text:
C (musical note)
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Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see C (disambiguation), Hi-C (disambiguation) and Middle C (novel)
Middle C Play (help·info).
C (Italian: Do, French: Do, German: C) is the first note of the C major scale, the third note of the A minor scale (the relative minor of C major), and the fourth note (F, A, B, C) of the Guidonian hand, commonly pitched around 261.63 Hz. The actual frequency has depended on historical pitch standards, and for transposing instruments a distinction is made between written and sounding or concert pitch.
In English the term Do is used interchangeably with C only by adherents of fixed-Do solfège; in the movable Do system Do refers to the tonic of the prevailing key.
Contents
[hide]
1 Frequency
2 Octave nomenclature
3 Designation by octave
4 Graphic presentation
5 Scales
5.1 Common scales beginning on C
5.2 Diatonic scales
5.3 Jazz melodic minor
6 B sharp
7 See also
8 References
Frequency[edit]
Historically, concert pitch has varied. For an instrument in equal temperament tuned to the A440 pitch standard widely adopted in 1939, middle C has a frequency around 261.63 Hz (for other notes see piano key frequencies). Scientific pitch notation was originally proposed in 1713 by French physicist Joseph Sauveur and based on the numerically convenient frequency of 256 Hz for middle C, all C's being powers of two. After the A440 pitch standard was adopted by musicians, the Acoustical Society of America published new frequency tables for scientific use. A movement to restore the older A435 standard has used the banners "Verdi tuning", "philosophical pitch" or the easily confused scientific pitch.
Octave nomenclature[edit]
Middle C (the fourth C key from left on a standard 88-key piano keyboard) is designated C4 in scientific pitch notation, the most commonly recognized in auditory science[citation needed], while both C4 and the Helmholtz designation c' are used in musical studies. Other note-octave systems, including those used by some makers of digital music keyboards, may refer to Middle C differently. In MIDI, Middle C is note number 60.
While the expression Middle C is generally clear across instruments and clefs, some musicians naturally use the term to refer to the C note in the middle of their specific instrument's range. C4 may be called Low C by someone playing a Western concert flute, which has a higher and narrower playing range than the piano, while C5 (523.251 Hz) would be Middle C. This technically inaccurate practice has led some pedagogues to encourage standardizing on C4 as the definitive Middle C in instructional materials across all instruments.[1]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
In vocal music, the term Soprano C, sometimes called High C[2] or Top C[by whom?], is the C two octaves above Middle C. It is so named because it is considered the defining note of the soprano voice type. It is C6 in scientific pitch notation (1046.502 Hz) and c''' in Helmholtz notation. The term Tenor C is sometimes used[by whom?] in vocal music to refer to C5, as it is the highest required note in the standard tenor repertoire. The term Low C is sometimes used in vocal music to refer to C2 because this is considered the divide between true basses and bass-baritones: a basso can sing this note easily while other male voices, including bass-baritones, cannot.
Tenor C is an organ builder's term for small C or C3 (130.813 Hz), the note one octave below Middle C. In stoplists it usually means that a rank is not full compass, omitting the bottom octave.[3]
Designation by octave[edit]
Scientific designation
Helmholtz designation
Bilinear music notation
Octave name
Frequency (Hz)
Other names
Audio
C−1 C͵͵͵ or ͵͵͵C or CCCC (-uC) Infracontra 8.176 Play (help·info)
C0 C͵͵ or ͵͵C or CCC (-vC) Subcontra 16.352 Play (help·info)
C1 C͵ or ͵C or CC (-wC) Contra 32.703 Play (help·info)
C2 C (-xC) Great 65.406 Low C Play (help·info)
C3 c (-yC) Small 130.813 Bass C, Tenor C (organ) Play (help·info)
C4 c′ (zC) One-lined 261.626 Middle C Play (help·info)
C5 c′′ (yC) Two-lined 523.251 Tenor C (vocal), Tenor High C[4] (vocal), Treble C Play (help·info)
C6 c′′′ (xC) Three-lined 1046.502 Soprano C (vocal), High C (vocal), Top C (vocal) Play (help·info)
C7 c′′′′ (wC) Four-lined 2093.005 Play (help·info)
C8 c′′′′′ (vC) Five-lined 4186.009 Eighth octave C Play (help·info)
C9 c′′′′′′ (uC) Six-lined 8372.018 Play (help·info)
C10 c′′′′′′′ (tC) Seven-lined 16744.036 Play (help·info)
(20000 hertz is the start of the ultrasound in healthy young adults.)
Graphic presentation[edit]
Middle C in four clefs
Position of Middle C on a standard 88-key keyboard
Scales[edit]
Common scales beginning on C[edit]
C Major: C D E F G A B C
C Natural Minor: C D E♭ F G A♭ B♭ C
C Harmonic Minor: C D E♭ F G A♭ B C
C Melodic Minor Ascending: C D E♭ F G A B C
C Melodic Minor Descending: C B♭ A♭ G F E♭ D C
Diatonic scales[edit]
C Ionian: C D E F G A B C
C Dorian: C D E♭ F G A B♭ C
C Phrygian: C D♭ E♭ F G A♭ B♭ C
C Lydian: C D E F♯ G A B C
C Mixolydian: C D E F G A B♭ C
C Aeolian: C D E♭ F G A♭ B♭ C
C Locrian: C D♭ E♭ F G♭ A♭ B♭ C
Jazz melodic minor[edit]
C Ascending Melodic Minor: C D E♭ F G A B C
C Dorian ♭2: C D♭ E♭ F G A B♭ C
C Lydian Augmented: C D E F♯ G♯ A B C
C Lydian Dominant: C D E F♯ G A B♭ C
C Mixolydian ♭6: C D E F G A♭ B♭ C
C Locrian ♮2: C D E♭ F G♭ A♭ B♭ C
C Altered: C D♭ E♭ F♭ G♭ A♭ B♭ C
B sharp[edit]
Comparison of notes derived from, or near, twelve perfect fifths (B♯).
