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List of WTA number 1 ranked tennis players
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This article is about number-one ranked players since 1975. For the all-time list, see World number 1 women tennis players.
Simona Halep, currently ranked no. 1 in women's singles
Latisha Chan, currently ranked no. 1 in women's doubles.
The list of WTA number 1 ranked players shows the professional women's tennis players who have been or currently are ranked world No. 1 by the Women's Tennis Association, along with the dates of first reaching and losing that spot. Since the WTA began producing computerized rankings on November 3, 1975, 25 women have reached the highest singles ranking and 36 women the highest doubles ranking. The WTA Rankings are a merit-based method for determining the rankings in women's tennis and the WTA releases ranking points weekly based on how players fared during the previous 52 weeks.
Contents
[hide]
1 Singles
1.1 World No. 1 ranked players
1.2 Weeks at No. 1
1.2.1 Total
1.2.2 Consecutive
1.3 Weeks at No. 1 by country
1.4 Year-end No. 1 players
1.4.1 Per player
1.4.2 Per year
1.5 Players who were ranked world No. 1 without having won a Grand Slam tournament
2 Doubles
2.1 World No. 1 ranked players
2.2 Weeks at No. 1
2.2.1 Total
2.2.2 Consecutive
2.3 Weeks at number 1 by country
2.4 Year-end No. 1 players
2.4.1 Per player
2.4.2 Per year
2.5 Players who were ranked world No. 1 without having won a Grand Slam tournament
3 See also
4 Notes
5 References
Singles[edit]
World No. 1 ranked players[edit]
The rankings are sourced by the WTA Media Guide and the WTA website (which usually revises its rankings every Sunday night or Monday morning, except when tournament finals are postponed).[1][2]
On 11 September 2017, Garbiñe Muguruza and Rafael Nadal made Spain the first country since the United States 14 years ago to simultaneously top both the ATP and the WTA rankings, with Muguruza making her debut in the No. 1 spot. The most recent previous such pair were Serena Williams and Andre Agassi, 28 April to 11 May, 2003.[3]
Steffi Graf spent 377 weeks at the top of the WTA, the most of any player.
New
no. 1
Country
Player
Start date
End date
Weeks
series
total
1 USA Chris Evert Nov 3, 1975 Apr 25, 1976 25 25
2 AUS Evonne Goolagong Cawley Apr 26, 1976 May 9, 1976 2 2
USA Chris Evert (2) May 10, 1976 Jul 9, 1978 113 138
3 USA Martina Navratilova Jul 10, 1978 Jan 13, 1979 26 26
USA Chris Evert (3) Jan 14, 1979 Jan 27, 1979 2 140
USA Martina Navratilova (2) Jan 28, 1979 Feb 24, 1979 4 30
USA Chris Evert (4) Feb 25, 1979 Apr 15, 1979 7 147
USA Martina Navratilova (3) Apr 16, 1979 Jun 24, 1979 10 40
USA Chris Evert (5) Jun 25, 1979 Sep 9, 1979 11 158
USA Martina Navratilova (4) Sep 10, 1979 Apr 6, 1980 31 71
4 USA Tracy Austin Apr 7, 1980 Apr 20, 1980 2 2
USA Martina Navratilova (5) Apr 21, 1980 Jul 6, 1980 11 82
USA Tracy Austin (2) Jul 7, 1980 Nov 17, 1980 19 21
USA Chris Evert (6) Nov 18, 1980 May 2, 1982 76 234
USA Martina Navratilova (6) May 3, 1982 May 16, 1982 2 84
USA Chris Evert (7) May 17, 1982 Jun 13, 1982 4 238
USA Martina Navratilova (7) Jun 14, 1982 Jun 9, 1985 156 240
USA Chris Evert (8) Jun 10, 1985 Oct 13, 1985 18 256
USA Martina Navratilova (8) Oct 14, 1985 Oct 27, 1985 2 242
USA Chris Evert (9) Oct 28, 1985 Nov 24, 1985 4 260
USA Martina Navratilova (9) Nov 25, 1985 Aug 16, 1987 90 332
5 GER Steffi Graf Aug 17, 1987 Mar 10, 1991 186 ↑ 186
6 YUG Monica Seles Mar 11, 1991 Aug 4, 1991 21 21
GER Steffi Graf (2) Aug 5, 1991 Aug 11, 1991 1 187
YUG Monica Seles (2) Aug 12, 1991 Aug 18, 1991 1 22
GER Steffi Graf (3) Aug 19, 1991 Sep 8, 1991 3 190
/ YUG Monica Seles (3) [n 1] Sep 9, 1991 Jun 6, 1993 91 113
GER Steffi Graf (4) Jun 7, 1993 Feb 5, 1995 87 277
7 ESP Arantxa Sánchez Vicario Feb 6, 1995 Feb 19, 1995 2 2
GER Steffi Graf (5) Feb 20, 1995 Feb 26, 1995 1 278
ESP Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (2) Feb 27, 1995 Apr 9, 1995 6 8
GER Steffi Graf (6) Apr 10, 1995 May 14, 1995 5 283
ESP Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (3) May 15, 1995 Jun 11, 1995 4 12
GER Steffi Graf (7) Jun 12, 1995 Aug 14, 1995 9 292
GER
USA Steffi Graf (7)
Monica Seles[n 1] (4) Aug 15, 1995 Nov 3, 1996 64 356
177
GER Steffi Graf (7) Nov 4, 1996 Nov 17, 1996 2 358
GER
USA Steffi Graf (7)
Monica Seles (5) Nov 18, 1996 Nov 24, 1996 1 359
178
GER Steffi Graf (7) Nov 25, 1996 Mar 30, 1997 18 377 ↑
8 SUI Martina Hingis Mar 31, 1997 Oct 11, 1998 80 80
9 USA Lindsay Davenport Oct 12, 1998 Feb 7, 1999 17 17
SUI Martina Hingis (2) Feb 8, 1999 Jul 4, 1999 21 101
USA Lindsay Davenport (2) Jul 5, 1999 Aug 8, 1999 5 22
SUI Martina Hingis (3) Aug 9, 1999 Apr 2, 2000 34 135
USA Lindsay Davenport (3) Apr 3, 2000 May 7, 2000 5 27
SUI Martina Hingis (4) May 8, 2000 May 14, 2000 1 136
USA Lindsay Davenport (4) May 15, 2000 May 21, 2000 1 28
SUI Martina Hingis (5) May 22, 2000 Oct 14, 2001 73 209
10 USA Jennifer Capriati Oct 15, 2001 Nov 4, 2001 3 3
USA Lindsay Davenport (5) Nov 5, 2001 Jan 13, 2002 10 38
USA Jennifer Capriati (2) Jan 14, 2002 Feb 24, 2002 6 9
11 USA Venus Williams Feb 25, 2002 Mar 17, 2002 3 3
USA Jennifer Capriati (3) Mar 18, 2002 Apr 21, 2002 5 14
USA Venus Williams (2) Apr 22, 2002 May 19, 2002 4 7
