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Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest
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Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest
Nathan's Wall of Fame of contest winners, 2006.
Status
Active
Genre
Hot dog competitive eating competition
Date(s)
July 4
Frequency
Annually
Venue
Nathan's Famous Corporation
Location(s)
Brooklyn, New York City
Country
United States
Inaugurated
July 4, 1916 (1916-07-04)
The Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest is an annual American hot dog competitive eating competition. It is held each year on Independence Day at Nathan's Famous Corporation's original, and best-known restaurant at the corner of Surf and Stillwell Avenues in Coney Island, a neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City.
The contest has gained public attention in recent years due to the stardom of Takeru Kobayashi and Joey Chestnut. The defending champion is Joey Chestnut, who ate 72 hot dogs in the 2017 contest. He beat out Carmen Cincotti and the 2015 champ, Matt Stonie.
Contents
[hide]
1 Rules
2 Awards
3 History
3.1 Controversies
3.2 Results (color-coded by belt color)
4 Media coverage
4.1 Live TV
4.2 Film and TV programs
4.3 Newspapers
5 Tactics and training
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Rules[edit]
Nathan's original Coney Island location
Major League Eating (MLE), formerly known as the International Federation of Competitive Eating (IFOCE), has sanctioned the event since 1997. Today, only entrants currently under contract by MLE can compete in the contest.
The field of about 20 contestants typically includes the following:
the defending champion;
winners of a regional qualifying contest for that season;
individuals qualifying as one of two wildcards (highest two average qualifier scores without winning a single qualifier); and
those invited by special invitation of the MLE. (See "Controversies" section below.)
The competitors stand on a raised platform behind a long table with drinks and Nathan's Famous hot dogs in buns. Most contestants have water on hand, but other kinds of drinks can and have been used. Condiments are allowed, but usually are not used. The hot dogs are allowed to cool slightly after grilling to prevent possible mouth burns. The contestant that consumes (and keeps down) the most hot dogs and buns (HDB) in ten minutes is declared the winner. The length of the contest has changed over the years, previously 12 minutes, and in some years, only three and a half minutes; since 2008, 10 minutes.
Spectators watch and cheer the eaters on from close proximity. A designated scorekeeper is paired with each contestant, flipping a number board counting each hot dog consumed. Partially eaten hot dogs count and the granularity of measurement is eighths of a length. Hot dogs still in the mouth at the end of regulation count if they are subsequently swallowed. Yellow penalty cards can be issued for "messy eating,"[1] and red penalty cards can be issued for "reversal of fortune", which results in disqualification.[1] If there is a tie, the contestants go to a 5-hot-dog eat-off to see who can eat that many more quickly. Further ties will result in a sudden-death eat-off of eating one more hot dog in the fastest time.
After the winner is declared, a plate showing the number of hot dogs eaten by the winner is brought out for photo opportunities.
Awards[edit]
The winner of the men's competition is given possession of the coveted international "bejeweled" mustard-yellow belt. The belt is of "unknown age and value" according to IFOCE co-founder George Shea and rests in the country of its owner. In 2011, Sonya Thomas won the inaugural women's competition and its "bejeweled" pink belt.
Various other prizes have been awarded over the years. For example, in 2004 Orbitz donated a travel package to the winner. Starting in 2007, cash prizes have been awarded to the top finishers.[2]
History[edit]
The Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest has been held at the original location on Coney Island most years since about 1972, usually in conjunction with Independence Day.[3] According to legend, on July 4, 1916, four immigrants held a hot dog eating contest at Nathan's Famous stand on Coney Island to settle an argument about who was the most patriotic. The contest has supposedly been held each year since then except 1941 ("as a protest to the war in Europe") and 1971 (as a protest to political unrest in the U.S.). A man by the name of Jim Mullen is said to have won the first contest,[4] although accounts vary. One account describes Jimmy Durante (who was not an immigrant) as competing in that all-immigrant inaugural contest, which was judged by Eddie Cantor and Sophie Tucker.[5] Another describes the event as beginning "in 1917, and pitted Mae West's father, Jack, against entertainer Eddie Cantor."[6] In 2010, however, promoter Mortimer "Morty" Matz admitted to having fabricated the legend of the 1916 start date with a man named Max Rosey in the early 1970s as part of a publicity stunt.[7] The legend grew over the years, to the point where The New York Times and other publications were known to have repeatedly listed 1916 as the inaugural year, although no evidence of the contest exists.[7] As Coney Island is often linked with recreational activities of the summer season, several early contests were held on other holidays associated with summer besides Independence Day; Memorial Day contests were scheduled for 1972,[8] 1975,[9] and 1978,[10] and a second 1972 event was held on Labor Day.[11]
In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the competition was dominated by Japanese contestants, particularly Takeru Kobayashi, who won six consecutive contests from 2001-2006. In 2001, Kobayashi transformed the competition and the world of competitive eating by downing 50 hot dogs—smashing the previous record (25.5). The Japanese eater introduced advanced eating and training techniques that shattered previous competitive eating world records. The rise in popularity of the event coincided with the surge in popularity of the worldwide competitive eating circuit.
On July 4, 2011, Sonya Thomas became the champion of the first Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest for Women (previously women had competed against the men, except in one competition that was apparently held in 1975[9]). Eating 40 hot dogs in 10 minutes, Thomas earned the inaugural Pepto-Bismol-sponsored pink belt and won $10,000.[12]
In recent years, a considerable amount of pomp and circumstance have surrounded the days leading up to the event, which has become an annual spectacle of competitive entertainment. The event is presented on an extravagant stage complete with colorful live announcers and an overall party atmosphere. The day before the contest is a public weigh-in with the mayor of New York City. Some competitors don flamboyant costumes and/or makeup, while others may promote themselves with eating-related nicknames. On the morning of the event, they have a heralded arrival to Coney Island on the "bus of champions" and are called to the stage individually during introductions. In 2013, six-time defending champion Joey Chestnut was escorted to the stage in a sedan chair.
The competition draws many spectators and worldwide press coverage. In 2007, an estimated 50,000 came out to witness the event. In 2004 a three-story-high "Hot Dog Eating Wall of Fame" was erected at the site of the annual contest. The wall lists past winners, and has a digital clock which counts down the minutes until the next contest. Despite substantial damage suffered at Nathan's due to Hurricane Sandy in October 2012, the location was repaired, reopened, and the 2013 event was held as scheduled.
ESPN has long enjoyed solid ratings from its broadcast of the Hot Dog Eating Contest on Independence Day, and on July 1, 2014, the network announced it had extended its agreement with Major League Eating and will broadcast the contest through 2024.[13] The event continues to be recognized for its power as a marketing tool.[14]
Controversies[edit]
Controversies usually revolve around supposed breaches of rules that are missed by the judges. For example, NY1 television news editor Phil Ellison reviewed taped footage of the 1999 contest and thought that Steve Keiner started eating at the count of one, but the judge, Mike DeVito—himself the champion of the 1990, 1993, and 1994 contests—was stationed directly in front of Keiner and disputed it, saying it was incorrect. Keiner ate 21 1/2 dogs, as shown on the Wall of Fame located at Nathan's flagship store at the corner of Surf and Stillwell avenues in Coney Island. This controversy was created by George Shea, the chief publicist for Nathan's, because it created much more publicity for the contest. Shea assured Keiner at the end of the contest that he would clear the confusion up but never did. Keiner never participated in any advertising or contests set up by Shea because of this.[citation needed]
Another controversy occurred in 2003 when former NFL player William "The Refrigerator" Perry competed as a celebrity contestant. Though he had won a qualifier by eating twelve hot dogs, he ate only four at the contest, stopping after just five minutes. Shea stated that the celebrity contestant experiment will likely not be repeated.[citation needed]
At the 2007 contest, the results were delayed to review whether defending champion Takeru Kobayashi had vomited (also known as a "Roman method incident" or "reversal of fortune") in the final seconds of regulation. Such an incident results in the disqualification of the competitor under the rules of the IFOCE. The judges ruled in Kobayashi's favor. A similar incident occurred involving Kobayashi in 2002[15] in a victory over Eric "Badlands" Booker.
