text:
JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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JAMA Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery (JAMA Otolaryng. Head Neck Surg.) is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal published by the American Medical Association covering all aspects of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of the head, neck, ear, nose, and throat. The editor-in-chief Jay F. Piccirillo (Washington University School of Medicine). It was previously published under the title Archives of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, and established in 1925 under the title Archives of Otolaryngology.[1]
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 2.915, ranking it 3rd out of 42 journals in the category "Otorhinolaryngology".[2]
See also[edit]
List of American Medical Association journals
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Piccirillo, Jay F. (2016). "About JAMA Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery". American Medical Association. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Journals Ranked by Impact: Otorhinolaryngology". 2016 Journal Citation Reports. Web of Science (Science ed.). Clarivate Analytics. 2016.
External links[edit]
Official website

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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=JAMA_Otolaryngology–Head_%26_Neck_Surgery&oldid=797384189"
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Non-ferrous metal
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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In metallurgy, a non-ferrous metal is a metal, including alloys, that does not contain iron (ferrite) in appreciable amounts.
Generally more expensive than ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals are used because of desirable properties such as low weight (e.g. aluminium), higher conductivity (e.g. copper),[1] non-magnetic property or resistance to corrosion (e.g. zinc).[2] Some non-ferrous materials are also used in the iron and steel industries. For example, bauxite is used as flux for blast furnaces, while others such as wolframite, pyrolusite and chromite are used in making ferrous alloys.[3]
Important non-ferrous metals include aluminium, copper, lead, nickel, tin, titanium and zinc, and alloys such as brass. Precious metals such as gold, silver and platinum and exotic or rare metals such as cobalt, mercury, tungsten, beryllium, bismuth, cerium, cadmium, niobium, indium, gallium, germanium, lithium, selenium, tantalum, tellurium, vanadium, and zirconium are also non-ferrous.[4] They are usually obtained through minerals such as sulfides, carbonates, and silicates.[5] Non-ferrous metals are usually refined through electrolysis.[6]
Contents
[hide]
1 Recycling and pollution control
2 Ancient history
3 Mechanical and structural use
4 References
Recycling and pollution control[edit]
Due to their extensive use, non-ferrous scrap metals are usually recycled. The secondary materials in scrap are vital to the metallurgy industry, as the production of new metals often needs them.[7] Some recycling facilities re-smelt and recast non-ferrous materials; the dross is collected and stored onsite while the metal fumes are filtered and collected.[8] Non-ferrous scrap metals are sourced from industrial scrap materials, particle emissions and obsolete technology (for example, copper cables) scrap.[9]
Ancient history[edit]
See also: Non-ferrous extractive metallurgy
Non-ferrous metals were the first metals used by humans for metallurgy. Gold, silver and copper existed in their native crystalline yet metallic form. These crystals, though rare, are enough to attract the attention of humans. Less susceptible to oxygen than most other metals, they can be found even in weathered outcroppings. Copper was the first metal to be forged; it was soft enough to be fashioned into various objects by cold forging and could be melted in a crucible. Gold, silver and copper replaced some of the functions of other resources, such as wood and stone, owing to their ability to be shaped into various forms for different uses.[10] Due to their rarity, these gold, silver and copper artifacts were treated as luxury items and handled with great care.[11] The use of copper also heralded the transition from the Stone Age to the Copper Age. The Bronze Age, which succeeded the Copper Age, was again heralded by the invention of bronze, an alloy of copper with the non-ferrous metal tin.[10]
Mechanical and structural use[edit]
It is used in residential, commercial, industrial industry. Material selection for a mechanical or structural application requires some important considerations, including how easily the material can be shaped into a finished part and how its properties can be either intentionally or inadvertently altered in the process. Depending on the end use, metals can be simply cast into the finished part, or cast into an intermediate form, such as an ingot, then worked, or wrought, by rolling, forging, extruding, or other deformation process. Although the same operations are used with ferrous as well as nonferrous metals and alloys, the reaction of nonferrous metals to these forming processes is often more severe. Consequently, properties may differ considerably between the cast and wrought forms of the same metal or alloy.[12]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Fahlman, Bradley D. (2011-03-18). Materials chemistry (2. ed.). Dordrecht [u.a.]: Springer. ISBN 978-94-007-0692-7.
Jump up ^ "Non-Ferrous Metals". Engineers Handbook. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
Jump up ^ Gupta, R. C. (2010). Theory and laboratory experiments in ferrous metallurgy. New Delhi: PHI Learning Private Ltd. p. 6. ISBN 978-81-203-3924-8.
Jump up ^ "Commonly Recycled Metals and Their Sources" (PDF). Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Retrieved 27 October 2011.
Jump up ^ Young, Courtney A., ed. (2008). Hydrometallurgy 2008 : proceedings of the sixth international symposium (1st ed.). Littleton, Colo.: Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. p. 416. ISBN 978-0-87335-266-6.
Jump up ^ "Chapter 82 – Metal Processing and Metal Working Industry". Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety, 4th Edition. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Non-Ferrous Metals". Bureau of International Recycling. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Department of the Environment Industry Profile: Waste recycling, treatment and disposal sites" (PDF). Environment Agency. Retrieved 27 October 2011.
Jump up ^ Robert Noyes (1993). Pollution Prevention Technology Handbook. Noyes Publications. ISBN 978-0815513117.
^ Jump up to: a b McNeil ed., Ian (1990). Encyclopedia of the History of Technology. London: Routledge. pp. 47–66. ISBN 978-0-203-19211-5. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Forbes, R. J. (1971). Studies in Ancient Technology, Volume 3; Volume 1965. BRILL. p. 16. ISBN 978-90-04-02652-0.
Jump up ^ "Non-ferrous Metal Applications". All Metals & Forge Group. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
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Kings of Dance (season 2)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Kings of Dance (season 2)
Tamil
கிங்ஸ் ஆப் டான்ஸ் சீசன் 2
Genre
Dance Show
Reality
Judges
Raju Sundaram
Sheriff
Sandy
Jeffrey
Country of origin
India
Original language(s)
Tamil
No. of seasons
2
No. of episodes
41
Production
Location(s)
Tamil Nadu
Camera setup
Multi-camera
Running time
approx. 40-45 minutes per episode
Release
Original network
Vijay TV
Original release
7 October 2017 (2017-10-07) – 4 March 2018 (2018-03-04)
External links
Website
Kings of Dance (season 2) (Tamil: கிங்ஸ் ஆப் டான்ஸ் சீசன் 2) is a 2017-2018 Tamil language reality Dance show which aired on Star Vijay on every Saturday and Sunday at 21:30 (IST) starting from 7 October 2017.[1][2][3] Tamil Film Dancer choreographers Raju Sundaram, Sheriff, Sandy and Jeffrey are the judges of this season.[4][5] The show ended with 41 Episodes from 4 March 2018.
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
2 Audition
3 Finalist
4 Winners
5 Judges
6 References
7 External links
Overview[edit]
The show is a dance competition for contestants of any age as individuals or in a team.
Audition[edit]
Thoothukudi
Madurai
Coimbatore
Chennai
Finalist[edit]
Velammal Kids from Team Jeffery
Ashwin Scott from Team Jeffery
Yobu and Mercyna from Team Jeffery
ADS kids from Team Sherif
Laab crew from Team Sherif
Bipin princy from Team Jeffery
O2 from Team Sandy
Vignesh from Team Sherif[6]
Winners[edit]
Title Winner : LAAB Crew From Team Sherif
1st Runner-up : ADS kids From Team Sherif
2nd Runner-up : Bipin and Princy From Team Jeffery
3rd Runner-up : Ashwin Scott From Team Jeffery
Consolation Prize : o2 From Sandy Team
Judges[edit]
Raju Sundaram: is a National Award-winning Indian choreographerd actor who has primarily worked on Tamil and Telugu language films.A few Films-Jeans (1998), Quick Gun Murugan (2009).
