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Aggressive periodontitis
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Aggressive periodontitis describes a type of periodontal disease and includes two of the seven classifications of periodontitis:[1]
Localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP)
Generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP)
LAP is localised to first molar or incisor interproximal attachment loss, whereas GAP is the interproximal attachment loss affecting at least three permanent teeth other than incisors and first molar.[2] The prevalence of LAP is less than 1% and that of GAP is 0.13%.[2] Approximately 0.1% of white Caucasians[3] (with 0.1% in northern and in central Europe, 0.5% in southern Europe, and 0.1-0.2% in North America[2]) and 2.6% of black Africans may suffer from LAP.[3] Estimates of the disease prevalence are 1-5% in the African population and in groups of African descent, 2.6% in African-Americans, 0.5-1.0% in Hispanics in North America, 0.3-2.0% in South America, and 0.2-1.0% in Asia.[2] On the other hand, in Asia, the prevalence rate of 1.2% for LAP and 0.6% for GAP in Baghdad and Iran population, and 0.47% in Japanese population.[2]
Therefore, the prevalence of LAP varies considerably between continents, and differences in race or ethnicity seem to be a major contributing factor.[2]
Aggressive periodontitis is much less common than chronic periodontitis and generally affects younger patients than does the chronic form.[2][3] Around 1 in every 1000 patients suffer more rapid loss of attachment.[4] Males seem to be at higher risk of GAP than females[2]
The localized and generalized forms are not merely different in extent; they differ in etiology and pathogenesis.
Contents
[hide]
1 Aetiology
1.1 Microbiology
1.2 Pathophysiology
2 Features
2.1 Primary features
2.2 Secondary features
3 Clinical & Radiographic Features of Localised and Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis
3.1 Localised Aggressive Periodontitis
3.1.1 Clinical Features
3.1.2 Radiographic Features
3.2 Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis
3.2.1 Clinical Features
3.2.2 Radiographic Features
4 Screening
4.1 Clinical examination
4.2 Radiographs
4.3 Strong family association
5 Treatment
5.1 Cause Related Therapy
5.2 Re-examination/Response to Therapy
5.3 Definitive Therapy
5.4 Maintenance
6 References
Aetiology[edit]
Microbiology[edit]
Of the microflora characterised in aggressive periodontitis, approximately 65-75% of bacteria are Gram-negative bacilli, with few spirochaetes or motile rods present.[5] Aggressive periodontitis is often characterised by a rapid loss of periodontal attachment associated with highly pathogenic bacteria and an impaired immune response. Various studies have associated Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, formerly known as Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, with aggressive periodontitis. An early study dating back to 1983 explains its prevalence and documents its role in localised aggressive periodontitis.[6]
Virulence factors are the attributes of microorganisms that enable it to colonise a particular niche in its host, overcome the host defences and initiate a disease process.[7] Fives Taylor et al. (2000) have categorised the virulence factors of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans as follows.[7]
Promote colonization and persistence in the oral cavity:
Interfere with host defences:
Destroy host tissues:
Inhibit host repair of tissues:
Adhesins Leukotoxin Cytotoxins Inhibitors of fibroblast proliferation
Invasins Chemotactic inhibitors Collagenase
Bacteriocins Immunosuppressive proteins Bone resorption agents Inhibitors of bone formation
Antibiotic resistance Fc-binding proteins Stimulators of inflammatory mediators
Samaranayake notes the evidence for the specific involvement of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans includes: an increased incidence of it found in subgingival plaque obtained from lesional sites, high level of its antibody which tends to fall following successful treatment, its possession of a wide range of potentially pathogenic products and its elimination with concordant disease regression, following treatment with successful periodontal therapy and adjunctive tetracycline.[5]
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative anaerobe associated with the pathogenicity of periodontal disease,[8] and aggressive periodontitis is no exception. Greater numbers of both Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were found in active, destructive periodontal lesions in comparison to non-active sites.[8]
Capnocytophaga spp are implicated as prime periodontal pathogens, especially in localised aggressive periodontitis.[5] Both Capnocytophaga spp and Prevotella intermedia were the most frequently detected microorganisms in a study,[9] which also noted that Capnocytophaga spp was the most prominent bacteria in subgingival samples of aggressive periodontitis sufferers.[9][10]
An impaired ability of peripheral blood lymphocytes to react to chemotactic stimuli is found in the majority of patients suffering from aggressive periodontitis. As well as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans being associated with this, the synergism of the disease also accounts for both Capnocytophaga spp and Porphyromonas gingivalis.[5]
Pathophysiology[edit]
Aggressive periodontitis is a multifactorial disease with many complex interactions including host factors, microbiology and genetics.
Host defences involve multiple factors; saliva, epithelium, inflammatory response, immune response and chemical mediators. The inflammatory exudate in the gingival tissues and gingival crevicular fluid is mostly polymorph neutrophils but also includes B cells and plasma cells. The neutrophils may show an intrinsic functional defect and respond abnormally when challenged by certain pathogens.[11] The plasma cells produce specific antibodies in response to the periodontal pathogens, which diffuse into the gingival crevicular fluid. They produce mainly IgG, with some IgA.[11] It has been suggested that these gingival crevicular fluid antibody levels could be potentially useful in the development of a vaccine.[12] Patients with localised aggressive periodontitis have large amount of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans specific IgG2. This is suggested to be protective against wider spread periodontal breakdown. However, patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis have decreased ability to mount high titres of IgG to Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.
It has also been found that a low T-helper to T-suppressor ratio is found in aggressive periodontitis which may alter local immune regulation. Monocytes respond to bacterial and inflammatory stimuli with very high levels of local release inflammatory mediators and induce hyper-inflammatory reaction with activation of tissue degrading matrix-metalloproteinases. These is also evidence they produce increased amounts IL-1α and IL-1β which cause osteoclastic bone resorption. These amounts are greatly reduced following treatment.[11]
Studies of families, twins and sibling pairs have provided strong evidence for a genetic basis for aggressive periodontitis.[13] A person’s genetic predisposition to the condition is determined by a single gene of major effect, inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. However, for the disease process to initiate the person must be exposed to the presence of periodontal pathogens and potentially also various environmental factors.
Smoking is a generalized risk factor for generalized forms of aggressive periodontitis. Studies found that smokers have more affected teeth than non-smokers and high levels of attachment loss. This is due to the suppression of serum IgG2 and antibody against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans found in smokers.[14]
Features[edit]
According to the 1999 International Workshop for the Classification of Periodontal Diseases, aggressive periodontitis was defined according to 3 primary features, in contrast to chronic periodontitis. These features are common for both localized and generalized form of disease.[15][16]
Primary features[edit]
Patients are clinically healthy.[15]
Patients do not have any underlying systemic disease that would contribute to aggressive periodontitis.[17] For instance, diabetes is proved to be associated with periodontitis- it is a major risk factor when glycaemic control is poor.[18]
The rate of loss of attachment and bone loss is rapid.[15]
Loss of attachment refers to the destruction of periodontium whereas the bone refers to the alveolar bone supporting the teeth.[19] The loss can be determined by using a calibrated periodontal probe and taking radiographs of the dentition.[20] Usually the loss of attachment is greater than 2mm per year.
Aggressive periodontitis runs in the patient’s family.[15]
Familial aggregation of aggressive periodontitis is often discovered by taking a thorough medical history of the patient. The patient is said to have a high genetic susceptibility to aggressive periodontitis. Many studies have shown that genetic factors contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease.[21] In this case, the manifestation of aggressive periodontitis is believed to be the result of genetic mutation, combined with environmental factors.[21]
Secondary features[edit]
Secondary features are characteristics which are frequently seen but not always present in every patient diagnosed with aggressive periodontitis.
The amount of bacteria is out of proportion to the severity of periodontal tissue destruction.[15]
The amount of bacteria is often indicated by the level of dental plaque.[22] This feature implies that when aggressive periodontitis is present, loss of attachment and bone loss tend to occur even if the plaque level is low.
