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List of protected areas of the Philippines
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Map of the Philippine archipelago
This is a list of protected areas of the Philippines administered by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources' Biodiversity Management Bureau under the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act of 1992. As of 2013, there are 240 protected areas in the Philippines covering a total area of 54,500 square kilometres (21,000 sq mi) – 14.2% of the Philippines' total area.[1][2]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Classification
2.1 National Parks
2.2 Natural Parks
2.3 Natural Monuments
2.4 Protected Landscape
2.5 Protected Landscape and Seascape
2.6 Protected Seascape
2.7 Game Refuge and Bird Sanctuaries
2.8 Resource Reserves
2.9 Managed Resource Protected Areas
2.10 Marine Reserves
2.11 Watershed Forest Reserves
2.12 Natural Biotic Areas
2.13 Wildlife Sanctuaries
2.14 Wilderness Areas
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
History[edit]
The first important legislation that formed the basis of the current system of national parks and protected areas in the Philippines is the Philippine Commission Act No. 648 enacted in 1903 by the US Congress. This act authorized the Civil Governor to "reserve for civil public purposes, and from sale or settlement, any part of the public domain not appropriated by law for special public purposes."[3]
A total of eight national reserves had been established on July 26, 1904 pursuant to this law. These are: Lamao Forest Reserve in Bataan, Mariquina Reserve in Rizal, Angat River Reserve in Bulacan, Caliraya Falls Reserve in Laguna, La Carlota Reserve in Negros Occidental, San Ramon Reserve in Zamboanga, Magalang Reserve in Pampanga, and Hacienda San Antonio in Isabela.[4] In the same year, the Forest Act of 1904 (Act No. 1148) was adopted that expanded the scope of protected areas in the Philippines.[5] Among the first of such mountain forest reserves to be declared was Mount Maquiling declared on November 21, 1910.[6]
On February 1, 1932, the National Parks Act (Act No. 3195) was enacted that formally established the national parks system in the country.[7] Mount Arayat became the first national park in the Philippines established on June 27, 1933 following this act.
A series of acts and legislations were passed in the next decades that aimed to further strengthen these policies, including the Revised Forestry Code of 1975 (Presidential Decree No. 705) and Forest Administrative Order No. 7. Following the 1987 Constitution, the National Integrated Protected Areas System Act was enacted which further enhanced the administration and classification of protected areas, and broadened the mandate of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources in enforcing its provisions.
Classification[edit]
Protected areas in the Philippines encompass 40,700 square kilometres (15,700 sq mi) of terrestrial areas and 13,800 square kilometres (5,300 sq mi) of marine areas.[1] They are managed according to the following classifications described in Section 4 of the National Integrated Protected Areas System Act of 1992 (NIPAS Act).
National Parks[edit]
Main article: List of national parks of the Philippines
National parks refer to forest reservations essentially of natural wilderness character which have been withdrawn from settlement, occupancy or any form of exploitation except in conformity with approved management plan and set aside as such exclusively to conserve the area or preserve the scenery, the natural and historic objects, wild animals and plants therein and to provide enjoyment of these features in such areas.
Natural Parks[edit]
Natural parks are relatively large areas not materially altered by human activity where extractive resource uses are not allowed and maintained to protect outstanding natural and scenic areas of national or international significance for scientific, educational and recreational use.
Mayon Volcano Natural Park
Apo Reef Natural Park
Mount Kitanglad Range Natural Park
Balinsasayao Twin Lakes Natural Park
Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park
Tubbataha Reef Natural Park
World Heritage Site or part of a World Heritage Site
Name
Area
Established
Location
Apo Reef
7008157920000000000♠15,792.00 ha
(39,022.9 acres) 1996 Occidental Mindoro
Balinsasayao Twin Lakes
7007801605000000000♠8,016.05 ha
(19,808.1 acres) 2000 Negros Oriental
Bicol
7007520100000000000♠5,201.00 ha
(12,852.0 acres) 2000
Camarines Norte
Camarines Sur
Bongsanglay
7006244720000000000♠244.72 ha
(604.7 acres) 2000 Masbate
Bulusan Volcano
7007367200000000000♠3,672.00 ha
(9,073.7 acres) 2000 Sorsogon
Kalbario-Patapat
7007380000000000000♠3,800.00 ha
(9,390.0 acres) 2007 Ilocos Norte
Lake Danao
7007219300000000000♠2,193.00 ha
(5,419.0 acres) 1998 Leyte
Mahagnao Volcano
7006635000000000000♠635.00 ha
(1,569.1 acres) 1998 Leyte
Mayon Volcano
7007577570000000000♠5,775.70 ha
(14,272.1 acres) 2000 Albay
Mount Apo
7008549748700000000♠54,974.87 ha
(135,845.9 acres) 1936
Davao del Sur
Cotabato
Mount Balatukan Range
7007842300000000000♠8,423.00 ha
(20,813.7 acres) 2007 Misamis Oriental
Mount Guiting-Guiting
7008152654800000000♠15,265.48 ha
(37,721.8 acres) 1996 Romblon
Mount Inayawan Range
7007363274000000000♠3,632.74 ha
(8,976.7 acres) 2007 Lanao del Norte
Mount Isarog
7008101123500000000♠10,112.35 ha
(24,988.2 acres) 2002 Camarines Sur
Mount Kalatungan Range
7008212477300000000♠21,247.73 ha
(52,504.3 acres) 2000 Bukidnon
Mount Kanlaon
7008243880000000000♠24,388.00 ha
(60,264.1 acres) 1997
Negros Occidental
Negros Oriental
Mount Kitanglad Range
7008312351900000000♠31,235.19 ha
(77,183.8 acres) 1996 Bukidnon
Mount Malindang
7008346940000000000♠34,694.00 ha
(85,730.7 acres) 2002 Misamis Occidental
Northern Negros
7008804545000000000♠80,454.50 ha
(198,807.4 acres) 2002 Negros Occidental
Northern Sierra Madre
7009359486000000000♠359,486.00 ha
(888,309.3 acres) 1997 Isabela
Northwest Panay Peninsula
7008120092900000000♠12,009.29 ha
(29,675.6 acres) 2002
Aklan
Antique
Pasonanca
7008121070000000000♠12,107.00 ha
(29,917.0 acres) 1999 Zamboanga del Sur
Samar Island
7009333300000000000♠333,300.00 ha
(823,602.2 acres) 2003 Eastern Visayas
Sibalom
7007551147000000000♠5,511.47 ha
(13,619.1 acres) 2000 Antique
Tubbataha Reef
7008970300000000000♠97,030.00 ha
(239,766.4 acres) 2010 Palawan
Natural Monuments[edit]
A natural monument is a relatively small area focused on protection of small features to protect or preserve nationally significant natural features on account of their special interest or unique characteristics.
