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Baby (Justin Bieber song)
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"Baby"
Single by Justin Bieber featuring Ludacris
from the album My World 2.0
Released
January 18, 2010
Format
CD single
digital download
7" single
12" single
Recorded
2009, Triangle Sound Studios
The Ludaplex
(Atlanta, Georgia)
Length
3:36
Label
Island
RBMG
Songwriter(s)
Justin Bieber
Christopher "Tricky" Stewart
Terius "The-Dream" Nash
Christopher Bridges
Christina Milian
Producer(s)
Tricky Stewart
The-Dream
Justin Bieber singles chronology
"One Less Lonely Girl"
(2009) "Baby"
(2010) "Eenie Meenie"
(2010)
"One Less Lonely Girl"
(2009) "Baby"
(2010) "Eenie Meenie"
(2010)
Ludacris singles chronology
"How Low"
(2010) How Low2010 "Baby"
(2010) Baby2010 "All I Do Is Win"
(2010) All I Do Is Win2010
Music video
"Baby" on YouTube
"Baby" is a song by Canadian recording artist Justin Bieber. It was released as the lead single from the latter half of Bieber's debut album, My World 2.0. The track was written by Bieber with Christopher "Tricky" Stewart and Terius "The-Dream" Nash, both of whom worked with Bieber on "One Time", and also by R&B singer Christina Milian and labelmate, rapper Ludacris.
It was available for digital download on January 18, 2010. The song received airplay directly after release, officially impacting mainstream and rhythmic radio on January 26, 2010. The song is uptempo R&B, blending together dance-pop and hip-hop elements, while using influences of doo-wop music. The song has received positive reviews from critics who complimented the song's effective lyrics and chorus, and commended Ludacris' part and the song's ability to have an urban twist.
The song was a commercial success, peaking at number one in France and Scotland, and charting in the top ten of the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States, Australia, Norway, Japan, Ireland, Hungary, Belgium (Flanders), Slovakia and New Zealand. The accompanying music video takes place in a mall/bowling-alley setting. The video features several cameos such as Drake, Lil Twist and Tinashe, in which Bieber chases after a girl. As of May 2013, the song has sold 3.9 million digital downloads in the United States.[1]
The official music video is the 24th most-viewed video all-time on YouTube, and is also, as of 2017, the YouTube video with the most dislikes.[2] It had been the most-viewed from July 12, 2010, when it surpassed the music video for "Bad Romance" by Lady Gaga, until November 24, 2012, when it was surpassed by the music video for "Gangnam Style" by Psy. Bieber performed the song several times, including Saturday Night Live, and the ninth season of American Idol. Bieber also performed an acoustic rendition of the remix version with Drake at the 2010 Juno Awards. The official remix in the United Kingdom features British hip-hop artist Chipmunk.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background and writing
2 Style and composition
3 Critical reception
4 Chart performance
5 Music video
6 Live performances
7 Cover versions
8 Parody versions
9 Track listing
10 Charts and certifications
10.1 Weekly charts
10.2 Certifications
10.3 Year-end charts
10.4 Chart precession and succession
11 Release history
12 See also
13 References
14 External links
Background and writing
"Baby" was written by Bieber with Christopher "Tricky" Stewart and Terius "The-Dream" Nash, both of whom worked with Bieber on "One Time", R&B singer and The-Dream's then wife Christina Milian and labelmate, Ludacris.[3] When asked how the collaboration initially came about, Bieber said, "[Ludacris and I] both live in Atlanta. I met him a year prior to this and we figured it was a perfect collaboration for him, so we invited him out to do it." Bieber first premiered the song performing on MuchMusic on December 28, 2009.[4] A few days before the release of the single, Bieber posted an acoustic version of the song to his YouTube with his guitarist Dan Kanterr, similar to the way he did with "Favorite Girl". Billboard said that: "Bieber delivers his characteristically clean vocals with conviction: "My first love broke my heart for the first time / and I'm like, 'baby, baby, baby, no!' I thought you'd always be mine."[5] Also in a review of the acoustic version Bill Lamb of About.com said that "I think the vocals here will convince some that Justin Bieber really does have the vocal chops."[6]
Style and composition
"Baby"
A sample of "Baby" featuring Bieber singing the chorus and repetitive hook
Problems playing this file? See media help.
The song is predominantly upbeat, featuring Bieber's R&B vocals over a backdrop containing a dance infused beat, full of keyboard and "disco string" synths.[7] The song is composed in the key of E♭ major with Bieber's vocal range spanning from the low-note of G3 to the high-note of C5.[8][9] According to Jody Rosen of Rolling Stone, the song "blends winks at Fifties doo-wop with hip-hop chants", comparing the style and the lyrics "My first love broke my heart for the first time/And I was like/Baby, baby, baby, ooooh/I thought you'd always be mine" to fifties ballads like "Tears on My Pillow", "Why Do Fools Fall in Love" and "Earth Angel".[9] Lyrically, Bieber's lines explain his distress over his lost love, and promise to get it back, featured in lines like, "And I wanna play it cool/But I'm losin' you…/I'm in pieces/So come and fix me…".[7] The chorus features the distinct and repetitive "baby, baby, baby, ohhhh (nooooo)" hook. After the second verse, Ludacris comes in with the verse-rap, an anecdote of young love when he was thirteen, as it runs "When I was 13/I had my first love/She had me going crazy/Oh, I was star-struck/She woke me up daily/Don't need no Starbucks…".[10]
A famous section of the song plays "Baby, Baby baby oh. Like baby, baby baby oh". It is the catchphrase of the song that identifies the song.