High levels of Aggregatibacter (or Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans and, in some populations, Porphyromonas gingivalis.[15]
These gram-negative microbes are considered the chief aetiological agent of aggressive periodontitis. They are implicated in the development of aggressive periodontitis by triggering inflammatory response in periodontal tissue.
There are abnormalities associated with phagocytes.[15]
Phagocytes are essential in resolving inflammation. The impairment of the their phagocytic activity results in persistent inflammation in periodontal tissues.[23]
Hyper-responsive macrophage phenotype.[15]
Due to the increased responsiveness, the macrophages produce excessive levels of inflammatory mediator and cytokine, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin-1β (IL-1B).[15] Their hyperactivity is associated with periodontal tissue destruction and bone loss.[24]
Progression of attachment loss and bone loss may be self-arresting.[15]
In some patients, the disease may burnout without any cause-related therapy.[25]
Clinical & Radiographic Features of Localised and Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis[edit]
Localised Aggressive Periodontitis[edit]
Clinical Features[edit]
LAP begins around the age of puberty where there is interproximal loss of attachment of the first molar, and or incisors[26] on at least two permanent teeth (one which is a first molar) and no involvement of more than two teeth other than the first molars and incisors,[26][27] lack of inflammation and evidence of deep periodontal pocket with advanced bone loss.[26] There is also a relatively fast progression of periodontal tissue loss.[27]

With an increase in the age of the patient, there may be progression of the disease involving the adjacent teeth and lead to the patient developing GAP.[28][29] The periodontal tissue also exhibits minimal signs of inflammation clinically[30] and show a robust response with serum antibodies to pathogens.[27]
The amount of plaque present is inconsistent with the amount and severity of tissue destruction [26][27] but with a high plaque pathogenicity due to the presence of increased levels of bacteria like Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a) and Porphyromonas Gingivalis (P.g).[26]
Secondary features of LAP may also be present including;[26]
diastema formation with disto-labial migration of the incisors
increased mobility of the affected teeth, sensitivity due to exposed root,
deep dull pain that radiates to the jaw
periodontal abscess with lymph node enlargement
Radiographic Features[edit]
Radiographically, the periodontal lesion often presents with alveolar bone loss in a vertical pattern at the interproximal surface of the permanent first molars [26][27][28] and usually horizontal bone pattern of bone loss at the interproximal surface of the incisors as the bone is thinner than at the interproximal surface of the molars.[27]
The alveolar bone loss patterns are usually bilateral and similar on both sides and has been referred to as being a ‘mirror-image’ pattern.[28][27]
In advanced cases the alveolar bone loss may be depicted as a horizontal bone loss pattern radiographically.[27][28]
Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis[edit]
Clinical Features[edit]
Mostly in individuals under 30 years old[31]
In GAP, the clinical appearance of the disease resembles chronic periodontitis. The difference is that individuals affected by GAP are much younger and the progression of disease appears more rapid.[30]
There is a poor serum response against infecting agents[31]:
Destruction is present that is not in balance with the amount of local irritants present[30]
Generalized inter-proximal attachment loss on 3 or more permanent teeth, excluding the first molars or incisors[31]:
The main distinction between the localized and generalized form of AgP lies in the number of teeth affected. GAP brings about attachment loss involving more than 30% of sites on teeth;[1] effectively being at least three permanent teeth other than the first molars or incisors.[16]
Episodic nature of attachment loss: Two main tissue responses have been found in GAP cases:[31]
Tissue may have severe acute inflammation and often presents with an angry red appearance and ulceration. There may be spontaneous bleeding or suppuration. This response is known to be present in the destructive phase, where there is presence of bone and attachment loss.
The other response is known as a period of quiescence, where gingival tissue may appear with no inflammation, pink appearance with some possible stippling. In addition to this mild appearance there may be deep pockets upon probing.
Radiographic Features[edit]
The key diagnostic feature of AgP is vertical bone loss around teeth including the first molars and incisors. This tends to begin around puberty in otherwise healthy individuals.[31] There may be an appearance of “arc-shaped loss of alveolar bone extending from the distal surface of the second premolar to the mesial surface of the second molar”.[32]
In GAP, generalized bone destruction is present that ranges from mild crestal bone resorption to severe alveolar bone destruction, depending on the severity of the disease.[32] There may be a combination of vertical and horizontal bone loss defects.[32]
Screening[edit]
Early diagnosis of aggressive periodontitis is important as it can cause rapid permanent destruction of the periodontal tissues. It is essential that all patients undergo a routine periodontal examination to screen for any form of periodontal disease during a dental checkup.
Clinical examination[edit]
At the start of the clinical examination of the gingival and periodontal tissues, the dental practitioner would look at the appearance of the gingiva first. A healthy periodontium in a Caucasian would appear stippled and pink with a knife edge margin where it abuts the tooth (pigmentation may differ in other races).[33] After that, gingival probing depths would be checked. This would normally be carried out using a basic periodontal probe (WHO CPI).[34] On probing, patients with AgP should have evidence of significant periodontal pocket depths and loss of attachment (LOA). Dental practitioners should also be aware of false pocketing around erupting/newly erupted teeth in the mixed dentition phase and also in the presence of gingival inflammation.[34][35] The presence of bleeding on probing (BOP) should be noted which is an indicator of active disease.
Radiographs[edit]
Radiographic assessment should be carried out for patients with evidence of periodontitis to observe alveolar bone levels which can help to identify signs of AgP.[34] In healthy periodontal tissues, the distance from the amelocemental junction (ACJ) to the alveolar bone crest is typically in the order of 1mm in young people.[36] If the distance between the ACJ and alveolar bone crest is more than 2-3mm then there is a possible suggestion of AgP. In addition to that, presence of angular or vertical bone loss (especially at 6’s) and arrowhead or furcation lesions are also a strong suggestion of AgP.
Strong family association[edit]
It is also important for a dental practitioner to check for family history of periodontal disease for each patient. This is because AgP may have an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern which suggests that up to 50% of siblings could be affected if one parent has the disease.[37] Careful interpretation of the history is required but it may provide vital evidence in diagnosing AgP. If a case of Agp is diagnosed, it is important to screen the patient’s family members as well for AgP.[38][39] Early detection of AgP allows intervention to be carried out before extensive periodontal destruction has taken place which further simplifies treatment.
Treatment[edit]
Following the initial assessment and diagnosis of AgP, a treatment plan is usually developed for each individual undergoing therapy. As the overall treatment concepts and goals for AgP are not significantly different from that of chronic periodontitis, the different treatment phases (cause related therapy; re-examination for response to therapy; definitive therapy; and maintenance) are similar for both types of periodontitis.
Nevertheless, the considerable amount of bone loss relative to the young age of the individual in AgP necessitates an often more aggressive treatment approach, to halt further periodontal destruction and regain as much periodontal attachment as possible. The objective of treatment is to create a conducive clinical condition for retaining as many teeth, for as long as possible.[40]
Cause Related Therapy[edit]
This stage involves discussion of the disease with the patient.
Oral Hygiene Instructions: The clinician should advise the patient of his intrinsic susceptibility to plaque, which his body induces a strong, pro-inflammatory response to.[41] It is thus essential to keep his oral hygiene immaculate. This involve going over both smooth surfaces (tooth brushing instructions) and the use of interproximal aids (e.g. floss).
