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Criminal law
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Criminal law
Elements
Actus reus
Mens rea
Causation
Concurrence
Scope of criminal liability
Complicity
Corporate
Vicarious
Severity of offense
Felony
Infraction (also called Violation)
Misdemeanor
Inchoate offenses
Attempt
Conspiracy
Incitement
Solicitation
Offence against the person
Assassination
Assault
Battery
Bigamy
Criminal negligence
False imprisonment
Home invasion
Homicide
Kidnapping
Manslaughter (corporate)
Mayhem
Murder
corporate
Negligent homicide
Public indecency
Rape
Robbery
Sexual assault
Crimes against property
Arson
Blackmail
Bribery
Burglary
Embezzlement
Extortion
False pretenses
Fraud
Larceny
Payola
Pickpocketing
Possessing stolen property
Robbery
Smuggling
Tax evasion
Theft
Crimes against justice
Compounding
Malfeasance in office
Miscarriage of justice
Misprision
Obstruction
Perjury
Perverting the course of justice
Victimless crimes
Adultery
Apostasy
Buggery
Providing contraception information (Comstock law)
Dueling
Fornication
Gambling
Incest
Lewd and lascivious behavior
Exhibitionism
Creation of obscenity
Prostitution
Recreational drug use (including alcohol, when prohibited)
Sodomy
Suicide
Crimes against animals
Cruelty to animals
Wildlife smuggling
Bestiality
Defences to liability
Automatism
Consent
Defence of property
Diminished responsibility
Duress
Entrapment
Ignorantia juris non excusat
Infancy
Insanity
Justification
Mistake (of law)
Necessity
Provocation
Self-defence
Other common-law areas
Contracts
Evidence
Property
Torts
Wills, trusts and estates
Portals
Criminal justice
Law
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Criminal Law is the body of law that relates to crime. It proscribes conduct perceived as threatening, harmful, or otherwise endangering to the property, health, safety, and moral welfare of people. Most criminal law is established by statute, which is to say that the laws are enacted by a legislature. It includes the punishment of people who violate these laws. Criminal law varies according to jurisdiction, and differs from civil law, where emphasis is more on dispute resolution and victim compensation than on punishment.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Objectives of criminal law
3 Selected criminal laws
3.1 Elements
3.2 Actus reus
3.3 Mens rea
3.4 Strict liability
3.5 Fatal offenses
3.6 Personal offenses
3.7 Property offenses
3.8 Participatory offenses
3.9 Mala in se v. mala prohibita
3.10 Defenses
4 Criminal law jurisdictions
5 See also
5.1 International criminal law
5.2 National criminal law
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
History[edit]
The first civilizations generally did not distinguish between civil law and criminal law. The first written codes of law were designed by the Sumerians. Around 2100–2050 BC Ur-Nammu, the Neo-Sumerian king of Ur, enacted the oldest written legal code whose text has been discovered: the Code of Ur-Nammu[1] although an earlier code of Urukagina of Lagash ( 2380–2360 BC ) is also known to have existed. Another important early code was the Code Hammurabi, which formed the core of Babylonian law. Only fragments of the early criminal laws of Ancient Greece have survived, e.g. those of Solon and Draco.[2]
The Old Bailey in London (in 1808) was the venue for more than 100,000 criminal trials between 1674 and 1834, including all death penalty cases.
In Roman law, Gaius's Commentaries on the Twelve Tables also conflated the civil and criminal aspects, treating theft (furtum) as a tort. Assault and violent robbery were analogized to trespass as to property. Breach of such laws created an obligation of law or vinculum juris discharged by payment of monetary compensation or damages. The criminal law of imperial Rome is collected in Books 47–48 of the Digest.[3] After the revival of Roman law in the 12th century, sixth-century Roman classifications and jurisprudence provided the foundations of the distinction between criminal and civil law in European law from then until the present time.[4]
The first signs of the modern distinction between crimes and civil matters emerged during the Norman Invasion of England.[5] The special notion of criminal penalty, at least concerning Europe, arose in Spanish Late Scolasticism (see Alfonso de Castro), when the theological notion of God's penalty (poena aeterna) that was inflicted solely for a guilty mind, became transfused into canon law first and, finally, to secular criminal law.[6] The development of the state dispensing justice in a court clearly emerged in the eighteenth century when European countries began maintaining police services. From this point, criminal law had formalized the mechanisms for enforcement, which allowed for its development as a discernible entity.
Objectives of criminal law[edit]
Criminal law is distinctive for the uniquely serious potential consequences or sanctions for failure to abide by its rules.[7] Every crime is composed of criminal elements. Capital punishment may be imposed in some jurisdictions for the most serious crimes. Physical or corporal punishment may be imposed such as whipping or caning, although these punishments are prohibited in much of the world. Individuals may be incarcerated in prison or jail in a variety of conditions depending on the jurisdiction. Confinement may be solitary. Length of incarceration may vary from a day to life. Government supervision may be imposed, including house arrest, and convicts may be required to conform to particularized guidelines as part of a parole or probation regimen. Fines also may be imposed, seizing money or property from a person convicted of a crime.
Five objectives are widely accepted for enforcement of the criminal law by punishments: retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation and restoration. Jurisdictions differ on the value to be placed on each.
Retribution – Criminals ought to Be Punished in some way. This is the most widely seen goal. Criminals have taken improper advantage, or inflicted unfair detriment, upon others and consequently, the criminal law will put criminals at some unpleasant disadvantage to "balance the scales." People submit to the law to receive the right not to be murdered and if people contravene these laws, they surrender the rights granted to them by the law. Thus, one who murders may be executed himself. A related theory includes the idea of "righting the balance."
Deterrence – Individual deterrence is aimed toward the specific offender. The aim is to impose a sufficient penalty to discourage the offender from criminal behavior. General deterrence aims at society at large. By imposing a penalty on those who commit offenses, other individuals are discouraged from committing those offenses.
Incapacitation – Designed simply to keep criminals away from society so that the public is protected from their misconduct. This is often achieved through prison sentences today. The death penalty or banishment have served the same purpose.