Twelve just perfect fifths (B♯) and seven octaves do not align as in equal temperament.
Pythagorean: 701.955 × 12 = 8423.46 = 23.46 = B♯+++
ET: 700 × 12 = 8400 = 0 = B♯ = C
1200 × 7 = 8400 = 0 = C
This difference, 23.46 cents (531441/524288), is known as the Pythagorean comma.
See also[edit]
Piano key frequencies
A440 (pitch standard)
C major
C minor
Root (chord)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Large, John (February 1981). "Theory in Practice: Building a Firm Foundation". Music Educators Journal. 32: 30–35.
Jump up ^ "At the Met Opera, a Note So High, It’s Never Been Sung Before", The New York Times, Nov. 7, 2017
Jump up ^ Wakin, Daniel J. (2007-09-09). "The Note That Makes Us Weep". New York Times. Retrieved 2007-12-12.
Jump up ^ "Luciano Pavarotti - King of the High C’s", The New York Times", Sept. 9, 2007
[hide]
v
t
e
Notes of the chromatic scale
B♯ / C
C♯ / D♭
D
D♯ / E♭
E / F♭
E♯ / F
F♯ / G♭
G
G♯ / A♭
A
A♯ / B♭
B / C♭
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List of Curious George characters
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This is a list of characters from the children's television series Curious George.
Contents
[hide]
1 Major
1.1 Animals
1.2 People
2 Minor
2.1 Animals
2.2 People
3 References
Major[edit]
Animals[edit]
Curious George: A tailless monkey who is the protagonist of the show. He is excessively curious and often causes unintentional problems. He is used as the "teachable" character in the show, and he is the one to whom new concepts are explained in detail by the other characters. He is written as having the mind of a young child.
(He is voiced by Frank Welker)
Hundley: An orange male dachshund. Hundley is very proper and gentlemanly; he keeps vigil on the lobby of George's apartment building when his owner, the Doorman, is absent. George's behavior is not enjoyed by Hundley but despite this, he enjoys George's company. However, Hundley is very practical minded, and does not shy away from scolding George for reckless antics. Hundley is allergic to some cats, including Professor Wiseman's kitten Lucky, but not to Chef Pisghetti's cat Gnocchi.
(He is voiced by Bill Chott in the first season and Lex Lang in seasons thereafter)
Compass: A blue male homing pigeon, also cared for by the doorman. His sense of direction is substandard, he is therefore often referred to as an "Almost-Homing Pigeon". In the early seasons he is shown attempting mentally to discover what George was.
(Rob Paulsen provides Compass' cooing, Willard Scott)
Jumpy Squirrel: A male squirrel who lives in the country, although he primarily stays in the trees, he will often end up involved with George. A recurring joke in the series is when Jumpy gets caught in a situation with George and the narrator says "At that moment Jumpy remembered why he always stayed in trees."
(He is voiced by Jim Cummings)
Gnocchi: A beige female cat, who is owned by Chef Pisghetti. She is very sedate and contemplative, frequently disregarding the surrounding people.
(She is voiced by Debi Derryberry)
Charkie: A female black cocker spaniel owned by Steve and Betsy. Charkie is very hyperactive, loves doing backflips, and frequently runs away from her caretakers. She is very skilled in opening and unlocking things.
(She is voiced by Rob Paulsen)
Bill's Bunnies: Seven baby bunnies owned by Bill. Their names are Fuzzy, Whitey, Brownie, Spotty, Black Ears, Cotton Tail, and Herbert Nenninger. He also owns their mother (Ma Rabbit), whose burrowing abilities are highlighted in several episodes. In several episodes, most notably the perfect carrot, Fuzzy and Black Ears are omitted from the group, with George expecting only five to be present.
(They are all voiced by Frank Welker. (In Curious George's Bunny Hunt, Herbert Nenninger is a brownish-tannish color. In Bee is for Bear, he is white. However, in Curious George's Bunny Hunt, the only white bunny is Whitey.))
People[edit]
Narrator:
(First season narrated by William H. Macy. Rino Romano has been the narrator since that time)
The Man with the Yellow Hat:
The man who first befriended George and also acts as his primary teacher and mentor. He does not wear his hat at home but wears it when going in public. the Man often has bad luck and makes mistakes (such as constantly losing his hat, being in the wrong place at the wrong time, tasting something terrible with a sour reaction, etc.). He is also absent-minded and a bit awkward. His catchphrase when leaving George alone is often "Be a good little monkey." Or sometimes his catchphrase is "Come on. Can't be late." when the Man leaves with George.
He never gets angry with George, no matter what George does. It is unclear what his occupation is, but in Curious George and the Invisible Sound he has been asked to survey animals around the country house, and in The Fully Automatic Monkey Fun Hat, Dr. Wiseman has asked him to give a speech about the scientific method. Which may imply that he has the same occupation he held in the 2006 film.
