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Fate/stay night: Unlimited Blade Works
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This article is about the anime television series. For the 2010 film, see Fate/stay night: Unlimited Blade Works (2010 film).
Fate/stay night: Unlimited Blade Works
Promotional artwork for the first DVD of Fate/stay night: Unlimited Blade Works, featuring Rin Tōsaka (left) and Archer (right).
Country of origin
Japan
No. of episodes
26 + OVA
Release
Original network
Tokyo MX, GTV, GYT, BS11
Original release
October 4, 2014 (2014-10-04) – June 27, 2015 (2015-06-27)
Season chronology
← Previous
Fate/Zero
Next →
Fate/stay night: Heaven's Feel
Fate/stay night: Unlimited Blade Works (officially Fate/stay night [Unlimited Blade Works]) is a 2014–2015 action, thriller, fantasy anime based on the visual novel Fate/stay night produced by Type-Moon. The plot of the episodes is primarily based on the Unlimited Blade Works storyline in the Fate/stay night visual novel, in which Shirō Emiya, a high school student and amateur magus living in Fuyuki City, Japan, is dragged into the Fifth Holy Grail War, a secret magical tournament. In it, seven participants, known as Masters, and their Servants, reincarnated personifications of legendary heroes of history, fight in a battle royale for the Holy Grail, an omnipotent magical chalice that can fulfill any wish or desire for its victor. Shirō and his Servant, Saber, are forced to team up with Rin Tōsaka, another Master in the Holy Grail War, but Shirō finds himself earning the strong dislike of Rin's mysterious Servant, Archer, whose motivations are unknown.
The anime is jointly produced by Aniplex, Notes, and Ufotable, the same studios that co-produced the 2011–2012 anime adaptation for Fate/Zero. It is also directed by Takahiro Miura, with music composed by Hideyuki Fukasawa; character designs by Tomonori Sudou, Hisayuki Tabata, and Atsushi Ikariya, based on the original designs by Takashi Takeuchi; and art, 3D, and photography directions by Koji Eto, Kōjirō Shishido, and Yuichi Terao, respectively. The first half of the series ran from October 4 to December 27, 2014. The second half ran from April 4 to June 27, 2015.[1] An advanced screening online premiered on September 28, 2014, in several countries across the world, including Japan, the United States, France, Germany, Italy and South Korea.[2]
Aniplex of America has acquired streaming and home video rights to the 2014 series for North America.[3] They released an English dub of the first half of the series on DVD and limited Blu-ray Disc on August 25, 2015.[4][5] A ten-minute original video animation episode was featured on the Blu-ray release of the second half of the series, which was released on October 7, 2015; the episode was based on an alternate ending from the visual novel, titled Sunny Day.[6]
The first opening theme is "Ideal White" by Mashiro Ayano and the first ending theme is "Believe" by Kalafina. A cover version of "This Illusion" from the original visual novel was used as the ending theme for episode 12, performed by LiSA. The second opening theme is "Brave Shine" by Aimer and the second ending theme is "Ring Your Bell" by Kalafina. A remix of "Ring Your Bell", titled "Ring Your Bell (in the silence)", was used as the ending theme for episode 15. The song "Last Stardust", performed by Aimer, was used as an insert song for episode 20.
Contents
[hide]
1 Episode list
1.1 First season
1.2 Second season
2 Music
2.1 Original Soundtrack I
3 References
4 External links
Episode list[edit]
First season[edit]
No.
Title
Original airdate[7]
0
"Prologue"
"Purorōgu" (プロローグ) October 4, 2014
In Fuyuki City, Japan, Rin Tōsaka wakes up after having a dream about her last moment with her father Tokiomi. Once she arrives at school, she realizes she is early because the clocks in her home were set forward by an hour. She meets with other people at the school who arrived early, including Ayako Mitsuzuri, the head of the school's archery club; Sakura Matō, a new member of the archery club; Shinji Matō, Sakura's older brother; Taiga Fujimura, one of the schoolteachers; Issei Ryuudou, the student council president; and an unknown red-haired boy fixing a heater for Issei. After school, Rin performs a summoning ritual and summons a Servant of the Archer class, much to her displeasure, as she hoped to summon a Servant of the Saber class. Archer is initially dissatisfied with Rin, who uses one of her Command Seals to order Archer to listen to all of her orders. While the order is worded vaguely and therefore pointless, Archer admits that he now realizes her skill as a mage. The next day, Rin skips school and shows Archer around the city, revealing to him that she has no wish for the Holy Grail, only a desire to win. The following day, Rin senses a magical barrier being set up at school. As night falls, Rin attempts to destroy the barrier, but is then confronted by another Servant, identified as being of the Lancer class, who engages Archer in a sword-fight. As they battle, Archer correctly deduces that Lancer is in fact the ancient Irish hero Cú Chulainn. The battle is witnessed by a student, whom Lancer pursues and mortally wounds before fleeing. Finding the student's body, Rin identifies him as the same red-haired boy who was helping Issei, and decides to use magic to revive him. After leaving, Rin and Archer realize that Lancer's Master will sense that the student has survived and have Lancer finish the job. They head over to the suburbs to save the student, only to be attacked by another Servant, whom Rin identifies as belonging to the Saber class.
1
"Winter Day, Fateful Night"
"Fuyu no Hi, Unmei no Yoru" (冬の日、運命の夜) October 11, 2014
Shirō Emiya is woken up by Sakura, a close friend of his who visits his home frequently. After having breakfast with her and Taiga, who is his legal guardian, he goes to school and fixes a heater for Issei, which is briefly observed by Rin. Issei remarks that Shirō never hesitates in helping people in need and warns him that he may be taken advantage of by inconsiderate people. While walking home from school, he encounters a silver-haired girl, who warns him to summon a Servant soon before vanishing. The next day, while helping Sakura with the dishes, Shirō notices a bruise on her hand and assumes that Shinji is beating her. At school, he learns from Mitsuzuri that Shinji has recently been acting more aggressively. He is then informed by other students of the murders of a family of four; while visiting the crime scene, Shirō recalls the time he was rescued by Kiritsugu Emiya in the aftermath of a devastating fire that occurred ten years ago, later being adopted by him and learning that he is a mage. He then notes how he had devoted his life to Kiritsugu's ideal of becoming a hero of justice. The following day, he stays late at school and confronts Shinji about Sakura's injury, but Shinji denies any involvement before asking Shirō to clean the school's kyūdō dojo, which he decides to do. After finishing, he witnesses the fight between Archer and Lancer, the latter of whom notices him. Fleeing inside the school, Shirō is suddenly cornered by Lancer, who stabs him in the heart and flees. Shirō nearly dies from his wound, but is revived by Rin, who then quickly leaves before he can recognize her. Returning home, he is attacked by Lancer again and forced to flee into the backyard shed. There, he accidentally summons Saber, who wards off Lancer after a brief battle. After identifying Shirō as her Master, Saber engages Archer in a sword-fight, forcing Shirō to use one of his Command Seals to stop her assault. The two are then greeted by a calm Rin.
2
"When the Curtain Goes Up"
"Kaimaku no Toki" (開幕の刻) October 18, 2014
Back in Shirō's home, Rin explains that he had been chosen as a Master for the Holy Grail War, then explains the basics behind it. When Shirō is unable to comprehend the situation, Rin decides to take him to see Kirei Kotomine, a priest who is her legal guardian and also the overseer of the Holy Grail War. When they arrive at Kirei's church and meet up with him, Shirō learns that once someone is chosen to fight as a Master, their responsibilities are unavoidable. He then learns about the Holy Grail and the purpose of the Holy Grail War. Then, Shirō learns that there were four Holy Grail Wars before the current one, with the latest one taking place ten years ago. When he asks what happens if a Master with dark intentions wins the Grail, Kirei replies that there can be no action taken against the victor, and that the only way he could prevent such a Master from winning is to win it himself. He then adds that at the conclusion of the previous Holy Grail War, a Master with dark intentions touched the Grail, resulting in the fire that Shirō survived, a revelation which horrifies Shirō. Kirei then reveals that before the unworthy Master appeared, another Master actually won the Grail and held it, but because the Grail hadn't fully materialized at the time due to this Master refusing to fight, it deemed him unworthy to hold it. As a result of all the information he had just learned, Shirō finally accepts his responsibilities as a Master. Regrouping with Saber outside of the church, Shirō declares that he will be her Master, and they agree to fight in the Holy Grail War together. Later, Archer informs Rin that since Shirō is now a proper Master, they should attack, but she responds that she still has a debt to pay him and instead decides to let him and Saber return home. Moments later, they are confronted by the same silver-haired girl Shirō briefly met earlier, who is revealed to also be a Master, and her Servant, which Rin identifies as belonging to the Berserker class.
