text:
Seed (sports)
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See also: Single-elimination tournament
A seed is a competitor or team in a sport or other tournament who is given a preliminary ranking for the purposes of the draw. Players/teams are "planted" into the bracket in a manner that is typically intended so that the best do not meet until later in the competition. The term was first used in tennis,[1] and is based on the idea of laying out a tournament ladder by arranging slips of paper with the names of players on them the way seeds or seedlings are arranged in a garden: smaller plants up front, larger ones behind.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Tennis
2 Other sports
3 See also
4 References
Tennis[edit]
One version of seeding is where brackets are set up so that the quarterfinal pairings (barring any upsets) would be the 1 seed vs. the 8 seed, 2 vs. 7, 3 vs. 6 and 4 vs. 5; however, this is not the procedure that is followed in most tennis tournaments, where the 1 and 2 seeds are placed in separate brackets, but then the 3 and 4 seeds are assigned to their brackets randomly, and so too are seeds 5 through 8, and so on. This may result in some brackets consisting of stronger players than other brackets, and since only the top 32 players are seeded in Tennis Grand Slam tournaments, it is conceivable that the 33rd best player in a 128-player field could end up playing the top seed in the first round. A good example of this occurring was when World No. 33 Florian Mayer was drawn against (and eventually defeated by) then-World No. 1 Novak Djokovic in the first round of the 2013 Wimbledon Championships,[3] in what was also a rematch of a quarter-final from the previous year.[4] Rankings of tennis players, based on a history of performance, tend to change positions gradually, and so a more "equitable" method of determining the pairings might result in many of the same head-to-head match-ups being repeated in successive tournaments.
First round Quarterfinals Semifinals Finals
1
16
1
8
8
9
1
4
5
12
5
4
4
13
1
2
6
11
6
3
3
14
3
2
7
10
7
2
2
15
Sometimes the remaining competitors in a single-elimination tournament will be "re-seeded" so that the highest surviving seed is made to play the lowest surviving seed in the next round, the second-highest plays the second-lowest, etc. This may be done after each round, or only at selected intervals.
Other sports[edit]
In American team sports, MLS, NFL and WNBA employ re-seeding in MLS Cup Playoffs, NFL playoffs & WNBA Playoffs, respectively, while the NBA and the NCAA college basketball postseason tournaments do not; the NHL's Stanley Cup Playoffs formerly used re-seeding between 1994 and 2013. MLB does not have enough teams in its playoff tournament where re-seeding would make a difference in the matchups. (The MLS and NFL are at the minimum, which is 6 from each conference (or league in MLB) for a total of 12.) The NBA's format calls for the winner of the conference quarterfinal series between the first and eighth seeds (within each of the two conferences the league has) to face the winner of the other series between the fourth and fifth seeds in the next round, even if one or more of the top three seeds had been upset in their first-round series; critics have claimed that this gives a team fighting for the fifth and sixth seeding positions near the end of the regular season an incentive to tank (deliberately lose) games, so as to finish sixth and thus avoid a possible matchup with the top seed until one round later. So will the winner of the second and seventh seeds to take on the winner of the third and sixth seeds.
In some situations, a seeding restriction will be implemented; from 1975 until 1989 in the NFL and from 1998 until 2011 in MLB there was a rule where at the conference or league semifinal, should the top seed and last seed (wild card) be from the same division, they may not play each other; in that case, the top seed plays the worst division champion; the second-best division champion plays the wild card team.
In international fencing competitions, it is common to have a group stage. Participants are divided in groups of 6–7 fencers who play a round-robin tournament, and a ranking is calculated from the consolidated group results. Single elimination is seeded from this ranking.
See also[edit]
Playoff berth
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Shorter Oxford English Dictionary (2002), Fifth Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford, Page 2737, ISBN 0-19-860457-2
Jump up ^ Beard, Robert. "seed". AlphaDictionary.com. Lexiteria. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
Jump up ^ Wimbledon: Novak vs Mayer in R1; Andy, Roger, Rafa all in bottom half, Novak Djokovic official website, 21 June 2013
Jump up ^ Wimbledon 2013: Men's matches to watch out for, The Roar, 22 June 2013
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seed_(sports)&oldid=837775010"
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List of Celebrity Big Brother (UK) housemates
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 21 April 2018.
Jump to: navigation, search
Celebrity Big Brother is a spin-off of the British reality television series Big Brother, broadcast in the UK and Ireland. Originally broadcast on Channel 4 and E4 and now broadcast on Channel 5 and 5Star, it involves a group of celebrities, called housemates, living in isolation from the outside world in a custom-built "house".[1][2][3][4] The actions of the participants are recorded constantly by microphones and cameras situated in each room.[2] Regularly, the housemates nominate two other members of the group each to face eviction; those with the most nominations face a public telephone vote, and the housemate who receives the most public votes is evicted.[2] This procedure continues until the final day, when the viewers vote for who of the remaining participants they want to win the programme.[3] Profits from premium-rate telephone votes are donated to charities such as Comic Relief, Centrepoint and Samaritans.[5][6]
Contents
[hide]
1 Programme
2 Housemates
2.1 Notes
2.2 Statistics
2.3 Deaths
3 Guests
4 International versions
5 References
6 External links
Programme[edit]
Twenty-one editions of Celebrity Big Brother have been made, involving a total of 262 housemates. The programme has been the centre of controversies over the actions and inclusion of some of its housemates. For instance, viewer and People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) complaints prompted Hertfordshire Police to remove a coat from the 2006 edition after Pete Burns claimed that it was made from gorilla fur and therefore against the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species agreement of 1975.[7][8] However, after an analysis at the Natural History Museum, it was later discovered that the coat was made from the fur of Colobus monkeys.[8] Fellow members of parliament criticised George Galloway's participation in the same series, stating that Galloway had missed important debates regarding his constituency, Bethnal Green and Bow, and rejecting claims that Galloway took part to raise political awareness amongst the British youth.[9] The family of Stuart Lubbock, a man who died in Michael Barrymore's swimming pool, criticised the programme makers for paying the entertainer £150,000 to participate on the programme.[10] The mental states of the contestants were called into question during the first series; psychologist Mark Griffiths highlighted behaviour displayed by Anthea Turner and Vanessa Feltz as examples of the negative effects of the programme.[11] Germaine Greer voluntarily left the 2005 series after accusing the producers of using "superior bullying" tactics against contestants; commentators such as Graham Norton have argued that the housemates are not "actual celebrities".[12][13] During the 2009 series, 527 viewers complained to Ofcom, the majority concerned about Coolio's conduct towards female contestants, but it was decided that the broadcaster's code was not breached.[14] Comments made by Heidi Fleiss also proved controversial during the final series to air on Channel 4 of the programme in 2010; she accused Ivana Trump of smuggling drugs onto the programme, a claim that Trump's spokesperson denied, and made comments about abortion that attracted criticism.[15][16]
During the 2007 series, comments directed to and made about Shilpa Shetty from Jade Goody, Danielle Lloyd, Jo O'Meara and Jack Tweed caused an international racism controversy.[17] The British and Indian governments commented on the issue, while Ofcom decreed that Channel 4 had been guilty of "serious editorial misjudgements" after 54,000 viewers claimed that Shetty had been the victim of racial discrimination.[18] The broadcaster was made to air a series of on-air apologies, and the programme was not included in Channel 4's 2008 schedule; it was replaced by Big Brother: Celebrity Hijack.[17][19] In 2009, Channel 4's director of television Kevin Lygo announced that Big Brother "had reached a natural end point" and the 2010 edition was the final celebrity series to air on the channel.[4][20] However, Channel 5 stated in April 2011 that it has signed a two-year deal with Endemol, the show's creators, to air both version of the programme for a reported £220m.[4] The series started on 18 August 2011 and former Big Brother winner Brian Dowling replaced Davina McCall as the programme's presenter.[4] Dowling presented the programme until January 2013, his final series being Celebrity Big Brother 11. Since the twelfth series of the show, Emma Willis has presented.
