text:
Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
Seal of the Speaker of the House
Flag of the Speaker of the House
Incumbent
Paul Ryan
since October 29, 2015
U.S. Congress
U.S. House of Representatives
Style
Mr. or Madame Speaker
(Informal and within the House)
The Honorable
(Formal)
Type
Presiding officer of one chamber in a bicameral legislature
Residence
Washington, D.C.
Seat
United States Capitol, District of Columbia, U.S.
Nominator
Anyone who is qualified to be a representative; in practice member of the house and party leadership. Nominations are submitted to the Clerk, but anyone eligible can be voted for as the Speaker, even without being formally nominated.
Appointer
U.S. House of Representatives
Elected by the House, sworn in by the Dean
Term length
At the House's pleasure; elected at the start of each session of Congress, and upon a vacancy
Constituting instrument
U.S. Constitution
Formation
March 4, 1789; 229 years ago (1789-03-04)
First holder
Frederick Muhlenberg
April 1, 1789
Succession
Second[1]
Deputy
The Speaker can delegate to a member of the House to act as Speaker pro tempore, presiding over the House in his absence
Salary
$223,500 / year[2]
Website
Speaker.gov
This article is part of a series on the
United States House
of Representatives
History of the United States
House of Representatives
Members
Current members
(by seniority
by age
non-voting)
Former members
Hill committees
(DCCC
NRCC)
Congressional districts
Speaker of the United States
House of Representatives (list)
Party leaders
Democratic Caucus
Republican Conference
Politics and procedure
Committee of the Whole
Closed session (list)
Saxbe fix
Committees (list)
Procedures
Origination Clause
Quorum call
Unanimous consent
Salaries
Apportionment (Huntington–Hill method)
Redistricting
Gerrymandering
Articles of impeachment
Self-executing rule
Rules suspension
General ticket
Plural district
Places
United States Capitol
House office buildings
(Cannon
Ford
Longworth
Rayburn)
v
t
e
The Speaker of the House is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives. The office was established in 1789 by Article I, Section 2 of the United States Constitution. The Speaker is the political and parliamentary leader of the House of Representatives, and is simultaneously the House's presiding officer, de facto leader of the body's majority party, and the institution's administrative head. Speakers also perform various other administrative and procedural functions. Given these several roles and responsibilities, the Speaker usually does not personally preside over debates. That duty is instead delegated to members of the House from the majority party. Neither does the Speaker regularly participate in floor debates nor vote.
The Constitution does not require the Speaker to be an elected member of the House of Representatives, although every Speaker thus far has been.[3] The Speaker is second in the United States presidential line of succession, after the Vice President and ahead of the President pro tempore of the U.S. Senate.[4]
The current House Speaker is Congressman Paul Ryan from Wisconsin. He was elected to the office on October 29, 2015, and is the 54th person to serve as Speaker. On April 11th, 2018, Ryan announced he will not seek re-election in the 2018 mid-terms[5][6][7], and thus a new Speaker will take office in 2019.
Contents
[hide]
1 Selection
2 History
2.1 Notable elections
3 Partisan role
4 Presiding officer
5 Other functions
6 List of Speakers of the United States House of Representatives
7 Recent election results
7.1 January 2011
7.2 January 2013
7.3 January 2015
7.4 October 2015
7.5 January 2017
8 See also
9 Bibliography
10 Notes
11 References
12 External links
Selection[edit]
The House of Representatives elects the Speaker of the House on the first day of every new Congress and in the event of the death, resignation or removal from the Chair of an incumbent Speaker.[8] The Clerk of the House of Representatives requests nominations: there are normally two, one from each major party (each party having previously met to decide on its nominee). The Clerk then calls the roll of the Representatives, each Representative indicating the surname of the candidate the Representative is supporting. Representatives are not restricted to voting for one of the nominated candidates and may vote for any person, even for someone who is not a member of the House at all. They may also abstain by voting "present".[9]
Although no rule exists, based on tradition and practice from the earliest days of the nation, to be elected speaker a candidate must receive an absolute majority of all votes cast for individuals, i.e. excluding those who abstain. If no candidate wins such a majority, then the roll call is repeated until a speaker is elected. The last time repeated votes were required was in 1923, when the Speaker was elected on the ninth ballot.[9]
The new Speaker is then sworn in by the Dean of the United States House of Representatives, the chamber's longest-serving member.
In modern practice, the Speaker is chosen by the majority party from among its senior leaders either when a vacancy in the office arrives or when the majority party changes. Previous Speakers have been minority leaders (when the majority party changes, as they are already the House party leader, and as the minority leader are usually their party's nominee for Speaker), or majority leaders (upon departure of the current Speaker in the majority party), assuming that the party leadership hierarchy is followed. In the past, other candidates have included chairpersons of influential standing committees.
So far, the Democrats have always elevated their minority leader to the speakership upon reclaiming majority control of the House. However, Republicans have not always followed this leadership succession pattern. In 1919, Republicans bypassed James Robert Mann, R-IL, who had been Minority Leader for eight years, and elected a backbencher representative, Frederick H. Gillett, R-MA, to be Speaker. Mann had "angered many Republicans by objecting to their private bills on the floor," and was also a protégé of autocratic Speaker Joseph Gurney Cannon (R-IL18) who had been Speaker from 1903 to 1911, and was still in the House. Many members "suspected that he [Mann] would try to re-centralize power in his hands if elected Speaker."[10] More recently, although Robert H. Michel was Minority Leader in 1994 when the Republicans regained control of the House in the 1994 midterm elections, he had already announced his retirement and had little or no involvement in the campaign, including the "Contract with America", which was unveiled six weeks before Election Day. Michel opted not to seek re-election because he had been isolated in the caucus by Minority Whip Newt Gingrich and other younger and more aggressive Congressmen.
It is expected that members of the House vote for their party's candidate. If they do not, they usually vote for someone else in their party or vote "present". Those who vote for the other party's candidate often face serious consequences, up to and including the loss of seniority. The last instance where a representative voted for the other party's candidate was in 2000, when Democrat Jim Traficant of Ohio voted for Republican Dennis Hastert. In response, the Democrats stripped him of his seniority and he lost all of his committee posts.
If the Speaker's party loses control of the House in an election, and if the Speaker and Majority Leader both remain in the leadership hierarchy, they would become the Minority Leader and Minority Whip, respectively. As the minority party has historically had one less leadership position after losing the Speaker's chair, there may be a contest for the remaining leadership positions; upon losing control of the House after the 2010 election, the Democrats created the position of Assistant Democratic Leader in order to prevent such a contest. Most Speakers whose party has lost control of the House have not returned to the party leadership (Tom Foley lost his seat, Dennis Hastert returned to the backbenches and resigned from the House in late 2007). However, Speakers Joseph William Martin, Jr. and Sam Rayburn did seek the post of Minority Leader in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Nancy Pelosi is the most recent example of an outgoing Speaker who was elected Minority Leader, after the Democrats lost control of the House in the 2010 elections.