3
"The First Battle"
"Shosen" (初戦) October 25, 2014
The girl introduces herself as Illyasviel von Einzbern, a name which Rin recognizes. She and Archer evaluate Berserker's strength before Archer moves to a farther position so he can attack Berserker from a distance. Berserker then attacks Saber, who is overwhelmed by his brute strength and agility. Archer and Rin try to provide support for Saber, but Berserker constantly winds up being unaffected by their strikes. When the fight moves away into the suburbs, Rin orders Shirō to run, but he remembers his agreement with Saber and instead follows them. As the fight progresses, Kirei is visited by a mysterious blond, red-eyed man, and they both claim their intentions to witness the Holy Grail's materialization in its fullest detail. The fight then moves through a forest and into a local cemetery, where Rin tries to kill Illyasviel, but she counters with several bird-shaped homunculi. Rin is rescued by Archer's attacks. While running back to Saber, Rin runs into Shirō, and they watch as Saber kills Berserker, but he suddenly resurrects and regenerates himself, one of his Noble Phantasms. Archer projects and fires a sword-shaped arrow at Berserker, which engulfs him in a massive explosion, but it has no effect. Illyasviel, impressed by Archer's strength, withdraws Berserker and flees. Seconds later, Shirō suddenly begins vomiting blood.
4
"Finding the Will to Fight"
"Sen'i no Arika" (戦意の在処) November 1, 2014
Shirō wakes up in his home, uninjured and Rin sitting at his side. She leaves, but not before telling him that when they meet next time, it will be as enemies. Shirō then finds Saber in the dojo, and she reveals that he has self-healing magical capabilities, explaining the absence of the injuries he sustained in the battle with Berserker. Saber then explains the mechanics of the seven Servants and the advantages and disadvantages of knowing a Servant's real-life identity, then asks that she not reveal her identity to him since he is an inexperienced mage, a request he approves of. Shirō and Saber then go to school to deliver lunch to the archery club. There, Saber explores the school and has a tense encounter with Sōichirō Kuzuki, one of the instructors, before they are interrupted by Shirō. Later that day, while still at the school, Shirō is approached by Mitsuzuri, who asks if he will rejoin the archery club before noting he has never smiled in his life. While walking home with Saber, Sakura, and Taiga, he explains that Saber is a friend of Kiritsugu's and will be staying with him temporarily. Sakura is seemingly horrified by the idea, but Taiga approves under the condition that she stay in the home as well during that time. Elsewhere, Rin and Archer investigate an office building purportedly having a gas leak and find it is actually the work of another Servant who is absorbing the life force of the employees inside. They theorize that the Servant responsible is of the Caster class and is likely at Ryuudou Temple. When Rin decides to pursue Caster, Archer notes that she is ignoring Shirō, who she could easily kill to get him out of her way. He asks what will happen if Shirō approaches her again, and Rin states that she will kill him.
5
"Dancing After School"
"Hōkago ni Odoru" (放課後に踊る) November 8, 2014
Five years ago, Kiritsugu tells Shirō about how he once wished to become a hero of justice. Shirō promises him that he will fulfill that dream for him, after which Kiritsugu passes away in satisfaction. In the present day, Shirō goes to school alone, despite Saber's insistence that she accompany him. At school, he learns from Issei that Mitsuzuri had gone missing the previous day and that she was last seen arguing with Shinji, who is currently absent, with no one able to contact him. As school ends for the day, Shirō is confronted by Rin, who attacks him despite his protests. After a brief chase, Rin eventually corners him and tries threatening him into handing over his remaining Command Seals, but before she can carry out her threat, they hear a scream. Shirō investigates and finds an unconscious student who has most of her mana absorbed. As Rin treats the student, Shirō is wounded after shielding her from an incoming attack by an unknown female Servant. He then pursues the Servant into the nearby woods, where he is restrained and nearly killed, only to be saved by Rin, whose appearance prompts the Servant to flee. Rin treats Shirō's wounds and decides to call off their fight, taking him to her house to evaluate the situation. Once there, the two agree to have a truce and track down the Servant and her Master together. The following night, Rin learns of Shirō's magical training, which she is outraged by, as Kiritsugu didn't adhere to the tradition of magecraft and prioritized himself as a father rather than a mage.
6
"Mirage"
"Shinkirō" (蜃気楼) November 15, 2014
While walking back home, Shirō senses Archer following him. After a brief conversation, Archer responds that he doesn't have any interest in the Holy Grail. He then explains that Servants are no more than mere tools for their Masters and reveals that he died with no unfulfilled dreams before disappearing. Returning home, Shirō learns from Taiga that Mitsuzuri was found alive without any visible injuries. He then meets up with Saber and tells her of the truce he made with Rin, which she approves of. The next day, at the school library, Shirō and Rin discuss on how to locate the female Servant's Master before Shirō senses a sigil in one of the bookshelves, which Rin disables. They then explore the school grounds and disable other sigils, which they realize were set up for strengthening the magical barrier placed over the school. While preparing to head home, Shirō is confronted by Shinji, who reveals himself as the female Servant's Master and also the one who set up the barrier, also exposing the entire Matō family as a former clan of mages. Shinji then tries to convince Shirō to form an alliance, but he turns the offer down, although he promises to keep quiet about their conversation. The following night, Shirō wakes up and finds himself restrained at Ryuudou Temple. He is approached by a hooded female Servant, identified as Caster, who admits responsibility for a purported series of gas leaks all over Fuyuki, enraging Shirō. Caster then expresses her intention to remove Shirō's Command Seals and transplant them to her own Master, but before she can do so, Archer intervenes and prepares to engage Caster in battle. Meanwhile, Saber senses Shirō's disappearance and heads to Ryuudou Temple, only to be faced by a second Servant, who identifies himself as an Assassin-class Servant and claims to be the Japanese swordsman Sasaki Kojirō. Then, he challenges Saber to a duel.
7
"Reward for the Desperate Struggle"
"Shitō no Kotae" (死闘の報酬) November 22, 2014
Saber engages Assassin in battle after he threatens the safety of Shirō, and is shocked to find that despite her advantages in strength and agility, she cannot break through his defenses. At Ryuudou Temple, Caster reveals that Assassin is her own Servant, as she is a mage as well. Archer claims that she broke the rules of the Holy Grail War and insults her tactics before engaging her in battle. After a while, Archer manages to critically wound Caster, prompting Assassin to finish his assault prematurely with his Noble Phantasm. When Caster asks Archer why he is not finishing her off, he responds that his main goal was Shirō's safety and he is not a believer in senseless slaughter. This causes Caster to compare Shirō and Archer, claiming that their ideals are so identical that they are "the same", before trying to ask them to join her, although both reject the offer. Archer then allows Caster to flee despite the fact that she will continue to kill innocent people. When Shirō protests this decision, Archer counters that doing so will be instrumental in the defeat of not only her, but those of her Master and Berserker. Disgusted by Archer's willingness to allow collateral damage, Shirō criticizes his ideals, and Archer defends them, citing that if Caster were to win the Holy Grail, the damage would extend far beyond Fuyuki. Unable to accept this, Shirō tries going after Caster alone, but is slashed in the back by Archer. He staggers out of Ryuudou Temple and is tended to by Saber, who survived Assassin's Noble Phantasm. Archer continues his assault, but is distracted by Assassin, who is impressed by Saber's power and allows her and Shirō to escape. At the dojo, after commenting on Archer's swordsmanship, Shirō, now unwilling to lose to him again, asks Saber to teach him how to fight with a sword.
