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Glycosidic bond
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In chemistry, a glycosidic bond or glycosidic linkage is a type of covalent bond that joins a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule to another group, which may or may not be another carbohydrate.
Formation of ethyl glucoside: Glucose and ethanol combine to form ethyl glucoside and water. The reaction often favors formation of the α glycosidic bond as shown due to the anomeric effect.
A glycosidic bond is formed between the hemiacetal or hemiketal group of a saccharide (or a molecule derived from a saccharide) and the hydroxyl group of some compound such as an alcohol. A substance containing a glycosidic bond is a glycoside.
The term 'glycoside' is now extended to also cover compounds with bonds formed between hemiacetal (or hemiketal) groups of sugars and several chemical groups other than hydroxyls, such as -SR (thioglycosides), -SeR (selenoglycosides), -NR1R2 (N-glycosides), or even -CR1R2R3 (C-glycosides).
Particularly in naturally occurring glycosides, the compound ROH from which the carbohydrate residue has been removed is often termed the aglycone, and the carbohydrate residue itself is sometimes referred to as the 'glycone'.
Contents
[hide]
1 S-, N-, C-, and O-glycosidic bonds
2 Numbering, and α/β distinction of glycosidic bonds
3 Chemical approaches
4 Glycoside hydrolases
5 Glycosyltransferases
6 Disaccharide phosphorylases
7 Directed glycosylations
8 O-linked glycopeptides; pharmaceutical uses of O-glycosylated peptides
9 References
10 External links
S-, N-, C-, and O-glycosidic bonds[edit]
Adenosine, a component of RNA, results from the sugar ribose and adenine via the formation of an N-glycosidic bond (shown as the vertical line between the N and the sugar cycle)
Glycosidic bonds of the form discussed above are known as O-glycosidic bonds, in reference to the glycosidic oxygen that links the glycoside to the aglycone or reducing end sugar. In analogy, one also considers S-glycosidic bonds (which form thioglycosides), where the oxygen of the glycosidic bond is replaced with a sulfur atom. In the same way, N-glycosidic bonds, have the glycosidic bond oxygen replaced with nitrogen. Substances containing N-glycosidic bonds are also known as glycosylamines. C-glycosyl bonds have the glycosidic oxygen replaced by a carbon; the term "C-glycoside" is considered a misnomer by IUPAC and is discouraged.[1] All of these modified glycosidic bonds have different susceptibility to hydrolysis, and in the case of C-glycosyl structures, they are typically more resistant to hydrolysis.
Numbering, and α/β distinction of glycosidic bonds[edit]
A β-1,6 glucan molecule showing how carbons are numbered. The terminal saccharide is linked via a β-1,6 glycosidic bond. The remaining linkages are all β-1,3.
Main article: anomer
One distinguishes between α- and β-glycosidic bonds based on the relative stereochemistry (R or S) of the anomeric position and the stereocenter furthest from C1 in the saccharide.[2] An α-glycosidic bond is formed when both carbons have the same stereochemistry, whereas a β-glycosidic bond occurs when the two carbons have different stereochemistry. One complicating issue is that the alpha and beta conformations were originally defined based on the relative orientation of the major constituents in a Haworth projection. In this case, for D-sugars, a beta conformation would see the major constituent at each carbon drawn above the plane of the ring (nominally the same conformation), while alpha would see the anomeric constituent below the ring (nominally opposite conformations). For L-sugars, the definitions would then, necessarily, reverse. This is worth noting as these older definitions still permeate the literature and can lead to confusion.
Pharmacologists often join substances to glucuronic acid via glycosidic bonds in order to increase their water solubility; this is known as glucuronidation. Many other glycosides have important physiological functions.
Chemical approaches[edit]
Nüchter et al. have shown a new approach to Fischer Glycosylation.[3][4][5] Employing a microwave oven equipped with refluxing apparatus in a rotor reactor with pressure bombs, Nüchter et al. were able to achieve 100% yield of α- and β-D-glucosides. This method can be performed on a multi-kilogram scale.
Vishal Y Joshi's method
