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Rib vault
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Rib vaulting in the nave of Reims Cathedral
Rib vault
The intersection of two to three barrel vaults produces a rib vault or ribbed vault when they are edged with an armature of piped masonry often carved in decorative patterns; compare groin vault, an older form of vault construction. While the mechanics of the weight of a groin vault and its transmission outwards to the supporting pillars remained as it had been, the new use of rib vaults demonstrates the skill of the masons and the grandeur of the new ideas circulating at the introduction of Gothic architecture in the end of the eleventh century. This technique was new in the late eleventh century, for example in the roofs of the choir side-aisles at Durham Cathedral. Romanesque ancestors of the Gothic rib vault can be found in early Gothic constructions at Cefalù, Caen, Durham, and elsewhere.[1]
Some ribbed vaults even have six sections in each bay (for example, the sexpartite vault, formed by the intersection of three half "barrels").
Effect of rib vaulting[edit]
These advances in vaulting allowed for the addition of windows higher up in the building's walls, in the clerestory and the triforium.
Early Gothic buildings commonly display ribbed vaulting made of stone for the support of the weight of a wooden ceiling. Stone ceilings are stronger; for example, the chapter house at Southwell Minster has stone vaulting and no central pillar.
Examples of cathedrals in England that incorporate early Gothic style features can be found in Salisbury, Lincoln, Southwell in Nottinghamshire, Wells, Bristol, Norwich and Worcester. Gothic style was widely used by cathedral builders and two continental examples are the cathedral at Reims (northern France) and the Sint Niklaaskerk in Ghent (Belgium).
Where intersecting barrel vaults were not of the same diameter, Romanesque construction practice resulted in the twisting of the groins; their construction must at all times have been somewhat difficult, but where barrel vaulting was carried round over the choir aisle and was intersected by semicones instead of cylinders, as in St. Bartholomew's Smithfield, groining systems became more complicated; this would seem to have led to a change of system, and to the introduction of a new feature, which completely revolutionized the construction of the vault. Hitherto the intersecting features were geometrical surfaces, of which the diagonal groins were the intersections, elliptical in form, generally weak in construction and often twisting.
The medieval builder reversed the process, and set up the diagonal ribs first, which were utilized as permanent centres, and on these he carried his vault or web, which henceforward took its shape from the ribs. Instead of the elliptical curve which was given by the intersection of two semicircular barrel vaults, or cylinders, he employed the semicircular arch for the diagonal ribs; this, however, raised the centre of the square bay vaulted above the level of the transverse arches and of the wall ribs, and thus gave the appearance of a dome to the vault, such as may be seen in the nave of Sant' Ambrogio, Milan. To meet this, at first the transverse and wall ribs were stilted, or the upper part of their arches was raised, as in the Abbaye-aux-Hommes at Caen, and the Abbey of Lessay, in Normandy.
The problem was ultimately solved by the introduction of the pointed arch for the transverse and wall ribs - the pointed arch had long been known and employed, on account of its much greater strength and of the lessened thrust it exerted on the walls. When employed for the ribs of a vault, however narrow the span might be, by adopting a pointed arch, its summit could be made to range in height with the diagonal rib. Moreover, when utilized for the ribs of the annular vault, as in the aisle round the apsidal termination of the choir, it was not necessary that the half ribs on the outer side should be in the same plane as those of the inner side; for when the opposite ribs met in the centre of the annular vault, the thrust was equally transmitted from one to the other, and being already a broken arch the change of its direction was not noticeable.
15th-century "star" rib vaults in St. Olaf's Church, Tallinn
The first introduction of the pointed-arch rib took place at Durham Cathedral and pre-dated the vaulting of compartments of varying shapes seen at the Abbey of St. Denis. Whilst the pointed rib-arch is often seen as an identifier for Gothic architecture, Durham is a Romanesque cathedral whose masons experimented with the possibility of rib-arches before it was widely adopted by western church architecture. It was in the church at Vezelay (1140) that it was extended to the square bay of the porch. Before entering into the question of the web or stone shell of the vault carried on the ribs, the earlier development of the great vaults which were thrown over the naves of a cathedral, or church, before the introduction of the pointed arch rib, shall here be noted. As has been pointed out, the aisles had already in the early Christian churches been covered over with groined vaults, the only advance made in the later developments being the introduction of transverse ribs' dividing the bays into square compartments; but when in the 12th century the first attempts were made to vault over the naves, another difficulty presented itself, because the latter were twice the width of the aisles, so that it became necessary to include two bays of the aisles to form one square bay in the nave. This was an immense space to vault over, and moreover, it followed that every alternate pier served no purpose, so far as the support of the nave vault was concerned, and this would seem to have suggested an alternative, viz. to provide a supplementary rib across the church and between the transverse ribs.