Chocolate Hills Natural Monument
Name
Area
Established
Location
Bessang Pass
7006693320000000000♠693.32 ha
(1,713.2 acres) 2000 Ilocos Sur
Chocolate Hills
7008141450000000000♠14,145.00 ha
(34,953.1 acres) 1997 Bohol
Salinas
7007667556000000000♠6,675.56 ha
(16,495.7 acres) 2000 Nueva Vizcaya
Timpoong and Hibok-Hibok
7007222762000000000♠2,227.62 ha
(5,504.6 acres) 2004 Camiguin
Protected Landscape[edit]
Protected landscapes/seascapes are areas of national significance which are characterized by the harmonious interaction of man and land while providing opportunities for public enjoyment through recreation and tourism within the normal lifestyle and economic activity of these areas.
Taal Volcano Protected Landscape
Mount Matutum Protected Landscape
Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape
José Rizal Memorial Protected Landscape
Mount Mantalingajan Protected Landscape
Upper Marikina River Basin Protected Landscape
Mounts Palay-Palay–Mataas-na-Gulod Protected Landscape
Name
Area
Established
Location
Aliwagwag
7008104913300000000♠10,491.33 ha
(25,924.6 acres) 2011
Davao Oriental
Compostela Valley
Amro River
7007647108000000000♠6,471.08 ha
(15,990.4 acres) 2000 Aurora
Baganga
7006114880000000000♠114.88 ha
(283.9 acres) 2000 Davao Oriental
Bigbiga
7006135710000000000♠135.71 ha
(335.3 acres) 2000 Ilocos Sur
Buenavista
7006284270000000000♠284.27 ha
(702.4 acres) 2000 Quezon
Calbayog Pan-as–Hayiban
7007783200000000000♠7,832.00 ha
(19,353.3 acres) 1998 Samar
Casecnan
7008888468000000000♠88,846.80 ha
(219,545.2 acres) 2000
Cagayan Valley
Aurora
Central Cebu
7008290620000000000♠29,062.00 ha
(71,813.8 acres) 2003 Cebu
Dinadiawan River
7007337133000000000♠3,371.33 ha
(8,330.7 acres) 2000 Aurora
Hinulugang Taktak
7004320000000000000♠3.20 ha
(7.9 acres) 2000 Rizal
José Rizal Memorial
7006439000000000000♠439.00 ha
(1,084.8 acres) 2000 Zamboanga del Norte
Libunao
7005467000000000000♠46.70 ha
(115.4 acres) 2000 Ilocos Sur
Lidlidda
7007115744000000000♠1,157.44 ha
(2,860.1 acres) 2000 Ilocos Sur
Magapit
7007340362000000000♠3,403.62 ha
(8,410.5 acres) 2000 Cagayan
Mainit Hot Springs
7007137400000000000♠1,374.00 ha
(3,395.2 acres) 2000 Compostela Valley
Manleluag Spring
7007193517000000000♠1,935.17 ha
(4,781.9 acres) 2004 Pangasinan
Mati
7006914260000000000♠914.26 ha
(2,259.2 acres) 2005 Davao Oriental
Maulawin Spring
7006149010000000000♠149.01 ha
(368.2 acres) 2000 Quezon
Mimbilisan
7005660000000000000♠66.00 ha
(163.1 acres) 1999 Misamis Oriental
Mounts Banahaw–San Cristobal
7008109005900000000♠10,900.59 ha
(26,935.9 acres) 2009
Quezon
Laguna
Mount Mantalingajan
7009120457000000000♠120,457.00 ha
(297,655.7 acres) 2009 Palawan
Mount Matutum
7008156000000000000♠15,600.00 ha
(38,548.4 acres) 1995 South Cotabato
Mounts Palay-Palay–Mataas-na-Gulod
7007397313000000000♠3,973.13 ha
(9,817.8 acres) 2007
Cavite
Batangas
Mount Timolan
7007199480000000000♠1,994.80 ha
(4,929.3 acres) 2000 Zamboanga del Sur
Pamitinan
7006600000000000000♠600.00 ha
(1,482.6 acres) 1996 Rizal
Quezon
7006938000000000000♠938.00 ha
(2,317.8 acres) 2003 Quezon
Quirino
7009164364460000000♠164,364.46 ha
(406,153.4 acres) 2005 Quirino
Rajah Sikatuna
7008104526000000000♠10,452.60 ha
(25,828.9 acres) 2000 Bohol
Roosevelt
7006786040000000000♠786.04 ha
(1,942.3 acres) 2000 Bataan
Santa Lucia
7006174160000000000♠174.16 ha
(430.4 acres) 2000 Ilocos Sur
Simbahan-Talagas
7007226648999999999♠2,266.49 ha
(5,600.6 acres) 2000 Aurora
Taal Volcano
7008622921400000000♠62,292.14 ha
(153,927.2 acres) 1996 Batangas
Talaytay
7007352629000000000♠3,526.29 ha
(8,713.7 acres) 2000 Aurora
Upper Marikina River Basin
7008261256400000000♠26,125.64 ha
(64,557.9 acres) 2011 Rizal