Takeru Kobayashi has not competed in the contest since 2009 due to his refusal to sign an exclusive contract with Major League Eating, which is the current sanctioning body of the contest. In 2010, he was arrested by police after attempting to jump on the stage after the contest was over and disrupt the proceedings.[16][17][18] On August 5, 2010, all charges against Kobayashi were dismissed by a judge in Brooklyn. Despite his six consecutive victories in their annual event, Nathan's removed Kobayashi's image from their "Wall of Fame" in 2011. Kobayashi again refused to compete in 2011, but instead conducted his own hot dog eating exhibition, claiming to have consumed 69 HDB, seven more than Joey Chestnut accomplished in the Nathan's contest.[19] The sports website Deadspin deemed Kobayashi's solo appearance "an improbably perfect 'up yours' to the Nathan's hot dog eating contest.".[20]
Results (color-coded by belt color)[edit]
Year
Winner
Hot dogs incl. buns
(HDB)
Contest duration
Notes
2017 MEN'S
Joey "Jaws" Chestnut 72 10 min.
WOMEN'S
Miki Sudo 41
2016 MEN'S
Joey "Jaws" Chestnut 70 10 min. Joey Chestnut won the mustard-colored belt for the ninth time, eating 70 hot dogs and buns. Defending champion Matt Stonie consumed 53 HDB. Sudo won her third consecutive women's title. At the Giant National Capital BBQ Battle in Washington, D.C. on June 25, Chestnut set the record of 73 in an official qualifier.[21]
WOMEN'S
Miki Sudo 38½
2015 MEN'S
Matt "Megatoad" Stonie 62 10 min. Matt Stonie ended the 8 year winning streak of Joey Chestnut, eating 62 HDB to Joey's 60.
WOMEN'S
Miki Sudo 38
2014 MEN'S
Joey "Jaws" Chestnut 61 10 min. Joey Chestnut faced fierce competition from Matt Stonie, who finished second with 56 HDB. Tim "Eater X" Janus (44 HDB) finished in 3rd. This became Joey's 8th consecutive win. Sudo dethroned Thomas, the first time in the history of the competition that Thomas had been defeated since the inception of the women's division. Sudo also ended a long tradition by becoming the first champion in a quarter-century to decline to use a nickname during Nathan's competitions.
WOMEN'S
Miki Sudo 34
2013 MEN'S
Joey "Jaws" Chestnut 69 10 min. Joey Chestnut beat his own record with 69 HDB. Matt "Megatoad" Stonie (51HDB) finished second. Tim "Eater X" Janus (50 HDB) finished in 3rd.
WOMEN'S
Sonya "The Black Widow" Thomas 36¾
2012 MEN'S
Joey "Jaws" Chestnut 68 10 min. Chestnut tied his previous record, previously set in 2009. He also became the second person to win six consecutive titles. Thomas set a new women's record. Tim "Eater X" Janus (52.25) and Patrick "Deep Dish" Bertoletti (51) finish second and third once again, this time with Janus edging out for second place. Matt Stonie, who would go on to claim victory in 2015 finished fourth with 46 HDB.
WOMEN'S
Sonya "The Black Widow" Thomas 45
2011 MEN'S
Joey "Jaws" Chestnut 62 10 min. Separate competitions are held for women and men for the first time. Chestnut dominates on his way to his fifth straight title. Sonya Thomas (40 HDB) won the inaugural women's event. Patrick "Deep Dish" Bertoletti (53) and Tim "Eater X" Janus (45) finish 2nd and 3rd for the second year in a row.
WOMEN'S
Sonya "The Black Widow" Thomas 40
2010 Joey "Jaws" Chestnut 54 10 min. Chestnut (54), Tim "Eater X" Janus (45), and Patrick "Deep Dish" Bertoletti (37) round out the top three.
2009 Joey "Jaws" Chestnut 68 10 min. Chestnut (68 HDB) beat his previous record in ten minutes, setting new event, U.S., and world records. Kobayashi (64½ HDB) set a Japanese record. Patrick "Deep Dish" Bertoletti (55 HDB) finished third. Sonya "The Black Widow" Thomas (41 HDB) broke the female record.
2008 Joey "Jaws" Chestnut 59

(Eat-off: 5) 10 min.

(Eat-off: untimed; completed in 50 sec.) Event, Japanese, U.S., and world records set (59 HDB). First event using new ten-minute time limit and first tie and eat-off since 1980. Chestnut & Kobayashi tied for first with 59 in regulation. In overtime Chestnut is the first to finish a plate of five HDB in 50 seconds. Kobayashi, losing by seven seconds, finishes second. Tim "Eater X" Janus finished third with 42.
2007 Joey "Jaws" Chestnut 66 12 min. Having broken the world and U.S. records with 59½ HDB at a qualifier contest on June 2, 2007, Chestnut (66 HDB) finishes first, setting new event, U.S. and world records. Defeating Kobayashi (63 HDB) for the first time. Fifth place Sonya Thomas (39 HDB) sets female record.
2006 Takeru "The Prince"/"The Tsunami" Kobayashi 53¾ 12 min. Winner Kobayashi sets event, Japanese and world records. Second place Joey Chestnut (52 HDB), sets U.S. record. Sonya "The Black Widow" Thomas (37) finishes third.
2005 Takeru "The Prince"/"The Tsunami" Kobayashi 49 12 min. 2nd: Sonya "The Black Widow" Thomas (37) sets U.S. record, Women's record. Future winner Joey "Jaws" Chestnut finishes third with 32.
2004 Takeru "The Prince"/"The Tsunami" Kobayashi 53½ 12 min. Event, Japanese and world records set. 2nd: Nobuyuki Shirota (38), Sonya Thomas (32 HDB) sets the female and U.S. records.
2003 Takeru "The Prince"/"The Tsunami" Kobayashi 44½ 12 min. Sonya Thomas (25 HDB) sets the female record. 2nd: Ed "Cookie" Jarvis (30½, American record), 3rd: Eric "Badlands" Booker (29). Twenty competitors and 3,000 spectators in attendance. William "The Refrigerator" Perry competes, but eats only four HDB and drops out after five minutes.[22]
2002 Takeru "The Prince"/"The Tsunami" Kobayashi 50½ 12 min. Event, Japanese and world records set.
2001 Takeru "The Prince"/"The Tsunami" Kobayashi 50 12 min. 20 competitors total. All-time world records set.[23] 2nd: Eric "Badlands" Booker (26), 3rd: Oleg Zhornitskiy (25).
