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Texas Legislature
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Texas State Legislature
Type
Houses
Senate
House of Representatives
Leadership
President of the Senate
Dan Patrick (R)
Since January 20, 2015
Speaker of the House
Joe Straus (R)
Since January 13, 2009
Structure
Seats
181 voting members:
31 Senators
150 Representatives
Senate political groups
Republican (20)
Democratic (11)
House political groups
Republican (95)
Democratic (55)
Elections
Senate last election
November 8, 2016
Meeting place
Texas State Capitol, Austin
Website
http://www.capitol.state.tx.us
The Legislature of the state of Texas is the state legislature of Texas. The legislature is a bicameral body composed of a 31-member Senate and a 150-member House of Representatives. The state legislature meets at the Capitol in Austin. It is a powerful arm of the Texas government not only because of its power of the purse to control and direct the activities of state government and the strong constitutional connections between it and the Lieutenant Governor of Texas, but also due to Texas's plural executive.
The Legislature is the constitutional successor of the Congress of the Republic of Texas since Texas's 1845 entrance into the Union. The Legislature held its first regular session from February 16 to May 13, 1846.
Contents
[hide]
1 Structure and operations
2 Qualification for service
3 Salary of legislative officials
4 Makeup of the Texas Senate
5 Makeup of the Texas House of Representatives
6 Support agencies
7 Scandals
8 See also
9 References
10 Further reading
11 External links
Structure and operations[edit]
The Texas Legislature meets in regular session on the second Tuesday in January of each odd-numbered year.[1] The Texas Constitution limits the regular session to 140 calendar days. The lieutenant governor, elected statewide separately from the governor, presides over the Senate, while the Speaker of the House is elected from that body by its members. Both have wide latitude in choosing committee membership in their respective houses and have a large impact on lawmaking in the state.
Only the governor may call the Legislature into special sessions, unlike other states where the legislature may call itself into session. The governor may call as many sessions as he or she desires. For example, Governor Rick Perry called three consecutive sessions to address the 2003 Texas congressional redistricting. The Texas Constitution limits the duration of each special session to 30 days; lawmakers may consider only those issues designated by the governor in his "call," or proclamation convening the special session (though other issues may be added by the Governor during a session).
Any bill passed by the Legislature takes effect 90 days after its passage unless two-thirds of each house votes to give the bill either immediate effect or earlier effect. The Legislature may provide for an effective date that is after the 90th day. Under current legislative practice, most bills are given an effective date of September 1 in odd-numbered years (September 1 is the start of the state's fiscal year).
Although members are elected on partisan ballots, both houses of the Legislature are officially organized on a nonpartisan basis, with members of both parties serving in leadership positions such as committee chairmanships.[citation needed] As of 2017, a majority of the members of each chamber are members of the Republican Party.
Qualification for service[edit]
The Texas Constitution sets the qualifications for election to each house as follows:[2]
A senator must be at least 26 years of age, a citizen of Texas five years prior to election and a resident of the district from which elected one year prior to election. Each senator serves a four-year term and one-half of the Senate membership is elected every two years in even-numbered years, with the exception that all the Senate seats are up for election for the first legislature following the decennial census in order to reflect the newly redrawn districts. After the initial election, the Senate is divided by lot into two classes, with one class having a re-election after two years and the other having a re-election after four years.
A representative must be at least 21 years of age, a citizen of Texas for two years prior to election and a resident of the district from which elected one year prielection. They are elected for two-year terms, running for re-election in even-numbered years.[3]
Salary of legislative officials[edit]
State legislators in Texas make $600 per month, or $7,200 per year, plus a per diem of $190 for every day the Legislature is in session (also including any special sessions). That adds up to $33,800 a year for a regular session (140 days), with the total pay for a two-year term being $41,000.[4][5] Legislators receive a pension after eight years of service, starting at age 60.[6]
Makeup of the Texas Senate[edit]
Seal of the Texas State Senate.
