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James Stockdale
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James Stockdale
Birth name
James Bond Stockdale
Born
(1923-12-23)December 23, 1923
Abingdon, Illinois, U.S.
Died
July 5, 2005(2005-07-05) (aged 81)
Coronado, California, U.S.
Allegiance
United States of America
Service/branch
United States Navy
Years of service
1946–1979
Rank
Vice Admiral
Battles/wars
Vietnam War
Awards
Medal of Honor
Navy Distinguished Service Medal (3)
Silver Star Medal (4)
Legion of Merit w/ Combat "V"
Distinguished Flying Cross (2)
Bronze Star Medal (2) w/ Combat "V"
Purple Heart Medal (2)
Air Medal (Strike/Flight 10)
Spouse(s)
Sybil Bailey
James Bond Stockdale (December 23, 1923 – July 5, 2005) was a United States Navy vice admiral and aviator awarded the Medal of Honor in the Vietnam War, during which he was an American prisoner of war for over seven years.
Commander Stockdale was the senior naval officer held captive in Hanoi, North Vietnam. He had led aerial attacks from the carrier USS Ticonderoga (CVA-14) during the 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Incident. On his next deployment, while Commander of Carrier Air Wing Sixteen aboard the carrier USS Oriskany (CV-34), his A-4 Skyhawk jet was shot down in North Vietnam on September 9, 1965. He served as President of the Naval War College from October 1977 until he retired from the Navy in 1979. As Vice Admiral, Stockdale became the President for the Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina. Stockdale held this position from 1979 to 1980.
Stockdale was a candidate for Vice President of the United States in the 1992 presidential election, on Ross Perot's independent ticket.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life and education
2 U.S. Navy career
2.1 Vietnam War
2.1.1 Gulf of Tonkin Incident
2.1.2 Prisoner of war
2.2 Return to the United States
2.3 Civilian academic work and writings
3 Vice-Presidential candidacy
4 Military awards
4.1 Medal of Honor citation
5 Later life and death
6 Legacy
7 Electoral history
8 Writings by James Stockdale
9 See also
10 Notes
11 References
11.1 Online references
11.2 Written references
Early life and education[edit]
Stockdale was born in Abingdon, Illinois, on December 23, 1923, the son of Mabel Edith (née Bond) and Vernon Beard Stockdale.[1][2] Following a brief period at Monmouth College, he entered the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland in June 1943.
U.S. Navy career[edit]
On June 5, 1946 he graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree from the Naval Academy with the Class of 1947 due to the reduced schedule still in effect from World War II. Academically he ranked 130th among 821 graduates in his class.[3] His first assignment was assistant gunnery officer aboard the destroyer minesweeper USS Carmick (DMS-33) from June to October 1946. He next served aboard the USS Thompson (DMS-38) from October 1946 to February 1947, the USS Charles H. Roan (DD-853) from February 1947 to July 1948, and the USS Deming (PCS-1392) from July 1948 to June 1949.
Stockdale was accepted for flight training in June 1949 and reported to Naval Air Station Pensacola in Florida. He was designated a Naval Aviator at Naval Air Station Corpus Christi in Texas, in September 1950. He was next assigned for additional training at Naval Air Station Norfolk in Virginia from October 1950 to January 1951. In January 1954, he was accepted into the United States Naval Test Pilot School at the Naval Air Station Patuxent River base in Southern Maryland and completed his training in July 1954. There he tutored U.S. Marine Corps aviator John Glenn in math and physics.[4] He was a test pilot until January 1957.
In 1959, the U.S. Navy sent Stockdale to Stanford University where he received a Master of Arts degree in international relations and comparative Marxist thought in 1962. Stockdale preferred the life of a fighter pilot over academia, but later credited Stoic philosophy with helping him cope as a prisoner of war.
Vietnam War[edit]
Gulf of Tonkin Incident[edit]
Further information: Gulf of Tonkin Incident
Stockdale exiting his A-4 fighter-bomber weeks before becoming a POW.
On 2 August 1964, while on a DESOTO patrol in the Tonkin Gulf, the destroyer USS Maddox (DD-731) engaged 3 North Vietnamese Navy P-4 torpedo boats from the 135th Torpedo Squadron.[5] After fighting a running gun and torpedo battle, in which Maddox fired over 280 5-inch (130 mm) shells, and the torpedo boats expended their 6 torpedoes (all misses) and hundreds of rounds of 14.5mm machinegun fire; the combatants broke contact. As the torpedo boats turned for their North Vietnamese coastline, four F-8 Crusader fighter aircraft from USS Ticonderoga (CV-14) arrived, and immediately attacked the retreating torpedo boats.[6]
Stockdale (commander VF-51 (Fighter Squadron 51)), with Lieutenant (Junior Grade) Richard Hastings attacked torpedo boats T-333 and T-336, while Commander R. F. Mohrhardt and Lieutenant Commander C. E. Southwick attacked torpedo boat T-339. The four F-8 pilots reported scoring no hits with their Zuni rockets, but reported hits on all three torpedo boats with their 20mm cannon.[7]
Two nights later, on 4 August 1964, Stockdale was overhead during the second reported attack in the Tonkin Gulf. Unlike the first event, which was an actual sea battle, no Vietnamese forces were, however, believed to have been involved in the second engagement. In the early 1990s,[8] he recounted: "[I] had the best seat in the house to watch that event, and our destroyers were just shooting at phantom targets—there were no PT boats there.... There was nothing there but black water and American fire power."[9]
The next morning, on 5 August 1964, President Johnson ordered bombing raids on North Vietnamese military targets which he announced were retaliation for the alleged incident of 4 August. When Stockdale was awoken in the early morning and was told he was to lead these attacks he responded: "Retaliation for what?" Later, while a prisoner of war, he was concerned that he would be forced to reveal this secret about the Vietnam War.[10]
Prisoner of war[edit]
On 9 September 1965, while flying from USS Oriskany on a mission over North Vietnam, Stockdale ejected from his Douglas A-4 Skyhawk, which had been struck by enemy fire and completely disabled. He parachuted into a small village, where he was severely beaten and taken prisoner.[11]
Stockdale was held as a prisoner of war in the Hoa Lo prison (the infamous "Hanoi Hilton") for the next seven and a half years. As the senior Naval officer, he was one of the primary organizers of prisoner resistance. Tortured routinely and denied medical attention for the severely damaged leg he suffered during capture, Stockdale created and enforced a code of conduct for all prisoners which governed torture, secret communications, and behavior. In the summer of 1969, he was locked in leg irons in a bath stall and routinely tortured and beaten. When told by his captors that he was to be paraded in public, Stockdale slit his scalp with a razor to purposely disfigure himself so that his captors could not use him as propaganda. When they covered his head with a hat, he beat himself with a stool until his face was swollen beyond recognition. When Stockdale was discovered with information that could implicate his friends' "black activities", he slit his wrists so they could not torture him into confession.[12]
Early in Stockdale's captivity, his wife, Sybil Stockdale, organized The League of American Families of POWs and MIAs, with other wives of servicemen who were in similar circumstances. By 1968, she and her organization, which called for the President and the U.S. Congress to publicly acknowledge the mistreatment of the POWs (something that had never been done despite evidence of gross mistreatment), gained the attention of the American press. Sybil Stockdale personally made these demands known at the Paris Peace Talks.[citation needed]
Stockdale was one of eleven U.S. military prisoners known as the "Alcatraz Gang": George Thomas Coker, USN; George G. McKnight, USAF; Jeremiah Denton, USN (he graduated with Stockdale from the Naval Academy); Harry Jenkins, USN; Sam Johnson, USAF; James Mulligan, USN; Howard Rutledge, USN; Robert Shumaker, USN (originated the name "Hanoi Hilton"); Ronald Storz, USAF (died in captivity); and Nels Tanner, USN. Because they had been resistance leaders they were separated from other captives and placed in solitary confinement in "Alcatraz", a special facility in a courtyard behind the North Vietnamese Ministry of National Defense, located about one mile away from Hoa Lo Prison. In Alcatraz, each of the prisoners was kept in an individual windowless and concrete cell measuring 3 by 9 feet (0.9 by 2.7 m) with a light bulb kept on around the clock, and locked in leg irons each night.[13][14][15][16][17] Of the eleven, Storz died in captivity there in 1970.
