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Slave Trade Act 1807
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For the American statute passed in the same year, see Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves.
Abolition of the Slave Trade Act 1807
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Long title
An Act for the Abolition of the Slave Trade
Citation
47 Geo III Sess. 1 c. 36
Introduced by
Charles James Fox
Territorial extent
British Empire
Dates
Royal assent
25 March 1807
Status: Repealed
William Wilberforce, the leader of the British campaign to abolish the slave trade
"Am I Not a Man and a Brother?" medallion created as part of anti-slavery campaign by Josiah Wedgwood, 1787
The Slave Trade Act 1807, officially the Abolition of the Slave Trade Act 1807,[1] abolished the slave trade in the British Empire, in particular the Atlantic slave trade, and also encouraged British action to press other European states to abolish their slave trades, but it did not abolish slavery itself. The United States, another major power involved in the Atlantic slave trade, passed the comparable Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves that same month, taking effect on 1 January 1808.
The act was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed on 25 March 1807, with the title of "An Act for the Abolition of the Slave Trade". The original act is in the Parliamentary Archives.
Many of the supporters thought the Act would lead to the death of slavery, but it was not until 26 years later that slavery itself was actually abolished.[2] Slavery on English soil was unsupported in English law and that position was confirmed in Somersett's Case in 1772, but it remained legal in most of the British Empire until the Slavery Abolition Act 1833.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Other nations
3 Enforcement
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Background[edit]
The Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade was formed in 1787 by a group of Evangelical English Protestants allied with Quakers, to unite in their shared opposition to slavery and the slave trade. The Quakers had long viewed slavery as immoral, a blight upon humanity. By 1807 the abolitionist groups had a very sizable faction of like-minded members in the British Parliament. At their height they controlled 35–40 seats. Known as the "Saints", the alliance was led by the best known of the anti-slave trade campaigners, William Wilberforce, who had taken on the cause of abolition in 1787 after having read the evidence that Thomas Clarkson had amassed against the trade.[3] These dedicated Parliamentarians had access to the legal draughtsmanship of James Stephen, Wilberforce's brother-in-law. They often saw their personal battle against slavery as a divinely ordained crusade. On Sunday, 28 October 1787, Wilberforce wrote in his diary: "God Almighty has set before me two great objects, the suppression of the slave trade and the reformation of manners."[4]
Their numbers were magnified by the precarious position of the government under Lord Grenville, whose short term as Prime Minister was known as the Ministry of All the Talents. Grenville himself led the fight to pass the Bill in the House of Lords, while in the Commons the Bill was led by the Foreign Secretary, Lord Howick (Charles Grey, later Earl Grey).[5] Other events also played a part; the Act of Union brought 100 Irish MPs into Parliament, most of whom supported abolition.[6] The Bill was first introduced to Parliament in January 1807. It went to the House of Commons on 10 February 1807. On 23 February 1807, twenty years after he first began his crusade, Wilberforce and his team were rewarded with victory. By an overwhelming 283 votes for to 16 against, the motion to abolish the Atlantic slave trade was carried in the House of Commons.[3] The debate lasted ten hours and the House voted in favour of the Bill. The Bill received Royal Assent on 25 March 1807.[7]
Other nations[edit]
Britain used its international strength to put pressure on other nations to end their own slave trade.[8] The United States acted to abolish its Atlantic slave trade the same month on 2 March (but not its internal slave trade). Article 1, Section 9, Clause 1 of the United States Constitution forbade the closing of the slave trade for twenty years, until 1808. The long planned law, was actually passed a year earlier on March 2, 1807, and with the economic incentives of the slave trade coming to its predicted end, there was both a spike number of slaves being traded and a unification of political factions against the trade.[9] In 1805 a British Order-in-Council had restricted the importation of slaves into colonies that had been captured from France and the Netherlands.[10] Britain continued to press other nations to end their trade with a series of treaties: the 1810 Anglo-Portuguese treaty whereby Portugal agreed to restrict its trade into its colonies; the 1813 Anglo-Swedish treaty whereby Sweden outlawed its slave trade; the 1814 Treaty of Paris whereby France agreed with Britain that the slave trade was "repugnant to the principles of natural justice" and agreed to abolish the slave trade in five years; the 1814 Anglo-Dutch treaty whereby the Netherlands outlawed its slave trade and the 1817 Anglo-Spanish treaty that Spain agreed to suppress its trade by 1820.[10]
Enforcement[edit]
Main article: Blockade of Africa
The Act created fines for captains who continued with the trade. These fines could be up to £100 per enslaved person found on a ship. Captains would sometimes dump captives overboard when they saw Navy ships coming in order to avoid these fines.[11]
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The Royal Navy, which then controlled the world's seas, established the West Africa Squadron in 1808 to patrol the coast of West Africa, and between 1808 and 1860 they seized approximately 1,600 slave ships and freed 150,000 Africans who were aboard.[12] The Royal Navy declared that ships transporting slaves were the same as pirates. Action was also taken against African leaders who refused to agree to British treaties to outlaw the trade, for example against "the usurping King of Lagos", who was deposed in 1851. Anti-slavery treaties were signed with over 50 African rulers.[13]
In the 1860s, David Livingstone's reports of atrocities within the Arab slave trade in Africa stirred up the interest of the British public, reviving the flagging abolitionist movement. The Royal Navy throughout the 1870s attempted to suppress "this abominable Eastern trade", at Zanzibar in particular. In 1890 Britain handed control of the strategically important island of Heligoland in the North Sea to Germany in return for control of Zanzibar, in part to help enforce the ban on slave trading.[14][15]
See also[edit]
Amazing Grace (2006), a film that portrays the campaign to pass the Act.