Protected Landscape and Seascape[edit]
Apo Island Protected Landscape and Seascape
Batanes Protected Landscape and Seascape
Pujada Bay Protected Landscape and Seascape
Siargao Island Protected Landscape and Seascape
Name
Area
Established
Location
Agoo–Damortis
7008105133000000000♠10,513.30 ha
(25,978.9 acres) 2000 La Union
Alburquerque-Loay-Loboc
7007116416000000000♠1,164.16 ha
(2,876.7 acres) 1999 Bohol
Aliguay Island
7007119189000000000♠1,191.89 ha
(2,945.2 acres) 1999 Zamboanga del Norte
Apo Island
7006691450000000000♠691.45 ha
(1,708.6 acres) 1994 Negros Oriental
Baliangao
7006295000000000000♠295.00 ha
(729.0 acres) 2000 Misamis Occidental
Batanes
7009213578000000000♠213,578.00 ha
(527,762.7 acres) 1994 Batanes
Biri Larosa
7008334920000000000♠33,492.00 ha
(82,760.5 acres) 2000 Northern Samar
Cuatro Islas
7008125000000000000♠12,500.00 ha
(30,888.2 acres) 2000 Leyte
Dumanquilas Bay
7008259480000000000♠25,948.00 ha
(64,118.9 acres) 1999 Zamboanga del Sur
Great and Little Santa Cruz Islands
7007187700000000000♠1,877.00 ha
(4,638.2 acres) 2000 Zamboanga del Sur
Guiuan
7008604480000000000♠60,448.00 ha
(149,370.3 acres) 1994 Eastern Samar
Initao–Libertad
7007130078000000000♠1,300.78 ha
(3,214.3 acres) 2002 Misamis Oriental
Mabini
7007610600000000000♠6,106.00 ha
(15,088.3 acres) 2000 Compostela Valley
Malabungot
7006120620000000000♠120.62 ha
(298.1 acres) 2000 Camarines Sur
Malampaya Sound
7009200115000000000♠200,115.00 ha
(494,494.9 acres) 2000 Palawan
Murcielagos Island
7006151000000000000♠151.00 ha
(373.1 acres) 2000 Zamboanga del Norte
Peñablanca
7009118781580000000♠118,781.58 ha
(293,515.7 acres) 2003 Cagayan
Pujada Bay
7008212000000000000♠21,200.00 ha
(52,386.3 acres) 1994 Davao Oriental
Selinog Island
7007129435000000000♠1,294.35 ha
(3,198.4 acres) 2000 Zamboanga del Norte
Siargao Island
7009278914130000000♠278,914.13 ha
(689,211.8 acres) 1996 Surigao del Norte
Talibon Islands
7007645687000000000♠6,456.87 ha
(15,955.3 acres) 1999 Bohol
Protected Seascape[edit]
Sarangani Bay Protected Seascape
Name
Area
Established
Location
Panglao Island
7006385670000000000♠385.67 ha
(953.0 acres) 2003 Bohol
Sarangani Bay
7009215950000000000♠215,950.00 ha
(533,624.1 acres) 1996 Sarangani
Tañon Strait
7006450000000000000♠450.00 ha
(1,112.0 acres) 1998
Cebu
Negros Oriental
Game Refuge and Bird Sanctuaries[edit]
Strict nature reserve is an area possessing some outstanding ecosystem, features and/or species of flora and fauna of national scientific importance maintained to protect nature and maintain processes in an undisturbed state in order to have ecologically representative examples of the natural environment available for scientific study, environmental monitoring, education, and for the maintenance of genetic resources in a dynamic and evolutionary state.
Olango Island Bird Sanctuary
Name
Area
Established
Location
Calauit Safari Park
7007340000000000000♠3,400.00 ha
(8,401.6 acres) 1976 Palawan
Calavite and FB Harrison
7009121983810000000♠121,983.81 ha
(301,428.6 acres) 1920 Occidental Mindoro
Lake Buluan
7007630000000000000♠6,300.00 ha
(15,567.6 acres) 2006 Cotabato
Lake Malimanga
7005123500000000000♠12.35 ha
(30.5 acres) 1980 Zambales
Olango Island
7006920000000000000♠920.00 ha
(2,273.4 acres) 1992 Cebu
Palawan
7009761416000000000♠761,416.00 ha
(1,881,499.9 acres) 1967 Palawan
Resource Reserves[edit]
Resource reserve is an extensive and relatively isolated and uninhabited area normally with difficult access designated as such to protect natural resources of the area for future use and prevent or contain development activities that could affect the resource pending the establishment of objectives which are based upon appropriate knowledge and planning.