Rehabilitation – Aims at transforming an offender into a valuable member of society. Its primary goal is to prevent further offense by convincing the offender that their conduct was wrong.
Restoration – This is a victim-oriented theory of punishment. The goal is to repair, through state authority, any injury inflicted upon the victim by the offender. For example, one who embezzles will be required to repay the amount improperly acquired. Restoration is commonly combined with other main goals of criminal justice and is closely related to concepts in the civil law, i.e., returning the victim to his or her original position before the injury.
Selected criminal laws[edit]
Many laws are enforced by threat of criminal punishment, and the range of the punishment varies with the jurisdiction. The scope of criminal law is too vast to catalog intelligently. Nevertheless, the following are some of the more typical aspects of criminal law.
Elements[edit]
Main article: Element (criminal law)
The criminal law generally prohibits undesirable acts. Thus, proof of a crime requires proof of some act. Scholars label this the requirement of an actus reus or guilty act. Some crimes – particularly modern regulatory offenses – require no more, and they are known as strict liability offenses (E.g. Under the Road traffic Act 1988 it is a strict liability offence to drive a vehicle with an alcohol concentration above the prescribed limit). Nevertheless, because of the potentially severe consequences of criminal conviction, judges at common law also sought proof of an intent to do some bad thing, the mens rea or guilty mind. As to crimes of which both actus reus and mens rea are requirements, judges have concluded that the elements must be present at precisely the same moment and it is not enough that they occurred sequentially at different times.[8]
Actus reus[edit]
Main article: Actus reus
An English court room in 1886, with Lord Chief Justice Coleridge presiding
Actus reus is Latin for "guilty act" and is the physical element of committing a crime. It may be accomplished by an action, by threat of action, or exceptionally, by an omission to act, which is a legal duty to act. For example, the act of A striking B might suffice, or a parent's failure to give food to a young child also may provide the actus reus for a crime.
Where the actus reus is a failure to act, there must be a duty of care. A duty can arise through contract,[9] a voluntary undertaking,[10] a blood relation with whom one lives,[11] and occasionally through one's official position.[12] Duty also can arise from one's own creation of a dangerous situation.[13] On the other hand, it was held in the U.K. that switching off the life support of someone in a persistent vegetative state is an omission to act and not criminal. Since discontinuation of power is not a voluntary act, not grossly negligent, and is in the patient's best interests, no crime takes place.[14] In this case it was held that since a PVS patient could not give or withhold consent to medical treatment, it was for the doctors to decide whether treatment was in the patient's best interest. It was reasonable for them to conclude that treatment was not in the patient's best interest, and should therefore be stopped, when there was no prospect of improvement. It was never lawful to take active steps to cause or accelerate death, although in certain circumstances it was lawful to withhold life sustaining treatment, including feeding, without which the patient would die.
An actus reus may be nullified by an absence of causation. For example, a crime involves harm to a person, the person's action must be the but for cause and proximate cause of the harm.[15] If more than one cause exists (e.g. harm comes at the hands of more than one culprit) the act must have "more than a slight or trifling link" to the harm.[16]
Causation is not broken simply because a victim is particularly vulnerable. This is known as the thin skull rule.[17] However, it may be broken by an intervening act (novus actus interveniens) of a third party, the victim's own conduct,[18] or another unpredictable event. A mistake in medical treatment typically will not sever the chain, unless the mistakes are in themselves "so potent in causing death."[19]
Mens rea[edit]
Main article: Mens rea
Mens rea is another Latin phrase, meaning "guilty mind". This is the mental element of the crime. A guilty mind means an intention to commit some wrongful act. Intention under criminal law is separate from a person's motive[20] (although motive does not exist in Scots law).[21]
A lower threshold of mens rea is satisfied when a defendant recognizes an act is dangerous but decides to commit it anyway. This is recklessness. It is the mental state of mind of the person at the time the actus reus was committed. For instance, if C tears a gas meter from a wall to get the money inside, and knows this will let flammable gas escape into a neighbour's house, he could be liable for poisoning.[22] Courts often consider whether the actor did recognize the danger, or alternatively ought to have recognized a risk.[23] Of course, a requirement only that one ought to have recognized a danger (though he did not) is tantamount to erasing intent as a requirement. In this way, the importance of mens rea has been reduced in some areas of the criminal law but is obviously still an important part in the criminal system.
Wrongfulness of intent also may vary the seriousness of an offense and possibly reduce the punishment but this is not always the case. A killing committed with specific intent to kill or with conscious recognition that death or serious bodily harm will result, would be murder, whereas a killing effected by reckless acts lacking such a consciousness could be manslaughter.[24] On the other hand, it matters not who is actually harmed through a defendant's actions. The doctrine of transferred malice means, for instance, that if a man intends to strike a person with his belt, but the belt bounces off and hits another, mens rea is transferred from the intended target to the person who actually was struck.[Note: The notion of transferred intent does not exist within Scots' Law. In Scotland, one would not be charged with assault due to transferred intent, but instead assault due to recklessness.] [25]
Strict liability[edit]
Main article: Strict liability
Strict liability can be described as criminal or civil liability notwithstanding the lack mens rea or intent by the defendant. Not all crimes require specific intent, and the threshold of culpability required may be reduced or demoted. For example, it might be sufficient to show that a defendant acted negligently, rather than intentionally or recklessly. In offenses of absolute liability, other than the prohibited act, it may not be necessary to show the act was intentional. Generally, crimes must include an intentional act, and "intent" is an element that must be proved in order to find a crime occurred. The idea of a "strict liability crime" is an oxymoron. The few exceptions are not truly crimes at all – but are administrative regulations and civil penalties created by statute, such as crimes against the traffic or highway code.
Fatal offenses[edit]
Main articles: Murder and Culpable homicide
A murder, defined broadly, is an unlawful killing. Unlawful killing is probably the act most frequently targeted by the criminal law. In many jurisdictions, the crime of murder is divided into various gradations of severity, e.g., murder in the first degree, based on intent. Malice is a required element of murder. Manslaughter (Culpable Homicide in Scotland) is a lesser variety of killing committed in the absence of malice, brought about by reasonable provocation, or diminished capacity. Involuntary manslaughter, where it is recognized, is a killing that lacks all but the most attenuated guilty intent, recklessness.
