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Chief Justice of Ghana
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The Chief Justice of Ghana is the highest judge of the Supreme Court of Ghana. The Chief Justice is also the head of the Judiciary of Ghana and is responsible for its administration and supervision.[1] In order of state precedence, the Chief Justice is the fourth highest official in Ghana.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Historical background
2 Appointment and office tenure
3 Supreme Court and other superior courts
4 Judicial Council
5 Other duties
6 Current Chief Justice
7 Early Chief Justices (and Judicial Assessors)
8 Chief Justices of the Supreme Court
8.1 Chief Justices of the Supreme Court of the Gold Coast
8.2 Chief Justices of Ghana
9 See also
10 Notes
11 References
12 External links
Historical background[edit]
The Supreme Court Ordinance of 1876 ended the 10-year absence of a Supreme Court, establishing a Supreme Court of Judicature for the Gold Coast Colony. The court consisted of the Chief Justice and not more than four puisne judges.[3] This led to the appointment of the first Chief Justice, Sir David Patrick Chalmers by the British colonial authorities in 1876. The nature of the office of Chief Justice evolved with the years. The 1954 Gold Coast constitution provided for the Chief Justice to be appointed on the advice of the Prime Minister while other judges and judicial officers were appointed on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission.[4] Under the 1957 Ghana constitution, on the attainment of independence, the Chief Justice and all superior justices were appointed on the advice of the Prime Minister as the Judicial Service Commission was abolished.[5] Sir Kobina Arku Korsah became the first Ghanaian Chief Justice.[6] Under the 1969 constitution, the Chief Justice was appointed by the President acting in consultation with the Council of State.[7] The office has not changed much since the 1979 constitution though the court system underwent a lot of changes under various military governments between 1972 and 1993.[8]
Appointment and office tenure[edit]
The Chief Justice is appointed by the President of Ghana in consultation with the Council of State of Ghana and with the approval of the Parliament of Ghana.[9] A person qualified to be the Chief Justice of Ghana must be of a high moral character and have proven integrity,. S/he must have been a lawyer for at least fifteen years to have been eligible for appointment to the Supreme Court in the first place.[10] Where the office of the Chief Justice is vacant or the Chief Justice is incapacitated and unable to carry out his duties, the most senior of the Justices of the Supreme Court is expected to act in his place until he is able to resume or a new substantive Chief Justice is appointed by the President.[11] The Chief Justice and any other justice of the Superior Courts may voluntarily retire on reaching the age of 60 years[12] or stay on till the compulsory retiring age of 70 years.[13]
Supreme Court and other superior courts[edit]
Main article: Supreme Court of Ghana
The Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice and at least nine other judges. The Chief Justice is expected to preside at all sittings of the Supreme Court whenever he or she is present.[14] The Chief Justice oversees the administration of the Court of Appeal of which he or she is the most senior member.[15] He or she is also a member and administrator of the High Court[16] and the Regional Tribunals.[17]
Judicial Council[edit]
The Chief Justice is the chairman of the Judicial Council of Ghana. The council is expected to propose judicial reforms to the Ghana government to help improve the level of administration of justice and efficiency in the Judiciary. It is also expected to be a forum to enhance the administration of justice in Ghana.[18]
Other duties[edit]
Administer the Presidential oath and the Vice Presidential oaths before parliament prior to both assuming their offices.[19]
Administer the oath of allegiance and the judicial oathto all justices of the Superior Courts or designate someone to act in his stead.[20]
