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Taste receptor
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Taste receptor
Taste receptors of the tongue are present in the taste buds of papillae.
Identifiers
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
A taste receptor is a type of receptor which facilitates the sensation of taste. When food or other substances enter the mouth, molecules interact with saliva and are bound to taste receptors in the oral cavity and other locations. Molecules which give a sensation of taste are considered "sapid".[1]
Taste receptors are divided into two families:[citation needed]
Type 1, sweet, first characterized in 2001:[2] TAS1R2 – TAS1R3
Type 2, bitter, first characterized in 2000:[3] TAS2R1 – TAS2R50, and TAS2R60
Combinations of these receptors in dimers or other complexes contributes to different perceptions of taste.
Visual, olfactive, “sapictive” (the perception of tastes), trigeminal (hot, cool), mechanical, all contribute to the perception of taste. Of these, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) vanilloid receptors are responsible for the perception of heat from some molecules such as capsaicin, and a CMR1 receptor is responsible for the perception of cold from molecules such as menthol, eucalyptol, and icilin.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Tissue distribution
2 Function
3 Mechanism of action
3.1 Savory or glutamates
3.2 Sweet
3.3 Bitter
3.4 Sour
3.5 Salt
3.6 Carbonation
3.7 Fat
4 Types
5 References
6 External links
Tissue distribution[edit]
The gustatory system consists of taste receptor cells in taste buds. Taste buds, in turn, are contained in structures called papillae. There are three types of papillae involved in taste: fungiform papillae, foliate papillae, and circumvallate papillae. (The fourth type - filiform papillae do not contain taste buds). Beyond the papillae, taste receptors are also in the palate and early parts of the digestive system like the larynx and upper esophagus. There are three cranial nerves that innervate the tongue; the vagus nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, and the facial nerve. The glossopharyngeal nerve and the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve innervate the TAS1R and TAS2R taste receptors.
In 2010, researchers found bitter receptors in lung tissue, which cause airways to relax when a bitter substance is encountered. They believe this mechanism is evolutionarily adaptive because it helps clear lung infections, but could also be exploited to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.[4]
Function[edit]
Taste helps to identify toxins and maintain nutrition. Five basic tastes are recognized today: salty, sweet, bitter, sour, and umami. Salty and sour taste sensations are both detected through ion channels. Sweet, bitter, and umami tastes, however, are detected by way of G protein-coupled taste receptors.[5]
In addition, some agents can function as taste modifiers, as miraculin or curculin for sweet or sterubin to mask bitter.
Mechanism of action[edit]
The standard bitter, sweet, or umami taste receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor with seven transmembrane domains. Ligand binding at the taste receptors activate second messenger cascades to depolarize the taste cell. Gustducin is the most common taste Gα subunit, having a major role in TAS2R bitter taste reception. Gustducin is a homologue for transducin, a G-protein involved in vision transduction.[6] Additionally, taste receptors share the use of the TRPM5 ion channel, as well as a phospholipase PLCβ2.[7]
Savory or glutamates[edit]
The TAS1R1+TAS1R3 heterodimer receptor functions as the savory receptor, responding to L-amino acid binding, especially L-glutamate.[2] The umami taste is most frequently associated with the food additive monosodium glutamate (MSG) and can be enhanced through the binding of inosine monophosphate (IMP) and guanosine monophosphate (GMP) molecules.[8][9] TAS1R1+3 expressing cells are found mostly in the fungiform papillae at the tip and edges of the tongue and palate taste receptor cells in the roof of the mouth.[2] These cells are shown to synapse upon the chorda tympani nerves to send their signals to the brain, although some activation of the glossopharyngeal nerve has been found.[8][10]
Sweet[edit]
The diagram above depicts the signal transduction pathway of the sweet taste. Object A is a taste bud, object B is one taste cell of the taste bud, and object C is the neuron attached to the taste cell. I. Part I shows the reception of a molecule. 1. Sugar, the first messenger, binds to a protein receptor on the cell membrane. II. Part II shows the transduction of the relay molecules. 2. G Protein-coupled receptors, second messengers, are activated. 3. G Proteins activate adenylate cyclase, an enzyme, which increases the cAMP concentration. Depolarization occurs. 4. The energy, from step 3, is given to activate the K+, potassium, protein channels.III. Part III shows the response of the taste cell. 5. Ca+, calcium, protein channels is activated.6. The increased Ca+ concentration activates neurotransmitter vesicles. 7. The neuron connected to the taste bud is stimulated by the neurotransmitters.
The TAS1R2+TAS1R3 heterodimer receptor functions as the sweet receptor by binding to a wide variety of sugars and sugar substitutes.[2][11] TAS1R2+3 expressing cells are found in circumvallate papillae and foliate papillae near the back of the tongue and palate taste receptor cells in the roof of the mouth.[2] These cells are shown to synapse upon the chorda tympani and glossopharyngeal nerves to send their signals to the brain.[5][10] The TAS1R3 homodimer also functions as a sweet receptor in much the same way as TAS1R2+3 but has decreased sensitivity to sweet substances. Natural sugars are more easily detected by the TAS1R3 receptor than sugar substitutes. This may help explain why sugar and artificial sweeteners have different tastes.[12]
Bitter[edit]
The TAS2R proteins function as bitter taste receptors.[13] There are 43 human TAS2R genes, each of which (excluding the five pseudogenes) lacks introns and codes for a GPCR protein.[5] These proteins, as opposed to TAS1R proteins, have short extracellular domains and are located in circumvallate papillae, palate, foliate papillae, and epiglottis taste buds, with reduced expression in fungiform papillae.[3][5] Though it is certain that multiple TAS2Rs are expressed in one taste receptor cell, it is still debated whether mammals can distinguish between the tastes of different bitter ligands.[3][5] Some overlap must occur, however, as there are far more bitter compounds than there are TAS2R genes. Common bitter ligands include cycloheximide, denatonium, PROP (6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil), PTC (phenylthiocarbamide), and β-glucopyranosides.[5]
Signal transduction of bitter stimuli is accomplished via the α-subunit of gustducin. This G protein subunit activates a taste phosphodiesterase and decreases cyclic nucleotide levels. Further steps in the transduction pathway are still unknown. The βγ-subunit of gustducin also mediates taste by activating IP3 (inositol triphosphate) and DAG (diglyceride). These second messengers may open gated ion channels or may cause release of internal calcium.[14] Though all TAS2Rs are located in gustducin-containing cells, knockout of gustducin does not completely abolish sensitivity to bitter compounds, suggesting a redundant mechanism for bitter tasting[7] (unsurprising given that a bitter taste generally signals the presence of a toxin).[7] One proposed mechanism for gustducin-independent bitter tasting is via ion channel interaction by specific bitter ligands, similar to the ion channel interaction which occurs in the tasting of sour and salty stimuli.[5]
One of the best-researched TAS2R proteins is TAS2R38, which contributes to the tasting of both PROP and PTC. It is also the only taste receptor whose polymorphisms are shown to be responsible for differences in taste perception. Current studies are focused on determining other such taste phenotype-determining polymorphisms.[5]
The diagram depicted above shows the signal transduction pathway of the bitter taste. Bitter taste has many different receptors and signal transduction pathways. Bitter indicates poison to animals. It is most similar to sweet. Object A is a taste bud, object B is one taste cell, and object C is a neuron attached to object B. I. Part I is the reception of a molecule.1. A bitter substance such as quinine, is consumed and binds to G Protein-coupled receptors.II. Part II is the transduction pathway 2. Gustducin, a G protein second messenger, is activated. 3. Phosphodiesterase, an enzyme, is then activated. 4. Cyclic nucleotide, cNMP, is used, lowering the concentration 5. Channels such as the K+, potassium, channels, close.III. Part III is the response of the taste cell. 6. This leads to increased levels of Ca+. 7. The neurotransmitters are activated. 8. The signal is sent to the neuron.