Smoking cessation (if applicable): Smoking is a significant risk factor for AgP, with patients who smoke having more affected teeth with loss of clinical attachment and more bone loss than non-smoking patients with AgP.[42] Non-smokers also tend to have a better response to periodontal therapy as compared to smokers. As such, individuals must be advised of the benefits of smoking cessation and the otherwise potential risks of a worsening periodontal condition.[43]
Removal of plaque retentive factors: Local plaque retentive factors such as mal-positioned teeth, overhanging restorations, crown and bridgework, partial dentures and fixed/removable orthodontic appliances can increase the risk of periodontal disease and prevent successful treatment and resolution of associated pockets. Prior to starting periodontal treatment, any overhanging or poorly contoured restorations should be modified or replaced. Instructions should also be given on how to clean adequately around fixed restorations and appliances, and how to clean removable prostheses. These intra-oral appliances should also be well-designed and fitting.[44]
The periodontal therapy carried out at this stage is of a non-surgical approach, which is aimed at the removal of supra- and sub-gingival plaque and calculus deposits, to decrease the microbial load, bacteria biofilm, and calculus from the periodontally involved sites.[45]
Scale and Polish
Root Surface Debridement (RSD)
Antibiotics: There is evidence that the additional use of systemic antibiotics in conjunction with non-surgical periodontal treatment results in a more favourable clinical response, as compared to just periodontal treatment alone, as it helps to suppress pathogenic bacteria and create a health-associated biofilm.[46] There have been many antibiotic regimes proposed for the treatment of AgP. However, the combination of choice according to current research is a combination of amoxicillin (500 mg, thrice/day) and metronidazole (200 mg, thrice/day), for 7 days, starting on the day of the final debridement. Doxycycline (100 mg, once/day, with a starting first dose of 200 mg) is the choice of antibiotics for patients allergic to penicillin.[47]
Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) Therapy
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT): This potentially has all the advantages of low-level LASER therapy, which allows the disinfection of periodontal pocket and the eradication of bacteria in areas of difficult access, without the thermal damage to tissues associated with the high-powered LASER. A significant reduction in the aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans count following PDT suggests that the use of PDT in conjunction with conventional non-surgical periodontal treatment can potentially result in a more effective treatment.[48] Considering the global issue of antibiotic resistance, further development and research in PDT successes may prove to present it an ideal adjunct to conventional non-surgical periodontal therapy, as compared to the use of systemic antibiotics.
Re-examination/Response to Therapy[edit]
This stage of treatment involves the reassessment of the individual’s compliance (i.e. level of oral hygiene) and the tissue response to the treatment. This is carried out 10–12 weeks following RSD. If the disease is stabilised, the treatment progresses on to the maintenance stage. In the case where the disease is not stabilised, the cause of failure should be considered, and the treatment progresses on to the stage of definitive therapy, if the cause is correctable.
Definitive Therapy[edit]
Further RSD at sites which require treatment
Use of Locally Delivered Antimicrobials (LDA) as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment: For use in deep pockets which fail to respond to repeated non-surgical treatment in patients with adequate oral hygiene. Currently, the available LDA include tetracycline, minocycline, chlorhexidine gluconate and doxycycline, with the mode of delivery being in the form of fibers, chips, polymers and trays.[49] There has yet to be much research into the effects of LDA in AgP, but current studies report an insignificant difference to the adjunctive effect of systemic antibiotics.[40]
Periodontal surgery: If it is a localised problem and if the case is non-response to non-surgical treatment despite the oral hygiene being consistently excellent. This could involve an open flap debridement with or without regenerative procedures, with the aim of gaining access and visibility to root and furcation areas so that a thorough instrumentation and debridement can be carried out.
Regenerative surgical therapy currently available include the use of bone replacement grafts, barrier membranes or guided tissue regeneration (GTR), biologic modifiers like growth and differentiation factors (GDF), and extracellular matrix proteins like enamel matrix proteins (EMD).[43] There is however, a great variation in periodontal gains reported in the literature available, signifying that results are not entirely predictable.
Maintenance[edit]
Periodontal treatment may help to stabilise the disease, but it does not change one’s susceptibility to the disease. Given the high susceptibility for disease progression of the individual with AgP, there is a higher risk of disease recurrence.[50] It is thus necessary to attend frequent review appointments at the dentist to ensure there is no relapse of the disease, and that the periodontal health is maintained after active periodontal therapy.[40]
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^ Jump up to: a b c Preshaw, Philip M (2015-09-15). "Detection and diagnosis of periodontal conditions amenable to prevention". BMC Oral Health. 15 (Suppl 1): S5. doi:10.1186/1472-6831-15-S1-S5. ISSN 1472-6831. PMC 4580822  . PMID 26390822.
Jump up ^ Clerehugh, Valerie; Kindelan, Susan (2012). "Guidelines for Periodontal Screening and Management of Children and Adolescents Under 18 Years of Age" (PDF). British Society of Periodontology.
Jump up ^ "Five-year alveolar bone level changes in women of varying skeletal bone mineral density and bone trabeculation". Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology. 120 (1): 86–93. 2015-07-01. doi:10.1016/j.oooo.2015.04.009. ISSN 2212-4403.
Jump up ^ Melnick, M.; Shields, E. D.; Bixler, D. (July 1976). "Periodontosis: a phenotypic and genetic analysis". Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Oral Pathology. 42 (1): 32–41. doi:10.1016/0030-4220(76)90029-3. ISSN 0030-4220. PMID 1065840.
Jump up ^ Nibali, L.; Donos, N.; Brett, P. M.; Parkar, M.; Ellinas, T.; Llorente, M.; Griffiths, G. S. (December 2008). "A familial analysis of aggressive periodontitis - clinical and genetic findings". Journal of Periodontal Research. 43 (6): 627–634. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0765.2007.01039.x. ISSN 1600-0765. PMID 18752567.
Jump up ^ Llorente, M. A.; Griffiths, G. S. (February 2006). "Periodontal status among relatives of aggressive periodontitis patients and reliability of family history report". Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 33 (2): 121–125. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2005.00887.x. ISSN 0303-6979. PMID 16441736.
^ Jump up to: a b c Teughels, Wim; Dhondt, Rutger; Dekeyser, Christel; Quirynen, Marc (2014-06-01). "Treatment of aggressive periodontitis". Periodontology 2000. 65 (1): 107–133. doi:10.1111/prd.12020. ISSN 1600-0757.
Jump up ^ Shahabuddin, Nishat; Boesze-Battaglia, Kathleen; Lally, Edward T (2016). "Trends in Susceptibility to Aggressive Periodontal Disease". International journal of dentistry and oral health. 2 (4). doi:10.16966/2378-7090.197. ISSN 2378-7090. PMC 5172390  . PMID 28008419.
Jump up ^ Mullally, Brian H.; Breen, Blanaid; Linden, Gerard J. (1999-04-01). "Smoking and Patterns of Bone Loss in Early-Onset Periodontitis". Journal of Periodontology. 70 (4): 394–401. doi:10.1902/jop.1999.70.4.394. ISSN 0022-3492.
^ Jump up to: a b Roshna, T.; Nandakumar, K. (2012). "Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis and Its Treatment Options: Case Reports and Review of the Literature". Case Reports in Medicine. 2012: 1–17. doi:10.1155/2012/535321. ISSN 1687-9627.
Jump up ^ (SDCEP), Scottish Dental Clinical Effectiveness Programme (June 2014). "Prevention and Treatment of Periodontal Diseases in Primary Care, Dental Clinical Guidance" (PDF). Retrieved 7 Dec 2017.
Jump up ^ Aimetti, Mario (2014). "Nonsurgical periodontal treatment". The International Journal of Esthetic Dentistry. 9 (2): 251–267. ISSN 2198-591X. PMID 24765632.
Jump up ^ Keestra, J. a. J.; Grosjean, I.; Coucke, W.; Quirynen, M.; Teughels, W. (2015-12-01). "Non-surgical periodontal therapy with systemic antibiotics in patients with untreated aggressive periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Journal of Periodontal Research. 50 (6): 689–706. doi:10.1111/jre.12252. ISSN 1600-0765.
Jump up ^ (BSP), British Society of Periodontology (Mar 2016). "The Good Practitioner's Guide to Periodontology" (PDF). Retrieved 7 Dec 2017.
Jump up ^ Vohra, Fahim; Akram, Zohaib; Safii, Syarida Hasnur; Vaithilingam, Rathna Devi; Ghanem, Alexis; Sergis, Konstantinos; Javed, Fawad. "Role of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the treatment of aggressive periodontitis: A systematic review". Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy. 13: 139–147. doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.06.010.