Chairman of the Rules of Court Committee which makes rules regulating the practice and procedure of all courts in Ghana.[21]
To set up a tribunal to resolve grievances against the Electoral Commission of Ghana.[22]
Convene and chair a tribunal to oversee proceedings relating to the removal of the President of Ghana from office.[23]
Appoint Judicial officers on the advice of the Judicial Council and subject to the approval of the President.[24]
Current Chief Justice[edit]
Main article: Sophia Akuffo
The current Chief Justice is Sophia Akuffo. She succeeded Georgina Wood who was Ghana's first female Chief Justice. Akuffo was sworn in as Chief Justice by President Akufo-Addo on 19 June 2017.[25]
Early Chief Justices (and Judicial Assessors)[edit]
1853–?1854 James Coleman Fitzpatrick [26]
1854–1857 Henry Connor [27]
1861–1866 William Hackett (acting 1861–1863)[28]
1868 William Alexander Parker
Chief Justices of the Supreme Court[edit]
Since its inception in 1876, the Supreme Court has had 25 Chief Justices, including 13 in the Gold Coast era.[29][30]
Chief Justices of the Supreme Court of the Gold Coast[edit]
Chief Justice
Time frame
Period
Sir David Patrick Chalmers 1876 - 1878 Gold Coast
P. A. Smith 1878 - 1879 Gold Coast
Sir James Marshall 1880 - 1882 Gold Coast
N. Lessingham Bailey 1882 - 1886 Gold Coast
H. W Macleod[31] 1886 - 1889 Gold Coast
Sir Joseph Turner Hutchinson[32][33] 1889 - 1895 Gold Coast
Francis Smith (acting)[34][35] 1895 Gold Coast
Sir William Brandford Griffith 1895 - 1911 Gold Coast
Sir Philip Crampton Smyly 1911 - 1928 Gold Coast
Sir George Campbell Deane 1929 - 1935 Gold Coast
Sir Philip Bertie Petrides 1936 - 1943 Gold Coast
Sir Walter Harrangin 1943 - 1947 Gold Coast
Sir Mark Wilson 1948 - 1956 Gold Coast
Sir Kobina Arku Korsah 1956 - 5 March 1957 Gold Coast
Chief Justices of Ghana[edit]
Chief Justice
Time frame
Period
Sir Kobina Arku Korsah 6 March 1957 - 1963 Ghana - 1st Republic
J. Sarkodee-Addo 1964 - 1966
Edward Akufo-Addo 1966 - 1969 military rule[5] (1966-1969)
1969 - 1970 2nd Republic
Edmund Alexander Lanquaye Bannerman[7] 1970 -1972
Samuel Azu Crabbe 1973 - 1977 military rule[36]
Fred Kwasi Apaloo 1977 - 1986 military rule (1977-1979)
3rd Republic[8] (24 September 1979 - 31 December 1981)
[a]military rule[8] (31 December 1981 – 1986)
E. N. P. Sowah 1986 - 1990 military rule
Philip Edward Archer 1991 - 1993 military rule (1991-1993)
1993 - 1995 4th Republic
Isaac Kobina Abban 1995 - 21 April 2001
Edward Kwame Wiredu 2001 - 2003
George Kingsley Acquah 4 July 2003 - 25 March 2007
Georgina Theodora Wood [37] 15 June 2007 - 8 June 2017
Sophia Akuffo 19 June 2017[25] – present
Justice Francis Yaonasu Kpegah, the most senior of the Supreme Court judges acted as Chief Justice between March 2007 and June 2007.[11]
See also[edit]
Judiciary of Ghana
Supreme Court of Ghana
Notes[edit]
^ The Supreme Court was left intact under this military regime. See.[7]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ 1992 Constitution of Ghana Article 125(4).
Jump up ^ 1992 Constitution of Ghana Article 57 (2).
Jump up ^ "Historical Development of the Courts before Independence". Judicial Service of Ghana. p. 2. Archived from the original on 2007-10-06. Retrieved 2007-06-01.
Jump up ^ "Historical Development of the Courts before Independence". Judicial Service of Ghana. p. 3. Archived from the original on 2007-10-06. Retrieved 2007-06-01.
^ Jump up to: a b "Historical Development of the Courts after Independence". Official Website. Judicial Service of Ghana. p. 1. Archived from the original on 2007-10-06. Retrieved 2007-06-01.
Jump up ^ "Colonial Rule in Ghana". Ghana.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2007-05-29. Retrieved 2007-06-01.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Historical Development of the Courts after Independence". Official Website. Judicial Service of Ghana. p. 2. Archived from the original on 2007-10-06. Retrieved 2007-06-01.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Historical Development of the Courts After Independence". Official Website. Judicial Service of Ghana. p. 3. Archived from the original on 2007-10-06. Retrieved 2007-06-01.
Jump up ^ 1992 Constitution of Ghana Article 144 (1).
Jump up ^ 1992 Constitution of Ghana Article 128 (4).
