The American Depositary Shares of the company are listed at the NYSE since October 2000.[80]
Shareholding: On 30 September 2013, 73.51% of the equity shares of the company were owned by the promoters: Azim Premji, his family members, partnership firms in which he is a partner and Trusts formed by him/his family. The remaining 26.49% shares are owned by others.
Shareholders (as on 20-January-2016)
Shareholding
Promoter group led by Azim Premji 73.36%
Foreign Institutional Investors (FII) 10.68%
Indian Public 4.99%
Bodies Corporate 2.50%
Mutual Funds/UTI 1.90%
NRI 1.11%
Trusts/Others 0.77%
American Depositary Shares 2.30%
Total 100%
Employees[edit]
At the end of December 31, 2015, its employee strength was 170,664.[81] Abid Ali Neemuchwala was appointed as Wipro's CEO after T. K. stepped down in early 2016.[82]
Awards and recognitions[edit]
In March 2017, Wipro was recognized as one of the world’s most ethical companies by US-based Ethisphere Institute for the sixth consecutive year.[83][84][85][86]
In May 2016, it was ranked 755th on the Forbes Global 2000 list.[87]
Wipro won Gold Award for ‘Integrated Security Assurance Service (iSAS)’ under the ‘Vulnerability Assessment, Remediation and Management’ category of the 11th Annual 2015 Info Security PG’s Global Excellence Awards.[88]
Wipro won 7 awards, including Best Managed IT Services and Best System Integrator in the CIO Choice Awards 2015, India[89]
In 2014, Wipro was ranked 52nd among India's most trusted brands according to the Brand Trust Report, a study conducted by Trust Research Advisory.[90]
Wipro was ranked 2nd in the Newsweek 2012 Global 500 Green companies.[91]
Wipro received the 'NASSCOM Corporate Award for Excellence in Diversity and Inclusion, 2012', in the category 'Most Effective Implementation of Practices & Technology for Persons with Disabilities'.[92]
In 2012, it was awarded the highest rating of Stakeholder Value and Corporate Rating 1 (SVG 1) by ICRA Limited.[93]
It received National award for excellence in Corporate Governance from the Institute of Company Secretaries of India during the year 2004.[94]
See also[edit]
List of public listed software companies of India
List of IT consulting firms
List of IT companies in India
List of companies of India
Companies portal
Information technology portal
References[edit]
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External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wipro.
Official website (Mobile)
Business data for Wipro Limited:
Reuters
SEC filings
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ATP hydrolysis
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Structure of ATP
Structure of ADP
Four possible resonance structures for orthophosphate
ATP hydrolysis is the reaction by which chemical energy that has been stored in the high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released, for example in muscles, by producing work in the form of mechanical energy. The product is adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and an inorganic phosphate, orthophosphate (Pi). ADP can be further hydrolyzed to give energy, adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and another orthophosphate (Pi).[1] ATP hydrolysis is the final link between the energy derived from food or sunlight and useful work such as muscle contraction, the establishment of electrochemical gradients across membranes, and biosynthetic processes necessary to maintain life.
The description and typical textbook labeling anhydridic bonds as "high energy . . bonds" can be very misleading to students. These bonds are in fact relatively weak. They do involve high energy electrons but the bonds themselves are quite easy to break. As noted below, energy is released by the hydrolysis of ATP when these weak bonds are broken – requiring a small input of energy, followed by the formation of new bonds and the release of a larger amount of energy as the total energy of the system is lowered and becomes more stable.[1]
Hydrolysis of the phosphate groups in ATP is especially exergonic, because the resulting orthophosphate group is greatly stabilized by multiple resonance structures, making the products (ADP and Pi) much lower in energy than the reactant (ATP). The high negative charge density associated with the three adjacent phosphate units of ATP also destabilizes the molecule, making it higher in energy. Hydrolysis relieves some of these electrostatic repulsions, liberating useful energy in the process by causing conformational changes in enzyme structure.
In humans, approximately 60 percent of the energy released from the hydrolysis of one mole of ATP produces metabolic heat rather than fuel the actual reactions taking place.[2] Due to the acid-base properties of ATP, ADP, and inorganic phosphate, the hydrolysis of ATP has the effect of lowering the pH of the reaction medium. Under certain conditions, high levels of ATP hydrolysis can contribute to lactic acidosis.