History[edit]
Frederick Muhlenberg (1789–1791, 1793–1795), was the first Speaker.
The first Speaker was Frederick Muhlenberg: he was elected as a Pro-Administration candidate to the 1st Congress, an Anti-Administration candidate to the 2nd and 3rd Congresses, and a Republican candidate to the 4th Congress,[11] according to the Biographical Directory of Congress, though Oswald Seidensticker wrote that he was elected as a Federalist for the first four Congresses.[12]
Henry Clay (1813–1814, 1815–1820, 1823–1825) used his influence as speaker to ensure the passage of measures he favored
The position of Speaker started to gain its partisan role and its power in legislative development under Henry Clay (1811–1814, 1815–1820, and 1823–1825).[13] In contrast to many of his predecessors, Clay participated in several debates, and used his influence to procure the passage of measures he supported—for instance, the declaration of the War of 1812, and various laws relating to Clay's "American System" economic plan. Furthermore, when no candidate received an Electoral College majority in the 1824 presidential election causing the President to be elected by the House, Speaker Clay threw his support to John Quincy Adams instead of Andrew Jackson, thereby ensuring Adams' victory. Following Clay's retirement in 1825, the power of the speakership once again began to decline, despite speakership elections becoming increasingly bitter. As the Civil War approached, several sectional factions nominated their own candidates, often making it difficult for any candidate to attain a majority. In 1855 and again in 1859, for example, the contest for Speaker lasted for two months before the House achieved a result. During this time, Speakers tended to have very short tenures. For example, from 1839 to 1863 there were eleven Speakers, only one of whom served for more than one term. To date, James K. Polk is the only Speaker of the House later elected President of the United States.
Joseph Gurney Cannon (1903–1911) was one of the most powerful speakers.
Towards the end of the 19th century, the office of Speaker began to develop into a very powerful one. At the time, one of the most important sources of the Speaker's power was his position as Chairman of the Committee on Rules, which, after the reorganization of the committee system in 1880, became one of the most powerful standing committees of the House. Furthermore, several Speakers became leading figures in their political parties; examples include Democrats Samuel J. Randall, John Griffin Carlisle, and Charles F. Crisp, and Republicans James G. Blaine, Thomas Brackett Reed, and Joseph Gurney Cannon.
The power of the Speaker was greatly augmented during the tenure of the Republican Thomas Brackett Reed (1889–1891, 1895–1899). "Czar Reed", as he was called by his opponents,[14] sought to end the obstruction of bills by the minority, in particular by countering the tactic known as the "disappearing quorum".[15] By refusing to vote on a motion, the minority could ensure that a quorum would not be achieved, and that the result would be invalid. Reed, however, declared that members who were in the chamber but refused to vote would still count for the purposes of determining a quorum. Through these and other rulings, Reed ensured that the Democrats could not block the Republican agenda.
The speakership reached its apogee during the term of Republican Joseph Gurney Cannon (1903–1911). Cannon exercised extraordinary control over the legislative process. He determined the agenda of the House, appointed the members of all committees, chose committee chairmen, headed the Rules Committee, and determined which committee heard each bill. He vigorously used his powers to ensure that Republican proposals were passed by the House. In 1910, however, Democrats and several dissatisfied Republicans joined together to strip Cannon of many of his powers, including the ability to name committee members and his chairmanship of the Rules Committee.[16] Fifteen years later, Speaker Nicholas Longworth restored much, but not all, of the lost influence of the position.
One of the most influential Speakers in history was Democrat Sam Rayburn.[17] Rayburn was the longest-serving Speaker in history, holding office from 1940 to 1947, 1949 to 1953, and 1955 to 1961. He helped shape many bills, working quietly in the background with House committees. He also helped ensure the passage of several domestic measures and foreign assistance programs advocated by Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry Truman. Rayburn's successor, Democrat John William McCormack (served 1962–1971), was a somewhat less influential speaker, particularly because of dissent from younger members of the Democratic Party. During the mid-1970s, the power of the speakership once again grew under Democrat Carl Albert. The Committee on Rules ceased to be a semi-independent panel, as it had been since 1910. Instead, it once again became an arm of the party leadership. Moreover, in 1975, the Speaker was granted the authority to appoint a majority of the members of the Rules Committee. Meanwhile, the power of committee chairmen was curtailed, further increasing the relative influence of the Speaker.
Albert's successor, Democrat Tip O'Neill, was a prominent Speaker because of his public opposition to the policies of President Ronald Reagan. O'Neill is the longest continually serving Speaker, from 1977 through 1987. He challenged Reagan on domestic programs and on defense expenditures. Republicans made O'Neill the target of their election campaigns in 1980 and 1982 but Democrats managed to retain their majorities in both years.
The roles of the parties reversed in 1994 when, after spending forty years in the minority, the Republicans regained control of the House with the "Contract with America", an idea spearheaded by Minority Whip Newt Gingrich. Speaker Gingrich would regularly clash with Democratic President Bill Clinton, leading to the United States federal government shutdown of 1995 and 1996, in which Clinton was largely seen to have prevailed. Gingrich's hold on the leadership was weakened significantly by that and several other controversies, and he faced a caucus revolt in 1997. After the Republicans lost House seats in 1998 (although retaining a majority) he did not stand for a third term as Speaker. His successor, Dennis Hastert, had been chosen as a compromise candidate, since the other Republicans in the leadership were more controversial. Hastert played a much less prominent role than other contemporary Speakers, being overshadowed by House Majority Leader Tom DeLay and President George W. Bush. The Republicans came out of the 2000 elections with a further reduced majority but made small gains in 2002 and 2004. The periods of 2001–2002 and 2003–2007 were the first times since 1953–1955 that there was single-party Republican leadership in Washington, interrupted from 2001–2003 as Senator Jim Jeffords of Vermont left the Republican Party to become independent and caucused with Senate Democrats to give them a 51-49 majority.
In the 2006 midterm elections, the Democrats won a majority in the House. Nancy Pelosi became Speaker when the 110th Congress convened on January 4, 2007, making her the first female to hold the office. With the election of Barack Obama as President and Democratic gains in both houses of Congress, Pelosi became the first Speaker since Tom Foley to hold the office during single-party Democratic leadership in Washington.[18] During the 111th Congress, Pelosi was the driving force behind several of Obama's major initiatives that proved controversial, and the Republicans campaigned against the Democrats' legislation by staging a "Fire Pelosi" bus tour[19] and regained control of the House in the 2010 midterm elections. House Minority Leader John Boehner was elected as Speaker.[20]
Notable elections[edit]
Speaker Nancy Pelosi (right) with Vice President Dick Cheney behind President George W. Bush at the 2007 State of the Union Address making history as the first woman to sit behind the podium at such an address. President Bush acknowledged this by beginning his speech with the words, "Tonight, I have a high privilege and distinct honor of my own — as the first President to begin the State of the Union message with these words: Madam Speaker".[21]
