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Dark Side of the Rainbow
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Dark Side of the Rainbow – also known as Dark Side of Oz or The Wizard of Floyd – refers to the pairing of the 1973 Pink Floyd album The Dark Side of the Moon with the visual portion of the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Synchronicity
3 Coincidence versus intent
4 Technical considerations
5 Variations on the theme
6 In popular culture
7 References
History[edit]
In August 1995, the Fort Wayne (Indiana) Journal Gazette published the first mainstream media article[1] about the "synchronicity", citing the Usenet discussion group alt.music.pink-floyd. Soon afterward, several fans began creating websites in which they touted the experience and tried to comprehensively catalogue the corresponding moments. A second wave of awareness began in April 1997, when Boston radio DJ George Taylor Morris discussed "Dark Side of the Rainbow" on the air, leading to further mainstream media articles and a segment on MTV news.[citation needed]
In July 2000, the cable channel Turner Classic Movies aired a version of Oz with the Dark Side album as an alternate soundtrack.[2] Turner Entertainment Co. has owned the rights to the film since 1986.
Synchronicity[edit]
There are various approaches regarding when to start synchronizing The Dark Side of the Moon audio with the film. Several involve the MGM lion as the cue. Most suggest the third roar, while some prefer the second or first. Others suggest starting the album not immediately after the lion's roar, but after the lion fades to black—exactly when the film begins. Viewing recommendations include reducing the film's audio and using captions or subtitles to follow the dialogue and plot.[3]
The iconic dispersive prism of the album's cover purportedly reflects the movie's transition from black-and-white Kansas to Technicolor Oz; further examples include music changes at dramatic moments, such as the tornado near the start of the movie aligning with the screaming section of "The Great Gig in the Sky", and thematic alignments such as the scarecrow dance during "Brain Damage". This synergy effect has been described as an example of synchronicity, defined by the psychologist Carl Jung as a phenomenon in which coincidental events "seem related but are not explained by conventional mechanisms of causality." [4]
Detractors argue that the phenomenon is the result of the mind's tendency to think it recognizes patterns amid disorder by discarding data that does not fit.[5] Psychologists refer to this tendency as apophenia, or confirmation bias. In this theory, a Dark Side of the Rainbow enthusiast will focus on matching moments while ignoring the greater number of instances where the film and the album do not correspond.
Coincidence versus intent[edit]
Pink Floyd band members have repeatedly said that the reputed phenomenon is coincidence. In an interview for the 25th anniversary of the album, guitarist/vocalist David Gilmour denied the album was intentionally written to be synchronized with the film, saying "Some guy with too much time on his hands had this idea of combining Wizard of Oz with Dark Side of the Moon."[6] On an MTV special about Pink Floyd in 2002, the band dismissed any relationship between the album and the movie, saying there were no means of reproducing the film in the studio at the time they recorded the album.
Dark Side of the Moon audio engineer Alan Parsons in 2003 dismissed the supposed effect:
It was an American radio guy who pointed it out to me. It's such a non-starter, a complete load of eyewash. I tried it for the first time about two years ago. One of my fiancée's kids had a copy of the video, and I thought I had to see what it was all about. I was very disappointed. The only thing I noticed was that the line "balanced on the biggest wave" came up when Dorothy was kind of tightrope walking along a fence. One of the things any audio professional will tell you is that the scope for the drift between the video and the record is enormous; it could be anything up to twenty seconds by the time the record's finished. And anyway, if you play any record with the sound turned down on the TV, you will find things that work.[7]
Pink Floyd drummer Nick Mason teasingly told MTV in 1997, "It's absolute nonsense. It has nothing to do with The Wizard of Oz. It was all based on The Sound of Music."[8]
Technical considerations[edit]
Film critic Richard Roeper published his assessment of the phenomenon, which he referred to as "Dark Side of Oz." Roeper concluded that while the band may have had the resources and technical know-how to produce an alternative film soundtrack, undergoing such an endeavor would have been highly impractical. Roeper also noted the technical issue of the roughly 43-minute Dark Side of the Moon being short compared to the 101-minute The Wizard of Oz.[9]
In the book Inside Out: A Personal History of Pink Floyd, Nick Mason noted that the band was becoming proficient at creating movie soundtracks by the time they started the recording of The Dark Side of the Moon, and that they even interrupted their work on the album so they could score yet another film. He explained the technical process that Pink Floyd used to score movies when he wrote about the recording of the 1972 Obscured by Clouds movie soundtrack:
After the success of More, we had agreed to do another sound track for Barbet Schroeder. His new film was called La Vallée and we travelled over to France to record the music in the last week of February... We did the recording with the same method we had employed for More, following a rough cut of the film, using stopwatches for specific cues and creating interlinking musical moods that would be cross-faded to suit the final version... The recording time was extremely tight. We only had two weeks to record the soundtrack with a short amount of time afterwards to turn it into an album.
Variations on the theme[edit]
The fame of Dark Side of the Rainbow has prompted some to search for synchronicities among other albums by other bands and films by other directors. The lengthy Pink Floyd song "Echoes" from the 1971 album Meddle has been paired with "Jupiter and Beyond the Infinite," the fourth act in the 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey. Again the correspondences are primarily formal/structural and not grounded in the content of the lyrics. Both the track and the sequence are approximately 23 minutes.[10]
Comedian Matt Herzau claims that the Pixar film WALL-E syncs up with Pink Floyd's rock opera The Wall, which he has called "Another Brick in the WALL-E", after the album's three-part song "Another Brick in the Wall."[11][12] Another popular Pink Floyd movie sync pairs The Wall with Disney's 1951 animated Alice in Wonderland.[13] In connection with Alice, another Floyd-related album syncs up with that film – Syd Barrett's solo album The Madcap Laughs.
Canadian dance music artist Rich Aucoin's second album Ephemeral (released September 2014 in North America) is an adaptation of the themes of the novella The Little Prince and is meant to sync up to the 1979 short Claymation film of the same name, along the lines of The Dark Side of the Moon and The Wizard of Oz.[14]
The French avant-jazz band Ghost Rhythms's third album Madeleine is meant to sync up with Alfred Hitchcock's Vertigo.[15]
After the final two parts of Twin Peaks: The Return aired on Sunday, September 4, 2017, a rumor developed on social media advancing the theory that the final two parts (17 & 18) were meant to be watched and interpreted simultaneously. During a Reddit interview on September 10, 2017, The Return's executive producer Sabrina S. Sutherland summarily dismissed these rumors, saying "This is definitely not the way to watch these parts", although later leaving the possibility somewhat more open-ended by conceding "Maybe it's something I'm not aware of - could be. I'm not infallible!"
Comedian Griffin McElroy jokingly watched the film Paul Blart: Mall Cop 2 alongside The Dark Side of the Moon as part of the eternal podcast "Til Death do us Blart," noting several thematic, rhythmic, and lyrical synchronicities. McElroy described the viewing as "a religious experience." [16]
In popular culture[edit]
In a 2000 episode of Family Guy, "The Story on Page One", Peter Griffin tells Luke Perry that "Dark Side of the Moon totally syncs up with the Wizard of Oz", to which Perry replies, "You know, Shannen Doherty told me that once, but I thought she was just being a bitch."
In the 2000 pilot episode of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, two characters discussed an earlier date in which they watched Dark Side of the Rainbow.[17]
In the 2002 Family Guy episode "Stuck Together, Torn Apart", Mort Goldman states "We like to watch old movies while listening to Hotel California to see if it synchs up in a significant way. And so far, no, nothing has."
In February 2003, the reggae cover-band group Easy Star All-Stars released a cover album of The Dark Side of the Moon entitled Dub Side of the Moon which features instructions on how to synchronize the record with The Wizard of Oz
In the 2005 movie The Muppets' Wizard of Oz, Pepe the King Prawn (as Toto) says, "Those of you who have Dark Side of the Moon, press play now."[18]
In the 2005 Trailer Park Boys episode "Give Peace a Chance," Bubbles mentions a synchronized showing of The Dark Side of the Moon and The Wizard of Oz occurring while he and the boys were in prison.
Another reference appeared in the 2008 Supernatural episode "Dream a Little Dream of Me". Dean asks Sam if they should "dim the lights and sync up Wizard of Oz and Dark Side of the Moon". Sam asks why, prompting Dean to wonder what Sam did in college.[19]
In the Angry Video Game Nerd's 2008 episode on the video game adaptation of The Wizard of Oz, all the episode's events are deliberately synced up to Pink Floyd's The Dark Side of the Moon if one plays the first four songs of the album in sync to this episode, a reference to the connection between the album and the 1939 film.[20]
In the 2010 How I Met Your Mother episode "Blitzgiving", Marshall and Ted mention a time they watched The Wizard of Oz while listening to The Dark Side of the Moon, which inspires them to do the same thing with Apocalypse Now and "Weird Al" Yankovic's Greatest Hits.
In a 2011 episode of Raising Hope, Jimmy, the main character, hallucinates that his baby's face, stamped on a jar of baby food, tells him to sync up The Dark Side of the Moon with The Wizard of Oz before the hallucinations wear off.
In the 2012 film Fun Size, the main character (Victoria Justice) decides to dress as Dorothy for a high school Halloween party after listening to The Dark Side of the Moon. The film briefly includes a visual clip of the album in its record form.
In a 2014 Drum Corps International show, performed by the Colts, Dark Side of the Rainbow is portrayed as a world in which the Scarecrow rules Oz after Dorothy has left.[21]
In the 2017 episode of the podcast Till Death Do Us Blart, co-host Griffin McElroy explains that he watched Paul Blart: Mall Cop 2 while listening to the album, and experienced similar synchronicity during certain portions of the film. Dark Side of the Rainbow is briefly mentioned while Griffin explains the synchronicities he encountered.[22]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Savage, Charles (August 1, 1995). "The Dark Side of the Rainbow". The Fort Wayne Journal Gazette. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007 – via rbsavage.
