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2018 Pro Bowl
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2018 Pro Bowl
NFC
AFC
23 24
Head coach:
Sean Payton
(New Orleans Saints)
Head coach:
Mike Tomlin
(Pittsburgh Steelers)
1
2
3
4
Total
NFC 7 13 0 3 23
AFC 3 0 14 7 24
Date
January 28, 2018
Stadium
Camping World Stadium, Orlando, Florida
Offensive MVP
Delanie Walker (Tennessee Titans)
Defensive MVP
Von Miller (Denver Broncos)
Referee
Walt Anderson[1]
Attendance
51,019
Ceremonies
National anthem
Jordan Fisher
Coin toss
Derrick Brooks
Warrick Dunn
Jason Taylor
LaDainian Tomlinson
Halftime show
Jordan Fisher
TV in the United States
Network
ESPN/ABC
Announcers
Sean McDonough, Matt Hasselbeck, Lisa Salters and Louis Riddick
Radio in the United States
Network
Westwood One
Announcers
Kevin Kugler (play-by-play)
Steve Tasker (analyst)
Laura Okmin (sideline reporter)
← 2017
Pro Bowl
2019 →
The 2018 Pro Bowl was the National Football League's all-star game for the 2017 season, which was played at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida on January 28, 2018. For the first time since 2008, the game started during afternoon hours instead of primetime hours for U.S. Mainland viewers with a 3:00 PM ET start. It marked the second year the game was played in Orlando. It was televised nationally by ESPN and simulcasted on ABC. The roster was announced on December 19 on NFL Network. The AFC team won the game 24–23, the second straight year the Pro Bowl was won by the AFC.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
1.1 Host selection process
1.2 Side events
2 Game format
2.1 Rule changes
3 Summary
3.1 Box score
4 AFC rosters
4.1 Offense
4.2 Defense
4.3 Special teams
5 NFC rosters
5.1 Offense
5.2 Defense
5.3 Special teams
6 Number of selections per team
7 Broadcasting
8 References
9 External links
Background[edit]
Host selection process[edit]
Under a three-year deal that began in 2017, the Pro Bowl will once again be hosted by Camping World Stadium in Orlando.[2]
Side events[edit]
The Pro Bowl Skills Challenge was held on January 25 at the Walt Disney World Resort and its ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex.
Game format[edit]
Rule changes[edit]
The game format was the same as for 2017, highlighted by:
Forty-four players were assigned to each team, up from 43 in 2016 (a regular game-day active roster has 46).
The two-minute warning that was given in the first and third quarters (in addition to the second and fourth quarters) in previous years was eliminated, and the ball did not change hands after the first and third quarters.
The coin toss determined which team was awarded possession first. There were no kickoffs; the ball was placed on the 25-yard line at the start of each half and after scoring plays.
Defenses were now permitted to play cover two and press coverage. Prior to 2014, only man coverage was allowed, except for goal line situations.
A 38-second/25-second play clock was used instead of the usual 40-second/25-second clock, and up from 35-second/25-second clock in 2016.
Replay reviews will be allowed; previously there was replay in the Pro Bowl only when new equipment tests were being conducted.
There are no intentional grounding rules.
Only defensive ends and tackles may rush on passing plays, but those must be on the same side of the ball. The defense is not permitted to blitz.
All blindside blocks and blocks below the waist are illegal.
A tight end and running back must be in every formation.
No more than two wide receivers on either side of the ball.
Deep middle safety must be aligned inside the hash marks.
Play is stopped the moment a defender wraps his arms around the ball carrier. (This rule only applies to the quarterback in the backfield during regular NFL play.)
Summary[edit]
Box score[edit]
2018 Pro Bowl: American Football Conference vs National Football Conference
1
2
3
4
Total
NFC 7 13 0 3 23
AFC 3 0 14 7 24
at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida
Date: January 28, 2018
Game time: 3:00 p.m. ET
Game weather: 78 °F (26 °C), Rain showers
Game attendance: 51,019
Referee: Walt Anderson
TV announcers (ESPN): Sean McDonough, Matt Hasselbeck, Lisa Salters and Louis Riddick
Recap, Game Book
[show]Game information
First quarter
NFC – Adam Thielen 8-yard pass from Drew Brees (Graham Gano kick), 7:50. NFC 7–0. Drive: 13 plays, 75 yards, 7:10.
AFC – Chris Boswell 41-yard field goal, 0:43. NFC 7–3. Drive: 12 plays, 52 yards, 7:07.
Second quarter
NFC – Graham Gano 43-yard field goal, 12:08. NFC 10–3. Drive: 4 plays, −4 yards, 1:56.
NFC – Harrison Smith 79-yard interception return (Graham Gano kick), 7:18. NFC 17–3.
NFC – Graham Gano 40-yard field goal, 0:00. NFC 20–3. Drive: 11 plays, 58 yards, 1:53.
Third quarter
AFC – Delanie Walker 4-yard pass from Alex Smith (Chris Boswell kick), 11:20. NFC 20–10. Drive: 5 plays, 75 yards, 3:40.
AFC – LeSean McCoy 2-yard run (Chris Boswell kick), 5:36. NFC 20–17. Drive: 5 plays, 53 yards, 3:07.
Fourth quarter
NFC – Graham Gano 38-yard field goal, 14:09. NFC 23–17. Drive: 13 plays, 55 yards, 6:27.
AFC – Delanie Walker 18-yard pass from Derek Carr (Chris Boswell kick), 1:31. AFC 24–23. Drive: 7 plays, 47 yards, 2:13.