In a business book by James C. Collins called Good to Great, Collins writes about a conversation he had with Stockdale regarding his coping strategy during his period in the Vietnamese POW camp.[18]
I never lost faith in the end of the story, I never doubted not only that I would get out, but also that I would prevail in the end and turn the experience into the defining event of my life, which, in retrospect, I would not trade.[19]
When Collins asked who didn't make it out of Vietnam, Stockdale replied:
Oh, that's easy, the optimists. Oh, they were the ones who said, 'We're going to be out by Christmas.' And Christmas would come, and Christmas would go. Then they'd say, 'We're going to be out by Easter.' And Easter would come, and Easter would go. And then Thanksgiving, and then it would be Christmas again. And they died of a broken heart.[19]
Stockdale then added:
This is a very important lesson. You must never confuse faith that you will prevail in the end—which you can never afford to lose—with the discipline to confront the most brutal facts of your current reality, whatever they might be.[19]
Witnessing this philosophy of duality, Collins went on to describe it as the Stockdale Paradox.
Popular spiritual guru Eckhart Tolle has also discussed Stockdale's time as a prisoner of war, noting that during his imprisonment the vice admiral had concealed a small book of the teachings of the stoicist Epictetus that he said allowed him to survive his torture and confinement in Hanoi.[20]
Return to the United States[edit]
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President Gerald Ford presents the Medal of Honor to Stockdale at the White House on 4 March 1976.
Stockdale was released as a prisoner of war on February 12, 1973 during Operation Homecoming. His shoulders had been wrenched from their sockets, his leg shattered by angry villagers and a torturer, and his back broken.
On March 4, 1976, Stockdale received the Medal of Honor. Stockdale filed charges against two other officers (Marine Corps Lieutenant Colonel Edison W. Miller and Navy Captain Walter E. "Gene" Wilber) who, he felt, had given aid and comfort to the enemy. However, the Navy Department under the leadership of then-Secretary of the Navy John Warner took no action and retired these men "in the best interests of the Navy."[21][22]
Debilitated by his captivity and mistreatment, Stockdale could not stand upright and could barely walk upon his return to the United States, which prevented his return to active flying status. In deference to his previous service, the Navy kept him on active duty, steadily promoting him over the next few years before he retired as a vice admiral on September 1, 1979. He completed his career by serving as the President of the Naval War College at Newport, Rhode Island from October 13, 1977, until August 22, 1979.[23]
Civilian academic work and writings[edit]
Stockdale as president of the Naval War College in 1979
After his retirement in 1979, he became the President of The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina. His tenure there was short and stormy as he found himself at odds with the college's board as well as most of its administration, by proposing changes to the college's military system and other facets of the college, including the curbing of student hazing. He left The Citadel to become a fellow of the Hoover Institution at Stanford University in 1981. During his twelve-year tenure at the Hoover Institution, Admiral Stockdale wrote and lectured extensively. His primary focus was ancient Stoicism and the Roman slave-turned-philosopher Epictetus, whose lessons captured in The Enchiridion Stockdale credited with providing him strength during his ordeals as a prisoner in the Hanoi Hilton. Between 1981 and 1988 Admiral Stockdale also served as chair of the White House Fellows under the Reagan administration.
In 1984 Admiral Stockdale and his wife Sybil co-authored In Love and War: the Story of a Family's Ordeal and Sacrifice During the Vietnam War which was published by Harper and Row. It recounts Stockdale's experiences while in Vietnam and in alternating chapters also tells the story of Mrs. Stockdale's early involvement in the League of American Families of POW's/MIA's which she helped to found and served as its first chairperson. Their story was later made into an NBC television movie under the name In Love and War starring James Woods and Jane Alexander.
Stockdale was a member of the board of directors of the Rockford Institute, and was a frequent contributor to Chronicles: A magazine of American Culture.[24]
Vice-Presidential candidacy[edit]
Stockdale came to know businessman and presidential candidate Ross Perot through his wife's work in establishing an organization to represent the families of Vietnam POWs. On March 30, 1992, Perot announced that he had asked Stockdale to be his provisional Vice Presidential nominee on Ross Perot's 1992 independent ticket.[25] Perot intended to replace Stockdale with another candidate, but did not do so before he dropped out of the race in July 1992.[26]
Perot eventually re-entered the race in the fall of 1992, with Stockdale still in place as the vice-presidential nominee. Stockdale was not informed that he would be participating in the October 13 vice-presidential debate held in Atlanta, Georgia, until a week before the event. He had no formal preparation for the debate, unlike his opponents Al Gore and Dan Quayle, and did not discuss any political issues with Perot beforehand.[26]
Stockdale opened the debate by saying, "Who am I? Why am I here?", when responding to a request for an opening statement from debate moderator, Hal Bruno, the political director of ABC News.[27][28] Initially, the rhetorical questions drew applause from the audience. However, his unfocused style for the rest of the debate (including asking the moderator to repeat one question because he didn't have his hearing aid turned on) made him appear confused and almost disoriented. An unflattering recreation of the moment on Saturday Night Live later that week, with Phil Hartman as Stockdale, cemented a public perception of Stockdale as slow-witted. He was also often parodied for his repeated use of the term "gridlock" to describe slow governmental policy.
