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Delaware
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This article is about the U.S. state. For the river, see Delaware River. For other uses, see Delaware (disambiguation).
State of Delaware
Flag Seal
Nickname(s): The First State; The Small Wonder;[1] Blue Hen State; The Diamond State
Motto(s): Liberty and Independence
Demonym
Delawarean
Capital
Dover
Largest city
Wilmington
Area
Ranked 49th
• Total
1,982[2] sq mi
(5,130 km2)
• Width
30 miles (48 km)
• Length
96 miles (154 km)
• % water
21.5[citation needed]
• Latitude
38° 27′ N to 39° 50′ N
• Longitude
75° 3′ W to 75° 47′ W
Population
Ranked 45th
• Total
952,065 (2016 est.)[3]
• Density
469/sq mi (179/km2)
Ranked 6th
• Median household income
$57,756[4] (24th)
Elevation
• Highest point
Near the
Ebright Azimuth[5][6][7]
447.85 ft (136.50468 m)
• Mean
60 ft (20 m)
• Lowest point
Atlantic Ocean[5]
sea level
Before statehood
Delaware Colony
Admission to Union
December 7, 1787 (1st)
Governor
John Carney (D)
Lieutenant Governor
Bethany Hall-Long (D)
Legislature
General Assembly
• Upper house
Senate
• Lower house
House of Representatives
U.S. Senators
Tom Carper (D)
Chris Coons (D)
U.S. House delegation
Lisa Blunt Rochester (D) (list)
Time zone
Eastern: UTC −5/−4
ISO 3166
US-DE
Abbreviations
DE, Del.
Website
delaware.gov
[show]Delaware state symbols
The Flag of Delaware
The Seal of Delaware
Living insignia
Bird
Delaware Blue Hen
Butterfly
Eastern tiger swallowtail
Wildlife animal
Grey fox
Fish
Weakfish
Flower
Peach blossom
Insect
7-spotted ladybug
Tree
American holly
Inanimate insignia
Beverage
Milk
Colors
Colonial blue, buff
Food
Strawberry, peach custard pie
Fossil
Belemnite
Mineral
Sillimanite
Motto
Liberty and Independence
Slogan
Endless Discoveries [8] – Formerly: It's Good Being First
Soil
Greenwich
Song
"Our Delaware"
State route marker
State quarter
Released in 1999
Lists of United States state symbols
Delaware (/ˈdɛləwɛər/ ( listen))[9] is a state located in the Mid-Atlantic or Northeastern regions of the United States.[a] It is bordered to the south and west by Maryland, to the northeast by New Jersey, and to the north by Pennsylvania. The state takes its name from Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, an English nobleman and Virginia's first colonial governor.[10]
Delaware occupies the northeastern portion of the Delmarva Peninsula and is the second smallest, the sixth least populous, but the sixth most densely populated of the 50 United States. Delaware is divided into three counties, the lowest number of counties of any state. From north to south, the three counties are New Castle, Kent, and Sussex. While the southern two counties have historically been predominantly agricultural, New Castle County has been more industrialized.
Before its coastline was explored by Europeans in the 16th century, Delaware was inhabited by several groups of Native Americans, including the Lenape in the north and Nanticoke in the south. It was initially colonized by Dutch traders at Zwaanendael, near the present town of Lewes, in 1631.[11] Delaware was one of the 13 colonies participating in the American Revolution. On December 7, 1787, Delaware became the first state to ratify the Constitution of the United States, and has since promoted itself as "The First State".[12]
Contents
[hide]
1 Etymology
2 Geography
2.1 Topography
2.2 Climate
2.3 Environment
2.4 Environmental management
3 History
3.1 Native Americans
3.2 Colonial Delaware
3.3 American Revolution
3.4 Slavery and race
4 Demographics
4.1 Ancestry
4.2 Languages
4.3 Religion
4.4 Sexual orientation
5 Economy
5.1 Affluence
5.2 Agriculture
5.3 Industries
5.3.1 Recent departures
5.4 Incorporation in Delaware
5.5 Food and drink
6 Transportation
6.1 Roads
6.2 Ferries
6.3 Rail and bus
6.4 Air
7 Law and government
7.1 Legislative branch
7.2 Judicial branch
7.3 Executive branch
7.4 Counties
7.5 Politics
7.6 Freedom of information
7.7 Government revenue
7.8 Voter Registration
8 Municipalities
8.1 Counties
8.2 Cities
8.3 Towns
8.4 Towns (cont.)
8.5 Villages
8.6 Unincorporated places
8.7 Ten wealthiest places in Delaware
9 Education
9.1 Colleges and universities
10 Sister cities and states
11 Media
11.1 Television
12 Tourism
13 Culture and entertainment
13.1 Festivals
13.2 Sports
14 Delaware Native Americans
15 Namesakes
16 Delawareans
17 See also
18 Notes
19 References
20 Bibliography
21 External links
Etymology
The state was named after the Delaware River, which in turn derived its name from Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr (1577–1618) who was the ruling governor of the Colony of Virginia at the time Europeans first explored the river. The Delaware Indians, a name used by Europeans for Lenape people indigenous to the Delaware Valley, also derive their name from the same source.
The surname de La Warr comes from Sussex and is of Anglo-Norman origin.[13] It came probably from a Norman lieu-dit La Guerre. This toponymic could derive from the Latin word ager, from the Breton gwern or from the Late Latin varectum (fallow). The toponyms Gara, Gare, Gaire (the sound [ä] often mutated in [æ]) also appear in old texts cited by Lucien Musset, where the word ga(i)ra means gore. It could also be linked with a patronymic from the Old Norse verr.
Geography
Main articles: Twelve-Mile Circle, Wedge (border), Mason–Dixon Line, and Transpeninsular Line
See also: "Counties" section below
Map of Delaware
The Twelve-Mile Circle
Diagram of the Twelve-Mile Circle, the Mason–Dixon line and "The Wedge". All blue and white areas are inside Delaware.
The Blackbird Pond on the Blackbird State Forest Meadows Tract in New Castle County, Delaware
A field north of Fox Den Rd., along the Lenape Trail in Middle Run Valley Natural Area.
Sunset in Woodbrook, New Castle County, Delaware
Delaware is 96 miles (154 km) long and ranges from 9 miles (14 km) to 35 miles (56 km) across, totaling 1,954 square miles (5,060 km2), making it the second-smallest state in the United States after Rhode Island. Delaware is bounded to the north by Pennsylvania; to the east by the Delaware River, Delaware Bay, New Jersey and the Atlantic Ocean; and to the west and south by Maryland. Small portions of Delaware are also situated on the eastern side of the Delaware River sharing land boundaries with New Jersey. The state of Delaware, together with the Eastern Shore counties of Maryland and two counties of Virginia, form the Delmarva Peninsula, which stretches down the Mid-Atlantic Coast.