8
"Winter Days, Whereabouts of Mind"
"Fuyu no Hi, Kokoro no Shozai" (冬の日、心の所在) November 29, 2014
After having a lesson with Saber on how to use a sword, Shirō notices that he performed better than during his previous lesson. He notes to Saber that he is using Archer's techniques as a basis for his study, which seems to upset Saber. Arriving at school late, Shirō is met by Shinji, who greets him ominously. During lunchtime, Rin reluctantly forces Shirō to eat with her at the school rooftop. She reveals that she learned about Archer's attack on him and was forced to use a Command Seal to prevent him from further attacking him. Shirō asks about the Matō family being a bloodline of mages; Rin responds that while they are, their magical abilities died off with each generation. She then admits that she had recently found out Shinji was a Master, but relented in attacking him because he lacked experience in magic, and that as a result, there is another Master present in the school. Then, Shinji's Servant activates a second, much stronger magical barrier around the school, which absorbs the mana of everyone but Shirō and Rin. The two are attacked by skeletal beings called Golems, and Shirō summons Saber via Command Seal. Saber battles the Golems while he and Rin go to the school's first floor to disable the barrier. After dispatching several Golems, Saber faces off against Shinji's Servant, who is identified as being of the Rider class, and manages to stab her, but Rider is revealed to be an apparition created by Caster, who disappears. Meanwhile, Shirō and Rin find Shinji and the corpse of the real Rider, which dissolves, causing the barrier to dissipate. Shinji refuses to identify the Servant who killed Rider and flees the school. After Shirō, Rin, and Saber assess the situation and deduce that Caster killed Rider, Rin notes Shirō's ability to recognize the conditions of the unconscious students and employees, and he replies that he is used to seeing dead bodies, which confuses Rin.
9
"The Distance Between Them"
"Futari no Kyori" (二人の距離) December 6, 2014
Following the events at the school, Shirō allows Saber to sleep next to his room so she can prevent him from being taken by Caster again. Meanwhile, Shinji arrives at Kirei's church and pleads with him to offer him shelter and protection. However, when he finds out he was the first Master to lose his Servant, he blames the loss on Rider, yelling that she was useless as a Servant. Realizing Shinji still has a resolve to fight, Kirei tells him there is one additional Servant available for usage. After clearing Issei of being Caster's Master, Shirō encounters Rin, who is spying on the blond-haired, red-eyed man who visited Kirei at his church; the man has been observing the Matō home for some time. When the man leaves, Rin asks Shirō about what would happen if someone were to be adopted by another family against his or her will, and forced to grow up in their care. While eating dinner, Taiga tells Saber about Shirō's childhood and Kiritsugu, commenting that they seemed to be polar opposites of each other due to their personalities, and also mentions Shirō's wish to become a hero of justice. When Saber asks him why he wants to become a hero of justice, Shirō vaguely replies that it is because he looks up to them. However, while in his room alone, he concludes he only wants to follow in Kiritsugu's footsteps, and then remembers Archer's words that his ideals are flawed.
10
"The Fifth Contractor"
"Goninme no Keiyakusha" (五人目の契約者) December 13, 2014
Rin wakes up after having a dream about how Archer became a Servant in the first place. She later discusses Shirō's reliability as an ally with Archer, who suggests Caster would be a more efficient partner for them, which upsets her. At school, Shirō notices Issei talking with Kuzuki and learns from him that Kuzuki lives at Ryuudou Temple with a mysterious woman who is believed to be his fiancée. Rin theorizes from the information that Kuzuki is Caster's Master and plans on confirming them by attacking Kuzuki with a non-lethal magical attack and observing his reaction. The following night, Shirō, Rin, and Saber set up their quarters at an abandoned gas station that Kuzuki usually passes by. When he arrives, Rin fires the magical attack at him, but he is unaffected and Caster arrives for assistance. An outraged Shirō confronts Kuzuki and asks if he knew about Caster's attacks on innocent people; Kuzuki responds that he was unaware but did not care in the slightest, revealing himself to be a former killer. Rin then attacks Caster as a distraction while Saber tries to strike Kuzuki, but Kuzuki uses magically-strengthened fists to subdue Saber and Rin, then brutalizes Shirō. In response, he summons Archer's dual swords and uses them to repel Kuzuki's attacks. When Saber and Rin regain consciousness, Kuzuki and Caster flee. Rin asks Shirō how he was able to summon weapons, and he reveals that while he specialized in strengthening magic, he first succeeded at using projection magic. Meanwhile, Shinji meets his new Servant, the blond-haired, red-eyed man, who dismisses his strategy to kill innocent people for their mana and reveals his plan to use the Holy Grail to kill most of the human population in the world.
11
"A Visitor Approaches Lightly"
"Raihōsha wa Karoyaka ni" (来訪者は軽やかに) December 20, 2014
After the battle with Caster and Kuzuki, Shirō and Saber return home. Shirō claims he is fine so as not to worry Saber, but is clearly in pain and off-balance as a result of using projection magic. The next day, he goes to school and finds that Kuzuki is absent due to what is claimed to be an illness. After school, Shirō returns home, where Rin suddenly arrives unannounced. The two proceed to formulate a strategy to deal with Caster. However, their only viable plan is a full-frontal attack against Ryuudou Temple. While Rin and Saber agree it is their best shot, they fear that Caster might opt to destroy the entire temple if she is cornered. After dinner, Shirō meets Rin in the courtyard, where she muses that Shirō's house is more open and welcoming than her own, and that perhaps it is better that Shirō did not adopt the lifestyle of a true mage. She then tells Shirō that she became a mage because she personally enjoys studying magic, and asks him what his reasons for studying magic are. Shirō responds that he wants to use magic to help others, which frustrates Rin, who cites that it is not right for him to put the happiness of others above his own. She then tells Shirō that she will be staying at his house for the night before punishing him the next day. Later that night, Shirō returns to the shed to practice his magic. Saber comes in to check on him, and he tells her how Kiritsugu was a good man and how he wanted to be a hero like him. Archer then arrives and asks Shirō about his symptoms, knowing precisely the side-effects of using projection magic. He tells Shirō that the pain he is feeling is due to activating magic circuits that have long laid dormant. After repairing Shirō's magic circuits and noting that he once went through a similar experience, Archer warns him that his ideals are meaningless and doomed to fail, something Shirō denies.
12
"The Final Choice"
"Saigo no Sentaku" (最後の選択) December 27, 2014
In an attempt to make Shirō selfishly happy, Rin takes Shirō out on a date into town accompanied by Saber, teasing him the whole time to his chagrin, though Shirō turns the tables by making her confess that she spent the night with him out of concern, and ultimately he is not satisfied. While returning home, the three find themselves inside a magical barrier, and they are ambushed by Caster and several water Golems. Caster reveals she has taken Taiga hostage and threatens to kill her unless Shirō hands over his magical circuits to her. When Shirō refuses, Caster tells him that she knows about the fire that he survived ten years ago, then claims her knowledge of a method to summon the Holy Grail without any further fighting, which can only be accomplished by Saber's mana. Shirō allows Caster to take his Command Seals in order to rescue Taiga, but an ambivalent Saber engages Caster in battle. Shirō uses a Command Seal to stop Saber, allowing Caster to stab her in the heart with a dagger-like Noble Phantasm called "Rule Breaker", which takes Shirō's remaining Command Seals and gives Caster control over Saber. After releasing Taiga, Caster forces Saber to kill Rin, but Shirō is injured while taking the blow. Saber then resists against Caster's magic long enough for Shirō, Rin, and Taiga to escape with assistance from Archer. Regaining consciousness at Rin's house, Shirō finds a jewel. He recognizes it as the same one that had been used on him while Rin revived him after he was stabbed by Lancer during the first battle. Meanwhile, Caster arrives at Kirei's church and demands the location of the Lesser Grail, the vessel for the Holy Grail. When he refuses to disclose it, she has him attacked by Golems. Shirō finds Rin at the top of a skyscraper and tries offering his assistance. However, she tells him that without Saber as his Servant, there is no longer a reason for him to be involved in the Holy Grail War and leaves with Archer. As she leaves, Rin warns him to stay out of the war, otherwise he will die.