As his introduction to the large segment of American voters who had not previously heard of him, the debate was disastrous for Stockdale. He was portrayed in the media as elderly and confused, and his reputation never recovered. In a 1999 interview with Jim Lehrer, Stockdale explained that the statements were intended as an introduction of himself and his personal history to the television audience:[26]
It was terribly frustrating because I remember I started with, "Who am I? Why am I here?" and I never got back to that because there was never an opportunity for me to explain my life to people. It was so different from Quayle and Gore. The four years in solitary confinement in Vietnam, seven-and-a-half years in prisons, drop the first bomb that started the ... American bombing raid in the North Vietnam. We blew the oil storage tanks of them off the map. And I never—I couldn't approach—I don't say it just to brag, but, I mean, my sensitivities are completely different.
Perot and Stockdale received 19 percent of the vote in the 1992 presidential election, one of the best showings by an independent ticket in U.S. electoral history, although they did not carry any states.
Military awards[edit]
Stockdale's decorations and awards include:
Badge
Naval Aviator insignia
1st Row
Medal of Honor
2nd Row
Navy Distinguished Service Medal w/ two 5⁄16" Gold Stars Silver Star Medal w/ three 5⁄16" Gold Stars Legion of Merit w/ Combat "V"
3rd Row
Distinguished Flying Cross w/ one 5⁄16" Gold Star Bronze Star Medal w/ Combat "V" and one 5⁄16" Gold Star Purple Heart w/ one 5⁄16" Gold Star
4th Row
Air Medal w/ Strike/Flight Numeral 10 Combat Action Ribbon Navy Unit Commendation w/ one 3⁄16" bronze star
5th Row
American Campaign Medal World War II Victory Medal Navy Occupation Service Medal
6th Row
National Defense Service Medal w/ one 3⁄16" bronze star Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal w/ two 3⁄16" bronze stars Vietnam Service Medal w/ three 3⁄16" silver stars and one 3⁄16" bronze star
7th Row
Republic of Vietnam Meritorious Unit Citation (Gallantry Cross) w/ palm Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal w/ 1960- device Navy Pistol Marksmanship Medal w/ "E" device
Medal of Honor citation[edit]
Stockdale's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while senior naval officer in the Prisoner of War camps of North Vietnam. Recognized by his captors as the leader in the Prisoners' of War resistance to interrogation and in their refusal to participate in propaganda exploitation, Rear Adm. Stockdale was singled out for interrogation and attendant torture after he was detected in a covert communications attempt. Sensing the start of another purge, and aware that his earlier efforts at self-disfiguration to dissuade his captors from exploiting him for propaganda purposes had resulted in cruel and agonizing punishment, Rear Adm. Stockdale resolved to make himself a symbol of resistance regardless of personal sacrifice. He deliberately inflicted a near-mortal wound to his person in order to convince his captors of his willingness to give up his life rather than capitulate. He was subsequently discovered and revived by the North Vietnamese who, convinced of his indomitable spirit, abated in their employment of excessive harassment and torture toward all of the Prisoners of War. By his heroic action, at great peril to himself, he earned the everlasting gratitude of his fellow prisoners and of his country. Rear Adm. Stockdale's valiant leadership and extraordinary courage in a hostile environment sustain and enhance the finest traditions of the U.S. Naval Service.[12]
Later life and death[edit]
Sailors carry Stockdale's casket during his funeral service at the U.S. Naval Academy Chapel in 2005.
Stockdale retired to Coronado, California, as he slowly succumbed to Alzheimer's disease.[29] He died from the illness on July 5, 2005. Stockdale's funeral service was held at the Naval Academy Chapel and he was buried at the United States Naval Academy Cemetery. In 2014, Stockdale's son Stanford died of alcoholism at the age of 55.
Legacy[edit]
The Vice Admiral James Bond Stockdale Award for Inspirational Leadership is a United States Navy award established in 1980 by United States Secretary of the Navy Edward Hidalgo to honor the inspirational leadership of James Stockdale, a Medal of Honor recipient in the Vietnam War, who exhibited exemplary leadership while a prisoner of war in North Vietnam for nearly eight years. The award were first made in 1981.[30]
The U.S. Navy has named a number of structures after Stockdale, including the Arleigh Burke–class guided missile destroyer USS Stockdale (DDG-106), christened on May 10, 2008.[31] At the Naval Air Station North Island in Coronado, California, the main gate (inaugurated on August 30, 2007) and the headquarters building for the Pacific Fleet's Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape (SERE) school were both named in his honor. In July 2008, a statue of him was erected in front of Luce Hall at the U.S. Naval Academy; the hall which houses the Vice Admiral James B. Stockdale Center for Ethical Leadership.[32]
Stockdale Center, the student center at Monmouth College in Monmouth, Illinois, which he attended prior to transferring to the Naval Academy, was dedicated in his honor in 1989.[33]
He was enshrined in the National Aviation Hall of Fame in 2002.[34]
The Admiral James & Sybil Stockdale Arena at South Kent School was named after Stockdale and his wife in April 2014.[35]
In October 2014, Airbase Arizona of the Commemorative Air Force placed on display a restored Grumman AF-2S Guardian (BuNo 126731) flown by VADM Stockdale early in his Navy career with his name on the canopy rail and all markings as they were when he flew the aircraft in the 1950s.
Stockdale's naval experiences and his leadership decisions while senior Naval officer in prison in North Vietnam are an integral part of every Midshipman's educational experience at Annapolis.
A luxury suite at the Loews Annapolis Hotel, where Perot announced his candidacy, was named in Stockdale's honor.
The Abingdon-Avon High School Auditorium in Abingdon, Illinois has been named "Stockdale Auditorium" in honor of Abingdon's hometown hero.
Electoral history[edit]
1992 election for U.S. President/Vice President – popular vote share
Clinton/Gore (D), 43.0% (370 Electoral Votes)
Bush/Quayle (R), 37.7% (168 Electoral Votes)
Perot/Stockdale (I), 18.9% (0 Electoral Votes)
Writings by James Stockdale[edit]
Books
Taiwan and the Sino-Soviet Dispute, Stanford, California, 1962.
The Ethics of Citizenship, University of Texas at Dallas, 1981, Andrew R. Cecil lectures on moral values in a free society featured Stockdale and other speakers.