Settled insanity is a possible defense.
Personal offenses[edit]
Main articles: Assault, Battery (crime), Rape, and Sexual abuse
Many criminal codes protect the physical integrity of the body. The crime of battery is traditionally understood as an unlawful touching, although this does not include everyday knocks and jolts to which people silently consent as the result of presence in a crowd. Creating a fear of imminent battery is an assault, and also may give rise to criminal liability. Non-consensual intercourse, or rape, is a particularly egregious form of battery.
Property offenses[edit]
Main articles: Criminal damage, Criminal trespass, Theft, Robbery, Extortion, Dacoity, Burglary, and Fraud
Property often is protected by the criminal law. Trespassing is unlawful entry onto the real property of another. Many criminal codes provide penalties for conversion, embezzlement, theft, all of which involve deprivations of the value of the property. Robbery is a theft by force. Fraud in the UK is a breach of the Fraud Act 2006 by false representation, by failure to disclose information or by abuse of position.
Participatory offenses[edit]
Main articles: Accomplice, Aid and abet, and Inchoate offenses
Some criminal codes criminalize association with a criminal venture or involvement in criminality that does not actually come to fruition. Some examples are aiding, abetting, conspiracy, and attempt. However, in Scotland, the English concept of Aiding and Abetting is known as Art and Part Liability. See Glanville Williams, Textbook of Criminal Law, (London: Stevens & Sons, 1983); Glanville Williams, Criminal Law the General Part (London: Stevens & Sons, 1961).
Mala in se v. mala prohibita[edit]
While crimes are typically broken into degrees or classes to punish appropriately, all offenses can be divided into 'mala in se' and 'mala prohibita' laws. Both are Latin legal terms, mala in se meaning crimes that are thought to be inherently evil or morally wrong, and thus will be widely regarded as crimes regardless of jurisdiction. Mala in se offenses are felonies, property crimes, immoral acts and corrupt acts by public officials. Mala prohibita, on the other hand, refers to offenses that do not have wrongfulness associated with them. Parking in a restricted area, driving the wrong way down a one-way street, jaywalking or unlicensed fishing are examples of acts that are prohibited by statute, but without which are not considered wrong. Mala prohibita statutes are usually imposed strictly, as there does not need to be mens rea component for punishment under those offenses, just the act itself. For this reason, it can be argued that offenses that are mala prohibita are not really crimes at all.[26]
Defenses[edit]
Main article: Criminal defenses
Criminal law jurisdictions[edit]
International Criminal Court in The Hague
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Main articles: Crimes against humanity and United States and the International Criminal Court
Public international law deals extensively and increasingly with criminal conduct that is heinous and ghastly enough to affect entire societies and regions. The formative source of modern international criminal law was the Nuremberg trials following the Second World War in which the leaders of Nazism were prosecuted for their part in genocide and atrocities across Europe. The Nuremberg trials marked the beginning of criminal fault for individuals, where individuals acting on behalf of a government can be tried for violations of international law without the benefit of sovereign immunity. In 1998 an International criminal court was established in the Rome Statute.[27]
See also[edit]
Administrative law
Civil law
International law
Legal socialization
Martial law
European Union law
International criminal law[edit]
Crimes against humanity
International criminal law
United States and the International Criminal Court
Universal jurisdiction
National criminal law[edit]
Australian criminal law
Canadian criminal law
Criminal Code of Russia
Penal Code of Romania
Criminal law of Singapore
Criminal law of the United States
English criminal law
Hong Kong criminal law
Indian criminal law
Irish criminal law
Northern Irish criminal law
Philippine criminal law
Scottish criminal law
Strafgesetzbuch (Switzerland)
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Kramer, Samuel Noah. (1971) The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character, p.4, University of Chicago ISBN 0-226-45238-7
Jump up ^ Albrecht, James F. "Law and Order in Ancient Civilizations". St. John's University (NYC). Archived from the original on July 31, 2009. Retrieved May 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ Criminal Law. Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition.
Jump up ^ "Law, Criminal Procedure," Dictionary of the Middle Ages: Supplement 1, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons-Thompson-Gale, 2004: 309–320
Jump up ^ see, Pennington, Kenneth (1993) The Prince and the Law, 1200–1600: Sovereignty and Rights in the Western Legal Tradition, University of California Press
Jump up ^ Harald Maihold, Strafe für fremde Schuld? Die Systematisierung des Strafbegriffs in der Spanischen Spätscholastik und Naturrechtslehre, Köln u.a. 2005
Jump up ^ Dennis J. Baker (2011). "The Right Not to be Criminalized: Demarcating Criminal Law's Authority". Ashgate.
Jump up ^ This is demonstrated by R v. Church [1966] 1 QB 59. Mr. Church had a fight with a woman which rendered her unconscious. He attempted to revive her, but gave up, believing her to be dead. He threw her, still alive, in a nearby river, where she drowned. The court held that Mr. Church was not guilty of murder (because he did not ever desire to kill her), but was guilty of manslaughter. The "chain of events," his act of throwing her into the water and his desire to hit her, coincided. In this manner, it does not matter when a guilty mind and act coincide, as long as at some point they do. See also, Fagan v. Metropolitan Police Commissioner [1968] 3 All ER 442, where angry Mr Fagan would not take his car off a policeman's foot
Jump up ^ R v. Pittwood (1902) 19 TLR 37 – a railway worker who omitted to shut the crossing gates, convicted of manslaughter when someone was run over by a train
Jump up ^ e.g. the partner in Gibbons who was not a blood parent, but had assumed a duty of care
Jump up ^ R v. Stone and Dobinson [1977] QB 354, where an ill tended sister named Fanny could not leave bed, was not cared for at all and literally rotted in her own filth. This is gross negligence manslaughter.
Jump up ^ R v. Dytham [1979] QB 722, where a policeman on duty stood and watched three men kick another to death.
