text:
Electronic Fund Transfer Act
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Electronic Fund Transfer Act
Other short titles
Financial Institutions Regulatory and Interest Rate Control Act of 1978
Change in Bank Control Act
Change in Savings and Loan Control Act
Depository Institution Management Interlocks Act
Export-Import Bank Act Amendments
Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council Act
National Credit Union Central Liquidity Facility Act
Right to Financial Privacy Act
Long title
An Act to extend the authority for the flexible regulation of interest rates on deposits and accounts in depository institutions.
Nicknames
American Arts Gold Medallion Act
Enacted by
the 95th United States Congress
Effective
November 10, 1978
Citations
Public law
95-630
Statutes at Large
92 Stat. 3641 aka 92 Stat. 3728
Codification
Titles amended
12 U.S.C.: Banks and Banking
15 U.S.C.: Commerce and Trade
U.S.C. sections amended
12 U.S.C. ch. 3 § 226 et seq.
15 U.S.C. ch. 41 § 1601 et seq.
15 U.S.C. ch. 41 § 1693 et seq.
Legislative history
Introduced in the House as H.R. 14279 by Fernand St. Germain (D-RI) on October 10, 1978
Committee consideration by House Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs, Senate Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
Passed the House on October 11, 1978 (passed)
Passed the Senate on October 12, 1978 (passed) with amendment
House agreed to Senate amendment on October 14, 1978 (341-32, in lieu of H.Res. 1439) with further amendment
Senate agreed to House amendment on October 14, 1978 (agreed)
Signed into law by President Jimmy Carter on November 10, 1978
Major amendments
Credit CARD Act of 2009
The Electronic Fund Transfer Act was passed by the U.S. Congress in 1978 and signed by President Jimmy Carter, to establish the rights and liabilities of consumers as well as the responsibilities of all participants in electronic funds transfer activities.[1]
The act was implemented in Federal Reserve Board Regulation E.
Contents
[hide]
1 Rights of consumers
2 Financial institution liability
3 Limit to customer liability on loss or theft of card
4 EFT Errors
5 What the EFT Act Covers
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
Rights of consumers[edit]
The EFT Act recognizes their right to nominate the financial institution to which such payments are to be made.[2]
The EFT Act also prohibits a creditor or lender from requiring a consumer to repay a loan or other credit by electronic fund transfer, except when there is an overdraft on checking plans.[3]
Financial institution liability[edit]
The financial institution must give the customer notice of their liability in case the card is lost or stolen. This must include a phone number for reporting the loss and a description of its error resolution process.[2]
Limit to customer liability on loss or theft of card[edit]
If a customer reports to the financial institution that their card is missing before any transactions takes place, they are not held responsible for any transaction that takes place after the report of a missing/stolen card.
A customer can be liable for unauthorized withdrawals if their card is lost or stolen and they do not follow certain criteria:
Loss is limited to $50 if institution is notified within two business days
Loss could be up to $500 if institution is notified between 3 and 59 days
If loss is not reported within 60 business days customer risks unlimited loss on transfers made after the 60-day period – could lose all money in account plus maximum over draft if any[2]
EFT Errors[edit]
EFT is not a perfect system; therefore customers should still be diligent in reviewing their EFT statements for possible errors as they would with any other type of transaction. Should a customer notice that there has been an error in an electronic fund transfer relating to their account certain steps must be taken:
Under the Act, the customer must:
Write or call the financial institution immediately if possible
Must be no later than 60 days from the date of erroneous statement
Give their name and account number
Explain why they believe there is an error, the type, dollar amount and date
May be required to send details of the error in writing within 10 business days[2]
Under the Act, the financial institution must:
Promptly investigate the error and resolve it within 45 days
Errors involving new accounts (opened last 30 days), POS transactions, and foreign transactions may take up to 90 days
If it takes more than 10 business days to complete the investigation:
Must recredit the amount in question
For new accounts may take up to 20 business days to recredit the account
Must notify customer of the results of investigation:
If there was error – correct it or make recredit final
If no error – explanation in writing, notify customer of deducted recredit
Customer has the right to ask for copies of any documents relied on in the investigation[2]
What the EFT Act Covers[edit]
The EFT Act does not apply to all preauthorized plans. The EFT Act does not apply to automatic transfers from any account held in the name of the institution the consumer uses to the account the consumer uses.
