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Back in Black
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This article is about the album by AC/DC. For the title track from the album, see Back in Black (song). For other uses, see Back in Black (disambiguation).
Back in Black
Studio album by AC/DC
Released
25 July 1980 (1980-07-25)
Recorded
April–May 1980
Studio
Compass Point Studios
(Nassau, Bahamas)
Genre
Hard rock[1]
Length
42:11
Label
Albert/Atlantic
Producer
Robert John "Mutt" Lange
AC/DC chronology
Highway to Hell
(1979) Back in Black
(1980) For Those About to Rock We Salute You
(1981)
Singles from Back in Black
"You Shook Me All Night Long"
Released: 19 August 1980
"Hells Bells"
Released: 31 October 1980
"Back in Black"
Released: 21 December 1980
"Rock and Roll Ain't Noise Pollution"
Released: 15 March 1981
Back in Black is the seventh studio album by Australian rock band AC/DC. Produced by Robert John "Mutt" Lange, the album was released on July 25, 1980 via Albert Productions and Atlantic Records. By the late-1970s, AC/DC began achieving significant popularity outside their native Australia, with high-energy live performances and a series of successful albums. In 1978, they paired with producer Lange and recorded their international breakthrough hit Highway to Hell. This was also the band's first album featuring vocalist Brian Johnson, who replaced Bon Scott after the latter had died back in February of that same year, shortly before the band actually started recording the album. So, instead of disbanding, the group decided to continue on with Johnson.
Back in Black was recorded over seven weeks in the Bahamas between April and May of 1980. Because the area was hit by tropical storms at the time, recording sessions become difficult some occasions. Composed by Johnson, Angus and Malcolm Young, its musical content consists of hard rock-styled numbers. Lange demanded perfection in the band's recordings, particularly on Johnson's vocals. Following its completion, the group mixed Back in Black at Electric Lady Studios in New York City. The album's all-black cover was designed as a "sign of mourning" for Scott.
As their sixth international studio release, Back in Black was an unprecedented success. It has sold an estimated 50 million copies worldwide.[2][3][4][5] Its enormous sales figures have made it one of the best-selling albums in music history. The band supported the album with a yearlong world tour, cementing them among the most popular music acts of the early-1980s. The album also received positive critical reception during its initial release, and it has since been included on numerous lists of "greatest" albums. Since its original release, the album has been reissued and remastered multiple times, most recently for digital distribution.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Recording and production
3 Reception
4 Legacy
5 Commercial performance
6 Music videos
6.1 DualDisc versions
7 Track listing
8 Personnel
8.1 Production
9 Charts and certifications
9.1 Weekly charts
9.2 Year-end charts
9.3 Sales and certifications
10 See also
11 References
11.1 Bibliography
Background[edit]
Bon Scott, the band's former vocalist in December 1979.
By 1979, AC/DC were poised to receive a significant level of success with their sixth studio album, Highway to Hell. Robert John "Mutt" Lange produced the record, making the band's sound more catchy and accessible to international audiences, and it became their first platinum album in the United States, selling over one million copies, while also peaking at number 17 on that country's pop charts and number eight in the United Kingdom.[6] AC/DC, formed in 1973, first broke into international markets in 1977 with their fourth record, Let There Be Rock. They were notable for their high-energy live performances, in which lead guitarist Angus Young would don a schoolboy outfit, and for singer Bon Scott's distinctive raspy voice.[6]
As the new decade approached, the group set off for the UK and France for the final tour dates of their breakthrough release.[7] They planned to begin recording a follow-up shortly after its completion. On 19 February 1980, Scott went on a drinking binge in a London pub that caused him to lose consciousness, so a friend let him rest in the back of his Renault 5 overnight. The next morning, Scott was found unresponsive and rushed to King's College Hospital where medical personnel pronounced him dead on arrival. The coroner ruled that pulmonary aspiration of vomit was the cause of Scott's death, but the official cause was listed on the death certificate as "acute alcoholic poisoning" and classified as "death by misadventure". Scott was cremated and his ashes were interred by his family at Fremantle Cemetery in Fremantle, Western Australia.[8] The loss devastated the band, who considered breaking up. However, friends and family persuaded them to carry on.[9]
After Bon Scott's funeral, the band immediately began auditions for a replacement frontman. Among the applicants were Gary Pickford-Hopkins and Allan Fryer of Fat Lip,[10] who, like Stevie Wright of the Easybeats, were touted by the press as most-certain replacements.[11] At the advice of Lange, the group brought in Geordie singer Brian Johnson, who impressed the group.[12] After the band begrudgingly worked through the rest of the list of applicants in the following days, Johnson returned for a second rehearsal.[13] On 29 March, Malcolm Young called the singer to offer him the job, to his surprise. Out of respect for Bon Scott, the band wanted a frontman who would not be a mere imitator of him. In addition to his distinctive voice, demeanor and love of classic soul and blues music, the group liked Johnson's engaging personality.[14] Johnson was officially announced as the new lead singer of AC/DC on 8 April 1980.
Recording and production[edit]
Brian Johnson replaced Bon Scott as vocalist.
Rehearsals for Back in Black were scheduled over three weeks at London’s E-Zee Hire Studios, but it was cut to one week when an opening came up at Compass Point Studios in Nassau, in the Bahamas. Although they preferred to record their next effort in the UK, there were no studios available, and the Bahamas presented a nice tax advantage.[15]
Back in Black was recorded from mid-April to May 1980 at Compass Point with producer "Mutt" Lange. Upon their arrival, the area was being hit by several tropical storms, wreaking havoc on the studio's electricity. In addition, their equipment was initially held up by customs, and other gear was slowly freighted over from the UK.[16] Johnson felt pressure during the process, having never recorded with the group. None of Scott's writings were used for the album's lyrics, as the group felt it would seemingly profit from his passing. Johnson reported having trouble adjusting to the environment, and even referenced the bad weather on the opening lines of "Hells Bells" ("I'm rolling thunder, pourin' rain. I'm comin' on like a hurricane. My lightning's flashing across the sky. You're only young but you're gonna die.").[17]
Back in Black was recorded in Nassau, the capital of The Bahamas.