Name
Area
Established
Location
Siocon
7006793740000000000♠793.74 ha
(1,961.4 acres) 1999 Zamboanga del Norte
Upper Agno River Basin
7008775610000000000♠77,561.00 ha
(191,657.4 acres) 2000
Cordillera
Nueva Vizcaya
Managed Resource Protected Areas[edit]
El Nido Managed Resource Protected Area
Name
Area
Established
Location
El Nido Managed Resource Protected Area
7008891347600000000♠89,134.76 ha
(220,256.8 acres) 1998 Palawan
Marine Reserves[edit]
Name
Area
Established
Location
Masinloc and Oyon Bay
7007756800000000000♠7,568.00 ha
(18,700.9 acres) 1993 Zambales
Palaui Island
7007741548000000000♠7,415.48 ha
(18,324.1 acres) 1994 Cagayan
Sagay
7008320000000000000♠32,000.00 ha
(79,073.7 acres) 2001 Negros Occidental
Taklong Island
7007114345000000000♠1,143.45 ha
(2,825.5 acres) 1990 Guimaras
Watershed Forest Reserves[edit]
Angat Watershed Forest Reserve
Loboc Watershed Forest Reserve
Pantabangan–Carranglan Watershed Forest Reserve
Allah Valley Watershed Forest Reserve
Name
Area
Established
Location
Aklan River
7008231850000000000♠23,185.00 ha
(57,291.4 acres) 1990 Aklan
Alabat
7006688000000000000♠688.00 ha
(1,700.1 acres) 1987 Quezon
Alijawan-Cansuhay-Anibongan River
7007363000000000000♠3,630.00 ha
(8,969.9 acres) 1992 Bohol
Allah Valley
7008924500000000000♠92,450.00 ha
(228,448.9 acres) 1985 South Cotabato
Angat Watershed
7007660000000000000♠6,600.00 ha
(16,309.0 acres) 1968 Bulacan
Aurora
7006430000000000000♠430.00 ha
(1,062.6 acres) 1936 Aurora
Bawa
7007895500000000000♠8,955.00 ha
(22,128.3 acres) 1987 Cagayan
Binahaan River
7006465000000000000♠465.00 ha
(1,149.0 acres) 1991 Quezon
Calabgan
7007480300000000000♠4,803.00 ha
(11,868.5 acres) 1992 Aurora
Calatrava-San Andres-San Agustin
7007267000000000000♠2,670.00 ha
(6,597.7 acres) 1982 Romblon
Calauag
7006328000000000000♠328.00 ha
(810.5 acres) 1939 Quezon
Capalonga
7006752000000000000♠752.00 ha
(1,858.2 acres) 1966 Camarines Norte
Catanduanes
7008260100000000000♠26,010.00 ha
(64,272.1 acres) 1987 Catanduanes
Dahican
7005440000000000000♠44.00 ha
(108.7 acres) 1933 Camarines Norte
Dalanas River
7007855800000000000♠8,558.00 ha
(21,147.3 acres) 1990 Antique
Dibalo-Pingit-Zabali-Malayat
7007452800000000000♠4,528.00 ha
(11,188.9 acres) 1992 Aurora
Dipaculao
7007178600000000000♠1,786.00 ha
(4,413.3 acres) 1987 Aurora
Doña Remedios-General Tinio
7008207600000000000♠20,760.00 ha
(51,299.1 acres) 1988
Bulacan
Nueva Ecija
Dupax
7006424800000000000♠424.80 ha
(1,049.7 acres) 1934 Nueva Vizcaya
Ilocos Norte Metro
7007281500000000000♠2,815.00 ha
(6,956.0 acres) 1934 Ilocos Norte
Ilog-Hilabangan
7008102110000000000♠10,211.00 ha
(25,231.9 acres) 1990 Negros Occidental
Infanta
7006384000000000000♠384.00 ha
(948.9 acres) 1967 Quezon
Jalaur River
7007922800000000000♠9,228.00 ha
(22,802.9 acres) 1990 Iloilo
Kabankalan
7006432000000000000♠432.00 ha
(1,067.5 acres) 1991 Negros Occidental
Lake Lanao
7009180460000000000♠180,460.00 ha
(445,926.4 acres) 1992 Lanao del Sur
Libungan
7008528200000000000♠52,820.00 ha
(130,521.1 acres) 1990 Cotabato
Loboc River
7008194100000000000♠19,410.00 ha
(47,963.2 acres) 1953 Bohol
Lopez
7006418000000000000♠418.00 ha
(1,032.9 acres) 1940 Quezon
Lower Agno
7008393040000000000♠39,304.00 ha
(97,122.3 acres) 1983 Benguet
Maasin
7007615000000000000♠6,150.00 ha
(15,197.0 acres) 1923 Iloilo
Mahugunao
7006136000000000000♠136.00 ha
(336.1 acres) 1932 Misamis Oriental
Malagos
7006235000000000000♠235.00 ha
(580.7 acres) 1933 Davao del Sur
Marcos Highway
7007610500000000000♠6,105.00 ha
(15,085.8 acres) 1978 Benguet
Mariveles (Palanas)
7006325000000000000♠325.00 ha
(803.1 acres) 1919 Bataan
Mulanay
7005260000000000000♠26.00 ha
(64.2 acres) 1938 Quezon
Naguilian
7005900000000000000♠90.00 ha
(222.4 acres) 1936 La Union
Olongapo (Palanas)
7007633500000000000♠6,335.00 ha
(15,654.1 acres) 1987 Zambales
Palawan
7007477600000000000♠4,776.00 ha
(11,801.8 acres) 1982 Palawan
Palompon
7007239200000000000♠2,392.00 ha
(5,910.8 acres) 1988 Leyte
Panay River
7007435000000000000♠4,350.00 ha
(10,749.1 acres) 1990 Capiz
Pantabangan–Carranglan Watershed
7008845000000000000♠84,500.00 ha
(208,804.0 acres) 1969 Nueva Ecija
Polillo
7006130000000000000♠130.00 ha
(321.2 acres) 1966 Quezon
Santa
7005250000000000000♠25.00 ha
(61.8 acres) 1935 Ilocos Sur
South Upi
7007189420000000000♠1,894.20 ha
(4,680.7 acres) 1987 Maguindanao
Talavera
7008371560000000000♠37,156.00 ha
(91,814.5 acres) 1938
Nueva Ecija
Nueva Vizcaya
Tanap
7005410000000000000♠41.00 ha
(101.3 acres) 1971 Ilocos Norte
Tibiang-Damagandong
7006280000000000000♠280.00 ha
(691.9 acres) 1938 Quezon
Torrijos
7006105000000000000♠105.00 ha
(259.5 acres) 1932 Marinduque
Tumauini
7008176700000000000♠17,670.00 ha
(43,663.5 acres) 1994 Isabela
Wangag
7007699200000000000♠6,992.00 ha
(17,277.6 acres) 1987 Cagayan
Natural Biotic Areas[edit]
Natural biotic area is an area set aside to allow the way of life of societies living in harmony with the environment to adapt to modem technology at their pace.