Jump up ^ R v. Miller [1983] 1 All ER 978, a squatter flicked away a still lit cigarette, which landed on a mattress. He failed to take action, and after the building had burned down, he was convicted of arson. He failed to correct the dangerous situation he created, as he was duty bound to do. See also, R v. Santana-Bermudez (2003) where a thug with a needle failed to tell a policewoman searching his pockets that he had one.
Jump up ^ Airedale NHS Trust v. Bland [1993] 1 All ER 821
Jump up ^ e.g. R v. Pagett [1983] Crim LR 393, where 'but for' the defendant using his pregnant girlfriend for a human shield from police fire, she would not have died. Pagget's conduct foreseeably procured the heavy police response.
Jump up ^ R v. Kimsey [1996] Crim LR 35, where 2 girls were racing their cars dangerously and crashed. One died, but the other was found slightly at fault for her death and convicted.
Jump up ^ e.g. R v. Blaue [1975] where a Jehovah's witness (who refuse blood transfusions on religious grounds) was stabbed and without accepting life saving treatment died.
Jump up ^ e.g. R v. Williams [1992] Crim LR 198 where a hitchhiker who jumped from a car and died, apparently because the driver tried to steal his wallet, was a "daft" intervening act. c.f. R v. Roberts [1972] Crim LR 27, where a girl getting drunk jumped from a speeding car to avoid sexual advances and was injured and R v. Majoram [2000] Crim LR 372 where thugs kicked in the victims door scared him to jumping from the window. These actions were foreseeable and therefore creating liability for injuries.
Jump up ^ per Beldam LJ, R v. Cheshire [1991] 3 All ER 670; see also, R v. Jordan [1956] 40 Cr App R 152, where a stab victim recovering well in hospital was given an antibiotic. The victim was allergic, but he was given it the next day too, and died. The hospital's actions intervened and pardoned the defendant through condemning themselves instead.
Jump up ^ R v. Mohan [1975] 2 All ER 193, intention defined as "a decision to bring about ... [the actus reus] no matter whether the accused desired that consequence of his act or not."
Jump up ^ see https://archive.org/stream/cu31924024627675#page/n5/mode/2up
Jump up ^ c.f. R v. Cunningham [1957] 2 All ER 863, where the defendant did not realise, and was not liable; also R v. G and Another [2003] UKHL 50
Jump up ^ previously in the U.K. under Metropolitan Police Commissioner v. Caldwell [1981] 1 All ER 961
Jump up ^ R v. Woolin [1998] 4 All ER 103
Jump up ^ R v. Latimer (1886) 17 QBD 359; though for an entirely different offense, e.g. breaking a window, one cannot transfer malice, see R v. Pembliton (1874) LR 2 CCR 119
Jump up ^ Perkins, Rollin M. (1982). Criminal Law, 3rd ed. The Foundation Press, Inc. pp. 15–17. ISBN 0-88277-067-5.
Jump up ^ "ROME STATUTE OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT". Retrieved 24 April 2015.
References[edit]
Surendra Malik; Sudeep Malik (2015). Supreme Court on Criminal Procedure Code and Criminal Trial. Eastern Book Company. ISBN 978-93-5145-223-2.
EBC (2015). Supreme Court Cases Back Volume- Full Set From 1970 to 2014 and 1 Vol of 2015 Total 81 Volumes. Eastern Book Company.
Surendra Malik; Sudeep Malik (2015). Supreme Court on Preventive detention Laws (1950 to 2013) Containing case law on Over 50 central & state Statutes (In 2 Vol). Eastern Book Company. ISBN 978-93-5028-947-1.
Surendra Malik; Sudeep Malik (2015). Supreme Court on Death Sentence in Murder cases. Eastern Book Company. ISBN 978-93-5145-209-6.
Alok Bhasin (2015). Law relating to Sexual Harassment at work. Eastern Book Company. ISBN 978-93-5145-249-2.
Surendra Malik; Sumeet Malik; Sudeep Malik (2015). Supreme Court Criminal Digest 2014. Eastern Book Company. ISBN 978-93-5145-207-2.
EBC (2015). Supreme Court Criminal Manual Coat Poacket edition in 2 Vol containing Cr.p.c, IPC & Evidence Act. Eastern Book Company. ISBN 978-93-5145-064-1.
EBC (2015). Supreme Court Cases Criminal. Eastern Book Company.
EBC (2014). Civil & Criminal Practice Manual Pocket Edition. Eastern Book Company. ISBN 978-93-5145-089-4.
Prof. K.I.Vibhute (2011). Shamsul Huda's Principle of the Law of Crimes. Eastern Book Company. ISBN 978-93-5028-105-5.
R.V.Kelkar's (Revised By K.N.Chandrasekharan Pillai) (2014). R.V.Kelkar's Criminal Procedure. Eastern Book Company. ISBN 978-93-5145-101-3.
EBC (2014). Code of Criminal Procedure 1973 with Evidence Act 1872 - Coat Pocket Edition - Flexi Bound. Eastern Book Company. ISBN 978-93-5145-020-7.
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Bhavani Lal (2010). Extraordinary Trials from Law Courts. Eastern Book Company. ISBN 978-93-5028-013-3.
K.I.Vibhute (2004). Criminal Justice a Human Right Perspective of the Criminal Justice Process in India. Eastern Book Company. ISBN 81-7012-824-2.
P.L.Malik- SCC Editorial Office (2004). 2G Scam Cases, Introduction by Sudeep Malik. Eastern Book Company. ISBN 978-93-5028-681-4.
Sumeet Malik (2014). P.L.Malik's Criminal Court Handbook. Eastern Book Company. ISBN 978-93-5028-997-6.
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Ormerod, David (2005). Smith and Hogan: Criminal Law. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-406-97730-5.
