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Fargo (TV series)
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Fargo
Genre
Anthology
Crime drama
Black comedy
Created by
Noah Hawley
Based on
Fargo
by Joel and Ethan Coen
Starring
Billy Bob Thornton
Allison Tolman
Colin Hanks
Martin Freeman
Kirsten Dunst
Patrick Wilson
Jesse Plemons
Jean Smart
Ted Danson
Ewan McGregor
Carrie Coon
Mary Elizabeth Winstead
Goran Bogdan
David Thewlis
Composer(s)
Jeff Russo
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
3
No. of episodes
30 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Noah Hawley
Warren Littlefield
Joel Coen
Ethan Coen
Adam Bernstein
Geyer Kosinsk
John Cameron
Leslie Cowan
Producer(s)
Kim Todd
Chad Oakes
Michael Frislev
Erik Holmberg
Location(s)
Calgary, Alberta
Cinematography
Dana Gonzales
Matthew J. Lloyd
Running time
46–68 minutes
Production company(s)
Nomadic Pictures
26 Keys Productions
The Littlefield Company
Mike Zoss Productions (2014–15)
FX Productions (2014–15)
FXP (2017)
MGM Television
Distributor
20th Television
Release
Original network
FX
Picture format
16:9 HDTV
Original release
April 15, 2014 (2014-04-15) – present
External links
Website
Fargo is an American black comedy–crime drama anthology television series created and primarily written by Noah Hawley. The show is inspired by the eponymous 1996 film written and directed by the Coen brothers, who serve as executive producers on the series alongside Hawley. The series premiered on April 15, 2014, on FX,[1] and follows an anthology format, with each season set in a different era, and with a different story and mostly new characters and cast, although there is minor overlap. Each season shares a common chronology with the original film.
The first season, set in 2006 and starring Billy Bob Thornton, Allison Tolman, Colin Hanks, and Martin Freeman, was met with critical acclaim.[2] It won the Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Miniseries, Outstanding Directing, and Outstanding Casting, and received 15 additional nominations including Outstanding Writing, another Outstanding Directing nomination, and acting nominations for all four leads. It also won the Golden Globe Awards for Best Miniseries or Television Film and Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film for Thornton.
The second season, set in 1979 and starring Kirsten Dunst, Patrick Wilson, Jesse Plemons, Jean Smart, and Ted Danson, was also met with critical acclaim.[3] It received three Golden Globe nominations, along with several Emmy nominations including Outstanding Miniseries, and acting nominations for Dunst, Plemons, Smart, and Bokeem Woodbine.
The third season, set in 2010 and starring Ewan McGregor, Carrie Coon, Mary Elizabeth Winstead, Goran Bogdan, and David Thewlis, premiered on April 19, 2017.[4] It was met with similar reception, and received Emmy nominations including Outstanding Miniseries, and acting nominations for McGregor, Coon, and Thewlis. It received three Golden Globe nominations, for Outstanding Limited Series, and McGregor and Thewlis for acting, with McGregor winning in his category.
The series is currently on an extended hiatus and FX announced in January 2018 that a fourth season is in development and is planned for a 2019 release.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 Series overview
1.1 Season 1 (2014)
1.2 Season 2 (2015)
1.3 Season 3 (2017)
2 Cast and characters
2.1 Season 1
2.2 Season 2
2.3 Season 3
3 Production
4 "This is a true story"
5 Reception
5.1 Critical response
5.1.1 Season 1
5.1.2 Season 2
5.1.3 Season 3
5.2 Accolades
6 Broadcast
7 References
8 External links
Series overview[edit]
Main article: List of Fargo episodes
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
First aired
Last aired
1 10 April 15, 2014 (2014-04-15) June 17, 2014 (2014-06-17)
2 10 October 12, 2015 (2015-10-12) December 14, 2015 (2015-12-14)
3 10 April 19, 2017 (2017-04-19) June 21, 2017 (2017-06-21)
Season 1 (2014)[edit]
Main article: Fargo (season 1)
In 2006, Lorne Malvo (Billy Bob Thornton) passes through Bemidji, Minnesota, and influences the community – including put-upon insurance salesman Lester Nygaard (Martin Freeman) – with his malice, violence, and deception. Meanwhile, Deputy Molly Solverson (Allison Tolman) and Duluth police officer Gus Grimly (Colin Hanks) team up to solve a series of murders they believe may be linked to Malvo and Nygaard.