This article is part of a series on the
Politics of the
United States of America
Federal Government[show]
Constitution of the United States
Law
Taxation
Legislature[show]
United States Congress
House of Representatives
Speaker Paul Ryan (R)
Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy (R)
Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi (D)
Congressional districts
United States Senate
President Mike Pence (R)
President Pro Tempore Orrin Hatch (R)
President Pro Tempore Emeritus Patrick Leahy (D)
Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R)
Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D)
Executive[show]
President of the United States
Donald Trump (R)
Vice President of the United States
Mike Pence (R)
Cabinet
Federal agencies
Executive Office
Judiciary[show]
Supreme Court of the United States
Chief Justice John Roberts
Kennedy
Thomas
Ginsburg
Breyer
Alito
Sotomayor
Kagan
Gorsuch
Courts of Appeals
District Courts (list)
Other tribunals
Elections[show]
Presidential elections
Midterm elections
Off-year elections
Political parties[show]
Democratic
Republican
Third parties
Federalism[show]
State Government
Governors
Legislatures (List)
State courts
Local government
Other countries
Atlas
v
t
e
Historically, there have been several controversial elections to the speakership, such as the contest of 1839. In that case, even though the 26th United States Congress convened on December 2, the House could not begin the speakership election until December 14 because of an election dispute in New Jersey known as the "Broad Seal War". Two rival delegations, one Whig and the other Democrat, had been certified as elected by different branches of the New Jersey government. The problem was compounded by the fact that the result of the dispute would determine whether the Whigs or the Democrats held the majority. Neither party agreed to permit a speakership election with the opposite party's delegation participating. Finally, it was agreed to exclude both delegations from the election and a Speaker was finally chosen on December 17.
Another, more prolonged fight occurred in 1855 in the 34th United States Congress. The old Whig Party had collapsed but no single party had emerged to replace it. Candidates opposing the Democrats had run under a bewildering variety of labels, including Whig, Republican, American (Know Nothing), and simply "Opposition". By the time Congress actually met in December 1855, most of the northerners were concentrated together as Republicans, while most of the southerners and a few northerners used the American or Know Nothing label. Opponents of the Democrats held a majority in House, with the party makeup of the 234 Representatives being 83 Democrats, 108 Republicans, and 43 Know Nothings (primarily southern oppositionists). The Democratic minority nominated William Alexander Richardson of Illinois as Speaker, but because of sectional distrust, the various oppositionists were unable to agree on a single candidate for Speaker. The Republicans supported Nathaniel Prentiss Banks of Massachusetts, who had been elected as a Know Nothing but was now largely identified with the Republicans. The southern Know Nothings supported first Humphrey Marshall of Kentucky, and then Henry M. Fuller of Pennsylvania. The voting went on for almost two months with no candidate able to secure a majority, until it was finally agreed to elect the Speaker by plurality vote, and Banks was elected.[22] The House found itself in a similar dilemma when the 36th Congress met in December 1859. Although the Republicans held a plurality, the Republican candidate, John Sherman, was unacceptable to southern oppositionists due to his anti-slavery views, and once again the House was unable to elect a Speaker for several months. After Democrats allied with southern oppositionists to nearly elect the North Carolina oppositionist William N. H. Smith, Sherman finally withdrew in favor of compromise candidate William Pennington of New Jersey, a former Whig of unclear partisan loyalties, who was finally elected Speaker at the end of January 1860.[23]
The last speakership elections in which the House had to vote more than once occurred in the 65th and 72nd United States Congress. In 1917, neither the Republican nor the Democratic candidate could attain a majority because three members of the Progressive Party and other individual members of other parties voted for their own party. The Republicans had a plurality in the House but James "Champ" Clark remained Speaker of the House because of the support of the Progressive Party members. In 1931, both the Republicans and the Democrats had 217 members with the Minnesota Farmer-Labor Party having one member who served as the deciding vote. The Farmer-Labor Party eventually voted for the Democrats' candidate for Speaker, John Nance Garner, who later became Vice President under Franklin Roosevelt.
In 1997, several Republican congressional leaders tried to force Speaker Newt Gingrich to resign. However, Gingrich refused since that would have required a new election for Speaker, which could have led to Democrats along with dissenting Republicans voting for Democrat Dick Gephardt (then Minority Leader) as Speaker. After the 1998 midterm elections where the Republicans lost seats, Gingrich did not stand for re-election. The next two figures in the House Republican leadership hierarchy, Majority Leader Richard Armey and Majority Whip Tom DeLay, chose not to run for the office. The chairman of the House Appropriations Committee, Bob Livingston, declared his bid for the speakership, which was unopposed, making him Speaker-designate. It was then revealed, by Livingston himself, who had been publicly critical of President Bill Clinton's perjury during his sexual harassment trial, that he had engaged in an extramarital affair. He opted to resign from the House, despite being urged to stay on by House Democratic leader Gephardt. Subsequently, chief deputy whip Dennis Hastert was selected as Speaker. The Republicans retained their majorities in the 2000, 2002, and 2004 elections.
The Democrats won a majority of seats in the 2006 midterm elections. On November 16, 2006, Nancy Pelosi, who was then Minority Leader, was selected as Speaker-designate by House Democrats.[24] When the 110th Congress convened on January 4, 2007, she was elected as the 52nd Speaker by a vote of 233-202, becoming the first woman elected Speaker of the House.[25] Pelosi remained Speaker through the 111th Congress. For the 112th Congress, Republican John Boehner was unanimously designated Speaker-designate by House Republicans and was elected the 53rd Speaker of the House. As a show of dissent, nineteen Democratic representatives voted for Democrats other than Pelosi, who had been chosen as House Minority Leader and the Democrats' candidate for Speaker.
Partisan role[edit]
The sitting Speaker, Paul Ryan, seen taking his oath of office following his election on October 29, 2015
The Constitution does not spell out the political role of the Speaker. As the office has developed historically, however, it has taken on a clearly partisan cast, very different from the speakership of most Westminster-style legislatures, such as the Speaker of the British House of Commons, which is meant to be scrupulously non-partisan. The Speaker in the United States, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives, outranking the Majority Leader. However, despite having the right to vote, the Speaker usually does not participate in debate and rarely votes.
The Speaker is responsible for ensuring that the House passes legislation supported by the majority party. In pursuing this goal, the Speaker may use their power to determine when each bill reaches the floor. They also chair the majority party's steering committee in the House. While the Speaker is the functioning head of the House majority party, the same is not true of the President pro tempore of the Senate, whose office is primarily ceremonial and honorary.