Joshi et al.[6] propose the Koenigs-Knorr method in the stereoselective synthesis of alkyl D-glucopyranosides via glycosylation, with the exception of using lithium carbonate which is less expensive and toxic than the conventional method of using silver or mercury salts. D-glucose is first protected by forming the peracetate by addition of acetic anhydride in acetic acid, and then addition of hydrogen bromide which brominates at the 5-position. On addition of the alcohol ROH and lithium carbonate, the OR replaces the bromine and on deprotecting the acetylated hydroxyls the product is produced in relatively high purity. It was suggested by Joshi et al. that lithium acts as the nucleophile that attacks the carbon at the 5-position and through a transition state the alcohol is substituted for the bromine group. Advantages of this method as well as its stereoselectivity and low cost of the lithium salt include that it can be done at room temperature and its yield compares relatively well with the conventional Koenigs-Knorr method.[7][8]
Glycoside hydrolases[edit]
Glycoside hydrolases (or glycosidases), are enzymes that break glycosidic bonds. Glycoside hydrolases typically can act either on α- or on β-glycosidic bonds, but not on both. This specificity allows researchers to obtain glycosides in high epimeric excess, one example being Wen-Ya Lu's conversion of D-Glucose to Ethyl β-D-glucopyranoside using naturally-derived glucosidase. It is worth noting that Wen-Ya Lu utilized glucosidase in a reverse manner opposite to the enzyme's biological functionality:[9]
Lu, Wen-Ya et al. Practical methods for Biocatalysis and Biotransformations. 2010, 236-239.[9]
Glycosyltransferases[edit]
Before monosaccharide units are incorporated into glycoproteins, polysaccharides, or lipids in living organisms, they are typically first "activated" by being joined via a glycosidic bond to the phosphate group of a nucleotide such as uridine diphosphate (UDP), guanosine diphosphate (GDP), thymidine diphosphate (TDP), or cytidine monophosphate (CMP). These activated biochemical intermediates are known as sugar nucleotides or sugar donors. Many biosynthetic pathways use mono- or oligosaccharides activated by a diphosphate linkage to lipids, such as dolichol. These activated donors are then substrates for enzymes known as glycosyltransferases, which transfer the sugar unit from the activated donor to an accepting nucleophile (the acceptor substrate).
C. Bucher, R. Gilmour, Angew. Chem. 2010, early view, DOI: 10.1002/ange.201004467; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, early view, DOI: 10.1002/anie.201004467
Disaccharide phosphorylases[edit]
Different biocatalytic approaches has been developed toward the synthesis of glycosides in the past decades, which using “glycosyltransferases” and “glycoside hydrolases” are among the most common catalysis. The former often needs expensive materials and the later often shows low yields, De Winter et al.[10] investigated use of Cellobiose Phosphorylase (CP) toward synthesis of alpha-glycosides in ionic liquids. The best condition for use of CP was found to be in the presence of IL AMMOENG 101 and ethyl acetate.
Directed glycosylations[edit]
Multiple chemical approaches exist to encourage selectivity of α- and β-glycosidic bonds. The highly substrate specific nature of the selectivity and the overall activity of the pyranoside can provide major synthetic difficulties. The overall specificity of the glycosylation can be improved by utilizing approaches which take into account the relative transition states that the anomeric carbon can undergo during a typical glycosylation. Most notably, recognition and incorporation of Felkin-Ahn-Eisenstein models into rationale chemical design can generally provide reliable results provided the transformation can undergo this type of conformational control in the transition state.
Fluorine directed glycosylations represent an encouraging handle for both B selectivity and introduction of a non-natural biomimetic C2 functionality on the carbohydrate. One innovative example provided by Bucher et al. provides a way to utilize a fluoro oxonium ion and the trichloroacetimidate to encourage B stereoselectivity through the gauche effect. This reasonable stereoselectivity is clear through visualization of the Felkin-Ahn models of the possible chair forms.
This method represents an encouraging way to selectivity incorporate B-ethyl, isopropyl and other glycosides with typical trichloroacetimidate chemistry.
Control of Oxonium ion – Felkin-Ahn stereoselectivity
O-linked glycopeptides; pharmaceutical uses of O-glycosylated peptides[edit]
Control of oxonium ion – Felkin-Ahn stereoselectivity chair forms
O-linked glycopeptides recently have been shown to exhibit excellent CNS permeability and efficacy in multiple animal models with disease states. In addition one of the most intriguing aspects thereof is the capability of O-glycosylation to extend half life, decrease clearance, and improve PK/PD thereof the active peptide beyond increasing CNS penetration. The innate utilization of sugars as solubilizing moieties in Phase II and III metabolism (glucuronic acids) has remarkably allowed an evolutionary advantage in that mammalian enzymes are not directly evolved to degrade O glycosylated products on larger moieties.