Name
Area
Established
Location
Abasig-Matogdon-Mananap
7007542012000000000♠5,420.12 ha
(13,393.4 acres) 2000 Camarines Norte
Basilan
7007449700000000000♠4,497.00 ha
(11,112.3 acres) 2000 Basilan
Buug
7007109500000000000♠1,095.00 ha
(2,705.8 acres) 1998 Zamboanga del Sur
Lagonoy
7006444600000000000♠444.60 ha
(1,098.6 acres) 2000 Camarines Sur
Wildlife Sanctuaries[edit]
Wildlife sanctuary comprises an area which assures the natural conditions necessary to protect nationally significant species, groups of species, biotic communities or physical features of the environment where these may require specific human manipulation for the perpetuation.
Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary
World Heritage Site or part of a World Heritage Site
Name
Area
Established
Location
Agusan Marsh
7008148359900000000♠14,835.99 ha
(36,660.5 acres) 1996 Agusan del Sur
Chico Island
7004777000000000000♠7.77 ha
(19.2 acres) 2000 Masbate
Marinduque
7007882795999999999♠8,827.96 ha
(21,814.4 acres) 2004 Marinduque
Mount Calavite
7008180161900000000♠18,016.19 ha
(44,519.0 acres) 2000 Occidental Mindoro
Mount Hamiguitan Range
7007683400000000000♠6,834.00 ha
(16,887.2 acres) 2004 Davao Oriental
Naro Island
7006109980000000000♠109.98 ha
(271.8 acres) 2000 Masbate
Rasa Island
7007198300000000000♠1,983.00 ha
(4,900.1 acres) 2006 Palawan
Turtle Islands
7009242967000000000♠242,967.00 ha
(600,384.5 acres) 1999 Tawi-Tawi
Wilderness Areas[edit]
Name
Area
Established
Location
Alibijaban
7006430000000000000♠430.00 ha
(1,062.6 acres) 1981 Quezon
Awasan Bay Islands
1981 Surigao del Norte
Bantayan Island
1981 Cebu
Basot-Quinalang-Malabungot Islands
7006185380000000000♠185.38 ha
(458.1 acres) 1981 Camarines Sur
Caniago Strait Islands
7006210000000000000♠210.00 ha
(518.9 acres) 1981 Bohol
Cebu Strait Islands
7005340000000000000♠34.00 ha
(84.0 acres) 1981 Bohol
Dampalit Island
1981 Masbate
Guinauyan-Naro-Chico-Pobre Islands
7005232500000000000♠23.25 ha
(57.5 acres) 1981 Masbate
Isabela
Monte Alto Timber Resource Corp.