Act Against Slavery, equivalent Act of the Parliament of Upper Canada in 1793.
Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves, an equivalent act of Congress in the United States.
Slave Trade Acts
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Abolition of the Slave Trade. The National Archives.
Jump up ^ "Mar 2, 1807: Congress abolishes the African slave trade", This Day in History.
^ Jump up to: a b William Wilberforce (1759–1833)
Jump up ^ Cox, Jeffrey (2008). The British Mmissionary Enterprise Since 1700. London: Routledge. p. 90. ISBN 9780415090049.
Jump up ^ "Slave Trade Abolition Bill". Hansard. 10 February 1807.
Jump up ^ "The 1807 Act and its effects", The Abolition project.
Jump up ^ "Parliament abolishes the slave trade", Parliament and the British Slave Trade.
Jump up ^ Falola, Toyin; Warnock, Amanda (2007). Encyclopedia of the middle passage. Greenwood Press. pp. xxi, xxxiii–xxxiv. ISBN 9780313334801.
Jump up ^ Rawley, J. A. (2005). The Transatlantic Slave Trade: A History. University of Nebraska Pres. p. 169.
^ Jump up to: a b Lovejoy, Paul E. (2000). Transformations in Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa (2nd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 290. ISBN 0521780128.
Jump up ^ "1807 Abolition of Slavery Act", Spartacus Educational.
Jump up ^ Jo Loosemore, "Sailing against slavery", BBC – Devon, 24 September 2014.
Jump up ^ The West African Squadron and slave trade
Jump up ^ Welcome to Encyclopædia Britannica's Guide to Black History
Jump up ^ The Blood of a Nation of Slaves in Stone Town
External links[edit]
Text of Act
Parliament and the British Slave Trade 1600 to 1833
Teaching Resources about Slavery and Abolition
Road to Freedom documentary – Eastside Community Heritage
Report of the Brown University Steering Committee on Slavery and Justice
Text of Bill
Timeline of Aftereffects
Developments leading up to the Bill being passed
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Christianity in Africa
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text:
Oath of office of the Vice President of the United States
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Vice President Mike Pence being administered the oath of office by Clarence Thomas on January 20, 2017.
The oath of office of the Vice President of the United States is the oath or affirmation that the Vice President of the United States takes upon assuming the vice-presidency but before he or she begins the execution of the office. Just before the president-elect takes the oath of office on Inauguration Day, the vice president-elect will step forward on the inaugural platform and repeat the oath of office. Although the United States Constitution—Article II, Section One, Clause 8—specifically sets forth the oath required by incoming presidents, it does not do so for incoming vice presidents. The constitution—Article VI, Clause 3— simply requires that they, along with all other government officers (federal and state; elected and appointed), pledge to support the Constitution. Since 1937, Inauguration Day has been January 20 (was March 4), a change brought about by the 20th amendment to the Constitution, which had been ratified four years earlier. The vice president's swearing-in ceremony also moved that year, from the Senate chamber inside the Capitol, to the presidential inaugural platform outside the building.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Text
2 Background
3 Oath-taking ceremonies
3.1 Notes
4 References
Text[edit]
I, (state your name), do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter. So help me God.[2]
Background[edit]
The 1st Congress passed an oath act in May 1789, authorizing only U.S. senators to administer the oath to the vice president (who serves as the president of the Senate). Later that year, legislation passed that allowed courts to administer all oaths and affirmations. Since 1789, the oath has been changed several times by Congress. The present oath repeated by the vice president, senators, representatives, and other government officers has been in use since 1884.[1]
When the vice presidency was established in 1789, and for the century that followed, the Vice President was sworn in on the same date as the president, March 4, but at a separate location, typically in the United States Senate, where he holds the office of President of the Senate. Up until the middle of the 20th Century, the Vice President-Elect nearly always would be sworn in by the highest-ranking officer of the US Senate which was the outgoing vice president or the President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate. Sometimes, although not always, a short address would be given by the new vice president to the Senate.