Critical reception
Nick Levine of Digital Spy felt the song was "no great departure from what he's given us before", but felt the production of Tricky and The-Dream helped give the song a "simple", "big" chorus about "puppy love" that works.[11] Melanie Bertoldi of Billboard said, "The midtempo number's undeniably contagious chorus should keep Bieber's tween fan base satisfied, and Ludacris' brief cameo adds a welcome urban twist."[12] Bertoli went on to say, "The matchup adds a layer of maturity to Bieber's repertoire and should further solidify his growing presence on the charts."[12] Rap-Up magazine said that "the sweet pop fare gets a little street cred courtesy of the teen sensation's labelmate Ludacris."[13] Jody Rosen of Rolling Stone appreciated the song's vintage doo-wop and fifties aesthetic and hip-hop chants, and said the song included "one of the catchiest choruses concocted by the-Dream and Tricky Stewart, the duo behind "Umbrella" and "Single Ladies."[9] Luke O'Neill of Boston Globe had mixed thoughts about the song calling Ludacris' cameo "goofy", and said, the song "effects a musical anachronism, albeit a catchy one, but in this sped-up recycling moment all styles all at once are grist for the mill."[14]
Chart performance
In the United States, "Baby" debuted at number five on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming Bieber's highest charting single in the US. Bieber then went on to surpass this chart position when "Boyfriend" debuted at number two in April 2012.[15] The song was also Ludacris's biggest song to date, solo or featuring, since 2007's "Glamorous". "Baby" was beaten out as the week's highest debut by Taylor Swift's "Today Was a Fairytale", which debuted at number two. The debuting of the pair of songs was just the third time in history that the Hot 100 had two new top-five debuts. The instance had last happened in 2003 when American Idol's Ruben Studdard and Clay Aiken's debut singles charted at number one and two.[15] During its first week of radio impact, the song had over 1400 spins, and was the top gainer for mainstream and rhythmic radio formats.[16] The song debuted at thirty-three on the Pop Songs chart on the week labeled February 13, 2010. The song missed out becoming the greatest gainer by one spot, which was Kesha's "Blah Blah Blah".[17] However the following week, the song did collect greatest gainer recognition, jumping to twenty-five on the chart, and has since peaked at sixteen.[17][18] On August 2, 2010, the song was certified double-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipments of 2,000,000 units.[19] As of May 2013, the song has sold 3.9 million digital downloads in the United States. With the inclusion of streaming in the RIAA certifications in 2013, the song became the highest certificated single of all time with 12XPlatinum (passing "Candle in the Wind 1997" by Elton John with 11XPlatinum).[1]
"Baby" debuted and peaked on the Canadian Hot 100 at number three, becoming his highest charting single at the time.[15] On the issue dated February 8, 2010, the song debuted in Australia on the official ARIA Singles Chart at number thirty-seven.[20] After twelve weeks of ascending and descending the charts the single reached a peak of three.[20] "Baby" has since been certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) for shipments of 70,000 units.[21] In New Zealand, the song entered the chart at nineteen. After weeks of ascending and descending the charts, "Baby" reached a peak of four.[22] The song dropped to the number five position the following week and after weeks of fluctuating around the chart it attained the number four position once again.[22] It has since been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (RIANZ).[23] The song peaked at number three on the UK Singles Chart on the issue date March 14, 2010.[24] The following week, "Baby" fell to number four, but climbed back to its previous peak position of three on the issue date March 28, 2010.[24] In the process of climbing the charts, "Baby" gained a new peak of two on the R&B Singles Chart.[25] As of June 2012, Baby has sold 442,432 copies in the United Kingdom.[26]
Music video
Filming for the music video began during the week of January 25, 2010, in Los Angeles.[27] It was filmed at Universal CityWalk by director Ray Kay, who had previously directed videos for Beyoncé Knowles, Lady Gaga, Alexandra Burke, and Cheryl Cole, among others.[28] Ludacris said that the video "is like a 2010 version of Michael Jackson's "The Way You Make Me Feel"." Bieber said that the video "will capture the song's message of trying to woo back a girl."[29] In explaining the concept of the video, Bieber said, "It starts off, I really like this girl, but we didn't [get] along; we couldn't be together. Basically I want her back and [I'm] kind of going through the whole thing. I'm chasing her around, trying to get her, and she's kind of playing hard to get, but I'm persistent. I keep going."[29] The video premiered exclusively on Vevo on Friday, February 19, 2010.[30] Singer and actress Jasmine Villegas portrays Bieber's love interest in the video. Bieber's friends,[31][32][33] Young Money artists Drake and Lil Twist also appeared in the video, along with Tinashe and jerkin' crew The Rangers.[29]
The video takes place in a mall-like setting with a bowling alley and more. After the video was released, MTV commented on the video being the new version of "The Way You Make Me Feel" saying, "..and the choreography does use a few of Jackson's less-suggestive moves."[34] The MTV review goes on saying, "most of the video takes place in the bowling alley, there are also scenes of Bieber in other settings, hanging out with Luda, doing the moonwalk, messing with his hair and mugging for the camera. Regardless of his lady's apparent frustration with him, Bieber eventually wins her over. The video concludes with the pair walking off into the night holding hands."[34]
Billboard reviewed the video, saying, "Those new dance moves he's showing off can only mean one thing: all over the world, tweens' hearts are melting right now."[35] In July 2010, the video became the most viewed video in YouTube history until it was surpassed by Psy's hit single, "Gangnam Style", in November 2012.[36] On March 5, 2014, "Baby" became the second video, after "Gangnam Style", to receive 1 billion views on YouTube, and is the 24th most viewed video on the site, with over 1.8 billion views as of April 2018. Despite this, the video has more dislikes than it has likes. Although the song has received over 8.7 million likes, the song has received over 8.9 million dislikes.[37]
Live performances
Bieber premiered an acoustic version of the song on MuchMusic.[4] He sang the song on VH1's Pepsi Super Bowl Fan Jam, along with other performers Rihanna, JoJo and Timbaland, and on CBS' The Early Show as a part of their Super Bowl programming.[38] He performed the song the first time with Ludacris on BET's SOS: Saving Ourselves – Help for Haiti Telethon, on February 6, 2009, which also aired on VH1, and MTV.[39] During the chorus, he changed the lyrics to "Baby, baby, Haiti", to show support for the cause, and the reason everyone came together for the show.[34] In the week of his album release, he performed the song on The View and 106 & Park. Bieber also performed the song at the 2010 Kids Choice Awards on March 27. Bieber performed the song along with "U Smile" on the eighteenth episode of season thirty five of Saturday Night Live.[40] Bieber performed an acoustic rendition of the song along with a freestyle by good friend Drake at the 2010 Juno Awards.[41] In April 2010, Bieber noted that due to his voice changing, he could no longer hit all the notes in "Baby", and for live performances, the key is lowered.[42] Bieber performed the song live in Sydney, Australia on April 26, 2010, in the Sunrise studios after his public performance was cancelled.[43] Bieber also performed the song on May 11, 2010, on The Oprah Winfrey Show. Bieber performed the song on June 4, 2010, on the Today Show along with "Never Say Never", "Somebody to Love", and "One Time".[44] He performed the song with "Somebody to Love" at the 2010 MuchMusic Video Awards.[45]
Cover versions
Jazz pianist Jacky Terrasson covered "Baby" with his trio on his 2012 album Gouache.[46]
Parody versions
Yes We Canberra released a parody version satirising then Opposition leader Tony Abbott during the lead-up to the Australian federal election, 2010.[47]
Track listing
US digital download[48]
No.
