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Anatomy of the human nose
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Human nose
Human nose in profile
Internal anatomy of the nose
Details
Artery
Sphenopalatine artery and greater palatine artery
Vein
Facial vein
Nerve
External nasal nerve
Identifiers
Latin
Nasus
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
A human nose from the front
The visible part of the human nose is the protruding part of the face that bears the nostrils. The shape of the nose is determined by the ethmoid bone and the nasal septum, which consists mostly of cartilage and which separates the nostrils. On average the nose of a male is larger than that of a female.[1]
The nasal root is the top of the nose, forming an indentation at the suture where the nasal bones meet the frontal bone. The anterior nasal spine is the thin projection of bone at the midline on the lower nasal margin, holding the cartilaginous center of the nose.[2] Adult humans have nasal hairs in the anterior nasal passage.
Contents
[hide]
1 Structure
1.1 Bone anatomy
1.1.1 Soft tissue
1.1.1.1 Nasal subunits and nasal segments
1.1.2 Blood supply and drainage
1.1.3 Lymphatic drainage
1.1.4 Innervation
1.2 Internal nasal anatomy
2 Development
3 See also
4 References
Structure[edit]
Squamous epithelium is one of several types of epithelia.
The procerus muscle (musculus procerus, pyramidalis nasi, depressor glabellae)
Bone anatomy[edit]
In the upper portion of the nose, the paired nasal bones attach to the frontal bone. Above and to the side (superolaterally), the paired nasal bones connect to the lacrimal bones, and below and to the side (inferolaterally), they attach to the ascending processes of the maxilla (upper jaw). Above and to the back (posterosuperiorly), the bony nasal septum is composed of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone. The vomer bone lies below and to the back (posteroinferiorly), and partially forms the choanal opening into the nasopharynx, (the upper portion of the pharynx that is continuous with the nasal passages). The floor of the nose comprises the premaxilla bone and the palatine bone, the roof of the mouth.
The nasal septum is composed of the quadrangular cartilage, the vomer bone (the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone), aspects of the premaxilla, and the palatine bones. Each lateral nasal wall contains three pairs of turbinates (nasal conchae), which are small, thin, shell-form bones: (i) the superior concha, (ii) the middle concha, and (iii) the inferior concha, which are the bony framework of the turbinates. Lateral to the turbinates is the medial wall of the maxillary sinus. Inferior to the nasal conchae (turbinates) is the meatus space, with names that correspond to the turbinates, e.g. superior turbinate, superior meatus, et alii. The internal roof of the nose is composed by the horizontal, perforated cribriform plate (of the ethmoid bone) through which pass sensory filaments of the olfactory nerve (Cranial nerve I); finally, below and behind (posteroinferior) the cribriform plate, sloping down at an angle, is the bony face of the sphenoid sinus.
Cartilaginous pyramid of the nose
The cartilaginous septum (septum nasi) extends from the nasal bones in the midline (above) to the bony septum in the midline (posteriorly), then down along the bony floor. The septum is quadrangular; the upper half is flanked by two (2) triangular-to-trapezoidal cartilages: the upper lateral-cartilages, which are fused to the dorsal septum in the midline, and laterally attached, with loose ligaments, to the bony margin of the pyriform (pear-shaped) aperture, while the inferior ends of the upper lateral-cartilages are free (unattached). The internal area (angle), formed by the septum and upper lateral-cartilage, constitutes the internal valve of the nose; the sesamoid cartilages are adjacent to the upper lateral-cartilages in the fibroareolar connective tissue. The respective external valve of each nose is variably dependent upon the size, shape, and strength of the lower lateral cartilage.[3]
Beneath the upper lateral-cartilages lay the lower lateral-cartilages; the paired lower lateral-cartilages swing outwards, from medial attachments, to the caudal septum in the midline (the medial crura) to an intermediate crus (shank) area. Finally, the lower lateral-cartilages flare outwards, above and to the side (superolaterally), as the lateral crura; these cartilages are mobile, unlike the upper lateral cartilages. Furthermore, some persons present anatomical evidence of nasal scrolling—i.e. an outward curving of the lower borders of the upper lateral-cartilages, and an inward curving of the cephalic borders of the alar cartilages.
