text:
The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas (film)
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The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Mark Herman
Produced by
David Heyman
Screenplay by
Mark Herman
Based on
The Boy in the Striped Pajamas
by John Boyne
Starring
Vera Farmiga
David Thewlis
Rupert Friend
David Hayman
Asa Butterfield
Music by
James Horner
Cinematography
Benoît Delhomme
Edited by
Michael Ellis
Production
companies
BBC Films
Heyday Films
Distributed by
Miramax Films
Release date
12 September 2008 (2008-09-12)
Running time
94 minutes
Country
United Kingdom[1]
United States[1]
Language
English
Budget
$12.5 million[2]
Box office
$44.1 million[3]
The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas (released as The Boy in the Striped Pajamas in the United States) is a 2008 drama film set in World War II, based on the novel of the same name by John Boyne.[4] Directed by Mark Herman, produced by BBC Films and Heyday Films, and distributed by Miramax and Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, the film stars Vera Farmiga, David Thewlis, Asa Butterfield, and Jack Scanlon. It was released on 12 September 2008 in the United Kingdom.
The Holocaust drama explores the horror of a World War II Nazi extermination camp through the eyes of two 8-year-old boys; Bruno (Butterfield), the son of the camp's Nazi commandant, and Shmuel (Jack Scanlon), a Jewish inmate.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Reception
3.1 Critical response
3.2 Historical accuracy
3.3 Accolades
4 References
5 See also
6 External links
Plot[edit]
The film opens with the quote, "Childhood is measured out by sounds and smells and sights, before the dark hour of reason grows," by John Betjeman. A young boy named Bruno lives with his family in Berlin, in Nazi Germany during the period of the Holocaust. He learns that his father Ralf has been promoted, due to which their family, including Bruno's mother Elsa and sister Gretel, relocate to the countryside. Bruno hates his new home as there is no one to play with and very little to explore. After commenting that he has spotted people working on what he thinks is a farm in the distance, he is also forbidden from playing in the back garden.
Bruno and Gretel get a private tutor, Herr Liszt, who pushes an agenda of antisemitism and nationalist propaganda. As a result, Gretel becomes extremely fanatical in her support for the Third Reich, to the point of covering her bedroom wall with Nazi propaganda posters and portraits of Adolf Hitler. Bruno is confused as the Jews he has seen, in particular the family's Jewish servant Pavel, do not resemble the caricatures in Liszt's teachings.
One day, Bruno disobeys his parents and sneaks off into the woods, eventually arriving at an electric barbed wire fence surrounding a camp. He befriends a boy his own age named Shmuel. The pair's lack of knowledge on the true nature of the camp is revealed: Bruno thinks that the striped uniforms that Shmuel, Pavel, and the other prisoners wear are pyjamas and Shmuel believes his grandparents died from an illness during their journey to the camp. Bruno starts meeting Shmuel regularly, sneaking him food and playing board games with him. He eventually learns that Shmuel is a Jew and was brought to the camp with his father and mother.
Prisoner's clothing from Sachsenhausen concentration camp
One day, Elsa discovers the reality of Ralf's assignment after Lieutenant Kurt Kotler lets slip that the black smoke coming from the camp's chimneys is due to the burning corpses of Jews. She confronts Ralf, disgusted and heartbroken. At dinner that night, Kotler admits that his father had left his family and moved to Switzerland. Upon hearing this, Ralf tells Kotler that he should have informed the authorities of his father's disagreement with the current political regime as it was his duty. The embarrassed Kotler then becomes infuriated with Pavel for accidentally spilling a glass of wine and violently beats him, presumably to the point of killing him. The next morning the maid, Maria, is seen scrubbing the blood stains.
Later that day, Bruno sees Shmuel working in his home. Shmuel is there to clean wine glasses because they needed someone with small hands to do it. Bruno offers him some cake and willingly Shmuel accepts it. Unfortunately, Kotler happens to walk into the room where Bruno and Shmuel are socialising. Kotler is furious and yells at Shmuel for talking to Bruno. In the midst of his scolding, Kotler notices Shmuel chewing the food Bruno gave him. When Kotler asks Shmuel where he got the food, he says Bruno offered the cake, but Bruno, fearful of Kotler, denies this. Believing Bruno, Kotler tells Shmuel that they will have a "little chat" later. Distraught, Bruno goes to apologise to Shmuel, but finds him gone. Every day, Bruno returns to the same spot by the camp but does not see Shmuel. Eventually, Shmuel reappears behind the fence, sporting a black eye. Bruno apologises and Shmuel forgives him, renewing the friendship.
After the funeral of his mother, who was killed in Berlin by an enemy bombing, Ralf tells Bruno and Gretel that their mother suggests that they go to live with a relative because it is not safe there. Their mother suggests this because she does not want her children living with their murderous father. Shmuel has problems of his own; his father has gone missing after those with whom he participated in a march did not return to the camp. Bruno decides to redeem himself by helping Shmuel find his father. The next day, Bruno, who is due to leave that afternoon, dons a striped prisoners' outfit and a cap to cover his unshaven hair, and digs under the fence to join Shmuel in the search. Bruno soon discovers the true nature of the camp after seeing the many sick and weak-looking Jews, much to his shock. While searching, the boys are taken on a march with other inmates by Sonderkommandos.
At the house, Gretel and Elsa discover Bruno's disappearance. After they discover the open window he went through, Elsa bursts into Ralf's meeting to alert him that Bruno is missing. Ralf and his men mount a search. Led by a dog tracking Bruno's scent they find his discarded clothing outside the fence. Elsa and Gretel are following along behind. They enter the camp, looking for him; Bruno, Shmuel and the other inmates are stopped inside a changing room and are told to remove their clothes for a "shower". They are packed into a gas chamber, where Bruno and Shmuel hold each other's hands. A Schutzstaffel soldier pours some Zyklon B pellets inside, and the prisoners start panicking, yelling and banging on the metal door. When Ralf realises that a gassing is taking place, he cries out his son's name, and Elsa and Gretel fall to their knees in despair and mourn Bruno. The film ends by showing the closed door of the now-silent gas chamber, indicating that all prisoners, including Bruno and Shmuel, are dead.