How much energy ATP hydrolysis produces[edit]
Hydrolysis of the terminal phosphoanhydridic bond is a highly exergonic process. The amount of released energy depends on the conditions in a particular cell. Specifically, the energy released is dependent on concentrations of ATP, ADP and Pi. The further the concentrations are from equilibrium the greater the absolute value of Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) will be. In standard conditions ( ATP, ADP and Pi concentrations are equal to 1M, water concentration is equal to 55M) the value of ΔG is between -28 to -34 kJ/mol.[3][4]
The variability of the ΔG value exists, because this reaction is also dependent on the concentration of Mg2+ cations. The cation Mg2+ plays a role in stabilizing the ATP molecule. But the conditions in a cell are far from the standard state. In fact the ΔG in standard conditions would mean that the concentrations are close to equilibrium. And if cells were actually at equilibrium the change in Gibbs free energy would be zero. That would mean, that no energy is acquired by ATP hydrolysis, and that would have fatal consequences for the organism.[4] Because this reaction is often coupled with thermodynamically unfavorable reactions, to give an overall negative (spontaneous) change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) for the reaction sequence.[1]
The outcome of ATP hydrolysis is dependent not only on the studied organism, but also on the tissue or even the compartment within the cell. The current demand for energy must be taken into account as well. Variability in the ΔG are therefore to be expected. It is important to realize how far away are the actual concentrations from the standard condition concentrations. They are lower by three orders of magnitude (standard condition values are in M and in reality they are in mM). Because these concentrations are so low, the reaction will be energetically more favorable.[4]
To find out the ΔG in vivo in humans, the concentration of ATP, ADP and Pi are measured by using nuclear magnetic resonance.[4] In a human body, in muscle, while in resting state the concentration of ATP is around 4 mM and the concentration of ADP is around 9 μmol/l. And thus the ATP hydrolysis yields the ΔG value of -64 kJ/mol. After ischemia, when the muscle is recovering from exercise, the concentration of ATP is as low as 1 mM and the concentration of ADP is around 7 μmol/l. Therefore the absolute ΔG would be as high as -69 kJ/mol.[5]
By comparing the standard value of ΔG and the real life value of ΔG, we can see that the worth of ATP, as measured in humans, is almost twice as much as the worth of ATP in standard conditions.[4]
See also[edit]
Dephosphorylation
References[edit]
Syberg, F. Suveyzdis, Y., Kotting, C., Gerwert K., & Hofmann, E. Time-Resolved Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of the Nucleotide-binding Domain from the ATP-binding Cassette Transporter MsbA: ATP HYDROLYSIS ID THE RATE-LIMITING STEP IN THE CATALYTIC CYCLE. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 278(28), 23923-23931 doi:10.1074/jbc.M112.359208
Zharova, T.V, & Vinogradov, Proton-Translocating ATP-synthase of Paracoccus denitrificans: ATP- Hydrolytic Activity. Biochemistry (00062979:, 68(10), A.D. (2003). 1101-1108
Kamerlin, S. C., & Warshel, A. (2009). On the energetics of ATP hydrolysis in solution. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 113(47), 15692-15698.
Bergman, C., Kashiwaya, Y., & Veech, R. L. (2010) The effect of pH and Free Mg2+ on ATP Linked Enzymes and the Calculation of Gibbs Free Energy of ATP Hydrolysis. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 114 (49), 16137-16146.
Berg, J. M., Tymoczko, J. L., Stryer, L., Biochemistry, international edition. W. H. Freeman.; New York, New York, 2011; p 287
Specific
^ Jump up to: a b c Lodish, Harvey (2013). Molecular cell biology (7th ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman and Co. pp. 52, 53. ISBN 9781464109812. OCLC 171110915.
Jump up ^ Berne & Levy physiology. Berne, Robert M., 1918-2001., Koeppen, Bruce M., Stanton, Bruce A. (6th, updated ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Mosby/Elsevier. 2010. ISBN 9780323073622. OCLC 435728438.
Jump up ^ "Standard Gibbs free energy of ATP hydrolysis - Generic - BNID 101989". bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2018-01-25.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Philips, Ron Milo & Ron. "» How much energy is released in ATP hydrolysis?". book.bionumbers.org. Retrieved 2018-01-25.
Jump up ^ Wackerhage, H.; Hoffmann, U.; Essfeld, D.; Leyk, D.; Mueller, K.; Zange, J. (December 1998). "Recovery of free ADP, Pi, and free energy of ATP hydrolysis in human skeletal muscle". Journal of Applied Physiology. 85 (6): 2140–2145. doi:10.1152/jappl.1998.85.6.2140. ISSN 8750-7587. PMID 9843537.
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Appointment and confirmation to the Supreme Court of the United States
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The appointment and confirmation of Justices to the Supreme Court of the United States involves several steps set forth by the United States Constitution, which have been further refined and developed by decades of tradition. Candidates are nominated by the President of the United States and must face a series of hearings in which both the nominee and other witnesses make statements and answer questions before the Senate Judiciary Committee, which can vote to send the nomination to the full United States Senate. Confirmation by the Senate allows the President to formally appoint the candidate to the court.
Contents
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1 Nomination
2 Confirmation
3 Recess appointments
4 Tenure and vacancies
5 References
Nomination[edit]
Article Two of the United States Constitution requires the President of the United States to nominate Supreme Court Justices and, with Senate confirmation, requires Justices to be appointed. This was for the division of power between the President and Senate by the founders, who wrote:
"he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint ... Judges of the supreme Court..."