The definition of the northern boundary of the state is unusual. Most of the boundary between Delaware and Pennsylvania was originally defined by an arc extending 12 miles (19.3 km) from the cupola of the courthouse in the city of New Castle.[citation needed] This boundary is often referred to as the Twelve-Mile Circle.[b] This is the only nominally circular state boundary in the United States.[citation needed]
This border extends all the way east to the low-tide mark on the New Jersey shore, then continues south along the shoreline until it again reaches the 12-mile (19 km) arc in the south; then the boundary continues in a more conventional way in the middle of the main channel (thalweg) of the Delaware River. To the west, a portion of the arc extends past the easternmost edge of Maryland. The remaining western border runs slightly east of due south from its intersection with the arc. The Wedge of land between the northwest part of the arc and the Maryland border was claimed by both Delaware and Pennsylvania until 1921, when Delaware's claim was confirmed.
Topography
Delaware is on a level plain, with the lowest mean elevation of any state in the nation.[14] Its highest elevation, located at Ebright Azimuth, near Concord High School, doesn't quite reach 450 feet (140 m) above sea level.[14] The northernmost part of the state is part of the Piedmont Plateau with hills and rolling surfaces. The Atlantic Seaboard fall line approximately follows the Robert Kirkwood Highway between Newark and Wilmington; south of this road is the Atlantic Coastal Plain with flat, sandy, and, in some parts, swampy ground.[15] A ridge about 75 to 80 feet (23 to 24 m) in elevation extends along the western boundary of the state and separates the watersheds that feed Delaware River and Bay to the east and the Chesapeake Bay to the west.
Climate
Since almost all of Delaware is a part of the Atlantic coastal plain, the effects of the ocean moderate its climate. The state lies in the humid subtropical climate zone. Despite its small size (roughly 100 miles (160 km) from its northernmost to southernmost points), there is significant variation in mean temperature and amount of snowfall between Sussex County and New Castle County. Moderated by the Atlantic Ocean and Delaware Bay, the southern portion of the state has a milder climate and a longer growing season than the northern portion of the state. Delaware's all-time record high of 110 °F (43 °C) was recorded at Millsboro on July 21, 1930. The all-time record low of −17 °F (−27 °C) was also recorded at Millsboro on January 17, 1893.
Environment
The transitional climate of Delaware supports a wide variety of vegetation. In the northern third of the state are found Northeastern coastal forests and mixed oak forests typical of the northeastern United States.[16] In the southern two-thirds of the state are found Middle Atlantic coastal forests.[16] Trap Pond State Park, along with areas in other parts of Sussex County, for example, support the northernmost stands of bald cypress trees in North America.
Environmental management
Delaware provides government subsidy support for the clean-up of property "lightly contaminated" by hazardous waste, the proceeds for which come from a tax on wholesale petroleum sales.[17]
History
Main article: History of Delaware
Native Americans
Before Delaware was settled by European colonists, the area was home to the Eastern Algonquian tribes known as the Unami Lenape, or Delaware, who lived mostly along the coast, and the Nanticoke who occupied much of the southern Delmarva Peninsula. John Smith also shows two Iroquoian tribes, the Kuskarawock & Tockwogh, living north of the Nanticoke & they may have held small portions of land in the western part of the state before migrating across the Chesapeake Bay. [18] The Kuskarawocks were most likely the Tuscarora.
The Unami Lenape in the Delaware Valley were closely related to Munsee Lenape tribes along the Hudson River. They had a settled hunting and agricultural society, and they rapidly became middlemen in an increasingly frantic fur trade with their ancient enemy, the Minqua or Susquehannock. With the loss of their lands on the Delaware River and the destruction of the Minqua by the Iroquois of the Five Nations in the 1670s, the remnants of the Lenape who wished to remain identified as such left the region and moved over the Alleghany Mountains by the mid-18th century. Generally, those who did not relocate out of the state of Delaware were baptized, became Christian and were grouped together with other persons of color in official records and in the minds of their non-Native American neighbors.[citation needed]
Colonial Delaware
New Sweden – encounter between Swedish colonists and the natives of Delaware.
The Dutch were the first Europeans to settle in present-day Delaware in the middle region by establishing a trading post at Zwaanendael, near the site of Lewes in 1631. Within a year all the settlers were killed in a dispute with area Native American tribes. In 1638 New Sweden, a Swedish trading post and colony, was established at Fort Christina (now in Wilmington) by Peter Minuit at the head of a group of Swedes, Finns and Dutch. The colony of New Sweden lasted for 17 years. In 1651 the Dutch, reinvigorated by the leadership of Peter Stuyvesant, established a fort at present-day New Castle, and in 1655 they conquered the New Sweden colony, annexing it into the Dutch New Netherland.[19][20] Only nine years later, in 1664, the Dutch were conquered by a fleet of English ships by Sir Robert Carr under the direction of James, the Duke of York. Fighting off a prior claim by Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, Proprietor of Maryland, the Duke passed his somewhat dubious ownership on to William Penn in 1682. Penn strongly desired access to the sea for his Pennsylvania province and leased what then came to be known as the "Lower Counties on the Delaware"[19] from the Duke.
Penn established representative government and briefly combined his two possessions under one General Assembly in 1682. However, by 1704 the Province of Pennsylvania had grown so large that their representatives wanted to make decisions without the assent of the Lower Counties and the two groups of representatives began meeting on their own, one at Philadelphia, and the other at New Castle. Penn and his heirs remained proprietors of both and always appointed the same person Governor for their Province of Pennsylvania and their territory of the Lower Counties. The fact that Delaware and Pennsylvania shared the same governor was not unique. From 1703 to 1738 New York and New Jersey shared a governor.[21] Massachusetts and New Hampshire also shared a governor for some time.[22]
Dependent in early years on indentured labor, Delaware imported more slaves as the number of English immigrants decreased with better economic conditions in England. The colony became a slave society and cultivated tobacco as a cash crop, although English immigrants continued to arrive.
American Revolution
Like the other middle colonies, the Lower Counties on the Delaware initially showed little enthusiasm for a break with Britain. The citizenry had a good relationship with the Proprietary government, and generally were allowed more independence of action in their Colonial Assembly than in other colonies. Merchants at the port of Wilmington had trading ties with the British.
So it was that New Castle lawyer Thomas McKean denounced the Stamp Act in the strongest terms, and Kent County native John Dickinson became the "Penman of the Revolution." Anticipating the Declaration of Independence, Patriot leaders Thomas McKean and Caesar Rodney convinced the Colonial Assembly to declare itself separated from British and Pennsylvania rule on June 15, 1776. The person best representing Delaware's majority, George Read, could not bring himself to vote for a Declaration of Independence. Only the dramatic overnight ride of Caesar Rodney gave the delegation the votes needed to cast Delaware's vote for independence.