An example of this would be where the EFT Act would not apply to any automatic payments put towards a mortgage held by the financial institution where a consumer would hold their electronic funds account.
The EFT Act would also not apply to automatic transfers among a consumer’s account at a specific financial institution.
The EFT Act also does not cover all transfers. Some banks, other financial institutions, and vendors will produce cards with a cash value imprinted into the card itself
Examples of these include public transit passes, store gift cards, and prepaid telephone cards. These cards may not be covered by the EFT Act.
When using electronic funds transfer, the Act does not give the consumer the right to stop payment.
State law or any contract that imposes a lower liability limit than those mentioned in the “Loss or Theft: Customer Liability” will be preempted (overridden) by the federal EFT Act unless the state law provides protections that are greater than that provided under Federal law. (See Section 919 of the Act).
See also[edit]
Electronic funds transfer
References[edit]
Jump up ^ [1]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Electronic Fund Transfers". Consumer Handbook to Credit Protection Laws. US Federal Reserve. Archived from the original on August 30, 2009. Retrieved 2009-09-01.
Jump up ^ "Consumer Information". Consumer Information.
Further reading[edit]
The Federal Reserve Board. (2001). Consumer Handbook to Credit Protection Laws: Electronic Fund Transfers. Retrieved June 26, 2006
Federal Trade Commission. (2003). Electronic Banking. Retrieved June 26, 2006
Lloyd, Crystal T. (n.d.). Electronic funds transfer act. Retrieved June 1, 2006
Regulation E at www.bankersonline.com
Regulation E at FDIC
W., C. H. (Oct 1983). "Overcoming the obstacles to implementation of point-of-sale electronic fund transfer systems: EFTA and the new uniform payments code". Virginia Law Review. Virginia Law Review. 69 (7): 1351–1379. doi:10.2307/1072866. JSTOR 1072866.
Brown, Tom; Plache, Lacey (Winter 2006). "Paying with plastic: maybe not so crazy". The University of Chicago Law Review. The University of Chicago Law Review. 73 (1): 63–86. JSTOR 4495544.
[hide]
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Bank regulation in the United States
Federal authorities
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
Farm Credit Administration
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
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Financial Stability Oversight Council
National Credit Union Administration
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
Major federal legislation
Independent Treasury Act
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McFadden Act
1933 Banking Act
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Senate of the Philippines
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Senate of the Philippines
Senado ng Pilipinas
17th Congress of the Philippines
Seal of the Philippine Senate
Flag of the Philippine Senate
Type
Type
Upper house of the Congress of the Philippines
Term limits
2 consecutive terms (12 years)
History
Founded
October 16, 1916 (1916-10-16)
Preceded by
Second Philippine Commission
Leadership
President of the Senate of the Philippines
Aquilino Pimentel III (PDP–Laban)
Since July 25, 2016[1]
President pro tempore
Ralph Recto (Liberal)
Since February 27, 2017[2]
Majority Leader
Tito Sotto (NPC)
Since July 25, 2016[1]
Minority Leader
Franklin Drilon (Liberal)
Since February 28, 2017[3]
Structure
Seats
24 senators
Political groups
Majority bloc (17):
PDP-Laban (3)
NPC (3)
Liberal (2)
UNA (2)
LDP (1)
Nacionalista (1)
PMP (1)
Independent (4)
Minority bloc (6):
Liberal (4)
Akbayan (1)
Nacionalista (1)
Other:
Vacant (1)
Committees
40 standing committees
Length of term
6 years, renewable
Authority
Article VI, Constitution of the Philippines
Elections
Voting system
Plurality-at-large voting
Last election
May 9, 2016
Next election
May 13, 2019
Meeting place
GSIS Building, Financial Center, Macapagal Boulevard, Pasay
Website
Senate of the Philippines
Philippines
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
the Philippines
Constitution[show]
Charter Change
Laws and legal codes
Legislature[show]
Congress
Senate
Senate President Aquilino Pimentel III
House of Representatives
Speaker Pantaleon Alvarez
Districts
Party-list representation
Local legislatures
ARMM Regional Legislative Assembly
Provinces
Cities
Municipalities
Barangays
Executive[show]
President of the Philippines
Rodrigo Duterte
Vice President of the Philippines
Leni Robredo
Cabinet
Executive departments
Local government
Judiciary[show]
Supreme Court
Chief Justice Maria Lourdes Sereno
Court of Appeals
Court of Tax Appeals
Sandiganbayan
Ombudsman
Regional Trial Courts
Barangay justice
Constitutional commissions[show]
Civil Service Commission
Commission on Elections
Commission on Audit
Commission on Human Rights
Elections[show]
Recent elections
General: 2007
2010
2013
2016
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Lakas
Liberal
Nacionalista
NPC
NUP
PDP–Laban
UNA
Administrative divisions[show]
Capital
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v
t
e
The Senate of the Philippines (Filipino: Senado ng Pilipinas, also Mataas na Kapulungan ng Pilipinas or "upper chamber") is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of the Philippines, the Congress; the House of Representatives is the lower house. The Senate is composed of 24 senators who are elected at-large with the country as one district under plurality-at-large voting.