Jump up ^ "Dark Side of Oz". Chicago Sun-Times. July 3, 2000.
Jump up ^ "The Dark Side of the Rainbow". All Pink Floyd Fan Network. Archived from the original on July 9, 2006.
Jump up ^ "synchronicity – Definition". Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Does the music in Pink Floyd's Dark Side of the Moon coincide with the action of The Wizard of Oz?". The Straight Dope. May 5, 2000.
Jump up ^ "David Gilmour interview". Archived from the original on May 5, 2006. Retrieved November 19, 2005.
Jump up ^ Harris, John (March 12, 2003). ""Dark Side" at 30: Alan Parsons: Pink Floyd". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on January 14, 2009. Retrieved November 29, 2008.
Jump up ^ "The Pink Floyd/Wizard Of Oz Connection". MTV. May 30, 1997. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
Jump up ^ Roeper, Richard (2001). Urban Legends. New Page Books.
Jump up ^ Shaffner, Nicholas (1991). Saucerful of Secrets: The Pink Floyd Odyssey. Harmony Books. p. 142. ISBN 0-517-57608-2.
Jump up ^ "Another Brick in the Wall-E? Pixar Meets Pink Floyd". Daily Camera/Colorado Daily. July 22, 2009. Archived from the original on July 30, 2012.
Jump up ^ Davis, Lauren (July 22, 2009). "Another Brick in the Wall-E? Pixar Meets Pink Floyd". io9.
Jump up ^ Wendland, Andrew C. (2017). "The Pink Floyd Movie Synchronization Story". moviesyncs.com.
Jump up ^ Hudson, Alex (June 18, 2014). "Rich Aucoin Details 'Ephemeral,' Premieres New Single". exclaim.ca.
Jump up ^ negativertigo. YouTube. March 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ MACROTAH (November 23, 2017). BLART Side of the MALL. YouTube.com.
Jump up ^ ""CSI: Crime Scene Investigation" Pilot, Quotes". IMDb.
Jump up ^ "The Muppets' Wizard of Oz". IMDb.
Jump up ^ "Supernatural (TV Series) "Dream a Little Dream of Me" (2008) Quotes". IMDb.
Jump up ^ "Dark Side of the Nerd". Cinemassacre. August 4, 2008. Retrieved January 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kinoshita, Steve. "Corps Repertiore". corpseps.com. Retrieved June 8, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Till Death Do Us Blart". LibSyn. November 23, 2017.
[show]
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How to Make an American Quilt
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
How to Make an American Quilt
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Jocelyn Moorhouse
Produced by
Sarah Pillsbury
Midge Sanford
Screenplay by
Jane Anderson
Based on
How to Make an American Quilt
by Whitney Otto
Starring
Winona Ryder
Anne Bancroft
Ellen Burstyn
Kate Nelligan
Alfre Woodard
Maya Angelou
Kate Capshaw
Loren Dean
Samantha Mathis
Dermot Mulroney
Derrick O'Connor
Jean Simmons
Lois Smith
Rip Torn
Mykelti Williamson
Music by
Thomas Newman
Edited by
Jill Bilcock
Production
company
Amblin Entertainment
Distributed by
Universal Pictures
Release date
October 6, 1995
Running time
117 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$10 million[1]
Box office
$41 million[2]
How to Make an American Quilt is a 1995 American drama film based on the 1991 novel of the same name by Whitney Otto. Directed by Jocelyn Moorhouse, the film stars Winona Ryder, Anne Bancroft, Ellen Burstyn, Kate Nelligan and Alfre Woodard. The film received a nomination for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture.
Contents
[hide]
1 Characters
1.1 Finn Dodd
1.2 Sophia Darling
1.3 Em Reed
1.4 Glady Joe and Hy
1.5 Constance Saunders
1.6 Anna
1.7 Marianna
2 Cast
3 Reception
4 References
5 External links
Characters[edit]
Finn Dodd[edit]
Main character. Following a proposal of marriage from her boyfriend Sam (Dermot Mulroney), Finn decides to visit her great aunt and grandmother to finish her thesis and think over the proposal. At her grandmother's house, a quilting group congregates, and she's shocked and surprised to discover that the current quilt that they're working on is a wedding gift for her when she gets married. The theme of the quilt is "where love resides". As Finn is unsure whether she's ready for marriage or whether he's "The One", the stories of the women in the quilting group open her eyes to the different kinds of love that exist. During her time at her grandmother's house, she meets Leon (Johnathon Schaech) at the local pool and embarks on a brief affair with him. Eventually, wrapped in her quilt and following a crow (reminiscent of Anna's tale about her aunt), she comes across Sam and chooses to stay with him.
Sophia Darling[edit]
When she was in her early twenties, Sophia (Samantha Mathis/Lois Smith) was a talented diver with dreams of escaping her small town and overbearing mother. One day she meets Preston Richards (Loren Dean) while diving at the local pool and romance ensues. He's attracted by her fearlessness and she believes he can take her away from her current, oppressive way of life. However, motherhood turns out to be just as, if not more, oppressive, and married life soon grinds her down. With three children and little help from her husband who is frequently away because of his job, she no longer has time to dive and eventually forgets the feeling of freedom and escape it gives her. One day she snaps at her husband for digging a pond in the back garden. In an attempt to remind her of the girl he fell in love with, he tells her the pond is for her to wade in. After she rejects his efforts, he realizes that her free spirit is gone. One morning he leaves for work, never to return. Abandoned, bitter, and trapped in a life she didn't want, Sophia ironically ends up like her overbearing mother, particularly in her relationship with Finn.
Years later, when the wind blows part of Finn's thesis into the pond, she wades in to get it. With her feet in the pool, she remembers what her husband tried to remind her of all those years ago, and one of the last scenes shows her diving off the high dive.
Em Reed[edit]
Em (Jean Simmons/Joanna Going) marries young, like most of the women in the story. Despite the promiscuity of her artistic husband Dean (Derrick O'Connor/Tim Guinee), she stays with him for a period of time. Eventually, after discovering yet another affair, she leaves him whilst pregnant. She returns to her parents' home, but it still takes three months before Dean comes to find her. He begs forgiveness yet again, and her parents pack her bags, loading them into Dean's car. At this point, Em has no choice but to return to her broken life.
Years later, she suspects Constance is having an affair with Dean, which causes friction between the two. Later, she realizes that, in his own way, Dean does truly love her when she takes shelter in his studio during a sudden wind storm and discovers numerous paintings of her telling the story of their life together over the years.
Glady Joe and Hy[edit]
Gladiola (Glady) Joe (Claire Danes/Anne Bancroft) and Hyacinth (Hy) (Alicia Goranson/Ellen Burstyn) are Finn’s great aunt and grandmother and sisters to one another. At one point, Hy goes to visit her dying husband in the hospital. Despite her deep love for her husband, she leaves the hospital and sleeps with Glady’s husband (Rip Torn) in a moment of weakness and tragic emotion. After Glady discovers the truth, she smashes every one of her porcelain figurines and plasters them onto the wall of the laundry room as a reminder of her anger. Glady never really forgives her husband and does not forgive Hy until the end of the movie. Their reconciliation is symbolized by the demolition of the plastered walls in the laundry room when Glady realizes that her love for her sister overcomes her feelings of betrayal.
Constance Saunders[edit]
Constance (Kate Nelligan) had a happy and fulfilling marriage until her husband, Howell (Richard Jenkins), died, leaving her a young widow. While he was alive, Howell gave Constance a dog to keep her company. Although it is rumored that she is having an affair with Em's husband, Dean, she knows that her love for her husband and her dog are her true companions. Her panel for Finn's wedding quilt depicts a yellow rose bush under which she and Howell buried the dog after it died.
Anna[edit]
As a young maid, Anna (María Celedonio/Maya Angelou) starts an affair with her boss's son, Beck (Jared Leto), who's visiting from Chicago. She becomes pregnant by him, and when her great aunt finds out about the pregnancy she sends Anna away with their family story quilt (which she had sold to the boss's wife). During her pregnancy, Anna met Glady and Hyacinth when she was taken in by their family. She becomes particularly close with Glady, eventually teaching her to quilt. During one of these quilting lessons, she starts labor, eventually giving birth to Marianna (Alfre Woodard). It's only then that Anna realizes that her fancy notion of romantic love was nothing in comparison to the maternal love she feels for Marianna. Anna now orchestrates the quilting group.
Marianna[edit]
Marianna (Alfre Woodard) gives the appearance of being in love with her promiscuous freedom until a moment of vulnerability comes in a conversation with Finn. She speaks of a man that she met in France. They had met and spent one evening together during which they connected over a meeting of minds before she discovered that he was married. Although she has taken many lovers since, she realizes this man is her soulmate and she doesn't even know his name.
Cast[edit]
Winona Ryder as Finn Dodd
Kaelynn and Sara Craddick as young Finn Dodd
Anne Bancroft as Glady Joe Cleary
Claire Danes as young Glady Joe Cleary
Ellen Burstyn as Hy Dodd
Lecy Goranson as young Hy Dodd
Lois Smith as Sophia Darling Richards
Samantha Mathis as young Sophia Darling
Jean Simmons as Em Reed
Joanna Going as young Em Reed
Kate Nelligan as Constance Saunders
Alfre Woodard as Marianna Neale
Maya Angelou as Anna Neale
Kate Capshaw as Sally Dodd
Loren Dean as Preston Richards
Dermot Mulroney as Sam
Derrick O'Connor as Dean Reed
Tim Guinee as young Dean Reed
Rip Torn as Arthur Cleary
Mykelti Williamson as Winston
Jared Leto as Beck
Adam Baldwin as Mr. Dodd
Johnathon Schaech as Leon
Denis Arndt as James
Paige and Ryanne Kettner as Little Evie/Little Duff
Tamala Jones as Anna's Great Grandmother
Reception[edit]
How to Make an American Quilt received mixed reviews and holds a 61% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 33 reviews.[3]
In a review for The New York Times, Caryn James gave praise to both Moorhouse's "cut-to-the-quick" direction and Anderson's script for crafting an adaptation of a "decidedly uncinematic novel." She added that the film manages to give off the impression that "we are not watching movie women but real women, with shaky judgment and lifetimes of reasons to resent and forgive one another as well as all the men in their lives."[4] Roger Ebert commended the stories involving Woodard and Capshaw's characters for being the most heartfelt but found the rest of them devoid of any emotional resonance compared to the tales told in the film adaptation of Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club, saying that they have lives "largely recycled from sweet movies and tasteful romantic novels."[5] Eve Zibart of The Washington Post said that despite Bancroft's performance being "right on the ceiling" in terms of over the top and saying that Ryder "seems for once to be acting, and not entirely comfortably", she praised the rest of the actresses for being "theatrical indulgence by a cast of stahs."[6]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "How to Make an American Quilt - PowerGrid". thewrap.com. Retrieved August 1, 2015.