Title
Length
1. "Baby" (featuring Ludacris) 3:34
Australia digital download[49]
No.
Title
Length
1. "Baby" (featuring Ludacris) 3:36
2. "Baby" (music video) 3:39
[show]UK Chipmunk Remix[50]
No.
Title
Length
1. "Baby" (Chipmunk Remix) (featuring Chipmunk) 3:41
Charts and certifications
Weekly charts
Chart (2010-11)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[20] 3
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[51] 27
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[52] 12
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[53] 13
Brazil Airplay (Crowley Broadcast Analysis)[54] 4
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[55] 3
Czech Republic (Rádio Top 100)[56] 20
Denmark (Tracklisten)[57] 13
Europe (European Hot 100 Singles)[58] 2
France (SNEP)[59] 1
Germany (Official German Charts)[60] 22
Hungary (Single Top 40)[61] 9
Ireland (IRMA)[62] 7
Israel (Media Forest)[63] 5
Japan (Japan Hot 100)[64] 2
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[65] 23
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[22] 4
Norway (VG-lista)[66] 3
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[67] 1
Slovakia (Rádio Top 100)[68] 10
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[69] 34
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[70] 25
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[71] 25
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[72] 3
UK R&B (Official Charts Company)[25] 2
US Billboard Hot 100[73] 5
US Dance/Mix Show Airplay (Billboard)[74] 24
US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)[75] 96
US Latin Pop Songs (Billboard)[76] 31
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[17] 16
US Rhythmic (Billboard)[77] 11
Certifications
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[78]
4× Platinum 280,000^
Belgium (BEA)[79]
Gold 15,000*
Denmark (IFPI Denmark)[80]
Gold 15,000^
Japan (RIAJ)[81]
Gold 100,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)[82]
Platinum 0*
Norway (IFPI Norway)[83]
3× Platinum 30,000*
United Kingdom (BPI)[84]
Platinum 600,000
United States (RIAA)[85]
12× Platinum 3,900,000 [1]
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
Since May 2013 RIAA certifications for digital singles include on-demand audio and/or video song streams in addition to downloads.[86]
Year-end charts
Chart (2010)
Position
France (SNEP)[87]
4
US Billboard Hot 100[88]
44
Chart precession and succession
Preceded by
"Alors on danse" by Stromae French Physical Singles Chart number-one single
May 16, 2010
May 30, 2010 Succeeded by
"Alors on danse" by Stromae
"Allez Ola Olé" by Jessy Matador
Release history
Region
Date
Format
United States January 18, 2010[89] Digital download
January 26, 2010[90] Mainstream radio
Australia January 29, 2010[91] Digital download
Germany February 22, 2010[92]
March 5, 2010[93] CD single
France February 22, 2010[94]
United Kingdom March 7, 2010[95] Digital download
See also
Justin Bieber portal
List of most-viewed YouTube videos
References
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Jump up ^ "Ultratop − Goud en Platina – 2012". Ultratop. Hung Medien.
Jump up ^ "Justin Bieber "Baby" (UMG)" (in Danish). IFPI Denmark. Retrieved 2013-05-09.
Jump up ^ レコード協会調べ　2月度有料音楽配信認定 ＜略称：2月度認定＞. RIAJ (in Japanese). February 20, 2011. Retrieved February 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ "New Zealand single certifications – Justin Bieber feat. Ludacris – Baby". Recorded Music NZ.
Jump up ^ "Norwegian single certifications – Justin Bieber – Baby". IFPI Norway. User must enter "Justin Bieber" in the search bar and click "Søk".
Jump up ^ "British single certifications – Justin Bieber feat. Ludacris – Baby". British Phonographic Industry. Enter Baby in the search field and then press Enter.
Jump up ^ "American single certifications – Justin Bieber feat. Ludacris – Baby". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
Jump up ^ "RIAA Adds Digital Streams To Historic Gold & Platinum Awards". Recording Industry Association of America. May 9, 2013. Archived from the original on October 19, 2014. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Classement Singles - année 2010". SNEP. Archived from the original on January 11, 2014. Retrieved February 7, 2013.
Jump up ^ http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2010/hot-100-songs?begin=41&order=position
Jump up ^ "Baby (feat. Ludacris) – Single by Justin Bieber". iTunes. Apple Inc. Archived from the original on 2012-11-12. Retrieved 2010-01-18.
Jump up ^ "R&R Going for Adds – CHR/Top 40 – Week Of: January 26, 2010". RadioandRecords. Archived from the original on May 14, 2010. Retrieved 2010-01-19.
Jump up ^ "Baby (feat. Ludacris) (Australia Release)". iTunes. Apple Inc. Retrieved 2010-01-29.
Jump up ^ "Baby:Justin Bieber Feat.Ludacris (Germany Digital Download Release)". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2010-02-14.
Jump up ^ "Baby (2-Track):Justin Bieber: (Germany CD Single Release)". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2010-02-14.
Jump up ^ "Baby featuring Ludacris : Justin Bieber (France CD Single Release)". fnac.com. Retrieved 2010-03-02.
Jump up ^ "Baby: Justin Bieber:Amazon.co.uk: (United Kingdom Digital Download)". Amazon. Retrieved 2010-03-06.
External links
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[show]
v
t
e
Justin Bieber songs
Discography
My World
"One Time"
"One Less Lonely Girl"
My World 2.0
"Baby"
"Eenie Meenie"
"Somebody to Love"
"U Smile"
My Worlds: The Collection
"Pray"
Never Say Never: The Remixes
"Never Say Never"
Under the Mistletoe
"Mistletoe"
"All I Want for Christmas Is You (SuperFestive!)"
Believe
"Boyfriend"
"As Long as You Love Me"
"Beauty and a Beat"
"Right Here"
"All Around the World"
Journals
"Heartbreaker"
"All That Matters"
"Hold Tight"
"Recovery"
"Bad Day"
"All Bad"
"PYD"
"Roller Coaster"
"Change Me"
"Confident"
Purpose
"Where Are Ü Now"
"What Do You Mean?"
"Sorry"
"Love Yourself"
"Company"
Other singles
"Turn to You (Mother's Day Dedication)"
"Home to Mama"
"Friends"
Featured singles
"We Are the World 25 for Haiti"
"Next to You"
"Live My Life"
"#thatPOWER"
"Lolly"
"Wait for a Minute"
"Gas Pedal"
"Cold Water"
"Let Me Love You"
"Deja Vu"
"Despacito" (remix)
"I'm the One"
"2U"
"Hard 2 Face Reality"
Promotional singles
"Love Me"
"Favorite Girl"
"Never Let You Go"
"All I Want for Christmas Is You (SuperFestive!)"