2000 Kazutoyo "The Rabbit"[24] Arai 25+ 12 min. The contest was won by a 100-pound 32 year old mattress salesman from Saitama, Japan. The prizes were "the coveted mustard-yellow International Belt, a huge red trophy, and 20 pounds of Nathan’s hot dogs." Misao "The Big Banana" Fujita (also known as "Wild Beast"[25]) of Japan was the runner-up and consumed 24 hot dogs. A woman, Takako "Armageddon"/"The Sweet Queen" Akasaka of Japan, was the third-place finisher and consumed 22 hot dogs. 41 year old locomotive machinist Steve Addicks of Finksburg, Maryland was the fourth-place finisher and consumed 21 hot dogs. 391-pound, 35 year old reigning champion Steve Keiner of Atlantic City, New Jersey "finished in the middle of the pack" and consumed 15 hot dogs. "Dozens" of contestants participated. A press account from the time describes this as an annual contest held regularly since 1916.[26] Another describes this as the 85th annual contest.[25]
1999 Steve "Ralph"/"The Terminator" Keiner 21 1/2 12 min. The contest was won by a 317-pound, 50-year-old man from Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey. The prize was the bejeweled mustard-colored belt.[27] Footage recorded by NY1 appeared to show that he actually consumed half of a hot dog before the starting gun was fired and should have been disqualified by the judges. Charles "Hungry" Hardy and Bartoszek Tadeusz, both of Brooklyn, were the runners-up and consumed 20 hot dogs each. Hardy charged that he could have consumed more had he been given another plate of hot dogs before time expired.[28] 134-pound, reigning champion Hirofumi Nakajima of Japan consumed 19 hot dogs.[27] Former champion Mike DeVito also participated.[28]
1998 Hirofumi "The Black Hole of Kōfu"[29]/"The Tokyo
Terror"[30] Nakajima 19 12 min. The contest was won by the reigning champion, a 135-pound, 23 year old furniture delivery worker from Kōfu, Japan. The prizes were "the coveted mustard-yellow International Belt, a huge red trophy, and 20 pounds of Nathan's hot dogs." 16 contestants participated.[31] Second place: Dominic "Hot Dog" Vaccaro (17).[citation needed]
1997 Hirofumi "The Black Hole of Kōfu"/"The Tokyo
Terror" Nakajima 24½ 12 min. Although Nathan's attempted to expand its pool of American contestants by sponsoring "a circuit of qualifying contests leading up to the grand finale on the Fourth,"[32] Japanese contestants continued to increase their influence. The contest was won by the reigning champion, a 135-pound, 22 year old furniture delivery worker from Kōfu, Japan. The prizes were "a large emerald and brass trophy, a Mustard-Yellow International Belt, and a 20-pack take-out order for Nathan's hot dogs." 100-pound, 30 year old future champion Kazutoyo Arai of Saitama, Japan was the runner-up and consumed 24 hot dogs. 330-pound, 34 year old former champion Ed Krachie was the third-place finisher and consumed 20 hot dogs. 23 contestants participated. A press account from the time describes this as an annual contest held regularly since 1916.[33]
1996 ONE-ON-ONE CHALLENGE WITH JAPAN
Hirofumi "The Black Hole of Kōfu"/"The Tokyo
Terror" Nakajima
December 4 23¼ 12 min. The contest was won by the reigning champion, a 300-pound man from Queens.[34] The prizes apparently included the bejeweled mustard-yellow belt and a trophy, if not more.[35] Former champion Mike DeVito was the runner-up and consumed 20 hot dogs.[34] 200-pound, 42 year old Guardian Angels founder Curtis Sliwa was also a contestant.[36] 20 contestants participated. A press account from the time describes this as an annual contest held regularly since 1916, except for 1939, 1940, and 1941[34]—this time held under the moniker "Battle of the Burroughs."[36] A later 1996 contest was also sponsored by Nathan's (and TV Tokyo[37]), but was held at Central Park instead of at its traditional location. It was won by a 144-pound, 22-year-old man from Japan; he had never eaten a hot dog until the day before the competition. The prizes were the bejeweled mustard-yellow belt and $2,000. 320-pound, 33 year old mechanical engineer Ed Krachie of New York was the runner-up. Only those 2 contestants participated.[38]
Ed "The Animal"[39]/"The Maspeth Monster"[39]
Krachie
Independence Day 22 12 min.
1995 Ed "The Animal"/"The Maspeth Monster" Krachie
Independence Day 19½ 12 min. The contest was won by a 350-pound NYNEX engineer from Queens. 205-pound, 33 year old Salomon Brothers vice president and reigning champion Mike DeVito of Manalapan Township, New Jersey was the runner-up and consumed 19 hot dogs.[40]
1994 Mike "The Scholar" DeVito
Independence Day 20 Unknown The contest was won by the reigning champion, a 32 year old accountant.[41] Future champion Ed Krachie was the runner-up.[40] 40 year old Guardian Angels founder Curtis Sliwa was the third-place finisher[36] and consumed 13 hot dogs.[41]
1993 ONE-ON-ONE CHALLENGE WITH JAPAN
Mike "The Scholar" DeVito
Unknown date 18 30 min. The contest was won by a former champion, a Wall Street brokerage firm worker from Manalapan Township, New Jersey. The prize was 365 hot dogs. Joe Gotay of Brooklyn was the runner-up and consumed 14½ hot dogs. Willie Dykstra of Brooklyn was the top female contestant and consumed 7½ hot dogs. 18 men and 2 women participated. The reigning champion, 290-pound Frankie Dellarosa of Brooklyn, "canceled out at the last minute due to a family emergency"[42] and was unable to defend his title. Instead, he declared that he was now retired from competitions and planned to pursue an acting career,[43] something that he would later have a modest success in.[44] A press account from the time describes this as the 77th annual contest, held regularly since 1916.[42] A later 1993 contest was also sponsored by Nathan's (and recorded by TV Tokyo), but was held under the Brooklyn Bridge instead of at its traditional location. It was won by reigning champion DeVito.[45] Years later it was stated that the prize was the bejeweled mustard-colored belt "created by the descendants of Fabergé" that remains in use today but had supposedly been held in Japan for some years after having been won by a Japanese contestant at Nathan's[32] (presumably at the February 11, 1986 competition); however, the earliest that the belt's existence is known to be documented in a press account from the time is 1996.[36] A woman, Orio Ito of Japan, was the runner-up and consumed 16 hot dogs. Only those 2 contestants participated.[45]
Mike "The Scholar" DeVito
Independence Day 17 12 min.
1992 Frankie "Hollywood"[43]/"Large"[46] Dellarosa
Independence Day 19 Unknown The contest was won by the reigning champion. Former and future champion Mike DeVito was the runner-up and consumed 17 hot dogs.[43]
1991 Frankie "Hollywood"/"Large" Dellarosa
Independence Day 21 12 min. The contest was won by a 270-pound, 23 year old engineer[47] and part-time Hofstra University football coach[43] from Queens. The prize was "a 3-foot trophy, topped with an athlete, plate, and hot dog. He also received hats, cups, and a year's supply of hot dogs." 20 contestants participated. A press account from the time describes this as the 75th annual contest, this time held under the motto "No Guts, No Glory."[47]
1990 Mike "The Scholar" DeVito
Jay Green
Independence Day 15 12 min. The contest was tied by the reigning champion, from Brooklyn, (Green) who was allowed to compete again despite previous contest rules, and a 28 year old from Staten Island (DeVito).[48] There was apparently no tie-breaking eat-off. A press account from the time describes this as the 7th annual contest.[49]
1989 Jay Green
Independence Day 15½ 12 min. The contest was won by the reigning champion, a 215-pound, 31 year old dry wall contractor, who, as per contest rules, was declared "retired" after the competition for being a two-time winner. 24 contestants participated. A press account from the time describes this as the 73rd annual contest.[50]
1988 Jay Green
Independence Day 10 12 min. The contest was won by a 30 year old limousine service manager from Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn. 13 contestants participated. A press account from the time describes this as the 72nd annual contest.[51]
1987 Don Wolfman
Independence Day 13½ 10 min. 29 year old future champion Jay Green was the runner-up and consumed 13¼ hot dogs.[51] A press account from the time describes this as the 71st annual contest.[52]
1986 Mark Heller
Independence Day 15½ 10 min. The contest was won by a 245-pound man. Robert Gerber was the runner-up and consumed 13 hot dogs. 24 men participated. A press account from the time describes this as the 70th annual contest, held regularly since 1916.[53] An earlier 1986 contest was also sponsored by Nathan's. It was won by a 264-pound, 21-year-old student from Tokyo, Japan. Reigning champion Oscar Rodriguez was the runner-up and consumed 9½ hot dogs. Only those 2 contestants participated.[54]
ONE-ON-ONE CHALLENGE WITH JAPAN
Hiroaki Tominaga
February 11 10½ 10 min.