He also is the leader of a troop of the Sprouts, to which George and Bill belong. The man makes a couple of references to "going to work"; however, we never discover what this pertains to. He owns a country house that has been in his family since his childhood; and also lives in a spacious, high-income apartment building in the city. The man primarily drives a yellow convertible car as his main transportation to the country; however, he typically walks when staying in the apartment. The Man's hobbies include playing the tuba, bowling, sketching and painting pictures, and long-distance running. He also paints in the style of the H.A. Rey drawings.
He won an award for being the first to climb and map what became known as Yellow Hat Mountain and placed seventeenth in a marathon. No mention of his parents is made, other than an occasional reference to his mother in a few episodes.
(He is voiced by Jeff Bennett)
The Doorman: The doorman for the apartment building in which George and the Man with the Yellow Hat live. He is Hundley's owner. When on duty, he wears red clothes similar to a British Sentry Guard; different only by a red cap. When he went camping with George and Hundley, he wore an outfit somewhat similar to that of a Canadian Mountie. He is friendly and always loves to see George. He keeps a coop of homing pigeons on the roof of the building. Like the Man with the Yellow Hat, the Doorman's name is never mentioned. The doorman has a noticeable Brooklyn accent
(He is voiced by Bill Chott in the first season and Lex Lang in seasons thereafter)
Professor Wiseman: A scientist friend of George and the Man. In different episodes she is seen to be an rocket scientist, and working at a local museum. Her name is a play on the words wise man. She seems to have an occupation directly related to the man with the yellow hat. She is frequently invited to spend time with the man with the yellow hat and George.
(She is voiced by Rolonda Watts)
Chef Pisghetti and Netti: An Italian chef in the City who owns a restaurant with his wife. George frequently visits him and often helps him by doing errands and chores around the restaurant. The Chef often uses the fresh vegetables he grows in a rooftop garden. His name is a reference to the way some toddlers pronounce the word "spaghetti." Often, when things seem to go wrong, the Chef's catchphrase is "I'm Ruined!" He often threatens to never cook again if there is any problem with his food. He often refers to George as the Italian equivalent "Giorgio".
(Chef Pisghetti is voiced by Jim Cummings and Netti is voiced by Susan Silo)
The Renkins: A couple who own a farm near the country house. They have horses, cows, pigs, chickens, and bees. George also sometimes borrows materials from them, including a water pump and scrap lumber.
(Mr. Renkins is voiced by Jeff Bennett and Mrs. Renkins is voiced by Kath Soucie)
Marco: A Mexican boy who lives in The Puerto Del Sol district, a Mexican neighborhood in the city, he and his family play Spanish music anywhere. He is Curious George's best friend. He often claims that he's always thinking, saying "I'm always thinking," referring to the fact that he is always thinking about ways to solve a problem and he is always analyzing a situation.
Sometimes Marco is the experience of fun with Curious George and Friends, includes the Man in the Yellow Hat. When visiting Marco wants to play with Curious George all the time forever as partners.
(He is voiced by Grey DeLisle in season 1 Elizabeth Daily in season 2)
Allie: The five-year-old granddaughter of the Renkins, who is first introduced in George Meets Allie-Whoops! where she and George become fast friends. Allie is a very perky and spunky little girl who is about George's height and is as adventurous and curious as he. Mrs. Renkins refers to her as a “spark plug.” When she first meets George she is excited and eager to learn the ways of a monkey.
(Voiced by Lara Jill Miller)
Bill: George's neighbor from across the street in the country. He owns a hutch of bunnies and has a paper route. He also enjoys flying kites, but seems to be an acrophobic. His catchphrases are, "There's a proper way to ...." And "why didn't I think of that". Bill has a copious knowledge of many subjects, but apparently does not realize that George is a monkey and often refers to him as a "city kid" to explain the odd things George does.
(He is voiced by Annie Mumolo)
Steve and Betsy: Siblings from George's neighborhood in the city. They live with their Aunt Margaret and their dog, Charkie. Steve likes video games and is always "going for a record" of some kind. He is the older child of the pair, and is always getting ideas about how to solve a problem. He often tells George, "I'm in fifth grade. This has to work." In the episode Piñata Vision, their Aunt called him by his full name, Steven. Betsy is more responsible and caring, and is often pulling a red wagon. She is frequently annoyed at Steve, and has to fix his mistakes. She is in third grade. Bill is seemingly the country counterpart to Steve and Betsy. They do not appear in the same episode until Season 3, in "Chasing Rainbows." In that episode Bill's ignorance of George being a monkey is elucidated by them. However, he still does not understand the fact.
(Steve is voiced by Elizabeth Daily and Betsy is voiced by Grey DeLisle)
Mr. Glass: A man who owns a building known as "The Glass Palace" and hires window washers in the City. George uncovers a catastrophic flaw in a building which Mr. Glass was constructing. He likes things to be unique ever since George painted a jungle-themed room in The Glass Palace. He almost scolds George for doing something wrong when he painted a painting which looks like its damaged counterpart. Mr. Glass is very wealthy.
(Voiced by Rob Paulsen)
Dinwoodie
(Voiced by Jess Harnell)
Mr. Zoobel: George's upstairs neighbor in the City. Mr. Zoobel is a painter in a modern (non-representational) style who sometimes uses stamps shaped like animal feet. He has a de-scented pet skunk named Geoffrey, a gopher snake named Bruno, and two mice named Benjy and Willy. When he first moved in, he used the stamps so much it made a loud stomping noise in George's apartment downstairs making George think he lived with an elephant.