Initially led by John Haslet, Delaware provided one of the premier regiments in the Continental Army, known as the "Delaware Blues" and nicknamed the "Blue Hen's Chicks." In August 1777 General Sir William Howe led a British army through Delaware on his way to a victory at the Battle of Brandywine and capture of the city of Philadelphia. The only real engagement on Delaware soil was the Battle of Cooch's Bridge, fought on September 3, 1777, at Cooch's Bridge in New Castle County.
Following the Battle of Brandywine, Wilmington was occupied by the British, and State President John McKinly was taken prisoner. The British remained in control of the Delaware River for much of the rest of the war, disrupting commerce and providing encouragement to an active Loyalist portion of the population, particularly in Sussex County. Because the British promised slaves of rebels freedom for fighting with them, escaped slaves flocked north to join their lines.[23]
Following the American Revolution, statesmen from Delaware were among the leading proponents of a strong central United States with equal representation for each state.
Slavery and race
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Many colonial settlers came to Delaware from Maryland and Virginia, which had been experiencing a population boom. The economies of these colonies were chiefly based on tobacco culture and were increasingly dependent on slave labor for its intensive cultivation. Most of the English colonists arrived as indentured servants, under contracts to work as laborers for a fixed period to pay for their passage. In the early years the line between indentured servants and African slaves or laborers was fluid, and the working classes often lived closely together. Most of the free African-American families in Delaware before the Revolution had migrated from Maryland to find more affordable land. They were descendants chiefly of relationships or marriages between white servant women and enslaved, servant or free African or African-American men.[24] As the flow of indentured laborers to the colony decreased with improving economic conditions in England, more slaves were imported for labor and the caste lines hardened.
At the end of the colonial period, the number of enslaved people in Delaware began to decline. Shifts in the agriculture economy from tobacco to mixed farming created less need for slaves' labor. Local Methodists and Quakers encouraged slaveholders to free their slaves following the American Revolution, and many did so in a surge of individual manumissions for idealistic reasons. By 1810 three-quarters of all blacks in Delaware were free. When John Dickinson freed his slaves in 1777, he was Delaware's largest slave owner with 37 slaves. By 1860, the largest slaveholder owned 16 slaves.[25]
Although attempts to abolish slavery failed by narrow margins in the legislature, in practical terms, the state had mostly ended the practice. By the 1860 census on the verge of the Civil War, 91.7% of the black population were free;[26] 1,798 were slaves, as compared to 19,829 "free colored persons".[27]
The independent black denomination was chartered by freed slave Peter Spencer in 1813 as the "Union Church of Africans". This followed the 1793 establishment of the African Methodist Episcopal Church in Philadelphia, which had ties to the Methodist Episcopal Church until 1816. Spencer built a church in Wilmington for the new denomination.[28]
This was renamed the African Union First Colored Methodist Protestant Church and Connection, more commonly known as the A.U.M.P. Church. Begun by Spencer in 1814, the annual gathering of the Big August Quarterly still draws people together in a religious and cultural festival, the oldest such cultural festival in the nation.
Delaware voted against secession on January 3, 1861, and so remained in the Union. While most Delaware citizens who fought in the war served in the regiments of the state, some served in companies on the Confederate side in Maryland and Virginia Regiments. Delaware is notable for being the only slave state from which no Confederate regiments or militia groups were assembled. Delaware essentially freed the few slaves that were still in bondage shortly after the Civil War, but rejected the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution; the 13th Amendment was rejected on February 8, 1865, the 14th Amendment was rejected on February 8, 1867, and the 15th Amendment was rejected on March 18, 1869. Delaware officially ratified the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments on February 12, 1901.
Demographics
See also: Largest municipalities in Delaware
Delaware population density map
Historical population
Census
Pop.
%±
1790 59,096 —
1800 64,273 8.8%
1810 72,674 13.1%
1820 72,749 0.1%
1830 76,748 5.5%
1840 78,085 1.7%
1850 91,532 17.2%
1860 112,216 22.6%
1870 125,015 11.4%
1880 146,608 17.3%
1890 168,493 14.9%
1900 184,735 9.6%
1910 202,322 9.5%
1920 223,003 10.2%
1930 238,380 6.9%
1940 266,505 11.8%
1950 318,085 19.4%
1960 446,292 40.3%
1970 548,104 22.8%
1980 594,338 8.4%
1990 666,168 12.1%
2000 783,600 17.6%
2010 897,934 14.6%
Est. 2016 952,065 6.0%
Source: 1910–2010[29]
2015 estimate[30]
The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Delaware was 952,065 people on July 1, 2016, a 6.0% increase since the 2010 United States Census.[30]
Ancestry
According to the 2010 United States Census, Delaware had a population of 897,934 people. The racial composition of the state was:
68.9% White American (65.3% Non-Hispanic White, 3.6% White Hispanic)
21.4% Black or African American
0.5% American Indian and Alaska Native
3.2% Asian American
0.0% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander
3.4% some other race
2.7% Multiracial American
Ethnically, Hispanics and Latinos of any race made up 8.2% of the population.[31]
Delaware racial breakdown of population
[hide]Racial composition
1990[32]
2000[33]
2010[34]
White 80.3% 74.6% 68.9%
Black 16.9% 19.2% 21.4%
Asian 1.4% 2.1% 3.2%
Native 0.3% 0.4% 0.5%
Native Hawaiian and
other Pacific Islander – – –
Other race 1.1% 2.0% 3.4%
Two or more races – 1.7% 2.7%
Delaware is the sixth most densely populated state, with a population density of 442.6 people per square mile, 356.4 per square mile more than the national average, and ranking 45th in population. Delaware is one of five states that do not have a single city with a population over 100,000 as of the 2010 census, the other four being West Virginia, Vermont, Maine and Wyoming.[35] The center of population of Delaware is located in New Castle County, in the town of Townsend.[36]
As of 2011, 49.7% of Delaware's population younger than one year of age belonged to minority groups (i.e., did not have two parents of non-Hispanic white ancestry).[37] In 2000 approximately 19% of the population were African-American and 5% of the population is Hispanic (mostly of Puerto Rican or Mexican ancestry).[38]
The largest European ancestry groups in Delaware are, according to 2012 Census Bureau estimates:[39][not in citation given]
Irish 18.1%
German 15.6%
English 11.7%
Italian 10.0%
Polish 4.8%
American 4.5%
French 2.5%
Scottish 1.8%
Note: Births in table don't add up, because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number.
Live Births by Race/Ethnicity of Mother
Race
2013[40]
2014[41]
2015[42]
White: 7,204 (66.5%) 7,314 (66.7%) 7,341 (65.7%)
Non-Hispanic White 5,942 (54.8%) 5,904 (53.8%) 5,959 (53.4%)
Black 3,061 (28.3%) 2,988 (27.2%) 3,134 (28.1%)
Asian 541 (5.0%) 644 (5.9%) 675 (6.1%)
Native 25 (0.2%) 26 (0.2%) 16 (0.1%)
Hispanic (of any race) 1,348 (12.4%) 1,541 (14.0%) 1,532 (13.7%)
Total Delaware 10,831 (100%) 10,972 (100%) 11,166 (100%)
Languages
As of 2000 91% of Delaware residents age 5 and older speak only English at home; 5% speak Spanish. French is the third most spoken language at 0.7%, followed by Chinese at 0.5% and German at 0.5%.