Top passers
NFC – Jared Goff – 10/18, 86 yards
AFC – Alex Smith – 7/10, 131 yards, TD, INT
Top rushers
NFC – Mark Ingram – 5 rushes, 21 yards
AFC – LeSean McCoy – 3 rushes, 7 yards, TD
Top receivers
NFC – Kyle Rudolph – 7 receptions, 70 yards
AFC – T. Y. Hilton – 4 receptions, 98 yards
AFC rosters[edit]
The following players were selected to represent the AFC:
Offense[edit]
Position
Starter(s)
Reserve(s)
Alternate(s)
Quarterback 12 Tom Brady, New England[d] 7 Ben Roethlisberger, Pittsburgh
17 Philip Rivers, LA Chargers[b][3] 11 Alex Smith, Kansas City[a][3]
4 Derek Carr, Oakland[a][4]
Running back 26 Le'Veon Bell, Pittsburgh 25 LeSean McCoy, Buffalo
27 Kareem Hunt, Kansas City
Fullback 46 James Develin, New England[d] 45 Roosevelt Nix, Pittsburgh[a][5]
Wide receiver 10 DeAndre Hopkins, Houston[b][6]
84 Antonio Brown, Pittsburgh 13 Keenan Allen, LA Chargers
18 A. J. Green, Cincinnati[b][7] 13 T. Y. Hilton, Indianapolis[a][7]
14 Jarvis Landry, Miami[a][6]
Tight end 87 Travis Kelce, Kansas City[b][8] 87 Rob Gronkowski, New England[d] 82 Delanie Walker, Tennessee[a][8]
84 Jack Doyle, Indianapolis[a][9]
Offensive tackle 77 Taylor Lewan, Tennessee
78 Alejandro Villanueva, Pittsburgh 72 Donald Penn, Oakland[b][10] 76 Russell Okung, LA Chargers[a][10]
Offensive guard 66 David DeCastro, Pittsburgh
70 Kelechi Osemele, Oakland 64 Richie Incognito, Buffalo
Center 53 Maurkice Pouncey, Pittsburgh 61 Rodney Hudson, Oakland
Defense[edit]
Position
Starter(s)
Reserve(s)
Alternate(s)
Defensive end 93 Calais Campbell, Jacksonville[b][11]
99 Joey Bosa, LA Chargers[b][12] 52 Khalil Mack, Oakland[b][13] 54 Melvin Ingram, LA Chargers[a][12]
97 Cameron Heyward, Pittsburgh[a][13]
91 Yannick Ngakoue, Jacksonville[a][11]
Defensive tackle 97 Geno Atkins, Cincinnati
99 Jurrell Casey, Tennessee 97 Malik Jackson, Jacksonville
Outside linebacker 58 Von Miller, Denver
90 Jadeveon Clowney, Houston[b][11] 55 Terrell Suggs, Baltimore 50 Telvin Smith, Jacksonville[a][11]
Inside linebacker 57 C.J. Mosley, Baltimore 50 Ryan Shazier, Pittsburgh[b][14] 53 Joe Schobert, Cleveland[a][14]
Cornerback 20 Jalen Ramsey, Jacksonville
21 A. J. Bouye, Jacksonville 21 Aqib Talib, Denver
26 Casey Hayward, LA Chargers
Free safety 32 Eric Weddle, Baltimore 31 Kevin Byard, Tennessee[a][15]
Strong safety 20 Reshad Jones, Miami 23 Micah Hyde, Buffalo[b][15]
Special teams[edit]
Position
Starter
Alternate(s)
Punter 6 Brett Kern, Tennessee
Placekicker 9 Chris Boswell, Pittsburgh
Return specialist 10 Tyreek Hill, Kansas City
Special teamer 18 Matthew Slater, New England[d] 41 Brynden Trawick, Tennessee[a][15]
Long snapper 46 Clark Harris, Cincinnati[16]
NFC rosters[edit]
The following players were selected to represent the NFC:
Offense[edit]
Position
Starter(s)
Reserve(s)
Alternate(s)
Quarterback 11 Carson Wentz, Philadelphia[b][d] 3 Russell Wilson, Seattle
9 Drew Brees, New Orleans 16 Jared Goff, LA Rams[a][17]
Running back 30 Todd Gurley, LA Rams 22 Mark Ingram, New Orleans
41 Alvin Kamara, New Orleans
Fullback 44 Kyle Juszczyk, San Francisco
Wide receiver 11 Julio Jones, Atlanta[b][18]
19 Adam Thielen, Minnesota 11 Larry Fitzgerald, Arizona[b][19]
13 Michael Thomas, New Orleans 17 Davante Adams, Green Bay[a][18]
89 Doug Baldwin, Seattle[a][19]
Tight end 86 Zach Ertz, Philadelphia[d] 88 Jimmy Graham, Seattle[b][20] 82 Jason Witten, Dallas[a][21]
82 Kyle Rudolph, Minnesota[a][20]
Offensive tackle 71 Trent Williams, Washington[b][22]
77 Tyron Smith, Dallas[b][23] 65 Lane Johnson, Philadelphia[d] 77 Andrew Whitworth, LA Rams[a][22]
74 Joe Staley, San Francisco[a][23]
76 Duane Brown, Seattle[24]
Offensive guard 70 Zack Martin, Dallas[b][25]
79 Brandon Brooks, Philadelphia[d] 75 Brandon Scherff, Washington[b][26] 70 Trai Turner, Carolina[a][25]
76 T. J. Lang, Detroit[a][26]
67 Larry Warford, New Orleans[a][27]
Center 51 Alex Mack, Atlanta 72 Travis Frederick, Dallas
Defense[edit]
Position
Starter(s)
Reserve(s)
Alternate(s)
Defensive end 90 DeMarcus Lawrence, Dallas
97 Everson Griffen, Minnesota[b][28] 94 Cameron Jordan, New Orleans 72 Michael Bennett, Seattle[a][28]
Defensive tackle 91 Fletcher Cox, Philadelphia[d]
99 Aaron Donald, LA Rams[b][29] 93 Gerald McCoy, Tampa Bay 76 Mike Daniels, Green Bay[a][29]
98 Linval Joseph, Minnesota[a][20]
Outside linebacker 55 Chandler Jones, Arizona
91 Ryan Kerrigan, Washington 55 Anthony Barr, Minnesota[b][30] 58 Thomas Davis Sr., Carolina[a][30]
Inside linebacker 59 Luke Kuechly, Carolina[b][31] 54 Bobby Wagner, Seattle[b][32] 45 Deion Jones, Atlanta[a][31]
58 Kwon Alexander, Tampa Bay[a][32]
Cornerback 21 Patrick Peterson, Arizona
29 Xavier Rhodes, Minnesota 23 Marshon Lattimore, New Orleans
23 Darius Slay, Detroit
Free safety 29 Earl Thomas, Seattle
Strong safety 21 Landon Collins, NY Giants[b][20] 27 Malcolm Jenkins, Philadelphia[d] 22 Keanu Neal, Atlanta[a][33]
22 Harrison Smith, Minnesota[a][20]
Special teams[edit]
Position
Starter
Alternate(s)
Punter 6 Johnny Hekker, LA Rams
Placekicker 4 Greg Zuerlein, LA Rams[b] 9 Graham Gano, Carolina[a][25]
Return specialist 10 Pharoh Cooper, LA Rams
Special teamer 36 Budda Baker, Arizona
Long snapper 44 Jake McQuaide, LA Rams[34]
Notes: Players must have accepted their invitations as alternates to be listed; those who declined are not considered Pro Bowlers.
bold player who participated in game
(C) signifies the player has been selected as a captain
a Replacement Player selection due to injury or vacancy
b Injured/suspended player; selected but did not participate
c Replacement starter; selected as reserve
d Selected but did not play because his team advanced to Super Bowl LII (see Pro Bowl "Player Selection" section)
Number of selections per team[edit]
American Football Conference
Team
Selections
Pittsburgh Steelers 10
Jacksonville Jaguars 6
Los Angeles Chargers 6
Tennessee Titans 6
Oakland Raiders 5
New England Patriots 4
Kansas City Chiefs 4
Baltimore Ravens 3
Buffalo Bills 3
Cincinnati Bengals 3
Denver Broncos 2
Houston Texans 2
Indianapolis Colts 2
Miami Dolphins 2
Cleveland Browns 1
New York Jets 0
National Football Conference
Team
Selections
Los Angeles Rams 8
Seattle Seahawks 7
Minnesota Vikings 7
New Orleans Saints 7
Philadelphia Eagles 6
Dallas Cowboys 5
Arizona Cardinals 4
Carolina Panthers 4
Atlanta Falcons 4
Washington Redskins 3
Green Bay Packers 2
Detroit Lions 2
San Francisco 49ers 2
Tampa Bay Buccaneers 2
New York Giants 1
Chicago Bears 0
Broadcasting[edit]
The 2018 Pro Bowl was televised nationally by ABC, ESPN, and ESPN Deportes. The simulcast marked the game's return to broadcast television, as well as its return to ABC for the first time since 2003.[35] To accommodate the return to broadcast television, the game moved from primetime to an afternoon start time to avoid interfering with ABC's Primetime Lineup.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Walt Anderson is the referee for the 2018 Pro Bowl
Jump up ^ "NFL's pro bowl moves to Orlando". Chicago Tribune. Tronc. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Alex Smith added to AFC Pro Bowl roster". ProFootballTalk.NBCSports.com. Retrieved January 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Raiders QB Derek Carr Selected To Third Consecutive Pro Bowl". Raiders.com. January 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ Varley, Teresa (January 22, 2018). "Nix is Pro Bowl bound". Steelers.com.