Jump up ^ http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=howtomakeanamericanquilt.htm
Jump up ^ "How to Make an American Quilt - Rotten Tomatoes". rottentomatoes.com. Retrieved August 1, 2015.
Jump up ^ James, Caryn (October 6, 1995). "Film Review: Marriage, Betrayal and Turning Points". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved February 19, 2018.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (October 6, 1995). "How To Make An American Quilt". Chicago Sun-Times. rogerebert.com. Retrieved February 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Zibart, Eve (October 6, 1995). "'How to Make an American Quilt'". The Washington Post. Nash Holdings LLC. Retrieved February 19, 2018.
External links[edit]
How to Make an American Quilt on IMDb
How to Make an American Quilt at Rotten Tomatoes
How to Make an American Quilt at Box Office Mojo
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The Baby Dance (1998)
If These Walls Could Talk 2 (2000; co-directed)
When Billie Beat Bobby (2001)
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The Prize Winner of Defiance, Ohio (2005)
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The Positively True Adventures of the Alleged Texas Cheerleader-Murdering Mom (1993)
It Could Happen to You (1994)
How to Make an American Quilt (1995)
Olive Kitteridge (2014)
Packed in a Trunk: The Lost Art of Edith Lake Wilkinson (2015)
The Wife (2017)
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Names of the days of the week
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"Days of the Week" redirects here. For the song by Stone Temple Pilots, see Days of the Week (song).
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Italian cameo bracelet representing the days of the week, corresponding to the planets as Roman gods: Diana as the Moon for Monday, Mars for Tuesday, Mercury for Wednesday, Jupiter for Thursday, Venus for Friday, Saturn for Saturday, and Apollo as the Sun for Sunday. Middle 19th century, Walters Art Museum
The names of the days of the week in many languages are derived from the names of the classical planets in Hellenistic astrology, which were in turn named after contemporary deities, a system introduced in by the Roman Empire during Late Antiquity. In some other languages, the days are named after corresponding deities of the regional culture, either beginning with Sunday or with Monday. In the international standard ISO 8601, Monday is treated as the first day of the week.
Contents
[hide]
1 Days named after planets
1.1 Greco-Roman tradition
1.1.1 Romance languages
1.1.2 Celtic languages
1.1.3 Adoptions from Romance
1.2 Germanic tradition
1.2.1 Adoptions from Germanic
1.3 Indian tradition
1.3.1 South Asian languages
1.4 Southeast Asian languages
1.5 East Asian languages
1.6 East Asian tradition
2 Numbered days of the week
2.1 Days numbered from Sunday
2.2 Days numbered from Monday
2.3 Days numbered from Saturday
3 Mixing of numbering and astronomy
4 See also
5 Notes
5.1 Sunday
5.2 Monday
5.3 Tuesday
5.4 Wednesday
5.5 Thursday
5.6 Friday
5.7 Saturday
6 References
7 Further reading
Days named after planets[edit]
Greco-Roman tradition[edit]
Further information: Week and Planetary hours
Between the 1st and 3rd centuries, the Roman Empire gradually replaced the eight-day Roman nundinal cycle with the seven-day week. Our earliest evidence for this new system is a Pompeiian graffito referring to the 6th February (viii idus Februarius) of the year AD 60 as dies solis ("Sunday").[1] Another early witness is a reference to a lost treatise by Plutarch, written in about AD 100, which addressed the question of Why are the days named after the planets reckoned in a different order from the actual order?.[2]
The days were named after the planets of Hellenistic astrology, in the order Sun, Moon, Mars (Ares), Mercury (Hermes), Jupiter (Zeus), Venus (Aphrodite) and Saturn (Cronos).[3]
The seven-day week spread throughout the Roman Empire in Late Antiquity. By the 4th century, it was in wide use throughout the Empire, and it had also reached India and China.
The Greek and Latin names are as follows:
Day:
(see Irregularities)
Sunday
Sōl or Helios
(Sun)
Monday
Luna or Selene
(Moon)
Tuesday
Mars or Ares
(Mars)
Wednesday
Mercurius or Hermes
(Mercury)
Thursday
Iuppiter or Zeus
(Jupiter)
Friday
Venus or Aphrodite
(Venus)
Saturday
Saturnus or Kronos
(Saturn)
Greek
ἡμέρᾱ Ἡλίου
hēmérā Hēlíou ἡμέρᾱ Σελήνης
hēmérā Selḗnēs ἡμέρᾱ Ἄρεως
hēmérā Áreōs ἡμέρᾱ Ἑρμοῦ
hēmérā Hermoû ἡμέρᾱ Διός
hēmérā Diós ἡμέρᾱ Ἀφροδῑ́της
hēmérā Aphrodī́tēs ἡμέρᾱ Κρόνου
hēmérā Krónou
Latin
diēs Sōlis diēs Lūnae diēs Martis diēs Mercuriī diēs Iōvis diēs Veneris diēs Saturnī
Romance languages[edit]
Except for modern Portuguese, the Romance languages preserved the Latin names, except for the names of Sunday, which was replaced by [dies] Dominicus (Dominica), i.e. "Day of the Lord" and of Saturday, which was named for the Sabbath. In Corsican, the Saturday is known either by Sabatu or De Sadorn.
Day:
(see Irregularities)
Sunday
Sōl (Sun)
Monday
Luna (Moon)
Tuesday
Mars (Mars)
Wednesday
Mercurius (Mercury)
Thursday
Iuppiter (Jupiter)
Friday
Venus (Venus)
Saturday
Saturnus (Saturn)
Italian
domenica [☉1] lunedì martedì mercoledì giovedì venerdì sabato [♄1]
Lombard Milanese
domenega [☉1] lunedì martedì mercoldì giovedì venerdì sabet [♄1]
Old Portuguese
domingo [☉1] lues martes mércores joves vernes sábado [♄1]
Galician
domingo [☉1] luns martes mércores xoves venres sábado [♄1]
Spanish
domingo [☉1] lunes martes miércoles jueves viernes sábado [♄1]
Romanian
duminică [☉1] luni marți miercuri joi vineri sâmbătă [♄1]
French
dimanche [☉1] lundi mardi mercredi jeudi vendredi samedi [♄1]
Occitan
dimenge [☉1] diluns dimarts dimècres dijòus divendres dissabte [♄1]
Catalan
diumenge [☉1] dilluns dimarts dimecres dijous divendres dissabte [♄1]
Asturian
domingu [☉1] llunes martes miércoles xueves vienres sábadu [♄1]
Venetian
domenega [☉1] luni marti mèrcore zioba vénare sabo [♄1]
Friulian
domenie [☉1] lunis martars miercus joibe vinars sabide [♄1]
Neapolitan
dummeneca [☉1] lunnerì marterì miercurì gioverì viernarì sàbbatu [♄1]
Sardinian language
dominiga [☉1] lunis martis mercuris iobia chenabura Sappadu [♄1]
Sicilian
dumínica [☉1] luni marti mércuri juvi vénniri sábbatu [♄1]
Corsican
dumenica luni marti màrcuri ghjovi vènnari sàbatu or sadorn
Celtic languages[edit]
Early Old Irish adopted the names from Latin, but introduced separate terms of Norse origin for Wednesday, Thursday and Friday, then later supplanted these with terms relating to church fasting practices.
Day:
(see Irregularities)
Sunday
Sōl (Sun)
Monday
Luna (Moon)
Tuesday
Mars (Mars)
Wednesday
Mercurius (Mercury)
Thursday
Iuppiter (Jupiter)
Friday
Venus (Venus)
Saturday
Saturnus (Saturn)
Old Irish[4]
Diu[5] srol
Dies scrol[6] Diu luna[7] Diu mart[8] Diu iath[9] Diu eathamon[10] Diu triach[11] Diu saturn
Old Irish (later)
Diu domnica Diu luna Diu mart Diu cétaín [☿2] Diu eter dib aínib [♃1] Diu aíne [♀1] Diu saturn
Irish
An Domhnach [☉1]
Dé Domhnaigh An Luan
Dé Luain An Mháirt
Dé Máirt An Chéadaoin [☿2]
Dé Céadaoin An Déardaoin [♃1]
Déardaoin An Aoine [♀1]
Dé hAoine An Satharn
Dé Sathairn
Scottish Gaelic
Di-Dòmhnaich / Didòmhnaich [☉1] Di-Luain / Diluain Di-Màirt / Dimàirt Di-Ciadain / Diciadain [☿2] Di-Ardaoin / Diardaoin [♃1] Di-Haoine / Dihaoine [♀1] Di-Sàthairne / Disathairne
Welsh
dydd Sul dydd Llun dydd Mawrth dydd Mercher dydd Iau dydd Gwener dydd Sadwrn
Cornish
Dy' Sul Dy' Lun Dy' Meurth Dy' Mergher Dy' Yow Dy' Gwener Dy' Sadorn
Breton
Disul Dilun Dimeurzh Dimerc’her Diriaou Digwener Disadorn
Manx
Jedoonee [☉1] Jelune Jemayrt Jecrean [☿2] Jerdein [♃1] Jeheiney [♀1] Jesarn
Adoptions from Romance[edit]
Albanian adopted the Latin terms[citation needed]. Other languages adopted the week together with the Latin (Romance) names for the days of the week in the colonial period. Some constructed languages also adopted the Latin terminology.