7007198500000000000♠1,985.00 ha
(4,905.0 acres) 1987 Isabela
Majaba-Napayuan Islands
7005180000000000000♠18.00 ha
(44.5 acres) 1981 Masbate
Panag Bay Islands
1981 Surigao del Norte
Rasa Island
1981 Surigao del Norte
See also[edit]
List of World Heritage Sites in the Philippines
List of Ramsar sites in the Philippines
Biosphere reserves of the Philippines
Environmental issues in the Philippines
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Guidebook to Protected Areas of the Philippines" (PDF). Department of Environment and Natural Resources Biodiversity Management Bureau. 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Establishing and Managing Protected Areas". DENR-Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau. Archived from the original on 17 April 2012. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Act No. 648". PhilippineLaw.info. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Executive orders and proclamations issued by the governor-general. (1904)". University of Michigan Library. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Act No. 1148". Chan Robles. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Mount Makiling marks centennial". BusinessMirror. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Act No. 3915 - National Parks Act of 1932". Chan Robles. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
External links[edit]
Media related to National parks of the Philippines at Wikimedia Commons
National Integrated Protected Areas System Act of 1992 (archived)
Protected areas (240) in the Philippines from Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau
Mount Kalatungan Range Natural Park Official Site (archived)
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Ellen Harvelle
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Ellen Harvelle
Supernatural character
Samantha Ferris as Ellen Harvelle
First appearance
"Everybody Loves a Clown"
Last appearance
"My Heart Will Go On"
Portrayed by
Samantha Ferris
Information
Occupation
Proprietor
Hunter
Spouse(s)
William Anthony Harvelle (husband, deceased)
Children
Jo Harvelle (daughter, deceased)
Ellen Harvelle is a fictional character on The CW Television Network's Supernatural portrayed by Samantha Ferris. Introduced in the second season in order to explore a mother-daughter relationship in the hunting world, the "gun-toting, beer-slinging" Ellen brought a "maternal energy" to the male-dominated series. The mother of Jo Harvelle and the proprietor of Harvelle's Roadhouse—a bar frequented by hunters of supernatural creatures—Ellen provides advice and assistance to Sam and Dean Winchester throughout the second season. Although the character's appearances in the third season were dropped due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike and failed negotiations, she returns in the fifth and sixth seasons. Critical reception to the character has been positive, with many critics happy to see her return.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Characterization
3 Development
4 Reception
5 References
5.1 Bibliography
5.2 Footnotes
Plot[edit]
An old friend of John Winchester, Ellen Harvelle is the wife of hunter William Anthony Harvelle and the mother of Jo Harvelle. She runs Harvelle's Roadhouse, a saloon and pub frequented by hunters of supernatural creatures. When Sam and Dean Winchester arrive there in the second season episode "Everybody Loves a Clown", a wary Ellen holds them at gunpoint until she learns that they are John's sons.[1] She gives them information regarding a dangerous hunter named Gordon Walker in "Bloodlust",[2] while Sam and Dean later explain to her in "Simon Said" about the demon Azazel's planned war against humanity.[3] Her relationship with the brothers is strained in the episode "No Exit", where she reveals that she believes her husband's death was the result of a mistake made by John Winchester while they were working together on a hunt.[4] However, she admits to Sam in "Hunted" that her husband's death was not John's fault and that she had forgiven him a long time ago. She also does not blame the brothers for Jo's decision to go off hunting by herself.[5]
The Roadhouse is destroyed by demons in "All Hell Breaks Loose, Part One", and her whereabouts are unknown throughout the episode.[6] It is revealed in "Part Two" that she had left the Roadhouse to run a few errands. She, the Winchesters, and fellow hunter Bobby Singer track Azazel's activities to a cemetery surrounded by a giant devil's trap made of railroad tracks. Unable to step inside the giant symbol without becoming trapped and powerless, Azazel forces the human Jake Talley to do his bidding. The hunters are unable to stop Jake from opening a gateway to Hell in a mausoleum there, and the devil's trap is broken as hundreds of demons are released into the world. As the brothers then kill Azazel, Ellen and Bobby close the gateway.[7]
In the fifth season episode "Good God, Y'all!", Ellen reappears with Jo to help fellow hunter Rufus kill demons that have laid siege to a small town. By the time the Winchesters arrive, it appears that Jo, Rufus, and some other townspeople have become demonically possessed. However, Ellen and Dean eventually realize that War, one of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, is making the townspeople see each other as demons. Sam and Dean break War's spell just as Ellen is about to be killed by one of the town's residents.[8] In "Abandon All Hope...", Ellen and Jo once again team up with the brothers to find Lucifer and kill him. Upon their arrival in a seemingly abandoned small town, however, they are attacked by the demon Meg and a pack of hellhounds. Jo is severely mauled, forcing them to barricade themselves inside a hardware store. Knowing that her wounds are fatal and that Lucifer must be stopped, Jo convinces them to build a bomb and to use her as bait for a trap. Ellen stays behind and opens the front doors while the Winchesters escape onto the roof. After Jo dies in her arms, Ellen blows up the building, killing the hellhounds and herself in the process.[9]
When the angel Balthazar changes history in the sixth season episode "My Heart Will Go On" so that the Titanic never sank, Ellen is restored to life and is married to Bobby. However, the original timeline is eventually restored.[10]
Characterization[edit]
“ Everyone always loved her because they thought she was this kick-ass broad, but to see Ellen go out with pride, dignity, and emotion was necessary. ”
— Ferris on her character's emotional side.[11]
