text:
One Ok Rock
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
ONE OK ROCK
ONE OK ROCK performing in London, 2014.
From left to right: Ryota, Taka, Tomoya, Toru.
Background information
Also known as
OOR
10969
Origin
Tokyo, Japan[1]
Genres
Alternative rock[2][3][4]
post-hardcore[4][5][6]
pop punk[4][7]
power pop[2]
emo[3][8][9][10]
post-grunge[11][12]
Years active
2005–present
Labels
Fueled by Ramen[13]
Warner Bros.
A-Sketch
Associated acts
NEWS
All Time Low
Sleeping with Sirens
coldrain
Crossfaith
Issues
SiM
5 Seconds of Summer
Linkin Park
Website
oneokrock.com
Members
Takahiro Moriuchi (Taka)
Toru Yamashita (Toru)
Ryota Kohama (Ryota)
Tomoya Kanki (Tomoya)
Past members
Alexander Reimon Onizawa (Alex)
Yu Koyanagi (Yu)
One Ok Rock, stylized as ONE OK ROCK (pronounced in Japanese as "one o'clock"), is a Japanese rock band formed in Tokyo, Japan in 2005. The band currently consists of Takahiro Moriuchi (vocals), Toru Yamashita (guitar/leader), Ryota Kohama (bass), and Tomoya Kanki (drums). They have been playing many different styles of rock music, with songs ranging from alternative rock to emo to post-hardcore to pop rock.[14][15]
The band's name, ONE OK ROCK, comes from "one o'clock", the time that the band used to practice on weekends. They chose to play at one o'clock in the morning because it was cheaper to use the rehearsal space during such hours. However, noticing that the Japanese language made no distinction between R's and L's, they changed "O'CLOCK" to "O'CROCK" (or "O'KROCK"), which was then separated to become "OK ROCK".[16] In addition, ONE OK ROCK's name can be expressed as "10969" (wan-ō-ku-ro-ku).
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 2005–06: Formation and earlier days
1.2 2007–09: Early releases and departure of Onizawa
1.3 2010–12: Niche Syndrome and Zankyo Reference
1.4 2013–14: Jinsei×Boku= and international debut
1.5 2014–16: 35xxxv and international success
1.6 2016–present: Signed to Fueled by Ramen and Ambitions
2 Musical style
3 Band members
4 Discography
5 Tours and concerts
5.1 Japan
5.2 Overseas
6 Awards and nominations
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
History[edit]
2005–06: Formation and earlier days[edit]
The foundation for ONE OK ROCK began when Toru Yamashita, then a high school student, wanted to start a band. He told his friend Ryota Kohama, a fellow member of the hip hop dance group Heads, to learn the bass and asked Alex Onizawa, who was their senior in school to join. He asked his classmate, Yu, to play drums. At that time, Taka Moriuchi was playing with another band named Chivalry of Music; however, Taka didn't enjoy playing with them, so Toru insisted that he join ONE OK ROCK instead. After signing with Amuse, Inc. Yu left the band to pursue an acting career and his parents didn't want their son to pursue that line of work. Tomoya Kanki had been teaching at ESP (Musical Academy) and was already in a band that wasn't going well. He then joined ONE OK ROCK in 2006, but only became an official member when they debuted in 2007.[16][17]
2007–09: Early releases and departure of Onizawa[edit]
Their debut single, "Naihishinsho", reached number 48 on the Oricon Charts[18] and sold 15,000 copies. Their second single, Yume Yume, followed that success and charted at number 43. After those singles, they released their debut album Zeitakubyō in 2007 and had their first tour, the Tokyo-Osaka-Nagoya Quattro Tour. They released their second album Beam of Light in May 2008. In an interview with Rockin'On Japan magazine in June 2012, ONE OK ROCK said they didn't count this album as an album, but rather as a part of growing up as a band.[19] When they made the album, they hadn't been in the right mood, but felt that they had to make it to grow as a band. The band came up with many sound sources and ended up making a punk album. The album's confused origins were the reason why they wouldn't play any songs from Beam of Light in live performances until now. Shortly after releasing Beam of Light, they performed a gig at Shibuya AX.[20]
They had planned to release two albums in that one year, so they released Kanjō Effect in November 2008. At this point, the band had gained more experience and were able to do some more serious recording. They settled into the western sound they loved and followed by replacing all their engineers and introducing their music to new producers. This led to some division within the band - Taka and Alex in particular disagreed about how to make this album.
On April 5, 2009, Alex was arrested for groping the leg of a twenty-one-year-old female student on a train.[21] He admitted to the charges and the case was settled out of court.[22] The band reached their weakest point at this time. Ryota intended to leave bass and take up guitar. They felt it was impossible for them to add a new member. The band's next single "Around the World Shounen", which was planned for a May 6 release and to be used as the theme song for the TV drama God Hand Teru, and their nationwide tour were both cancelled.[21] In May 2009, it was announced that ONE OK ROCK would continue on without Alex, who went back to the United States.[22] Toru took his place as lead guitar, and the band re-arranged their songs to be played for one guitar.
2010–12: Niche Syndrome and Zankyo Reference[edit]
With the new four-member formation, the band released the single "Kanzen Kankaku Dreamer" on February 3, 2010. It reached 9th on the Weekly Oricon Chart. They released their fourth studio album titled Niche Syndrome on June 9, 2010. The band had their tour This is my own judgement! in five Zepp music halls across the nation in 6 days, starting Sendai, Osaka, Nagoya, Fukuoka and ending in a 2-day concert in Tokyo. The second part the tour took place at sixteen different venues until 11 December 2010. They held a final performance in Nippon Budokan, Tokyo on 28 November, followed by the release of a concert DVD "This is My Budokan?!" on 16 February 2011.[23] On August 6, 7 and 8, ONE OK ROCK headlined Rock in Japan Festival and Summer Sonic Festival, followed by Rising Sun Rock Festival, Monster Bash, Treasure05X, Mad Ollie, Countdown Japan 2010/2011, and Radio Crazy.[24]
The band supported Pay Money to My Pain in their 2010 STAY REAL tour, The Hiatus in their ANOMALY 2010 tour, and TOTALFAT in their OVERDRIVE tour.
Their next single, "Answer is Near", was released on February 16, 2011. The Answer is Alive 2011 tour took place in six Zepp music halls and three other venues from April to June 2011. The band released their first double A-side single "Re:make/No Scared" on July 20, 2011, one of which's songs was the main theme for the Black Rock Shooter: The Game video game.[25][26] The band's fifth album, Zankyo Reference, was released on October 5, 2011. ONE OK ROCK announced fourteen dates between November and December 2011 for the Zankyo Reference Tour. The band also announced their final tour for this album as a two-day concert in Yokohama Arena on 21 and 22 January 2012. This was their first time playing in Yokohama Arena, the biggest venue in Kantō region. The concert was sold out with more than 24,000 attendees.[27] Later, the documentary of the Zankyo Reference Tour and the performance from the second night in Yokohama Arena was released on Blu-ray and DVD on 30 May 2012.[28]
In 2011, ONE OK ROCK headlined many music festivals, including Jisan Valley Rock Festival in South Korea. In July the band headlined SETSTOCK 2011 and Jisan Valley Rock Festival, followed by Rock in Japan Festival, Rising Sun Rock Festival, Summer Sonic Festival, Monster Bash, Sky Jamboree, and Space Shower's Sweet Love Shower. At the end of the year, they headlined Radio Crazy and Countdown Japan once more.[24]
The band declared their first overseas tour in Start Walking The World on May and June 2012, covering Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore.[29] 9mm Parabellum Bullet, Mao Abe, Hello Sleepwalkers, and Crossfaith were the guest performers of their four concert dates in Japan. They headlined Rock in Japan Festival on the main stage, as well as Summer Sonic 2012, alongside Green Day, Franz Ferdinand and Rihanna.[30] They also headlined Oga Namahage Rock Festival, Rising Sun Rock Festival, and Sweet Love Shower.11
2013–14: Jinsei×Boku= and international debut[edit]
Their next single, "The Beginning", was chosen as the theme song for the live action movie adaptation of the Rurouni Kenshin manga, and was released on August 22, 2012, reaching number 5 on the Oricon charts.[31] Later in 2013, "The Beginning" won two awards - "Best Rock Video" from the MTV Video Music Awards Japan 2013 and a second award as Best Your Choice in Space Shower Music Video Awards. Currently "The Beginning" is the most popular song by the band, having reached more than 100 million views on their YouTube channel, and became the most watched Japanese rock video, further skyrocketing ONE OK ROCK's popularity.
The single "Deeper Deeper/Nothing Helps" was released on January 9, 2013 and hit 2nd place on the Oricon charts. The song "Nothing Helps" was used for the Japanese version of the video game DmC: Devil May Cry, and "Deeper Deeper" was used for the commercial of Suzuki Swift Sport in Japan.[32]
Their sixth full-length album Jinsei×Boku= was released on March 6, 2013 and managed to reach second place on the Oricon weekly chart.