^ Jump up to: a b 1992 Constitution of Ghana Article 144 (6).
Jump up ^ 1992 Constitution of Ghana Article 145 (1).
Jump up ^ 1992 Constitution of Ghana Article 145 (2)(a).
Jump up ^ 1992 Constitution of Ghana Article 128 (1) and (3).
Jump up ^ 1992 Constitution of Ghana Article 136.
Jump up ^ 1992 Constitution of Ghana Article 139.
Jump up ^ 1992 Constitution of Ghana Article 142.
Jump up ^ 1992 Constitution of Ghana Article 153.
Jump up ^ "Second Schedule". 1992 Constitution of Ghana. Ghana Review International. Retrieved 2007-06-01.
Jump up ^ 1992 Constitution of Ghana Article 156.
Jump up ^ 1992 Constitution of Ghana Article 157.
Jump up ^ 1992 Constitution of Ghana Article 48 (1)
Jump up ^ 1992 Constitution of Ghana Article 69.
Jump up ^ 1992 Constitution of Ghana Article 148.
^ Jump up to: a b "Full list of Chief Justices in Ghana since 1957". Ghanaweb. Ghanaweb. 19 June 2017. Retrieved 21 June 2017.
Jump up ^ sarbah, John. Fanti National Constitution. p. 163.
Jump up ^ Zimmermann, Reinhard. Southern Cross: Civil Law and Common Law in South Africa. p. 110.
Jump up ^ "General News, 1877". thetablet. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "List of Chief Justices". Official Website. Judicial Service of Ghana. Archived from the original on 2007-02-13. Retrieved 2007-03-26.
Jump up ^ "New Chief Justice for the Republic of Ghana". Official Website. Judicial Service of Ghana. Archived from the original on 2007-04-03. Retrieved 2007-06-06.
Jump up ^ The Law Journal. The Law Journal. 22-1887. London: F.E. Streeten. 1888-01-28. p. 248. Mr. Francis Smith, barrister, has been appointed a Puisne Judge of the Supreme Court of the Gold Coast Colony, in succession to Mr. Justice Macleod, who has been appointed Chief Justice of the Colony.
Jump up ^ "Colonial Service Gossip". The Colonies and India. London, England. 1895-03-30. p. 11. Retrieved 2016-09-23. (Subscription required (help)). Sir Joseph T. Hutchinson, late Chief Justice of the Gold Coast, has, after a brief holiday, left England to assume the duties of his new office as Chief Justice of Grenada. He is a stranger to the West Indies, but, if previous success counts for anything at all, he is sure of a brilliant career in the service. At present Sir Joseph Hutchinson is proceeding to Grenada on a less salary than that which he received on the Gold Coast, but the advantage of climate no doubt fully compensates him for the small loss of salary.
Jump up ^ "No. 26590". The London Gazette. 18 January 1895. p. 342. The Queen has been pleased to give directions for the appointment of Joseph Turner Hutchinson, Esq. (Chief Justice of the Gold Coast Colony), to be the Chief Justice of the Colony of Grenada.
Jump up ^ "Colonial Service Gossip". The Colonies and India. London. 1895-04-27. p. 12. Retrieved 2016-08-30. (Subscription required (help)). The appointment of Chief Justice of the Gold Coast Colony continues to occupy the attention of many officials in search of promotion. It was at one time thought that probably the important office would be given to Mr. Justice Francis Smith, the Senior Puisne Judge of the Gold Coast, who for the past eight years has held that office, previous to which he was Chief Magistrate of the Gambia for eight years. Other names have been mentioned as probable candidates, but it is very unlikely that Sir Joseph Hutchinson's successor will be selected from the present West Coast legal officials.
Jump up ^ "Colonial Service Gossip". The Colonies and India. London. 1895-07-06. p. 10. Retrieved 2016-08-31. (Subscription required (help)). Mr. Francis Smith, who is at present acting as Chief Justice of the Gold Coast, pending the arrival of Mr. W. Brandford Griffith, is a native of West Africa, and has held the appointment of a Puisne Judge of the Colony for the past eight years.
Jump up ^ "History - Summary". Official Website. Judicial Service of Ghana. Archived from the original on 2007-04-03. Retrieved 2007-06-01.