Housemates[edit]
Jack Dee won the first edition of the programme.[5]
Jade Goody's involvement in a racism controversy sparked an international debate in the 2007 edition.[21]
Alex Reid was the winner of the seventh and final Celebrity Big Brother to air on Channel 4.[22]
Atomic Kitten singer and reality television star Kerry Katona was the runner-up of the eighth series which was the first to air on Channel 5.[23]
Jeremy Jackson (left) was one of two contestants to be removed from the programme after breaching the rules in the fifteenth series. This was the first edition of Celebrity Big Brother to feature a housemate leaving the show in this manner.
Reality TV star, drag queen and singer Shane Jenek/Courtney Act is the most recent winner after winning the twenty-first series on 2 February 2018.
Winner
Runner-up
Third place
Walked/Illness
Ejected
Participating
Housemate entered for the second time
Series
Celebrity
Age[3]
Notability
Status
1 Jack Dee 38 Comedian 1st – Winner
1 Claire Sweeney 29 Actress 2nd – Runner-up
1 Keith Duffy 26 Singer and actor 3rd – Third place
1 Anthea Turner 40 Presenter 4th – Evicted
1 Vanessa Feltz 39 Broadcaster and journalist 5th – Evicted
1 Chris Eubank 35 Boxer 6th – Evicted
2 Mark Owen 30 Singer 1st – Winner
2 Les Dennis 48 Presenter and comedian 2nd – Runner-up
2 Melinda Messenger 31 Glamour model and presenter 3rd – Third place
2 Sue Perkins 33 Comedian and presenter 4th – Evicted
2 Anne Diamond 48 Journalist and presenter 5th – Evicted
2 Goldie 37 Musician, DJ and actor 6th – Evicted
3 Bez 40 Dancer and percussionist 1st – Winner
3 Kenzie 19 Rapper 2nd – Runner-up
3 Brigitte Nielsen 41 Actress and model 3rd – Third place
3 Jeremy Edwards 33 Actor 4th – Evicted
3 Caprice Bourret 33 Model and actress 5th – Evicted
3 Lisa I'Anson 39 Presenter 6th – Evicted
3 John McCririck 64 Horse racing pundit 7th – Evicted
3 Jackie Stallone 83 Mother of Sylvester Stallone 8th – Evicted
3 Germaine Greer 65 Feminist, academic and journalist 9th – Walked
4 Chantelle Houghton 22 Non-celebrity 1st – Winner
4 Michael Barrymore 53 Comedian and presenter 2nd – Runner-up
4 Maggot 24 Rapper 3rd – Third place
4 Preston 23 Singer 4th – Evicted
4 Pete Burns 46 Singer 5th – Evicted
4 Traci Bingham 37 Actress and model 6th – Evicted
4 Dennis Rodman 44 Basketball player 7th – Evicted
4 George Galloway 51 Politician and journalist 8th – Evicted
4 Rula Lenska 57 Actress 9th – Evicted
4 Faria Alam 39 Affair with Sven-Goran Eriksson 10th – Evicted
4 Jodie Marsh 27 Glamour model 11th – Evicted
5 Shilpa Shetty 31 Actress 1st – Winner
5 Jermaine Jackson 52 Jackson family member and singer 2nd – Runner-up
5 Dirk Benedict 61 Actor 3rd – Third place
5 Ian "H" Watkins 30 Singer 4th – Evicted
5 Danielle Lloyd 23 Glamour model and Miss Great Britain 5th – Evicted
5 Jack Tweed 19 Boyfriend of Jade Goody 6th – Evicted
5 Cleo Rocos 44 Actress 7th – Evicted
5 Jo O'Meara 27 Singer 8th – Evicted
5 Jade Goody 25 Reality TV star 9th – Evicted
5 Carole Malone 52 Journalist and broadcaster 10th – Evicted
5 Leo Sayer 58 Singer 11th – Walked
5 Jackiey Budden 48 Mother of Jade Goody 12th – Evicted
5 Ken Russell 79 Director 13th – Walked
5 Donny Tourette 22 Singer 14th – Walked
6 Ulrika Jonsson 41 Presenter 1st – Winner
6 Terry Christian 45 Presenter 2nd – Runner-up
6 Coolio 45 Musician 3rd – Third place
6 Verne Troyer 40 Actor 4th – Evicted
6 Ben Adams 27 Singer 5th – Evicted
6 Tommy Sheridan 44 Politician 6th – Evicted
6 La Toya Jackson 52 Jackson family member and singer 7th – Evicted
6 Michelle Heaton 28 Singer 8th – Evicted
6 Mutya Buena 23 Singer 9th – Walked
6 Tina Malone 45 Actress 10th – Evicted
6 Lucy Pinder 25 Glamour model 11th – Evicted
7 Alex Reid 34 Mixed martial artist 1st – Winner
7 Dane Bowers 30 Singer 2nd – Runner-up
7 Vinnie Jones 44 Actor and ex-footballer 3rd – Third place
7 Jonas Altberg 25 Singer, record producer and DJ 4th – Evicted
7 Stephanie Beacham 62 Actress 5th – Evicted
7 Nicola T 27 Glamour model 6th – Evicted
7 Ivana Trump 60 Model and socialite 7th – Evicted
7 Sisqó 31 Singer 8th – Evicted
7 Stephen Baldwin 43 Actor 9th – Evicted
7 Lady Sovereign 24 Rapper 10th – Evicted
7 Heidi Fleiss 44 Former pimp and TV personality 11th – Evicted
7 Katia Ivanova 21 Ex-girlfriend of Ronnie Wood 12th – Evicted
8 Paddy Doherty 52 Reality TV star 1st – Winner
8 Kerry Katona 30 Media personality and singer 2nd – Runner-up
8 Jedward 19 Singers 3rd – Third place
8 Amy Childs 21 Reality TV star 4th – Evicted
8 Lucien Laviscount 19 Actor 5th – Evicted
8 Darryn Lyons 45 Paparazzo 6th – Evicted
8 Bobby Sabel 25 Model 7th – Evicted
8 Tara Reid 35 Actress and model 8th – Evicted
8 Pamela Bach Hasselhoff 47 Actress, ex-wife of David Hasselhoff 9th – Evicted
8 Sally Bercow 41 Wife of John Bercow 10th – Evicted
9 Denise Welch 53 Actress and TV panellist 1st – Winner
9 Frankie Cocozza 18 Singer 2nd – Runner-up
9 Gareth Thomas 37 Rugby player 3rd – Third place
9 Michael Madsen 54 Actor, poet and photographer 4th – Evicted
9 Karissa and Kristina Shannon 22 Playboy playmates and glamour models 5th – Evicted
9 Romeo 31 Rapper 6th – Evicted
9 Nicola McLean 30 Glamour model and media personality 7th – Evicted
9 Natalie Cassidy 28 Actress and TV personality 8th – Evicted
9 Kirk Norcross 23 Reality TV star 9th – Evicted
9 Georgia Salpa 26 Model 10th – Evicted
9 Natasha Giggs 29 Affair with Ryan Giggs 11th – Evicted
9 Andrew Stone 39 Reality TV star 12th – Evicted
10 Julian Clary 53 Comedian 1st – Winner
10 Coleen Nolan 47 Singer and TV presenter 2nd – Runner-up
10 Martin Kemp 50 Singer and actor 3rd – Third place
10 The Situation 30 Reality TV star 4th – Evicted
10 Ashley McKenzie 21 Judoka 5th – Evicted
10 MC Harvey 33 Rapper 6th – Evicted