R v Brown (1994) 1 AC 212
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Villegas
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Look up Villegas in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Villegas may refer to:
People[edit]
Antonio Villegas (1928–1984), Filipino mayor
Benito Villegas (1877–1952), Argentine chess player
Bernardo Villegas, Filipino writer
Camilo Villegas (born 1982), Colombian golfer
Carey Villegas, visual effects artist
Conrado Villegas (1841–1884), Argentine general
Constant Villegas (born 1986), French rugby league player
Daniel Cosío Villegas (1898–1976), Mexican economist, essayist, historian and diplomat
Diego Osorio Villegas (1540–1601), Spanish governor of Venezuela
Ernesto Villegas (born 1970), Venezuelan journalist and politician
Eruviel Ávila Villegas (born 1969), Mexican politician
Evangelina Villegas (born 1924), Mexican biochemist
Francisco Gil Villegas (born 1953), Mexican academic and publisher
Guillermo Tell Villegas (1823–1907), Venezuelan politician and President of Venezuela
Guillermo Tell Villegas Pulido (1854–1949), Venezuelan lawyer, journalist and politician
Harry "Pombo" Villegas (born 1940), Cuban Communist revolutionary
Ismael Villegas (born 1976), Puerto Rican baseball player
Jaime Villegas (born 1950), Honduran footballer
Jasmine Villegas (born 1993), American singer
Jason Villegas (born 1977), American artist
Javier Naranjo Villegas (1919–2014), Colombian Roman Catholic prelate
José Villegas (born 1934), Mexican footballer
Juan Villegas, Argentine actor
Lorenza Villegas Restrepo (1892–1960), Colombian First Lady
Luis Villegas (born 1969), American guitarist
Manuel Delgado Villegas (1943–1998), Spanish serial killer
Manuel Villegas Piñateli (died 1752), member of the Royal Spanish Academy
Micaela Villegas (1748–1819), Peruvian actress
Petter Villegas (born 1975), Ecuador-born Puerto Rican footballer
Raimundo Villegas (1931 - 2014), Venezuelan scientist
Socrates B. Villegas (born 1960), Filipino Roman Catholic archbishop
Vladimir Villegas (born 1961), Venezuelan journalist and politician
Ysmael R. Villegas (1924–1945), American Medal of Honor recipient
Other[edit]
Villegas, Province of Burgos, municipality and town in Castile and León, Spain
Río Villegas, village and municipality in Río Negro Province, Argentina
CD Villegas, Spanish football club
See also[edit]
General Villegas, town in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina
Alejandro Végh Villegas (1928–2017), Uruguayan economist
Pablo Sainz Villegas (born 1977), Spanish classical guitarist
de Villegas (disambiguation)
Disambiguation page providing links to articles with similar titles
This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Villegas.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Villegas&oldid=827668478"
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The Ranch (TV series)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Ranch
Genre
Sitcom
Created by
Don Reo
Jim Patterson
Starring
Ashton Kutcher
Danny Masterson
Debra Winger
Sam Elliott
Elisha Cuthbert
Opening theme
"Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys" by Lukas Nelson and Shooter Jennings[1]
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
2
No. of episodes
40 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Don Reo
Jim Patterson
Ashton Kutcher
Danny Masterson
Jane Wiseman
Blair Fetter
Andy Weil
Jerry Anglin
Producer(s)
Jamie Rhonheimer
Steve Tompkins
Camera setup
Multi-camera
Running time
28–34 minutes
Production company(s)
Ranch Hand Productions
Distributor
Netflix
Release
Original network
Netflix
Original release
April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01) – present (present)
The Ranch is an American comedy web television series starring Ashton Kutcher, Danny Masterson, Debra Winger, Elisha Cuthbert, and Sam Elliott that debuted in 2016 on Netflix.[2] The show takes place on the fictional Iron River Ranch in the fictitious small town of Garrison, Colorado; detailing the life of the Bennetts, a dysfunctional family consisting of two brothers, their rancher father, and his divorced wife and local bar owner.[3] While the opening sequence shows scenes from Norwood and Ouray, Colorado and surrounding Ouray and San Miguel Counties, The Ranch is filmed on a sound stage in front of a live audience in Burbank, California.[4] Each season consists of 20 episodes broken up into two parts, each containing 10 episodes.
All episodes are named after American country music songs, predominantly Kenny Chesney in part one, George Strait in part two, Tim McGraw in part three, and Garth Brooks in part four:[5] the first ten episodes premiered on April 1, 2016,[6][7] the second batch of ten episodes premiered on October 7, 2016. In April 2016, Netflix renewed The Ranch for a second season of 20 episodes,[8][9] the first half of which premiered on June 16, 2017,[10] and the second half was released on December 15, 2017.[11]
On July 4, 2017, Netflix announced through its official The Ranch Twitter account that the show had been renewed for a third season of 20 episodes to air in 2018.[12] In December 2017, a week before the release of the second-half of the second season, it was announced Masterson had been written out of the show following multiple sexual assault allegations made against him, and will appear in only the first 10 episodes of the third season.[13]
Contents
[hide]
1 Cast
1.1 Main
1.2 Recurring
1.3 Special Guests
1.4 Cameos
2 Episodes
2.1 Series overview
2.2 Season 1 (2016)
2.3 Season 2 (2017)
3 Reception
4 References
5 External links
Cast[edit]
Main[edit]
Ashton Kutcher as Colt Bennett, a former high school and college football star who returns to his hometown after a fifteen-year absence for a tryout, but ultimately helps his father and older brother on their family ranch. Colt is frequently the butt of jokes from his father and brother, particularly when it comes to his ranching skills (or lack thereof) and his disappointing pro football career. He is a heavy drinker and has a penchant for not using common sense, but he seems to have a heart of gold and tries to do right by others. Based on his various T-shirts and dialogue throughout the first season, it's implied that Colt has played for the Barcelona Dragons, San Jose SaberCats, Spokane Shock, Orlando Predators, Nebraska Danger, Iowa Barnstormers, Green Bay Blizzard, Minnesota Axemen and Philadelphia Soul. Dialogue also states that he was a member of teams in Canada, notably the fictional Saskatoon Cold ("Like the Miami Heat... only cold") and Alaska, as well as that he was in the practice squad of the Buffalo Bills. He also states in the first episode he was the back up of the back up of the back up for Florida State and won the championship in 1999.