Jump up ^ Collins, Fiona. "Periodontal Treatment: The Delivery and Role of Locally Applied Therapeutics" (PDF). Retrieved 7 Dec 2017.
Jump up ^ Kamma, Joanna J.; Baehni, Pierre C. (2003-06-01). "Five-year maintenance follow-up of early-onset periodontitis patients". Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 30 (6): 562–572. doi:10.1034/j.1600-051x.2003.00289.x. ISSN 1600-051X.
[show]
v
t
e
Dentistry involving supporting structures of teeth (Periodontology)
Anatomy
Periodontium
Alveolar bone
Biologic width
Bundle bone
Cementum
Free gingival margin
Gingiva
Gingival fibers
Gingival sulcus
Junctional epithelium
Mucogingival junction
Periodontal ligament
Sulcular epithelium
Stippling
Disease
Diagnoses
Chronic periodontitis
Localized aggressive periodontitis
Generalized aggressive periodontitis
Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease
Periodontosis
Necrotizing periodontal diseases
Abscesses of the periodontium
Combined periodontic-endodontic lesions
Infection
A. actinomycetemcomitans
Capnocytophaga sp.
F. nucleatum
P. gingivalis
P. intermedia
T. forsythia
T. denticola
Red complex
Entamoeba gingivalis
Trichomonas tenax
Other
Calculus
Clinical attachment loss
Edentulism
Fremitus
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Gingival pocket
Gingival recession
Gingivitis
Horizontal bony defect
Linear gingival erythema
Occlusal trauma
Periodontal pocket
Periodontal disease
Periodontitis
Plaque
Vertical bony defect
Treatment and prevention
Periodontal examination
Ante's law
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Bleeding on probing
Chlorhexidine gluconate
Flossing
Hydrogen peroxide
Mouthwash
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Treatment
Conventional therapy
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Enamel matrix derivative
Implant placement
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Pocket reduction surgery
Socket preservation
Sinus lift
Subepithelial connective tissue graft
Tools
Curette
Membrane
Probe
Scaler
Important personalities
Tomas Albrektsson
Frank Beube
Per-Ingvar Brånemark
Robert Gottsegen
Gary Greenstein
Jan Lindhe
Brian Mealey
Preston D. Miller
Willoughby D. Miller
Carl E. Misch
John Mankey Riggs
Jay Seibert
Jørgen Slots
Paul Roscoe Stillman
Dennis P. Tarnow
Hom-Lay Wang
James Leon Williams
W. J. Younger
Other specialties
Endodontology
Orthodontology
Prosthodontology
[show]
v
t
e
Dentistry
Specialties
Endodontics
Oral and maxillofacial pathology
Oral and maxillofacial radiology
Oral and maxillofacial surgery
Orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics
Pediatric dentistry
Periodontics
Prosthodontics
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Cosmetic dentistry
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Geriatric dentistry
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Organisations
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British Dental Association
British Dental Health Foundation
British Orthodontic Society
Canadian Association of Orthodontists
Dental Technologists Association
Indian Dental Association
National Health Service
Orthodontic National Group
Orthodontic Technicians Association
General Dental Council
See also
Index of oral health and dental articles
Outline of dentistry and oral health
Oral hygiene
Dental fear
Dental instruments
Dental material
Infant oral mutilation
Mouth assessment
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aggressive_periodontitis&oldid=832663374"
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Viggo Mortensen
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Viggo Mortensen
Mortensen in May 2016
Born
(1958-10-20) October 20, 1958 (age 59)
New York City, New York, U.S.
Occupation
Actor, producer, author, musician, photographer, poet, painter
Years active
1984–present
Spouse(s)
Exene Cervenka
(m. 1987; div. 1998)
Partner(s)
Ariadna Gil
(2009–present)
Children
1
Viggo Peter Mortensen Jr. (/ˈviːɡoʊ ˈmɔːrtənsən/; Danish: [viːɡo ˈmɒːdn̩sn̩]; born October 20, 1958) is a Danish-American[1] actor, producer, author, musician, photographer, poet, and painter.
Mortensen made his film debut in Peter Weir's 1985 thriller Witness and appeared in many notable films of subsequent years, including The Indian Runner (1991), Carlito's Way (1993), Crimson Tide (1995), Daylight (1996), The Portrait of a Lady (1996), G.I. Jane (1997), A Perfect Murder (1998), A Walk on the Moon (1999), and 28 Days (2000).
Mortensen received international attention in the early 2000s with his role as Aragorn in the epic film trilogy The Lord of the Rings. In 2005, Mortensen won critical acclaim for David Cronenberg's crime thriller A History of Violence.[2] Two years later, another Cronenberg film, Eastern Promises (2007), earned him further critical acclaim and a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor. A third teaming with Cronenberg in A Dangerous Method (2011) resulted in a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor - Motion Picture. Other well-received films have included Appaloosa (2008) and Far from Men (2014). He received a second Best Actor nomination in 2017 at the 89th Academy Awards for his role in Captain Fantastic.[3]
Aside from acting, Mortensen's other artistic pursuits include fine arts, photography, poetry, and music. In 2002, he founded the Perceval Press to publish the works of little-known artists and authors.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
2.1 Acting career
2.2 Perceval Press
2.3 Bibliography
2.4 Visual arts and discography
2.5 Awards and honors
3 Personal life
4 Filmography
5 Books
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Early life[edit]
Viggo Peter Mortensen Jr. was born in New York City on October 20, 1958, the son of Grace Gamble (née Atkinson) and Viggo Peter Mortensen Sr. His mother was American, while his father was Danish; they met in Norway.[4] His maternal grandfather was a Canadian from Nova Scotia,[5] and his maternal grandmother's family was from New England.[6] The family moved to Venezuela, then Denmark, and eventually settled in Argentina in the provinces of Córdoba, Chaco, and Buenos Aires, where Mortensen attended primary school and acquired a fluent proficiency in Spanish while his father managed poultry farms and ranches.[7]
When Mortensen was 11, his parents divorced and he and his mother returned to New York, where he spent the rest of his childhood, graduating from Watertown High School in Watertown in 1976.[8][9] He then attended St. Lawrence University in Canton, earning a bachelor's degree in Spanish Studies and Politics in 1980. Upon graduating, he lived in England and Spain, then moved back to Denmark, where he took various jobs such as driving trucks in Esbjerg and selling flowers in Copenhagen.[10][11] He eventually returned to the United States to pursue an acting career.[12]
Career[edit]
Acting career[edit]
Mortensen made his first film appearance playing an Amish farmer in Peter Weir's Witness (Mortensen had actually acted in at least one prior film, The Purple Rose of Cairo, but his scenes were deleted from the final cuts). Also in 1985, he was cast in the role of Bragg on Search for Tomorrow. Mortensen's 1987 performance in Bent at the Coast Playhouse, Los Angeles, won him a Dramalogue Critics' Award. Coincidentally, the play, about homosexual concentration camp prisoners, was originally brought to prominence by Ian McKellen, with whom Mortensen later costarred in The Lord of the Rings. In 1987, Mortensen guest starred as a police detective on the hit series Miami Vice.
During the 1990s, Mortensen appeared in supporting roles in a variety of films, including Jane Campion's The Portrait of a Lady, Young Guns II, Prison, Leatherface: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre III, Sean Penn's The Indian Runner, Danny Cannon's The Young Americans, Carl Colpaert's The Crew, which won the São Paulo Film Festival Audience Award, Brian de Palma's Carlito's Way, Crimson Tide, G.I. Jane, Daylight, A Walk on the Moon, American Yakuza, Charles Robert Carner's remake Vanishing Point, Philip Ridley's films The Reflecting Skin and The Passion of Darkly Noon, the remake films A Perfect Murder and Gus Van Sant's Psycho (the 1998 remakes of two Alfred Hitchcock's movies Dial M for Murder and Psycho), 28 Days, and The Prophecy, with Christopher Walken. Of these roles, Mortensen was probably best known for playing Master Chief John Urgayle in G.I. Jane.[13]
Mortensen at the premiere of The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, December 1, 2003.