James Bond Stockdale Speaks on the "Melting Experience: Grow or Die", Hoover Institution, Stanford, 1981 speech to the graduating class of John Carroll University in Cleveland, Ohio.
A Vietnam Experience: Ten Years of Reflection, Hoover Institution, Stanford, 1984, ISBN 0-8179-8151-9.
In Love and War: The Story of a Family's Ordeal and Sacrifice During the Vietnam Years
1984 Original, Harper & Row, New York, ISBN 0-06-015318-0.
1990 Reprint, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, ISBN 0-87021-308-3.
Courage Under Fire: Testing Epictetus's Doctrines in a Laboratory of Human Behavior, Hoover Institution, Stanford, 1993, ISBN 0-8179-3692-0.
Thoughts of a Philosophical Fighter Pilot, Hoover Institution, Stanford, 1995 ISBN 0-8179-9391-6.
Other writings
Stockdale on Stoicism I: The Stoic Warrior's Triad
Stockdale on Stoicism II: Master of My Fate
See also[edit]
Biography portal
United States Navy portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to James Stockdale.
List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Vietnam War
List of United States presidential candidates (1856–present)
List of Mount Holyoke College people
List of United States Naval Academy alumni (Medal of Honor)
List of prisoners of war
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Stockdale's given names--"James Bond"--are unrelated to James Bond, the hero of Ian Fleming's spy novels. Fleming had never heard of Stockdale when he coined the name long after the latter's birth ( "Navy Hero: James Bond in His Own Right". The Pittsburgh Press. August 16, 1977. p. 9. Retrieved March 14, 2017 – via Newspapers.com. ).
Jump up ^ The candidates – James T. Havel – Google Books. Retrieved 2013-05-30 – via Google Books.
Jump up ^ Register of Alumni, United States Naval Academy, 1991.
Jump up ^ "Stockdale, James Bond". nationalaviation.org. Retrieved 2017-02-15.
Jump up ^ Moise, p. 78
Jump up ^ Moise, p. 82
Jump up ^ Moise, p. 83
Jump up ^ "Essay: 40th Anniversary of the Gulf of Tonkin Incident".
Jump up ^ Schudel, Matt (2016-03-19). "William B. Bader, official who helped uncover CIA, Defense abuses, dies at 84". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2016-04-16.
Jump up ^ Lowry, Timothy S. (1989). Valor. New York: Berkeley Books. pp. 13–31. ISBN 0425119165.
Jump up ^ Lowry, Timothy S. (1989). Valor. New York: Berkeley Books. pp. 17–31. ISBN 0425119165.
^ Jump up to: a b "Medal of Honor citations". Vietnam War (M – Z). United States Army Center of Military History. June 8, 2009. Retrieved February 24, 2010.
Jump up ^ Adams, Lorraine (1992-03-11). "Perot's Interim Partner Spent 7½ Years As Pow", The Dallas Morning News, March 11, 1992. Retrieved on 2008-07-02 from http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19920331&slug=1483968. "He was one of the Alcatraz Gang – a group of 11 prisoners of war who were separated because they were leaders of the prisoners' resistance."
Jump up ^ Rochester, Stuart; and Kiley, Frederick. "Honor Bound: American Prisoners of War in Southeast Asia, 1961–1973", 2007, Naval Institute Press, ISBN 1-59114-738-7, via Google Books, p. 326. Accessed July 8, 2008.
Jump up ^ Stockdale, James B. "George Coker for Beach Schools", letter to The Virginian-Pilot, March 26, 1996.
Jump up ^ Johnston, Laurie (December 18, 1974). "Notes on People, Mao Meets Mobutu in China". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-05-03. Dec 18, 1974
Jump up ^ Kimberlin, Joanne (2008-11-11). "Our POWs: Locked up for 6 years, he unlocked a spirit inside". The Virginian Pilot. Landmark Communications. pp. 12–13. Retrieved 2008-11-11.
Jump up ^ Collins, Jim (date unknown). The Stockdale Paradox. JimCollins.com. Retrieved on 2008-07-02 from http://www.jimcollins.com/lab/brutalFacts/.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The Stockdale Paradox". VenChar. Retrieved 2013-05-30.
Jump up ^ "True Compassion". EckhartTolleNow.com. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.marines.mil/Portals/59/Publications/Marines%20and%20Military%20Law%20in%20Vietnam_Trial%20by%20Fire%20%20PCN%2019000310600_10.pdf
Jump up ^ WISCKOL, MARTIN. "POW mate calls McCain 'liar' over 'turncoat' charge".
Jump up ^ https://www.usnwc.edu/About/History/Chronology-of-Courses-and-Significant-Events/1970s.aspx
Jump up ^ The Nation, "The Rockford File," October 26, 1992 (Volume 255).
Jump up ^ "The Political Fray". CNN.
^ Jump up to: a b c "James Stockdale Interview". Debating Our Destiny. PBS. September 4, 1999. Retrieved August 16, 2011.
Jump up ^ Schudel, Matt (2011-11-10). "Hal Bruno, former ABC News political director, dies at 83". Washington Post. Retrieved 2011-11-26.
Jump up ^ Weber, Bruce (2011-11-09). "Hal Bruno, Director of Election Coverage at ABC, Dies at 83". New York Times. Retrieved 2011-11-26.
Jump up ^ "Admiral Stockdale official website". Archived from the original on 7 July 2005. Retrieved 2007-05-05.
Jump up ^ "Navy Legend Vice Adm. Stockdale Led POW Resistance". Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Welcome to Navy Forces Online Public Sites". Stockdale.navy.mil. 2010-04-09. Retrieved 2013-05-30.
Jump up ^ "Vice Admiral James B. Stockdale Center for Ethical Leadership". Usna.edu. 2013-01-24. Retrieved 2013-05-30.
Jump up ^ "About the Stockdale Center". Retrieved 2014-03-12.
Jump up ^ National Aviation Hall of Fame, 2002
Jump up ^ "New Rink Named The Admiral James & Sybil Stockdale Arena". South Kent School. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
References[edit]
Online references[edit]
James Stockdale at Find a Grave
Interview with Jim Lehrer on 1992 Vice-Presidential debate
Hoover Institution Biography (archived)
Washington Post obituary for Stockdale July 6, 2005
Holmes, Steven A. (July 6, 2005). "James Stockdale, Perot's Running Mate in '92, Dies at 81". The New York Times. Retrieved May 5, 2010.
The Guardian report on Stockdale's death July 2005
Admiral Stockdale's Personal Webpage (archived)
Memorial Service for Admiral James B. Stockdale (archived)
Naval Academy Tribute to Stockdale
United States Navy Announces the Death of Retired Vice Adm. James B. Stockdale (archived)
Mahler, Jonathan (December 25, 2005). "The Prisoner". The New York Times. Retrieved May 5, 2010.