USA Jennifer Capriati (4) May 20, 2002 Jun 9, 2002 3 17
USA Venus Williams (3) Jun 10, 2002 Jul 7, 2002 4 11
12 USA Serena Williams Jul 8, 2002 Aug 10, 2003 57 57
13 BEL Kim Clijsters Aug 11, 2003 Oct 19, 2003 10 10
14 BEL Justine Henin Oct 20, 2003 Oct 26, 2003 1 1
BEL Kim Clijsters (2) Oct 27, 2003 Nov 9, 2003 2 12
BEL Justine Henin (2) Nov 10, 2003 Sep 12, 2004 44 45
15 FRA Amélie Mauresmo Sep 13, 2004 Oct 17, 2004 5 5
USA Lindsay Davenport (6) Oct 18, 2004 Aug 21, 2005 44 82
16 RUS Maria Sharapova Aug 22, 2005 Aug 28, 2005 1 1
USA Lindsay Davenport (7) Aug 29, 2005 Sep 11, 2005 2 84
RUS Maria Sharapova (2) Sep 12, 2005 Oct 23, 2005 6 7
USA Lindsay Davenport (8) Oct 24, 2005 Jan 29, 2006 14 98
BEL Kim Clijsters (3) Jan 30, 2006 Mar 19, 2006 7 19
FRA Amélie Mauresmo (2) Mar 20, 2006 Nov 12, 2006 34 39
BEL Justine Henin (3) Nov 13, 2006 Jan 28, 2007 11 56
RUS Maria Sharapova (3) Jan 29, 2007 Mar 18, 2007 7 14
BEL Justine Henin (4) Mar 19, 2007 May 18, 2008 61 117
RUS Maria Sharapova (4) May 19, 2008 Jun 8, 2008 3 17
17 SRB Ana Ivanovic Jun 9, 2008 Aug 10, 2008 9 9
18 SRB Jelena Janković Aug 11, 2008 Aug 17, 2008 1 1
SRB Ana Ivanovic (2) Aug 18, 2008 Sep 7, 2008 3 12
USA Serena Williams (2) Sep 8, 2008 Oct 5, 2008 4 61
SRB Jelena Janković (2) Oct 6, 2008 Feb 1, 2009 17 18
USA Serena Williams (3) Feb 2, 2009 Apr 19, 2009 11 72
19 RUS Dinara Safina Apr 20, 2009 Oct 11, 2009 25 25
USA Serena Williams (4) Oct 12, 2009 Oct 25, 2009 2 74
RUS Dinara Safina (2) Oct 26, 2009 Nov 1, 2009 1 26
USA Serena Williams (5) Nov 2, 2009 Oct 10, 2010 49 123
20 DEN Caroline Wozniacki Oct 11, 2010 Feb 13, 2011 18 18
BEL Kim Clijsters (4) Feb 14, 2011 Feb 20, 2011 1 20
DEN Caroline Wozniacki (2) Feb 21, 2011 Jan 29, 2012 49 67
21 BLR Victoria Azarenka Jan 30, 2012 Jun 10, 2012 19 19
RUS Maria Sharapova (5) Jun 11, 2012 Jul 8, 2012 4 21
BLR Victoria Azarenka (2) Jul 9, 2012 Feb 17, 2013 32 51
USA Serena Williams (6) Feb 18, 2013 Sep 11, 2016 186 ↑ 309
22 GER Angelique Kerber Sep 12, 2016 Jan 29, 2017 20 20
USA Serena Williams (7) Jan 30, 2017 Mar 19, 2017 7 316
GER Angelique Kerber (2) Mar 20, 2017 Apr 23, 2017 5 25
USA Serena Williams (8) Apr 24, 2017 May 14, 2017 3 319
GER Angelique Kerber (3) May 15, 2017 Jul 16, 2017 9 34
23 CZE Karolína Plíšková Jul 17, 2017 Sep 10, 2017 8 8
24 ESP Garbiñe Muguruza Sep 11, 2017 Oct 8, 2017 4 4
25 ROU Simona Halep Oct 9, 2017 Jan 28, 2018 16 16
DEN Caroline Wozniacki (3) Jan 29, 2018 Feb 25, 2018 4 71
ROU Simona Halep (2) Feb 26, 2018 Present 9 25
Key
↑ Open-era record
Current No. 1 player as of April 23, 2018[update]
Note
^ Jump up to: a b Monica Seles was stabbed by a spectator during a WTA tournament match on 30 April 1993; while ranked number 1. When she returned to competition in 1995, the WTA decided to reinstate her alongside Graf as number one, with her ranking protected for a year until she had a full season of ranking points accrued.[4]
Weeks at No. 1[edit]
Total[edit]
Rank
Nat. Player
Weeks
1. Steffi Graf 377
2. Martina Navratilova 332
3. Serena Williams 319
4. Chris Evert 260
5. Martina Hingis 209
6. / / Monica Seles 178
7. Justine Henin 117
8. Lindsay Davenport 98
9. Caroline Wozniacki 71
10. Victoria Azarenka 51
11. Amélie Mauresmo 39
12. Angelique Kerber 34
13. Dinara Safina 26
14. Simona Halep 25
15. Tracy Austin 21
Maria Sharapova
17. Kim Clijsters 20
18. Jelena Janković 18
19. Jennifer Capriati 17
20. Arantxa Sánchez Vicario 12
Ana Ivanovic
22. Venus Williams 11
23. Karolína Plíšková 8
24. Garbiñe Muguruza 4
25. Evonne Goolagong Cawley 2
active players - current No. 1 in bold
Consecutive[edit]
Rank
Nat. Player
Weeks
1. Steffi Graf 186
Serena Williams
3. Martina Navratilova 156
4. Chris Evert 113
5. Steffi Graf (2) 94
6. Monica Seles 91
7. Martina Navratilova (2) 90
8. Steffi Graf (3) 87
9. Martina Hingis 80
10. Chris Evert (2) 76
11. Martina Hingis (2) 73
12 Monica Seles (2) 64
13. Justine Henin 61
14. Serena Williams (2) 57
15. Serena Williams (3) 49
Caroline Wozniacki
17. Justine Henin (2) 44
Lindsay Davenport
19. Martina Hingis (3) 34
Amélie Mauresmo
current streak in bold
as of April 23, 2018[update][5][6]
The source for this through the week of January 2, 2012, is the 2012 WTA Tour Official Guide, page 177.[1]
Weeks at No. 1 by country[edit]
Rank
Country
Number of
Players
players
weeks
1. United States 8 1,123 Chris Evert, Martina Navratilova, Tracy Austin, Monica Seles*, Lindsay Davenport, Jennifer Capriati, Venus Williams, Serena Williams
2. Germany 2 411 Steffi Graf, Angelique Kerber
3. Switzerland 1 209 Martina Hingis
4. / Yugoslavia, Serbia 3 143 Monica Seles*, Ana Ivanovic, Jelena Janković
5. Belgium 2 137 Kim Clijsters, Justine Henin
6. Denmark 1 71 Caroline Wozniacki
7. Belarus 1 51 Victoria Azarenka
8. Russia 2 47 Maria Sharapova, Dinara Safina
9. France 1 39 Amélie Mauresmo
10. Romania 1 25 Simona Halep
11. Spain 2 16 Arantxa Sánchez Vicario, Garbiñe Muguruza
12. Czech Republic 1 8 Karolína Plíšková
13. Australia 1 2 Evonne Goolagong Cawley
as of April 23, 2018[update] - current No. 1 player in bold
* Note that Monica Seles is included twice due to change of citizenship.
Year-end No. 1 players[edit]
The source for this through to 2012 is the 2012 WTA Tour Official Guide, page 178.[1]
Per player[edit]
Country
Player
Fq.