This resulted in what is known as a sexpartite, or six-celled vault, of which one of the earliest examples is found in the Abbaye-aux-Hommes (S. Etienne) at Caen. This church, built by William the Conqueror, was originally constructed to carry a timber roof only, but nearly a century later the upper part of the nave walls were partly rebuilt, in order that it might be covered with a vault. The immense size, however, of the square vault over the nave necessitated some additional support, so that an intermediate rib was thrown across the church, dividing the square compartment into six cells, and called the sexpartite vault; this was adopted in the cathedrals of Sens (1170), Laon (1195), Noyon (1190), Paris (1223–35), and Bourges (1250).
The intermediate rib, however, had the disadvantage of partially obscuring one side of the clerestory windows, and it threw unequal weights on the alternate piers, so that in the cathedral of Soissons (1205) a quadripartite (fig. 8) or four-celled vault was introduced, the width of each bay being half the span of the nave, and corresponding therefore with the aisle piers. To this there are some exceptions, in Sant' Ambrogio, Milan, and San Michele, Pavia (the original vault), and in the cathedrals of Spires, Mainz and Worms, where the quadripartite vaults are nearly square, the intermediate piers of the aisles being of much smaller dimensions. In England sexpartite vaults exist at Canterbury (1175) (set out by William of Sens), Rochester (1200), Lincoln (1215), Durham (east transept), and St. Faith's chapel, Westminster Abbey.
Lierne vault of the nave of Chester Cathedral
In the earlier stage of rib vaulting, the arched ribs consisted of independent or separate voussoirs down to the springing; the difficulty, however, of working the ribs separately led to two other important changes: (I) the lower part of the transverse diagonal and wall ribs were all worked out of one stone; and (2) the lower horizontal, constituting what is known as the tas-de-charge or solid springer. Fig. 9 is a diagram made by Professor Willis taken from the south transept of Westminster Abbey. The horizontal courses rise to N. or about half the height of the vault, but the ribs are freed from one another from the point M. The tas-de-charge, or solid springer, had two advantages: (1) it enabled the stone courses to run straight through the wall, so as to bond the whole together much better; and (2) it lessened the span of the vault, which then required a centering of smaller dimensions. As soon as the ribs were completed, the web or stone shell of the vault was laid on them.
In some English work, as may be seen in fig. 9, each course of stone was of uniform height from one side to the other; but, as the diagonal rib was longer than either the transverse or wall rib, the courses dipped towards the former, and at the apex of the vault were cut to fit one another. At an early period, in consequence of the great span of the vault and the very slight rise or curvature of the web, it was thought better to simplify the construction of the web by introducing intermediate ribs between the wall rib and the diagonal rib and between the diagonal and the transverse ribs; and in order to meet the thrust of these intermediate ribs a ridge rib was required, and the prolongation of this rib to the wall rib hid the junction of the web at the summit, which was not always very sightly, and constituted the ridge rib. In France, on the other hand, the web courses were always laid horizontally, and they are therefore of unequal height, increasing towards the diagonal rib. Each course also was given a slight rise in the centre, so as to increase its strength; this enabled the French masons to dispense with the intermediate rib, which was not introduced by them until the 15th century, and then more as a decorative than a constructive feature, as the domical form given to the French web rendered unnecessary the ridge rib, which, with some few exceptions, exists only in England.
In both English and French vaulting centering was rarely required for the building of the web, a template (Fr. cerce) being employed to support the stones of each ring until it was complete. In Italy, Germany and Spain the French method of building the web was adopted, with horizontal courses and a domical form. Sometimes, in the case of comparatively narrow compartments, and more especially in clerestories, the wall rib was stilted, and this caused a peculiar twisting of the web, as may be seen in fig. 9, where the springing of the wall rib is at K: to these twisted surfaces the term ploughshare vaulting is given.
Gloucester cathedral east end with perpendicular lierne vaulting
One of the earliest examples of the introduction of the intermediate rib is found in the nave of Lincoln Cathedral, and there the ridge rib is not carried to the wall rib. It was soon found, however, that the construction of the web was much facilitated by additional ribs, and consequently there was a tendency to increase their number, so that in the nave of Exeter Cathedral three intermediate ribs were provided between the wall rib and the diagonal rib. In order to mask the junction of the various ribs, their intersections were ornamented with richly carved bosses, and this practice increased on the introduction of another short rib, known as the lierne, a term in France given to the ridge rib. English Lierne vaulting uses short ribs that cross between the main ones; these were employed chiefly as decorative features, for example in stellar vaults, one of the best examples of which is in the vault of the oriel window of Crosby Hall, London. The tendency to increase the number of ribs led to singular results in some cases, as in the choir of Gloucester Cathedral where the ordinary diagonal ribs become mere ornamental mouldings on the surface of an intersected pointed barrel vault, and again in the cloisters, where the introduction of the fan vault, forming a concave-sided conoid, returned to the principles of the Roman geometrical vault. This is further shown in the construction of these fan vaults, for although in the earliest examples each of the ribs above the tas-de-charge was an independent feature, eventually it was found easier to carve them and the web out of the solid stone, so that the rib and web were purely decorative and had no constructional or independent functions.