1985 Oscar Rodriguez
Independence Day 11¾ 12 min. The contest was won by a 21-year-old man. More than 40 contestants participated.[55]
1984 Birgit Felden
Independence Day 9½ 10 min. The contest was won by a 130-pound,[56] 17 year old West German women's judo team member[6] from Cologne; she had never eaten a hot dog before the competition. Publicist Morty Matz described her as being only the second female to have ever won the contest. 17 year old U.S. women's judo team member Jean Kanokogi (and daughter of Ryohei and Rusty Kanokogi) of Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn was the runner-up and consumed 8 hot dogs. 20 men and 4 women participated. A press account from the time describes this as the 68th annual contest.[56]
1983 Emil Gomez
Independence Day 10½ 10 min. The contest was won by a 210-pound, 25 year old accountant from the Bronx.[57] His brother, Andre, was the runner-up and consumed 10 hot dogs. 11 contestants participated. A press account from the time describes this as the 17th annual contest.[58]
1982 Steven Abrams
July 5 11+ Unknown The contest was held on July 5 since Independence Day fell on a Sunday and was won by a 26 year old from Queens. He ate one bite of a twelfth hot dog.[59]
1981 Thomas DeBerry
Independence Day 11 Unknown The contest was won by a 35 year old Housing Authority gardener from Coney Island, Brooklyn. He "downed 11 hot dogs in five minutes and then rushed off with his family to attend a barbecue."[60] It is not immediately clear if the contest's duration was five minutes long or if he simply ceased eating on his own after five minutes, because he was in a hurry to attend the barbecue.
1980 Joe Baldini
Paul Siederman
Independence Day 9¾+

(Eat-off: 3½) 10 min.

(Eat-off: 3 min.) The contest was tied by a 190-pound, 25 year old (Baldini) and a 260-pound, 21 year old (Siederman), both unemployed men from Brooklyn. Each then tied again after a tie-breaking eat-off. The prizes were "two trophies and a pair of yellow plastic bags." Reigning champion Jim Mattner was the third-place finisher and consumed approximately 9 hot dogs. 28 contestants participated. A press account from the time describes this as the 64th annual contest.[61]
1979 Jim Mattner
Independence Day 14 Unknown The contest was won by a stockbroker from Queens.[61] He consumed a "record" 14 hot dogs.[59]
1978 Manel Hollenback
Kevin Sinclair
Independence Day 10 6½ min. The contest was held on Memorial Day and was tied by a 180-pound, 18 year old basketball player from Newark, New Jersey (Hollenback) and a 75-pound, 10-year-old student (Sinclair). There was apparently no tie-breaking eat-off. 28 contestants participated. A press account from the time describes this as an annual contest held regularly since 1917, except for 1942 and 1944.[10]
1975 WOMEN'S
Martha Rosenbloom[citation needed]
Memorial Day Unknown Unknown An all-female contest was scheduled to be held on Memorial Day with the winner to be declared "Miss Coney Island;"[9] the contest was won by a 19 year old Brooklyn College student.[citation needed]
1974 Roberto Muriel
Independence Day 10 3½ min. The first 1974 contest was held on April 7 (opening day for Coney Island's summer season activities)[62] and was won by a 22 year old Manhattan Community College student from Astoria, Queens; the prize was a trophy.[63] Six contestants participated.[62] The second 1974 contest was held on Independence Day and was won by a 185-pound, 24 year old from Brooklyn; the prize was "a trophy with an emblazoned hot dog on it."[64] A third 1974 contest was also sponsored by Nathan's but was held in Atlantic City, New Jersey on July 31. It was won by an 18 year old Nathan's employee from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania named Jay Tierney. He consumed a "world's hot dog eating record" 19 hot dogs in 5 minutes; the prize was "a raise—all the hot dogs he could eat throughout the summer." 30 year old Carmen Cordero of Atlantic City was the runner-up.[65]
John Connolly
April 7 9 2½ min.
1973 Unknown
Independence Day Unknown Unknown A contest was scheduled to be held on Independence Day (designated as the 106th anniversary of the invention of the hot dog) and refereed by the "1973 Hot Dog Queen,"[66] but no results are known to have been compiled and released to the public.
1972 Melody Andorfer
Labor Day 12 5 min. The first 1972 contest was held on Memorial Day and was won by a Brooklyn College student; the prize "was a book of certificates for forty more hot dogs."[8] The second 1972 contest was held on Labor Day and was won by a 105-pound, 18-year-old female community activist from Astoria, Queens; 260-pound, 19 year old Gary Silverman of Brooklyn was the runner-up and consumed 10 hot dogs. Eight men and 8 women participated. A press account from the time describes this as the 23rd annual contest.[11]
Jason Schechter
Memorial Day 14 3½ min.
1967 Walter Paul
June 30 127* Unknown The contest was held on June 30 (designated as the 100th anniversary of the invention of the hot dog) and was won by a 400-pound, 32 year old truck driver. The prize was "a trophy proclaiming him the world's champion hot dog eater." He consumed the hot dogs over the period of "one hour flat."[67][68] It is not immediately clear if the contest's duration was one hour long or if he simply ceased eating on his own after one hour, and it is also not immediately clear if he ate buns with the hot dogs.
*—Note: though Walter Paul's 1967 feat is documented in at least two UPI press accounts from the time, he has also been mentioned in passing in more recent press accounts for supposedly establishing the contest's then-record 17 hot dogs consumed; several other people have similarly been credited for records of 13½, 17½, or 18½ hot dogs consumed. The following feats are not known to be documented more fully in press accounts from the time of their occurrence and, as such, may not be credible and are not included in the Results table above:
"Several years" before 1986: unspecified contestant, 13½[54]
1979: unspecified contestant, 17½[51]
1978: Walter Paul (described as being from Coney Island, Brooklyn), 17[69]
1968: Walter Paul (described as "a rotund Coney Island carnival caretaker"), 17[50]
1959: Peter Washburn (described as "a one-armed Brooklyn Carnival worker"), 18½[70] or 17[43]
1959: Paul Washburn (described as a carnival worker from Brooklyn), 17½[47]
1959: Walter Paul (described as a 260-pound man from Brooklyn), 17[58]
1957: Paul Washburn, 17½[49]
Media coverage[edit]
Live TV[edit]
In 2003, ESPN aired the contest for the first time on a tape-delayed basis. Starting in 2004, ESPN began airing the contest live. Since 2005, Paul Page has been ESPN's play-by-play announcer for the event, accompanied by color commentator Richard Shea. In 2011, the women's competition was carried live on ESPN3, followed by the men's competition on ESPN. In 2012, ESPN signed an extension to carry the event through 2017.[71] In 2014, ESPN signed an agreement to carry the competition on its networks for 10 years until 2024.[72]
Television history
Year
Network
Announcers
Viewers
2003 ESPN
2004 ESPN Gary Miller, Richard Shea 926,000 viewers[73]
2005 ESPN Paul Page, Richard Shea 860,000 viewers[73]
2006 ESPN Paul Page, Richard Shea 1.46 million viewers[73][74]
2007 ESPN2 Paul Page, Richard Shea 1.632 million viewers
2008 ESPN Paul Page, Richard Shea
2009 ESPN Paul Page, Richard Shea, Dominic "Hot Dog" Vaccaro 1.340 million viewers[75]
2010 ESPN Paul Page, Richard Shea, Todd Harris 1.677 million viewers[75]
2011 ESPN Paul Page, Richard Shea, Rene Herlocker 1.949 million viewers[76]
2012 ESPN Paul Page, Richard Shea, Rene Herlocker 1.299 million viewers[77]
2013 ESPN2 Paul Page, Richard Shea, Rene Herlocker 1.14 million viewers[78]
2014 ESPNEWS Paul Page, Richard Shea, Cari Champion 402,000 viewers[78]
2015 ESPN2 Paul Page, Richard Shea, Melanie Collins 1.129 million viewers[79]
2016 ESPN.com Paul Page, Richard Shea, Melanie Collins 1.3 million (tape delay on ESPN)[80]
2017 ESPN2 Paul Page, Richard Shea, Melanie Collins 1.11 million[80]
Film and TV programs[edit]
The Nathan's contest has been featured in these documentaries and TV programs:
"A Different Story" (July 4, 1996) - Jeannie Moos covers the contest on CNN
"Red, White, and Yellow" (1998)
"A Hot Dog Program: An All-American, Culinary Cruise Through Hot Dog History" (1999)
"Gut Busters" (2002) Made for TV - Discovery Channel
"Footlong" (2002) - not the 2003 short film of the same name
"The Tsunami - Takeru Kobayashi" (2003) Japanese
"Crazy Legs Conti: Zen and the Art of Competitive Eating" (2004)
"The Most Extreme", "Big Mouths" episode (2004) (Animal Planet)
Cheap Seats, (2004)
"True Life" (2006) MTV documentary series
Hungry (2013) documentary film; contract dispute between Nathan's Famous and Kobayashi
Newspapers[edit]
News sources typically use puns in head-lines and copy referring to the contest, such as "'Tsunami' is eating contest's top dog again," "couldn't cut the mustard" (A.P.), "Nathan's King ready, with relish" (Daily News) and "To be frank, Fridge faces a real hot-dog consumer" (ESPN).