The general attitude in the studio was optimistic. Engineer Tony Platt was dismayed, however, to find the studio's rooms were not sonically complimentary to the group's sound, which was designed to be very dry and compact.[18] A humorous anecdote from the sessions involved a recording being interrupted by random crab shuffling across the studio's wooden floor.[19] Angus Young's particular guitar sound was achieved in part by a wireless guitar device, the Schaffer-Vega Diversity System, a Ken Schaffer design which provided a signal boost and was reissued as a separate guitar effect in 2014.[20][21]
Lange focused particular attention on Johnson's vocals, demanding perfection out of each take.[22] Near the end of the process, the band phoned manager Ian Jeffery in search of a bell to include on the album.[23] Jeffery located a foundry to produce the bell, but with seven weeks having already gone by, he suggested Platt record a nearby church's bells.[24] These recordings did not suffice due to the sound of a flurry of birds flying away at each bell hit. The foundry brought forward production on the bell, which turned out perfectly tuned, and it was recorded with Ronnie Lane's Mobile Studio.[24] Following the recording's completion, the group mixed Back in Black at Electric Lady Studios in New York City.[25]
According to Angus Young, the album's all-black cover was a "sign of mourning" for Scott. Atlantic Records disagreed with the cover, but accepted if the band put a grey outline around the AC/DC logo.[17]
Reception[edit]
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source
Rating
AllMusic [26]
Blender [27]
Robert Christgau B–[28]
Rolling Stone (1980) favourable[29]
Rolling Stone (2002) [1]
Rolling Stone (2005) [30]
Smash Hits 8/10[31]
Back in Black was released on 25 July 1980, less than half a year after Scott's death. AC/DC were nervous about the future, with Angus saying they were a "bit jittery" during recording.[32] However, the album proved to ease the band's worries, as it became their best selling, most popular and critically respected album. Not only did it go to no. 1 on the UK Albums Chart, its success meant AC/DC were the first band since The Beatles to have four albums in the British Top 100 simultaneously, as Highway to Hell, If You Want Blood You've Got It, and Let There Be Rock all re-entered the charts right after Back in Black was released.[33] In the US, the single "You Shook Me All Night Long"/"Have a Drink on Me" became AC/DC's first Top 40 hit in the country, peaking at no. 35.[33] The title track, along with "Hells Bells", "Shoot to Thrill", "You Shook Me All Night Long", and "Rock and Roll Ain't Noise Pollution" all became fan favorites and staples of the band's live performances. The other songs on Back in Black were largely ignored after the mid-1980s although "What Do You Do for Money Honey" was revived during the 2001 tour. The 2015 tour brought back "Have a Drink on Me" and "Given the Dog a Bone".
Despite its success, Robert Christgau wrote that, "Angus Young does come up with killer riffs, though not as consistently as a refined person like myself might hope, and lead singer Brian Johnson sings like there's a cattle prod at his scrotum, just the thing for fans who can't decide whether their newfound testosterone is agony or ecstasy." Christgau gave the album a B–.[28]
Legacy[edit]
"Back in Black"
A sample of AC/DC's "Back in Black" from Back in Black
Problems playing this file? See media help.
The album is featured on many "best of" lists. In 1989, it was ranked #26 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 100 Best Albums of the Eighties. The title track was ranked no. 190 on the same magazine's list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.[34] In 2001, VH1 ranked Back in Black #82 on its list of the Top 100 Albums.[35] VH1 also placed the title track at #2 on its list of the 100 Greatest Hard Rock Songs. In 2003, the album was ranked #77 on Rolling Stone's list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time".[36] In 2006, Q magazine placed the album at #9 in its list of the 40 Best Albums of the '80s.[37] It was listed at #2 in the book, 100 Best Australian Albums, in October 2010,[38] and included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die in 2005.[39]
Back in Black is also praised for its sound quality. In the years after its release, studios in Nashville, Tennessee (nicknamed "Music City") would use it to check the acoustics of a room, while Motörhead would use it to tune their sound system.[40]
American death metal group Six Feet Under recorded a cover of the entire album under the title Graveyard Classics 2.[41]
Commercial performance[edit]
Worldwide, Back in Black is the second best-selling album of all time, behind only Michael Jackson's Thriller. It is the best-selling hard rock album of all-time, and the best-selling album ever released by an Australian musical act. Despite never reaching no. 1 on the US Billboard 200, it was certified 22× multi-platinum on 13 December 2007 by the RIAA, denoting 22 million albums sold.[42] This currently places it sixth in the list of best-selling albums in the US.[43]
Back in Black stayed on the Billboard chart for 131 weeks, never reaching no. 1; however, it did reach no. 1 in Australia and the UK. In April 2010, it re-entered the Billboard charts at no. 181.
In 2014, Back in Black re-entered the Billboard charts at no. 73.
The album has also sold one million or more copies in Canada, Germany and France.[44] The album has sold 50 million copies worldwide.
Music videos[edit]
AC/DC recorded six music videos for the album which were recorded in Breda, in the Netherlands. The songs they used for the videos were "Back in Black", "Hells Bells", "What Do You Do for Money Honey", "You Shook Me All Night Long", "Let Me Put My Love into You", and "Rock and Roll Ain't Noise Pollution", and were basic performance videos. Most of these remained officially unreleased until "Back in Black", "Hells Bells", "What Do You Do for Money Honey", and "Rock and Roll Ain't Noise Pollution", as well as the 1986 video for "You Shook Me All Night Long" which was filmed for the Who Made Who album, were released on the Family Jewels DVD. The original video for "You Shook Me All Night Long" was later released on the promo DVD Back in Black: The Videos and on the Backtracks box sets. One thing to note about both videos is the original 1980 video features drummer Phil Rudd, who appears on the actual track, while the 1986 video features Simon Wright who replaced Rudd in 1983. However, Rudd would return in 1994. This is not the first time Wright appeared in an AC/DC video for a track originally recorded with Rudd. Rudd appeared on Flick of the Switch (1983) while Wright appeared on the tour and videos for that album. "Let Me Put My Love into You" still remains unreleased but can be viewed on YouTube. A video for "Shoot to Thrill", combining 2009 live footage of the group and scenes from Iron Man 2, was released in 2009.