Legislation had been proposed in both the House and the Senate in Delaware to designate English as the official language.[43][44] Neither bill was passed in the legislature.
Religion
Religion in Delaware (2014)[45]
Religion Percent
Protestant
46%
None
23%
Catholic
22%
Jewish
3%
Hindu
2%
Other
2%
Muslim
1%
Orthodox Christian
1%
As of the year 2010, The Association of Religion Data Archives[46] reported that the three largest denominational groups in Delaware by number of adherents are the Catholic Church at 182,532 adherents, the United Methodist Church with 53,656 members reported, and non-denominational Evangelical Protestant with 22,973 adherents reported. The religious body with the largest number of congregations is the United Methodist Church (with 158 congregations) followed by non-denominational Evangelical Protestant (with 106 congregations), then the Catholic Church (with 45 congregations).
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Wilmington and the Episcopal Diocese of Delaware oversee the parishes within their denominations. The A.U.M.P. Church, the oldest African-American denomination in the nation, was founded in Wilmington. It still has a substantial presence in the state. Reflecting new immigrant populations, an Islamic mosque has been built in the Ogletown area, and a Hindu temple in Hockessin.
Delaware is home to an Amish community that resides to the west of Dover in Kent County, consisting of 9 church districts and between 1,200 and 1,500 people. The Amish first settled in Kent County in 1915. In recent years, increasing development has led to the decline in the number of Amish living in the community.[47][48]
A 2012 survey of religious attitudes in the United States found that 34% of Delaware residents considered themselves "moderately religious," 33% "very religious," and 33% as "non-religious."[49]
Sexual orientation
A 2012 Gallup poll found that Delaware's proportion of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender adults stood at 3.4 percent of the population. This constitutes a total LGBT adult population estimate of 23,698 people. The number of same-sex couple households in 2010 stood at 2,646. This grew by 41.65% from a decade earlier.[50][not specific enough to verify][51] On July 1, 2013, same-sex marriage was legalized, and all civil unions would be converted into marriages.[52][not specific enough to verify]
Economy
See also: Delaware locations by per capita income
For taxes, see § Government revenue.
Affluence
Average sale price for new & existing homes (in US$)[53]
DE County
March 2010
March 2011
New Castle 229,000 216,000
Sussex 323,000 296,000
Kent 186,000 178,000
According to a 2013 study by Phoenix Marketing International, Delaware had the ninth-largest number of millionaires per capita in the United States, with a ratio of 6.20 percent.[54]
Agriculture
"Picking Peaches in Delaware" from an 1878 issue of Harper's Weekly
Delaware's agricultural output consists of poultry, nursery stock, soybeans, dairy products and corn.
Industries
As of October 2015, the state's unemployment rate was 5.1%.[55]
The state's largest employers are:[dubious – discuss]
government (State of Delaware, New Castle County)
education (University of Delaware, Delaware Technical & Community College)
banking (Bank of America, M&T Bank, JPMorgan Chase, Citigroup, Deutsche Bank)
chemical, pharmaceutical, technology (E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., AstraZeneca, Syngenta, Agilent Technologies)
healthcare (Christiana Care Health System, Bayhealth Medical Center, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children)
farming, specifically chicken farming in Sussex County (Perdue Farms, Mountaire Farms, Allen Family Foods)
retail (Walmart, Walgreens, Acme Markets)
Dover Air Force Base, located next to the state capital of Dover, is one of the largest Air Force bases in the country and is a major employer in Delaware. In addition to its other responsibilities in the United States Air Force Air Mobility Command, this air base serves as the entry point and mortuary for American military personnel and some U.S. government civilians who die overseas.
Recent departures
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The recent merger of E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. and Dow Chemical Company (pending likely federal regulatory approval) has caused many to question the viability of DuPont in Delaware, which employs over 8,000 as the state's second largest private employer, as well as the stability of the state's economic future.[56][57][58][59] In late 2015, DuPont announced that 1,700 employees, nearly a third of its footprint in Delaware, would be laid off in early 2016.[60]
Since the mid-2000s, Delaware has suffered an onslaught of economic downfalls affecting stable middle class jobs including: the departure of the state's automotive manufacturing industry (General Motors Wilmington Assembly and Chrysler Newark Assembly), the corporate buyout of a major bank holding company (MBNA), the departure of the state's steel industry (Evraz Claymont Steel), the bankruptcy of a fiber mill (National Vulcanized Fibre),[61] and the diminishing presence of Astra Zeneca in Wilmington.[62][63]
Incorporation in Delaware
Main article: Delaware corporation
More than 50% of all U.S. publicly traded companies and 63% of the Fortune 500 are incorporated in Delaware.[64] The state's attractiveness as a corporate haven is largely because of its business-friendly corporation law. Franchise taxes on Delaware corporations supply about one-fifth of its state revenue.[65] Although "USA (Delaware)" ranked as the world's most opaque jurisdiction on the Tax Justice Network's 2009 Financial Secrecy Index,[66] the same group's 2011 Index ranks the USA fifth and does not specify Delaware.[67] In Delaware, there are more than a million registered corporations,[68] meaning there are more corporations than people.
Food and drink
Title 4, chapter 7 of the Delaware Code stipulates that alcoholic liquor only be sold in specifically licensed establishments, and only between 9:00 am and 1:00 am.[69] Until 2003, Delaware was among the several states enforcing blue laws and banned the sale of liquor on Sunday.[70]
Transportation
The current state license plate design was introduced in 1959, making it the longest-running license plate design in United States history.[71]
The transportation system in Delaware is under the governance and supervision of the Delaware Department of Transportation, also known as "DelDOT".[72][73] Funding for DelDOT projects is drawn, in part, from the Delaware Transportation Trust Fund, established in 1987 to help stabilize transportation funding; the availability of the Trust led to a gradual separation of DelDOT operations from other Delaware state operations.[74] DelDOT manages programs such as a Delaware Adopt-a-Highway program, major road route snow removal, traffic control infrastructure (signs and signals), toll road management, Delaware Division of Motor Vehicles, the Delaware Transit Corporation (branded as "DART First State", the state government public transportation organization), among others. In 2009, DelDOT maintained 13,507 lane miles of roads, totaling 89 percent of the state's public roadway system; the remaining public road miles are under the supervision of individual municipalities. This far exceeds the United States national average of 20 percent for state department of transportation maintenance responsibility.[75]
The "DART First State" public transportation system was named "Most Outstanding Public Transportation System" in 2003 by the American Public Transportation Association. Coverage of the system is broad within northern New Castle County with close association to major highways in Kent and Sussex counties. The system includes bus, subsidized passenger rail operated by Philadelphia transit agency SEPTA, and subsidized taxi and paratransit modes. The paratransit system, consisting of a statewide door-to-door bus service for the elderly and disabled, has been described by a Delaware state report as "the most generous paratransit system in the United States."[74] As of 2012[update], fees for the paratransit service have not changed since 1988.[74]
Roads
Further information: Delaware State Route System
Delaware Route 1 (DE 1), a partial toll road linking Fenwick Island and Wilmington.