When the Speaker and the President belong to the same party, the Speaker tends to play the role in a more ceremonial light, as seen when Dennis Hastert played a very low-key role during the presidency of fellow Republican George W. Bush. Nevertheless, there are times when the Speaker plays a much larger role if the President is a fellow member of their party, and thus, the Speaker is tasked with pushing through the agenda of the majority party, often at the expense of the minority opposition. This can be seen, most of all, in the speakership of Democratic-Republican Henry Clay, who personally ensured the presidential victory of fellow Democratic-Republican John Quincy Adams. Democrat Sam Rayburn was a key player in the passing of New Deal legislation under the presidency of fellow Democrat Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Republican Joseph Gurney Cannon (under Theodore Roosevelt) was particularly infamous for his marginalization of the minority Democrats and centralizing of authority to the speakership. In more recent times, Speaker Nancy Pelosi played a role in continuing the push for health care reform during the presidency of fellow Democrat Barack Obama.[26] The Republicans campaigned against Pelosi and the Democrats' legislation with their "Fire Pelosi" bus tour.[19]
On the other hand, when the Speaker and the President belong to opposite parties, the public role and influence of the Speaker tend to increase. As the highest-ranking member of the opposition party (and de facto Leader of the Opposition), the Speaker is normally the chief public opponent of the President's agenda. In this scenario, the Speaker is known for undercutting the President's agenda by blocking measures by the minority party or rejecting bills by the Senate. One famous instance came in the form of Thomas Brackett Reed (under Grover Cleveland), a Speaker notorious for his successful attempt to force the Democrats to vote on measures where the Republicans had clear majorities, which ensured that Cleveland's Democrats were in no position to challenge the Republicans in the House. Joseph Cannon was particularly unique in that he led the conservative "Old Guard" wing of the Republican Party, while his President – Theodore Roosevelt – was of the more progressive clique, and more than just marginalizing the Democrats, Cannon used his power to punish the dissidents in his party and obstruct the progressive wing of the Republican Party.
More modern examples include Tip O'Neill, who was a vocal opponent of President Ronald Reagan's economic and defense policies; Newt Gingrich, who fought a bitter battle with President Bill Clinton for control of domestic policy; Nancy Pelosi, who argued with President George W. Bush over the Iraq War;[20] and John Boehner, who clashed with President Barack Obama over budget issues and health care.[27]
Presiding officer[edit]
James Polk is the only Speaker to also serve as President of the United States.
As presiding officer of the House of Representatives, the Speaker holds a variety of powers over the House and is ceremonially the highest-ranking legislative official in the US government.[28] The Speaker may delegate his powers to a member of the House to act as Speaker pro tempore and preside over the House in the Speaker's absence; when this has occurred the delegation has always been to a member of the same party.[29] During important debates, the Speaker pro tempore is ordinarily a senior member of the majority party who may be chosen for his skill in presiding. At other times, more junior members may be assigned to preside to give them experience with the rules and procedures of the House. The Speaker may also designate, with approval of the House, a Speaker pro tempore for special purposes, such as designating a Representative whose district is near Washington, D.C. to sign enrolled bills during long recesses.
Under the Rules of the House, the Speaker, "as soon as practicable after the election of the Speaker and whenever appropriate thereafter," must deliver to the Clerk of the House a confidential list of Members who are designated to act as Speaker in the case of a vacancy or physical inability of the Speaker to perform their duties.[30]
On the floor of the House, the presiding officer is always addressed as "Mister Speaker" or "Madam Speaker," even if it is a Speaker pro tempore, and not the Speaker themselves. When the House resolves itself into a Committee of the Whole, the Speaker designates a member to preside over the Committee as the Chairman, who is addressed as "Mister Chairman" or "Madam Chairwoman." To speak, members must seek the presiding officer's recognition. The presiding officer also rules on all points of order but such rulings may be appealed to the whole House. The Speaker is responsible for maintaining decorum in the House and may order the Sergeant-at-Arms to enforce House rules.
The Speaker's powers and duties extend beyond presiding in the chamber. In particular, the Speaker has great influence over the committee process. The Speaker selects nine of the thirteen members of the powerful Committee on Rules, subject to the approval of the entire majority party. The leadership of the minority party chooses the remaining four members. Furthermore, the Speaker appoints all members of select committees and conference committees. Moreover, when a bill is introduced, the Speaker determines which committee will consider it. As a member of the House, the Speaker is entitled to participate in debate and to vote but, by custom, only does so in exceptional circumstances. Ordinarily, the Speaker votes only when the Speaker's vote would be decisive or on matters of great importance, such as constitutional amendments or major legislation.[31]
Other functions[edit]
The speaker's office in the US Capitol, during the term of Dennis Hastert (1999 to 2007)
Because joint sessions and joint meetings of Congress are held in the House chamber, the Speaker presides over joint sessions to hear addresses by the President, and joint meetings to hear addresses from foreign leaders or other invited guests. However, the Twelfth Amendment and 3 U.S.C. § 15 require that the President of the Senate preside over joint sessions of Congress assembled to count electoral votes and to certify the results of a presidential election.
The Speaker is also responsible for overseeing the officers of the House: the Clerk, the Sergeant-at-Arms, the Chief Administrative Officer, and the Chaplain. The Speaker can dismiss any of these officers. The Speaker appoints the House Historian and the General Counsel and, jointly with the Majority and Minority Leaders, appoints the House Inspector General.
The Speaker is second in the presidential line of succession, immediately after the Vice President, under the Presidential Succession Act of 1947. The Speaker is followed in the line of succession by the President pro tempore of the Senate and by the heads of federal executive departments.
To date, the implementation of the Presidential Succession Act has never been necessary and no Speaker has ever acted as President. Implementation of the law almost became necessary in 1973 after the resignation of Vice President Spiro Agnew. At the time, many believed that President Richard Nixon would resign because of the Watergate scandal, allowing Speaker Carl Albert to succeed to the Presidency. However, before he resigned, Nixon appointed Gerald Ford as Vice President in accordance with the Twenty-fifth Amendment. Nevertheless, the United States government takes the Speaker's place in the line of succession seriously enough that, for example, following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, Speakers used military jets to fly back and forth to their districts and for other travel until Speaker Boehner discontinued the practice in 2011. The Speaker of the House is one of the officers to whom declarations of presidential inability or ability to resume the Presidency must be addressed under the Twenty-fifth Amendment.
List of Speakers of the United States House of Representatives[edit]
Main article: List of Speakers of the United States House of Representatives
Recent election results[edit]
Main article: List of Speaker of the United States House of Representatives elections
To be elected as Speaker, a candidate must receive an absolute majority of all votes cast for individuals, excluding those who abstain.[32]
