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Hit the Road Jack
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This article is about the single by Ray Charles. For the album by Big Youth, see Hit the Road Jack (album). For the television series, see Hit the Road Jack (TV series).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
"Hit the Road Jack"
Single by Ray Charles
from the album Ray Charles Greatest Hits
B-side
"The Danger Zone"
Released
1961
Format
7" single, 45rpm
Genre
R&B
Length
1:57
Label
ABC-Paramount
Songwriter(s)
Percy Mayfield
Ray Charles singles chronology
"Ruby"
(1960) "Hit the Road Jack"
(1961) "I'm Gonna Move to the Outskirts of Town"
(1961)
"Ruby"
(1960) "Hit the Road Jack"
(1961) "I'm Gonna Move to the Outskirts of Town"
(1961)
"Hit the Road Jack" is a song written by the rhythm and blues artist Percy Mayfield and first recorded in 1960 as an a cappella demo sent to Art Rupe. It became famous after it was recorded by the singer-songwriter-pianist Ray Charles with The Raelettes vocalist Margie Hendrix.
Charles's recording hit number one for two weeks on the Billboard Hot 100, beginning on Monday, October 9, 1961. "Hit the Road Jack" won a Grammy award for Best Rhythm and Blues Recording. The song was number one on the R&B Sides chart for five weeks, thereby becoming Charles's sixth number-one on that chart. The song is ranked number 387 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time".
Contents
[hide]
1 Cover versions
1.1 The Stampeders
1.2 Other versions
2 References in popular culture and usage in media
3 Charts
4 References
5 External links
Cover versions[edit]
The Stampeders[edit]
In 1976, Canadian band The Stampeders released a version of the song featuring DJ Wolfman Jack. The song was a hit, reaching number 6 in Canada and the top 40 in the US.[1]
Other versions[edit]
Rough Copy sang "Hit the Road Jack" on the fifth live show of the tenth series of The X Factor.
In 2013, Pentatonix sang "Hit the Road Jack" on PTX, Vol. II and PTX, Vols. 1 & 2.
Nika Terenteva from The Voice Kids Russia covered the song in 2014.
Jazz Fusion artist Peter White recorded an acoustic guitar cover on his 2006 album Playin' Favorites.
References in popular culture and usage in media[edit]
The Buffalo Bill episode "Hit the Road, Newdell" includes a dream sequence where Dabney Coleman's character lipsyncs the Ray Charles version of the song. This musical sequence was deleted from the DVD release because producers were unable to secure rights to include the song.[2]
In the Two and a Half Men episode "A Bottle of Wine and a Jackhammer", Charlie plays the piece in delight on his piano as Alan moves out of his house.
The sitcom Unhappily Ever After used the song as its theme.
The song is featured in Kenneth Anger's 1964 short film Scorpio Rising.[3]
Ray Charles' version is played over the PA during Chicago Bulls games when an opponent fouls out of the game.
A version is played over the PA in Chicago Cubs games when an opposing pitcher is 'chased' (pulled) from the game.
The song is featured in the 1980 film Cheech and Chong's Next Movie after the main characters are kicked out of the welfare office.
The song, performed by the characters appeared in the 1981 Arthur Penn film Four Friends[4]
It plays during the closing credits of 1989 film The Dream Team.
During the late 1980s and early 1990s, Kentucky Fried Chicken released a series of TV advertisements that used a rerecorded version of the song, re-titled "Cross the Road Jack"; additionally, the line "and don't you come back no more" was also changed to "Kentucky Fried Chicken's got more".
The song is featured in the 1995 film Man of the House, which features Chevy Chase as a character named Jack.
The song is referenced in the hook of British singer Conor Maynard's single "R U Crazy".
In the movie The Fisher King, radio DJ Jack Lucas uses it as the closing theme for his phone in show.
EastEnders actor Scott Maslen and professional dancer Natalie Lowe danced a Jive to this song in the 8th series of Strictly Come Dancing in week 7, scoring 39 points out of 40 from the judges.
The song is referenced and sampled on Kid Rock's 2001 hit "Forever".
Since March of 2005, the song was played on repeat on the website YTMND for banned users when trying to access content on the site.
Ray Charles' version plays over the closing credits of the 2006 film Failure to Launch.
In the late 2000s, Pizza brand Delissio used this in one of their advertisements.
The song is included in the 2015 dance exergame Just Dance 2016 as an in-house cover production under the pseudonym "Charles Percy", presumably from the names of Ray Charles, the singer who popularized the tune, and Percy Mayfield, the song's composer.
In the 2016 film Deadpool it is briefly played while Wade Wilson is in a garbage truck.
In the MTV game show Remote Control, audience sang this song when the contestants sprang through the wall after they lost.
A recording of the song was sampled by dance artist Throttle on an electronic swing/disco song also entitled "Hit the Road Jack".
Charts[edit]
Chart (1961)
Peak
position
Australia (Kent Music Report)[5]
3
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[6]
13
France (SNEP)[7]
42
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[8]
6
US Billboard Hot 100[9]
1
US Hot R&B Sides (Billboard)[9]
1
Chart (2011)
Peak
position
France (SNEP)[10]
90
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2011). Top Pop Singles 1955–2010. Record Research, Inc. p. 847. ISBN 0-89820-188-8.
Jump up ^ Weinberg, Scott (October 11, 2005). "Buffalo Bill - The Complete First and Second Seasons". DVD Talk. Retrieved December 10, 2013.
Jump up ^ Kenneth Anger - Scorpio Rising 1964 / With Interview, YouTube.
Jump up ^ [1].
Jump up ^ Kent, David (2005). Australian Chart Book (1940–1969). Turramurra: Australian Chart Book. ISBN 0-646-44439-5.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Ray Charles – Hit the Road Jack" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved March 8, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Accès direct à ces Artistes: Ray Charles" (in French). InfoDisc. Archived from the original (select "Ray Charles" and then click "Go") on February 17, 2014. Retrieved March 8, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved March 8, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Ray Charles – Awards". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved March 8, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Lescharts.com – Ray Charles – Hit the Road Jack" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved March 8, 2014.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
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Ray (soundtrack)
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Mandy Moore (choreographer)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the choreographer. For the singer-songwriter and actress, see Mandy Moore.