The peculiar nature of O-linked glycopeptides is that there are numerous examples which are CNS penetrant. The fundamental basis of this effect is thought to involve "membrane hopping" or "hop diffusion". The non-brownian motion driven "hop diffusion" process is thought to occur due to discontinuity of the plasma membrane. "Hop diffusion" notably combines free diffusion and intercomparmental transitions. Recent examples notably include high permeability of met-enkephalin analogs amongst other peptides. The full mOR agonist pentapeptide DAMGO is also CNS penetrant upon introduction of glycosylation.[11][12][13][14]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Nomenclature of Carbohydrates (Recommendations 1996)". Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London.
Jump up ^ Bertozzi, Carolyn; Rabuka, David. "Essentials of Glycobiology. 2nd edition". NCBI. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
Jump up ^ Emil Fischer (1893). "Ueber die Glucoside der Alkohole". Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft. 26 (3): 2400–2412. doi:10.1002/cber.18930260327.
Jump up ^ Fischer, Emil (1895-01-01). "Ueber die Verbindungen der Zucker mit den Alkoholen und Ketonen". Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft. 28 (1): 1145–1167. doi:10.1002/cber.189502801248. ISSN 1099-0682.
Jump up ^ Nüchter, Matthias; Ondruschka, Bernd; Lautenschläger, Werner (2001-01-01). "Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Alkyl Glycosides". Synthetic Communications. 31 (9): 1277–1283. doi:10.1081/scc-100104035. ISSN 0039-7911.
Jump up ^ Vishal Y Joshi, Manohar R Sawant (2006). "A convenient stereoselective synthesis of β-D-glucopyranosides". Indian journal of chemistry. 45B: 461–465.
Jump up ^ Wilhelm Koenigs and Edward Knorr (1901). "Ueber einige Derivate des Traubenzuckers und der Galactose (p )". Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 34 (1): 957–981.
Jump up ^ Koenigs W & Knorr E, Chem Ber, 34,1901, 957.
^ Jump up to: a b Wen-Ya Lu, Guo-Qiang Lin, Hui-Lei Yu, Ai-Ming Tong, Jian-He Xu (2009-12-09). Whittall J, Sutton PW, eds. Practical Methods for Biocatalysis and Biotransformations. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 236–239. ISBN 978-0-470-74859-6.
Jump up ^ De Winter, Karel; Van Renterghem, Lisa; Wuyts, Kathleen; Pelantová, Helena; Křen, Vladimír; Soetaert, Wim; Desmet, Tom (2015). "Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of β-D Glucosides using Cellobiose Phosphorylase from Clostridium thermocellum". Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis. 357 (8): 1961–1969. doi:10.1002/adsc.201500077. ISSN 1615-4150.
Jump up ^ Egleton, Richard D; Mitchell, Scott A; Huber, Jason D; Janders, Jaqueline; Stropova, Dagmar; Polt, Robin; Yamamura, Henry I; Hruby, Victor J; Davis, Thomas P (2000-10-20). "Improved bioavailability to the brain of glycosylated Met-enkephalin analogs". Brain Research. 881 (1): 37–46. doi:10.1016/S0006-8993(00)02794-3.
Jump up ^ Polt, Robin; Dhanasekaran, Muthu; Keyari, Charles M. (2005-09-01). "Glycosylated neuropeptides: a new vista for neuropsychopharmacology?". Medicinal Research Reviews. 25 (5): 557–585. doi:10.1002/med.20039. ISSN 0198-6325. PMID 16075406.
Jump up ^ Polt, Robin; Dhanasekaran, Muthu; Keyari, Charles M. (2005-09-01). "Glycosylated neuropeptides: A new vista for neuropsychopharmacology?". Medicinal Research Reviews. 25 (5): 557–585. doi:10.1002/med.20039. ISSN 1098-1128. PMID 16075406.
Jump up ^ Egleton, Richard D.; Bilsky, Edward J.; Tollin, Gordon; Dhanasekaran, Muthu; Lowery, John; Alves, Isabel; Davis, Peg; Porreca, Frank; Yamamura, Henry I. (2005-01-10). "Biousian glycopeptides penetrate the blood–brain barrier". Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. Carbohydrate Science. Part 1. 16 (1): 65–75. doi:10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.11.038.
Marco Brito-Arias, "Synthesis and Characterization of Glycosides", second edition, Editorial Springer 2016.
External links[edit]
Definition of glycosides, from the IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, the "Gold Book"
Varki A et al. Essentials of Glycobiology. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 1999. Searchable online
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National Film Award for Best Actor
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
National Film Award for Best Actor
National award for contributions to Indian Cinema
Awarded for
Best Performance by an Actor
Sponsored by
Directorate of Film Festivals
Formerly called
Bharat Award (1968–1974)
Reward(s)
Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus)
₹50,000 (US$770)
First awarded
1967