(He is voiced by Carlos Alazraqui)
Mr. and Mrs. Quint: Mr. Quint is one of George's country friends, Clint Quint is an avid fisherman and one of a set of quintuplets. His siblings are a sister who is a track runner (Sprint), a brother who is a train-station master (Flint), a brother who is a police officer (Wint), and a sister who prints money (Mint).
(All male Quints are voiced by Jim Cummings. All female Quints are voiced by Candi Milo)
Minor[edit]
Animals[edit]
Benjy & Willy: Mr. Zoobel's pet mice who are respectively black & white. They feel cooped up in their small terrarium and long for freedom. They are afraid of Zoobel's gopher snake Bruno because snakes eat mice.
(Their squeaks are voiced by Frank Welker)
Bruno: Mr. Zoobel's pet gopher snake who only eats once a day. He sheds his skin 3 times a year. Like many snakes, he likes sunshine.
(Bruno was voiced by Frank Welker)
Doxie: Doxie is another dachshund who was introduced in Season 2. She is almost identical to Hundley in appearance, except that she wears a red collar; however, unlike Hundley, Doxie is bouncy and playful.
(Doxie is voiced by Frank Welker)
Fluffy: In the episode Monkey Fever, Fluffy was a cat who belonged to Betsy's friend and had six kittens.
Betsy brought one of the kittens over to George's apartment to show him.
(Fluffy is voiced by Frank Welker)
Geoffrey: Mr. Zoobel's pet skunk. He is de-scented and domesticated.
Leslie: Leslie is a cow, owned by the Renkins. She's a great friend of George.
(Leslie is voiced by Rob Paulsen)
Little Mike: Mike is a pig owned by the Renkins. He first appears in Ski Monkey, when he is stranded in the snow. He also appears in Old McGeorgie had a Farm.
Lucky: Lucky is Professor Wiseman's kitten, introduced in season 2. She likes Hundley, although Hundley is allergic to her.
(Lucky is voiced by Debi Derryberry)
Oscar: A white pig owned by the Renkins who won the "prettiest pig" contest in (Old McGeorgie had a Farm).
Sue Berm: An elephant who works at the zoo as a painter. Every one of her paintings is unique. She signs a painting by marking it with her trunk with green paint when she is done.
Tracy: Tracy is a hen, owned by the Renkins. She has five (Up the River) or six (Old McGeorgie had a Farm and A Bridge to Farm) chicks who follow her around everywhere. The chicks also like George and often follow him around too. The chicks are curious just like George and are often wandering away from Tracy. The youngest of her chicks is named Al. Voiced by Rob Paulsen in the first season and Frank Welker in the second.
People[edit]
Ada & Luke: A couple who own a general store in the country. The store gives a free pickle to anyone who comes and visits.
(Ada is voiced by Kath Soucie and Luke by Rob Paulsen)
Andie, Stig, & Stew: Firefighter members of Rescue Squad 86 who play in a band with the Man with the Yellow Hat. They are confused as to why they never get "normal" calls.
(Andie is voiced by Elizabeth Daily, Stig by Rob Paulsen in season 1 and Jim Cummings in season 2, and Stew is voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson)
Calhoun the Gopher Getter: A gopher exterminator in the country who is nerdy and has buck teeth. He was hired by Mr. Renkins to eliminate a gopher family that was taking his grapes. After Calhoun resorted to bulldoze the Renkins' garden at a last attempt to catch the gophers, he was fired by Mr. Renkins. Oddly enough, he looks similar to a gopher himself.
(He is voiced by Rob Paulsen)
Vicky and Vinny: Vicky and Vinny are African American siblings who live in the country near George and the Man with the Yellow Hat. They were introduced in 2007 in the episode Ski Monkey, where they help George get back home after a heavy snowfall. They are later seen in the episode Sprout Outing (2009) as Sprouts (a parody of a junior scouting organisation) with Bill and George. The siblings are friendly and playful.[1]
(They are voiced by Rosslynn Taylor Jordan and Indigo respectively)[2]
Cayley: Cayley owns a candy counter in Mabel's department store (a parody of Macy's, and likely a portmanteau name referencing both Macy's and its erstwhile competitor Gimbel's) in New York City.
(She is voiced by Kari Wahlgren)
Dorothy: The Doorman's sister.
(Voiced by Grey DeLisle)
Dr. Alvin Einstein: A rocket scientist who works with Professor Wiseman and Professor Anthony Pizza. He is not related to the famous scientist Albert Einstein. He often bickers with Professor Pizza.
(He is voiced by Jim Cummings)
Dr. Baker: Dr. Baker is The Man with the Yellow Hat's doctor. He also goes to a hospital to help people who are sick and hurt. He sometimes uses bandage straps to help someone who has a sprain or if someone put their hands in thorns.
(He is voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson)
Dr. Ghesund: Another doctor who works in the same office as Dr. Baker. His name is similar to the German word for "bless you", "Gesundheit."
(He is voiced by Dee Bradley Baker)
Dr. Raj Desai: A scientist that dug up all of the city Museum's dinosaur skeletons. He is very protective of his discoveries and only lets other scientists handle them. He is very forgetful though and his wife often tells him he'd forget his head if it weren't attached. His newest donated project to the museum had the incorrect skull; the correct one was placed on the older skeleton next to it.
Grocer: He owns the grocery store near George's apartment building in the city, and has an adult son who helps him run the store.
(He is voiced by Jim Cummings)
Gwen & Sisly: The respectively White & Black women who work at the city animal pound.