GER Steffi Graf 8
USA Martina Navratilova 7
USA Chris Evert 5
USA Serena Williams
USA Lindsay Davenport 4
/ YUG/ USA Monica Seles 3
SUI Martina Hingis
BEL Justine Henin
DEN Caroline Wozniacki 2
SRB Jelena Janković 1
BLR Victoria Azarenka
GER Angelique Kerber
ROU Simona Halep
Per year[edit]
Year
Country
Player
1975 USA (1) Chris Evert
1976 USA Chris Evert (2)
1977 USA Chris Evert (3)
1978 USA (2) Martina Navratilova
1979 USA Martina Navratilova (2)
1980 USA Chris Evert (4)
1981 USA Chris Evert (5)
1982 USA Martina Navratilova (3)
1983 USA Martina Navratilova (4)
1984 USA Martina Navratilova (5)
1985 USA Martina Navratilova (6)
1986 USA Martina Navratilova (7)
1987 GER (3) Steffi Graf
1988 GER Steffi Graf (2)
1989 GER Steffi Graf (3)
1990 GER Steffi Graf (4)
1991 YUG (4) Monica Seles
1992 YUG Monica Seles (2)
1993 GER Steffi Graf (5)
1994 GER Steffi Graf (6)
1995 GER
USA Steffi Graf (7)
Monica Seles (3)
1996 GER Steffi Graf (8)
1997 SUI (5) Martina Hingis
1998 USA (6) Lindsay Davenport
1999 SUI Martina Hingis (2)
2000 SUI Martina Hingis (3)
2001 USA Lindsay Davenport (2)
2002 USA (7) Serena Williams
2003 BEL (8) Justine Henin
2004 USA Lindsay Davenport (3)
2005 USA Lindsay Davenport (4)
2006 BEL Justine Henin (2)
2007 BEL Justine Henin (3)
2008 SRB (9) Jelena Janković
2009 USA Serena Williams (2)
2010 DEN (10) Caroline Wozniacki
2011 DEN Caroline Wozniacki (2)
2012 BLR (11) Victoria Azarenka[7]
2013 USA Serena Williams (3)
2014 USA Serena Williams (4)
2015 USA Serena Williams (5)
2016 GER (12) Angelique Kerber[8]
2017 ROU (13) Simona Halep
No. 1 every week of the year
Players who were ranked world No. 1 without having won a Grand Slam tournament[edit]
Player
Date of first No. 1 position
First Grand Slam final reached
First Grand Slam title
Kim Clijsters August 11, 2003 2001 French Open (June 2001) (1st of 8) 2005 US Open (1st of 4)
Amélie Mauresmo September 13, 2004 1999 Australian Open (January 1999) (1st of 3) 2006 Australian Open (1st of 2)
Jelena Janković August 11, 2008 2008 US Open (September 2008) (only final) none (still active)
Dinara Safina April 20, 2009 2008 French Open (June 2008) (1st of 3) none (retired in 2014)
Caroline Wozniacki October 11, 2010 2009 US Open (September 2009) (1st of 3) 2018 Australian Open (only title, still active)
Karolína Plíšková July 17, 2017 2016 US Open (September 2016) (only final) none (still active)
Simona Halep October 9, 2017 2014 French Open (June 2014) (1st of 3) none (still active)
Doubles[edit]
World No. 1 ranked players[edit]
The source for the following table through the week of January 6, 2012, is the 2012 WTA Tour Official Guide, page 172.[1]
Martina Navratilova was world No. 1 in doubles for a record 237 weeks
New
nr. 1
Country
Player
Start date
End date
Weeks
series
total
1 USA Martina Navratilova (1) September 4, 1984 Mar 17, 1985 27 27
2 USA Pam Shriver (1) Mar 18, 1985 Jan 19, 1986 44 44
USA Martina Navratilova (2) Jan 20, 1986 Jul 20, 1986 26 53
USA Pam Shriver (2) Jul 21, 1986 Aug 17, 1986 4 48
USA Martina Navratilova (3) Aug 18, 1986 Feb 4, 1990 181 ↑ 234
3 TCH Helena Suková (1) Feb 5, 1990 Feb 18, 1990 2 2
USA Martina Navratilova (4) Feb 19, 1990 Mar 4, 1990 2 236
TCH Helena Suková (2) Mar 5, 1990 May 6, 1990 9 11
USA Martina Navratilova (5) May 7, 1990 May 13, 1990 1 237 ↑
TCH Helena Suková (3) May 14, 1990 Aug 26, 1990 15 26
4 TCH Jana Novotná (1) Aug 27, 1990 Oct 14, 1990 7 7
TCH Helena Suková (4) Oct 15, 1990 Feb 17, 1991 18 44
TCH Jana Novotná (2) Feb 18, 1991 March 3, 1991 2 9
5 USA Gigi Fernández (1) March 4, 1991 March 10, 1991 1 1
TCH Jana Novotná (3) March 11, 1991 March 31, 1991 3 12
USA Gigi Fernández (2) Apr 1, 1991 Apr 7, 1991 1 2
TCH Helena Suková (5) Apr 8, 1991 Jun 9, 1991 9 53
USA Gigi Fernández (3) Jun 10, 1991 Sept 8, 1991 13 15
CZE Jana Novotná (4) Sept 9, 1991 Oct 6, 1991 4 16
6 URS Natasha Zvereva (1) Oct 7, 1991 Oct 13, 1991 1 1
CZE Jana Novotná (5) Oct 14, 1991 Jan 26, 1992 15 31
7 LAT Larisa Neiland (1) Jan 27, 1992 Feb 2, 1992 1 1
CZE Jana Novotná (6) Feb 3, 1992 Feb 16, 1992 2 33
LAT Larisa Neiland (2) Feb 17, 1992 Feb 23, 1992 1 2
CZE Jana Novotná (7) Feb 24, 1992 Mar 22, 1992 4 37
LAT Larisa Neiland (3) Mar 23, 1992 Apr 5, 1992 2 4
CZE Jana Novotná (8) Apr 6, 1992 Jun 14, 1992 11 48
BLR Natasha Zvereva (2) Jun 15, 1992 Jun 21, 1992 1 2
CZE Jana Novotná (9) Jun 22, 1992 Oct 11, 1992 15 63
BLR Natasha Zvereva (3) Oct 12, 1992 Oct 18, 1992 1 3
8 ESP Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (1) Oct 19, 1992 Nov 15, 1992 4 4
BLR Natasha Zvereva (4) Nov 16, 1992 Nov 22, 1992 1 4
CZE Helena Suková (6) Nov 23, 1992 Jan 10, 1993 7 60
BLR Natasha Zvereva (5) Jan 11, 1993 Apr 4, 1993 12 16
USA Gigi Fernández (4) Apr 5, 1993 Sep 12, 1993 23 38
CZE Helena Suková (7) Sep 13, 1993 Oct 31, 1993 7 67
USA Gigi Fernández (5) Nov 1, 1993 Nov 14, 1993 2 40
CZE Helena Suková (8) Nov 15, 1993 Nov 21, 1993 1 68
USA Gigi Fernández (6) Nov 22, 1993 Aug 14, 1994 38 78
BLR Natasha Zvereva (6) Aug 15, 1994 Feb 12, 1995 26 42
ESP Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (2) Feb 13, 1995 Feb 26, 1995 2 6
BLR Natasha Zvereva (7) Feb 27, 1995 Mar 5, 1995 1 43
USA Gigi Fernández (7) Mar 6, 1995 Mar 12, 1995 1 79
BLR Natasha Zvereva (8) Mar 13, 1995 Mar 26, 1995 2 45
ESP Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (3) Mar 27, 1995 Nov 5, 1995 32 38
USA Gigi Fernández (8) Nov 6, 1995 Nov 12, 1995 1 80
ESP Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (4) Nov 13, 1995 Apr 6, 1997 73 111