Upon the election of a new President, incoming White House staff prepare profiles of possible candidates for the Supreme Court, considering not only judges but also politicians and other individuals whom they consider appropriate for the role. Besides considering national figures whose views are well-known, they consider others who are less recognized. They go through published rulings, articles, speeches, and other background material to get an idea of candidates' values and views on constitutional issues. Age, health, race, gender, and likelihood of confirmation are also factored into considerations. Once a Supreme Court vacancy opens, the President discusses the candidates with advisors. Senators also call the President with suggestions. After a first choice is decided, the candidate is contacted and called on by the President to serve on the highest court. Staffers send a vetting form for the candidate to fill out. They visit the candidate to go over tax records and payments to domestic help. Candidates whom the President has never met are interviewed by White House officials before being sent to the White House to be interviewed in person by the President. After making a final decision, the President calls the candidate, who is told to prepare a statement for an appearance in front of the national press for the President's formal announcement.
Most Presidents nominate individuals who broadly share their ideological views.[1] In many cases, however, a Justice's decisions may be contrary to what the nominating President anticipated. A famous instance was Chief Justice Earl Warren; President Dwight D. Eisenhower expected him to be a conservative judge, but his decisions are arguably among the most liberal in the Court's history. Eisenhower later called the appointment "the biggest damn fool mistake I ever made".[2] Another Justice whose decisions ran contrary to what was believed to be his ideology was David Souter, who was nominated to the high court in 1990 by President George H. W. Bush. Many pundits and politicians at the time expected Souter to be a conservative; however, after becoming a Justice, his opinions generally fell on the liberal side of the political spectrum.
Because the Constitution does not set any qualifications for service as a Justice, the President may nominate any individual to serve on the Court. However, that person must receive the confirmation of the Senate.
Confirmation[edit]
In modern times, the confirmation process has attracted considerable attention from special-interest groups, many of which lobby senators to confirm or to reject a nominee, depending on whether the nominee's track record aligns with the group's views. The Senate Judiciary Committee conducts hearings, questioning nominees to determine their suitability. By convention, nominees avoid revealing too much about their views on potential cases that may come before the Court. At the close of confirmation hearings, the Committee votes on whether the nomination should go to the full Senate with a positive, negative or neutral report.
The Roberts Court (April 2017 - present). Front row (left to right): Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Anthony Kennedy, John Roberts (Chief Justice), Clarence Thomas, and Stephen Breyer. Back row (left to right): Elena Kagan, Samuel A. Alito, Sonia Sotomayor, and Neil Gorsuch.
The Committee's practice of personally interviewing nominees is relatively recent, beginning with Harlan Fiske Stone in 1925. Some western senators were concerned with his links to Wall Street and expressed their opposition when Stone was nominated. Stone proposed what was then the novelty of appearing before the Judiciary Committee to answer questions; his testimony helped secure a confirmation vote with very little opposition. The second nominee to appear before the Committee was Felix Frankfurter, who only addressed (at the Committee's request) what he considered to be slanderous allegations against him.[3] The modern practice of the Committee questioning nominees on their judicial views began with the nomination of John Marshall Harlan II in 1955; the nomination came shortly after the Court handed down the landmark Brown v. Board of Education decision, and several Southern senators attempted to block Harlan's confirmation, hence the decision to testify.[4][5]
Once the Committee reports out the nomination, the whole Senate considers it. A simple majority vote is required to confirm or to reject a nominee. Prior to 2017, a successful filibuster threat could add the requirement of a supermajority of 60 needed in favor of cloture, which would allow debate to end and force a final vote on confirmation. Rejections are relatively uncommon; the Senate has explicitly rejected twelve Supreme Court nominees in its history. The most recent rejection of a nominee by vote of the full Senate came in 1987, when the Senate refused to confirm Robert Bork.
Not everyone nominated by the President has received a floor vote in the Senate. Prior to 2017 a nominee could be filibustered once debate on the nomination had begun in the full Senate. A filibuster indefinitely prolongs the debate, preventing a final vote on the nominee. President Lyndon Johnson's nomination of sitting Associate Justice Abe Fortas to succeed Earl Warren as Chief Justice in 1968 was the first successful filibuster of a Supreme Court nominee. It included both Republican and Democratic senators concerned with Fortas's ethics. President Donald Trump's nomination of Neil Gorsuch to the seat vacated by Antonin Scalia was the second. Unlike the Fortas filibuster, however, only Democratic Senators voted against cloture on the Gorsuch nomination, citing his perceived conservative judicial philosophy, and the Republican majority's prior refusal to take up Obama's nomination of Merrick Garland to fill the vacancy.[6][7][8] This led the Republican majority to change the rules and eliminate the filibuster for Supreme Court nominations.[9]
Not every Supreme Court nominee has received a floor vote in the Senate. A president may withdraw a nomination before an actual confirmation vote occurs, typically because it is clear that the Senate will reject the nominee; this occurred most recently with the nomination of Harriet Miers in 2006 before Committee hearings had begun, citing concerns about Senate requests during her confirmation process for access to internal Executive Branch documents resulting from her position as White House Counsel. In 1987, President Ronald Reagan withdrew the nomination of Douglas H. Ginsburg because of news reports containing marijuana use allegations.