Second season[edit]
No.
Title
Original airdate[7]
13
"Time of Departure"
"Ketsubetsu no Toki" (決別の刻) April 4, 2015
Shirō returns home and reminisces about how Kiritsugu's ideals and the Fuyuki City fire ten years ago inspired him to become a hero of justice. Meanwhile, at Kirei's church, Caster visits a captive Saber, who is resisting magical torture. She is then confronted by Kuzuki, who learns that her last two attacks had been of her own free will and that she intends to use the church to obtain the Holy Grail's vessel. After waking up from a dream about Archer, Rin goes to Kirei's church with Archer and finds bloodstains. She concludes that Caster attacked Kirei but he somehow managed to survive. The two then confront Caster and Kuzuki, but when Rin tries to fight them, Archer suddenly defends them from her attacks. Citing Saber's change in alliegance to Caster's side, Archer pledges his allegiance to Caster, revealing that she is the ancient Greek princess Medea and allowing her to stab him with Rule Breaker, which removes Rin's Command Seals. Kuzuki then tries to kill Rin, but she is saved by a recovered Shirō. When Caster counters with Golems, Archer stops her and has her release Shirō and Rin as a condition for him joining forces with her. While on their way back to Shirō's home, Rin confesses that Archer joined Caster because he knew Rin's strategies were hopelessly flawed. Shirō counters by telling her that even though she failed this time, it doesn't mean she was wrong. After comforting her, Shirō returns the jewel he found at her house, telling her that he has another one at his home. When Rin asks why he rescued her, Shirō confesses that he loves her, which initially embarrasses her. However, she then thanks him for saving her life.
14
"Princess of Colchis"
"Korukisu no Oujo" (コルキスの王女) April 11, 2015
At his home, Shirō tells Rin that he plans on continuing to fight in the Holy Grail War, even without a Servant. She replies that she has no choice but to let him before reaffirming their partnership. While discussing a strategy to defeat Caster and rescue Saber, the two decide to team up with Illyasviel, since Archer had told Rin that Berserker is in fact the ancient Greek hero Heracles, which might give them an advantage against Caster. Meanwhile, Caster recounts the time when she was summoned for the Holy Grail War by another magus, only to be unsatisfied by his inefficient method of acquiring mana for her. After Caster asked that she be allowed to acquire mana herself, the magus realized he could not trust a magic user better than himself. As a result, he contacted Kirei and asked for another Servant, but Kirei told him to dispatch Caster first before making another Master-Servant pact. The magus then sent out a contract for Caster's death to Lancer's Master, a colleague. In the meantime, she destroyed the magus's workshop, and then killed him when he returned and tried to use his Command Seals to force her into committing suicide. She was then gravely injured by Lancer and barely escaped with her life, but was saved by Kuzuki, who became her new Master. In the present day, Illyasviel observes Shirō and Rin traveling to her villa and sends her out maids to receive them. However, the villa is breached by Shinji and his new Servant, who reveals that the Holy Grail's vessel is being held inside Illyasviel. When the maids try to protect Illyasviel, the Servant kills them with a Noble Phantasm that summons numerous swords. He is then confronted by Illyasviel, who orders Berserker to attack him.
15
"A Legendary Showdown"
"Shinwa no Taiketsu" (神話の対決) April 18, 2015
Ten years ago, in the aftermath of the Fourth Holy Grail War, Illyasviel had a vision of her mother Irisviel, who claimed her husband and Illyasviel's father, a participant in the war, betrayed them by refusing to accept the Holy Grail when it presented itself to him. At first, she refused to believe it, but realized the truth when her father did not return home. As time passed, she stumbled upon a room in her home, containing numerous homunculi that were created to serve Illyasviel's purpose, only to fail in their missions. Realizing she too is a homunculus from their dying messages, Illyasviel became disillusioned with her life. Later on, she met her current maids, who assisted her in summoning Berserker. However, she initially did not want him, resolving to participate and win the Holy Grail War by herself. During the final test of her Master-Servant link ritual, she was separated from Berserker and lost her way in the nearby woods. A pack of wolves attacked her, but she was rescued by Berserker and she realized he protected her of his own free will afterwards. In the present day, Illyasviel and Berserker continue their battle against Shinji's Servant as Shirō and Rin arrive to witness the event. As the battle reaches the main entrance, the Servant eventually restrains Berserker using chains fired from his Noble Phantasm, allowing him to impale Berserker with a large spear. Then, he blinds and then stabs Illyasviel with a sword; as she crawls to Berserker's side, he makes one last attempt to strike the Servant, only to be killed. Shirō tries to intervene, but Illyasviel dies in comfort, believing Berserker is still at her side.
16
"Winter Days, the Form Wishes Take"
"Fuyu no Hi, Negai no Katachi" (冬の日、願いの形) April 25, 2015
As Shinji's Servant tears out Illyasviel's heart from her corpse, Shirō and Rin confront him and Shinji himself. When Rin threatens to kill Shinji, the two are forced to leave, but not before Shinji reveals his Servant's name to be Gilgamesh. While burying Illyasviel, Rin confronts Shirō about his ideals and tells him that he needs to prioritize himself over others, otherwise he will break. He refutes this by telling her of the time Kiritsugu rescued him, which caused him to admire him. However, Rin tells him that it is still wrong to value the lives of others over his own, citing that someone who was spared from a terrible tragedy has to live out their life to the fullest and that wishing for the happiness of others is no different from a machine. Despite her argument, Shirō remains committed to his ideals. Later on, as they evaluate Gilgamesh's power and conclude that Caster is still their priority, the two are approached by Lancer, who offers his assistance, which they accept. Meanwhile, Archer learns that Kuzuki is helping Caster return to her original era using the Holy Grail. Archer later confronts Shirō, Rin, and Lancer as they arrive at the church. Lancer engages Archer to give Shirō and Rin time to breach the church. As they do so, Rin informs Shirō that only one jewel (the same one he previously returned to her) exists in the world, and that Archer had already returned such a jewel to her.
17
"The Dark Sword Bares Its Fangs"
"Anken, Kiba o Muku" (暗剣、牙を剥く) May 2, 2015
Shirō and Rin confront Caster and Kuzuki, who engage them in battle. Meanwhile, Lancer overwhelms Archer with his attacks, after which Archer mocks his sense of loyalty and honor, thus infuriating him. As a result, Lancer tries to use his powerful Noble Phantasm to strike him down, but Archer is able to barely counter it with a magical barrier, which expends most of his strength in the process and destroys the church. After praising Lancer's power, Archer reveals he staged his betrayal of Rin so he could take advantage of Caster when she had her guard down, prompting Lancer to leave. Back at the church, Shirō and Rin are both overwhelmed by their opponents, but Archer suddenly appears and ambushes Kuzuki, firing several swords at him. Caster shields Kuzuki from the swords and is impaled herself. As she dies, she confesses to Kuzuki that her wish has already been granted. Kuzuki then tries to fight Archer, explaining that since he had participated in disrupting the usual proceedings of the Holy Grail War, he had to finish what he had started. He is then stabbed by Archer and crushed by a collapsing pillar. As Shirō attends to the captive Saber, Archer suddenly traps Rin inside a cage of swords and declares his intention, as a "Guardian", to kill Shirō.