Senators serve six-year terms with a maximum of two consecutive terms, with half of the senators elected every three years to ensure that the Senate is maintained as a continuous body, though staggered. When the Senate was restored by the 1987 Constitution, the 24 senators who were elected in 1987 served until 1992. In 1992 the 12 candidates for the Senate obtaining the highest number of votes served until 1998, while the next 12 served until 1995. Thereafter, each senator elected serves the full six years.
Aside from having its concurrence on every bill in order to be passed for the president's signature to become a law, the Senate is the only body that can concur with treaties, and can try impeachment cases. The Senate Presidency is currently held by Aquilino Pimentel III.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Composition
3 Qualifications
4 Organization
5 Powers
6 Current members
6.1 Party and bloc composition
7 Seat
8 Prominent Senators
8.1 Presidents
8.2 Others
9 References
10 External links
History[edit]
Joint session of Philippine Legislature including the newly elected Senate, November 15, 1916
The post–World War II Philippine Senate in 1951: Cipriano P. Primicias, Sr., far left, debates Quintín Paredes, far right. In the middle are Justiniano Montano, Mariano Jesús Cuenco, Enrique B. Magalona, and Francisco Delgado; in the foreground is Edmundo Cea. Deliberations were once held at the Old Legislative Building.
The Senate has its roots in the Philippine Commission of the Insular Government. Under the Philippine Organic Act, from 1907 to 1916, the Philippine Commission headed by the Governor-General of the Philippines served as the upper chamber of the Philippine Legislature, with the Philippine Assembly as the elected lower house. At the same time the governor-general also exercised executive powers.
On August 29, 1916 the United States Congress enacted the Philippine Autonomy Act or popularly known as the "Jones Law", which created an elected bicameral Philippine Legislature with the Senate as the upper chamber and with the House of Representatives of the Philippines, previously called the Philippine Assembly, as the lower chamber. The Governor-General continued to be the head of the executive branch of the Insular Government. Senators then were elected via senatorial districts via plurality-at-large voting; each district grouped several provinces and each elected two senators except for "non-Christian" provinces where the Governor-General of the Philippines appointed the senators for the district.
Future president Manuel L. Quezon, who was then Philippine Resident Commissioner, encouraged future president Sergio Osmeña, then Speaker of the House, to run for the leadership of the Senate, but Osmeña preferred to continue leading the lower house. Quezon then ran for the Senate and became Senate President serving for 19 years (1916–1935).
This setup continued until 1935, when the Philippine Independence Act or the "Tydings–McDuffie Act" was passed by the U.S. Congress which granted the Filipinos the right to frame their own constitution in preparation for their independence, wherein they established a unicameral National Assembly of the Philippines, effectively abolishing the Senate. Not long after the adoption of the 1935 Constitution several amendments began to be proposed. By 1938, the National Assembly began consideration of these proposals, which included restoring the Senate as the upper chamber of Congress. The amendment of the 1935 Constitution to have a bicameral legislature was approved in 1940 and the first biennial elections for the restored upper house was held in November 1941. Instead of the old senatorial districts, senators were elected via the entire country serving as an at-large district, although still under plurality-at-large voting, with voters voting up to eight candidates, and the eight candidates with the highest number of votes being elected. While the Senate from 1916 to 1935 had exclusive confirmation rights over executive appointments, as part of the compromises that restored the Senate in 1941, the power of confirming executive appointments has been exercised by a joint Commission on Appointments composed of members of both houses. However, the Senate since its restoration and the independence of the Philippines in 1946 has the power to ratify treaties.