One major branch of the U.S. Interstate Highway System, Interstate 95 (I-95), crosses Delaware southwest-to-northeast across New Castle County. In addition to I-95, there are six U.S. highways that serve Delaware: U.S. Route 9 (US 9), US 13, US 40, US 113, US 202, and US 301. There are also several state highways that cross the state of Delaware; a few of them include Delaware Route 1 (DE 1), DE 9, and DE 404. US 13 and DE 1 are primary north-south highways connecting Wilmington and Pennsylvania with Maryland, with DE 1 serving as the main route between Wilmington and the Delaware beaches. DE 9 is a north-south highway connecting Dover and Wilmington via a scenic route along the Delaware Bay. US 40, is a primary east-west route, connecting Maryland with New Jersey. DE 404 is another primary east-west highway connecting the Chesapeake Bay Bridge in Maryland with the Delaware beaches. The state also operates two toll highways, the Delaware Turnpike, which is I-95, between Maryland and New Castle and the Korean War Veterans Memorial Highway, which is DE 1, between Wilmington and Dover.
A bicycle route, Delaware Bicycle Route 1, spans the north-south length of the state from the Maryland border in Fenwick Island to the Pennsylvania border north of Montchanin. It is the first of several signed bike routes planned in Delaware.[76]
Delaware has around 1,450 bridges, 95 percent of which are under the supervision of DelDOT. About 30 percent of all Delaware bridges were built before 1950, and about 60 percent of the number are included in the National Bridge Inventory. Some bridges not under DelDOT supervision includes the four bridges on the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, which are under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the Delaware Memorial Bridge, which is under the bi-state Delaware River and Bay Authority.
It has been noted that the tar and chip composition of secondary roads in Sussex County make them more prone to deterioration than asphalt roadways found in almost the rest of the state.[77] Among these roads, Sussex (county road) 236 is among the most problematic.[77]
Ferries
Cape May-Lewes Ferry
There are three ferries that operate in the state of Delaware:
Cape May-Lewes Ferry crosses the mouth of the Delaware Bay between Lewes, Delaware and Cape May, New Jersey.
Woodland Ferry is a cable ferry that crosses the Nanticoke River southwest of Seaford.
Forts Ferry Crossing connects Delaware City with Fort Delaware and Fort Mott, New Jersey
Rail and bus
Wilmington Station
Amtrak has two stations in Delaware along the Northeast Corridor; the relatively quiet Newark Rail Station in Newark, and the busier Wilmington Rail Station in Wilmington. The Northeast Corridor is also served by SEPTA's Wilmington/Newark Line of Regional Rail, which serves Claymont, Wilmington, Churchmans Crossing, and Newark.
Two Class I railroads, Norfolk Southern and CSX, provide freight rail service in northern New Castle County. Norfolk Southern provides freight service along the Northeast Corridor and to industrial areas in Edgemoor, New Castle, and Delaware City. CSX's Philadelphia Subdivision passes through northern New Castle County parallel to the Amtrak Northeast Corridor. Multiple short-line railroads provide freight service in Delaware. The Delmarva Central Railroad operates the most trackage of the short-line railroads, running from an interchange with Norfolk Southern in Porter south through Dover, Harrington, and Seaford to Delmar, with another line running from Harrington to Frankford. The Delmarva Central Railroad connects with two shortline railroads, the Delaware Coast Line Railroad and the Maryland and Delaware Railroad, which serve local customers in Sussex County.[78] CSX connects with the freight/heritage operation, the Wilmington and Western Railroad, based in Wilmington and the East Penn Railroad, which operates a line from Wilmington to Coatesville, Pennsylvania.
The last north-south passenger train through the main part of Delaware was the Pennsylvania Railroad's The Cavalier, which ended service from Philadelphia through the state's interior in 1951.[79]
Air
See also: Aviation in Delaware
As of 2016[update], there is no scheduled air service from any Delaware airport, as has been the case in various years since 1991. Various airlines had served Wilmington Airport, with the latest departure being Frontier Airlines in April 2015.[80]
Delaware is centrally situated in the Northeast megalopolis region of cities along I-95. Therefore, Delaware commercial airline passengers most frequently use Philadelphia International Airport (PHL), Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport (BWI) and Washington Dulles International Airport (IAD) for domestic and international transit. Residents of Sussex County will also use Wicomico Regional Airport (SBY), as it is located less than 10 miles (16 km) from the Delaware border. Atlantic City International Airport (ACY), Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR), and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (DCA) are also within a 100-mile (160 km) radius of New Castle County.
The Dover Air Force Base of the Air Mobility Command is located in the central part of the state, and it is the home of the 436th Airlift Wing and the 512th Airlift Wing.
Other general aviation airports in Delaware include Summit Airport near Middletown, Delaware Airpark near Cheswold, and Delaware Coastal Airport near Georgetown.
Law and government
Delaware's fourth and current constitution, adopted in 1897, provides for executive, judicial and legislative branches.[81]
Legislative branch
The Delaware General Assembly meets in the Legislative Hall in Dover.
The Delaware General Assembly consists of a House of Representatives with 41 members and a Senate with 21 members. It sits in Dover, the state capital. Representatives are elected to two-year terms, while senators are elected to four-year terms. The Senate confirms judicial and other nominees appointed by the governor.
Delaware's U.S. Senators are Tom Carper (Democrat) and Chris Coons (Democrat). Delaware's single U.S. Representative is Lisa Blunt Rochester (Democrat).
Judicial branch
The Delaware Constitution establishes a number of courts:
The Delaware Supreme Court is the state's highest court.
The Delaware Superior Court is the state's trial court of general jurisdiction.
The Delaware Court of Chancery deals primarily in corporate disputes.
The Family Court handles domestic and custody matters.
The Delaware Court of Common Pleas has jurisdiction over a limited class of civil and criminal matters.
Minor non-constitutional courts include the Justice of the Peace Courts and Aldermen's Courts.