This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (August 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Mandy Moore
Born
Samantha Jo Moore
(1976-03-28) March 28, 1976 (age 41)
St. Louis, Missouri
Occupation
Choreographer
Samantha Jo "Mandy" Moore (born March 28, 1976 in St. Louis, Missouri and raised in Breckenridge, Colorado) is an American choreographer who is well known for her work on Dancing with the Stars and on So You Think You Can Dance, having appeared on seasons 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14. Moore was nominated for Emmy Awards in 2008, 2011, 2013, 2014, and twice in 2017.[1][2] She won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography in 2017 for Dancing with the Stars ("On Top of the World" and "Carol of the Bells" from Season 23). She has also choreographed duet and group numbers for So You Think You Can Dance United Kingdom, Canada, Ukraine, and the Netherlands.
Moore choreographed the 2016 film La La Land.[3] Rehearsals took place at a production office in Atwater Village over the span of three to four months beginning in May 2015. For the film, Moore emphasized emotion rather than technique.[4] The film received widespread acclaim from critics.
Choreography for So You Think You Can Dance[edit]
Season
Week
Dancers
Style
Song
Note
3 2 Sabra Johnson
Dominic Sandoval Contemporary "I'll Stand by You"—The Pretenders
3 Anya Garnis
Danny Tidwell Hip-Hop "Oh Timbaland"—Timbaland
5 Sara Von Gillern
Pasha Kovalev Jazz "Body Language"—Queen
4 1 Kourtni Lind
Matt Dorame "Tainted Love"—Soft Cell
2 Chelsea Traille
Thayne Jasperson "Untouched"—The Veronicas
Courtney Galiano
Gev Manoukian Contemporary "Lost"—Anouk
4 Jessica King
William Wingfield Lyrical Jazz "Alone"—Heart
Chelsie Hightower
Mark Kanemura Jazz "Kiss Kiss"—Holly Valance (incorrectly listed as "Holly Vance")
5 Comfort Fedoke
Thayne Jasperson Contemporary "A Different Corner"—George Michael
Courtney Galiano
Gev Manoukian Jazz "Standing There"—The Creatures
8 Top 6 Contemporary "The Rose"—Bette Midler Result Show
5 1 Melissa Sandvig
Ade Obayomi "Right Here Waiting"—Richard Marx
3 Asuka Kondoh
Vitolio Jeune Jazz "Heartbreaker"—Pat Benatar
5 Caitlin Kinney
Jason Glover Lyrical Jazz "Show Me Heaven"—Maria McKee
6 1 Kathryn McCormick
Noelle Marsh
Billy Bell
Victor Smalley Contemporary "Viva La Vida"—Coldplay
3 Ashleigh Di Lello
Jakob Karr Jazz "Relax"—Frankie Goes to Hollywood
6 Mollee Gray
Russell Ferguson Lyrical Jazz "It Must Have Been Love"—Roxette
7 1 Lauren Froderman
Ade Obayomi Pop-Jazz "Oh Yeah"—Yello
2 Allison Holker
AdéChiké Torbert Contemporary "Listen to Your Heart" (Edmee's Unplugged Vocal Edit)—DHT
3 Kent Boyd
Allison Holker Jazz "Heartburn"—Alicia Keys
4 Lauren Gottlieb
Jose Ruiz Contemporary "Never Tear Us Apart"—INXS
Courtney Galiano
AdéChiké Torbert Jazz "Is You Is or Is You Ain't My Baby" (Rae & Christian Remix)—Dinah Washington
5 Billy Bell
Lauren Froderman "Boogie Shoes"—KC & the Sunshine Band
9 Kent Boyd
Lauren Froderman "Hip to Be Square"—Huey Lewis and the News
Charlie Bruce (SYTYCD U.K. winner)
Neil Haskell "I Surrender"—Celine Dion Guest dancers
Result Show
8 1 Ryan Ramirez
Ricky Jaime Jazz "Addicted to Love"—Robert Palmer
Melanie Moore
Marko Germar "Sing, Sing, Sing (With a Swing)" (Raf Marchesini Remix)—DKS
3 Caitlynn Lawson
Mitchell Kelly Contemporary "To Love You More"—Celine Dion
6 Neil Haskell
Melanie Moore "Total Eclipse of the Heart"—Bonnie Tyler
Lauren Froderman
Tadd Gadduang Jazz "Another One Bites the Dust"—Queen
9 3 Lindsay Arnold
Cole Horibe Contemporary "Wild Horses"—Charlotte Martin
Amelia Lowe
Will Thomas Jazz "You!"—The Creatures featuring Siouxsie Sioux
6 Melanie Moore
Cyrus "Glitch" Spencer "Badder Badder Schwing"—Freddy Fresh feat. Fatboy Slim
Tiffany Maher
Ade Obayomi Contemporary "The Power of Love"—Celine Dion
10 6 Malece Miller
Alan Bersten Jazz "Come Dance With Me"—Michael Bublé
Makenzie Dustman
Paul Karmiryan Contemporary "The Edge of Glory" (Live from A Very Gaga Thanksgiving)—Lady Gaga
7 Fik-shun
Melanie Moore Jazz "Feeling Good"—Jennifer Hudson
Jenna Johnson
Neil Haskell Contemporary "I Can't Make You Love Me"—Mark Masri
11 3 Top 16 Jazz "Take Me to the River"—Annie Lenox
Carly Blaney
Serge Onik Contemporary "Foolish Games"—Jewel
4 Tanisha Belnap
Rudy Abreu "Seduces Me"—Celine Dion
Top 7 Girls "My Immortal"—Evanescence
5 Ricky Ubeda
Lauren Froderman Rockabilly Jazz "Bossa Nova Baby" (Viva Remix)—Elvis Presley
6 Jessica Richens
Will Wingfield Contemporary "Earth Song"—Michael Jackson
12 7 Gaby Diaz
Robert Roldan
Contemporary "Angel"—Sarah McLachlan
8 Group Dance Contemporary "Everybody Hurts"—Jasmine Thompson
10 Gaby Diaz
Robert Roldan
Contemporary "Angel"—Sarah McLachlan Season Finale/ Finalists' picks
13 1 J. T. Church
Robert Roldan
Contemporary "Stand in the Light"—Jordan Smith
All-Stars Contemporary "Unsteady (Erich Lee Gravity Remix)"—X Ambassadors
4 J. T. Church
Robert Roldan
Jazz "Friend Like Me"—from Aladdin (Ne-Yo cover)
Ruby Castro
Leon "Kida" Burns
Contemporary "Over the Rainbow"—from The Wizard of Oz (Shawn McDonald cover)
5 Tate McRae
Kathryn McCormick
Contemporary "Rise Up"—Andra Day
All-Star Women Contemporary "This Is Not the End"—Clare Maguire
8 Top 10 and Maddie Contemporary "Small"—Lamb
J.T. Church
Robert Roldan
Contemporary "Stand in the Light"—Jordan Smith Season Finale/
Robert's pick
14 Academy Week #1 Academy Contestants Various "Brand New" - Atwater Men's Club Feat. Luke Wade
1 All-Stars Contemporary "Knocking On Heavens Door"—RAIGN
2 Top 10 and All-Stars Disco "You Should Be Dancing"—Bee Gees Co-choreographed with Val Chmerkovskiy
3 Kiki Nyemchek
Jenna Johnson
Contemporary "The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face"—George Michael
4 Koine Iwasaki
Marko Germar
Jazz "HandClap"—Fitz and The Tantrums
Lex Ishimoto
Gaby Diaz
Contemporary "Work Song"—Luke Wade
5 Taylor Sieve
Robert Roldan
Contemporary "To Make You Feel My Love" - Mick McAuley & Winifred Horan
7 Kiki Nyemchek
Jenna Johnson
Contemporary "The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face"—Jeffrey Gaines Kiki's pick
Koine Iwasaki
Taylor Sieve
Jazz "Black & Gold" — Brenna Whitaker
8 Top 10 and All-Stars Jazz "Dancing on the Ceiling" - Nick Wells Macy's performance
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Mandy Moore | Television Academy". Retrieved 2016-08-22.