Cast[edit]
Asa Butterfield as Bruno
Jack Scanlon as Shmuel, a young Jew sent to a camp
Vera Farmiga as Elsa, Bruno's mother
David Thewlis as Ralf, Bruno's father
Amber Beattie as Gretel, Bruno's older sister
Rupert Friend as Lieutenant Kurt Kotler
David Hayman as Pavel
Sheila Hancock as Natalie, Bruno's grandmother
Richard Johnson as Matthias, Bruno's grandfather
Cara Horgan as Maria
Jim Norton as Herr Liszt
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas has a 63% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 135 reviews, with an average rating of 6.2/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A touching and haunting family film that deals with the Holocaust in an arresting and unusual manner, and packs a brutal final punch of a twist."[5] On Metacritic, the film has a normalized score of 55 out of 100, based on 28 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[6]
James Christopher, of The Times, referred to the film as "a hugely affecting film. Important, too."[7] Manohla Dargis, of The New York Times said the film "trivialized, glossed over, kitsched up, commercially exploited and hijacked [the Holocaust] for a tragedy about a Nazi family."[8]
Historical accuracy[edit]
Some critics have criticised the premise of the book and subsequent film. Reviewing the original book, Rabbi Benjamin Blech wrote: "Note to the reader: There were no 9-year-old Jewish boys in Auschwitz – the Nazis immediately gassed those not old enough to work."[9] Rabbi Blech affirmed the opinion of a Holocaust survivor friend that the book is "not just a lie and not just a fairytale, but a profanation." Blech acknowledges the objection that a "fable" need not be factually accurate; he counters that the book trivialises the conditions in and around the death camps and perpetuates the "myth that those not directly involved can claim innocence," and thus undermines its moral authority. Students who read it, he warns, may believe the camps "weren't that bad" if a boy could conduct a clandestine friendship with a Jewish captive of the same age, unaware of "the constant presence of death."[9]
Kathryn Hughes, whilst agreeing about the implausibility of the plot, argues that "Bruno's innocence comes to stand for the wilful refusal of all adult Germans to see what was going on under their noses."[10] In the Chicago Sun-Times, Roger Ebert says the film is not a reconstruction of Germany during the war, but is "about a value system that survives like a virus."[11]
Accolades[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
2008 British Independent Film Awards[12] Best Actress Vera Farmiga Won
Best Director Mark Herman Nominated
Most Promising Newcomer Asa Butterfield Nominated
2009 Premio Goya Best European Film The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas Nominated
Irish Film and Television Awards[13] Best International Film Nominated
Young Artist Awards[14] Best Leading Performance (International Feature Film) Asa Butterfield & Jack Scanlon Nominated
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "The Boy in the Striped Pajamas (2008)". British Film Institute. 30 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas (2008)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Boy in the Striped Pajamas (2008) – Financial Information". The Numbers. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
Jump up ^ Vilkomerson, Sara (31 March 2009). "On Demand This Week: Lost Boys". The New York Observer. Archived from the original on 7 December 2009. Retrieved 4 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas (2008)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ Christopher, James (11 September 2008). "The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas Review". The Times. Archived from the original on 30 August 2009. Retrieved 30 August 2009.
Jump up ^ Dargis, Manohla (7 November 2008). "Horror Through a Child's Eyes". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 August 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Blech, Benjamin (23 October 2008). "The Boy in the Striped Pajamas". Aish. Archived from the original on 30 August 2009. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
Jump up ^ Hughes, Kathryn (21 January 2006). "Educating Bruno". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (5 November 2008). "The Boy in the Striped Pajamas". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "BIFA 2008 Nominations". British Independent Film Awards. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "2009 Winners—Film Categories". The Irish Film & Television Academy.
Jump up ^ "2009 Nominations & Recipients". Young Artist Awards.
See also[edit]
The Day the Clown Cried
External links[edit]
The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas at Box Office Mojo
The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas on IMDb
The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas at Rotten Tomatoes
Production notes
[hide]
v
t
e
Films directed by Mark Herman
Blame It on the Bellboy (1992)
Brassed Off (1996)
Little Voice (1998)
Purely Belter (2000)
Hope Springs (2003)
The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas (2008)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 230335176
BNE: XX4862942
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Boy_in_the_Striped_Pyjamas_(film)&oldid=817547441"
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text:
Ellen's Game of Games
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Ellen's Game of Games
Genre
Game show
Created by
Ellen DeGeneres
Presented by
Ellen DeGeneres[1]
Narrated by
Stephen "tWitch" Boss
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
1
No. of episodes
8
Production
Executive producer(s)
Ellen DeGeneres[1]
Mary Connelly
Ed Glavin
Andy Lassner
Kevin Leman
Jeff Kleeman
David A. Hurwitz
Production company(s)
Warner Horizon Television[1]
Telepictures
A Very Good Production
Bills Market and Television Producitons
Release
Original network
NBC
Picture format
1080i (HDTV)
Original release
December 18, 2017 – present
Chronology
Related shows
The Ellen DeGeneres Show
Ellen's Game of Games, also known as Game of Games and stylized as ellen's GAME OF GAMES is an American television game show that premiered on December 18, 2017.[2] In March 2017, NBC ordered six (later eight) hourlong episodes of the series. Ellen DeGeneres serves as host, while Stephen "tWitch" Boss appears as announcer/sidekick. The series is based on game segments from DeGeneres' daytime talk show, The Ellen DeGeneres Show.[1] A special preview episode aired on December 18, 2017, with the official series premiere on January 2, 2018.[3] On January 9, 2018, NBC renewed the series for a 13-episode second season.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Series overview
2 Format
2.1 Preliminary games
2.2 Know or Go
2.3 Hot Hands
3 Reception
3.1 Ratings
4 References
Series overview[edit]
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Nielsen ratings
First aired
Last aired
Rank
Average viewers
(in millions)
1 8 December 18, 2017 (2017-12-18) February 6, 2018 (2018-02-06) N/A N/A
2 13 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Format[edit]
Each episode is a self-contained mini-tournament with contestants being selected to play in one of four preliminary games. The winner of each game advances to the semi-final round to play "Know or Go". The last remaining player will play the "Hot Hands" game for a chance to win $100,000.