Reporter Gersh Kuntzman of the New York Post has been covering the event since the early 1990s and has been a judge at the competition since 2000. Darren Rovell, of ESPN, has competed in a qualifier.[81]
Tactics and training[edit]
Each contestant has his or her own eating method. Takeru Kobayashi pioneered the "Solomon Method" at his first competition in 2001. The Solomon method consists of breaking each hot dog in half, eating the two halves at once, and then eating the bun.
"Dunking" is the most prominent method used today. Because buns absorb water, many contestants dunk the buns in water and squeeze them to make them easier to swallow, and slide down the throat more efficiently.[1]
Other methods used include the "Carlene Pop," where the competitor jumps up and down while eating, to force the food down to the stomach.[1] "Buns & Roses" is a similar trick, but the eater sways from side to side instead.[1] "Juliet-ing" is a cheating method in which players simply throw the hot dog buns over their shoulders.[1]
Contestants train and prepare for the event in different ways. Some fast, others prefer liquid-only diets before the event. Takeru Kobayashi meditates, drinks water and eats cabbage, then fasts before the event. Several contestants, such as Ed "Cookie" Jarvis, aim to be "hungry, but not too hungry" and have a light breakfast the morning of the event.
See also[edit]
Food portal
New York City portal
Sports portal
Glutton Bowl
Krystal Square Off
Horsemen of the Esophagus
Man v. Food
Wing Bowl
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "2011 Hot Dog Eating Contest (Live Television Broadcast)". 2011-07-04. ESPN. Missing or empty |series= (help)
Jump up ^ Whitney Holtzman (2008-01-01). "Nathan's evens playing field". Espn.go.com. Retrieved 2012-02-24.
Jump up ^ "Famous Facts". Nathan's Famous Hot Dogs. Archived from the original on August 3, 2008. Retrieved December 11, 2006.
Jump up ^ Jason Fagone (2007). "Horsemen of the Esophagus: Competitive Eating and the Big Fat American Dream". Crown/Archetype (p. 215).
Jump up ^ "America is 204 years old". Boca Raton (Fla.) News (sec. A, p. 2). July 4, 1980.
^ Jump up to: a b Jason Fagone (2007). "Horsemen of the Esophagus: Competitive Eating and the Big Fat American Dream". Crown/Archetype (p. 222).
^ Jump up to: a b "No, He Did Not Invent the Publicity Stunt" by Sam Roberts, New York Times, August 18, 2010". The New York Times. August 18, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Robert D. McFadden (May 28, 1972). "Yesterday Was for Traveling, Strolling, Eating and Relaxing". New York Times.
^ Jump up to: a b c Howard Thompson (May 26, 1975). "Going Out Guide". New York Times (p. 6).
^ Jump up to: a b "Two share prize". Ellensburg (Wash.) Daily Record (p. 11). May 31, 1978.
^ Jump up to: a b "105-Pound Girl Eats 12 Hot Dogs to Win Contest". St. Joseph (Mo.) News-Press (sec. A, p. 2). September 3, 1972.
Jump up ^ Jen Chung. "Sonya Thomas, The First Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest Women's Champion!". Gothamist. Archived from the original on 2017-11-06. Retrieved 2011-07-04.
Jump up ^ "ESPN Locks In Hot Dog Eating Contest through 2024". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 1 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "Nathan's Famous Contest is Fourth of July Marketing Magic". Forbes.com. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "ESPN.com - Page2 - Accusations hurled at hot dog contest". Espn.go.com. Retrieved 2012-02-24.
Jump up ^ "Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest 2010: Joey Chestnut Wins for Fourth Year". Bleacher Report. 4 July 2010. Retrieved 4 July 2010.
Jump up ^ "Joey 'Jaws' Chestnut Wins Nathan's July Fourth Hot Dog Eating Contest". Daily News. July 4, 2010. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Kobayashi Arrested After Chestnut's Hot Dog Win". NBC Sports. July 4, 2010. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Takeru Kobayashi Sets World Record With 69 Hot Dogs, Joey Chestnut Wins 2011 Nathan's Famous International Hot Dog Eating Contest". Weirdnews.aol.com. Retrieved 2012-02-24.
Jump up ^ Contact Luke O'Brien: Email the author Comment Twitter (2011-07-04). "Kobayashi Somehow Sets A New, Totally Unofficial Hot Dog Eating Record". Deadspin.com. Retrieved 2012-02-24.
Jump up ^ Balsamo, Michael (July 4, 2016). "Joey Chestnut eats 70 hot dogs, 17 more than Matt Stonie, to win Nathan's title". ESPN. Associated Press.
Jump up ^ 2003 ESPN.com report
Jump up ^ "Horsemen of the Esophagus". Theatlantic.com. 2006-05-01. Retrieved 2012-02-24.
Jump up ^ Jason Fagone (2006). "Horsemen of the Esophagus: Competitive Eating and the Big Fat American Dream". Crown/Archetype (p. 31).
^ Jump up to: a b "Early eating world's best deciding match!". tv-tokyo.co.jp. 2000.
Jump up ^ "Japanese Man Wins Hot Dog Contest". abcnews.go.com. July 4, 2000. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Robert D. McFadden (July 5, 1999). "Holiday Parades March By, But the Heat Is Just Settling In". New York Times.
^ Jump up to: a b Michael Finnegan (July 6, 1999). "Nathan's Champ Called Cheat Eating Contest Rematch Sought". New York Daily News.
Jump up ^ Michael R. Blood (July 3, 1999). "Hot Dog Champ Relishes Title Defense". New York Daily News.
Jump up ^ "Dogging It—Our columnist bites into a big problem: Why can the Japanese down more dogs than any American?". gershkuntzman.homestead.com. July 9, 2001.
Jump up ^ Jeanne King (July 5, 1998). "Japanese retains hot dog competition title". Reuters.
^ Jump up to: a b Ryan Nerz (April 2006). "Eat This Book: A Year of Gorging and Glory on the Competitive Eating Circuit". St. Martin's Press (p. 15).
Jump up ^ "Japanese Goes Faster, 'Furter in Hot Dog Contest". Los Angeles Times. July 5, 1997.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Man downs 22 hot dogs to win contest". cnn.com. July 4, 1996. Retrieved February 24, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Nathan's 4th July Hot Dog Contest (caption)". gettyimages.com. July 4, 1996. Retrieved July 26, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Tracy Connor (July 1, 1996). "Sliwa makes bid for frank-eating title". United Press International. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ Ryan Nerz (April 2006). "Eat This Book: A Year of Gorging and Glory on the Competitive Eating Circuit". Macmillan (p. 63).
Jump up ^ Scott Neuman (December 4, 1996). "Japan snatches top dog title from U.S". United Press International. Retrieved July 24, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Lawrence Goodman (July 5, 1997). "Ex-Hot Dog Eating Chomp Can't Cut Coney Mustard". New York Daily News.