Jump up ^ "Mandy Jo Moore | Television Academy". Retrieved 2016-08-22.
Jump up ^ Hill, Libby (January 8, 2017). "Golden Globes 2017 updates: What 'La La Land's' sweep means for the Oscar race; Meryl Streep's big speech and other memorable moments". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Reegan, Rebecca (September 12, 2016). "With 'La La Land,' Emma Stone and director Damien Chazelle aim to show that original musicals aren't all tapped out". Los Angeles Times.
[show]
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e
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Canada
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Denmark
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[show]
v
t
e
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography (2001–2025)
Jim Moore, George Pinney, and Jon Vanderkolff / Doug Jack, Sarah Kawahara and Kenny Ortega (2001)
Debra Brown (2002)
Sandra Bezic, A.C. Ciulla, Christopher Dean, Jamie Isley, and Michael Seibert (2003)
Jason Samuels Smith (2004)
Christopher Dean (2005)
Charles Klapow, Kenny Ortega, and Bonnie Story (2006)
Wade Robson / Mia Michaels / Rob Marshall and John Deluca (2007)
Wade Robson (2008)
Rob Ashford / Tyce Diorio (2009)
Mia Michaels (2010)
Mia Michaels / Tabitha and Napoleon D'umo (2011)
Joshua Bergasse (2012)
Derek Hough (2013)
Tabitha and Napoleon D'umo (2014)
Derek Hough, Julianne Hough, and Tessandra Chavez / Travis Wall (2015)
Quest Crew / Kathryn Burns (2016)
Mandy Moore / Travis Wall (2017)
Complete list
(1950–1975)
(1976–2000)
(2001–present)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mandy_Moore_(choreographer)&oldid=814778942"
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Bengali novels
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Bengali literature
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Bengali novels occupy a major part of Bengali literature. Though the first Bengali novel was Karuna O Phulmonir Bibaran (1852), the Bengali novel actually started its journey with Durgeshnandini written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay in 1865. According to Ananda Sanker and Lila Ray, 'when the novel was introduced in Bengali in the middle of the 19th century, the form itself was new, the prose in which it was written was new, the secular tone was new in a country hitherto wholly dominated by religion, and the society in which and for which it was written was new’ (Page 168). But some great novelists like Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, Rabindranath Tagore, Manik Bandopadhyay, Tarashankar Bandopadhyay, Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay developed the newly introduced genre in such a way that ‘new’ changed into ‘matured’ through their works. Almost all these literary activities went on in full swing in Kolkata. Dhaka, on the other hand, could not participate in the early stage but literature created by and of the people of Bangladesh area later on flourished with notable success.
Contents
[hide]
1 Bangladeshi novels
1.1 Themes of Bangladeshi novels
1.2 History of Bangladeshi novels
1.2.1 Pre-Partition era
1.2.2 East Pakistan era
1.2.3 Bangladesh era
2 Novels of West Bengal, India
3 Further reading
4 References
Bangladeshi novels[edit]
Novels of Bangladesh fall almost fifty years behind the Bengali novels. (First Bengali novel Alaler Ghore Dulal was published in 1858 and Anowara was published in 1914.) In its history of about one hundred years, novels of Bangladesh got a good number of novels where creative emancipation of the writers has been established.
Themes of Bangladeshi novels[edit]
In the early stage, glorification of the religious beliefs and lives was the theme of most of the novels. Later on, picturization of real Bengali life became a common topic. By the end of the fifties, the novelists gradually turned to human mind and its analysis. A great change of the theme came after 1971. Novels about the Liberation War of Bangladesh began to come forth. Even till now it has not ceased to be an interesting topic.
The content and form of the novels saw various changes in the last fifty years. Starting from ordinary narration, now it has reached to magic realistic presentation through stream of consciousness, realism, surrealism etc.
History of Bangladeshi novels[edit]
To many, Anowara was the most significant one among the earlier novels written in Bangladesh. This novel was written by Mohammad Najibar Rahman in 1914. But the milestone in the modern novels of Bangladesh is Syed Waliullah's Lalsalu (published in 1948). The history of Bangladeshi novels can be categorized in 3 major parts.
Pre-partition (1947) era
East-Pakistan era
Bangladesh era
Pre-Partition era[edit]
Before 1947, events like Partition of Bengal in 1905, Foundation of Muslim League in 1906 and Unification of Bengali in 1911 inspired the Muslim community of Dhaka to establish a new identity in the horizon of literature. Mohammad Najibar Rahman, Kazi Imdadul Huq, Kazi Abdul Wadud, Sheikh Idrish Ali, Akbaruddin, Abul Fazal, Humayun Kabir etc. were among the novelists who tried to enrich the novels of the then East Pakistan, present Bangladesh.