^ Jump up to: a b "Dolphins receiver Jarvis Landry named to Pro Bowl as alternate". Sun-Sentinel.com. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Walker, Andrew. "T.Y. Hilton Selected To Fourth Straight Pro Bowl". Colts.com. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Delanie Walker in, Travis Kelce out for Pro Bowl". Yahoo.com. Retrieved January 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ Walker, Andrew (January 21, 2018). "Jack Doyle Named To First-Career Pro Bowl". Colts.com.
^ Jump up to: a b Elwood, Hayley (January 22, 2018). "Russell Okung Named to 2018 Pro Bowl". Chargers.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Ngakoue and Smith added to Pro Bowl roster". Jaguars.com. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Chargers OLB Melvin Ingram named to 2018 NFL Pro Bowl". USAToday.com. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Varley, Teresa (January 16, 2018). "Heyward headed to the Pro Bowl". Steelers.com. Retrieved January 16, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Joe Schobert added to AFC Pro Bowl team". ProFootballTalk.NBCSports.com. 2018-01-16. Retrieved January 16, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Titans FS Kevin Byard, ST Brynden Trawick Named to Pro Bowl". TitansOnline.com. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
Jump up ^ Williams, Charean (January 16, 2018). "Bengals long snapper Clark Harris selected for Pro Bowl". ProFootballTalk.NBCSports.com. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ Simmons, Myles (January 22, 2018). "Jared Goff Named to 2018 Pro Bowl". TheRams.com.
^ Jump up to: a b Western, Evan (January 16, 2018). "Packers' Davante Adams added to 2018 Pro Bowl roster". SBNation.
^ Jump up to: a b Williams, Charean (January 4, 2018). "Doug Baldwin replaces Larry Fitzgerald on Pro Bowl roster". ProFootballTalk.NBCSports.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Linval Joseph, Kyle Rudolph, Harrison Smith Named to 2018 Pro Bowl". Vikings.com. January 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ Eatman, Nick (January 22, 2018). "Witten Added to Pro Bowl Roster; Ties Franchise Record With 11 Appearances". DallasCowboys.com.
^ Jump up to: a b Alper, Josh (January 9, 2018). "Andrew Whitworth will go to the Pro Bowl". ProFootballTalk.NBCSports.com.
^ Jump up to: a b "T Joe Staley Named to 2018 Pro Bowl". 49ers.com. January 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ Boyle, John (January 23, 2018). "Seahawks Left Tackle Duane Brown Named To Pro Bowl Roster". Seahawks.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Graham Gano, Trai Turner named to Pro Bowl roster". panthers.com. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Twentyman, Tim (January 19, 2018). "T.J. Lang named to 2018 Pro Bowl". DetroitLions.com.
Jump up ^ Alper, Josh (January 22, 2018). "Larry Warford will join Saints coaches at the Pro Bowl". ProFootballTalk.NBCSports.com.
^ Jump up to: a b Boyle, John (January 22, 2018). "Seahawks Defensive End Michael Bennett Named To 2018 Pro Bowl Roster". Seahawks.com.
^ Jump up to: a b "Packers DT Mike Daniels named to Pro Bowl". packers.com. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Thomas Davis named to Pro Bowl roster". Panthers.com. January 22, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Deion Jones added to Pro Bowl roster". nbcsports.com. Retrieved January 16, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Kwon Alexander Headed to the Pro Bowl!". buccaneers.com. Retrieved January 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ Conway, Kelsey (January 22, 2018). "Falcons' safety Keanu Neal selected to 2018 Pro Bowl roster". AtlantaFalcons.com.
Jump up ^ Klein, Gary (2018-01-17). "Rams snapper Jake McQuaide named to Pro Bowl for second year in a row". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2018-01-17.
Jump up ^ "NFL's Pro Bowl Back on ABC". Broadcasting & Cable. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
External links[edit]
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text:
Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the albums, see Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Andy Williams album), Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Johnny Mathis album), and Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Mel Tormé album).
"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"
From the motion picture
Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid
Single by B. J. Thomas
from the album Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head
B-side
"Never Had It So Good"
Released
October 1969[1]
Length
2:57
Label
Scepter Records
Songwriter(s)
Hal David (credited as Mack David) and Burt Bacharach (later as Luther Dixon)
Producer(s)
Hal David and Burt Bacharach
B. J. Thomas singles chronology
"Pass the Apple Eve"
(1969) "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"
(1969) "Everybody's Out of Town"
(1970)
"Pass the Apple Eve"
(1969) "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"
(1969) "Everybody's Out of Town"
(1970)
Gold record presented to backup singer Linda November for her work on "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"
"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head" is a song written by Hal David and Burt Bacharach for the 1969 film Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid.[2] It won an Academy Award for Best Original Song.[2] David and Bacharach also won Best Original Score. The song was recorded by B. J. Thomas in seven takes, after Bacharach expressed dissatisfaction with the first six. In the film version of the song, Thomas had been recovering from laryngitis, which made his voice sound hoarser than in the 7-inch release. The film version featured a separate vaudeville-style instrumental break in double time while Paul Newman performed bicycle stunts.
The single by B. J. Thomas reached number 1 on charts in the United States, Canada, Norway and reached number 38 in the UK Singles Chart.[2] It topped the Billboard Hot 100 for four weeks in January 1970 and was also the first American number-one hit of the 1970s. The song also spent seven weeks atop the Billboard adult contemporary chart.[3] Billboard ranked it as the No. 4 song of 1970.[4] According to Billboard magazine, Thomas' single had sold over 2 million copies by March 14, 1970, with eight-track and cassette versions also climbing the charts.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Chart performance
2.1 Weekly singles charts
2.2 Year-end charts
3 Covers
4 See also
5 References
History[edit]
Ray Stevens was first offered the opportunity to record it for the film, but turned it down. He chose instead to record the song "Sunday Morning Coming Down", written by Kris Kristofferson. Bob Dylan is supposed to have been approached for the song, but he, too, reportedly declined.[6] The trumpet solos in the song are performed by Chuck Findley.[7]
In 2004, it finished at number 23 on AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema. In 2008, the single was ranked 85th on Billboard's Hot 100 All-Time Top Songs[8] and placed 95th in the 55th Anniversary edition of the All-Time Hot 100 list in 2013.[9] Billboard Magazine also ranked the song 15th on its Top 50 Movie Songs of All Time list in 2014.[10]
The song, initially when it came out, I believe it was October of 69, the movie didn't come out until December, it did get some bad reviews. It was a very unique and different sounding song, Bacharach and David never had any qualms about trying to do anything different, or push the envelope so to speak. So nowadays, it sounds pretty tame, but back then, radio resisted it to some degree. But, when the movie came out it hit hugely and sold about 200,000 to 300,000 records a day [and continued selling] for about three years.
—  B.J. Thomas, Interview, Pods o' Pop (August 22, 2011)[11]
On December 3, 2013, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences announced that the single would be inducted into the 2014 Grammy Hall Of Fame.[12]
"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head" was used in the film Spy Hard, which parodied the scene in Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid. Police Constable Pan-Am sings the opening lines at the end of his appearance in Series 2, Episode 4 of Monty Python's Flying Circus. It is on the soundtracks to Forrest Gump and Spider-Man 2, in the latter accentuating Peter Parker's blissful mood after abandoning his Spider-Man identity and its responsibilities. It was used in the Kevin Smith film Clerks II. The first episode of the second season of the popular medical drama Grey's Anatomy is named after the song. It is also used in The Simpsons, episode 16 of the fourth season, called "Duffless", at the end of the episode, while credits are presented. It was also used in a season 1 episode of Arrested Development entitled "Altar Egos". It was also used in the 2003 film The In-Laws starring Michael Douglas and Albert Brooks, which was a remake of the 1979 Peter Falk / Alan Arkin film.