Season 2 (2015)[edit]
Main article: Fargo (season 2)
In 1979, beautician Peggy Blumquist (Kirsten Dunst) and her husband, butcher Ed Blumquist (Jesse Plemons) of Luverne, Minnesota, cover up her hit-and-run and murder of Rye Gerhardt (Kieran Culkin), son of Floyd Gerhardt (Jean Smart), matriarch of the Gerhardt crime family in Fargo, North Dakota. Meanwhile, State Trooper Lou Solverson (Patrick Wilson) and his father-in-law, Sheriff Hank Larsson (Ted Danson), investigate a triple homicide at a local diner connected to Rye.[6]
Season 3 (2017)[edit]
Main article: Fargo (season 3)
In 2010, St. Cloud probation officer Ray Stussy (Ewan McGregor) and his parolee girlfriend Nikki Swango (Mary Elizabeth Winstead) dream of a better, wealthier life. To achieve this, they attempt to steal a valuable vintage stamp from Ray's more successful older brother, Emmit (also played by McGregor), the self-proclaimed "Parking Lot King of Minnesota". However, their plans backfire, and the couple soon has to hide their involvement in two deaths, including the stepfather of former Eden Valley police chief Gloria Burgle (Carrie Coon). Meanwhile, Emmit wishes to pay back a shady company he borrowed money from two years ago, but the mysterious company and its employees, led by V. M. Varga (David Thewlis) and Yuri Gurka (Goran Bogdan), have other plans.
Cast and characters[edit]
Season 1[edit]
Main article: Fargo (season 1) § Cast
Billy Bob Thornton as Lorne Malvo
Allison Tolman as Deputy Molly Solverson
Colin Hanks as Officer Gus Grimly
Martin Freeman as Lester Nygaard
Season 2[edit]
Main article: Fargo (season 2) § Cast
Kirsten Dunst as Peggy Blumquist
Patrick Wilson as State Trooper Lou Solverson
Jesse Plemons as Ed Blumquist
Jean Smart as Floyd Gerhardt
Ted Danson as Sheriff Hank Larsson
Season 3[edit]
Main article: Fargo (season 3) § Cast
Ewan McGregor as Emmit and Ray Stussy
Carrie Coon as Gloria Burgle
Mary Elizabeth Winstead as Nikki Swango
Goran Bogdan as Yuri Gurka
David Thewlis as V. M. Varga
Production[edit]
In 2012, it was announced that FX, with the Coen brothers as executive producers, was developing a new television series based on the 1996 Academy Award-winning film Fargo.[7] It was later announced that adaptation would be a 10-episode limited series.[8] On August 2, 2013, it was announced that Billy Bob Thornton had signed on to star in the series.[9] On September 27, 2013, Martin Freeman also signed on to star. On October 3, 2013, it was announced that Colin Hanks was cast in the role of Duluth police officer Gus Grimly.[10] Production began in late 2013 with filming taking place in and around Calgary, Alberta.[11]
The series is set in the same fictional universe as the film, in which events took place in 1987 between Minneapolis and Brainerd, Minnesota. The first season features the buried ransom money from the film in a minor subplot.[12][13] Additionally, a number of references are made connecting the series to the film.[14]
Following the series renewal in July 2014, creator Noah Hawley revealed that the second season would take place in 1979 and focus on Sioux Falls, South Dakota, as referenced by Lou Solverson and others in the first season. The ten episodes are set in Luverne, Minnesota, Fargo, North Dakota, and Sioux Falls. Hawley agreed that this takes place before the events of the film, but he believes all the stories connect: "I like the idea that somewhere out there is a big, leather-bound book that's the history of true crime in the Midwest, and the movie was Chapter 4, Season 1 was Chapter 9 and this is Chapter 2," he said. "You can turn the pages of this book, and you just find this collection of stories. ... But I like the idea that these things are connected somehow, whether it's linearly or literally or thematically. That's what we play around with."[15] This book was realized in season 2, episode 9, "The Castle".[16] Production on the second season began in Calgary on January 19, 2015, and completed on May 20, 2015.[17] The first teaser for the second season was released on June 17, 2015.[18]
Production on season 3 began in January 2017 in Calgary, Alberta.[19]
"This is a true story"[edit]
As with the original film, each episode begins with the superimposed text:
“ This is a true story. The events depicted took place in Minnesota in [year]. At the request of the survivors, the names have been changed. Out of respect for the dead, the rest has been told exactly as it occurred. ”
As with the film, this claim is untrue.[20] Showrunner Noah Hawley continued to use the Coens' device, saying it allowed him to "tell a story in a new way."[21] Hawley has played with the realism of the story further; responding to queries about Charlie Gerhardt, a character from season 2, he stated "If he’s out there, I’d like to get a letter from him someday, telling me how he turned out.”[22]
At the 2017 ATX Television Festival in Austin, Texas, Hawley further discussed the "true story" series tag: "So what does that even mean—the words 'true story'?" he said. "I really wanted to deconstruct that this year." He recalled one of the lines spoken by Sy Feltz, Michael Stuhlbarg's character: "'The world is wrong—it looks like my world but everything is different.' That's what we're exploring this year."[23]
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
Season 1[edit]
The first season received acclaim from television critics, and received a Metacritic score of 85 out of 100 based on 40 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim."[2] The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 97% "certified fresh" critics rating with an average rating of 8.44 out of 10 based on 49 reviews. The website consensus reads: "Based on the film of the same name in atmosphere, style, and location only, Fargo presents more quirky characters and a new storyline that is expertly executed with dark humor and odd twists."[24] IGN reviewer Roth Cornet gave the first season a 9.7 out of 10 score, praising the casting, its thematic ties to the movie, and the writing.[25] The A.V. Club named it the sixth best TV series of 2014.[26]
Season 2[edit]
The second season has been met with overwhelming acclaim from television critics. It received a Metacritic score of 96 based on 33 reviews, which indicates "universal acclaim".[3] Rotten Tomatoes reported a 100% "certified fresh" rating with an average rating of 9.19 out of 10 based on 53 reviews, with the site's consensus, "Season two of Fargo retains all the elements that made the series an award-winning hit, successfully delivering another stellar saga powered by fascinating characters, cheeky cynicism, and just a touch of the absurd."[27]
Season 3[edit]
