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Gambling in New Jersey
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Uptown section of Atlantic City, showing Showboat and The Taj Mahal casino (which closed in 2016)
Gambling in New Jersey includes casino gambling in Atlantic City, the New Jersey Lottery, horse racing, off-track betting, charity gambling, amusement games, and social gambling. New Jersey's gambling laws are among the least restrictive in the United States; legal, in-state online gambling was instituted in New Jersey in November 2013, and the state is challenging Nevada's grandfathered federal statutory monopoly on legal sports betting.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Early era
1.2 Expansion of gambling
1.3 Sports betting
1.4 Online gambling
1.5 Expansion of casino gambling outside Atlantic City
2 Casino gambling
2.1 Current casinos
2.2 Renamed casinos
2.3 Closed casinos
2.4 Cancelled casinos
2.5 Online Casinos
3 New Jersey Lottery
3.1 Current games
3.2 Former games
4 Horse racing & off-track betting
4.1 Current racetracks
4.2 Current off-track betting halls
4.3 Former racetracks
5 Charity, amusement, and social gambling
6 Illegal gambling
7 Minimum age
8 See also
9 References
History[edit]
Early era[edit]
Early New Jersey lottery ticket, used to help finance the construction of Queen's College (now Rutgers University) in New Brunswick.
Gambling has a long legacy in New Jersey, with the state historically being more permissive of gambling than most other states. Until they were banned in 1844, lotteries were common in New Jersey. They were used to help pay for the military during the French and Indian War and American Revolution, and help finance the construction of Queen's College (now Rutgers University) and the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University).[1][2]
Freehold Raceway is the oldest racetrack in the United States, with horse racing having taken place there informally since the 1830s. The Monmouth County Agricultural Society was formed on December 17, 1853, and in 1854 they began holding an annual fair with harness racing at Freehold Raceway[3][4] Monmouth Park Racetrack opened in 1870. In 1894, the New Jersey Legislature banned parimutuel gambling,[5] and in 1897 the voters of New Jersey approved a referendum which amended the state constitution to ban all gambling (or possibly all commercial gambling).[6]
Expansion of gambling[edit]
From 1894 to 1939, all gambling was theoretically outlawed in New Jersey, but enforcement was spotty, and it is not clear whether social gambling was prohibited. Bookmaking, numbers games, and slot machines were common through the state, many churches and other non-profit organizations openly held bingos, and Freehold Raceway operated without interruption.[7] Racetrack gambling was re-legalized in 1939. In 1953, voters approved a referendum to officially allow non-profit organizations to have bingo and raffles. In 1959, amusement games were re-legalized after a 1957 court decision had declared them to be a form of illegal gambling.[8] In 1970, 81.5% of New Jersey voted in favor of a referendum creating the New Jersey Lottery,[1] and in 1975, New Jersey initiated the Pick-It (later renamed the Pick-3), the first legal lottery game in the United States where buyers could pick their own numbers.[9]
In 1974, New Jersey voters voted against legalizing casino gambling statewide, but two years later approved a new referendum which legalized casinos, but restricted them to Atlantic City.[10][11] At that time, Nevada was the only state with legal casino gambling. Resorts Atlantic City was the first casino to open in 1978.[12] As part of the state's budget showdown in 2006, gambling in Atlantic City's casinos and at racetracks in the state were forced to close after it was determined that the official monitors from the New Jersey Casino Control Commission were essential and New Jersey law stated that gambling establishments could not legally operate without state oversight. The closures cost the state an estimated $1.3 million in casino revenues in addition to the loss of state taxes collected on casino employee wages.[13]
Sports betting[edit]
In January 2012, New Jersey Governor Chris Christie signed legislation allowing sports betting in New Jersey after it was approved by a 2-to-1 margin in a voter referendum held in November 2011.[14] The law permits any of the state's 12 casinos and 4 racetracks to offer gambling on professional and college sports, but prohibits them from accepting bets on college events played in New Jersey, or out-of-state games involving New Jersey college teams.[15] The New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement subsequently issued regulations for sports betting.[16]
The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), the National Hockey League, and Major League Baseball filed a federal lawsuit against New Jersey to prevent sports betting, based on the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992 which banned sports betting in all but four states.[17] In February 2013, United States District Court judge Michael A. Shipp ruled in favor of the athletic leagues, and barred New Jersey from issuing sports betting licenses. The court ruled that under the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution, the regulation of gambling and the granting of a grandfather clause to four states is within Congress's power.[18][19] In September 2013, a three-judge panel from the 3rd Circuit Court of Appeals voted 2-1 to uphold Shipp's decision.[20][21][needs update] Christie said he will appeal the case to the United States Supreme Court.[22]
On June 27, 2017, the Supreme Court agreed to hear Christie v. NCAA.[23] The Supreme Court will likely hear oral arguments in the fall of 2017, with a decision in 2018.
Online gambling[edit]
In January 2011, the New Jersey Legislature passed a bill sponsored by Raymond Lesniak to allow online gambling by New Jersey residents over the age of 21.[24][25] Because the state constitution only allows casino gambling in Atlantic City,[26] the legislation specified that the computer servers operating the online gambling websites must be located at licensed casinos in Atlantic City.[24] The Lesniak bill evaded possible federal prohibitions against online gambling by authorizing the Casino Control Commission to create regulations to ensure that the bets were placed from inside New Jersey.[24][27] However, Governor Chris Christie vetoed the legislation because of concerns that "allowing customers to bet through any computer terminal left open the chance of commercial businesses such as nightclubs and cafes becoming gambling hubs around the state", and "the bill further created a legal fiction that a bet placed anywhere in New Jersey counted as an Atlantic City bet."[28]
In December 2011, the United States Justice Department issued a legal opinion that the Federal Wire Act only prohibited online sports betting, and not online casino games.[29] John Wefing, a constitutional scholar at Seton Hall Law School, told a state Assembly committee that he did not believe that a constitutional amendment was needed to authorize online gambling because "any online poker bet would not be completed until a server in Atlantic City accepted the wager,"[30] and "wagers are contracts, and the law recognizes that contracts occur where the final action needed to take place occurs."[31] However, State Senator Jennifer Beck has stated that online gambling cannot be legalized with the approval of New Jersey voters,[32] and several federal courts decisions have said that an online bet occurs in both the location of the website, and the location of the gambler.[33][34]
To address Christie's concerns, new legislation was drafted that prohibits businesses other than Atlantic City casinos from advertising online gambling, or allowing their facilities to be used for online gambling.[35][36] On February 26, 2013, a revised bill permitting Internet gambling was overwhelming approved by the New Jersey Legislature, and then signed into law by Chris Christie.[37] The law legalizes online casino gambling for a 10-year trial period, restricts the operation of the websites to Atlantic City's eleven casinos, and imposes a 15% tax on online gambling revenue, instead of the 8% currently imposed on casinos.[38][clarification needed]