Jump up ^ "Kpegah urges new Chief Justice to unite judges". General News of Friday, 15 June 2007. Ghana Home Page. Retrieved 2007-06-16.
External links[edit]
List of Judges of the Superior Court of Judicature
Chapter 11 of the 1992 Ghana constitution:The Judiciary
Order of precedence
Preceded by
Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana Chief Justice of Ghana
[show]
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t
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Chief Justices of Ghana
Nkrumah era
Sir Kobina Arku Korsah
J. Sarkodee-Addo
Military rule
Edward Akufo-Addo†
Edmund A.L. Bannerman
Samuel Azu Crabbe
Fred Apaloo†
E. N. P. Sowah
Democratic era
Philip Edward Archer†
Isaac Kobina Abban
Edward Kwame Wiredu
George Kingsley Acquah
Georgina Wood
Sophia Akuffo
† served in both military and democratic eras
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Blue Bell Creameries
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Blue Bell Creameries
Type
Private
Industry
Ice cream
Founded
Brenham, Texas, U.S.
(1907; 111 years ago (1907))
Headquarters
Brenham, Texas
Key people
Ricky Dickson, President[1]
Revenue
Estimated US$680 million (2014)[2]
Website
bluebell.com
Blue Bell Creameries is an American food company that manufactures ice cream. It was founded in 1907 in Brenham, Texas. For much of its early history, the company manufactured both ice cream and butter locally. In the mid-20th century, it abandoned butter production and expanded to the entire state of Texas and soon much of the Southern United States. The company's corporate headquarters are located at the "Little Creamery" in Brenham, Texas.[3] Since 1919, it has been in the hands of the Kruse family. Despite being sold in a limited number of states, as of 2015 Blue Bell is the fourth highest-selling ice cream brand in the United States as a whole.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Operations
3 Products
4 2015 Listeriosis outbreak
4.1 Return
4.2 Justice Department investigation
5 See also
6 Further reading
7 References
8 External links
History[edit]
A restored delivery truck at the Brenham factory.
The company has its roots in the Brenham Creamery Company, which opened in 1907 to purchase excess cream from local dairy farmers and sell butter to people in Brenham, Texas, a town situated approximately 70 miles northwest of Houston. In 1911, the creamery began to produce small quantities of ice cream.[4]
By 1919, the creamery was in financial trouble and considered closing its doors. The board of directors hired E.F. Kruse, a 23-year-old former schoolteacher, to take over the company on April 1, 1919. Kruse refused to accept a salary for his first few months in the position so that the company would not be placed in further debt.[5] Under his leadership, the company expanded its production of ice cream to the surrounding Brenham area and soon became profitable. At his suggestion, the company was renamed Blue Bell Creameries in 1930 after the Texas Bluebell, a wildflower native to Texas, and which like ice cream thrives during the summer.[3][4]
Until 1936, the creamery made ice cream by the batch. It could create a 10-US-gallon (38 L) batch of ice cream every 20 minutes. That same year, in 1936, the company purchased its first continuous ice cream freezer, which could make 80 US gallons (300 L) of ice cream per hour. The ice cream would run through a spigot, allowing it to be poured into any size container.[6]
Kruse was diagnosed with cancer in 1951 and died within 8 weeks. His sons Ed and Howard took over leadership of the company. By the 1960s, the company completely abandoned the production of butter and began focusing solely on ice cream. After many years of selling ice cream only in Brenham, the company began selling its ice cream in the Houston area, eventually expanding throughout most of Texas including the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex and the state capital of Austin. By the end of the 1970s, sales had quadrupled, and by 1980 the creamery was producing over 10 million gallons (37,850,000 liters) of ice cream per year, earning $30 million annually.[7]
In 1989, Blue Bell began selling its ice cream in Oklahoma, and throughout the 1990s expansion pushed throughout the South Central and Southern United States, eventually expanding out to New Orleans and Jackson, Mississippi. In 1992, Blue Bell built a new manufacturing facility in Broken Arrow, Oklahoma.[3] Four years later, in 1996, Blue Bell opened a third manufacturing facility opened in Sylacauga, Alabama, east of Birmingham, and eventually expanded into Atlanta and Miami. Once Blue Bell establishes itself within a market, word-of-mouth usually ensures that consumers in adjacent areas become aware of the brand. Blue Bell has been slow to expand: company executives say they thoroughly research each new market and ensure that all employees in the new markets are fully trained in Blue Bell practices so that product quality can be upheld.[8] Blue Bell often tends to expand to markets during March each year, expanding to Colorado on March 14, 2011, followed by the Richmond and Hampton Roads areas of Virginia in 2013, and Las Vegas in 2014.[9][10] These expansions are accompanied with the purchase and/or construction of distribution centers in new markets that serve areas within a 75-mile radius.