The Senate finally convened in 1945 and served as the upper chamber of Congress from thereon until the declaration of martial law by President Ferdinand Marcos in 1972, which shut down Congress. The Senate was resurrected in 1987 upon the ratification of the 1987 Constitution. However, instead of eight senators being replaced after every election, it was changed to twelve.
In the Senate, the officers are the Senate President, Senate President pro tempore, Majority Floor Leader, Minority Floor Leader and the Senate Secretary and the Senate Sergeant at Arms who shall be elected by the Senators from among the employees and staff of the Senate. Meanwhile, the Senate President, Senate President pro-tempore, the Majority Floor Leader and the Minority Floor Leader shall be elected by the Senators from among themselves.
Composition[edit]
See also: Philippine senatorial elections
Election results from 1916 to the present. Note that some senators may switch to another party mid-term.
Article VI, Section 2 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution provides that the Senate shall be composed of 24 senators who shall be elected at-large by the qualified voters of the Philippines, as may be provided by law.
The composition of the Senate is smaller in number as compared to the House of Representatives. The members of this chamber are elected at large by the entire electorate. The rationale for this rule intends to make the Senate a training ground for national leaders and possibly a springboard for the presidency.
It follows also that the Senator, having a national rather than only a district constituency, will have a broader outlook of the problems of the country, instead of being restricted by narrow viewpoints and interests. With such perspective, the Senate is likely to be more circumspect, or at least less impulsive, than the House of Representatives.
Senatorial candidates are chosen by the leaders of major political parties or coalitions of parties. The selection process is not transparent and is done in "backrooms" where much political horse-trading occurs. Thus, the absence of regional or proportional representation in the Senate exacerbates a top heavy system of governance, with power centralized in Metro Manila. It has often been suggested that each region of the country should elect its own senator(s) to more properly represent the people. This will have the effect of flattening the power structure. Regional problems and concerns within a national view can be addressed more effectively. A senator's performance, accountability, and electability become meaningful to a more defined and identifiable regional constituency.
The Senate Electoral Tribunal (SET) composed of three Supreme Court justices and six senators determines election protests on already-seated senators. There had been three instances where the SET has replaced senators due to election protests, the last of which was in 2011 when the tribunal awarded the protest of Aquilino Pimentel III against Juan Miguel Zubiri.[4]
Qualifications[edit]
The qualifications for membership in the Senate are expressly stated in Section 3, Art. VI of the 1987 Philippine Constitution as follows:
No person shall be a Senator unless he is a natural-born citizen of the Philippines, and on the day of the election, is at least 35 years of age, able to read and write, a registered voter, and a resident of the Philippines for not less than two years immediately preceding the day of the election.
The age is fixed at 35 and must be possessed on the day of the elections, that is, when the polls are opened and the votes cast, and not on the day of the proclamation of the winners by the board of canvassers.
With regard to the residence requirements, it was ruled in the case of Lim v. Pelaez that it must be the place where one habitually resides and to which he, after absence, has the intention of returning.
The enumeration laid down by the 1987 Philippine Constitution is exclusive under the Latin principle of expressio unius est exclusio alterius. This means that Congress cannot anymore add additional qualifications other than those provided by the 1987 Philippine Constitution.
Organization[edit]
Under the Constitution, "Congress shall convene once every year on the fourth Monday of July for its regular session...". During this time, the Senate is organized to elect its officers. Specifically, the 1987 Philippine Constitution provides a definite statement, to it:
The Senate shall elect its President and the House of Representatives its Speaker by a vote of all its respective members.
Each House shall choose such other officers as it may deem necessary.
By virtue of these provisions of the 1987 Philippine Constitution, the Senate adopts its own rules, otherwise known as the "Rules of the Senate." The Rules of the Senate provide the following officers: a President, a President pro tempore, a Secretary and a Sergeant-at-Arms.
Following this set of officers, the Senate as an institution can then be grouped into the Senate Proper and the Secretariat. The former belongs exclusively to the members of the Senate as well as its committees, while the latter renders support services to the members of the Senate.