The act requires that the gambler be at least 21 years old and play from a computer in New Jersey. The gambler's location will likely be verified through a global positioning system (GPS), and the bill allows interstate compacts to be signed in future in order to authorize multistate gambling.[38] Comps will be available, but will need to be redeemed by visiting the casino.[39] Macquarie Capital estimates that online gambling will provide Atlantic City's casino with $260 to $400 million in additional revenue per year.[40] The Casino Control Commission will create regulations for online gambling. It is unclear when online gambling licenses will be issued, or if there will be any legal challenges to the new law.[37]
Online casinos opened for business via a synchronized launch on November 21, 2013.[41] At launch, game options were limited, but by 2017, twelve separate online casino brands offered many hundreds of games including a wide variety that have been brought over from the traditional casino world.[42]
In June 2017, it was reported that the New Jersey online gambling industry surpassed over $100 Million in tax revenue.[43] The combined revenues of all online casinos in New Jersey now actually exceed the revenues of the three NJ brick & mortar casinos with the lowest revenue figures.[44]
Expansion of casino gambling outside Atlantic City[edit]
Main article: New Jersey Casino Expansion Amendment (2016)
The proposed New Jersey Casino Expansion Amendment resulted from an agreement among Gov. Chris Christie and Democratic state legislators. State legislators were in deadlock over who would be allowed to own new casinos and tax revenue sharing. The measure does not say where the casinos would be allowed. Location and other matters such as tax rates would be determined by enabling legislation to be passed by the state legislature. A law passed by popular vote in 1976 gives Atlantic City a monopoly on casino gambling in New Jersey.[45][46]
An analysis by Fitch, a credit-rating agency, determined that as many as four of Atlantic City's eight casinos would be bankrupted by expanding casino gambling outside the city. Supporters of gambling in North Jersey say that the measure would help Atlantic City by redirecting as much as $200 million a year in tax revenue to the city. Opponents say that it is unlikely that much revenue would be generated and that it would not make up for the losses due to new competition. In recent years four Atlantic City casinos have closed, causing severe economic problems.[47][48]
Casino gambling[edit]
New Jersey currently has seven casinos, all of which are located in Atlantic City. In 2011, New Jersey's casinos employed approximately 33,000 employees, had 28.5 million visitors, made $3.3 billion in gaming revenue, and paid $278 million in taxes.[49] They are regulated by the New Jersey Casino Control Commission and New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement.
Current casinos[edit]
Casino
Opening Date
Theme
Hotel Rooms[50]
Section of Atlantic City
Bally's December 29, 1979 Modern 1,749 Midtown
Borgata July 2, 2003 Tuscany 2,767 Marina
Caesars June 26, 1979 Roman Empire 1,141 Midtown
Golden Nugget June 19, 1985 Gold Rush Era 727 Marina
Harrah's November 27, 1980 Marina Waterfront 2,590 Marina
Resorts May 28, 1978 Roaring Twenties 942 Uptown
Tropicana November 26, 1981 Old Havana 2,078 Downbeach
Wild Wild West* July 2, 1997 American Old West N/A (shared with Bally's) Midtown
The Wild Wild West Casino is officially part of Bally's, but is often considered by the public to be a separate casino.
Renamed casinos[edit]
Casino
hideName Change
ACH Casino Resort Renamed Atlantic Club Casino Hotel
Atlantic City Hilton Renamed ACH Casino Resort
Bally's Grand Renamed The Grand
Brighton Casino Renamed Sands Atlantic City
Del Webb's Claridge Renamed Claridge
Golden Nugget (Original) Renamed Bally's Grand
Harrah's at Trump Plaza Renamed Trump Plaza
Playboy Hotel & Casino Permanent casino license denied; renamed Atlantis Casino
The Grand Renamed the Atlantic City Hilton
Trump's Castle Renamed Trump Marina
Trump Marina Renamed Golden Nugget
Revel Hotel Casino Closed; Renamed TEN
Closed casinos[edit]
Casino
Opening Date
Closing Date
Status of Property
Atlantis Casino April 14, 1981 October 3, 1999 License revoked; later became the Trump World's Fair
Atlantic Club December 12, 1980 January 13, 2014 Building and contents sold to Caesars Entertainment, Inc., slots and tables sold to Tropicana Casino & Resort Atlantic City; currently uninhabited
The Claridge Casino and Hotel July 20, 1981 February 2014 Merged into Bally's, then Sold and Reopened as a non-casino hotel
Revel April 2, 2012 September 1, 2014 Building still standing; currently in redevelopment into Ocean Resort Casino
Sands August 31, 1980 November 11, 2006 Building demolished; currently "Atlantic: Wonder Park"
Showboat April 2, 1987 August 31, 2014 Reopened as a non-casino hotel/resort on 7/8/2016
Trump Plaza May 26, 1984 September 16, 2014 Building still standing; currently uninhabited
Trump World's Fair May 15, 1996 October 3, 1999 Building demolished; being redeveloped as BET Investments Boardwalk Development Project
Trump Taj Mahal April 2, 1990 October 10, 2016 Building still standing; Purchased by Hard Rock Hotel & Casino
Cancelled casinos[edit]
Casino
Status of property
Camelot Cancelled; currently an empty lot
Dunes Atlantic City Never completed; currently an empty lot
Hard Rock Casino Cancelled; currently an empty lot
Hilton (Original) Casino license denied; current site of Golden Nugget Atlantic City
Le Jardin Cancelled; currently an empty lot
Margaritaville Marina Casino Cancelled; current site of Golden Nugget Atlantic City
Mirage Atlantic City Cancelled; currently an empty lot
MGM Grand Atlantic City Cancelled; currently an empty lot
Penthouse Casino Never completed; current site of Trump Plaza's East Tower
Pinnacle Atlantic City Cancelled; currently an empty lot
Sahara Atlantic City Cancelled; currently a parking lot
Online Casinos[edit]
Online Brand
Land-based partner
Permit
Launch Date
888 Casino Caesars NJIGP 15-007 November 21, 2013 [51]
Betfair Golden Nugget NJIGP 15-002 November 21, 2013 [52]
Borgata Casino Borgata NJIGP 15-001 November 21, 2013 [53]
Caesars Casino Caesars NJIGP 15-007 November 21, 2013 [54]
Golden Nugget Casino Golden Nugget NJIGP 15-002 December 13, 2013 [55]
Harrah's Casino Caesars NJIGP 15-007 November 21, 2013 [54]
Mohegan Sun Resorts NJIGP 15-008 July 20, 2015 [56]
Pala Casino Borgata NJIGP 15-001 November 17, 2014 [57]
PartyPoker Borgata NJIGP 15-001 November 21, 2013 [58]
PokerStars Resorts NJIGP 15-008 March 16, 2016 [59]
PlayMGM Borgata NJIGP 15-001 August 1, 2017 [60]
Resorts Resorts NJIGP 15-008 February 26, 2015 [61]
Scores Casino Borgata NJIGP 15-001 July 31, 2017 [62]
SugarHouse Golden Nugget NJIGP 15-002 September 13, 2016 [63]
Tropicana Casino Tropicana NJIGP 15-005 November 21, 2013 [64]
Virgin Casino Tropicana NJIGP 15-005 January 24, 2014 [65]
WSOP.com Caesars NJIGP 15-007 November 21, 2013 [66]
New Jersey Lottery[edit]
Main article: New Jersey Lottery
New Jersey currently has 7 types of lottery games, which are sold by retailers around the state. The games are overseen by the New Jersey Lottery Commission, and the revenue is used to award prize winners (59%), raise money for education (34%), pay commissions to retailers (6%), and cover lottery administrative cost (1%).[67]
Current games[edit]
Game
First Sold
Frequency of Drawings
Pick-3 May 22, 1975 Twice daily
Pick-4 June 9, 1977 Twice daily
Cash 5 September 30, 1992 Once daily
Pick-6 May 9, 1980 Monday and Thursday
Mega Millions May 26, 1999 Tuesday and Friday
Powerball January 31, 2010 Wednesday and Saturday
Instant games (scratch-offs) June 17, 1975 Upon purchase
Former games[edit]
Game
Started
Ended
Lottery (original game) December 16, 1970
5-Digit Daily Game November 29, 1972 January 1, 1976
Lottery Bingo/Super Bingo February 6, 1980 July 29, 1981
Lucky 7 February 3, 1990 March 10, 1990
5-Card Lotto January 11, 1988 September 18, 1990
Lotzee June 14, 1998 September 13, 2003
Monopoly Millionaires' Club October 19, 2014 December 26, 2014
Horse racing & off-track betting[edit]