Last awarded
2017
Most recent winner
Riddhi Sen
Highlights
Total awarded
56
First winner
Uttam Kumar
The National Film Award for Best Actor, officially known as the Rajat Kamal Award for the Best Actor (Hindi pronunciation: [rədʒət̪ kəməl]), is an honour presented annually at the National Film Awards of India instituted since 1967 to actors who have delivered the best performance in a leading role within the Indian film industry.[1] Called the "State Awards for Films" when established in 1954, the National Film Awards ceremony is older than the Directorate of Film Festivals. The State Awards instituted the individual award in 1968 as the "Bharat Award for the Best Actor"; in 1975, it was renamed as the "Rajat Kamal Award for the Best Actor".[1][2][3] Throughout the past 45 years, accounting for ties and repeat winners, the Government of India has presented a total of 52 "Best Actor" awards to 40 actors. Until 1974, winners of the National Film Award received a figurine and certificate; since 1975, they have been awarded with a "Rajat Kamal" (silver lotus), certificate and a cash prize.[a][2]
Although the Indian film industry produces films in around 20 languages and dialects,[1] the actors whose performances have won awards have worked in seven major languages: Hindi (twenty-two awards), Malayalam (thirteen awards), Tamil (seven awards), Bengali (five awards), Marathi (three awards), Kannada (three awards) and English (two awards).
The first recipient was Uttam Kumar from Bengali cinema, who was honoured at the 15th National Film Awards in 1968 for his performances in Anthony Firingee and Chiriyakhana.[5] As of 2017, Amitabh Bachchan is the most honoured actor, with four awards. Two actors—Kamal Haasan and Mammootty—have been honoured three times, while six actors—Sanjeev Kumar, Mithun Chakraborty, Om Puri, Naseeruddin Shah, Mohanlal, and Ajay Devgn—have won the award two times. Two actors have achieved the honour for performing in two languages—Mithun Chakraborty (Hindi and Bengali) and Mammootty (Malayalam and English).[6] The most recent recipient is Riddhi Sen, who was honoured at the 65th National Film Awards for his performance in the Bengali film Nagarkirtan.
Contents
[hide]
1 Recipients
2 Footnotes
3 References
4 External links
Recipients[edit]
Amitabh Bachchan has won the honour maximum number of times(four).[b]
Kamal Haasan (top) and Mammootty (bottom) have won the award three times.
Mithun Chakraborty was awarded for his debut film.[8]
Key
Symbol
Meaning
Year Indicates the year in which the film was censored by the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC)
Indicates a joint award for that year
List of award recipients, showing the year, role(s), film(s) and language(s)
Year[c]
Recipient(s)
Role(s)
Work(s)
Language(s)
Refs.
1967
(15th)
Uttam Kumar
• Anthony Firingee
• Byomkesh Bakshi • Antony Firingee
• Chiriyakhana Bengali [9]
1968
(16th)
Ashok Kumar
Jogi Thakur Aashirwad Hindi [10]
1969
(17th)
Utpal Dutt
Bhuvan Shome Bhuvan Shome Hindi [11]
1970
(18th)
Sanjeev Kumar
Hamid Ahmed Dastak Hindi [12]
1971
(19th)
M. G. Ramachandran
Selvam Rickshawkaran Tamil [13]
1972
(20th)
Sanjeev Kumar
Hari Charan Mathur Koshish Hindi [12]
1973
(21st)
P. J. Antony
Velichapad Nirmalyam Malayalam [2]
1974
(22nd)
Sadhu Meher
Kishtaya Ankur Hindi [3]
1975
(23rd)
M. V. Vasudeva Rao
Choma Chomana Dudi Kannada [14]
1976
(24th)
Mithun Chakraborty
Ghinua Mrigayaa Hindi [15]
1977
(25th)
Bharath Gopi
Shankaran Kutty Kodiyettam Malayalam [16]
1978
(26th)
Arun Mukherjee
Parasuram Parasuram Bengali [17]
1979
(27th)
Naseeruddin Shah
Anirudh Parmar Sparsh Hindi [18]
1980
(28th)
Balan K. Nair
Govindan Oppol Malayalam [19]
1981
(29th)
Om Puri
Hari Mondal Arohan Hindi [20]
1982
(30th)
Kamal Haasan
R. Srinivas (Cheenu) Moondram Pirai Tamil [21]
1983
(31st)
Om Puri
Anant Velankar Ardh Satya Hindi [22]
1984
(32nd)
Naseeruddin Shah
Naurangia Paar Hindi [18]
1985
(33rd)
Shashi Kapoor
Vikas Pande New Delhi Times Hindi [23]
1986
(34th)
Charuhasan
Tabara Shetty Tabarana Kathe Kannada [24]
1987
(35th)
Kamal Haasan
Sakthivelu Nayakar[d] Nayakan Tamil [26]
1988
(36th)
Premji
Raghava Chakyar Piravi Malayalam [27]
1989
(37th)
Mammootty
• Vaikom Muhammad Basheer [e]
• Chandu Chekavar • Mathilukal
• Oru Vadakkan Veeragatha Malayalam [29]
1990
(38th)
Amitabh Bachchan
Vijay Deenanath Chauhan Agneepath Hindi [30]
1991
(39th)
Mohanlal
Gopinathan Bharatham Malayalam [31]
1992
(40th)
Mithun Chakraborty
Shibnath Tahader Katha Bengali [15]
1993
(41st)
Mammootty
• Ponthan Mada
• Bhaskara Patelar • Ponthan Mada
• Vidheyan Malayalam [29]
1994
(42nd)
Nana Patekar
Pratap Narayan Tilak Krantiveer Hindi [32]
1995
(43rd)
Rajit Kapur
Mahatma Gandhi Making of the Mahatma !The Making of the Mahatma English [33]
1996
(44th)
Kamal Haasan
• Senapathy (Indian)
• Chandrabose Indian Tamil [34]