In October 2013 the band went on their first tour outside Asia and visited Europe for five concerts. Four out of the five concerts in Europe were sold out almost immediately.[33] In February 2014 they visited the US to hold two concerts in New York and Los Angeles and added two more dates in Philadelphia and Toronto in May. They also performed at Rock on the Range in Columbus, Ohio, their first festival outside Asia. In June and July 2014 they joined VANS WARPED TOUR 2014 and performed in eighteen cities in North America. On May 16, the documentary film about their last Europe and Asia Tour, "FOOL COOL ROCK" debuted and played for a limited time of four weeks at select theaters. This movie was directed by Hiroyuki Nakano.[34] The documentary FOOL COOL ROCK was released on DVD and Blu-ray in November 2014,[35][36] and included an extra screening from Bangkok, Thailand and Hong Kong.[37]
2014–16: 35xxxv and international success[edit]
[hide]This section has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
This section's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions. (November 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This section may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The discussion page may contain suggestions. (November 2017)
This section may be in need of reorganization to comply with Wikipedia's layout guidelines. Please help by editing the article to make improvements to the overall structure. (November 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
(Learn how and when to remove this template message)
On January 12, 2014 their album producer John Feldmann tweeted that ONE OK ROCK had already started recording their new album.[38] Their first single from the forthcoming album, "Mighty Long Fall", was the theme song for the movie sequel of Rurouni Kenshin. ONE OK ROCK released the new single "Mighty Long Fall/Decision" on July 30, 2014.[39] The song "Decision" is the theme song for their documentary film "FOOL COOL ROCK". A music video for "Decision" released on August 20, 2014 is a compilation of footage from their last tour in Europe and Asia. They also revealed the theme song for another movie sequel of Rurouni Kenshin entitled "Heartache".[40]
In September 2014, ONE OK ROCK held a 2-day stadium concert in Yokohama Stadium in front of 60,000 people called "Mighty Long Fall Live at Yokohama Stadium 2014". This was their first time performing in a stadium. They played more than twenty songs, including three new songs and one cover of A Thousand Miles by Vanessa Carlton.[41]
ONE OK ROCK announced U.S., South American and European tours in late 2014. They performed at Knotfest, in both Japan and the United States, with an additional two dates for the United States in October.[42][43] They visited Chile, Argentina, Brazil, Peru and Mexico for South America in November and France, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands, Belgium, United Kingdom and Russia in December. They performed alongside Ghost Town in the US and UK, and with Tonight Alive and Mallory Knox for most dates in Europe.[44][45] On November 27, they were a guest performer in Hoobastank's Japan tour.[46]
On October 9, 2014, the band announced that new album will be released February 2015. The official website of the band was redesigned along with this announcement.[47][48] Around December 16, 2014, the band revealed the cover and name of their new Japanese upcoming album, 35xxxv.
On February 28, 2015, their new album 35xxxv peaked at #11 on Billboard's Heatseekers Albums.[49] This chart is for new and upcoming musicians, which is usually a stepping stone towards Billboard 200 or Billboard Hot 100. On the same week, it peaked at #43 on Billboard's Independent Albums.[50] Then it peaked at #23 on the Billboard Hard Rock Albums Chart[51] and reached #1 on the Billboard World Albums Chart.[52]
ONE OK ROCK performing at Lucky Strike Live, October 22, 2015
In April 2015, they opened alongside Finch for Yellowcard's U.S. tour. Following that, the band returned to Japan for their extensive album tour starting from May to September. The final concerts included bands like Issues and Against the Current. In July 2015, ONE OK ROCK officially announced that they have signed with Warner Bros. Records and planned to re-release 35xxxv as a deluxe edition containing all English tracks on September 25, 2015.[53] The band was set to have a North American tour in fall 2015 with a few selected cities as headlining artists, but will spend the majority of their time as the opening act for All Time Low and Sleeping with Sirens.[54] ONE OK ROCK will also have world tour in Europe and Asia to promote their album.[55]
On October 17, 2015, 35xxxv (Deluxe Edition) debuted at #20 on Billboard's Heatseekers Albums and its highest peak position is at #17.[49]
ONE OK ROCK planned to return to Japan for their ONE THOUSAND MILES TOUR 2016 concert along with All Time Low and PVRIS.[56]
In early 2016, it was announced that ONE OK ROCK would open for Issues and Crown the Empire on the Monster Energy Outbreak Tour in to promote their English album in the U.S.[57] They also will continue to tour in Europe at different music festivals and solo shows.[58]
On March 11, 2016, the band released a new song "Always Coming Back" that was featured in NTT Docomo's phone commercial series, "Kanjou no Subete / Nakama".[59]
In the summer of 2016, ONE OK ROCK joined 5 Seconds of Summer on the first North American leg of their Sounds Live Feels Live World Tour.
Marking the 10th anniversary of My Chemical Romance's album The Black Parade, Rock Sound announces that there will be a special cover of the said album inviting some of the world's biggest bands, including ONE OK ROCK. The band covers the opening song on the album "The End".[60]
On September 10 and 11, the band held a special live concert at Nagisaen, Shizuoka, Japan where 110,000 spectators experienced a thrilling concert. ONE OK ROCK also announces that they're going to release a digital single called "Taking Off" on September 16, 2016 under Fueled by Ramen. The song was used as a theme song for the Japanese movie "Museum" starring Shun Oguri. The movie will be aired on November 12, 2016. Later at the special live concert, Taka announces that their 8th studio album will be released early next year following an album tour.[61][62][63][64]
On October 8, Sum 41 will have a Japanese edition of their album, 13 Voices, that will include the song "War" featuring Taka. Deryck Whibley from Sum 41 mentioned to Alternative Press Japan that "It was great to collaborate with Taka on our new song called War. I am a huge fan of his voice and of ONE OK ROCK and I think that our voices work very well together".[65]
2016–present: Signed to Fueled by Ramen and Ambitions[edit]
After signing with Fueled by Ramen[66] on September 11, 2016, they released the lead single "Taking Off" from their eighth album, Ambitions. The album was released on January 11, 2017 for the Japanese version album under a Japanese label A-Sketch and on January 13, 2017 for the English version album under Fueled by Ramen. Ambitions features collaborations from Avril Lavigne (in Japanese version album), Alex Gaskarth (in English version album) and the Australian band 5 Seconds of Summer (in both versions).[67][68]
On November 13, 2016, NHK (Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai, a Japan Broadcasting Corporation) held ONE OK ROCK 18 Festival (18 FES) where ONE OK ROCK and 1,000 young generation (17 – 19 years old from the whole country) together sang on one stage.[69]
On November 18, 2016 ONE OK ROCK released "Bedroom Warfare", the second single from the album. The third single, "I was King", was released on December 15, 2016.
On January 1, 2017, ONE OK ROCK opened a special site "WORLD AMBITIONS".[70] This is a celebration of their new album Ambitions which will be released on January 11, 2017. WORLD AMBITIONS is a website that visually represents images of “hope” being shared and spread from users around the world through the website and Twitter/Instagram.[71] People from all over the world can upload pictures with yellow in it that symbolizing hope and connecting them all. The user spreads the desired image by SNS (Twitter, Instagram).[72]
On January 9, 2017, the band released their single "We Are".
In January 2017, the band went on their North American tour for 6 concerts,[73] and from February till May 2017, they will hold 32 concerts in some Japanese arenas.[74]
On February 9, 2017, the band released limited CD single Skyfall and sold it at venues of "Ambitions" Japan Tour only. There were no sales at other stores.[75] The CD contains 3 songs: "Skyfall" (featuring MAH from SiM, Masato from Coldrain, and Koie from Crossfaith), "Right by your side", and "Manhattan Beach".
On May 2, 2017, it was announced that ONE OK ROCK would opened Linkin Park's One More Light Tour in North America for 4 dates and in Japan for 3 shows.[76][77] Later on July 21, 2017, it was announced that their North American Tour got cancelled because of the Linkin Park frontman Chester Bennington's death on July 20, 2017, a week before their shows;[78] while Linkin Park's final leg in Japan was cancelled on October 3, 2017.[79] ONE OK ROCK pays tribute to Chester by covering Linkin Park's song "One More Light" on their live performances.[80]
Musical style[edit]