"Die in Your Arms"
"I'll Show You"
Other songs
"Down to Earth"
"Bigger"
"First Dance"
"That Should Be Me"
"Why You Mad? (Infinity Remix)"
[show]
v
t
e
Ludacris
Discography
Awards and nominations
Studio albums
Incognegro
Back for the First Time
Word of Mouf
Chicken-n-Beer
The Red Light District
Release Therapy
Theater of the Mind
Battle of the Sexes
Ludaversal
Compilations
Golden Grain
Disturbing tha Peace
Mixtapes
DJ Drama Presents: The Preview
Singles
"What's Your Fantasy"
"Southern Hospitality"
"Area Codes"
"Rollout (My Business)"
"Saturday (Oooh Oooh!)"
"Move Bitch"
"Fatty Girl"
"Act a Fool"
"P-Poppin"
"Stand Up"
"Splash Waterfalls"
"Diamond in the Back"
"Blow It Out"
"Get Back"
"Number One Spot"
"The Potion"
"Pimpin' All Over the World"
"Money Maker"
"Grew Up a Screw Up"
"Runaway Love"
"Slap"
"What Them Girls Like"
"Wish You Would"
"Undisputed"
"One More Drink"
"Nasty Girl"
"How Low"
"My Chick Bad"
"Sex Room"
"Good Lovin"
Featured singles
"One Minute Man"
"Loverboy"
"Welcome to Atlanta"
"Why Don't We Fall in Love"
"Gossip Folks"
"Holidae In"
"Yeah!"
"Lovers & Friends"
"Shake Dat Shit"
"Oh"
"Sugar (Gimme Some)"
"Georgia"
"Unpredictable"
"Need a Boss"
"Glamorous"
"Get Buck in Here"
"I'm So Hood (Remix)"
"Rock Star"
"Gimme Dat"
"Grippin'"
"How We Do It (Around My Way)"
"Still Standing"
"Chopped & Skrewed"
"How Do You Sleep?"
"Bulletproof"
"Regret"
"Creepin' (Solo)"
"Baby"
"Break Your Heart"
"All I Do Is Win"
"Ride"
"Porn Star Dancing"
"I Like"
"Saturday Night"
"Tonight (I'm Fuckin' You)"
"Dirt Road Anthem"
"Little Bad Girl"
"Wet the Bed"
"We in This Bitch"
"All Around the World"
"The Champion"
Other songs
"War with God"
"Down in tha Dirty"
"Shake Señora"
"Candy Paint & Gold Teeth"
"Representin"
"Rest of My Life"
"Party Girls"
Related articles
Disturbing tha Peace
WeMix
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baby_(Justin_Bieber_song)&oldid=836966856"
Categories:
2010 singles
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Ludacris songs
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Songs written by The-Dream
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text:
The Dark Is Rising Sequence
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Dark Is Rising Sequence
Omnibus edition front cover[1]
Author
Susan Cooper
Cover artist
Oliver Burston[1]
Country
United Kingdom
Language
English
Genre
Children's fantasy novels
Publisher
Random House Children's Books[1]
Publication date
1984[1]
Media type
Print (trade ppb)[1]
Pages
786 pp[1]
ISBN
0-14-031688-4 [1]
OCLC
50597816
The Dark Is Rising is a series of five contemporary fantasy novels for older children and young adults, written by the English author Susan Cooper and published 1965 to 1977. The Dark Is Rising, the second novel in the series, was published in 1973.
The series is sometimes called The Dark Is Rising Sequence, which is the title of its UK omnibus edition (first 1984) and its US boxed set edition (first 1986).[2] It depicts a struggle between forces of good and evil called the Light and the Dark and is based on Arthurian legends, Celtic mythology, Norse mythology and English Folklore. Both magical and ordinary children are prominent throughout the series. It was inaugurated in 1965 with the U.K. publication of Over Sea, Under Stone by Jonathan Cape. The sequels were published 1973 to 1977, almost simultaneously in the U.K. and the U.S.[2][a] Volume four, The Grey King (1975), won both the Newbery Medal, recognizing the year's "most distinguished contribution to American literature for children",[3] and the inaugural Welsh Tir na n-Og Award for English-language books with Welsh background. The concluding Silver on the Tree (1977) also won the annual Tir na n-Og Award.[4]
The novel The Dark Is Rising features Will Stanton, age 11,[b] who learns on that birthday that he is an "Old One" and thus destined to wield the powers of The Light in the ancient struggle with The Dark. In the U.S. it was a Newbery Honor Book (runner up for the medal).[3] Its 2007 film adaptation, titled The Seeker in America and The Dark Is Rising in Britain, made significant plot and character divergences from the book.
Contents
[hide]
1 Characters
2 Artefacts
3 The Magics
4 Miscellaneous
5 Rhymes
6 Works in the series
6.1 Over Sea, Under Stone
6.2 The Dark Is Rising
6.3 Greenwitch
6.4 The Grey King
6.5 Silver on the Tree
7 Locations
8 Critical reception
9 Film adaptation
10 See also
11 Notes
12 References
13 External links
Characters[edit]
Simon, Jane, and Barney Drew: The main characters of the first novel, the Drew siblings, are human children who have known Merriman Lyon as their "Great Uncle Merry" for years. While on holiday in Cornwall, they get caught up in the battle between the Light and the Dark and join the search for the Things of Power. In the first novel, Over Sea, Under Stone, they search for the legendary Grail of King Arthur. They also appear in the third book, Greenwitch, and the last book in the series, Silver on the Tree. In the poem featured prominently throughout The Dark Is Rising, they are the ones referred to as "three from the track". Their last name is linked with Will Stanton's in British paleohistory; see Stanton Drew stone circles.
Simon Drew: Simon is the eldest of the Drews. In Over Sea, Under Stone, Simon and Barney are the two to go into the cave and retrieve the Grail. In Greenwitch, he is jealous of Will because Merriman brought him to Cornwall for "unnecessary" reasons, but eventually warms up to him. He loves sailing and anything to do with ships.
Jane Drew: Jane is the middle Drew. In Greenwitch, Jane is allowed to attend the Greenwitch ceremony, which is traditionally for female locals only, and through her compassion develops a special bond with the entity which constitutes the magical aspect of the Greenwitch. She subsequently receives from the entity the case containing the coded manuscript for deciphering the runes on the Grail. She also develops a special bond with the Lady of the Light in Silver on the Tree.