The oath of office has been administered most by the President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate (last in 1925) for a total of 20 times. Others to give the oath of office include the outgoing Vice President (last in 1945) 12 times, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (last in 2017) 9 times, the Chief Justice of the United States (last in 2001) 6 times, U.S. Senators that are not Pro Tempore of the Senate (last in 1969) 5 times, the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (last in 2005) 4 times, a US judge twice, and a foreign consul once with one time being unrecorded. Former Chief Justice Warren E. Burger has given the oath the most times with three.
Of the 59 times the Oath of Office has been administered, 47 times have been at some location in the United States Capitol. The White House has seen 3 oaths of office, and Congress Hall in Philadelphia twice. The following locations all had the oath administered once in that location: Federal Hall, Old Brick Capitol, Havana, Cuba, a private residence in New York, and the Number One Observatory Circle. Reflecting the relative lack of importance of the office in the early 1800s, there are two instances where the location of the Vice President's oath of office is unknown.
Due to Vice President-elect William King's deteriorating health, a bill signed on March 3, 1853, the last day of the 32nd United States Congress, allowed for the oath to be administered to him as he rested in Cuba.
Oath-taking ceremonies[edit]
Date
Vice President
No.
Location
Administered by
June 3, 1789
(Term began April 21) John Adams 1st Federal Hall
New York, New York John Langdon
US Senator, President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate
December 2, 1793
(Term began March 4) John Adams 2nd Congress Hall
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania John Langdon
US Senator, President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate
March 4, 1797 Thomas Jefferson 3rd Congress Hall
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania William Bingham
US Senator, President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate
March 4, 1801 Aaron Burr 4th Senate Chamber, United States Capitol James Hillhouse
US Senator, President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate
March 4, 1805 George Clinton 5th Senate Chamber, United States Capitol John Marshall
Chief Justice of the United States
March 4, 1809 George Clinton 6th Unknown with no record given in the Journal of the Senate of the United States Unknown
May 24, 1813
(Term began March 4) Elbridge Gerry 7th Appeared before the US Senate on May 24, 1813 with a document stating the Vice President already "having taken the oath as prescribed by law" John Davis
United States District Court Judge
March 4, 1817 Daniel D. Tompkins 8th Senate Chamber, Old Brick Capitol John Gaillard
US Senator, President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate
March 3, 1821
(Term began March 4) Daniel D. Tompkins 9th Tompkins' Residence, Tompkinsville, Staten Island William P. Van Ness
United States District Court Judge
March 4, 1825 John C. Calhoun 10th Senate Chamber, United States Capitol Andrew Jackson
US Senator
March 4, 1829 John C. Calhoun 11th Senate Chamber, United States Capitol Samuel Smith
US Senator, President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate
March 4, 1833 Martin Van Buren 12th House Chamber, United States Capitol John Marshall
Chief Justice of the United States
March 4, 1837 Richard Mentor Johnson 13th Senate Chamber, United States Capitol William R. King
US Senator, President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate
March 4, 1841 John Tyler 14th Senate Chamber, United States Capitol William R. King
US Senator, President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate
March 4, 1845 George M. Dallas 15th Senate Chamber, United States Capitol Willie P. Mangum
US Senator, President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate
*March 5, 1849
(Term began March 4) Millard Fillmore 16th Senate Chamber, United States Capitol David R. Atchison
US Senator, President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate
March 24, 1853
(Term began March 4) William R. King 17th Havana, Cuba William L. Sharkley
US Consul
March 4, 1857 John C. Breckinridge 18th Senate Chamber, United States Capitol James M. Mason
US Senator, President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate
*March 2, 1861
(Term began March 4) Hannibal Hamlin 19th Senate Chamber, United States Capitol John C. Breckinridge
Vice President of the United States
March 4, 1865 Andrew Johnson 20th Senate Chamber, United States Capitol Hannibal Hamlin
Vice President of the United States
March 4, 1869 Schuyler Colfax 21st Senate Chamber, United States Capitol Benjamin F. Wade
US Senator, President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate
March 4, 1873 Henry Wilson 22nd Senate Chamber, United States Capitol Schuyler Colfax
Vice President of the United States
March 4, 1877 William A. Wheeler 23rd Senate Chamber, United States Capitol Thomas W. Ferry
US Senator, President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate
March 4, 1881 Chester A. Arthur 24th Senate Chamber, United States Capitol William A. Wheeler
Vice President of the United States
March 4, 1885 Thomas A. Hendricks 25th Senate Chamber, United States Capitol George F. Edmunds