Sheriff: a Tamil cinema choreographer, who recently choreographed for the blockbuster actor Vijay’s Theri. He was the title winner in dance reality show like a Ungalil yar adutha Prabhudeva.
Sandy or Santhosh Kumar debut season of Maanada Mayilada Dance show choreographed movie poda podi, gethu etc.
Jeffrey #hotshoe# dance club owner,southindia profesional certified salsa dancer
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Watch Star Vijay Reality Show Kings of Dance 2 – Every Saturday and Sunday at 9.30 P.M". www.tholaikatchi.in. Retrieved 2017-10-06.
Jump up ^ "விஜய் டிவியில் 'கிங்ஸ் ஆப் டான்ஸ்' சீசன் 2 ஆரம்பம்" (in Tamil). www.screen4screen.com. Retrieved 2017-10-06.
Jump up ^ "கிங்ஸ் ஆப் டான்ஸ் சீசன் 2 அக்டோபர் 7ஆம் திகதி முதல்" (in Tamil). cinema.dinamalar.com. Retrieved 2017-10-05.
Jump up ^ "Time to put on your dancing shoes for Kings of Dance". timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 2017-10-07.
Jump up ^ "Gear up for the semi finals of Kings Of Dance 2". timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 2018-02-03.
Jump up ^ "Yobu -Mercyna are the third finalists of Kings of Dance 2". timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 2018-02-06.
External links[edit]
Vijay TV Official Website on Hotstar
Vijay TV: Saturday-Sunday @ 21:30 shows
Previous program
Kings of Dance (season 2)
(7 October 2017 - 4 March 2018)
Next program
Bigg Boss Tamil
(25 June – 30 September 2017) Villa To Village
(10 March- Present)
[hide]
v
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Programs broadcast by Star Vijay
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Ready Steady Po
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kings_of_Dance_(season_2)&oldid=833027975"
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List of United States Navy aircraft squadrons
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This is a list of United States Navy aircraft squadrons. Deactivated or disestablished squadrons are listed in the List of Inactive United States Navy aircraft squadrons. Navy aircraft squadrons are typically composed of several aircraft (from as few as two to as many as several dozen), the officers who fly them and the men and women that maintain them. Most squadrons also have a number of other administrative support personnel. Some of the activities listed are not technically "squadrons", but they all operate U.S. Navy aircraft in some capacity.
Squadrons and their history are listed in the Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons (DANAS).
Contents
[hide]
1 Squadron organization
2 Types of squadrons
3 Squadron designations
4 Fixed Wing Squadrons
4.1 Electronic Attack
4.2 Carrier Airborne Early Warning
4.3 Strike Fighter
4.3.1 F/A-18E/F Super Hornet
4.3.2 F/A-18A/C Hornet
4.3.3 F-35C Lightning II
4.4 Fleet Air Reconnaissance
4.5 Fleet Fighter Composite
4.6 Fleet Logistics Support (VR)
4.7 Fleet Logistics Support (VRC)
4.8 Patrol
4.9 Other
5 Helicopter Squadrons
5.1 Helicopter Mine Countermeasures Squadron
5.2 Helicopter Sea Combat Squadrons
5.3 Helicopter Maritime Strike Squadrons
6 Training Squadrons
6.1 Fixed Wing Training Squadrons
6.2 Helicopter Training Squadrons
7 UAV Squadrons
7.1 Unmanned Patrol Squadrons
8 Test and Evaluation
9 See also
10 References
Squadron organization[edit]
Navy squadron organizational chart. (Click the diagram to enlarge it)
Active duty squadrons are typically commanded by a Commander. Second in command is the Executive Officer (XO), also a Commander. The XO typically assumes command of the squadron after approximately 15 months. There are typically four functional departments - Operations, Maintenance, Safety/NATOPS, and Administration - each led by a Lieutenant Commander functioning as the Department Head. Within the departments are Divisions (each typically headed by a Lieutenant) and Branches (headed by a Lieutenant, junior grade or a Chief Petty Officer).
Reserve squadrons are also commanded by a Commander, with another Commander as the XO who will also assume command after approximately 15 months. However, reserve squadron demographics are typically older and more senior in rank than their active duty squadron counterparts. Department Heads in reserve squadrons are typically senior Lieutenant Commanders, although some may be recently promoted Commanders. Where this difference in maturity level becomes more apparent is at the Division Officer level. Since most officers in reserve squadrons previously served on active duty in the Regular Navy in a flying status for eight to ten or more years, they are typically already Lieutenant Commanders, or achieve that rank shortly after transferring to the Navy Reserve. As a result, Lieutenants are a minority and Lieutenants, junior grade, practically non-existent in reserve squadrons. As a result, Divisions are typically headed by Lieutenant Commanders and Branches by Lieutenants, Senior Chief Petty Officers or Chief Petty Officers.
Types of squadrons[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Navy aircraft are classified by Type (rotary wing, fixed wing), Model (e.g. SH-60), and Series (e.g., SH-60B versus SH-60F).
Squadrons can be categorized in a number of ways: Active versus Navy Reserve, land-based versus sea-based, fixed wing versus rotary wing (helicopter) vs Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and by mission. Unlike the USAF, US Army, and USMC, the US Navy does not typically refer to other organizations (such as maintenance or medical units) as "squadrons". An exception to this is that US Navy destroyers and submarines are administratively grouped by "squadrons".
Active squadrons are those in the regular US Navy. Reserve squadrons are in the US Navy Reserve and are manned by a combination of full-time and part-time reservists. For the most part, there is no way to know by the squadron's name alone whether it is an active or reserve squadron. There are Reserve elements of many Active squadrons, and active duty personnel serving in many Reserve squadrons. In general, reserve squadrons share the same missions as their active counterparts, although there are Reserve missions (e.g., Adversary and Fleet Logistics Support) that have no Active counterpart.
At any one time, the US Navy has approximately 600 aircraft that are associated with particular ships. There are also several thousand additional Navy aircraft that are capable of shipboard operations, but are not associated with a ship. The Navy also has several hundred land-based aircraft that are not capable of shipboard operations.
Squadrons are listed here by type (fixed/rotary wing) and by mission.
Squadron designations[edit]
Navy aircraft squadrons can be properly referred to by designation or nickname. The designations describe the squadron's mission and therefor the general type of aircraft.
The Formal form designation (e.g., Strike Fighter Squadron EIGHT SIX) indicates the mission.
A subset of the formal form designation is a Navy acronym format in capital letters, e.g., STKFITRON EIGHT SIX
The abbreviated designation (e.g., VFA-86) also indicates the type and mission, as each of the letters has a meaning. In this case, "V" stands for fixed wing, "F" stands for fighter, and "A" stands for attack.
Nickname – e.g., "Sidewinders".
Fixed Wing Squadrons[edit]
Most Navy fixed wing squadron designations start with the letter "V". An exception to this was the use of "RVAH" to denote Reconnaissance Attack Squadrons which operated the RA-5C Vigilante during the 1960s and 1970s.