Mohammad Najibar Rahman's Anowara was the first notable novel and it moved the whole Bengali Muslim community after publication. According to Rafiqullah Khan, ‘The novel could not create any novelty from artistic point of view, but it carried great importance for its picturization of socio-economic and political culture and ideals of the uprising populace’ (Page 25, Translation). The main themes of most of the novels in this era were Muslim society, beliefs, and orthodoxy. Examples of novels incorporating these themes are Najibar Rahman's Premer Somadhi (published in 1919) and Goriber Meye (1923), Sheikh Idris Ali's Premer Pothe (1926). In this time, for the first time the life of the Bengali farmers took an artistic delineation through Kazi Abdul Wadud's Nodibakshe (1919).
Then Kazi Imdadul Huq sprinkled a new wave. His famous novel Abdullah was published in periodicals in 1920 and it came into book form in 1933. According to Biswajit Ghosh, this novel was a 'bourgeois and humanitarian revolt against devotion to Peers, religious dogmas, purdah-system and disparity between Ashraf and Atraf'.[1] Later, 'Kazi Abdul Wadud and Humayun Kabir extended this attitude'.[2] Another novelist, Abul Fazal, exposed human psychological analyses in his novel Chouchir (1927). He afterwards continued with his own style and wrote Prodip O Patongo (1940) and Shahoshika (1946). It is well accepted that this type of psychological approach was a first attempt in novels of Bangladesh, though not for the first time in Bengali novels.
A progressive novelist Humayun Kabir wrote an English novel, Rivers and Women, which was published in 1945. The Bengali form was published in 1952 by the name of Nodi O Nari.
East Pakistan era[edit]
The independence of India and Pakistan from British rule bore more importance for the people of then Bengal. Since then the Bengali speaking community were divided into two parts – the East and the West Bengal. It turns into the smashing of the millennium-old culture and unity of Bengali nation. Moreover, the existence of language became a great question just after the creation of Pakistan. The West-Pakistan ruling government tried to impose Urdu as the principal language on the Bengali people. But the whole society reacted strongly. This leaves a permanent impression on Bengali literature. In this tumultuous era, Syed Waliullah's Lalsalu (1948) was published. It was the foremost successful novel, both from art and reality points of view. Later Syed Waliullah translated it in English by the name Tree Without Roots. Mahbub-ul Alam wrote Mofijon, also published in 1948.
In the first years of the Pakistan regime the authors mostly took village life as their theme, but they gradually diversified their interests. Newly born urban society began to establish itself as worthy to be literary contents. Along with them political developments also took place in fiction. Among the first novelists of Pakistan period, Abul Fazal, Akbar Hossain, Shaukat Osman, Abu Rushd, Kazi Afsaruddin, Daulatunnessa Khatun, Syed Waliullah, Sarder Jayenuddin, Abu Ishaque, and Shamsuddin Abul Kalam were the most prominent ones.
Then came a whole generation of extraordinary novelists. Chowdhury Shamsur Rahman, Satyen Sen, Abujafar Shamsuddin, Ahsan Habib, Nilima Ibrahim, Abdur Razzak, Khondkar Md. Eliash, Rashid Karim, Shahidulla Kaisar, Anwar Pasha, Abdar Rashid, Alauddin Al-Azad, Abdul Gaffar Choudhury, Zahir Raihan, Syed Shamsul Haq, Humayun Kadir, Shahid Akhand, Razia Khan, Shawkat Ali, Dilara Hashim, Indu Saha, Ahmed Sofa were notable names.
In this time diversity of contents of the novel was noticeable. Village life was the core theme of a huge number of novels. Sometimes it centered the superstitious village mind or the oppression by the influential groups on the common people, some other times depressed womanhood took this place. Love between men and women in pastoral context were also a subject of many novels. Lalshalu by Syed Waliullah, Kashboner Konna by Shamsuddin Abul Kalam, Surjo Dighol Bari by Abu Ishaque, Meghabaran Kesh by Ishaq Chakhari, Adiganta by Sardar Jayenunddin, Mohuar Desh by Tasadduk Hossain, Janani by Shaukat Osman, Jhar by Syed Sahadat Hossain, Karnafully by Alauddin Al-Azad, Sareng Bou and Sangsaptak by Shahidulla Kaisar, Aranya Mithun by Badruddin Ahmad, Modhumoti by Rabeya Khatun, Hazar Bachhar Dhore by Zahir Raihan, Bobakahini by Jasimuddin, Pannamoti by Sardar Jayenuddin etc. incorporated these themes.
Middle class society began to evolve in this time. Urban life, its problems and complexities, uprising middle-class people, their social context and love in their life started to be portrayed in a good number of novels. Jibon Pother Jatri by Abul Fazal, Pother Porosh (1957) by Daulatunnessa Khatun, Bhorer Bihongi (1958) by Satyen Sen, Surjer Niche (1958) by Atahar Ahmad, Pathasranta (1959) by Nilima Ibrahim, Shesh Bikeler Meye (1960) by Zahir Raihan, Kanyakumari (1960) by Abdur Razzak, Uttam Purush (1961) by Rashid Karim, Ek Path Dui Bank (1962) by Nilima Ibrahim, Akash Jodi Nil Hoi (1962) and Ihai To Prem (1963) by Syed Sahadat Hossain, Prasanno Pashan (1963) by Rashid Karim, Pingal Aakash (1963) by Shawkat Ali, Akasher Rong (1964) by Zobeda Khanam, Panna Holo Sobuz (1964) by Shahid Akhand, Nirjan Megh (1965) by Humayun Kadir, Ghar Mon Janala (1965) by Dilara Hashim, Aronyo Nilima (1965) by Ahsan Habib, Antahshila (1967) by Kazi Md. Idris, Digonter Swapno (1967) by Razia Majid, Mon Ek Shet Kopoti (1967), Shaheb Bazar (1967) and Ananto Aneysha (1967) by Rabeya Khatun, Bipani Mon (1968) by Mir Abul Hossain, Sourav (1968) by Anis Chowdhury, Anishchita Ragini (1969) by Abu Rushd, Borof Gola Nodi (1969) by Zahir Raihan, Rajabagh Shahimar Bagh (1969) by Rabeya Khatun etc. are significant novels of this stream.
But the background of another major event was being prepared in this time. The country began to experience turmoil. The political situation of the country became more and more prominent in the novels also. In novels like Nongor by Abu Rushd and Mon Na Moti by Anis Siddique, Jibon Khuda by Abul Monsoor Ahmed exposed the context of Pakistan Movement. Communal picture out of this movement and the restoration of Hindu-Muslim harmony also became core content in a number of novels including Ranga Probhat by Abul Fazal, Khuda O Asha by Alauddin Al-Azad, Neer Sandhani and Nishuti Rater Gatha by Anwar Pasha etc.