Day:
(see Irregularities)
Sunday
Sōl (Sun)
Monday
Luna (Moon)
Tuesday
Mars (Mars)
Wednesday
Mercurius (Mercury)
Thursday
Iuppiter (Jupiter)
Friday
Venus (Venus)
Saturday
Saturnus (Saturn)
Albanian
E diel E hënë E martë E mërkurë E enjte E premte E shtunë
Filipino
Linggò [☉1]
Dominggo in most other Philippine languages Lunes Martes Miyerkules Huwebes Biyernes Sábado [♄1]
Chamorro
Damenggo Lunes Mattes Metkoles Huebes Betnes Sabalu
Māori[12]
[Rā Tapu] [not celestially named] (rā + tapu = "holy day") Rāhina (rā + Māhina = day + Moon) Rātū (rā + Tūmatauenga = day + Mars) Rāapa (rā + Apārangi = day + Mercury) Rāpare (rā + Pareārau = day + Jupiter) Rāmere (rā + Mere = day + Venus) [Rā Horoi] [not celestially named] (rā + horoi = "washing day")
Tetum
Dumingu Segunda Tersa Kuarta Kinta Sesta Sabadu[13]
Interlingua
Dominica [☉1] Lunedi Martedi Mercuridi Jovedi Venerdi Sabbato [♄1]
Ido
Sundio Lundio Mardio Merkurdio Jovdio Venerdio Saturdio
Esperanto
dimanĉo [☉1] lundo mardo merkredo ĵaŭdo vendredo sabato [♄1]
Germanic tradition[edit]
Further information: Germanic calendar
The Germanic peoples adapted the system introduced by the Romans by substituting the Germanic deities for the Roman ones (with the exception of Saturday) in a process known as interpretatio germanica. The date of the introduction of this system is not known exactly, but it must have happened later than AD 200 but before the introduction of Christianity during the 6th to 7th centuries, i.e., during the final phase or soon after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire.[14] This period is later than the Common Germanic stage, but still during the phase of undifferentiated West Germanic. The names of the days of the week in North Germanic languages were not calqued from Latin directly, but taken from the West Germanic names.
Sunday: Old English Sunnandæg (pronounced [ˈsunnɑndæj]), meaning "sun's day". This is a translation of the Latin phrase dies Solis. English, like most of the Germanic languages, preserves the original pagan/sun associations of the day. Many other European languages, including all of the Romance languages, have changed its name to the equivalent of "the Lord's day" (based on Ecclesiastical Latin dies Dominica). In both West Germanic and North Germanic mythology the Sun is personified as Sunna/Sól.
Monday: Old English Mōnandæg (pronounced [ˈmoːnɑndæj]), meaning "Moon's day". This is equivalent to the Latin name dies lunae. In North Germanic mythology, the Moon is personified as Máni.
Tuesday: Old English Tīwesdæg (pronounced [ˈtiːwezdæj]), meaning "Tiw's day". Tiw (Norse Týr) was a one-handed god associated with single combat and pledges in Norse mythology and also attested prominently in wider Germanic paganism. The name of the day is also related to the Latin name dies Martis, "Day of Mars".
Wednesday: Old English Wōdnesdæg (pronounced [ˈwoːdnezdæj]) meaning the day of the Germanic god Woden (known as Óðinn among the North Germanic peoples), and a prominent god of the Anglo-Saxons (and other Germanic peoples) in England until about the seventh century. It is also vaguely related to the Latin counterpart dies Mercurii, "Day of Mercury". The connection between Mercury and Odin is more strained than the other syncretic connections.[citation needed] The usual explanation[who?] is that both Wodan and Mercury were considered psychopomps, or guides of souls after death, in their respective mythologies; both are also associated with poetic and musical inspiration.[citation needed] The Icelandic Miðviku, German Mittwoch, Low German Middeweek and Finnish keskiviikko all mean mid-week.
Thursday: Old English Þūnresdæg (pronounced [ˈθuːnrezdæj]), meaning 'Þunor's day'. Þunor means thunder or its personification, the Norse god known in Modern English as Thor. Similarly Dutch donderdag, German Donnerstag ('thunder's day'), Finnish torstai, and Scandinavian Torsdag ('Thor's day'). Thor's day corresponds to Latin dies Iovis, "day of Jupiter".
Friday: Old English Frīgedæg (pronounced [ˈfriːjedæj]), meaning the day of the Anglo-Saxon goddess Fríge. The Norse name for the planet Venus was Friggjarstjarna, 'Frigg's star'. It is based on the Latin dies Veneris, "Day of Venus".
Saturday: the only day of the week to retain its Roman origin in English, named after the Roman god Saturn associated with the Titan Cronus, father of Zeus and many Olympians. Its original Anglo-Saxon rendering was Sæturnesdæg (pronounced [ˈsæturnezdæj]). In Latin, it was dies Saturni, "Day of Saturn". The Scandinavian Lørdag/Lördag deviates significantly as it has no reference to either the Norse or the Roman pantheon; it derives from old Norse laugardagr, literally "washing-day". The German Sonnabend (mainly used in northern and eastern Germany) and the Low German words Sünnavend mean "Sunday Eve", the German word Samstag (mainly used in southern and western Germany) derives from the name for Shabbat.
Day:
(see Irregularities)
Sunday
Sunna/Sól
Monday
Mona/Máni
Tuesday
Tiw/Tyr
Wednesday
Woden/Odin
Thursday
Thunor/Thor
Friday
Frige or Freya
Saturday
Saturn
Proto-Germanic
*Sunnōniz dagaz *Mēniniz dagaz *Tīwas dagaz, *Þingsas dagaz [♂1] *Wōdanas dagaz *Þunras dagaz *Frijjōz dagaz *Saturnas dagaz, *Laugōz dagaz [♄2]
Old English
Sunnandæg Mōnandæg Tīwesdæg Wōdnesdæg Þunresdæg Frīgedæg Sæternesdæg
Old Saxon
Sunnundag *Mānundag *Tiuwesdag, *Thingesdag [♂1] Wōdanesdag *Thunaresdag Frīadag *Sunnunāƀand [♄3], *Satarnesdag
Old High German
Sunnûntag Mânetag Zîestag Wuotanestag Donarestag Frîjatag Sunnûnâband [♄3], Sambaztag [♄1]
Middle Low German
Sunnedag Manedag Dingesdag [♂1] Wodenesdag Donersdag Vrīdag Sunnenavend [♄3], Satersdag
German
Sonntag Montag Dienstag [♂1], Ziestag (Alemannic German) Mittwoch [☿1] (older Wutenstag) Donnerstag Freitag Sonnabend [♄3], Samstag [♄1]
Yiddish
Zuntik – זונטיק Montik – מאנטיק Dinstik – דינסטיק [♂1] Mitvokh – מיטוואך [☿1] Donershtik – דאנערשטיק Fraytik – פרײַטיק Shabbes – שבת [♄1]
Scots
Saubath[♄1], Sunday Monanday Tysday Wadensday Fuirsday Friday Seturday
Dutch
zondag maandag dinsdag [♂1] woensdag donderdag vrijdag zaterdag
Afrikaans
Sondag Maandag Dinsdag [♂1] Woensdag Donderdag Vrydag Saterdag
Luxembourgish
Sonndeg Méindeg Dënschdeg [♂1] Mëttwoch [☿1] Donneschdeg Freideg Samschdeg [♄1]
West Frisian
Snein Moandei Tiisdei Woansdei Tongersdei Freed Sneon [♄3], Saterdei
Low Saxon
Sünndag Maandag Dingsdag [♂1] Middeweek [☿1], Goonsdag (rarely Woonsdag) Dünnerdag Freedag Sünnavend [♄3], Saterdag
Old Norse
sunnudagr mánadagr tysdagr óðinsdagr þórsdagr frjádagr laugardagr [♄2], sunnunótt [♄3]
Faroese
sunnudagur mánadagur týsdagur mikudagur [☿1], ónsdagur (Suðuroy) hósdagur/