Mr. (Ken) Auger: A plumber always hired by the Man in the Yellow Hat to fix household plumbing problems. He always lets George watch him do his job. He is distressed at the fact that people never just call him over for a friendly visit.
Mrs. Dulson: The eccentric owner of Dulson's Toy Store in the city. Her husband appears in Roller Monkey and Fun Ball Tally.
Mr. Reloj: Mr. Reloj owns a clock store and knows everything all about them. He walks very fast, but is forever late. His name is the Spanish word for clock.
(He is voiced by Rob Paulsen)
Mrs. D.: Mrs. D. is an owner of a donut store in the city.
(Voiced by Candi Milo)
Mr. Ruffweek: A blimp pilot who flies the Ruffweek Blimp. The blimp flies over 7 N. Avenue once in the morning, and again at sunset. His name is a play on the words "Rough Week", perhaps referring to his tight schedule or a play on the Goodyear Blimp.
(He is voiced by Rob Paulsen)
Professor Anthony Pizza: One of the scientists who works with Dr. Alvin Einstein and Professor Wiseman. He often bickers with Dr. Einstein.
(He is voiced by Dee Bradley Baker)
Rodney: An employee of a market in the city. (This market is not the grocery store which George normally visits; it is on a nearby street, and serves as that store's main competitor.) Rodney lost the annual Bag-A-Lympics competition due to his overconfidence And The Rival Of George.
(He is voiced by Jim Cummings)
Uncle Tam: The Man with the Yellow Hat's uncle, who dresses in green clothes with a white shirt and lives in a castle in Scotland with a golf course. In the episode Castle Keep, he was going to be evicted from his castle because he could no longer find the castle's deed, which meant he would have to pay 400 years of back taxes.
(He is voiced by Dee Bradley Baker)
The Zucchinis: A family of three acrobats renowned for their balance. They are friends of Chef Pisghetti.
(They are voiced by James Arnold Taylor, Tara Strong, and Grey DeLisle)
Dog Trainer Man A man that is involved with dog shows and competitions. Mainly seen in Curious George Dog Counter and Charkie Goes To School.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Vinny (Character) from "Curious George" (2006)". IMDb.com. Retrieved 2017-03-17.
Jump up ^ "Curious George (2006–) : Curious George, Personal Trainer/Sprout Outing". IMDb.com. Retrieved 2017-03-17.
[hide]
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Land Between the Lakes National Recreation Area
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Land Between the Lakes National Recreation Area
IUCN category V (protected landscape/seascape)
Satellite photography
Show map of Kentucky Show map of Tennessee Show map of the US Show all
Location
Lyon and Trigg counties in Kentucky and Stewart County in Tennessee, USA
Nearest city
Paducah, Kentucky
Coordinates
36°51′25″N 88°04′29″W / 36.85694°N 88.07472°W / 36.85694; -88.07472Coordinates: 36°51′25″N 88°04′29″W / 36.85694°N 88.07472°W / 36.85694; -88.07472
Area
roughly 170,000 acres (688 km2)
Established
1963
Governing body
United States Forest Service
Website
Land Between the Lakes National Recreation Area
Some of the structures of "The Homeplace".
Aerial view of Kentucky Lake and Lake Barkley, with the Land Between the Lakes at the lower left
The Land Between the Lakes National Recreation Area is a United States National Recreation Area located in Kentucky and Tennessee between Lake Barkley and Kentucky Lake. The area was designated a national recreation area by President John F. Kennedy in 1963. The recreation area was originally managed by the Tennessee Valley Authority but jurisdiction has since been transferred to the United States Forest Service. It was designated as a UNESCO Biosphere reserve in 1991,[1] but was withdrawn from the program as of June 14, 2017.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Geography
2 History
3 References
4 Further reading
5 External links
Geography[edit]
The Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers flow very close to each other in the northwestern corner of Middle Tennessee and Western Kentucky, separated by a rather narrow and mostly low ridge. The area of land that separates the two bodies of water by only a few miles became known as "Between the Rivers" since at least the 1830s or 1840s.[citation needed] After the Cumberland River was impounded in the 1960s and a canal was constructed between the two lakes, Land Between the Lakes became the largest inland peninsula in the United States.[citation needed] Downstream from this area, the courses of the two rivers diverge again, with the mouth of the Cumberland emptying into the Ohio River approximately 4 mi (7 km) from that of the Tennessee.
History[edit]
Government first began to have a major impact on the area[citation needed] when the Confederate government built Fort Henry on the banks of the Tennessee, ostensibly to protect the upper reaches of that river from Union gunboats;[citation needed] initially, Kentucky had declared its neutrality in the American Civil War. When Fort Henry fell in early 1862, there was little more Civil War action in the area, which was judged to be too devoid of valuable war resources to deserve much attention from either side,[citation needed] and it went back to its somewhat isolated ways. The next major event in the area, other than calls for men to fight in the Spanish–American War and World War I, was the formation of the Tennessee Valley Authority as part of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal.[citation needed] The site of the last dam downstream on the Tennessee was to be Gilbertsville, Kentucky. The resulting impoundment, completed in the early 1940s, Kentucky Lake, flooded some of the low-lying land on the western side of the area, resulting in the condemnation of land and the forced removal of some area farmers.[citation needed] This was very unpopular with some of those affected, while others seemed happy to get an opportunity to sell their land and start a new life in a less remote area.[3]
A plan was developed shortly after this to use the United States Army Corps of Engineers to dam the Cumberland in such a way that the two lakes would be at the same elevation, and the two streams could then be connected by a canal without the need for any locks.[citation needed] This would considerably lessen the shipping distances for goods going to ports on the Gulf of Mexico for products leaving the Cumberland Valley. This was completed in the 1960s and the resulting impoundment was referred to as Lake Barkley, after Alben W. Barkley, a Kentuckian who had served as Vice President under President Harry S. Truman. The plan called for a new dam and the evacuation of the entire former "Between the Rivers" area, not all of which was to be flooded. The area was to become Land Between the Lakes National Recreation Area – a TVA experiment designed to show a multiple-use approach to recreational lands.[citation needed] Unlike a national park, there were to be areas where hunting would be allowed. Over time, many other attractions were to be developed, such as a bison range, and a recreated 1850-style farm called "The Homeplace", complete with an on-site staff simulating life on the farm in period costume and working it using period agricultural techniques. (Both of these attractions were added in the 1970s.) The road through the Tennessee portion was renamed from State Route 49 to "The Trace", which is what many roads and paths were called in pioneer times (it is short for "Buffalo Trace" that many winding roads have been called since they seem to follow the winding path of buffalo or bison).