In 2015, Blue Bell issued a series of recalls that eventually shut down production and led to all of its products being recalled on April 20, culminating in job cuts and furloughs (as well as the reduction of its 23-state sales territory) resulting from the shutdown the following May. In conjunction with factory cleanup procedures and agreements with state and federal authorities, the company returned to production three months later on a limited basis, returning its products to the market on August 31 in portions of Texas and Alabama as part of a five-phase plan to return to much of its pre-recall distribution territory, which has been reduced to 16 states based on Blue Bell's limited distribution capabilities in the near term.
Operations[edit]
The Blue Bell factory in Brenham
As of 2015, the company operated three manufacturing facilities, with the largest facility in Brenham, and auxiliary facilities in Broken Arrow, Oklahoma, and Sylacauga, Alabama. Before the 2015 recalls, there were 50 sales and distribution centers, known as branches, spread throughout its 23-state market. These facilities employed a combined 2,800 employees, with 850 of the employees working out of Brenham. In 2006, annual sales exceeded $400 million.[11]
Blue Bell retains control over all aspects of its business, primarily to ensure quality control and the use of the freshest ingredients available.[8] The Kruses claim "the milk we use is so fresh it was grass only yesterday."[12] The company uses milk from approximately 60,000 cows each day, and the cream used during each day's production run is always less than 24 hours old. All production and packaging takes place within Blue Bell facilities, which are able to produce over 100 pints per minute.[12][13] Drivers of delivery vehicles personally stock store shelves so they can ensure it is handled properly.[6]
According to figures gathered by Statista, a market data and statistics portal, while combined private labels sold more, in 2014 Blue Bell was the best-selling ice cream brand in the United States.[14] The sales area is primarily concentrated in the Southern United States, and has been sold as far west as Las Vegas, as far north as Indianapolis and Denver, and as far east as Richmond, Virginia. Overall, this area comprises only 20% of the United States.[15] By comparison, each of Blue Bell's top four competitors sells its products in over 86% of the United States. To become one of the three biggest ice cream manufacturers, Blue Bell has consistently been the top seller in the majority of the markets the company has entered.[8] For example, in its home state of Texas, the company has a 52% market share.[16] Within five months of its entry into Baton Rouge, Louisiana, the company had garnered 35% of the ice cream market.[17] People living outside the sales area can have the ice cream shipped to them (although this has temporarily been halted while the company is ramping up production after the recalls), and former President George W. Bush (a former Governor of Texas) often had the ice cream shipped to Camp David during his administration.[18] In 2006 and 2012, astronauts aboard the International Space Station were also treated to Blue Bell ice cream "to help out (the crew's) happiness quotient."[19]
Products[edit]
Blue Bell shop at George Bush Intercontinental Airport
Blue Bell produces over 250 different frozen products. Of these, 66 are flavors of ice cream. Twenty of the flavors are offered year-round, while an additional two to three dozen are offered seasonally.[20] In addition to ice cream, the company produces frozen yogurt, sherbet, and an array of frozen treats on a stick.[20] Unlike competitors which have reduced their standard containers to 48-56 fluid ounces (1.42-1.66 L), Blue Bell continues to sell true half-gallon (64 fl oz/1.89 L) containers, a fact it mentions prominently in its advertising.[21]
Blue Bell introduced its flagship flavor, Homemade Vanilla, in 1969[3] and was the first company to mass-produce the flavor Cookies 'n Cream.[22] Although the company at one time made Cookies 'n Cream from Nabisco's Oreo cookies, buying ordinary retail packages, today it bakes its own cookies.[12] As of 1997, Blue Bell Homemade Vanilla was the best-selling single flavor of ice cream in the United States,[6] and in 2001, Forbes named Blue Bell the best ice cream in the country.[23]
R.W. Apple, Jr., of The New York Times claimed in 2006 that "[w]ith clean, vibrant flavors and a rich, luxuriant consistency achieved despite a butterfat content a little lower than some competitors, it hooks you from the first spoonful. Entirely and blessedly absent are the cloying sweetness, chalky texture, and oily, gummy aftertaste that afflict many mass-manufactured ice creams."[12]
Occasionally, when Blue Bell enters a market the company marks the occasion with the introduction of a regional flavor within that market. For example, when it entered Colorado on March 14, 2011, Blue Bell introduced a new flavor exclusive to Colorado, Rocky Mountain Road, made with more premium ingredients (including chocolate-covered nuts and a marshmallow swirl) compared to its year-round Rocky Road. While the test market was in the Denver metropolitan area, there was speculation that the rest of the state would soon see Blue Bell on store shelves.[24] Eventually, this flavor would be distributed to Blue Bell's entire sales territory.