10 Julie Goodyear 70 Actress 7th – Evicted
10 Prince Lorenzo 40 Italian prince and entrepreneur 8th – Evicted
10 Danica Thrall 24 Glamour model and TV personality 9th – Evicted
10 Samantha Brick 41 Journalist and writer 10th – Evicted
10 Rhian Sugden 25 Glamour model 11th – Evicted
10 Cheryl Fergison 46 Actress 12th – Evicted
10 Jasmine Lennard 27 Fashion model 13th – Evicted
11 Rylan Clark 24 Singer 1st – Winner
11 Heidi Montag and
Spencer Pratt 26
29 Reality TV stars 2nd – Runner-up
11 Ryan Moloney 33 Actor 3rd – Third place
11 Claire Richards 35 Singer 4th – Evicted
11 Razor Ruddock 44 Ex-footballer and TV personality 5th – Evicted
11 Tricia Penrose 42 Actress and singer 6th – Evicted
11 Frankie Dettori 42 Jockey 7th – Evicted
11 Gillian Taylforth 57 Actress 8th – Evicted
11 Lacey Banghard 19 Glamour model 9th – Evicted
11 Sam Robertson 27 Actor 10th – Evicted
11 Paula Hamilton 51 Supermodel 11th – Evicted
12 Charlotte Crosby 23 Reality TV star 1st – Winner
12 Abz Love 34 Singer 2nd – Runner-up
12 Lauren Harries 35 Media personality 3rd – Third place
12 Carol McGiffin 53 TV presenter and journalist 4th – Evicted
12 Mario Falcone 25 Reality TV star 5th – Evicted
12 Vicky Entwistle 44 Actress 6th – Evicted
12 Louie Spence 44 Dancer and TV personality 7th – Evicted
12 Courtney Stodden 18 TV and media personality 8th – Evicted
12 Bruce Jones 60 Actor 9th – Evicted
12 Dustin Diamond 36 Actor 10th – Evicted
12 Sophie Anderton 36 Model and reality TV star 11th – Evicted
12 Ron Atkinson 74 Former football manager and pundit 12th – Evicted
12 Danielle Marr 33 Reality TV star 13th – Evicted
13 Jim Davidson 60 Comedian and TV presenter 1st – Winner
13 Dappy 26 Rapper 2nd – Runner-up
13 Ollie Locke 26 Reality TV star 3rd – Third place
13 Luisa Zissman 26 Reality TV star 4th – Evicted
13 Sam Faiers 23 Reality TV star 5th – Evicted
13 Casey Batchelor 29 Glamour model 6th – Evicted
13 Lee Ryan 30 Singer 7th – Evicted
13 Linda Nolan 54 Singer 8th – Evicted
13 Liz Jones 55 Journalist and columnist 9th – Evicted
13 Lionel Blair 85 Actor 10th – Evicted
13 Jasmine Waltz 31 US media personality 11th – Evicted
13 Evander Holyfield 51 Boxer 12th – Evicted
14 Gary Busey 70 Actor 1st – Winner
14 Audley Harrison 42 Heavyweight boxer 2nd – Runner-up
14 James Jordan 36 Professional dancer 3rd – Third place
14 George Gilbey 30 Reality TV star 4th – Evicted
14 Dee Kelly 43 Reality TV star 5th – Evicted
14 Edele Lynch 35 Singer 6th – Evicted
14 Lauren Goodger 27 Reality TV star 7th – Evicted
14 Ricci Guarnaccio 27 Reality TV star 8th – Evicted
14 Kellie Maloney 61 Boxing manager and former UKIP politician 9th – Evicted
14 Stephanie Pratt 28 Reality TV star 10th – Evicted
14 Frenchy 38 Model, actress and TV personality 11th – Evicted
14 Claire King 52 Actress 12th – Walked
14 Leslie Jordan 59 Actor 13th – Evicted
14 David McIntosh 28 Model and Kelly Brook's fiancé 14th – Evicted
15 Katie Price 36 TV personality and glamour model 1st – Winner
15 Katie Hopkins 39 TV personality and columnist 2nd – Runner-up
15 Calum Best 33 Model and TV personality 3rd – Third place
15 Keith Chegwin 57 Actor and presenter 4th – Evicted
15 Michelle Visage 46 Singer and presenter 5th – Evicted
15 Perez Hilton 36 Blogger and TV personality 6th – Evicted
15 Kavana 37 Singer 7th – Evicted
15 Cami-Li 26 Model 8th – Evicted
15 Nadia Sawalha 50 Actress and presenter 9th – Evicted
15 Patsy Kensit 46 Actress 10th – Evicted
15 Alicia Douvall 35 Media personality 11th – Evicted
15 Alexander O'Neal 61 Singer 12th – Walked
15 Chloe Goodman 21 Reality TV star 13th – Evicted
15 Ken Morley 72 Actor 14th – Ejected
15 Jeremy Jackson 34 Actor 15th – Ejected
16 James Hill 28 Reality TV star 1st – Winner
16 Austin Armacost 27 Reality TV star 2nd – Runner-up
16 Natasha Hamilton 33 Singer 3rd – Third place
16 Bobby Davro 56 Comedian 4th – Evicted
16 Stevi Ritchie and
Chloe-Jasmine Whichello 34
25 Singers and Reality TV stars 5th – Evicted
16 Sherrie Hewson 64 Actress 6th – Evicted
16 Janice Dickinson 60 Model 7th – Evicted
16 Jenna Jameson 41 Porn star 8th – Evicted
16 Farrah Abraham 24 Reality TV star 9th – Evicted
16 Gail Porter 44 TV presenter 10th – Evicted
16 Fatman Scoop 35 Rapper 11th – Evicted
16 Chris Ellison 68 Actor 12th – Evicted
16 Daniel Baldwin 54 Actor 13th – Evicted
16 Tila Tequila 33 Internet personality and reality TV star 14th – Ejected
17 Scotty T 27 Reality TV star 1st – Winner
17 Stephanie Davis 22 Actress 2nd – Runner-up
17 Darren Day 47 Actor and singer 3rd – Third place
17 Tiffany Pollard 33 Reality TV star 4th – Evicted
17 Danniella Westbrook 42 Actress 5th – Evicted
17 John Partridge 44 Actor 6th – Evicted
17 Gemma Collins 34 Reality TV star 7th – Evicted
17 Jeremy McConnell 25 Reality TV star and model 8th – Evicted
17 Christopher Maloney 38 Singer 9th – Evicted
17 Megan McKenna 23 Reality TV star 10th – Evicted
17 Kristina Rihanoff 38 Professional dancer 11th – Evicted
17 Angie Bowie 66 Ex-wife of David Bowie 12th – Walked
17 David Gest 62 Producer and TV personality 13th – Walked
17 Nancy Dell'Olio 54 Ex-girlfriend of Sven-Göran Eriksson 14th – Evicted
17 Jonathan Cheban 42 Reality TV star 15th – Walked
17 Winston McKenzie 59 Former boxer and UKIP candidate 16th – Evicted
18 Stephen Bear 26 Reality TV star 1st – Winner
18 Ricky Norwood 28 Actor 2nd – Runner-up
18 Renee Graziano 47 Reality TV star 3rd – Third place
18 Marnie Simpson 24 Reality TV star 4th – Evicted
18 Aubrey O'Day 32 Singer and reality TV star 5th – Evicted
18 Frankie Grande 33 Internet personality and half-brother of Ariana Grande 6th – Evicted
18 Samantha Fox 50 Model and singer 7th – Evicted
18 Katie Waissel 30 Singer 8th – Evicted
18 James Whale 65 Radio broadcaster 9th – Evicted
18 Lewis Bloor 26 Reality TV star 10th – Evicted