DualDisc versions[edit]
Back in Black was included among a group of fifteen DualDisc releases that were test marketed in two cities in the US: Boston and Seattle. The DualDisc has the standard album on one side, and bonus material on the second side.
The DualDisc version was subsequently reissued in a commercial version that is somewhat different than the rare test market version.
Track listing[edit]
All tracks written by Angus Young, Malcolm Young and Brian Johnson.
Side one
No.
Title
Length
1. "Hells Bells" 5:10
2. "Shoot to Thrill" 5:17
3. "What Do You Do for Money Honey" 3:33
4. "Given the Dog a Bone" 3:30
5. "Let Me Put My Love into You" 4:16
Side two
No.
Title
Length
6. "Back in Black" 4:14
7. "You Shook Me All Night Long" 3:30
8. "Have a Drink on Me" 3:57
9. "Shake a Leg" 4:06
10. "Rock and Roll Ain't Noise Pollution" 4:15
According to the official AC/DC website and most worldwide releases, track four is "Given the Dog a Bone".[45][46] On some albums, particularly Australian releases, it is sometimes shown as either "Givin' the Dog a Bone" or "Giving the Dog a Bone".[47]
Personnel[edit]
Brian Johnson – lead vocals
Angus Young – lead guitar
Malcolm Young – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
Cliff Williams – bass guitar, backing vocals
Phil Rudd – drums
Production[edit]
Robert John "Mutt" Lange – production
Tony Platt – assistant engineering
Benji Armbrister – assistant engineering
Jack Newber – assistant engineering
Brad Samuelsohn – mixing
Bob Ludwig – mastering (original LP)
Barry Diament – mastering (original CD releases)
Ted Jensen – remastering (EMI/Atco reissue)
George Marino – remastering (Epic reissue)
Bob Defrin – art direction
Robert Ellis – photography
Charts and certifications[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Year
Chart
Peak
position
1980 Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria)[48] 6
France (IFOP)[49] 1
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)[50] 3
Dutch Albums (MegaCharts)[51] 27
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)[52] 43
Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)[53] 18
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)[54] 12
UK Albums (OCC)[55] 1
US Billboard 200[56] 4
1981 Australia (Kent Music Report)[57] 1
Canada Top Albums/CDs (RPM)[58] 1
Italy (FIMI)[59] 17
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)[52] 25
1982 New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)[52] 24
1991 New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)[52] 31
2001 Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)[53] 39
2002 Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)[53] 29
2003 France (IFOP)[60] 1
Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)[53] 27
Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)[61] 53
2004 Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)[53] 33
2005 Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)[53] 8
Spanish Albums (PROMUSICAE)[62] 33
2007 Finnish Albums (Suomen virallinen lista)[63] 21
Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)[53] 19
Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)[61] 50
2008 Danish Albums (Hitlisten)[64] 31
Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)[53] 33
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)[54] 43
Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)[61] 36
2009 Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria)[48] 37
Danish Albums (Hitlisten)[64] 27
Finnish Albums (Suomen virallinen lista)[63] 9
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)[54] 26
2010 Australian Albums (ARIA)[65] 44
Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)[61] 82
US Billboard Top Pop Catalog[56] 1
2011 French Albums (SNEP)[66] 160
2012 French Albums (SNEP)[66] 126
Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)[53] 38
Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)[61] 88
US Billboard 200[56] 4
US Billboard Top Digital Albums[56] 18
US Billboard Top Pop Catalog[56] 1
2013 US Billboard 200[56] 4
US Billboard Top Pop Catalog[56] 1
2014 Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria)[48] 61
Finnish Albums (Suomen virallinen lista)[63] 33
French Albums (SNEP)[66] 160
US Billboard 200[56] 4
US Billboard Top Pop Catalog[56] 1
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1980)
Position
Canada Top Albums/CDs (RPM)[67] 47
France (IFOP)[49] 2
Chart (1981)
Position
Canada Top Albums/CDs (RPM)[68] 9
Italy (FIMI)[59] 48
Sales and certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Argentina (CAPIF)[69]
Platinum 60,000^
Australia (ARIA)[70]
12× Platinum 840,000^
Austria (IFPI Austria)[71]
Platinum 50,000*
Canada (Music Canada)[72]
Diamond 1,000,000^
France (SNEP)[73]
2× Platinum 1,394,900[44]
Germany (BVMI)[74]
2× Platinum 1,000,000^
Italy (FIMI)[75]
2× Platinum 200,000*
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[76]
Gold 50,000^
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[77]
2× Platinum 100,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[78]
Platinum 300,000^
United States (RIAA)[79]
22× Platinum 22,000,000^
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
See also[edit]
Back in Black Tour
List of best-selling albums
List of best-selling albums in Australia
List of best-selling albums in France
List of best-selling albums in the United States
List of diamond-certified albums in Canada
List of number-one albums in Australia during the 1980s
List of Top 25 albums for 1980 in Australia
List of Canadian number-one albums of 1981
List of UK Albums Chart number ones of the 1980s
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Bibliography[edit]
Engleheart, Murray; Durieux, Arnaud (2008). AC/DC: Maximum Rock & Roll. Harper Entertainment. ISBN 0-06-113391-4.
[hide]
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t
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AC/DC
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Chris Slade
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Studio albums
High Voltage
T.N.T.