Sour[edit]
Historically it was thought that the sour taste was produced solely when free hydrogen ions (H+) directly depolarised taste receptors. However, specific receptors for sour taste with other methods of action are now being proposed. HCN1 and HCN4 (HCN channels) were two such proposals; both of these receptors are cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. The two ion channels suggested to contribute to sour taste are ACCN1 and TASK-1.
The diagram depicts the signal transduction pathway of the sour or salty taste. Object A is a taste bud, object B is a taste receptor cell within object A, and object C is the neuron attached to object B. I. Part I is the reception of hydrogen ions or sodium ions. 1. If the taste is sour, H+ ions, from an acidic substances, pass through their specific ion channel. Some can go through the Na+ channels. If the taste is salty Na+, sodium, molecules pass through the Na+ channels. Depolarization takes place II. Part II is the transduction pathway of the relay molecules.2. Cation, such as K+, channels are opened. III. Part III is the response of the cell. 3. An influx of Ca+ ions is activated.4. The Ca+ activates neurotransmitters. 5. A signal is sent to the neuron attached to the taste bud.
Salt[edit]
Various receptors have also been proposed for salty tastes, along with the possible taste detection of lipids, complex carbohydrates, and water. Evidence for these receptors is, however, shaky at best, and is often unconvincing in mammal studies. For example, the proposed ENaC receptor for sodium detection can only be shown to contribute to sodium taste in Drosophilia.[5]
Carbonation[edit]
An enzyme connected to the sour receptor transmits information about carbonated water.[15]
Fat[edit]
A possible taste receptor for fat, CD36, has been identified.[16] CD36 has been localized to the circumvallate and foliate papillae, which are present in taste buds,[17] and research has shown that the CD36 receptor binds long chain fatty acids.[18] Differences in the amount of CD36 expression in human subjects was associated with their ability to taste fats,[19] creating a case for the receptor's relationship to fat tasting. Further research into the CD36 receptor could be useful in determining the existence of a true fat-tasting receptor.
GPR120 and GPR40 have been implicated to respond to oral fat,[20] and their absence leads to reduced fat preference and reduced neuronal response to orally administered fatty acids.[21]
TRPM5 has been shown to be involved in oral fat response and identified as a possible oral fat receptor, but recent evidence presents it as primarily a downstream actor.[22][23]
Types[edit]
Human bitter taste receptor genes are named TAS2R1 to TAS2R64, with many gaps due to non-existent genes, pseudogenes or proposed genes that have not been annotated to the most recent human genome assembly. Many bitter taste receptor genes also have confusing synonym names with several different gene names referring to the same gene. See table below for full list of human bitter taste receptor genes:
Class
Gene
Synonyms
Aliases
Locus
Description
type 1
(sweet) TAS1R1 GPR70 1p36.23
TAS1R2 GPR71 1p36.23
TAS1R3 1p36
type 2
(bitter) TAS2R1 5p15
TAS2R2 7p21.3 pseudogene
TAS2R3 7q31.3-q32
TAS2R4 7q31.3-q32
TAS2R5 7q31.3-q32
TAS2R6 7 not annotated in human genome assembly
TAS2R7 12p13
TAS2R8 12p13
TAS2R9 12p13
TAS2R10 12p13
TAS2R11 absent in humans
TAS2R12 TAS2R26 12p13.2 pseudogene
TAS2R13 12p13
TAS2R14 12p13
TAS2R15 12p13.2 pseudogene
TAS2R16 7q31.1-q31.3
TAS2R17 absent in humans
TAS2R18 12p13.2 pseudogene
TAS2R19 TAS2R23, TAS2R48 12p13.2
TAS2R20 TAS2R49 12p13.2
TAS2R21 absent in humans
TAS2R22 12 not annotated in human genome assembly
TAS2R24 absent in humans
TAS2R25 absent in humans
TAS2R27 absent in humans
TAS2R28 absent in humans
TAS2R29 absent in humans
TAS2R30 TAS2R47 12p13.2
TAS2R31 TAS2R44 12p13.2
TAS2R32 absent in humans
TAS2R33 12 not annotated in human genome assembly
TAS2R34 absent in humans
TAS2R35 absent in humans
TAS2R36 12 not annotated in human genome assembly
TAS2R37 12 not annotated in human genome assembly
TAS2R38 7q34
TAS2R39 7q34
TAS2R40 GPR60 7q34
TAS2R41 7q34
TAS2R42 12p13
TAS2R43 12p13.2
TAS2R45 GPR59 12
TAS2R46 12p13.2
TAS2R50 TAS2R51 12p13.2
TAS2R52 absent in humans
TAS2R53 absent in humans
TAS2R54 absent in humans
TAS2R55 absent in humans
TAS2R56 absent in humans
TAS2R57 absent in humans
TAS2R58 absent in humans
TAS2R59 absent in humans
TAS2R60 7
TAS2R62P 7q34 pseudogene
TAS2R63P 12p13.2 pseudogene
TAS2R64P 12p13.2 pseudogene
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b This, Hervé (2012). "The Science of the Oven - Excerpt from Chapter 1". Retrieved 30 Apr 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Nelson G, Hoon MA, Chandrashekar J, Zhang Y, Ryba NJ, Zuker CS (Aug 2001). "Mammalian sweet taste receptors". Cell. 106 (3): 381–90. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00451-2. PMID 11509186.
^ Jump up to: a b c Adler E, Hoon MA, Mueller KL, Chandrashekar J, Ryba NJ, Zuker CS (Mar 2000). "A novel family of mammalian taste receptors". Cell. 100 (6): 693–702. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80705-9. PMID 10761934.
Jump up ^ Deshpande DA, Wang WC, McIlmoyle EL, Robinett KS, Schillinger RM, An SS, Sham JS, Liggett SB (Nov 2010). "Bitter taste receptors on airway smooth muscle bronchodilate by localized calcium signaling and reverse obstruction". Nature Medicine. 16 (11): 1299–304. doi:10.1038/nm.2237. PMC 3066567  . PMID 20972434.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Bachmanov AA, Beauchamp GK (2007). "Taste receptor genes". Annual Review of Nutrition. 27: 389–414. doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.26.061505.111329. PMC 2721271  . PMID 17444812.
Jump up ^ Sainz E, Cavenagh MM, LopezJimenez ND, Gutierrez JC, Battey JF, Northup JK, Sullivan SL (Jun 2007). "The G-protein coupling properties of the human sweet and amino acid taste receptors". Developmental Neurobiology. 67 (7): 948–59. doi:10.1002/dneu.20403. PMID 17506496.
^ Jump up to: a b c Zhang Y, Hoon MA, Chandrashekar J, Mueller KL, Cook B, Wu D, Zuker CS, Ryba NJ (Feb 2003). "Coding of sweet, bitter, and umami tastes: different receptor cells sharing similar signaling pathways". Cell. 112 (3): 293–301. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00071-0. PMID 12581520.
^ Jump up to: a b Nelson G, Chandrashekar J, Hoon MA, Feng L, Zhao G, Ryba NJ, Zuker CS (Mar 2002). "An amino-acid taste receptor". Nature. 416 (6877): 199–202. doi:10.1038/nature726. PMID 11894099.
Jump up ^ Delay ER, Beaver AJ, Wagner KA, Stapleton JR, Harbaugh JO, Catron KD, Roper SD (Oct 2000). "Taste preference synergy between glutamate receptor agonists and inosine monophosphate in rats". Chemical Senses. 25 (5): 507–15. doi:10.1093/chemse/25.5.507. PMID 11015322.