Naval War College: Past presidents
Oil Portrait of James B. Stockdale (archived) by Margaret Holland Sargent
"Son of Navy POW Recounts Father's Heroism in Vietnam". DoD (via American Forces Press Service). November 8, 2013. Archived from the original on 13 January 2014.
Written references[edit]
Apart from the works written by Stockdale himself, the following work refers extensively to Stockdale's involvement in the Tonkin Gulf:
Edwin E. Moise, Tonkin Gulf and the Escalation of the Vietnam War UNC Press North Carolina 1996 ISBN 0-8078-2300-7
The following book is based on the series of lectures delivered for the course in moral philosophy established at the Naval War College by Admiral Stockdale in 1978, when Stockdale was president of the college. The course was designed by Stockdale and Professor Joseph Brennan, who continued to teach it after Stockdale retired from the Navy. The Foreword was written by Stockdale.
Joseph Gerard Brennan, FOUNDATIONS OF MORAL OBLIGATION: The Stockdale Course, Presidio Press, Novato, California (1994) ISBN 0-89141-528-9
Military offices
Preceded by
Huntington Hardisty President of the Naval War College
1977–1979 Succeeded by
Edward F. Welch, Jr.
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(1988 ←) United States presidential election, 1992 (→ 1996)
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Candidates Pat Buchanan
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text:
Lunar phase
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 25 January 2018.
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Play media
The lunar phases and librations in 2013 at hourly intervals, with music, titles, and supplemental graphics.
Animation of the Moon as it cycles through its phases, as seen from the Northern Hemisphere in 2007. The apparent wobbling of the Moon is known as libration. The gradual change in apparent size is due to the eccentricity of the lunar orbit. (North is up.)
Another animation of the Moon as it cycles through its phases, as seen from the Southern Hemisphere in 2007. (North is down.)
The lunar phase or phase of the Moon is the shape of the directly sunlit portion of the Moon as viewed from Earth. The lunar phases gradually and cyclically change over the period of a synodic month (about 29.53 days), as the orbital positions of the Moon around Earth and of Earth around the Sun shift.
The Moon's rotation is tidally locked by Earth's gravity; therefore, most of the same lunar side always faces Earth. This near side is variously sunlit, depending on the position of the Moon in its orbit. Thus, the sunlit portion of this face can vary from 0% (at new moon) to 100% (at full moon). The lunar terminator is the boundary between the illuminated and darkened hemispheres.
Each of the four "intermediate" lunar phases (see below) is around 7.4 days, but this varies slightly due to the elliptical shape of the Moon's orbit. Aside from some craters near the lunar poles, such as Shoemaker, all parts of the Moon see around 14.77 days of daylight, followed by 14.77 days of "night". (The side of the Moon facing away from Earth is sometimes called the "dark side of the Moon", although that is a misnomer.)
Contents
[hide]
1 Phases of the Moon
1.1 Waxing and waning
1.2 Orientation by latitude
1.3 Earthshine
2 Calendar
3 Calculating phase
4 Effect of parallax
5 Misconceptions
6 See also
7 Footnotes
8 References
9 External links
9.1 General
9.2 Educational aids
Phases of the Moon[edit]
In Western culture, the four principal phases of the Moon are new moon, first quarter, full moon, and third quarter (also known as last quarter). These are the instances when the Moon's ecliptic longitude and the Sun's ecliptic longitude differ by 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°, respectively.[a] Each of these phases occur at slightly different times when viewed from different points on Earth. During the intervals between principal phases, the Moon's apparent shape is either crescent or gibbous. These shapes, and the periods when the Moon shows them, are called the intermediate phases and last one-quarter of a synodic month, or 7.38 days, on average. However, their durations vary slightly because the Moon's orbit is rather elliptical, so the satellite's orbital speed is not constant. The descriptor waxing is used for an intermediate phase when the Moon's apparent shape is thickening, from new to full moon, and waning when the shape is thinning.
The eight principal and intermediate phases are given the following names, in sequential order:
Principal and intermediate phases of the Moon
Phase
Northern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere
Visibility
Mid-phase
standard time
Average
moonrise time
Average
moonset time
Northern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere
Photograph
(view from
Northern Hemisphere)
New moon
Disc completely in Sun's shadow
(lit by earthshine only) Invisible (too close to Sun) Midday 6 am 6 pm Not visible
Waxing crescent
Right side, 1–49% lit disc Left side, 1–49% lit disc Late morning to post-dusk 3 pm 9 am 9 pm
First quarter
Right side, 50% lit disc Left side, 50% lit disc Afternoon and early evening 6 pm Midday Midnight
Waxing gibbous
Right side, 51–99% lit disc Left side, 51–99% lit disc Late afternoon and most of night 9 pm 3 pm 3 am
Full moon
Completely illuminated disc Sunset to sunrise (all night) Midnight 6 pm 6 am
Waning gibbous
Left side, 99–51% lit disc Right side, 99–51% lit disc Most of night and early morning 3 am 9 pm 9 am
Third quarter (or last quarter)
Left side, 50% lit disc Right side, 50% lit disc Late night and morning 6 am Midnight Midday
Waning crescent
Left side, 49–1% lit disc Right side, 49–1% lit disc Pre-dawn to early afternoon 9 am 3 am 3 pm
The phases of the Moon as viewed looking southward from the Northern Hemisphere. Each phase would be rotated 180° if seen looking northward from the Southern Hemisphere. The upper part of the diagram is not to scale, as the Moon is much farther from Earth than shown here.
A crescent Moon above Earth's horizon is featured in this 2010 photograph by an Expedition 24 crew member.
Play media
This video provides an illustration of how the Moon passes through its phases – a product of its orbit, which allows different parts of its surface to be illuminated by the Sun over the course of a month. The camera is locked to the Moon as Earth rapidly rotates in the foreground.
Non-Western cultures may use a different number of lunar phases; for example, traditional Hawaiian culture has a total of 30 different phases (one per day).[1]
Waxing and waning[edit]
When the Sun and Moon are aligned on the same side of the Earth, the Moon is "new", and the side of the Moon facing Earth is not illuminated by the Sun. As the Moon waxes (the amount of illuminated surface as seen from Earth is increasing), the lunar phases progress through new moon, crescent moon, first-quarter moon, gibbous moon, and full moon. The Moon is then said to wane as it passes through the gibbous moon, third-quarter moon, crescent moon, and back to new moon. The terms old moon and new moon are not interchangeable. The "old moon" is a waning sliver (which eventually becomes undetectable to the naked eye) until the moment it aligns with the Sun and begins to wax, at which point it becomes new again.[2] Half moon is often used to mean the first- and third-quarter moons, while the term quarter refers to the extent of the Moon's cycle around the Earth, not its shape.