Preliminary games[edit]
Aw Snap: Contestants are joined by a bungee cord. The first contestant to move five apples into a basket, using only their teeth, advances.
Blindfolded Musical Chairs: Five contestants are blindfolded. In each of four heats, the contestants dance on a dance floor until the music stops; Ellen then presses buttons that cause stools to rise up from the floor. The first contestant to sit on each chair advances; the last contestant in each heat is eliminated. At the end of the fourth round, the winning contestant advances.
Danger Word: Two teams of two compete. One member of each team stands by Ellen, and acts as a clue-giver; the other member of the team sits behind three cannons. For each round, there is a "winning word" and a related "danger word" (e.g., winning word "lettuce", danger word "salad"). The two teams then alternate giving clues, Password-style. If a guesser gives the winning word, the opposing team gets a strike (and the opposing guesser gets sprayed with something from one of the cannons); if a guesser gives the danger word, his or her team gets a strike, and he or she gets sprayed. The first team to get three strikes is eliminated, and the winning team chooses one contestant to play Know or Go.
Dizzy Dash: Ellen reads a trivia question. Before contestants can answer, they are spun around to disorient them; to answer the question, the contestants must run to a nearby podium and grab the ball on top of it. The first contestant to answer three questions correctly advances.
Don't Leave Me Hanging: Three contestants are suspended from harnesses. The contestants take turns coming up with answers that fit a given category, such as "States that end in 'A'." A category ends when one contestant gives an incorrect answer, repeats a previous answer, or takes too long to respond; that contestant gets a strike. A contestant who gets three strikes is eliminated, and is launched to the top of the studio.
In Your Face, Honey: Two couples compete against each other: one member from each couple attempting to throw a ball as close to the target as possible. Whichever couple accumulates the most points after two attempts decides who will advance to Know or Go.
Make It Rain: Two contestants answer trivia questions asked by Ellen for turns at pulling down one of several umbrellas; one of which contains a cash prize of $10,000 in addition to a chance at playing for Know or Go, the rest filled with water.
Master Blaster: Three contestants compete to solve a jigsaw-style puzzle. The contestants are attached to bungee cords; the losing contestants are "blasted" into the air.
One-Eyed Monster: One at a time, contestants enter the monster. They must answer a question whose answer is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. For each number the contestant is off, he or she must pull one of the monster's teeth (e.g., if the correct answer is 3, saying either 2 or 4 results in pulling one tooth). However if the contestant gets the answer exactly right, he or she will not have to pull out any teeth and is safe. Pulling the wrong tooth causes the monster's jaws to snap shut, eliminating the contestant.
Say Whaaaat?: Eight contestants form two teams of four. One member of the team must relay a message to the other member, who is wearing headphones and therefore must use lip reading. The team that collects the most points wins, and chooses one member to compete in Know or Go. if there is a tie the teams must do it again.
Scary Go Round: Contestants must try to move three large balls across a series of rotating platforms within three minutes. The second contestant can fire balls from a "ball blaster" to impede the first contestant's progress. The contestant who completes the task in the faster time wins. if there is a tie, both players must do it again.
Tuba Toothpaste: Contestants are seated before a row of buttons shaped like valves on a tuba. Ellen then poses ridiculously hard trivia questions to each contestant in turn. When a contestant misses a question, Ellen spins a wheel to determine how many valves (one, two, or three) the contestant must press. but if a contestant somehow gets it right, he or she is safe. One of the valves causes the tuba to eject toothpaste at the contestant; when that happens, the other contestant advances.
You Bet Your Wife: Two teams of spouses or fiancés compete. Two husbands/fiancés bid auction-style on how many answers their wives/fiancés can give in a given category (e.g., "national brands of toothpaste") within 30 seconds. When one husband challenges, the other team's wife must give the required number of responses (there is no penalty for incorrect answers). Giving the required number of responses earns one point; the opposing teams earns a point if the challenged team fails, with Ellen sending the wife/fiancé falling. The first team to earn three points wins, and then chooses one member of the pair to play Know or Go.
Know or Go[edit]
The four winning contestants of each preliminary game stand on a platform 30 feet in the air. One by one they are given a category, and each contestant is asked a question in turn from left to right. When a contestant misses a question or answers it incorrectly, the contestant is eliminated, and falls through a chute beneath his or her feet. The last contestant remaining wins and advances to Hot Hands.
Hot Hands[edit]
The contestant has 30 seconds to identify the faces of ten celebrities that fit a category ("80s Stars" in the premiere). After identifying a celebrity, the contestant must press a button to move on to the next face. Contestants may pass if they are unsure; after three seconds, the next face automatically appears. Contestants earn an escalating amount of money based on the number of faces they correctly identify, as shown in the table below; correctly identifying ten celebrities earns the grand prize of $100,000.