The third season has received acclaim similar to the first two seasons from critics. On Metacritic, it has a score of 89 out of 100 based on 32 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".[28] On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a 93% rating with an average score of 8.56 out of 10 based on 50 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads: "Thanks in part to a memorable dual performance from Ewan McGregor, Fargo mostly maintains the sly wit and off-kilter sensibility it displayed in its first two seasons."[29]
Accolades[edit]
Noah Hawley, Warren Littlefield and John Cameron at the 74th Annual Peabody Awards
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Fargo
Fargo has won 32 of its 133 award nominations. The first season garnered 8 Primetime Emmy Award nominations, with the show itself winning the Outstanding Miniseries and director Colin Bucksey winning the Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Dramatic Special.[30] It received an additional 10 Creative Arts Emmy Award nominations, winning for Outstanding Casting for a Miniseries, Movie, or Special.[30] It has received eight Golden Globe Award nominations, with the show winning for Best Miniseries or Television Film, and Billy Bob Thornton winning for Best Actor in a Miniseries or Television Film.[31] The series has also received one Screen Actors Guild Award nomination to Billy Bob Thornton for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie.[32] Additional accolades include: the American Film Institute Award for Top Ten Television Program in 2014[33] and 2015,[34] the Artios Award for Excellence in Casting,[35] a Peabody Award,[36] seven Critics' Choice Television Awards in which the show won twice for Best Miniseries and five times in acting for Billy Bob Thornton, Allison Tolman, Kirsten Dunst, Jesse Plemons and Jean Smart,[37][38] the Dorian Awards for TV Drama of the Year,[39] the Golden Reel Award for Best Music Score,[40] two Producers Guild of America Award for Outstanding Producer of Long-Form Television[41][42] and a Writers Guild of America Awards for Long Form – Adapted.[43]
Broadcast[edit]
On April 15, 2014, the series made its debut on FX and FXX in Canada; the remaining episodes were shown on FXX.[44][45] The next day, it premiered in the UK on Channel 4.[46] On May 1, 2014, it premiered on SBS One in Australia,[47] and on SoHo in New Zealand.[48]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Goldberg, Lesley (January 14, 2014). "FX's 'Fargo' Cast, EPs on Film Comparisons, Anthology Format, Courting Billy Bob Thornton". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 23, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Fargo: Season 1". Metacritic. Retrieved November 27, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Fargo: Season 2". Metacritic. Retrieved November 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (February 22, 2017). "Fargo Season 3 Premiere Date Set". TVLine. Retrieved February 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Hibberd, James; Abrams, Natalie (January 5, 2018). "Fargo season 4 in the works for 2019, FX says". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved January 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ Macy, Seth G. (July 9, 2015). "Comic-Con: Here's Bruce Campbell as Ronald Reagan in FX's Fargo". IGN. Retrieved July 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (September 21, 2012). "FX Teams With Joel & Ethan Coen And Noah Hawley For Series Adaptation Of 'Fargo'". Deadline. Retrieved September 25, 2012.
Jump up ^ Schwartz, Terri (March 28, 2013). "'Fargo' TV Series Gets 10 Episodes On FX". MTV. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Billy Bob Thornton to star in "Fargo" TV series". CBS News. August 2, 2013. Retrieved August 3, 2013.
Jump up ^ Kenneally, Tim (October 2, 2013). "Colin Hanks Heading for FX's 'Fargo'". The Wrap. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ Rackl, Lori (August 2, 2013). "Billy Bob Thornton to star in 'Fargo' series on FX". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on August 3, 2014. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
Jump up ^ Ray, Amber (May 7, 2014). "'Fargo' episode 4: The Easter egg that connects the series to the film". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ Nguyen, Hanh (May 6, 2014). "Fargo Boss Breaks Down That (Very Familiar) Money Shot". TV Guide. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ Ray, Amber (June 17, 2014). "'Fargo': Rounding up every Coen Brothers Easter egg". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (July 21, 2014). "'Fargo' Season 2: EP Noah Hawley details where, when and how it's connected to Season 1". Zap2it. Retrieved July 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ Robinson, Joanna (December 8, 2015). "Fargo's Craziest Episode Is One We Really Should Have Seen Coming". Vanity Fair. Retrieved December 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "What's Shooting". ACTRA Alberta. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ Couch, Aaron (June 18, 2015). "'Fargo' Season 2 Teaser Highlights 1970s Winter". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ ""Fargo" Adds Cast for Third Installment" (Press release). FX. December 20, 2016. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ Vincent, Alice (April 28, 2014). "The truth behind Fargo's 'true story'". The Telegraph. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ Gupta, Prachi (April 16, 2014). ""No Country for Old Fargo": The story behind FX's new adaptation of the classic movie". Salon. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ D'Arminio, Aubry (December 15, 2015). "Fargo Creator Noah Hawley Answers: What Happened to Charlie Gerhardt?". TV Insider. Retrieved May 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ Ryan, Maureen (June 9, 2017). "Fargo at ATX: Noah Hawley Talks Future Seasons and More". Variety. Retrieved June 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Fargo: Season 1 (2014)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved April 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ Cornet, Roth (June 25, 2014). "Fargo: Season 1 Review". IGN. Retrieved September 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ McNutt, Myles (December 11, 2014). "The best TV shows of 2014 (part 2)". The A.V. Club. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Fargo: Season 2 (2015)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved November 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Fargo: Season 3". Metacritic. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Fargo: Season 3". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved June 29, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Lowry, Brian (July 10, 2014). "2014 Emmy Awards: 'Game of Thrones,' 'Fargo' Lead Nominations". Variety. Retrieved December 21, 2015.