New Jersey currently has four racetracks and four off-track betting (OTB) halls, all of which are regulated by the New Jersey Racing Commission (an entity of the New Jersey Office of the Attorney General).[68] The state passed a law in 2013 permitting one horse race per year on a New Jersey beach, and Monmouth Park will be conducting a beach race in Atlantic City based on the Palio di Siena.[69][70]
Current racetracks[edit]
Racetrack
Opening Date
Town
Freehold Raceway 1830s (informally)
1854 (official) Freehold
Meadowlands Racetrack September 1, 1976 East Rutherford
Monmouth Park Racetrack July 30, 1870 Oceanport
Current off-track betting halls[edit]
OTB Hall
Opening Date
Town
Favorites at Gloucester Township July 2, 2014 Gloucester Township
Favorites at Toms River April 29, 2008 Toms River
Favorites at Vineland March 30, 2007 Vineland
Favorites at Woodbridge October 17, 2007 Fords
Winners Bayonne July 17, 2012 Bayonne
Former racetracks[edit]
Racetrack
Opening Date
Closing Date
Town
Atlantic City Race Course July 22, 1946 January 16, 2015 Mays Landing
Garden State Park Racetrack July 7, 1942 May 3, 2001 Cherry Hill
Charity, amusement, and social gambling[edit]
New Jersey allows non-profit organizations to run bingos and raffles.
The state of New Jersey allows charity gambling, where non-profit organizations (e.g., churches, fraternal organizations) to run bingos, raffles, casino nights, and armchair races.[71] Amusement parks, carnivals, and boardwalks in shore communities are allowed to have amusement games involving skill or chance (e.g., spinning wheels, skeeball).[72] Charity gambling and amusement games are regulated by the New Jersey Legalized Games of Chance Control Commission.
New Jersey permits social gambling (e.g., workplace football pool, a family poker game) insofar as the organizer of the game is on equal terms with the other participants, and does not take a cut of the gambling proceeds. Furthermore, it is never a criminal offense in New Jersey to be a player in a gambling operation.[73] However, the New Jersey Alcoholic Beverage Commission prohibits bars and other holder of liquor licenses from allowing social gambling.[74]
Illegal gambling[edit]
Each year billions of dollars of illegal gambling takes place in New Jersey.[75] Illegal gambling operations range from employees who make money on office sports betting pools to online poker websites to multimillion-dollar enterprises run by organized criminals.[76][77] Despite the availability of legal gambling in New Jersey, studies have shown that illegal gambling persists because it offers options that are not available legally (e.g., casino gambling outside of Atlantic City), and because some gamblers prefer using a bookmaker whom they personally know.[78] State law does not punish players, but a person operating an illegal gambling enterprise, or possessing equipment or records used for illegal gambling can face up to five years' imprisonment depending on the quantity and size of the bets.[79] However, illegal gambling arrests are rare in New Jersey, and there is presumption of non-incarceration for first-time offenders.[80][81]
Minimum age[edit]
A person must be 21 years of age to gamble at a casino in New Jersey.[82] It is legal for a minor to go to a casino, insofar as they do not gamble, consume alcoholic beverage, or remain on the gambling floor.[83] Underage gambling at a casino is a disorderly persons offense (misdemeanor), punishible by a $500–$1000 fine and a mandatory six-month driver's license suspension, and plea bargaining of underage gambling charges is prohibited.[84] The legal age for other forms of licensed gambling (e.g., lottery, horse race) is 18, but a person under 18 may take part in amusement games where the prize is an item (e.g., a stuffed animal), and not cash.[85] There is no minimum age for social gambling.
See also[edit]
Law of New Jersey
References[edit]
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text:
Bob's your uncle
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other uses, see Bob's your uncle (disambiguation).
...And Bob's your uncle is an expression of unknown origin, that means "and there it is" or "and there you have it." It is commonly used in United Kingdom and Commonwealth countries. Typically, someone says it to conclude a set of simple instructions or when a result is reached. The meaning is similar to that of the French expression "et voilà!"
"Bob's your uncle" is an exclamation that is used when "everything is all right" and the simple means of obtaining the successful result is explained. For example: "left over right; right over left, and Bob's your uncle – a reef knot." Sometimes the phrase is followed with "and Nellie's your aunt" or "and Fanny's your aunt." It is sometimes elaborately phrased Robert is your mother's brother or similar for comic effect.
Origin[edit]
Robert "Bob" Cecil
The origins are uncertain, but a common theory is that the expression arose after Conservative Prime Minister Robert "Bob" Cecil appointed his nephew Arthur Balfour as Chief Secretary for Ireland in 1887, an act which was apparently both surprising and unpopular. Whatever other qualifications Balfour might have had, "Bob's your uncle" was seen as the conclusive one.[1][2]
See also[edit]
All Sir Garnet
Nepotism
References[edit]
Look up Bob's your uncle in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Jump up ^ Langguth, A. J. (1981). Saki: Life of Hector Hugh Munro.
Jump up ^ Hendrickson, Robert (2008). The Facts on File Encyclopedia of Word and Phrase Origins. Facts On File. ISBN 9780816069668.
Further reading[edit]
Turner-Lord, Jann (1992). Bob's your uncle: a dictionary of slang for British mystery fans. Fithian Press. p. 62. 9781564740229.
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text:
Around the World in Eighty Days
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other uses, see Around the World in Eighty Days (disambiguation).
Around the World in Eighty Days
Cover of the 1873 first edition
Author
Jules Verne
Illustrator
Alphonse-Marie-Adolphe de Neuville and Léon Benett[1]
Country
France
Language
French
Series
The Extraordinary Voyages #11
Genre
Adventure novel
Publisher
Pierre-Jules Hetzel
Publication date
January 30, 1873[2]
Published in English
1873
Preceded by
The Fur Country
Followed by
The Mysterious Island
Around the World in Eighty Days (French: Le tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours) is a classic adventure novel by the French writer Jules Verne, published in 1873. In the story, Phileas Fogg of London and his newly employed French valet Passepartout attempt to circumnavigate the world in 80 days on a £20,000 wager (£2,075,400 in 2017)[3] set by his friends at the Reform Club. It is one of Verne's most acclaimed works.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot summary
2 Background and analysis
3 Real life imitations
4 Origins
5 Adaptations and influences
5.1 Literature
5.2 Theatre
5.3 Radio
5.4 Film
5.5 Television
5.6 Games
5.7 Internet
5.8 Other
6 References
7 Footnotes
8 External links
Plot summary[edit]
The story starts in London on Tuesday, 1 October 1872.
Phileas Fogg is a rich British gentleman living in solitude. Despite his wealth, Fogg lives a modest life with habits carried out with mathematical precision. Very little can be said about his social life other than that he is a member of the Reform Club. Having dismissed his former valet, James Forster, for bringing him shaving water at 84 °F (29 °C) instead of 86 °F (30 °C), Fogg hires a Frenchman by the name of Jean Passepartout as a replacement.
At the Reform Club, Fogg gets involved in an argument over an article in The Daily Telegraph stating that with the opening of a new railway section in India, it is now possible to travel around the world in 80 days. He accepts a wager for £20,000 (£2,075,400 in 2017)[5] from his fellow club members to complete such a journey within this time period. With Monsieur Passepartout accompanying him, Fogg departs from London by train at 8:45 p.m. on 2 October; if he is to win the wager, then he will have to return to the club by this same time on 21 December, 80 days later.
The itinerary (as originally planned)
London, UK to Suez, Egypt, Ottoman Empire Rail to Brindisi, Italy and steamer (the Mongolia) across the Mediterranean Sea. 07 days
Suez to Bombay, India Steamer (the Mongolia) across the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. 13 days
Bombay to Calcutta, India Rail. 03 days