Correct answers
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Money won $100 $1,000 $2,500 $10,000 $20,000 $30,000 $40,000 $50,000 $75,000 $100,000
Reception[edit]
Ratings[edit]
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)
1 "Game of Games" December 18, 2017 1.7/6 7.23[5] TBD TBD TBD TBD
2 "I'll Have What She's Playing" January 2, 2018 2.2/8 8.84[6] TBD TBD TBD TBD
3 "Say Hello to My Little Friends" January 2, 2018 2.4/8 8.88[6] TBD TBD TBD TBD
4 "Hasta la Vista, Honey!" January 9, 2018 2.1/8 7.87[7] TBD TBD TBD TBD
5 "Just Keep Spinning" January 16, 2018 2.2/8 8.78[8] TBD TBD TBD TBD
6 "You Can't Handle the Toothpaste" January 23, 2018 1.8/7 7.57[9] TBD TBD TBD TBD
7 "Ellen, We Have a Problem" January 30, 2018 1.8/7 7.58[10] TBD TBD TBD TBD
8 "I See Dizzy People" February 6, 2018 1.9/7 7.70[11] TBD TBD TBD TBD
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Schwindt, Oriana (March 2, 2017). "NBC Orders Ellen DeGeneres Game Show 'Ellen's Game of Games'". Variety.
Jump up ^ Vick, Megan (May 14, 2017). "NBC's Fall Schedule: This Is Us to Compete with ABC's TGIT". TV Guide.
Jump up ^ "'NBC Fills Remaining Winter Time Periods with "The Wall," "Ellen's Game of Games'". The Futon Critic. November 28, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ Nemetz, Dave (January 9, 2018). "Ellen's Game of Games Renewed for Season 2 at NBC". TVLine. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (December 19, 2017). "'Christmas Light Fight,' 'The Year in Memoriam,' 'Popstar's Best of 2017' adjust down: Monday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (January 4, 2018). "'Bull' adjusts up: Tuesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 4, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (January 10, 2018). "'Kevin (Probably) Saves the World' adjusts down: Tuesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (January 18, 2018). "Originals all hold, 'Modern Family' rerun adjusts down: Tuesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ Welch, Alex. "'LA to Vegas' and 'Bull' adjust down: Tuesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (January 31, 2018). "'Fresh Off the Boat' adjusts down, plus State of the Union analysis numbers: Tuesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (February 7, 2018). "'NCIS' and 'Bull' adjust up: Tuesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 7, 2018.
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Emergency Response Guidebook
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Emergency Response Guidebook
2016 ERG
Author
United States Department of Transportation
Subject
Hazardous Materials
Published
Every four years
Publication date
04/2016
Website
http://phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat/library/erg
The Emergency Response Guidebook: A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods/Hazardous Materials Transportation Incident (ERG) is used by emergency response personnel (such as firefighters,Paramedics and police officers) in Canada, Mexico, and the United States when responding to a transportation emergency involving hazardous materials. First responders in Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia have recently begun using the ERG as well. It is produced by the United States Department of Transportation, Transport Canada, and the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation (Mexico). The principal authors of the ERG are Transport Canada's Michel Cloutier and U.S. DOT's George Cushmac. [1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Guidebook Contents
2 White Section (front)
3 Yellow Section
4 Blue Section
5 Orange Section
6 Green Section
7 White Section (back)
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Guidebook Contents[edit]
The ERG is primarily applicable for hazardous materials transported by highway and railway, but also is applicable for materials transported by air or waterway, as well as by pipeline. It was first issued by the US Department of Transportation in 1973, but later became a joint publication of the Department of Transportation (US DOT), Transport Canada (TC), and the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation (SCT) of Mexico, with collaboration with the Chemistry Information Center for Emergencies (CIQUIME) of Argentina. The ERG is issued every 4 years, with editions now being published in Spanish (Guía de Respuesta en Caso de Emergencia). In 1996 it was published as the North American Emergency Response Guidebook, but by the next publication in 2000 "North American" was removed due to its use by several South American countries). The ERG "is primarily a guide to aid first responders in quickly identifying the specific or generic hazards of the material(s) involved in the incident, and protecting themselves and the general public during the initial response phase of the incident"[2] and should only be used for the "initial response phase" ("that period following arrival at the scene of an incident during which the presence and/or identification of dangerous goods is confirmed, protective actions and area securement are initiated, and assistance of qualified personnel is requested.") of an incident . It is divided into six color-coded sections (white [uncolored], yellow, blue, orange, green, and a second white [uncolored]). The ERG includes 62 "Guides" (found in the Orange Section) that identify the primary hazards associated with the applicable general category of hazardous material and general guidance on how to respond to incidents involving that general category of hazardous material. The primary purpose of ERG is to direct the emergency responders to the most appropriate of these guides, based on the incident. The ERG also provides guidance regarding recommended evacuation distances, if applicable, in the Green Section.
White Section (front)[edit]
The first section, with white page (uncolored) borders, provides the following:
Information regarding shipping documents
Instructions on how to use the guidebook
General guidance for responding to any hazardous material incident
Basic information on the hazard classification system and the associated placards/labels
Recommendations the proper guides based transporting vehicle types and/or placards (when the material in question cannot be further identified otherwise)
General safety precautions
Specific guidance for incidents involving pipelines
Yellow Section[edit]
The second section, with yellow page borders, references the material in order of its assigned 4-digit ID number/UN/NA number (which is often placarded with the other hazardous materials placards) and identifies the appropriate guide number to reference in the Orange Section). Items highlighted in green in this section will have evacuation distances included in the Green Section.
Blue Section[edit]
The third section, with blue page borders, references the material in alphabetical order of its name and identifies the appropriate guide number to reference in the Orange Section). Items highlighted in green in this section will also have evacuation distances included in the Green Section.