Soft tissue[edit]
Nasal skin – Like the underlying bone-and-cartilage (osseo-cartilaginous) support framework of the nose, the external skin is divided into vertical thirds (anatomic sections); from the glabella (the space between the eyebrows), to the bridge, to the tip, for corrective plastic surgery, the nasal skin is anatomically considered, as the:
Upper third section – the skin of the upper nose is thick, and relatively distensible (flexible and mobile), but then tapers, adhering tightly to the osseo-cartilaginous framework, and becomes the thinner skin of the dorsal section, the bridge of the nose.
Middle third section – the skin overlying the bridge of the nose (mid-dorsal section) is the thinnest, least distensible, nasal skin, because it most adheres to the support framework.
Lower third section – the skin of the lower nose is as thick as the skin of the upper nose, because it has more sebaceous glands, especially at the nasal tip.
Nasal lining – At the vestibule, the human nose is lined with a mucous membrane of squamous epithelium, which tissue then transitions to become columnar respiratory epithelium, a pseudo-stratified, ciliated (lash-like) tissue with abundant seromucinous glands, which maintains the nasal moisture and protects the respiratory tract from bacteriologic infection and foreign objects.
Nasal muscles – The movements of the human nose are controlled by groups of facial and neck muscles that are set deep to the skin; they are in four (4) functional groups that are interconnected by the nasal superficial aponeurosis—the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS)—which is a sheet of dense, fibrous, collagenous connective tissue that covers, invests, and forms the terminations of the muscles.
the elevator muscle group includes the procerus muscle and the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle.
the depressor muscle group includes the alar nasalis muscle and the depressor septi nasi muscle.
the compressor muscle group includes the transverse nasalis muscle.
the dilator muscle group includes the dilator naris muscle that expands the nostrils; it is in two parts: (i) the dilator nasi anterior muscle, and (ii) the dilator nasi posterior muscle.
The surgical nose as aesthetic nasal segments
Nasal subunits and nasal segments[edit]
To plan, map, and execute the surgical correction of a nasal defect or deformity, the structure of the external nose is divided into nine (9) aesthetic nasal subunits, and six (6) aesthetic nasal segments, which provide the plastic surgeon with the measures for determining the size, extent, and topographic locale of the nasal defect or deformity.
The surgical nose as nine (9) aesthetic nasal subunits
tip subunit
columellar subunit
right alar base subunit
right alar wall subunit
left alar wall subunit
left alar base subunit
dorsal subunit
right dorsal wall subunit
left dorsal wall subunit
In turn, the nine (9) aesthetic nasal subunits are configured as six (6) aesthetic nasal segments; each segment comprehends a nasal area greater than that comprehended by a nasal subunit.
The surgical nose as six (6) aesthetic nasal segments
the dorsal nasal segment
the lateral nasal-wall segments
the hemi-lobule segment
the soft-tissue triangle segments
the alar segments
the columellar segment
The Common carotid artery
Using the co-ordinates of the subunits and segments to determine the topographic location of the defect on the nose, the plastic surgeon plans, maps, and executes a rhinoplasty procedure. The unitary division of the nasal topography permits minimal, but precise, cutting, and maximal corrective-tissue coverage, to produce a functional nose of proportionate size, contour, and appearance for the patient. Hence, if more than 50 per cent of an aesthetic subunit is lost (damaged, defective, destroyed) the surgeon replaces the entire aesthetic segment, usually with a regional tissue graft, harvested from either the face or the head, or with a tissue graft harvested from elsewhere on the patient’s body.[4]
Blood supply and drainage[edit]
Like the face, the human nose is well vascularized with arteries and veins, and thus supplied with abundant blood. The principal arterial blood-vessel supply to the nose is two-fold: (i) branches from the internal carotid artery, the branch of the anterior ethmoid artery, the branch of the posterior ethmoid artery, which derive from the ophthalmic artery; (ii) branches from the external carotid artery, the sphenopalatine artery, the greater palatine artery, the superior labial artery, and the angular artery.
The external nose is supplied with blood by the facial artery, which becomes the angular artery that courses over the superomedial aspect of the nose. The sellar region (sella turcica, “Turkish chair”) and the dorsal region of the nose are supplied with blood by branches of the internal maxillary artery (infraorbital) and the ophthalmic arteries that derive from the internal common carotid artery system.