18
"A Destiny Forged in the Beginning"
"Sono en wa hajimari ni" (その縁は始まりに) May 9, 2015
Saber risks disappearing, since she is without a Master to anchor her to the world, but defends Shirō from Archer, stating that she swore an oath to protect him and that it remains unchanged. However, she is overwhelmed by Archer, forcing Shirō to intervene and take over in the fight. Rin takes advantage of Archer's distraction to form a Master-Servant pact with Saber, which she accepts, therefore making her Rin's new Servant. Fully restored, she subdues Archer, who mocks her for her wish of rectifying her legacy. He then casts Reality Marble, a spell that creates an alternate reality. Shirō, Rin, and Saber are subsequently transported to Unlimited Blade Works, Archer's Noble Phantasm, which is an alternate reality consisting of a barren wasteland filled with swords and floating gears. Archer creates several swords and fires them at her, but Shirō summons a sword of his own and destroys them, dissipating Unlimited Blade Works as a result. A weakened Archer grabs Rin, intending to use her as an insurance policy against Shirō and Saber while he recuperates. Before he flees, Shirō tells him to meet with him at Illysaviel's villa. Later on, a restrained Rin wakes up in the villa's basement after having another dream about Archer, and confronts him about his past as a Guardian. Then, Shinji and Gilgamesh arrive, and Archer agrees to give Rin to them for their own needs after he has finished killing Shirō. Back at his house, Shirō tells Saber to let him battle Archer while she saves Rin, also implying that he knows Archer's true identity. As they make their way to Illysaviel's villa, they are joined by Lancer, who is also determined to rescue Rin.
19
"Idealism's End (Answer)"
"Risou no Kotae" (理想の末路(こたえ）) May 16, 2015
Shirō, Saber, and Lancer arrive at Illysaviel's villa, where they are met by Archer, who explains the true nature of his summoning: Rin had not in fact summoned him by chance, and the catalyst for his summoning was actually the pendant he carries, identical to the one Rin used to save Shirō. While Lancer runs off to retrieve Rin, Saber demands to know why Archer is so intent on killing Shirō. Archer responds that, like Shirō, he aspired to become a hero of justice and actually fulfilled that ideal, but became disillusioned by it and became a Servant so he could rectify it. He then forces Saber to reveal her back-story to Shirō: her true identity is King Arthur, who hoped to use the Holy Grail to undo her decision to become the king of Britain, as she believes it was her rule that eventually resulted in the country's destruction. When she then remarks that she and Archer are different in terms of how much they were able to live up to their ideals, Archer elaborates that when he became a Guardian in order to become a true hero of justice, he became disillusioned after he was forced to take lives in order to save many more. He eventually concluded that his ideals were shallow and that it was impossible to save everyone as he envisioned. Archer then reveals his true identity: Shirō's future self from one of the many alternate Fate universes, the Counter Guardian Heroic Spirit Emiya. Meanwhile, Shinji tries to rape Rin, only for Lancer to arrive and incapacitate him. Then, Kirei suddenly appears and reveals himself to be Lancer's Master. He further reveals that it was he who killed Rin's father in the previous Holy Grail War, and therefore was the Master with dark intentions. He then orders Lancer to kill Rin, intending to use her body as a vessel for the Holy Grail. When Lancer refuses, Kirei uses one of his many Command Seals and orders him to commit suicide, which he does. Back at the main entrance, Emiya tosses Shirō one of his swords and orders him to kill himself with it. However, Shirō refuses, proclaiming that since he learned Emiya's story, he will do all he can to avoid becoming him. As a result, he and Emiya prepare to engage each other in battle.
20
"Unlimited Blade Works" May 23, 2015
Shirō and Emiya begin their battle, with Shirō finding that while he is only barely able to hold off Emiya's attacks, he is slowly becoming stronger the longer he clashes with Emiya. Meanwhile, Kirei prepares to take Rin's heart against Shinji's protests. However, Lancer, mortally wounded but still alive, fatally stabs Kirei. Shinji, on the verge of insanity, takes this opportunity to try to rape Rin again, only to be chased off by Lancer, who lightly wounds him. After freeing Rin, he collapses to the ground and laments how he would have liked for Rin to be his Master. Both Rin and Lancer bid farewell to each other, and as Rin leaves, Lancer sets a fire to destroy both himself and Kirei's corpse. Back at the main entrance, Shirō and Emiya continue to battle, with Emiya activating Unlimited Blade Works and slowly gaining the upper hand. As their swords clash, Shirō begins to see Emiya's memories and becomes aware of what his future holds in store for him. With his belief shaken, Shirō is quickly defeated by Emiya and left on the verge of death. As he lies on the ground, Shirō begins to reflect on the memories he gained from Emiya, as well as the memories of Kiritsugu saving him ten years ago. From this, Shirō concludes his ideals are not wrong, and he decides to continue to fight. At that moment, Saber's scabbard Avalon, which Kiritsugu had placed inside Shirō to heal the injuries he sustained from the fire, activates and heals Shirō's wounds. With his confidence in his ideals restored, Shirō prepares to battle Emiya again, with the declaration that he will defeat him.
21
"Answer" May 30, 2015
Shirō and Emiya continue their battle, with Emiya chastising Shirō for continuing to pursue his ideal and declaring that he will remove every trace of him in existence. However, as the battle continues, Emiya begins to realize that Shirō, being himself, will never give up and that it is pointless to defeat him now. Finally, as he explains the beauty he saw in his ideal, Shirō's spirit begins to overwhelm Unlimited Blade Works, and he rushes Emiya. Emiya tries to react, but he becomes distracted by a flashback of Kiritsugu's last moments and is wounded by Shirō, just as Rin arrives. With this, Emiya admits defeat and allows Shirō, Rin, and Saber to escape, before being impaled by three swords fired from Gilgamesh's Noble Phantasm. Declaring his hatred for fakes, Gilgamesh fires more swords at Shirō and Emiya, but Emiya pushes Shirō out of the way and seemingly dies after taking the full blow of the attack. Saber, expressing a familiarity with Gilgamesh, demands to know why he is here, and he explains that after the end of the Fourth Holy Grail War, in which he was an Archer-class Servant, he bathed in the Holy Grail during its destruction at the hands of Saber, also a Servant in that war, and took physical form. He then explains the Holy Grail's true function as a container for thousands of curses, before announcing his intention to take it for himself and use it as a weapon to eradicate the human race, being disgusted by the lifestyle of modern humans and hoping to rule over any potential survivors. He then leaves the villa and later finds Shinji in the forest, learning from him about Kirei's death and the reason behind Rin's escape. When Shinji asks about finding a vessel for the Holy Grail, Gilgamesh implants Illyasviel's heart into him, deeming him a worthy vessel, and leaves him as he begins to mutate into a massive, shapeless form of flesh.
22
"Winter Days, Faraway Home"
"Fuyu no hi, Tooi Ieji" (冬の日、遠い家路) June 6, 2015
Returning to Shirō's home, he, Rin, and Saber all decide to avenge Emiya and stop Gilgamesh by destroying the Holy Grail once and for all. Through the use of familiar spirits, Rin deduces that the Holy Grail is being summoned at Ryuudou Temple. She then explains that Shinji, the only other magus participating in the Holy Grail War, would be the only viable candidate as a substitute vessel, as it was apparent Illysaviel was supposed to turn into the Lesser Grail at the end of the war. While devising a strategy to defeat Gilgamesh, Rin realizes Emiya was the only one able to perfectly counter him, since he had the ability to summon a duplicate of any kind of weapon. She then concludes that Shirō needs to master Unlimited Blade Works so he too can match up against Gilgamesh. Since he doesn't have the sufficient mana to do so, Rin improvises, performing a ritual that implants her Magic Crest into Shirō, thus allowing them to share their mana storage. During the ritual, Shirō inadvertently taps into Rin's memories, including one where Rin once saw Shirō performing the high jump and fell in love with him, which embarrasses her. Afterwards, Shirō finds Saber exploring his house, and she thanks him for showing her the way to her dream. She has him promise that he and Rin will survive the Holy Grail War. Meanwhile, Gilgamesh finishes transporting Shinji to Ryuudou Temple, and summons the Holy Grail.