18 Heavy D 43 Reality TV star 11th – Evicted
18 Chloe Khan 25 Media personality 12th – Evicted
18 Saira Khan 46 TV presenter 13th – Evicted
18 Grant Bovey 55 Media personality and ex-husband of Anthea Turner 14th – Evicted
18 Christopher Biggins 67 Actor and TV presenter 15th – Ejected
19 Coleen Nolan 51 Singer, TV presenter and CBB10 housemate 1st – Winner
19 Jedward 24 Singers and CBB8 housemates 2nd – Runner-up
19 Kim Woodburn 74 Television presenter and expert cleaner 3rd – Third place
19 James Cosmo 68 Actor 4th – Evicted
19 Nicola McLean 35 Model, media personality and CBB9 housemate 5th – Evicted
19 Bianca Gascoigne 30 Model and TV personality 6th – Evicted
19 Calum Best 35 Model, TV personality and CBB15 housemate 7th – Evicted
19 Jamie O'Hara 30 Footballer 8th – Evicted
19 Heidi Montag and
Spencer Pratt 30
33 Reality TV stars and CBB11 housemates 9th – Evicted
19 Jessica Cunningham 29 Reality TV star 10th – Evicted
19 Stacy Francis 47 Singer and reality TV star 11th – Evicted
19 Chloe Ferry 21 Reality TV star 12th – Evicted
19 James Jordan 38 Professional dancer and CBB14 housemate 13th – Evicted
19 Jasmine Waltz 34 US media personality and CBB13 housemate 14th – Evicted
19 Austin Armacost 28 Reality TV star and CBB16 housemate 15th – Evicted
19 Angie Best 64 Model and ex-wife of George Best 16th – Evicted
19 Brandon Block 49 DJ 17th – Walked
19 Ray J 35 Singer and TV personality 18th – Walked
20 Sarah Harding 35 Singer and actress 1st – Winner
20 Amelia Lily 22 Singer and actress 2nd – Runner-up
20 Sam Thompson 24 Reality TV star 3rd – Third place
20 Derek Acorah 67 Spiritual medium 4th – Evicted
20 Chad Johnson 29 Reality TV star 5th – Evicted
20 Jemma Lucy 29 Reality TV star 6th – Evicted
20 Shaun Williamson 51 Actor 7th – Evicted
20 Helen Lederer 62 Comedian and actress 8th – Evicted
20 Sandi Bogle 52 Reality TV star 9th – Evicted
20 Paul Danan 39 Actor 10th – Evicted
20 Brandi Glanville 44 Reality TV star 11th – Evicted
20 Jordan Davies 25 Reality TV star 12th – Evicted
20 Trisha Paytas 29 Internet personality 13th – Walked
20 Karthik Nagesan 34 Reality TV star 14th – Evicted
20 Marissa Jade 32 Reality TV star 15th – Evicted
21 Shane Jenek/Courtney Act 35 Reality TV star, drag queen and singer 1st – Winner
21 Ann Widdecombe 70 Politician 2nd – Runner-up
21 Shane Lynch 41 Singer 3rd – Third place
21 Jess Impiazzi 28 Reality TV star 4th – Evicted
21 Wayne Sleep 69 Dancer 5th – Evicted
21 Amanda Barrie 82 Actress 6th – Evicted
21 Malika Haqq 34 Reality TV star 7th – Evicted
21 Ashley James 30 Reality TV star 8th – Evicted
21 Daniel O'Reilly 33 Comedian 9th – Evicted
21 Jonny Mitchell 26 Reality TV star 10th – Evicted
21 Andrew Brady 27 Reality TV star 11th – Evicted
21 Ginuwine 47 Singer 12th – Evicted
21 John Barnes 54 Footballer 13th – Evicted
21 Maggie Oliver 62 Detective constable 14th – Evicted
21 Rachel Johnson 52 Journalist and presenter 15th – Evicted
21 India Willoughby 52 Newsreader 16th – Evicted
Notes[edit]
^ Ages at the time the celebrity entered the house
Statistics[edit]
Number of housemates: 263
Male housemates: 125
Female housemates: 132
Two competing as one housemate: 6 (2 male pairs, 1 female pair, 3 mixed pairs)
Male winners: 13 (Latest: Shane Jenek – Celebrity Big Brother 21)
Female winners: 8 (Latest: Sarah Harding – Celebrity Big Brother 20)
Walks: 13 (Latest: Trisha Paytas – Celebrity Big Brother 20)
Ejections: 4 (Latest: Christopher Biggins – Celebrity Big Brother 18)
First to enter: Anthea Turner (Celebrity Big Brother 1)
Last to enter: Ginuwine (Celebrity Big Brother 21)
Last out: Shane Jenek/Courtney Act (Winner) (Celebrity Big Brother 21)
Biggest winning percentage: 77% to win – Mark Owen (Celebrity Big Brother 2)
Closest winning percentage: 54% to win – Bez (Celebrity Big Brother 3)
Biggest eviction percentage: 82% to evict – Jade Goody (Celebrity Big Brother 5)
Closest eviction percentage: 50.6% to evict – Anne Diamond (Celebrity Big Brother 2)
Most nominations: 24 nominations – Gary Busey (Celebrity Big Brother 14)
Most nominations in a single week: 11 nominations – James Whale (Celebrity Big Brother 18)
Most times up for eviction: 5 times* – Jim Davidson, Liz Jones, Luisa Zissman (Celebrity Big Brother 13), Gary Busey (Celebrity Big Brother 14), Stevi Ritchie and Chloe-Jasmine Whichello (Celebrity Big Brother 16), Stephen Bear (Celebrity Big Brother 18), Jedward (Celebrity Big Brother 19)
Most nominations from a winner: 24 nominations – Gary Busey (Celebrity Big Brother 14)
Least nominations from a winner: 0 nominations – Paddy Doherty (Celebrity Big Brother 8)
Most nominations from a finalist: 24 nominations – Gary Busey (Celebrity Big Brother 14)
Least nominations from a finalist: 0 nominations – Vinnie Jones (Celebrity Big Brother 7), Paddy Doherty, Kerry Katona, Jedward, Amy Childs (Celebrity Big Brother 8), Casey Batchelor (Celebrity Big Brother 13), Amelia Lily (Celebrity Big Brother 20), Jess Impiazzi (Celebrity Big Brother 21)
*Heidi and Spencer (Celebrity Big Brother 11 and Celebrity Big Brother 19) were up for eviction a combined total of 6 times during their two appearances.
Deaths[edit]
2009
22 March – Jade Goody, Big Brother 3, Big Brother Panto and Celebrity Big Brother 5, Bigg Boss 2 housemate. (b. 1981)
2011
27 November – Ken Russell, Celebrity Big Brother 5 housemate. (b. 1927)
2016
12 April – David Gest, Celebrity Big Brother 17 housemate. (b. 1953)
23 October – Pete Burns, Celebrity Big Brother 4 housemate. (b. 1959)
2017
11 December – Keith Chegwin, Celebrity Big Brother 15 housemate. (b. 1957)
2018
21 April — Verne Troyer, Celebrity Big Brother 6 housemate. (b. 1969)
Guests[edit]
On some occasions, celebrities have entered the house for a short period of time as guests.