US Senator, President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate
March 4, 1889 Levi P. Morton 26th Senate Chamber, United States Capitol John J. Ingalls
US Senator, President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate
March 4, 1893 Adlai Stevenson 27th Senate Chamber, United States Capitol Levi P. Morton
Vice President of the United States
March 4, 1897 Garret Hobart 28th Senate Chamber, United States Capitol Adlai Stevenson
Vice President of the United States
March 4, 1901 Theodore Roosevelt 29th Senate Chamber, United States Capitol William P. Frye
US Senator, President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate
March 4, 1905 Charles W. Fairbanks 30th Senate Chamber, United States Capitol William P. Frye
US Senator, President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate
March 4, 1909 James S. Sherman 31st Senate Chamber, United States Capitol Charles W. Fairbanks
Vice President of the United States
March 4, 1913 Thomas R. Marshall 32nd Senate Chamber, United States Capitol Jacob H. Gallinger
US Senator, President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate
March 4, 1917 Thomas R. Marshall 33rd Senate Chamber, United States Capitol Willard Saulsbury
US Senator, President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate
March 4, 1921 Calvin Coolidge 34th Senate Chamber, United States Capitol Thomas R. Marshall
Vice President of the United States
March 4, 1925 Charles G. Dawes 35th Senate Chamber, United States Capitol Albert B. Cummins
US Senator, President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate
March 4, 1929 Charles Curtis 36th Senate Chamber, United States Capitol Charles G. Dawes
Vice President of the United States
March 4, 1933 John Nance Garner 37th Senate Chamber, United States Capitol Charles Curtis
Vice President of the United States
January 20, 1937 John Nance Garner 38th United States Capitol Joseph Taylor Robinson
US Senator, Senate Majority Leader
January 20, 1941 Henry A. Wallace 39th United States Capitol John Nance Garner
Vice President of the United States
January 20, 1945 Harry S. Truman 40th White House Henry A. Wallace
Vice President of the United States
January 20, 1949 Alben W. Barkley 41st United States Capitol Stanley Forman Reed
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
January 20, 1953 Richard Nixon 42nd United States Capitol William F. Knowland
US Senator
*January 20, 1957 Richard Nixon 43rd White House William F. Knowland
US Senator, Senate Minority Leader
January 20, 1961 Lyndon B. Johnson 44th United States Capitol Sam Rayburn
Speaker of the House of Representatives
January 20, 1965 Hubert Humphrey 45th United States Capitol John William McCormack
Speaker of the House of Representatives
January 20, 1969 Spiro Agnew 46th United States Capitol Everett Dirksen
US Senator, Senate Minority Leader
January 20, 1973 Spiro Agnew 47th United States Capitol Warren E. Burger
Chief Justice of the United States
December 6, 1973 Gerald Ford 48th House of Representatives Chamber, United States Capitol Warren E. Burger
Chief Justice of the United States
December 19, 1974 Nelson Rockefeller 49th Senate Chamber, United States Capitol Warren E. Burger
Chief Justice of the United States
January 20, 1977 Walter Mondale 50th United States Capitol Tip O'Neill
Speaker of the House of Representatives
January 20, 1981 George H.W. Bush 51st United States Capitol Potter Stewart
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
*January 20, 1985 George H.W. Bush 52nd White House Potter Stewart
Former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
January 20, 1989 Dan Quayle 53rd United States Capitol Sandra Day O'Connor
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
January 20, 1993 Al Gore 54th United States Capitol Byron White
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
January 20, 1997 Al Gore 55th United States Capitol Ruth Bader Ginsburg
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
January 20, 2001 Dick Cheney 56th United States Capitol William Rehnquist
Chief Justice of the United States
January 20, 2005 Dick Cheney 57th United States Capitol Dennis Hastert
Speaker of the House of Representatives
January 20, 2009 Joe Biden 58th United States Capitol John Paul Stevens
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
*January 20, 2013 Joe Biden 59th Number One Observatory Circle Sonia Sotomayor
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
January 20, 2017 Mike Pence 60th United States Capitol Clarence Thomas
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
Notes[edit]
Entries in the above list with an asterisk indicate the official legal oath of office for terms of office that began on Sunday instead of the public ceremonial swearing-in the following day.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Vice President's Swearing-In Ceremony". The Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ 5 U.S.C. § 3331
http://americanhistory.about.com/od/uspresidents/ss/inauguration_4.htm
http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsj&fileName=001/llsj001.db&recNum=11&itemLink=r?ammem/hlaw:@field%28DOCID+@lit%28sj0011%29%29:%230010001&linkText=1
http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsj&fileName=002/llsj002.db&recNum=1&itemLink=r?ammem/hlaw:@field%28DOCID+@lit%28sj0021%29%29:%230020002&linkText=1