Danny Masterson as Jameson “Rooster” Bennett, Colt's older brother. He has lived and worked on the ranch since Colt left to follow his football career, at times showing a bitter attitude for the burden of responsibility this caused him. Despite living in Colt's shadow he is far more competent on the ranch as well as a more level headed thinker. He has, however, been just as irresponsible as Colt, drinking too much and sleeping around. (seasons 1–3)
Debra Winger as Margaret "Maggie" Bennett, owner of Maggie's, and Colt and Rooster's mother. Maggie is divorced from Beau and lives in a trailer behind the bar she owns. Much more lighthearted and caring than Beau, her company and advice is often sought out by the boys on how to deal with problems, especially those concerning their father. Maggie is something of a hippie and is an avid marijuana smoker.
Elisha Cuthbert as Abigail "Abby" Phillips, a Garrison High School history teacher and Colt's high school and current girlfriend. Abby was in a five-year relationship with Kenny and was briefly engaged to him, but ultimately she broke it off and hooked back up with Colt. (recurring, season 1; main cast, season 2–present)
Sam Elliott as Beau Bennett, Maggie's ex-husband, and Colt and Rooster's father. A Vietnam War veteran, he has worked the ranch since returning from the war and taking it over after his father died. Beau is a conservative republican. Beau is difficult to get along with, perpetually annoyed with everyone and everything. He has an estrange relationship with Rooster and Colt. He detests many modern amenities and is easily angered by his sons' antics. Beau appears to be a Republican with a special affinity for Ronald Reagan but at times seems to despise all politicians regardless of affiliation.
Recurring[edit]
Barry Corbin as Dale Rivers, a hearing-impaired veterinarian and close friend of Beau's
Grady Lee Richmond as Hank, a regular Maggie's patron
Bret Harrison as Kenneth "Kenny" Ballard, a Courtyard by Marriott manager and Abby's ex-fiancé
Megyn Price as Mary Roth, a Cracker Barrel waitress and Rooster's older girlfriend
Kelli Goss as Heather Roth, Mary's younger daughter and Colt's ex-girlfriend, was pregnant with their child.
Molly McCook as Darlene Roth, Mary's older daughter
Kathy Baker as Joanne, a Cracker Barrel waitress, Mary's friend, and potential new love interest for Beau
Ethan Suplee as "Beer Pong Billy" Tompkins, a police officer and high school friend of Colt and Rooster's
Aimee Teegarden as Nikki, Heather's friend and Billy's fiancée
Chasty Ballesteros as Tanya Showers, a sexy weather reporter and Kenny's current girlfriend
Laura Vallejo as Maria, a Maggie's waitress
Sharon Lawrence as Brenda Sanders, a widowed hairdresser who befriended Beau when he and Maggie separated
Maggie Lawson as Jen the engineer, who wants to build a pipeline underneath the Bennett Ranch and Rooster love interest.
Special Guests[edit]
Jon Cryer as Bill Jensen, a loan officer and former high school football referee
Wilmer Valderrama as Umberto, a former Iron River ranch hand, former employee of Neumann's Hill at the My Little Pony Ranch. He is Rooster and Colt's friend. Currently deported.
Martin Mull as Jerry, Maggie's sometimes acid-tripping attorney
John Amos as Ed Bishop, a longtime family friend of the Bennetts and a Neumann's Hill employee
Thomas F. Wilson as Coach Fitzgerald, the Garrison High School head football coach
Debra Jo Rupp as Janice Phillips, Abby's mother (Season 2)
Jim Beaver as Chuck Phillips, Abby's father, who like Janice is disdainful of Abby's relationship with Colt (Season 2)
Conchata Ferrell as Shirley (Season 2)
Lou Diamond Phillips as Clint, a traveling musician attracted to Maggie (Season 2)
Kurtwood Smith as Sam Peterson, neighbor of the Iron River Ranch (Season 2)
Cameos[edit]
Joe Firstman
Pearl Charles
Kurt Neumann
Bukka Allen
Sam Hawksley
Thomas Rhett
Episodes[edit]
Series overview[edit]
Season
Episodes
Originally released
1 20 10 April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)
10 October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
2 20 10 June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
10 December 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)
Season 1 (2016)[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date
Part 1
1
1 "Back Where I Come From" David Trainer Don Reo & Jim Patterson April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)
When Colt Bennett returns home from Canada to try out for a semipro Denver team, he learns that his family's ranch has fallen on hard times.
2
2 "Some People Change" David Trainer Story by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson
Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Max Searle April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)
Colt runs into an ex at Maggie's bar and reminisces with Rooster over a bottle of whiskey. Getting back in Beau's good graces is a losing battle.
3
3 "The Boys of Fall" David Trainer Story by : Steve Tompkins & Nathan Chetty
Teleplay by : Jim Patterson & Jamie Rhonheimer April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)
When his inflated ego lands him in hot water, Colt realizes he's not the big man on campus anymore. Beau's doctor makes him trade in steak for salad.
4
4 "Got a Little Crazy" David Trainer Story by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson
Teleplay by : Steve Tompkins & Nikki Schiefelbein April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)
Colt smooths things over with Abby. When Maggie drags Beau to the Marriott for a romantic evening, the guys have some fun back at the house.
5
5 "American Kids" David Trainer Story by : Matt Ross & Max Searle
Teleplay by : Don Reo & Jeff Lowell April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)
Rooster and Colt's long-simmering rivalry comes to a head on the first day of hunting season. But their bickering has an upside for Beau and Maggie.
6
6 "Better as a Memory" David Trainer Story by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Jeff Lowell
Teleplay by : Don Reo & Nathan Chetty April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)
Abby gets a taste of her own medicine after a hazy night of drinking. Beau warms to the idea of mending fences with Maggie.
7
7 "I Can't Go There" David Trainer Story by : Matt Ross & Max Searle
Teleplay by : Jim Patterson & Nathan Chetty April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)
Colt figures out what he wants from Heather. A sick calf gives Beau an excuse to avoid dealing with his feelings -- and creates some unexpected bonds.
8
8 "Til It's Gone" David Trainer Story by : Steve Tompkins & Steve Leff
Teleplay by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Matt Ross April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)
The ranch's dwindling finances drive a wedge between Beau and the boys, and Colt goes behind his father's back to ask Maggie for help.