BLR Natasha Zvereva (9) Apr 7, 1997 Oct 19, 1997 29 74
9 USA Lindsay Davenport (1) Oct 20, 1997 Nov 2, 1997 2 2
BLR Natasha Zvereva (10) Nov 3, 1997 Jan 25, 1998 12 86
USA Lindsay Davenport (2) Jan 26, 1998 Apr 12, 1998 11 13
BLR Natasha Zvereva (11) Apr 13, 1998 Jun 7, 1998 8 94
10 SUI Martina Hingis (1) Jun 8, 1998 Aug 2, 1998 8 8
CZE Jana Novotná (10) Aug 3, 1998 Aug 9, 1998 1 64
USA Lindsay Davenport (3) Aug 10, 1998 Aug 16, 1998 1 14
SUI Martina Hingis (2) Aug 17, 1998 Oct 25, 1998 10 18
BLR Natasha Zvereva (12) Oct 26, 1998 Nov 1, 1998 1 95
SUI Martina Hingis (3) Nov 2, 1998 Nov 22, 1998 3 21
BLR Natasha Zvereva (13) Nov 23,1998 May 16, 1999 25 120
CZE Jana Novotná (11) May 17, 1999 Jun 6, 1999 3 67
SUI Martina Hingis (4) Jun 7, 1999 Jul 4, 1999 4 25
BLR Natasha Zvereva (14) Jul 5, 1999 Aug 1, 1999 4 124
SUI Martina Hingis (5) Aug 2, 1999 Aug 22, 1999 3 28
USA Lindsay Davenport (4) Aug 23, 1999 Nov 21, 1999 13 27
11 RUS Anna Kournikova (1) Nov 22, 1999 Jan 30, 2000 10 10
SUI Martina Hingis (6) Jan 31, 2000 Mar 19, 2000 7 35
USA Lindsay Davenport (5) Mar 20, 2000 Apr 2, 2000 2 29
12 USA Corina Morariu (1) Apr 3, 2000 Apr 16, 2000 2 2
USA Lindsay Davenport (6) Apr 17, 2000 May 7, 2000 3 32
USA Corina Morariu (2) May 8, 2000 Jun 11, 2000 5 7
13 USA Lisa Raymond (1) Jun 12, 2000 Aug 20, 2000 10 10

14 USA
AUS Lisa Raymond (1)
Rennae Stubbs (1) Aug 21, 2000 Sep 10, 2000 3 13
3
15 FRA Julie Halard-Decugis (1) Sep 11, 2000 Oct 22, 2000 6 6
16 JPN Ai Sugiyama (1) Oct 23, 2000 Oct 29, 2000 1 1
FRA Julie Halard-Decugis (2) Oct 30, 2000 Dec 24, 2000 8 14
JPN Ai Sugiyama (2) Dec 25, 2000 Aug 26, 2001 35 36
USA Lisa Raymond (2) Aug 27, 2001 Sep 8, 2002 54 67
17 ARG Paola Suárez (1) Sep 9, 2002 Aug 3, 2003 47 47
18 BEL Kim Clijsters (1) Aug 4, 2003 Aug 10, 2003 1 1
JPN Ai Sugiyama (3) Aug 11, 2003 Aug 17, 2003 1 37
BEL Kim Clijsters (2) Aug 18, 2003 Sep 7, 2003 3 4
19 ESP Virginia Ruano Pascual (1) Sep 8, 2003 Sep 14, 2003 1 1
JPN Ai Sugiyama (4) Sep 15, 2003 Nov 9, 2003 8 45
ARG Paola Suárez (2) Nov 10, 2003 Jul 25, 2004 37 84
ESP Virginia Ruano Pascual (2) Jul 26, 2004 Aug 1, 2004 1 2
ESP
ARG Virginia Ruano Pascual (2)
Paola Suárez (3) Aug 2, 2004 Aug 22, 2004 3 5
87
ESP Virginia Ruano Pascual (2) Aug 23, 2004 Oct 16, 2005 60 65
20 ZIM Cara Black (1) Oct 17, 2005 Feb 5, 2006 16 16
21 AUS Samantha Stosur (1) Feb 6, 2006 Jul 6, 2006 22 22
USA
AUS Lisa Raymond (3)
Samantha Stosur (1) Jul 7, 2006 Apr 8, 2007 39 106
61
USA Lisa Raymond (3) Apr 9, 2007 Jun 10, 2007 9 115
ZIM Cara Black (2) Jun 11, 2007 Jun 24, 2007 2 18
USA Lisa Raymond (4) Jun 25, 2007 Jul 8, 2007 2 117
ZIM Cara Black (3) Jul 9, 2007 Nov 11, 2007 18 36

22 ZIM
USA Cara Black (3)
Liezel Huber (1) Nov 12, 2007 April 18, 2010 127 163
127
USA Liezel Huber (1) April 19, 2010 June 6, 2010 7 134
23
24 USA
USA Serena Williams (1)
Venus Williams (1) June 7, 2010 August 1, 2010 8 8
8
USA Liezel Huber (2) August 2, 2010 October 31, 2010 13 147
25 ARG Gisela Dulko (1) November 1, 2010 February 27, 2011 17 17

26 ARG
ITA Gisela Dulko (1)
Flavia Pennetta (1) February 28, 2011 April 17, 2011 7 24
7
ITA Flavia Pennetta (1) April 18, 2011 July 4, 2011 11 18
27
28 CZE
SLO Květa Peschke (1)
Katarina Srebotnik (1) July 4, 2011 September 11, 2011 10 10
10
USA Liezel Huber (3) September 12, 2011 April 22, 2012 32 179
USA
USA Liezel Huber (3)
Lisa Raymond (5) April 23, 2012 September 9, 2012 20 199
137
29 ITA Sara Errani (1) September 10, 2012 October 14, 2012 5 5
30 ITA Roberta Vinci (1) October 15, 2012 April 28, 2013 28 28
ITA
ITA Roberta Vinci (1)
Sara Errani (2) April 29, 2013 February 16, 2014 42 70
47
31 CHN Peng Shuai (1) February 17, 2014 May 11, 2014 12 12

32 CHN
TPE Peng Shuai (1)
Hsieh Su-wei (1) May 12, 2014 May 18, 2014 1 13
1
CHN Peng Shuai (1) May 19, 2014 June 8, 2014 3 16
CHN
TPE Peng Shuai (1)
Hsieh Su-wei (2) June 9, 2014 July 6, 2014 4 20
5
ITA
ITA Roberta Vinci (2)
Sara Errani (3) July 7, 2014 April 12, 2015 40 110
87
33 IND Sania Mirza (1) April 13, 2015 January 17, 2016 40 40
IND
SUI Sania Mirza (1)
Martina Hingis (7) January 18, 2016 August 21, 2016 31 71
66
IND Sania Mirza (1) August 22, 2016 January 8, 2017 20 91
34 USA Bethanie Mattek-Sands (1) January 9, 2017 August 20, 2017 32 32
35 CZE Lucie Šafářová (1) August 21, 2017 October 1, 2017 6 6
SUI Martina Hingis (8) October 2, 2017 October 22, 2017 3 69

36 SUI
TPE Martina Hingis (8)
Latisha Chan (1) October 23, 2017 March 18, 2018 21 90
21
TPE Latisha Chan (1) March 19, 2018 Present 6 27
Key
↑ Open-era record
Current No. 1 player(s) as of April 23, 2018[update]
Weeks at No. 1[edit]
Total[edit]
Rank
Nat.
Player
weeks
1. Martina Navratilova 237
2. Liezel Huber 199
3. Cara Black 163
4. Lisa Raymond 137
5. Natasha Zvereva 124
6. Arantxa Sánchez Vicario 111
7. Roberta Vinci 110
8. Sania Mirza 91
9. Martina Hingis 90
10. Sara Errani 87
Paola Suárez
12. Gigi Fernández 80
13. Helena Suková 68
14. Jana Novotná 67
15. Virginia Ruano Pascual 65
16. Samantha Stosur 61
17. Pam Shriver 48
18. Ai Sugiyama 45
19. Lindsay Davenport 32
Bethanie Mattek-Sands
21. Latisha Chan 27
22. Gisela Dulko 24
23. Peng Shuai 20
24. Flavia Pennetta 18
25. Julie Halard-Decugis 14
26. Anna Kournikova 10
Květa Peschke
Katarina Srebotnik
29. Serena Williams 8
Venus Williams
31. Corina Morariu 7
32. Lucie Šafářová 6
33. Hsieh Su-wei 5
34. Kim Clijsters 4
Larisa Neiland
36. Rennae Stubbs 3
active players - current No. 1(s) in bold
Consecutive[edit]
Rank
Nat.