^ Jump up to: a b David Stout (July 5, 1995). "New Jersey Daily Briefing: A Coup in Hot Dog Land". New York Times.
^ Jump up to: a b "Chronicle". New York Times. July 5, 1994.
^ Jump up to: a b "Jersey hotdog gobbler wins back title". United Press International. July 4, 1993. Retrieved July 24, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Ryan Nerz (April 2006). "Eat This Book: A Year of Gorging and Glory on the Competitive Eating Circuit". St. Martin's Press (p. 62).
Jump up ^ "Frankie Dellarosa". imdb.com. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Ryan Nerz (April 2006). "Eat This Book: A Year of Gorging and Glory on the Competitive Eating Circuit". St. Martin's Press (p. 17).
Jump up ^ "Man downs 22 hot dogs to win contest". cnn.com. July 4, 1996.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Engineer wolfs way to dog title". Reading (Pa.) Eagle (p. 1 ). July 5, 1991.
Jump up ^ "On the Fourth, Feeling Cooked On a 93 degrees Grill". New York Times. July 5, 1990.
^ Jump up to: a b "A day to relish (caption)". Norwalk (Conn.) Hour (p. 3). July 5, 1990.
^ Jump up to: a b "Green Claims 2nd Victory in Hot Dog Contest". Schenectady (N.Y.) Gazette (p. 12). July 5, 1989.
^ Jump up to: a b c "1987 runner-up is hot dog king". Reading (Pa.) Eagle (p. 14). July 5, 1988.
Jump up ^ "Americans mark July 4 with parades, fireworks". Eugene (Ore.) Register-Guard (sec. C, p. 10). July 4, 1987.
Jump up ^ "Winner a hot dog". Eugene (Ore.) Register-Guard (sec. A, p. 2). July 7, 1986.
^ Jump up to: a b "Hot dog champion relishes his victory but craves sushi". Salt Lake City Deseret News (sec. A, p. 3). February 13–14, 1986.
Jump up ^ Jilian Mincer (July 5, 1985). "Miss Liberty Offstage, Buy City Has A Popping 4th". New York Times.
^ Jump up to: a b "German Scores in Frankfurter Contest". Daytona Beach (Fla.) Morning Journal (sec. D, p. 3). July 5, 1984.
Jump up ^ "America waves flag to celebrate Fourth". Bangor (Maine) Daily News (p. 1). July 5, 1983.
^ Jump up to: a b "It's hot in the Big Apple". Poughkeepsie (N.Y.) Journal (p. 8). July 5, 1983.
^ Jump up to: a b Robert D. McFadden (July 6, 1982). "Holiday Crowds Sample Pristine Day's Pleasures". New York Times.
Jump up ^ Paul L. Montgomery (July 5, 1981). "Rain Curtails Fourth of July Crowds". New York Times.
^ Jump up to: a b "Coney kings crowned after hotdog contest". Bend (Ore.) Bulletin (p. 25). July 5, 1980.
^ Jump up to: a b Jason Fagone (2007). "Horsemen of the Esophagus: Competitive Eating and the Big Fat American Dream". Crown/Archetype (p. 221).
Jump up ^ "Nine hot dogs get him a trophy". Wilmington (Del.) Morning News (p. 22). April 12, 1974.
Jump up ^ "Still Hungry". St. Joseph (Mo.) Gazette (sec. B, p. 2). July 5, 1974.
Jump up ^ "Hot dog eating record set". Wilmington (N.C.) Morning Star (p. 26). August 2, 1974.
Jump up ^ Linda Greenhouse (July 4, 1973). "Old-Time One-Day Fourth To Get New Angles Here". New York Times (p. 38).
Jump up ^ "Frankfurter Fan Downs 127 for Centennial Title". Milwaukee Journal (p. 2). July 1, 1967.
Jump up ^ "Man Gobbles 127 Hot Dogs". Reading (Pa.) Eagle (p. 14). July 2, 1967.
Jump up ^ "Extra! Man bites dog—15 of 'em". Tyrone (Pa.) Daily Herald (p. 6). July 7, 1986.
Jump up ^ Ryan Nerz (April 2006). "Eat This Book: A Year of Gorging and Glory on the Competitive Eating Circuit". St. Martin's Griffin (p. 61).
Jump up ^ "Hot Dog Contest sticks with ESPN to 2017". ESPN.com. 2012-05-24. Retrieved 2013-07-09.
Jump up ^ Mandell, Nina. "Nathan's Hot Dog Contest ensures its future as Fourth of July tradition with new ESPN deal" USA Today July 4, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c Sandomir, Richard (July 6, 2007). "The Hideous Masters of Gluttony: July 6, 2007". The New York Times. Retrieved July 9, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Everything But the Game: 2007-07-08". Retrieved June 26, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b "Potpourri Friday, July 9, 2010". Retrieved July 9, 2010.
Jump up ^ "More Ratings: Hot Dog Contest, Formula 1, Track & Field". Sportsmediawatch.com. 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2012-02-24.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (July 6, 2012). "Wednesday Cable Ratings: 'Dallas' + 'Futurama', 'Storage Wars', 'House Hunters' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved July 9, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Paulsen (July 8, 2015). "Ratings Roundup: Hot Dog Contest, NASCAR Xfinity, Tour de France". Sports Media Watch. Retrieved July 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (July 8, 2015). "SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 100 Saturday Cable Originals (& Network Update): 7.4.2015". Retrieved July 9, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Paulsen. Ratings Roundup: Wimbledon, Hot Dog Contest, Senior Golf. Sportsmediawatch. July 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Rovell, Darren. "Athletes with appetite". ESPN.com. Retrieved 2013-07-09.
Two Dozen Hot Dogs Please, and No, They're Not to Go by Anthony Ramirez
Sports Illustrated feature on the 2006 contest
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest.
Official website
[hide]
v
t
e
Competitive eating
Notable eaters
Patrick Bertoletti
Eric Booker
Dale Boone
Joey Chestnut
Crazy Legs Conti
Erik Denmark
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Charles Hardy
Tim Janus
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Competitions and organizations
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Hurl!
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Wing Bowl
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Defunct competitions
The Glutton Bowl
Krystal Square Off
Yankee Doodle Coffee Shop Doodle Challenge
Media
Crazy Legs Conti: Zen and the Art of Competitive Eating
Eat This Book
Horsemen of the Esophagus
Major League Eating: The Game
Man v. Food
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Parole
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Parole (disambiguation).
Criminal procedure
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Self-incrimination
Double jeopardy2
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Custodial
Discharge
Guidelines
Totality5, 6
Dangerous offender4, 5
Capital punishment
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Life imprisonment
Indefinite imprisonment
Post-sentencing
Parole
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1 US courts
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v
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Parole is a temporary release of a prisoner who agrees to certain conditions before the completion of the maximum sentence period, originating from the French parole ("voice, spoken words"). The term became associated during the Middle Ages with the release of prisoners who gave their word.
This differs greatly from amnesty or commutation of sentence in that parolees are still considered to be serving their sentences, and may be returned to prison if they violate the conditions of their parole. Conditions of parole often include things such as obeying the law, not voting in an election, refraining from drug and alcohol use, avoiding contact with the parolee's victims, obtaining employment and keeping required appointments with a parole officer. Should the parolee have legal dependents, namely minor children, they are also required to show cause of being a dedicated caregiver. A specific type of parole is medical parole or compassionate release which is the release of prisoners on medical or humanitarian grounds. Some justice systems, such as the United States federal system, place defendants on supervised release after serving their entire prison sentence; this is not the same as parole. In Colorado, parole is an additional punishment after the entire prison sentence is served, called "mandatory parole", per §18-1.3-401(1)(a)(V)(B).