Then came the historic event of the Bengali Language Movement. The keen eyes of the novelists were nowhere but on this tremendous incident. Jahir Raihan's Aarek Falgoon was the most significant effort on language movement. Other political incidents like the class conflict, socialism, and movement in the cultivators was depicted in the novels like Dui Mohol (later on renamed as Alamnagorer Upokotha) by Shamsuddin Abul Kalam, Surjo Tumi Sathi by Ahmad Sofa etc. Shaukat Osman wrote wonderful symbolic political novels Kritodasher Hashi and Raja Upakhyan. Abdul Gaffar Chowdhury's Chandradwiper Upakhyan and Nam Na Jana Bhore portrayed the uprising farmer society and its conflicts.
There were some historical novels also. Abujafar Shamsuddin's Bhaowal Gorer Upakhayan about the Faraizi Movement, Sardar Jayenuddin's Nil Rong Rokto about the Indigo revolt, Satyen Sen's Kumarajiva about the spread of Buddhism, and Oporajeyo about the Sepoy Revolt etc. are a few examples among them. Some novelists favoured psychological complexities. With his unique presentation and language of his own, Syed Waliullah wrote Chander Amabashya and Kando Nodi Kando keeping psychological analysis in the centre.
Another trend of novels having emphasis on the sexual behaviours and deviations of the characters began to mark its own place during the sixties. Razia Khan's Bot-tolar Uponyas, and Anukolpo was among the first novels of this trend. Alauddin Al-Azad's Teish Nambor Toilochitro, Shiter Sheshrat Boshonter Prothomdin and Syed Shamsul Haq's Ek Mohilar Chhobi, Anupama Din, Simana Chhariye etc. are mentionables in this regard.
Afterwards came the most memorable days of Bangali nation. After ten month long war Bangalis became independent nation. After the massacre of three million people and huge violation and harassment of womenfolk and loss of property Bangladesh emerged as a secular and democratic nation on 16 December 1971, and Bangladeshi novel enters into a new era.
Bangladesh era[edit]
Most of the writers who were contributing in the pre-liberation period were also very creative in this period. Rashid Karim wrote novels based on middle-class society and their societal and psychological analysis. Alauddin Al-Azad, Shawkat Ali, Razia Khan and Dilara Hashim, Mahmudul Haque, Ahmad Sofa, Syed Shamsul Haq is among other notable names. Syed Shamsul Haq, commonly known as Syed Huq, wrote a good number of novels along with a huge number of books of other genres. He is always very experimental in both technique and form. Khelaram Khele Ja placed him in great controversy for his open delineation of human sexual behaviour. In his novels like Duratto, Mahashunye Poran Master, Ek Juboker Chhayapoth etc. Liberation war, its consequences, hopeless human existence and analysis of human mind and society take sharp pen-picture. Another powerful writer Shawkat Ali wrote Prodoshe Praakritojon, which is a real representation of the twelfth century Bengali during King Lakhkhan Sen. His trilogy Dakshinayaner Din, Kulaya Kalasrot and Purbaratri Purbadin deserve much compliment. Mahmudul Haque wrote Anur Pathshala before liberation war in 1967. He wrote Nirapod Tondra, Khelaghar (written 1978, published 1988), Kalo Borof (written in 1977, published in 1992), and Matir Jahaj (written in 1977, published in 1996). Ahmad Sofa, wrote novels with different tone. In Onkar (1975) he portrayed the suppressed Bangali mind of the pre-liberation period in a very artistic and symbolic way. In Gaavi Brityanto he presents the contemporary picture in a meticulous allegory. Ardhek Nari Ardhek Ishwari, a novel of romantic love, is widely considered as his masterpiece. His Pushpa Brikhkha Ebong Bihongo Puran is a narration of true human affinity to nature.
After the liberation war, freedom fight became a unique subject. The first of this discipline is Anwar Pasha's Rifle Roti Awrat that he wrote during the war. Shaukat Osman's Jahannam Hoite Bidai, Nekre Aranyo, Dui Soinik, Rashid Haider's Khanchai, Andho Kothamala, Shawkat Ali's Jatraa, Selina Hossain's Hangor Nodi Granade, Mahmudul Huq's Jiban Aamar Bone, Syed Shamsul Haq's Nil Dangshon, Nishiddho Loban, Harun Habib's Priyo Joddha Priyotoma, Humayun Ahmed's Jochona O Jononir Golpo etc. are examples of novels which directly deal freedom fight as their subject. Besides this, novels like Amar Jato Glani by Rashid Karim, Ferari Surjo by Rabeya Khatun, Abelay Ashamoy by Amjad Hossain also portray the different facets of liberation war. Rashid Karim's Prem Ekti Lal Golap, Ekaler Rupkotha or Sadharon Loker Kahini are presentation of the hopeless picture of Bangladesh after the war. 'Critics say that though after the liberation huge number of novels was written about our war, none of them could depict the historic incident in necessary epic form'.
New faces appeared in the literary world after the liberation. Among them Selina Hossain, Humayun Ahmed, Hasnat Abdul Hye, Rizia Rahman, Jubaida Gulshan Ara Hena, Bashir al-Helal were the most prominent.
Selina Hossain started with Jalochchhwas and till now she has authored more than twenty-one novels. Her Hangor Nodi Granade is a success written on Bangladesh Liberation War. She has written novels like Taanaporen on coastal life and natural disaster. Gayatree Sondhya (3 volumes: published in, 1994, 1995, 1996), Kalketu O Fullora, Chandbene are some of her historical novels.
Abdur Rouf Choudhury's novel Natun Diganta (three volumes: published in 1991, 1992, 1993 and complete collection in 2005 by Pathak Shamabesh) is a quality work of art by any standard and most successful writing on pre- Bangladesh Liberation War. Choudhury most vividly depicted the unity of Bengal and the articulation of Bengali nationalism in his novel Natun Diganta (New Horizon) (vols. 1-3). Reason and humanity – these are its two eternal pillars. The essence of Choudhury's thought is a complete faith in the efficiency of these two immeasurable forces. Its most striking characteristic is its insistent association of work, precept and practice. It appeals not to controversial tests, not to any appearance of sweet reasonableness but to trials in the rough and tumble of life, and it will accept no other judgment. Natun Diganta gives warning against: 1) dogma, mysticism, ceremonial, hypnotism, the binding of the mind and will by oaths, and other inventions of external authority in religion and politics, 2) participation in violence, individual or social, and organisation's dependence on violence, 3) exploitation, luxury and material property, 4) self-degradation and 5) devotion to self-sacrifice.