1997
(45th)
Balachandra Menon
Ismail Samaantharangal Malayalam [35]
1997
(45th)
Suresh Gopi
Kannan Perumalayan Kaliyattam Malayalam [35]
1998
(46th)
Ajay Devgn
Ajay R. Desai Zakhm Hindi [6]
1998
(46th)
Mammootty
B. R. Ambedkar Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar English [6]
1999
(47th)
Mohanlal
Kunjikuttan Vanaprastham Malayalam [36]
2000
(48th)
Anil Kapoor
Major Jaidev Rajvansh Pukar Hindi [37]
2001
(49th)
Murali
Appa Mestry Neythukaran Malayalam [38]
2002
(50th)
Ajay Devgn
Bhagat Singh Legend of Bhagat Singh !The Legend of Bhagat Singh Hindi [39]
2003
(51st)
Vikram
Chithan Pithamagan Tamil [40]
2004
(52nd)
Saif Ali Khan
Karan Kapoor Hum Tum Hindi [41]
2005
(53rd)
Amitabh Bachchan
Debraj Sahai Black Hindi [42]
2006
(54th)
Soumitra Chatterjee
Shashanka Palit Podokkhep Bengali [43]
2007
(55th)
Prakash Raj
Vengadam Kanchivaram Tamil [44]
2008
(56th)
Upendra Limaye
Tayappa Jogwa Marathi [45]
2009
(57th)
Amitabh Bachchan
Auro Paa Hindi [46]
2010
(58th)
Dhanush
K. P. Karuppu Aadukalam Tamil [47]
2010
(58th)
Salim Kumar
Abu Adaminte Makan Abu Malayalam [47]
2011
(59th)
Girish Kulkarni
Keshya Deool Marathi [48]
2012
(60th)
Irrfan Khan
Paan Singh Tomar Paan Singh Tomar Hindi [4]
2012
(60th)
Vikram Gokhale
Ratnakar Anumati Marathi [4]
2013
(61st)
Rajkummar Rao
Shahid Azmi Shahid Hindi [49]
2013
(61st)
Suraj Venjaramoodu
Father[f] Perariyathavar Malayalam [49]
2014
(62nd)
Sanchari Vijay
Madesha (Vidya) Naanu Avanalla...Avalu Kannada [50]
2015
(63rd)
Amitabh Bachchan
Bhashkor Banerjee Piku Hindi [51]
2016
(64th)
Akshay Kumar
Rustom Pavri Rustom Hindi [52]
2017
(65th)
Riddhi Sen
Puti Nagarkirtan Bengali [53]
Footnotes[edit]
Jump up ^ As of 2014, the cash prize is ₹50,000 (US$770).[4]
Jump up ^ Bachchan has been the most successful actor since 2000, having won the award three times for his performances in Black (2005), Paa (2009) and Piku (2015).[7]
Jump up ^ Denotes The year in which the film was censored by the Central Board of Film Certification.
Jump up ^ The character played by Kamal Haasan was loosely based on the Mumbai-based Tamil gangster Varadarajan Mudaliar.[25]
Jump up ^ Mammootty played the real-life character of Vaikom Muhammad Basheer in the film that was based on an autobiographical novel of the same name by Basheer himself .[28]
Jump up ^ The character remained unnamed throughout the film.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "About National Film Awards". Directorate of Film Festivals. Archived from the original on 25 October 2011. Retrieved 31 July 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c "21st National Awards For Films (1974)" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. p. 16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "22nd National Film Festival (1975)" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. p. 14. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c "60th National Film Awards Announced" (PDF) (Press release). Press Information Bureau (PIB), India. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
Jump up ^ "National Awards for Films: Uttam Kumar (1967)" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. 25 November 1968. p. 29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 31 July 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Award for the Best Actor" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. p. 24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 January 2013. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Amitabh Bachchan". The Hindustan Times. 18 August 2012. Archived from the original on 17 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Ghosh, Avijit (10 July 2010). "Mithun: Sexy at sixty". The Times of India. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "14th National Film Awards For Films (1968)" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. 25 November 1968. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "16th National Awards For Films (1969)" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. 13 February 1970. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
Jump up ^ Gokulsing, K. & Dissanayake, Wimal (2004). Indian popular cinema: a narrative of cultural change. Trentham Books. p. 97. ISBN 1-85856-329-1.
^ Jump up to: a b "20th National Awards For Films (1971)" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. p. 41. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "About MGR – Dr. M. G. Ramachandran". mgrhome.org. MGR Memorial Charitable Trust. Archived from the original on 21 August 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "23rd National Film Festival (1976)" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. p. 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 May 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "40th National Film Festival" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. pp. 38–39. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 October 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "25th National Film Festival (1978)" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