Player
weeks
1. Martina Navratilova 181
2. Cara Black 145
3. Liezel Huber 134
4. Sania Mirza 91
5. Arantxa Sánchez Vicario 73
6 Roberta Vinci 70
7. Virginia Ruano Pascual 64
8. Samantha Stosur 61
9. Lisa Raymond 54
10. Liezel Huber (2) 52
11. Lisa Raymond (2) 48
12. Paola Suárez 47
13. Pam Shriver 44
14. Sara Errani 42
15. Roberta Vinci (2) 40
Sara Errani (2)
17. Gigi Fernández 38
18. Paola Suárez (2) 37
19. Ai Sugiyama 35
20. Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (2) 32
Bethanie Mattek-Sands
current streak in bold
as of April 23, 2018[update][5][6]
Weeks at number 1 by country[edit]
Rank
Country
Number of
Players
players
weeks
1. United States 10 788 Martina Navratilova, Pam Shriver, Gigi Fernández, Lindsay Davenport, Corina Morariu, Lisa Raymond, Liezel Huber, Venus Williams, Serena Williams, Bethanie Mattek-Sands
2. Italy 3 215 Flavia Pennetta, Sara Errani, Roberta Vinci
3. Spain 2 176 Arantxa Sánchez Vicario, Virginia Ruano Pascual
4. Zimbabwe 1 163 Cara Black
5. Czechoslovakia
Czech Republic 4 151 Helena Suková, Jana Novotná, Květa Peschke, Lucie Šafářová
6. Belarus 1 123 Natasha Zvereva*
7. Argentina 2 111 Paola Suárez, Gisela Dulko
8. India 1 91 Sania Mirza
9. Switzerland 1 90 Martina Hingis
10. Australia 2 64 Rennae Stubbs, Samantha Stosur
11. Japan 1 45 Ai Sugiyama
12. Chinese Taipei 2 32 Hsieh Su-wei, Latisha Chan
13. China 1 20 Peng Shuai
14. France 1 14 Julie Halard-Decugis
15. Russia 1 10 Anna Kournikova
Slovenia 1 Katarina Srebotnik
17. Latvia 1 4 Larisa Neiland
Belgium 1 Kim Clijsters
19. Soviet Union 1 1 Natasha Zvereva*
as of April 23, 2018[update] - current No. 1 player(s) in bold
* Belarusian Natasha Zvereva spent one week at number 1 while playing for the Soviet Union
Year-end No. 1 players[edit]
Per player[edit]
Country
Player
Fq.
USA Martina Navratilova 5
ZIM Cara Black 4
USA Liezel Huber
BLR Natasha Zvereva 3
ITA Roberta Vinci
CZE Helena Suková 2
ESP Arantxa Sánchez Vicario
ARG Paola Suárez
USA Lisa Raymond
ITA Sara Errani
IND Sania Mirza
USA Pam Shriver 1
TCH Jana Novotná
USA Gigi Fernández
RUS Anna Kournikova
JPN Ai Sugiyama
ESP Virginia Ruano Pascual
AUS Samantha Stosur
ARG Gisela Dulko
TPE Latisha Chan
SUI Martina Hingis
Per year[edit]
Year
Country
Player
Team
1984 USA Martina Navratilova (1) Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver
1985 USA Pam Shriver (2) Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver
1986 USA Martina Navratilova Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver
1987 USA Martina Navratilova Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver
1988 USA Martina Navratilova Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver
1989 USA Martina Navratilova Helena Suková / Jana Novotná
1990 TCH Helena Suková (3) Helena Suková / Jana Novotná
1991 TCH Jana Novotná (4) Gigi Fernández / Jana Novotná
1992 CZE Helena Suková Larisa Neiland / Natasha Zvereva
1993 USA Gigi Fernández (5) Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva
1994 BLR Natasha Zvereva (6) Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva
1995 ESP Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (7) Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva
1996 ESP Arantxa Sánchez Vicario Jana Novotná / Arantxa Sánchez Vicario
1997 BLR Natasha Zvereva Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva
1998 BLR Natasha Zvereva Martina Hingis / Jana Novotná
1999 RUS Anna Kournikova (8) Martina Hingis / Anna Kournikova
2000 JPN Ai Sugiyama (9) Serena Williams / Venus Williams
2001 USA Lisa Raymond (10) Lisa Raymond / Rennae Stubbs
2002 ARG Paola Suárez (11) Virginia Ruano Pascual / Paola Suárez
2003 ARG Paola Suárez Virginia Ruano Pascual / Paola Suárez
2004 ESP Virginia Ruano Pascual (12) Virginia Ruano Pascual / Paola Suárez
2005 ZIM Cara Black (13) Lisa Raymond / Samantha Stosur
2006 USA
AUS Lisa Raymond
Samantha Stosur (14) Lisa Raymond / Samantha Stosur
2007 ZIM
USA Cara Black
Liezel Huber (15) Cara Black / Liezel Huber
2008 ZIM
USA Cara Black
Liezel Huber Cara Black / Liezel Huber
2009 ZIM
USA Cara Black
Liezel Huber Cara Black / Liezel Huber
2010 ARG Gisela Dulko (16) Gisela Dulko / Flavia Pennetta
2011 USA Liezel Huber Květa Peschke / Katarina Srebotnik
2012 ITA Roberta Vinci (17) Sara Errani / Roberta Vinci
2013 ITA Roberta Vinci Sara Errani / Roberta Vinci
ITA Sara Errani (18)
2014 ITA
ITA Roberta Vinci
Sara Errani Sara Errani / Roberta Vinci
2015 IND Sania Mirza (19) Martina Hingis / Sania Mirza
2016 IND Sania Mirza Caroline Garcia / Kristina Mladenovic
2017 TPE
SUI Latisha Chan (20)
Martina Hingis (21) Latisha Chan / Martina Hingis
No. 1 every week of the year
Players who were ranked world No. 1 without having won a Grand Slam tournament[edit]
Player
Date of first No. 1 position
First Grand Slam final reached
First Grand Slam title
Gisela Dulko November 1, 2010 2011 Australian Open (January 2011) 2011 Australian Open (only title)
Sania Mirza April 13, 2015 2011 French Open (June 2011) 2015 Wimbledon (1st of 3)
See also[edit]
World number one women tennis players (includes rankings before 1975)
List of WTA players who were ranked number 5 or higher but never number 1
Current WTA Rankings
List of highest ranked tennis players per nation
List of ATP number 1 ranked singles tennis players
List of ATP number 1 ranked doubles tennis players
Notes[edit]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d "2012 WTA Media Guide" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-15.
Jump up ^ "WTA Singles Rankings". Archived from the original on 8 February 2014. Retrieved 2 March 2014.
Jump up ^ "Garbine Muguruza joins Rafael Nadal as World No 1". The Indian Express. 2017-09-11. Retrieved 2017-09-26.
Jump up ^ "Seles is back in the limelight". The Irish Times. 26 June 1996. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "WTA Press Center - Weeks at No. 1". Archived from the original on 2012-11-03.
^ Jump up to: a b "WTA Notes & Netcords". Archived from the original on 2012-01-17.
Jump up ^ "Azarenka Makes SFs, Clinches Year-End No. 1". wtatennis.com. WTA Tour, Inc. Retrieved 2012-10-26.
Jump up ^ "Inside Serena's WTA Finals Withdrawal Announcement". wtatennis.com. WTA Tour, Inc. Retrieved 2016-10-17.