High Voltage (International)
Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap
Let There Be Rock
Powerage
Highway to Hell
Back in Black
For Those About to Rock We Salute You
Flick of the Switch
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Ballbreaker
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Rock or Bust
Compilations
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Bonfire
Volts
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Live albums
If You Want Blood You've Got It
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Let There Be Rock: The Movie – Live in Paris
Live at River Plate
Soundtracks
Who Made Who
Iron Man 2
Video albums
AC/DC: Let There Be Rock
Fly on the Wall
Who Made Who
AC/DC
Clipped
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For Those About to Rock
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Stiff Upper Lip Live
Family Jewels
Plug Me In
Live at River Plate
Tours
If You Want Blood Tour
Highway to Hell Tour
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Four Weddings and a Funeral
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Four Weddings and a Funeral
UK theatrical release poster
Directed by
Mike Newell
Produced by
Duncan Kenworthy
Written by
Richard Curtis
Starring
Hugh Grant
Andie MacDowell
Kristin Scott Thomas
Simon Callow
James Fleet
John Hannah
Charlotte Coleman
David Bower
Corin Redgrave
Rowan Atkinson
Music by
Richard Rodney Bennett
Cinematography
Michael Coulter
Edited by
Jon Gregory
Production
company
PolyGram Filmed Entertainment
Channel Four Films
Working Title Films
Distributed by
Rank Film Distributors
Release date
20 January 1994 (1994-01-20) (Sundance Festival)
13 May 1994 (1994-05-13) (UK)
Running time
117 minutes
Country
United Kingdom
Language
English
British Sign Language
Budget
£2.8 million
Box office
$245.7 million[1]
Four Weddings and a Funeral is a 1994 British romantic comedy film directed by Mike Newell. It was the first of several films by screenwriter Richard Curtis to feature Hugh Grant, and follows the adventures of Charles (Grant) and his circle of friends through a number of social occasions as they each encounter romance. Andie MacDowell stars as Charles' love interest Carrie, with Kristin Scott Thomas, James Fleet, Simon Callow, John Hannah, Charlotte Coleman, David Bower, Corin Redgrave and Rowan Atkinson in supporting roles.
It was made in six weeks and cost under £3 million,[2] becoming an unexpected success and the highest-grossing British film in cinema history at the time, with worldwide box office in excess of $245.7 million, and receiving Academy Award nominations for Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay. In addition to this, Grant won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy and the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, and the film also won the BAFTA Awards Best Film, Best Direction and Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Scott Thomas.
In 1999, Four Weddings and a Funeral placed 23rd on the British Film Institute's 100 greatest British films of the 20th century. In 2017 a poll of 150 actors, directors, writers, producers and critics for Time Out magazine ranked it the 74th best British film ever.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Music
5 Reception
5.1 Critical response
5.2 Box office
6 Accolades
6.1 Wins
6.2 Nominations
6.3 Recognition
7 Television series
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Plot[edit]
The film follows the adventures of a group of friends through the eyes of Charles, a good-natured but socially awkward man living in London, who becomes smitten with Carrie, an American whom Charles keeps meeting at four weddings and a funeral.
The first wedding is in Somerset and is that of Angus and Laura, at which Charles is the best man. Charles and his single friends wonder whether they will ever get married. Charles meets Carrie and spends the night with her. Carrie pretends that, now they have slept together, they will have to get married, to which Charles endeavours to respond before realising she is joking. Carrie observes that they may have missed an opportunity and then returns to America.
The second wedding is that of Bernard and Lydia, a couple who became romantically involved at the previous wedding. Charles encounters Carrie again, but she introduces him to her fiancé, Sir Hamish Banks, a wealthy politician. At the reception, Charles finds himself seated with several ex-girlfriends who relate embarrassing stories about his inability to be discreet and afterwards bumps into Henrietta, known among Charles' friends as "Duckface", with whom he had a particularly difficult relationship. Charles retreats to an empty hotel suite, seeing Carrie and Hamish leave in a taxicab, only to be trapped in a cupboard after the newlyweds stumble into the room to have sex. After Charles awkwardly exits the room, Henrietta confronts him about his habit of "serial monogamy", telling him he is afraid of letting anyone get too close to him. Charles then runs into Carrie, and they end up spending another night together.
A month later, Charles receives an invitation to Carrie's wedding. While shopping for a present, he coincidentally encounters Carrie and ends up helping her select her wedding dress. Carrie lists her more than thirty sexual partners. Charles later awkwardly tries confessing his love to her and hinting that he would like to have a relationship with her, to no avail.
The third wedding is that of Carrie and Hamish. Charles attends, depressed at the prospect of Carrie marrying Hamish. At the reception, Gareth instructs his friends to seek potential mates; Fiona's brother, Tom, stumbles through an attempt to connect with a woman until she reveals that she is the minister's wife, while Charles's flatmate, Scarlett, strikes up a conversation with an American named Chester. As Charles watches Carrie and Hamish dance, Fiona deduces his feelings about Carrie. When Charles asks why Fiona is not married, she confesses that she has loved Charles since they first met years earlier. Charles is appreciative and empathetic but does not requite her love. During the groom's toast, Gareth dies of a heart attack.
At Gareth's funeral, his partner Matthew recites the poem "Funeral Blues" by W. H. Auden, commemorating his relationship with Gareth. Charles and Tom discuss whether hoping to find your "one true love" is just a futile effort and ponder that, while their clique have always viewed themselves as proud to be single, Gareth and Matthew were a "married" couple all the while.
The fourth wedding is ten months later. Charles has decided to marry Henrietta. However, shortly before the ceremony, Carrie arrives, revealing to Charles that she and Hamish are separated. Charles has a crisis of confidence, which he reveals to his deaf brother David and Matthew. During the ceremony, when the vicar asks whether anyone knows a reason why the couple should not marry, David, who was reading the vicar's lips, asks Charles to translate for him, and says in sign language that he suspects the groom loves someone else. The vicar asks whether Charles does love someone else, and Charles replies, "I do." Henrietta punches Charles and the wedding is halted.
Carrie visits Charles to apologise for attending the wedding. Charles confesses that, while standing at the altar, he realised that for the first time in his life he totally and utterly loved one person, "and it wasn't the person standing next to me in the veil." Charles makes a proposal of lifelong commitment without marriage to Carrie, who accepts.