ONE OK ROCK's basic influences are Linkin Park,[81] Foo Fighters,[81][82] Good Charlotte, and Ellegarden. The group's initial idea began when Toru wanted to start a rock band and invited Ryota to join him. Good Charlotte influences are seen on their first album, Zeitakubyō; while Foo Fighters influences can be seen on their second and third albums, Beam of Light[11][83] and Kanjō Effect.[12][84]
In their sixth album Jinsei×Boku=, they expressed how this album was influenced by Linkin Park's and Coldrain's screaming and yell-rapping. Their seventh album 35xxxv, was produced along with producer John Feldmann who also worked with 5 Seconds of Summer, The Used, and Sleeping With Sirens. The album was described as "too Americanized" by international fans, yet it managed to get the first place on the Oricon Album weekly ranking, making it the first time the band had reached the top of the list. Fans are in constant dispute over their dynamic music style change as new albums release different sounds. Their eighth album Ambitions also topped the Oricon Album weekly ranking, and incorporated more American pop and pop-rock.[85]
Band members[edit]
Current members
Ryota Kohama (小浜 良太, Kohama Ryōta) – bass guitar, backing vocals (2005–present)
Takahiro "Taka" Moriuchi (森内 貴寬, Moriuchi Takahiro) – lead vocals (2005–present)
Toru Yamashita (山下 亨, Yamashita Tōru) – guitars, vocals (2005–present)
Tomoya Kanki (神吉 智也, Kanki Tomoya) – drums, percussion (2006–present)
Former members
Yu "You" Koyanagi (小柳 友, Koyanagi Yū) – drums, percussion (2005–06)
Alexander "Alex" Reimon Onizawa (鬼澤 アレクサンダー 礼門, Onizawa Alexander Reimon) – lead guitar, backing vocals (2005–09)
Timeline
Discography[edit]
Main article: One Ok Rock discography
Studio albums
Zeitakubyō (2007)
Beam of Light (2008)
Kanjō Effect (2008)
Niche Syndrome (2010)
Zankyo Reference (2011)
Jinsei×Boku= (2013)
35xxxv (2015)
Ambitions (2017)
Tours and concerts[edit]
Japan[edit]
World Shredder (世の中シュレッダー) (2007)
ONE OK ROCK TOUR 2008 “WHAT TIME IS IT NOW? (2008)
ONE OK ROCK 2009 “Emotion Effect” TOUR (2009)
“This is my own judgment” TOUR (2010)
Answer is aLive TOUR (2011)
ONE OK ROCK 2011–2012“残響リファレンス”TOUR (2011–2012)
“The Beginning” TOUR (2012)
ONE OK ROCK 2013 “人生×君=”TOUR (2013)
ONE OK ROCK 2014 "Mighty Long Fall at Yokohama Stadium" (2014)
Hoobastank Japan Tour (with guest ONE OK ROCK) (2014)[86]
ONE OK ROCK 2015 "35xxxv" JAPAN TOUR (2015)
ONE THOUSAND MILES TOUR (2016)
ONE OK ROCK 2016 SPECIAL LIVE IN NAGISAEN (2016)
ONE OK ROCK 2017 "Ambitions" Arena Tour (2017)
Linkin Park "One More Light World Tour" (with guest ONE OK ROCK) (2017 (cancelled))
Overseas[edit]
“Start Walking The World Tour” (2012)
“Who are you?? Who are we??” TOUR (2013)
Knotfest in US (with Various Artists) (2014)
Vans Warped Tour (with Various Artists) (2014)
Rock on the Range in US (with Various Artists) (2014)
ONE OK ROCK 2014 South America & Europe Tour (2014)
Soundwave in Australia (with Various Artists) (2015)
The Smashing Pumpkins Sidewave in Australia (with ONE OK ROCK and Gerard Way as supporting acts) (2015)[87]
YELLOWCARD Tour (with ONE OK ROCK and Finch as opening acts) (2015)[88]
Aftershock Festival in US (with Various Artists) (2015)
All Time Low "Back to the Future Hearts Tour" (with Sleeping with Sirens, ONE OK ROCK, and Neck Deep) (2015)[89]
ONE OK ROCK 2015 "35xxxv" North America, Europe, Asia Tour (2015–2016)
Monster Energy Outbreak Tour (with Issues, Crown the Empire, ONE OK ROCK and Night Verses) (2016)[90]
Self Help Fest in US (with Various Artists) (2016)[91]
ONE OK ROCK European Tour 2016 (2016)
Rock am Ring and Rock im Park in Germany (with Various Artists) (2016)[92]
Download Fest in France and UK (with Various Artists) (2016)
Pinkpop Fest in Netherlands (with Various Artists) (2016)
5 Seconds Of Summer "Sounds Live Feels Live Tour" in North America (with ONE OK ROCK and Hey Violet) (summer 2016)
ONE OK ROCK 2017 "Ambitions" World Tour (2017)
Reading and Leeds Festivals in England (with Various Artists) (2017)
Linkin Park "One More Light World Tour" in North America (with guests Machine Gun Kelly and ONE OK ROCK) (2017 (cancelled))
Czad Festiwal in Poland (with Various Artists) (2017)[93]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Alternative Press Music Awards
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result
2016 ONE OK ROCK Best International Band[94] Nominated
2017 ONE OK ROCK Best Breakthrough Band[95] Nominated
Classic Rock Roll of Honour Awards
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result
2016 ONE OK ROCK Eastern Breakthrough Male Band[96][97] Won
MTV Europe Music Award
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result
2013 ONE OK ROCK Best Japanese Act Nominated
2014 ONE OK ROCK Best Japanese Act Nominated
2015 ONE OK ROCK Best Japanese Act Nominated
2016 ONE OK ROCK Best Japanese Act Won
MTV Video Music Awards Japan
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result
2011 "Jibun Rock" (じぶんROCK) Best Rock Video Nominated
2012 "Answer is Near" (アンサイズニア) Best Rock Video Won
2013 "The Beginning" Best Rock Video Won
Best Video from a Film Won
2014 "Be the light" Best Rock Video Won
2015 "Mighty Long Fall" Best Group Video Nominated
Rock Sound Awards
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result
2017 ONE OK ROCK Best International Band[98] Won
Space Shower Music Video Awards
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result
2013 "The Beginning" Best Your Choice Won
2016 ONE OK ROCK Best Active Overseas Won
See also[edit]
J-Rock
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "ONE OK ROCK - ワンオクロック 邦楽バンド情報". Cube-music.com. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
^ Jump up to: a b Billboard. ONE OK ROCK Biography
^ Jump up to: a b cube-music. ONE OK ROCKの基本情報
^ Jump up to: a b c Sputnikmusic. ONE OK ROCK reviews, music, news
Jump up ^ Stickler, Jon (August 29, 2017). "ONE OK ROCK Add European Leg to 'Ambitions' Tour". Stereoboard. Retrieved November 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Smith, Troy L. (July 18, 2017). "APMAs 2017: Josh Dun, ONE OK ROCK shine but Korn doesn't perform". Cleveland.com. Retrieved November 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ AllMusic. ONE OK ROCK | Biography & History
Jump up ^ Martin, Ian (June 26, 2016). "Wrapping up a musical trip across Japan". The Japan Times. Retrieved December 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Amuse. ONE OK ROCK Profile
Jump up ^ JaME USA. ONE OK ROCK Biography
^ Jump up to: a b Eremenko, Alexey. "Beam of Light - ONE OK ROCK Reviews". AllMusic. Retrieved October 12, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Eremenko, Alexey. "Kanjou Effect - ONE OK ROCK Reviews". AllMusic. Retrieved October 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ "ONE OK ROCK sign to Fueled By Ramen, announce English language album - News - Alternative Press". Altpress.com. 2016-09-12. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
Jump up ^ "Ambitions - ONE OK ROCK Reviews". AllMusic. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ JaME USA. ONE OK ROCK Overview
^ Jump up to: a b One OK Rock (21 June 2008). "Interview with One Ok Rock in Tokyo". JaME World. Interview with Non-Non. Retrieved 2008-12-14.
Jump up ^ Rockin'On Japan Magazine, June 2012 Edition: Interview with ONE OK ROCK
Jump up ^ "内秘心書" (in Japanese). Oricon. Retrieved 2016-08-10.
Jump up ^ "蓮 - Rockin'On Japan: June OOR Interview part 3". Ryeon.tumblr.com. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
Jump up ^ "ONE OK ROCK at Shibuya AX | JaME U.S.A". Jame-world.com. 2008-10-18. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
^ Jump up to: a b "ONE OK ROCK member arrested for groping". TokyoGraph. Retrieved 2010-07-21.
^ Jump up to: a b "ONE OK ROCK to return in summer, minus ALEX". Tokyograph. 2009-05-15. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
Jump up ^ "ONE OK ROCK THIS IS MY BUDOKAN?!". Retrieved 2014-10-12.
^ Jump up to: a b "ONE OK ROCK Past Live Archives". Retrieved 2014-10-12.
Jump up ^ "ONE OK ROCK to Release Double-A-Side Single in July". Retrieved 2011-05-09.
Jump up ^ "Black Rock Shooter, Legend of Heroes, Class of Heroes Videos". Animenewsnetwork.com. 2012-06-09.
Jump up ^ Takahashi, Miho. "ONE OK ROCK Yokohama Arena Special Final". JaME World. Retrieved 2014-10-16.
Jump up ^ "ONE OK ROCK Yokohama Arena Special Final". JaME World. Retrieved 2014-10-12.
Jump up ^ "One ok rock 2012 "start walking the world tour"". Ani-culture.net. Retrieved 2014-10-16.
Jump up ^ "Live Report: ONE OK ROCK, Summer Sonic 2011". Gekirock. Retrieved 2014-10-16.
Jump up ^ "Live-Action Rurouni Kenshin's Theme Performed by ONE OK ROCK". Animenewsnetwork.com. 2012-05-29.
Jump up ^ "ONE OK ROCK's "Deeper Deeper" chosen as CM song for SUZUKI". Tokyohive.com. 2013-01-05. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
Jump up ^ "ONE OK ROCK 2012 "START WALKING THE WORLD TOUR"". Retrieved 16 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "FOOL COOL ROCK: Introduction".
Jump up ^ "ONE OK ROCK's Documentary to be Released on DVD/Blu-ray Disc". Arama Japan. Retrieved 2014-10-16.
Jump up ^ ""FOOL COOL ROCK! ONE OK ROCK DOCUMENTARY FILM" Gets a BR/DVD Release Date". Jpopasia.com. Retrieved 2014-10-16.
Jump up ^ "Rock out at Paragon, fool!". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 2014-10-16.
Jump up ^ "John Feldmann on Twitter: "1st day of @ONEOKROCK_japan STOKED"". Twitter. 2014-01-11. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