[show]
v
t
e
Women's Tennis Association (WTA) world No. 1 singles players
Chris Evert (1975/1985 – 260 w)
Evonne Goolagong (1976 – 2 w)
Martina Navratilova (1978/1987 – 331 w)
Tracy Austin (1980 – 22 w)
Steffi Graf (1987/1997 – 377 w)
/ / Monica Seles (1991/1996 – 178 w)
Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (1995 – 12 w)
Martina Hingis (1997/2001 – 209 w)
Lindsay Davenport (1998/2006 – 98 w)
Jennifer Capriati (2001/2002 – 17 w)
Venus Williams (2002 – 11 w)
Serena Williams (2002/2017 – 319 w)
Kim Clijsters (2003/2011 – 20 w)
Justine Henin (2003/2008 – 117 w)
Amélie Mauresmo (2004/2006 – 39 w)
Maria Sharapova (2005/2012 – 21 w)
Ana Ivanovic (2008 – 12 w)
Jelena Janković (2008/2009 – 18 w)
Dinara Safina (2009 – 26 w)
Caroline Wozniacki (2010/2018 – 71 w)
Victoria Azarenka (2012/2013 – 51 w)
Angelique Kerber (2016/2017 – 34 w)
Karolína Plíšková (2017 – 8 w)
Garbiñe Muguruza (2017 – 4 w)
Simona Halep (2017/2018 – 25 w)
WTA rankings incepted on November 3, 1975
(year first held/year last held – number of weeks (w))
current No. 1 in bold, as of week of April 16, 2018[update]
[show]
v
t
e
Women's Tennis Association (WTA) world No. 1 doubles players
Martina Navratilova (1984/1990 – 237 w)
Pam Shriver (1985/1986 – 48 w)
Helena Suková (1990/1993 – 68 w)
Jana Novotná (1990/1999 – 67 w)
Gigi Fernández (1991/1995 – 80 w)
Natasha Zvereva (1991/1999 – 124 w)
Larisa Neiland (1992 – 4 w)
Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (1992/1997 – 111 w)
Lindsay Davenport (1997/2000 – 32 w)
Martina Hingis (1998/2018 – 90 w)
Anna Kournikova (1999/2000 – 10 w)
Corina Morariu (2000 – 7 w)
Lisa Raymond (2000/2012 – 137 w)
Rennae Stubbs (2000 – 3 w)
Julie Halard-Decugis (2000 – 14 w)
Ai Sugiyama (2000/2003 – 45 w)
Paola Suárez (2002/2004 – 87 w)
Kim Clijsters (2003 – 4 w)
Virginia Ruano Pascual (2003/2005 – 65 w)
Cara Black (2005/2010 – 163 w)
Samantha Stosur (2006/2007 – 61 w)
Liezel Huber (2007/2012 – 199 w)
Serena Williams (2010 – 8 w)
Venus Williams (2010 – 8 w)
Gisela Dulko (2010/2011 – 24 w)
Flavia Pennetta (2011 – 18 w)
Květa Peschke (2011 – 10 w)
Katarina Srebotnik (2011 – 10 w)
Sara Errani (2012/2015 – 87 w)
Roberta Vinci (2012/2015 – 110 w)
Peng Shuai (2014 – 20 w)
Hsieh Su-wei (2014 – 5 w)
Sania Mirza (2015/2017 – 91 w)
Bethanie Mattek-Sands (2017 – 32 w)
Lucie Šafářová (2017 – 6 w)
Latisha Chan (2017/2018 – 26 w)
WTA rankings incepted on September 4, 1984
(year first held/year last held – number of weeks (w))
current No. 1 in bold, as of week of April 16, 2018[update]
[show]
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Singles
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Misc.
ATP Tour
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Elite champions
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Select players
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Select players
Other
Notable rivalries
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Match duration
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_WTA_number_1_ranked_tennis_players&oldid=837771997"
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West Highland White Terrier
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
West Highland White Terrier
Other names
Poltalloch Terrier
Roseneath Terrier
White Roseneath Terrier
Common nicknames
Westie (or Westy)
Origin
Scotland
[hide]Traits
Weight
6.8–9.1 kg (15–20 lb)
Height
25–28 cm (9.8–11.0 in)
Coat
Double
Color
White
Litter size
Three to five
Life span
12 to 17 years
[hide]Classification / standards
FCI
Group 3, Section 2 Small Terriers #085 standard
AKC
Terrier standard
ANKC
Group 2 (terriers) standard
CKC
Group 4 – terriers standard
KC (UK)
Terrier standard
NZKC
Terrier standard
UKC
Terriers standard
Domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris)
The West Highland White Terrier, commonly known as the Westie, is a breed of dog from Scotland with a distinctive white harsh coat with a somewhat soft white undercoat. It is a medium-sized terrier, although with longer legs than other Scottish breeds of terrier. It has a white double coat of fur which fills out the dog's face, giving it a rounded appearance.
The breed is intelligent and quick to learn and can be good with children, but does not always tolerate rough handling. The Westie is an active and intelligent breed, and is social with a high prey drive, as they were once used to hunt rodents.
The modern breed is descended from a number of breeding programs of white terriers in Scotland before the 20th century. Cousin to the Cairn Terrier, the Westie was bred to hunt small rodents at places such as farms. Edward Donald Malcolm, 16th Laird of Poltalloch, is credited with the creation of the modern breed from his Poltalloch Terrier, but did not want to be known as such.
Other related breeds included George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll's Roseneath Terrier and Dr Americ Edwin Flaxman's Pittenweem Terriers. This breed of small white Scottish terriers was given its modern name for the first time in 1908, with recognition by major kennel clubs occurring around the same time.
The breed remains very popular in the UK, with multiple winner at Cruft's. It is in the top third of all breeds in the US since the 1960s. It has been featured in television and film, including in Hamish Macbeth, and in advertising by companies such as Cesar dog food and Scotch whisky Black & White.
Several breed-specific and nonspecific health issues appear in the breed, including a condition in young dogs nicknamed "westie jaw" which causes an overgrowth of bone in the jaw of the dog. It can also be prone to skin disorders, with a breed-specific condition called hyperplastic dermatosis occurring. They are very energetic and need plenty of exercise.
Contents
[hide]
1 Appearance
2 Temperament
3 Health
4 History
5 In popular culture
5.1 In public life
5.2 In branding
5.3 In film
5.4 In television
6 References
6.1 Notes
6.2 Bibliography
7 External links
Appearance[edit]
Westies have dense, thick undercoat and a rough outer coat
Commonly, Westies have bright, deep-set, almond-shaped eyes that are dark in colour. Their ears are pointed and erect.[1] Members of the breed typically weigh between 15 and 20 pounds (6.8 and 9.1 kg), and the average height is between 10–11 inches (25–28 cm) at the withers.[1] The body should be shorter than the height of the dog at the shoulder.[1]
They also have a deep chest, muscular limbs, a black nose, and a short, closely fitted jaw with "scissors" bite (lower canines locked in front of upper canines, upper incisors locked over lower incisors).[2] The Westie's paws are slightly turned out to give it better grip than flat-footed breeds when it climbs on rocky surfaces.[3] In young puppies, the nose and footpads have pink markings, which slowly turn black as they age.[2] Westies also have short and sturdy tails. Some sources suggest that due to their history as rodent catchers, their tails were bred to be thick so that a Westie trapped in a hole could be easily pulled out by the tail.[4]
They have a soft, dense, thick undercoat and a rough outer coat,[1] which can grow to about 2 inches (5.1 cm) long.[2] The fur fills out the face to give a rounded appearance.[1] As puppies develop into adults, their coarse outer coat is normally removed by either "hand-stripping", especially for dog-showing, or otherwise clipping.[1]
Temperament[edit]
A Westie
The temperament of the West Highland White Terrier can vary greatly, with some being friendly towards children, whilst others prefer solitude.[5] It will not tolerate rough handling such as a child pulling on its ears, and can be both food- and toy-possessive.[6] It is normally independent, assured, and self-confident, and can make a good watchdog. It is a loyal breed that bonds with its owner, but is often always on the move, requiring good exercise (15–30 min). The Westie is highly social and is the most friendly and jolly of all the Scottish breeds of terriers.[7]
It is a hardy breed, and can be stubborn, leading to issues with training. A Westie may need to have its training refreshed on occasion during its lifetime. Having a typical terrier prey drive, it tends to be highly interested in toys, especially chasing balls. It does retain the instincts of an earth-dog, including inquisitive and investigative traits,[7] as well as natural instincts to both bark and dig holes.[6] It is ranked 47th in Stanley Coren's The Intelligence of Dogs.[8]
Health[edit]
Two Westie puppies
The American breed club puts the lifespan of the Westie at 12 to 16 years.[9] A club survey puts the average lifespan at 11.4 years.[10] Veterinary clinic data from the UK show a typical lifespan of 10.5 to 15 years.[11] The French Kennel Club database gives 8 to 16 years, with a median of 13 years.[12] The typical litter size is between three and five puppies.[2]
The breed is predisposed to conditions found in many breeds, such as abdominal hernias.[13] Westie puppies may be affected by craniomandibular osteopathy, a disease also known as "lion jaw", and is sometimes also referred to as "westie jaw". The disease is an autosomal recessive condition, so a puppy can only be affected by it if both its parents are carriers of the faulty gene. The condition appears across many breeds, including several different types of terriers, as well as other unrelated breeds such as the Great Dane. It typically appears in dogs under a year old, and can cause problems for the dog to chew or swallow food. Radiographic testing can be conducted to diagnose the condition, in which the bones around the jaw thicken; additionally, the blood may show increased calcium levels and enzyme levels. The condition often stops progressing by the time the dog is a year old, and in some cases can recede. It is normally treated with anti-inflammatory medications, and the feeding of soft foods. In some cases, tube feeding may be necessary. However, if the animal still cannot eat and is in uncontrolled pain, then euthanasia may be the only medical option remaining.[14]