tórsdagur (Suðuroy) fríggjadagur leygardagur [♄2]
Icelandic
sunnudagur mánudagur þriðjudagur [♂3] miðvikudagur [☿1] fimmtudagur [♃3] föstudagur [♀1] laugardagur [♄2]
Norwegian Bokmål
søndag mandag tirsdag onsdag torsdag fredag lørdag [♄2]
Norwegian Nynorsk
sundag/søndag måndag tysdag onsdag torsdag fredag laurdag [♄2]
Danish
søndag mandag tirsdag onsdag torsdag fredag lørdag [♄2]
Swedish
söndag måndag tisdag onsdag torsdag fredag lördag [♄2]
Elfdalian
sunndag mondag tisdag ųosdag tųosdag frjådag lovdag
Adoptions from Germanic[edit]
Day:
(see Irregularities)
Sunday
Sunna/Sól
Monday
Mona/Máni
Tuesday
Tiw/Tyr
Wednesday
Woden/Odin
Thursday
Thunor/Thor
Friday
Frige or Freya
Saturday
Saturn
Finnish
sunnuntai maanantai tiistai keskiviikko [☿1] torstai perjantai lauantai [♄2]
Estonian
pühapäev [☉2] esmaspäev teisipäev kolmapäev neljapäev reede laupäev [♄2]
Maori (transliteration; translation)
Wiki[☉8]; Rātapu Mane; Rāhina Tūrei; Rātū Wenerei; Rāapa Tāite; Rāpare Paraire; Rāmere Hāterei; Rāhoroi
Indian tradition[edit]
Further information: Navagraha
Hindu astrology adopted the concept of days under the regency of a planet under the term vāra, the days of the week being called āditya-, soma-, maṅgala-, budha-, guru-, śukra-, and śani-vāra. śukrá is a name of Venus (regarded as a son of Bhṛgu); guru is here a title of Bṛhaspati, and hence of Jupiter; budha "Mercury" is regarded as a son of Soma, i.e. the Moon.[15] Knowledge of Greek astrology existed since about the 2nd century BC, but references to the vāra occur somewhat later, during the Gupta period (Yājñavalkya Smṛti, c. 3rd to 5th century), i.e. at roughly the same period the system was introduced in the Roman Empire.[citation needed]
South Asian languages[edit]
Sunday
the Sun
(Aditya, Ravi)
Monday
the Moon
(Soma, Chandra, Indu)
Tuesday
Mars
(Mangala)
Wednesday
Mercury
(Budha)
Thursday
Jupiter
(Bṛhaspati, Guru)
Friday
Venus
(Shukra)
Saturday
Saturn
(Shani)
Balti
Adeed
عدید Chamdral
چامدرال  Angaru
انگارا  Boru
بورو  Brespod
بریس پود  Shugoru
شوگ ورو Shingsher
شنگ شےر
Bengali
রবিবার
Robibar সোমবার
Shombar মঙ্গলবার
Monggolbar বুধবার
Budhbar বৃহস্পতিবার
Brihôshpotibar শুক্রবার
Shukrobar শনিবার
Shonibar
Bhojpuri
एतवार
Aitwār सोमार
Somār मंगर
Mangar बुध
Budh बियफे
Bi'phey सुक्क
Sukk सनिच्चर
Sanichchar
Burushaski
Adit
ادیت Chandoro
چندورؤ Angaro
نگارو Bodo
بوڈو  Berayspat
بیرے سپاٹ Shukuro
شوک ورؤ Shemshayr
شیم شےر
Chitrali
(Khowar)
Yakshambey
یک شمبے Doshambey
دو شمبے[☽4] Seshambey
سہ شمبے Charshambey
چار شمبے Pachambey
پچھمبے  Adina
آدینہ [♀3] Shambey
شمبے
Gujarati
રવિવાર
Ravivār સોમવાર
Somvār મંગળવાર
Mangaḷvār બુધવાર
Budhvār ગુરૂવાર
Guruvār શુક્રવાર
Shukravār શનિવાર
Shanivār
Hindi
रविवार
Ravivār सोमवार
Somavār मंगलवार
Mangalavār बुधवार
Budhavār गुरूवार
Guruvār शुक्रवार
Shukravār शनिवार
Shanivār
Hindko
Atwaar
اتوار Suwar
سؤ وار Mungal
منگل Bud
بدھ Jumiraat
جمعرات Jummah
جمعہ Khali
خالي
Konkani
आयतार
Āytār सोमार
Somaar मंगळार
Mangaḷār बुधवार
Budhavār भीरेस्तार
Bhirestār शुक्रार
Shukrār शेनवार
Shenvār
Maldivian
އާދީއްތަ
Aadheettha ހޯމަ
Homa އަންގާރަ
Angaara ބުދަ
Budha ބުރާސްފަތި
Buraasfathi ހުކުރު
Hukuru ހޮނިހިރު
Honihiru
Marathi
रविवार
Ravivār सोमवार
Somavār मंगळवार
Mangaḷavār बुधवार
Budhavār गुरूवार
Guruvār शुक्रवार
Shukravār
Kashmiri
Āthvār
आथु'वार اَتھ وار  Çāņdėrvār
च़'न्दु'रवार ژندر وار Bomvār
बोमवार پم وار  Bödvār
बॅदवार برھ وار Brêsvār
ब्रसवार برس وار Shokụrvār / Jumāh
शो'कु'रवार شۆکٕروار
जुमाह جُمھ Baţėvār
बटु'वार بٹ وار
Kannada
ಭಾನುವಾರ
Bhanu Vaara ಸೋಮವಾರ
Soma Vaara ಮಂಗಳವಾರ
Mangala Vaara ಬುಧವಾರ
Budha Vaara ಗುರುವಾರ
Guru Vaara ಶುಕ್ರವಾರ
Shukra Vaara ಶನಿವಾರ
Shani Vaara
Malayalam
ഞായര്
Nhāyar തിങ്കള്
Tingal ചൊവ്വ
Chovva ബുധന്
Budhan വ്യാഴം
Vyāzham വെള്ളി
Velli ശനി
Shani
Nepali
आइतवार
Aaitabar सोमवार
Sombar मंगलवार
Mangalbar बुधवार
Budhabar बिहिवार
Bihibar शुक्रवार
Sukrabar शनिवार
Sanibar
Pashto
Etwar
اتوار Gul
ګل Nehi
نهه Shoro
شورو Ziarat
زيارت Jumma
جمعه Khali
خالي
Punjabi
(Gurmukhi)
ਐਤਵਾਰ
etvār ਸੋਮਵਾਰ
sōmvār ਮੰਗਲਵਾਰ
mangalvār ਬੁੱਧਵਾਰ
búdvār ਵੀਰਵਾਰ
vīrvār ਸ਼ੁੱਕਰਵਾਰ
shukkarvār ਸ਼ਨਿੱਚਰਵਾਰ
shaniccharvār
Odia
ରବିବାର
Rabibār ସୋମବାର
Sombār ମଙ୍ଗଳବାର
Mangalbār ବୁଧବାର
Buddhbār ଗୁରୁବାର
Gurubār ଶୁକ୍ରବାର
Shukrabār ଶନିବାର
Shanibār
Sinhala
ඉරිදා
Irida සඳුදා
Sanduda අඟහරුවාදා
Angaharuwada බදාදා
Badada බ්‍රහස්පතින්දා
Brahaspathinda සිකුරාදා
Sikurada සෙනසුරාදා
Senasurada
Sylheti
রবিবার
Robibar সোমবার
Shombar মঙ্গলবার
Mongolbar বুধবার
Budhbar বিষুধবার
Bishudhbar সুক্ষুরবার / জুম'আবার
Shukkurbar / Jum'abar[♀4] শনিবার
Shonibar
Telugu
ఆదివారం
Aadi Vāram సోమవారం
Soma Vāram మంగళవారం
Mangala Vāram బుధవారం
Budha Vāram గురువారం
Bestha/Guru/Lakshmi Vāram శుక్రవారం
Shukra Vāram శనివారం
Shani Vāram
Tamil
ஞாயிறு
Gnyāyiru திங்கள்
Thingal செவ்வாய்
Chevvāi புதன்
Budhan வியாழன்
Viyāzhan வெள்ளி
Velli சனி
Sani
Sanskrit
भानुवासरम्
Bhānuvāsaram इन्दुवासरम्
Induvāsaram भौमवासरम्
Bhaumavāsaram सौम्यवासरम्
Saumyavāsaram गुरुवासरम्
Guruvāsaram भृगुवासरम्
Bhṛguvāsaram स्थिरवासरम्
Sthiravāsaram
Shina
Adit
ادیت Tsunduro
تساند ورؤ Ungaro
نگارو Budo
بوڈو Brespat
بیرے سپاٹ Shukur
شوکر Shimsher
شیم شےر
Sindhi
Aacheru
آچر Soomaru
سومر Angaro
انڱارو Arbau
اربع Kameesa
خميس Jum'o
جمعو Chancher
ڇنڇر
Sylheti
রবিবার
Robibar সোমবার
Shombar মঙ্গলবার
Mongolbar বুধবার
Budhbar বিশুদ্ধবার
Bishudbar শুক্ষুরবার/জুমাবার
Shukkurbar/Jummabar শনিবার
Shonibar
Urdu
Itwār
اتوار Pīr
پیر [☽4] Mangal
منگل Bodh
بدھ Jumārāt
جمعرات Jummah
جمعہ[♀4] Heftah
ہفتہ [♄6]
Western Punjabi
(Shahmukhi)
Aitwār
اتوار Pīr
پیر Mangal
منگل Budh
بدھ Jumāy-rāt
جمعرات Jummah
جمعہ Hafta
ہفتہ
Southeast Asian languages[edit]
The Southeast Asian tradition also uses the Hindu names of the days of the week. Hindu astrology adopted the concept of days under the regency of a planet under the term vāra, the days of the week being called āditya-, soma-, maṅgala-, budha-, guru-, śukra-, and śani-vāra. śukrá is a name of Venus (regarded as a son of Bhṛgu); guru is here a title of Bṛhaspati, and hence of Jupiter; budha "Mercury" is regarded as a son of Soma, i.e. the Moon.[16]
Sunday
the Sun
(Aditya, Ravi)
Monday
the Moon
(Soma, Chandra, Indu)
Tuesday
Mars
(Mangala)
Wednesday
Mercury
(Budha)
Thursday
Jupiter
(Bṛhaspati, Guru)
Friday
Venus
(Shukra)
Saturday
Saturn
(Shani)
Burmese
တနင်္ဂနွေ[☉9]
IPA: [tənɪ́ɴ ɡənwè]
(ta.nangga.nwe) တနင်္လာ[☽5]
IPA: [tənɪ́ɴ là]
(ta.nangla) အင်္ဂါ
IPA: [ɪ̀ɴ ɡà]
(Angga) ဗုဒ္ဓဟူး
IPA: [boʊʔ dəhú]
(Buddhahu)
(afternoon=new day)
ရာဟု
Rahu ကြာသာပတေး
IPA: [tɕà ðà bədé]
(Krasapate) သောကြာ
IPA: [θaʊʔ tɕà]
(Saukra) စနေ
IPA: [sənè]
(Cane)
Mon
တ္ၚဲ အဒိုတ်
[ŋoa ətɜ̀t]
from Sans. āditya တ္ၚဲ စန်
[ŋoa cɔn]
from Sans. candra တ္ၚဲ အၚါ
[ŋoa əŋɛ̀a]
from Sans. aṅgāra တ္ၚဲ ဗုဒ္ဓဝါ
[ŋoa pùt-həwɛ̀a]
from Sans. budhavāra တ္ၚဲ ဗြဴဗ္တိ
[ŋoa pɹɛ̀apətɔeʔ]
from Sans. bṛhaspati တ္ၚဲ သိုက်.