Land Between The Lakes National Recreation Area
Many area residents resented the condemnation of their lands, especially when it was explained to them that most of the area was not to be flooded but rather to become a park.[citation needed] The former settlements of Tharpe, Tennessee; Model, Tennessee; and Golden Pond, Kentucky, were forcibly abandoned.[citation needed] The remains of a former iron furnace, manned in the 1850s by slave labor, are about all that remains of Model.[citation needed] Golden Pond was replaced by the headquarters of the area and retained as the postal address for it. There is a museum, a planetarium, and an environmental education area there.
The area has many miles of hiking trails, many boat ramps, an off-road vehicle area, many campgrounds, and group lodges and a few cabins; most attractions require a user fee.
The 700-acre (280 ha) "Elk & Bison Prairie" enclosure was developed beginning in the 1970s with prescribed burns to encourage the expansion of the remnant patches of native prairie which had been crowded out by oak and hickory forests over the previous 150 years due to a lack of fire or grazing animals. The area was regularly burned and reseeded with grasses, and then elk (from Elk Island National Park of Canada) and bison were added to the landscape.[4][5] In 1996 the "Elk & Bison Prairie" was officially inaugurated and is now open to driving tours where visitors see a typical 18th century landscape.[6]
In the 1990s, the directors of the TVA decided to get out of most activities requiring direct taxpayer funding.[citation needed] In 1998, the TVA transferred operation of the area to the U.S. Forest Service of the United States Department of Agriculture.[citation needed]
Bison photographed at LBL Elk and Bison Prairie
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Biosphere Reserve Information: Land Between The Lakes". UNESCO. March 30, 2005. Retrieved June 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "23 new sites added to UNESCO's World Network of Biosphere Reserves". UNESCO. June 14, 2017. Retrieved June 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Nickell, David (May–August 2007). "Between the Rivers: A Socio-historical Account of Hegemony and Heritage". Humanity & Society. 31: 164–209. Retrieved 2008-03-14.
Jump up ^ "Elk & Bison Prairie". Land Between The Lakes National Recreation Area.
Jump up ^ "Elk and Bison Prairie - Grand Rivers Blog". Archived from the original on 2015-05-24.
Jump up ^ "The Elk & Bison Prairie Story". Land Between The Lakes National Recreation Area.
Further reading[edit]
Ronald A. Foresta. The Land Between the Lakes: A Geography of the Forgotten Future (University of Tennessee Press; 2013) 308 pages; scholarly study
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Land Between The Lakes National Recreation Area.
Land Between the Lakes National Recreation Area travel guide from Wikivoyage
www.LandBetweenTheLakes.US - U.S. Forest Service official site
[show]
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National Recreation Areas of the United States
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[show]
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Flat Rock Cedar Glade & Barrens
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Ghost River
Grundy Forest
Hampton Creek Cove
Hawkins Cove
Hicks Gap
Hill Forest
Honey Creek
House Mountain
Hubbard’s Cave
John & Hester Lane Cedar Glades
John Noel at Bon Aqua
Langford Branch
Laurel-Snow
Lost Creek
Lucius Burch Jr. Forest
Manus Road Cedar Glade
May Prairie
North Chickamauga Creek Gorge
Overbridge
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Sunk Lake
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Taylor Hollow
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Virgin Falls
Walker Branch
Walls of Jericho
Walterhill Floodplain
Washmorgan Hollow
Watauga River Bluffs
William B. Clark
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Wilson School Road
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Other
Catoosa Wildlife Management Area
Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (web) - Tennessee Department of Agriculture (web)
[show]
v
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Protected areas of Kentucky
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Land_Between_the_Lakes_National_Recreation_Area&oldid=815700063"
Categories:
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Reservoirs in Kentucky
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Steven Houghton
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (March 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Steven Houghton (born 16 February 1971) is a British actor and singer.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life, career and family
1.1 Music career
2 Discography
2.1 Studio albums
2.2 Singles
3 References
4 External links
Early life, career and family[edit]
Born in Barnsley, South Yorkshire, Houghton trained at the Northern School of Contemporary Dance in Leeds. His first West End production was Children of Eden. Additional London credits include Cats, Hot Mikado, Martin Guerre, Blood Brothers and Spend Spend Spend, for which he was nominated for the Laurence Olivier Award. He has toured the UK in Grease, Miss Saigon and Annie Get Your Gun.