2015 Listeriosis outbreak[edit]
In 2015, Blue Bell issued its first recall in its 108-year history. The recall was issued on an assortment of items produced at its creameries, due to the discovery of five cases of listeriosis in Kansas believed to be caused by products produced at its creamery in Broken Arrow, Oklahoma.[25] Three of the five patients with listeria died.[26]
Despite a series of subsequent recalls, and the temporary shutdown of its Broken Arrow plant, "an enhanced sampling program" launched by Blue Bell produced "several positive tests for Listeria in different places and plants", including three further cases in Texas.[27] As a result, on the evening of April 20, 2015 the company took precautionary measures and expanded its recall to cover all of its products—a recall of over eight million gallons, to be disposed of in a sanitary landfill.[28][29]
At the same time, the company shut down production and commenced cleanup and repair operations at its manufacturing facilities. The FDA found that the company failed to follow standard practices to prevent contamination; two years prior to the recalls, the company "repeatedly found listeria" in its Broken Arrow facility.[30] At its main production facility in Brenham, one of its production machines (which produced most of the recalled products) was so contaminated that Blue Bell announced it would permanently stop using the machine, and condensation was also reported in parts of the Brenham facility.[31]
Although a spokeswoman for Blue Bell had previously demurred on the subject of job losses,[32] on May 15, Blue Bell announced a series of job cuts and furloughs.[33] 1,450 (or 37 percent) of the company's employees would be laid off, while another 1,400 employees were furloughed until cleanup/repair operations concluded, and the remaining 1,050 involved in essential operations and cleanup/repair operations had wage reductions imposed on them.[34]
In addition, due to limited supply and distribution capabilities expected in the near term, Blue Bell announced it would suspend operations at 15 of its over 50 distribution centers indefinitely, though it has not ruled out returning to these markets eventually.[35] The affected distribution centers included:
Phoenix, Arizona (2 branches)
Tucson, Arizona
Denver, Colorado
Indianapolis, Indiana
Kansas City, Kansas
Wichita, Kansas
Louisville, Kentucky
Las Vegas, Nevada
Albuquerque, New Mexico
Charlotte, North Carolina
Raleigh, North Carolina
Columbia, South Carolina
Richmond, Virginia
Suffolk, Virginia (Hampton Roads area)
The recalls were so severe that they threatened to shut down the company; executives warned shareholders that they faced a "capital crisis."[30] On July 14, 2015, Sid Bass, a prominent Texas investor, became a partner and investor with the company; Blue Bell secured a $125 million loan to continue operations.[36] Around the same time, Blue Bell's plant in Sylacauga, Alabama resumed production, creating test batches as part of a "test and hold" procedure in which ice cream is not packaged for sale until the batch tests negative for all strains of bacteria including the strain of listeria responsible for the aforementioned recalls.
Return[edit]
On August 17, 2015, Blue Bell announced a five-phase plan to return to store shelves:[37]
Phase 1: Houston and Austin areas of Texas, plus Birmingham and Montgomery areas of Alabama (near the company's Sylacauga facility).
Phase 2: North central Texas (Dallas-Fort Worth) and southern Oklahoma including Tulsa (near the company's Broken Arrow facility).