Electronic Attack[edit]
Boeing EA-18G Growler
Prior to 1998 VAQ squadrons were called "Tactical Electronic Warfare" squadrons. A typical Electronic Attack Squadron consists of five Boeing EA-18G Growlers. The primary mission of the Growler is Electronic Attack (EA), also known as Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (SEAD) in support of strike aircraft and ground troops by interrupting enemy electronic activity and obtaining tactical electronic intelligence within the combat area. Navy Electronic Attack squadrons carry the letters VAQ (V-fixed wing, A-attack, Q-electronic). Most VAQ squadrons are carrier based, however a number are "expeditionary", deploying to overseas land bases. When not deployed (either on land or carrier), they are home-ported at NAS Whidbey Island. The exception is VAQ-141, which is forward deployed to NAF Atsugi, Japan.[1]
Squadron Designation
Insignia
Nickname
Aircraft[2]
Notes
VAQ-129 Vikings EA-18G Formerly VAH-10
FRS
NAS Whidbey Island
Established May 1, 1961
VAQ-130 Zappers EA-18G Formerly VAW-13
CVW-3
NAS Whidbey Island
Established September 1, 1959
VAQ-131 Lancers EA-18G Formerly VP-920, VP-ML-70, VP-931, VP-57, VAH-4
CVW-8
NAS Whidbey Island
Established May 1, 1946
VAQ-132 Scorpions EA-18G Formerly VAH-2
Expeditionary
NAS Whidbey Island
Established November 1, 1955
VAQ-133 (2nd) Wizards EA-18G CVW-9
NAS Whidbey Island
Established April 1, 1996
(There was an earlier squadron designated VAQ-133 also called the "Wizards" which existed from 4 Mar 1969 to Jun 1992)
VAQ-134 Garudas EA-18G Expeditionary
NAS Whidbey Island
Established June 17, 1969
VAQ-135 Black Ravens EA-18G Expeditionary
NAS Whidbey Island
Established May 15, 1969
VAQ-136 Gauntlets EA-18G CVW-2
NAS Whidbey Island
Established April 6, 1973
VAQ-137 (2nd) Rooks EA-18G CVW-1
NAS Whidbey Island
Established October 1, 1996
(There was an earlier squadron designated VAQ-137 also called the "Rooks" which existed from 14 Dec 1973 to 26 May 1994)
VAQ-138 Yellowjackets EA-18G Expeditionary
NAS Whidbey Island
Established February 27, 1976
VAQ-139 Cougars EA-18G CVW-17
NAS Whidbey Island
Established July 1, 1983
VAQ-140 Patriots EA-18G CVW-7
NAS Whidbey Island
Established October 1, 1985
VAQ-141 Shadowhawks EA-18G CVW-5
NAF Atsugi
Established July 1, 1987
VAQ-142 (2nd) Gray Wolves EA-18G CVW-11
NAS Whidbey Island
Established April 1, 1997
(There was an earlier squadron designated VAQ-142 called the "Grim Watchdogs" which existed from 1 Jun 1988 to March 1991)
VAQ-209 Star Warriors EA-18G USNR
Tactical Support Wing
NAS Whidbey Island
Established October 1, 1977
Carrier Airborne Early Warning[edit]
Each Carrier Airborne Early Warning squadron consists of four E-2C Hawkeyes except for the FRS which has more. Transition to the E-2D Hawkeye is in progress and should be complete by 2025. The Hawkeye's primary mission is to provide all-weather airborne early warning, airborne battle management and command and control (C2) functions for the carrier strike group and Joint Force Commander. Additional missions include surface surveillance coordination, air interdiction, offensive and defensive counter air control, close air support coordination, time critical strike coordination, search and rescue airborne coordination and communications relay. The E-2 Hawkeye and C-2 Greyhound are built on the same airframe and have many similar characteristics. For this reason, both aircraft are trained for in the same Fleet Replacement Squadron.[3]
E-2C Hawkeye
E-2D Hawkeye
Squadron Designation
Insignia
Nickname
Aircraft
Notes
VAW-113 Black Eagles E-2C CVW-2
NAS Pt. Mugu
Established April 20, 1967
VAW-115 Liberty Bells E-2D Expeditionary
NAS Pt. Mugu
Established April 20, 1967
VAW-116 Sun Kings E-2C CVW-17
NAS Pt. Mugu
Established April 20, 1967
VAW-117 Wallbangers E-2C CVW-11
NAS Pt. Mugu
Established July 1, 1974
VAW-120 Grey Hawks E-2C/D
C-2 Formerly RVAW-120
FRS
NS Norfolk
Established July 1, 1967
VAW-121 Blue Tails E-2D CVW-7
NS Norfolk
Established April 1, 1967
VAW-123 Screwtops E-2C CVW-3
NS Norfolk
Established April 1, 1967
VAW-124 Bear Aces E-2C CVW-8
NS Norfolk
Established September 1, 1967
VAW-125 Tigertails E-2D CVW-5
MCAS Iwakunii
Established October 1, 1968
VAW-126 Seahawks E-2D CVW-1
NS Norfolk
Established April 1, 1969
Strike Fighter[edit]
A Strike Fighter Squadron consists of either ten F/A-18C Hornets, twelve F/A-18E/F Super Hornets, and in future, ten F-35C Lightning IIs.[4][5] Training squadrons (known as fleet replacement squadrons) have many more aircraft. The Hornet is an all-weather aircraft that is used for attack and fighter missions. In its fighter mode, the F/A-18 is used primarily as a fighter escort and for fleet air defense; in its attack mode, it is used for force projection, interdiction and close and deep air support. The F/A-18 is also used for SEAD and aerial refueling.[6] The F-35C is a fifth-generation strike fighter that is replacing the Navy's F/A-18 Hornets and will serve alongside the Super Hornet.
F/A-18E/F Super Hornet[edit]
according to USN Fact File[7]
Squadron Designation
Insignia
Nickname
Aircraft
Notes
VFA-2 Bounty Hunters F/A-18F Formerly VF-2(5th)
CVW-2
NAS Lemoore
Established October 1, 1972
VFA-11 Red Rippers F/A-18F Formerly VF-43(4th), VF-11(3rd)
CVW-1
NAS Oceana
Established September 1, 1950
VFA-14 Tophatters F/A-18E Formerly Air Det Pacflt, VT-5, VP-4-1, VF-4(1st), VF-1(1st), VF-1B(1st), VB-2B, VB-3, VB-4, VS-41, VB-41, VB-4, VA-1A, VA-14, VF-14(2nd)
CVW-9
NAS Lemoore
Established September 1919
VFA-22 Fighting Redcocks F/A-18F Formerly VF-63, VA-63, VA-22
CVW-17
NAS Lemoore
Established July 28, 1948
VFA-25 Fist of the Fleet F/A-18E Formerly VT-7, VA-6B, VA-65(1st), VA-25(2nd)
CVW-9
NAS Lemoore
Established January 1, 1943
VFA-27 Royal Maces F/A-18E Formerly VA-27
CVW-5
NAF Atsugi
Established September 1, 1967
VFA-31 Tomcatters F/A-18E Formerly VF-1B(2nd), VF-6(2nd), VF-3(3rd), VF-3A, VF-31(2nd)
CVW-8
NAS Oceana
Established July 1, 1935
VFA-32 Swordsmen F/A-18F Formerly VBF-3, VF-4A, VF-32(2nd)
CVW-3
NAS Oceana
Established February 1, 1945
VFA-41 Black Aces F/A-18F Formerly VF-41(4th)
CVW-9
NAS Lemoore
Established September 1, 1950
VFA-81 Sunliners F/A-18E Formerly VA-66(1st), VF-81(4th), VA-81
CVW-17
NAS Oceana
Established July 1, 1955
VFA-86 Sidewinders F/A-18E Formerly VF-921(USNR), VF-84(2nd), VA-86(2nd)
CVW-7
NAS Lemoore
Established February 1, 1951
VFA-87 Golden Warriors F/A-18E Formerly VA-87
CVW-8
NAS Oceana
Established February 1, 1968
VFA-94 Mighty Shrikes F/A-18F Formerly VF-94(2nd), VA-94(2nd)
CVW-17
NAS Lemoore
Established March 26, 1952
VFA-97 Warhawks F/A-18E Formerly VA-97
CVW-9
NAS Lemoore
Established June 1, 1967
VFA-102 Diamondbacks F/A-18F Formerly VA-36(2nd), VF-102(2nd)
CVW-5
NAF Atsugi
Established July 1, 1955
VFA-103 Jolly Rogers F/A-18F Formerly VF-103
CVW-7
NAS Oceana
Established May 1, 1952
VFA-105 Gunslingers F/A-18E Formerly VA-105(2nd)
CVW-3
NAS Oceana
Established March 4, 1968
VFA-106 Gladiators F/A-18A/B/C/D/E/F FRS
NAS Oceana
Established April 27, 1984