Humayun Ahmed, perhaps the most popular novelist in Bengali after Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay, appeared with his novel Nondito Noroke and then Shonkhoneel Karagar. Later he gradually turned to less serious things. Almost all of his novels are best sellers. Some of his titles are 1971, Daruchinir Deep, Brihonnola, Joyjoyonti, Kobi etc. Humayun Ahmed's Tomader Jonno Valobasa is the first science fiction novel in Bangladesh.
A serious poet, essayist and literary researcher Abdul Mannan Syed published his first novel Pariprekshter Dasdashi in 1974. Later on he wrote Kolkata, Poramatir Kaaj, O Te Ojogor, Hei Songsar Hei Lota, Khudha, Prem, Aagun, Shyamoli Tomar Mukh etc. Hasnat Abdul Hye, arrived with his Suprobhat Bhalobasa. By now he has written at least twenty novels. Along with his other novels he has introduced a different form of novels called biographical. Sultan, Ekjon Aaroj Ali and Novera are example of this form. All of these novels are based on the biographical sketches of giant Bangali characters. Rizia Rahman's Uttar Purush came in black and white in 1977. She wrote some fifteen novels in the eighties. Her voluminous Bongo Theke Bangla is an epic composition about the past culture and heritage of Bangali nation. Her other major novels are Rokter Okhkhor, Alikhito Upakhyan, Ekal Chirokal, Prem Aamar Prem, Ekti Phuler Jonyo, Harun Fereni etc. Bashir al-Helal's Kalo Elish was published in 1979. His other novels include Ghritokumari, Shesh Panpatro, Nurjahander Modhumas etc.
In the eighties, Bangladeshi novel got some senior writers who wrote novels for the first time along with some promising young ones. Among the earlier writers Abubakar Siddique's Jalarakshas and Kharadaha appeared with much novelty. His important later novel is Ekatturer Hridoybhashma. Makbula Manjoor started in the late years of the sixties, but most of her novels came out in the eighties and nineties. Kaler Mondira is one of her most notable work. Rahat Khan wrote novels about middle class city people, their joys and sorrows, love and separation. His significant works include Omol Dhabol Chakri, Ek Priyodorshini, Chhayadampoti, Hai Shunyota, Sangharsho, Shahar, Hai Anonter Pakhi, Modhyomather Khelowar etc.
Akhtaruzzaman Elias, one of the most artistic but least productive writers, wrote only two novels. He has started his journey with Chilekothar Sepai. His most prestigious work Khoabnama, which came out in 1996, is considered a milestone in the history of Bengali novels.
Another senior novelist Abu Ishaque's second novel Padmar Palidwip was published in 1986, after thirty-one years of his debut novel Surjo Dighal Bari. Appearance and disappearance of Chars (strip of sandy land), their effect on nearby humanity etc. have taken a keen narration in Padmar Palidwip.
Haripada Datta is also a worthy name. His two-volume novel Ojogor (Vol. I -1989, Vol. II-1991) chronicles the recent past history very remarkably. His previous novels are Eshane Ognidaho and Ondhokupe Janmothsob. In 2000 he wrote an epic volume titled Jonmo Jonmantor.
From the early years of the eighties, the arrival of some young novelists who, later on, obtained enough popularity, was heard. Monju Sarkar, Imdadul Haq Milon and Moinul Ahsan Saber are the few but most common names in this regard. Monju Sarkar's Tamosh, Nagno Agontuk, Protima Upakhyan and Abashbhumi, Imdadul Haq Milon's Jabojjibon (written in 1976, published in 1900), Nodi Upakhyan, Bhumiputro, Poradhinota, Rajakartontro, Moinul Ahsan Saber's Adomer Jonye Opekhkha, Pathor Somoy, Char Torun Toruni, Manush Jekhane Jai Na, Dharabahik Kahin, Opeksha, Kobej Lethel, Tumi Amake Niye Jabe, Prem O Protishodh, Songsher Japon got much recognition from the literati. Shahidul Zahir, wrote his first novel Jibon O Rajnoitic Bastobota, published in 1988 while his second, till now the last, Shei Rate Purnima Chhilo came out in 1995. Magic realism, which is a recent trend of the Latin American novels, takes place in Shahidul Zahir's narration.
The last decade of twentieth century is comparatively fruitful for Bangladeshi novels. Al Mahmud's novelistic exposition, Bipradas Barua's Buddhist life, Humayun Azad's brave creations, Akimun Rahman's novels about womanhood, Nasreen Jahan's novels of magic realism, Shamsuddin Abul Kalam's historic work Kanchongram is few mark of this decade. Syed Shamsul Haq's masterpiece Bristi O Bidrohigon, published in 1998, is a milestone on the past heritage and liberation war. Senior poet Al Mahmud's debut novel Dahuki came out in 1992 which was followed by Kobi O Kolahol, Upamohadesh, Kabiler Bone, Purush Sundor, Nishinda Nari etc. Bipradas Barua's major novels are Somudrochar O Bidrohira, Muktijoddhara, Shromon Goutam etc.
Humayun Azad commenced his novelist carrier with Chhappanno Hajar Borgomile in 1994, which was a courageous slap on martial law and dictatorship. In no time the novel brought its writer much name and popularity. His later novels include Sob Kichhu Bhenge Pore, Subhabrata, Tar Samparkita Susamachar, Rajnitibidgon etc. Mohammad Nurul Huda, a renowned poet, had also two attempts in novel. Excepting Janmajati and Moinpahar he did not make any third attempt. Akimun Rahman is the first novelist ever in Bengali language in whose writing the untold and unknown secrets of womanhood are getting tongue. She has by now written four novels, Purusher Prithibite Ek Meye, Roktopunje Genthe Jawya Machhi, Pashe Shudhu Chhaya Chhilo, and Jeebaner Roudre Udechhilo Kayekti Dhulikana. Another notable novelist is Nasreen Jahan. Her first novel Urukku arrived with much appreciation. In her novels like Chondrer Prothom Kola, Chondrolekhar Jaadubistar, Sonali Mukhosh, Ure Jai Nishipakhkhi etc., she manipulated the elements of magic realism. Anisul Hoque, a journalist by profession, has established himself as a renowned writer. His Andhokarer Ekshaw Bachhar presented him a very honourable place but Ma (The Mother) has given him international reputation. Imtiar Shamim is also a young but promising name for the novels of recent Bangladesh. In Dana Kata Himer Bhetor he presented an NGO-world. His Amra Hetechhi Jara encompassed a very touching story of the sorry saga of post-independence Bangladesh life. In the first decade of 21st century, literary critic and essayist Syed Manzoorul Islam wrote some experimental novels like Adhkhana Manush, Tin Parber Jiban etc.; he also co-authored Jogajoger Gabheer Samasya Niye Kayekjan Eka Eka Lok which is one of few metafiction novels in Bengali. Agunpakhi by Hasan Azizul Huq received wide critical acclaim both in Bangladesh and India and two important literary award Prothom Alo book of the year prize in 2007 and Ananda Purashkar in 2008.[3] Among other notable works, Shahaduz Zaman's novel Bishorgo Te Dukkho is a pioneer work of the genre of metafiction in Bengali, and his Kracher Colonel is a popular historical novel on the life of Colonel Taher.