Series creator Eric Kripke felt that Ellen brought a "maternal energy" to the series, and described the character as "a lioness, which is tough and badass and 'You touch my children, I will kill you.'"[12] Likewise, actress Samantha Ferris described her as a "gun-toting, beer-slinging, bar-owning broad" with a "very maternal core".[13] Ferris also feels that, despite Ellen having gone through a lot in her life, she is cautious rather than jaded, and is "very protective of the things she has in her life", especially her daughter Jo and the Winchesters.[13] Thus, her main concern is Jo's safety, which prompts her to forbid her daughter from going on hunts. When she realizes that she can no longer stop Jo from doing what she wants, Ellen becomes her hunting partner, deciding it is the best way to look after her.[8] By the time of Ellen's final appearance, actress Alona Tal came to view their characters more as equals rather than mother and daughter.[14]
Development[edit]
Due to the father-son dynamics of the hunting world depicted in the series' first season with the Winchesters, the writers decided to explore a mother-daughter relationship, resulting in the introduction of Ellen and her daughter Jo.[12] The name originated from the writers' decision to base her on the "tough yet emotionally-vulnerable" characters portrayed by actress Ellen Barkin.[15] Ellen was meant to have a "true and honest platonic friendship" with John Winchester, and her backstory of her husband having been killed due to John's mistake was added to the storyline to explain why John never mentioned the Roadhouse to his sons.[15] Ferris auditioned for the role, and feels that she was exactly what they had been looking for. She commented, "I have a certain kind of personality that works specifically with a role, and Ellen is just me on television. They were looking for a tough, strong, yet a little maternal actor, and I struck a chord."[13] Series creator Eric Kripke agrees, feeling that Ferris "really brought the character to life", being "nuanced and complex and tough, yet beautiful and feminine".[12]
The writers intended for the character to make only two guest appearances in the third season, which left Ferris "a bit surprised and [disappointed]" at Ellen's lack of involvement.[16] However, her initial return was scrapped due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike,[17] and the actress declined a guest appearance in the finale because the lackluster offer "could cost [her] money and work".[18][19] The opportunity to return for the fifth season surprised her due to the large time span since her previous appearance. Though she expected her character to eventually die, a devastated Ferris was surprised at how quickly it occurred. However, after speaking to director Phil Sgriccia—he told her that Ellen was the "perfect fodder" for the "kick" that the series needed, and would "go out in a blaze of glory"—the actress came to realize that the character's death made sense.[11] Ellen's last words to Dean—"Kick it in the ass."—was an improvised homage to the late Supernatural executive producer and director Kim Manners, who had died the year before and would often recite the phrase before filming a scene.[11][20]
Wanting to "have a surprise in [the new reality]" of the sixth season episode "My Heart Will Go On", the writers considered bringing back various deceased characters. Executive Producer Robert Singer explained that they ultimately decided upon Ellen because "she's a fan favorite" and "in a perfect world, she probably would be a good mate for Bobby".[21]
Reception[edit]
Critical reception to Ellen has been positive. In their initial appearance, Bryan Enk of UGO felt that the new hunters of the Roadhouse had potential to be the Supernatural equivalent of Buffy the Vampire Slayers's Scooby Gang, comparing Ellen to Buffy's Giles, as she is "the elder who can help guide the boys from a home base and serve as an emotional link to their father, a parental figure without all the melodramatic baggage of the actual father from the first season".[22] Maureen Ryan of Chicago Tribune was "annoyed" at the destruction of the Roadhouse in the second season finale, as she "really loved Ellen".[23] Diana Steenbergen of IGN also favored Ellen from the beginning,[24] believing her to be "a great addition to the show".[25] She deemed Ellen "tough and direct, and also female, something the boys don't have a lot of in their lives right now".[24]
Steenbergen was happy to see the character return in the fifth season, noting that the show has been missing "smart, tough women who are not evil in general".[26] Tina Charles of TV Guide also welcomed the character back, and enjoyed how Ellen's initial reaction to Dean Winchester in "Good God, Y'all!"—hugging and then slapping him—was "very much in character".[27] Regarding the character's death, Charles noted that "when [Ellen] went down in 'Abandon All Hope' like [she] did, I felt it. [Her death] meant something".[28] Though also happy to see Ellen reappear in the fifth season, Ryan was disappointed at the lack of screentime the character received in "Good God, Y'All!".[29] Commenting on the character's farewells in the fifth season, Ryan noted that Ferris "brought [her] A-game to 'Abandon All Hope…'". She added that "[Ferris fits] perfectly into the 'Supernatural' world because [she understands] that on this show, restraint is everything. It's not necessarily just about what the characters say or do, it's about what they don't say—what they can't find the words for".[30]
Having missed Ellen's "maternal influence", Charles was happy to see her return in the sixth season episode "My Heart Will Go On",[31] while Ryan called Ellen's scenes with Bobby in the episode "probably the strongest part of the show".[32] Ellen's reappearance gladdened Steenbergen, who called the character a "force to be reckoned with on the show" and added that "she is still missed".[33]
In a poll conducted by SFX for the Top 200 Sexiest Characters In Sci-Fi, Ellen was voted the 77th sexiest female character in fantasy and science fiction film and television.[34]
References[edit]
Bibliography[edit]
Knight, Nicholas (2008). Supernatural: The Official Companion Season 2. Titan Books. ISBN 1-84576-657-1.
Footnotes[edit]
Jump up ^ Writer: John Shiban, Director: Phil Sgriccia (October 5, 2006). "Everybody Loves a Clown". Supernatural. Season 2. Episode 2. CW.
Jump up ^ Writer: Sera Gamble, Director: Robert Singer (October 12, 2006). "Bloodlust". Supernatural. Season 2. Episode 3. CW.
Jump up ^ Writer: Ben Edlund, Director: Tim Lacofano (October 26, 2006). "Simon Said". Supernatural. Season 2. Episode 5. CW.
Jump up ^ Writer: Matt Witten, Director: Kim Manners (November 2, 2006). "No Exit". Supernatural. Season 2. Episode 6. The CW.
Jump up ^ Writer: Raelle Tucker, Director: Rachel Talalay (January 11, 2007). "Hunted". Supernatural. Season 2. Episode 10. The CW.
Jump up ^ Writer: Sera Gamble, Director: Robert Singer (May 10, 2007). "All Hell Break Loose, Part One". Supernatural. Season 2. Episode 21. The CW.
Jump up ^ Writer: Eric Kripke, Director: Kim Manners (May 17, 2007). "All Hell Break Loose, Part Two". Supernatural. Season 2. Episode 22. The CW.
^ Jump up to: a b "Good God, Y'All!". Supernatural. Season 5. Episode 2. September 17, 2009. CW.
Jump up ^ "Abandon All Hope...". Supernatural. Season 5. Episode 10. November 19, 2009. CW.
Jump up ^ "My Heart Will Go On". Supernatural. Season 6. Episode 17. April 15, 2011. CW.