9
9 "There Goes My Life" David Trainer Story by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson
Teleplay by : Max Searle & Nathan Chetty April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)
Heather sets up Rooster with her sister, but Colt's afraid he'll ruin a good thing. Maggie and Beau air their dirty laundry at marriage counseling.
10
10 "Down the Road" David Trainer Story by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson & Nathan Chetty
Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Max Searle April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)
Colt and Rooster worry when Beau has a change of heart about the calves. But that's just the beginning of the surprises that await the Bennett clan.
Part 2
11
1 "Gone as a Girl Can Get" David Trainer Story by : Steve Tompkins & Jeff Lowell
Teleplay by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
An angry Beau clears Maggie's things out of the house. Colt tries to sort out his feelings for Abby and Heather.
12
2 "Living and Living Well" David Trainer Story by : Matt Ross & Max Searle
Teleplay by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Nathan Chetty October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
Colt struggles to keep his relationship with Abby under wraps. The boys make a big purchase and try to sell Beau on a business opportunity.
13
3 "Sittin' on the Fence" David Trainer Story by : Don Reo & Jeff Lowell
Teleplay by : Jim Patterson & Steve Tompkins October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
Beau's depressed over Maggie, so Mary tries to fix him up with a friend. Colt wonders when Abby's going to follow through on her promise.
14
4 "Let's Fall to Pieces Together" David Trainer Story by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Nikki Schiefelbein
Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Steve Leff October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
While Rooster tries to broker peace between Beau and Maggie, Colt apologizes to Heather -- but his timing couldn't be worse.
15
5 "I Know She Still Loves Me" David Trainer Story by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson
Teleplay by : Jeff Lowell & Max Searle October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
Beau and Maggie come to a decision about their relationship, but they don't see eye to eye on the ranch. The boys take Kenny out drinking.
16
6 "Easy Come, Easy Go" David Trainer Story by : Matt Ross & Max Searle
Teleplay by : Don Reo & Nathan Chetty October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
Rooster and Colt try to prove themselves to Beau, but he doesn't have much faith in them. Colt gets jealous when he sees Abby and Kenny together.
17
7 "I've Come to Expect It from You" David Trainer Story by : Jim Patterson & Jamie Rhonheimer
Teleplay by : Steve Tompkins & Jeff Lowell October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
Colt plans a special date with Abby. Rooster vents his frustrations to Maggie, while Joanne gives Beau some sage advice.
18
8 "The Cowboy Rides Away" David Trainer Story by : Nikki Schiefelbein & Nathan Chetty
Teleplay by : Jim Patterson & Steve Leff October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
Beau tries to make amends with the boys, but it may be too little, too late. A job offer drives a wedge between Rooster and Colt.
19
9 "Leavin's Been Comin' (For a Long, Long Time)" David Trainer Story by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Steve Tompkins
Teleplay by : Don Reo & Jeff Lowell October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
Maggie stands up for Rooster when Beau kicks him out of the house. Meanwhile, Colt is torn between his brother and his father.
20
10 "Merry Christmas (Wherever You Are)" David Trainer Story by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson
Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Max Searle October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
Colt realizes what he wants for his future, Beau and Maggie find some closure, and the gang celebrates Christmas at the bar.
Season 2 (2017)[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date
Part 3
21
1 "My Next Thirty Years" David Trainer Story by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson
Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Max Searle June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
After Heather drops a bombshell, a visit from Abby's parents is the last thing Colt needs -- and they all end up at church together on Christmas Eve.
22
2 "Things Change" David Trainer Story by : Steve Tompkins & Jeff Lowell
Teleplay by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Nathan Chetty June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
Heather makes a decision about the pregnancy. Mary reads Rooster the riot act for keeping it a secret, and Colt struggles with how to tell Abby.
23
3 "Take Me Away from Here" David Trainer Story by : Jim Patterson & Nathan Chetty
Teleplay by : Max Searle & Steve Leff June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
After a heart-to-heart with Maggie, Colt steps up and supports Heather. Meanwhile, the tension between Rooster and Beau takes a toll on Maggie.
24
4 "She'll Have You Back" David Trainer Story by : Don Reo & Steve Leff
Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Nikki Schiefelbein June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
Abby agrees to give Colt a chance, but her father isn't as forgiving. Beau and Rooster go to a cattle auction. Maggie thinks about selling the bar.
25
5 "My Best Friend" David Trainer Story by : Ashton Kutcher & Carla Filisha
Teleplay by : Steve Tompkins & Jamie Rhonheimer June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
The guys wind up in hot water after an ice fishing trip. Beau takes Brenda out to dinner, but Maggie's not far from his mind.
26
6 "Find Out Who Your Friends Are" David Trainer Story by : Don Reo & Jeff Lowell
Teleplay by : Max Williger June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
Emotions run high when Abby and Heather fight, leaving Colt caught in the middle. Rooster faces the consequences of blowing off work.
27
7 "One of Those Nights" David Trainer Story by : Matt Ross & Max Searle
Teleplay by : Jim Patterson & Jason Zumwalt June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
During a snowstorm, Colt and Abby head out of town, Beau and Joanne get cozy at the ranch, and Maggie meets a charming stranger.
28
8 "I Didn't Ask and She Didn't Say" David Trainer Story by : Steve Tompkins & Nikki Schiefelbein
Teleplay by : Bryce VanKooten & William Vallery June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
Colt gets possessive when Heather starts dating a teacher. Abby gives Beau relationship advice. Maggie has a business proposition for Rooster.
29
9 "Last Dollar (Fly Away)" David Trainer Story by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Nikki Schiefelbein
Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Max Searle June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
As Heather's medical bills roll in, Colt realizes how expensive it is having a baby. A surprise visitor at the bar sweeps Maggie off her feet.
30
10 "Can't Really Be Gone" David Trainer Story by : Jim Patterson & Jeff Lowell
Teleplay by : Don Reo & Nathan Chetty June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
Colt's new responsibilities keep him away from Abby. After a memorable night, Maggie ponders what she wants for her future.