Main article: Texas Senate
Affiliation Members
Republican Party 20
Democratic Party 11
Total
31
Makeup of the Texas House of Representatives[edit]
Seal of the Texas House of Representatives.
Main article: Texas House of Representatives
Affiliation Members
Republican Party 95
Democratic Party 55
Vacant 0
Total
150
Support agencies[edit]
The Texas Legislature has five support agencies that are within the legislative branch of state government.
Those five agencies are as follows:
Texas Legislative Budget Board;
Texas Legislative Council;
Texas Legislative Reference Library;
Texas State Auditor; and
Texas Sunset Advisory Commission
Scandals[edit]
On May 14, 2007, CBS Austin affiliate KEYE reported on the rampant multiple voting by members of the Texas House of Representatives during a voting session.[7] The report noted how representatives would race to the nearest empty seats to register votes for absent members on the legislature's automated voting machines. Each representative would vote for the nearest absent members, apparently regardless of party affiliation. This practice was in direct violation of a Rule of the Texas Legislature; however, no house member had ever been disciplined for the practice. The then-Speaker of the House Tom Craddick, responsible for enforcement of the rule, issued a statement that discipline for violations of the rule is left to the individual house members.[7] Subsequent similar violations under House Speaker Joe Straus have been unenforced.[8]
See also[edit]
Texas portal
Sunset Advisory Commission
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Texas Government Code 301.001
Jump up ^ "Qualifications for Office". Sos.state.tx.us. Retrieved 2016-02-25.
Jump up ^ Texas House of Representatives – Frequently Asked Questions
Jump up ^ "THE TEXAS CONSTITUTION ARTICLE 3. LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT". Statutes.legis.state.tx.us. Retrieved 2016-02-25.
Jump up ^ "Chapter 50, Ethics Commission Rules". Ethics.state.tx.us. Retrieved 2016-02-25.
Jump up ^ "Legislators With Benefits, Even When They Stray". New York Times. 2012-04-12. Retrieved 2017-08-10.
^ Jump up to: a b CBS Channel 42 KeyeTV Investigates: One Lawmaker, Many Votes?, May 14, 2007, available at "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eG6X-xtVask"; see also Wilson, Nanci, One Lawmaker, Many Votes?, May 14, 2007, available at "www.keyetv.com/topstories/local_story_134224129.html"[permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Hoppe, Christy (2011-03-24). "Some Texas lawmakers cast votes for fellow members on bill Meant to Protect Elections". Dallas Morning News. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
Further reading[edit]
"Citizen Handbook". The Senate of Texas. Retrieved 13 September 2009.
Texas Legislature from the Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved 13 April 2005.
Stanley K. Young, Texas Legislative Handbook (1973).
Univ. of Tex., The Legislative Branch in Texas Politics, [1] (last accessed Oct. 8, 2006) (stating that "The Texas Legislature is the most powerful of the three main branches of government[,]" primarily because it is "less weak than the other branches").