There is more information on the rib vault at the main article for vaulting.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Gardner's Art Through the Ages, (2006), Ch. 13. Gothic Art: "Architectural Basics" p. 352.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "article name needed". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series, season 8)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Not to be confused with Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series, season 8).
Hawaii Five-0 (season 8)
Hawaii Five-0 Season 8 Promotional Poster
Starring
Alex O'Loughlin
Scott Caan
Meaghan Rath
Jorge Garcia
Taylor Wily
Dennis Chun
Kimee Balmilero
Chi McBride
Beulah Koale
Ian Anthony Dale
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
12
Release
Original network
CBS
Original release
September 29, 2017 (2017-09-29) – present
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 7
List of Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series) episodes
The eighth season of the CBS police procedural drama series Hawaii Five-0 premiered on September 29, 2017 for the 2017–18 television season.[1] The season is expected to contain 24 episodes.[2][3]
This is the first season not to feature Daniel Dae Kim, Grace Park, and Masi Oka. This is also the first season to feature Meaghan Rath and Beulah Koale, who joined as new main cast members. In addition, longtime recurring cast members Dennis Chun, Kimee Balmilero, and Taylor Wily were promoted to series regulars, while other longtime recurring cast member Ian Anthony Dale joined as a series regular in the seventh episode.
Contents
[hide]
1 Cast and characters
1.1 Main cast
1.2 Recurring cast
1.3 Guest stars
2 Episodes
3 Production
3.1 Daniel Dae Kim's and Grace Park's departure controversies
3.2 Cast changes
4 Reception
4.1 Ratings
5 References
6 External links
Cast and characters[edit]
Main cast[edit]
Alex O'Loughlin as Lieutenant Commander Steven "Steve" McGarrett, United States Navy Reserve
Scott Caan as Detective Sergeant Daniel "Danny" "Danno" Williams, Honolulu Police Department
Meaghan Rath as Officer Tani Rey
Jorge Garcia as Special Consultant Jerry Ortega
Taylor Wily as Kamekona Tupuola
Dennis Chun as Sergeant Duke Lukela, Honolulu Police Department
Kimee Balmilero as Dr. Noelani Cunha
Chi McBride as Captain Lou Grover, Honolulu Police Department
Beulah Koale as Police Candidate later Officer assigned to Five-0 Task Force, Junior Reigns
Ian Anthony Dale as Adam Noshimuri
Recurring cast[edit]
Paige Hurd as Samantha Grover
Teilor Grubbs as Grace Williams
Zach Sulzbach as Charlie Williams
Shawn Mokuahi Garnett as Flippa Tupuola
Chosen Jacobs as Will Grover
Al Harrington as Mamo Kahike
Shawn Anthony Thomsen as Pua Kai
Claire Forlani as Alicia Brown
Andrew Lawrence as Eric Russo
Kunal Sharma as Koa Rey
Kekoa Kekumano as Nahele Huikala
Guest stars[edit]
Joey Lawrence as Aaron Wright, brother of world-class hacker Ian Wright[4]
Randy Couture as Jason Duclair
Bob McCracken as DEA Agent Chris Reid
Casper Van Dien as Roger Niles
Chris Vance as Harry Langford, former MI6 agent
Steven Brand as John Walcott
Derek Mio as Derek Okada
Leonardo Nam as Harley Taylor
Reggie Lee as Joey Kang
Will Yun Lee as Sang Min
Lili Simmons as Melissa Armstrong
Erika Brown as adult Grace Williams
Joey Defore as 20 year-old Charlie Williams
Episodes[edit]
See also: List of Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series) episodes
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)
169
1 "A'ole e 'olelo mai ana ke ahi ua ana ia"
"Fire Will Never Say that It Has Had Enough" Bryan Spicer Peter M. Lenkov & Eric Guggenheim & Rob Hanning September 29, 2017 (2017-09-29) 801 8.64[5]
Five-0 investigates a world class hacker (Joey Lawrence), who turns out to be the brother of serial hacker Ian Wright, after the former hacks into the Hawaii State prison and releases serial murderer/arsonist Jason DuClair (Randy Couture). DuClair soon leads the team on a manhunt that ends with a massive wildfire. With Kono and Chin on the mainland running their own respective task forces, McGarrett and Danny recruit lifeguard and former police candidate Tani Rey (Meaghan Rath) to join the task force to assist them but she is reluctant to do so. Meanwhile, McGarrett and Danny begin to invest in a restaurant.
Note: This is the first episode to feature Meaghan Rath, Taylor Wily, Dennis Chun and Kimee Balmilero as series regulars.
170
2 "Na La 'Ilio"
"Dog Days" Tara Miele David Wolkove & Matt Wheeler October 6, 2017 (2017-10-06) 803 8.53[6]
After a failed DEA drug bust Five-0 teams up with them to solve the case. Also former Navy SEAL Junior Reigns (Beulah Koale) turns to McGarrett looking for a job. Steve initially turns him down however, after he insists Steve introduces him to Duke Lukela then informs Junior that to become a part of the task force he will need to join and finish the Police academy.