^ Jump up to: a b Danilova V, Hellekant G (Mar 2003). "Comparison of the responses of the chorda tympani and glossopharyngeal nerves to taste stimuli in C57BL/6J mice". BMC Neuroscience. 4: 5. doi:10.1186/1471-2202-4-5. PMC 153500  . PMID 12617752.
Jump up ^ Li X, Staszewski L, Xu H, Durick K, Zoller M, Adler E (Apr 2002). "Human receptors for sweet and umami taste". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99 (7): 4692–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.072090199. PMC 123709  . PMID 11917125.
Jump up ^ Zhao GQ, Zhang Y, Hoon MA, Chandrashekar J, Erlenbach I, Ryba NJ, Zuker CS (Oct 2003). "The receptors for mammalian sweet and umami taste". Cell. 115 (3): 255–66. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00844-4. PMID 14636554.
Jump up ^ Chandrashekar J, Mueller KL, Hoon MA, Adler E, Feng L, Guo W, Zuker CS, Ryba NJ (Mar 2000). "T2Rs function as bitter taste receptors". Cell. 100 (6): 703–11. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80706-0. PMID 10761935.
Jump up ^ Margolskee RF (Jan 2002). "Molecular mechanisms of bitter and sweet taste transduction". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (1): 1–4. doi:10.1074/jbc.R100054200. PMID 11696554.
Jump up ^ http://www.nih.gov/news/health/oct2009/nidcr-15.htm
Jump up ^ Laugerette F, Passilly-Degrace P, Patris B, Niot I, Febbraio M, Montmayeur JP, Besnard P (Nov 2005). "CD36 involvement in orosensory detection of dietary lipids, spontaneous fat preference, and digestive secretions". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 115 (11): 3177–84. doi:10.1172/JCI25299. PMC 1265871  . PMID 16276419.
Jump up ^ Simons PJ, Kummer JA, Luiken JJ, Boon L (Dec 2011). "Apical CD36 immunolocalization in human and porcine taste buds from circumvallate and foliate papillae". Acta Histochemica. 113 (8): 839–43. doi:10.1016/j.acthis.2010.08.006. PMID 20950842.
Jump up ^ Baillie AG, Coburn CT, Abumrad NA (Sep 1996). "Reversible binding of long-chain fatty acids to purified FAT, the adipose CD36 homolog". The Journal of Membrane Biology. 153 (1): 75–81. doi:10.1007/s002329900111. PMID 8694909.
Jump up ^ Pepino MY, Love-Gregory L, Klein S, Abumrad NA (Mar 2012). "The fatty acid translocase gene CD36 and lingual lipase influence oral sensitivity to fat in obese subjects". Journal of Lipid Research. 53 (3): 561–6. doi:10.1194/jlr.M021873. PMC 3276480  . PMID 22210925.
Jump up ^ DiPatrizio NV (Sep 2014). "Is fat taste ready for primetime?". Physiology & Behavior. 136: 145–54. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.03.002. PMC 4162865  . PMID 24631296.
Jump up ^ Cartoni C, Yasumatsu K, Ohkuri T, Shigemura N, Yoshida R, Godinot N, le Coutre J, Ninomiya Y, Damak S (Jun 2010). "Taste preference for fatty acids is mediated by GPR40 and GPR120". The Journal of Neuroscience. 30 (25): 8376–82. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0496-10.2010. PMID 20573884.
Jump up ^ Mattes RD (Sep 2011). "Accumulating evidence supports a taste component for free fatty acids in humans". Physiology & Behavior. 104 (4): 624–31. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.05.002. PMC 3139746  . PMID 21557960.
Jump up ^ Liu P, Shah BP, Croasdell S, Gilbertson TA (Jun 2011). "Transient receptor potential channel type M5 is essential for fat taste". The Journal of Neuroscience. 31 (23): 8634–42. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6273-10.2011. PMC 3125678  . PMID 21653867.
External links[edit]
Neuroscience portal
Adler E, Hoon MA, Mueller KL, Chandrashekar J, Ryba JP, Zucker CS, Patton A (2000). "A Novel Family of Mammalian Taste Receptors - An Investigative Review". Davidson College Biology Department. Retrieved 2008-08-11.
taste receptors, type 1 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
taste receptors, type 2 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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Cell surface receptor: G protein–coupled receptors
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Class C: Metabotropic glutamate / pheromone
Taste
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text:
2008 Under-19 Cricket World Cup
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
2008 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup
Administrator(s)
International Cricket Council
Cricket format
One Day International
Tournament format(s)
Round-robin and Knockout
Host(s)
Malaysia
Champions
India (2nd title)
Runners-up
South Africa
Participants
16
Matches played
44
Player of the series
Tim Southee
Most runs
Tanmay Srivastava (262)
Most wickets
Wayne Parnell (18)
← 2006
2010 →
Cricket portal
The 2008 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup was held in Malaysia from 17 February 2008 to 2 March 2008. The opening ceremony took place on 15 February 2008. The final was played between South Africa and India, which India won by 12 runs by D/L Method.
Contents
[hide]
1 Venues
1.1 Kuala Lumpur
1.2 Johor
1.3 Penang
2 Squads
3 Groups
4 Group stage
4.1 Group A
4.2 Group B
4.3 Group C
4.4 Group D
5 Quarter-Finals
5.1 Super Quarter-Finals
5.2 Plate Quarter-Finals
6 Semi-Finals
6.1 Super Semi-Finals
6.2 5th Place Semi-Finals
6.3 Plate Semi-Finals
6.4 13th Place Semi-Finals
7 Finals
7.1 13th Place Final
7.2 Plate Final
7.3 5th Place Final
7.4 Final
8 Final standings
9 External links
Venues[edit]
The matches took place at three locations, Kuala Lumpur, Johor and Penang. The respective venues were
Kuala Lumpur[edit]
Kinrara Academy Oval
Royal Selangor Club
Bayuemas Oval
Johor[edit]
Johor Cricket Academy
Maktab Perguruan Temenggong Ibrahim
Penang[edit]
Penang Sports Club
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Squads[edit]
Main article: 2008 Under-19 Cricket World Cup squads
Groups[edit]
The league stage of the tournament consisted of four groups of four teams each. Each team would play once with every team in the group. The groups would be stationed at their respective venues for the group stage. The figures in brackets indicate respective seedings.
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Pakistan (1)
Zimbabwe (8)
New Zealand (9)
Malaysia (16)
India (2)
West Indies (7)
South Africa (10)
Papua New Guinea (15)
Australia (3)
Sri Lanka (6)
Nepal (11)
Namibia (14)
England (4)
Bangladesh (5)
Bermuda (12)
Ireland (13)
Johor
Kuala Lumpur
Penang
Kuala Lumpur
Group stage[edit]
Group A[edit]
All matches start at 0200 UTC.