Series
Celebrity
Notability
Ref(s)
4 Jimmy Savile Television presenter [24]
5 John and Sylvia Caddock Parents of Jackiey Budden, grandparents of Jade Goody [25][26]
6 Michelle Marsh Glamour model [27]
Michael Barrymore TV presenter, comedian and CBB4 housemate
Chesney Hawkes Singer
Alice Barry Shameless actress
Rebecca Ryan
Nikki Grahame BB7 housemate [28]
7 Barry Fry Football manager [29]
Edward Lionel Richie impersonator [30]
Davina McCall TV presenter (Big Brother and Celebrity Big Brother) [31]
8 Mohamed Al-Fayed Businessman [32]
Marco Pierre White Chef [33]
Christopher Mintz-Plasse Actor [34]
Anton Yelchin Actor
9 Jodie Marsh Glamour model and CBB4 housemate [35]
Jedward Singers and CBB8 housemates [36]
Aldo Zilli Chef [37]
10 Marilyn Galsworthy Actress and Jasmine Lennard's mother [38]
11 Paula Hamilton Supermodel and ex-housemate [39]
Jamie East TV presenter [40]
12 Doug Hutchison Actor and Courtney Stodden's husband [41]
Vanessa Feltz Broadcaster, journalist and CBB1 and UBB housemate [42]
Rylan Clark TV personality, CBB11 housemate and Bit on the Side host [43]
Danielle Marr Reality TV star and ex-housemate
Sophie Anderton Model, reality TV star and ex-housemate
13 Antony Costa Members of Blue [44]
Duncan James
Simon Webbe
Jasmine Waltz US media personality, ex-housemate [45]
Emma Willis TV presenter (Big Brother and Celebrity Big Brother) [46]
15 Emma Willis TV presenter (Big Brother and Celebrity Big Brother) [47]
Eamonn Holmes TV presenter [48]
James Jordan Professional dancer and CBB14 housemate
16 Paul Burrell Former British Royal Household servant [49]
Jennie Bond Journalist and TV presenter [50]
Emma Willis TV presenter (Big Brother and Celebrity Big Brother) [51]
Eamonn Holmes Television presenter [52]
17 Gillian McKeith Nutritionist, author and television presenter [53]
Vanessa Feltz Broadcaster, Journalist and CBB1 and UBB housemate [54]
Luisa Zissman Reality TV star and CBB13 housemate [54]
Megan McKenna Reality TV star and ex-housemate [54]
Rylan Clark TV personality, CBB11 housemate and Bit on the Side host [55]
Vicky Pattison Reality TV star [56]
Joe Swash Actor
18 Emma Willis TV presenter (Big Brother and Celebrity Big Brother) [57]
Sophie Kasaei Reality TV star [58]
Lillie Lexie Gregg Media personality and Reality TV star [59]
19 Austin Armacost Reality TV star and ex-housemate [60]
John McCririck Horse racing pundit and CBB3 and UBB housemate
Luisa Zissman Reality TV star and CBB13 housemate
Saira Khan TV presenter and CBB18 housemate
Vanessa Feltz Broadcaster, journalist and CBB1 and UBB housemate
International versions[edit]
Name
Celebrity Big Brother UK history
Big Brother International history
Series
Status
Country
Series
Season(s)
Status
Brandi Glanville Celebrity Big Brother 20 Evicted – 11th place America Celebrity Big Brother Celebrity Big Brother 1 Evicted – 7th place
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Top TV shows of the noughties". The Guardian. London. 28 July 2009. Retrieved 14 August 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Rules". Channel 4. 5 June 2008. Archived from the original on 14 July 2009. Retrieved 14 August 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "Big Brother win for Rachel Rice". BBC. 6 September 2008. Retrieved 14 August 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Bailey, Fiona (18 August 2011). "Why is Channel 5 bothering with Big Brother?". London: BBC. Retrieved 19 August 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Dee big winner of Big Brother". BBC. 17 March 2001. Retrieved 19 August 2009.
Jump up ^ "Owen wins Celebrity Big Brother". BBC. 29 November 2002. Retrieved 19 August 2009.
Jump up ^ Naughton, Philippe (19 January 2006). "Police feel fluffy collar of Pete Burns". London: The Times. Retrieved 19 August 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "Big Brother coat not gorilla fur". BBC. 20 January 2006. Retrieved 19 August 2009.
Jump up ^ "Big Brother Galloway criticised". BBC. 6 January 2006. Retrieved 19 August 2009.
Jump up ^ "Galloway joins Big Brother house". BBC. 6 January 2006. Retrieved 20 August 2009.
Jump up ^ Fox, Isobel. "Is Big Brother bad for you?". London: Daily Mail. Retrieved 20 August 2009.
Jump up ^ Bishop, Tom (12 January 2005). "Has reality TV become too cruel?". BBC. Retrieved 20 August 2009.
Jump up ^ Hanks, Robert (21 November 2002). "First Night: Celebrity Big Brother, Channel 4". London: The Independent. Retrieved 20 August 2009.
Jump up ^ "Celebrity Big Brother cleared by Ofcom". London: The Independent. 27 May 2009. Retrieved 20 August 2009.
Jump up ^ Harmsworth, Andrei (26 January 2010). "Celebrity Big Brother star Heidi Fleiss reveals her drugs hell". Metro. Retrieved 27 January 2010.
Jump up ^ "Celebrity Big Brother viewers turn on Hollywood madam Heidi Fleiss as she rants: 'Thank God for abortion'". London: Daily Mail. 5 January 2010. Retrieved 27 January 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Gibson, Owen (25 May 2007). "C4 to air Big Brother racism apologies". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 20 August 2009.
Jump up ^ Byrne, Ciar (25 August 2007). "Channel 4 to drop 'Celebrity Big Brother' from 2008 schedules". London: The Independent. Retrieved 20 August 2009. [dead link]
Jump up ^ Noah, Sherna (22 December 2007). "Celebrities take control in Big Brother spin-off show". The Scotsman. Retrieved 20 August 2009.
Jump up ^ Sheridan, Emily (29 January 2010). "Celebrity Big Brother: Alex Reid beats Dane Bowers to be crowned show's last ever winner". London: Daily Mail. Retrieved 29 January 2010.
Jump up ^ Danahar, Paul (22 January 2007). "Big Brother row points to mature India". BBC. Retrieved 19 August 2009.
Jump up ^ "Celebrity Big Brother 2010 line-up". BBC. 4 January 2010. Retrieved 5 January 2010.
Jump up ^ "Celebrity Big Brother 2011: Newlywed Tara Reid leaves new hubby behind as she enters the house". London: Daily Mail. 19 August 2011. Retrieved 19 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Zendle, Miriam (14 January 2006). "Sir Jimmy Savile enters the house". Digital Spy. Retrieved 20 August 2009.
Jump up ^ "Jade Goody 'has emergency operation to remove life-threatening tumour'". London: Daily Mail. 8 February 2009. Retrieved 21 August 2009.
Jump up ^ Welsh, James (7 January 2007). "Jade Goody's grandparents to enter house". Digital Spy. Retrieved 21 August 2009.
Jump up ^ "Celebrity Big Brother housemates fail 'paparazzi' task". London: The Daily Telegraph. 8 January 2009. Retrieved 21 August 2009.
Jump up ^ Clare, Paul (9 January 2009). "Celebrities fail to recognise Nikki". Digital Spy. Retrieved 21 August 2009.
Jump up ^ Grieves, Jen (17 January 2010). "Celebrities ponder Barry Fry appearance". Digital Spy. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
Jump up ^ Davina McCall, Marcus Bentley, Jonas Altberg, Stephanie Beacham, Dane Bowers, Vinnie Jones, Alex Reid, Nicola T, Ivana Trump (27 January 2009). "Celebrity Big Brother". Celebrity Big Brother. Season 7. Channel 4.
Jump up ^ Stephens, Heidi (27 January 2010). "Celebrity Big Brother: eviction night liveblog from 9pm". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 28 January 2010.
Jump up ^ Thompson, Jody (21 August 2011). "That's a wrap! Jedward invent new dance while dressed in bandages for 'mummy task' as Mohamed Al Fayed makes guest appearance in the house". London: The Daily Mail. Retrieved 27 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Daniels, Colin (27 August 2011). "Celebrity Big Brother: Marco Pierre White sets cooking task". Digital Spy. Retrieved 28 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Fletcher, Alex (30 August 2011). "'Fright Night' stars Christopher Mintz-Plasse, Anton Yelchin enter Celebrity Big Brother". Digital Spy. Retrieved 30 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Mendoza, Nadia (7 January 2012). "The clothes are off again! Housemates strip off to lather on the fake tan for bodybuilding task... as muscly Jodie Marsh enters house". Daily Mail. London.
Jump up ^ Sheridan, Emily (10 January 2012). "Room for another pair of twins? Jedward make a return to Celebrity Big Brother as cheeky cherubs in secret task". Daily Mail. London.