Novels of West Bengal, India[edit]
Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2014)
#
Novel
Author
1 Durgesh Nandini Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
2 Kapalkundala Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
3 Madhabi Kankan Ramesh Chandra Dutta
4 Gora Rabindranath Tagore
5 Ghare Baire Rabindranath Tagore
6 Char Addhyay Rabindranath Tagore
7 Shesher Kabita Rabindranath Tagore
8 Noukadubi Rabindranath Tagore
9 Pather Dabi Sharat Chandra Chattopadhyay
10 Shesh Prashna Sharat Chandra Chattopadhyay
11 Apur Sansar Bibhutibhushan Bandopadhyay
12 Pather Panchali Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay
13 Aranyak Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay
14 Debjan Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay
15 Ganadevata Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay
16 Nagini Kanyar Kahini Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay
17 Hansuli Banker Upakatha Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay
18 Putul Nacher Itikatha Manik Bandyopadhyay
19 Dibaratrir Kabya Manik Bandopadhyay
20 Padma Nadir Majhi Manik Bandyopadhyay
21 Jagari Satinath Bhaduri
22 Antarjali Jatra Kamal Kumar Majumdar
23 Ekhon Amar Kono Asukh Nei Sandipan Chattopadhyay
24 Rubi Kakhan Asbe Sandipan Chattopadhyay
25 Jiban Je Rakam Sunil Gangopadhyay
26 Prathom Alo Sunil Gangopadhyay
27 Sei Somoy Sunil Gangopadhyay
28 Uttar Jahnabi Syed Mustafa Siraj
29 Aleek Manush Syed Mustafa Siraj
30 Trinabhumi Syed Mustafa Siraj
31 Panchyajanya Gajendrakumar Mitra
32 Ghunpoka Shirshendu Mukhopadhyay
33 Purna Apurna Bimal Kar
34 Kharkuto Bimal Kar
35 Banpalashir Padabali Ramapada Choudhury
36 Dweeper Naam Tiarong Ramapada Choudhury
37 Mirar Dupur Jyotirindra Nandi
38 Baaro Ghar Ek Uthon Jyotirindra Nandi
39 Ei Taar Puroshkar Jyotirindra Nandi
40 Nilkantha Pakhir Khonje Atin Bandyopadhyay
41 Aloukik Jalajan Atin Bandyopadhyay
42 Manusher Gharbari Atin Bandyopadhyay
43 Dubjaley Jetuku Prashwas Malay Roy Choudhury
44 Kheladhula Basudeb Dasgupta
45 Bramhavargab Puran Kamal Chakrabarty
46 Brikhu Kamal Chakrabarty
47 Herbert Nabarun Bhattacharya
48 Matam Barin Ghosal
49 Suryaheen Arupratan Ghosh
50 Lohitparer Upakatha Samar Deb
51 Tungabhadrar Tire Sharadindu Bandopadhyay
52 Sarpa Manav: Nagmoni Rohosyo Suman Sen
Further reading[edit]
Bangla Academy Lekhak Obhidhan, Bangla Academy, Dhaka, 1998
Bangla Uponyase Chitrita Jiban O Somaj, Sudhamoy Das, Dhaka, 1995
Purba O Pashchim Banglar Uponyas, Shahida Akter, Bangla Academy, Dhaka, 1992
Amader Uponyase Bisoy Chetona : Bivagottor Kal, Muhammad Idris Ali, Bangla Academy, Dhaka, 1988
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Biswajit Ghosh page 134, translation
Jump up ^ Syed Akram Hussain:page 97
Jump up ^ Mahmud Rahman (2008-06-14). "Agunpakhi: Chronicle of a Life, Place and Time". The Daily Star. Retrieved 2012-03-20.
Bangla Academy Charitabhidhan, Bangla Academy, Dhaka, Second Enlarged Edition, 1997
Rafiqullah Khan, Bangladesher Uponyas: Bishay O Shilparup, Bangla Academy, Dhaka, 1997
Syed Akram Hossain, ‘Bangladesher Uponyas: Chetanaprabaha O Shilpajijnansha’, Prosango Bangla Kathashahitya, Mawla Brothers, Dhaka, 1997
Annada Sankar and Lila Ray, Bengali Literature, Pashchimbanga Bangla Academy, Kolkata, 2000
Biswajit Ghosh, Bangladesher Uponyas, Sahitya Patrika, Vol. 28 No. 01, Dhaka University, Dhaka, 1984
Bangladesher Uponyase Char Doshok, Kalyan Mirbar, Kolkata, 1992
Bangladesher Koekjon Ouponyashik, Subrata Kumar Das, Dhaka, 2005
Anya Dahan Bela, Pradip Kumar Bhadury, Aruna Prokashoni, Kolkata, 2002
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Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation
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Jump to: navigation, search
Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation
CCE's official logo
Board of education
CBSE
Examinations
Formatives
4
Summatives
2
Scale
9 points
Grades
6th to 10th & 12th
Course
Main subjects
English, Hindi, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, History, Civics, Geography and Economics.
Additional subjects (optional)
Japanese, Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Kashmiri, Kannada, Marathi, Malayalam, Meitei (Manipuri), Oriya, Punjabi, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian, French, Tibetan, German, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Nepali, Limboo, Lepcha, Bhutia, and Mizo.