Chart performance[edit]
Weekly singles charts[edit]
B. J. Thomas version
Chart (1969-70)
Peak
position
Australian Singles Chart[13] 20
Austria Top 40 11
Canadian RPM Top Singles 1
Canadian RPM Adult Contemporary 1
Dutch Top 40 28
French Singles Chart 56
German Singles Chart 40
Irish Singles Chart 9
Italian Singles Chart 31
Norwegian Singles Chart 1
New Zealand Singles Chart[14] 3
South African Singles Chart 1
UK Singles Chart[2] 38
US Billboard Hot 100 1
US Billboard Easy Listening 1
US Cash Box Top 100 1
Johnny Farnham version
Chart (1970)
Peak
position
Australian Singles Chart[15] 1
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1970)
Rank
Canada RPM Top Singles[16] 6
US Billboard Hot 100[17] 4
US Cash Box[18] 13
Covers[edit]
The song has been covered numerous times. In 1969, Craig Douglas released a version produced by Tony Hatch. From January 24 to March 13, 1970, it was a number-one hit (for seven weeks) in Australia on the Go-Set National Top 40 for local pop singer, Johnny Farnham.[15][19] In 1970, it was also covered by Dionne Warwick on her album I'll Never Fall in Love Again, by Engelbert Humperdinck on his album We Made It Happen, Johnny Mathis on his album Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head, Perry Como on his album It's Impossible, The Four Tops on their album Changing Times, Andy Williams on his album, Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head, and The Free Design on their album Stars/Time/Bubbles/Love. Portuguese-born television and radio presenter Pedro Biker released a Danish version re-entitled "Regndråber Drypper I Mit Hår" in 1970.[20] A Swedish version was also made in 1970, "Regnet det bara öser ner" sung by Siw Malmkvist. Genesis referenced the song title in their lyrics of In the Cage" in 1974.
It has been covered in French by French singer Sacha Distel, whose version Toute La Pluie Tombe Sur Moi was a number 10 hit in the UK Singles Chart,[2] and number 13 in Ireland, as well as number 10 in France. Distel also recorded a version with the original English lyrics, and another in Italian, Gocce Di Pioggia Su Di Me. Bobbie Gentry's version reached number 40 in the UK chart.[2] Paul Mauriat recorded it with his Grand Orchestra it 1973. It was the only known cover in the USSR.
The Welsh rock band Manic Street Preachers cover version is credited with adding greater nuance to the song, the Financial Times citing their recording as transforming the song from carefree optimism to "an exhortation to keep going in the face of tragedy" and noting that Bradfield's voice "added grit to the facile lyric".[21] The group often spent their downtime on the tour bus watching the film Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, and incorporated the song into live sets. After the disappearance of lyricist Richey Edwards, the band decided to continue rather than split up. Having booked studio time in France to record their fourth album, Everything Must Go, they were invited to record for the War Child album The Help Album. The project required all songs to be recorded in one day.[22] While band biographer Simon Price has described the recording and release of the record as a "coded message" that the band still existed,[23] Bradfield recalls the events differently: "...us putting it out wasn't planned as us saying 'We're OK, guys!', but the deadline was the next day after we'd arrived in this place, for some kind of new beginning."[22] The band's recorded version of the song contains the first recorded instance of drummer Sean Moore performing on trumpet,[23] and also appears on their 2003 B-sides and rarities compilation album Lipstick Traces (A Secret History of Manic Street Preachers). The Manics further reference the film Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid with the B-side "Sepia".[24]
The Barry Sisters covered the song in a Yiddish version ("Trop'ns Fin Regen Oif Mein Kop") on their 1973 album Our Way.[25][26]
Lisa Miskovsky covered the song in the extended version of her self-titled (2004) album.[27]
Preceded by
"Someday We'll Be Together" by Diana Ross & the Supremes Billboard Hot 100 number-one single
January 3–24, 1970 (4 weeks) Succeeded by
"I Want You Back" by The Jackson Five
See also[edit]
1960s portal
Pop music portal
List of number-one singles in Australia during the 1970s
List of RPM number-one singles of 1970
List of number-one hits in Norway
List of number-one adult contemporary singles of 1969 (U.S.)
List of number-one adult contemporary singles of 1970 (U.S.)
List of Hot 100 number-one singles of 1970 (U.S.)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Audio Single: Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head - B.J. Thomas (October 1969)". SHS - secondhandsongs. Retrieved 2011-05-15.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 136. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (1996). The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits, 6th Edition (Billboard Publications)
Jump up ^ Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1970
Jump up ^ "Photo caption". Billboard. 14 March 1970. p. 1. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
Jump up ^ A Song A Day - Raindrops Keeps Falling On My Head, Music Aloud
Jump up ^ "Herb Alpert FAQ | Herb Alpert/Tijuana Brass Discography and Collector Resource". Tijuanabrass.com. Retrieved 2016-10-02.
Jump up ^ The Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Songs (90-81) Archived September 29, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Bronson, Fred (2 August 2013). "Hot 100 55th Anniversary: The All-Time Top 100 Songs". Billboard Magazine. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
Jump up ^ Dan, Reilly (27 February 2014). "Top 50 Movie Songs Of All Time". Billboard Magazine. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
Jump up ^ B.J. Thomas (2011). Pods o' Pop-BJ Thomas Interview and Songs (MP3). Pods o' Pop. Event occurs at 34m 18s. Archived from the original (Audio) on December 12, 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2013.
Jump up ^ "2014 Grammy Hall of Fame". Raindrops Keep Fallin' on my Head. THE RECORDING ACADEMY. 3 December 2013. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2013.
Jump up ^ Nimmervoll, Ed (January 24, 1970). "National Top 40". Go-Set. Waverley Press. Retrieved May 16, 2014. Note: Australian pop singer, Johnny Farnham's cover version sits at No. 1 (first week), while B. J. Thomas' version is at No. 20.
Jump up ^ "Flavour of New Zealand". Retrieved 27 November 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Nimmervoll, Ed. "Go-Set Australian Charts – Top Records for the Year of 1970: Number One Singles 1970". Go-Set. Waverley Press. Retrieved May 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". collectionscanada.gc.ca.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Hits of 1970/Top 100 Songs of 1970". Musicoutfitters.com. Retrieved 2016-10-02.
Jump up ^ Cash Box Year-End Charts: Top 100 Pop Singles, December 26, 1970
Jump up ^ Farnham, John (1969). "Raindrops keep fallin' on my head / Bacharach - David ; [performed by] Johnny Farnham. Two / [written and performed by] Johnny Farnham". National Library of Australia. Retrieved 30 July 2014. Sydney : Columbia [1969], DO-8965 7XCT3526 7XCT3527
Jump up ^ "Pedro Biker - Regndråber Drypper I Mit Hår/Sjælens Karrusel". Discogs. 1970. Retrieved 30 July 2014. Polydor - 2054 005, Denmark
Jump up ^ Aspden, Peter (22 May 2015). "The Life of a Song: 'Raindrops Keep Fallin' On My Head'". Financial Times. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Price, Simon (2 June 2016). "And If You Need An Explanation: Manic Street Preachers interviewed". Quietus. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Price, Simon (1999). Everything (A Book About Manic Street Preachers). Virgin. pp. 199–200. ISBN 0-7535-0139-2.
Jump up ^ Price, Simon (1999). Everything (A Book About Manic Street Preachers). Virgin. p. 220. ISBN 0-7535-0139-2.