Another major mainstream breakthrough came in 1999, when Peter Jackson cast him as Aragorn in The Lord of the Rings film trilogy. According to the Special Extended Edition DVD of The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, Mortensen was a last-minute replacement for Stuart Townsend, and would not have taken the part of Aragorn had it not been for his son's enthusiasm for the J. R. R. Tolkien novel. In The Two Towers DVD extras, the film's swordmaster, Bob Anderson, described Mortensen as "the best swordsman I've ever trained." Mortensen often performed his own stunts, and even the injuries he sustained during several of them did not dampen his enthusiasm. At one point during shooting of The Two Towers, Mortensen, Orlando Bloom, and Brett Beattie (scale double for John Rhys-Davies) all had painful injuries, and during a shoot of them, running in the mountains, Peter Jackson jokingly referred to the three as "the walking wounded." Also, according to the Special Extended Edition DVD of The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, Mortensen purchased the two horses, Uraeus and Kenny, whom he rode and bonded with over the duration of the films. He received critical acclaim for his portrayal of Aragorn, and was ranked No. 15 on a 2015 survey of "The 100 Greatest Movie Characters" conducted by Empire.[14]
In 2004, Mortensen starred as Frank Hopkins in Hidalgo, the story of an ex-army courier who travels to Arabia to compete with his horse, Hidalgo, in a dangerous desert race for a contest prize.
In 2005, Mortensen starred in David Cronenberg's movie A History of Violence as a family man revealed to have had an unsavory previous career. He was nominated for a Satellite Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture for this role. In the DVD extras for A History of Violence, Cronenberg related that Mortensen is the only actor he had come across who would come back from weekends with his family with items he had bought to use as props on the set.
Interviewed by eTalk Daily at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival, for A History of Violence
In 2006, he starred as Captain Diego Alatriste in the Spanish language film Alatriste, based on the series of novels The Adventures of Captain Alatriste, written by the Spanish writer Arturo Pérez-Reverte.
In September 2007, the film Eastern Promises, directed by David Cronenberg, was released to critical acclaim for the film itself and for Mortensen's performance as a Russian gangster on the rise in London. His nude fight scene in a steam room was applauded by Roger Ebert: "Years from now, it will be referred to as a benchmark."[15] Mortensen's performance in Eastern Promises resulted in his winning the Best Performance by an Actor in a British Independent Film award from the British Independent Film Awards.[16] He was also nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor.[17]
In 2009, Mortensen appeared as himself in the film Reclaiming The Blade, in which he discussed his passion for the sword and his sword-work in films such as The Lord of the Rings and Alatriste. Mortensen also talked about his work with Bob Anderson, the swordmaster on The Lord of the Rings, Alatriste, Pirates of the Caribbean and many others.
Mortensen at the 32nd Genie Awards in March 2012.
In 2009, Mortensen performed in The People Speak, a documentary feature film that uses dramatic and musical performances of the letters, diaries, and speeches of everyday Americans, based on historian Howard Zinn's A People's History of the United States.
While it was reported in April 2009 that Mortensen had, at least temporarily, retired from film acting,[18] Mortensen said he was misquoted. In a 2012 interview, he denied that he ever said he was retiring, only that he didn't have "plans to do another movie" at the time and that he was "taking a little break now. I don’t have anything lined up.”[19]
In 2009 he joined the cast of The Road, a film adaptation of the Cormac McCarthy novel of the same name,[20] and collaborated with David Cronenberg for a third time on A Dangerous Method.[21]
After two decades, Mortensen returned to theatre in 2011, starring in Ariel Dorfman's Purgatorio in Madrid.[22]
Mortensen in 2010
Perceval Press[edit]
With part of his earnings from The Lord of the Rings, Mortensen founded the Perceval Press publishing house—named after the knight from the legend of King Arthur—to help other artists by publishing works that might not find a home in more traditional publishing venues.[23]
Perceval Press is also the home of Mortensen's many personal artistic projects in the area of fine arts, photography, poetry, song, and literature (see below).
Bibliography[edit]
Viggo Mortensen at the 2009 Venice Film Festival.
Mortensen is also an author, with various books of poetry, photography, and painting published. His bibliography includes:
Ten Last Night – (1993), his first collection of poetry.
Recent Forgeries – (1998), ISBN, 5th Edition, documents Viggo's first solo exhibition and includes a CD with music and spoken-word poetry. Introduction by Dennis Hopper.
Errant Vine – (2000), limited edition booklet of an exhibit at the Robert Mann Gallery.
Hole in the Sun – (2002, ISBN), color and black & white photographs of a back yard swimming pool.
SignLanguage – (2002 ISBN), a catalog from an exhibition of his works, combining photographs, paintings, and poetry into a multimedia diary of his time in New Zealand while filming The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring. Introduction by Kevin Power.
Coincidence of Memory – (2002, ISBN) Third Edition. In this book, the artist combines photographs, paintings, and poems that cover his artistic output from 1978 to 2002.
Mo Te Upoko-o-te-ika/For Wellington – (2003), ISBN, a book to accompany the joint exhibitions at Massey University and the Wellington City Gallery during the premiere of The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King.
45301 – (2003), ISBN. Abstract images, fragments, and phrases from poems comprise this photography book. Many of the photographs were shot during travels to Morocco, Cuba, and the northern plains of the United States.
Un hueco en el sol – (2003), a small booklet published to accompany the exhibition "Un hueco en el sol" at the Fototeca de Cuba in Havana. In Spanish.
Miyelo – (2003), a series of panoramic photographs of a Lakota Ghost Dance. It also tells about the events leading up to the massacre at Wounded Knee.
Nye Falsknerier – (2003). Paintings and poems translated into Danish from Ten Last Night, Recent Forgeries, Coincidence of Memory.
The Horse is Good – (2004), ISBN, a photography book, partly shot during his work on the film Hidalgo, about horses as partners, teachers, and fellow travelers. Images from Morocco, South Dakota, Montana, California, Iceland, New Zealand, Denmark, Brazil, and Argentina. This book reflects Mortensen's fondness for horses. In fact, he bought Uraeus—the horse who played Brego, Aragorn's steed (Roheryn in the books) in The Lord of the Rings movies—as well as TJ, one of the horses who played Hidalgo. He also purchased the stallion that played Arwen's horse, a grey Andalusian stallion named Florian, and gave it to the stunt woman, Jane Abbott, who rode the horse in place of Liv Tyler.
Linger – (2005). In this book, the artist combines black and white photographs and prose poems. Images from Spain (partly shot during his work on the film Alatriste), Morocco, Iceland, United States, Denmark...
I Forget You For Ever – (2006). Texts and photographs.
Skovbo – (2008). Collection of photographs, poems (in English, Spanish and Danish) and quotes.
Sådanset – (2008). A small booklet published to accompany the exhibition Sådanset (October 18 – November 16, 2008) at the Palæfløjen in Roskilde (Denmark).
Canciones de Invierno – Winter Songs – (2010). Collection of photographs and poems. Bilingual : in Spanish and English. It includes new texts (most of the poems and all the translations) and revised versions of texts previously published. They're accompanied by pictures of landscapes taken during the previous two winters.
That Turned Ugly Fast - (2015), ISBN, Poems by Mark Berriman, with a foreword by Viggo Mortensen.
Visual arts and discography[edit]
Mortensen at the 2008 Toronto International Film Festival
Mortensen is a painter and photographer. His paintings are frequently abstract and often contain fragments of his poetry in them. His paintings have been featured in galleries worldwide, and many of the paintings of the artist he portrayed in A Perfect Murder are his own.