VFA-113 Stingers F/A-18E Formerly VF-113, VA-113
CVW-17
NAS Lemoore
Established July 15, 1948
VFA-115 Eagles F/A-18E Formerly VT-11, VA-124, VA-115
CVW-5
NAF Atsugi
Established October 10, 1942
VFA-122 Flying Eagles F/A-18E/F FRS
NAS Lemoore
Established January 15, 1999
VFA-136 Knighthawks F/A-18E CVW-1
NAS Lemoore
Established July 1, 1985
VFA-137 Kestrels F/A-18E CVW-2
NAS Lemoore
Established July 1, 1985
VFA-143 Pukin' Dogs F/A-18E Formerly VF-871(USNR), VF-123, VF-53(3rd), VF-143(2nd)
CVW-7
NAS Oceana
Established July 20, 1950
VFA-146 Blue Diamonds F/A-18E Formerly VA-146
CVW-11
NAS Lemoore
Established February 1, 1956
VFA-147 Argonauts F/A-18E Formerly VA-147
CVW-11
NAS Lemoore
Established February 1, 1967
VFA-151 Vigilantes F/A-18E Formerly VF-23(2nd), VF-151(4th)
CVW-9
NAS Lemoore
Established August 6, 1948
VFA-154 Black Knights F/A-18F Formerly VFB-718(USNR), VF-68A(USNR), VF-837(USNR), VF-154
CVW-11
NAS Lemoore
Established July 1946
VFA-192 Golden Dragons F/A-18E Formerly VF-153(1st), VF-15A, VF-151(2nd), VF-192(2nd), VA-192
CVW-9
NAS Lemoore
Established March 26, 1945
VFA-195 Dambusters F/A-18E Formerly VT-19, VA-20A, VA-195
CVW-5
NAF Atsugi
Established August 15, 1943
VFA-211 Checkmates F/A-18F Formerly VB-74, VA-1B, VA-24, VF-24(2nd), VF-211(2nd)
CVW-1
NAS Oceana
Established May 1, 1945
VFA-213 Black Lions F/A-18F Formerly VF-213
CVW-8
NAS Oceana
Established June 22, 1955
F/A-18A/C Hornet[edit]
"F/A-18 Hornet strike fighter". USN Fact File. United States Navy.
Squadron Designation
Insignia
Nickname
Aircraft
Notes
VFA-34 Blue Blasters F/A-18C Formerly VA-34(3rd)
CVW-2
NAS Oceana
Established January 1, 1970
VFA-37 Ragin Bulls F/A-18C Formerly VA-37
CVW-3
NAS Oceana
Established July 1, 1967
VFA-83 Rampagers F/A-18C Formerly VF-961(USNR), VF-83(3rd), VA-83
CVW-7
NAS Oceana
Established February 1, 1951
VFA-204 River Rattlers F/A-18A Formerly VA-204
USNR
Tactical Support Wing
NAS JRB New Orleans
Established July 1, 1970
F-35C Lightning II[edit]
VFA-101 received its first F-35C at Eglin AFB, 22 June 2013.
Squadron Designation
Insignia
Nickname
Aircraft
Notes
VFA-101 Grim Reapers F-35C Formerly VF-101
FRS
Eglin Air Force Base
Established May 1, 1952; deactivated September 30, 2005; re-activated May 1, 2012
VFA-125 Rough Raiders F-35C FRS
Naval Air Station Lemoore
Established Nov 13, 1980; deactivated October 1, 2010; re-activated January 12, 2017
VX-9 Vampires F-35C Test and Evaluation
Edwards Air Force Base
Established May 1, 2012
Fleet Air Reconnaissance[edit]
EP-3E Aries II
E-6B Mercury
Fleet Air Reconnaissance Squadron ONE is the Navy's only land-based signals intelligence (SIGINT) reconnaissance squadron. The 13 aircraft in the Navy's inventory are based on the Orion P-3 airframe and provide fleet and theater commanders worldwide with near real-time tactical SIGINT. With sensitive receivers and high-gain dish antennas, the EP-3E exploits a wide range of electronic emissions from deep within targeted territory.
Fleet Air Reconnaissance Squadrons THREE and FOUR provide communications relay and strategic airborne command post missions. They provide survivable, reliable, and endurable airborne command, control, and communications between the National Command Authority (NCA) and U.S. strategic and non-strategic forces. The TACAMO ("Take Charge and Move Out") mission links the NCA with naval ballistic missile submarine forces during times of crisis. The aircraft carries a very low frequency communication system with dual trailing wire antennae. The E-6B is a dual-mission aircraft, capable of fulfilling the airborne strategic command post mission and is equipped with an airborne launch control system (ALCS), which is capable of launching U.S. land based intercontinental ballistic missiles.[8]
Fleet Air Reconnaissance Squadron SEVEN is the E-6B Fleet Replacement Squadron, providing initial and requalification training for pilots, aircrews, and maintainers. It operates E-6B's on loan from VQ-3 and VQ-4, having returned its leased Lauda Air 737-600.
Squadron Designation
Insignia
Nickname
Aircraft
Notes
VQ-1 World Watchers EP-3E NAS Whidbey Island
Established 1 June 1955
VQ-3 Ironman E-6B Tinker AFB
Established 1 July 1968
VQ-4 Shadows E-6B Tinker AFB
Established 1 July 1968
VQ-7 Roughnecks E-6B Formerly Naval Training Support Unit (NTSU)
FRS
Tinker AFB
Re-designated VQ-7 1 November 1999
Fleet Fighter Composite[edit]
F-5s.
Fleet Fighter Composite squadrons provide adversary simulation for fleet squadrons. All VFC squadrons are from the Navy Reserve.
Squadron Designation
Insignia
Nickname
Aircraft
Notes
VFC-12 Fighting Omars F/A-18A+/B Reserve
NAS Oceana
VFC-13 Saints F-5 Reserve
NAS Fallon
VFC-111 Sundowners F-5 Reserve
NAS Key West
Fleet Logistics Support (VR)[edit]
C-20.
C-130.
C-40A.
Fleet Logistics Support squadrons operate Navy unique airlift aircraft on a worldwide basis to provide responsive, flexible, and rapidly deployable air logistics support required to sustain combat operations from the sea. During peacetime, squadrons provide air logistics support for all Navy commands as well as provide continuous quality training for mobilization readiness. Fleet Logistics Support squadrons have no counterpart in the Regular Navy. They represent 100% of the Navy's medium and heavy intra-theater airlift, and operate year-round, around the world providing the critical link between deployed seagoing units and air mobility command logistics hubs. VR-1 provides dedicated airlift support to the Office of the Secretary of the Navy, Chief of Naval Operations and Commandant of the Marine Corps. All VR squadrons are from the Navy Reserve.
Squadron Designation
Insignia
Nickname
Aircraft
Notes
VR-1 Star Lifters C-37B Reserve
Joint Base Andrews
VR-51 Windjammers C-20G Reserve
MCAS Kaneohe Bay
VR-53 Capital Express C-130T Reserve
Naval Air Facility Washington
VR-54 Revelers C-130T Reserve
NAS JRB New Orleans
VR-55 Minutemen C-130T Reserve
NAS Point Mugu
VR-56 Globemasters C-40 Reserve
NAS Oceana
VR-57 Conquistadors C-40 Reserve
NAS North Island
VR-58 Sunseekers C-40 Reserve
NAS Jacksonville
VR-59 Lone Star Express C-40 Reserve
NAS JRB Fort Worth
VR-61 Islanders C-40 Reserve
NAS Whidbey Island
VR-62 Nomads C-130T Reserve
NAS Jacksonville
(Relocated from NAS Brunswick in 2009)
VR-64 Condors C-130T Reserve
Joint Base McGuire, Dix, Lakehurst
(Relocated from NAS Willow Grove in Mar 2011)
Formerly VP-64 – redesignated 18 Sep 2004
Fleet Logistics Support (VRC)[edit]
C-2A Greyhound
There are two Fleet Logistic Support squadrons equipped with the C-2A Greyhound Carrier Onboard Delivery (COD) aircraft - one on each coast. VRC-30 is based at Naval Air Station North Island, VRC-40 is based at Naval Station Norfolk. These squadrons send two-plane detachments with each deploying aircraft carrier. The C-2A Greyhound, more commonly referred to as a "COD" (short for Carrier onboard delivery), is used to deliver high priority parts, supplies, people, and mail to/from the carrier and shore sites near the carrier operating area.