The Senate may also fail to act on the nomination, which expires at the end of the session. For example, President Dwight Eisenhower's first nomination of John Marshall Harlan II in November 1954 was not acted on by the Senate; Eisenhower re-nominated Harlan in January 1955, and Harlan was confirmed two months later. Most recently, the Senate failed to act on President Barack Obama's nomination of Merrick Garland in March 2016 to fill the vacancy left by the death of Antonin Scalia; the nomination expired in January 2017, and the vacancy was later filled by President Trump's appointment of Neil Gorsuch.[10]
Before 1981 the approval process of Justices was usually rapid. From the Truman through Nixon administrations, Justices were typically approved within one month. From the Reagan administration to the present, however, the process has taken much longer. According to the Congressional Research Service, the average number of days from nomination to final Senate vote since 1975 is 67 days (2.2 months), while the median is 71 days (or 2.3 months).[11][12] Some believe this is because Congress sees Justices as playing a more political role than in the past.[13] The perceived politicization of the process has drawn criticism. For example, columnist George F. Will termed the defeat of Robert Bork's nomination "unjust" and, more generally, that the nomination process does "not delve deeply into the nominee's jurisprudential thinking."[14] Supreme Court nominations have caused media speculation about whether the judge leans to the left, middle, or right.[15] One indication of the politicized selection process is how much time each nominee spends being questioned under the glare of media coverage; before 1925, nominees were never questioned;[16] after 1955, every nominee has been required to appear before the Senate Judiciary Committee and answer questions; and the hours spent being grilled have lengthened from single digits (before 1980) to double digits today.[17] Another example of the politicization of the process was the Merrick Garland Supreme Court nomination, which remained before the Senate far longer than any other nominee.
Following is a table of the approximate number of hours that media sources estimate were spent on the questioning of Supreme Court nominees:
Supreme Court Nominees:
Hours Spent Being Questioned
Year
Nominee
Hours
1925 Harlan Fiske Stone 7000500000000000000♠5
1938 Felix Frankfurter *
1955 John Marshall Harlan II *
1957 William J. Brennan, Jr. 7000300000000000000♠3
1967 Thurgood Marshall 7000700000000000000♠7
1971 William H. Rehnquist 7000700000000000000♠7
1975 John Paul Stevens 7000600000000000000♠6
1981 Sandra Day O'Connor 7001120000000000000♠12
1987 Robert Bork (not confirmed) 7001300000000000000♠30
1987 Anthony Kennedy 7001110000000000000♠11
1990 David H. Souter 7001200000000000000♠20
1991 Clarence Thomas 7001250000000000000♠25
1993 Ruth Bader Ginsburg 7001200000000000000♠20
1994 Stephen G. Breyer 7001200000000000000♠20
2005 John G. Roberts, Jr. 7001200000000000000♠20
2016 Merrick Garland (not confirmed) 5000000000000000000♠0
2017 Neil Gorsuch 7001200000000000000♠20
Sources: The New York Times (2005, 2009), MSNBC (2005).[3][4][17]
Once the Senate confirms the nomination by an affirmative vote, the Secretary of the Senate attests to a resolution of confirmation and transmits it to the White House.[18] The President then prepares and signs a commission, and causes the Seal of the United States Department of Justice to be affixed to the document before the new Justice can take office.[19] The date of commission determines a Justice's seniority.[20] A ceremony is held in which the Justice must take the Constitutional Oath, which is used for every federal and state officeholder below the President, and the Judicial Oath used for federal judges before entering into the execution of their office.
Recess appointments[edit]
Potter Stewart, appointed by President Dwight Eisenhower, was the last Supreme Court Justice initially placed on the Court through a recess appointment.
Article II, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution provides that:
The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session.
Thus, when the Senate is in recess, the President may make a temporary appointment to any office requiring Senate approval, including filling vacancies on the Supreme Court, without the Senate's advice and consent. Such a recess appointee to the Supreme Court holds office only until the end of the next Senate session (always less than two years). To continue to serve thereafter and be compensated for his or her service, the nominee must be formally nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Of the ten Justices who have received recess appointments - two Chief Justices and eight Associate Justices - only Chief Justice John Rutledge was not subsequently confirmed for a regular appointment. No president since Dwight Eisenhower (who made three such appointments) has made a recess appointment to the Supreme Court and the practice has become highly controversial even when applied to lower federal courts. During the 110th Congress, the Democratic leadership of the Senate specifically blocked Republican President George W. Bush from making any recess appointments with the use of pro forma sessions.