Jump up ^ "ONE OK ROCK sing the theme song to 'Rurouni Kenshin: Kyoto Inferno / The Legend Ends'". Japakomusic.com. Retrieved 2014-10-15.
Jump up ^ "Rurouni Kenshin: The Legend Ends Film's Main Trailer Unveiled". Anime News Network. Retrieved 2014-10-15.
Jump up ^ "ONE OK ROCK、6万人圧倒した浜スタ2DAYS". natalie. Retrieved 2014-10-15.
Jump up ^ "ONE OK ROCK to perform at KNOTFEST JAPAN 2014". Musicjapanplus.jp. Retrieved 2014-10-15.
Jump up ^ "Daily Lineups Revealed For Slipknot's US 'Knotfest'". Theprp.com. Retrieved 2014-10-15.
Jump up ^ "ONE OK ROCK to Tour South America and Europe". Jpopaisa.com. Retrieved 2014-10-15.
Jump up ^ "ONE OK ROCK - South American & European Tour Announced". Visualkeiheaven.us. 2014-08-12. Retrieved 2014-10-15.
Jump up ^ "MAN WITH A MISSION & ONE OK ROCK to guest in Hoobastank's Japan concerts". Tokyo Hive. Retrieved 2014-10-16.
Jump up ^ "One Ok Rock will release a new album in February, 2015!". Oneokrock.com. 9 October 2014. Retrieved 15 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "ONE OK ROCK、来年2月にニュー・アルバムをリリースすることが決定！！" (in Japanese). Retrieved 2014-10-16.
^ Jump up to: a b "One Ok Rock - Chart history". Billboard. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
Jump up ^ "One Ok Rock - Chart history". Billboard. 2015-02-28. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
Jump up ^ "One Ok Rock - Chart history". Billboard. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
Jump up ^ "One Ok Rock - Chart history". Billboard. 2015-02-28. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
Jump up ^ "ONE OK ROCK : ONE OK ROCK's North America debut. "35xxxv Deluxe Edition" all in English + North American tour confirmed | BARKS News". En.barks.jp. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
Jump up ^ "ONE OK ROCK official website". Oneokrock.com. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
Jump up ^ "ONE OK ROCK official website". Oneokrock.com. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-11-26. Retrieved 2015-12-10.
Jump up ^ "Issues announce headlining tour with Crown The Empire, One Ok Rock - News - Alternative Press". Altpress.com. 2016-01-25. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
Jump up ^ "ONE OK ROCK official website". Oneokrock.com. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
Jump up ^ "ONE OK ROCK reveals new digital single "Always coming back" in NTT Docomo CM". Arama! Japan. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
Jump up ^ "Introducing… 'Rock Sound Presents: The Black Parade' - News - Rock Sound Magazine". Rocksound.tv. 2016-08-08. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
Jump up ^ "【完全レポ】ONE OK ROCK、11万人動員の渚園、圧巻のフィナーレまですべてを観た！ (2016/09/12) 邦楽ニュース | ロッキング・オンの音楽情報サイト RO69". Ro69.jp. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
Jump up ^ "ONE OK ROCK、新曲"Taking Off"を全世界同時リリース!小栗旬主演映画の主題歌に決定 (2016/09/10) 邦楽ニュース | ロッキング・オンの音楽情報サイト RO69". Ro69.jp. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
Jump up ^ "映画『ミュージアム』ブルーレイ＆DVDリリース". Warnerbros.co.jp. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
Jump up ^ "ONE OK ROCK新曲は小栗旬主演、大友啓史監督「ミュージアム」主題歌 - 音楽ナタリー". Natalie.mu. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
Jump up ^ "ALTERNATIVE PRESS JAPAN | 【PREMIERE】Sum 41 "War feat. Taka(ONE OK ROCK)" 公開". Altpress.jp. 2016-10-08. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
Jump up ^ "ONE OK ROCK sign to Fueled By Ramen, announce English language album - News - Alternative Press". Alternative Press. Retrieved 2016-11-18.
Jump up ^ "ONE OK ROCK announce new album 'Ambitions,' release new song—listen - News - Alternative Press". Alternative Press. Retrieved 2016-11-18.
Jump up ^ "ONE OK ROCK is back with new "Ambitions"". ARAMA! JAPAN. 2016-11-17. Retrieved 2016-11-18.
Jump up ^ "ONE OK ROCKが地上波初出演、1000人の18歳と作り上げる1曲限りのステージ - 音楽ナタリー". Natalie.mu. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
Jump up ^ http://wa.oneokrock.com/
Jump up ^ "ONE OK ROCK official website". Oneokrock.com. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
Jump up ^ "ONE OK ROCK、世界を希望に染める特設サイト「WORLD AMBITIONS」オープン (2017/01/01) 邦楽ニュース | ロッキング・オンの音楽情報サイト RO69". Ro69.jp. 2017-01-01. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
Jump up ^ "ONE OK ROCK 2017 North American Tour". ONE OK ROCK. 19 November 2016. Retrieved 2017-02-09.
Jump up ^ "ONE OK ROCK 2017 "Ambitions" Japan Tour". ONE OK ROCK (in Japanese). 21 November 2016. Retrieved 2017-02-09.
Jump up ^ "ONE OK ROCK official website". Oneokrock.com. 2017-02-18. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
Jump up ^ Ralph, Caitlyn (May 2, 2017). "Linkin Park announce tour with Machine Gun Kelly and One Ok Rock". Alternative Press. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan 2017 One More Light World Tour". Linkin Park official website.
Jump up ^ "Live Nation: Linkin Park's "One More Light" tour cancelled". KSAZ-TV. 21 July 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan 2017 Update". Linkin Park Official Website. October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ "ONE OK ROCK Has Incredible Tribute to Linkin Park's Late Frontman Chester Bennington by Performing "One More Light"". Music Mayhem Magazine.
^ Jump up to: a b learningenglish.voanews.com. "Japanese Rock Band Goes English"
Jump up ^ "Interview with ONE OK ROCK". JaME USA. January 3, 2009. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kiri (June 22, 2008). "ONE OK ROCK - Beam of Light". JaME USA. Retrieved October 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ J, Sarah (November 11, 2008). "ONE OK ROCK - Kanjou Effect". JaME USA. Retrieved October 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ N, Chris (March 5, 2017). "ONE OK ROCK - Ambitions". JaME USA. Retrieved October 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ "MAN WITH A MISSION & ONE OK ROCK to guest in Hoobastank's Japan concerts". Tokyohive. October 11, 2014. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Smashing Pumpkins Announce Sidewave Supports and Venue Change". Music Feeds. February 19, 2015. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Tours: Yellowcard / Finch / One OK Rock / The Downtown Fiction". Punknews.org. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ "All Time Low & Sleeping With Sirens: Back to the Future Hearts Tour". Verizon Amphitheatre. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Issues announce headlining tour with Crown The Empire, One Ok Rock". Alternative Press. January 25, 2016. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ "A Day to Remember + Underoath Lead 2016 Self Help Festival". Loudwire. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Rock am Ring / Rock im Park 2016". Music Existence. February 23, 2016. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Już za niespełna miesiąc startuje Czad Festiwal!". Kulturalne Media (in Polish). July 25, 2017. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Here's a list of winners from the 2016 APMAs - Features - Alternative Press". Altpress.com. 2016-07-18. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
Jump up ^ "And the winners of the 2017 APMAs are… - Features - Alternative Press". Altpress.com. 2017-07-17. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
Jump up ^ Lach, Stef (November 11, 2016). "Jeff Beck, Joe Perry and All-Star Band triumph at Classic Rock Awards in Tokyo". TeamRock.com. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ "ジミー・ペイジ、クラシックロックアワードで最初から演奏する予定はなかった？イギリス側からのコメント届く （E-TALENTBANK） - Yahoo!ニュース". Headlines.yahoo.co.jp. 2016-11-14. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
Jump up ^ "Meet the winners of the first ever Rock Sound Awards!". Rock Sound. December 1, 2017. Retrieved December 1, 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to One Ok Rock.
Official website
One Ok Rock at BBC Music
One Ok Rock at Last.fm
[hide]
v
t
e
One Ok Rock
Takahiro Moriuchi
Toru Yamashita
Ryota Kohama
Tomoya Kanki
Yu Koyanagi
Alexander Onizawa
Studio albums
Zeitakubyō
Beam of Light
Kanjō Effect
Niche Syndrome
Zankyo Reference
Jinsei×Boku=
35xxxv
Ambitions
Singles
"Re:make/No Scared"
"The Beginning"
"Deeper Deeper/Nothing Helps"
"Mighty Long Fall/Decision"
"Skyfall"
Related articles
Discography
Authority control
MusicBrainz: 6ef00829-fa94-4fee-a5a6-b28e1208e96a
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=One_Ok_Rock&oldid=822322154"
Categories:
2005 establishments in Japan
Fueled by Ramen artists
Japanese alternative rock groups
Japanese rock music groups
Musical groups established in 2005
Musical quartets
Musical groups from Tokyo
Hidden categories:
CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)
CS1 Polish-language sources (pl)
Articles with hCards
Wikipedia articles needing style editing from November 2017
All articles needing style editing
Wikipedia articles needing rewrite from November 2017
All articles needing rewrite
Wikipedia articles needing reorganization from November 2017
Articles with multiple maintenance issues
Articles containing Japanese-language text
Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Català
Cymraeg
Deutsch
Español
فارسی
Français
한국어
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
Latviešu
Magyar
Монгол
日本語
Polski
Português
Русский
Simple English
Suomi
Svenska
ไทย
Tiếng Việt
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 25 January 2018, at 18:33.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: span