Jump up ^ [1][dead link]
Jump up ^ Harp, Justin (25 August 2012). "CBB: Jasmine Lennard's mum Marilyn fails secret task". Digital Spy. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
Jump up ^ http://www.bbspy.co.uk/cbb11/news/0123/more-outside-contact-in-viewers-venom-task-opinions-celeb-bb-2013
Jump up ^ http://www.bbspy.co.uk/cbb11/news/0123/more-outside-contact-in-viewers-venom-task-opinions-celeb-bb-2013
Jump up ^ [2]
Jump up ^ "Vanessa Feltz, Danielle, Sophie to visit Celeb BB house". bbspy. 6 September 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Day 19: Big Brother's Bitchfest". Archived from the original on 15 September 2013. Retrieved 9 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Lee, Ben (25 January 2014). "Celebrity Big Brother: Blue enter house to perform 'One Love'". Digital Spy. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Lee, Ben (26 January 2014). "Jasmine Waltz re-enters CBB house to confront Casey, Lee". Digital Spy. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Emma Willis enters Celeb BB house to evict Lee Ryan". bbspy. 26 January 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Lee, Ben (2 February 2015). "Celebrity Big Brother: Live Bombshell to include shock eviction". Digital Spy. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Harp, Justin (4 February 2015). "Celebrity Big Brother: Eamonn Holmes enters the house for debate task". Digital Spy. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Paul Burrell joining Celeb BB for Royal Family task". bbspy. 1 September 2015. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Day 7: Watch the sabotaged royal interview". Channel 5. 2 September 2015. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Moir, Sophia (18 September 2015). "Celebrity Big Brother's Farrah Abraham given the boot by fellow housemate Austin Armacost in shock eviction twist... as she slams James for being 'fake' and a 'sleaze'". Daily Mail. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Harp, Justin (23 September 2015). "Celebrity Big Brother: Eamonn Holmes enters the house, as UK and USA go head to head one last time". Digital Spy. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Hegarty, Tasha (26 January 2016). "Celebrity Big Brother: Gillian McKeith confirmed as tonight's special house guest". Digital Spy. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Danniella 'left Celeb BB house to get veneers fitted'". bbspy. 4 February 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "What the housemates did when BOTS entered the House - Day 31". Retrieved 19 March 2016.
Jump up ^ "Celebrity Big Brother's Bit on the Side to air LIVE from the house tonight!". TellyMix. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
Jump up ^ Chloe Khan EVICTED from Celebrity Big Brother after Emma Willis enters the house LIVE - Mirror Online
Jump up ^ Sophie Kasaei to 'warn Marnie Simpson away from Lewis Bloor' when she ENTERS the Celebrity Big Brother house - Mirror Online
Jump up ^ Celebrity Big Brother 2016: Lillie Lexie Gregg enters house to confront Stephen Bear
Jump up ^ Celebrity Big Brother brings back iconic housemates to appraise the house in courtroom task
External links[edit]
Official website
Celebrity Big Brother on IMDb
Celebrity Big Brother at TV.com
[hide]
v
t
e
Big Brother (UK)
Big Brother
Series
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Housemates
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
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15
16
17
18
Winners
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Brian Dowling
Kate Lawler
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Nadia Almada
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Pete Bennett
Brian Belo
Rachel Rice
Sophie Reade
Josie Gibson
Aaron Allard-Morgan
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Sam Evans
Helen Wood
Chloe Wilburn
Jason Burrill
Isabelle Warburton
Other housemates
Anna Nolan
Nick Bateman
Helen Adams
Jade Goody
Alison Hammond
Jon Tickle
Michelle Bass
Derek Laud
Aisleyne Horgan-Wallace
Richard Newman
Nikki Grahame
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Celebrity Big Brother
Series
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
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21
Winners
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Mark Owen
Bez
Chantelle Houghton
Shilpa Shetty
Ulrika Jonsson
Alex Reid
Paddy Doherty
Denise Welch
Julian Clary
Rylan Clark
Charlotte Crosby
Jim Davidson
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Scotty T
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Other housemates
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Special
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Celebrity Hijack
Ultimate
Related articles
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Elementfour
Celebrity Big Brother racism controversy
Dead Set
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Category:Countries in Africa
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The main article for this category is List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Countries of Africa.
Africa portal
For convenience, all countries in Africa should be included in this category. This includes all the countries (not territories or former countries) that can also be found in the subcategories.
Subcategories
This category has the following 68 subcategories, out of 68 total.
► Countries in Africa by region (8 C)
► Lists of countries in Africa (33 C, 10 P)
► Economies of Africa by country (58 C)
► Fauna of Africa by country (38 C)
► Geography of Africa by country (61 C, 1 P)
► History of Africa by country (62 C, 10 P)
► Sport in Africa by country (59 C)
► Transport in Africa by country (65 C)
*
► Fictional African countries (1 C, 16 P)
► Former countries in Africa (44 C, 424 P)
A
► Algeria (14 C, 6 P)
► Angola (14 C, 4 P)
B
► Benin (14 C, 4 P)
► Botswana (14 C, 3 P)
► Burkina Faso (14 C, 8 P)
► Burundi (14 C, 4 P)
C
► Cameroon (14 C, 9 P)
► Cape Verde (15 C, 4 P)
► Central African Republic (14 C, 8 P)
► Chad (14 C, 8 P)
► Comoros (14 C, 6 P)
► Democratic Republic of the Congo (15 C, 10 P)
► Republic of the Congo (14 C, 6 P)
D
► Djibouti (14 C, 5 P)
E
► Egypt (15 C, 8 P)
► Equatorial Guinea (14 C, 4 P)
► Eritrea (14 C, 8 P)
► Ethiopia (16 C, 16 P)
G
► Gabon (14 C, 6 P)
► The Gambia (14 C, 6 P)
► Ghana (15 C, 14 P)
► Guinea (14 C, 4 P)
► Guinea-Bissau (13 C, 4 P)
I
► Ivory Coast (14 C, 5 P)
K
► Kenya (14 C, 11 P)
L
► Lesotho (14 C, 5 P)
► Liberia (14 C, 6 P)
► Libya (14 C, 10 P)
M
► Madagascar (14 C, 5 P)
► Malawi (14 C, 6 P)
► Mali (14 C, 7 P)
► Mauritania (14 C, 5 P)
► Mauritius (15 C, 10 P)
► Morocco (14 C, 12 P)
► Mozambique (14 C, 7 P)
N
► Namibia (15 C, 11 P)
► Niger (14 C, 5 P)
► Nigeria (15 C, 37 P)
R
► Rwanda (14 C, 13 P)
S
► Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (7 C, 20 P)
► Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (12 C, 6 P)
► São Tomé and Príncipe (14 C, 4 P)
► Senegal (14 C, 7 P)
► Seychelles (14 C, 6 P)
► Sierra Leone (15 C, 7 P)
► Somalia (15 C, 7 P, 3 F)
► Somaliland (12 C, 16 P)
► South Africa (15 C, 11 P)
► South Sudan (14 C, 43 P)
► Sudan (14 C, 16 P)
► Swaziland (14 C, 5 P)
T
► Tanzania (15 C, 10 P)
► Togo (14 C, 5 P)
► Tunisia (14 C, 6 P)
U
► Uganda (13 C, 10 P)
W
► Western Sahara (14 C, 9 P)
Z
► Zambia (14 C, 10 P)
► Zimbabwe (15 C, 9 P)
Pages in category "Countries in Africa"
The following 62 pages are in this category, out of 62 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more).
.
Flags of Africa
*
List of African countries by highest point
List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa
A
Algeria
Angola
B
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
C
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo
D
Djibouti
E
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
G
Gabon
The Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
I
Ivory Coast
K
Kenya
L
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
M
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Morocco
Mozambique
N
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
R
Réunion
Rwanda
S
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
São Tomé and Príncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
Somaliland
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
T
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
U
Uganda
Z
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Countries_in_Africa&oldid=807155342"
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text:
Henry Francis Lyte
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other persons with similar names, see Henry Lyte (disambiguation).