Orange Section[edit]
The fourth section, with orange page borders, includes the actual response guides. Each of the 62 guides provides safety recommendations and directions on how to proceed during the initial response phase (first thirty minutes) of the incident. It includes "health" and "fire or explosion" potential hazard information (with the more dangerous hazard listed first). For example, "the material gives off irritating vapors, easily ignited by heat, reactive with water"; "highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin"; etc.
Next this section includes information for responders on appropriate protective clothing and possible evacuation information for either spill or fire is given. It also includes information on fighting fires (example, do not apply water to sodium), warnings for spills or leaks, and special directions for first aid (example, not to give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation if the materials are toxic).
In the event of an unknown material, Guide #111 should be followed until more information becomes available.
Green Section[edit]
The fifth section, with green page borders, suggests initial evacuation or shelter in place distances (protective action distances) for spills of materials that are Toxic-by-Inhalation (TIH). These distances vary based on the size of the spill (small or large) and whether the incident occurs during the day or at night. Only materials that were highlighted in green in the Yellow and Blue Sections are included in the Green Section. This section also includes information regarding toxic gases that are produced when certain materials are spilled in water (as identified previously in this section). Finally, this section includes some very specific evacuation details for six common materials.
White Section (back)[edit]
The sixth section, with white page (uncolored) borders, provides the following:
Additional instructions on how to use the guidebook
Information regarding protective clothing and equipment
Instructions on fire and spill control
BLEVE (boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion) safety precautions
Beginning with the 2004 edition, information specifically for hazardous materials being used for terrorism
Glossary of terms used in the ERG
Contact information for the various countries
See also[edit]
Emergency management
Wireless Information System for Emergency Responders
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/staticfiles/PHMSA/DownloadableFiles/Files/Hazmat/ERG2016.pdf
Jump up ^ http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/staticfiles/PHMSA/DownloadableFiles/Files/Hazmat/ERG2012.pdf 2012 Emergency Response Guide, page 356
External links[edit]
Downloadable version of book: 2016 Emergency Response Guidebook 4.9 MB PDF file
Online version of 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook Information
Press release announcing 2016 edition ERG release
Dangerous goods portal
United States portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emergency_Response_Guidebook&oldid=776546214"
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Josh Ryan Evans
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other people named Joshua Evans, see Joshua Evans (disambiguation).
Josh Ryan Evans
Evans as Timmy Lenox
Born
Joshua Ryan Evans
(1982-01-10)January 10, 1982
Hayward, California, U.S.
Died
August 5, 2002(2002-08-05) (aged 20)
San Diego, California, U.S.
Cause of death
Complications during heart surgery
Other names
Josh Evans
Occupation
Actor
Years active
1994 – 2002
Height
3 ft 2 in (97 cm)[1]
Joshua Ryan Evans (January 10, 1982 – August 5, 2002) was an American actor who became known for his role of Timmy Lenox in the soap opera Passions. Though he was 17 years old when Passions debuted, Evans had the appearance and voice of a small child due to achondroplasia, a form of dwarfism. He was 3 feet 2 inches (97 cm) tall.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life and career
2 Death
3 Filmography
4 Awards and nominations
5 References
6 External links
Early life and career[edit]
Born in Hayward, California, Evans began his career at age 12, appearing in various commercials. He made his film debut as a toddler in Baby Geniuses in 1999. The following year he played the role of the young Grinch (Jim Carrey's character) in Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas. He also appeared as General Tom Thumb in the A&E miniseries P.T. Barnum. Evans also had guest spots on Ally McBeal, 7th Heaven, and Poltergeist: The Legacy.[2]
In 1999, Evans began portraying Timmy on the soap opera Passions. Evans' character was a doll that the evil witch Tabitha Lenox brought to life with magic. For his work on the series, he was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award in 2000 and won two Soap Opera Digest Awards in 2000 and 2001.
The character of Timmy was intended to become an angel and remain a presence on the show, but this entire storyline was quickly rewritten after Evans' death to excise the character (although one already-filmed scene was eventually aired, showing Timmy in Heaven, as a sort of coda).
Death[edit]
On August 5, 2002, Evans died during a medical procedure in San Diego from complications related to a congenital heart condition.[1][3] The death scene Evans had previously taped for Passions aired the same day that he died;[4] the episode was dedicated to him.
Evans is interred at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in the Hollywood Hills.
Filmography[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1996–1997 Family Matters Stevil Double 2 episodes
1998 Ally McBeal Oren Koolie
1999 Baby Geniuses Baby dance double
Hey Arnold! Third Grader (Voice) 1 episode
Poltergeist: The Legacy Being (Voice)
P. T. Barnum General Tom Thumb Miniseries
7th Heaven Adam 1 episode
1999–2002 Passions Timmy 132 episodes
2000 Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas 8-Year-Old Grinch
Awards and nominations[edit]
Awards and nominations
Year
Award
Category
Title of work
Result
2001 Daytime Emmy Award Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series Passions Nominated
2000 Soap Opera Digest Awards Favorite Scene Stealer Passions Won
2001 Soap Opera Digest Awards Outstanding Male Scene Stealer Passions Won
2000 Young Artist Award Best Performance in a Soap Opera - Young Actor Passions Nominated
2000 YoungStar Awards Best Young Actor/Performance in a Daytime TV Series Passions Won
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "Small Wonder". People. 58 (9). 2002-08-19. ISSN 0093-7673.
Jump up ^ "Josh Ryan Evans". Soapcentral. Retrieved 1 February 2010.
Jump up ^ Oliver, Myrna (2002-08-07). "Joshua Evans, 20; 3-Foot, 2-Inch Actor Starred in TV's 'Passions'". latimes.com. Retrieved 1 February 2010.