The breed is prone to skin disorders.[2] About a quarter of Westies surveyed are affected by atopic dermatitis, a heritable chronic allergic skin condition. A higher proportion of males are affected compared to females.[15] An uncommon but severe breed-specific skin condition, hyperplastic dermatosis, may affect West Highland White Terriers, both juveniles and adults dogs. Affected dogs can suffer from red hyperpigmentation, lichenification, and hair loss. In the initial stages, this condition can be misdiagnosed as allergies or less serious forms of dermatitis.[16]
An inherited genetic problem that exists in the breed is globoid cell leukodystrophy. It is not breed-specific, and can appear in Cairn Terriers and other breeds including Beagles and Pomeranians. It is a neurological disease where the dog lacks an enzyme called galactosylceramidase. The symptoms are noticeable as the puppy develops, and can be identified by the age of 30 weeks. Affected dogs have tremors, muscle weakness, and trouble walking. Symptoms slowly increase until limb paralysis begins to occur. Due to it being a hereditary condition, owners should avoid breeding affected animals to eliminate it from the breed.[17] Another genetic condition that affects the breed is "white dog shaker syndrome". As this condition is most commonly found in Westies and Maltese, the condition was originally thought to be connected to the genes for white coats, but the same condition has since been found in other nonwhite breeds including the Yorkshire Terrier and the Dachshund. The condition typically develops over one to three days, resulting in tremors of the head and limbs, ataxia, and hypermetria. Affected males and females can be affected for different lengths of time, with symptoms in females lasting between four and six weeks, while males can be affected the rest of their lives.[18]
Other less common conditions which appear in the breed include hydroxyglutaric aciduria, which is where elevated levels of Alpha-Hydroxyglutaric acid are in the dog's urine, blood plasma, and spinal fluid. It can cause seizures, muscle stiffness, and ataxia, but is more commonly found in Staffordshire Bull Terriers.[19] A degeneration of the hip joint, known as Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome, also occurs in the breed.[20] However, the chances of this condition occurring are much higher in some other breeds, such as the Australian Shepherd and the Miniature Pincher.[21] The breed is also one of the least likely to be affected by a luxating patella, where the knee cap slips out of place.[22]
History[edit]
Three Pittenweem Terriers, photographed in 1899
Scottish white terriers were recorded as early as during the reign of James VI of Scotland, who reigned between 1567 and 1625. The king ordered that a dozen terriers be procured from Argyll to be presented to the Kingdom of France as a gift.[3] Sandy- and brindle-coloured dogs were seen as hardier than those of other colours, and white dogs were seen as being weak.[23] At various times during the breed's existence, it has been considered a white offshoot of both the Scottish Terrier and the Cairn Terrier breeds.[24]
Reports of a ship from the Spanish Armada being wrecked on the island of Skye in 1588 indicated the ship carried white Spanish dogs, whose descendants were kept distinct from other breeds by Clan Donald, including the families of the Chiefs.[25] Other families on Skye preserved both white and sandy-coloured dogs. One such family was the Clan MacLeod, and it was reported by their descendants that at least two Chiefs kept white terriers, including "The Wicked Man" Norman MacLeod, and his grandson Norman, who became Chief after his death.[23]
George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll, chief of Clan Campbell, bred a breed of white Scottish terriers known as the "Roseneath Terrier".[26] Another breed of white Scottish terriers also appeared at this point, with Dr. Americ Edwin Flaxman from Fife developing his line of "Pittenweem Terriers" out of a female Scottish Terrier which produced white offspring.[26] The dog seemed to produce these white puppies regardless of the sire to which she was bred, and after drowning over 20 of these offspring, he came upon the theory that it was an ancient trait of the Scottish Terrier that was trying to reappear. He rededicated his breeding program to produce white Scottish Terriers with the aim of restoring it to the same stature as the dark-coloured breed. Flaxman is credited with classes being added to dog shows for white Scottish Terriers towards the end of the 19th century.[27]
A West Highland White Terrier, photographed in 1915
The person most closely associated with developing the modern breed of West Highland White Terrier is Edward Donald Malcolm, 16th Laird of Poltalloch. Malcolm owned terriers used to work game; the story told is that a reddish-brown terrier was mistaken for a fox and shot. Following this, Malcolm decided to develop a white terrier breed, which became known as the "Poltalloch Terrier". The first generation of Poltallochs had sandy-coloured coats, and had already developed prick ears, which is a trait seen later in the modern breed.[26] It is unknown if the Poltalloch Terriers and Pittenweem Terriers were interbred.[26] In 1903, Malcolm declared that he did not want to be known as the creator of the breed and insisted that his breed of white terriers be renamed. The term "West Highland White Terrier" first appears in Otters and Otter Hunting by L.C.R. Cameron, published in 1908.[26][28]
The first breed club was set up in 1904; Niall Campbell, 10th Duke of Argyll, was the society's first president. A second club was subsequently set up, with the Countess of Aberdeen as chairman. Edward Malcolm succeeded the Countess as the club's second chairman. Kennel Club recognition followed in 1907, and the breed appeared at Crufts for the first time in the same year.[26] The Westie was imported into the United States in 1907–1908, when Robert Goelet imported Ch. Kiltie and Ch. Rumpus Glenmohr. Initially, it was also known at the time as the Roseneath Terrier, and the Roseneath Terrier Club was recognised by the American Kennel Club in 1908. The club was renamed during the following year to the West Highland White Terrier Club of America.[24] The breed spent the period that immediately followed as being "in vogue",[29] becoming popular almost immediately upon its arrival in the US.[29] Canadian Kennel Club recognition followed in 1909.[26] Until 1924 in the UK, Westie pedigrees were allowed to have Cairn and Scottish Terriers in them. By the time of Malcolm's death in 1930, a stable type had appeared with prick ears, a white coat, and a short back.[26]
A Westie in a modern show-cut
In major conformation shows, the breed has been equally successful on both sides of the Atlantic. The first member of the breed to win a show championship was Ch. Morvan in 1905, owned by Colin Young. The dog was registered at the time as a Scottish Terrier, and won the title at the Scottish Kennel Club show at the age of seven months. Because the breed was not yet recognised independently, the championship title was not retained when the dog was reregistered as a West Highland White Terrier.[26] The first win at a major show came at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in 1942 when Constance Winant's Ch. Wolvey Pattern of Edgerstoune won the title of Best in Show.[30] The same title was taken by Barbara Worcester's Ch. Elfinbrook Simon in 1962.[31] It took a further 14 years before the breed took its first Best in Show title at Crufts, the UK's major dog show. Ch. Dianthus Buttons, owned by Kath Newstead and Dorothy Taylor, took the title for the breed in 1976.[32] A Westie also won Crufts in 1990 with the Best in Show title going to Derek Tattersall's Ch. Olac Moon Pilot.,[33] and in 2016.(Burneze Geordie Girl)
The popularity of the breed during the early 20th century was such that dogs were being exchanged for hundreds of guineas.[34] As of 2010, the Westie is the third-most popular breed of terrier in the UK, with 5,361 puppies registered with the Kennel Club. However, this is a decrease in numbers since 2001, when it was the most popular terrier breed, with 11,019 new dogs registered.[35] The breed's position in the United States is more stable with it remaining in the top third of all breeds since around 1960.[24] It was ranked 30th-most popular in 2001, based on registrations with the American Kennel Club, which has varied around the 30s in the decade since, with it ranked 34th in 2010.[36]
In popular culture[edit]
West Highland White Terrier in the garden
In public life[edit]
Muhammed Ali Jinnah, founder of Pakistan, was known to own a Westie.[37]
John Green, novelist, co-founder of the VlogBrothers, is known to own a Westie, called Willie (or Fireball Wilson Roberts).[38]
J. K. Rowling, author of the Harry Potter series, has a Westie.
In branding[edit]
Black & White whisky have used both Scottish Terriers and Westies in their advertisements.[39]
The breed is used as the mascot of the "Cesar" brand of dog food.[40]
The Australian dog food manufacturer Mars Incorporated uses the West Highland White Terrier breed as the "face" of their "My Dog" brand. The Westie can be seen on "My Dog" packaging, their website[41] and television[42] and print commercials.