Team
Pts
Pld
W
T
L
NR
NRR
Pakistan 6 3 3 0 0 0 +1.765
New Zealand 4 3 2 0 1 0 +1.407
Malaysia 2 3 1 0 2 0 −1.403
Zimbabwe 0 3 0 0 3 0 −1.700
17 February
(scorecard)
Malaysia
75 all out (24.4 overs)
v
Pakistan
76/2 (9.3 overs)
Nik Azril Arifin 28 (43)
Adil Raza 6/29 (10 overs)
Umar Amin 31 (25)
Sarath Ananthasivam 1/13 (2 overs)
Pakistan won by 8 wickets
Johor Cricket Academy, Johor
Umpires: Marais Erasmus & GA Pratapkumar
Player of the match: Adil Raza
18 February
(scorecard)
New Zealand
221/8 (50 overs)
v
Zimbabwe
123 all out (42.4 overs)
Corey Anderson 82 (95)
Prince Masvaure 3/37 (10 overs)
Daniel Landman 51 (72)
Tim Southee 5/11 (8.4 overs)
New Zealand won by 98 runs
Johor Cricket Academy, Johor
Umpires: Lakani Oala & GA Pratapkumar
Player of the match: Corey Anderson
19 February
(scorecard)
Pakistan
156 all out (47.1 overs)
v
New Zealand
129 all out (47.2 overs)
Usman Salahuddin 53 (95)
Trent Boult 2/21 (8 overs)
Harry Boam 38 (97)
Ahmed Shehzad 3/35 (10 overs)
Pakistan won by 27 runs
MPTI, Johor
Umpires: Clyde Duncan and Lakani Oala
Player of the match: Usman Salahuddin
20 February
(scorecard)
Malaysia
194/8 (50 overs)
v
Zimbabwe
124 all out (38.4 overs)
Ahmed Faiz 50 (77)
Daniel Landman 3/34 (10 overs)
Tendai Mashonganyika 24 (42)
Shahid Ali Khan 3/41 (8.4 overs)
Malaysia won by 70 runs
MPTI, Johor
Umpires: Clyde Duncan and Marais Erasmus
Player of the match: Shahid Ali Khan
21 February
(scorecard)
Malaysia
47 all out (17.1 overs)
v
New Zealand
48/2 (11.1 overs)
Faizal Abu Hasan 9 (34)
Trent Boult 7/20 (8.1 overs)
Kane Williamson 27 (37)
Saravanan Raj 2/15 (4 overs)
New Zealand won by 8 wickets
Johor Cricket Academy, Johor
Umpires: Marais Erasmus and GA Pratapkumar
Player of the match: Trent Boult
22 February
(scorecard)
Pakistan
173/8 (50 overs)
v
Zimbabwe
86 all out (29 overs)
Ali Asad 76* (124)
Kyle Jarvis 3/40 (9 overs)
Justin Gaisford 18 (53)
Mohammed Rameez 3/26 (7 overs)
Pakistan won by 87 runs
MPTI, Johor
Umpires: Clyde Duncan and Lakani Oala
Player of the match: Ali Asad
Group B[edit]
All matches started at 0200 UTC.
Team
Pts
Pld
W
T
L
NR
NRR
India 6 3 3 0 0 0 +2.132
South Africa 4 3 2 0 1 0 +1.066
West Indies 2 3 1 0 2 0 +0.653
Papua New Guinea 0 3 0 0 3 0 −3.959
17 February
(scorecard)
India
254/4 (50 overs)
v
Papua New Guinea
84 all out (27.5 overs)
Tanmay Srivastava 83 (76)
John Reva 1/25 (4 overs)
Alfred Amini 26 (52)
Iqbal Abdulla 3/2 (3 overs)
India win by 195 runs
Kinrara Academy Oval, Kuala Lumpur
Umpires: Sarika Prasad and Ian Robinson
Player of the match: Tanmay Srivastava
18 February
(scorecard)
West Indies
222/8 (50 overs)
v
South Africa
223/7 (43.5 overs)
Kieran Powell 53 (50)
Obus Pienaar 3/36 (10 overs)
Riley Rossouw 58* (74)
Sharmarh Brooks 4/39 (9 overs)
South Africa win by 3 wickets
Kinrara Academy Oval, Kuala Lumpur
Umpires: Gary Baxter and Zameer Haider
Player of the match: Riley Rossouw
19 February
(scorecard)
South Africa
149 all out (30.1 overs)
v
India
153/4 (42 overs)
Jonathan Vandiar 53 (45)
Pradeep Sangwan 5/44 (10 overs)
Taruwar Kohli 54 (117)
Wayne Parnell 2/27 (8 overs)
India won by 6 wickets
Kinrara Academy Oval, Kuala Lumpur
Umpires: Gary Baxter and Sarika Prasad
Player of the match: Pradeep Sangwan
20 February
(scorecard)
West Indies
319 all out (49.4 overs)
v
Papua New Guinea
143 all out (37.1 overs)
Steven Jacobs 101 (86)
Loa Nou 4/63 (9.4 overs)
Tony Ura 32 (21)
Jason Dowes 4/25 (8 overs)
West Indies won by 176 runs
Royal Selangor Club, Kuala Lumpur
Umpires: Ian Robinson and Zameer Haider
Player of the match: Steven Jacobs
21 February
(scorecard)
Papua New Guinea
125 all out (45 overs)
v
South Africa
128/3 (15.1 overs)
Tanti Heni 35 (70)
Jonathan Vandiar 4/27 (10 overs)
Pieter Malan 56 (46)
Willie Gavera 2/33 (4 overs)
South Africa won by 7 wickets
Kinrara Academy Oval, Kuala Lumpur
Umpires: Sarika Prasad and Ian Robinson
Player of the match: Jonathan Vandiar
22 February
(scorecard)
India
264/8 (50 overs)
v
West Indies
205 all out (47.5 overs)
Virat Kohli 106 (108)
Dawnley Grant 2/56 (10 overs)
Darren Bravo 43 (68)
Siddarth Kaul 3/37 (8 overs)
India won by 59 runs
Kinrara Academy Oval, Kuala Lumpur
Umpires: Gary Baxter and Zameer Haider
Player of the match: Virat Kohli
Group C[edit]
All matches start at 0200 UTC.
Team
Pts
Pld
W
T
L
NR
NRR
Sri Lanka 6 3 3 0 0 0 +1.912
Australia 4 3 2 0 1 0 +1.342
Nepal 2 3 1 0 2 0 −1.027
Namibia 0 3 0 0 3 0 −2.100
17 February
(scorecard)
Australia
312 all out (48 overs)
v
Namibia
163 all out (31 overs)
Michael Hill 124 (71)
Ashley van Rooi 3/25 (5 overs)
Dawid Botha 56 (46)
Steve Smith 4/41 (7 overs)
Australia win by 149 runs
Penang Sports Club, Penang
Umpires: Paul Baldwin and Peter Hartley
Player of the match: Michael Hill
18 February
(scorecard)
Sri Lanka
236/9 (50 overs)
v
Nepal
175 all out (48.5 overs)
Sachith Pathirana 62 (60)
Amrit Bhattarai 4/42 (10)
Mahesh Chhetri 39 (69)
Sachith Pathirana 3/32 (10)
Sri Lanka win by 61 runs
Penang Sports Club, Penang
Umpires: Roger Dill and Peter Hartley
19 February
(scorecard)
Australia
206 all out (49.3 overs)
v
Nepal
110 all out (32.1 overs)
Phillip Hughes 46 (94)
Paras Khadka 4/32 (9.3 overs)
Rahul Vishwakarma 33* (47)
Clive Rose 3/21 (9 overs)
Australia won by 96 runs
Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang
Umpires: Roger Dill and Enamul Haque
Player of the match: James Pattison
20 February
(scorecard)
Sri Lanka
247/7 (50 overs)
v
Namibia
84 all out (32.4 overs)
Lahiru Thirimanne 68 (84)
Bernard Scholtz 2/32 (10 overs)
Dawid Botha 17 (27)
Sachith Pathirana 4/31 (10 overs)
Sri Lanka won by 163 runs
Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang
Umpires: Paul Baldwin and Enamul Haque
Player of the match: Lahiru Thirimanne
21 February
(scorecard)
Nepal
164 all out (49.5 overs)
v
Namibia
161 all out (49 overs)
Mahesh Chhetri 62 (133)
Louis van der Westhuizen 2/17 (10 overs)
Louis van der Westhuizen 65 (75)
Gyanendra Malla 2/3 (2 overs)
Nepal won by 3 runs
Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang
Umpires: Paul Baldwin and Peter Hartley
Player of the match: Mahesh Chhetri
22 February
(scorecard)
Australia
172 all out (49.3 overs)
v
Sri Lanka
175/5 (37.3 overs)
Steve Smith 36 (61)
Navin Kavikara 3/20 (10 overs)
Dilshan Munaweera 43 (42)
Clive Rose 2/23 (8.3 overs)
Sri Lanka won by 5 wickets
Penang Sports Club, Penang
Umpires: Roger Dill and Enamul Haque
Player of the match: Dinesh Chandimal
Group D[edit]
All matches start at 0200 UTC.