Rev. Henry Francis Lyte
Henry Francis Lyte (1 June 1793 – 20 November 1847) was an Anglican divine, hymnodist, and poet.
Contents
[hide]
1 Biography
1.1 Youth and education
1.2 Religious conversion
1.3 Early career and marriage
1.4 Brixham
1.5 Character and personality
1.6 Decline and death
2 Works
3 Significance
4 References
5 External links
Biography[edit]
Youth and education[edit]
Henry Francis Lyte was the second son of Thomas and Anna Maria (née Oliver) Lyte.[1] He was born at Ednam, near Kelso, Scotland.[2] Lyte's father was described as a "ne-er do-well ... more interested in fishing and shooting than in facing up to his family responsibilities".[3] He deserted the family shortly after making arrangements for his two oldest sons to attend Portora Royal School in Enniskillen, County Fermanagh; and Anna moved to London, where both she and her youngest son died.
The headmaster at Portora, Dr. Robert Burrowes, recognised Henry Lyte's ability, paid the boy’s fees, and "welcomed him into his own family during the holidays." Lyte was effectively an adopted son.[4]
Religious conversion[edit]
After studying at Trinity College, Dublin and with very limited training for the ministry, Lyte took Anglican holy orders in 1815, and for some time he held a curacy in Taghmon near Wexford. Lyte's "sense of vocation was vague at this early stage. Perhaps he felt an indefinable desire to do something good in life."[5] However, in about 1816, Lyte experienced an evangelical conversion. In attendance on a dying priest, the latter convinced Lyte that both had earlier been mistaken in not having taken the Epistles of St. Paul "in their plain and literal sense." Lyte began to study the Bible "and preach in another manner," following the example of four or five local clergymen whom he had previously laughed at and considered "enthusiastic rhapsodists."[6]
Early career and marriage[edit]
In 1817 Lyte became a curate in Marazion, Cornwall, and there met and married Anne Maxwell, daughter of a well-known Scottish-Irish family. She was 31, seven years older than her husband and a "keen Methodist."[7] Furthermore, she "could not match her husband's good looks and personal charm." Nevertheless, the marriage was happy and successful. Ann eventually made Lyte's situation more comfortable by contributing her family fortune, and she was an excellent manager of the house and finances.[8] They had two daughters and three sons, one of whom was the chemist and photographer Farnham Maxwell-Lyte. A grandson was the well known historian Sir Henry Churchill Maxwell-Lyte.[9]
From 1820 to 1822 the Lytes lived in Sway, Hampshire. Itself only five miles from the sea, the house in Sway was the only one the couple shared during their marriage that was neither on a river or by the sea. At Sway Lyte lost a month-old daughter and wrote his first book, later published as Tales In Verse Illustrative of the Several Petitions of the Lord's Prayer (1826).[10] In 1822 the Lytes moved to Dittisham, Devon, on the River Dart and then, after Lyte had regained some measure of health, to the small parish of Charleton.[11]
Brixham[edit]
About April 1824, Lyte left Charleton for Lower Brixham, a Devon fishing village.[12] Almost immediately, Lyte joined the schools committee, and two months later he became its chairman. Also in 1824, Lyte established the first Sunday school in the Torbay area and created a Sailors' Sunday School. Although religious instruction was given there, the primary object of both was educating children and seamen for whom other schooling was virtually impossible. Each year Lyte organised an Annual Treat for the 800-1000 Sunday school children, which included a short religious service followed by tea and sports in the field.[13]
Shortly after Lyte's arrival in Brixham, the minister attracted such large crowds that the church had to be enlarged—the resulting structure later described by his grandson as "a hideous barn-like building."[14] Lyte added to his clerical income by taking resident pupils into his home, including the blind brother of Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, later British prime minister.[15] About 1830, Lyte made excavations at nearby Ash Hole Cavern, where he discovered pottery and human remains.[16][17]
Character and personality[edit]
An older Henry Francis Lyte.
Lyte was a tall and "unusually handsome" man, "slightly eccentric but of great personal charm, a man noted for his wit and human understanding, a born poet and an able scholar." He was an expert flute player and according to his great-grandson always had his flute with him.[18] Lyte spoke Latin, Greek, and French; enjoyed discussing literature; and was knowledgeable about wild flowers.[19] At Berry Head House, a former military hospital at Berry Head, Lyte built a magnificent library [1]—largely of theology and old English poetry—described in his obituary as "one of the most extensive and valuable in the West of England."[20]
Nevertheless, Lyte was also able to identify with his parish of fishermen, visiting them at their homes and on board their ships in harbour, supplying every vessel with a Bible, and compiling songs and a manual of devotions for use at sea.[21] In theology Lyte was a conservative evangelical who believed that man's nature was totally corrupt. Lyte frequently rose at 6 AM and prayed for two or more hours before breakfast.[22]
In politics, Lyte was a Conservative who feared revolt among the irreligious poor.[23] He publicly opposed Catholic Emancipation by speaking against it in several Devon towns, stating that he preferred Catholics to be "emancipated from priests and from the power of the factious and turbulent demagogues of Ireland."[24] Lyte, a friend of Samuel Wilberforce, also opposed slavery, organising an 1833 petition to Parliament requesting it be abolished in Great Britain.[25]
Decline and death[edit]
In poor health throughout his life, Lyte suffered various respiratory illnesses and often visited continental Europe in attempts to check their progress. In 1835 Lyte sought appointment as the vicar of Crediton but was rejected because of his increasingly debilitating asthma and bronchitis.[26] In 1839, when only 46, Lyte wrote a poem entitled "Declining Days."[27] Lyte also grew discouraged when numbers of his congregation (including in 1846, nearly his entire choir) left him for Dissenter congregations, especially the Plymouth Brethren, after Lyte expressed High Church sympathies and leaned towards the Oxford Movement.[28]
By the 1840s, Lyte was spending much of his time in the warmer climates of France and Italy, making written suggestions about the conduct of his family's financial affairs after his death. When his daughter was married to his senior curate, Lyte did not perform the ceremony.[29] Lyte complained of weakness and incessant coughing spasms, and he mentions medical treatments of blistering, bleeding, calomel, tartar emetic, and "large doses" of Prussic acid.[30] Yet his friends found him buoyant, cheerful, and keenly interested in affairs of the Europe around him.[31] Lyte spent the summer of 1847 at Berry Head then, after one final sermon to his congregation on the subject of the Holy Communion, he left again for Italy. He died on 20 November 1847 at Nice, at that time in the Kingdom of Sardinia, where he was buried.[32]
Berry Head Hotel, Lyte's residence
Works[edit]
Lyte's first composition was Tales in Verse illustrative of Several of the Petitions in the Lord's Prayer (1826), written at Lymington and commended by John Wilson in the Noctes Ambrosianae. Lyte next published Poems, chiefly Religious (1833), and in 1834, a small collection of psalms and hymns entitled The Spirit of the Psalms. After his death, a volume of Remains (1850) with a memoir was issued, and the poems contained in this, with those in Poems, chiefly Religious, were afterward published in one volume (1868). Three of Lyte's best-known hymns are paraphrases of psalms, published in The Spirit of the Psalms: "Praise, my soul, the King of heaven" (Psalm 103), "God of Mercy, God of Grace" (Psalm 67), and "Pleasant are thy courts above" (Psalm 84).[33]
Lyte's best known hymns are:
Abide with me! fast falls the eventide
Jesus, I my cross have taken
Praise, my soul, the King of Heaven
Pleasant are Thy courts above.