Jump up ^ Errico, Marcus (2002-08-06). ""Passions" Star Josh Ryan Evans Dies". eonline.com. Retrieved 2 February 2010.
External links[edit]
California portal
Biography portal
Josh Ryan Evans on IMDb
Josh Ryan Evans and Achondroplasia at About.com
Josh Ryan Evans at Find a Grave
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Josh_Ryan_Evans&oldid=821757436"
Categories:
1982 births
2002 deaths
Male actors from California
Actors with dwarfism
American male child actors
American male film actors
American male soap opera actors
American male television actors
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
People from Hayward, California
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Total quality management
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This article is about the specific approach to quality management from the 1980s. For quality management, in general, see Quality management.
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Total quality management (TQM) consists of organization-wide efforts to install and make a permanent climate in which an organization continuously improves its ability to deliver high-quality products and services to customers. While there is no widely agreed-upon approach, TQM efforts typically draw heavily on the previously developed tools and techniques of quality control. TQM enjoyed widespread attention during the late 1980s and early 1990s before being overshadowed by ISO 9000, Lean manufacturing, and Six Sigma.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Development in the United States
2 Features
2.1 Notable definitions
2.1.1 United States Department of Defense (1988)
2.1.2 British Standards Institution standard BS 7850-1:1992
2.1.3 International Organization for Standardization standard ISO 8402:1994
2.1.4 The American Society for Quality
2.1.5 The Chartered Quality Institute
2.1.6 Baldrige Excellence Framework
2.2 Standards
3 Legacy
4 Criticism
5 See also
6 Footnotes
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
History[edit]
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the developed countries of North America and Western Europe suffered economically in the face of stiff competition from Japan's ability to produce high-quality goods at competitive cost. For the first time since the start of the Industrial Revolution, the United Kingdom became a net importer of finished goods. The United States undertook its own soul-searching, expressed most pointedly in the television broadcast of If Japan Can... Why Can't We? Firms began reexamining the techniques of quality control invented over the past 50 years and how those techniques had been so successfully employed by the Japanese. It was in the midst of this economic turmoil that TQM took root.
The exact origin of the term "total quality management" is uncertain.[1] It is almost certainly inspired by Armand V. Feigenbaum's multi-edition book Total Quality Control (OCLC 299383303) and Kaoru Ishikawa's What Is Total Quality Control? The Japanese Way (OCLC 11467749). It may have been first coined in the United Kingdom by the Department of Trade and Industry during its 1983 "National Quality Campaign".[1] Or it may have been first coined in the United States by the Naval Air Systems Command to describe its quality-improvement efforts in 1985.[1]
Development in the United States[edit]
In the spring of 1984, an arm of the United States Navy asked some of its civilian researchers to assess statistical process control and the work of several prominent quality consultants and to make recommendations as to how to apply their approaches to improve the Navy's operational effectiveness.[2] The recommendation was to adopt the teachings of W. Edwards Deming.[2][3] The Navy branded the effort "Total Quality Management" in 1985.[2][Note 1]
From the Navy, TQM spread throughout the US Federal Government, resulting in the following:
The creation of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award in August 1987
The creation of the Federal Quality Institute in June 1988
The adoption of TQM by many elements of government and the armed forces, including the United States Department of Defense,[4] United States Army,[5] and United States Coast Guard[6]
The private sector followed suit, flocking to TQM principles not only as a means to recapture market share from the Japanese, but also to remain competitive when bidding for contracts from the Federal Government[7] since "total quality" requires involving suppliers, not just employees, in process improvement efforts.
Features[edit]
There is no widespread agreement as to what TQM is and what actions it requires of organizations,[8][9][10] however a review of the original United States Navy effort gives a rough understanding of what is involved in TQM.
The key concepts in the TQM effort undertaken by the Navy in the 1980s include:[11]
"Quality is defined by customers' requirements."
"Top management has direct responsibility for quality improvement."
"Increased quality comes from systematic analysis and improvement of work processes."
"Quality improvement is a continuous effort and conducted throughout the organization."
The Navy used the following tools and techniques:
The PDCA cycle to drive issues to resolution
Ad hoc cross-functional teams (similar to quality circles) responsible for addressing immediate process issues
Standing cross-functional teams responsible for the improvement of processes over the long term
Active management participation through steering committees
Use of the Seven Basic Tools of Quality to analyze quality-related issues
Notable definitions[edit]
While there is no generally accepted definition of TQM, several notable organizations have attempted to define it. These include:
United States Department of Defense (1988)[edit]
"Total Quality Management (TQM) in the Department of Defense is a strategy for continuously improving performance at every level, and in all areas of responsibility. It combines fundamental management techniques, existing improvement efforts, and specialized technical tools under a disciplined structure focused on continuously improving all processes. Improved performance is directed at satisfying such broad goals as cost, quality, schedule, and mission need and suitability. Increasing user satisfaction is the overriding objective. The TQM effort builds on the pioneering work of Dr. W. E. Deming, Dr. J. M. Juran, and others, and benefits from both private and public sector experience with continuous process improvement."[12]
British Standards Institution standard BS 7850-1:1992[edit]
"A management philosophy and company practices that aim to harness the human and material resources of an organization in the most effective way to achieve the objectives of the organization."[13]
International Organization for Standardization standard ISO 8402:1994[edit]
"A management approach of an organisation centred on quality, based on the participation of all its members and aiming at long term success through customer satisfaction and benefits to all members of the organisation and society."[14]
The American Society for Quality[edit]
"A term first used to describe a management approach to quality improvement. Since then, TQM has taken on many meanings. Simply put, it is a management approach to long-term success through customer satisfaction. TQM is based on all members of an organization participating in improving processes, products, services and the culture in which they work. The methods for implementing this approach are found in the teachings of such quality leaders as Philip B. Crosby, W. Edwards Deming, Armand V. Feigenbaum, Kaoru Ishikawa and Joseph M. Juran."[15]
The Chartered Quality Institute[edit]
"TQM is a philosophy for managing an organisation in a way which enables it to meet stakeholder needs and expectations efficiently and effectively, without compromising ethical values."[16]
Baldrige Excellence Framework[edit]
In the United States, the Baldrige Award, created by Public Law 100-107, annually recognizes American businesses, education institutions, health care organizations, and government or nonprofit organizations that are role models for organizational performance excellence. Organizations are judged on criteria from seven categories:[17]
Leadership
Strategy
Customers
Measurement, analysis, and knowledge management
Workforce
Operations
Results
Example criteria are:[18]
How do you obtain information on your customers’ satisfaction relative to their satisfaction with your competitors?