Team
Pts
Pld
W
T
L
NR
NRR
Bangladesh 6 3 3 0 0 0 +2.078
England 4 3 2 0 1 0 +1.861
Bermuda 2 3 1 0 2 0 −2.285
Ireland 0 3 0 0 3 0 −2.264

17 February
(scorecard)
Ireland
109 (31.2 overs)
v
England
110/0 (15.5 overs)
Christopher Dougherty 34 (64)
Steven Finn 3/21 (8 overs)
James Taylor 52* (63)
Ben Ackland 0/12 (1.5 overs)
England win by 10 wickets
Bayueams Oval, Kuala Lumpur
Umpires: Steve Davis and Jeff Luck
Player of the match: Steven Finn
18 February
(scorecard)
Bangladesh
260/8 (50 overs)
v
Bermuda
82 (26.2 overs)
Nasir Hossain 84 (95)
Malachi Jones 2/64 (10 overs)
Rodney Trott 20 (37)
Suhrawadi Shuvo 4/9 (7.2 overs)
Bangladesh win by 178 runs
Bayueams Oval, Kuala Lumpur
Umpires: Steve Davis and Tyron Wijewardene
Player of the match: Nasir Hossain
19 February
(scorecard)
England
56/0 (10.4 overs)
v
Bermuda
55 all out (28.5 overs)
James Taylor 43(52)
Chris Douglas 21(35)
Liam Dawson 3/15 (7 overs)
England won by 10 wickets
Royal Selangor Club, Kuala Lumpur
Umpires: Buddhi Pradhan and Tyron Wijewardene
Player of the match: Liam Dawson
20 February
(scorecard)
Ireland
123 all out (43.4 overs)
v
Bangladesh
124/2 (22.3 overs)
James Shannon 31 (73)
Mahmudul Hasan 4/17 (6.4 overs)
Ashraful Hossain 71* (79)
James Hall 1/8 (5 overs)
Bangladesh won by 8 wickets
Bayueams Oval, Kuala Lumpur
Umpires: Jeff Luck and Buddhi Pradhan
Player of the match: Mahmudul Hasan
21 February
(scorecard)
Bermuda
221/9 (50 overs)
v
Ireland
201 all out (48.4 overs)
Rodney Trott 64 (94)
James Hall 3/44 (10 overs)
Christopher Dougherty 70 (108)
Chris Douglas 5/40 (10 overs)
Bermuda won by 20 runs
Royal Selangor Club, Kuala Lumpur
Umpires: Steve Davis and Jeff Luck
Player of the match: Chris Douglas
22 February
(scorecard)
Bangladesh
149 all out (42 overs)
v
England
136 all out (47.4 overs)
Suhrawadi Shuvo 56* (96)
James Harris 5/29 (10 overs)
Dan Redfern 26 (66)
Mahmadul Hasan 2/16 (10 overs)
Bangladesh won by 13 runs
Royal Selangor Club, Kuala Lumpur
Umpires: Buddhi Pradhan and Tyron Wijewardene
Player of the match: Suhrawadi Shuvo
Quarter-Finals[edit]
Super Quarter-Finals[edit]
24 February
(scorecard)
England
146 all out (46 overs)
v
India
149/3 (39.1 overs)
James Taylor 41 (88)
Iqbal Abdulla 3/29 (9 overs)
Taruwar Kohli 63* (111)
Tom Westley 2/30 (6 overs)
India won by 7 wickets
Kinrara Academy Oval, Kuala Lumpur
Umpires: Gary Baxter and Marais Erasmus
Player of the match: Taruwar Kohli
24 February
(scorecard)
South Africa
242 all out (50 overs)
v
Bangladesh
41 all out (11.4 overs)
Wayne Parnell 57 (49)
Subashis Roy 2/31 (10 overs)
Nasir Hossain 17 (20)
Wayne Parnell 6/8 (5 overs)
South Africa won by 201 runs
Bayuemas Oval, Kuala Lumpur
Umpires: GA Pratapkumar and Zameer Haider
Player of the match: Wayne Parnell
25 February
(scorecard)
New Zealand
213 all out (49.5 overs)
v
Sri Lanka
134 all out (42.1 overs)
George Worker 47 (94)
Roshen Silva 3/39 (10 overs)
Sachith Pathirana 42 (63)
Nick Beard 3/15 (6 overs)
New Zealand won by 79 runs
Royal Selangor Club, Kuala Lumpur
Umpires: Enamul Haque and Ian Robinson (cricket umpire)
Player of the match: Tim Southee
25 February
(scorecard)
Australia
129 all out (47.2 overs)
v
Pakistan
130/4 (27.5 overs)
James Pattinson 34* (57)
Adil Raza 3/26 (8 overs)
Ali Asad 63*
Josh Hazlewood 2/31 (5.5 overs)
Pakistan won by 6 wickets
Kinrara Academy Oval, Kuala Lumpur
Umpires: Peter Hartley and Tyron Wijewardene
Player of the match: Ali Asad
Plate Quarter-Finals[edit]
24 February
(scorecard)
Malaysia
144 all out (47.2 overs)
v
Namibia
147/1 (31.1 overs)
Ahmed Faiz 41 (60)
Keady Strauss 3/15 (6.2 overs)
Raymond van Schoor 60* (96)
Sharul Nizam 1/32 (10 overs)
Namibia won by 9 wickets
Johor Cricket Academy Oval, Johor
Umpires: Paul Baldwin and Buddhi Pradhan
Player of the match: Dawid Botha
24 February
(scorecard)
Nepal
158 all out (45.1 overs)
v
Zimbabwe
59 all out (27.2 overs)
Puspa Thapa 40 (48)
Stewart Matsika 3/34 (10 overs)
Tinashe Chimbambo 20 (34)
Amrit Bhattarai 3/14 (8 overs)
Nepal won by 99 runs
Institute Perguruan Temenggong Ibramhim, Johor
Umpires: Clyde Duncan and Lakani Oala
Player of the match: Paras Khadka
25 February
(scorecard)
Ireland
154/9 (50 overs)
v
West Indies
158/3 (23.1overs)
James Hall 45 (112)
Steven Jacobs 3/18 (10 overs)
Kieran Powell 50 (46)
Greg Thompson 2/51 (6 overs)
West Indies won by 7 wickets
Institute Perguruan Temenggong Ibramhim, Johor
Umpires: Steve Davis (umpire) and Roger Dill
Player of the match: Steven Jacobs
25 February
(scorecard)
Bermuda
102 all out (34.2 overs)
v
Papua New Guinea
108/3 (18.4 overs)
Rodney Trott 23 (45)
Joel Tom 3/26 (8 overs)
Tony Ura 76 (55)
Rodney Trott 1/24 (5 overs)
Papua New Guinea won by 7 wickets
Johor Cricket Academy Oval, Johor
Umpires: Jeff Luck and Sarika Prasad
Player of the match: Tony Ura
Semi-Finals[edit]
Super Semi-Finals[edit]
27 February
(scorecard)
New Zealand
205/8 (50 overs)
v
India
191/7 (41.3 overs)
Corey Anderson 70 (67)
Virat Kohli 2/27 (7 overs)
Shreevats Goswami 51 (76)
Tim Southee 4/29 (9 overs)
India won by 3 wickets (D/L Method)
Kinrara Academy Oval, Kuala Lumpur
Umpires: Marais Erasmus and Peter Hartley
Player of the match: Virat Kohli
29 February and 1 March
(scorecard)
South Africa
260/8 (50 overs)
v
Pakistan
153 all out (39.3 overs)
JJ Smuts 58 (63)
Imad Wasim 3/44 (10 overs)
Ahmed Shehzad 60 (85)
Yaseen Vallie 4/25 (8.3 overs)
South Africa won by 98 runs (D/L Method)
Kinrara Academy Oval, Kuala Lumpur
Umpires: Steve Davis (umpire) and Tyron Wijewardene
Player of the match: Yaseen Vallie
5th Place Semi-Finals[edit]
27 February
(scorecard)
Sri Lanka
241/4 (50 overs)
v
England
204/3 (44.1 overs)
Sachith Pathirana 97 (91)