Jump up ^ Swift, Andy (January 11, 2015). "Golden Globes 2015: Gina Rodriguez, Transparent, The Affair Win Big". TVLine. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ Mitovich, Matt Webb (December 10, 2014). "SAG Awards: Modern Family, Thrones, Homeland, Boardwalk, Cards Lead Noms; Mad Men Shut Out; HTGAWM, Maslany and Aduba Get Nods". TVLine. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ Poniewozik, James (December 8, 2014). "AFI Names Best TV of 2014, From The Americans to Transparent". Time. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Here Are the AFI AWARDS 2015 Official Selections". AFI. December 15, 2015. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ "30TH ARTIOS AWARDS WINNERS". Casting Society of America. January 22, 2015. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ "74th Annual Peabody Winners". Peabody Awards. April 16, 2015. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ Prudom, Laura (June 20, 2014). "Critics' Choice Awards: 'Breaking Bad,' 'OITNB,' 'Fargo,' 'Normal Heart' Among Top Winners". Variety. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ THR Staff (January 17, 2016). "Critics' Choice Awards: The Complete Winners List". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ TV News Desk (January 19, 2016). "CAROL Among Winners of Gay & Lesbian Entertainment Critics Association Dorian Awards". Broadway World. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ Pedersen, Erik (February 15, 2015). "'Birdman', 'American Sniper' Top Golden Reel Awards: MPSE Winners List". Deadline.com. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ Tapley, Kristopher (January 25, 2015). "'Birdman,' 'Breaking Bad,' 'Fargo' win 2015 PGA Awards". HitFix. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (January 23, 2016). "PGA Awards: 'The Big Short' Wins Top Film Prize; 'Game Of Thrones' Takes Drama; 'Transparent' Nabs Comedy". Deadline.com. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (February 13, 2016). "WGA Awards: 'Spotlight' & 'The Big Short' Take Marquee Film Honors; 'Mad Men', 'Veep' & 'Mr. Robot' Top TV – Full List". Deadline.com. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ Strachan, Alex (April 8, 2014). "New Fargo TV series is strange and remarkable". Edmonton Journal. Archived from the original on April 11, 2014. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
Jump up ^ Oswald, Brad (April 15, 2014). "Fargo an excellent series... that we can't watch". Winnipeg Free Press. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ Arnold, Ben (April 12, 2014). "Fargo comes to Channel 4: 'This is not a TV series, it's a 10-hour movie'". The Guardian. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (March 25, 2014). "Airdate: Fargo". TV Tonight. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Small town. Small tale". SkyTV. Retrieved May 9, 2014.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Fargo (TV series)
Official website
Fargo at TV.com
Fargo at Metacritic
Fargo at Rotten Tomatoes
Fargo on IMDb
[show]
v
t
e
Fargo
Film
Characters
Marge Gunderson
TV series
Episodes
Season 1
"The Crocodile's Dilemma"
"The Rooster Prince"
"A Muddy Road"
"Eating the Blame"
"The Six Ungraspables"
"Buridan's Ass"
"Who Shaves the Barber?"
"The Heap"
"A Fox, a Rabbit, and a Cabbage"
"Morton's Fork"
Season 2
"Waiting for Dutch"
Season 3
"The Law of Vacant Places"
"The Law of Non-Contradiction"
"The Narrow Escape Problem"
Characters
Season 1
Lorne Malvo
Molly Solverson
Lester Nygaard
Lou Solverson
Mr. Wrench and Mr. Numbers
Season 2
Peggy Blumquist
Ed Blumquist
Lou Solverson
Floyd Gerhardt
Hanzee Dent
Season 3
Gloria Burgle
V. M. Varga
Mr. Wrench
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Fargo (TV series)
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text:
World's tallest thermometer
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World's Tallest Thermometer
World's Tallest Thermometer, 2003
General information
Status
Complete
Type
Sign
Location
72157 Baker Boulevard
Baker, California
United States
Coordinates
35°15′59″N 116°04′22″W / 35.26644°N 116.07275°W / 35.26644; -116.07275Coordinates: 35°15′59″N 116°04′22″W / 35.26644°N 116.07275°W / 35.26644; -116.07275
Completed
1991
Renovated
2014
Cost
$700,000
Renovation cost
$150,000
Owner
Herron family
Height
134 feet (41 m)
Dimensions
Weight
76,812 pounds (34,841 kg)
Design and construction
Main contractor
Young Electric Sign Company
Website
worldstallestthermometer.com
The World's Tallest Thermometer is a landmark located in Baker, California, USA. It is an electric sign that commemorates the record 134 degrees Fahrenheit (57 degrees Celsius) recorded in nearby Death Valley on July 10, 1913.