In 1960 the Senate passed a resolution stating that it was the sense of the Senate that recess appointments to the Supreme Court should not be made except under unusual circumstances.[21] Being a resolution, it has no legally binding effect, but was intended as an expression of the position of the Senate and as a guide to executive actions. The resolution passed by a vote of 48 to 37, mainly along party lines.[21] [22]
Following is a list of recess appointments that have been made to the Supreme Court:
Justice Appointed by Date of
Appointment Date of
Nomination Date of
Senate action Senate
action
Johnson, ThomasThomas Johnson Washington 000000001791-08-05-0000August 5, 1791 000000001791-10-31-0000October 31, 1791 000000001791-11-07-0000November 7, 1791 Confirmed
Rutledge, JohnJohn Rutledge
(as Chief Justice) Washington 000000001795-07-01-0000July 1, 1795 000000001795-12-10-0000December 10, 1795 000000001795-12-15-0000December 15, 1795 Rejected
Thompson, SmithSmith Thompson Monroe 000000001823-09-01-0000September 1, 1823 000000001823-12-05-0000December 5, 1823 000000001823-12-09-0000December 9, 1823 Confirmed
Woodbury, LeviLevi Woodbury Polk 000000001845-09-20-0000September 20, 1845 000000001845-12-23-0000December 23, 1845 000000001846-01-03-0000January 3, 1846 Confirmed
Curtis, Benjamin RobbinsBenjamin Robbins Curtis Fillmore 000000001851-09-22-0000September 22, 1851 000000001851-12-11-0000December 11, 1851 000000001851-12-20-0000December 20, 1851 Confirmed
Davis, DavidDavid Davis Lincoln 000000001862-10-17-0000October 17, 1862 000000001862-12-01-0000December 1, 1862 000000001862-12-08-0000December 8, 1862 Confirmed
Holmes, Jr., Oliver WendellOliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. T. Roosevelt 000000001902-08-11-0000August 11, 1902 000000001902-12-02-0000December 2, 1902 000000001902-12-04-0000December 4, 1902 Confirmed
Warren, EarlEarl Warren
(as Chief Justice) Eisenhower 000000001953-10-02-0000October 2, 1953 000000001954-03-01-0000March 1, 1954 000000001954-03-01-0000March 1, 1954 Confirmed
Brennan, Jr., William J.William J. Brennan, Jr. Eisenhower 000000001956-10-15-0000October 15, 1956 000000001957-01-14-0000January 14, 1957 000000001957-03-19-0000March 19, 1957 Confirmed
Stewart, PotterPotter Stewart Eisenhower 000000001958-10-14-0000October 14, 1958 000000001959-01-17-0000January 17, 1959 000000001959-12-05-0000December 5, 1959 Confirmed
Tenure and vacancies[edit]
The ability of a president to appoint new justices depends on the occurrence of a vacancy on the Court. The Constitution provides that justices "shall hold their offices during good behavior" (unless appointed during a Senate recess). The term "good behavior" is well understood to mean Justices may serve for the remainder of their lives, although they can voluntarily resign or retire. A Justice can also be removed by Congressional impeachment and conviction. However, only one Justice has been impeached by the House (Samuel Chase, in 1805) and he was acquitted in the Senate. Moves to impeach sitting justices have occurred more recently (for example, William O. Douglas was the subject of hearings twice, once in 1953 and again in 1970), but they have not reached a vote in the House. No mechanism presently exists for removing a Justice who is permanently incapacitated by illness or injury, both unable to resign and unable to resume service.[23]
Because Justices have indefinite tenure, it is impossible to know when a vacancy will next occur. Sometimes vacancies arise in quick succession, as in the early 1970s when Lewis Franklin Powell, Jr. and William H. Rehnquist were nominated to replace Hugo Black and John Marshall Harlan II, who retired within a week of each other. Sometimes a great length of time passes between nominations such as the eleven years between Stephen Breyer's nomination in 1994 and the departures of Chief Justice Rehnquist and Justice Sandra Day O'Connor (by death and retirement, respectively) in 2005 and 2006.