[ŋoa sak]
from Sans. śukra တ္ၚဲ သ္ၚိ သဝ်
[ŋoa hɔeʔ sɔ]
from Sans. śani
Khmer
ថ្ងៃអាទិត្យ
[tŋaj ʔaːtɨt] ថ្ងៃចន្ទ
[tŋaj can] ថ្ងៃអង្គារ
[tŋaj ʔɑŋkiə] ថ្ងៃពុធ
[tŋaj put] ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បត្ណិ
[tŋaj prɔhoə̯h] ថ្ងៃសុក្រ
[tŋaj sok] ថ្ងៃសៅរ៍
[tŋaj saʋ]
Lao
ວັນອາທິດ
[wán ʔàːtʰīt] ວັນຈັນ
[wán càn] ວັນອັງຄານ
[wán ʔàŋkʰáːn] ວັນພຸດ
[wán pʰūt] ວັນພະຫັດ
[wán pʰāhát] ວັນສຸກ
[wán súk] ວັນເສົາ
[wán sǎu]
Cham
Adit Thôm Angar But jip Suk Thanưchăn
Shan
ဝၼ်းဢႃတိတ်ႉ
IPA: [wan˦ ʔaː˩ tit˥] ဝၼ်းၸၼ်
IPA: [wan˦ tsan˩] ဝၼ်းဢင်းၵၼ်း
IPA: [wan˦ ʔaŋ˦ kan˦] ဝၼ်းၽုတ်ႉ
IPA: [wan˦ pʰut˥] ဝၼ်းၽတ်း
IPA: [wan˦ pʰat˦] ဝၼ်းသုၵ်း
IPA: [wan˦ sʰuk˦] ဝၼ်းသဝ်
IPA: [wan˦ sʰaw˩]
Thai
วันอาทิตย์
Wan Āthit วันจันทร์
Wan Chan วันอังคาร
Wan Angkhān วันพุธ
Wan Phut วันพฤหัสบดี
Wan Phruehatsabodi วันศุกร์
Wan Suk วันเสาร์
Wan Sao
Javanese
Raditya Soma Anggara Buda Respati Sukra Tumpek
Balinese
Redite Soma Anggara Buda Wrespati Sukra Saniscara
East Asian languages[edit]
Sunday
the Sun
(Aditya, Ravi)
Monday
the Moon
(Soma, Chandra, Indu)
Tuesday
Mars
(Mangala)
Wednesday
Mercury
(Budha)
Thursday
Jupiter
(Bṛhaspati, Guru)
Friday
Venus
(Shukra)
Saturday
Saturn
(Shani)
Mongolian
адъяа
ad'yaa сумъяа
sum'yaa ангараг
angarag буд
bud бархабадь
barhabad' сугар
sugar санчир
sanchir
East Asian tradition[edit]
The East Asian naming system for the days of the week closely parallels that of the Latin system and is ordered after the "Seven Luminaries" (七曜 qī yào), which consists of the Sun, Moon and the five planets visible to the naked eye.
The Chinese seem to have adopted the seven-day week from the Hellenistic system by the 4th century, although by which route is not entirely clear. It was again transmitted to China in the 8th century by Manichaeans, via the country of Kang (a Central Asian polity near Samarkand).[17] The 4th-century date, according to the Cihai encyclopedia,[year needed] is due to a reference to Fan Ning (範寧/范宁), an astrologer of the Jin Dynasty. The renewed adoption from Manichaeans in the 8th century (Tang Dynasty) is documented with the writings of the Chinese Buddhist monk Yi Jing and the Ceylonese Buddhist monk Bu Kong.
The Chinese transliteration of the planetary system was soon brought to Japan by the Japanese monk Kobo Daishi; surviving diaries of the Japanese statesman Fujiwara Michinaga show the seven day system in use in Heian Period Japan as early as 1007. In Japan, the seven day system was kept in use (for astrological purposes) until its promotion to a full-fledged (Western-style) calendrical basis during the Meiji era. In China, with the founding of the Republic of China in 1911, Monday through Saturday in China are now named after the luminaries implicitly with the numbers.
For more information on the Chinese ten-day week, see Chinese_calendar § Day.2C_hour.2C_and_week.
For more information on the five elements and their relation to the planets, see Chinese astrology § Wu Xing, and Wu Xing.
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Celestial Object
Sun (日)
First Star Moon (月)
Second Star Mars (火)
Third Star Mercury (水)
Fourth Star Jupiter (木)
Fifth Star Venus (金)
Sixth Star Saturn (土)
Seventh Star
Classical Chinese
日曜日
Rìyàorì 月曜日
Yuèyàorì 火曜日
Huǒyàorì 水曜日
Shuǐyàorì 木曜日
Mùyàorì 金曜日
Jīnyàorì 土曜日
Tǔyàorì
Japanese
日曜日
Nichiyōbi 月曜日
Getsuyōbi 火曜日
Kayōbi 水曜日
Suiyōbi 木曜日
Mokuyōbi 金曜日
Kin'yōbi 土曜日
Doyōbi
Korean
일요일
日曜日
Ilyoil 월요일
月曜日
Wolyoil 화요일
火曜日
Hwayoil 수요일
水曜日
Suyoil 목요일
木曜日
Mogyoil 금요일
金曜日
Geumyoil 토요일
土曜日
Toyoil
Mongolian
наран өдөр naraŋ ödör саран өдөр saraŋ ödör гал өдөр gal ödör усан өдөр usaŋ ödör модон өдөр modoŋ ödör төмөр өдөр, алтан өдөр tömör ödör, altaŋ ödör шороон өдөр shorooŋ ödör
Tibetan
གཟའ་ཉི་མ།
(gza' nyi ma)
Nyima གཟའ་ཟླ་བ།
(gza' zla wa)
Dawa གཟའ་མིག་དམར།
(gza' mig dmar)
Mikmar གཟའ་ལྷག་པ།
(gza' lhak pa)
Lhakpa གཟའ་ཕུར་བུ།
(gza' phur bu)
Purbu གཟའ་པ་སངས།
(gza' pa sangs)
Pasang གཟའ་སྤེན་པ།
(gza' spen ba)
Penba
Pronunciations for Classical Chinese names are given in Standard Chinese.
For Standard Chinese nomenclature of the days of the week, see Names of the days of the week § Mixing of numbering and astronomy.
Numbered days of the week[edit]
Days numbered from Sunday[edit]
See also: Feria
Sunday comes first in order in calendars shown in the table below. In the Judeo-Christian or Abrahamic tradition, the first day of the week is Sunday. Biblical Sabbath (corresponding to Saturday), when God rested from six-day Creation, made the day following Sabbath the first day of the week (corresponding to Sunday). Seventh-day Sabbaths were sanctified for celebration and rest. After the week was adopted in early Christianity, Sunday remained the first day of the week, but also gradually displaced Saturday as the day of celebration and rest, being considered the Lord's Day.
Saint Martin of Dumio (c. 520–580), archbishop of Braga, decided not to call days by pagan gods and to use ecclesiastic terminology to designate them. While the custom of numbering the days of the week was mostly prevalent in the Eastern Church, Portuguese and Galician, due to Martin's influence, are the only Romance languages in which the names of the days come from numbers rather than planetary names.[18]
Icelandic is a special case within the Germanic languages, maintaining only the Sun and Moon (sunnudagur and mánudagur respectively), while dispensing with the names of the explicitly heathen gods in favour of a combination of numbered days and days whose names are linked to pious or domestic routine (föstudagur, "Fasting Day" and laugardagur, "Washing Day"). The "washing day" is also used in other North Germanic languages, but otherwise the names correspond to those of English.