The sign weighs 76,812 pounds (34,841 kg) and is held together by 125 cubic yards (96 m3) of concrete. It stands 134 feet (41 m) tall and is capable of displaying a maximum temperature of 134 °F (57 °C), both of which are a reference to the temperature record.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Location
3 References
4 External links
History[edit]
It was built in 1991 by the Young Electric Sign Company of Salt Lake City, Utah[1] for Willis Herron, a local Baker businessman who spent $700,000 to build the thermometer next to his Bun Boy restaurant. Its height -- 134 feet -- was in honor of the 134-degree record temperature set in nearby Death Valley on July 10, 1913.
Soon after its construction, 70-mph winds snapped the thermometer in half, and It was rebuilt. Two years later, severe gusts made the thermometer sway so much that its light bulbs popped out. Concrete was then poured inside the steel core to reinforce the monument.
Herron sold the attraction and restaurant to another local businessman, Larry Dabour, who sold it in 2005. In September 2012, the owner at that time, Matt Pike, said that the power bill for its operation had reached $8,000 per month and that he turned it off due to the poor economy.[2] In 2013, the thermometer and accompanying empty gift shop were listed for sale.[3] The family of Willis Herron (who died in 2007) recovered ownership of the property in 2014 and stated their intention to make it operational again.[4] The official re-lighting took place on July 10, 2014.[5]
In December 2016, eVgo announced building the first US fast charge station for electric vehicles at up to 350 kW. It is scheduled to operate at WTT after summer 2017.[6]
Location[edit]
The world's tallest thermometer is located at 72157 Baker Boulevard in Baker, California. It is visible from three different angles along Interstate 15 in Southern California's Mojave Desert. A gift shop at the base of the thermometer stands near a commemorative plaque that describes the history of the site.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Benson, Lee (6 January 2003). "Hot spot is a cool pit stop". Deseret News.
Jump up ^ Willon, Phil (24 December 2012). "Baker's giant thermometer, long on the blink, is taking heat". Los Angeles Times.
Jump up ^ Willon, Phil (3 January 2013). "Baker's giant thermometer is up for sale". Los Angeles Times.
Jump up ^ Lee, Wendy (26 March 2014). "World's tallest thermometer could light up again". KPCC.
Jump up ^ Rocha, Veronica (12 July 2014). "World's tallest thermometer in Baker shines bright again". Los Angeles Times.
Jump up ^ "The first electric vehicle DC fast-charging station capable of 350 kW output breaks ground in California". Electrek. 15 December 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to World's Tallest Thermometer.
Official website
Roadside America
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World%27s_tallest_thermometer&oldid=757013261"
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text:
Many happy returns (greeting)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other uses, see Many Happy Returns.
"Many happy returns" is a greeting which is used by some on birthdays, and by others in response to "Merry Christmas" and "Happy New Year". Since the 18th century this has been used as a salutation to offer the hope that a happy day being marked would recur many more times. It is now primarily used, by some, on birthdays. Prior to the mid-19th century, it was used at any celebratory or festive event. The phrase is more common in British English, Indian English, Hiberno English and to some degree in Canadian English than in American English.
Current usage is often as a more formal option than "Happy Birthday". It is also often found on greetings cards.
Its earliest attributable use was by Lady Newdigate in a letter written in 1789 (and published in Newdigate-Newdegate Cheverels in 1898)[1]
Many happy returns of þe day to us my Dr Love
The letter was written in London on 31 May 1789 by Hester Margaretta, Lady Newdigate, to her husband, Sir Roger Newdigate, 5th Baronet, and refers to a wish for their wedding day.
A much earlier reference is found in Joseph Addison's newspaper The Freeholder:[2]
The usual Salutation to a Man upon his Birth-day among the ancient Romans was Multos & foelices; in which they wished him many happy Returns of it.