Mortensen experiments with his poetry and music by mixing the two art forms. He has collaborated with guitarist Buckethead on several albums, mostly released on his own label (Perceval Press) or TDRS Music. Viggo was first introduced to Buckethead's work while working on sounds for an educational CD on Greek mythology. The finished product included a guitar part by Buckethead, which caught Viggo's ear and led him to initiate contact with the guitarist. The collaboration grew from there.[24]
Mortensen's discography includes:
1994: Don't Tell Me What to Do
1997: One Less Thing to Worry About
1998: Recent Forgeries
1999: The Other Parade
1999: One Man's Meat
1999: Live at Beyond Baroque
2003: Pandemoniumfromamerica
2004: Live At Beyond Baroque II
2004: Please Tomorrow
2004: This, That, and The Other
2005: Intelligence Failure
2006: 3 Fools 4 April
2007: Time Waits for Everyone
2008: At All
2010: Canciones de Invierno
2011: Reunion
2013: Acá
Mortensen is featured on The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King soundtrack, singing "Aragorn's Coronation" (the name of the extended version of this song in the 3rd original sound track is "The Return of the King"), the words by Tolkien and the music composed by Mortensen. In the extended DVD edition of the first Lord of the Rings movie, The Fellowship of the Ring, he sings the song "The Lay of Beren and Lúthien". His poems are written in English, Danish, and Spanish.
Awards and honors[edit]
Mortensen and Kodi Smit-McPhee, screenwriter Joe Penhall, director John Hillcoat and producer Steve Schwartz at the 2009 Venice Film Festival for The Road
Following his appearance in the Lord of the Rings trilogy, in 2006 he was granted an honorary doctorate by his alma mater, St. Lawrence University.[5][25]
On October 13, 2006, he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Province and the City of León, Spain.
On April 16, 2010, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Order of the Dannebrog.[26]
In 2017 he received his second Best Actor nomination in the 89th Academy Awards for his role in Captain Fantastic.[3]
Personal life[edit]
Mortensen holds dual American and Danish citizenship.[1] He speaks fluent Danish, English, French, and Spanish; he is also conversational in Italian, and understands Norwegian and Swedish. He has stated that he was raised speaking English and Spanish, and sometimes feels more comfortable expressing himself in Spanish.[27] He also has some knowledge of Catalan; twice, when receiving a prize in Catalonia, he made a short speech in Catalan.
Mortensen met actress and singer Exene Cervenka in 1986 on the set of the comedy Salvation! The couple married on July 8, 1987. On January 28, 1988, Cervenka gave birth to a son named Henry Blake Mortensen. Mortensen and Cervenka lived in Idaho for three years.[28] Mortensen and Cervenka separated in 1992 and divorced in 1997.[29] Since 2009, he has been in a relationship with Spanish actress Ariadna Gil.
Mortensen is a fan of soccer, with his favorite players being Argentine star Diego Maradona and Héctor "Bambino" Veira. He has professed a liking of Argentine club San Lorenzo de Almagro,[30] English team Fulham FC, Turkish side Besiktas (after attending games whilst shooting The Two Faces of January in Turkey),[31] and both the Argentine and Danish national teams. He is also a hockey fan, particularly of the Montreal Canadiens; he wore a Montreal Canadiens shirt underneath his costume throughout the filming of the Lord of the Rings trilogy.[32] He is also a fan of the New York Mets and, in an interview promoting 2009 film The Road, was seen wearing apparel indicating his support of the Australian Football League's Collingwood Magpies.[33] While appearing on the Late Show with David Letterman, he held a sign supporting the New York Giants.
Mortensen was a good friend of Icelandic painter Georg Guðni Hauksson until the latter's death in 2011. He had long been an admirer of Georg Guðni's work as a landscape artist, and the two published books together as well as maintaining a close friendship.[34] He was one of the signees of the "Toronto Declaration" protesting against spotlighting Tel-Aviv at the Toronto International Film Festival in 2009. Mortensen has owned property in northern Sandpoint, Idaho, and spends time there when not filming movies.[35]
Mortensen endorsed Green Party candidate Jill Stein in the 2016 U.S Presidential race.
Filmography[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1985 Witness Moses Hochleitner
1987 Miami Vice Eddie Episode: "Red Tape"
Salvation! Jerome Stample
Prison Burke / Forsythe Electrocution
1988 Fresh Horses Green
1990 Once in a Blue Moon
Tripwire Hans
Leatherface: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre III Edward "Tex" Sawyer
Young Guns II John W. Poe
The Reflecting Skin Cameron Dove
1991 The Indian Runner Frank Roberts
1993 Boiling Point Ronnie
Ruby Cairo John E. "Johnny" Faro
Carlito's Way Lalin
The Young Americans Carl Frazer
1994 The Crew Phillip
Floundering Homeless Man
Gospel According to Harry Wes
American Yakuza Nick Davis/David Brandt
1995 Gimlet Hombre
Crimson Tide Lieutenant Peter "Weps" Ince
The Passion of Darkly Noon Clay
Black Velvet Pantsuit Junkie
The Prophecy Lucifer
1996 Albino Alligator Guy Foucard
Daylight Roy Nord
The Portrait of a Lady Caspar Goodwood
1997 Vanishing Point Jimmy Kowalski
G.I. Jane Master Chief John James "Jack" Urgayle
My Brother's Gun Juanito
1998 A Perfect Murder David Shaw
Psycho Samuel "Sam" Loomis
1999 A Walk on the Moon Walker Jerome
2000 28 Days Eddie Boone
2001 The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring Aragorn Nominated – Empire Award for Best Actor
Nominated – Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Cast
Nominated – Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture
2002 The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Cast
SFX Award for Best SF or Fantasy Film Actor
Nominated – Empire Award for Best Actor
Nominated – Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture Drama
Nominated – Saturn Award for Best Actor
Nominated – Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture
2003 The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Cast
National Board of Review Award for Best Cast
Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture
Nominated – Empire Award for Best Actor
Nominated – Saturn Award for Best Actor
2004 Hidalgo Frank Hopkins
2005 A History of Violence Tom Stall / Joey Cusack Nominated – Empire Award for Best Actor
Nominated – London Film Critics Circle Award for Actor of the Year
Nominated – New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor (3rd place)
Nominated – Satellite Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama
Nominated – Saturn Award for Best Actor
2006 Alatriste Diego Alatriste y Tenorio Nominated – Goya Award for Best Actor
2007 Eastern Promises Nikolai Luzhin British Independent Film Award for Best Actor
Sant Jordi Award for Best Foreign Actor
Satellite Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama
Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor
Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor in a Canadian Film
Nominated – Academy Award for Best Actor
Nominated – BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role
Nominated – Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor
Nominated – Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor
Nominated – Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role
Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama
Nominated – Houston Film Critics Society Award for Best Actor
Nominated – New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor (2nd place)
Nominated – Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Actor
Nominated – San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Actor (2nd place)
Nominated – Saturn Award for Best Actor
Nominated – Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role
Nominated – St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor
Nominated – Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor
2008 Appaloosa Everett Hitch
Good John Halder
2009 The Road The Man Nominated – Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor
Nominated – Fangoria Chainsaw Award for Best Actor
Nominated – Houston Film Critics Society Award for Best Actor
Nominated – San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Actor
Nominated – Saturn Award for Best Actor
Nominated – Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor
Nominated – Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor
2011 A Dangerous Method Sigmund Freud Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role
Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Canadian Film
Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture
Nominated – New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor (3rd place)
Nominated – Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture
2012 On the Road Old Bull Lee
Everybody Has a Plan Agustín / Pedro (assumes twin characters)
2014 The Two Faces of January Chester MacFarland
Jauja Gunnar Dinesen
Far from Men Daru
2016 Captain Fantastic Ben Cash Satellite Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture
Nominated – Academy Award for Best Actor
Nominated – BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role
Nominated – Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor
Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama
Nominated – Houston Film Critics Society Award for Best Actor
Nominated – Independent Spirit Award for Best Male Lead
Nominated – Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Actor
Nominated – San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Actor
Nominated – Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role
Nominated – Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture
Nominated – St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor
Books[edit]
With anthropologists Federico Bossert and Diego Villar, Mortensen made several works related to ethnography of natives in South America,[36] specifically in Argentina, Brasil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Some of the published books, co-authored by Mortensen, are Sons of the Forest and Skovbo.