Jump up ^ The Times of India directory & yearbook, including who's who. Times of India Press. HathiTrust. 1980.
^ Jump up to: a b "32nd National Film Festival (1985)" (PDF) (in Hindi). Directorate of Film Festivals. p. 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "28th National Film Festival (1981)" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. p. 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "29th National Film Festival (1982)" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. p. 10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "30th National Film Festival (1983)" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. p. 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 December 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "31st National Film Festival June 1984" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. p. 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
Jump up ^ Chatterjee, Saibal; Nihalani, Govind & Guljar (2003). "Kapoor, Shashi (b. 1938)". Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema. Delhi: Popular Prakashan. p. 568. ISBN 81-7991-066-0.
Jump up ^ "34th National Film Awards 1987". Directorate of Film Festivals. p. 24. Archived from the original on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Of course Velu Nayakan doesn't dance". The Hindu. 18 January 2013. Archived from the original on 12 June 2013. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Award for the Best Actor" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. p. 26. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
Jump up ^ Nagarajan, Saraswathy (17 September 2010). "Smooth sailing". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 21 September 2010. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "Mammootty as Basheer's Majid". Bangalore Mirror. 21 July 2013. Archived from the original on 16 August 2013. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Award for the Best Actor" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. pp. 34–35. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Award for the Best Actor" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. p. 26. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 March 2012. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Award for the Best Actor" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. p. 36. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Award for the Best Actor" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. p. 24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Award for the Best Actor" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. p. 24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Award for the Best Actor" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. p. 22. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Award for the Best Actor" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. p. 24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Award for the Best Actor" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. p. 24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Award for the Best Actor" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. p. 40. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2012. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Award for the Best Actor" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. p. 30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Standing ovation for Dev Anand". The Tribune. Chandigarh. Tribune News Service. 30 December 2003. Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Award for the Best Actor" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. p. 28. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Award for the Best Actor" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. p. 28. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Award for the Best Actor" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. p. 28. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Award for the Best Actor" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. p. 26. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Award for the Best Actor" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. p. 32. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Award for the Best Actor" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. p. 34. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 January 2013. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Award for the Best Actor" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. p. 64. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 July 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Award for the Best Actor" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "59th National Film Awards for 2011 – Feature Films" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "61st National Film Awards Announced" (PDF) (Press release). Press Information Bureau (PIB), India. 16 April 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