Barnabas (Barney) Drew: Barney is the youngest of the Drews. He loves King Arthur legends and, although he is quite wary of his talent at first, paints. In Greenwitch, Barney sketches a picture of the bay, which is later stolen by an agent of the Dark, but Merriman recovers it and presents it to Tethys as a gift.
Old Ones: Ancient and immortal, the Old Ones are mystical beings who possess great magical power. They are found in all parts of the world and are of many races and cultures. Capable of performing many seemingly impossible feats, including freezing time and controlling the elements, they serve the Light in the war against the Dark. The Great Lords of the Dark have many similar characteristics and abilities but are not Old Ones. The two factions struggle to determine the destiny of mankind; while the Light fights for freedom and free will, the Dark fights for chaos, confusion and the subversion of man's agency.
Will Stanton: The main character of the second novel, and a major character in the entire series, he is the seventh son of a seventh son, in a large, close human family. His eleventh birthday[b] marks the beginning of his magical awakening and rise to power as the last of the Old Ones. The Dark Is Rising tells how he came to power, met Merriman Lyon, and accumulated the six "signs" to help fight the Dark. Will is the last of the Old Ones; no others will be born after him. In Greenwitch, he is invited to come to Cornwall by Merriman in order to help recover the Grail and cypher that reveals how to read the runes on the Grail. He later gives Jane a bracelet of gold engraved with the words, "power from the Greenwitch", which she throws into the sea as an offering to the Greenwitch in appreciation for its help. In The Grey King, Will goes to Wales to recover from sickness, where he meets Bran and awakens the Sleepers. In Silver on the Tree, Will travels with Bran to the Lost Land to recover the crystal sword Eirias, and helps to vanquish the Dark. Will is the only Old One to remain on Earth afterward, and the only one of the Light's allies who remembers the struggle against the Dark; in this, he is referred to as "the watchman", staying behind to keep watch for any attempt by the Dark to return.
Cooper named Will for William Shakespeare.[5]
Merriman Lyon: Merriman is the first Old One. He and Will Stanton have a special bond as each of them is one end of the long line of Old Ones. It is said that with the birth and coming to power of Will Stanton, the circle of Old Ones is complete. A friend of the Drew family for over a generation, he assisted Barney, Jane, and Simon in their quest for the Grail, in addition to protecting them until their task was completed; they occasionally refer to him as "Great Uncle Merry" or "Gumerry". Throughout the series Merriman is portrayed in numerous historical periods, but particularly as King Arthur's chief adviser, the mythical Merlin, as Arthur calls him "Mer Lion", old English for "my lion", in Silver on the Tree.
The Lady: The Lady is the most powerful of the Old Ones. Gentle, wise and enigmatic, she is a pivotal figure throughout the series, appearing usually at important moments to turn the tide in the Light's favor. She is an especial friend and mentor to Will and Jane. At one point in The Dark Is Rising, Will Stanton makes a critical mistake during a battle with the Dark and is saved by the Lady. Merriman tells Will that the Lady on her own is the only Old One able to overcome the full power of the Dark, although at a great cost. The sacrifice by the Lady is a critical point in the Story because she is a key element of the battle. At a later high ceremony of Old Ones, the Lady is missing and Merriman tells Will that her depleted power prevents her arrival, and she is beyond their magic to rescue but will return. She represents the Lady of the Lake, or the Lady of Avalon, King Arthur's sister, as they both embark on Arthur's boat Pridwen in Silver on the Tree.[6] The Lady, like King Arthur, is affiliated with The Light and the High Magic. In Silver on the Tree, she initially can only communicate with Jane Drew, the one girl among the Six, telling Jane they share a special bond in being female, and calls her "Jane, Jana, Juno", referring to Jana (in Roman mythology, a variant form of Diana) or Juno, the queen of the gods.
The Black Rider: One of the great Lords of the Dark, comparable to Merriman in power and influence. The Rider is the major nemesis of Will during his many trials. He patronises John Wayland Smith's establishment, where he meets Will for the first time and attempts to bring Will over to the Dark. He is given one name by the humans in the story: Mitothin (a name connected with the jötunn Loki, who helps bring about Ragnarok).
The White Rider: Another servant and Lord of the Dark, introduced in Silver on the Tree. The White Rider is almost equal in power to the Black Rider, and despite being feminine in her true form, often affects a masculine guise while attacking agents of the Light. She is revealed as disguising herself as Blodwen Rowlands, an "aunt" figure to Bran Davies. She acts kind and caring, to keep an eye on Bran while developing emotional bonds, while controlling events around Cader Idris, which means "chair of Arthur", and the Sleepers. Will Stanton hypothesized that the monochromatic 'colour' of the White Rider's robes, like those of the Black Rider, reflected the extremism of their evil—either darkened by their ignorance, or blinded by the brightness of their ideas.
The Walker: A human who betrayed the Light and was cursed to carry the Sign of Bronze, one of six Things of Power that repel the Dark, through the centuries until the last Old One claimed it from him. The Walker was once Hawkin, a liege man and foster son of Merriman during the 13th century. His betrayal of the Light stemmed largely from Merriman's acceptance of Hawkin's willingness to sacrifice his life to protect the Book of Gramarye, the secrets of which the human Hawkin can neither possess nor partake of. In The Dark Is Rising his appearance in Will Stanton's town precipitates Will's "awakening" and rise to power. He presents Will with his second sign.
The Sleepers: Ancient knights who served during the time of King Arthur. In The Grey King they are awakened from a mystic slumber by the Harp of the Light, to ride against the Dark during the final battle in Silver on the Tree.
Pendragon: This is a reference to two characters. First, it is the figurative title referring to status as a leader, of several traditional Kings of the Britons, notably King Arthur. It is also his son in this series, Bran Davies, who is predestined to wield the Crystal Sword of Light that is vital to the final conflict with the Dark. Bran Davies is brought forward in time by Merriman at the request of his mother, Guinevere, who feared that Arthur would reject Bran as a true son because of Guinevere's affair with Lancelot. Bran is an albino, meaning he has very pale skin and white hair, eyebrows, and eyelashes, but his eyes are an unusual tawny colour. Will meets him in Wales during The Grey King, where they wake the Sleepers using the Harp. In Silver on the Tree, Bran and Will travel to the Lost Land and recover the sword Eirias.
The rooks: The majority of these birds are servants of the Dark and attract their forces wherever they are seen.
Farmer Dawson: An Old One who lives near Will Stanton and presents him with his first Sign.