http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsj&fileName=003/llsj003.db&recNum=145&itemLink=r?ammem/hlaw:@field%28DOCID+@lit%28sj003205%29%29:%230030145&linkText=1
Tyler - http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field%28DOCID+@lit%28sj03169%29%29:
Dallas - http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field%28DOCID+@lit%28sj03663%29%29:
Hamlin - 3/2/1861 http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field%28DOCID+@lit%28sj05267%29%29
Tyler - http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field%28DOCID+@lit%28sj03169%29%29:
Dallas - http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field%28DOCID+@lit%28sj03663%29%29:
Fillmore - http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field%28DOCID+@lit%28sj04071%29%29:
http://www.aoc.gov/nations-stage/vice-president-inaugurations
http://web.archive.org/web/20140920162742/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Nelson_Rockefeller.htm
[hide]
v
t
e
Vice Presidents of the United States (list)
John Adams (1789–1797)
Thomas Jefferson (1797–1801)
Aaron Burr (1801–1805)
George Clinton (1805–1812)
Elbridge Gerry (1813–1814)
Daniel D. Tompkins (1817–1825)
John C. Calhoun (1825–1832)
Martin Van Buren (1833–1837)
Richard Mentor Johnson (1837–1841)
John Tyler (1841)
George M. Dallas (1845–1849)
Millard Fillmore (1849–1850)
William R. King (1853)
John C. Breckinridge (1857–1861)
Hannibal Hamlin (1861–1865)
Andrew Johnson (1865)
Schuyler Colfax (1869–1873)
Henry Wilson (1873–1875)
William A. Wheeler (1877–1881)
Chester A. Arthur (1881)
Thomas A. Hendricks (1885)
Levi P. Morton (1889–1893)
Adlai Stevenson (1893–1897)
Garret Hobart (1897–1899)
Theodore Roosevelt (1901)
Charles W. Fairbanks (1905–1909)
James S. Sherman (1909–1912)
Thomas R. Marshall (1913–1921)
Calvin Coolidge (1921–1923)
Charles G. Dawes (1925–1929)
Charles Curtis (1929–1933)
John Nance Garner (1933–1941)
Henry A. Wallace (1941–1945)
Harry S. Truman (1945)
Alben W. Barkley (1949–1953)
Richard Nixon (1953–1961)
Lyndon B. Johnson (1961–1963)
Hubert Humphrey (1965–1969)
Spiro Agnew (1969–1973)
Gerald Ford (1973–1974)
Nelson Rockefeller (1974–1977)
Walter Mondale (1977–1981)
George H. W. Bush (1981–1989)
Dan Quayle (1989–1993)
Al Gore (1993–2001)
Dick Cheney (2001–2009)
Joe Biden (2009–2017)
Mike Pence (2017–present)
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Albatross (metaphor)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Look up albatross around one's neck in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
This article may contain indiscriminate, excessive, or irrelevant examples. Please improve the article by adding more descriptive text and removing less pertinent examples. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for further suggestions. (February 2017)
The word albatross is sometimes used metaphorically to mean a psychological burden that feels like a curse.
It is an allusion to Samuel Taylor Coleridge's poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (1798).[1] In the poem, an albatross starts to follow a ship — being followed by an albatross was generally considered a sign of good luck. However, the titular mariner shoots the albatross with a crossbow, which is regarded as an act that will curse the ship (which indeed suffers terrible mishaps). Even when they are too thirsty to speak, the ship's crew let the mariner know through their glances that they blame his action for the curse. The albatross is then literally hung around the mariner's neck by the crew to symbolize his guilt in killing the bird. Thus, the albatross can be both an omen of good or bad luck, as well as a metaphor for a burden to be carried as penance.
The symbolism used in the Coleridge poem is its highlight.[1] For example:
Ah! well a-day! what evil looks
Had I from old and young!
Instead of the cross, the Albatross
About my neck was hung.
This sense is catalogued in the Oxford English Dictionary from 1936 and 1955, but it seems only to have entered general usage in the 1960s, or possibly as early as 1959.
Also, the word albatross is used in Letter II, Volume One of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, in which Robert Walton is speaking to his sister and states, "…but I shall kill no albatross…", an allusion quite clearly referring to the poem by her close acquaintance, Coleridge. The novel was first published in 1818, long before the term was introduced into the Oxford Dictionary.
Charles Baudelaire's collection of poems Les Fleurs du mal contains a poem entitled L'Albatros about men on ships who catch the albatrosses for sport. In the final stanza, he goes on to compare the poets to the birds — exiled from the skies and then weighed down by their giant wings, till death.
Finally, in Herman Melville's Moby-Dick, there is a reference to Coleridge's albatross which is extended to fit the narrative's focus on the symbolic connotations of whiteness.
See The Rime of the Ancient Mariner in popular culture. Even in the poem Snake by D.H. Lawrence he mentions the killing of Albatross by the mariner.
Contents
[hide]
1 Film
2 Music
2.1 Musical
2.2 Songs
3 Television
4 Books
5 Video games
6 References
Film[edit]
In the 1939 film "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes" starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce, Professor Moriarty George Zucco baits Holmes by mailing him a drawing of a man with an albatross hung around his neck.