Day
Number From One
Sunday
Day One
Monday
Day Two
Tuesday
Day Three
Wednesday
Day Four
Thursday
Day Five
Friday
Day Six
Saturday
Day Seven
Icelandic
sunnudagur (Sun) mánudagur (Moon) þriðjudagur miðvikudagur [☿1] fimmtudagur föstudagur [♀1] laugardagur [♄2]
Faroese
sunnudagur mánadagur týsdagur mikudagur hósdagur fríggjadagur leygardagur
Hebrew
ראשון
rishon שני
sheyni שלישי
shlishi רביעי
revi'i חמישי
khamishi שישי
shishi שבת
Shabbat[♄1]
Ecclesiastical Latin
Dominica [☉1] feria secunda feria tertia feria quarta feria quinta feria sexta sabbatum [♄1]
Portuguese
domingo [☉1] segunda-feira terça-feira quarta-feira quinta-feira sexta-feira sábado [♄1]
Galician
domingo [☉1] segunda feira terza feira
terceira feira corta feira
quarta feira quinta feira sexta feira sábado [♄1]
Tetum
loron-domingu loron-segunda loron-tersa loron-kuarta loron-kinta loron-sesta loron-sábadu
Greek
Κυριακή
Kyriakí [☉1] Δευτέρα
Deftéra Τρίτη
Tríti Τετάρτη
Tetárti Πέμπτη
Pémpti Παρασκευή
Paraskeví [♀2] Σάββατο
Sávato [♄1]
Georgian
კვირა k'vira ორშაბათი oršabati სამშაბათი samšabati ოთხშაბათი otxšabati ხუთშაბათი xutšabati პარასკევი p'arask'evi შაბათი šabati
Armenian
Կիրակի
Kiraki [☉1] Երկուշաբթի
Yerkushabti Երեքշաբթի
Yerekshabti Չորեքշաբթի
Chorekshabti Հինգշաբթի
Hingshabti Ուրբաթ
Urbat Շաբաթ
Shabat [♄1]
Vietnamese
chủ nhật (chúa nhật) (ngày) thứ hai (ngày) thứ ba (ngày) thứ tư (ngày) thứ năm (ngày) thứ sáu (ngày) thứ bảy
Somali
Axad Isniin Talaado Arbaco Khamiis Jimco Sabti
Amharic
እሑድ
əhud ሰኞ
säñño (Next) ማክሰኞ
maksäñño ረቡዕ, ሮብ
räbu, rob ሐሙስ
hamus ዓርብ
arb (Sunset) ቅዳሜ
ḳədame (First)
Arabic
يوم) الأحد)
(yawm) al-aḥad يوم) الإثنين)
(yawm) al-ithnayn يوم) الثُّلَاثاء)
(yawm) ath-thulāthā’ يوم) الأَرْبعاء)
(yawm) al-’arbi‘ā’ يوم) الخَمِيس)
(yawm) al-khamīs يوم) الجُمْعَة)
(yawm) al-jum‘ah [♀4] يوم) السَّبْت)
(yawm) as-sabt [♄5]
Maltese
il-Ħadd it-Tnejn it-Tlieta l-Erbgħa il-Ħamis il-Ġimgħa [♀4] is-Sibt [♄5]
Malay
Ahad Isnin Selasa Rabu Khamis Jumaat [♀4] Sabtu [♄5]
Indonesian
Minggu [☉1] (Portuguese)
Ahad Senin Selasa Rabu Kamis Jumat [♀4] Sabtu [♄5]
Javanese
Ngahad, Ngakad,
Minggu[☉1] (Portuguese) Senèn Selasa Rebo Kemis Jemuwah [♀4] Setu [♄5]
Sundanese
Minggu / Minggon [☉1] (Portuguese) Senén Salasa Rebo Kemis Jumaah [♀4] Saptu [♄5]
Persian
یکشنبه
yekšanbe
Mehr ruz
مهرروز دوشنبه
došanbe
Māh ruz
ماه روز سه شنبه
sešanbe
Bahrām ruz
بهرام روز چهارشنبه
čāhāršanbe
Tir ruz
تیر روز پنجشنبه
panjšanbe
Hormazd ruz
هرمزد روز آدینه or جمعه
ādine [♀3] or djome [♀4]
Nāhid ruz
ناهید روز شنبه
šanbe
Keyvān ruz
کیوان روز
Khowar
یک شمبے
yak shambey دو شمبے[☽4]
du shambey سہ شمبے
sey shambey چار شمبے
char shambey پچھمبے
pachhambey آدینہ[♀3]
adina شمبے
shambey
Kurdish
Yekşem Duşem Sêşem Çarşem Pêncşem În Şemî
Old Turkic
birinç kün ikinç kün üçünç kün törtinç kün beşinç kün altınç kün yetinç kün
Turkish
Pazar [☉4] Pazartesi [☽2] Salı [♂4] Çarşamba [☿4] Perşembe [♃4] Cuma [♀4] Cumartesi [♄4]
Uzbek
Yakshanba Dushanba Seshanba Chorshanba Payshanba Juma Shanba
Navajo
Damóo/Damíigo [☉1] (Spanish) Damóo Biiskání
Sunday has ended Damóo dóó Naakiską́o
Sunday +2 × sunrise Damóo dóó Tááʼ Yiką́o
Sunday +3 × sunrise Damóo dóó Dį́į́ʼ Yiką́o
Sunday +4 × sunrise Ndaʼiiníísh
It ends/done for the week Yiką́o Damóo
[upon] sunrise [it is] Sunday
Days numbered from Monday[edit]
The ISO prescribes Monday as the first day of the week with ISO-8601 for software date formats.
The Slavic, Baltic and Uralic languages (except Finnish and partially Estonian) adopted numbering but took Monday rather than Sunday as the "first day".[19] This convention is also found in some Austronesian languages whose speakers were converted to Christianity by European missionaries.[20]
In Slavic languages, some of the names correspond to numerals after Sunday: compare Russian vtornik "Tuesday" and vtoroj "the following", chetverg "Thursday" and chetvertyj "the fourth", pyatnitsa "Friday" and pyatyj "the fifth"; see also the Notes.
Day
Number From One
Monday
Day One
Tuesday
Day Two
Wednesday
Day Three
Thursday
Day Four
Friday
Day Five
Saturday
Day Six
Sunday
Day Seven
ISO 8601 #
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Russian
понедельник
ponedel'nik [☽1] вторник
vtornik среда
sreda [☿1] четверг
chetverg пятница
pyatnitsa суббота
subbota [♄1] воскресенье
voskresen'ye [☉3]
Belarusian
панядзелак
panyadzelak [☽1] аўторак
awtorak серада
serada [☿1] чацвер
chats'ver пятніца
pyatnitsa субота
subota [♄1] нядзеля
nyadzelya [☉6]
Ukrainian
понедiлок
ponedilok [☽1] вiвторок
vivtorok середа
sereda [☿1] четвер
chetver п'ятниця
p'yatnitsya субота
subota [♄1] недiля
nedilya [☉6]
Bulgarian
понеделник
ponedelnik [☽1] вторник
vtornik сряда
sryada [☿1] четвъртък
chetvărtăk петък
petăk събота
săbota [♄1] неделя
nedelya [☉6]
Polish
poniedziałek [☽1] wtorek środa [☿1] czwartek piątek sobota [♄1] niedziela [☉6]
Kashubian
pòniedzôłk wtórk strzoda czwiôrtk piątk sobòta niedzela
Slovak
pondelok [☽1] utorok streda [☿1] štvrtok piatok sobota [♄1] nedeľa [☉6]
Czech
pondělí or pondělek [☽1] úterý or úterek středa [☿1] čtvrtek pátek sobota [♄1] neděle [☉6]
Slovene
ponedeljek [☽1] torek sreda [☿1] četrtek petek sobota [♄1] nedelja [☉6]
Bosnian
ponedjeljak utorak srijeda četvrtak petak subota nedjelja
Croatian
ponedjeljak [☽1] utorak srijeda [☿1] četvrtak petak subota [♄1] nedjelja [☉6]
Serbian
понедељак
ponedeljak [☽1] уторак
utorak среда
sreda [☿1] четвртак
četvrtak петак
petak субота
subota [♄1] недеља
nedelja [☉6]
Macedonian
понеделник
ponedelnik [☽1] вторник
vtornik среда
sreda [☿1] четврток
chetvrtok петок
petok сабота
sabota [♄1] недела
nedela [☉6]
Lithuanian
pirmadienis antradienis trečiadienis ketvirtadienis penktadienis šeštadienis sekmadienis
Latvian
pirmdiena otrdiena trešdiena ceturtdiena piektdiena sestdiena svētdiena
Hungarian
hétfő [☽3] kedd [♂2] szerda [☿1] Slavic csütörtök Slavic péntek Slavic szombat [♄1] Slavic vasárnap [☉5]
Estonian
esmaspäev teisipäev kolmapäev neljapäev reede laupäev pühapäev
Mongolian
(numerical)
нэг дэх өдөр
neg dekh ödör хоёр дахь өдөр
hoyor dahi ödör гурав дахь өдөр
gurav dahi ödör дөрөв дэх өдөр
döröv dekh ödör тав дахь өдөр
tav dahi ödör хагас сайн өдөр
hagas sayn ödör [♄7] бүтэн сайн өдөр
büten sayn ödör [☉7]
Mongolian
(Tibetan)
даваа
davaa мягмар
myagmar лхагва
lhagva пүрэв
pürev баасан
baasan бямба
byamba ням
nyam
Luo
Wuok tich Tich ariyo Tich adek Tich ang'uen Tich abich Chieng' ngeso Juma pil
Tok Pisin (Melanesian Pidgin)
mande tunde trinde fonde fraide sarere sande
Apma (Vanuatu)
ren bwaleh / mande[21] ren karu ren katsil ren kavet ren kalim lesaare sande
In Standard Chinese, the week is referred to as the cycle of the stars (Chinese: 星期; pinyin: Xīngqī). The modern Chinese names for the days of the week are based on a simple numerical sequence. The word for 'week' (which is literally translated to 'star day') is followed by a number indicating the day: 'Monday' is literally 'star day one', 'Tuesday' is 'star day two', etc. The exception is Sunday, where rì (日), meaning 'sun' or 'day', is used instead of a number.[22]
Day
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Standard Chinese
星期一
Xīngqīyī 星期二
Xīngqí'èr 星期三
Xīngqīsān 星期四
Xīngqīsì 星期五
Xīngqīwǔ 星期六
Xīngqīliù 星期日
Xīngqīrì
Days numbered from Saturday[edit]
In Swahili, the day begins at sunrise rather than sunset, and so are offset by twelve hours from the Arabic and Hebrew calendar. Saturday is therefore the first day of the week, as it is the day that includes the first night of the week in Arabic.
Etymologically speaking, Swahili has two "fifth" days. The words for Saturday through Wednesday contain the Bantu-derived Swahili words for "one" through "five". The word for Thursday, Alhamisi, is of Arabic origin and means "the fifth" (day). The word for Friday, Ijumaa, is also Arabic and means (day of) "gathering" for the Friday noon prayers in Islam.