When an illuminated hemisphere is viewed from a certain angle, the portion of the illuminated area that is visible will have a two-dimensional shape as defined by the intersection of an ellipse and circle (in which the ellipse's major axis coincides with the circle's diameter). If the half-ellipse is convex with respect to the half-circle, then the shape will be gibbous (bulging outwards),[3] whereas if the half-ellipse is concave with respect to the half-circle, then the shape will be a crescent. When a crescent moon occurs, the phenomenon of earthshine may be apparent, where the night side of the Moon dimly reflects indirect sunlight reflected from Earth.
Orientation by latitude[edit]
In the Northern Hemisphere, if the left (east) side of the Moon is dark, then the bright part is thickening, and the Moon is described as waxing (shifting toward full moon). If the right (west) side of the Moon is dark, then the bright part is thinning, and the Moon is described as waning (past full and shifting toward new moon). Assuming that the viewer is in the Northern Hemisphere, the right side of the Moon is the part that is always waxing. (That is, if the right side is dark, the Moon is becoming darker; if the right side is lit, the Moon is getting brighter.)
In the Southern Hemisphere, the Moon is observed from a perspective inverted, or rotated 180°, to that of the Northern and to all of the images in this article, so that the opposite sides appear to wax or wane.
Closer to the Equator, the lunar terminator will appear horizontal during the morning and evening. Since the above descriptions of the lunar phases only apply at middle or high latitudes, and observers moving towards the tropics from northern or southern latitudes will see the Moon rotated anti-clockwise or clockwise with respect to the images in this article.
The lunar crescent can open upward or downward, with the "horns" of the crescent pointing up or down, respectively. When the Sun appears above the Moon in the sky, the crescent opens downward; when the Moon is above the Sun, the crescent opens upward. The crescent Moon is most clearly and brightly visible when the Sun is below the horizon, which implies that the Moon must be above the Sun, and the crescent must open upward. This is therefore the orientation in which the crescent Moon is most often seen from the tropics. The waxing and waning crescents look very similar. The waxing crescent appears in the western sky in the evening, and the waning crescent in the eastern sky in the morning.
Earthshine[edit]
Main article: Earthlight (astronomy)
When the Moon as seen from Earth is a narrow crescent, Earth as viewed from the Moon is almost fully lit by the Sun. Often, the dark side of the Moon is dimly illuminated by indirect sunlight reflected from Earth, but is bright enough to be easily visible from Earth. This phenomenon is called earthshine and sometimes picturesquely described as "the old moon in the new moon's arms" or, as pictured here, "the new moon in the old moon's arms".
Calendar[edit]
Main article: Lunar calendar
May–June 2005 calendar of lunar phases
The Gregorian calendar month, which is 1⁄12 of a tropical year, is about 30.44 days, while the cycle of lunar phases (the Moon's synodic period) repeats every 29.53 days on average. Therefore, the timing of the lunar phases shifts by an average of almost one day for each successive month. (A lunar year lasts about 354 days.)
Photographing the Moon's phase everyday for a month (starting in the evening after sunset, and repeating roughly 24 hours and 50 minutes later, and ending in the morning before sunrise) and arranging the series of photos on a calendar would create a composite image like the example calendar (May 8 – June 6, 2005) shown on the left. May 20 is blank because a picture would be taken before midnight on May 19 and the next after midnight on May 21.
Similarly, on a calendar listing moonrise or moonset times, some days will appear to be skipped. When moonrise precedes midnight one night, the next moonrise will follow midnight on the next night (so too with moonset). The "skipped day" is just a feature of the Moon's eastward movement in relation to the Sun, which at most latitudes, causes the Moon to rise later each day. The Moon follows a predictable orbit every month.
Calculating phase[edit]
A Crescent Moon over the VLT.[4]
Each of the 4 lunar phases lasts approximately 7 days (~7.4 days), but varies slightly due to lunar apogee and perigee.
The approximate age of the moon, and hence the approximate phase, can be calculated for any date by calculating the number of days since a known new moon (such as January 1, 1900 or August 11, 1999) and reducing this modulo 29.530588853 (the length of a synodic month). The difference between two dates can be calculated by subtracting the Julian Day Number of one from that of the other, or there are simpler formulae giving (for instance) the number of days since December 31, 1899. However, this calculation assumes a perfectly circular orbit and makes no allowance for the time of day at which the new moon happened, therefore may be incorrect by several hours (it also becomes less accurate the larger the difference between the required date and the reference date); it is accurate enough to use in a novelty clock application showing moon phase, but specialist usage taking account of lunar apogee and perigee requires a more elaborate calculation.
Effect of parallax[edit]
The Earth subtends an angle of about two degrees, when seen from the Moon. This means that an observer on Earth who sees the Moon when it is close to the eastern horizon sees it from an angle that is about two degrees different from the line of sight of an observer who sees the Moon on the western horizon. The Moon moves about 12 degrees around its orbit per day, so, if these observers were stationary, they would see the phases of the Moon at times that differ by about one-sixth of a day, or four hours. But in reality the observers are on the surface of the rotating Earth, so someone who sees the Moon on the eastern horizon at one moment sees it on the western horizon about 12 hours later. This adds an oscillation to the apparent progression of the lunar phases. They appear to occur more slowly when the Moon is high in the sky than when it is below the horizon. The Moon appears to move jerkily, and the phases do the same. The amplitude of this oscillation is never more than about four hours, which is a small fraction of a month. It does not have any obvious effect on the appearance of the Moon. However, it does affect accurate calculations of the times of lunar phases.
Misconceptions[edit]
Play media
The lunar phase depends on the Moon's position in orbit around the Earth and the Earth's position in orbit around the sun. This animation (not to scale) looks down on Earth from the north pole of the ecliptic.
It might be expected that once every month, when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun during a new moon, its shadow would fall on Earth causing a solar eclipse, but this does not happen every month. Nor is it true that during every full moon, the Earth's shadow falls on the Moon, causing a lunar eclipse. Solar and lunar eclipses are not observed every month because the plane of the Moon's orbit around the Earth is tilted by about 5° with respect to the plane of Earth's orbit around the Sun (the plane of the ecliptic). Thus, when new and full moons occur, the Moon usually lies to the north or south of a direct line through the Earth and Sun. Although an eclipse can only occur when the Moon is either new (solar) or full (lunar), it must also be positioned very near the intersection of Earth's orbital plane about the Sun and the Moon's orbital plane about the Earth (that is, at one of its nodes). This happens about twice per year, and so there are between four and seven eclipses in a calendar year. Most of these eclipses are partial; total eclipses of the Moon or Sun are less frequent.