In the 1940 film The Sea Hawk starring Errol Flynn, Albatross is the name of Captain Thorpe's pirate ship.
In the 1979 film The Fog by John Carpenter, a radio-station promo is possessed by ghostly forces to speak out and the word albatross is used to tell of the curse on Antonio Bay.
In the 1996 Ridley Scott film White Squall, a fictionalized account of the Ocean Academy's ship Albatross, the ship's captain Christopher Sheldon makes mention of the albatross being a very good omen which "embodied the spirits of lost sailors". "Only bad luck if you kill one," he added.
In the 2003 film Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World, as the wind picks up and the ship finally breaks out of the doldrums, an albatross is spotted following the ship. When an attempt is made to shoot the bird, the ship's doctor is shot instead.
In the 2005 Joss Whedon film Serenity, Malcolm Reynolds, the captain of Serenity defends the notion that River Tam is an albatross to the crew and later to the Operative. He says that the albatross was good luck until "some idiot killed it". When Malcolm is speaking, he then adds to Inara, "Yes, I've read a poem. Try not to faint" in a reference to the Coleridge poem. At the end of the film, he calls River "Little Albatross".
The 2011 film Albatross, by Niall MacCormick.
In the 2014 film Against the Sun, Gene shoots an albatross, which they eat. Chief Dixon is notably upset about this, saying, "I can't believe you shot an albatross."
Music[edit]
In music journalism, the term albatross is sometimes used metaphorically to describe the mixed blessing and curse of a song that becomes so popular it overshadows the rest of the artist's work.
Musical[edit]
The musical Thoroughly Modern Millie refers to the albatross in a song called "Forget About the Boy".
The musical Kinky Boots refers to the albatross in a song called "Not My Father's Son".
Songs[edit]
(alphabetized by artist)
Aaron Lewis in the song "Lost and Lonely" sings about "I'm an albatross hanging around my own neck".
Aesop Rock references the albatross on the song "Dorks"
The band Alesana has a song called "Heavy Hangs The Albatross".
The band Attalus has a song called "Albatross".
The metalcore band Anterrabae has a song titled "An Albatross Around the Neck".
Swedish DJ AronChupa has a song titled "I'm an Albatraoz" which uses the albatross as an inexplicable metaphor for female empowerment.
The band Badflower references the albatross in the song "Animal".
South Korean boy group B.A.P have a song titled "Albatross" on their 5th EP Carnival.
The band Bastille references the albatross in the song "The Weight of Living Pt. 1".
Bert Weedon has a song called "Albatross".
The band Besnard Lakes has a song called "Albatross".
The Canadian rock band Big Wreck has an album titled Albatross containing the lead single also titled "Albatross".
American singer/songwriter Carolyne Mas has a song titled "King of the U-Turn" that uses an albatross as a metaphor.
The band Brave Saint Saturn has a song titled "Albatross".
The rock band Chevelle uses albatross as a metaphor in the song "Face to the Floor".
The post-hardcore band Chiodos has a song titled "We Swam From Albatross, The Day We Lost Kailey Cost".
The band The Classic Crime has an album titled Albatross.
The band Clutch refers to an "Albatross on your neck" in the song "(In The Wake of) The Swollen Goat" on the Blast Tyrant album.
The mathcore band Converge has a song called "Albatross", in the album "Petitioning the Empty Sky'.
Corrosion Of Conformity refers to the albatross in the song "Albatross".
Demon Hunter uses albatross as a metaphor in the song "Cross to Bear".
The band Erra uses albatross as a metaphor in the song "Dreamwalkers".
The band Foals have a song titled "Albatross". Using the metaphor "You've got an albatross around your neck"
The band Foxing has an album called "The Albatross". And reference the word albatross on the songs "Bloodhound", and "Tom Bley".
The band Floater has a song titled "Albatross".
The band Flogging Molly uses reference to the wearing of the albatross in their song "Rebels of the Sacred Heart".
The band Fleetwood Mac has a song entitled "Albatross".
Gorillaz refers to the albatross in the song "Hip Albatross", as a metaphor for the burden of the undead.
The band God Street Wine in the song "Epiphany".
In Graham Parker and The Rumour's B-side single Mercury Poisoning, the song opens with "No more pretending now, the albatross is dying in its nest".
The indie rock band Guided By Voices reference wearing an albatross around the neck on the song "Peep-Hole" from the album Bee Thousand.
The heavy metal band Iron Maiden references the albatross in their song "Rime of the Ancient Mariner", which is based on the poem of the same title by Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
Jeff Williams' song "Bad Luck Charm" contains the line "I'm a cursed black cat, I'm an albatross, I'm a mirror broken, Sad to say, I'm your bad luck charm".
Josh Ritter refers to a lingering albatross in his song "Monster Ballad". The characters are lost in the desert after having been lost at sea.