Continuous and comprehensive evaluation was a process of assessment, mandated by the Right to Education Act, of India. This approach to assessment has been introduced by state governments in India, as well as by the Central Board of Secondary Education in India, for students of sixth to tenth grades and twelfth in some schools. From this the smaller classes student can have a practice to face the exam of board in younger age The Karnataka government has introduced CCE for grades 1 through 9 later it was also introduced for 12th grades students.[1] The main aim of CCE is to evaluate every aspect of the child during their presence at the school. This is believed to help reduce the pressure on the child during/before examinations as the student will have to sit for multiple tests throughout the year, of which no test or the syllabus covered will be repeated at the end of the year, whatsoever. The CCE method is claimed to bring enormous changes from the traditional chalk and talk method of teaching, provided it is implemented accurately. In 2017, the CCE system was cancelled for students appearing in the Class 10 Board Exam for 2017-18, bringing back compulsory Annual Board Exam and removing the Formative and Summative Assessments under the Remodeled Assessment Pattern.[2]
As a part of this new system, student's marks will be replaced by grades which will be evaluated through a series of curricular and extra-curricular evaluations along with academics. The aim is to decrease the workload on the student by means of continuous evaluation by taking number of small tests throughout the year in place of single test at the end of the academic program. Only Grades are awarded to students based on work experience skills, dexterity, innovation, steadiness, teamwork, public speaking, behavior, etc. to evaluate and present an overall measure of the student's ability. This helps the students who are not good in academics to show their talent in other fields such as arts, humanities, sports, music, athletics, and also helps to motivate the students who have a thirst of knowledge.
Contents
[hide]
1 Pattern of education
2 Outcome, results and effect
3 School affected by CCE
4 References
5 External links
Pattern of education[edit]
Unlike CBSE's old pattern of only one test at the end of the academic year, the CCE conducts several. There are two different types of tests. Namely, the formative and the summative. Formative tests will comprise the student's work at class and home, the student's performance in oral tests and quizzes and the quality of the projects or assignments submitted by the child. Formative tests will be conducted four times in an academic session, and they will carry a 40% weightage for the aggregate. In some schools, an additional written test is conducted instead of multiple oral tests. However, at least one oral test is conducted.
The summative assessment is a three-hour long written test conducted twice a year. The first summative or Summative Assessment 1 (SA-1) will be conducted after the first two formatives are completed. The second (SA-2) will be conducted after the next two formatives. Each summative will carry a 30% weightage and both together will carry a 60% weightage for the aggregate. The summative assessment will be conducted by the schools itself. However, the question papers will be partially prepared by the CBSE and evaluation of the answer sheets is also strictly monitored by the CBSE. Once completed, the syllabus of one summative will not be repeated in the next. A student will have to concentrate on totally new topics for the next summative.
At the end of the year, the CBSE processes the result by adding the formative score to the summative score, i.e. 40% + 60% = 100%. Depending upon the percentage obtained, the board will deduce the CGPA (Cumulative Grade Point Average) and thereby deduce the grade obtained. In addition to the summative assessment, the board will offer an optional online aptitude test that may also be used as a tool along with the grades obtained in the CCE to help students to decide the choice of subjects in further studies. The board has also instructed the schools to prepare the report card and it will be duly signed by the principal, the student.
Deductive Method - What does the student know and how can he use it to explain a situation.
Co-relation with a real-life situation - Whether the situation given matches any real-life situation, like tsunamis, floods, tropical cyclones, etc.
Usage of Information Technology - Can the problem be solved with the use of IT? If yes, how?
In addition to that, various assignments can be given such as projects, models and charts, group work, worksheet, survey, seminar, etc. The teacher will also play a major role. For example, they give remedial help, maintain a term-wise record and checklists, etc.
Outcome, results and effect[edit]
The outcome of the CCE system at the initial level varies. Though most of the schools implemented it quickly, teachers and students who were accustomed to the older system of evaluation and examination faced difficulties coping with the changes. The main aim of CCE is to reduce pressure on students who are unable to effectively participate in the educational system and leave it dejected and with low self-confidence. However the system has also been criticised for focussing more on projects and activities than actual learning. Critics also state that students' workload has not actually gone down because even though exams have been reduced, stressed students wrestle with projects and oral tests all the year round. Students are required to participate in activities even if the syllabus is not covered. Despite these criticisms, the outcomes of this system were projected to be better that the rote learning of the previous system, which placed an undue emphasis on memory and facts instead of understanding and creating a learning environment.[citation needed]
School affected by CCE[edit]
All schools are affected by CCE, but for the 10th grade it is entirely up to the students whether they want to follow the annual or CCE pattern. However, only a small numbers of schools provide this choice to their students.CCE has come to end in the academic year 2016-17 and the annual pattern has been made mandatory.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ ["Continuous evaluation for classes 1 to 9 in from this year" Check |url= value (help).
Jump up ^ "CBSE Circular dated 31/01/2017" (PDF). cbse.nic.in.
Training of Trainers in Science and Technology Education: Asian edition. Commonwealth Secretariat. 1 January 1996. pp. 52–. ISBN 978-0-85092-480-0.
Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation: Teachers' Handbook for Primary Stage. National Council of Educational Research and Training. 2003. ISBN 978-81-7450-246-9.
J. P. Singhal (1 June 2010). Academic Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation in Social Science X. Laxmi Publications Pvt Limited. ISBN 978-93-80644-19-6.
Dr. N. K. Sharma (1 June 2010). Academic Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation in Science X. Laxmi Publications Pvt Limited. ISBN 978-93-80644-18-9.
Poonam Banga (1 August 2010). Solutions to Academic Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation in Hindi X B. Laxmi Publications Pvt Limited. ISBN 978-93-80644-27-1.
J. B. Dixit (1 February 2010). Comprehensive Mathematics Activities and Projects X. Laxmi Publications. pp. 4–. ISBN 978-81-318-0806-1.
The Indian Journal of Social Work. 59. Department of Publications, Tata Institute of Social Sciences. 1998. pp. 625–.
Rewa Bhasin (14 February 2014). Dynamic Memory Modern Paragraph Writing-Secondary Level. Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd. pp. 22–. ISBN 978-93-5083-345-2.
Publisher's Monthly. 38. 1996. pp. 80–.
J. S. Rajput; National Council of Educational Research and Training (India) (2004). Encyclopaedia of Indian Education: A-K. NCERT. pp. 365–. ISBN 978-81-7450-303-9.
Journal of Indian Education. 18. National Council of Educational Research and Training. 1992. pp. 11–.
External links[edit]
Official website for CCE
Official website for CBSE
Additional subjects offered by the CBSE for CCE students
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