It is also theoretically possible for Congress to create additional vacancies by expanding the Court itself. The United States Constitution does not specify the size of the Supreme Court, but in Article III it authorizes the Congress to fix the number of justices. The Judiciary Act of 1789 called for the appointment of six justices. As the country grew geographically, Congress increased the number of justices to correspond with the growing number of judicial circuits. In 1807, the court was expanded to seven members, allowing Thomas Jefferson to appoint Thomas Todd as a new Justice. The expansion to nine members in 1837 allowed Andrew Jackson to appoint John Catron, and Martin Van Buren to appoint John McKinley; and the addition of a tenth seat in 1863 allowed Abraham Lincoln to name Stephen Johnson Field to the Court. However, at the request of Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, Congress passed the Judicial Circuits Act (1866) which provided that the next three justices to retire would not be replaced; thus, the size of the Court should have eventually reached seven by attrition. Consequently, one seat was removed in 1866 and a second in 1867. However, this law did not play out to completion, for in the Judiciary Act of 1869,[24] also known as the Circuit Judges Act, the number of justices was again set at nine, where it has since remained. The new seat created in 1869 was filled the following year by Ulysses S. Grant's appointment of Joseph P. Bradley - the last justice to be appointed to a newly created seat on the Court.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt attempted to expand the Court in 1937, seeking to appoint an additional justice for each incumbent justice who reached the age of 70 years 6 months and refused retirement; under Roosevelt's proposal, such appointments would continue until the Court reached a maximum size of 15 justices. Ostensibly, the proposal was made to ease the burdens of the docket on the elderly judges, but the President's actual purpose was to pack the Court with justices who would support New Deal policies and legislation.[25] This plan, usually called the "Court-packing Plan", failed in Congress and proved a political disaster for Roosevelt.[26] The balance of the Court shifted with the retirement of Willis Van Devanter and the confirmation of Hugo Black in August 1937. By the end of 1941, Roosevelt had appointed seven Supreme Court justices and elevated Harlan Fiske Stone to Chief Justice.[27]
Despite the variability, nearly all Presidents so far have been able to appoint at least one Justice. The four exceptions are William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, Andrew Johnson, and Jimmy Carter. Harrison died a month after taking office, though his successor (John Tyler) made an appointment during that presidential term. Taylor likewise died early in his presidential term, although his successor (Millard Fillmore) also made a Supreme Court nomination before the end of that term. Johnson was denied the opportunity to appoint a Justice by a contraction in the size of the Supreme Court, which Congress may dictate. Jimmy Carter is the only President who completed at least one full term in office without making a nomination to the Court during his presidency.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ See Black, Ryan C.; Owens, Ryan J. "Courting the President: How Circuit Court Judges Alter Their Behavior for Promotion to the Supreme Court". American Journal of Political Science. 60 (1): 30–43. doi:10.1111/ajps.12132.
Jump up ^ Todd S., Purdum (July 5, 2005). "Presidents, Picking Justices, Can Have Backfires". Courts in Transition: Nominees and History. New York Times. p. A4. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
^ Jump up to: a b Tom Curry (Nov 5, 2005). "A guide to the Supreme Court nomination (quote:) "...1939, when he went before the Judiciary Committee, nominee Felix Frankfurter told senators..."". MSNBC.com. Retrieved 2009-10-24.
^ Jump up to: a b STEPHEN L. CARTER (May 9, 2009). "Let the Nominee Stay Home (quote:) "...The first was John Marshall Harlan in 1955, who declined invitations to discuss either specific cases or judicial philosophy as 'a matter of propriety'..."". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-10-24.
Jump up ^ "United States Senate. "Nominations"".
Jump up ^ Jim Brunner (24 March 2017). "Sen. Patty Murray will oppose Neil Gorsuch for Supreme Court". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 9 April 2017. In a statement Friday morning, Murray cited Republicans’ refusal to confirm or even seriously consider President Obama’s nomination of Judge Merrick Garland, a similarly well-qualified jurist — and went on to lambaste President Trump’s conduct in his first few months in office. [...] And Murray added she’s “deeply troubled” by Gorsuch’s “extreme conservative perspective on women’s health,” citing his “inability” to state a clear position on Roe v. Wade, the landmark abortion-legalization decision, and his comments about the “Hobby Lobby” decision allowing employers to refuse to provide birth-control coverage.
Jump up ^ McCaskill, Claire (31 March 2017). "Gorsuch:Good for corporations, bad for working people". Retrieved 9 April 2017. I cannot support Judge Gorsuch because a study of his opinions reveal a rigid ideology that always puts the little guy under the boot of corporations. He is evasive, but his body of work isn’t. Whether it is a freezing truck driver or an autistic child, he has shown a stunning lack of humanity. And he has been an activist - for example, writing a dissent on a case that had been settled, in what appears to be an attempt to audition for his current nomination.
Jump up ^ Schallhorn, Kaitlyn (23 March 2017). "Schumer: Democrats will filibuster SCOTUS nominee Neil Gorsuch". The Blaze. Retrieved 7 April 2017. Schumer added that Gorsuch’s record shows he has a “deep-seated conservative ideology” and “groomed by the Federalist Society,” a conservative nonprofit legal organization.
Jump up ^ Matt Flegenheimer (6 April 2017). "Senate Republicans Deploy 'Nuclear Option' to Clear Path for Gorsuch". New York Times. After Democrats held together Thursday morning and filibustered President Trump’s nominee, Republicans voted to lower the threshold for advancing Supreme Court nominations from 60 votes to a simple majority.
Jump up ^ "U.S. Senate: Supreme Court Nominations, Present-1789". United States Senate. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Stakes Of The 2016 Election Just Got Much, Much Higher". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 2016-02-14.
Jump up ^ McMillion, Barry J. (19 October 2015). "Supreme Court Appointment Process: Senate Debate and Confirmation Vote" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 14 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Balkin, Jack M. "The passionate intensity of the confirmation process". Jurist. Archived from the original on 17 February 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-13.
Jump up ^ George F. Will (May 27, 2009). "Identity Justice: Obama's Conventional Choice". Washington Post. Retrieved 2009-10-22.
Jump up ^ NEIL A. LEWIS (June 27, 1993). "Balanced Jurist at Home in the Middle". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-10-22.