Note: This is the first episode to feature Beulah Koale as a series regular.
171
3 "Kau pahi, ko'u kua. Kau pu, ko'u po'o"
"Your Knife, My Back. My Gun, Your Head." Eagle Egilsson David Wolkove & Matt Wheeler October 13, 2017 (2017-10-13) 802 8.51[7]
Five-0 with the help of former MI6 agent Harry Langford (guest star Chris Vance) investigate the murder of Jimmy Okada and 9 members of his crime family. After his son Derek sends men to take out John Walcott, Five-0 discovers that Walcott was more than a piano teacher, and that he was out seeking revenge for the death of his son Aiden, who died in a hit and run that Okada was responsible for. Also, Danny and Steve try their best by making dinner for Langford and his date.
172
4 "E uhi wale no 'a'ole e nalo, he imu puhi"
"No Matter How Much One Covers a Steaming Imu, The Smoke Will Rise" Antonio Negret Rob Hanning October 20, 2017 (2017-10-20) 804 8.67[8]
Five-0’s confidential informant Toast is murdered during a phone call between him and McGarrett. Five-0 turns to Aaron Wright (Joey Lawrence) for help, but when Tani is ambushed in the hotel room with Wright, the team realise that Wright is behind the leak of their confidential informants. Kamekona is abducted by Joey Kang and beaten for information about lost money that Kang lost before he was captured. On another hand, Junior is proving efficient at the shooting field at the HPD academy, but after McGarrett finds him at a building set up for homeless people, he decides Junior can live with him while finishing at the academy.
173
5 "Kama'oma'o, ka 'aina huli hana"
"At Kama'oma'o, The Land of Activities" Bronwen Hughes Peter M. Lenkov & Eric Guggenheim November 3, 2017 (2017-11-03) 805 8.63[9]
On Halloween, Five-0; later with the help of Alicia Brown (Claire Forlani) investigate the death of Tyler Riggins who is found dead in his truck stranded on the old Pali Highway. They are able to connect the recent murder of Bryon Hansen with Riggins’ murder, and discover that the murders are heavily based on old Hawaiian folklore and that it is the killers pattern. They later discover that the killer is Marissa Walker who has been missing for 12 years, and see her killings as her active revenge towards her sister. After talking to Hannah Bell, her daughter Lucey is kidnapped by Walker. Five-0 manage to rescue Lucey before Walker can finish recreating what happened to herself. In the meantime, on the mainland; Grover speaks to a captive named Sebastian Wake, who reveals true information about Clay Maxwell murdering his wife before he is executed.
174
6 "Mohala I Ka Wai Ka Maka O Ka Pua"
"Unfolded by the Water Are the Faces of the Flowers" Carlos Bernard Eric Guggenheim & Zoe Robyn November 10, 2017 (2017-11-10) 808 9.21[10]
When a man with a multiple personality disorder including a child and a protective father takes on the identity of a Honolulu Police Department officer and commits a series of murders Five-0 must do everything they can to find him. Also Steve's friends hold an intervention and hire a stress evaluator to try and help McGarrett reduce his stress.
175
7 "Kau Ka ‘Onohi Ali’i I Luna"
"The Royal Eyes Rest Above" Bryan Spicer Peter M. Lenkov & Eric Guggenheim November 17, 2017 (2017-11-17) 807 9.17[11]
After picking up Adam (Ian Anthony Dale) up from the airport McGarrett receives a call from Junior about a bank robbery in progress. Adam, Junior, and Steve then enter the bank and learn that the criminals escaped through a tunneled out hole in the safe. Steve pursues them through the tunnel while Adam and Junior follow on the street. Following an unsuccessful pursuit they then question a suspect who is then killed by one of the bank robbers while in the Iolani Palace. McGarrett and Grover pursue the suspects and are able to apprehend them following a gunfight. Also Tani keeps her brother from being arrested in a drug bust while Adam is forced to return to an empty home without Kono.
Note: This is the first episode to feature Ian Anthony Dale as a series regular.
176
8 "He Kaha Lu'u Ke Ala, Mai Ho'okolo Aku"
"The Trail Leads To A Diving Place; Do Not Follow After" Ron Underwood Liz Alper & Ally Seibert December 1, 2017 (2017-12-01) 806 8.56[12]
Five-0 is asked to investigate the plane crash of a stunt plane, which took the life of the famous stunt pilot Jason Sachs. Despite being refused access to investigate evidence by the NTSB, the team discovers it was a cover up, and take the lead investigator Callahan into custody. It’s later revealed that the real Sachs died in a car crash 6 years ago, and that the one that died was actually Luke Nixon, who had been going in as an informant undercover in the Guillermo crime family. The team manages to rescue Nixon’s wife and her son who were taken hostage by members of the crime family. Also, when a stunt plane happens to crash with Steve in it taking over for Nixon, he successfully manages to land.