Tom Westley 2/38 (9 overs)
Tom Westley 58 (77)
Roshen Silva 2/38 (7 overs)
England won by 8 runs (D/L Method)
Royal Selangor Club, Kuala Lumpur
Umpires: Gary Buxter and GA Pratapkumar
Player of the match: Tom Westley
28 February
(scorecard)
Bangladesh
115 all out (41.2 overs)
v
Australia
18/0 (6 overs)
Amit Majumder 43 (79)
Clive Rose 2/18 (10 overs)
Kirk Pascoe 4 (15)
No Result
Bayuemas Oval, Kuala Lumpur
Umpires: Ian Robinson and Zameer Haider
Plate Semi-Finals[edit]
26 February
(scorecard)
Nepal
143/8 (34 overs)
v
Namibia
139/9 (34 overs)
Paras Khadka 44 (63)
Sean Silver 3/20 (5 overs)
Raymond van Schoor 48 (73)
Raj Shrestha 2/23 (6 overs)
Nepal won by 4 runs
Johor Cricket Academy Oval, Johor
Umpires: Paul Baldwin and Sarika Prasad
Player of the match: Paras Khadka
27 February
(scorecard)
Papua New Guinea
89 all out (36.5 overs)
v
West Indies
90/4 (15.3 overs)
John Reva 14 (36)
Sharmarh Brooks 2/9 (7 overs)
Kieran Powell 37 (37)
Loa Nou 2/8 (3.3 overs)
West Indies won by 6 wickets
Institute Perguruan Temenggong Ibrahim, Johor
Umpires: Roger Dill and Jeff Luck
Player of the match: Sharmarh Brooks
13th Place Semi-Finals[edit]
26 February
(scorecard)
Zimbabwe
186/6 (34 overs)
v
Malaysia
142 all out (28.5 overs)
Daniel Landman 45 (22)
Nik Azril Arafin 2/23 (7 overs)
Aminuddin Ramly 70 (67)
Edzai Jaure 3/39 (7 overs)
Zimbabwe won by 44 runs
Institute Perguruan Temenggong Ibrahim, Johor
Umpires: Clyde Duncan and Buddhi Pradhan
Player of the match: Daniel Landman
29 February
(scorecard)
Ireland
236/7 (50 overs)
v
Bermuda
167 all out (48.1 overs)
James Hall 75 (82)
Rodney Trott 4/37 (10 overs)
Rodney Trott 53 (73)
Greg Thompson 5/26 (10 overs)
Ireland won by 69 runs
Johor Cricket Academy Oval, Johor
Umpires: Lakani Oala and Sarika Prasad
Player of the match: Greg Thompson
Finals[edit]
13th Place Final[edit]
1 March
(scorecard)
Zimbabwe
99/9 (27 overs)
v
Ireland
100/4 (23.2 overs)
Reginald Nehonde 43 (61)
Andrew Britton 4/14 (6 overs)
James Hall 32 (29)
Stewart Matsika 2/14 (5 overs)
Ireland won by 6 wickets
Johor Cricket Academy Oval, Johor
Umpires: Jeff Luck and Buddhi Pradhan
Player of the match: Andrew Britton
Plate Final[edit]
1 March
(scorecard)
Nepal
74 all out (25.3 overs)
v
West Indies
78/3 (14.2 overs)
Sagar Khadka 17 (55)
Jason Dawes 4/18 (6 overs)
Darren Bravo 24 (15)
Amrit Bhattarai 2/25 (6 overs)
West Indies won by 7 wickets
Bayuemas Oval, Kuala Lumpur
Umpires: Paul Baldwin and GA Pratapkumar
Player of the match: Jason Dawes
5th Place Final[edit]
1 March
(scorecard)
Australia
106/7 (24 overs)
v
England
47/2 10.5 overs)
Kirk Pascoe 55 (67)
James Harris 2/8 (5 overs)
Billy Godleman 20 (19)
Clive Rose 1/4 (1.5 overs)
No Result ( England won the 5th place play-off)
Royal Selangor Club, Kuala Lumpur
Umpires: Clyde Duncan and Zameer Haider
Final[edit]
2 March
(scorecard)
India
159 all out (45.4 overs)
v
South Africa
103/8 (25 overs)
Tanmay Srivastava 46 (74)
Wayne Parnell 2/21 (7.4 overs)
Reeza Hendricks 35 (43)
Ajitesh Argal 2/7 (5 overs)
India won by 12 runs (D/L Method)
Kinrara Academy Oval, Kuala Lumpur
Umpires: Gary Baxter and Peter Hartley
Player of the match: Ajitesh Argal
Final standings[edit]
Position
Team
1 India
2 South Africa
3 Pakistan
4 New Zealand
5 England
6 Australia
7 Bangladesh
8 Sri Lanka
9 West Indies
10 Nepal
11 Namibia
12 Papua New Guinea
13 Ireland
14 Zimbabwe
15 Malaysia
16 Bermuda
External links[edit]
Official Site
Cricinfo U/19 Cricket World Cup 2008
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Tournaments
Australia 1988
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Rapper's Delight
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"Rapper's Delight"
Single by The Sugarhill Gang
from the album Sugarhill Gang
Released
September 16, 1979[1]
Format
12"
Recorded
August 2, 1979
Genre
Old-school hip hop, disco, funk
Length
3:55 (single version)
6:30 (12" short version)
14:35 (album version)
Label
Sugar Hill
Songwriter(s)
The Sugarhill Gang, Sylvia Robinson, Nile Rodgers, Bernard Edwards, Grandmaster Caz
Producer(s)
Sylvia Robinson
The Sugarhill Gang singles chronology
"Rapper's Delight"
(1979) "8th Wonder"
(1980)
"Rapper's Delight"
(1979) "8th Wonder"
(1980)
"Rapper's Delight"
30 second sample of "Rapper's Delight" from Sugarhill Gang
Problems playing this file? See media help.
"Rapper's Delight" is a 1979 hip hop track by the Sugarhill Gang and produced by Sylvia Robinson. While it was not the first single to include rapping, "Rapper's Delight" is credited for introducing hip hop music to a wide audience. It was a prototype for various types of rap music, incorporating themes such as boasting, dance, honesty and sex, with the charisma and enthusiasm of James Brown. The track also used samples from Chic's "Good Times", resulting in band members Nile Rodgers and Bernard Edwards suing Sugar Hill Records for copyright infringement; a settlement was reached that gave the two songwriter credits.
"Rapper's Delight" is number 251 on the Rolling Stone magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time and number 2 on VH1's 100 Greatest Hip-Hop Songs. It is also included in NPR's list of the 100 most important American musical works of the 20th century. It was preserved into the National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress in 2011.[2] Songs on the National Recording Registry are "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."[3]
The song was recorded in a single take.[4] There are three versions of the original version of the song: 14:35 (12" long version), 6:30 (12" short version), and 3:55 (7" shortened single version).