Jump up ^ "62nd National Awards: Kangana Ranaut wins Best Actress for 'Queen', Vijay wins Best Actor for 'Nanu Avanalla Avalu'". Times of India. 24 March 2015. Archived from the original on 24 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "63rd National Film Awards: List of winners". The Times of India. 28 March 2013. Archived from the original on 30 March 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
Jump up ^ "64 th National Film Awards, 2016" (PDF) (Press release). Directorate of Film Festivals. 4 April 2018. p. 89. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 June 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "65th National Film Awards announcement LIVE UPDATES". The Indian Express. 13 April 2018.
External links[edit]
Official Page for Directorate of Film Festivals, India
National Film Awards Archives
[show]
v
t
e
National Film Award for Best Actor
1967–1980
Uttam Kumar (1967)
Ashok Kumar (1968)
Utpal Dutt (1969)
Sanjeev Kumar (1970)
M. G. Ramachandran (1971)
Sanjeev Kumar (1972)
P. J. Antony (1973)
Sadhu Meher (1974)
M. V. Vasudeva Rao (1975)
Mithun Chakraborty (1976)
Bharath Gopi (1977)
Arun Mukherjee (1978)
Naseeruddin Shah (1979)
Balan K. Nair (1980)
1981–2000
Om Puri (1981)
Kamal Haasan (1982)
Om Puri (1983)
Naseeruddin Shah (1984)
Shashi Kapoor (1985)
Charuhasan (1986)
Kamal Haasan (1987)
Premji (1988)
Mammootty (1989)
Amitabh Bachchan (1990)
Mohanlal (1991)
Mithun Chakraborty (1992)
Mammootty (1993)
Nana Patekar (1994)
Rajit Kapur (1995)
Kamal Haasan (1996)
Balachandra Menon and Suresh Gopi (1997)
Ajay Devgan and Mammootty (1998)
Mohanlal (1999)
Anil Kapoor (2000)
2001–present
Murali (2001)
Ajay Devgan (2002)
Vikram (2003)
Saif Ali Khan (2004)
Amitabh Bachchan (2005)
Soumitra Chatterjee (2006)
Prakash Raj (2007)
Upendra Limaye (2008)
Amitabh Bachchan (2009)
Dhanush and Salim Kumar (2010)
Girish Kulkarni (2011)
Irrfan Khan and Vikram Gokhale (2012)
Rajkummar Rao and Suraj Venjaramoodu (2013)
Sanchari Vijay (2014)
Amitabh Bachchan (2015)
Akshay Kumar (2016)
Riddhi Sen (2017)
[show]
v
t
e
National Film Awards
Directorate of Film Festivals
Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
Cinema of India
Lifetime Achievement
Dadasaheb Phalke Award
Feature Films
Golden Lotus Awards
Best Feature Film
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Silver Lotus Awards
Best Actor
Best Actress
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Best Supporting Actress
Best Child Artist
Best Music Direction
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Best Lyrics
Best Production Design
Best Audiography
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Best Costume Design
Best Editing
Best Make-up
Best Screenplay
Best Special Effects
Best Film on Environment Conservation/Preservation
Best Film on Family Welfare
Best Film on National Integration
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Special Jury Award
Special Mention
Silver Lotus Awards
(Regional)
Languages specified in the Eighth schedule of the Constitution of India:
Assamese
Bodo
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Kannada
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Discontinued Awards
Second Best Feature Film
Third Best Feature Film
Best Story
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Non-Feature Films
Golden Lotus Awards
Best Non-Feature Film
Best Director
Silver Lotus Awards
Best First Film of a Director
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Special Awards
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Special Jury Award / Special Mention (Film Critic)
Awards by year
1953–1960
1953 (1st)
1954 (2nd)
1955 (3rd)
1956 (4th)
1957 (5th)
1958 (6th)
1959 (7th)
1960 (8th)
1961–1980
1961 (9th)
1962 (10th)
1963 (11th)
1964 (12th)
1965 (13th)
1966 (14th)
1967 (15th)
1968 (16th)
1969 (17th)
1970 (18th)
1971 (19th)
1972 (20th)
1973 (21st)
1974 (22nd)
1975 (23rd)
1976 (24th)
1977 (25th)
1978 (26th)
1979 (27th)
1980 (28th)
1981–2000
1981 (29th)
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1984 (32nd)
1985 (33rd)
1986 (34th)
1987 (35th)
1988 (36th)
1989 (37th)
1990 (38th)
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2015 (63rd)
2016 (64th)
2017 (65th)
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values: National Film Award for Best Make-up Artist