177
9 "Make Me Kai"
"Death at Sea" Maja Vrvilo David Wolkove & Matt Wheeler December 8, 2017 (2017-12-08) 809 9.07[13]
Five-0 investigates a woman who was found adrift from shore unconscious. McGarrett, Danny, Tani and Junior discover a yacht abandoned at sea and find 11 dead bodies, however, McGarrett suspects that these victims were killed with a deadly bioweapon and fears that he and his team are exposed. Meanwhile, Adam, Grover and Jerry have only 8 hours to track down the people responsible and find a antidote to save the team.
178
10 "I Ka Wa Ma Mua, I Ka Wa Ma Hope"
"The Future is in the Past" Peter Weller Zoe Robyn December 15, 2017 (2017-12-15) 810 8.48[14]
Following the events of the previous episode the team is recovering at the hospital in quarantine. The room is breached and Danny is shot. The team is unable to leave the room because an explosive is placed on the door. While Steve performs life saving operations on Danny the bomb squad breaches the room and Danny receives the treatment he needs. Also while unconscious Danny dreams of a future where Grace is marrying Will Grover, Charlie becomes a member of the Honolulu Police Department and is offered a job on Five-0 by Tani, Adam and Kono have a child, and Tani is the new leader of the Five-0 Task Force at the rank of Captain and is married to Junior.
179
11 "Oni Kalalea Ke Ku A Ka La'au Loa"
"A Tall Tree Stands Above the Others" Tara Miele Rob Hanning December 15, 2017 (2017-12-15) 811 7.71[14]
On Christmas Eve, Danny tells Charlie a bedtime story about injured veterans helping Five-0 after Steve witnesses the aftermath of a gang of robbers dressed as Santa Claus. Also Junior officially becomes a member of the Five-0 Task Force.
180
12 "Ka Hopu Nui 'Ana"
"The Round Up" Eagle Egilsson David Wolkove & Matt Wheeler January 5, 2018 (2018-01-05) 812 9.96[15]
When a government task-force is set in the state with a goal to reduce gang related violence a member of the task force is killed in the bombing. The Five-0 Task Force teams up with the government task-force, HPD, and the National Guard to solve the murder.
181
13 "O Ka Mea Ua Hala, Ua Hala Ia"[16]
"What is Gone is Gone" Roderick Davis Sean O'Reilly January 12, 2018 (2018-01-12) 813 TBD
182
14 "Na Keiki A Kalaihaohia"[17]
"The Children of Kalaihaohia" Peter Weller Story by : Peter M. Lenkov
Teleplay by : Eric Guggenheim January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19) 814 TBD
Production[edit]
On March 23, 2017, CBS renewed the series for an eighth season, which premiered on September 29, 2017.[18][19] Filming for the season began in July 2017.
Daniel Dae Kim's and Grace Park's departure controversies[edit]
On June 30, 2017, ahead of the series's eighth season, it was announced that series regulars Daniel Dae Kim and Grace Park would be departing the series due to a salary dispute with CBS. Kim and Park had been seeking pay equality with co-stars Alex O'Loughlin and Scott Caan, but did not reach satisfactory deals with CBS Television Studios. CBS's final offer to Kim and Park was 10–15% lower than what O'Loughlin and Caan make in salary.[20] An update of their characters would be given in the first episode of the new season.[21]
Cast changes[edit]
Following Kim's and Park's departures it was announced that longtime recurring cast member Ian Anthony Dale who portrays Kono Kalakaua's husband Adam Noshimuri had been upped to series regular for the eighth season. It was also announced that Meaghan Rath and Beulah Koale would join the series as new characters and new members of Five-0.[22]
On July 21, 2017, it was announced that recurring cast members Taylor Wily, Kimee Balmilero, and Dennis Chun would also be upped to series regulars for the eighth season.[23]
Reception[edit]
Ratings[edit]
List of live and DVR ratings [show]
№
Episode
Air date
18-49
rating
Viewers
(millions)
Weekly
rank
Live+7
18-49
Live+7 viewers
(millions)
1 A'ole e 'olelo mai ana ke ahi ua ana ia September 29, 2017 1.0[5] 8.64[5] #22[24] 1.8[25] 11.91[25]
2 Na La 'Ilio October 6, 2017 1.1[6] 8.53[6] #16[26] N/A 11.55[27]
3 Kau pahi, ko'u kua. Kau pu, ko'u po'o October 13, 2017 1.0[7] 8.51[7] #16[28] N/A 11.39[29]
4 E uhi wale no 'a'ole e nalo, he imu puhi October 20, 2017 1.0[8] 8.67[8] #15[30] 1.7[31] 11.54[31]
5 Kama'oma'o, ka 'aina huli hana November 3, 2017 0.9[9] 8.63[9] #15[32] 1.6[33] 11.56[33]
6 Mohala I Ka Wai Ka Maka O Ka Pua November 10, 2017 1.1[10] 9.21[10] #17[34] N/A 12.13[35]
7 Kau Ka ‘Onohi Ali’i I Luna November 17, 2017 1.0[11] 9.17[11] #16[36] N/A 11.87[37]
8 He Kaha Lu'u Ke Ala, Mai Ho'okolo Aku December 1, 2017 0.9[12] 8.56[12] #17[38] 1.6[39] 11.70[39]
9 Make Me Kai December 8, 2017 1.1[13] 9.07[13] #9[40] 1.7[41] 11.95[41]
10 I Ka Wa Ma Mua, I Ka Wa Ma Hope December 15, 2017 0.9[14] 8.48[14] #13[42] TBA TBA
11 Oni Kalalea Ke Ku A Ka La'au Loa December 15, 2017 0.9[14] 7.71[14] #15[42] TBA TBA
12 Ka Hopu Nui 'Ana January 5, 2018 1.2[15] 9.96[15] TBA TBA TBA
13 Na Keiki A Kalaihaohia January 12, 2018 TBA TBA TBA TBA TBA
14 Oni Kalalea Ke Ku A Ka La'au Loa January 19, 2018 TBA TBA TBA TBA TBA