An alternative explanation is that "returns" here is used in the sense of "yield" or "profit" that it is still found in "investment returns". Therefore, "many happy returns of the day" would be a wishing a person a rewarding day, full of happiness. This use has been traced back to Joseph Addison in 1716. [3][4]
"Many happy returns" is Winnie-the-Pooh's preferred method of wishing people a happy birthday, as seen throughout the story "In Which Eeyore has a Birthday and Gets Two Presents" in the 1926 collection Winnie-the-Pooh.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The Cheverels of Cheverel manor - by Lady Newdigate-Newdegate author of 'Gossip from a Muniment Room' - With Illustrations from Family Portraits", Longmans Green & Co, 1898; Chapter VI, page 84. see also "Cavalier and Puritan in the days of the Stuarts: compiled from the private papers and diary of Sir Richard Newdigate, second Baronet, with extracts from ms. news-letters addressed to him between 1675 and 1689", by Lady Anne Emily Garnier Newdigate-Newdegate." In this book, the letters are compiled and commented, that inspired George Eliot's work Scenes of Clerical Life.
Jump up ^ The Freeholder extraordinary, issued by James Bettenham and Sold by John Morphew near Stationers-Hall, n° 46, dated Monday, May 25, 1716, http://www.worldcat.org/title/freeholder-extraordinary/oclc/643155245
Jump up ^ "Online etymology dictionary". 2010. Retrieved 2011-05-11.
Jump up ^ "Return". Dictionary.com. 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-29.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Many_happy_returns_(greeting)&oldid=818509117"
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Celebrity Big Brother (U.S. TV series)
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This article is about the celebrity edition. For the regular edition, see Big Brother (U.S. TV series). For other uses, see Celebrity Big Brother.
Celebrity Big Brother
Season 1 (2018)
Legend
Not in house
Celebrity Big Brother, also known as Big Brother: Celebrity Edition[1], is a spin-off series of the American reality television series Big Brother. This season will air during the winter of the 2017–18 network television season on CBS and will be the second U.S. Big Brother season to air outside the usual summer television season, the first being Big Brother 9 in 2008. Julie Chen will return as host, with Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan returning as executive producers. The season will be produced by Fly on the Wall Entertainment in association with Endemol Shine North America. CBS announced that the series is set to premiere on February 7, 2018 and conclude on February 25, 2018.[2]
The promotional logo was released on December 20, 2017. The logo is similar to the Big Brother 19 promotional logo, however has the word ‘celebrity’ added.[3] The first teaser was also released the same day.[4] In January 2018 official photos of the house and backyard were released through a press release and an Instagram livestream with Julie Chen.[5][6]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Production
2.1 Broadcasts
2.2 Viewing Figures
3 References
4 External links
Background[edit]
After the first season of the British version of Big Brother proved to be a success in the ratings for Channel 4, the network collaborated with the BBC for the first British season of Celebrity Big Brother in aid of Comic Relief. The season ran for a condensed run of eight days and featured six British celebrities moving into the house used for the first British season.[7] Due to the success of the first celebrity edition, a second season was ordered and shown exclusively on Channel 4 in November 2002. The celebrity version took a two year break before returning for its third season in 2005, and became a regular staple alongside the regular British version. Starting with the third season, the show began to feature celebrities outside the United Kingdom alongside well known British celebrities. Many notable American celebrities have since taken part in the British version of Celebrity Big Brother.[8][9] American actor Gary Busey took part in the fourteenth season in the summer of 2014 and became the first American celebrity to win Celebrity Big Brother in the United Kingdom.[10]
An American version of Celebrity Big Brother has been speculated since 2002, along with a celebrity version of Survivor.[11] In an interview, Julie Chen and CBS CEO Leslie Moonves revealed talks of a celebrity edition of Big Brother as far back as Big Brother 2.[12] It was rumored that CBS was looking to air a celebrity edition in the fall after Big Brother 3 with radio personality Howard Stern speculated as a possible houseguest.[13] Chen revealed that Paris Hilton had agreed to do it and Roseanne Barr initially agreed to take part, but then backed out.[12] Barr would later take part in another celebrity spin-off of Big Brother called Big Brother: Celebrity Hijack in the United Kingdom in 2008, where she watched over a group of non-celebrity housemates for a day, set tasks and talked to them in the Diary Room.[14]
Julie Chen announced on September 7, 2017, during a live double eviction episode of Big Brother 19 that Celebrity Big Brother would air sometime during winter 2018, before the twentieth season of Big Brother in the summer of 2018. CBS later confirmed via a press release that Julie Chen would return to host the new season, and Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan will be executive producers. The season will be produced by Fly on the Wall Entertainment in association with Endemol Shine North America.[15]
On September 13, 2017, it was revealed by Chen that her husband, CBS chief executive Leslie Moonves, forced her to take a pay cut for the celebrity edition to happen. Moonves stated, "You shouldn't be expected to be paid as if it's a full series. It's a condensed version."[16]