Of these hymns, "Abide With Me" is the best known.[34] According to the traditional story given in the Remains, Lyte wrote it a few hours after conducting the final service at his church, which was probably 5 September 1847.[35] More likely the hymn was actually written in July or August of that year.[36] Lyte himself created for the hymn what his biographer has disparaged as "a dull tune." When Hymns Ancient and Modern was published in 1861, the editor, William H. Monk—whose three-year-old daughter had just died—composed his own tune, "Eventide," for Lyte's poem.[37] The hymn became a favourite of George V and George VI and was sung at the former's funeral. The hymn also inspired Field Marshal Herbert Kitchener and General Charles "Chinese" Gordon, and it was said to have been on the lips of Edith Cavell as she faced a German firing squad.[38] "Abide with Me" has been sung at the FA Cup finals since 1927 when the association secretary substituted the hymn for the playing of "Alexander's Ragtime Band."[39] In Rugby League, the hymn has been sung before the Challenge Cup final since 1929, the first year the match was staged at Wembley Stadium.[40] The hymn is the also the Portora Royal School victory song and is sung at its remembrance service.
Significance[edit]
Leon Litvack has written in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography that although Lyte's "poetic energies were directed at scripturally and evangelically minded audiences, his lyric gift was universally appreciated. The example of ‘Abide with me’ is instructive: intensely personal and contemplative, yet nationally popular—even being sung (always, after its publication in 1861, to W. H. Monk's tune, ‘Eventide’) on secular occasions such as at football matches, and especially, since 1927, at the English cup final." [26] The 20th-century hymnologist Erik Routley referred to the "much-loved H. R. Lyte" who "though scriptural and evangelical in his emphases, always writes good literature and is rarely deserted by an exquisite lyric gift. Perhaps the centrally 'romantic' hymn of all hymns is the intensely personal yet, as it has proved, wholly universal hymn, 'Abide with me.'"[41]
Poetry portal
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Henry James Garland, Henry Francis Lyte and the Story of Abide With Me (Manchester, England: Torch Publishing Company, 1957).
Jump up ^ Faith Cook, Our Hymn-writers and Their Hymns (Darlington, England: Evangelical Press, 2005). The Lyte family originated from Somerset in South West England and was one of considerable prominence as early as the reign of Edward I. Its seat was at Lytes Cary Manor, but the house passed out of the family in 1748. Thomas Lyte, an army captain, does not seem to have formally married Anna Maria Oliver, although it has been argued that since they were accepted as man and wife in Scotland where they lived, they were legally married according to Scottish law. B. G. Skinner, Henry Francis Lyte: Brixham's Poet and Priest (University of Exeter, 1974), 1-2, 32-34.
Jump up ^ "Henry Francis Lyte and the Story of Abide With Me" (Manchester, England: Torch Publishing Company, 1957).
Jump up ^ David Robertson, "Henry Francis Lyte"[permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Skinner, 17.
Jump up ^ Skinner, 18. "The poor man died, I rejoice to say, happy under the belief that though he had deeply erred, there was One whose death and sufferings would atone for his delinquencies, and be accepted for all that he had incurred. I was greatly affected by the whole matter."
Jump up ^ On Sunday mornings in Brixham, Lyte would drive his wife to the Methodist society before proceeding to his own church. However, she would attend his church in the evening. Skinner, 61.
Jump up ^ Skinner, 27. Lyte and Maxwell were married on 21 January 1818.
Jump up ^ The Lyte family (accessed 23 December 2009). The children were Henry William Maxwell Lyte (1818–1856), Anna Maria Lyte (1821), who lived only a month; Anna Maria Maxwell Lyte Hogg (1822–1889); John Walker Maxwell Lyte (1825–1848), and Farnham Maxwell Lyte (1828–1896). Although John Lyte died of scarlet fever at 23, his son, Henry Maxwell Lyte (1848–1940), became a noteworthy historian.
Jump up ^ Skinner, 39-44.
Jump up ^ Skinner, 39-46. While in Charleton, Lyte preached a sermon on 19 October 1823, "Without God in the World," that attracted the attention of George Canning, later briefly prime minister. In the sermon, Lyte compared the fates of men who lived for God or for the world in the face of approaching death. Skinner says the sermon demonstrates " a prominent 'hell-fire' note and was true to the tradition of Wesley and the Evangelical Revival" but with "a peculiar beauty about both the language and the content." (45-46)
Jump up ^ Skinner, 46. By 1785, 75 trawlers were operating from Brixham; by 1914, there were 350 trawlers. (50)
Jump up ^ Skinner, 58-59.
Jump up ^ Skinner, 60.
Jump up ^ Skinner, 96.
Jump up ^ Pengelly, W. (1870). "The Ash Hole and Bench Bone-Caverns, at Brixham, south Devon". Transactions of the Devonshire Association. 4 (1): 73–80.
Jump up ^ Blewitt, Octavian (1832). The panorama of Torquay, a descriptive and historical sketch of the district comprised between the Dart and Teign. pp. 146–8. ISBN 9781173575281. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
Jump up ^ Skinner, 55.
Jump up ^ Skinner, 75.
Jump up ^ Skinner, 92-93. When the library was sold after his death, the catalog ran to 296 pages. In the twentieth century, Lyte's home became the Berry Head Hotel.
Jump up ^ Skinner, 56.
Jump up ^ Skinner, 55, 74.
Jump up ^ Skinner, 37.
Jump up ^ Skinner, 79.
Jump up ^ Skinner, 83-84. Slavery was abolished that year in the Slavery Abolition Act of 1833.
^ Jump up to: a b Litvack, Leon. "Lyte, Henry Francis". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17302. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.).
Jump up ^ Skinner, 103. In the poem he wished to write "some sparklet of the soul, that still might live/When I was passed to clay," a wish fulfilled in "Abide with Me."
Jump up ^ Skinner, 105, 111. One leading member of the choir thought that some words of "Abide with Me"—"When other helpers fail and comforts flee"—applied to these choir members. Another commentator thought they referred to "12 devout young men" whom Lyte had trained to hold services in the surrounding community, all of whom defected from Lyte's church to dissenting congregations.
Jump up ^ Skinner, 118-19.
Jump up ^ Skinner, 121-22.
Jump up ^ Skinner, 116, 120, 123.
Jump up ^ Skinner, 131, 147-48. "Referring to our Lord's atoning sacrifice as being a 'pillow of consolation' to a dying soul, Lyte added, 'O brethren, I can speak feelingly, experimentally on this latter point; and I stand up here among you seasonably today, as alive form the dead.'"(131)
Jump up ^ David Robertson, "Henry Francis Lyte"[permanent dead link].
Jump up ^ Ian Bradley considered the song such an archetypal Victorian piece that he called a scholarly study, Abide With Me: The World of Victorian Hymns (London: SCM Press, 1997).
Jump up ^ Skinner, 129-30.
Jump up ^ Skinner, 129-41. Skinner devotes a chapter to theories about its composition.
Jump up ^ Skinner, 136-37. Monk was also Director of Music at King's College London.
Jump up ^ Skinner, 140.
Jump up ^ Skinner, 140; FA Cup website. "When the singing of the hymn commenced, King George V...stood and bared his head. So the tradition continued."
Jump up ^ Geoffrey Moorhouse, A People's Game (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1995)
Jump up ^ Erik Routley, A Panorama of Christian Hymnody (Collegeville, Minnesota: The Liturgical Press, 1979), 45.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Lyte, Henry Francis". Encyclopædia Britannica. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 184.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Henry Francis Lyte
Wikisource has original works written by or about:
Henry Francis Lyte
Works by or about Henry Francis Lyte at Internet Archive
Works by Henry Francis Lyte at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
Text, MIDI, and piano score from HymnSite.com
Praise, my soul, the King of heaven on YouTube
Catalogue of the library of H.F. Lyte
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 11864654
LCCN: no90006511
ISNI: 0000 0001 0955 143X
GND: 1122761953
SUDOC: 165128844
BNF: cb165908645 (data)
BIBSYS: 2063967
MusicBrainz: c2514344-c878-47a9-adb1-f82a98baad78
NLA: 36122480
BNE: XX5559486
SNAC: w6pc37j1
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