Significantly, Delaware has one of the few remaining Courts of Chancery in the nation, which has jurisdiction over equity cases, the vast majority of which are corporate disputes, many relating to mergers and acquisitions. The Court of Chancery and the Delaware Supreme Court have developed a worldwide reputation for rendering concise opinions concerning corporate law which generally (but not always) grant broad discretion to corporate boards of directors and officers. In addition, the Delaware General Corporation Law, which forms the basis of the Courts' opinions, is widely regarded as giving great flexibility to corporations to manage their affairs. For these reasons, Delaware is considered to have the most business-friendly legal system in the United States; therefore a great number of companies are incorporated in Delaware, including 60% of the companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange.[82] Delaware was the last US state to use judicial corporal punishment, in 1952.[83]
Executive branch
See also: List of Governors of Delaware
The executive branch is headed by the Governor of Delaware. The present governor is John Carney (Democrat), who took office January 20, 2009. The lieutenant governor is Bethany Hall-Long. The governor presents a "State of the State" speech to a joint session of the Delaware legislature annually.[84]
Counties
Delaware is subdivided into three counties; from north to south they are New Castle, Kent and Sussex. This is the fewest among all states. Each county elects its own legislative body (known in New Castle and Sussex counties as County Council, and in Kent County as Levy Court), which deal primarily in zoning and development issues. Most functions which are handled on a county-by-county basis in other states – such as court and law enforcement – have been centralized in Delaware, leading to a significant concentration of power in the Delaware state government. The counties were historically divided into hundreds, which were used as tax reporting and voting districts until the 1960s, but now serve no administrative role, their only current official legal use being in real-estate title descriptions.[85]
Politics
See also: United States presidential election in Delaware, 2016 and Political party strength in Delaware
Presidential elections results
Year
Republican
Democrat
2016 41.92% 185,127 53.35% 235,603
2012 39.98% 165,484 58.61% 242,584
2008 37.37% 152,356 62.63% 255,394
2004 45.75% 171,660 53.35% 200,152
2000 41.90% 137,288 54.96% 180,068
1996 36.58% 99,062 51.82% 140,955
1992 35.33% 102,313 43.52% 126,054
1988 55.88% 139,639 43.48% 108,647
1984 59.78% 152,190 39.93% 101,656
1980 47.21% 111,252 44.87% 105,754
1976 46.57% 109,831 51.98% 122,596
1972 59.60% 140,357 39.18% 92,283
1968 45.12% 96,714 41.61% 89,194
1964 38.78% 78,078 60.95% 122,704
1960 49.00% 96,373 50.63% 99,590
Treemap of the popular vote by county, 2016 presidential election.
The Democratic Party holds a plurality of registrations in Delaware. Until the 2000 presidential election, the state tended to be a Presidential bellwether, sending its three electoral votes to the winning candidate since 1952. This trend ended in 2000 when Delaware's electoral votes went to Al Gore. In 2004 John Kerry won Delaware by eight percentage points. In 2008 Democrat Barack Obama defeated Republican John McCain in Delaware 62.63% to 37.37%. Obama's running mate was Joe Biden, who had represented Delaware in the United States Senate since 1973. Obama carried Delaware again in 2012. In 2016, Delaware's electoral votes went to Hillary Clinton.
Delaware's swing to the Democrats is in part due to a strong Democratic trend in New Castle County, home to 55 percent of Delaware's population (the two smaller counties have only 359,000 people between them to New Castle's 535,000). New Castle has not voted Republican in a presidential election since 1988. In 1992, 2000, 2004, and 2016, the Republican presidential candidate carried both Kent and Sussex but lost by double-digits each time in New Castle, which was a large enough margin to swing the state to the Democrats. New Castle also elects a substantial majority of the legislature; 27 of the 41 state house districts and 14 of the 21 state senate districts are based in New Castle.
The Democrats have held the governorship since 1993, having won the last six gubernatorial elections in a row. Democrats presently hold seven of the nine statewide elected offices, while the Republicans hold only two statewide offices, State Auditor and State Treasurer.
Freedom of information
See also: Freedom of information in the United States § State legislation
Each of the 50 states of the United States has passed some form of freedom of information legislation, which provides a mechanism for the general public to request information of the government.[citation needed] In 2011 Delaware passed legislation placing a 15 business day time limit on addressing freedom-of-information requests, to either produce information or an explanation of why such information would take longer than this time to produce.[86]
Government revenue
Delaware has six different income tax brackets, ranging from 2.2% to 5.95%. The state does not assess sales tax on consumers. The state does, however, impose a tax on the gross receipts of most businesses. Business and occupational license tax rates range from 0.096% to 1.92%, depending on the category of business activity.
Delaware does not assess a state-level tax on real or personal property. Real estate is subject to county property taxes, school district property taxes, vocational school district taxes, and, if located within an incorporated area, municipal property taxes.
Gambling provides significant revenue to the state. For instance, the casino at Delaware Park Racetrack provided more than $100 million USD to the state in 2010.[87]
Voter Registration
Voter registration and party enrollment as of March 2017[88]
Party
Number of voters
Percentage
Democratic 330,631 47.38%
Republican 194,920 27.93%
Unaffiliated 159,625 22.88%
Independent Party of Delaware 5,597 0.80%
Libertarian 1,612 0.23%
Green 857 0.12%
Non Partisan 797 0.11%
American Delta Party 794 0.11%
Others 530 0.08%
Conservative 444 0.06%
American Independent Party 441 0.06%
Working Families Party 420 0.06%
Liberal 369 0.05%
Constitution 310 0.04%
Blue Enigma Party 145 0.04%
Socialist Workers Party 126 0.02%
Natural Law Party 85 0.01%
Constitution 66 0.01%
Total
697,769
100%
Municipalities
Wilmington is the state's largest city and its economic hub. It is located within commuting distance of both Philadelphia and Baltimore. All regions of Delaware are enjoying phenomenal growth, with Dover and the beach resorts expanding at a rapid rate.
Further information: List of Delaware municipalities
Counties
Kent
New Castle
Sussex
Cities
Delaware City
Dover
Harrington
Lewes
Middletown
Milford
New Castle
Newark
Rehoboth Beach
Seaford
Wilmington
Towns
Bellefonte
Bethany Beach
Bethel
Blades
Bowers
Bridgeville
Camden
Cheswold
Clayton
Dagsboro
Delmar
Dewey Beach
Ellendale
Elsmere
Towns (cont.)
Farmington
Felton
Fenwick Island
Frankford
Frederica
Georgetown
Greenwood
Hartly
Henlopen Acres
Houston
Kenton
Laurel
Leipsic
Little Creek
Magnolia
Millsboro
Millville
Milton
Newport
Ocean View
Odessa
Selbyville
Slaughter Beach
Smyrna
South Bethany
Townsend
Viola
Woodside
Wyoming
Villages
Arden
Ardencroft
Ardentown
Woodland
Unincorporated places
Bear
Brookside
Christiana
Clarksville
Claymont
Dover Base Housing
Edgemoor
Glasgow
Greenville
Gumboro
Harbeson
Highland Acres
Hockessin
Kent Acres
Lincoln City
Long Neck
Marshallton
Mount Pleasant
North Star
Oak Orchard
Omar
Pennyhill
Pike Creek
Rising Sun-Lebanon
Riverview
Rodney Village
Roxana
Saint Georges
Stanton
Wilmington Manor
Woodside East
Yorklyn
Dover
Newark
Seaford
Wilmington
Ten wealthiest places in Delaware
Ranked by per capita income
Greenville: $83,223
Henlopen Acres: $82,091
South Bethany: $53,624
Dewey Beach: $51,958
Fenwick Island: $44,415
Bethany Beach: $41,306
Hockessin: $40,516
North Star: $39,677
Rehoboth Beach: $38,494
Ardentown: $35,577
Further information: Delaware locations by per capita income
Education
University of Delaware
Delaware was the origin of Belton v. Gebhart, one of the four cases which was combined into Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court of the United States decision that led to the end of segregated public schools. Significantly, Belton was the only case in which the state court found for the plaintiffs, thereby ruling that segregation was unconstitutional.