How do you select, collect, align, and integrate data and information for tracking daily operations?
How do you manage your workforce, its needs, and your needs to ensure continuity, prevent workforce reductions, and minimize the impact of workforce reductions, if they do become necessary?
Joseph M. Juran believed the Baldrige Award judging criteria to be the most widely accepted description of what TQM entails.[8]:650
Standards[edit]
During the 1990s, standards bodies in Belgium, France, Germany, Turkey, and the United Kingdom attempted to standardize TQM. While many of these standards have since been explicitly withdrawn, they all are effectively superseded by ISO 9000:
Total Quality Management: Guide to Management Principles, London, England: British Standards Institution, 1992, ISBN 9780580211560, OCLC 655881602, BS 7850
Electronic Components Committee (1994), Guide to Total Quality Management (TQM) for CECC-Approved Organizations, Brussels, Belgium: European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization, CECC 00 806 Issue 1
System zur Zukunftssicherung: Total Quality Management (TQM), Düsseldorf, Germany: Verein Deutscher Ingenieure, 1996, OCLC 632959402, VDI 5500
Total Quality and Marketing/Management Tools, Paris, France: AFNOR, 1998, FD X50-680
Total Quality Management: Guide to Management Principles, Turkish Standards Institution (TSE), 2006, TS 13133
Legacy[edit]
Interest in TQM as an academic subject peaked around 1993.[1]
The Federal Quality Institute was shuttered in September 1995 as part of the Clinton administration's efforts to streamline government.[19] The European Centre for Total Quality Management closed in August 2009, a casualty of the Great Recession.[20]
TQM as a vaguely defined quality management approach was largely supplanted by the ISO 9000 collection of standards and their formal certification processes in the 1990s. Business interest in quality improvement under the TQM name also faded as Jack Welch's success attracted attention to Six Sigma and Toyota's success attracted attention to Lean manufacturing, though the three share many of the same tools, techniques, and significant portions of the same philosophy.
TQM lives on in various national quality awards around the globe.[21]
Criticism[edit]
The social scientist Bettina Warzecha (2017)[22] describes the central concepts of Quality Management (QM), such as e.g. process orientation, controllability, and zero defects as modern myths. She demonstrates that zero-error processes and the associated illusion of controllability involve the epistemological problem of self-referentiality. The emphasis on the processes in QM also ignores the artificiality and thus arbitrariness of the difference between structure and process. Above all, the complexity of management cannot be reduced to standardized (mathematical) procedures. According to her, the risks and negative side effects of QM are usually greater than the benefits (see also brand eins, 2010).[23]
See also[edit]
Capability Maturity Model Integration CMMI
Lean manufacturing
List of national quality awards
Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award
People Capability Maturity Model
Zero Defects
Footnotes[edit]
Jump up ^ The Navy rebranded its effort "Total Quality Leadership" in 1990.[2]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Martínez-Lorente, Angel R.; Dewhurst, Frank; Dale, Barrie G. (1998), "Total Quality Management: Origins and Evolution of the Term", The TQM Magazine, Bingley, United Kingdom: MCB University Publishers Ltd, vol. 10 no. 5, pp. 378–386, doi:10.1108/09544789810231261
^ Jump up to: a b c d Houston, Archester; Dockstader, Steven L. (1997), Total Quality Leadership: A Primer (PDF), Washington, D.C.: United States Navy, pp. 10–11, OCLC 38886868, 97-02, retrieved 2013-10-19
Jump up ^ McDaniel, Delora M.; Doherty, Linda M. (February 1990), Total Quality Management Case Study in a Navy Headquarters Organization, San Diego, California: Navy Personnel Research and Development Center, p. 1, OCLC 227755405, NPRDC-TN-90-10, retrieved 2013-10-20, Effective implementation of Total Quality Management (TQM) to improve quality and productivity is based upon the philosophy and management principles of W. Edwards Deming.
Jump up ^ United States Department of Defense (1989), Total Quality Management: A Guide for Implementation, Springfield, Virginia: National Technical Information Service, OCLC 21238720, DoD 5000.51-G
Jump up ^ Total Army Quality Management, Washington, D.C.: United States Army, 1992-06-12, Army Regulation 5–1, retrieved 2013-10-19
Jump up ^ Nelson, Robert T. (1991-01-10), COAST GUARD TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM) GENERIC ORGANIZATION (PDF), Washington, D.C.: United States Coast Guard, COMDTINST 5224.7, retrieved 2013-10-19
Jump up ^ Creech, Bill (1994), The Five Pillars of TQM: How to Make Total Quality Management Work for You, New York: Truman Talley Books/Dutton, p. 153, ISBN 9780525937258, OCLC 28508067, ...the DOD took steps to extend its reach to the thousands of vendors who sell to the department... Thus was born the DOD's TQM outreach program to all its vendors, large and small. And the TQM banners went up all over America.