23
"Incarnation"
"Kengen" (顕現) June 13, 2015
Shirō and Rin plan to breach Ryuudou Temple and rescue Shinji while Saber fights Gilgamesh and destroys the Holy Grail. Saber reveals she can only use her Noble Phantasm, Excalibur, once before fading, since Rin cannot supply her with enough mana due to her sharing it with Shirō. At Ryuudou Temple, Shirō and Rin observe Shinji's mutated form and a torrent of black ooze pouring out from the Holy Grail, pooling around Shinji and forming a lake. They are then confronted by Gilgamesh, who elaborates on his intentions and explains that there are too many people in the modern era without significance or purpose. At the main gate, Saber instead comes across Assassin, who is still guarding the temple despite Caster's death, as it is his anchor to the world. He reveals that he is not actually the fictitious Sasaki Kojirō, but a nameless swordsman similar to him, then expresses a desire to finish his duel with Saber before he fades. As Shirō duels Gilgamesh, the Holy Grail is bombarded by what Gilgamesh claims to be mankind's malevolent wishes. Rin approaches the mass of flesh and manages to remove Shinji from it, causing it to try and use Gilgamesh as a replacement vessel. However, he defends himself with his most powerful Noble Phantasm, a sword called Ea. Meanwhile, Assassin reveals to Saber he is already starting to fade and uses his Noble Phantasm, but Saber reveals Excalibur's blade, dodges his strike, and fatally wounds him.
24
"Unlimited Blade Works: Infinite Creation of Swords"
"Anrimitedo Bureido Waakusu (Mugen no Kensei)" (無限の剣製) June 20, 2015
With Shirō largely incapacitated by Ea's effects, Gilgamesh mocks his ideals. Shirō admits the flaws in his idealism, but reaffirms his dream nonetheless. As Gilgamesh attempts to finish him off, Saber arrives and blocks his attack, but is ordered by Shirō to save Rin. Having an epiphany about the true nature of his powers, Shirō activates Unlimited Blade Works and uses its infinite number of replica swords to counter Gilgamesh's Noble Phantasm. Meanwhile, Saber approaches the Holy Grail and recognizes it as a corrupted, improperly-summoned Servant called Angra Mainyu. She locates Rin, who uses a Command Seal and orders her to destroy the Grail with Excalibur as she is being consumed by Angra Mainyu. When Rin loses hope of surviving, Emiya's voice reprimands her for giving up, and a barrage of swords strikes Angra Mainyu, freeing her. With Rin free and using her final Command Seal to augment her attack, Saber unleashes Excalibur and destroys Angra Mainyu's manifestation and the Holy Grail. As she fades, Saber admits that she would have liked to stay with Rin and Shirō, but accepts that her role is over. Inside Unlimited Blade Works, Shirō begins to overwhelm Gilgamesh, who furiously draws Ea, but Shirō severs his arm and slashes his chest before running out of mana. Gilgamesh, grievously injured but alive, prepares to finish him off, but a portal to the Holy Grail opens and engulfs him. He ensnares Shirō with a chain in order to pull himself out, but Emiya, having survived Gilgamesh's attack, intervenes by shooting a dagger into Gilgamesh's head, fatally wounding him. As he speaks his last words, Gilgamesh is consumed by Angra Mainyu before the portal closes. Rin and Emiya say goodbye as he fades away, with Emiya asking her to look after his past self. Shirō reunites with Rin, and they walk off together as a couple.
25
"Epilogue"
"Epirōgu" (エピローグ) June 27, 2015
Two years after the events of the Fifth Holy Grail War, Shirō and Rin are still dating and living together in an apartment in London while they both study under the Mages Association at the Clock Tower, with Shirō being Rin's apprentice as protection for her. However, he is still struggling with following his ideals without following the same path as Emiya. One day, Rin has a duel with fellow classmate and neighbor, Luviagelita Edelfelt, who repeatedly flirts with an oblivious Shirō, and loses, much to her chagrin. Afterwards, she and Shirō talk about his invitation to officially join the Mages Association, which conflicts with his ideals. One morning, Rin decides to take Shirō to Glastonbury, the final resting place of King Arthur, so he can say goodbye to Saber. During the trip back home, Shirō reminisces about his graduation from his second year of high school. The next day, Shirō encounters Waver Velvet, a survivor of the Fourth Holy Grail War, who questions him about his reasons for coming to the Clock Tower and studying magic after surviving the Holy Grail War. Shirō says he knows it to be stupid, but he wants to dedicate his life to fulfilling his ideal. Waver responds that while his desire is indeed idiotic, it is not something to be laughed at. Later, Shirō returns to the apartment and informs Rin he has turned down the invitation, saying that he cannot change who he is, even if he is destined to meet the same fate as Emiya. Rin responds that the difference between him and Emiya will be how far he goes in following his ideals. She then assures him that she will always be by his side.
In the epilogue, Emiya is shown sitting in Unlimited Blade Works, reconsidering his life and purpose. While he admits his regrets and curses the path he took, he asserts in the end that he was not wrong in his ideals.
OVA
"Sunny Day" October 7, 2015
In an alternate, "good" scenario during the final battle, Rin is able to save Saber from fading away by extending their pact and turning her into her familiar. Having fallen unconscious during the battle, Shirō wakes up back at his home and initially believes Saber to have disappeared. However, he is surprised to see her alive and well in his dojo. Rin enters and congratulates everyone for their victory in the War. While the three are out in the city, Rin explains how she managed to save Saber to Shirō, and adds that they will need to work together to sustain Saber with mana to ensure she stays. Shirō argues that Saber became a Servant in exchange for the Grail and that she should be set free now that it is gone. However, Saber assures him that she is staying out of her own volition because she wanted to stay with him and Rin, and because she wanted to find an answer to her own ideals after Emiya criticized them. Rin then decides to further train Shirō in magic, while Saber trains him in his combat techniques.
Music[edit]
Fate/stay night [Unlimited Blade Works] Original Soundtrack I is composed, arranged and produced by Hideyuki Fukasawa, Yuki Kajiura, and NUMBER 201. Vocals are performed by LiSA for "THIS ILLUSION". The album was first released in Japan on March 25, 2015 by Aniplex, a subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment (Japan), with catalog number ANZX-11636, and was re-released as part of the North American Limited Edition Blu-Ray box set on August 25, 2015 by Aniplex of America with catalog number AOA-6305B-DISC5.[citation needed]
Original Soundtrack I[edit]
Fate/stay night [Unlimited Blade Works] Original Soundtrack I
Soundtrack album by Hideyuki Fukasawa
Released
March 25, 2015
August 25, 2015 North America
Recorded
2015
Genre
Soundtrack
Length
73:25
Label
Sony Music Publishing (Japan) Inc.
Producer
Hideyuki Fukasawa
NUMBER 201 (track 25)
Yuki Kajiura (track 26 & 27)
No.
Title
Length
1. "Unlimited Blade Works" 5:30
2. "Rin:Remembrance～召喚" 2:35
3. "Archer" 3:11
4. "Shirou:赤い記憶～Invocation" 2:01
5. "Face to Face" 1:01
6. "Souls to Fight" 3:39
7. "Storm" 1:18
8. "Vortex of Fate" 4:29
9. "Rin's Melody" 1:04
10. "Daydream" 1:45
11. "A Sword, No Words" 1:52
12. "Purple Shade" 2:19
13. "Into the Battles" 1:26
14. "Arrow" 0:33
15. "Rin:my wish" 1:00
16. "Two Hearts" 1:51
17. "Reason to Kill" 1:25
18. "Fist of desperate～Awakening" 4:27
19. "Dark Glow" 2:53
20. "Unacceptable" 1:56
21. "Rule Breaker" 3:43
22. "Shirou:Nowhere to go" 2:03
23. "Each Choices, Each Steps" 5:39
24. "Far Away from You" 2:11
25. "THIS ILLUSION" (Season 1 Ending Theme. Vocal by LiSA.) 4:04
26. "count it from zero" (Produced by Yuki Kajiura) 4:34
27. "down in the zero" (Produced by Yuki Kajiura) 4:56
Total length: 73:25
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "New Fate/stay night TV Anime is 'Unlimited Blade Works'". Anime News Network. July 27, 2014. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Hulu, Crunchyroll to Stream Fate/stay night Unlimited Blade Works". Anime News Network. September 10, 2014. Retrieved September 10, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Aniplex USA Streams 2 English-subtitles Fate/stay night Remake Trailers". Anime News Network. May 25, 2014. Retrieved May 26, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Anime Expo to Host Fate/Stay Night UBW's Singers, Voice Actress, Staff, English Dub". Anime News Network. June 13, 2015. Retrieved June 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Aniplex USA Details Fate/stay night: UBW, Durarara!!×2 Shō Release Details". Anime News Network. July 2, 2015. Retrieved July 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Fate/stay night UBW Blu-ray Box 2 Adds 10-Minute Short". Anime News Network. August 3, 2015. Retrieved September 26, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Episode". MXTV. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
External links[edit]
Official Japanese website (in Japanese)
Official English website
Fate/stay night: Unlimited Blade Works (anime) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia
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Itai-itai disease
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Itai-itai disease (イタイイタイ病, itai-itai byō, "it hurts-it hurts disease") was the name given to the mass cadmium poisoning of Toyama Prefecture, Japan, starting around 1912. The term "itai-itai disease" was coined by locals[1] for the severe pains (Japanese: 痛い itai) victims felt in the spine and joints. Cadmium poisoning can also cause softening of the bones and kidney failure. The cadmium was released into rivers by mining companies in the mountains, which were successfully sued for the damage. Itai-itai disease is known as one of the Four Big Pollution Diseases of Japan.[2] A similar thing is Onsan illness.