Calcutta to Victoria, Hong Kong Steamer (the Rangoon) across the South China Sea 13 days
Hong Kong to Yokohama, Japan Steamer (the Carnatic) across the South China Sea, East China Sea, and the Pacific Ocean. 06 days
Yokohama to San Francisco, United States Steamer (the General Grant) across the Pacific Ocean. 22 days
San Francisco to New York City, United States Rail. 07 days
New York to London Steamer (the China) across the Atlantic Ocean to Liverpool and rail. 09 days
Total 80 days
Map of the trip
Fogg and Passepartout reach Suez in time. While disembarking in Egypt, they are watched by a Scotland Yard detective, Detective Fix, who has been dispatched from London in search of a bank robber. Since Fogg answers the vague description Scotland Yard was given of the robber, Detective Fix mistakes Fogg for the criminal. Since he cannot secure a warrant in time, Fix boards the steamer (the Mongolia) conveying the travelers to Bombay. Fix becomes acquainted with Passepartout without revealing his purpose. Fogg promises the steamer engineer a large reward if he gets them to Bombay early. They dock two days ahead of schedule.
After reaching India they take a train from Bombay to Calcutta. Fogg learns that the Daily Telegraph article was wrong – the railroad actually ends at Kholby and starts again, 50 miles further on, near Allahabad, Fogg purchases an elephant, hires a guide, and starts toward Allahabad.
They come across a procession in which a young Indian woman, Aouda, is led to a sanctuary to be sacrificed by sati the next day by Brahmins. Since the young woman is drugged with opium and hemp and is obviously not going voluntarily, the travelers decide to rescue her. They follow the procession to the site, where Passepartout takes the place of Aouda's deceased husband on the funeral pyre on which she is to be burned. During the ceremony he rises from the pyre, scaring off the priests, and carries the young woman away. The twelve hours gained earlier are lost, but Fogg shows no regret.
The travelers hasten to catch the train at the next railway station, taking Aouda with them. At Calcutta, they board a steamer (the Rangoon) going to Hong Kong. Fix has Fogg and Passepartout arrested. They jump bail and Fix follows them to Hong Kong. He shows himself to Passepartout, who is delighted to again meet his travelling companion from the earlier voyage.
In Hong Kong, it turns out that Aouda's distant relative, in whose care they had been planning to leave her, has moved to Holland, so they decide to take her with them to Europe. Still without a warrant, Fix sees Hong Kong as his last chance to arrest Fogg on British soil. Passepartout becomes convinced that Fix is a spy from the Reform Club. Fix confides in Passepartout, who does not believe a word and remains convinced that his master is not a bank robber. To prevent Passepartout from informing his master about the premature departure of their next vessel, the Carnatic, Fix gets Passepartout drunk and drugs him in an opium den. Passepartout still manages to catch the steamer to Yokohama, but neglects to inform Fogg that the steamer is leaving the evening before its scheduled departure date.
Fogg discovers that he missed his connection. He searches for a vessel that will take him to Yokohama, finding a pilot boat, the Tankadere, that takes him and Aouda to Shanghai, where they catch a steamer to Yokohama. In Yokohama, they search for Passepartout, believing that he may have arrived there on the Carnatic as originally planned. They find him in a circus, trying to earn the fare for his homeward journey. Reunited, the four board a paddle-steamer, the General Grant, taking them across the Pacific to San Francisco. Fix promises Passepartout that now, having left British soil, he will no longer try to delay Fogg's journey, but instead support him in getting back to Britain so he can arrest Fogg in Britain itself.
In San Francisco they board a transcontinental train to New York, encountering a number of obstacles along the way: a massive herd of bison crossing the tracks, a failing suspension bridge, and the train being attacked by Sioux warriors. After uncoupling the locomotive from the carriages, Passepartout is kidnapped by the Indians, but Fogg rescues him after American soldiers volunteer to help. They continue by a wind powered sledge to Omaha, where they get a train to New York.
In New York, having missed the sailing of their ship, the China, Fogg starts looking for an alternative to cross the Atlantic Ocean. He finds a steamboat, the Henrietta, destined for Bordeaux, France. The captain of the boat refuses to take the company to Liverpool, whereupon Fogg consents to be taken to Bordeaux for $2,000 (£207,540 in 2017) per passenger. He then bribes the crew to mutiny and make course for Liverpool. Against hurricane winds and going on full steam, the boat runs out of fuel after a few days. Fogg buys the boat from the captain and has the crew burn all the wooden parts to keep up the steam.
The companions arrive at Queenstown (Cobh), Ireland, take the train to Dublin and then a ferry to Liverpool, still in time to reach London before the deadline. Once on English soil, Fix produces a warrant and arrests Fogg. A short time later, the misunderstanding is cleared up – the actual robber, an individual named James Strand, had been caught three days earlier in Edinburgh. However, Fogg has missed the train and arrives in London five minutes late, certain he has lost the wager.
The following day Fogg apologises to Aouda for bringing her with him, since he now has to live in poverty and cannot support her. Aouda confesses that she loves him and asks him to marry her. As Passepartout notifies a minister, he learns that he is mistaken in the date – it is not 22 December, but instead 21 December. Because the party had travelled eastward, they gained one day upon crossing the International Date Line. Passepartout informs Fogg of his mistake, and Fogg hurries to the Reform Club just in time to meet his deadline and win the wager. Having already spent the bulk of the £20,000 during the journey, he divides the remaining money between Passepartout and Fix and marries Aouda.
This narrative gives a mistaken impression of the ending. For the trip, Fogg took £20,000, in cash, in a suitcase, amounting to half of his fortune at the time. The other half of his fortune, the other £20,000 was to be held in escrow at the bank to pay off his wager if he lost, the men on the other side of the bet, similarly put £20,000 to be held during the wager. Much of what Fogg took with him was spent during the trip, as detailed above. Before the date was discovered, Fogg confessed to Aouda that he was now poor, but she wanted to marry him anyway, as set out above. When the true date was discovered, as above, Fogg collected the £20,000 wagered - and his £20,000 that was held in escrow, restoring him to his original fortune of £40,000, distributing the remaining balance of his "travel money".
Background and analysis[edit]
Around the World in Eighty Days was written during difficult times, both for France and for Verne. It was during the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871) in which Verne was conscripted as a coastguard; he was having financial difficulties (his previous works were not paid royalties); his father had died recently; and he had witnessed a public execution, which had disturbed him.[6] Despite all this, Verne was excited about his work on the new book, the idea of which came to him one afternoon in a Paris café while reading a newspaper.
The technological innovations of the 19th century had opened the possibility of rapid circumnavigation and the prospect fascinated Verne and his readership.[6] In particular, three technological breakthroughs occurred in 1869–70 that made a tourist-like around-the-world journey possible for the first time: the completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad in America (1869), the linking of the Indian railways across the sub-continent (1870), and the opening of the Suez Canal (1869).[6] It was another notable mark in the end of an age of exploration and the start of an age of fully global tourism that could be enjoyed in relative comfort and safety. It sparked the imagination that anyone could sit down, draw up a schedule, buy tickets and travel around the world, a feat previously reserved for only the most heroic and hardy of adventurers.[6]