Internally, the lateral nasal wall is supplied with blood by the sphenopalatine artery (from behind and below) and by the anterior ethmoid artery and the posterior ethmoid artery (from above and behind). The nasal septum also is supplied with blood by the sphenopalatine artery, and by the anterior and posterior ethmoid arteries, with the additional circulatory contributions of the superior labial artery and of the greater palatine artery. These three (3) vascular supplies to the internal nose converge in the Kiesselbach plexus (the Little area), which is a region in the anteroinferior-third of the nasal septum, (in front and below). Furthermore, the nasal vein vascularisation of the nose generally follows the arterial pattern of nasal vascularisation. The nasal veins are biologically significant, because they have no vessel-valves, and because of their direct, circulatory communication to the sinus caverns, which makes possible the potential intracranial spreading of a bacterial infection of the nose. Hence, because of such an abundant nasal blood supply, tobacco smoking does therapeutically compromise post-operative healing.
Lymphatic drainage[edit]
The pertinent nasal lymphatic system arises from the superficial mucosa, and drains posteriorly to the retropharyngeal nodes (in back), and anteriorly (in front), either to the upper deep cervical nodes (in the neck), or to the submandibular glands (in the lower jaw), or into both the nodes and the glands of the neck and the jaw.
Innervation[edit]
Cranial nerve V, the trigeminal nerve (nervus trigeminis) gives sensation to the nose, the face, and the upper jaw (maxilla).
The sensations registered by the human nose derive from the first two (2) branches of cranial nerve V, the trigeminal nerve (nervus trigeminis). The nerve listings indicate the respective innervation (sensory distribution) of the trigeminal nerve branches within the nose, the face, and the upper jaw (maxilla).
Cranial nerve VII (nervus facialis) is the facial nerve that gives motor innervation to the muscles of the face, including those which move the nose.
The indicated nerve serves the named anatomic facial and nasal regions
Ophthalmic division innervation
Lacrimal nerve – conveys sensation to the skin areas of the lateral orbital (eye socket) region, except for the lacrimal gland.
Frontal nerve – conveys sensation to the skin areas of the forehead and the scalp.
Supraorbital nerve – conveys sensation to the skin areas of the eyelids, the forehead, and the scalp.
Supratrochlear nerve – conveys sensation to the medial region of the eyelid skin area, and the medial region of the forehead skin.
Nasociliary nerve – conveys sensation to the skin area of the nose, and the mucous membrane of the anterior (front) nasal cavity.
Anterior ethmoid nerve – conveys sensation in the anterior (front) half of the nasal cavity: (a) the internal areas of the ethmoid sinus and the frontal sinus; and (b) the external areas, from the nasal tip to the rhinion: the anterior tip of the terminal end of the nasal-bone suture.
Posterior ethmoid nerve – serves the superior (upper) half of the nasal cavity, the sphenoids, and the ethmoids.
Intratrochlear nerve – conveys sensation to the medial region of the eyelids, the palpebral conjunctiva, the nasion (nasolabial junction), and the bony dorsum.
The maxillary division innervation
Maxillary nerve – conveys sensation to the upper jaw and the face.
Infraorbital nerve – conveys sensation to the area from below the eye socket to the external nares (nostrils).
Zygomatic nerve – through the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic arch, conveys sensation to the cheekbone areas.
Superior posterior dental nerve – sensation in the teeth and the gums.
Superior anterior dental nerve – mediates the sneeze reflex.
Sphenopalatine nerve – divides into the lateral branch and the septal branch, and conveys sensation from the rear and the central regions of the nasal cavity.
The shell-form turbinates (conchae nasales)
The septum nasi bones and cartilages
The supply of parasympathetic nerves to the face and the upper jaw (maxilla) derives from the greater superficial petrosal (GSP) branch of cranial nerve VII, the facial nerve. The GSP nerve joins the deep petrosal nerve (of the sympathetic nervous system), derived from the carotid plexus, to form the vidian nerve (in the vidian canal) that traverses the pterygopalatine ganglion (an autonomic ganglion of the maxillary nerve), wherein only the parasympathetic nerves form synapses, which serve the lacrimal gland and the glands of the nose and of the palate, via the (upper jaw) maxillary division of cranial nerve V, the trigeminal nerve.