Production[edit]
The format of the show is expected to remain similar to the American version of Big Brother. Competitions for Head of Household and Power of Veto have been confirmed to return for this edition along with live evictions.[2] This series will be shown over a condensed run and will not last as long as a regular season of Big Brother.[16] On December 1, 2017, CBS revealed that the series would premiere on February 7, 2018 and wrap on February 25, 2018.[17]
Broadcasts[edit]
The main television coverage of Celebrity Big Brother will be screened on CBS during the winter of the 2017–18 network television season.[15] Episodes will air on Sundays, Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays with two special episodes on Thursday, February 8 and Saturday, February 24. All episodes are one hour and will air from 8-9 p.m. EST with the exception of Friday episodes, and the season finale which are two hours each and will air from 8-10 p.m. EST.[18] The live Internet feeds will return for the American version of Celebrity Big Brother as part of CBS All Access.[15][12] Alongside the weekly shows on CBS the companion series Big Brother: After Dark will return on Pop providing live coverage nightly from the House.[15][19]
Viewing Figures[edit]
#
Air Date
United States
Source
18–49
(rating/share)
Viewers
(millions)
Rank
(timeslot)
Rank
(night)
1 Wednesday, February 7, 2018 TBA TBA TBA TBA [18]
2 Thursday, February 8, 2018 TBA TBA TBA TBA
3 Friday, February 9, 2018 TBA TBA TBA TBA
4 Sunday, February 11, 2018 TBA TBA TBA TBA
5 Monday, February 12, 2018 TBA TBA TBA TBA
6 Wednesday, February 14, 2018 TBA TBA TBA TBA
7 Friday, February 16, 2018 TBA TBA TBA TBA
8 Sunday, February 18, 2018 TBA TBA TBA TBA
9 Monday, February 19, 2018 TBA TBA TBA TBA
10 Wednesday, February 21, 2018 TBA TBA TBA TBA
11 Friday, February 23, 2018 TBA TBA TBA TBA
12 Saturday, February 24, 2018 TBA TBA TBA TBA
13 Sunday, February 25, 2018 TBA TBA TBA TBA
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Chen, Julie (January 16, 2018). "JULIE LIVE FROM THE HOUSE #BBCelebrity #CBBUS Clues throughout the day!". Instagram. Retrieved January 16, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Webb Mitovich, Matt (December 1, 2017). "CBS Pits Celeb Big Brother vs. Olympics, Sets Date for 30th Amazing Race". TV Line. Retrieved December 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Boyer, Matthew (December 20, 2017). "Celebrity Big Brother Gets Its First CBS Teaser [VIDEO]". Big Brother Network. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Big Brother - Celebrity Big Brother (Preview)". Youtube. December 20, 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Boyer, Matt (January 16, 2018). "Celebrity Big Brother House Photos & Julie Chen Tour". Big Brother Network. Retrieved January 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ Boyer, Matt (January 7, 2018). "Celebrity Big Brother Sneak Peek: First Look At New Backyard [PICS]". Big Brother Network. Retrieved January 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Celebrity Big Brother launched". BBC News. February 15, 2001. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Powell, John (September 7, 2017). "Celebrity Big Brother USA Announced by CBS For Winter 2018". Global Television Network. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Jones, Adrienne (September 8, 2017). "Celebrity Big Brother Is Coming To CBS". CinemaBlend. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Smith, Ryan (September 12, 2014). "Gary Busey becomes first American winner of Celebrity Big Brother". Mail Online. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Big-Name Hunting for Celeb 'Big Bro'". New York Post. February 27, 2002. Archived from the original on March 9, 2003. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Porreca, Brian (September 7, 2017). "'Big Brother' Team Reveals Celebrity Winter Edition (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Mainelli, John (February 28, 2002). "Stern's a Go for 'Big Bro'". New York Post. Archived from the original on March 9, 2002. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Holmwood, Leigh (January 29, 2008). "Big Brother: Celebrity Hijack quietly leaves the room". The Guardian. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Breaking News – CBS to Broadcast Its First Celebrity Edition of Reality Hit "Big Brother"" (Press release). The Futon Critic. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Julie Chen Took a Pay Cut to Make Celebrity Big Brother Happen". TVGuide.com. 2017-09-13. Retrieved 2017-09-14.
Jump up ^ O'Connell, Michael (December 1, 2017). "CBS Will Air a Lot of 'Big Brother' During the Olympics". Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 1, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Romano, Nick (December 1, 2017). "Celebrity Big Brother to air opposite the Winter Olympics". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved December 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Schultz, Cody (September 7, 2017). "Celebrity Big Brother coming to CBS this winter for first time ever". Hidden Remote. Retrieved September 7, 2017.
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Inventory turnover
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In accounting, the Inventory turnover is a measure of the number of times inventory is sold or used in a time period such as a year.It is calculated to see if a business has an excessive inventory in comparison to its sales level. The equation for inventory turnover equals the cost of goods sold divided by the average inventory. Inventory turnover is also known as inventory turns, merchandise turnover, stockturn, stock turns, turns, and stock turnover.