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Webb Mitovich, Matt (July 19, 2017). "Hawaii Five-0 Gives Kono's Husband a Promotion, Adds Two in Cast Shake-Up". TV Line. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Shows A-Z - hawaii five-0 on cbs". The Futon Critic. September 1, 2017. Retrieved September 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Development Update: Monday, November 6". The Futon Critic. United State: Futon Media. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.spoilertv.com/2017/08/hawaii-five-0-season-8-joey-lawrence-to.html
^ Jump up to: a b c Porter, Rick (October 2, 2017). "'Hell's Kitchen' premiere adjusts up: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Porter, Rick (October 9, 2017). "'Hawaii Five-0' and 'Hell's Kitchen' adjust up, 'Exorcist' adjusts down: Friday final ratings". Retrieved October 9, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Welch, Alex (October 16, 2017). "'Hell's Kitchen,' 'MacGyver,' 'Once Upon a Time,' & more remain unchanged: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Porter, Rick (October 23, 2017). "'Jane the Virgin,' 'Hawaii Five-0,' all others unchanged: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Porter, Rick (November 6, 2017). "'Hawaii Five-0,' 'Once Upon a Time' and others unchanged: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Porter, Rick (November 13, 2017). "'Hawaii Five-0,' 'Hell's Kitchen,' everything else unchanged: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 13, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Porter, Rick (November 20, 2017). "'Hell's Kitchen,' 'MacGyver' and all others unchanged: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 20, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Porter, Rick (December 4, 2017). "'Blue Bloods' and 'The Exorcist' adjust down: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 4, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Porter, Rick (December 11, 2017). "'Blue Bloods' adjusts down: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Porter, Rick (December 18, 2017). "'Hawaii Five-0' adjusts down: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Porter, Rick (January 8, 2018). "'Child Support,' 'MacGyver,' everything else steady: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ "(#HF811) "O Ka Mea Ua Hala, Ua Hala Ia (What is Gone is Gone)"". The Futon Critic. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ "(#HF814) "Na keiki a Kalaihaohia (The Children of Kalaihoahia)"". The Futon Critic. Retrieved January 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (March 23, 2017). "CBS Renews 5 Freshman & 11 Returning Series, Including 'MacGyver', 'Superior Donuts', 'Life In Pieces' & 'Hawaii Five-O'". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on March 23, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (June 1, 2017). "CBS Sets Fall 2017 Premiere Dates For 'Young Sheldon', '9 JKL' & Returning Series". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on June 1, 2017. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ryan, Maureen. "Daniel Dae Kim, Grace Park Exit 'Hawaii Five-0'". Variety.com. Archived from the original on July 7, 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Abrams, Natalie (June 30, 2017). "Hawaii Five-0 shocker: Grace Park, Daniel Dae Kim exit ahead of season 8". Archived from the original on June 30, 2017. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (July 19, 2017). "'Hawaii Five-0': Ian Anthony Dale Upped To Regular, Meaghan Rath & Beulah Koale Join Cast After Shake-Up". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Hawaii actors Chun, Wily, Balmilero join main 'Five-0' cast". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. 2017-07-21. Retrieved 2017-07-25.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 3, 2017). "'Big Bang Theory,' 'Sunday Night Football' score in week 1 broadcast Top 25 and network rankings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (October 13, 2017). "'This Is Us' and 'The Good Doctor' score big in premiere week broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 10, 2017). "NFL times 2 dominates the week 2 broadcast Top 25 and network rankings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 18, 2017). "'The Orville,' 'Once Upon a Time,' 5 more shows double in week 2 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers.com. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 17, 2017). "NFL, 'Big Bang Theory' and 'NCIS' lead week 3's broadcast Top 25 and network rankings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 25, 2017). "'The Good Doctor' is the most-watched show on TV in week 3 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 24, 2017). "'This Is Us' and NFL carry NBC to 18-49 victory in week 4 broadcast Top 25 and network rankings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (November 2, 2017). "'Chicago PD,' 10 more shows double in week 4 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 7, 2017). "World Series, 'Big Bang Theory' lead week 6 broadcast Top 25 and network rankings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (November 17, 2017). "'This Is Us' and 12 more shows double in week 6 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 14, 2017). "NFL and 'This Is Us' carry NBC to victory in week 7 broadcast Top 25 and network rankings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 27, 