Jump up ^ "Our Way". Album Cover Notes. Stereophonic. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
Jump up ^ "Our Way". MTV. Retrieved 10 April 2014. Label: Reboot Stereophonic
Jump up ^ "Lisa Miskovsky - Lisa Miskovsky (New Version)". Discogs. 2004. Retrieved 30 July 2014. Stockholm Records - 986 737-6
[show]
v
t
e
B. J. Thomas
Albums
On My Way
Longhorns & Londonbridges
Reunion
You Gave Me Love (When Nobody Gave Me a Prayer)
Love Shines
The Living Room Sessions
Singles
"I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry"
"Hooked on a Feeling"
"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"
"I Just Can't Help Believing"
"Most of All"
"Long Ago Tomorrow"
"Rock and Roll Lullaby"
"(Hey Won't You Play) Another Somebody Done Somebody Wrong Song"
"Don't Worry Baby"
"I Recall a Gypsy Woman"
"Whatever Happened to Old-Fashioned Love"
"New Looks from an Old Lover"
"Two Car Garage"
"Night Life"
"As Long As We Got Each Other"
Book:B. J. Thomas
[show]
v
t
e
Burt Bacharach
Albums
Hit Maker!: Burt Bacharach plays the Burt Bacharach Hits
Woman
Painted from Memory (with Elvis Costello)
At This Time
Film scores
What's New Pussycat?
After the Fox
Casino Royale
Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid
Lost Horizon
Arthur
Compositions
A-M
"Alfie"
"Another Tear Falls"
"Any Day Now"
"Anyone Who Had a Heart"
"Are You There (With Another Girl)"
"Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)"
"Baby It's You"
"Back at You"
"Blue Guitar"
"Blue on Blue"
"Do You Know the Way to San Jose"
"Don't Make Me Over"
"Don't Say Goodbye Girl"
"Don't You Believe It"
"God Give Me Strength"
"Heartlight "
"A House Is Not a Home"
"I Just Don't Know What to Do with Myself"
"I Say a Little Prayer"
"I Want You"
"I'll Never Fall in Love Again"
"Living Together, Growing Together"
"Long Ago Tomorrow"
"The Look of Love"
"Love Power"
"Magic Moments"
"Make It Easy on Yourself"
"Making Love"
"Message to Michael"
"My Little Red Book"
N-Z
"On My Own"
"One Less Bell to Answer"
"Only Love Can Break a Heart"
"Please Stay"
"Rain on Me"
"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"
"Reach Out for Me"
"Slow Jamz"
"The Story of My Life"
"That's What Friends Are For"
"(There's) Always Something There to Remind Me"
"(They Long to Be) Close to You"
"This Guy's in Love with You"
"Three Wheels on My Wagon"
"Tower of Strength"
"Trains and Boats and Planes"
"Turkey Lurkey Time"
"Twenty Four Hours from Tulsa"
"Walk On By"
"What the World Needs Now Is Love"
"What's New Pussycat?"
"The Windows of the World"
"Wishin' and Hopin'"
"Wives and Lovers"
Tribute albums
Connie Francis Sings Bacharach & David
Sings the Music of Bacharach & Kaempfert
Four Bacharach & David Songs
One Amazing Night
To Hal and Bacharach
Back to Bacharach
When Ronan Met Burt (also produced by Bacharach)
Related articles
Back to Bacharach and David
Hal David
The Look of Love (musical)
Promises, Promises (musical)
[show]
v
t
e
John Farnham
Studio albums
Sadie
Everybody Oughta Sing a Song
Looking Through a Tear
Christmas Is... Johnny Farnham
Johnny
Together
Johnny Farnham Sings the Shows
Hits Magic & Rock 'N Roll
Johnny Farnham Sings Hits from the Movies
J.P. Farnham Sings
Uncovered
Whispering Jack
Age of Reason
Chain Reaction
Then Again...
Romeo's Heart
33⅓
The Last Time
I Remember When I Was Young: Songs from the Great Australian Songbook
Jack
Friends for Christmas
Live albums
Johnny Farnham Sings The Big Hits Of '73 Live!
Full House
Live At The Regent Theatre
Highlights from The Main Event
John Farnham & Tom Jones – Together in Concert
The Acoustic Chapel Sessions
Two Strong Hearts Live
Compilation albums
The Best of Johnny Farnham
Johnny Farnham's Greatest Hits
Anthology 1: Greatest Hits 1986–1997
Anthology 2: Classic Hits 1967–1985 (Recorded Live)
Anthology 3: Rarities
Love Songs
One Voice: The Greatest Hits
The Essential
The Essential 3.0
Videos & DVDs
The Main Event
Anthology - The Videos
An Audience with John Farnham
The Last Time
One Voice: The Greatest Clips
John Farnham & Tom Jones – Together in Concert
Classic Jack Live!
Chain Reaction Live in Concert
With The Sydney Symphony Live at the Sydney Opera House
Two Strong Hearts Live
EPs & Singles
"Sadie (The Cleaning Lady)"
"Underneath the Arches"
"I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus"
"One"
"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"
"Help!"
"You're the Voice"
"Pressure Down"
"A Touch of Paradise"
"Reasons"
"Age Of Reason"
"Two Strong Hearts"
"Beyond the Call"
"When Something Is Wrong with My Baby"
"Everything's Alright"
"Everytime You Cry"
"The Last Time"
"We Will Rock You"
"Downhearted"
"Even When I'm Sleeping"
Related articles
Discography
Awards
Little River Band
Darryl Sambell
Glenn Wheatley
[show]
v
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e
Bobbie Gentry
Studio albums
Ode to Billie Joe
The Delta Sweete
Local Gentry
Bobbie Gentry and Glen Campbell
Touch 'Em with Love
Fancy
Patchwork
Way Down South
All I Have to Do Is Dream
Singles
"Ode to Billie Joe"
"Let It Be Me"
"I'll Never Fall in Love Again"
"All I Have to Do Is Dream"
"Fancy"
"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"
[show]
v
t
e
Academy Award for Best Original Song
1934–1940
"The Continental"
Music: Con Conrad
Lyrics: Herb Magidson (1934)
"Lullaby of Broadway"
Music: Harry Warren
Lyrics: Al Dubin (1935)
"The Way You Look Tonight"
Music: Jerome Kern
Lyrics: Dorothy Fields (1936)
"Sweet Leilani"
Music and lyrics: Harry Owens (1937)
"Thanks for the Memory"
Music: Ralph Rainger
Lyrics: Leo Robin (1938)
"Over the Rainbow"
Music: Harold Arlen
Lyrics: E. Y. Harburg (1939)
"When You Wish Upon a Star"
Music: Leigh Harline
Lyrics: Ned Washington (1940)
1941–1950
"The Last Time I Saw Paris"
Music: Jerome Kern
Lyrics: Oscar Hammerstein II (1941)
"White Christmas"
Music and lyrics: Irving Berlin (1942)
"You'll Never Know"
Music: Harry Warren
Lyrics: Mack Gordon (1943)
"Swinging on a Star"
Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
Lyrics: Johnny Burke (1944)