Jump up ^ Steve Padilla (July 15, 2009). "Sotomayor hearings: The grilling of Supreme Court nominees is a relatively new invention (quote:) "Harlan Stone became the first Supreme Court nominee to appear and testify before the Judiciary Committee in 1925" ALSO "Every nominee to the high court since President Eisenhower's 1955 nomination of John Harlan has testified before the committee."". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2009-10-24.
^ Jump up to: a b "COURT IN TRANSITION; Republicans Speak of Respect of Roberts's Peers, and Democrats Issue Warnings -- their sources: Courts and Congress by Judge Robert A. Katzmann; Senate transcripts". New York Times. September 16, 2005. Retrieved 2009-10-22.
Jump up ^ Rutkus, Supreme Court Nominations, p. 57
Jump up ^ 5 U.S.C. § 2902.
Jump up ^ See 28 U.S.C. § 4.
^ Jump up to: a b Fisher, Louis (2001-09-05). "Recess Appointments of Federal Judges" (PDF). CRSN Report for Congress. Congressional Research Service. The Library of Congress. RL31112: 16–18. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 August 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-06. Resolved, That it is the sense of the Senate that the making of recess appointments to the Supreme Court of the United States may not be wholly consistent with the best interests of the Supreme Court, the nominee who may be involved, the litigants before the Court, nor indeed the people of the United States, and that such appointments, therefore, should not be made except under unusual circumstances and for the purpose of preventing or ending a demonstrable breakdown in the administration of the Court’s business.
Jump up ^ Democrats supported the resolution 48-4, and Republicans opposed it 33-0.
Jump up ^ Appel, Jacob M. (2009-08-22). "Anticipating the Incapacitated Justice". Huffington Post. Retrieved 2009-08-23.
Jump up ^ 16 Stat. 44
Jump up ^ Mintz, S. (2007). "The New Deal in Decline". Digital History. University of Houston. Archived from the original on 2008-05-05. Retrieved 2009-10-27.
Jump up ^ Hodak, George (2007). "February 5, 1937: FDR Unveils Court Packing Plan". ABAjournal.com. American Bar Association. Retrieved 2009-01-29.
Jump up ^ "Justices, Number of", in Hall, Ely Jr., Grossman, and Wiecek (editors), The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States. Oxford University Press 1992, ISBN 0-19-505835-6
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Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara
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Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara
Also known as
Ishq Gunaah
Genre
Drama
Romantic
Based on
Aşk-ı Memnu
Starring
Sanjay Kapoor
Smriti Kalra
Aashim Gulati
Opening theme
"Jeene Bhi De'" by Yasser Deshai
Ending theme
"Ae Dil Na Kar Tu Chahate" by Soham Naik
Composer(s)
Harish Sagane
Country of origin
India
Original language(s)
Hindi (primary)
English (minor)
No. of seasons
1
No. of episodes
75
Production
Producer(s)
Vikram Bhatt
Location(s)
Mumbai
Camera setup
Multi-camera
Running time
21 minutes
Distributor
Star India
Release
Original network
Star Plus
Picture format
SDTV 576i
HDTV 1080i
Original release
23 October 2017 (2017-10-23) – 2 February 2018 (2018-02-02)
External links
Hotstar
Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara (English: Be Careful My Heart) is an Indian drama television series broadcast on Star Plus from 23 October 2017 to 2 February 2018. The series was produced by Vikram Bhatt.[1] The show was earlier titled as Ishq Gunaah.[2][3][4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Synopsis
2 Cast
3 Soundtrack
4 References
5 External links
Synopsis[edit]
It’s a story about a married couple with an age gap of 20 years. Ahana was always loved by her father. Her mother Laila Raichand is a sly, ambitious, greedy woman who cheated on her husband. Ahana’s father dies of shock taking his wife's betrayal too hard. Ahana witnesses their argument hereby developing an intense hatred for her mother. Ahana, frustrated at her life at home after her father's death, finds solace in Anant Mathur, a friend of her dad. Saloni, Ahana's elder sister is about to be married to her sweetheart Tarun. Tarun's father, Mr Gupta is not keen on letting them get married since he is aware of Laila's gold-digging tendencies. He wants Saloni to sign a prenup. When Laila finds out she is infuriated and wants to cancel the wedding. The plot twist comes in the form of Saloni's pregnancy. Laila agrees to the wedding on the condition that Tarun provides 3 crore rupees to her. Tarun and Saloni get married. Meanwhile, Laila sets her eyes on marrying Anant Mathur as he is a rich businessman in order to pay off her debts and increase her social status. But Anant proposes to Ahana and they decide to get married. Rehaan convinces Roshni, Anant's daughter to give her blessings. Anant goes to Laila to ask for Ahana's hand in marriage to him. Laila is furious. She agrees to the marriage and puts forward a condition to Anant. As the story continues Ahana and Anant face many obstacles in their marriage due to the age difference, society, rivalry and family. Rehaan begins to fall for Ahana, while simultaneously learning that she married