January 2011[edit]
Source: Election of the Speaker Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives. January 5, 2011.
Candidate
Votes
%
✓ John Boehner (R) 242 55.6%
Nancy Pelosi (D) 173 40.0%
Heath Shuler (D) 11 2.5%
John Lewis (D) 2 0.5%
Dennis Cardoza (D) 1 0.2%
Jim Costa (D) 1 0.2%
Jim Cooper (D) 1 0.2%
Steny Hoyer (D) 1 0.2%
Marcy Kaptur (D) 1 0.2%
Total 433 100.0%
"Present" 1 0.2%
Not voting 1 0.2%
January 2013[edit]
Source: Election of the Speaker Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives. January 3, 2013.
Candidate
Votes
%
✓ John Boehner (R) 220 50.8%
Nancy Pelosi (D) 192 44.3%
Eric Cantor (R) 3 0.7%
Jim Cooper (D) 2 0.5%
Allen West (R)[a] 2 0.5%
Justin Amash (R) 1 0.2%
John Dingell (D) 1 0.2%
Jim Jordan (R) 1 0.2%
Raul Labrador (R) 1 0.2%
John Lewis (D) 1 0.2%
Colin Powell (R)[a] 1 0.2%
David Walker (R)[a] 1 0.2%
Total 426 100.0%
"Present" 1 0.2%
Not voting 6 1.4%
Vacant 2 0.5%
January 2015[edit]
Main article: Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election, January 2015
Source: Election of the Speaker Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives. January 6, 2015.
Candidate
Votes
%
✓ John Boehner (R) 216 52.9%
Nancy Pelosi (D) 164 40.2%
Dan Webster (R) 12 2.9%
Louie Gohmert (R) 3 0.7%
Ted Yoho (R) 2 0.5%
Jim Jordan (R) 2 0.5%
Jeff Duncan (R) 1 0.2%
Rand Paul (R)[a] 1 0.2%
Colin Powell (R)[a] 1 0.2%
Trey Gowdy (R) 1 0.2%
Kevin McCarthy (R) 1 0.2%
Jim Cooper (D) 1 0.2%
Peter DeFazio (D) 1 0.2%
Jeff Sessions (R)[a] 1 0.2%
John Lewis (D) 1 0.2%
Total 408 100.0%
"Present" 1 0.2%
Not voting 25 5.7%
Vacant 1 0.2%
October 2015[edit]
Main article: Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election, October 2015
On September 25, 2015, Speaker Boehner formally announced to the Republican congressional caucus of his intention to resign from the House on October 30, 2015, which necessitated an election for a new speaker before that time.[33] The election was held on October 29.[34]
Candidate
Votes
%
✓ Paul Ryan (R) 236 54.3%
Nancy Pelosi (D) 184 42.3%
Dan Webster (R) 9 2.0%
Colin Powell (R)[a] 1 0.2%
Jim Cooper (D) 1 0.2%
John Lewis (D) 1 0.2%
Total 432
Not voting 3
Vacant 0
January 2017[edit]
Main article: Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election, 2017
Candidate
Votes
%
✓ Paul Ryan (R) 239 55.2%
Nancy Pelosi (D) 189 43.6%
Tim Ryan (D) 2 0.5%
Jim Cooper (D) 1 0.2%
John Lewis (D) 1 0.2%
Dan Webster (R) 1 0.2%
Total 433
Not voting 2
Vacant 0
See also[edit]
Government of the United States portal
List of Speakers of the United States House of Representatives
Leaders of the United States House of Representatives
Bibliography[edit]
Beth, Richard S.; Heitshusen, Valerie (January 4, 2013). "Speakers of the House: Elections, 1913–2013" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved January 14, 2015.
Garraty, John, ed. American National Biography (1999) 20 volumes; contains scholarly biographies of all Speakers no longer alive.
Green, Matthew N. The Speaker of the House: A Study of Leadership (Yale University Press; 2010) 292 pages; Examines partisan pressures and other factors that shaped the leadership of the speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives; focuses on the period since 1940.
Grossman, Mark. Speakers of the House of Representatives (Amenia, NY: Grey House Publishing, 2009). The comprehensive work on the subject, covering, in depth, the lives of the Speakers from Frederick Muhlenberg to Nancy Pelosi.
Remini, Robert V. The House: the History of the House of Representatives (Smithsonian Books, 2006). The standard scholarly history.
Rohde, David W. Parties and Leaders in the Postreform House (1991).
Smock, Raymond W., and Susan W. Hammond, eds. Masters of the House: Congressional Leadership Over Two Centuries (1998). Short biographies of key leaders.
Zelizer. Julian E. ed. The American Congress: The Building of Democracy (2004). A comprehensive history by 40 scholars.
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Not a sitting member of the House of Representatives.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "3 U.S. Code § 19 - Vacancy in offices of both President and Vice President; officers eligible to act".
Jump up ^ Brudnick, Ida A. (January 4, 2012). "Congressional Salaries and Allowances" (PDF). CRS Report for Congress. United States House of Representatives. Retrieved December 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives". Clerk.house.gov. Retrieved August 10, 2012.
Jump up ^ See the United States Presidential Line of Succession statute, 3 U.S.C. § 19
Jump up ^ CNN, Phil Mattingly and Maegan Vazquez,. "House Speaker Paul Ryan won't seek re-election". CNN. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ Martin, Jonathan; Burns, Alexander (April 11, 2018). "Speaker Paul Ryan Will Not Seek Re-election in November". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ Costa, Robert; Kim, Seung Min; Wagner, John (April 11, 2018). "House Speaker Paul Ryan will not seek reelection, he tells friends and colleagues". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ Beth, Richard S.; Heitshusen, Valerie (January 4, 2017). Speakers of the House: Elections, 1913-2017 (PDF). Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "We're sorry, that page can't be found" (PDF).
Jump up ^ Ripley, Party Leaders in the House of Representatives, pp. 98-99.
Jump up ^ "Muhlenberg, Frederick Augustus Conrad" http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M001063 .
Jump up ^ Oswald Seidensticker, "Frederick Augustus Conrad Muhlenberg, Speaker of the House of Representatives, in the First Congress, 1789," Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography Vol. 13, No. 2 (Jul. 1889), pp. 184-206 in JSTOR
Jump up ^ C Stewart III, Architect or tactician? Henry Clay and the institutional development of the US House of Representatives" 1998, online
Jump up ^ Robinson, William A. "Thomas B. Reed, Parliamentarian". The American Historical Review, October 1931. pp. 137–138.
Jump up ^ Oleszek, Walter J. (December 1998). "A Pre-Twentieth Century Look at the House Committee on Rules". U.S. House of Representatives. Archived from the original on August 25, 2005. Retrieved July 5, 2007.
Jump up ^ Charles O. Jones, "Joseph G. Cannon and Howard W. Smith: An Essay on the Limits of Leadership in the House of Representatives," Journal of Politics (1968), 30: 617-646 doi:10.2307/2128798
Jump up ^ "Sam Rayburn House Museum". Texas Historical Commission. Archived from the original on July 1, 2007. Retrieved July 5, 2007.
Jump up ^ See Party Divisions of United States Congresses
^ Jump up to: a b Condon, Stephanie (August 6, 2010). "GOP to Launch "Fire Pelosi" Bus Tour". CBS News. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Sanchez, Ray (November 3, 2010). "Nancy Pelosi: House Speaker's Exclusive Interview With Diane Sawyer – ABC News". Abcnews.go.com. Retrieved December 6, 2011.
Jump up ^ Bush, George W. (January 23, 2007). "President Bush Delivers State of the Union Address". The White House. Archived from the original on May 2, 2013. Retrieved August 26, 2007.
Jump up ^ Allan Nevins. Ordeal of the Union, Volume II: A House Dividing 1852–1857 (New York, 1947), 413-415.
Jump up ^ Allan Nevins. The Emergence of Lincoln, Volume II: Prologue to Civil War, 1859–1861 (New York, 1950), 116-123.
Jump up ^ San Francisco Commission on the Status of Women Archived September 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.. City & County of San Francisco, November 16, 2006. Retrieved on July 5, 2007.
Jump up ^ John M. Broder (January 5, 2007). "Jubilant Democrats Assume Control on Capitol Hill". The New York Times. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Nancy Pelosi steeled White House for health push – Carrie Budoff Brown and Glenn Thrush". Politico.Com. Retrieved December 6, 2011.
Jump up ^ Hurst, Steven R. (January 5, 2011). "Republicans take charge of US House, poised for clashes with Obama over spending, health care". 1310 News. Retrieved January 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ Speaker of the House Law & Legal Definition. Retrieved March 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ Speaker Pro Tempore Law & Legal Definition. Retrieved March 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Rules of the House of Representatives" (PDF). January 6, 2015. Retrieved October 21, 2015.