Houghton's television credits include regular roles in London's Burning, BUGS, Holby City and Bernard's Watch, a guest role in Doctors and an appearance on French National Television singing the title role in The Phantom of the Opera.
Houghton spent time in Ireland playing several roles in a film workshop for new and established directors, including Stephen Frears and Jude Kelly.
He is also patron of Footloose Stage School.
In January 2011, it was revealed he would join the cast of Coronation Street as a love interest for Sally Webster. His first appearance on screen was in February 2011 and his last on 4 November 2011.
Music career[edit]
In 1997, Houghton released his eponymous debut album for BMG/RCA, which sold 200,000 copies and earned him a gold disc. The first single from the album, a cover version of the song "Wind Beneath My Wings", reached No. 3 on the UK Singles Chart,[1] while his rendition of Lionel Richie's 1982 song "Truly" reached #23 in 1998.[2]
Houghton was also the first winner of a Stars in Their Eyes celebrity episode, impersonating Tony Hadley of Spandau Ballet and singing the hit song "Gold".
Discography[edit]
Studio albums[edit]
Date
Title
Chart positions
UK
17 November 1997 Steven Houghton
Debut studio album
No. 21
Singles[edit]
Date
Title
Chart positions
Album
UK
17 November 1997 "Wind Beneath My Wings" No. 3 Steven Houghton
23 February 1998 "Truly" No. 23
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 260. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
Jump up ^ Steven Houghton UK chart info Chartstats.com. Retrieved 13 July 2009.
External links[edit]
Houghton's website
Steven Houghton on IMDb
Authority control
MusicBrainz: ff212ec4-4431-4bf1-be32-73e0b8cff99d
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steven_Houghton&oldid=800700933"
Categories:
1971 births
Living people
English male stage actors
English male musical theatre actors
English male television actors
English male soap opera actors
English pop singers
English male singers
People from Sheffield
People educated at Penistone Grammar School
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text:
Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the film, see Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day (film).
Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day
Author
Judith Viorst
Illustrator
Ray Cruz
Country
United States
Language
English
Genre
Children's
Publication date
June 16, 1972
Pages
32
ISBN
0-689-30072-7
Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day, published in 1972, is an ALA Notable Children's Book written by Judith Viorst and illustrated by Ray Cruz.[1][2] It has also won a George G. Stone Center Recognition of Merit, a Georgia Children's Book Award, and is a Reading Rainbow book. Viorst followed this book up with two sequels, Alexander, Who Used to be Rich Last Sunday ISBN 978-0-689-30602-0, and Alexander, Who's Not (Do You Hear Me? I Mean It!) Going to Move ISBN 0-689-31958-4.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 TV adaptation
2.1 Cast
3 Other media
4 Characters
5 Cultural references
6 References
Plot[edit]
From the moment Alexander wakes up, things just do not go his way. As he gets up, the chewing gum that was in his mouth the night before ends up in his hair, he trips on the skateboard and drops his sweater in the sink while the water is running. His brothers Nick and Anthony find prizes in their breakfast cereal boxes at breakfast time, while Alexander finds nothing but breakfast cereal.
In the carpool on the way to school, he doesn't get a window seat. At school, his teacher, Mrs. Dickens, says she likes Phillip Parker's picture of a car rather than Alexander's picture of the invisible castle (which is actually just a blank sheet of paper). At singing time, she says that Alexander sang too loud and at counting time, she says that Alexander skipped the number 16. Then Alexander says that no one needs the number 16 ("Who needs sixteen?"). Then at recess, Alexander's best friend, Paul says that Alexander is no longer his best friend. He says that Phillip is his first best friend and Albert is his second best friend. But Alexander is only his third. Then Alexander tells Paul that he hopes he sits on a tack. He also says to Paul that the next time when he gets a double decker strawberry ice cream cone, the ice cream falls off the cone part and it lands somewhere in Australia. At lunch, Phillip has two cupcakes for dessert and Albert has a Hershey bar with almonds. And for Paul, his mother let him have a jelly roll with coconut sprinkles. But since Alexander's mother forgot to put in dessert, there is no dessert in his lunch bag.
After school, Alexander's mother takes both Alexander and his brothers Nick and Anthony to the dentist. The dentist Dr. Fields finds a cavity only in Alexander. He tells him he has a cavity and says he will see him next week and fix it. On the way down, the elevator door closes on Alexander's foot. Anthony pushes him into a mud puddle, and when Alexander cries because of the mud Nick says he is a crybaby. Then he punches Nick in response for saying cry baby. And at last, their mother comes back with the car. She then scolds Alexander for being muddy and fighting Nick.
At the shoe store, Alexander wanted blue shoes with red stripes, but they're out of Alexander's choice of sneakers, so his mother has to buy him plain white ones, which he refuses to wear. At his father's office, he makes a mess of things when he fools around with everything there (the copying machine, the books, and the telephone). He tells Alexander to not play with his phone, but Alexander calls Australia. Then, the father gets to the point where he tells the family to stop picking him up from work.
At home, they have lima beans for dinner (which he hates), Alexander watches kissing on TV (which he also hates), his bath-time is worst (the water being too hot, getting soap in his eyes, and his marble going down the drain), but the worst of all, he's forced to wear his railroad train pajamas (which he also hates). At bedtime, his Mickey Mouse nightlight burns out, he bites his tongue, Nick takes back a bed pillow he said Alexander could keep, and the cat says he wants to sleep with Anthony (but not Alexander).