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Personnel
3 History
4 In popular culture
5 Charts and certifications
5.1 Weekly charts
5.2 Year-end charts
5.3 Certifications and sales
5.4 Chart succession
6 References
7 External links
Background[edit]
In late 1978, Debbie Harry suggested that Chic's Nile Rodgers join her and Chris Stein at a hip hop event, which at the time was a communal space taken over by teenagers with boombox stereos playing various pieces of music that performers would break dance to. Rodgers experienced this event the first time himself at a high school in the Bronx. On September 20 and 21, 1979, Blondie and Chic were playing concerts with The Clash in New York at The Palladium. When Chic started playing "Good Times", rapper Fab Five Freddy and the members of the Sugarhill Gang ("Big Bank Hank" Jackson, Mike Wright, and "Master Gee" O'Brien), jumped up on stage and started freestyling with the band. A few weeks later Rodgers was on the dance floor of New York club Leviticus and heard the DJ play a song which opened with Bernard Edwards's bass line from Chic's "Good Times". Rodgers approached the DJ who said he was playing a record he had just bought that day in Harlem. The song turned out to be an early version of "Rapper's Delight", which also included a scratched version of the song's string section. Rodgers and Edwards immediately threatened legal action over copyright, which resulted in a settlement and their being credited as co-writers.[5] Rodgers admitted that he was originally upset with the song, but later declared it to be "one of his favorite songs of all time" and his favorite of all the tracks that sampled (or in this instance interpolated) Chic.[6][better source needed] He also stated: "As innovative and important as 'Good Times' was, 'Rapper's Delight' was just as much, if not more so."[7]
A substantial portion of the early stanzas of the song's lyrics was borrowed by Jackson from Grandmaster Caz (Curtis Fisher) who had loaned his 'book' to him—these include a namecheck for "Casanova Fly", which was Caz's full stage name.[8] According to Wonder Mike, he had heard the phrase "hip-hop" from a cousin, leading to the opening line of "Hip-hop, hippie to the hippie, to the hip-hip-hop and you don't stop", whilst he described "To the bang-bang boogie, say up jump the boogie to the rhythm of the boogie, the beat" as "basically a spoken drum roll. I liked the percussive sound of the letter B". The line "Now what you hear is not a test, I'm rappin' to the beat", was inspired by the introduction to The Outer Limits ("There is nothing wrong with your television set. Do not attempt to adjust the picture").[9]
Before the "Good Times" background starts, the intro to the recording is an interpolation of "Here Comes That Sound Again" by British studio group Love De-Luxe, a dance hit in 1979.[9]
According to Oliver Wang, author of the 2003 Classic Material: The Hip-Hop Album Guide, recording artist ("Pillow Talk") and studio owner Sylvia Robinson had trouble finding anyone willing to record a rap song. Most of the rappers who performed in clubs did not want to record, as many practitioners believed the style was for live performances only. It is said that Robinson's son heard Big Bank Hank in a pizza place.[citation needed] According to Master Gee, Hank auditioned for Robinson in front of the pizza parlour where he worked, whilst Gee himself auditioned in Robinson's car.[9] A live band was used to record most of the backing track, including members of the group "Positive Force": Albert Pittman, Bernard Roland, Moncy Smith, and Bryan Horton.[10][11][9]
Chip Shearin claimed in a 2010 interview that he was the bass player on the track. When aged 17, he was visiting a friend in New Jersey. The friend knew Robinson, who needed some musicians for various recordings, including "Rapper's Delight". Shearin's job on the song was to play the bass for 15 minutes straight, with no mistakes. He was paid $70 but later went on to perform with Sugarhill Gang in concert. Shearin described the session this way:
The drummer and I were sweating bullets because that's a long time. And this was in the days before samplers and drum machines, when real humans had to play things. ... Sylvia said, 'I've got these kids who are going to talk real fast over it; that's the best way I can describe it.'[12]
Wang said:
There's this idea that hip-hop has to have street credibility, yet the first big hip-hop song was an inauthentic fabrication. It's not like the guys involved were the 'real' hip-hop icons of the era, like Grandmaster Flash or Lovebug Starski. So it's a pretty impressive fabrication, lightning in a bottle.[12]
Personnel[edit]
Michael "Wonder Mike" Wright - Vocals
Henry "Big Bank Hank" Jackson - Vocals
Guy "Master Gee" O'Brien - Vocals
Unknown - turntables
Bernard Roland[13] or Chip Shearin[14][15][16] - electric bass
Albert Pittman[13] or Brian Morgan[16] - electric guitar
Moncy Smith - piano
Bryan Horton - drums
Sylvia Robinson - additional vocals, vibraphone, and production
Billy Jones - engineer
Phil Austin - mastering, original US vinyl release
History[edit]
"Rapper's Delight" peaked at number 36 in January 1980 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart,[17] number 4 on the U.S. Hot Soul Singles chart in December 1979,[18] number 1 on the Canadian Singles Chart in January 1980,[19] number 1 on the Dutch Top 40, and number 3 on the UK Singles Chart. The single sold over 2 million copies in the United States, grossing US$3.5 million for Sugar Hill Records.[20] In 1980, the song was the anchor of the group's first album The Sugarhill Gang.[21]
It was the first Top 40 song to be available only as a 12-inch extended version in the U.S. Early pressings (very few) were released with a red label, with black print, on Sugar Hill Records, along with a 7" 45rpm single (which is very rare). Later pressings had the more common blue label, in orange colored "roulette style" sleeves, while even later pressings were issued in the more common blue sleeves with the Sugarhill Records logo. In Europe, however, it was released on the classic 7-inch single format on French pop label Vogue, with a shorter version of the song. It was this 7" single that reached number one in the Dutch chart. The song ranked number 251 on Rolling Stone magazine's 2004 list of "500 Greatest Songs of All Time".[12]
A British version of the song, with rewritten lyrics, was recorded for the song's 25th anniversary in 2004 by an ensemble of performers including Rodney P, Chester P, Kano, Simone, Yungun, Sway, J2K, Swiss, Baby Blue, Skibadee, Luke Skys, and MC D.[22]
In 2014 the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.[23]
In popular culture[edit]
In the 1998 movie The Wedding Singer, Ellen Albertini Dow (as the character Rosie) performed some of the song. Her performance was also included on the film's soundtrack.
The chorus of The Ketchup Song by Las Ketchup incorporates the lyrics "I said a hip hop, the hippie, the hippie" in a nonsensical distortion ("Aserejé ja de je de jebe").[24]
During a dream sequence in the 2003 film Kangaroo Jack, the titular kangaroo sings a bit of the song.
In "My Old Friend's New Friend", a 2004 episode of the TV sitcom Scrubs, the Sugarhill Gang appears in two of J.D.'s fantasies singing the song.
The song appeared on the soundtrack of the 1999 PS1 game, Thrasher Presents: Skate and Destroy, as well as the 2004 game Tony Hawk's Underground 2.
A February 2014 episode of Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon showed a mashup video of Brian Williams singing the song during the show's first week. The video also included Lester Holt.[25][26]
The song is mentioned in the 2015 song "Art Deco" by Lana Del Rey.
The song was performed by the Swedish Chef during "Pig Out", a 2015 episode of The Muppets.
Redfoo of LMFAO released his solo debut album, Party Rock Mansion, on March 18, 2016. The third track on the album, titled "Too Much", resembles "Rapper's Delight".
The song is sung by the main characters in the 2016 movie Everybody Wants Some!!.
The song was used in Apple's 2016 WWDC conference, when Bozoma Saint John demonstrated the features of the revamped Apple Music application.
Austrian rapper and musician Falco used lyrics from "Rapper's Delight" in his songs "The Sound of Musik" and "Body Next to Body," the latter a duet with actress Brigitte Nielsen.
In the Fox comedy The Simpsons, the song was parodied on a safety video using the lyrics to tell children to use a crosswalk to cross the street.