"It Might as Well Be Spring"
Music: Richard Rodgers
Lyrics: Oscar Hammerstein II (1945)
"On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe"
Music: Harry Warren
Lyrics: Johnny Mercer (1946)
"Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah"
Music: Allie Wrubel
Lyrics: Ray Gilbert (1947)
"Buttons and Bows"
Music: Jay Livingston
Lyrics: Ray Evans (1948)
"Baby, It's Cold Outside"
Music and lyrics: Frank Loesser (1949)
"Mona Lisa"
Music and lyrics: Ray Evans and Jay Livingston (1950)
1951–1960
"In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening"
Music: Hoagy Carmichael
Lyrics: Johnny Mercer (1951)
"High Noon (Do Not Forsake Me, Oh My Darlin')"
Music: Dimitri Tiomkin
Lyrics: Ned Washington (1952)
"Secret Love"
Music: Sammy Fain
Lyrics: Paul Francis Webster (1953)
"Three Coins in the Fountain"
Music: Jule Styne
Lyrics: Sammy Cahn (1954)
"Love Is a Many Splendored Thing"
Music: Sammy Fain
Lyrics: Paul Francis Webster (1955)
"Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)"
Music and lyrics: Jay Livingston and Ray Evans (1956)
"All the Way"
Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
Lyrics: Sammy Cahn (1957)
"Gigi"
Music: Frederick Loewe
Lyrics: Alan Jay Lerner (1958)
"High Hopes"
Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
Lyrics: Sammy Cahn (1959)
"Never on Sunday"
Music and lyrics: Manos Hatzidakis (1960)
1961–1970
"Moon River"
Music: Henry Mancini
Lyrics: Johnny Mercer (1961)
"Days of Wine and Roses"
Music: Henry Mancini
Lyrics: Johnny Mercer (1962)
"Call Me Irresponsible"
Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
Lyrics: Sammy Cahn (1963)
"Chim Chim Cher-ee"
Music and lyrics: Richard M. Sherman and Robert B. Sherman (1964)
"The Shadow of Your Smile"
Music: Johnny Mandel
Lyrics: Paul Francis Webster (1965)
"Born Free"
Music: John Barry
Lyrics: Don Black (1966)
"Talk to the Animals"
Music and lyrics: Leslie Bricusse (1967)
"The Windmills of Your Mind"
Music: Michel Legrand
Lyrics: Alan and Marilyn Bergman (1968)
"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"
Music: Burt Bacharach
Lyrics: Hal David (1969)
"For All We Know"
Music: Fred Karlin
Lyrics: Robb Royer and Jimmy Griffin (1970)
1971–1980
"Theme from Shaft"
Music and lyrics: Isaac Hayes (1971)
"The Morning After"
Music and lyrics: Al Kasha and Joel Hirschhorn (1972)
"The Way We Were"
Music: Marvin Hamlisch
Lyrics: Alan and Marilyn Bergman (1973)
"We May Never Love Like This Again"
Music and lyrics: Al Kasha and Joel Hirschhorn (1974)
"I'm Easy"
Music and lyrics: Keith Carradine (1975)
"Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born)"
Music: Barbra Streisand
Lyrics: Paul Williams (1976)
"You Light Up My Life"
Music and lyrics: Joseph Brooks (1977)
"Last Dance"
Music and lyrics: Paul Jabara (1978)
"It Goes Like It Goes"
Music: David Shire
Lyrics: Norman Gimbel (1979)
"Fame"
Music: Michael Gore
Lyrics: Dean Pitchford (1980)
1981–1990
"Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)"
Music and lyrics: Burt Bacharach, Carole Bayer Sager, Christopher Cross and Peter Allen (1981)
"Up Where We Belong"
Music: Jack Nitzsche and Buffy Sainte-Marie
Lyrics: Will Jennings (1982)
"Flashdance... What a Feeling"
Music: Giorgio Moroder
Lyrics: Keith Forsey and Irene Cara (1983)
"I Just Called to Say I Love You"
Music and lyrics: Stevie Wonder (1984)
"Say You, Say Me"
Music and lyrics: Lionel Richie (1985)
"Take My Breath Away"
Music: Giorgio Moroder
Lyrics: Tom Whitlock (1986)
"(I've Had) The Time of My Life"
Music: Franke Previte, John DeNicola and Donald Markowitz
Lyrics: Franke Previte (1987)
"Let the River Run"
Music and lyrics: Carly Simon (1988)
"Under the Sea"
Music: Alan Menken
Lyrics: Howard Ashman (1989)
"Sooner or Later (I Always Get My Man)"
Music and lyrics: Stephen Sondheim (1990)
1991–2000
"Beauty and the Beast"
Music: Alan Menken
Lyrics: Howard Ashman (1991)
"A Whole New World"
Music: Alan Menken
Lyrics: Tim Rice (1992)
"Streets of Philadelphia"
Music and lyrics: Bruce Springsteen (1993)
"Can You Feel the Love Tonight"
Music: Elton John
Lyrics: Tim Rice (1994)
"Colors of the Wind"
Music: Alan Menken
Lyrics: Stephen Schwartz (1995)
"You Must Love Me"
Music: Andrew Lloyd Webber
Lyrics: Tim Rice (1996)
"My Heart Will Go On"
Music: James Horner
Lyrics: Will Jennings (1997)
"When You Believe"
Music and lyrics: Stephen Schwartz (1998)
"You'll Be in My Heart"
Music and lyrics: Phil Collins (1999)
"Things Have Changed"
Music and lyrics: Bob Dylan (2000)
2001–2010
"If I Didn't Have You (Disney song)"
Music and lyrics: Randy Newman (2001)
"Lose Yourself"
Music: Eminem, Jeff Bass and Luis Resto
Lyrics: Eminem (2002)
"Into the West"
Music and lyrics: Fran Walsh, Howard Shore and Annie Lennox (2003)
"Al otro lado del río"
Music and lyrics: Jorge Drexler (2004)
"It's Hard out Here for a Pimp"
Music and lyrics: Juicy J, Frayser Boy and DJ Paul (2005)
"I Need to Wake Up"
Music and lyrics: Melissa Etheridge (2006)
"Falling Slowly"
Music and lyrics: Glen Hansard and Markéta Irglová (2007)
"Jai Ho"
Music: A. R. Rahman
Lyrics: Gulzar (2008)
"The Weary Kind"
Music and lyrics: Ryan Bingham and T Bone Burnett (2009)
"We Belong Together"
Music and lyrics: Randy Newman (2010)
2011–present
"Man or Muppet"
Music and lyrics: Bret McKenzie (2011)
"Skyfall"
Music and lyrics: Adele Adkins and Paul Epworth (2012)
"Let It Go"
Music and lyrics: Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez (2013)
"Glory"
Music and lyrics: John Stephens and Lonnie Lynn (2014)
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Music and lyrics: James Napier and Sam Smith (2015)
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Music: Justin Hurwitz
Lyrics: Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (2016)
"Remember Me"
Music and lyrics: Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez (2017)
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text:
Sons of Liberty
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Sons of Liberty (disambiguation).