Henrietta marries an officer in the Grenadier Guards; David marries his girlfriend Serena; Scarlett marries Chester; Tom marries his distant cousin Deirdre (whom he met, for the second time in 25 years, at Charles's wedding); Matthew finds a new partner; Fiona marries Prince Charles; and Charles and Carrie have a young son.
Cast[edit]
Hugh Grant as Charles
Andie MacDowell as Carrie
James Fleet as Tom
Simon Callow as Gareth
John Hannah as Matthew
Kristin Scott Thomas as Fiona
David Bower as David
Charlotte Coleman as Scarlett
Timothy Walker as Angus
Sara Crowe as Laura
Rowan Atkinson as Father Gerald
David Haig as Bernard
Sophie Thompson as Lydia
Corin Redgrave as Sir Hamish Banks
Anna Chancellor as Henrietta
Production[edit]
The film was shot mainly in London and the Home Counties, including Hampstead, Islington where the final moments take place on Highbury Terrace, Greenwich Hospital, Betchworth in Surrey, Amersham in Buckinghamshire, St Bartholomew-the-Great (wedding number four) and West Thurrock in Essex.[4] Exterior shots of guests arriving for the funeral were filmed in Thurrock, Essex overlooking the River Thames with the backdrop of the Dartford River Crossing and at stately homes in Bedfordshire (Luton Hoo for wedding two's reception) and Hampshire.[5]
Music[edit]
The original score was composed by British composer Richard Rodney Bennett. The movie also featured a soundtrack of popular songs, including a cover version of The Troggs' "Love Is All Around" performed by Wet Wet Wet that remained at number 1 on the UK Singles Chart for fifteen weeks and was then the ninth (now twelfth) biggest selling single of all time in Britain. This song would later be adapted into "Christmas Is All Around" and sung by the character of Billy Mack in Richard Curtis' 2003 film Love Actually, in which Grant also stars.
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
The film was very well received with critics, currently holding a 95% "Certified Fresh" approval on reviews aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, with the site's consensus stating, "While frothy to a fault, Four Weddings and a Funeral features irresistibly breezy humor, and winsome performances from Hugh Grant and Andie MacDowell."[6] Film critic Roger Ebert gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, calling it "delightful and sly", and directed with "light-hearted enchantment" by Newell. He praised Grant's performance, describing it as a kind of "endearing awkwardness".[7]
The film had its detractors. Writing for the Chicago Reader, Jonathan Rosenbaum called the film "generic" and "standard issue", stating that the audience shouldn't "expect to remember it ten minutes later".[8] Time magazine writer Richard Corliss was less scathing, but agreed that it was forgettable, saying that people would "forget all about [the movie] by the time they leave the multiplex," even joking at the end of his review that he had forgotten the film's name.[9] The character of Carrie was voted one of the most annoying film characters of all time in a British online poll.[10]
Box office[edit]
The film earned £27.8 million in the United Kingdom.[11] Upon its North American limited release on 11 March 1994, Four Weddings and a Funeral opened with $138,486 in five theatres.[12] But upon its wide release on 15 April 1994, the film topped the box office with $4,162,489.[13] The film would continue to gross $52.7 million in North America with an additional $193 million internationally, earning $245.7 million worldwide.[1]
Accolades[edit]
Wins[edit]
BAFTA Awards
Best Film
Best Direction (Mike Newell)
Best Actor (Hugh Grant)
Best Supporting Actress (Kristin Scott Thomas)
Australian Film Institute
Best Foreign Film
British Comedy Awards
Best Comedy Film
César Awards
César Award for Best Foreign Film
Chicago Film Critics
Most Promising Actor (Hugh Grant)
Evening Standard Awards
Best Actress (Kristin Scott Thomas)
Best Screenplay (Richard Curtis)
Golden Globe Awards
Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy (Hugh Grant)
London Film Awards
British Film of the Year
British Director of the Year (Mike Newell)
British Producer of the Year (Duncan Kenworthy)
British Screenwriter of the Year (Richard Curtis)
Writers Guild of America Award
Best Original Screenplay (Richard Curtis)
Writers' Guild of Great Britain
Film – Screenplay (Richard Curtis)
Nominations[edit]
Academy Awards
Best Picture (lost to Forrest Gump)
Best Original Screenplay – Richard Curtis (lost to Quentin Tarantino and Roger Avary for Pulp Fiction)
BAFTA Awards
Best Film Music – Richard Rodney Bennett (lost to Backbeat)
Best Original Screenplay – Richard Curtis (lost to Quentin Tarantino and Roger Avary for Pulp Fiction)
Best Supporting Actor – Simon Callow (lost to Samuel L. Jackson for Pulp Fiction)
Best Supporting Actor – John Hannah (lost to Samuel L. Jackson for Pulp Fiction)
Best Supporting Actress – Charlotte Coleman (lost to Kristin Scott Thomas for this film)
Directors Guild of America Award
Outstanding Directoring – Feature Film – Mike Newell (lost to Robert Zemeckis for Forrest Gump)
Golden Globe Awards
Best Musical or Comedy (lost to The Lion King)
Best Screenplay – Richard Curtis (lost to Quentin Tarantino and Roger Avary for Pulp Fiction)
Best Actress in a Musical or Comedy – Andie MacDowell (lost to Jamie Lee Curtis for True Lies)
Recognition[edit]
The film was voted the 27th greatest comedy film of all time by readers of Total Film in 2000. In 2004, the same magazine named it the 34th greatest British film of all time. It is number 96 on Bravo's "100 Funniest Movies".