Squadron Designation
Insignia
Nickname
Aircraft
Notes
VRC-30 Providers C-2A NAS North Island
VRC-30 Det 1 Hustlers C-2A CVW-14
VRC-30 Det 2 Roughnecks C-2A CVW-2
VRC-30 Det 3 Crusaders C-2A CVW-11
VRC-30 Det 4 Pure Horsepower C-2A CVW-9
VRC-30 Det 5 Providers C-2A CVW-5
Squadron Designation
Insignia
Nickname
Aircraft
Notes
VRC-40 Det 1 Rawhides C-2A CVW-3
VRC-40 Det 2 Rawhides C-2A CVW-1
VRC-40 Det 3 Rawhides C-2A CVW-7
VRC-40 Det 4 Rawhides C-2A CVW-17
VRC-40 Det 5 Rawhides C-2A CVW-8
Patrol[edit]
P-3C Orion
Maritime patrol aircraft are used primarily for reconnaissance, anti-surface warfare and anti-submarine warfare. Volume 2 of the Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons contains comprehensive histories over 150 patrol squadrons. Its Appendix 7 details the lineage of every VP, VPB, VP(H), and VP(AM) squadron from 1922 through the late 1990s.
P-8A Poseidon.
Squadron Designation
Insignia
Nickname
Aircraft
Notes
VP-1 Screaming Eagles P-3C NAS Whidbey Island
VP-4 Skinny Dragons P-8A NAS Whidbey Island
VP-5 Mad Foxes P-8A NAS Jacksonville
VP-8 Tigers P-8A NAS Jacksonville
VP-9 Golden Eagles P-3C MCAS Kaneohe Bay
VP-10 Red Lancers P-8A NAS Jacksonville
VP-16 War Eagles P-8A NAS Jacksonville
VP-26 Tridents P-8A NAS Jacksonville
VP-30 Pro's Nest P-3C
P-8A FRS
NAS Jacksonville
VP-40 Fighting Marlins P-3C NAS Whidbey Island
VP-45 Pelicans P-8A NAS Jacksonville
VP-46 Grey Knights P-3C NAS Whidbey Island
VP-47 Golden Swordsmen P-8A NAS Whidbey Island
VP-62 Broadarrows P-3C Reserve
NAS Jacksonville
VP-69 Totems P-3C Reserve
NAS Whidbey Island
VPU-2 Wizards P-3C MCAS Kaneohe Bay
Other[edit]
Some of these organizations are not technically "squadrons", however they have custody of and routinely fly Navy aircraft.
Blue Angels
Squadron Designation
Insignia
Nickname
Aircraft
Notes
Naval Flight Demonstration Squadron Blue Angels F/A-18A/B/C/D
C-130T NAS Pensacola
NAF El Centro
Naval Aviation Warfare Development Center NAWDC F/A-18A/B/C/D/E/F
F-16A/B
E-2C
EA-18G
MH-60S NAS Fallon
Naval Fighter Weapons School TOPGUN F/A-18E/F
F-16A/B NAS Fallon
Strike Fighter Weapons School Pacific F/A-18 NAS Lemoore
Pacific Missile Range Facility Outrider RC-26D
EC-26D Barking Sands
Helicopter Squadrons[edit]
Helo Master Plan
US Navy helicopters are used for antisubmarine warfare, antisurface warfare, mine warfare, combat search and rescue, special operations, and vertical replenishment missions. The USN helicopter community, in accordance with the "Helicopter Master Plan", is currently undergoing a transformation to reduce costs and infrastructure. The plan calls for expanding warfighting capabilities, modernizing the force, necking down from eight to three aircraft types, and consolidating force structure where possible. This plan is also leading to the renaming of many squadrons.[9] All Navy helicopter (or rotary wing) squadrons' informal names start with the letter "H".
Helicopter Mine Countermeasures Squadron[edit]
The Mine Countermeasures Squadrons employ 28 total MH-53E Sea Dragon helicopters. The primary mission of the Sea Dragon is Airborne Mine Countermeasures (AMCM). The MH-53 can operate from carriers and other warships and is capable of towing a variety of mine hunting/sweeping countermeasures systems.[10] The MH-53E Sea Dragon is also a capable heavy-lift asset, with three powerful turboshaft engines and a maximum take-off weight of 69,750 pounds (31,640 kg). This gives the Sea Dragon the capability to carry an impressive amount of cargo, personnel or equipment over long distances. The Sea Dragon remains in service as the Navy's only heavy-lift helicopter and only proven mine countermeasure platform. While not intended to specifically be the MH-53E's replacement, the U.S. Navy's largest-ever helicopter, the new Sikorsky CH-53K King Stallion, intended to start flying its evaluations in 2015, has an increased MTOW figure of some 84,700 lb (38,400 kg), some 14,950 lb (6,781 kg) heavier than the Sea Dragon.
An MH-53 delivers aid in Sumatra following the 2004 Tsunami.
Squadron Designation
Insignia
Nickname
Aircraft
Notes
HM-12(2nd) Sea Dragons MH-53E FRS
NS Norfolk
Established 1 Oct 2015
(There was an earlier squadron designated HM-12 also called the " Sea Dragons" which existed from 1 Apr 1971 to 30 Sep 1994)
HM-14 Vanguard MH-53E NS Norfolk
Established 12 May 1978
HM-15 Blackhawks MH-53E NS Norfolk
Established 2 Jan 1987
Helicopter Sea Combat Squadrons[edit]
The Helicopter Sea Combat Squadrons combine the strike rescue and ASUW capability of the former Helicopter Anti-submarine squadrons (HS) and the at sea logistics capability of the former Helicopter Combat Support squadrons (HC).[11]
An MH-60S Knighthawk conducts vertical replenishment (VERTREP)
Squadron Designation
Insignia
Nickname
Aircraft
Notes
HSC-2 Fleet Angels MH-60S Formerly HC-2(2nd)
(There was an earlier squadron designated HC-2 (established as HU-2) also called "Fleet Angels" which existed from 1 Apr 1948 to 30 Sep 1977)
FRS
NS Norfolk
Established 1 Apr 1987
HSC-3 Merlins MH-60S Formerly HC-3
FRS
NAS North Island
Established 1 Sep 1967
HSC-4 Black Knights MH-60S Formerly HS-4
CVW-2
NAS North Island
Established 30 Jun 1952
HSC-5 Nightdippers MH-60S Formerly HS-5
CVW-7
NS Norfolk
Established 3 Jan 1956
HSC-6 Indians MH-60S Formerly HS-6
CVW-17
NAS North Island
Established 1 Jun 1956
HSC-7 Dusty Dogs MH-60S Formerly HS-7(2nd)
(There was an earlier squadron designated HS-7 called the "Big Dippers" which existed from 2 Apr 1956 to 31 May 1966)
CVW-3
NS Norfolk
Established 15 Dec 1969
HSC-8 Eightballers MH-60S Formerly HS-8(2nd)
(There was an earlier squadron designated HS-8 also called "Eighballers" which existed from 1 Jun 1956 to 31 Dec 1968)
CVW-11
NAS North Island
Established 1 Nov 1969
HSC-9 Tridents MH-60S Formerly HS-3
CVW-8
NS Norfolk
Established 18 Jun 1952
HSC-11 Dragon Slayers MH-60S Formerly HS-11
CVW-1
NS Norfolk
Established 27 Jun 1957
HSC-12 Golden Falcons MH-60S Formerly HS-2
CVW-5
NAF Atsugi
Established 7 Mar 1952
HSC-14 Chargers MH-60S Formerly HS-14
CVW-9
NAS North Island
Established 10 Jul 1984
HSC-21 Blackjacks MH-60S Formerly HC-11
Expeditionary
NAS North Island
Established 1 Oct 1977
HSC-22 Sea Knights MH-60S Expeditionary
NS Norfolk
Established 29 Sep 2006
HSC-23 Wild Cards MH-60S Expeditionary
NAS North Island
Established 29 Sep 2006
HSC-25 Island Knights MH-60S Formerly HC-5(2nd)
Expeditionary
Andersen AFB
Established 3 Feb 1984
HSC-26 Chargers MH-60S Formerly HC-6
Expeditionary
NS Norfolk
Established 1 Sep 1967
HSC-28 Dragon Whales MH-60S Formerly HC-8
Expeditionary
NS Norfolk
Established 3 Dec 1984
HSC-85
(2006)

(2011) High Rollers (2006)
Fire Hawks (2011) MH-60S (2006)
HH-60H (2011) Formerly HS-85, HC-85
(USNR)
Naval Special Warfare Support
(Adopted "Firehawks" name and insignia from deactivated HCS-5)
NAS North Island
Established 1 Jul 1970
Helicopter Maritime Strike Squadrons[edit]
An MH-60R prepares to conduct sonar dip operations.