Jump up ^ [Americapedia: Taking the Dumb Out of Freedom Jodi Lynn Anderson, Daniel Ehrenhaft & Andisheh Nouraee] 2011, Bloomsbury Publishing Page 26.
Jump up ^ Heitshusen, Valerie (October 23, 2015). "Electing the Speaker of the House of Representatives: Frequently Asked Questions" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. p. 2.
Jump up ^ Shesgreen, Deirdre; Allen, Cooper (September 25, 2015). "Speaker John Boehner to resign from Congress". USA Today.
Jump up ^ "FINAL VOTE RESULTS FOR ROLL CALL 581". Clerk of US House of Representatives. October 29, 2015. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
External links[edit]
"Speaker of the House of Representatives". Retrieved 30 October 2016. Official Website, Information about role as party leader, powers as presiding officer.
"Capitol Questions." C-SPAN (2003). Notable elections and role.
The Cannon Centenary Conference: The Changing Nature of the Speakership. (2003). House Document 108-204. History, nature and role of the Speakership.
Congressional Quarterly's Guide to Congress, 5th ed. (2000). Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Press.
Wilson, Woodrow. (1885). Congressional Government. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
Current U.S. presidential line of succession
Preceded by
Vice President
Mike Pence 2nd in line Succeeded by
President pro tempore of the Senate
Orrin Hatch
[show]
v
t
e
Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
Muhlenberg
Trumbull
Dayton
Sedgwick
Macon
Varnum
Clay
Cheves
Taylor
Barbour
Stevenson
Bell
Polk
Hunter
White
Jones
Davis
Winthrop
Cobb
Boyd
Banks
Orr
Pennington
Grow
Colfax
Pomeroy
Blaine
Kerr
Randall
Keifer
Carlisle
Reed
Crisp
Henderson
Cannon
Clark
Gillett
Longworth
Garner
Rainey
Byrns
Bankhead
Rayburn
Martin
McCormack
Albert
O'Neill
Wright
Foley
Gingrich
Hastert
Pelosi
Boehner
Ryan
[show]
v
t
e
Presidential line of succession in the United States of America
Vice President (Mike Pence)
Speaker of the House of Representatives (Paul Ryan)
President pro tempore of the Senate (Orrin Hatch)
Secretary of State (Mike Pompeo)
Secretary of the Treasury (Steven Mnuchin)
Secretary of Defense (Jim Mattis)
Attorney General (Jeff Sessions)
Secretary of the Interior (Ryan Zinke)
Secretary of Agriculture (Sonny Perdue)
Secretary of Commerce (Wilbur Ross)
Secretary of Labor (Alex Acosta)
Secretary of Health and Human Services (Alex Azar)
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (Ben Carson)
Secretary of Transportation (Elaine Chao[a])
Secretary of Energy (Rick Perry)
Secretary of Education (Betsy DeVos)
Secretary of Veterans Affairs (Robert Wilkie)
Secretary of Homeland Security (Kirstjen Nielsen)
Jump up ^ Although Elaine Chao is the current Secretary of Transportation, she is not a natural-born citizen (acquired U.S. citizenship by naturalization) and thus ineligible for the presidency.
[show]
v
t
e
United States Congress
House of Representatives
Senate
(114th←115th→116th)
Lists of congressional lists
[show]
Members and leaders
Members
Current
By length of service
Freshmen
Youngest members
Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico
Delegates
Senate
Current
by seniority
Dean of the Senate
Former U.S. Senators
living
Earliest serving
Earliest living
Expelled or censured
Classes
Born outside the U.S.
House
Current
by seniority
Dean of the House
Former U.S. Representatives
living
Oldest living
Earliest serving
Expelled, censured, and reprimanded
Leaders
Senate
President (list)
President pro tempore (list)
Majority and minority leaders
Assistant party leaders
Democratic Caucus (Chair
Secretary
Policy Committee Chair)
Republican Conference (Chair
Vice-Chair
Policy Committee Chair)
House
Speaker
Leaders
Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group
Democratic Caucus
Republican Conference
Districts
List
Apportionment
Caucuses,
women and
minorities
Congressional caucus
African Americans in the House
Congressional Black Caucus
African Americans in the Senate
Arab and Middle-Eastern members
Asian Pacific American members
Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus
Hispanic and Latino members
Congressional Hispanic Caucus
Congressional Hispanic Conference
Jewish members
LGBT members
LGBT Equality Caucus
Native American members
Women in the House
Congressional Caucus for Women's Issues
Women in the Senate
Related
By length of service historically
[show]
Powers, privileges, procedure, committees, history, and media
Powers
Article I
Copyright
Commerce (Dormant)
Contempt of Congress
Declaration of war
Impeachment
Naturalization
"Necessary and Proper"
Power of enforcement
Taxing/spending
Privileges and
benefits
Salaries
Franking
Immunity
Procedure
Act of Congress (list)
Appropriation bill
Blue slip
Budget resolution
Censure
Closed sessions
House
Senate
Cloture
Concurrent resolution
Continuing resolution
Dear colleague letter
Discharge petition
Engrossed bill
Enrolled bill
Expulsion
Joint resolution
Joint session (list)
Lame-duck session
Majority of the majority (Hastert Rule)
Multiple referral
Procedures (House)
Quorum call
Reconciliation
Rider
Saxbe fix
Sponsorship
Suspension of the rules
Unanimous consent
Veto
Line-item veto
Pocket veto
Veto override
Senate-specific
Advice and consent
Classes
Executive communication
Executive session
Filibuster
Jefferson's Manual
Senate Journal
Morning business
Nuclear option
Presiding Officer
Recess appointment
Reconciliation
Riddick's Senate Procedure
Senate hold
Senatorial courtesy
Seniority
Standing Rules
Tie-breaking votes
Traditions
Treaty Clause
Committees
Chairman and ranking member
Of the Whole
Conference
Discharge petition
Hearings
Markup
Oversight
List (Joint)
List (House)
List (Senate)
Select and special
Standing
Subcommittees
Items
Gavels
Mace of the House
Seal of the Senate
History
Biographical Directory
Congressional apportionment
Divided government
House
Gerrymandering
Party control
Senate
Senate election disputes
Senatorial memoirs
Representative memoirs
Media
C-SPAN
Congressional Quarterly
The Hill
Politico
Roll Call
[show]
Offices, employees, services, and the Capitol Complex
Legislative
offices
Congressional staff
Government Accountability Office (Comptroller General)
Architect of the Capitol
Capitol Police (Capitol Police Board)
Capitol Guide Service (Capitol Guide Board)
Congressional Budget Office (CBO)
Compliance
Library of Congress
Government Publishing Office (GPO)
Technology Assessment
Offices
Senate
Curator
Historical
Library
House
Congressional Ethics
Emergency Planning, Preparedness, and Operations
Interparliamentary Affairs
Legislative Counsel
Law Revision Counsel
Library
Employees
Senate
Secretary
Chaplain
Curator
Inspector General
Historian
Librarian
Pages
Parliamentarian
Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper
House
Chaplain
Chief Administrative Officer
Clerk
Doorkeeper
Floor Operations
Floor Services Chief
Historian
Pages (Page Board)
Parliamentarian
Postmaster
Reading Clerk
Sergeant at Arms
Library of
Congress
Congressional Research Service (reports)
Copyright Office (Register of Copyrights)
Law Library
Poet Laureate
THOMAS
Adams Building
Jefferson Building
Madison Building
Government
Publishing Office
Public Printer
Congressional Pictorial Directory
Congressional Record
Official Congressional Directory
United States Government Manual
Serial Set
Statutes at Large
United States Code
Capitol
Brumidi Corridors
Congressional Prayer Room
Crypt
Dome
Statue of Freedom
Rotunda
Hall of Columns
Statuary Hall
Visitor Center
The Apotheosis of Washington
Statue of Freedom
Declaration of Independence painting
Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States
Apotheosis of Democracy
First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln
Surrender of General Burgoyne
Surrender of Lord Cornwallis
Revolutionary War Door
Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way
Vice President's Room
Vice Presidential Bust Collection
Office
buildings
Senate
Dirksen
Hart
Mountains and Clouds
Russell
House
Building Commission
Cannon
Ford
Longworth
O'Neill
Rayburn
Other
facilities
Botanic Garden
Health and Fitness Facility
House Recording Studio
Senate chamber
Old Senate Chamber
Old Supreme Court Chamber
Power Plant
Webster Page Residence
Subway