In the end, Alexander says he is having a terrible, horrible, no good very bad day. His mother says to him that some days are like that, especially in Australia.
A running gag throughout the book is Alexander repeating several times that he wants to move to Australia because he thinks it's better there.[1] It ends with his mother's assurance that everybody has bad days, even those who live there.[1] In the Australian and New Zealand versions, he wants to move to Timbuktu instead. Alexander says tomorrow things must not get any worse.
TV adaptation[edit]
On Saturday, January 13, 1990, the book was adapted into a 30-minute animated musical television special that aired on HBO and Klasky Csupo in the United States.
While the special is mostly true to the book, the following differences are:
Aside from the running gag of Alexander making references to Australia, the producers added another running gag in the special: he searches everywhere for his favorite yo-yo, a purple glow-in-the-dark one.
Dad has no mustache and has brown hair instead of blonde.
Nick has blonde hair instead of brown and wears glasses.
Anthony has brown hair instead of blonde.
The cat, unnamed in the book, is named Timothy.
Phillip Parker is white instead of black and wears no glasses.
Albert Moyo is black instead of white.
This special features 11 more bad things for Alexander:
He opens a drawer too far, making it land on his right foot.
He spills cereal on the floor while searching for a free prize.
He falls off of the seat when the carpool stops by his school.
His friends will not let him play Monkey in the Middle.
He sings "roll" and "Mary Lee" while his class sings "Row, Row, Row Your Boat".
His friends tease him multiple times when he draws a picture of an invisible castle, sings his song loudly and incorrectly, skips the number 16, gets no dessert, and explains why he refuses to play ball with them after school.
His friends close the doors on him after school.
He was forced by the dentist, Dr. Fields, to sit still for 30 seconds for messing around with the toothpaste, dental chair, and tray.
His brothers pretend to be in pain when Alexander hops due to the elevator door closing on his foot.
The shoe salesman turns down his alternate choice of sneakers (green ones).
He is forced by his father to sit out on the couch for a time-out for playing with the copying machine and knocking the books off his father's desk.
The special also includes 4 good things to show the audience that even a bad day can have something good in it:
Alexander's friends ask him if he wants to play ball with them before Alexander refuses.
Anthony and Nick make up for what they did to Alexander while waiting for their mom to pick up the car.
Mom finds Alexander's favorite yo-yo in the closet while turning off the bedroom light.
Before the end credits, Timothy (the cat) changes his mind and sleeps with Alexander while talking about how Mom says everybody has bad days, even in Australia.
Although mentioned, the three following bad things are not shown in the special:
The family has lima beans for dinner.
Alexander watching kissing on TV.
Alexander's bath making the evening worse.
The special also included three original songs:
"So much to do, so little time in the morning"
"If I could be the only child"
"I've had a terrible, horrible, no good, very bad day"
Cast[edit]
Danny Tamberelli as Alexander (speaking voice)
Todd Defreitas as Alexander (singing voice)
Joey Rigel as Nick
Devon Michaels as Anthony
Linda Wallem as Mom
Steve Barton as Dad
Stephanie Maddin as Mrs. Dickens
William Bogert as Dr. Fields
Skip Hinnant as Shoe Salesman
Ashley Carin as Classmate #1
Erin Torpey as Classmate #2
Buddy Smith as Classmate #3
Daniel Riefsnyder as Classmate #4
Z. Wright as Classmate #5
Other media[edit]
In 1998, Viorst and the Kennedy Center joined together to turn the book into a musical production.[1][3] Charles Strouse wrote the music, Viorst wrote the script and lyrics, and the musical score was composed by Shelly Markham.[3] The productions have been performed around the country.[1][4]
Other characters in it are Audrey, Becky, and many others.
In 2004, a stage adaptation was run at the B Street Theatre.
A film adaptation was released in 2014.
Characters[edit]
Alexander and his two older brothers, Anthony and Nick, are based on Viorst's own three sons of the same names. But the film changed Nick to Emily, replacing the brother with a sister, and adds Trevor as well.[5]
Cultural references[edit]
The phrase "terrible, horrible, no good, very bad . . ." has become an Internet meme, often used by bloggers, and sometimes by mainstream media, to criticize, or characterize setbacks for, an individual or political movement. The phrase is also used in the Stephen King miniseries Kingdom Hospital by the orderlies Abel and Christa. [6][7][8]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e The Kennedy Center (2007). "Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day". The Kennedy Center. Retrieved December 22, 2007.
Jump up ^ Scott Bernarde (2007). "I resolve to forget fishing in 2007". Atlanta Journal Constitution. Retrieved December 22, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b Laurel Graeber (October 24, 2003). "Just One Of Those Days". The New York Times. Retrieved December 22, 2007.
Jump up ^ Hispania News (2006). "Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day". Hispania News. Retrieved December 22, 2007.
Jump up ^ Mary-Liz Shaw (2007). "Grandmother learns lesson in flexibility". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on May 31, 2008. Retrieved December 22, 2007.
Jump up ^ http://www.newsweek.com/blogs/the-gaggle/2010/05/03/dick-cheney-s-terrible-horrible-no-good-very-bad-day.html
Jump up ^ Patrick Gavin (2013-05-16). "Obama's week? 'Horrible, no good'". Retrieved 2013-05-16.
Jump up ^ "Political Commentary and Opinion - Washington Examiner". Washington Examiner.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_and_the_Terrible,_Horrible,_No_Good,_Very_Bad_Day&oldid=836285813"
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This page was last edited on 13 April 2018, at 20:32.
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