See also: Texas Government Newsletter
External links[edit]
Texas Legislature Online
Texas House of Representatives
Texas Senate
Reference Library of Texas[permanent dead link]
Open Government Texas from the Sunlight Foundation
Texas at Project Vote Smart
Texas Politics – The Legislative Branch
Texas Government Newsletter and Voter's Guide to the Texas Legislature
Billhop – Texas Legislative Wiki
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See: List of counties in Texas
[show]
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Members of the Texas Senate
85th Texas Legislature (2017)
President of the Senate: Dan Patrick (R)
President Pro Tempore: Kel Seliger
Bryan Hughes (R)
Bob Hall (R)
Robert Nichols (R)
Brandon Creighton (R)
Charles Schwertner (R)
Sylvia Garcia (D)
Paul Bettencourt (R)
Van Taylor (R)
Kelly Hancock (R)
Konni Burton (R)
Larry Taylor (R)
Jane Nelson (R)
Borris Miles (D)
Kirk Watson (D)
John Whitmire (D)
Don Huffines (R)
Joan Huffman (R)
Lois Kolkhorst (R)
Carlos Uresti (D)
Juan Hinojosa (D)
Judith Zaffirini (D)
Brian Birdwell (R)
Royce West (D)
Dawn Buckingham (R)
Donna Campbell (R)
Jose Menendez (D)
Eddie Lucio Jr. (D)
Charles Perry (R)
José R. Rodríguez (D)
Craig Estes (R)
Kel Seliger (R)
Republican (20)
Democratic (11)
Texas Legislature
Texas House of Representatives
Texas State Senate
[show]
v
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Members of the Texas House of Representatives
85th Texas Legislature (2017)
Speaker of the House: Joe Straus (R)
Speaker Pro Tempore: Dennis Bonnen (R)
Gary VanDeaver (R)
Dan Flynn (R)
Cecil Bell Jr. (R)
Lance Gooden (R)
Cole Hefner (R)
Matt Schaefer (R)
Jay Dean (R)
Byron Cook (R)
Chris Paddie (R)
John Wray (R)
Travis Clardy (R)
Kyle Kacal (R)
Vacant
John N. Raney (R)
Mark Keough (R)
Will Metcalf (R)
John Cyrier (R)
Ernest Bailes (R)
James White (R)
Terry Wilson (R)
Dade Phelan (R)
Joe Deshotel (D)
Wayne Faircloth (R)
Greg Bonnen (R)
Dennis Bonnen (R)
Rick Miller (R)
Ron Reynolds (D)
John M. Zerwas (R)
Ed Thompson (R)
Geanie Morrison (R)
Ryan Guillen (D)
Todd Ames Hunter (R)
Justin Holland (R)
Abel Herrero (D)
Oscar Longoria (D)
Sergio Muñoz Jr. (D)
Rene Oliveira (D)
Eddie Lucio III (D)
Armando Martinez (D)
Terry Canales (D)
Robert Guerra (D)
Richard Raymond (D)
J. M. Lozano (R)
John Kuempel (R)
Jason Isaac (R)
Dawnna Dukes (D)
Paul D. Workman (R)
Donna Howard (D)
Gina Hinojosa (D)
Celia Israel (D)
Eddie Rodriguez (D)
Larry Gonzales (R)
Andrew Murr (R)
Scott Cosper (R)
Hugh Shine (R)
Charles Anderson (R)
Trent Ashby (R)
DeWayne Burns (R)
J. D. Sheffield (R)
Mike Lang (R)
Phil King (R)
Larry Phillips (R)
Tan Parker (R)
Lynn Stucky (R)
Ron Simmons (R)
Matt Shaheen (R)
Jeff Leach (R)
Drew Springer Jr. (R)
James Frank (R)
Scott Sanford (R)
Stan Lambert (R)
Drew Darby (R)
Kyle Biedermann (R)
Poncho Nevárez (D)
Mary González (D)
Cesar Blanco (D)
Evelina Ortega (D)
Joe Moody (D)
Joe Pickett (D)
Tracy King (D)
Brooks Landgraf (R)
Tom Craddick (R)
Dustin Burrows (R)
John Frullo (R)
Phil Stephenson (R)
John T. Smithee (R)
Four Price (R)
Ken King (R)
Jodie Anne Laubenberg (R)
Ramon Romero Jr. (D)
Stephanie Klick (R)
Jonathan Stickland (R)
Matt Krause (R)
Tony Tinderholt (R)
Nicole Collier (D)
Bill Zedler (R)
Craig Goldman (R)
Giovanni Capriglione (R)
Charlie Geren (R)