Phase 3: Southwest Texas (San Antonio) and central Oklahoma including Oklahoma City.
Phase 4: Majority of Texas plus southern Louisiana including Baton Rouge and New Orleans.
Phase 5: Remainder of Texas, Alabama, Oklahoma and Louisiana, plus all of Arkansas, Florida and Mississippi and parts of Georgia, Kentucky, Missouri, New Mexico, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia.
Even in those states where Blue Bell plans to return, it will not necessarily return to all of its pre-recall markets by the final phase. However these markets, including Charlotte, Kansas City, Louisville, Phoenix and Richmond, may be added in the future based on whether or not Blue Bell can effectively service these areas.
Phase 1 began on August 31, 2015. Phase 2 began in November, 2015. A month later phases 3 and 4 began.
The day following its initial rollout, September 1, Blue Bell resumed production at its Broken Arrow, Oklahoma facility.[38]
On January 28, 2016, the company resumed distribution to large portions of the Southeastern US.[39]
Coming in March 2018, the company will resume distribution to much of Indiana, midsection of Kentucky & northern New Mexico.
Justice Department investigation[edit]
External video
"Department of Justice investigating Blue Bell Listeria outbreak". CBS Evening News report dated December 29, 2015, outlining the United States Department of Justice investigation into Blue Bell Creameries.
In December 2015, CBS Evening News reported that the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) had launched a federal criminal investigation into Blue Bell Creameries, to determine "what exactly Blue Bell executives knew about the contaminations and unsanitary conditions, when they knew, and what they did in response".[40][41][42][43] The investigation, by the DOJ's Consumer Protection Branch, is reportedly led by trial attorney Patrick Hearn, who successfully prosecuted executives of the Peanut Corporation of America in 2015.[44][45] Mark Abueg, a DOJ spokesman, told the Houston Press: "As a matter of policy, the Justice Department generally neither confirms nor denies whether a matter is under investigation."[46]
See also[edit]
List of dairy product companies in the United States
Further reading[edit]
Inampudi, Naveen and Debbie Z. Harwell. "BLUE BELL: The Cream Rises to the Top." Houston History Magazine. Center for Public History, University of Houston. Volume 9, No. 2. p. 2-7.
Hlavaty, Craig. "Who exactly are those people on the Blue Bell ice cream boxes?" Houston Chronicle. Wednesday September 4, 2013.
Ed Kruse - MyBestYears.com INTERVIEW SPOTLIGHT
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Pulsinelli, Olivia (February 21, 2017). "Blue Bell names new president, new chairman". Houston Business Journal. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Blue Bell Creameries". privco.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Blue Bell Creameries from the Handbook of Texas Online
^ Jump up to: a b Ferrell, David (May–June 2007), "Tasteful Celebration", Texas Aggie, p. 33 |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Ferrell, David (May–June 2007), "Tasteful Celebration", Texas Aggie, p. 32 |access-date= requires |url= (help)
^ Jump up to: a b c Travis, Christopher K. (1997), "The Kings of Ice Cream", The Round Top Register, archived from the original on 2007-07-03, retrieved 2007-04-30
Jump up ^ Ferrell, David (May–June 2007), "Tasteful Celebration", Texas Aggie, pp. 34–35 |access-date= requires |url= (help)
^ Jump up to: a b c Smith, Pamela Accetta (January 2002). "True blue". Dairy Field. Retrieved 2007-04-30.
Jump up ^ "Blue Bell expanding to Vegas due to popular demand". Retrieved 12 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "Blue Bell ice cream expanding to North Las Vegas area with distribution centre". Las Vegas Review Journal. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
Jump up ^ Ferrell, David (May–June 2007), "Tasteful Celebration", Texas Aggie, p. 36 |access-date= requires |url= (help)
^ Jump up to: a b c d Apple Jr., R.W. (May 31, 2006), "Making Texas Cows Proud", The New York Times, retrieved 2007-04-30
Jump up ^ Ferrell, David (May–June 2007), "Tasteful Celebration", Texas Aggie, pp. 36–37 |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Statista (August 10, 2014). "The leading 10 ice cream brands of the United States in 2014, based on sales (in million U.S. dollars)". Statista. Retrieved 2015-04-22.