See also[edit]
List of actors with Academy Award nominations
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Stone, Andrew; Carolyn Bain; Michael Booth; Fran Parnell (2008). "Cinema". Lonely Planet Denmark. Lonely Planet. p. 46. ISBN 978-1-741-04669-4. Although [Mortensen] was born in New York and has lived outside of Denmark for most of his life, he retains Danish citizenship.
Jump up ^ " Flawed father role a test for Viggo Mortensen". Toronto Star, Michael O'Sullivan, July 16, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Oscar Nominations 2017: Viggo Mortensen on 'Captain Fantastic' Nod". ABC News. January 24, 2017. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Viggo Mortensen gets nude for 'Eastern Promises' fight scene | HamptonRoads.com | PilotOnline.com Archived October 12, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b "St. Lawrence University: Commencement". Stlawu.edu. May 21, 2006. Retrieved February 23, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Film: Viggo Mortensen magret seg ned 15 kilo for drømmerollen VG Nett". Vg.no. May 20, 2009. Retrieved May 9, 2010.
Jump up ^ Pearlman, Cindy. "Superstar Viggo's a serious soul at heart." Chicago Sun-Times. September 9, 2007.
Jump up ^ Doyle, Macreena A. (2003). "Viggo Mortensen ’80 REMEMBERS". St. Lawrence Magazine. St. Lawrence University. Retrieved October 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ DePaulo, Lisa. "Why Viggo Mortensen Is Off the Grid". Esquire. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ Brooks, Xan (April 17, 2009). "The happy trails of Viggo Mortensen". The Guardian. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
Jump up ^ Lane, Harriet (February 22, 2008). "My mother is very happy about it". The Guardian. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Viggo Mortensen". denmark.dk. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Applebaum, Stephen (December 5, 2002). "Mortensen's battle scars". BBC News.
Jump up ^ "The 100 Greatest Movie Characters". Empire, June 29, 2015
Jump up ^ "Eastern Promises". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved December 22, 2007.
Jump up ^ "British Independent Film Awards 2007 nominations". British Independent Film Awards. Archived from the original on December 26, 2007. Retrieved January 24, 2008.
Jump up ^ "80th Academy Awards". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on January 23, 2008. Retrieved January 22, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Rigorous Promotions Have Viggo Mortensen Considering Retirement". starpulse.com. April 6, 2009.
Jump up ^ Gilsdorf, Ethan (March 10, 2012). "Viggo Mortensen Speaks: Part 1 of 3". Wired.
Jump up ^ Shoard, Catherine (August 6, 2010). "Viggo Mortensen to star in Walter Salles's On the Road". The Guardian. London. Retrieved March 8, 2011.
Jump up ^ Lodderhose, Diana (April 22, 2010). "UPI to distribute new Cronenberg pic". Variety. Retrieved February 20, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Viggo Mortensen vuelve al teatro con Carme Elias en una obra sobre la capacidad de perdón (in Spanish)". El País. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Little press shines with star power". Los Angeles Times. March 3, 2004. Retrieved May 9, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Viggo & Buckethead", March 5, 2004, IGN Music". Retrieved August 11, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Viggo Mortensen Tells Grads 'Activism Not A Dirty Word'". Newswise. May 21, 2006.
Jump up ^ Bysted A/S. "Kongehuset - Forside". Kongehuset.dk. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ "10 Questions for Viggo Mortensen". Time. December 17, 2008.
Jump up ^ Trucks, Rob (May 20, 2008). "Interview: Exene Cervenka of X". The Village Voice. Archived from the original on February 3, 2014. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ Heller, Zoe (December 2, 2011). "Viggo Talks and Talks". The New York Times. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ Interview with Clarín (in Spanish)
Jump up ^ "Hollywood’da doğdu Beşiktaşlı oldu - Hürriyet Magazin Hattı". Hürriyet. Retrieved November 12, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Hockey is my religion, the Canadiens are my god." The Globe and Mail. January 23, 2009
Jump up ^ "Best of ABC Online". ABC News.
Jump up ^ DV ehf. "Viggo Mortensen kveður Georg Guðna". DV.is. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "A Visit with Viggo." Sandpoint Magazine. Winter 2004 Edition.
Jump up ^ Viggo editará la obra de Branislava Susnik. ABC Color (Paraguay)
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Viggo Mortensen.
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Viggo Mortensen
Viggo Mortensen on IMDb
Viggo Mortensen at DMOZ
Perceval Press Viggo Mortensen's publishing house
Viggo Mortensen at BAFTA, A Life in Pictures event
[show]
Awards for Viggo Mortensen
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Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television award winners for Best Supporting Actor
Canadian Film Award
1969–1978
Michael Posner (1969)
Gratien Gélinas (1970)
Danny Freedman (1971)
Donald Pilon (1972)
Willie Lamothe (1973)
no award (1974)
Henry Beckman (1975)
Frank Moore (1976)
Jean Lapointe (1977)
Henry Beckman (1978)
Genie Award
1980–2011
Gordon Pinsent (1980)
Germain Houde (1981)
Saul Rubinek (1982)
R. H. Thomson (1983)
Michael Zelniker (1984)
Alan Scarfe (1985)
Alan Arkin (1986)
Gabriel Arcand (1987)
Germain Houde (1988)
Rémy Girard (1989)
Rémy Girard (1990)
August Schellenberg (1991)
Michael Hogan (1992)
Kevin Tighe (1993)
Don McKellar (1994)
Kenneth Welsh (1995)
Peter Donaldson (1996)
Peter MacNeill (1997)
Callum Keith Rennie (1998)
Mark McKinney (1999)
Martin Cummins (2000)
Vincent Gale (2001)
Elias Koteas (2002)
Stéphane Rousseau (2003)
Jean Lapointe (2004)
Denis Bernard (2005)
Stephen McHattie (2006)
Armin Mueller-Stahl (2007)
Callum Keith Rennie (2008)
Maxim Gaudette (2009)
Dustin Hoffman (2010)
Viggo Mortensen (2011)
Canadian Screen Award
2012–present
Serge Kanyinda (2012)
Gordon Pinsent (2013)
John Cusack (2014)
Nick Serino (2015)
Vincent Cassel (2016)
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BIFA Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a British Independent Film
Ray Winstone (1998)
Ian McKellen (1999)
Daniel Craig (2000)
Ben Kingsley (2001)
James Nesbitt (2002)
Chiwetel Ejiofor (2003)
Phil Davis (2004)
Ralph Fiennes (2005)
Tony Curran (2006)
Viggo Mortensen (2007)
Michael Fassbender (2008)
Tom Hardy (2009)
Colin Firth (2010)
Michael Fassbender (2011)
Toby Jones (2012)
James McAvoy (2013)
Brendan Gleeson (2014)
Tom Hardy (2015)
Dave Johns (2016)
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Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Acting Ensemble