Television series[edit]
It was reported in November 2017 that writer/director Richard Curtis was developing an anthology television series based upon the film with producers including Mindy Kaling and Matt Warburton for streaming service Hulu.[14]
See also[edit]
BFI Top 100 British films
Notting Hill (1999), also written by Curtis and starring Grant
Love Actually (2003), another film by Curtis starring Grant and Atkinson
Black Versace dress of Elizabeth Hurley, worn by Hurley to the film's premiere
List of films featuring the deaf and hard of hearing
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994). Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
Jump up ^ BBC Radio 4 – The Reunion – Four Weddings and a Funeral, 13 April 2014
Jump up ^ "The 100 best British films". Time Out. Retrieved 26 October 2017
Jump up ^ "The Making of Four Weddings and a Funeral". Empire. June 1994. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Filming Locations for Four Weddings and a Funeral. Movie-locations.com. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Four Weddings and a Funeral at Rotten Tomatoes
Jump up ^ Four Weddings And A Funeral :: rogerebert.com :: Reviews. Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Four Weddings and a Funeral. Chicago Reader. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
Jump up ^ CINEMA: Four Weddings and a Funeral: Well Groomed. Time (14 March 1994). Retrieved 16 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Handy, Bruce (19 May 1999), "The Daring Genesis of J.J. Abrams's Star Wars: The Force Awakens", Vanity Fair (June 2015), retrieved 7 November 2015
Jump up ^ "Top Films of All Time at the UK Box Office" (PDF). British Film Institute. April 2016. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
Jump up ^ Weekend Box Office Results for 11–13 March 1994. Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Weekend Box Office Results for 15–17 April 1994. Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (1 November 2017). "'Four Weddings And a Funeral' Anthology Series From Mindy Kaling In Works At Hulu". Deadline. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Four Weddings and a Funeral
Four Weddings and a Funeral in the British Film Institute's "Explore film..." database
Four Weddings and a Funeral on IMDb
Four Weddings and a Funeral at the TCM Movie Database
Four Weddings and a Funeral at AllMovie
Four Weddings and a Funeral at Box Office Mojo
Four Weddings and a Funeral at Rotten Tomatoes
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Grace and Frankie
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Grace and Frankie
Genre
Comedy
Created by
Marta Kauffman
Howard J. Morris
Starring
Jane Fonda
Lily Tomlin
Sam Waterston
Martin Sheen
Brooklyn Decker
Ethan Embry
June Diane Raphael
Baron Vaughn
Opening theme
"Stuck in the Middle with You"
performed by Grace Potter
Composer(s)
Sam KS
Michael Skloff
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
4
No. of episodes
52 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Marta Kauffman
Howard J. Morris
Jane Fonda
Lily Tomlin
Tate Taylor (pilot)
Paula Weinstein
Dana Goldberg
David Ellison
Marcy Ross
Alexa Junge
Location(s)
Los Angeles, California
Cinematography
Gale Tattersall
Editor(s)
Lisa Zeno Churgin
Michael Jablow
Sarah Lucky
Camera setup
Single-camera
Running time
25–35 minutes
Production company(s)
Okay Goodnight
Skydance Television
Distributor
Netflix
Release
Original network
Netflix
Picture format
4K (Ultra HD)
Original release
May 8, 2015 (2015-05-08) – present
External links
Official website
Grace and Frankie is an American comedy web television series created by Marta Kauffman and Howard J. Morris for Netflix. The series stars Jane Fonda and Lily Tomlin (who previously starred in the 1980 film 9 to 5) in the title roles of Grace and Frankie, two unlikely friends who are brought together after their husbands announce that they are in love and plan to get married. Sam Waterston, Martin Sheen, Brooklyn Decker, Ethan Embry, June Diane Raphael, and Baron Vaughn co-star in supporting roles. It premiered on Netflix on May 8, 2015, with all 13 episodes of the first season released simultaneously. The second, third, and fourth seasons, also consisting of 13 episodes each, have been released on May 6, 2016, March 24, 2017, and January 19, 2018, respectively.
Despite mixed reviews upon its debut, the series was met with a more positive critical reception towards its later seasons and has received several nominations, including four Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series and a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy.
On February 15, 2018, Grace and Frankie was renewed for a fifth season.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Premise
2 Cast
2.1 Main
2.2 Recurring
3 Episodes
4 Production and development
4.1 Casting
4.2 Filming
5 Reception
5.1 Accolades
5.2 Controversy
6 References
7 External links
Premise[edit]
The series follows Grace, a retired cosmetics mogul, and Frankie, a hippie art teacher, whose husbands, Robert and Sol, are successful divorce lawyers in San Diego. Grace and Frankie's lives are turned upside down when Robert and Sol announce that they are in love with each other and are leaving their wives. Now, the women, who have never particularly liked each other, are forced to live together and learn to unite and cope with difficulties.