^ Jump up to: a b Juran, Joseph M. (1995), A History of Managing for Quality: The Evolution, Trends, and Future Directions of Managing for Quality, Milwaukee, Wisconsin: ASQC Quality Press, p. 596, ISBN 9780873893411, OCLC 32394752, retrieved 2013-10-20
Jump up ^ Holmes, Ken (1992), Total Quality Management, Leatherhead, United Kingdom: Pira International, Ltd., p. 10, ISBN 9781858020112, OCLC 27644834, Ask ten people what TQM is and you will hear ten different answers. There is no specification or standard for it, or certification programme to proclaim that you have it. What we understand by TQM probably depends on which of the thought leaders, (often referred to as 'gurus') we have come across.
Jump up ^ Creech, Bill (1994), The Five Pillars of TQM: How to Make Total Quality Management Work for You, New York: Truman Talley Books/Dutton, p. 4, ISBN 9780525937258, OCLC 28508067, In fact, the term TQM has become so widely used that it has become the number one buzzphrase to describe a new type of quality-oriented management. Thus, the name TQM now covers a very broad tent encompassing all sorts of management practices. In my management advisory activities I run into scores of these different programs all parading under the same name. Few are alike, and those varied programs have a wide variety of features—a mixture of the old and the new—with, in more cases than not, very little of the new. ... However, I have forewarned you there are almost as many different TQM programs as there are companies that have started them because that creates confusion about what to do in your own case.
Jump up ^ Houston, Archester (December 1988), A Total Quality Management Process Improvement Model (PDF), San Diego, California: Navy Personnel Research and Development Center, pp. vii–viii, OCLC 21243646, AD-A202 154, retrieved 2013-10-20
Jump up ^ TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT MASTER PLAN, Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Defense, August 1988, p. 1, OCLC 831675799, ADA355612, retrieved 2013-10-19
Jump up ^ Hoyle, David (2007), Quality Management Essentials, Oxford, United Kingdom: Butterworth-Heinemann, p. 200, ISBN 9780750667869, OCLC 72868446, retrieved 2013-10-19
Jump up ^ Pfeifer, Tilo (2002), Quality Management: Strategies, Methods, Techniques, Munich, Germany: Carl Hanser Verlag, p. 5, ISBN 9783446220034, OCLC 76435823, retrieved 2013-10-19
Jump up ^ "Quality Glossary - T". asq.org. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: American Society for Quality. Retrieved 2013-10-19.
Jump up ^ "Factsheet: Total quality management (TQM)". www.thecqi.org. London, England: The Chartered Quality Institute. Retrieved 2013-10-19.
Jump up ^ "2015–2016 Baldrige Excellence Framework". www.nist.gov. Gaithersburg, Maryland: National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 2015-01-10.
Jump up ^ 2011–2012 Criteria for Performance Excellence (PDF), Gaithersburg, Maryland: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2011-01-12, retrieved 2010-10-20
Jump up ^ Dusharme, Dirk (August 1995), "Federal Quality Institute Set to Close", Quality Digest, Red Bluff, California: QCI International, ISSN 1049-8699, OCLC 17469778, retrieved 2013-10-19
Jump up ^ "European Centre for Total Quality Management". www.brad.ac.uk. Bradford, United Kingdom: University of Bradford. Retrieved 2013-10-19. The European Centre for TQM has ceased to exist as from the end of August 2009. For all information related to ECTQM and its activities, please contact Professor Mohamed Zairi.
Jump up ^ Vokurka, Robert J; Stading, Gary L; Brazeal, Jason (August 2000). "A Comparative Analysis of National and Regional Quality Awards" (PDF). Quality Progress. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: American Society for Quality. 33 (8): 41. ISSN 0033-524X. Archived from the original on unknown. Retrieved 2014-05-05. Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
Jump up ^ Bettina, Warzecha, (2017). Problem with Quality Management Process orientation, controllability and zero-defect processes as modern myths. Walsrode. ISBN 9783981863833. OCLC 992993108.
Jump up ^ "Ungesunde Ordnung - brand eins online". www.brandeins.de (in German). Retrieved 2018-01-08.
Further reading[edit]
Deming, W. Edwards (1986), Out of the Crisis, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, ISBN 9780911379013, OCLC 13126265, retrieved 2013-12-07 (Originally published in 1982 as Quality, Productivity, and Competitive Position, OCLC 9234321)
Feigenbaum, Armand V. (1983), Total Quality Control (3 ed.), New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., ISBN 9780070203532, OCLC 8552734
Rehder, Robert; Ralston, Faith (Summer 1984). "Total Quality Management: A Revolutionary Management Philosophy". S.A.M. Advanced Management Journal. Cincinnati, Ohio: The Society for Advancement of Management. 49 (3): 24–33. ISSN 0749-7075. OCLC 11220842.
Ishikawa, Kaoru (1985), What Is Total Quality Control? The Japanese Way (1 ed.), Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, ISBN 9780139524332, OCLC 11467749
Department of Defense (1990-02-15), Total Quality Management Guide: A Two Volume Guide for Defense Organizations, 1—Key Features of the DoD Implementation, Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Defense, OCLC 26866911, ADA225196, retrieved 2013-12-07
Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Total Quality Management (1990-02-15), Total Quality Management Guide: A Two Volume Guide for Defense Organizations, 2—A Guide to Implementation, Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Defense, OCLC 834271878, ADA230439, retrieved 2013-12-07
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Total quality management
Example Baldrige Award criteria
The American Society for Quality resource page on TQM
The Chartered Quality Institute resource page on TQM
The Economist resource page on TQM
Authority control
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values: Загальне управління якістю – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: Quản lý chất lượng toàn diện – Vietnamese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values: 全面品质管理 – Chinese

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values:
suggestions
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values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Total_quality_management rootpage-Total_quality_management skin-vector action-view