Contents
[hide]
1 Cause
2 Symptoms
3 Legal action
4 Economic costs
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Cause[edit]
Itai-itai disease was caused by cadmium poisoning due to mining in Toyama Prefecture. The earliest records of mining for gold in the area date back to 1710. Regular mining for silver started in 1589, and soon thereafter, mining for lead, copper, and zinc began. Increased demand for raw materials during the Russo-Japanese War and World War I, as well as new mining technologies from Europe, increased the output of the mines, putting the Kamioka Mines in Toyama among the world's top mines. Production increased even more before World War II. Starting in 1910 and continuing through 1945, cadmium was released in significant quantities by mining operations, and the disease first appeared around 1912.[1] Prior to World War II, the mining, controlled by the Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd., increased to satisfy the wartime demand. This subsequently increased the pollution of the Jinzū River and its tributaries. The river was used mainly for irrigation of rice fields, but also for drinking water, washing, fishing, and other uses by downstream populations.[1]
Due to the cadmium poisoning, the fish in the river started to die, and the rice irrigated with river water did not grow well.[citation needed] The cadmium and other heavy metals accumulated at the bottom of the river and in the water of the river. This water was then used to irrigate the rice fields. The rice absorbed heavy metals, especially the cadmium. The cadmium accumulated in the people eating contaminated rice.
When the population complained to Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co. about this pollution, the company built a basin to store the mining waste water before leading it into the river. This proved ineffective, and many had already been sickened. The causes of the poisoning were not well understood and, up to 1946, it was thought to be simply a regional disease or a type of bacterial infection.[1]
Medical tests started in the 1940s and 1950s, searching for the cause of the disease. Initially, it was expected to be lead poisoning due to the lead mining upstream. Only in 1955 did Dr. Hagino and his colleagues suspect cadmium as the cause of the disease.[1] Toyama Prefecture also started an investigation in 1961, determining that the Mitsui Mining and Smelting's Kamioka Mining Station caused the cadmium pollution and that the worst-affected areas were 30 km downstream of the mine. In 1968, the Ministry of Health and Welfare issued a statement about the symptoms of itai-itai disease caused by the cadmium poisoning.[3]
The reduction of the levels of cadmium in the water supply reduced the number of new disease victims; no new victim has been recorded since 1946. While the victims with the worst symptoms came from Toyama prefecture, the government found victims in five other prefectures.
The mines are still in operation and cadmium pollution levels remain high, although improved nutrition and medical care has reduced the occurrence of itai-itai disease.[4]
Symptoms[edit]
One of the main effects of cadmium poisoning is weak and brittle bones. Spinal and leg pain is common, and a waddling gait often develops due to bone deformities caused by the cadmium. The pain eventually becomes debilitating, with fractures becoming more common as the bone weakens. Other complications include coughing, anemia, and kidney failure, leading to death.[4]
A marked prevalence in older, postmenopausal women has been observed. The cause of this phenomenon is not fully understood, and is currently under investigation. Current research has pointed to general malnourishment, as well as poor calcium metabolism relating to the women's age.[4]
Recent animal studies have shown that cadmium poisoning alone is not enough to elicit all of the symptoms of itai-itai disease.[4] These studies are pointing to damage of the mitochondria of kidney cells by cadmium as a key factor of the disease.
Legal action[edit]
Twenty-nine plaintiffs, consisting of 9 victims and 20 family members of victims, sued the Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co. in 1968 in the Toyama Prefectural court. In June 1971, the court found the Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co. guilty. Subsequently, the company appealed to the Nagoya District Court in Kanazawa, but the appeal was rejected in August 1972. The Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co. agreed to pay for the medical care of the victims, finance the monitoring of the water quality performed by the residents, and pay reparations to the victims of the disease.[1]
People who consider themselves victims of itai-itai disease have to contact the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare to have their claims assessed. Many victims were not satisfied with government actions and demanded a change in the official procedures. This caused the government to review the criteria for recognizing a victim legally; the government also reassessed the treatment of the disease.
A person is considered to have itai-itai disease if he or she lived in the contaminated areas, has kidney dysfunctions and softening of the bones, but not related heart problems. One hundred and eighty-four victims have been legally recognized since 1967, of whom 54 were recognized in the period from 1980 to 2000. An additional 388 people have been identified as potential victims, those who had not been officially examined yet.[1] Fifteen victims were still alive as of 1993[update].
Economic costs[edit]
The cadmium pollution had contaminated many agricultural areas. Heavy metal pollution affected many areas in Japan, and as a result the Prevention of Soil Contamination in Agricultural Land Law of 1970 was enacted. It ordered planting to be stopped so that restoration of the soil could be enacted to areas with 1ppm of cadmium or more contamination in the soil. Surveying in Toyama Prefecture began in 1971, and by 1977, 1500 hectares along the Jinzū River were designated for soil restoration. These farmers were compensated for lost crops and for lost production in past years by the Mitsui Mining and Smelting, Toyama Prefecture, and the national government. As of 1992[update], only 400 hectares remained contaminated.[1]
In 1992, the average annual health expense compensation was ¥743 million. Agricultural damage was compensated with ¥1.75 billion per year, or a total of annually ¥2.518 billion. Another ¥620 million were invested annually to reduce further pollution of the river.[1]
On 17 March 2012, officials concluded the cleanup project of the cadmium-polluted areas in the Jinzū River basin. Eight-hundred and sixty-three hectares of topsoil had been replaced since the cleanup began in 1979 at a total cost of ¥40.7 billion. The project had been financed by the Japanese national government, Mitsui Mining, and the Gifu and Toyama prefectural governments.[5]
See also[edit]
Heavy metal poisoning
Onsan illness
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i ICETT Itai-itai disease (1998) http://www.icett.or.jp/lpca_jp.nsf/a21a0d8b94740fbd492567ca000d5879/b30e2e489f4b4ff1492567ca0011ff90?OpenDocument
Jump up ^ Almeida, P; Stearns, L (1998). "Political opportunities and local grassroots environmental movement: The case of Minamata". Social Problems. 45 (1): 37–60. doi:10.1525/sp.1998.45.1.03x0156z.
Jump up ^ Itai-itai disease http://www.kanazawa-med.ac.jp/~pubhealt/cadmium2/itaiitai-e/itai01.html
^ Jump up to: a b c d Hamilton, J. "What is Itai-Itai disease" http://www.accessscience.com/studycenter.aspx?main=9&questionID=4978
Jump up ^ Kyodo News, "Toyama concludes cadmium cleanup", Japan Times, 18 March 2012, p. 2.
External links[edit]
Additional Information on Itai-Itai Disease
What is Itai-itai disease?