`
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&oldid=838400143"
Categories:
Speakers of the United States House of Representatives
Lists of office-holders in the United States
Lists of members of the United States House of Representatives
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
Articles needing additional references from March 2017
All articles needing additional references
Use mdy dates from October 2015
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Català
Čeština
Deutsch
Español
فارسی
Français
한국어
Bahasa Indonesia
Íslenska
Italiano
עברית
Magyar
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Polski
Português
Русский
Scots
Simple English
Suomi
Svenska
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Việt
中文
19 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 26 April 2018, at 19:16.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

values: Seal of the Speaker of the US House of Representatives.svg

values: text-align:center;padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;

values: Flag of the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives.svg

values: Speaker Paul Ryan official photo (cropped 2).jpg

values: padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9; line-height:1.4em;

values:
/wiki/District_of_Columbia
mw-redirect
District of Columbia

values: Dean of the United States House of Representatives

values:
/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States
mw-redirect
Constitution of the United States

values: United States presidential line of succession

values:
nofollow
http://www.speaker.gov/
external text

values: Category:United States House of Representatives

values: Great Seal of the United States House of Representatives

values: History of the United States House of Representatives

values: Current members of the United States House of Representatives

values: Seniority in the United States House of Representatives

values: List of the oldest living members of the United States House of Representatives

values: Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives

values: List of former members of the United States House of Representatives

values: Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee

values: National Republican Congressional Committee

values: List of United States congressional districts

values: List of Speakers of the United States House of Representatives

values: Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives

values: Democratic Caucus of the United States House of Representatives

values: Republican Conference of the United States House of Representatives

values: Committee of the Whole (United States House of Representatives)

values: Closed session of the United States Congress

values: Closed sessions of the United States House of Representatives

values: List of United States House of Representatives committees

values: Procedures of the United States House of Representatives

values: Salaries of members of the United States Congress

values: United States congressional apportionment

values: Suspension of the rules in the United States Congress

values: Template:United States House of Representatives

values: Template talk:United States House of Representatives

values: float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;width:18em;

values: Article One of the United States Constitution

values: President pro tempore of the United States Senate

values: United States House of Representatives elections, 2018

values: Standing committee (United States Congress)

values:
/wiki/James_Robert_Mann_(Illinois)
mw-redirect
James Robert Mann (Illinois)

values:
/wiki/Minority_Whip
mw-redirect
Minority Whip

values:
/wiki/Jim_Traficant
mw-redirect
Jim Traficant

values:
/wiki/Joseph_William_Martin,_Jr.
mw-redirect
Joseph William Martin, Jr.

values: United States presidential election, 1824

values:
/wiki/John_Griffin_Carlisle
mw-redirect
John Griffin Carlisle

values:
/wiki/Disappearing_quorum
mw-redirect
Disappearing quorum

values:
/wiki/Harry_Truman
mw-redirect
Harry Truman

values: United States federal government shutdown of 1995 and 1996

values:
/wiki/111th_Congress
mw-redirect
111th Congress

values: Greater coat of arms of the United States.svg

values: font-size: 105%; padding: 0.2em 0px 0.4em; text-align: center; display: none;

values: United States House of Representatives 194-1-240.svg

values: Seal of the United States House of Representatives.svg

values: Party leaders of the United States Senate

values: Seal of the President of the United States.svg

values: Seal of the Vice President of the United States.svg

values: List of federal agencies in the United States

values:
/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President
mw-redirect
Executive Office of the President

values: Seal of the United States Supreme Court.svg

values: List of United States district and territorial courts

values: List of United States state legislatures

values: padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.3em;font-weight:bold;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;

values: Template talk:Politics of the United States

values:
/wiki/Nathaniel_Prentiss_Banks
mw-redirect
Nathaniel Prentiss Banks

values:
/wiki/Henry_M._Fuller
mw-redirect
Henry M. Fuller

values:
/wiki/William_N._H._Smith
mw-redirect
William N. H. Smith

values:
/wiki/Minnesota_Farmer-Labor_Party
mw-redirect
Minnesota Farmer-Labor Party

values:
/wiki/Franklin_Roosevelt
mw-redirect
Franklin Roosevelt

values:
/wiki/Richard_Armey
mw-redirect
Richard Armey

values: United States House Committee on Appropriations

values: Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)

values:
/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt
mw-redirect
Franklin Delano Roosevelt

values: Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

values: Sergeant at Arms of the United States House of Representatives

values: Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution

values:
/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College
mw-redirect
United States Electoral College

values: Clerk of the United States House of Representatives

values: Sergeant-at-Arms of the United States House of Representatives

values: Chief Administrative Officer of the United States House of Representatives

values: Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives

values: Historian of the United States House of Representatives

values: Inspector General of the United States House of Representatives (page does not exist)

values: Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution

values: Edit section: List of Speakers of the United States House of Representatives

values:
/wiki/John_Lewis_(Georgia_politician)
mw-redirect
John Lewis (Georgia politician)

values:
/wiki/Jim_Jordan_(U.S._politician)
mw-redirect
Jim Jordan (U.S. politician)

values:
/wiki/Raul_Labrador
mw-redirect
Raul Labrador

values:
/wiki/David_M._Walker_(politician)
mw-redirect
David M. Walker (politician)

values:
/wiki/Republican_(United_States)
mw-redirect
Republican (United States)