(2001–2009)
Gosford Park (2001): Eileen Atkins, Bob Balaban, Alan Bates, Charles Dance, Stephen Fry, Michael Gambon, Richard E. Grant, Tom Hollander, Derek Jacobi, Kelly Macdonald, Helen Mirren, Jeremy Northam, Clive Owen, Ryan Phillippe, Maggie Smith, Geraldine Somerville, Kristin Scott Thomas, Sophie Thompson, Emily Watson, James Wilby
Chicago (2002): Christine Baranski, Ekaterina Shchelkanova, Taye Diggs, Denise Faye, Colm Feore, Richard Gere, Deidre Goodwin, Queen Latifah, Lucy Liu, Susan Misner, Mýa, John C. Reilly, Dominic West, Renée Zellweger, Catherine Zeta-Jones
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003): Sean Astin, Sean Bean, Cate Blanchett, Orlando Bloom, Billy Boyd, Bernard Hill, Ian Holm, Ian McKellen, Dominic Monaghan, Viggo Mortensen, John Noble, Miranda Otto, John Rhys-Davies, Andy Serkis, Liv Tyler, Karl Urban, Hugo Weaving, David Wenham, Elijah Wood
Sideways (2004): Thomas Haden Church, Paul Giamatti, Virginia Madsen, Sandra Oh
Crash (2005): Christopher "Ludacris" Bridges, Sandra Bullock, Don Cheadle, Matt Dillon, Jennifer Esposito, William Fichtner, Brendan Fraser, Terrence Howard, Thandie Newton, Ryan Phillippe, Larenz Tate
Little Miss Sunshine (2006): Alan Arkin, Abigail Breslin, Steve Carell, Toni Collette, Paul Dano, Greg Kinnear
Hairspray (2007): Nikki Blonsky, Amanda Bynes, Paul Dooley, Zac Efron, Allison Janney, Elijah Kelley, Queen Latifah, James Marsden, Michelle Pfeiffer, Brittany Snow, Jerry Stiller, John Travolta, Christopher Walken
Milk (2008): Josh Brolin, Joseph Cross, James Franco, Victor Garber, Emile Hirsch, Diego Luna, Denis O'Hare, Sean Penn, Alison Pill
Inglourious Basterds (2009): Daniel Brühl, August Diehl, Julie Dreyfus, Michael Fassbender, Sylvester Groth, Jacky Ido, Diane Kruger, Mélanie Laurent, Denis Ménochet, Mike Myers, Brad Pitt, Eli Roth, Til Schweiger, Rod Taylor, Christoph Waltz, Martin Wuttke
(2010–present)
The Fighter (2010): Amy Adams, Christian Bale, Melissa Leo, Jack McGee, Mark Wahlberg
The Help (2011): Jessica Chastain, Viola Davis, Bryce Dallas Howard, Allison Janney, Chris Lowell, Ahna O'Reilly, Sissy Spacek, Octavia Spencer, Mary Steenburgen, Emma Stone, Cicely Tyson, Mike Vogel
Silver Linings Playbook (2012): Bradley Cooper, Robert De Niro, Anupam Kher, Jennifer Lawrence, Chris Tucker, Jacki Weaver
American Hustle (2013): Amy Adams, Christian Bale, Louis C.K., Bradley Cooper, Jack Huston, Jennifer Lawrence, Alessandro Nivola, Michael Peña, Jeremy Renner, Elisabeth Röhm, Shea Whigham
Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) (2014): Zach Galifianakis, Michael Keaton, Edward Norton, Andrea Riseborough, Amy Ryan, Emma Stone, Naomi Watts
Spotlight (2015): Billy Crudup, Brian d'Arcy James, Michael Keaton, Rachel McAdams, Mark Ruffalo, Liev Schreiber, John Slattery, Stanley Tucci
Moonlight (2016): Mahershala Ali, Patrick Decile, Alex R. Hibbert, Naomie Harris, André Holland, Jharrel Jerome, Janelle Monáe, Jaden Piner, Trevante Rhodes, Ashton Sanders
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Satellite Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture
Musical or Comedy
(1996–2010, retired)
Tom Cruise (1996)
Jack Nicholson (1997)
Ian Bannen (1998)
Philip Seymour Hoffman (1999)
Michael Douglas (2000)
Ewan McGregor (2001)
Kieran Culkin (2002)
Bill Murray (2003)
Jamie Foxx (2004)
Terrence Howard (2005)
Joseph Cross (2006)
Ryan Gosling (2007)
Ricky Gervais (2008)
Michael Stuhlbarg (2009)
Michael Cera (2010)
Motion Picture Drama
(1996–2010, retired)
Geoffrey Rush (1996)
Robert Duvall (1997)
Edward Norton (1998)
Terence Stamp (1999)
Geoffrey Rush (2000)
Brian Cox (2001)
Michael Caine / Daniel Day-Lewis (2002)
Sean Penn (2003)
Don Cheadle (2004)
Philip Seymour Hoffman (2005)
Forest Whitaker (2006)
Viggo Mortensen (2007)
Richard Jenkins (2008)
Jeremy Renner (2009)
Colin Firth (2010)
Motion Picture
(2011–present)
Ryan Gosling (2011)
Bradley Cooper (2012)
Matthew McConaughey (2013)
Michael Keaton (2014)
Leonardo DiCaprio (2015)
Andrew Garfield / Viggo Mortensen (2016)
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Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture (2001–2010)
2001
Gosford Park
Eileen Atkins, Bob Balaban, Alan Bates, Charles Dance, Stephen Fry, Michael Gambon, Richard E. Grant, Tom Hollander, Derek Jacobi, Kelly Macdonald, Helen Mirren, Jeremy Northam, Clive Owen, Ryan Phillippe, Maggie Smith, Geraldine Somerville, Kristin Scott Thomas, Sophie Thompson, Emily Watson, James Wilby
2002
Chicago
Christine Baranski, Ekaterina Shchelkanova, Taye Diggs, Denise Faye, Colm Feore, Richard Gere, Deidre Goodwin, Queen Latifah, Lucy Liu, Susan Misner, Mýa, John C. Reilly, Dominic West, Renée Zellweger, Catherine Zeta-Jones
2003
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King
Sean Astin, Sean Bean, Cate Blanchett, Orlando Bloom, Billy Boyd, Bernard Hill, Ian Holm, Ian McKellen, Dominic Monaghan, Viggo Mortensen, John Noble, Miranda Otto, John Rhys-Davies, Andy Serkis, Liv Tyler, Karl Urban, Hugo Weaving, David Wenham, Elijah Wood
2004
Sideways
Thomas Haden Church, Paul Giamatti, Virginia Madsen, Sandra Oh
2005
Crash
Christopher "Ludacris" Bridges, Sandra Bullock, Don Cheadle, Matt Dillon, Jennifer Esposito, William Fichtner, Brendan Fraser, Terrence Howard, Thandie Newton, Ryan Phillippe, Larenz Tate
2006
Little Miss Sunshine
Alan Arkin, Abigail Breslin, Steve Carell, Toni Collette, Paul Dano, Greg Kinnear
2007
No Country for Old Men
Javier Bardem, Josh Brolin, Garret Dillahunt, Tess Harper, Woody Harrelson, Tommy Lee Jones, Kelly Macdonald
2008
Slumdog Millionaire
Rubina Ali, Tanay Chheda, Ashutosh Lobo Gajiwala, Azharuddin Mohammed Ismail, Anil Kapoor, Irrfan Khan, Ayush Mahesh Khedekar, Tanvi Ganesh Lonkar, Madhur Mittal, Dev Patel, Freida Pinto
2009
Inglourious Basterds
Daniel Brühl, August Diehl, Julie Dreyfus, Michael Fassbender, Sylvester Groth, Jacky Ido, Diane Kruger, Mélanie Laurent, Denis Ménochet, Mike Myers, Brad Pitt, Eli Roth, Til Schweiger, Rod Taylor, Christoph Waltz, Martin Wuttke
2010
The King's Speech
Anthony Andrews, Helena Bonham Carter, Jennifer Ehle, Colin Firth, Michael Gambon, Derek Jacobi, Guy Pearce, Geoffrey Rush, Timothy Spall
Complete list
(1995–2000)
(2001–2010)
(2011–2020)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 75052789
LCCN: nr99025465
ISNI: 0000 0001 1029 6296
GND: 133819671
SUDOC: 057750009
BNF: cb140198291 (data)
ULAN: 500349273
MusicBrainz: 44b3288f-c16f-430d-81dd-545cf3d2963f
BNE: XX1149093
RKD: 239525
IATH: w6nz8fs3
PIC: 294461
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viggo_Mortensen&oldid=807224483"
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values: فيجو مورتينسين – Arabic

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