Helicopter Maritime Strike squadrons operate the MH-60R Seahawk. The first operational fleet squadron to receive the Romeo was HSM-71 in fiscal year 2008. The new squadron designation was created to reflect the MH-60Rs multi-mission capabilities.[12]
Squadron Designation
Insignia
Nickname
Aircraft
Notes
HSM-35 Magicians MH-60R, MQ-8B Expeditionary
NAS North Island
Established 2 May 2013.[13]
(There was an earlier squadron designated HSL-35 also called "Magicians" which existed from 15 Jan 1974 to 4 Dec 1992)
HSM-37 Easyriders MH-60R Formerly HSL-37
Expeditionary
MCAS Kanehoe Bay
Established 3 Jul 1975
HSM-40 Airwolves MH-60R Formerly HSL-40
FRS
NS Mayport
Established 4 Oct 1985
HSM-41 Seahawks MH-60R Formerly HSL-41
FRS
NAS North Island
Established 21 Jan 1983
HSM-46 Grandmasters MH-60R Formerly HSL-46
Expeditionary
NS Mayport
Established 7 Apr 1988
HSM-48 Vipers MH-60R Formerly HSL-48
Expeditionary
NS Mayport
Established 7 Sep 1989
HSM-49 Scorpions MH-60R Formerly HSL-49
Expeditionary
NAS North Island
Established 23 Mar 1990
HSM-51 Warlords MH-60R Formerly HSL-51
Expeditionary
NAF Atsugi
Established 1 Oct 1991
HSM-60 Jaguars MH-60R Formerly HSL-60
Expeditionary (USNR)
NAS Jacksonville
Established 1 April 2001
HSM-70 Spartans MH-60R CVW-8
NAS Jacksonville
Established 12 Feb 2009
HSM-71 Raptors MH-60R CVW-9
NAS North Island
Established 1 Mar 2012
HSM-72 Proud Warriors MH-60R Formerly HSL-42
CVW-1
NAS Jacksonville
Established 5 Oct 1984
HSM-73 Battle Cats MH-60R Formerly HSL-43
CVW-17
NAS North Island
Established 5 Oct 1984
HSM-74 Swamp Fox MH-60R Formerly HSL-44
CVW-3
NAS Jacksonville
Established 21 Aug 1986
HSM-75 Wolfpack MH-60R Formerly HSL-45
CVW-11
NAS North Island
Established 3 Oct 1986
HSM-77 Saberhawks MH-60R Formerly HSL-47
CVW-5
NAF Atsugi
First LAMPS squadron deployment aboard carrier[14]
Established 25 Sep 1987
HSM-78 Blue Hawks MH-60R CVW-2
NAS North Island
Established 1 Mar 2012
HSM-79 Griffins MH-60R CVW-7
NAS North Island
Established 2 Jun 2016
HSMWSL Talons MH-60R HSM Weapons School Atlantic
NS Mayport
HSMWSP Honey Badgers MH-60R HSM Weapons School Pacific
NAS North Island
Training Squadrons[edit]
Fixed Wing Training Squadrons[edit]
There are three types of fixed wing training squadrons - Primary, Intermediate, and Advanced - that train Student Naval Aviators to become United States Naval Aviators and Naval Flight Officers in the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. Navy training aircraft are typically painted orange and white, the exception are the T-6As flown by TRAWING Six. The T-6As were procured along with the USAF's T-6As and are painted in the same blue and white color scheme as the USAF's T-6As.
T-6B Texan II
T-45 Goshawk
T-44 Pegasus
Squadron Designation
Insignia
Nickname
Aircraft
Notes
VT-2 Doerbirds T-6B Formerly Basic Training Group-2 (BTG-2)
Re-designated VT-2 on 1 May 1960
Primary
TRAWING 5, NAS Whiting Field
VT-3 Red Knights T-6B Formerly BTG-3
Re-designated VT-3 on 1 May 1960
Primary
TRAWING 5, NAS Whiting Field
VT-4 Warbucks Multi-Crew Simulator Formerly BTG-9
Re-designated VT-4 on 1 May 1960 (Inactive Dec 2010 - Jun 2013)
NFO Advanced MPA, TACAMO, AEW
TRAWING 6, NAS Pensacola
VT-6 Shooters T-6B Formerly Multi-Engine Training Group (METG)
Established 1 Jul 56, redesig to VT-6 on 1 May 1960
Primary
TRAWING 5, NAS Whiting Field
VT-7 Eagles T-45C Formerly BTG-7
Established 1 Jun 58, redesig to VT-7 on 1 Jul 1960
Intermediate Tailhook, Advanced Jet
TRAWING 1, NAS Meridian
VT-9 (2nd) Tigers T-45C Formerly VT-19
Established 2 Aug 71, redesig to VT-9 on 1 Oct 1998
(There was an earlier training squadron designated VT-9 also called "Tigers" which existed from 15 Dec 1961 to Jul 1987)
Intermediate Tailhook, Advanced Jet
TRAWING 1, NAS Meridian
VT-10 Wildcats T-6A
Formerly Basic Naval Aviation Officer (BNAO) school
Established Jun 1960, redesig to VT-10 on 15 Jan 1968
NFO Primary/Intermediate
TRAWING 6, NAS Pensacola
VT-21 Redhawks T-45C Formerly Advanced Training Unit-202 (ATU-202)
Established Apr 1951, redesig VT-21 on 1 May 1960
Intermediate Tailhook, Advanced Jet
TRAWING 2, NAS Kingsville
VT-22 Golden Eagles T-45C Formerly ATU-6, Jet Transitional Training Unit-1 (JTTU-1), ATU-3, ATU-212
Established 13 Jun 1949, redesig VT-22 on 1 May 1960
Intermediate Tailhook, Advanced Jet
TRAWING 2, NAS Kingsville
VT-27 Boomers T-6B Formerly ATU-B, ATU-402
Established 11 Jul 1951, redesig VT-27 on 1 Jul 1960
Primary
TRAWING 4, NAS Corpus Christi
VT-28 Rangers T-6B Formerly ATU-611
Re-designated to VT-28 on 1 May 1960
Primary
TRAWING 4, NAS Corpus Christi
VT-31 Wise Owls T-44C Formerly ATU-601
Established Feb 1958, redesig VT-31 on 1 May 1960
Advanced Multi-engine
TRAWING 4, NAS Corpus Christi
VT-35 Stingrays T-44C Established 29 Oct 1999
Advanced Multi-engine
TRAWING 4, NAS Corpus Christi
VT-86 Sabrehawks T-45C Established 5 Jun 1972
NFO Advanced Jet
TRAWING 6, NAS Pensacola
Helicopter Training Squadrons[edit]
The United States Navy's Helicopter Training Squadrons provide advanced helicopter flight instruction to all Navy, US Marine Corps, and United States Coast Guard helicopter flight students as well as international students from several allied nations after completion of primary flight training in one of the VT squadrons. Students who successfully complete the program earn the right to wear the coveted "Wings of Gold."[15] and will receive orders to their selected aircraft's FRS.