value: th

attrs: colspan style

value: tr

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

value: i

value: td

value: li

value: ul

values:
/wiki/News_(band)
mw-redirect
News (band)

values:
nofollow
external text
http://oneokrock.com

values: Edit section: 2005–06: Formation and earlier days

values: Edit section: 2007–09: Early releases and departure of Onizawa

values: Edit section: 2010–12: Niche Syndrome and Zankyo Reference

values:
/wiki/Double_A-side
mw-redirect
Double A-side

values: Edit section: 2013–14: Jinsei×Boku= and international debut

values: Edit section: 2014–16: 35xxxv and international success

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Tone

values:
plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content
presentation

values:
plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style
presentation

values:
mw-collapsible
width:95%; margin: 0.2em 0;

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: Edit section: 2016–present: Signed to Fueled by Ramen and Ambitions

values:
/wiki/Sleeping_With_Sirens
mw-redirect
Sleeping With Sirens

values:
/wiki/5_Seconds_Of_Summer
mw-redirect
5 Seconds Of Summer

values: background: #FDD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;

values:
wikitable plainrowheaders
table-layout: fixed; margin-right: 0;

values: background: #99FF99; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;

values: MTV Europe Music Award for Best Japanese Act

values: MTV Video Music Award Japan for Best Rock Video

values: MTV Video Music Award Japan for Best Video from a Film

values: MTV Video Music Award Japan for Best Group Video

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.tokyograph.com/news/id-4609

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.tokyograph.com/news/id-4802

values:
nofollow
http://www.oneokrock.com/en/about/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://natalie.mu/music/news/126142