2017). "'This Is Us' rides high in week 7 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 21, 2017). "NFL carries NBC to victory again: Week 8 broadcast Top 25 and network rankings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (December 5, 2017). "'Jane the Virgin,' 10 other shows double in week 8 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (December 5, 2017). "Football reigns supreme in week 10 broadcast Top 25 and network rankings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (December 15, 2017). "CW crossovers get another bump in week 10 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (December 12, 2017). "'The Voice,' 'Will & Grace' and of course NFL carry NBC to the top: Week 11 broadcast Top 25 and network rankings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (December 21, 2017). "'Agents of SHIELD' gets a good bump in week 11 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (December 19, 2017). "Football powers NBC and CBS to the top in week 12 broadcast Top 25 and network rankings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
External links[edit]
Official website
List of Hawaii Five-0 episodes on IMDb
List of Hawaii Five-0 episodes at TV.com
List of Hawaii Five-0 episodes at The Futon Critic
Hawaii Five-0 at epguides.com
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Age of marriage in the United States
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
General age of marriage (without parental or court approval or other exceptions taken into account)
18
19
21
Unlike most Western countries, half of the US states do not have a legal minimum age of marriage. While in most US states, individuals age 18 have the ability to marry (with two exceptions—Nebraska (19) and Mississippi (21)), all states allow minors to marry in certain circumstances, such as parental consent, judicial consent, pregnancy, or a combination of these situations. Most states allow parties aged 16 and 17 to marry with parental consent alone. In most states, children under 16 can be married too. In the 25 states [1] which have an absolute minimum age set by statute, this age varies between 13 and 17, while in 25 states there is no statutory minimum age if other legal conditions are met. Although in such states there is no set minimum age by statute, the traditional common law minimum age is 14 for boys and 12 for girls - ages which have been confirmed by case law in some states.[2] Over the past 15 years, more than 200,000 minors married in US, and in Tennessee girls as young as 10 were married in 2001.[3]

State
Minimum age
Notes
Statutory age when all exceptions are taken into account[2]
General age
Alabama[4] 16 18
Alaska[5] 14 18
Arizona[6] none 18 No minimum age with approval of a superior court judge and parental consent.
Arkansas[5] none 18
California[7] none 18 No minimum age with approval of a superior court judge and parental consent.
Colorado[5][8][9] none 18 No minimum age with judicial approval and parental consent.
Connecticut[10] 16 18 Since 2017, the minimum age is 16 with parental and judicial consent.[10]
Delaware[5] none 18
District of Columbia[5] 16 18
Florida[5] none 18 No minimum age in case of pregnancy[11]
Georgia[5] 16 18
Hawaii[5] 15 18 15 with parental or judicial consent.
Idaho[5] none 18
Illinois[5] 16 18
Indiana[12] 15 18 15 in the case of pregnancy with both parental and judicial consent.
Iowa[5] 16 18
Kansas[5] 15 18
Kentucky[5] none 18
Louisiana[5] none 18
Maine[5] none 18
Maryland[5] 15 18
Massachusetts[5] none[13] 18 Consent can be just judicial, but is normally both parental and judicial. In the absence of any statutory minimum age, one opinion is that the traditional minimum common law marriageable age of 12 for girls and 14 for boys may still be in effect.[14][15]
Michigan[citation needed][16] none 18 16 with parental consent
Minnesota[5] 16 18
Mississippi none 21 females 15–21 and males 17–21 can marry with parental consent alone[17]
Missouri[5] none 18 Parental consent required for ages 15–17. Judicial consent required below age 15.
Montana[5] 16 18
Nebraska[5] 17 19
Nevada[5] none 18
New Hampshire[18] 13 for females, 14 for males 18 In cases of "special cause" with parental consent and court permission.
New Jersey[citation needed] none 18 16 with parental consent and in case of pregnancy.
New Mexico[5] none 18
New York[19] 17 18 Since 2017, the minimum age is 17 with parental and judicial consent.
North Carolina 14 18
North Dakota[5] 14 18 14 With parental consent
Ohio[20] none 18 18 for males regardless of parental consent. 16 for females with parental consent, 18 for females without parental consent.[20]
Oklahoma[5] none 18
Oregon[5] 17 18 Consenting parent or guardian must accompany the applicant when applying for the marriage license.
Pennsylvania[citation needed] none 18 Under 16 years of age if a Judge of the Orphans Court "decides that it is to the best interest of the applicant and authorizes the issuance of the license."[21]
Rhode Island[5] none 18
South Carolina[5] 16 18
South Dakota[5] 16 18
Tennessee[5] none 18
Texas[22] 16 18 Since 2017, the minimum age is 18, however emancipated minors aged 16–17 have an exemption to legally marry.[23][24][25]
Utah[26] 15 18 15 with court approval and parental consent.