Eric Johnson (D)
Chris Turner (D)
Linda Koop (R)
Rafael Anchia (D)
Roberto Alonzo (D)
Rodney Anderson (R)
Pat Fallon (R)
Victoria Neave (D)
Morgan Meyer (R)
Helen Giddings (D)
Toni Rose (D)
Yvonne Davis (D)
Angie Chen Button (R)
Cindy Burkett (R)
Jason Villalba (R)
Matt Rinaldi (R)
Diana Arevalo (D)
Philip Cortez (D)
Tomas Uresti (D)
Roland Gutierrez (D)
Barbara Gervin-Hawkins (D)
Joe Straus (R)
Lyle Larson (R)
Diego Bernal (D)
Ina Minjarez (D)
Justin Rodriguez (D)
Kevin Roberts (R)
Dan Huberty (R)
Briscoe Cain (R)
Dennis Paul (R)
Tom Oliverson (R)
Alma Allen (D)
Mike Schofield (R)
Jim Murphy (R)
Sarah Davis (R)
Gary Elkins (R)
Tony Dale (R)
Gene Wu (D)
Dwayne Bohac (R)
Jarvis Johnson (D)
Armando Walle (D)
Senfronia Thompson (D)
Harold Dutton Jr. (D)
Ana Hernandez (D)
Mary Ann Perez (D)
Carol Alvarado (D)
Shawn Thierry (D)
Garnet Coleman (D)
Jessica Farrar (D)
Hubert Vo (D)
Valoree Swanson (R)
Republican (95)
Democratic (55)
Texas Legislature
Texas House of Representatives
Texas State Senate
[show]
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Texas State Legislatures by year convened
1 (1846)
2 (1847)
3 (1849)
4 (1851)
5 (1853)
6 (1855)
7 (1857)
8 (1859)
9 (1861)
10 (1863)
11 (1866)
12 (1870)
13 (1873)
14 (1874)
15 (1876)
16 (1879)
17 (1881)
18 (1883)
19 (1885)
20 (1887)
21 (1889)
22 (1891)
23 (1893)
24 (1895)
25 (1897)
26 (1899)
27 (1901)
28 (1903)
29 (1905)
30 (1907)
31 (1909)
32 (1911)
33 (1913)
34 (1915)
35 (1917)
36 (1919)
37 (1921)
38 (1923)
39 (1925)
40 (1927)
41 (1929)
42 (1931)
43 (1933)
44 (1935)
45 (1937)
46 (1939)
47 (1941)
48 (1943)
49 (1945)
50 (1947)
51 (1949)
52 (1951)
53 (1953)
54 (1955)
55 (1957)
56 (1959)
57 (1961)
58 (1963)
59 (1965)
60 (1967)
61 (1969)
62 (1971)
63 (1973)
64 (1975)
65 (1977)
66 (1979)
67 (1981)
68 (1983)
69 (1985)
70 (1987)
71 (1989)
72 (1991)
73 (1993)
74 (1995)
75 (1997)
76 (1999)
77 (2001)
78 (2003)
79 (2005)
80 (2007)
81 (2009)
82 (2011)
83 (2013)
84 (2015)
85 (2017)
[show]
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Legislatures of the United States
United States Congress
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List of current U.S. state legislators
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The Source (retailer)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Source (Bell) Electronics Inc.
Trading name
The Source
Formerly called
RadioShack Canada
(1986–2004)
The Source by Circuit City (2004–2009)
Type
Subsidiary
Industry
Retail
Founded
June 1986; 31 years ago (1986-06) (as InterTAN Canada)
Headquarters
Barrie, Ontario, Canada
Products
Electronics
Parent
InterTAN (1986–2004)
Circuit City (2004–2009)
BCE Inc. (2009–present)
Website
thesource.ca
The Source (Bell) Electronics Inc., doing business as The Source (French: La Source), is a Canadian consumer electronics and cell phone retail chain. The chain goes back over 40 years in Canada, initially as Radio Shack and later as The Source by Circuit City. The Source is now owned by BCE Inc., which purchased the assets of InterTAN from its parent, American retailer Circuit City, in 2009. The Source is a unit of 4458729 Canada Inc. and is based in Barrie, Ontario.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Products
3 References
4 External links
Background[edit]
Store in Promenade.