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.oneokrock.com/en/news/523

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.oneokrock.com/en/news/995

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.oneokrock.com/en/news/1119

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.oneokrock.com/en/news/1198

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.oneokrock.com/en/news/1306

values:
nofollow
external text
http://ro69.jp/news/detail/148311?rtw

values:
nofollow
http://wwws.warnerbros.co.jp/museum/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://natalie.mu/music/news/201371

values:
nofollow
external text
http://altpress.jp/?p=47129

values:
nofollow
external text
http://natalie.mu/music/news/211517

values:
nofollow
http://wa.oneokrock.com/
external free

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.oneokrock.com/en/news/1804

values:
nofollow
external text
http://ro69.jp/news/detail/154182

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.oneokrock.com/en/news/1648

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.oneokrock.com/jp/news/1947

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.oneokrock.com/jp/news/1957

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.oneokrock.com

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.last.fm/music/ONE+OK+ROCK

values:
One_Ok_Rock
fn org
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

values:
navbox-abovebelow
2
background: #EEEEEE;

values:
row
navbox-group
width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;

values: nowraplinks vcard hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Japanese alternative rock groups

values: Category:Musical groups established in 2005

values: Category:CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)

values: Category:CS1 Polish-language sources (pl)

values: Category:Wikipedia articles needing style editing from November 2017

values: Category:All articles needing style editing

values: Category:Wikipedia articles needing rewrite from November 2017

values: Category:Wikipedia articles needing reorganization from November 2017

values: Category:Articles with multiple maintenance issues

values: Category:Articles containing Japanese-language text

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/One_Ok_Rock
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: وان اوکی راک – Persian

values: วันโอเคร็อก – Thai

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-One_Ok_Rock rootpage-One_Ok_Rock skin-vector action-view