John Wayland Smith: Another Old One who lives near Will Stanton; he is also a skilled smith. Though he is affiliated with the Light, he aids all who pass in his smithy. It is suggested that he might be the legendary Saxon smith, Weyland, the Saxon equivalent of the legendary elf smith Volund.
Artefacts[edit]
Things of Power: The Old Ones have four Things of Power that will be used in the final battle which will allow them to defeat the Dark: the circle of Signs, the Grail, the Harp, and the Sword. They are obtained in The Dark Is Rising, Over Sea, Under Stone, The Grey King, and Silver on the Tree, respectively. Greenwitch is the story of the recovery of the stolen Grail.
The Signs: A set of six circles quartered (divided evenly in four sections) by crosses. The six signs are each made of a different material and represent a different element: wood, bronze, iron, water, fire, and stone. The six Signs represent the Six champions of the Light, referred to in the recurring Poem of the Dark Is Rising series, as "three from the Circle, three from the Track". When used, the signs have the power to repel the Dark.
The Grail: Presumably the source of the King Arthur Holy Grail legend, it is an artefact of power used by the Light. There are markings on it in a writing similar to Ogham, which is long lost. It is eventually translated by the Old Ones, thanks to a coded manuscript inside a metal case held by the Greenwitch.
The Harp (the harp of gold): A golden harp that is obtained by Will Stanton and Bran Davies from a triumvirate of the High Magic by answering three riddles. The Light uses it in The Grey King in order to wake the Sleepers in preparation for the final battle. Whoever plays the harp creates powerful music that negates any magic, through the protection of the High Magic.
The Crystal Sword: A magical sword, commissioned by the Light, crafted in the magical Lost Lands by the Lost King. It is named Eirias; therefore, "blazing", also called sword of the sunrise. In the presence of the Dark, it burns with blue fire. It can cut portals through magical barriers, as seen in Silver on the Tree, and is encased in a magical scabbard of invisibility. It is used by Bran Davies, the Pendragon, heir of King Arthur, to cut the one fully blossomed silver flower on the Midsummer's Tree, which is caught by Merriman.
The Book of Gramarye: The ancient Book of the Old Ones, it is an Old One's rite of passage, while also teaching everything about their powers, and through it, they experience the magical spells. Gramarye, or grimoire, from the Old French word grammaire and the Old English word grammar, initially referred to all books, most written in Latin, which almost no one could read, and perceived by the masses as "magical". The Book of Gramarye is protected by an enchanted device of a pendulum in a longcase clock, that if touched, will detonate and destroy any human that attempts to gain access to the book. This powerful book is further protected in that it is written in the Old Speech, which only an Old One can read and understand. It is blasted out of existence by Merriman after Will has read it.
The Doors: A set of carved oak doors that lead through Time. Old Ones can summon these doors to appear at will to transport themselves through time and space. The doors disappear when the Old Ones pass through them, accompanied by the haunting bell chime music of the Light. Their origin is not explained in the books.
Midsummer's Tree: In Chiltern, England, The Tree produces a silver flower, which blooms once every 700 years, and is the final challenge for the Six of the Light. The person who obtains the silver flower gains control of the High Magic, to put out of Time the Dark or the Light forever. Bran Davies, the Pendragon and heir of King Arthur, wields the Crystal Sword to cut the fully blossomed silver flower on the Midsummer's Tree, which is caught by Merriman, making the Light victorious.
The Magics[edit]
Old Magic: A powerful elemental magic, of which the Light and the Dark are the two opposite extremes.
Wild Magic: The magic of nature, first used in The Dark Is Rising to provide strength to the forces of the Light in the book's final battle. In Greenwitch, we learn that the Wild Magic is equal in strength to both the Dark and the Light, but that it stands apart and is unaffected by either.
High Magic: The most powerful magic, being of the Cosmos. A spell of this type is used by the Old Ones in Greenwitch to be able to communicate with Tethys, the Queen of the Sea, and plead for her help in obtaining the scroll that will help translate the writing on the Grail. In The Grey King, Will Stanton and Bran Davies obtain the Harp of Gold from a place guarded by the High Magic after being tested by a Lord of the Dark, a Lord of the Light, and a Lord of the High Magic.
Miscellaneous[edit]
Old Speech: This is the spoken form of the ancient language of the Old Ones. When an Old One comes to power, this language is used instinctively by the Old One when speaking to members of the Light or the Dark. Will Stanton begins to do this without even realizing it. When an Old One speaks the Old Speech in front of a normal human, it will sound like gibberish. Some agents of the Dark, such as the Rider, can also speak Old Speech, but with a distinctive accent which gives them away to the Old Ones.
Rhymes[edit]
Small rhyming prophecies serve to guide the protagonists throughout the series. Science Fiction author and filker Julia Ecklar has set these rhyming prophecies to music, and the resulting song, also called "The Dark Is Rising", won the 1997 Pegasus Award for Best Sorcery Song.[7]
Works in the series[edit]
Over Sea, Under Stone[edit]
Main article: Over Sea, Under Stone
The characters in this book, which was published several years before the others, are younger than those in the rest of the series, and the issues are presented as less cosmic. Overall the book is aimed at younger readers more than the other four books in the series.
In this tale, Susan Cooper introduces the audience to Merriman, a pivotal character for the forces of the Light and also ties him with Simon, Jane and Barney Drew, three young mortal children, in a quest by the sea which will lead them over sea and under stone to find a grail of legend to help the Light in its struggle against the Dark.
The Dark Is Rising[edit]
"You are the seventh son of a seventh son, Will Stanton. You step through time. One by one, the Signs will call to you. You will gather them and gain the power of the Light. You are the Sign-Seeker."
In this second book, Will Stanton begins to have strange experiences on his 11th[b] birthday, just before Christmas. He soon learns he is one of the Old Ones, a guardian and warrior for the Light. He learns that he must help find the four Things of Power for the Light in order to battle the forces of the Dark. The first of these Things of Power is the Circle of Six Signs. This book is the key book for the main character, Will Stanton. It is in this book that he collects the six signs which become the Circle of Signs, one of the Things of Power, by finding the additional five mandalas (he has been given one earlier) and uses the completed Circle to ward off the forces of the Dark. The book features elements of English folklore that are especially associated with the Thames Valley, with Herne the Hunter making an appearance.