Internal nasal anatomy[edit]
In the midline of the nose, the septum is a composite (osseo-cartilaginous) structure that divides the nose into two (2) similar halves. The lateral nasal wall and the paranasal sinuses, the superior concha, the middle concha, and the inferior concha, form the corresponding passages, the superior meatus, the middle meatus, and the inferior meatus, on the lateral nasal wall. The superior meatus is the drainage area for the posterior ethmoid bone cells and the sphenoid sinus; the middle meatus provides drainage for the anterior ethmoid sinuses and for the maxillary and frontal sinuses; and the inferior meatus provides drainage for the nasolacrimal duct.
The internal nasal valve comprises the area bounded by the upper lateral-cartilage, the septum, the nasal floor, and the anterior head of the inferior turbinate. In the narrow (leptorrhine) nose, this is the narrowest portion of the nasal airway. Generally, this area requires an angle greater than 15 degrees for unobstructed breathing; for the correction of such narrowness, the width of the nasal valve can be increased with spreader grafts and flaring sutures.
Development[edit]
The embryonic human head, c. 30 days of gestation
At four (4) weeks of gestational development, the neural crest cells (the precursors of the nose) begin their caudad migration (from the posterior) towards the midface. Two symmetrical nasal placodes (the future olfactory epithelium) develop inferiorly, which the nasal pits then divide into the medial and the lateral nasal processes (the future upper lip and nose). The medial processes then form the septum, the philtrum, and the premaxilla of the nose; the lateral processes form the sides of the nose; and the mouth forms from the stomodeum (the anterior ectodermal portion of the alimentary tract), which is inferior to the nasal complex.
A nasobuccal membrane separates the mouth from the nose; respectively, the inferior oral cavity (the mouth) and the superior nasal cavity (the nose). As the olfactory pits deepen, said development forms the choanae, the two openings that connect the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx (upper part of the pharynx that is continuous with the nasal passages). Initially, primitive-form choanae develop, which then further develop into the secondary, permanent choanae.
At ten (10) weeks of gestation, the cells differentiate into muscle, cartilage, and bone. If this important, early facial embryogenesis fails, it might result in anomalies such as choanal atresia (absent or closed passage), medial nasal clefts (fissures), or lateral nasal clefts, nasal aplasia (faulty or incomplete development), and polyrrhinia (double nose).[5]
This normal, human embryologic development is exceptionally important — because the newborn infant breathes through his or her nose during the first 6 weeks of life — thus, when a child is afflicted with bilateral choanal atresia, the blockage of the posterior nasal passage, either by abnormal bony tissue or by abnormal soft tissue, emergency remedial action is required to ensure that the child can breathe.[6]
See also[edit]
Human nose
Aquiline nose
Jewish nose
Rhinoplasty
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Jean-Baptiste de Panafieu, P. (2007). Evolution. Seven Stories Press, USA.[page needed]
Jump up ^ archaeologyinfo.com > glossary Retrieved on August 2010
Jump up ^ Heidari Z, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H, Khammar T, Khammar M (May 2009). "Anthropometric measurements of the external nose in 18–25-year-old Sistani and Baluch aborigine women in the southeast of Iran". Folia Morphol. (Warsz). 68 (2): 88–92. PMID 19449295.
Jump up ^ Fattahi TT (October 2003). "An overview of facial aesthetic units". J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 61 (10): 1207–11. doi:10.1016/S0278-2391(03)00684-0. PMID 14586859.
Jump up ^ Hengerer AS, Oas RE (1987). Congenital Anomalies of the Nose: Their Embryology, Diagnosis, and Management (SIPAC). Alexandria VA: American Academy of Otolaryngology. [page needed]
Jump up ^ Nasal Anatomy at eMedicine
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text:
List of cities in West Virginia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Map of the United States with West Virginia highlighted
Charleston, Capital of West Virginia
West Virginia State Capitol
Huntington
Morgantown
Wheeling
Fairmont
Weston
West Virginia is a state located in the Southern United States. The following is a list of cities in West Virginia, arranged by population.