text:
Covalent bond
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Covalent" redirects here. For other uses, see Covalent (disambiguation).
A covalent bond forming H2 (right) where two hydrogen atoms share the two electrons
A covalent bond, also called a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. These electron pairs are known as shared pairs or bonding pairs, and the stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms, when they share electrons, is known as covalent bonding.[1][better source needed] For many molecules, the sharing of electrons allows each atom to attain the equivalent of a full outer shell, corresponding to a stable electronic configuration.
Covalent bonding includes many kinds of interactions, including σ-bonding, π-bonding, metal-to-metal bonding, agostic interactions, bent bonds, and three-center two-electron bonds.[2][3] The term covalent bond dates from 1939.[4] The prefix co- means jointly, associated in action, partnered to a lesser degree, etc.; thus a "co-valent bond", in essence, means that the atoms share "valence", such as is discussed in valence bond theory.
In the molecule H
2, the hydrogen atoms share the two electrons via covalent bonding.[5] Covalency is greatest between atoms of similar electronegativities. Thus, covalent bonding does not necessarily require that the two atoms be of the same elements, only that they be of comparable electronegativity. Covalent bonding that entails sharing of electrons over more than two atoms is said to be delocalized.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Types of covalent bonds
3 Covalent structures
4 One- and three-electron bonds
5 Resonance
5.1 Aromaticity
5.2 Hypervalence
5.3 Electron-deficiency
6 Quantum mechanical description
6.1 Covalency from atomic contribution to the electronic density of states
7 See also
8 References
9 Sources
10 External links
History
Early concepts in covalent bonding arose from this kind of image of the molecule of methane. Covalent bonding is implied in the Lewis structure by indicating electrons shared between atoms.
The term covalence in regard to bonding was first used in 1919 by Irving Langmuir in a Journal of the American Chemical Society article entitled "The Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms and Molecules". Langmuir wrote that "we shall denote by the term covalence the number of pairs of electrons that a given atom shares with its neighbors."[6]
The idea of covalent bonding can be traced several years before 1919 to Gilbert N. Lewis, who in 1916 described the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.[7] He introduced the Lewis notation or electron dot notation or Lewis dot structure, in which valence electrons (those in the outer shell) are represented as dots around the atomic symbols. Pairs of electrons located between atoms represent covalent bonds. Multiple pairs represent multiple bonds, such as double bonds and triple bonds. An alternative form of representation, not shown here, has bond-forming electron pairs represented as solid lines.
Lewis proposed that an atom forms enough covalent bonds to form a full (or closed) outer electron shell. In the diagram of methane shown here, the carbon atom has a valence of four and is, therefore, surrounded by eight electrons (the octet rule), four from the carbon itself and four from the hydrogens bonded to it. Each hydrogen has a valence of one and is surrounded by two electrons (a duet rule) – its own one electron plus one from the carbon. The numbers of electrons correspond to full shells in the quantum theory of the atom; the outer shell of a carbon atom is the n = 2 shell, which can hold eight electrons, whereas the outer (and only) shell of a hydrogen atom is the n = 1 shell, which can hold only two.
While the idea of shared electron pairs provides an effective qualitative picture of covalent bonding, quantum mechanics is needed to understand the nature of these bonds and predict the structures and properties of simple molecules. Walter Heitler and Fritz London are credited with the first successful quantum mechanical explanation of a chemical bond (molecular hydrogen) in 1927.[8] Their work was based on the valence bond model, which assumes that a chemical bond is formed when there is good overlap between the atomic orbitals of participating atoms.
Types of covalent bonds
Atomic orbitals (except for s orbitals) have specific directional properties leading to different types of covalent bonds. Sigma (σ) bonds are the strongest covalent bonds and are due to head-on overlapping of orbitals on two different atoms. A single bond is usually a σ bond. Pi (π) bonds are weaker and are due to lateral overlap between p (or d) orbitals. A double bond between two given atoms consists of one σ and one π bond, and a triple bond is one σ and two π bonds.
Covalent bonds are also affected by the electronegativity of the connected atoms which determines the chemical polarity of the bond. Two atoms with equal electronegativity will make nonpolar covalent bonds such as H–H. An unequal relationship creates a polar covalent bond such as with H−Cl. However polarity also requires geometric asymmetry, or else dipoles may cancel out resulting in a non-polar molecule.
Covalent structures
There are several types of structures for covalent substances, including individual molecules, molecular structures, macromolecular structures and giant covalent structures. Individual molecules have strong bonds that hold the atoms together, but there are negligible forces of attraction between molecules. Such covalent substances are usually gases, for example, HCl, SO2, CO2, and CH4. In molecular structures, there are weak forces of attraction. Such covalent substances are low-boiling-temperature liquids (such as ethanol), and low-melting-temperature solids (such as iodine and solid CO2). Macromolecular structures have large numbers of atoms linked by covalent bonds in chains, including synthetic polymers such as polyethylene and nylon, and biopolymers such as proteins and starch. Network covalent structures (or giant covalent structures) contain large numbers of atoms linked in sheets (such as graphite), or 3-dimensional structures (such as diamond and quartz). These substances have high melting and boiling points, are frequently brittle, and tend to have high electrical resistivity. Elements that have high electronegativity, and the ability to form three or four electron pair bonds, often form such large macromolecular structures.[9]
One- and three-electron bonds
Bonds with one or three electrons can be found in radical species, which have an odd number of electrons. The simplest example of a 1-electron bond is found in the dihydrogen cation, H+
2. One-electron bonds often have about half the bond energy of a 2-electron bond, and are therefore called "half bonds". However, there are exceptions: in the case of dilithium, the bond is actually stronger for the 1-electron Li+
2 than for the 2-electron Li2. This exception can be explained in terms of hybridization and inner-shell effects.[10]
Comparison of the electronic structure of the three-electron bond to the conventional covalent bond.[11]
The simplest example of three-electron bonding can be found in the helium dimer cation, He+
2. It is considered a "half bond" because it consists of only one shared electron (rather than two); in molecular orbital terms, the third electron is in an anti-bonding orbital which cancels out half of the bond formed by the other two electrons. Another example of a molecule containing a 3-electron bond, in addition to two 2-electron bonds, is nitric oxide, NO. The oxygen molecule, O2 can also be regarded as having two 3-electron bonds and one 2-electron bond, which accounts for its paramagnetism and its formal bond order of 2.[12] Chlorine dioxide and its heavier analogues bromine dioxide and iodine dioxide also contain three-electron bonds.
Molecules with odd-electron bonds are usually highly reactive. These types of bond are only stable between atoms with similar electronegativities.[12]
Resonance
Main article: Resonance (chemistry)
There are situations whereby a single Lewis structure is insufficient to explain the electron configuration in a molecule, hence a superposition of structures are needed. The same two atoms in such molecules can be bonded differently in different structures (a single bond in one, a double bond in another, or even none at all), resulting in a non-integer bond order. The nitrate ion is one such example with three equivalent structures. The bond between the nitrogen and each oxygen is a double bond in one structure and a single bond in the other two, so that the average bond order for each N–O interaction is 2 + 1 + 1/3 = 4/3.
Aromaticity
Main article: Aromaticity
In organic chemistry, when a molecule with a planar ring obeys Hückel's rule, where the number of π electrons fit the formula 4n + 2 (where n is an integer), it attains extra stability and symmetry. In benzene, the prototypical aromatic compound, there are 6 π bonding electrons (n = 1, 4n + 2 = 6). These occupy three delocalized π molecular orbitals (molecular orbital theory) or form conjugate π bonds in two resonance structures that linearly combine (valence bond theory), creating a regular hexagon exhibiting a greater stabilization than the hypothetical 1,3,5-cyclohexatriene.
In the case of heterocyclic aromatics and substituted benzenes, the electronegativity differences between different parts of the ring may dominate the chemical behaviour of aromatic ring bonds, which otherwise are equivalent.
Hypervalence
Main article: Hypervalent molecule
Certain molecules such as xenon difluoride and sulfur hexafluoride have higher co-ordination numbers than would be possible due to strictly covalent bonding according to the octet rule. This is explained by the three-center four-electron bond ("3c–4e") model which interprets the molecular wavefunction in terms of non-bonding highest occupied molecular orbitals in molecular orbital theory and ionic-covalent resonance in valence bond theory.
Electron-deficiency
Main article: Electron deficiency
In three-center two-electron bonds ("3c–2e") three atoms share two electrons in bonding. This type of bonding occurs in electron deficient compounds like diborane. Each such bond (2 per molecule in diborane) contains a pair of electrons which connect the boron atoms to each other in a banana shape, with a proton (nucleus of a hydrogen atom) in the middle of the bond, sharing electrons with both boron atoms. In certain cluster compounds, so-called four-center two-electron bonds also have been postulated.
Quantum mechanical description
Main article: Chemical bonding model
After the development of quantum mechanics, two basic theories were proposed to provide a quantum description of chemical bonding: valence bond (VB) theory and molecular orbital (MO) theory. A more recent quantum description[13] is given in terms of atomic contributions to the electronic density of states.
Covalency from atomic contribution to the electronic density of states
In COOP,[14] COHP[15] and BCOOP,[16] evaluation of bond covalency is dependent on the basis set. To overcome this issue, an alternative formulation of the bond covalency can be provided in this way.
The center mass cm(n,l,ml,ms) of an atomic orbital |n,l,ml,ms⟩, with quantum numbers n, l, ml, ms, for atom A is defined as
c m A ( n , l , m l , m s ) = ∫ E 0 E 1 E g | n , l , m l , m s ⟩ A ( E ) d E ∫ E 0 E 1 g | n , l , m l , m s ⟩ A ( E ) d E {\displaystyle cm^{\mathrm {A} }(n,l,m_{l},m_{s})={\frac {\int \limits _{E_{0}}\limits ^{E_{1}}Eg_{|n,l,m_{l},m_{s}\rangle }^{\mathrm {A} }\left(E\right)dE}{\int \limits _{E_{0}}\limits ^{E_{1}}g_{|n,l,m_{l},m_{s}\rangle }^{\mathrm {A} }\left(E\right)dE}}}
where gA
|n,l,ml,ms⟩(E) is the contribution of the atomic orbital |n,l,ml,ms⟩ of the atom A to the total electronic density of states g(E) of the solid
g ( E ) = ∑ A ∑ n , l ∑ m l , m s g | n , l , m l , m s ⟩ A ( E ) {\displaystyle g\left(E\right)=\sum _{\mathrm {A} }\sum _{n,l}\sum _{m_{l},m_{s}}{g_{|n,l,m_{l},m_{s}\rangle }^{\mathrm {A} }\left(E\right)}}
where the outer sum runs over all atoms A of the unit cell. The energy window [E0,E1] is chosen in such a way that it encompasses all relevant bands participating in the bond. If the range to select is unclear, it can be identified in practice by examining the molecular orbitals that describe the electron density along the considered bond.
The relative position CnAlA,nBlB of the center mass of |nA,lA⟩ levels of atom A with respect to the center mass of |nB,lB⟩ levels of atom B is given as
C n A l A , n B l B = − | c m A ( n A , l A ) − c m B ( n B , l B ) | {\displaystyle C_{n_{\mathrm {A} }l_{\mathrm {A} },n_{\mathrm {B} }l_{\mathrm {B} }}=-\left|cm^{\mathrm {A} }(n_{\mathrm {A} },l_{\mathrm {A} })-cm^{\mathrm {B} }(n_{\mathrm {B} },l_{\mathrm {B} })\right|}
where the contributions of the magnetic and spin quantum numbers are summed. According to this definition, the relative position of the A levels with respect to the B levels is
C A , B = − | c m A − c m B | {\displaystyle C_{\mathrm {A,B} }=-\left|cm^{\mathrm {A} }-cm^{\mathrm {B} }\right|}
where, for simplicity, we may omit the dependence from the principal quantum number n in the notation referring to CnAlA,nBlB.
In this formalism, the greater the value of CA,B, the higher the overlap of the selected atomic bands, and thus the electron density described by those orbitals gives a more covalent A–B bond. The quantity CA,B is denoted as the covalency of the A–B bond, which is specified in the same units of the energy E.
See also
Bonding in solids
Bond order
Coordinate covalent bond, also known as a dipolar bond or a dative covalent bond
Covalent bond classification (or LXZ notation)
Covalent radius
Disulfide bond
Hybridization
Hydrogen bond
Ionic bond
Linear combination of atomic orbitals
Metallic bonding
Noncovalent bonding
Resonance (chemistry)
References
Jump up ^ Campbell, Neil A.; Williamson, Brad; Heyden, Robin J. (2006). Biology: Exploring Life. Boston, MA: Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-250882-6. Retrieved 2012-02-05. [better source needed]
Jump up ^ March, Jerry (1992). Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-60180-2.
Jump up ^ Gary L. Miessler; Donald Arthur Tarr (2004). Inorganic Chemistry. Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-035471-6.
Jump up ^ Merriam-Webster – Collegiate Dictionary (2000).
Jump up ^ "Chemical Bonds". Hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu. Retrieved 2013-06-09.
Jump up ^ Langmuir, Irving (1919-06-01). "The Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms and Molecules". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 41 (6): 868–934. doi:10.1021/ja02227a002.
Jump up ^ Lewis, Gilbert N. (1916-04-01). "The atom and the molecule". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 38 (4): 762–785. doi:10.1021/ja02261a002.
Jump up ^ Heitler, W.; London, F. (1927). "Wechselwirkung neutraler Atome und homöopolare Bindung nach der Quantenmechanik" [Interaction of neutral atoms and homeopolar bonds according to quantum mechanics]. Zeitschrift für Physik. 44 (6–7): 455–472. Bibcode:1927ZPhy...44..455H. doi:10.1007/bf01397394. English translation in Hettema, H. (2000). Quantum Chemistry: Classic Scientific Papers. World Scientific. p. 140. ISBN 978-981-02-2771-5. Retrieved 2012-02-05.
Jump up ^ Stranks, D. R.; Heffernan, M. L.; Lee Dow, K. C.; McTigue, P. T.; Withers, G. R. A. (1970). Chemistry: A structural view. Carlton, Vic.: Melbourne University Press. p. 184. ISBN 0-522-83988-6.
Jump up ^ Weinhold, F.; Landis, C. (2005). Valency and Bonding. Cambridge. pp. 96–100. ISBN 0-521-83128-8.
Jump up ^ Harcourt, Richard D., ed. (2015). "Chapter 2: Pauling "3-Electron Bonds", 4-Electron 3-Centre Bonding, and the Need for an "Increased-Valence" Theory". Bonding in Electron-Rich Molecules: Qualitative Valence-Bond Approach via Increased-Valence Structures. Springer. ISBN 9783319166766.
^ Jump up to: a b Pauling, L. (1960). The Nature of the Chemical Bond. Cornell University Press. pp. 340–354.
Jump up ^ Cammarata, Antonio; Rondinelli, James M. (21 September 2014). "Covalent dependence of octahedral rotations in orthorhombic perovskite oxides". Journal of Chemical Physics. 141 (11): 114704. Bibcode:2014JChPh.141k4704C. doi:10.1063/1.4895967. PMID 25240365.
Jump up ^ Hughbanks, Timothy; Hoffmann, Roald (2002-05-01). "Chains of trans-edge-sharing molybdenum octahedra: metal-metal bonding in extended systems". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 105 (11): 3528–3537. doi:10.1021/ja00349a027.
Jump up ^ Dronskowski, Richard; Bloechl, Peter E. (2002-05-01). "Crystal orbital Hamilton populations (COHP): energy-resolved visualization of chemical bonding in solids based on density-functional calculations". The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 97 (33): 8617–8624. doi:10.1021/j100135a014.
Jump up ^ Grechnev, Alexei; Ahuja, Rajeev; Eriksson, Olle (2003-01-01). "Balanced crystal orbital overlap population—a tool for analysing chemical bonds in solids". Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. 15 (45): 7751. Bibcode:2003JPCM...15.7751G. doi:10.1088/0953-8984/15/45/014. ISSN 0953-8984.
Sources
"Covalent bonding – Single bonds". chemguide. 2000. Retrieved 2012-02-05.
"Electron Sharing and Covalent Bonds". Department of Chemistry University of Oxford. Retrieved 2012-02-05.
"Chemical Bonds". Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University. Retrieved 2012-02-05.
External links
Covalent Bonds and Molecular Structure
Structure and Bonding in Chemistry—Covalent Bonds
[show]
v
t
e
Chemical bonds
Intramolecular
(strong)
Covalent
By symmetry
Sigma (σ)
Pi (π)
Delta (δ)
Phi (φ)
By multiplicity
1 (single)
2 (double)
3 (triple)
4 (quadruple)
5 (quintuple)
6 (sextuple)
Miscellaneous
Agostic
Bent
Coordinate (dipolar)
Pi backbond
Charge-shift
Hapticity
Conjugation
Hyperconjugation
Antibonding
Resonant
Electron deficiency
3c–2e
4c–2e
Hypercoordination
3c–4e
Aromaticity
möbius
super
sigma
homo
bicyclo
spiro
σ-bishomo
spherical
Y-
Metallic
Metal aromaticity
Ionic
Intermolecular
(weak)
van der Waals
forces
London dispersion
Hydrogen
Low-barrier
Resonance-assisted
Symmetric
Dihydrogen bonds
C–H···O interaction
Noncovalent
other
Mechanical
Halogen
Chalcogen
Aurophilicity
Intercalation
Stacking
Cation–pi
Anion–pi
Salt bridge
Bond cleavage
Heterolysis
Homolysis
[show]
v
t
e
Concepts in organic chemistry
Aromaticity
Covalent bonding
Functional groups
Nomenclature
Organic compounds
Organic reactions
Organic synthesis
Publications
Spectroscopy
Stereochemistry
List of organic compounds
Authority control
GND: 4143323-3
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Covalent_bond&oldid=800817761"
Categories:
Chemical bonding
Hidden categories:
All articles lacking reliable references
Articles lacking reliable references from March 2015
CS1: Julian–Gregorian uncertainty
Wikipedia semi-protected pages
Pages using div col without cols and colwidth parameters
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
View source
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikibooks
Languages
Afrikaans
العربية
Asturianu
বাংলা
Bân-lâm-gú
Беларуская
Български
Bosanski
Català
Čeština
Cymraeg
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Gaelg
Galego
한국어
हिन्दी
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
Basa Jawa
ქართული
Қазақша
Kreyòl ayisyen
Latviešu
Lietuvių
Magyar
Македонски
മലയാളം
मराठी
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Occitan
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
پنجابی
Polski
Português
Română
Русиньскый
Русский
Scots
Shqip
සිංහල
Simple English
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Basa Sunda
Suomi
Svenska
தமிழ்
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
اردو
Tiếng Việt
文言
ייִדיש
Yorùbá
粵語
中文
64 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 15 September 2017, at 21:24.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