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values: Leaders of the United States House of Representatives

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: lower-alpha;

values: United States Presidential Line of Succession

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.jstor.org/stable/20083312

values:
nofollow
external text
https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2128798

values: Party Divisions of United States Congresses

values:
/wiki/The_White_House
mw-redirect
The White House

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
external text
http://speaker.house.gov

values:
navbox-image
1
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: Template:US Presidential Line of Succession

values: Template talk:US Presidential Line of Succession

values: United States Secretary of Health and Human Services

values: United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development

values: United States Secretary of Transportation

values: United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs

values: United States Secretary of Homeland Security

values: Article Two of the United States Constitution

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: List of United States congressional lists

values: List of members of the United States Congress by longevity of service

values: List of freshman class members of the 115th United States Congress

values: List of youngest members of the United States Congress

values:
/wiki/Delegate_(United_States_Congress)
mw-redirect
Delegate (United States Congress)

values: List of living former United States Senators

values: List of longest-living United States Senators

values: List of United States Senators expelled or censured

values: List of United States Senators born outside the United States

values: List of living former members of the United States House of Representatives

values: Earliest serving United States Representative

values: List of United States Representatives expelled, censured, or reprimanded

values: List of Vice Presidents of the United States

values: List of presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate

values: Assistant party leaders of the United States Senate

values: Democratic Caucus of the United States Senate

values: Democratic Conference Chairman of the United States Senate

values: United States Senate Democratic Conference Secretary

values: Republican Conference of the United States Senate

values: Republican Conference Chairman of the United States Senate

values: Republican Conference Vice-Chair of the United States Senate

values: Republican Policy Committee Chairman of the United States Senate

values: List of African-American United States Representatives

values: List of African-American United States Senators

values: List of Arab and Middle-Eastern Americans in the United States Congress

values: List of Asian Americans and Pacific Islands Americans in the United States Congress

values: Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus

values: List of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States Congress

values: List of Jewish members of the United States Congress

values: List of LGBT Americans in the United States Congress

values:
/wiki/LGBT_Equality_Caucus
mw-redirect
LGBT Equality Caucus

values: List of Native Americans in the United States Congress

values: Women in the United States House of Representatives

values: List of historical longest-serving members of the United States Congress

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup

values: List of United States federal legislation

values: Closed sessions of the United States Senate

values:
/wiki/Engrossed_bill
mw-redirect
Engrossed bill

values: Expulsion from the United States Congress

values: Joint session of the United States Congress

values: List of joint sessions of the United States Congress

values:
/wiki/Lame_duck_session_(United_States)
mw-redirect
Lame duck session (United States)

values:
/wiki/Veto_override
mw-redirect
Veto override

values:
/wiki/Nuclear_option_(U.S._politics)
mw-redirect
Nuclear option (U.S. politics)

values: Presiding Officer of the United States Senate

values: Standing Rules of the United States Senate

values: List of tie-breaking votes cast by Vice Presidents of the United States

values: United States congressional conference committee

values: List of current United States congressional joint committees

values: List of current United States House of Representatives committees

values: List of current United States Senate committees

values: United States congressional subcommittee

values: Mace of the United States House of Representatives

values: Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

values: Party divisions of United States Congresses

values: List of United States Senate election disputes

values: U.S. senator bibliography (congressional memoirs)

values: U.S. representative bibliography (congressional memoirs)

values: Comptroller General of the United States

values: United States Congress Office of Compliance

values: United States Government Publishing Office

values: United States House of Representatives Office of Emergency Planning, Preparedness, and Operations

values: United States House of Representatives Office of Interparliamentary Affairs

values: Office of the Legislative Counsel of the U.S. House of Representatives (page does not exist)

values: United States House of Representatives Library

values: Inspector General of the House (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/United_States_Senate_Page
mw-redirect
United States Senate Page

values: Parliamentarian of the United States Senate

values: Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate

values: Doorkeeper of the United States House of Representatives

values: United States House of Representatives Page

values: Parliamentarian of the United States House of Representatives

values: Postmaster of the United States House of Representatives

values: Reading Clerk of the United States House of Representatives

values: Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States

values: Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way

values: United States Senate Vice Presidential Bust Collection

values: Senate Staff Health and Fitness Facility

values: Recording Studio of the United States House of Representatives

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Speakers of the United States House of Representatives

values: Category:Lists of office-holders in the United States

values: Category:Lists of members of the United States House of Representatives

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from March 2017

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:Use mdy dates from October 2015

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: President de la Cambra de Representants dels Estats Units – Catalan

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values: Předseda Sněmovny reprezentantů Spojených států amerických – Czech

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values: Sprecher des Repräsentantenhauses der Vereinigten Staaten – German

values: Presidente de la Cámara de Representantes de los Estados Unidos – Spanish

values: رئیس مجلس نمایندگان ایالات متحده آمریکا – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values: Président de la Chambre des représentants des États-Unis – French

values: 미국 하원 의장 – Korean

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values: Ketua Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Amerika Serikat – Indonesian

values: Forseti fulltrúadeildar Bandaríkjaþings – Icelandic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-is
display: none;

values: Presidente della Camera dei rappresentanti degli Stati Uniti d'America – Italian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: יושב ראש בית הנבחרים של ארצות הברית – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values: Az Amerikai Egyesült Államok Kongresszusának képviselőházi elnöke – Hungarian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values: Speaker Dewan Perwakilan Amerika Syarikat – Malay

values: Voorzitter van het Huis van Afgevaardigden (Verenigde Staten) – Dutch

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values: アメリカ合衆国下院議長 – Japanese

values: Speaker i Representantenes hus i USA – Norwegian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values: Spiker Izby Reprezentantów Stanów Zjednoczonych – Polish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: Presidente da Câmara dos Representantes dos Estados Unidos – Portuguese

values: Спикер Палаты представителей США – Russian

values: Speaker o the Unitit States House o Representatives – Scots

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sco
display: none;

values: Speaker of the United States House of Representatives – Simple English

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values: Yhdysvaltain edustajainhuoneen puhemies – Finnish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values: Talmannen i USA:s representanthus – Swedish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values: ประธานสภาผู้แทนราษฎรสหรัฐ – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values: Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Temsilciler Meclisi Başkanı – Turkish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values: Спікер Палати представників США – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values: 美國眾議院議長 – Chinese

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives rootpage-Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives skin-vector action-view