List by population[edit]
County seat
State capital and county seat
2014 Rank
City
2014 Estimate[1]
2010 Census[2]
Change
County
7000100000000000000♠1 Charleston †† 50,404 51,400 2999806225680933850♠−1.94% Kanawha
7000200000000000000♠2 Huntington 48,807 49,138 3000326386910334160♠−0.67% Cabell
7000300000000000000♠3 Morgantown 31,073 29,660 7000476399190829400♠+4.76% Monongalia
7000400000000000000♠4 Parkersburg 30,981 31,492 2999837736568017270♠−1.62% Wood
7000500000000000000♠5 Wheeling 27,790 28,486 2999755669451660459♠−2.44% Ohio
7000600000000000000♠6 Weirton 19,362 19,746 2999805530233971440♠−1.94% Hancock
7000700000000000000♠7 Fairmont 18,740 18,704 6999192472198460210♠+0.19% Marion
7000800000000000000♠8 Martinsburg 17,743 17,227 7000299529807859760♠+3.00% Berkeley
7000900000000000000♠9 Beckley 17,238 17,614 2999786533439309640♠−2.13% Raleigh
7001100000000000000♠10 Clarksburg 16,242 16,578 2999797321751719150♠−2.03% Harrison
7001110000000000000♠11 South Charleston 13,214 13,450 2999824535315985130♠−1.75% Kanawha
7001120000000000000♠12 St. Albans 10,835 11,044 2999810756972111550♠−1.89% Kanawha
7001130000000000000♠13 Vienna 10,562 10,749 2999826030328402639♠−1.74% Wood
7001140000000000000♠14 Bluefield 10,448 10,447 6997957212596917060♠+0.01% Mercer
7001150000000000000♠15 Moundsville 8,891 9,318 2999541747156042070♠−4.58% Marshall
7001160000000000000♠16 Bridgeport 8,358 8,149 7000256473186894100♠+2.56% Harrison
7001170000000000000♠17 Oak Hill 8,175 7,730 7000575679172056920♠+5.76% Fayette
7001180000000000000♠18 Dunbar 7,749 7,907 2999800177058302770♠−2.00% Kanawha
7001190000000000000♠19 Elkins 7,286 7,094 7000270651254581339♠+2.71% Randolph
7001200000000000000♠20 Nitro 6,837 7,178 2999524937308442460♠−4.75% Kanawha
7001210000000000000♠21 Hurricane 6,396 6,284 7000178230426479950♠+1.78% Putnam
7001220000000000000♠22 Princeton 6,359 6,432 2999886504975124380♠−1.13% Mercer
7001230000000000000♠23 Charles Town 5,706 5,259 7000849971477467200♠+8.50% Jefferson
7001240000000000000♠24 Buckhannon 5,679 5,639 6999709345628657570♠+0.71% Upshur
7001250000000000000♠25 Keyser 5,264 5,439 2999678249678249680♠−3.22% Mineral
7001260000000000000♠26 New Martinsville 5,254 5,366 2999791278419679460♠−2.09% Wetzel
7001270000000000000♠27 Grafton 5,199 5,164 6999677769171185140♠+0.68% Taylor
7001280000000000000♠28 Ranson 4,830 4,440 7000878378378378380♠+8.78% Jefferson
7001290000000000000♠29 Point Pleasant 4,284 4,350 2999848275862068970♠−1.52% Mason
7001300000000000000♠30 Westover 4,173 3,983 7000477027366306800♠+4.77% Monongalia
7001310000000000000♠31 Weston 4,079 4,110 3000245742092457419♠−0.75% Lewis
7001320000000000000♠32 Lewisburg 3,939 3,830 7000284595300261100♠+2.85% Greenbrier
7001330000000000000♠33 Ravenswood 3,834 3,876 2999891640866873060♠−1.08% Jackson
7001340000000000000♠34 Summersville 3,513 3,572 2999834826427771560♠−1.65% Nicholas
7001350000000000000♠35 Ripley 3,242 3,252 3000692496924969250♠−0.31% Jackson
7001360000000000000♠36 Philippi 3,233 2,966 7000900202292650030♠+9.00% Barbour
7001370000000000000♠37 Pleasant Valley 3,185 3,149 7000114322006986340♠+1.14% Marion
7001380000000000000♠38 Kenova 3,096 3,216 2999626865671641790♠−3.73% Wayne
7001390000000000000♠39 Williamson 3,051 3,191 2999561266060795990♠−4.39% Mingo
7001400000000000000♠40 Madison 2,968 3,076 2999648894668400520♠−3.51% Boone
7001410000000000000♠41 Kingwood 2,956 2,939 6999578428036747190♠+0.58% Preston
7001420000000000000♠42 Williamstown 2,936 2,908 6999962861072902330♠+0.96% Wood
7001430000000000000♠43 Follansbee 2,911 2,986 2999748827863362360♠−2.51% Brooke