Cast[edit]
Main[edit]
Jane Fonda as Grace Hanson, a retired cosmetics mogul
Lily Tomlin as Frances "Frankie" Bergstein (née Mengela), a hippie art teacher
Martin Sheen as Robert Hanson, a successful divorce lawyer and Grace's former husband who later becomes Sol's husband
Sam Waterston as Sol Bergstein, a successful divorce lawyer and Frankie's former husband who later becomes Robert's husband
June Diane Raphael as Brianna Hanson, older daughter of Grace and Robert, head of the company founded and once run by Grace
Baron Vaughn as Nwabudike "Bud" Bergstein, son of Frankie and Sol, and also a lawyer at Robert & Sol's firm
Brooklyn Decker as Mallory Hanson, younger daughter of Grace and Robert, a wife and mother of four children
Ethan Embry as Coyote Bergstein, son of Frankie and Sol, a substitute teacher and recovering addict
RuPaul as TBA (Season 5)
Recurring[edit]
Actor
Character
Season
1
2
3
4
Ernie Hudson Jacob Recurring
Brittany Ishibashi Erica Guest Recurring Guest
Geoff Stults Mitch Recurring Guest
Tim Bagley Peter Recurring Guest Recurring
Peter Cambor Barry Recurring Guest Recurring
Craig T. Nelson Guy Recurring
Michael Charles Roman Adam Guest Recurring Guest Recurring
Marsha Mason Arlene Guest Recurring
Swoosie Kurtz Janet Guest Guest
Lindsey Kraft Allison Giampietro-Smikowitz Recurring
Megan Ferguson Nadia Guest Recurring
Peter Gallagher Nick Skolka Recurring
Jack Plotnick Paul Recurring
Lisa Kudrow Sheree Recurring
Talia Shire Teddie Recurring
Sam Elliott Phil Milstein Recurring
Mark Deklin Roy Recurring
Carrie Preston Krystle Guest
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of Grace and Frankie episodes
Season
Episodes
Originally released
1 13 May 8, 2015 (2015-05-08)
2 13 May 6, 2016 (2016-05-06)
3 13 March 24, 2017 (2017-03-24)
4 13 January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)
Production and development[edit]
In March 2014, Netflix finalized a deal for a 13-episode straight-to-series order for Grace and Frankie, with Jane Fonda and Lily Tomlin attached to star in the lead roles. The series was written and created by Marta Kauffman and Howard J. Morris, who also serve as executive producers alongside Fonda, Tomlin, Paula Weinstein and Tate Taylor, and Skydance Productions' Dana Goldberg, David Ellison and Marcy Ross.[2]
On May 26, 2015, Netflix renewed the series for a second season[3] which premiered on May 6, 2016.[4]
On December 10, 2016, the series was renewed for a third season[5] which premiered on March 24, 2017.[6]
On April 12, 2017, the series was renewed for a fourth season, which premiered on January 19, 2018.[7][8]
On February 15, 2018, the series was renewed for a fifth season, with RuPaul announced to guest star as a rival of Grace & Frankie.[1]
Casting[edit]
Casting announcements began in June 2014, with Martin Sheen cast in the role of Robert, Grace's husband.[9] The following month, Sam Waterston was cast in the role of Sol, Frankie's husband.[10] June Diane Raphael and Baron Vaughn were then added to the cast, with Raphael cast in the role of Brianna, Grace and Robert's elder daughter, who rebels against Grace's decorum. Vaughn signed onto the role of Nwabudike, Frankie and Sol's son.[11] Shortly afterwards, Ethan Embry and Brooklyn Decker were cast in the remaining roles on the series. Embry joined in the role of Coyote, Frankie and Sol's recovering drug addicted son, while Decker signed onto the role of Mallory, Grace and Robert's younger daughter.[12] In October 2015, it was announced Sam Elliott would appear in the second season as Grace's love interest.[13] In April 2017, it was reported that Lisa Kudrow will appear in the fourth season as Sheree, Grace's manicurist.[7] In February 2018, the same day as the fifth season was commissioned, RuPaul was confirmed to appear in the fifth season as a rival of Grace and Frankie.[1]
Filming[edit]
Production on season one of Grace and Frankie began in Los Angeles, California, in early August 2014, and ended in late November.[14] Production on season two of the series began in July 2015, and ended in November the same year.[15][16]
Reception[edit]
The first season of Grace and Frankie received mixed reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes it has a rating of 50%, based on 32 reviews, with an average rating of 6.2/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Grace and Frankie's stellar cast adds an undeniable appeal, although its sloppy dialogue and clichéd sitcom setup will still leave most viewers wanting."[17] On Metacritic the season has a score of 58 out of 100, based on 27 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[18]
The second season received a more positive reception from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a rating of 89%, based on 9 reviews, with an average rating of 7.2/10.[19] On Metacritic, the season has a score of 62 out of 100, based on 6 critics, indicating "generally favourable reviews".[20] Jasef Wisener of TVOvermind gave the second season a 4.5/5, calling it "heartfelt and hilarious" and "a huge improvement over the sometimes sluggish first season." [21]
The third season received critical acclaim. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a rating of 100%, based on 5 reviews, with an average rating of 7.5/10.[22]
Accolades[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Ref.
2015 67th Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series Lily Tomlin Nominated [23]
20th Satellite Awards Best Actress in a Musical or Comedy Series Lily Tomlin Nominated [24]
73rd Golden Globe Awards Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy Lily Tomlin Nominated [25]
Dorian Awards TV Comedy of the Year Nominated [26]
TV Performance of the Year – Actress Jane Fonda Nominated
TV Performance of the Year – Actress Lily Tomlin Nominated
LBGTQ TV Show of the Year Nominated
27th GLAAD Media Awards Outstanding Comedy Series Nominated [27]
19th OFTA Awards Best Comedy Series Nominated [28]
Best Actress in a Comedy Series Jane Fonda Won
Best Actress in a Comedy Series Lily Tomlin Nominated
Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series Sam Waterston Nominated
Best Ensemble in a Comedy Series Nominated
Best Direction in a Comedy Series Nominated
Best Writing in a Comedy Series Nominated
2016 68th Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series Lily Tomlin Nominated [29]
[30]
Outstanding Costumes for a Contemporary Series, Limited Series, or Movie Allyson Fanger, Lori DeLapp Nominated
23rd Screen Actors Guild Awards Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series Jane Fonda Nominated [31]
Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series Lily Tomlin Nominated
Costume Designers Guild Awards Outstanding Contemporary Television Series Allyson B. Fanger Nominated [32]
28th GLAAD Media Awards Outstanding Comedy Series Nominated [33]
Artios Awards Outstanding Achievement in Casting - Television Pilot - Comedy Tracy Lilienfield, Emily Towler Nominated [34]
20th OFTA Awards Best Actress in a Comedy Series Jane Fonda Nominated [35]
Best Actress in a Comedy Series Lily Tomlin Nominated
Best Ensemble in a Comedy Series Nominated
2017 69th Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series Jane Fonda Nominated [36]
Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series Lily Tomlin Nominated
Outstanding Costumes for a Contemporary Series, Limited Series, or Movie
Designers[show]
Allyson B. Fanger, Heather Pain, Lori DeLapp
Nominated
Outstanding Production Design for a Narrative Program (Half-Hour or Less)