Vermont[5] 16 18
Virginia 16 18 In 2016, VA made 18 the minimum age; and 16 with court approval in special cases[27][28]
Washington[5] none 18 May be waived by superior court judge.[29]
West Virginia[5] none 18 No minimum with both parental and judicial consent
Wisconsin[5] 16 18
Wyoming[5] none 18
See also[edit]
Child marriage in the United States
Marriageable age
Minor (law)
Parental consent
References[edit]
Jump up ^ in 2017, Connecticut and Texas became the 24th and 25th states to set a minimum age [1] [2]
^ Jump up to: a b "Understanding State Statutes on Minimum Marriage Age and Exceptions". Tahirih Justice Center. November 2016. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
Jump up ^ https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/200000-children-married-us-15-years-child-marriage-child-brides-new-jersey-chris-christie-a7830266.html
Jump up ^ "Section 30-1-4: Minimum age for contracting marriage". Code of Alabama. Alabama Legislature. 1975. Retrieved 2017-06-03. A person under the age of 16 years is incapable of contracting marriage.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai "Marriage Laws of the Fifty States, District of Columbia and Puerto Rico". Legal Information Institute. 2008-04-14. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
Jump up ^ "25-102. Consent required for marriage of minors". Arizona Revised Statutes. Arizona State Legislature. Retrieved 2017-06-03. Persons under eighteen years of age shall not marry without the consent of the parent or guardian having custody of such person. Persons under sixteen years of age shall not marry without the consent of the parent or guardian having custody of that person and the approval of any superior court judge in the state.
Jump up ^ "California Marriage Age Requirements Laws". findlaw.com. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
Jump up ^ "Office of the Clerk and Recorder: Marriage & Recording / License Information / Marriage of Minors". City and County of Denver. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
Jump up ^ C.R.S. Colorado Revised Statutes 14-2-106
^ Jump up to: a b https://www.cga.ct.gov/asp/cgabillstatus/cgabillstatus.asp?selBillType=Bill&bill_num=HB05442&which_year=2017
Jump up ^ "Marriage Laws of the Fifty States, District of Columbia and Puerto Rico". Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 2017-06-05.
Jump up ^ "IC 31-11-1: ARTICLE 11. FAMILY LAW: MARRIAGE". Indiana Code 2016. Indiana General Assembly. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
Jump up ^ "Nonage minors; authorization of marriage", General Laws: Chapter 207, Section 25, Massachusetts General Court, retrieved 2017-06-03
Jump up ^ Richards, Victoria (2016-03-09). "Child marriage chart reveals girls can wed at 12 in some parts of the US - as lawmakers battle to raise age to 16". The Independent. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
Jump up ^ Hayden, Meg (2007-01-08). "Child Brides". Massachusetts Trial Court Law Libraries. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
Jump up ^ "Section 551.103: MARRIAGE LICENSE (EXCERPT), Act 128 of 1887". Michigan Legislature. 2015. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
Jump up ^ "Title 93 - DOMESTIC RELATIONS, Chapter 1 - MARRIAGE § 93-1-5 - Conditions precedent to issuance of license; penalty for noncompliance". 2013 Mississippi Code. Retrieved 2017-06-03. Every male who is at least seventeen (17) years old and every female who is at least fifteen (15) years old shall be capable in law of contracting marriage.
Jump up ^ "TITLE XLIII: DOMESTIC RELATIONS, CHAPTER 457: MARRIAGES, Age: Section 457:4". New Hampshire General Court. Archived from the original on 2008-02-02. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
Jump up ^ https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/06/20/us-new-york-governor-signs-anti-child-marriage-law "Human Rights Watch: NY State Marriage Laws Update 2016/2017". Human Rights Watch. Human Rights Watch. June 2017. Retrieved 2017-06-21.
^ Jump up to: a b "Ohio's Marriage Laws". Ohio State Bar Association. 2015-08-21. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
Jump up ^ "Title 23: CHAPTER 13, MARRIAGE LICENSE". Pennsylvania General Assembly. Retrieved 2017-06-03. |
Jump up ^ http://www.legis.state.tx.us/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=85R&Bill=SB1705
Jump up ^ [3]
Jump up ^ [4]
Jump up ^ [5]
Jump up ^ "Marriage Licenses". Courts of Utah. 2016-04-04. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
Jump up ^ Portnoy, Jenna (2016-07-03). "Why 13-year-olds can no longer marry in Virginia". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
Jump up ^ Tsui, Anjali (2016-07-08). "America's child marriage crisis: Virginia law tackles continuing issue". The Guardian. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
Jump up ^ "RCW 26.04.010 Marriage contract — Void marriages". Revised Code of Washington. Washington State Legislature. 2016-12-23. Retrieved 2017-06-03. Every marriage entered into in which either person has not attained the age of seventeen years is void except where this section has been waived by a superior court judge of the county in which one of the parties resides on a showing of necessity.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Age_of_marriage_in_the_United_States&oldid=816069714"
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This page was last edited on 19 December 2017, at 01:50.
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