7001440000000000000♠44 Wellsburg 2,725 2,805 2999714795008912660♠−2.85% Brooke
7001450000000000000♠45 Hinton 2,556 2,676 2999551569506726460♠−4.48% Summers
7001460000000000000♠46 Paden City 2,540 2,633 2999646790733004180♠−3.53% Wetzel
7001470000000000000♠47 Granville 2,529 781 7002223815620998720♠+223.82% Monongalia
7001480000000000000♠48 Chester 2,527 2,585 2999775628626692460♠−2.24% Hancock
7001490000000000000♠49 Petersburg 2,451 2,467 3000351438994730450♠−0.65% Grant
7001500000000000000♠50 White Sulphur Springs 2,441 2,444 3000877250409165310♠−0.12% Greenbrier
7001510000000000000♠51 Spencer 2,234 2,322 2999621016365202410♠−3.79% Roane
7001520000000000000♠52 Shinnston 2,178 2,201 2999895502044525220♠−1.04% Harrison
7001530000000000000♠53 Welch 2,154 2,406 2998895261845386530♠−10.47% McDowell
7001540000000000000♠54 Mannington 2,072 2,063 6999436257876878330♠+0.44% Marion
7001550000000000000♠55 Richwood 2,001 2,051 2999756216479765970♠−2.44% Nicholas
7001560000000000000♠56 McMechen 1,866 1,926 2999688473520249220♠−3.12% Marshall
7001570000000000000♠57 St. Marys 1,860 1,860 5000000000000000000♠0.00% Pleasants
7001580000000000000♠58 Romney 1,788 1,848 2999675324675324680♠−3.25% Hampshire
7001590000000000000♠59 Stonewood 1,772 1,806 2999811738648947950♠−1.88% Harrison
7001600000000000000♠60 Ronceverte 1,753 1,765 3000320113314447589♠−0.68% Greenbrier
7001610000000000000♠61 Logan 1,682 1,779 2999454749859471610♠−5.45% Logan
7001620000000000000♠62 Montgomery 1,607 1,638 2999810744810744810♠−1.89% Fayette
7001630000000000000♠63 Salem 1,557 1,586 2999817150063051700♠−1.83% Harrison
7001640000000000000♠64 Mullens 1,494 1,559 2999583066067992300♠−4.17% Wyoming
7001650000000000000♠65 Glen Dale 1,483 1,526 2999718217562254260♠−2.82% Marshall
7001660000000000000♠66 Marmet 1,469 1,503 2999773785761809710♠−2.26% Kanawha
7001670000000000000♠67 Parsons 1,427 1,485 2999609427609427610♠−3.91% Tucker
7001680000000000000♠68 Ansted 1,398 1,404 3000572649572649570♠−0.43% Fayette
7001690000000000000♠69 Ceredo 1,395 1,450 2999620689655172410♠−3.79% Wayne
7001700000000000000♠70 Mabscott 1,388 1,408 2999857954545454550♠−1.42% Raleigh
7001710000000000000♠71 Wayne 1,385 1,413 2999801840056617130♠−1.98% Wayne
7001720000000000000♠72 Benwood 1,378 1,420 2999704225352112680♠−2.96% Marshall
7001730000000000000♠73 Sistersville 1,375 1,396 2999849570200573069♠−1.50% Tyler
7001740000000000000♠74 Mount Hope 1,370 1,414 2999688826025459690♠−3.11% Fayette
7001750000000000000♠75 Pennsboro 1,085 1,171 2999265584970111020♠−7.34% Ritchie
7001760000000000000♠76 New Cumberland 1,076 1,103 2999755213055303720♠−2.45% Hancock
7001770000000000000♠77 Cameron 915 946 2999672304439746300♠−3.28% Marshall
7001780000000000000♠78 Thomas 564 586 2999624573378839590♠−3.75% Tucker
7001790000000000000♠79 Belmont 903 903 5000000000000000000♠0.00% Pleasants
7001800000000000000♠80 War 793 862 2999199535962877030♠−8.00% McDowell
See also[edit]
West Virginia
List of towns in West Virginia
List of villages in West Virginia
List of census-designated places in West Virginia
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on May 22, 2015. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ "2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File". American FactFinder2. U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census. Retrieved 23 August 2014.

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values: قائمة مدن فيرجينيا الغربية – Arabic

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