Contents
[hide]
1 Inventory Turnover Formulas
2 Application in Business
3 Note
4 See also
5 References
6 Further reading
Inventory Turnover Formulas[edit]
The formula for inventory turnover:
Inventory Turnover = Net Sales Average Inventory {\displaystyle {\mbox{Inventory Turnover}}={\frac {\mbox{Net Sales}}{\mbox{Average Inventory}}}}
or
Inventory Turnover = Cost of Goods Sold Average Inventory {\displaystyle {\mbox{Inventory Turnover}}={\frac {\mbox{Cost of Goods Sold}}{\mbox{Average Inventory}}}}
or
Inventory Turnover = Cost of Material − Change in inventories (of 1/2 and 1/1 goods) Inventories {\displaystyle {\mbox{Inventory Turnover}}={\frac {\mbox{Cost of Material − Change in inventories (of 1/2 and 1/1 goods)}}{\mbox{Inventories}}}}
The most basic formula for average inventory:
Average Inventory = Beginning inventory+Ending inventory 2 {\displaystyle {\mbox{Average Inventory}}={\frac {\mbox{Beginning inventory+Ending inventory}}{\mbox{2}}}}
or just
Average Inventory = Ending inventory {\displaystyle {\mbox{Average Inventory}}={\mbox{Ending inventory}}}
Multiple data points, for example the average of the monthly averages, will provide a much more representative turn figure.

The average days to sell the inventory is calculated as follows:[1]
Average days to sell the inventory = 365 days Inventory Turnover Ratio {\displaystyle {\mbox{Average days to sell the inventory}}={\frac {\mbox{365 days}}{\mbox{Inventory Turnover Ratio}}}}
Application in Business[edit]
A low turnover rate may point to overstocking,[2] obsolescence, or deficiencies in the product line or marketing effort. However, in some instances a low rate may be appropriate, such as where higher inventory levels occur in anticipation of rapidly rising prices or expected market shortages.
Conversely a high turnover rate may indicate inadequate inventory levels, which may lead to a loss in business as the inventory is too low. This often can result in stock shortages.
Some compilers of industry data (e.g., Dun & Bradstreet) use sales as the numerator instead of cost of sales. Cost of sales yields a more realistic turnover ratio, but it is often necessary to use sales for purposes of comparative analysis. Cost of sales is considered to be more realistic because of the difference in which sales and the cost of sales are recorded. Sales are generally recorded at market value, i.e. the value at which the marketplace paid for the good or service provided by the firm. In the event that the firm had an exceptional year and the market paid a premium for the firm's goods and services then the numerator may be an inaccurate measure. However, cost of sales is recorded by the firm at what the firm actually paid for the materials available for sale. Additionally, firms may reduce prices to generate sales in an effort to cycle inventory. In this article, the terms "cost of sales" and "cost of goods sold" are synonymous.
An item whose inventory is sold (turns over) once a year has higher holding cost than one that turns over twice, or three times, or more in that time. Stock turnover also indicates the briskness of the business. The purpose of increasing inventory turns is to reduce inventory for three reasons.
Increasing inventory turns reduces holding cost. The organization spends less money on rent, utilities, insurance, theft and other costs of maintaining a stock of good to be sold.
Reducing holding cost increases net income and profitability as long as the revenue from selling the item remains constant.
Items that turn over more quickly increase responsiveness to changes in customer requirements while allowing the replacement of obsolete items. This is a major concern in fashion industries.
When making comparison between firms, it's important to take note of the industry, or the comparison will be distorted. Making comparison between a supermarket and a car dealer, will not be appropriate, as supermarket sells fast-moving goods such as sweets, chocolates, soft drinks so the stock turnover will be higher. However, a car dealer will have a low turnover due to the item being a slow moving item. As such only intra-industry comparison will be appropriate.
Note[edit]
Some computer programs measure the stock turns of an item using the actual number sold.
Inventory Turn = Number of Units Sold (Over a given period) Average Number of Units (For the period) {\displaystyle {\mbox{Inventory Turn}}={\frac {\text{Number of Units Sold (Over a given period)}}{\text{Average Number of Units (For the period)}}}}
The important issue is that any organization should be consistent in the formula that it uses.
See also[edit]
Cost accounting
Inventory
Inventory management software
Throughput accounting
Stock rotation
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Weygandt, J. J., Kieso, D. E., & Kell, W. G. (1996). Accounting Principles (4th ed.). New York, Chichester, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 802.
Jump up ^ Commercial Loan Analysis: principles and techniques for credit analysts and lenders By Kenneth R. Pirok ISBN 1-55738-716-8
Further reading[edit]
Business Mathematics, 10th Edition, Chapter 7, § 4, ISBN 0-321-27782-1
Inventory Turnover Business Scenarios
Business and economics portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inventory_turnover&oldid=835857091"
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values: Edit section: Inventory Turnover Formulas

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values: \mbox{Inventory Turnover}=\frac{\mbox{Cost of Goods Sold}}{\mbox{Average Inventory}}

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values: \mbox{Inventory Turnover}=\frac{\mbox{Cost of Material − Change in inventories (of 1/2 and 1/1 goods)}}{\mbox{Inventories}}

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values: \mbox{Average Inventory}=\frac{\mbox{Beginning inventory+Ending inventory}}{\mbox{2}}

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values: \mbox{Average days to sell the inventory}=\frac{\mbox{365 days}}{\mbox{Inventory Turnover Ratio}}

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values: \mbox{Inventory  Turn} = \frac{\text{Number  of  Units  Sold  (Over  a  given  period)}}{\text{Average  Number of  Units  (For  the  period)}}

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