Jump up ^ Cornyn, John (March 30, 2007), "The Little Creamery that Could" (PDF), Texas Times Weekly, Office of Senator John Cornyn, retrieved 2015-04-22
Jump up ^ cullar, Meg (September 13, 2006). "Second Helping". Baylor Line. Archived from the original on September 15, 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-30.
Jump up ^ Dexheimer, Ellen (April 1990). "Blue Bell Creameries Inc - Movers & Shakers - company profile". Dairy Foods. Retrieved 2007-04-30.
Jump up ^ Ma, Ji (October 21, 2004), "Blue Bell CEO encourages students to meet future challenges head-on", The Battalion, archived from the original on 2007-09-29, retrieved 2007-04-30
Jump up ^ Watson, Traci (September 14, 2006), "Orbiting station gets solar panels, and then dessert", USA Today, retrieved 2007-04-30
^ Jump up to: a b Levey, Kelli (June 4, 2004), "Recipe For Success", The Bryan-College Station Eagle, archived from the original on March 28, 2006, retrieved 2007-04-30
Jump up ^ "Blue Bell Ice Cream- Still a Half Gallon". Bluebell.com. Retrieved 2012-03-07.
Jump up ^ Dudlicek, James (2007). "Homemade Success". Dairy Field. Retrieved 2007-07-05.
Jump up ^ "50 of America's Best", Forbes, April 30, 2001, retrieved 2007-04-30
Jump up ^ "Blue Bell Ice Cream arrives in Denver". Retrieved 13 March 2011.
Jump up ^ "Blue Bell Recalls All Products After Listeria Outbreak". Retrieved April 21, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Multistate Outbreak of Listeriosis Linked to Blue Bell Creameries Products (Final Update)". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. June 10, 2015. Retrieved January 24, 2016. Three of these people died as a result of their Listeria infection.
Jump up ^ Yan, Holly (April 21, 2015). "Blue Bell recalls all its ice cream products over Listeria concerns". CNN. Atlanta. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Blue Bell to dispose of 8 million gallons of ice cream after recall".
Jump up ^ "Outbreak of Listeriosis Linked to Blue Bell Creameries Ice Cream Products". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. April 3, 2015. Retrieved April 4, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Jesse Newman (August 1, 2015). "Ice-Cream Recall Sends Chill Through Food Industry". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Inside Blue Bell: Grime and discontent". 11 September 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
Jump up ^ "Blue Bell: We haven't laid off anyone in 100 years and we won't do it now". CNNMoney. New York. Retrieved May 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "1,450 Blue Bell workers losing jobs after listeria problems". Associated Press. May 15, 2015. Retrieved May 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ "An agonizing decision". Blue Bell Creameries. May 15, 2015. Retrieved July 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ "An Agonizing Decision". Blue Bell Creameries. Retrieved September 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Blue Bell receives investment". Blue Bell Creameries. 2015-07-14. Retrieved 2015-07-18.
Jump up ^ Owens, Marjorie (17 August 2015). "Blue Bell will begin limited distribution Aug. 31". USA Today. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Broken Arrow facility begins production". cdn.bluebell.com. Retrieved 2015-09-15.
Jump up ^ "Blue Bell Locator". cdn.bluebell.com. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Axelrod, Jim (December 29, 2015). "Dept. of Justice investigating Blue Bell for deadly Listeria outbreak". CBS News. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ Heneghan, Carolyn (December 30, 2015). "DOJ begins Blue Bell investigation". Food Dive. Washington, DC. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ Newman, Jesse (December 30, 2015). "DOJ Investigating Blue Bell Creameries Response to Listeria Contamination". The Wall Street Journal. New York City. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "CBS News Reports Department of Justice Opens Criminal Investigation of Blue Bell". Food Safety News. Seattle. December 29, 2015. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "US Department of Justice probes into Blue Bell's Lysteria outbreak". Food Processing Technology. January 4, 2016. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ LaMotte, Sandee; Perez, Evan (January 2, 2016). "Justice Department investigates Blue Bell Creameries over listeria response". CNN. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ Wray, Dianna (December 30, 2015). "Why would the Justice Department be investigating Blue Bell now?". Houston Press. Houston. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
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