Judy Collins uses albatross as a metaphor in the song, "Albatross" in 1967.
The Anglo-Dutch experimental rock band The Legendary Pink Dots references an albatross in the song "Twilight Hour", a song with strong reference itself to the poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.
The Little River Band has a song called "Cool Change", which contains the line: "Albatross and the Whale are my brother".
Peruvian singer-songwriter Natasha Luna has a song called "Waltz for an Albatross", inspired by Baudelaire's poem.[2]
Christian Emocore band mewithoutYou references the albatross in their song "Bear's Vision of St. Agnes".
Mt. St. Helens Vietnam Band has a song called "Albatross, Albatross, Albatross".
Nightwish refers to albatross in their song "The Islander".
Owl City refers to the albatross in the song "Hello Seattle".
Pink Floyd refers to the albatross in the song "Echoes".
In "Albatross", the first track on Public Image Limited's 1979 album Metal Box, the cryptic reference to "Getting rid of the Albatross" is repeated throughout the song.
Rhett Miller's song "This Is What I Do" references everyone having "an Albatross".
Sarah Blasko has a song called "Albatross" on the 2006 album What the Sea Wants, the Sea Will Have.
The song "Morter" from Canadian electronic group Skinny Puppy's 1996 album The Process alludes to the albatross as a burden of truth.
The band Skylark has a song entitled "Albatross".
The band Stornoway refers to the albatross in the song "Knock Me on the Head".
The band Weezer refers to "a boy and a girl Albatross around their necks" in the song "Wind in our Sails" off Weezer (The White Album).
The band Wild Beasts has a song entitled "Albatross".
Get Cape Wear Cape Fly refers to the albatross in the song "Waiting for the Monster to Drown".
Port Blue has an album entitled The Albatross EP
Alternative musician St. Vincent references “the albatross smouldering on my shoulder” in her song “Teenage Talk”.
Television[edit]
In season 1, episode 18 of Miami Vice, Detective Switek calls his colleague, Detective Zito, an albatross, after he blows up their undercover operation: "We blew it, Lieutenant, because I'm teamed up with an albatross".
In the UK show, Knowing Me Knowing You with Alan Partridge, Alan Partridge requests the audience to desist responding to his catchphrase "aha!" stating, "can we stop that now? It's becoming a bit of an albatross".
In Showtime's Weeds, the main character Nancy refers to another character as, "[an] albatross: my own personal cinder block." Season five episode five.
In the HBO series Deadwood, a character refers to the debt owed to blacks because of slavery as an "albatross around the white man's neck." Episode 304.
In the TNT series Memphis Beat, a character refers to family as "an albatross around the neck of a great man" (Episode 107).
The Monty Python team, exploiting absurdist associations of ideas, gave life to the image of having an albatross around one's neck. In their sketch "Albatross", set in a cinema, an irritated man (John Cleese) dressed as an ice-cream girl tries to sell a dead albatross, the only item he has on his ice-cream tray.
In The New Adventures of Flipper, episode 417 "Mystery Ship", an abandoned boat, a yawl, is discovered with no one aboard. She is named The Albatross. She isn't registered and doesn't appear in any databases. She appears to be sea worthy, but strange accidents occur. Eventually, the couple who salvaged her argue over whether to keep her or not. Upon further search of the boat, a boat builder's plaque is found. The Albatross was built by a boat builder who went out of business in the late 1930s. This discovery leads to a newspaper article about a murder aboard the boat, the Sweet Charlotte. Apparently over time anyone coming in contact with her has bad luck. She has gone from being named the Sweet Charlotte to The Albatross.
In a flash-back scene of The Sopranos episode, "Down Neck", Tony's father ("Johnny Boy") says of his wife, Livia, "You're like an albacore around my neck!"—an obvious malapropism.
In season 7, episode 11 of the series The X-Files, entitled "Closure", Special Agent Fox Mulder discovers a child's handprints embedded in cement in front of a house in the base housing area of what appears to be a decommissioned U.S. Air Force base. The prints are presumably made by his sister, Samantha, after her abduction when she was eight years old. The house where he finds the handprints—and later a diary, also presumably Samantha's--is located on Albatross St.; possibly a reference to how Fox's quest to find information about the whereabouts of his missing sister has been his albatross since she was taken from him.
In Season 2, episode 8 of the series Ed, Jim (Molly Hudson's romantic interest) refers to her old car 'Sadie' that she buys back after selling (due to emotional attachment), as a 'Metal Albatross', due to its failure to function, and the fact that they have to push it all the way to her house after buying it back.
In episode 209 of the show Aqua Teen Hunger Force Master Shake states, "We got us a super star, and we've got two albacores that are hanging around my neck." Frylock responds, "It's albatrosses". Master Shake states this to show frustration to his two roommates in response to losing, again, at a bar trivia game.