Powers[edit]
The Senate was modeled upon the United States Senate; the two chambers of Congress have roughly equal powers, and every bill or resolution that has to go through both houses needs the consent of both chambers before being passed for the president's signature. Once a bill is defeated in the Senate, it is lost. Once a bill is approved by the Senate on third reading, the bill is passed to the House of Representatives, unless an identical bill has also been passed by the lower house. When a counterpart bill in the lower house is different from the one passed by the Senate, either a bicameral conference committee is created consisting of members from both chambers of Congress to reconcile the differences, or either chamber may instead approve the other chamber's version.
While money bills originate in the House of Representatives, the Senate may still propose or concur with amendments. Only the Senate has the power to approve, via a two-thirds supermajority, or denounce treaties, and the power to try and convict, via a two-thirds supermajority, an impeached official.
Current members[edit]
Senator[5]
Party
Terms
Number
Starts
Ends
Angara, SonnySonny Angara LDP 1 June 30, 2013 June 30, 2019
Aquino, BamBam Aquino Liberal 1
Binay, NancyNancy Binay UNA 1
Ejercito, JVJV Ejercito PMP 1
Escudero, FrancisFrancis Escudero Independent 2
Honasan, GregorioGregorio Honasan UNA 2
Legarda, LorenLoren Legarda NPC 2
Pimentel III, AquilinoAquilino Pimentel III PDP–Laban 2
Poe, GraceGrace Poe Independent 1
Trillanes, AntonioAntonio Trillanes Nacionalista 2
Villar, CynthiaCynthia Villar Nacionalista 1
Drilon, FranklinFranklin Drilon Liberal 2 June 30, 2016 June 30, 2022
Villanueva, JoelJoel Villanueva Liberal 1
Sotto, TitoTito Sotto NPC 2
Lacson, PanfiloPanfilo Lacson Independent 1
J. Gordon, RichardRichard J. Gordon Independent 1
Zubiri, Juan MiguelJuan Miguel Zubiri PDP–Laban[6] 1
Pacquiao, MannyManny Pacquiao PDP–Laban 1
Pangilinan, FrancisFrancis Pangilinan Liberal 1
Hontiveros, RisaRisa Hontiveros Akbayan 1
Gatchalian, WinWin Gatchalian NPC 1
Recto, RalphRalph Recto Liberal 2
de Lima, LeilaLeila de Lima Liberal 1
Party and bloc composition[edit]
Per party
Party
Total
%
Liberal 6 25.00%
PDP-Laban 4 16.67%
NPC 3 12.50%
UNA 2 8.33%
Nacionalista 2 8.33%
Akbayan 1 4.17%
LDP 1 4.17%
PMP 1 4.17%
Independent 4 16.67%
Vacant 1 4.17%
Total
23
95.83%
Per party
Bloc
Total
%
Majority bloc 17 70.83%
Minority bloc 6 25.00%
Total
23
95.83%
Seat[edit]
The GSIS Building in Pasay, the seat of the Senate.
The Senate currently meets at the GSIS Building along Sen. J.W. Diokno Boulevard in Pasay City. Built on land reclaimed from Manila Bay, the Senate shares the complex with the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS).
The Senate previously met at the Old Legislative Building in Manila until May 1997. The Senate occupied the upper floors (the Session Hall now restored to its semi-former glory) while the House of Representatives occupied the lower floors (now occupied by the permanent exhibit of Juan Luna's Spoliarium as the museum's centerpiece), with the National Library at the basement. When the Legislative Building was ruined in World War II, the House of Representatives temporarily met at the Old Japanese Schoolhouse at Lepanto[7] (modern-day S. H. Loyola) Street, while the Senate's temporary headquarters was at the half-ruined Manila City Hall.[8] Congress then returned to the Legislative Building in 1950 upon its reconstruction. When President Ferdinand Marcos dissolved Congress in 1972, he built a new legislative complex in Quezon City. The unicameral parliament known as the Batasang Pambansa eventually met there in 1978. With the restoration of the bicameral legislature in 1987, the House of Representatives inherited the complex at Quezon City, now called the Batasang Pambansa Complex, while the Senate returned to the Congress Building, until the GSIS Building was finished in May 1997. Thus, the country's two houses of Congress meet at different places in Metro Manila.