Deletion in proximal tubule cell gene causes symptoms of Itai-Itai
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An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture is a dissertation by the English mathematician and scholar Sir Isaac Newton. This was sent in a letter to John Locke on 14 November 1690 and built upon the textual work of Richard Simon and his own research. The text was first published in English in 1754, 27 years after his death. The account claimed to[citation needed] review all the textual evidence available from ancient sources on two disputed Bible passages: 1John 5:7 and 1Timothy 3:16.
Newton describes this letter as "an account of what the reading has been in all ages, and what steps it has been changed, as far as I can hitherto determine by records",[1] and "a criticism concerning a text of Scripture".[2] He blames "the Roman church" for many abuses in the world[1] and accuses it of "pious frauds".[2] He adds that "the more learned and quick-sighted men, as Luther, Erasmus, Bullinger, Grotius, and some others, would not dissemble their knowledge".[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 1 John 5:7
2 1 Timothy 3:16
3 Summary of both passages
4 Historical background
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
1 John 5:7[edit]
See also: Comma Johanneum
In the King James Version Bible, 1 John 5:7 reads:
For there are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one.
Using the writings of the early Church Fathers, the Greek and Latin manuscripts and the testimony of the first versions of the Bible, Newton claims to have demonstrated that the words "in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one," that support the Trinity doctrine, did not appear in the original Greek Scriptures. He then attempts to demonstrate that the purportedly spurious reading crept into the Latin versions, first as a marginal note, and later into the text itself. He noted that "the Æthiopic, Syriac, Arabic, Armenian, and Slavonic versions, still in use in the several Eastern nations, Ethiopia, Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia, Armenia, Muscovy, and some others, are strangers to this reading".[4] He argued[5] that it was first taken into a Greek text in 1515 by Cardinal Ximenes on the strength of a late Greek manuscript 'corrected' from the Latin. Finally, Newton considered the sense and context of the verse, concluding that removing the interpolation makes "the sense plain and natural, and the argument full and strong; but if you insert the testimony of 'the Three in Heaven' you interrupt and spoil it."[6] Today most versions of the Bible are from the Critical Text and omit this verse, or retain it as only a marginal reading.
1 Timothy 3:16[edit]
The shorter portion of Newton's dissertation was concerned with 1 Timothy 3:16, which reads (in the King James Version):
And without controversy great is the mystery of godliness: God was manifest in the flesh, justified in the Spirit, seen of angels, preached unto the Gentiles, believed on in the world, received up into glory.
Newton argued that, by a small alteration in the Greek text, the word "God" was substituted to make the phrase read "God was manifest in the flesh." instead of "which was manifested in the flesh.".[n 1] He attempted to demonstrate that early Church writers in referring to the verse knew nothing of such an alteration.[7]
Summary of both passages[edit]
Newton concludes: "If the ancient churches in debating and deciding the greatest mysteries of religion, knew nothing of these two texts, I understand not, why we should be so fond of them now the debates are over."[8] With minor exceptions, it was only in the nineteenth century that Bible translations appeared changing these passages. Modern versions of the Bible from the Critical Text usually omit the addition to 1 John 5:7, but some place it in a footnote, with a comment indicating that "it is not found in the earliest manuscripts".[9] Modern translations of 1 Timothy 3:16 following the Critical Text now typically replace "God" with "He" or "He who", while the literal Emphasized has "who".[10] A number of papers in the years following responded to Newton, notably John Berriman in 1741, who had seen at least some of Newton's text prior to publication. Later, Frederick Nolan in 1815, Ebenezer Henderson in 1830 and John William Burgon in the Revision Revised in 1883 all contributed substantially to the verse discussion.
Historical background[edit]
Newton did not publish these findings during his lifetime, likely due to the political climate. Those who wrote against the doctrine of the Trinity were subject to persecution in England. The Blasphemy Act 1697 made it an offence to deny one of the persons of the Trinity to be God, punishable with loss of office and employment on the first occasion, further legal ramifications on the second occasion, and imprisonment without hope for bail on the third occasion. Newton's friend William Whiston (translator of the works of Josephus) lost his professorship at Cambridge for this reason in 1711. In 1693 a pamphlet attacking the Trinity was burned by order of the House of Lords, and the next year its printer and author were prosecuted. In 1697 Thomas Aikenhead, an eighteen-year-old student charged with denying the Trinity, was hanged at Edinburgh, Scotland.[11]
The dissertation was published in 1754.[12]
See also[edit]
Isaac Newton's religious views
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Newton only gave in translation the literal texts, "which" (from the Latin) or "who" (from some Greek mss). "These ancient Latins all cite the text after this manner, Great is the mystery of Godliness, which was manifested in the flesh" p. 231 In quoting Cyril of Alexandria Newton translates, "Ye err," saith he, "not knowing the Scriptures, nor the great mystery of godliness, that is Christ; who was manifested in the flesh, justified in the spirit." p.238. and "Moreover," saith he, "in my opinion, that mystery of godliness is nothing else than he who came to us from God the Father ; the Word, who was manifested in the flesh." p.239. Newton contends that the original Greek was or ὅ (which), changed to ὃς (who) and then to θεός (God) (see p. 230 and p. 232 "Chrysostom, I am satisfied that he read ὅ", p.234 Nestorius, p.237 John Cassian, and pp. 252–253 "it is more reasonable to lay the fault on the Greeks... in the Greek the sense was obscure; in the versions clear" .) Two Notable Corruptions About this from Newton, John Burgon commented "Over this latter reading, however, we need not linger; seeing that ὅ does not find a single patron at the present day. And yet, this was the reading which was eagerly upheld during the last century: Wetstein and Sir Isaac Newton being its most strenuous advocates." Revision Revised, p.100
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b An Historical Account, p. 1
^ Jump up to: a b An Historical Account, p. 2
Jump up ^ An Historical Account, pp. 1–2
Jump up ^ An Historical Account, p. 25
Jump up ^ An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture, p. 32
Jump up ^ An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture, p. 55
Jump up ^ In 1731 Johann Jakob Wettstein turned his attention to this passage.
Jump up ^ An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture. p. 88
Jump up ^ Biblegateway.
Jump up ^ Biblegateway
Jump up ^ The Watchtower April 15, 1977 page 245 paragraph 5
Jump up ^ John Locke Manuscripts – Chronological Listing: 1690
Further reading[edit]
John Berriman Theos ephanerōthē en sarki (romanized form) or A critical dissertation upon 1 Tim. iii. 16: wherein rules are laid down to distinguish in various readings which is genuine : an account is given of above a hundred Greek manuscripts of St. Paul's Epistles (many of them not heretofore collated) : the writings of the Greek and Latin Fathers and the ancient versions are examin'd and the common reading of that text, God was manifest in the flesh, is prov'd to be the true one : being the substance of eight sermons preach'd at the Lady Moyer's lecture in the Cathedral Church of St. Paul, London, in the years 1737 and 1738
The History of the Works of the Learned 1741 p. 29–144 (A very readable review of the John Berriman book that goes chapter by chapter.)
Ebenezer Henderson The Great Mystery of Godliness Incontrovertible; or, Sir Isaac Newton and the Socinians foiled in the attempt to prove a corruption in the text, 1 Tim. III. 16, [theòs ephanerōthē en sarki]: containing a review of the charges brought against the passage; an examination of the various readings; and a confirmation of that in the received text on principles of general and biblical criticism , 1830
John William Burgon Revision Revised "GOD was manifested in the flesh" Shown to be the true reading of 1 Timothy III.16 A Dissertation, 1883 p. 424–501
External links[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture
An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture: in A Letter To A Friend, Google Books (digitised from Ghent University's copy of John Green's 1841 printing of the 1785 publication by Samuel Horsley)
Various drafts and copies of the Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture and related material, The Newton Project
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The Queries (1704)
Arithmetica Universalis (1707)
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An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture (1754)
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Cultural depictions
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values: وصف تاريخي لتحريفين مهمين للكتاب المقدس – Arabic

values: An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture – French

values: Историческое прослеживание двух заметных искажений Священного Писания – Russian

values: An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture – Finnish

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