Unlike many states, Delaware's educational system is centralized in a state Superintendent of Education, with local school boards retaining control over taxation and some curriculum decisions.
As of 2011[update], the Delaware Department of Education had authorized the founding of 25 charter schools in the state, one of them being all-girls.[89]
All teachers in the State's public school districts are unionized.[90] As of January 2012[update], none of the State's charter schools are members of a teachers union.[90] One of the State's teachers' unions is Delaware State Education Association (DSEA), whose President as of January 2012 is Frederika Jenner.[90]
Colleges and universities
Delaware College of Art and Design
Delaware State University
Delaware Technical & Community College
Drexel University at Wilmington
Goldey-Beacom College
University of Delaware
Wesley College
Widener University School of Law
Wilmington University
Sister cities and states
Delaware's sister state in Japan is Miyagi Prefecture.[91]
Media
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2017)
See also: Category:Delaware media
Television
The northern part of the state is served by network stations in Philadelphia and the southern part by network stations in Baltimore and Salisbury, Maryland. Philadelphia's ABC affiliate, WPVI-TV, maintains a news bureau in downtown Wilmington. Salisbury's ABC affiliate, WMDT covers Sussex and lower Kent County; while CBS affiliate, WBOC-TV, maintains bureaus in Dover and Milton.
Few television stations are based solely in Delaware; the local PBS station from Philadelphia (but licensed to Wilmington), WHYY-TV, maintains a studio and broadcasting facility in Wilmington and Dover, Ion Television affiliate WPPX is licensed to Wilmington but maintains their offices in Philadelphia and their digital transmitter outside of that city and an analog tower in New Jersey, and MeTV affiliate KJWP is licensed to Wilmington but maintains their offices in New Jersey and their transmitter is located at the antenna farm in Philadelphia.
In April 2014, it was revealed that Rehoboth Beach's WRDE-LD would affiliate with NBC, becoming the first major network-affiliated station in Delaware.[92]
Tourism
This section may contain indiscriminate, excessive, or irrelevant examples. Please improve the article by adding more descriptive text and removing less pertinent examples. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for further suggestions. (June 2014)
Rehoboth Beach is a popular vacation spot during the summer months
Fort Delaware State Park on Pea Patch Island is a popular spot during the spring and summer. A ferry takes visitors to the fort from nearby Delaware City.
In addition to First State National Historical Park, Delaware has several museums, wildlife refuges, parks, houses, lighthouses, and other historic places.
Rehoboth Beach, together with the towns of Lewes, Dewey Beach, Bethany Beach, South Bethany, and Fenwick Island, comprise Delaware's beach resorts. Rehoboth Beach often bills itself as "The Nation's Summer Capital" because it is a frequent summer vacation destination for Washington, D.C. residents as well as visitors from Maryland, Virginia, and in lesser numbers, Pennsylvania. Vacationers are drawn for many reasons, including the town's charm, artistic appeal, nightlife, and tax free shopping. According to SeaGrant Delaware, the Delaware Beaches generate $6.9 billion annually and over $711 million in tax revenue.[93]
Delaware is home to several festivals, fairs, and events. Some of the more notable festivals are the Riverfest held in Seaford, the World Championship Punkin Chunkin held at various locations throughout the state since 1986, the Rehoboth Beach Chocolate Festival, the Bethany Beach Jazz Funeral to mark the end of summer, the Apple Scrapple Festival held in Bridgeville, the Clifford Brown Jazz Festival in Wilmington, the Rehoboth Beach Jazz Festival, the Sea Witch Halloween Festival and Parade in Rehoboth Beach, the Rehoboth Beach Independent Film Festival, the Nanticoke Indian Pow Wow in Oak Orchard, Firefly Music Festival, and the Return Day Parade held after every election in Georgetown.
Culture and entertainment
Festivals
Main article: Delaware festivals
Sports
Professional Teams
Team
Sport
League
Wilmington Blue Rocks Baseball Carolina League
Diamond State Roller Girls Roller Derby Women's Flat Track Derby Association
Delaware 87ers Basketball NBA G League
Delaware Black Foxes Rugby USA Rugby League
NASCAR racing at Dover International Speedway
As Delaware has no franchises in the major American professional sports leagues, many Delawareans follow either Philadelphia or Baltimore teams. The University of Delaware's football team has a large following throughout the state with the Delaware State University and Wesley College teams also enjoying a smaller degree of support.
Delaware is home to Dover International Speedway and Dover Downs. DIS, also known as the Monster Mile, hosts two NASCAR race weekends each year, one in the late spring and one in the early fall. Dover Downs is a popular harness racing facility. It is the only co-located horse and car-racing facility in the nation, with the Dover Downs track located inside the DIS track.
Delaware is represented in USA Rugby League by 2015 expansion club, the Delaware Black Foxes.
Delaware has been home to professional wrestling outfit Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW). CZW has been affiliated with the annual Tournament of Death and ECWA with its annual Super 8 Tournament.
Delaware's official state sport is bicycling.[94]
Delaware Native Americans
Delaware is also the name of a Native American group (called in their own language Lenni Lenape) that was influential in the colonial period of the United States and is today headquartered in Cheswold, Kent County, Delaware. A band of the Nanticoke tribe of American Indians today resides in Sussex County and is headquartered in Millsboro, Sussex County, Delaware.
Namesakes
Several ships have been named USS Delaware in honor of this state.
Delawareans
Main article: List of people from Delaware
See also
Delaware portal
List of places in Delaware
National Register of Historic Places listings in Delaware
Visit Delaware
List of tallest buildings in Wilmington, Delaware
Notes
Jump up ^ While the U.S. Census Bureau designates Delaware as one of the South Atlantic States, it is usually grouped with the Mid-Atlantic States or the Northeastern United States.
Jump up ^ Because of surveying errors, the actual line is several compound arcs with centers at different points in New Castle.
References
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Jump up ^ The State of Delaware. "State of Delaware". delaware.gov. Retrieved September 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. June 22, 2017. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Median Annual Household Income". The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. Archived from the original on October 15, 2011. Retrieved October 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
Jump up ^ Schenck, William S. "Highest Point in Delaware". Delaware Geological Survey. Archived from the original on October 20, 2008. Retrieved July 23, 2008.