Verne is often characterized as a futurist or science-fiction author, but there is not a glimmer of science fiction in this, his most popular work (at least in English).[6] Rather than any futurism, it remains a memorable portrait of the British Empire "on which the sun never sets" shortly before its peak, drawn by an outsider.[6] It is interesting to note that, until 2006, no critical editions were written due to both the poor translations available and the stereotypical connection between science fiction and "worthless" boys' literature. However, Verne's works began receiving more serious reviews in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, with new translations appearing. It is also interesting to note that the book is a source of common notable English and extended British attitudes in quotes such as "Phileas Fogg and Sir Francis Cromarty ... endured the discomfort with true British phlegm, talking little, and scarcely able to catch a glimpse of each other," as well as in Chapter 12 when the group is being jostled around on the elephant ride across the jungle. In Chapter 25, when Fogg is insulted in San Francisco, Fix acknowledges that clearly "Mr. Fogg was one of those Englishmen who, while they do not tolerate dueling at home, fight abroad when their honor is attacked."
Post-Colonial readings of the novel elucidate Verne's role as propagandist for European global dominance, as a Victors' historian. "Perhaps the leading excuse for the European colonization of India was found in the Hindu practice of the suttee".[7] Verne's novel, one of the most widely read of the 19th century, played a major role in shaping European attitudes of the colonized lands.
The closing date of the novel, 21 December 1872, was the same date as the serial publication.[6] As it was being published serially for the first time, some readers believed that the journey was actually taking place – bets were placed, and some railway companies and ship liner companies lobbied Verne to appear in the book.[6] It is unknown if Verne submitted to their requests, but the descriptions of some rail and shipping lines leave some suspicion he was influenced.[6]
Although a journey by balloon has become one of the images most strongly associated with the story, this iconic symbol was never deployed by Verne – the idea is, briefly, brought up in Chapter 32, but dismissed, as it "would have been highly risky and, in any case, impossible." However, the popular 1956 movie adaptation Around the World in Eighty Days used the balloon idea, and it has now become a part of the mythology of the story, even appearing on book covers. This plot element is reminiscent of Verne's earlier Five Weeks in a Balloon, which first made him a well-known author.
Concerning the final coup de théâtre, Fogg had thought it was one day later than it actually was, because he had forgotten this simple fact: during his journey, he had added a full day to his clock, at the rhythm of an hour per fifteen degrees, or four minutes per degree, as Verne writes. In fact, at the time and until 1884, the concept of a de jure International Date Line did not exist. If it did, he would have been made aware of the change in date once he reached this line. Thus, the day he added to his clock throughout his journey would be removed upon crossing this imaginary line. However, in the real world, Fogg's mistake would not have occurred because a de facto date line did exist. The UK, India and the US had the same calendar with different local times. He would have noticed, when he arrived in San Francisco, that the local date was actually one day earlier than shown in his travel diary. As a consequence he could not fail to notice that the departure dates of the transcontinental train in San Francisco and of the China steamer in New York were actually one day earlier than his personal travel diary.
Real life imitations[edit]
Following Towle and d'Anver's 1873 English translation, many people have tried to follow in the footsteps of Fogg's fictional circumnavigation, often within self-imposed constraints:
In 1889, Nellie Bly undertook to travel around the world in 80 days for her newspaper, the New York World. She managed to do the journey within 72 days, meeting Verne in Amiens. Her book Around the World in Seventy-Two Days, became a best seller.
In 1903, James Willis Sayre, a Seattle theatre critic and arts promoter, set the world record for circling the earth using public transport: 54 days, 9 hours, and 42 minutes.
In 1908, Harry Bensley, on a wager, set out to circumnavigate the world on foot wearing an iron mask. The journey was abandoned, incomplete, at the outbreak of World War I in 1914.
In 1984, Nicholas Coleridge emulated Fogg's trip, taking 78 days, He wrote a book titled Around the World in 78 Days.
In 1988, Monty Python alumnus Michael Palin took a similar challenge without using aircraft as a part of a television travelogue, called Michael Palin: Around the World in 80 Days. He completed the journey in 79 days and 7 hours.
Since 1993, the Jules Verne Trophy is given to the boat that sails around the world without stopping and with no outside assistance, in the shortest time.
In 2009, twelve celebrities performed a relay version of the journey for the BBC Children In Need charity appeal.
In 2014, the Optimistic Traveler team consisting of Muammer Yilmaz and Milan Bihlmann completed the "80 Days Challenge", a trip around the world without using money, as a first step of their charity campaign for education in Haiti. They finished the journey in 79 days.[8]
In 2015, a group of Italian travelers, Luigi Cavallito, Alessio Nicastro, Andrea Cavallo Perin, Andrea Dutto, and Didie Caria repeated the journey that Verne had inspired.[9] The members of the group were all millennials born between the 1980s and 2000; the project aimed to describe the life, projects and dreams of that generation. They started their journey from the Reform Club on October 2, 2015 and they came back to London on December 21, 80 days later. They stopped in Paris, Turin, Athens, Cairo, Alexandria, Dubai, Mumbai, Kolkata, Hong Kong, Manila, Tokyo, Honolulu, San Francisco, New York and Dublin.
Origins[edit]
The idea of a trip around the world within a set period had clear external origins and was popular before Verne published his book in 1873. Even the title Around the World in Eighty Days is not original. Several sources[6] have been hypothesized as the origins of the story.
The most obvious took place between 1869 and 1871, when American William Perry Fogg traveled the world, describing his tour in a series of letters to The Cleveland Leader newspaper, entitled, Round the World: Letters from Japan, China, India, and Egypt (1872). But long before Fogg, Greek traveller Pausanias (c. 100 AD) wrote a work that was translated into French in 1797 as Voyage autour du monde ("Around the World"). Verne's friend Jacques Arago had written a very popular Voyage autour du monde in 1853. In 1869–70 the idea of travelling around the world reached critical popular attention when three geographical breakthroughs occurred: the completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad in America (1869), the linking of the Indian railways across the sub-continent (1870), and the opening of the Suez Canal (1869). In 1871 appeared Around the World by Steam, via Pacific Railway, published by the Union Pacific Railroad Company, and an Around the World in A Hundred and Twenty Days by Edmond Planchut. In early 1870, the Erie Railway Company published a statement of routes, times, and distances detailing a trip around the globe of 23,739 miles in seventy-seven days and twenty-one hours.[10]
Another early reference comes from the Italian traveler Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri. He wrote a book in 1699 that was translated into French: Voyage around the World or Voyage du Tour du Monde (1719, Paris).[11] The novel documents his trip as one of the first Europeans to circle the world for pleasure rather than profit, using publicly available transportation. Gemelli Careri provides rich accounts of seventeenth-century civilization outside of Europe. These include Persia during the Ottoman Empire, Hindustan during the reign of Aurungzebe, the Chinese Lantern Festival and the Great Wall, and the native people of Meso-America. References to his books can be found in other historical publications like the Calcutta Review.