The song was used in a Honda advertisement nicknamed "The Cog", where it was played after the completion of a Rube Goldberg effect.
In an episode of Martin, Cole (Carl Payne) briefly performs the song to audition for rapper Biggie Smalls, who made a guest appearance on the show.
In the final episode of "The Get Down", the song is played during the credits.[27]
Mexican singer Aleks Syntek's single "Tu necesitas", has similar rapped parts, sung in Spanish.
Rock band INXS song "I Need You Tonight" has a similar guitar riff and the beginning of the song that clearly resembles that of rapper's delight melody.
R&B trio TLC used the sample of the original song while Left Eye raps the line on the track "Switch" from their 1994 studio album CrazySexyCool, produced by Jermaine Dupri.
Charts and certifications[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1979–1980)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[28] 37
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[29] 5
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[30] 2
Canada (RPM)[31] 1
France (IFOP) [32] 2
Germany (Official German Charts)[33] 3
Ireland (Irish Singles Chart) [34] 14
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[35] 1
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[36] 18
Norway (VG-lista)[37] 2
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[38] 2
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[39] 2
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[40] 3
US Billboard Hot 100[41] 36
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1980)
Peak
position
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[42] 27
France (IFOP)[43] 33
Certifications and sales[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Canada (Music Canada)[44]
Platinum 10,000^
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[45]
Gold 10,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[46]
Silver 250,000^
United States (RIAA)[47]
2x Platinum 2,000,000[20]
France
623,000[48]
^shipments figures based on certification alone
Chart succession[edit]
Preceded by
"Escape (The Piña Colada Song)" by Rupert Holmes Canadian Singles Chart
January 26 – February 2, 1980 Succeeded by
"Coward of the County" by Kenny Rogers
Preceded by
"I Have a Dream" by ABBA Dutch number-one single
February 2–16, 1980 Succeeded by
"Crying" by Don McLean
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Lynch, Joe (October 13, 2014). "35 Years Ago, Sugarhill Gang's 'Rapper's Delight' Made Its First Chart Appearance". Billboard. Archived from the original on February 24, 2015. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Complete National Recording Registry Listing". Library of Congress. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
Jump up ^ "New Entries to National Recording Registry". Library of Congress. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
Jump up ^ "'Rapper's Delight'". National Public Radio. December 29, 2000. Retrieved 2010-12-20. The story goes that Big Bank Hank, Wonder Mike, and Master Gee met Sylvia Robinson on a Friday and recorded "Rapper's Delight" the following Monday in just one take.
Jump up ^ "The Story of Rapper's Delight by Nile Rodgers". RapProject.tv. Retrieved 2008-10-12.
Jump up ^ "Twenty First Century Music: Nile Rodgers interviewed by Peter Paphides at Waterstone's, Piccadilly, London". Twentyfirstcenturymusic.blogspot.com. 2011-11-10. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. Retrieved 2014-08-12.
Jump up ^ "Writing cred for 'Rapper's Delight' sparks grudge". New York Post. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Simpson, Dave (2 May 2017). "Sugarhill Gang: how we made Rapper's Delight". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Positive Force - Biography & History - AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
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^ Jump up to: a b c Menconi, David (March 14, 2010). "The riff that lifted rap". News & Observer. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
^ Jump up to: a b "music-bnb". wixsite.com. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ "The riff that lifted rap - Music - NewsObserver.com". archive.org. July 14, 2011. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Chip Shearin artist page". TC Electronic. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Sugarhill Gang". EEG Talent. Retrieved July 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Billboard Hot 100 Chart History". Song-database.com. Retrieved February 10, 2014.
Jump up ^ Billboard - Google Boeken. Books.google.com. December 8, 1979. Retrieved 2014-02-10.
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^ Jump up to: a b George, Nelson (1988). The Death of Rhythm & Blues. New York, NY: Pantheon Books. p. 191. ISBN 0142004081. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "35 Years Ago, Sugarhill Gang's 'Rapper's Delight' Made Its First Chart Appearance".
Jump up ^ "Music: Rappers Delight 25th Anniversary Special | BBC Radio 1Xtra by Bernard P Achampong | Free Listening on SoundCloud". Soundcloud.com. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
Jump up ^ "GRAMMY Hall Of Fame Class Of 2014". grammy.com. 21 June 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "TODO LO QUE SUBE DEBE BAJAR, LO IMPORTANTE ES QUE AHORA ESTAMOS ARRIBA". Terra Networks (in Spanish). 2004. Archived from the original on February 27, 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
Jump up ^ Read, Max (February 20, 2014). "Brian Williams Does a Perfect "Cover" of "Rapper's Delight" on Tonight". Gawker. Archived from the original on October 12, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Brian Williams Raps Rapper's Delight" Archived October 17, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.. Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon NBC. 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Get Down Part 2 Soundtrack (Complete Song Listing) - What's On Netflix". whats-on-netflix.com. April 7, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
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External links[edit]
Rapper's Delight on National Public Radio
Official Music Video
Silver jubilee for first rap hit — BBC article about the single on its 25th anniversary
The Story of Rapper's Delight by Nile Rodgers
The 100 most important American musical works of the 20th century - NPR
[show]
v
t
e
The Sugarhill Gang
Wonder Mike
Master Gee
Big Bank Hank
Studio albums
Sugarhill Gang (1980)
8th Wonder (1982)
Rappin' Down Town (1983)
Livin' in the Fast Lane (1984)
Jump on It! (1999)
Singles
"Rapper's Delight"
"8th Wonder"
"Apache"
[show]
v
t
e
Chic
Bernard Edwards
Nile Rodgers
Tony Thompson
Nathaniel S. Hardy, Jr.
Omar Hakim
Robert Sabino
Sylver Logan Sharp
Luther Vandross
Norma Jean Wright
Diva Gray
[Robin Clark]]
Studio albums
Chic (1977)
C'est Chic (1978)
Risqué (1979)
Real People (1980)
Take It Off (1981)
Soup For One (1982)
Tongue in Chic (1982)
Believer (1983)
Chic-ism (1992)
Live albums
Live at the Budokan (1999)
A Night in Amsterdam (2006)
Produced by Chic
Norma Jean Wright: Norma Jean (1978)
Sister Sledge: We Are Family (1979)
Sheila and B. Devotion: King of the World (1980)
Sister Sledge: Love Somebody Today (1980)
Diana Ross: diana (1980)
Debbie Harry: KooKoo (1981)
Johnny Mathis: I Love My Lady (1981, unreleased)
Main compilations
Les Plus Grands Succès De Chic: Chic's Greatest Hits (1979)
Freak Out: The Greatest Hits of Chic and Sister Sledge (1988)
Megachic: Best of Chic (1990)
Dance, Dance, Dance: The Best of Chic (1991)
The Best of Chic, Volume 2 (1992)
Everybody Dance (1995)
Dance, Dance, Dance & Other Hits (1997)
The Very Best of Chic & Sister Sledge (1999)
The Very Best of Chic (2000)
Good Times: The Very Best of the Hits & the Remixes (Chic & Sister Sledge) (2005)
The Definitive Groove Collection (2006)
Up All Night (2013)
Notable singles
"Dance, Dance, Dance (Yowsah, Yowsah, Yowsah)"
"Everybody Dance"
"Le Freak"
"I Want Your Love"
"Good Times"
"My Forbidden Lover"
"My Feet Keep Dancing"
"Rebels Are We"
"Real People"
"Stage Fright"
"Soup for One"
"Hangin'"
"Chic Mystique"
"I'll Be There"
Related articles
Discography
The Sugarhill Gang
"Rapper's Delight"
"Lady (Hear Me Tonight)"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rapper%27s_Delight&oldid=835782184"
Categories:
1979 singles
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Use mdy dates from February 2014
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Singlechart usages for German
Singlechart usages for Dutch40
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