Designers[show]
Devorah Herbert, Ben Edelberg, Christopher Carlson
Nominated
2018 24th Screen Actors Guild Awards Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series Jane Fonda Nominated [31]
Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series Lily Tomlin Nominated
Controversy[edit]
After the show's release, Tomlin and Fonda expressed displeasure once it became public that their salaries were just equal to those of Sheen and Waterston, even though "the show is not 'Sol and Robert', it's 'Grace and Frankie,'" in the words of Lily Tomlin,[37] and contended this constituted a significant pay inequity. Shortly thereafter, Sheen and Waterston went on the record to support their co-stars' demands for a salary increase, with Waterston being quoted as saying: "I think they're being cheated".[38] After fans of the show gathered nearly 200,000 signatures on a petition protesting the disparity, the two actresses issued a public statement backing away from criticism, saying: "This just reminds us to be mindful of how things come across in interviews. We appreciate everyone's support and the attention to this issue, but the structure of Grace and Frankie is fair, and we couldn't be happier to work with Skydance, Netflix and the great cast of this show."[39] Fonda and Tomlin made a statement to The Wrap that they were never unhappy with the salaries to start with and that they had "made a joke in an interview about our salaries, which was taken out of context."[39]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Erik, Pedersen (February 14, 2018). "'Grace And Frankie' Renewed For Season 5 On Netflix; RuPaul To Guest Star". Deadline.com. Retrieved February 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Jane Fonda and Lily Tomlin Back Together Again in "Grace and Frankie," A New Original Comedy Series on Netflix". The Futon Critic. March 19, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ "'Grace And Frankie' Renewed For Season 2 By Netflix". Deadline.com. May 26, 2015. Retrieved May 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ de Moraes, Lisa (January 17, 2016). "Netflix Unveils Premiere Dates For 'Orange Is The New Black,' 'The Get Down,' 'Flaked' And Others". Deadline.com. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ Wagmeister, Elizabeth (December 10, 2015). "Netflix Renews 'Grace and Frankie' for Season 3". Variety.com. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (February 8, 2017). "'Grace And Frankie' Gets Season 3 Premiere Date On Netflix & Teaser". Deadline.
^ Jump up to: a b Otterson, Joe (April 12, 2017). "'Grace and Frankie' Renewed for Season 4 at Netflix, Adds Lisa Kudrow". Variety.com. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ Moore, Kasey (April 12, 2017). "Grace and Frankie Season 4: Official Renewal Status and Release Date". whats-on-netflix.com. Retrieved April 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ng, Philiana; Goldberg, Lesley (June 18, 2014). "Martin Sheen to Star in Netflix's Jane Fonda-Lily Tomlin Comedy (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved August 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ Thomas, Kaitlin (July 7, 2014). "Sam Waterston and Jane Fonda Reunite for Netflix's Grace and Frankie". TV Guide. Retrieved August 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ "June Diane Raphael & Baron Vaughn Join Netflix Comedy 'Grace & Frankie'". Deadline.com. July 17, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Development Update: Tuesday, July 29". The Futon Critic. July 29, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ Fonda, Jane (October 19, 2015). "Grace & Frankie nearing end of Season 2". JaneFonda.com. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Starting the New Series, Grace & Frankie, with Lily Tomlin, Martin Sheen & Sam Waterston". JaneFonda.com. August 17, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Gearing Up for Grace and Frankie Season II". JaneFonda.com. July 2, 2015. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Last day on Season II of Grace & Frankie". JaneFonda.com. November 13, 2015. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Grace and Frankie: Season 1 (2015)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved July 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Grace and Frankie: Season 1 reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved July 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Grace and Frankie: Season 2 (2016)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Grace and Frankie: Season 2 reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Wisener, Jasef (May 18, 2016). "Grace and Frankie Season 2 Review". TVOvermind. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Grace and Frankie: Season 3 (2017)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved April 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Emmy Awards 2015: The complete winners list". CNN.com. September 21, 2015. Retrieved September 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Satellite Awards (2015)". International Press Academy. IPA. December 2, 2015. pressacademy.com. Retrieved December 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ Lang, Brent (December 10, 2015). "2016 Golden Globes: Lady Gaga, Transparent and Orange Is the New Black Leads the Race". Variety. Retrieved 2015-12-27.
Jump up ^ "GALECA 2015/16 DORIAN AWARDS". GALECA. 2016. Archived from the original on 2017-01-18.
Jump up ^ "2016/01/2016-glaad-media-award-nominations". vulture.com. Retrieved 2016-01-27.
Jump up ^ "19th Annual TV Awards (2014-15)". Online Film & Television Association. Retrieved October 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Anthony Anderson and Lauren Graham to Announce Emmy Nominations". Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. June 21, 2016. Retrieved June 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Nominations for the 68th Primetime Emmy Awards". Los Angeles Times. July 14, 2016. Retrieved July 15, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b https://variety.com/2016/film/news/2017-sag-awards-nominations-nominees-list-1201941897/
Jump up ^ "Outstanding Contemporary TV Series". costumedesignersguild.com. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "GLAAD Media Awards Nominees #glaadawards". GLAAD. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
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Jump up ^ http://www.emmys.com/awards/nominations/award-search?search_api_views_fulltext=Grace+and+Frankie&submit=Search&field_celebrity_details_field_display_name=&field_show_details_field_nominee_show_nr_title=&field_show_details_field_network=All&field_show_details_field_production_company=All&field_nominations_year=1949-01-01+00%3A00%3A00&field_nominations_year_1=2017-01-01+00%3A00%3A00&field_award_category=All
Jump up ^ Kang, Inkoo. "Jane Fonda and Lily Tomlin Go Public About Their Unfair 'Grace and Frankie' Paychecks". Women and Hollywood. Indiewire.com. Retrieved June 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ Vanmetre, Elizabeth (May 11, 2015). "Martin Sheen, Sam Waterston agree 'Grace and Frankie', stars Jane Fonda and Lily Tomlin deserve pay raise". New York Daily News. Retrieved June 10, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Gennis, Sadie. "Jane Fonda and Lily Tomlin Say They're Okay with Grace and Frankie Gender Pay Disparity". TV Guide. CBS Interactive Inc. Retrieved June 10, 2015.
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