In 1872, Thomas Cook organised the first around-the-world tourist trip, leaving on 20 September 1872 and returning seven months later. The journey was described in a series of letters that were published in 1873 as Letter from the Sea and from Foreign Lands, Descriptive of a tour Round the World. Scholars have pointed out similarities between Verne's account and Cook's letters, although some argue that Cook's trip happened too late to influence Verne.[6] Verne, according to a second-hand 1898 account, refers to a Cook advertisement as a source for the idea of his book.[6] In interviews in 1894 and 1904, Verne says the source was "through reading one day in a Paris cafe" and "due merely to a tourist advertisement seen by chance in the columns of a newspaper."[6] Around the World itself says the origins were a newspaper article. All of these point to Cook's advert as being a probable spark for the idea of the book.[6]
The periodical Le Tour du monde (3 October 1869) contained a short piece titled "Around the World in Eighty Days", which refers to "140 miles" of railway not yet completed between Allahabad and Bombay, a central point in Verne's work.[6] But even the Le Tour de monde article was not entirely original; it cites in its bibliography the Nouvelles Annales des Voyages, de la Géographie, de l'Histoire et de l'Archéologie (August, 1869), which also contains the title Around the World in Eighty Days in its contents page.[6] The Nouvelles Annales were written by Conrad Malte-Brun (1775–1826) and his son Victor Adolphe Malte-Brun (1816–1889).[6] Scholars[who?] believe that Verne was aware of the Le Tour de monde article, the Nouvelles Annales, or both, and that he consulted it and/or them, noting that the Le Tour du monde even included a trip schedule very similar to Verne's final version.[6]
A possible inspiration was the traveller George Francis Train, who made four trips around the world, including one in 80 days in 1870. Similarities include the hiring of a private train and being imprisoned. Train later claimed, "Verne stole my thunder. I'm Phileas Fogg."[6]
The book page containing the famous dénouement (page 312 in the Philadelphia — Porter & Coates, 1873 edition)[12]
Regarding the idea of gaining a day, Verne said of its origin: "I have a great number of scientific odds and ends in my head. It was thus that, when, one day in a Paris café, I read in the Siècle that a man could travel around the world in 80 days, it immediately struck me that I could profit by a difference of meridian and make my traveller gain or lose a day in his journey. There was a dénouement ready found. The story was not written until long after. I carry ideas about in my head for years – ten, or 15 years, sometimes – before giving them form."[6] In his April 1873 lecture, "The Meridians and the Calendar", Verne responded to a question about where the change of day actually occurred, since the international date line had only become current in 1880 and the Greenwich prime meridian was not adopted internationally until 1884.[6] Verne cited an 1872 article in Nature, and Edgar Allan Poe's short story "Three Sundays in a Week" (1841), which was also based on going around the world and the difference in a day linked to a marriage at the end.[6] Verne even analysed Poe's story in his Edgar Poe and His Works (1864). Poe's story "Three Sundays in a Week" was clearly the inspiration for the lost day plot device.[6]
Adaptations and influences[edit]
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The book has been adapted or reimagined many times in different forms.
Literature[edit]
The science fiction novel The Other Log of Phileas Fogg by Philip José Farmer gives an alternate interpretation of the story.
The novel Around the world in 100 days by Gary Blackwood serves as a sequel to the events in 80 days. The book follows Phileas's son as he tries to travel around the world by car instead of train, hence the longer time limit.[13]
Theatre[edit]
In 1874, a theatrical adaptation by Verne and Adolphe d'Ennery opened at the Théâtre de la Porte Saint-Martin in Paris for 415 performances; in April 1876, it transferred to the Théâtre du Châtelet where it ran for 2,195 performances over 64 years.
In 1946, Orson Welles produced and starred in Around the World, a musical stage version, with music and lyrics by Cole Porter, that was only loosely faithful to Verne's original.
A musical version, 80 Days, with songs by Ray Davies of The Kinks and a book by playwright Snoo Wilson, directed by Des McAnuff, ran at the Mandell Weiss Theatre in San Diego from August 23 to October 9, 1988, receiving mixed responses from the critics. Davies's multi-faceted music, McAnuff's directing, and the acting were well received, with the show winning the "Best Musical" award from the San Diego Theatre Critics Circle.[14]
Mark Brown adapted the book for a five-actor stage production in 2001. It has been performed in New York, Canada, England, South Africa, and Bangladesh.[15]
Toby Hulse created an adaptation for three actors, which was first produced at the egg at The Theatre Royal, Bath in 2010.[16] It has subsequently been revived at the Arcola Theatre in London in 2013 and The Theatre Chipping Norton in 2014
In 2013, a musical version "Around the World in 80 Days" with book and lyrics by Chris Blackwood and music by Piers Chater Robinson went on general release and has had productions across the globe. Published by IT&M Shows.
St. James Theatre, London put on an adaptation by Laura Eason which was directed by Lucy Bailey and ran from 26 November 2015 to 17 January 2016 with Robert Portal as Fogg, Simon Gregor as Passepartout and Shanaya Rafaat as Aouda.
Radio[edit]
The Mercury Theatre on the Air presented a radio adaptation of Around the World in 80 Days on October 23, 1938, one week before its famous production of The War of the Worlds.[17] Orson Welles played Fogg.
Jules Verne – Around the World in Eighty Days, a 4-part drama adaptation by Terry James and directed by Janet Whittaker for BBC Radio 7 (now BBC Radio 4 Extra), starred Leslie Phillips as Phileas Fogg, Yves Aubert as Passepartout and Jim Broadbent as Sergeant Fix.[18][19]
Film[edit]
Around the World in Eighty Days (1919 film), a German film starring Conrad Veidt, the first film version.
An Indian Fantasy Story is an unfinished French/English co-production from 1938, featuring the wager at the Reform Club and the rescue of the Indian Princess. It was never completed.[20]
The 1956 film Around the World in 80 Days starred David Niven as Fogg and Cantinflas as Passepartout.
1963 saw the release of The Three Stooges Go Around the World in a Daze.
Around the World in 80 Days, a film produced and released in 1988, was an Australian animated adaptation. (As described below, there had been a television adaptation sixteen years earlier, likewise animated and also of Australian origin.)[relevant? – discuss]
The 1994 video The Singing Kettle World Tour was a Scottish adaptation that starred Cilla Fisher, Artie Trezise, and Gary Coupland.
Around the World in 80 Days, a 1999 animated film starring Simon Callow, John Sessions and Philip Jackson
The 2000 film Tweety's High-Flying Adventure was an updated direct-to-video animated film spoof starring Tweety from the Warner Bros. Looney Tunes.
Around the World in 80 Days was a 2004 film that starred Jackie Chan as Passepartout and Steve Coogan as Fogg.
Television[edit]
The 1972 cartoon Around the World in 80 Days was a one-season Australian animated television adaptation.
Around the World with Willy Fog was a 26-episode Spanish-Japanese animated TV series by BRB International and Nippon Animation, in which all the characters were anthropomorphic animals. A second series was made that was loosely based on other stories by Jules Verne.
Around the World in 80 Days was a 1989 miniseries adaptation that starred Pierce Brosnan.
Bolek and Lolek's Great Travel was a 1977 animated movie and 15 episode series which occurred long after the events of the book, with the late Mr. Fogg's fortune to be inherited by the one who successfully repeated his feat.
Michael Palin: Around the World in 80 Days was a seven-episode series made by the BBC in 1988, which starred Michael Palin.