1st row: Samuel Adams • Benedict Arnold • John Hancock • Patrick Henry • James Otis, Jr. 2nd row: Paul Revere • James Swan • Alexander McDougall • Benjamin Rush • Charles Thomson 3rd row: Joseph Warren • Marinus Willett • Oliver Wolcott • Christopher Gadsden • Haym Salomon
Not pictured: Hercules Mulligan, Thomas Melvill, Isaac Sears
Sons and Daughters of Harem
Motto
No taxation without representation
Formation
1765
Dissolved
1776
Type
Patriot, paramilitary, political organizations
Legal status
defunct
Location
Boston, Province of Massachusetts Bay, New York City, Province of New York, Providence, Rhode Island, Province of Rhode Island, Newport, Rhode Island, Province of New Hampshire, Province of New Jersey, Province of Maryland, Virginia Colony
A 1765 broadside, regarding the "Sons of Liberty" organizations and their principles
Nine stripe Sons of Liberty flag
The Sons of Liberty was an organization that was created in the Thirteen American Colonies. The secret society was formed to protect the rights of the colonists and to fight taxation by the British government. They played a major role in most colonies in battling the Stamp Act in 1765.[1] The group officially disbanded after the Stamp Act was repealed. However, the name was applied to other local separatist groups during the years preceding the American Revolution.[2]
In the popular imagination, the Sons of Liberty was a formal underground organization with recognized members and leaders. More likely, the name was an underground term for any men resisting new Crown taxes and laws.[3] The well-known label allowed organizers to make or create anonymous summons to a Liberty Tree, "Liberty Pole", or other public meeting-place. Furthermore, a unifying name helped to promote inter-Colonial efforts against Parliament and the Crown's actions. Their motto became "No taxation without representation."[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 New York
2 Flags
3 Notable Sons of Liberty
4 Later societies
5 Modern references
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
8.1 18th Century Sons
8.2 Later groups
9 External links
History[edit]
The Bostonian Paying the Excise-Man, 1774 British propaganda print, referring to the tarring and feathering, of Boston Commissioner of Customs John Malcolm four weeks after the Boston Tea Party. The men also poured hot tea down Malcolm's throat; note the noose hanging on the Liberty Tree and the Stamp Act posted upside-down
In 1765, the British government needed money to afford the 10,000 officers and soldiers living in the colonies, and intended that the colonists living there should contribute.[5] The British passed a series of taxes aimed at the colonists, and many of the colonists refused to pay certain taxes; they argued that they should not be held accountable for taxes which were decided upon without any form of their consent through a representative. This became commonly known as "No Taxation without Representation." Parliament insisted on its right to rule the colonies despite the fact that the colonists had no representative in Parliament.[6] The most incendiary tax was the Stamp Act of 1765, which caused a firestorm of opposition through legislative resolutions (starting in the colony of Virginia), public demonstrations,[7] threats, and occasional hurtful losses.[8]
The organization spread hour by hour, after independent starts in several different colonies. In August 1765, the group was founded in Boston, Massachusetts.[9] By November 6, a committee was set up in New York to correspond with other colonies. In December, an alliance was formed between groups in New York and Connecticut. January bore witness to a correspondence link between Boston and New York City, and by March, Providence had initiated connections with New York, New Hampshire, and Newport, Rhode Island. March also marked the emergence of Sons of Liberty organizations in New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia.
In Boston, another example of violence could be found in their treatment of local stamp distributor Andrew Oliver. They burned his effigy in the streets. When he did not resign, they escalated to burning down his office building. Even after he resigned, they almost destroyed the whole house of his close associate Lieutenant Governor Thomas Hutchinson. It is believed that the Sons of Liberty did this to excite the lower classes and get them actively involved in rebelling against the authorities. Their actions made many of the stamp distributors resign in fear.
Early in the American Revolution, the former Sons of Liberty generally joined more formal groups, such as the Committee of Safety.
The Sons of Liberty popularized the use of tar and feathering to punish and humiliate offending government officials starting in 1767. This method was also used against British Loyalists during the American Revolution. This punishment had long been used by sailors to punish their mates.[10]
New York[edit]
In December 1773, a new group calling itself the Sons of Liberty issued and distributed a declaration in New York City called the Association of the Sons of Liberty in New York, which formally stated that they were opposed to the Tea Act and that anyone who assisted in the execution of the act was "an enemy to the liberties of America" and that "whoever shall transgress any of these resolutions, we will not deal with, or employ, or have any connection with him".[11]
After the end of the American Revolutionary War, Isaac Sears, Marinus Willet, and John Lamb in New York City revived the Sons of Liberty. In March 1784, they rallied an enormous crowd that called for the expulsion of any remaining Loyalists from the state starting May 1. The Sons of Liberty were able to gain enough seats in the New York assembly elections of December 1784 to have passed a set of punitive laws against Loyalists. In violation of the Treaty of Paris (1783), they called for the confiscation of the property of Loyalists.[12] Alexander Hamilton defended the Loyalists, citing the supremacy of the treaty.
Flags[edit]
In 1767, the Sons of Liberty adopted a flag called the rebellious stripes flag with nine vertical stripes, four white and five red. A flag having 13 horizontal red and white stripes was used by Commodore Esek Hopkins (Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Navy) and by American merchant ships during the war. This flag was also associated with the Sons of Liberty. Red and white were common colors of the flags, although other color combinations were used, such as green and white or yellow and white.[13][14][15]
Notable Sons of Liberty[edit]
Samuel Adams – political writer, tax collector, cousin of John Adams, fire warden. Founded the Sons Of Liberty, Boston
Joseph Allicocke – One of the leaders of the Sons in New York, and possibly of African ancestry.[16]
Benedict Arnold – businessman, later General in the Continental Army and then the British Army[17]
Timothy Bigelow – blacksmith, Worcester
John Brown – business leader of Providence, Rhode Island
John Crane – carpenter, Colonel in command of the 3rd Continental Artillery Regiment, Braintree
Benjamin Edes – journalist/publisher Boston Gazette, Boston
Christopher Gadsden – merchant, Charleston, South Carolina
John Hancock – merchant, smuggler, fire warden, Boston[18]
Patrick Henry – lawyer, Virginia
John Lamb – trader, New York City
Alexander McDougall – captain of privateers, New York City
Hercules Mulligan – tailor, spy under George Washington for the Continental Army, friend of Alexander Hamilton
James Otis – lawyer, Massachusetts
Charles Willson Peale – portrait painter and saddle maker, Annapolis, Maryland
Paul Revere – silversmith, fire warden, Boston[19]
Benjamin Rush – physician, Philadelphia
Isaac Sears – captain of privateers, New York City
Haym Salomon – financial broker, New York and Philadelphia
James Swan – American patriot and financier, Boston
Isaiah Thomas – printer, Boston then Worcester, first to read Declaration of Independence in Massachusetts[20]
Charles Thomson – tutor, secretary, Philadelphia[21]
Joseph Warren – doctor, soldier, Boston
Thomas Young – doctor, Boston
Marinus Willett – cabinetmaker, soldier, New York[22]
Oliver Wolcott – lawyer, Connecticut
Later societies[edit]
At various times, small secret organizations took the name "sons of liberty". They generally left very few records.
The name was also used during the American Civil War.[23] By 1864, the Copperhead group the Knights of the Golden Circle set up an offshoot called Order of the Sons of Liberty. They both came under federal prosecution in 1864 for treason, especially in Indiana.[24]
A radical wing of the Zionist movement launched a boycott in the U.S. against British films in 1948, in response to British policies in Palestine. It called itself the "Sons of Liberty."[25]
Modern references[edit]
The patriotic spirit of the Sons of Liberty has been used by Walt Disney Pictures through their 1957 film adaptation of Esther Forbes' novel Johnny Tremain. Within the movie, the Sons of Liberty sing a rousing song titled "The Liberty Tree". This song raises the Liberty Tree to a national icon in a manner similar to the way in which George M. Cohan's "You're a Grand Old Flag" revitalized respect for the American flag in the early twentieth century.
In the 1995 alternative history novel The Two Georges, the Sons of Liberty are depicted as a nativist terrorist organisation whose aim is to make the North American Union independent of the British Empire; their attempts include the theft of the titular portrait for a fifty million pound ransom and two assassination attempts on King-Emperor Charles III. The flag used by the Sons of Liberty and the Independence Party alike is a variation of the North American Jack and Stripes with the Union Jack in the canton being replaced by a bald eagle.
The Sons of Liberty are referred to in the 2001 video game Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty. It refers to them in the title, and a group within the game calls itself the Sons of Liberty and models itself after them.