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values: National Film Award for Best Feature Film in English

values: National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Gujarati

values: National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi

values: National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Kannada

values: National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam

values: National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Marathi

values: National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Odia

values: National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Punjabi

values: National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil

values: National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu

values: National Film Award for Second Best Feature Film

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values: National Film Award – Special Jury Award (non-feature film)

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values: শ্রেষ্ঠ অভিনেতার জন্য জাতীয় চলচ্চিত্র পুরস্কার (ভারত) – Bangla

values: National Film Award/Bester Hauptdarsteller – German

values: National Film Award du meilleur acteur – French

values: राष्ट्रीय फ़िल्म पुरस्कार - सर्वश्रेष्ठ अभिनेता पुरस्कार – Hindi

values: Penghargaan Rajat Kamal untuk Aktor Terbaik – Indonesian

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values: മികച്ച നടനുള്ള ദേശീയ ചലച്ചിത്രപുരസ്കാരം – Malayalam

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values: राष्ट्रीय चित्रपट पुरस्कार, सर्वोत्कृष्ट अभिनेता – Marathi

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values: Национальная кинопремия (Индия) за лучшую мужскую роль – Russian

values: தேசிய திரைப்பட விருதுகள் வாங்கிய நடிகர்களின் பட்டியல் – Tamil

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values: భారత జాతీయ చలనచిత్ర పురస్కారాలు - ఉత్తమ నటుడు – Telugu

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