Games[edit]
The board game Around the World in 80 Days is derived from the novel.
The mobile game company Inkle published an interactive fiction adaptation of the novel, titled 80 Days, which has won numerous awards.
Internet[edit]
Flightfox created a trip, "Around the World in 80 Hours", to see if flight experts could find flights following the same path as described in the book (for cheap).[21] The online travel company then wrote a fictional eBook based on the results of the contest.[22]
Other[edit]
Worlds of Fun, an amusement park in Kansas City, Missouri, was conceived using the novel as its theme.[23]
References[edit]
William Butcher, ed. and trans., Around the World in Eighty Days, Oxford World's Classics (1995, 1999).
Footnotes[edit]
Jump up ^ [1] Archived December 2, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Die Reise um die Erde in 80 Tagen". J-verne.de. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
Jump up ^ "Inflation | Bank of England". www.bankofengland.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-12-12.
Jump up ^ standardebooks.org
Jump up ^ "Inflation | Bank of England". www.bankofengland.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-12-12.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w William Butcher (translation and introduction). Around the World in Eighty Days, Oxford Worlds Classics, 1995, Introduction.
Jump up ^ Ashley Tussing, Exploring Cultural Reflections Through Jules Verne’s Around The World In Eighty Days [ Master's Thesis, Purdue University, 2010] p.45.
Jump up ^ Cable, Simon (2014-11-29). "Phileas Fogg's fictional journey around the world recreated by two men for FREE | Daily Mail Online". Dailymail.co.uk. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
Jump up ^ [2][dead link]
Jump up ^ The Kansas Daily Tribune, February 5, 1870.
Jump up ^ Careri, Giovanni Francesco Gemelli; Noble, Eustache Le (1719). Voyage du Tour du Monde (1719, Paris).
Jump up ^ "TrueScans of Around the World in Eighty Days; Philadelphia - Porter & Coates, 1873". Truescans.com. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
Jump up ^ http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/book/around-world-100-days
Jump up ^ Neu. "80 Days". Kinks.de. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
Jump up ^ "Mark Brown – Writer". epicurious.com. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Around the World in Eighty Days". Guardian.com. 5 January 2010. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
Jump up ^ [3] Archived November 3, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "BBC Radio 4 Extra - Jules Verne - Around the World in Eighty Days - Episode guide". Bbc.co.uk. 1970-01-01. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
Jump up ^ "Around the World in Eighty Days by Jules Verne, adapted by Terry James". Radiodramareviews.com. 2010-02-28. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
Jump up ^ "Cartoon Synopsis for An Indian Fantasy".
Jump up ^ "Fly Better For Less". Flightfox.com. 2012-09-30. Archived from the original on 2013-10-17. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
Jump up ^ Zacchia, Jill. "Around the World in 80 Hours". Flightfox.com. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
Jump up ^ "History | Worlds of Fun, Kansas City MO". Worldsoffun.com. 2012-03-21. Archived from the original on 2015-11-24. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
External links[edit]
Find more aboutAround the World in Eighty Daysat Wikipedia's sister projects
Media from Wikimedia Commons
Quotations from Wikiquote
Texts from Wikisource
Travel guide from Wikivoyage
Data from Wikidata
Around the World in Eighty Days at Project Gutenberg. Translation by George Makepeace Towle, 1874.
Around The World In Eighty Days public domain audiobook at LibriVox
Around the World in 80 Days – Read Online, Flash Version
Around the World in Eighty Days (in French) – Audiobook from Literature Audio.com
[hide]
v
t
e
Jules Verne's Around the World in Eighty Days
Characters
Aouda
Phileas Fogg
Jean Passepartout
Films
Around the World in 80 Days (1919)
Around the World in 80 Days (1956)
Around the World in 80 Days (1988)
Around the World in 80 Days (2004)
Television
Around the World in 80 Days (1972–1973)
Around the World with Willy Fog (1983)
Around the World in 80 Days (1989)
Michael Palin: Around the World in 80 Days (1989)
Around the World in 80 Days (2009)
Video games
Around the World in 80 Days (2004)
80 Days (2005)
80 Days (2014)
Other
Around the World (musical)
Around the World in 80 Days (ride)
Around the World in 80 Days (game)
"Around the World" (song)
Around the World in 80 Days (Michael Palin book)
The Other Log of Phileas Fogg
Around the World in 20 Years
Around the World in Seventy-Two Days
A Boy Scout Around the World
Tweety's High-Flying Adventure
[show]
v
t
e
Works by Jules Verne
Voyages
extraordinaires
Five Weeks in a Balloon (1863)
Journey to the Center of the Earth (1864)
From the Earth to the Moon (1865)
The Adventures of Captain Hatteras (1866)
In Search of the Castaways (1867–68)
Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (1869–70)
Around the Moon (1870)
A Floating City (1871)
The Adventures of Three Englishmen and Three Russians in South Africa (1872)
The Fur Country (1873)
Around the World in Eighty Days (1873)
The Mysterious Island (1874–75)
The Survivors of the Chancellor (1875)
Michael Strogoff (1876)
Off on a Comet (1877)
The Child of the Cavern (1877)
Dick Sand, A Captain at Fifteen (1878)
The Begum's Fortune (1879)
Tribulations of a Chinaman in China (1879)
The Steam House (1880)
Eight Hundred Leagues on the Amazon (1881)
Godfrey Morgan (1882)
The Green Ray (1882)
Kéraban the Inflexible (1883)
The Vanished Diamond (1884)
The Archipelago on Fire (1884)
Mathias Sandorf (1885)
The Lottery Ticket (1886)
Robur the Conqueror (1886)
North Against South (1887)
The Flight to France (1887)
Two Years' Vacation (1888)
Family Without a Name (1889)
The Purchase of the North Pole (1889)
César Cascabel (1890)
Mistress Branican (1891)
The Carpathian Castle (1892)
Claudius Bombarnac (1892)
Foundling Mick (1893)
Captain Antifer (1894)
Propeller Island (1895)
Facing the Flag (1896)
Clovis Dardentor (1896)
An Antarctic Mystery (1897)
The Mighty Orinoco (1898)
The Will of an Eccentric (1899)
The Castaways of the Flag (1900)
The Village in the Treetops (1901)
The Sea Serpent (1901)
The Kip Brothers (1902)
Travel Scholarships (1903)
A Drama in Livonia (1904)
Master of the World (1904)
Invasion of the Sea (1905)
Other works
Novels
The Waif of the Cynthia (1885)
The Lighthouse at the End of the World (1905)
The Golden Volcano (1906)
The Chase of the Golden Meteor (1908)
The Danube Pilot (1908)
The Survivors of the "Jonathan" (1909)
The Secret of Wilhelm Storitz (1910)
The Barsac Mission (1919)
Backwards to Britain (1989, written 1859)
Paris in the Twentieth Century (1994, written 1863)
Collections
Doctor Ox (1874)
Yesterday and Tomorrow (1910)
Short
stories
"A Drama in Mexico" (1851)
"A Drama in the Air" (1851)
"Martin Paz" (1852)
"Master Zacharius" (1854)
"A Winter amid the Ice" (1855)
"The Count of Chanteleine" (1864)
"The Blockade Runners" (1865)
"Dr. Ox's Experiment" (1872)
"An Ideal City" (1875)
"The Mutineers of the Bounty" (1879)
"Ten Hours Hunting" (1881)
"Frritt-Flacc" (1884)
"Gil Braltar" (1887)
"In the Year 2889" (1889)
"Adventures of the Rat Family" (1891)
"Mr. Ray Sharp and Miss Me Flat" (1893)
"The Eternal Adam" (1910)
Plays
The Broken Straws (1850)
Mona Lisa (1852)
Blind Man's Buff (1853)
The Adoptive Son (1853
Knights of the Daffodil (1855)
Mr. Chimpanzee (1858)
The Inn in the Ardennes (1860)
Eleven Days' Siege (1861)
A Nephew from America (1873)
Around the World in 80 Days (1874)
The Children of Captain Grant (1878)
Michael Strogoff (1880)
Journey Through the Impossible (1882)
Kéraban the Pigheaded (1883)
Related
The Thompson Travel Agency by Michel Verne (1907)
Universe
Characters
Aouda
Tom Ayrton
David Farragut
Phileas Fogg
Lord Glenarvan
Captain Nemo
Jacques Paganel
Jean Passepartout
Cyrus Smith
Universe
Leyden ball
Nautilus
HMS Sword
Book
Category
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 174954981
GND: 4317635-5
SUDOC: 029467969
BNF: cb12108954z (data)
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values: حول العالم في ثمانين يوما – Arabic