The Dark is Rising was one American Library Association Newbery Honor Book in 1974. Based on a 2007 online poll, the U.S. National Education Association named it one of "Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children".[8] In 2012 it was ranked number 22 among all-time children's novels in a survey published by School Library Journal, a monthly with primarily U.S. audience.[9]
Greenwitch[edit]
This story returns to the characters introduced in Over Sea, Under Stone, uniting them with Will Stanton, and involves a quest for magic from beneath the sea.
Jane Drew witnesses the creation of a ritualistic offering known as the 'Greenwitch', and senses both great power and great sadness in it. She wishes that the Greenwitch could be happy, and that wish has important consequences later when it turns out that the Greenwitch possesses something that will unlock the secrets of the Grail.
Karen Patricia Smith has written, "Greenwitch, the third book in the series, is quite different in mood from the earlier books. In this dreamlike novel set in Cornwall, magic often occurs during the hours of darkness and yet readers are not left with the feeling that experiences have been merely imagined. The Greenwitch, a figure created by village women, comes into possession of a great secret coveted by the powers of Light and Dark. Young Jane's innocence moves the creature to release the secret. Jane is an interesting figure because at first she appears to be a rather flat character who reacts according to convention. Yet as the story progresses, we learn that even those who are skilled and knowledgeable in fighting the powers of the Dark are powerless in this instance. Ironically it is Jane who is successful, not through dramatic means, but rather through communicating her compassion for the Greenwitch."[10]
The Grey King[edit]
Main article: The Grey King
In this book, Will is sent to Wales to recuperate after an illness. Here he meets Bran, the Pendragon, son of King Arthur, and befriends him. He must also awaken the Sleepers to fight the Dark.
The Grey King was awarded the 1976 Newbery Medal.
Welsh folklore figures strongly in the book.
Silver on the Tree[edit]
All of the main characters from the other books in the sequence come together in this book, some meeting for the first time, and the current struggle between the Light and the Dark is resolved. After the Light wins the battle, Bran is offered a chance to rejoin his father, but chooses to give up his immortality to stay with his friends and his mortal adoptive father. All immortal characters except Will Stanton leave the Earth forever. All the mortal characters lose all memory of any dealings with magic and the Old Ones, though the Drews and Bran have snatches of something come back to them in dreams.
One reviewer for The Junior Bookshelf offered a mixed review: "One of the difficulties lies in accepting that apparently very ordinary children have a special destiny. This is the major obstacle to the acceptance of Narnia. Four at least of the Six who have the duty of holding back the Dark do not seem up to the task. Time switches too, although handled skilfully enough, are not always easy to swallow. Where Miss Cooper excels is in the management of setting... The writer captures the smell of the countryside... Miss Cooper shows how fine her observation is and her ability to convey its tingling reality. Perhaps, now that the Dark has been put finally to flight, she will pursue this aspect of her art."[11]
Fantasy scholar Carole Scott remarks how, in one chapter of this novel, "the power of evil is presented in modern dress through a bigoted Englishman's outburst of racial prejudice directed against an immigrant of color."[12]
Locations[edit]
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Nearly all the locations mentioned in the books are based on real places. Over Sea, Under Stone and Greenwitch are set in Trewissick, which is based on a village in southern Cornwall called Mevagissey which Susan Cooper used to visit as a child. The Dark Is Rising is set in the part of Buckinghamshire where Cooper grew up: Huntercombe is based on the small village of Dorney, and the Great Hall is Dorney Court. The Welsh setting in The Grey King and Silver on the Tree is the area around Aberdyfi, the village where Cooper's grandmother was born and where her parents lived.
Critical reception[edit]
John Clute wrote in The Encyclopedia of Fantasy, "The overall tale evolves – not without occasional narrative confusion when time paradoxes and puzzles must be confronted – towards a guardedly affirmative climax in which it seems that the various young protagonists plus Bran Davies (King Arthur's son) may succeed in staving off entropy and totalitarianism."[13]
Karen Patricia Smith wrote, "Susan Cooper has come to be recognized as a major author of books for children and young adults. Her first work for children, Over Sea, Under Stone came as a response to a contest designed to honor the memory of E. Nesbit. Cooper's major contribution to date has been The Dark Is Rising series, which greatly expands the mythical theme suggested in Over Sea, Under Stone and reveals Cooper's extraordinary prowess as an author of fantasy... The shadowy aspect of the conflict and the inability to 'read' clearly the motivations of some of the characters are areas in which Cooper has been criticized. However, I feel that the ambiguity of protagonists and antagonists is a deliberate literary device. Rather than succumbing to artistic flaw, Cooper goes beyond the conventional expectations of her readers by inviting them to glimpse the complex, the unexplainable, and often the threatening aspects of mankind's nature. By offering the thesis that the human psyche may manifest itself in explicit actions or present itself in a mysterious and often frustrating manner, Cooper exceeds the traditional presentations of good versus evil often found in fantasy literature."[10]
Mary Corran has written, "Cooper's scholarly knowledge of legend, and skill in drawing together all the complexities of the five books into a triumphant finale, produce an epic of great power. There are differences in quality in the novels--Greenwitch...is perhaps the weakest, and The Dark Is Rising and The Grey King the strongest; Silver on the Tree, while suitably life-affirming in its conclusion, is slightly preachy, but that is a natural hazard of the subject matter. Cooper deals with the innate antagonism between mortals and immortals impressively, and in The Grey King reaches great heights as she mingles the worlds and peoples of legend and the present day. The sequence is a remarkable achievement, and Cooper's gifts for description and characterization provide additional pleasure to novels already replete with intellectual enjoyment."[14]
Joel Chaston writes, "Among Cooper's books for children, the Dark Is Rising series is her masterwork. The five novels in it are rich with symbolism and poetic passages. The Dark Is Rising, perhaps the best single book of the series, certainly rivals and sometimes surpasses the work of the major fantasy writers--with whose work it is frequently compared."[5]
Amelia A. Rutledge says that the series "integrates the traditional lore of the British Isles with modern concerns. Her work, although commercially designated for a younger audience, exemplifies sophisticated mythopoeic writing not limited to that age group and is one of the major contributions to Arthurian fantasy of the 1970s."[15]
Professor Michael D. C. Drout argues that Cooper makes greater "use of Anglo-Saxon source materials" than other critics have identified: "Cooper's uses of Anglo-Saxon sources are allusions that fit into a schema of history rather than (in the words of one reviewer) being merely tossed "pell-mell" into the mythical pot... It is Cooper's Anglo-Saxonism, I argue, which generates the notions of British national identity explicated in the novels, notions that contradict the author's overt political stance. In addition, Cooper's particular version of Anglo-Saxonism, with its strong focus on teaching and learning, is isomorphic to the ideology of adult/child power relations represented in the novels, an ideology that puts great weight on the value of obedience to authority. Adult/child power relations are both replicated and reinforced by two other sets of opposed terms: British/non-British and supernatural/mundane, and all of these terms are finally subsumed in Cooper's Manichaean binary, Light/Dark, leading to a closed symbolic economy which exalts personal obedience to authority and views Anglo-Saxons and their ideologies—as they were for the Venerable Bede in A.D. 771—as clearly on the side of the angels."[16]
The New York Times Book Review wrote of the novel The Dark Is Rising, "This is a muscular fantasy... The writing is robust, but noticeably better out of human time than at the Stanton hearth: as if the author's style, too, had experienced a salutary, magical translation... The fantastic style is virile and, for all its paraphernalia, spare. Susan Cooper's vocabulary is athletic; the complications are dense. Her book seems to have been prepared for a special small age group: those who can read with fluency and attention, but who haven't yet been afflicted by adolescent cynicism."[17]
Film adaptation[edit]
Main article: The Seeker: The Dark Is Rising
Following the successful film adaptations of other fantasy classics, it was announced in 2005 that the Dark Is Rising series was being developed as a major motion picture. The Seeker was a joint venture between 20th Century Fox and Walden Media. John Hodge wrote the screenplay and the film was directed by David L. Cunningham and produced by Marc E. Platt. Ian McShane played the role of Merriman Lyon while Alexander Ludwig played the young Will Stanton as an American. Frances Conroy and Christopher Eccleston (as The Rider)[1] also star. Filming began in February 2007 in Bucharest, Romania. The film was released on 5 October 2007, in the United States and the U.K. It was not successful.