The Source began as the Canadian branch of Radio Shack (later "RadioShack"). The chain was originally owned by Radio Shack's American parent company Tandy Corporation, but was spun off in June 1986, along with the rest of Tandy's international operations, as InterTAN. A licensing agreement with what became RadioShack Corporation allowed InterTAN to continue to use the chain's name and logo. InterTAN abandoned its non-profitable West German stores in 1987, left Belgium and France in 1993, sold its British stores to Carphone Warehouse in 1999 and sold its Australian stores to Woolworth subsidiary Dick Smith Electronics in 2002, leaving just the Canadian Radio Shack, Battery Plus and Rogers Plus stores.
In May 2004, InterTAN was acquired by Circuit City. One week after the acquisition was completed, RadioShack Corporation filed a lawsuit in the 352nd Judicial District Court in Tarrant County, Texas to end the licensing agreement. RadioShack Corporation claimed that InterTAN had breached the terms of their agreement. On March 24, 2005, the district court judge ruled in favour of RadioShack and cancelled the agreement. The ruling prohibited InterTAN from using the brand name on its stores or in any of its products, packaging, and advertising after June 30, 2005.
On April 26, 2005, Circuit City announced that the stores would be renamed The Source by Circuit City (La Source par Circuit City in Quebec). The rebranding process was completed in the majority of the chain's Canadian stores by July 1, 2005. The chain also introduced new house brands, including Nexxtech and Centrios, in place of RadioShack store brands.
In February 2007, The Source announced it would close down 62 low volume stores across Canada. On March 30, 2007, Circuit City announced to its shareholders that it was seeking options including selling off the InterTAN/The Source subsidiary to cut losses. On November 10, 2008, InterTAN sought protection from its creditors, after Circuit City filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.
Circuit City announced on January 16, 2009, that its namesake U.S. stores would be liquidated. The Source was not affected by the announcement, and a process followed to sell the Canadian operations as a going concern.[1]
On March 2, 2009, Canadian telecommunications firm Bell Canada announced it would acquire The Source and continue to operate it as an independent division. The acquisition was completed July 1 for the final purchase price of $135 million US, following which the chain removed the "by Circuit City" from its name. Prior to January 2010, the stores sold mobile phone services from Bell's main competitor, Rogers Wireless: at that point, the chain began to exclusively market Bell-owned wireless (including value brand Virgin Mobile), television, and internet services.[2]
The Source continues to sell a full array of consumer electronics products,.[3][4]
Products[edit]
The Source stocks a wide array of products. Most of the products are consumer electronics, including: cellular phones, computers, computer accessories, televisions, DVD players, Blu-ray players, home theatre systems, clock radios, traditional telephones, toys, SiriusXM satellite radio, console gaming equipment, cables (such as HDMI, DVI, RCA, Component, Composite, VGA, S-VIDEO, USB, SERIAL, etc.), Bell devices, Virgin Mobile devices, Bell TV, and MP3 players, as well as a large selection of headphones including the Monster and Skullcandy headphone line-up.
The Source also carries house brand products, under brands such as Fluid, InStudio, Headrush, Kapsule (Previously known as GnarlyFish), Nexxtech, and Xtreme Gaming.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Marina Strauss, "Circuit City's The Source to remain open", globeandmail.com, January 16, 2009
Jump up ^ "Rogers turns to courts in attempt to block Glentel sale to BCE". The Globe and Mail. 17 December 2014. Retrieved 18 December 2014.
Jump up ^ Simon Avery, "Bell Canada snaps up The Source", globeandmail.com, March 2, 2009
Jump up ^ "Bell to acquire national electronics retailer The Source", March 2, 2009
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Source (retailer).
The Source
RadioShack Catalogs (1939-2005)
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2An additional 9.5% interest is held by the BCE Master Trust Fund (Bell's pension plan).
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