Anant just to defy and insult her mother for revenge. As he loves Anant who is like a father-figure to him, he doesn't want to see him cheated and tells Anant that Ahana didn't actually love him, not realizing that Ahana truly loves Anant and revenge against her mother was a bonus. On revealing her supposed intentions, it is not taken up well by Anant at first, which leads Rehaan to leave the house. Later being asked for answers, Ahana reveals the initial reason behind the marriage before Anant that shatters him. Misunderstandings brew up. Soon after, Ahana gets pregnant. Elated, she tries to reveal this to Anant. In a series of misunderstandings and the growing distance between them, she is forced to take up the decision of aborting her unborn child. Laila is left broke by Gupta, she has an accident. Rehaan realizes his mistakes. After knowing the abortion bit, Anand again hates Ahana. Rehaan asks for ahana's forgiveness. She forgives him soon after and is taken care of by him. He supports her through the hard times and they go for a Goa trip. Rehaan and Ahana grow closer during the trip. Meanwhile, Anant realizes his mistake and wants to give a second chance to their marriage. Laila gets discharged and is brought home by Anant. She notices Ahana behave weirdly and asks her about her closeness with Rehaan. Ahana struggles to get Rehaan off her mind. She realizes that she actually loves Rehaan and not Anant after getting taunted by Laila that she's turning up to be just like her mother. A frustrated Ahana tries to keep a distance from Rehaan but ends up having more troubles. Rehaan breaks up with Vyoma, his girlfriend. A scorned Vyoma writes a letter to let Anant know about the supposed brewing closeness of Rehaan and Ahana. But Laila rewrites the letter describing Rehaan's relationship with Vyoma. But Roshni misplaces the original letter in order to create trouble between the two. The show ends abruptly with Anant reading the letter and screaming at Rehaan and Ahana asking if what's written is true.
Cast[edit]
Actor
Role
Description
Sanjay Kapoor[5] Anant Mathur [6] Ahana's husband and her father's friend. He loves Ahana but misunderstandings ruin their relationship.
Smriti Kalra Ahana Mathur Laila Raichand's daughter and Anant Mathur’s wife.
Aashim Gulati Rehan Khanna Anant's friend’s son and Saloni's ex-boyfriend. He loves Ahaana.
Niki Aneja Walia Laila Raichand Saloni and Ahana's mother. A greedy woman who cheats her husband and earlier wanted to marry Anant for money.
Cheshtha Bhagat Saloni Gupta (Raichand) Laila Raichand's daughter and Tarun's wife. She loved Rehaan earlier.
Puneet Sharma Tarun Gupta Saloni’s husband.
Indraneel Bhattacharya Mahendra Gupta Tarun's father and Laila Raichand's business rival.
Beena Banerjee Reema Anant's elder sister
Anandita Pagnis Roshni Mathur Anant’s daughter. She hates Ahana and creates trouble between Anant and Ahana.
Kriish Wawa Aarav Mathur Anant's son
Bidisha Ghosh Sharma Yamini Roshni and Aarav's nanny and Massi. She loves Anant secretly.
Naveen Pandita Karan Driver at Anant’s house. He was orphaned at the age of six so when Anant found him, he brought him home and raised him along with Roshni. He is in love with Roshni and would go to any length to keep her happy.
Geet Sharma Kavita Servant at Anant's house Hiralal and Uma's daughter. Loves Karan. A greedy girl who hates Roshni
Nakuul Mehta Shivaay Singh Oberoi Ahana's Friend. (Cameo)
Surbhi Chandna Anika Shivaay Singh Oberoi Ahana's Friend. (Cameo)
Soundtrack[edit]
Harish Sagane had composed the original songs and background score for the show. The tracks become an instant hit among viewers.
Track list
No.
Title
Vocalist
Length
1. "Jeene Bhi De" Yasser Desai 6:31
2. "Ae Dil Na Kar Tu Chahate" Soham Naik 3:33
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara promo: Sanjay Kapoor romances Smriti Kalra and Niki Aneja Walia in this mature love story". Bollywoodlife. 11 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "This is what Vikram Bhatt's TV show with Sanjay Kapoor is all about". Bollywood hungama. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Tum Bin 2's Aashim Gulati to be seen on Vikram Bhatt's bold TV show, Ishq Gunaah". Bollywoodlife. 5 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "SHOCKING ! Star Plus show Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara is going OFF-AIR !". ABP Live. 23 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara Written Updates, Latest News". dilsambhaljazara.com. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sanjay Kapoor's Busy Birthday Schedule, Courtesy Dil Sambhal Ja Zara". ndtv.com. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
External links[edit]
Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara Streaming on Hotstar
[hide]
v
t
e
Current broadcasts on Star Plus
Currently broadcast
Primetime soap opera
Har Shaakh Pe Ullu Baithaa Hai
Ikyawann
Ishqbaaaz
Kullfi Kumarr Bajewala
Naamkarann
Tu Sooraj, Main Saanjh Piyaji
Yeh Hai Mohabbatein
Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai
Weekend
Khichdi
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dil_Sambhal_Jaa_Zara&oldid=837123872"
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