Part 4
31
1 "Learning to Live Again" David Trainer Story by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson
Teleplay by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Nathan Chetty December 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)
Colt wants to buy Sam Peterson's ranch -- with or without his family's blessing. Colt and Heather have a heart-to-heart about their loss.
32
2 "Wrapped Up in You" David Trainer Story by : Matt Ross & Max Searle
Teleplay by : Steve Tompkins & Jeff Lowell December 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)
Wondering if he's ready to marry Abby, Colt seeks romantic advice from an unlikely source: Beau. Rooster hires a flaky new waitress.
33
3 "Rodeo and Juliet" David Trainer Story by : Don Reo & Max Searle
Teleplay by : Carla Filisha & Steve Leff December 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)
Beau ponders a lucrative business offer. Rooster runs afoul of the liquor board. Colt tries to make peace with Abby's Dad.
34
4 "Much Too Young (To Feel this Old)" David Trainer Story by : Jim Patterson & Matt Ross
Teleplay by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Nathan Chetty December 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)
Colt and Abby start planning their wedding, but they don't see eye to eye. Joanne confesses she still has feelings for Beau.
35
5 "More Than a Memory" David Trainer Story by : Steve Tompkins & Steve Leff
Teleplay by : Jim Patterson & Jeff Lowell December 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)
Abby moves in with Colt and Beau when she learns she's losing her job. Rooster and Jen the engineer bond over getting dumped.
36
6 "When You Come Back to Me Again" David Trainer Story by : Bryce VanKooten & William Vallery
Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Max Searle December 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)
Back in town, Maggie frets about how Rooster's been running the bar. Abby considers a career change.
37
7 "Do What You Gotta Do" David Trainer Jamie Rhonheimer & Nathan Chetty December 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)
A job opportunity in Denver threatens to drive a wedge between Colt and Abby. Maggie pushes back about the pipeline.
38
8 "Big Money" David Trainer Story by : Matt Ross & Nathan Chetty
Teleplay by : Jeff Lowell & Nikki Schiefelbein December 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)
Maggie takes a stand that lands her in hot water. Colt and Rooster come up with a plan to buy the Peterson ranch, but they need Beau's buy-in.
39
9 "Ain't Goin' Down ('Til the Sun Comes Up)" David Trainer Story by : Steve Tompkins & Max Searle
Teleplay by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Nathan Chetty December 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)
Beau shrugs off the doctor's orders and resists the family's efforts to help him. Meanwhile, Colt lashes out at Maggie.
40
10 "If Tomorrow Never Comes" David Trainer Story by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson
Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Max Searle December 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)
Beau leaves the boys hanging about the Peterson ranch. Rooster takes Jen on a date. Colt and Abby fight about their future.
Reception[edit]
The Ranch has been met with mixed reviews from critics. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the series an approval rating of 80% based on 92 reviews, with an average rating of 4.5/5. The site's critical consensus reads, "A formulaic set-up and predictable plotting are elevated by The Ranch's surprising sensitivity and strong performances."[14] Metacritic gave the series a score of 56 out of 100, based on 20 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[15]
Writing for Slate in a positive review, television critic Willa Paskin wrote of the show, "The Ranch is a red-state sitcom, though it takes place in the swing state of Colorado, and is good enough to be watched by people of any political affiliation" and "The goodness sneaks up on you."[16] Los Angeles Times wrote: "[Elliott and Winger's] scenes together, as restrained as they are, are the show's most emotionally resonant. You will want to check them out."[17]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Netflix's 'The Ranch' offers up a country-heavy soundtrack". The Rowdy. April 9, 2016. Retrieved June 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Ashton Kutcher, Danny Masterson Team For Netflix Comedy 'The Ranch'". Variety. June 17, 2015. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Ashton Kutcher & Danny Masterson To Star In Netflix Series From '2.5 Men' Duo". Deadline. June 17, 2015. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ Villareal, Yvonne (1 April 2016). "Ashton Kutcher bucks conventions on his Netflix sitcom 'The Ranch' and ponders reviving 'That '70s Show'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 12 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "ASHTON KUTCHER AND DANNY MASTERSON STARRING IN NEW NETFLIX SITCOM, THE RANCH". IGN. June 17, 2015. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ Lisa de Moraes (January 17, 2016). "Netflix Unveils Premiere Dates For 'Orange Is The New Black,' 'The Get Down,' 'Flaked' And Others". Deadline.com.
Jump up ^ "Shows A-Z - ranch, the on netflix". The Futon Critic. April 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (April 29, 2016). "Ashton Kutcher Sitcom 'The Ranch' Renewed For Season 2 By Netflix". Deadline.com. Retrieved April 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ Stanhope, Kate (April 29, 2016). "Netflix Renews 'The Ranch' for Season 2". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ Schmidt, Patrick. "The Ranch season 2 release date announcement". netflixlife.com. Retrieved 12 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "'The Ranch' Part 4 Release Date Revealed". Streaming. Retrieved 2017-10-18.
Jump up ^ Olin, Bryce (July 4, 2017). "Netflix Renews 'The Ranch' for Season 3". Netflix Life. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (December 5, 2017). "Danny Masterson Fired From Netflix's The Ranch Amid Sexual Assault Claims, Vows To Clear His Name "Once And For All"". Deadline.com. United States: Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Ranch: Season 1". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved April 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Ranch - Season 1". Metacritic. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Paskin, Willa (March 28, 2016). "Netflix's new multicamera sitcom is engineered to compete with network TV. And it's good". Slate (magazine). Retrieved April 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ "'The Ranch' is an old-fashioned sitcom, but Sam Elliott and Debra Winger make it worth watching". LA Times. Retrieved 2016-08-15.
External links[edit]
The Ranch on IMDb
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values: المزرعة (مسلسل) – Arabic

values:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ranch
The Ranch – Spanish
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es
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https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ranch
The Ranch – French
fr
fr
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The Ranch – Italian
it
it
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values:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ranch
The Ranch – Polish
pl
pl
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values:
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values:
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ranch
The Ranch – Portuguese
pt
pt
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values: Ранчо (телесериал) – Russian

values:
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ranch
The Ranch – Finnish
fi
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