See also[edit]
Moon portal
Blue moon
Lunar effect
Lunation
Observing the Moon
Planetary phase
Planetshine
Tides
Week
Footnotes[edit]
Jump up ^ Strictly, the quarter phases happen when the observer–Moon–Sun angle is 90°, also known as quadrature. This is not exactly the same as having the Sun–observer–Moon angle a right-angle, but the difference is very slight.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Hawaiian Moon Names". Imiloa, Hilo Attractions.
Jump up ^ "Free Astronomy Lesson 7 - The Phases of the Moon". Synapses.co.uk. Retrieved 2015-12-28.
Jump up ^ Origin: 1350–1400; Middle English < Latin gibbōsus humped, equivalent to gibb "(a) hump" + -ōsus "-ous"; "Gibbous". Dictionary.com.
Jump up ^ "A Crescent Moon over the VLTI". Retrieved 29 February 2016.
External links[edit]
This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. (April 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lunar phases.
General[edit]
Six Millennium Catalog of Phases of the Moon [1]
Virtual Reality Moon Phase
US Naval Service on Moon Phase / What the Moon Looks Like Today (United States Naval Observatory)
Full Moon Names
Current Moon Phase
The Length of the Lunar Cycle (numerical integration analysis)
Lunar Phase Calculator For Years 1600 to 2200
Lunar Phase Calendar
Lunar Phase, Moonrise and Moonset Calendar
Educational aids[edit]
Open Source Physics Lunar Phase Model
Lunar phase simulator (animation)
Starchild: Moonlight Madness Lunar Phases Game
Names and Images of the 8 moon phases
Astrophysics Science Project Integrating Research & Education: Lunar Phases Quiz
Lunar Phase Image Sets In High-Resolution (1200x1200 pixels) at 1-Degree Intervals - Views of the Moon From 4 Sides at Any Relative Phase
Front/Back/East/West Lunar Phase Explorers
Mnemonic devices for the Lunar phases
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Destiny's Way
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Destiny's Way
Author
Walter Jon Williams
Cover artist
Cliff Nielson
Country
United States
Language
English
Series
The New Jedi Order
Subject
Star Wars
Genre
Science fiction
Publisher
Del Rey
Publication date
Hardcover:
October 1, 2002
Paperback:
July 1, 2003
Media type
Hardcover & Paperback
Pages
Hardcover: 480
Paperback: 451
ISBN
0-345-42850-1
Preceded by
Traitor
Followed by
Ylesia (occurs within Destiny's Way)
Destiny's Way is the fourteenth installment of the New Jedi Order series of Star Wars novels. It was written by Walter Jon Williams and published in 2002 by Del Rey Books (ISBN 0-345-42850-1).
Synopsis[edit]
Jacen Solo, son of Han Solo and Princess Leia, has escaped from the Yuuzhan Vong with the aid of a Jedi Master from the time of the Old Republic, Vergere. Besides making cryptic references to Jacen's destiny, Vergere also reveals that she has spent the last fifty years with the Yuuzhan Vong in order to save the living world of Zonama Sekot, as well as to gather intelligence on the Vong themselves.
Meanwhile, Han and Leia Organa Solo were visiting the Imperial Remnant, trying to coax it into allying with the New Republic. Though the Remnant's leader, Grand Admiral Gilad Pellaeon, refuses the offer, he does give them the locations of the Galactic Empire's old hideaways in the deep core in order to help the Republic's war against the Yuuzhan Vong. In exchange, the Solos offer information on Yuuzhan Vong technology, especially the yammosks.
A new government is forming on Mon Calamari after the fall of Coruscant. Luke Skywalker wants to prevent an anti-Jedi government from forming, so his friends in the Smugglers' Alliance blackmail the majority of New Republic Senators into voting for Jedi-supporting Senator Cal Omas rather than the anti-Jedi Fyor Rodan. Luke inducts nine Jedi Knights into the new Jedi order he is forming, among them Jacen, his sister Jaina Solo, and the new Hapan Queen Mother Tenel Ka. The New Republic forces, now assembled on the water world of Mon Calamari, plan their next attack on the Yuuzhan Vong with the aid of the now-retired Admiral Ackbar.
However, some elements in the New Republic are desperate enough—the Bothans especially—to make the war against the Yuuzhan Vong one of extermination as well as victory. One method meant to accomplish such a task is through Alpha Red, a biological virus developed by New Republic agent Dif Scaur and Chiss scientists that had been successfully tested to eliminate anyone and anything with Yuuzhan Vong DNA. When word of Alpha Red got out, Vergere was able to infiltrate security and use the chemical compounds she manufactured through the Force, residing in her system, to transform Alpha Red into something harmless. Until Alpha Red can be concocted into something lethal against the Yuuzhan Vong again, it is ruled out as an option to use against the galactic invaders.
The success of the operation against Ebaq 9, a long-neglected world on a former Imperial trade route, leads the Yuuzhan Vong into a trap that halts their advance by killing nearly every warrior who went to Ebaq, including Warmaster Tsavong Lah, who died in combat against Jaina Solo. Vergere sacrifices herself to save Jacen from the Vong by plowing a stolen A-wing into Ebaq 9's surface. In the aftermath of the Battle of Ebaq 9, the New Republic is reformed into the Galactic Federation of Free Alliances, or the Galactic Alliance for short.
The Yuuzhan Vong agent provocateur Nom Anor, who suggested the assault on Ebaq 9, is obliged to give his life for his plan's failure, but he disguises himself and hides beneath Yuuzhan'tar's (formerly Coruscant's) streets.