In film[edit]
The film The Adventures of Greyfriars Bobby, released in the UK in February 2006, cast a West Highland White Terrier as Bobby. The appearance of a Westie caused protests from the Skye Terrier breed club, which complained about the filmmaker's use of an incorrect dog breed for the part.[43]
In the film Lethal Weapon 3, Carrie Murtaugh, played by Ebonie Smith, carried a Westie early in the movie when Martin Riggs (played by Mel Gibson) brings his laundry to the Murtaugh home.
In television[edit]
The titular character in the BBC Scotland–produced television series Hamish Macbeth owned a Westie named "Wee Jock".[44] This dog later dies and is replaced by another Westie named Jock.
In the Brazilian television animated series As Aventuras de Gui & Estopa (The Adventures of Gui & Estopa), the main character Gui is the Terrier breed.[45]
In the TV show Jeeves and Wooster, Bertie's Aunt Agatha owns a Westie named MacIntosh.
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Palika, Liz (2007). The Howell Book of Dogs. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. p. 383. ISBN 978-0-470-00921-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Kern, Kerry V (1988). The New Terrier Handbook. New York, NY: Barron's. p. 133. ISBN 978-0-8120-3951-1.
^ Jump up to: a b Bruette (1921): p. 191
Jump up ^ www.mypetreference.com http://www.mypetreference.com/2014/07/09/Westie-All-about-the-breed. Retrieved 17 January 2018. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ "West Highland White Terrier Breed Profile". Your Dog. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Is a Westie right for you?". San Francisco Bay West Highland White Terrier Club. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Rice (2002): p. 6
Jump up ^ Coren, Stanley (2006). The Intelligence of Dogs. London, UK: Pocket Books. p. 124. ISBN 978-1-4165-0287-6.
Jump up ^ "Westie FAQs". West Highland White Terrier Club of America. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "West Highland White Terrier Health Survey Final Report" (PDF). 20 February 2007. West Highland White Terrier Club of America. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
Jump up ^ O’Neill, D. G.; Church, D. B.; McGreevy, P. D.; Thomson, P. C.; Brodbelt, D. C. (2013). "Longevity and mortality of owned dogs in England". The Veterinary Journal. 198: 638–43. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.09.020. PMID 24206631.
Jump up ^ Leroy, G. G.; Phocas, F.; Hedan, B.; Verrier, E.; Rognon, X. (2015). "Inbreeding impact on litter size and survival in selected canine breeds". The Veterinary Journal. 203: 74–78. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.11.008. PMID 25475165. mean=11.89 ± 3.92 median=12.93
Jump up ^ Ackerman (2011): p. 115
Jump up ^ Ackerman (2011): pp. 116–117
Jump up ^ Grayson, J. Kevin. "2007 West Highland White Terrier Health Survey Final Report" (PDF). Westie Foundation of America and the Health Committee of the WHWTCA. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
Jump up ^ Gross, Thelma Lee (2005). Skin diseases of the dog and cat. Ames, IO: Blackwell Science. pp. 146–148. ISBN 978-0-632-06452-6.
Jump up ^ Ackerman (2011): p. 105
Jump up ^ Ackerman (2011): p. 155
Jump up ^ Ackerman (2011): p. 108
Jump up ^ Ackerman (2011): p. 125
Jump up ^ Ackerman (2011): p. 126
Jump up ^ Ackerman (2011): p. 134
^ Jump up to: a b Smith (1921): p. 84
^ Jump up to: a b c Rice (2002): p. 5
Jump up ^ Dalziel, Hugh (1879). British dogs; their varieties, history, characteristics, breeding, management and exhibition. London, UK: The Bazaar Office. p. 350.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Horter, Ria (April 2009). "Col. Edward Donald Malcolm, 16th Laird of Poltalloch, and the West Highland White Terrier" (PDF). Dogs in Canada. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
Jump up ^ Lane, Charles Henry (1902). Dog shows and doggy people. London, UK: Hutchinson. pp. 100–102.
Jump up ^ Cameron, Ludovick Charles Richard Duncombe-Jewell (1908). Otters and otter-hunting. New York, NY: C. Scribner's Sons. p. 43.
^ Jump up to: a b Hochwell, A. F. (1925). Dogs as home companions; a book for all dog lovers. Cincinnati, OH: Sportsman's Digest. pp. 26–29.
Jump up ^ "She Asked For It". Time. 23 February 1942. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "Fads: The Poodle Dethroned". Time. 23 February 1962. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
Jump up ^ Dogworld: Digital Crufts Edition (2010): p. 84
Jump up ^ Dogworld: Digital Crufts Edition (2010): p. 88
Jump up ^ Smith (1921): p. 85
Jump up ^ "Comparative Tables of Registrations for the Years 2001 – 2010 Inclusive" (PDF). The Kennel Club. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 January 2012. Retrieved 26 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "AKC Dog Registration Statistics". American Kennel Club. Retrieved 26 September 2011.
Jump up ^ Wolpert, Stanley Jinnah of Pakistan, Oxford University Press, 1984, ISBN 0-614-21694-X
Jump up ^ Introduction of Willie the puppy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mKgPDp6Y-w&feature=youtu.be
Jump up ^ Barrows, Sydney Biddle; Kennedy, Dan S (2009). Uncensored sales strategies. Irvine, CA: Entrepreneur Press. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-59918-193-6.
Jump up ^ "Cesar Official Website". Cesar.ca. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "MY DOG® Premium Dog Food". Mars Incorporated. Retrieved 12 November 2017.
Jump up ^ MyDog Dog Food 2010 Ad on YouTube
Jump up ^ Cramb, Auslan (7 November 2002). "Casting row dogs the remake of Greyfriar's Bobby". The Daily Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
Jump up ^ Bignell, Jonathan (2005). Popular television drama: critical perspectives. Manchester, UK; New York: Manchester University Press. p. 172. ISBN 978-0-7190-6933-8.
Jump up ^ "Mande a foto do seu "Iguinho"" (in Portuguese). iG São Paulo - Redação. 21 August 2012. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
Bibliography[edit]
Ackerman, Lowell J (2011). Genetic Connection: A Guide to Health Problems in Purebred Dogs (2nd ed.). Lakewood, CO: American Animal Hospital Association Press. ISBN 978-1-58326-157-6.
Bruette, William A (1921). The Complete Dog Book. Cincinnati, OH: Stewart Kidd Co.
"Digital Crufts Edition". Dogworld. The Dog World Ltd. 2010. Archived from the original on 5 Oct 2011.
Rice, Dan (2002). West Highland White Terriers. Hauppauge, NY: Barron's. ISBN 978-0-7641-1899-9.
Smith, Arthur Croxton (1910). The Power of the Dog. London, UK: Hodder and Stoughton.
External links[edit]
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values: 웨스트 하일랜드 화이트 테리어 – Korean

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values: West highland white terrier – Norwegian Nynorsk

values: West Highland White Terrier – Low German

values: West highland white terrier – Portuguese

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values: West Highland White Terrier – Simple English

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