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Jump up ^ Myers, Albert Cook (1912). Narratives of Early Pennsylvania, West New Jersey and Delaware, 1630–1707, Volume 13. C. Scribner's Sons. p. 8.
Jump up ^ "The First to Ratify" would be more accurate, as the beginnings of the states themselves date back to the Declaration of Independence, celebrated July 4, 1776, when what was to become the State of Delaware was still the three lower counties of Pennsylvania with the governor in Philadelphia, and not establishing independence from that body until September 20, 1776. According to Delaware's own website, "Delaware became a state in 1776, just two months after the signing of the Declaration of Independence." (ref-pdf) Therefore Delaware was actually the last of the thirteen colonies to establish itself as a state. Additionally, the Delaware State Quarter is minted with this nickname, yet shows Caesar Rodney on horseback in commemoration of how he was the last delegate to show up to the Continental Congress for the historic vote for independence. And with regard to the original Articles of Confederation, Delaware was the 12th of the 13 states to ratify.
Jump up ^ Ware DeGidio, Wanda (2011). Ware DeGidio, Wanda, ed. Ware Family History: Descendants from Ancient, Medieval, and Modern Kings and Queens, and Presidents of the United States. p. 10. ISBN 1-4010-9930-0.
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Jump up ^ Voting (press release), US: Census, archived from the original on February 4, 2008
Jump up ^ "Population and Population Centers by State". United States Census Bureau. 2000. Archived from the original (plain text) on June 22, 2013. Retrieved March 9, 2007.
Jump up ^ Exner, Rich (June 3, 2012). "Americans under age 1 now mostly minorities, but not in Ohio: Statistical Snapshot". The Plain Dealer.
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Jump up ^ https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_01.pdf
Jump up ^ https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_12.pdf
Jump up ^ https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr66/nvsr66_01.pdf
Jump up ^ SB 129, State of Delaware , assigned June 13, 2007 to Senate Education Committee.
Jump up ^ HB 436, State of Delaware , stricken June 15, 2006
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Jump up ^ "LGBT Percentage Highest in D.C., Lowest in North Dakota". State of the States. Gallup Politics. February 15, 2013
Jump up ^ Williams Inst. Census Snapshot http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/category/research/census-lbgt-demographics-studies/[dead link]
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Jump up ^ "Chapter 7. Regulatory Provisions". Online Delaware Code. Delaware General Assembly. Archived from the original on June 26, 2013. Retrieved September 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ Aaron, Nathans (July 9, 2011). "Del. package stores hope to benefit from Md. tax". The News Journal. New Castle, Delaware. Archived from the original on July 11, 2011. Retrieved July 10, 2011.
Jump up ^ Harlow, Summer (January 20, 2008). "Auto tag No. 6 likely to sell for $1 million". The News Journal. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ "State of Delaware Department of Transportation". State of Delaware. Retrieved June 30, 2006.
Jump up ^ Staff (Delaware Department of Transportation Public Relations) (2005). Delaware Transportation Facts 2005 (PDF). DelDOT Division of Planning. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 9, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c Montgomery, Jeff (January 29, 2011). "Crisis ahead on Delaware roads". The News Journal. delawareonline. Retrieved January 29, 2012
Jump up ^ Delaware Transportation Facts (PDF). Delaware Department of Transportation. 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 11, 2012. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Projects: Delaware Bicycle Facility Master Plan". Delaware Department of Transportation. Retrieved September 28, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Justin Williams (April 17, 2011). "Anything Once: On the road, taking plenty of pot shots". News Journal. Wilmington, Delaware: Gannett. DelawareOnline. Retrieved April 17, 2011. [dead link]
Jump up ^ "Delmarva Central Railroad". Carload Express. Retrieved March 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Baer, Christopher T (2009), Named Trains of The PRR Including Through Services (PDF), PRRTHS
Jump up ^ See Wilmington Airport for history and details.
Jump up ^ "The Delaware Constitution of 1897 as amended". State of Delaware. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "About Agency". Delaware Division of Corporations. Archived from the original on February 28, 2007. Retrieved July 23, 2008.
Jump up ^ Pleck, Elizabeth Hefkin (2004). Domestic tyranny: the making of American social policy against family. University of Illinois Press. p. 120. ISBN 978-0-252-07175-1.
Jump up ^ "Delaware House of Representatives Minority Caucus". 2010. Archived from the original on January 24, 2010. Retrieved January 24, 2001.
Jump up ^ "The Hundreds of Delaware". Department of State: Division of Historical and Cultural Affairs. Delaware State Archives. Archived from the original on June 17, 2010. Retrieved September 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ Bennett, Rep.; Peterson, Sen.; Katz, Sen. (January 6, 2011), "An Act to Amend Title 29 of the Delaware Code Relating to the Freedom of Information Act", Delaware Code, 78 (online ed.) (published April 15, 2011), 10, House Bill # 5, retrieved April 22, 2011
Jump up ^ Barrish, Chris (April 23, 2011). "Delaware crime: Wave of brazen attacks sounds alarm at casino". Delaware Online. Wilmington, DE: Gannett. 1st page of online article archived via link provided. Archived from the original on May 14, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
Jump up ^ http://elections.delaware.gov/reports/pdfs/e70r2001_20170301.pdf
Jump up ^ Dobo, Nichole (June 12, 2011). "Delaware schools: Checkered past goes unchecked". The News Journal. Archived from the original on June 13, 2011. Retrieved June 13, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c Dobo, Nichole (2012). "Charter votes to join union". The News Journal (published Jan 19, 2012). delawareonline. Retrieved January 19, 2012
Jump up ^ McDowell; Sen. McBride; Rep. George (March 22, 2011). "Mourning Those Lost in the Recent Earthquake and Related Disasters that have Befallen Japan, and Expressing the Thoughts and Prayers of All Delawareans for the Citizens of Our Sister State of Miyagi Prefecture During These Difficult Times" (published March 23, 2011). Senate Joint Resolution # 3. Retrieved April 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Meet Delaware's New NBC Affiliate". Multichannel News. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Contribution of The Coastal Economy To The State of Delaware". SeaGrant Delaware. Retrieved April 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ "AN ACT TO AMEND TITLE 29 OF THE DELAWARE CODE RELATING TO THE DESIGNATION OF A STATE SPORT". Retrieved 7 July 2016.
Bibliography
Kolchin, Peter (1994), American Slavery: 1619–1877, New York: Hill & Wang .
External links
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Delaware State Guide, Library of Congress .
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Coordinates: 39°00′N 75°30′W / 39°N 75.5°W / 39; -75.5
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Delaware – Serbo-Croatian
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Delaware – Finnish
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Delaware – Swedish
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Delaware – Tagalog
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Delaware – Turkish
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Delaware – Vietnamese
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Delaware – Volapük
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