Screenwriter Hodge made substantial changes to the novel's plot, tone, and characters. For example, to differentiate him from Harry Potter, the film version of Will Stanton is a 13- to 14-year-old[b] American living in Britain. Hodge also felt that the "lyrical, poetic, kaleidoscopic fashion" of the book could not be filmed and felt compelled to add action for Will where "he doesn't actually do very much."[18][19]
Cooper was disappointed by changes in the screenplay from the book and requested that some be undone. For example, she considers it crucial that Will is only 11 because that is before puberty.[18] The film portrays, and one of its trailers featured, Will as an adolescent teased for and preoccupied with his shyness and inexperience with girls.[19]
See also[edit]
Children's literature portal
Speculative fiction portal
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Almost simultaneous: ISFDB reports 1965 UK and 1966 US publication of the first book and matching publication years for the sequels: April US and May UK, volume 2; US months missing, volumes 3 and 4; September US and October UK, volume 5.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Will Stanton's eleventh birthday is momentous in the book. In the Hollywood version he is 13 to 14 years old (and American) in order to help distinguish him from Harry Potter, a later creation but earlier international film success who learns on his eleventh birthday that he is a wizard.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g The Dark Is Rising first omnibus edition publication contents at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database (ISFDB). Retrieved 2012-02-25.
^ Jump up to: a b The Dark Is Rising Sequence series listing at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database. Retrieved 2012-02-26. Select a title to see its linked publication history and general information. Select a particular edition (title) for more data at that level, such as a front cover image or linked contents.
^ Jump up to: a b "Newbery Medal and Honor Books, 1922-Present". Association for Library Service to Children. ALA. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
Jump up ^ "Tir na n-Og awards past winners" Archived 10 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine.. Welsh Books Council (Cyngor Llyfrau Cymru). Retrieved 2012-02-26.
^ Jump up to: a b Chaston, Joel D. (1996). "Susan (Mary) Cooper". In Caroline C. Hunt. Dictionary of Literary Biography Vol. 161: British Children's Writers Since 1960: First Series. Detroit: Gale. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ The Silver Tree, page 265. Edition: Simon & Schuster, 2010, ISBN 9780689849183. (This is the second page of the final chapter.)
Jump up ^ Included on Ecklar's CD Horsetamer.
Jump up ^ National Education Association (2007). "Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children". Retrieved 2012-08-19.
Jump up ^ Bird, Elizabeth (7 July 2012). "Top 100 Chapter Book Poll Results". A Fuse #8 Production. Blog. School Library Journal (blog.schoollibraryjournal.com). Retrieved 2012-08-19.
^ Jump up to: a b Smith, Karen Patricia (1994). "Susan Cooper: Overview". In Laura Standley Berger. Twentieth-Century Young Adult Writers. Detroit: St. James Press.
Jump up ^ "For Children from Ten to Fourteen: Silver on the Tree". The Junior Bookshelf. 42 (2): 99–100. April 1978. Retrieved 2013-08-05.
Jump up ^ Scott, Carole (1997). "High and Wild Magic, the Moral Universe, and the Electronic Superhighway: Reflections of Change in Susan Cooper's Fantasy Literature". In Sandra L. Beckett. Reflections of Change: Children's Literature Since 1945. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Publishers. pp. 91–97. Retrieved 2013-08-05.
Jump up ^ Clute, John (1997). "Cooper, Susan". The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction. Retrieved 2013-08-05.
Jump up ^ Corran, Mary (1996). "Susan Cooper: Overview". In David Pringle. St. James Guide to Fantasy Writers. New York: St. James Press. Retrieved 2013-08-05.
Jump up ^ Rutledge, Amelia A. (2002). "Susan (Mary) Cooper". In Darren Harris-Fain. Dictionary of Literary Biography Vol. 261: British Fantasy and Science-Fiction Writers Since 1960. Detroit: Gale.
Jump up ^ Drout, Michael D. C. (April 1997). "Reading the Signs of Light: Anglo Saxonism, Education, and Obedience in Susan Cooper's The Dark Is Rising". The Lion and the Unicorn. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. 21 (2): 230–250. doi:10.1353/uni.1997.0039. Retrieved 2013-08-05.
Jump up ^ Mano, D. Keith (22 April 1973). "The Dark Is Rising". The New York Times Book Review. p. 8. Retrieved 2013-08-05.
^ Jump up to: a b Margot Adler (1 October 2007). "Author Uncertain About 'Dark' Leap to Big Screen". National Public Radio (NPR). Retrieved 2007-10-11.
^ Jump up to: a b Margot Adler (27 September 2007). "Author Uncertain About 'Dark' Leap to Big Screen". All Things Considered. NPR. Radio broadcast narrated by Adler incorporating material from interviews with Susan Cooper and John Hodge. Audio transcript at npr.org (select "Listen to the story") retrieved 2013-01-09.
External links[edit]
Susan Cooper at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
The Lost Land – further information on the series.
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