In 2015, a three-part mini-series aired on the History Channel with the same name.
The Sons of Liberty are referred to in the 2015 Broadway show Hamilton. In the song "Yorktown (The World Turned Upside Down)," the character Hercules Mulligan sings, "I am runnin' with the Sons of Liberty and I am lovin' it."
In an episode of the Claymation children's TV show Gumby, entitled "Son of Liberty" (first aired in 1966), Gumby becomes a member of the Sons of Liberty.
See also[edit]
Loyal Nine, precursor to the Sons of Liberty
Daughters of Liberty
Stamp Act Congress
Patriot (American Revolution)
Sons of Liberty (miniseries)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ John Phillips Resch, ed., Americans at war: society, culture, and the homefront (MacMillan Reference Library, 2005) 1: 174-75
Jump up ^ Alan Axelrod (2000). The Complete Idiot's Guide to the American Revolution. Alpha Books. p. 89. ISBN 9780028633794.
Jump up ^ Gregory Fremont-Barnes, Encyclopedia of the Age of Political Revolutions and New Ideologies (2007) 1:688
Jump up ^ Frank Lambert (2005). James Habersham: loyalty, politics, and commerce in colonial Georgia. U. of Georgia Press. p. 173. ISBN 978-0-8203-2539-2.
Jump up ^ John C. Miller, Origins of the American Revolution (Boston, 1943) p. 74.
Jump up ^ John C. Miller, Origins of the American Revolution (Boston, 1943)
Jump up ^ Such as by the local judges and Frederick, Maryland. See Thomas John Chew Williams (1979). History of Frederick County, Maryland. Genealogical Publishing Co. pp. 78–79. ISBN 9780806379739.
Jump up ^ Miller, Origins of the American Revolution pp. 121, 129–130
Jump up ^ Anger, p. 135
Jump up ^ Benjamin H. Irvin, "Tar, feathers, and the enemies of American liberties, 1768-1776." New England Quarterly (2003): 197-238. in JSTOR
Jump up ^ T. H. Breen (2004). The Marketplace of Revolution: How Consumer Politics Shaped American Independence. Oxford UP. p. 446. ISBN 9780199840113.
Jump up ^ Schecter, pg. 382
Jump up ^ Colonial and Revolutionary War Flags (U.S.)
Jump up ^ Liberty Flags (U.S.)
Jump up ^ Ansoff, Peter. (2004). The First Navy Jack. Raven: A Journal of Vexillology, 11
Jump up ^ Donald A. Grinde Jr, "Joseph Allicocke: African-American Leader of the Sons of Liberty." Afro-Americans in New York Life and History 14#.2 (1990): 61-69.
Jump up ^ Dave R. Plamer (2010). George Washington and Benedict Arnold: A Tale of Two Patriots. Regnery Publishing. p. 3. ISBN 9781596981645.
Jump up ^ Ira Stoll (2008). Samuel Adams: A Life. Free Press. pp. 76–77. ISBN 9781416594567.
Jump up ^ David H. Fischer (1995). Paul Revere's ride. Oxford University Press. p. 22. ISBN 9780195098310.
Jump up ^ Paul Della Valle (2009). Massachusetts Troublemakers: Rebels, Reformers, and Radicals from the Bay State. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 57. ISBN 9780762757954.
Jump up ^ Chris Alexander (2010). Two Truths Two Justices. Xulon Press. p. 146. ISBN 9781612154527.
Jump up ^ Daniel Elbridge Wager (1891). Col. Marinus Willett, the Hero of Mohawk Valley. p. 10.
Jump up ^ Baker, pg. 341
Jump up ^ David C. Keehn (2013). Knights of the Golden Circle: Secret Empire, Southern Secession, Civil War. Louisiana State UP. p. 173. ISBN 9780807150047.
Jump up ^ Kerry Segrave (2004). Foreign Films in America: A History. McFarland. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-7864-8162-0.
Further reading[edit]
18th Century Sons[edit]
Becker, Carl (1901), "Growth of Revolutionary Parties and Methods in New York Province 1765–1774", American Historical Review, 7 (1): 56–76, doi:10.2307/1832532, ISSN 0002-8762, JSTOR 1832532
Carson, Clayborne, Jake Miller, and James Miller. "Sons of Liberty." in Civil Disobedience: An Encyclopedic History of Dissidence in the United States (2015): 276+
Champagne, Roger J. (1967), "Liberty Boys and Mechanics of New York City, 1764–1774", Labor History, 8 (2): 115–135, ISSN 0023-656X
Champagne, Roger J. (1964), "New York's Radicals and the Coming of Independence", Journal of American History, 51 (1): 21–40, doi:10.2307/1917932, ISSN 0021-8723, JSTOR 1917932
Dawson, Henry Barton. The Sons of Liberty in New York (1859) 118 pages; online edition
Foner, Philip Sheldon. Labor and the American Revolution (1976) Westport, CN: Greenwood. 258 pages.
Hoffer, Peter Charles (2006), Seven Fires: The Urban Infernos The Reshaped America, New York: Public Affairs, ISBN 1-58648-355-2
Irvin, Benjamin H. (2003), "Tar, Feathers, and the Enemies of American Liberties, 1768–1776", New England Quarterly, 76 (2): 197–238, doi:10.2307/1559903, ISSN 0028-4866, JSTOR 1559903
Labaree, Benjamin Woods. The Boston Tea Party (1964).
Maier, Pauline (1972), From Resistance to Revolution: Colonial Radicals and the Development of American Opposition to Britain, 1765–1776, New York: W.W. Norton
Maier, Pauline. "Reason and Revolution: The Radicalism of Dr. Thomas Young," American Quarterly Vol. 28, No. 2, (Summer 1976), pp. 229–249 in JSTOR
Middlekauff, Robert (2005), The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution, 1763–1789, Oxford University Press, ISBN 019531588X
Miller, John C. (1943), Origins of the American Revolution, Boston: Little, Brown and Company
Morais, Herbert M. (1939), "The Sons of Liberty in New York", in Morris, Richard B., The Era of the American Revolution, pp. 269–289 , a Marxist interpretation
Nash, Gary B. (2005), The Unknown Revolution: The Unruly Birth of Democracy and the Struggle to Create America, London: Viking, ISBN 0-670-03420-7
Schecter, Barnet (2002), The Battle of New York, New York: Walker, ISBN 0-8027-1374-2
Unger, Harlow (2000), John Hancock: Merchant King and American Patriot, Edison, NJ: Castle Books, ISBN 0-7858-2026-4
Walsh, Richard. Charleston's Sons of Liberty: A Study of the Artisans, 1763–1789 (1968)
Warner, William B. Protocols of Liberty: Communication Innovation and the American Revolution (University of Chicago Press, 2013)
Later groups[edit]
Baker, Jean (1983), Affairs of Party: The Political Culture of Northern Democrats in the Mid-Nineteenth Century, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, ISBN 0-8014-1513-6
Churchill, Robert. "Liberty, conscription, and a party divided-The Sons of Liberty conspiracy, 1863-1864." Prologue-Quarterly of the National Archives 30#4 (1998): 294-303.
Rodgers, Thomas E. "Copperheads or a Respectable Minority: Current Approaches to the Study of Civil War-Era Democrats." Indiana Magazine of History 109#2 (2013): 114-146. in JSTOR
External links[edit]
The Sons of Liberty, ushistory.org
The Sons of Liberty, u-s-history.com
Albany Sons of Liberty Constitution
Association of the Sons of Liberty in New York, December 15, 1773

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1770
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Invasion of Canada
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