External links[edit]
Official CargoBay Listing
[show]
v
t
e
The New Jedi Order
Novels
Vector Prime
Dark Tide I: Onslaught
Dark Tide II: Ruin
Agents of Chaos I: Hero's Trial
Agents of Chaos II: Jedi Eclipse
Balance Point
Edge of Victory I: Conquest
Edge of Victory II: Rebirth
Star by Star
Dark Journey
Enemy Lines I: Rebel Dream
Enemy Lines II: Rebel Stand
Traitor
Destiny's Way
Force Heretic I: Remnant
Force Heretic II: Refugee
Force Heretic III: Reunion
The Final Prophecy
The Unifying Force
e-Books
Ylesia
Recovery
Short stories
Emissary of the Void
Or Die Trying
Related articles
Yuuzhan Vong
[show]
v
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Star Wars Legends novels (1976–2014)
Film novelizations
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Episode IV: A New Hope (1976)
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The Last Command (1993)
Jedi Prince series
The Glove of Darth Vader (1992)
The Lost City of the Jedi (1992)
Zorba the Hutt's Revenge (1992)
Mission from Mount Yoda (1993)
Queen of the Empire (1993)
Prophets of the Dark Side (1993)
Jedi Academy trilogy
Jedi Search (1994)
Dark Apprentice (1994)
Champions of the Force (1994)
Callista trilogy
Children of the Jedi (1995)
Darksaber (1995)
Planet of Twilight (1997)
X-wing
Rogue Squadron (1996)
Wedge's Gamble (1996)
The Krytos Trap (1996)
The Bacta War (1997)
Wraith Squadron (1998)
Iron Fist (1998)
Solo Command (1999)
Isard's Revenge (1999)
Starfighters of Adumar (1999)
Mercy Kill (2012)
The Hand of Thrawn
Specter of the Past (1997)
Vision of the Future (1998)
Galaxy of Fear
Eaten Alive (1997)
City of the Dead (1997)
Planet Plague (1997)
The Nightmare Machine (1997)
Ghost of the Jedi (1997)
Army of Terror (1997)
The Brain Spiders (1997)
The Swarm (1998)
Spore (1998)
The Doomsday Ship (1998)
Clones (1998)
The Hunger (1998)
The Bounty Hunter Wars
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Slave Ship (1998)
Hard Merchandise (1999)
Jedi Apprentice
The Rising Force (1999)
The Dark Rival (1999)
The Hidden Past (1999)
The Mark of the Crown (1999)
The Defenders of the Dead (1999)
The Uncertain Path (2000)
The Captive Temple (2000)
The Day of Reckoning (2000)
The Fight for Truth (2000)
The Shattered Peace (2000)
The Deadly Hunter (2000)
The Evil Experiment (2001)
The Dangerous Rescue (2001)
The Ties That Bind (2001)
The Death of Hope (2001)
The Call to Vengeance (2001)
The Only Witness (2002)
The Threat Within (2002)
Special Edition #1: Deceptions (2001)
Special Edition #2: The Followers (2002)
The New Jedi Order
Vector Prime (1999)
Dark Tide I: Onslaught (2000)
Dark Tide II: Ruin (2000)
Agents of Chaos I: Hero's Trial (2000)
Agents of Chaos II: Jedi Eclipse (2000)
Balance Point (2000)
Recovery (2001)
Edge of Victory I: Conquest (2001)
Edge of Victory II: Rebirth (2001)
Star by Star (2001)
Dark Journey (2002)
Enemy Lines I: Rebel Dream (2002)
Enemy Lines II: Rebel Stand (2002)
Traitor (2002)
Destiny's Way (2002)
Ylesia (2002)
Force Heretic I: Remnant (2003)
Force Heretic II: Refugee (2003)
Force Heretic III: Reunion (2003)
The Final Prophecy (2003)
The Unifying Force (2003)
Jedi Quest
Path to Truth (2001)
The Way of the Apprentice (2002)
The Trail of the Jedi (2002)
The Dangerous Games (2002)
The Master of Disguise (2002)
The School of Fear (2003)
The Shadow Trap (2003)
The Moment of Truth (2003)
The Changing of the Guard (2004)
The False Peace (2004)
The Final Showdown (2004)
Clone Wars series
Shatterpoint (2003)
The Cestus Deception (2004)
The Hive (2004)
MedStar I: Battle Surgeons (2004)
MedStar II: Jedi Healer (2004)
Jedi Trial (2004)
Yoda: Dark Rendezvous (2004)
Republic Commando
Hard Contact (2004)
Triple Zero (2006)
True Colors (2007)
Order 66 (2008)
501st (2009)
The Last of the Jedi
The Desperate Mission (2005)
Dark Warning (2005)
Underworld (2005)
Death on Naboo (2006)
A Tangled Web (2006)
Return of the Dark Side (2006)
Secret Weapon (2007)
Against The Empire (2007)
Master of Deception (2008)
Reckoning (2008)
Darth Bane series
Path of Destruction (2006)
Rule of Two (2007)
Dynasty of Evil (2009)
The Force Unleashed
The Force Unleashed (2008)
The Force Unleashed II (2010)
Coruscant Nights
Jedi Twilight (2008)
Street of Shadows (2008)
Patterns of Force (2009)
The Old Republic series
The Old Republic: Fatal Alliance (2010)
The Old Republic: Deceived (2011)
The Old Republic: Revan (2011)
The Old Republic: Annihilation (2012)
The Dark Nest trilogy
The Joiner King (2005)
The Unseen Queen (2005)
The Swarm War (2005)
Legacy of the Force
Betrayal (2006)
Bloodlines (2006)
Tempest (2006)
Exile (2007)
Sacrifice (2007)
Inferno (2007)
Fury (2007)
Revelation (2008)
Invincible (2008)
Fate of the Jedi
Outcast (2009)
Omen (2009)
Abyss (2009)
Backlash (2010)
Allies (2010)
Vortex (2010)
Conviction (2011)
Ascension (2011)
Apocalypse (2012)
Other trilogies
and series
Young Jedi Knights (1995–1998)
The Black Fleet Crisis (1996–1998)
The Han Solo Trilogy (1997–1998)
Standalone
Splinter of the Mind's Eye (1978)
The Truce at Bakura (1993)
The Courtship of Princess Leia (1994)
The Crystal Star (1994)
The New Rebellion (1996)
Shadows of the Empire (1996)
I, Jedi (1998)
Rogue Planet (2000)
Cloak of Deception (2001)
Darth Maul: Shadow Hunter (2001)
"Darth Maul: Saboteur" (2001)
The Approaching Storm (2002)
Legacy of the Jedi (2003)
A Forest Apart (2003)
Tatooine Ghost (2003)
Fool's Bargain (2004)
Survivor's Quest (2004)
Secrets of the Jedi (2005)
Labyrinth of Evil (2005)
Dark Lord: The Rise of Darth Vader (2005)
Outbound Flight (2006)
Boba Fett: A Practical Man (2006)
Allegiance (2007)
Death Star (2007)
Luke Skywalker and the Shadows of Mindor (2008)
Millennium Falcon (2008)
The Clone Wars (2008)
Death Troopers (2009)
Gambit: Stealth (2010)
Crosscurrent (2010)
Knight Errant (2011)
Choices of One (2011)
Darth Plagueis (2012)
Scoundrels (2013)
Dawn of the Jedi: Into the Void (2013)
Crucible (2013)
Maul: Lockdown (2014)
Full list of Star Wars books by in-universe timeline
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Destiny%27s_Way&oldid=820392802"
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