^ Jump up to: a b c Cairns, Bryan (May 2010). "A Hero's End". Supernatural Magazine (16). Titan Magazines. pp. 24–27
^ Jump up to: a b c Knight, Nicholas, (Season 2 Companion), p.15
^ Jump up to: a b c Knight, Nicholas, (Season 2 Companion), p.134
Jump up ^ Cairns, Bryan (May 2010). "Hey Jo!". Supernatural Magazine (16). Titan Magazines. pp. 28–29
^ Jump up to: a b Knight, Nicholas, (Season 2 Companion), p.14
Jump up ^ Samantha Ferris (February 25, 2008). "Ellen maybe forgotten...but not gone! yet....". SamanthaFerris.net. Archived from the original on February 29, 2008. Retrieved January 11, 2010.
Jump up ^ Tina Charles (February 7, 2008). "Supernatural Burning Questions Answered!". TV Guide. Retrieved January 11, 2010.
Jump up ^ Don Williams (March 3, 2008). "'Supernatural' Writer Discusses Remainder of Season 3". BuddyTV. Retrieved January 4, 2010.
Jump up ^ Samantha Ferris (March 5, 2008). "Bad News on the Horizon......". SamanthaFerris.net. Archived from the original on April 17, 2008. Retrieved September 22, 2009.
Jump up ^ "'Supernatural,' 'X-Files' Director-Producer Kim Manners Dies". Zap2it. 2009-01-27. Archived from the original on 2009-01-30. Retrieved 2009-02-28.
Jump up ^ "'Supernatural': How John Winchester almost returned in tonight's episode". Entertainment Weekly's EW.com.
Jump up ^ Bryan Enk. "Supernatural Episode 2.2: "Everybody Loves a Clown"". UGO. Archived from the original on June 16, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2009.
Jump up ^ Maureen Ryan (August 19, 2009). "Thoughts on 'Supernatural' and what you need to know before Season 5 begins". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved October 22, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Diana Steenbergen (June 4, 2009). "Supernatural Flashback: "Everybody Loves a Clown" Review". IGN. Retrieved October 10, 2009.
Jump up ^ Diana Steenbergen (June 18, 2009). "Supernatural Flashback: "Simon Said" Review". IGN. Retrieved October 10, 2009.
Jump up ^ Diana Steenbergen (September 18, 2009). "Supernatural: "Good God, Y'all!" Review". IGN. Retrieved October 10, 2009.
Jump up ^ Tina Charles (September 18, 2009). "Supernatural Episode Recap: "Good God, Y'all!"". TV Guide. Archived from the original on September 26, 2009. Retrieved October 22, 2009.
Jump up ^ Tina Charles (November 20, 2009). "Supernatural Episode Recap: "Abandon All Hope"". TV Guide. Archived from the original on January 23, 2010. Retrieved January 11, 2010.
Jump up ^ Maureen Ryan (September 18, 2009). "Last night's 'Supernatural': For the Winchesters, it's war". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved October 22, 2009.
Jump up ^ Maureen Ryan (November 20, 2009). "The family business: Let's talk about 'Supernatural's' 'Abandon All Hope...'". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved December 19, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Watch Supernatural Season 6 Episode 17: My Heart Will Go On - TVGuide.com". TVGuide.com.
Jump up ^ "WHAT TO WATCH".
Jump up ^ Diana Steenbergen (16 April 2011). "Supernatural: "My Heart Will Go On" Review". IGN.
Jump up ^ "Top 200 Sexiest Characters In Sci-Fi". SFX. March 27, 2012. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
[hide]
v
t
e
Supernatural
Episodes
Season 1
"Pilot"
"Devil's Trap"
Season 2
"What Is and What Should Never Be"
"All Hell Breaks Loose"
Season 3
"Fresh Blood"
"A Very Supernatural Christmas"
"Dream a Little Dream of Me"
"No Rest for the Wicked"
Season 4
"Lazarus Rising"
Season 5
"Sympathy for the Devil"
"Good God, Y'All!"
"Swan Song"
Season 6
"Exile on Main St."
Season 7
"Meet the New Boss"
"Hello, Cruel World"
Season 8
"Sacrifice"
Season 9
Season 10
"Black"
"Reichenbach"
"Soul Survivor"
"Brother's Keeper"
Season 11
"Out of the Darkness, Into the Fire"
"Form and Void"
"The Bad Seed"
"Baby"
"Thin Lizzie"
"Our Little World"
"O Brother Where Art Thou?"
"The Devil in the Details"
"Beyond the Mat"
"Safe House"
"Hell's Angel"
"Don't Call Me Shurley"
"All in the Family"
"We Happy Few"
"Alpha and Omega"
Season 12
"Keep Calm and Carry On"
"Mamma Mia"
"The Foundry"
"American Nightmare"
"The One You've Been Waiting For"
"Celebrating the Life of Asa Fox"
"Rock Never Dies"
"LOTUS"
"First Blood"
"Lily Sunder Has Some Regrets"
Season 13
Characters
Main
Sam Winchester
Dean Winchester
Ruby
Bela Talbot
Castiel
Crowley
Lucifer
Supporting
John Winchester
Bobby Singer
Jo Harvelle
Ellen Harvelle
Anna Milton
Antagonists
Azazel
Meg Masters
Lilith
Uriel
Alastair
Zachariah
Other
Awards and nominations
Supernatural Wiki
Supernatural: Bloodlines
Carry On Wayward Son
Wikipedia books: Supernatural
Seasons
Season 1
Season 2
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ellen_Harvelle&oldid=778772881"
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