values: Около света за 80 дни – Bulgarian

values: La volta al món en vuitanta dies – Catalan

values: Cesta kolem světa za osmdesát dní – Czech

values: Ο γύρος του κόσμου σε 80 ημέρες – Greek

values: La vuelta al mundo en ochenta días – Spanish

values: دور دنیا در هشتاد روز – Persian

values: Le Tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours – French

values: In Wrâldreis yn Tachtich Dagen – Western Frisian

values: 80일간의 세계 일주 – Korean

values: Աշխարհի շուրջը 80 օրում – Armenian

values: Mengelilingi Dunia Dalam 80 Hari – Indonesian

values: Il giro del mondo in 80 giorni – Italian

values: מסביב לעולם בשמונים יום – Hebrew

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values: ოთხმოცი დღე დედამიწის გარშემო – Georgian

values: Le tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours – Latin

values: Astoņdesmit dienās ap zemeslodi – Latvian

values: Nyolcvan nap alatt a Föld körül (regény) – Hungarian

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values: Пат околу светот за 80 дена – Macedonian

values: എറൗണ്ട് ദ വേൾഡ‍് ഇൻ എയ്റ്റി ഡേയ്സ് – Malayalam

values: अराउंड द वर्ल्ड इन एटी डेझ – Marathi

values: Mengelilingi Dunia dalam Lapan Puluh Hari – Malay

values: Дэлхийг тойрсон 80 хоног – Mongolian

values: De reis om de wereld in tachtig dagen – Dutch

values: 八十日間世界一周 – Japanese

values: W osiemdziesiąt dni dookoła świata – Polish

values: A Volta ao Mundo em 80 Dias – Portuguese

values: Ocolul Pământului în 80 de zile – Romanian

values: Вокруг света за 80 дней – Russian

values: Around the World in Eighty Days – Simple English

values: V osemdesetih dneh okoli sveta – Slovenian

values: Пут око света за осамдесет дана – Serbian

values: எண்பது நாட்களில் உலகைச் சுற்றி (நூல்) – Tamil

values: 80 วันรอบโลก – Thai

values: Навколо світу за вісімдесят днів – Ukrainian

values: Vòng quanh thế giới trong 80 ngày – Vietnamese

values: ארום די וועלט אין 80 טעג – Yiddish

values: 環遊世界八十天 – Chinese

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