TH-57 training helicopter from HT-8 makes a landing aboard the Navy Helicopter Landing Trainer (HLT) IX-514
Squadron Designation
Insignia
Nickname
Aircraft
Notes
HT-8 Eightballers TH-57B/C Formerly HTU-1, HTG-1
TRAWING 5
NAS Whiting Field
Established 3 Dec 1950
HT-18 Vigilant Eagles TH-57B/C TRAWING 5
NAS Whiting Field
Established 1 Mar 1972
HT-28 Hellions TH-57B/C TRAWING 5
NAS Whiting Field
Established 2 May 2007
UAV Squadrons[edit]
Unmanned Patrol Squadrons[edit]
Unmanned maritime patrol aircraft are used for Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance.
MQ-4C Triton.
Squadron Designation
Insignia
Nickname
Aircraft
Notes
VUP-11 TBD TBD MQ-4C Triton To be established in 2018[16]
VUP-19 TBD Big Red MQ-4C Triton NAS Jacksonville
NAS Point Mugu (detachment)
Established October 1, 2016[17][18]
Test and Evaluation[edit]
Test and Evaluation squadrons test everything from basic aircraft flying qualities to advanced aerodynamics. VX-1 and VX-9 report to the Commander, Operational Test and Evaluation Force (OPTEVFOR).
VX-23 jets.
Squadron Designation
Insignia
Nickname
Aircraft
Notes
USN Test Pilot School Various NAS Patuxent River
VX-1 Pioneers P-3C
MH-60R
MH-60S
SH-60F
EP-3E
E-6B
KC-130J
E-2C
RQ-4
P-8A Evaluation of airborne
anti-submarine warfare
and maritime anti-surface warfare
weapons
NAS Patuxent River[19]
VXS-1 Warlocks P-3
C-12 formerly NRL's Flight Support Detachment
Scientific Development
NAS Patuxent River[19]
VX-9 Vampires F/A-18A/A+/A++/B/C/D/E/F
EA-18G
Operational Weapons Test
NAWS China Lake
VX-20 Force E-2C
P-3C
C-130
C-2A
E-6B
T-34C Force Warfare Aircraft Test
NAS Patuxent River[20]
HX-21 Blackjack AH-1Z
UH-1Y
MH-60R
MH-60S
MV-22B
AH-1W
UH-1N
VH-3A
CH-53E
TH-57C
SH-60F Rotary Wing Aircraft Test
NAS Patuxent River[21]
VX-23 Salty Dogs F-35B/C
F/A-18A/A+/A++/B/C/D/E/F
EA-6B
EA-18G
T-45 Strike Aircraft Test
NAS Patuxent River
VX-30 Bloodhounds C-130
P-3 All Variants
S-3B
F/A-18A/A+/A++/B/C/D/E/F Weapons Test
NAS Point Mugu
VX-31 Dust Devils F/A-18A/A+/A++/B/C/D/E/F
EA-18G
NEA-18G
P-3
C-130
AV-8
TAV-8B
T-39
AH-1Z
UH-1Y
and other variants Weapons Test
NAWS China Lake
See also[edit]
United States Navy portal
List of United States Navy aircraft wings
Naval aviation
List of inactive United States Navy aircraft squadrons
Modern US Navy carrier air operations
List of military aircraft of the United States (naval) / List of US Naval aircraft
United States Naval Aviator
Naval Flight Officer
United States Marine Corps Aviation
NATOPS
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "EA-18G Growler electronic warfare aircraft". USN Fact File. United States Navy.
Jump up ^ "US Navy retires Prowler electronic attack aircraft after close to 45 years' service - IHS Jane's 360". www.janes.com. Retrieved 2015-07-04.
Jump up ^ "E-2 Hawkeye early warning and control aircraft". USN Fact File. United States Navy. 5 February 2009. Retrieved 2014-10-20.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-10. Retrieved 2014-11-04.
Jump up ^ http://www.gao.gov/assets/250/243745.pdf
Jump up ^ A, C, and E models are single seat. B, D, and F models are two seat.
Jump up ^ "F/A-18 Hornet strike fighter". USN Fact File. United States Navy.
Jump up ^ "E-6B Airborne Command Post (ABNCP)". United States Strategic Command. Archived from the original on 2009-01-09.
Jump up ^ "The Helicopter Master Plan". Federation of American Scientists.
Jump up ^ "MH-53E Sea Dragon". USN Fact File. United States Navy.
Jump up ^ "Helicopter Sea Combat Wing, Pacific COMHELSEACOMBATWINGPAC". Global Security.
Jump up ^ All existing Helicopter Anti-Submarine Squadrons (Light) (HSL) transitioned to Helicopter Maritime Strike Squadrons. "MH-60R Seahawk". USN Fact File. United States Navy.
Jump up ^ London, Christina. "Navy Drone Squadron First of Its Kind."[permanent dead link] NBC San Diego, 3 May 2013.
Jump up ^ Utz, Curtis A; Mark L Evans; Dale J Gordon (July–August 2005). "The Year in Review 2004" (PDF). Naval Aviation News. United States Navy: 37. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-28.
Jump up ^ "Helicopter Training Squadron 8". Global Security.
Jump up ^ Burgess, Richard. B. Seapower Magazine. "Navy Plans for Poseidon Crew Control of Triton UAV." August 13, 2013. http://www.seapowermagazine.org/stories/20130813-triton.html.
Jump up ^ http://jaxairnews.jacksonville.com/military-jax-air-news/2016-11-02/story/vup-19-commissioning-ceremony
Jump up ^ Stewart, Joshua. "UAV squadron to stand up Oct. 1; 1st since 2007." February 5, 2013. http://www.armytimes.com/article/20130205/NEWS/302050316/.
^ Jump up to: a b "Naval Air Station Patuxent River Base Guide". DCMilitary.com. Comprint Military Publications. 2008-08-12. Archived from the original on 2013-01-21. Retrieved 2008-12-01.
Jump up ^ "VX-20 Aircraft Platforms". Air Test and Evaluation Squadron TWO ZERO. United States Navy. 2006-06-10. Archived from the original on August 28, 2009. Retrieved 2008-12-01.
Jump up ^ Carlson, Ted (Spring 2005). "HX-21 - Blackjack". Wings of Gold. Association of Naval Aviation. Archived from the original on 2007-12-29. Retrieved 2008-12-01.