In Season 5, episode 21 of Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C., Sgt. Carter calls Gomer an albatross because he messed up a marine exercise, and is told to go back to the base. When Gomer asks how he'll get back, Carter sarcastically replies,"You can fly, Pyle. You're an albatross, remember?!"
In season 4 of the HBO series Boardwalk Empire, Nucky Thompson lives in a seaside motel named "The Albatross"; a metaphor for the mental burden his character suffers.
In season 4, episode 4 of Orange Is The New Black Alex tells Red she is sorry for sharing 'This Albatross of a secret' with her.
Books[edit]
The cover art for Michael Spivak's A Comprehensive Introduction to Differential Geometry, Vol.2, is a painting by the author featuring a sailing ship beneath a dark stormy sky, full of dead jesters and a single living jester having three albatrosses hanging from ropes around his neck, respectively labeled "Cartan", "Riemann", and "Gauss".
Video games[edit]
In the fantasy MMORPG RuneScape, This Albatross, known formerly as The Scourge, is the flagship of the infamous pirate lord Rabid Jack. Jack used the ship as his main offensive centre when he attacked Mos Le'Harmless in an effort to gain complete control over the Eastern Sea. When this failed, Jack renamed his ship "This Albatross", which he said would be a curse upon pirates forever. Although the ship was likely destroyed after the latter Battle of Mos Le'Harmless, recent activity suggests the ship may have been revived along with its thought-dead (now seemingly undead) captain.
In the 2013 video game BioShock Infinite, the vigor (potion) "Undertow" is advertised by the vigor dispenser machine with the words "Ancient mariner, let the vigor Undertow disperse the hated albatross".
In the 2010 video game, Alpha Protocol an intelligence agency named "G22" is led by a man under the alias of Albatross, who has the habit of encountering you by chance and often, depending on the players actions, offers valuable information which serves to reinforce the name.
In the 2004 video game Vampire: The Masquerade - Bloodlines, Camarilla Prince Sebastian Lacroix expresses to the player the burden of his position as Prince of L.A. and his worry over the consequences of calling a blood hunt upon Anarch leader - Nines Rodriguez - "The folly of leadership is knowing that no matter what you do, behind your back, there's hundreds certain that their own solution is the sounder one and that your decision was the by-product of a whimsical dart toss. I pronounce the blast sentence, and I soak the critical fallout. I make the decisions no-one else will. Leadership...I wear the albatross and the bullseye."[3]
Unreal Tournament 2004 featured a map called "DM-1on1-Albatross"
In the 1981 video game Ulysses and the Golden Fleece, an albatross drops a bag filled with golden gems onto a boat.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "An albatross around one's neck". The Phrase Finder. Retrieved 27 December 2011.
Jump up ^ Waltz for an Albatross video on YouTube
Jump up ^ Vampire: The Masquerade - Bloodlines
[hide]
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Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Topics
Early life
Opium use
Albatross metaphor
Lake Poets
Pantisocracy
Coleridge's theory of life
Early poetry
"The Destruction of the Bastile"
"Dura Navis"
"Easter Holidays"
"Monody on the Death of Chatterton"
"On Quitting School"
"Pain: Composed in Sickness"
"Songs of the Pixies"
Plays
The Fall of Robespierre
Remorse (Osorio)
Zapolya
Cambridge and
Bristol poetry
The Destiny of Nations
Lines on an Autumnal Evening
Lines Written at Shurton Bars
On Receiving an Account
Ode on the Departing Year
Religious Musings
To a Young Ass
To Fortune
To the River Otter
Eminent
Characters
"To Erskine"
"To Burke"
"To Priestley"
"To Fayette"
"To Kosciusko"
"To Pitt"
"To Bowles"
"To Mrs Siddons"
"To Godwin"
"To Southey"
"To Sheridan"
"To Lord Stanhope"
Conversation
poems
Dejection: An Ode
The Eolian Harp
Fears in Solitude
Frost at Midnight
The Nightingale: A Conversation Poem
Reflections on Having Left a Place of Retirement
This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison
To William Wordsworth
Late poetry and
Lyrical Ballads
Christabel
"France: An Ode"
"Hymn Before Sunrise"
"Kubla Khan"
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
Biographical and
other works
Biographia Literaria
The Watchman
Notebooks
Family
Sara Coleridge (daughter)
Derwent Coleridge (son)
Hartley Coleridge (son)
Christabel Rose Coleridge (granddaughter)
Ernest Hartley Coleridge (grandson)
Herbert Coleridge (grandson)
James Coleridge (brother)
Henry Nelson Coleridge (nephew and son-in-law)
John Taylor Coleridge (nephew)
Arthur Coleridge (great-nephew)
Henry James Coleridge (great-nephew)
John Coleridge, 1st Baron Coleridge (great-nephew)
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