Contents
[hide]
1 Development of modern parole
2 Canada
3 China
4 Israel
5 Italy
6 New Zealand
7 United States
7.1 Early history
7.2 Modern history
7.3 Difference between parole and mandatory supervision
7.4 US immigration law
8 Prisoners of war
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Development of modern parole[edit]
Alexander Maconochie, a Scottish geographer and captain in the Royal Navy, introduced the modern idea of parole when, in 1840, he was appointed superintendent of the British penal colonies in Norfolk Island, Australia. He developed a plan to prepare them for eventual return to society that involved three grades. The first two consisted of promotions earned through good behaviour, labour, and study. The third grade in the system involved conditional liberty outside of prison while obeying rules. A violation would return them to prison and they would start all over again through the ranks of the three-grade process.[1][2] He reformed its ticket of leave system, instituting what many consider the world's first parole system.[3] Prisoners served indeterminate sentences from which they could be released early if they showed evidence of rehabilitation[4] through participation in a graded classification system based on a unit of exchange called a mark.[5] Prisoners earned marks through good behavior, lost them through bad behavior,[3] and could spend them on passage to higher classification statuses ultimately conveying freedom.[5]
In an instance of multiple discovery, in 1846, Arnould Bonneville de Marsangy proposed the idea of parole (which he termed "preparatory liberations") to the Civil Tribunal at Reims.[6][7]
Canada[edit]
In general, in Canada, prisoners are eligible to apply for full parole after serving one-third of their sentences.[8] Prisoners are also eligible to apply for day parole,[9] and can do this before being eligible to apply for full parole.
Any prisoner whose sentence is less than two years is sent to a correctional facility in the province or territory that convicted him or her, whilst anyone sentenced to serve no less than two years will be sent to a federal correctional facility.[citation needed]
Parole is an option for most prisoners. However, parole is not guaranteed, particularly for prisoners serving life or indeterminate sentences. In cases of first-degree murder, one can apply for parole after 25 years if convicted of a single murder. However, if convicted of multiple murder (either first or second-degree), the sentencing judge has the option to make parole ineligibility periods consecutive - thereby extending parole ineligibility beyond 25 years and, in rare cases, beyond a normal life-span.[10][11]
China[edit]
In China, prisoners are often granted medical parole or compassionate release, which releases them on the grounds that they must receive medical treatment which cannot be provided for in prison. Occasionally, medical parole is used as a no-publicity way of releasing an accidentally imprisoned convict.[12][13]
The Chinese legal code has no explicit provision for exile, but often dissidents are released on the grounds that they need to be treated for a medical condition in another country, and with the understanding that they will be reincarcerated if they return to China. Dissidents who have been released on medical parole include Ngawang Chophel, Ngawang Sangdrol, Phuntsog Nyidron, Takna Jigme Zangpo, Wang Dan, Wei Jingsheng, Gao Zhan and Fang Lizhi.
Israel[edit]
Until 2001, parole in Israel was possible only after the prisoner had served two thirds of their sentence. On 13 February 2001 the Knesset passed a bill, brought forward by Reuven Rivlin and David Libai, which allowed the early release of prisoners who had served half of their prison term. The law was originally intended to help ease overcrowding in prisons.
Italy[edit]
Main article: Libertà condizionata
Libertà condizionata is covered by Article 176 of the Italian Penal Code. A prisoner is eligible if he has served at least 30 months (or 26 years for life sentences), and the time remaining on his sentence is less than half the total (normally), a quarter of the total (if previously convicted or never convicted) or five years (for sentences greater than 7.5 years). In 2006, 21 inmates were granted libertà condizionata.[citation needed]
New Zealand[edit]
See also: New Zealand Parole Board
In New Zealand, inmates serving a short-term sentence (up to two years) are automatically released after serving half their sentence, without a parole hearing. Inmates serving sentences of more than two years are normally seen by the New Zealand Parole Board after serving one-third of the sentence, although the judge at sentencing can make an order for a minimum non-parole period of up to two-thirds of the sentence. Inmates serving life sentences usually serve a minimum of 10 years, or longer depending on the minimum non-parole period, before being eligible for parole.[14] Parole is not an automatic right and it was declined in 71 percent of hearings in the year ending 30 June 2010.[15] Many sentences include a specific non-parole period.
United States[edit]
Early history[edit]
Penologist Zebulon Brockway introduced parole when he became superintendent of Elmira Reformatory in Elmira, New York. To manage prison populations and rehabilitate those incarcerated, he instituted a two-part strategy that consisted of indeterminate sentences and parole releases.[16]
Modern history[edit]
In the United States, courts may specify in a sentence how much time must be served before a prisoner is eligible for parole. This is often done by specifying an indeterminate sentence of, say, "15 to 25 years", or "15 years to life". The latter type is known as an indeterminate life sentence; in contrast, a sentence of "life without the possibility of parole" is known as a determinate life sentence.[17]
On the federal level, Congress abolished parole in the Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984 (Pub. L. No. 98-473 § 218(a)(5), 98 Stat. 1837, 2027 [repealing 18 U.S.C.A. § 4201 et seq.]). Federal prisoners may, however, earn a maximum of 54 days good time credit per year against their sentence (18 U.S.C.A. § 3624(b)).
In most states, the decision of whether an inmate is paroled is vested in a paroling authority such as a parole board. Mere good conduct while incarcerated in and of itself does not necessarily guarantee that an inmate will be paroled. Other factors may enter into the decision to grant or deny parole, most commonly the establishment of a permanent residence and immediate, gainful employment or some other clearly visible means of self-support upon release (such as Social Security if the prisoner is old enough to qualify). Many states now permit sentences of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole (such as for murder and espionage), and any prisoner not sentenced to either this or the death penalty will eventually have the right to petition for release (one state – Alaska – maintains neither the death penalty nor life imprisonment without parole as sentencing options).
Before being granted the privilege of parole, the inmate meets with members of the parole board and is interviewed, The parolee also has a psychological exam. The inmate must first agree to abide by the conditions of parole set by the paroling authority. While in prison, the inmate signs a parole certificate or contract. On this contract are the conditions that the inmate must follow. These conditions usually require the parolee to meet regularly with his or her parole officer or community corrections agent, who assesses the behavior and adjustment of the parolee and determines whether the parolee is violating any of his or her terms of release (typically these include being at home during certain hours which is called a curfew, maintaining steady employment, not absconding, refraining from illicit drug use and, sometimes, abstaining from alcohol), attending drug or alcohol counseling, and having no contact with their victim. The inmate gives an address which is verified by parole officers as valid before the inmate is released to parole supervision.
Upon release, the parolee goes to a parole office and is assigned a parole officer. Parole officers make unannounced visits to parolees' houses or apartments to check on them. During these home visits officers look for signs of drug or alcohol use, guns or illegal weapons, and other illegal activities. Should parolees start to use drugs or alcohol, they are told to go to drug or alcohol counseling and Narcotics Anonymous or Alcoholics Anonymous meetings. Should they not comply with conditions on the parole certificate a warrant is issued for their arrest. Their parole time is stopped when the warrant is issued and starts only after they are arrested. They have a parole violation hearing within a specified time, and then a decision is made by the parole board to revoke their parole or continue the parolee on parole. In some cases, a parolee may be discharged from parole before the time called for in the original sentence if it is determined that the parole restrictions are no longer necessary for the protection of society (this most frequently occurs when elderly parolees are involved).
Service members who commit crimes while in the U.S. military may be subject to court martial proceedings under the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ). If found guilty, they may be sent to federal or military prisons and upon release may be supervised by U.S. Federal Probation officers.
Parole is a controversial political topic in the United States. According to the U.S. Department of Justice, at least sixteen states have abolished parole entirely, and four more have abolished parole for certain violent offenders.[18] During elections, politicians whose administrations parole any large number of prisoners (or, perhaps, one notorious criminal) are typically attacked by their opponents as being "soft on crime". The U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) stated in 2005 that about 45% of parolees completed their sentences successfully, while 38% were returned to prison, and 11% absconded. These statistics, the DOJ says, are relatively unchanged since 1995; even so, some states (including New York) have abolished parole altogether for violent felons, and the federal government abolished it in 1984 for all offenders convicted of a federal crime, whether violent or not. Despite the decline in jurisdictions with a functioning parole system, the average annual growth of parolees was an increase of about 1.5% per year between 1995 and 2002.