[show]
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[show]
v
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United States Navy Aircraft Squadrons
Book
Category:Aircraft squadrons of the United States Navy
Electronic Attack (VAQ)
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
209
Carrier Airborne Early Warning (VAW)
112
113
115
116
117
120
121
123
124
125
126
Strike Fighter (VFA)
2
11
14
15
22
25
27
31
32
34
37
41
81
83
86
87
94
97
102
103
105
106
115
122
125
131
136
137
143
146
147
151
154
192
195
211
213
Fleet Air Reconnaissance (VQ)
1
3
4
7
Fleet Fighter Composite (VFC)
12
13
111
Fleet Logistics Support (VR)
1
46
48
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
61
62
64
Carrier Fleet Logistics Support (VRC)
30
40
Patrol
VP
1
4
5
6
8
9
10
16
22
23
24
26
30
40
41
42
43
45
46
47
60
62
64
65
66
67
68
69
90
91
92
93
VPU
1
2
Unmanned (VUP)
19
Training (VT)
2
3
4
6
7
9
10
21
22
27
28
31
35
86
Helicopter Mine Countermeasures (HM)
14
15
Helicopter Anti-Submarine Light (HSL)
37
40
43
44
45
46
48
49
51
60
Helicopter Sea Combat (HSC)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
11
12
14
15
21
22
23
25
26
28
84
85
Helicopter Maritime Strike (HSM)
35
41
70
71
77
78
79
Helicopter Training (HT)
8
18
28
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Concept testing
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Concept testing (to be distinguished from pre-test markets and test markets which may be used at a later stage of product development research)[1] is the process of using surveys (and sometimes qualitative methods) to evaluate consumer acceptance of a new product idea prior to the introduction of a product to the market.[2] It is important not to confuse concept testing with advertising testing, brand testing and packaging testing; as is sometimes done. Concept testing focuses on the basic product idea, without the embellishments and puffery inherent in advertising.
It is important that the instruments (questionnaires) to test the product have a high quality themselves. Otherwise, results from data gathered surveys may be biased by measurement error. That makes the design of the testing procedure more complex. Empirical tests provide insight into the quality of the questionnaire. This can be done by:
conducting cognitive interviewing. By asking a faction of potential-respondents about their interpretation of the questions and use of the questionnaire, a researcher can verify the viability of the cognitive interviewing.
carrying out a small pretest of the questionnaire, using a small subset of target respondents. Results can inform a researcher of errors such as missing questions, or logical and procedural errors.
estimating the measurement quality of the questions. This can be done for instance using test-retest,[3] quasi-simplex,[4] or mutlitrait-multimethod models.[5]
predicting the measurement quality of the question. This can be done using the software Survey Quality Predictor (SQP).[6]
Concept testing in the new product development (NPD) process is the concept generation stage. The concept generation stage of concept testing can take on many forms. Sometimes concepts are generated incidentally, as the result of technological advances. At other times concept generation is deliberate: examples include brain-storming sessions, problem detection surveys and qualitative research. While qualitative research can provide insights into the range of reactions consumers may have, it cannot provide an indication of the likely success of the new concept; this is better left to quantitative concept-test surveys.
In the early stages of concept testing, a large field of alternative concepts might exist, requiring concept-screening surveys. Concept-screening surveys provide a quick means to narrow the field of options; however they provide little depth of insight and cannot be compared to a normative database due to interactions between concepts. For greater insight and to reach decisions on whether or not pursue further product development, monadic concept-testing surveys must be conducted.
Frequently concept testing surveys are described as either monadic, sequential monadic or comparative. The terms mainly refer to how the concepts are displayed:
1.) Monadic. The concept is evaluated in isolation. 2.) Sequential monadic. Multiple concepts are evaluated in sequence (often randomized order). 3.) Comparative. Concepts are shown next to each other. 4.) Proto-monadic. Concepts are first shown in sequence, and then next to each other.
"Monadic testing is the recommended method for most concept testing. Interaction effects and biases are avoided. Results from one test can be compared to results from previous monadic tests. A normative database can be constructed."[7] However, each has its specific uses and it depends on the research objectives. The decision as to which method to use is best left to experience research professionals to decide, as there are numerous implications in terms of how the results are interpreted.
Contents
[hide]
1 Evaluating concept-test scores
2 Determining the importance of concept attributes as purchase drivers
3 See also
4 References
Evaluating concept-test scores[edit]
Traditionally concept-test survey results are compared to 'norms databases'.[8] These are databases of previous new-product concept tests. These must be 'monadic' concept tests, to prevent interaction effects. To be fair, it is important that these databases contain 'new' concept test results, not ratings of old products that consumers are already familiar with; since once consumers become familiar with a product the ratings often drop. Comparing new concept ratings to the ratings for an existing product already on the market would result in an invalid comparison, unless special precautions are taken by researchers to reduce or adjust for this effect quantitatively. Additionally, the concept is usually only compared to norms from the same product category, and the same country.
Companies that specialize in this area, tend to have developed their own unique systems, each with its own standards. Keeping to these standards consistently is important to preventing contamination of the results.
Perhaps one of the famous concept-test systems is the Nielsen Bases system, which comes in different versions. Other well-known products include Decision Analyst's 'Concept Check', Acupoll's 'Concept Optimizer', Ipsos Innoquest and GFK. Examples of smaller players include Skuuber and Acentric Express Test.
Determining the importance of concept attributes as purchase drivers[edit]
The simplest approach to determining attribute importance is to ask direct open-ended questions. Alternatively checklists or ratings of the importance of each product attribute may be used.
However, various debates have existed over whether or not consumers could be trusted to directly indicate the level of importance of each product attribute. As a result, correlation analysis and various forms of multiple regression have often been used for identifying importance - as an alternative to direct questions.
A complementary technique to concept testing, is conjoint analysis (also referred to as discrete choice modelling). Various forms of conjoint analysis and discrete choice modelling exist. While academics stress the differences between the two, in practice there is often little difference. These techniques estimate the importance of product attributes indirectly, by creating alternative products according to an experimental design, and then using consumer responses to these alternatives (usually ratings of purchase likelihood or choices made between alternatives) to estimate importance. The results are often expressed in the form of a 'simulator' tool which allows clients to test alternative product configurations and pricing.
Volumetric concept testing
Volumetric concept testing falls somewhere between traditional concept testing and pre-test market models (simulated test market models are similar but emphasize greater realism) in terms of the level of complexity. The aim is to provide 'approximate' sales volume forecasts for the new concept prior to launch. They incorporate other variables beyond just input from the concept test survey itself, such as the distribution strategy.
Examples of volumetric forecasting methodologies include 'Acupoll Foresight'[9] and Decision Analyst's 'Conceptor'.[10]
Some models (more properly referred to as 'pre-test market models' or 'simulated test markets')[11] gather additional data from a follow-up product testing survey (especially in the case of consumer packaged goods as repeat purchase rates need to be estimated). They may also include advertisement testing component that aims to assess advertising quality. Some such as Decision Analyst, include discrete choice models / conjoint analysis.
See also[edit]
marketing research
proof of concept
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Wind, Yoram (1984). NEW-PRODUCT FORECASTING MODELS AND APPLICATIONS. Lexington Books. ISBN 0-669-04102-5.
Jump up ^ Schwartz, David (1987). Concept Testing: How to Test New Product Ideas Before You Go to Market (1st ed.). American Management Association. ISBN 978-0814459058.
Jump up ^ Lord, F. and Novick, M. R.(1968). Statistical theories of mental test scores. Addison – Wesley.
Jump up ^ Heise, D. R.(1969). Separating reliability and stability in test-retest correlation. American Sociological Review, 34, 93-101.
Jump up ^ Andrews, F. M. (1984). Construct validity and error components of survey measures: a structural modelling approach. Public Opinion Quarterly, 48, 409-442.
Jump up ^ Saris, W. E. and Gallhofer, I. N. (2014). Design, evaluation and analysis of questionnaires for survey research. Second Edition. Hoboken, Wiley.
Jump up ^ Thomas, Jerry. "Concept Testing (And The "Uniqueness" Paradox)". Decision Analyst. Decision Analyst. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Thomas, Jerry. "Concept Testing (And The "Uniqueness" Paradox)". Decision Analyst. Decision Analyst. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "ForeSIGHT™ Going-Year Volume Estimates". Acupoll. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Conceptor® Volumetric Forecasting". Decision Analyst. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Wind, Yoram (1984). NEW-PRODUCT FORECASTING MODELS AND APPLICATIONS. Lexington Books. ISBN 0-669-04102-5.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Concept_testing&oldid=802899772"
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