Day
Number from One
Saturday
Day One
Sunday
Day Two
Monday
Day Three
Tuesday
Day Four
Wednesday
Day Five
Thursday
Day Six
Friday
Day Seven
Swahili[23]
jumamosi jumapili jumatatu jumanne jumatano alhamisi [♃2] ijumaa [♀4]
Mixing of numbering and astronomy[edit]
In the Žejane dialect of Istro-Romanian, lur (Monday) and virer (Friday) follow the Latin convention, while utorek (Tuesday), sredu (Wednesday), and četrtok (Thursday) follow the Slavic convention.[24]
Day
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Istro-Romanian, Žejane dialect
lur utorek sredu četrtok virer simbota [♄1] dumireca [☉1]
There are several systems in the different Basque dialects.[25]
Day:
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
Standard Basque, Guipuscoan Basque
astelehena ("week-first") asteartea ("week-between") asteazkena ("week-last") osteguna ("Ortzi/Sky day") ostirala (see Ortzi) larunbata ("fourth", "meeting of friends"), neskenegun ("girls' day") igandea
Biscayne Basque
astelena ("week-first"), ilen ("Moon day") martitzena ("Mars day") eguaztena ("day last") eguena ("day of days", "day of light") barikua ("day without supper"), egubakotx zapatua (compare with Spanish sábado from Sabbath) domeka (from Latin Dominica [dies])
In Judaeo-Spanish (Ladino), which is mainly based on a medieval version of Spanish, the five days of Monday–Friday closely follow the Spanish names. Sunday uses the Arabic name, which is based on numbering, because a Jewish language was not likely to adapt a name based on "Lord's Day" for Sunday. As in Spanish, the Ladino name for Saturday is based on Sabbath. However, as a Jewish language—and with Saturday being the actual day of rest in the Jewish community—Ladino directly adapted the Hebrew name, Shabbat.[26]
Day
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Judaeo-Spanish (Ladino)
Alhadh Lunes Martes Miércoles Juğeves Viernes Shabat [♄1]
See also[edit]
Akan names of the seven-day week, known as Nawotwe
Bahá'í calendar (section Weekdays)
Calculating the day of the week
Week
Work Week
Notes[edit]
Sunday[edit]
☉1 From Latin Dominicus (Dominica) or Greek Κυριακή (Christian Sabbath)
☉2 Holy Day and First-Day of the Week (Day of the Sun -> Light -> Resurrection -> Born again)(Christianity)
☉3 Resurrection (Christianity)
☉4 Bazaar Day
☉5 Market Day
☉6 No Work
☉7 Full good day
☉8 Borrowed from English week
☉9 From an Old Burmese word, not of Indic origin.
Monday[edit]
☽1 After No Work. In Russian also "Day After Week(end)" - see понедельник
☽2 After Bazaar
☽3 Head of Week
☽4 Master (as in Pir, because Muhammad was born on a Monday[citation needed])
☽5 From an Old Burmese word, not of Indic origin.
Tuesday[edit]
♂1 Thing (Assembly), of which god Tyr/Ziu was the patron.
♂2 Second day of the week (cf. Hungarian kettő "two")
♂3 Third day of the week.
♂4 From Arabic "ath-Thalaathaaʼ" (third day)
Wednesday[edit]
☿1 Mid-week or Middle
☿2 The First Fast (Christianity)
Thursday[edit]
♃1 The day between two fasts (An Dé idir dhá aoin, contracted to An Déardaoin) (Christianity)
♃2 Five (Arabic)
♃3 Fifth day of the week.
Friday[edit]
♀1 The Fast (Celtic) or Fasting Day (Icelandic) (Christianity)
♀2 Good Friday or Preparation (Christianity)
♀3 Jumu'ah (Muslim Sabbath)
♀4 Gathering/Assembly/Meeting (Islam) – in Malta with no Islamic connotations
Saturday[edit]
♄1 Shabbat (Jewish Sabbath)
♄2 Wash or Bath day
♄3 Sun-eve (Eve of Sunday)
♄4 After the Gathering (Islam)
♄5 End of the Week (Arabic Sabt = Rest)
♄6 Week
♄7 Half good day
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Nerone Caesare Augusto Cosso Lentuol Cossil fil. Cos. VIII idus Febr(u)arius dies solis, luna XIIIIX nun(dinae) Cumis, V (idus Februarias) nun(dinae) Pompeis. Robert Hannah, "Time in Written Spaces", in: Peter Keegan, Gareth Sears, Ray Laurence (eds.), Written Space in the Latin West, 200 BC to AD 300, A&C Black, 2013, p. 89.
Jump up ^ E. G. Richards, Mapping Time, the Calendar and History, Oxford 1999. p. 269 (The treatise is lost, but the answer to the question is known, see planetary hours).
Jump up ^ "Days of the Week Meaning and Origin". Astrologyclub.org. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
Jump up ^ replacing a system of n "one-, three-, five-, ten-, or fifteen-day periods" (>Dáibhí Ó Cróinín, 2003, p. 7). MS. 17 (now held at St. John's College, Oxford), dating at least from 1043, records five week-day lists, which it names as follows: secundum Hebreos (according to the Hebrews); secundum antiquos gentiles (according to the ancient gentiles, i.e., Romans); secundum Siluestrum papam (according to Pope Sylvester I, i.e., a list derived from the apocryphal Acta Syluestri); secundum Anglos (according to the English); secundum Scottos (according to the Irish).
Jump up ^ "we have a clear reflex of the Indo-European nominative singular, with a lengthened grade, giving archaic Old Irish diu; it is suggested that what we have in the Oxford list and in Cormac's Glossary is the oldest form of Old Irish dia, representing the old nominative case of the noun in adverbial usage." Dáibhí Ó Cróinín, 2003, p. 12
Jump up ^ The word scrol is glossed in Sanas Cormaic as Scroll .i. soillsi, unde est aput Scottos diu srol.i. dies solis "Srcoll, that is brightness, whence 'diu srol' among the Irish, that is Sunday".
Jump up ^ Ó Cróinín has Diu luna as "represent[ing] the transitional form between Latin dies lunae and the later, Classical Old Irish dia luain ... a translation of, not a calque on, the Latin ... [It] would seem to reflect a pre-assimilation state in respect of both words," Dáibhí Ó Cróinín, 2003, p. 13
Jump up ^ "The Irish word perhaps derives from Latin forms where cases other than the genitive were used, e.g., Marte."Dáibhí Ó Cróinín, 2003, p. 15
Jump up ^ A form unique to Irish, meaning uncertain. A "very old" word for Wednesday, Mercúir (borrowed from the Latin (dies) Mercurii), does occur in early Leinster poems but Ó Cróinín is of the belief that Diu eathamon "reflects a still older Irish word for 'Wednesday.'"
Jump up ^ A form unique to Irish. Ó Cróinín writes, "I suggest that it means simply 'on Thursday' ... it is temporal dat. of an n-stem (nom. sg. etham, gen. sg. ethamon – as in our Oxford list – and acc./dat. sg. ethamain)." (2003, p. 17) He furthermore suggests that etham ('arable land') "may be a noun of agency from ith (gen. sg. etho), with a meaning like corn-maker or some such thing; Diu eathamon might then be a day for sowing seed in a weekly regimen of activities such as we find in Críth Gablach." Dáibhí Ó Cróinín, 2003, p. 17. The form Ethomuin is found in Rawlinson B 502.
Jump up ^ A form unique to Irish, its meaning unclear.
Jump up ^ [1] " Māori Language Commission names for the days of the week" on Te Kete Ipurangi website, viewed 2017-12-07
Jump up ^ "Official Web Gateway to the Government of Timor-Leste - Tetum Phrases". gov.east-timor.org. Retrieved 2017-11-22.
Jump up ^ see J. Grimm, Teutonic Mythology, p. 122-123
Jump up ^ Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899), s.v. vāra.
Jump up ^ Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899), s.v. vāra.
Jump up ^ The Chinese encyclopaedia Cihai (辞海) under the entry for "seven luminaries calendar" (七曜历/七曜曆, qī yào lì) has: "method of recording days according to the seven luminaries [七曜 qī yào]. China normally observes the following order: Sun, Mon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, and Saturn. Seven days make one week, which is repeated in a cycle. Originated in ancient Babylon (or ancient Egypt according to one theory). Used by the Romans at the time of the 1st century AD, later transmitted to other countries. This method existed in China in the 4th century. It was also transmitted to China by Manichaeans in the 8th century from the country of Kang (康) in Central Asia" (translation after Bathrobe's Days of the Week in Chinese, Japanese & Vietnamese, plus Mongolian and Buryat (cjvlang.com)
Jump up ^ Richard A. Fletcher (1999). The Barbarian Conversion: From Paganism to Christianity. University of California Press. p. 257. ISBN 978-0-520-21859-8. McKenna, Stephen (1938). "Pagan Survivals in Galicia in the Sixth Century". Paganism and Pagan Survivals in Spain Up to the Fall of the Visigothic Kingdom. Catholic University of America. pp. 93–94. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Falk, Michael (19 March 1999). "Astronomical names for the days of the week". Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 93 (1999–06): 122–133. Bibcode:1999JRASC..93..122F. doi:10.1016/j.newast.2003.07.002.
Jump up ^ Gray, 2012. The Languages of Pentecost Island.
Jump up ^ Ren is "day". Numbered weekdays are used for Tuesday-Friday and sometimes Monday; the names for Saturday and Sunday come from English.
Jump up ^ "Days of the Week in Chinese: Three Different Words for 'Week'". Cjvlang. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Swahili days, months, dates". online.fr. Archived from the original on 9 August 2007.
Jump up ^ [2] Archived 20 November 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Astronomy and Basque Language, Henrike Knörr, Oxford VI and SEAC 99 "Astronomy and Cultural Diversity", La Laguna, June 1999. It references Alessandro Bausani, 1982, The prehistoric Basque week of three days: archaeoastronomical notes, The Bulletin of the Center for Archaeoastronomy (Maryland), v. 2, 16-22.
Jump up ^ See the image in Anthony, Charlotte. "Rushing to preserve Ladino legacies". Crescent City Jewish News. Retrieved 31 May 2016. The Ladino names are in the right-hand column, written in Hebrew characters.
Further reading[edit]
Brown, Cecil H. (1989). "Naming the days of the week: A cross-language study of lexical acculturation". Current Anthropology. 30 (4): 536–550. doi:10.1086/203782. JSTOR 2743391.
Falk, Michael (1999). "Astronomical Names for the Days of the Week". Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 93: 122–133. Bibcode:1999JRASC..93..122F. doi:10.1016/j.newast.2003.07.002.
Neugebauer, Otto (1979). Ethiopic astronomy and computus, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, philosophisch-historische klasse, sitzungsberichte, 347 (Vienna)
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