A variant of parole is known as "time off for good behavior", or, colloquially, "good time". Unlike the traditional form of parole – which may be granted or denied at the discretion of a parole board – time off for good behavior is automatic absent a certain number (or gravity) of infractions committed by a convict while incarcerated (in most jurisdictions the released inmate is placed under the supervision of a parole officer for a certain amount of time after being so released). In some cases "good time" can reduce the original sentence by as much as one-third. It is usually not made available to inmates serving life sentences, as there is no release date that can be moved up.
Difference between parole and mandatory supervision[edit]
Some states in the United States have what is known as "mandatory supervision", whereby an inmate is released before the completion of their sentence due to legal technicalities which oblige the offender justice system to free them. In the federal prison system,[19] and in some states such as Texas, inmates are compensated with "good time", which is counted towards time served. For example, if an inmate served five years of a ten-year prison term, and also had five years of "good time", they will have completed their sentence "on paper", obliging the state to release them unless deemed a threat to society in writing by the parole board. Where parole is granted or denied at the discretion of a parole board, mandatory supervision does not involve a decision making process: one either qualifies for it or does not. Mandatory supervision tends to involve stipulations that are more lenient than those of parole, and in some cases place no obligations at all on the individual being released.
US immigration law[edit]
Main article: Parole (United States immigration)
In US immigration law, the term parole has two meanings related to allowing persons to enter or leave the United States without the normally required documentation.
Prisoners of war[edit]
Parole is "the agreement of persons who have been taken prisoner by an enemy that they will not again take up arms against those who captured them, either for a limited time or during the continuance of the war."[20] The US Department of Defense defines parole more broadly: "Parole agreements are promises given the captor by a POW to fulfill stated conditions, such as not to bear arms or not to escape, in consideration of special privileges, such as release from captivity or lessened restraint."[21]
The practice of paroling enemy troops began thousands of years ago, at least as early as the time of Carthage.[22] Parole allowed the prisoners' captors to avoid the burdens of having to feed and care for them while still avoiding having the prisoners rejoin their old ranks once released; it could also allow the captors to recover their own men in a prisoner exchange. Hugo Grotius, an early international lawyer, favorably discussed prisoner of war parole.[23] During the American Civil War, both the Dix–Hill Cartel and the Lieber Code set out rules regarding prisoner of war parole.[24] Francis Lieber's thoughts on parole later reappeared in the Declaration of Brussels of 1874, the Hague Convention, and the Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War.[25]
In the United States, current policy prohibits US military personnel who are prisoners of war from accepting parole. The Code of the United States Fighting Force states: "I will accept neither parole nor special favors from the enemy."[26] The position is reiterated by the Department of Defense. "The United States does not authorize any Military Service member to sign or enter into any such parole agreement."[27]
See also[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Parole.
Parol evidence rule
Ticket of leave
Release on temporary licence
Rehabilitation Policy
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Joel Samaha (2006). Criminal Justice. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth. ISBN 9780534645571. OCLC 61362411.
Jump up ^ John V. Barry, "Maconochie, Alexander (1787–1860)", Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, accessed 4 April 2013].
^ Jump up to: a b Joan Petersilia, When Prisoners Come Home: Parole and Prisoner Reentry. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
Jump up ^ Robert D. Hansner, Community Corrections. Los Angeles: Sage, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Gray Cavendar, Parole: A Critical Analysis. Port Washington: Kennikat Press, 1982.
Jump up ^ Normandeau, André. "Pioneers in Criminology: Arnould Bonneville de Marsangy (1802-1894)". The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science. Northwestern University School of Law. 60 (1): 28–32. Historical innovations are often created independently and almost simultaneously. This seems to be the case about the origins of parole, especially in view of factors of time and means of communication. In effect, Maconochie developed his scheme in the years 1840-1844 as governor of Norfolk Island, a famous penal colony east of Australia, whereas Bonneville's ideas came out in the years 1846-1847. Our knowledge of the slowness of communications at the time, especially in such a sector of activity, leaves us with the impression that Bonneville really did not know about Maconochie's proposal.
Jump up ^ Bonneville de Marsangy, Arnould (January 29, 1868). "Twenty-Third Annual Report of the Executive Committee of the Prison Association of New York for 1867". C. Van Benthuysen & Sons. pp. 165–178.
Jump up ^ "Types of Release - Fact Sheet". Government of Canada. 19 September 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Types of Release". Correctional Services Canada. 2014-12-01. Retrieved 2016-07-06.
Jump up ^ MacDonald, Michael (31 October 2014). "Justin Bourque handed harshest sentence since Canada's last execution more than 50 years ago". National Post.
Jump up ^ http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/winnipeg-killing-machine-who-targeted-homeless-men-gets-three-life-sentences-no-parole
Jump up ^ "China Grants Convicted Scholars Medical Parole". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved 2008-01-13.
Jump up ^ "US lawmakers demand China grant dissident medical parole". Agence France-Presse. 2005-01-20. Retrieved 2008-01-13.
Jump up ^ "Cases and Eligibility". Paroleboard.govt.nz. Archived from the original on 2012-05-05. Retrieved 2012-04-27.
Jump up ^ http://www.paroleboard.govt.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/477515/NZPB_Annual_Report_09_10.pdf
Jump up ^ Criminal Justice - Joel Samaha - Google Books. Books.google.com. Retrieved 2012-04-27.
Jump up ^ In re Jeanice D., 28 Cal. 3d 210 (1980) ("25 years to life" is indeterminate life sentence implying that minor convicted of first-degree murder was eligible for commitment to California Youth Authority rather than determinate life sentence which would require incarceration in regular prison).
Jump up ^ In 1984 Congress abolished parole for federal crimes committed beginning November 1987. The U.S. Parole Commission was enabled to continue operations for prisoners still eligible for parole, that is, who committed crimes before November 1987. "Parole system in transition assailed as unfair". Newsday, May 2, 2007.
Jump up ^ "“Good Time Credit” for Federal Prisoners." Families Against Mandatory Minimums. Retrieved on May 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ 2 Bouvier's Law Dictionary 2459 (1914)
Jump up ^ US Department of Defense Directive 1300.7, Training and Education Measures Necessary to Support the Code of Conduct (23 December 88).
Jump up ^ Herbert C. Fooks, Prisoners of War 297 (1924).
Jump up ^ Hugo Grotius, De Jure Belli ac Pacis (1625), reprinted in 2 Classics of International Law 853-54 (J. Scott ed. 1925).
Jump up ^ James M. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom 791 (1988); U.S. Army General Orders No. 100 (24 April 1863), reprinted in R. S. Hartigan, Lieber's Code and the Law of War 45–71 (1983).
Jump up ^ Annex to Hague Convention IV Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land, Art. 10 (1907) and Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Art. 21 (1949), both reprinted in Documents on the Laws of War 216 (A. Roberts & R. Guelff (ed.), 1982).
Jump up ^ Code of Conduct for Members of the Armed Forces of the United States, Exec. Order No. 10,631, 20 Fed. Reg. 6057, 3 C.F.R. 1954–58 Comp. 266 (1955), as amended by Exec. Order No. 12,017, 42 Fed. Reg. 57941 (1977); and Exec. Order No. 12,633, 53 Fed. Reg. 10355 (1988).
Jump up ^ DoD Directive 1300.7, Enclosure 2, Para. B3a(5).
External links[edit]
Look up parole in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
California Reentry Program - Helping parolees re-enter society
Term to Life Prisoner Support
How Parole Board hearings work (Directgov, England and Wales)
Community Corrections (Probation and Parole) Bureau of Justice Statistics
[1] [Rule of Parole in India]
[2] [Government of India]

Authority control
NDL: 00565053
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