The Senate would eventually move to Bonifacio Global City in Taguig by 2020. As the Senate is renting GSIS for the office space, it asked the Bases Conversion and Development Authority (BCDA) to present suitable sites for it to move to, with the Senate eyeing the Navy Village property along Lawton Avenue as its favored site.[9]
Prominent Senators[edit]
See also: List of Senators of the Philippines
Presidents[edit]
Manuel L. Quezon, 2nd President (First President during Commonwealth). Also the first Senate President who lobbied for a nationally elected senate that was established in 1940.
José P. Laurel, 3rd President (Japanese-Sponsored Republic)
Sergio Osmeña, 4th President
Manuel Roxas, 5th President
Elpidio Quirino, 6th President
Carlos P. Garcia, 8th President
Ferdinand E. Marcos 10th President
Joseph Ejercito Estrada, 13th President
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, 14th President
Benigno S. Aquino III, 15th President
Rodrigo Duterte, 16th President
Others[edit]
Benigno S. Aquino Jr., Marcos-era opposition leader, husband of the 11th President Corazon C. Aquino and father of the former President Benigno S. Aquino III
Alan Peter Cayetano, incumbent Secretary of Foreign Affairs
Noli de Castro, the 12th Vice President of the Philippines
Miriam Defensor Santiago, former International Criminal Court judge, Ramon Magsaysay Award recipient, member of the International Development Law Organization International Advisory Council and former presidential candidate[10][11]
Jose W. Diokno, Marcos-era opposition leader, nationalist, former Secretary of Justice, Bar topnotcher, founder of the Free Legal Assistance Group
Teofisto Guingona, Jr., the 11th Vice President of the Philippines and former Secretary of Foreign Affairs
Eva Estrada Kalaw, the first woman to be re-elected senator.
Raul Manglapus, former Secretary of Foreign Affairs and a former presidential candidate
Blas Ople, former Director-General of the International Labour Organization (ILO) and former Secretary of Foreign Affairs
Cipriano P. Primicias, Sr., statesman, Majority Floor Leader and Member of The Council of State, 1953–1963
Gil J. Puyat, statesman, Senate President (1967–1972)
Claro M. Recto, statesman
Manny Pacquiao, professional boxer
Raul Roco, former senator and the Secretary of the Department of Education
Jovito Salonga, Three-time top elected senator, Marcos-era opposition leader, former Chairman of the Presidential Commission on Good Governance (PCGG)
Lorenzo Tañada, statesman and Marcos-era opposition supporter
Arturo Tolentino, briefly held the position of Vice President of the Philippines in 1986
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Elemia, Camille (8 June 2016). "Koko Pimentel will be next Senate president – Drilon". Rappler. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Senate ousts Drilon, LP senators from key posts". Rappler. 27 February 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "Drilon gets Senate minority leader post". Sun.Star. 28 February 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
Jump up ^ Calonzo, Andero (August 11, 2011). "Pimentel proclaimed 12th winning senator in '07 polls". GMA News Online. Retrieved August 11, 2011.
Jump up ^ Viray, Patricia Lourdes (19 May 2016). "Comelec proclaims Senate 'Magic 12'". The Philippine Star. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Ramos-Araneta, Macon (2017-09-30). "Zubiri hits Trillanes' threat". The Manila Standard Today. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Quezon Memorial Book. Quezon Memorial Committee. 1952.
Jump up ^ Towards the south side, opposite the base of the famous clocktower. [1] & [2]
Jump up ^ "Senate to move to Bonifacio Global City in Taguig by 2020 - The Manila Times Online". www.manilatimes.net. 2017-01-25. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago". Senate.
Jump up ^ "Miriam joins Bill Gates elite law group". Philstar.
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<16th Senators of the 17th Congress of the Philippines (2016-2019) 18th>
Senate President
Koko Pimentel
Senior Senators (2013-2019) Junior Senators (2016-2022)
Sonny Angara
Bam Aquino
Nancy Binay
JV Ejercito Estrada
Chiz Escudero
Gringo Honasan
Loren Legarda
Koko Pimentel
Grace Poe
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Ping Lacson
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Term ends June 30, 2019 Term ends June 30, 2022
# —Vacant due to the appointment and confirmation of Alan Peter Cayetano as Secretary of Foreign Affairs on May 17, 2017.
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