attrs: href title

values: This article is semi-protected until August 13, 2020.

attrs: class id

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/Covalent_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Covalent (disambiguation)

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: sub

attrs: class style

value: b

values: This claim needs references to better sources. (March 2015)

values: noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact

values: Journal of the American Chemical Society

values:
/wiki/Lewis_Structure
mw-redirect
Lewis Structure

values:
/wiki/Molecular_hydrogen
mw-redirect
Molecular hydrogen

values:
/wiki/Atomic_orbitals
mw-redirect
Atomic orbitals

values: display:block; line-height:1em; margin:0 0.1em; border-top:1px solid;

values: display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%; text-align:center;

values: Canonical resonance structures for the nitrate ion

values: vertical-align: -6.838ex; width:42.543ex; height:14.843ex;

values: vertical-align: -3.338ex; width:34.25ex; height:5.843ex;

values: vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:43.819ex; height:3.509ex;

values: vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:23.131ex; height:3.509ex;

values:
/wiki/Covalent_bond_classification
mw-redirect
Covalent bond classification

values:
/wiki/Disulfide_bond
mw-redirect
Disulfide bond

values: Linear combination of atomic orbitals molecular orbital method

values:
/wiki/Noncovalent_bonding
mw-redirect
Noncovalent bonding

values: div-col columns column-count column-count-2

values: -moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1021%2Fja02227a002

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1021%2Fja02261a002

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1007%2Fbf01397394

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1063%2F1.4895967

values:
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier
mw-redirect
PubMed Identifier

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25240365

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1021%2Fja00349a027

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1021%2Fj100135a014

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0953-8984

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
/wiki/Mechanical_bond
mw-redirect
Mechanical bond

values: Salt bridge (protein and supramolecular)

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: List of important publications in chemistry

values:
/wiki/List_of_organic_compounds
mw-redirect
List of organic compounds

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/4143323-3

values: Category:All articles lacking reliable references

values: Category:Articles lacking reliable references from March 2015

values: Category:Pages using div col without cols and colwidth parameters

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values:
/wiki/Covalent_bond
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values:
This page is protected.
You can view its source [ctrl-alt-e]

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-af
display: none;

values: رابطة تساهمية – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ast
display: none;

values: সমযোজী বন্ধন – Bangla

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan
display: none;

values: Кавалентная сувязь – Belarusian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be
display: none;

values: Ковалентна връзка – Bulgarian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bs
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cy
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-de
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values: Ομοιοπολικός δεσμός – Greek

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values: پیوند کووالانسی – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values: सहसंयोजी आबंध – Hindi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: קשר קוולנטי – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-jv
display: none;

values: კოვალენტური ბმა – Georgian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ka
display: none;

values: Коваленттік байланыс – Kazakh

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ht
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values: Ковалентна врска – Macedonian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mk
display: none;

values: സഹസംയോജകബന്ധനം – Malayalam

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ml
display: none;

values: सहसंयुज बंध – Marathi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-oc
display: none;

values: ਸਹਿਯੋਜਕੀ ਜੋੜ – Punjabi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values: Ковалентна вязба – Rusyn

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-rue
display: none;

values: Ковалентная связь – Russian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sco
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sq
display: none;

values: සහසංයුජ බන්ධනය – Sinhala

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-si
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sl
display: none;

values: Ковалентна веза – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-su
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values: சகப் பிணைப்பு – Tamil

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ta
display: none;

values: พันธะโคเวเลนต์ – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values: Ковалентний зв'язок – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: کوویلنٹ بونڈ – Urdu

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values: קאוואלענטער בונד – Yiddish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-yi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-yo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Covalent_bond rootpage-Covalent_bond skin-vector action-view


text:
Padawan
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Padawan may refer to:
Locations in Malaysia:
Padawan, Sarawak
Padawan municipality
Padawan (Non federal constituency), formerly represented in the Dewan Rakyat (1971–99)
Padawan (Star Wars), an apprentice of the fictional Jedi Order in the Star Wars franchise
This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Padawan.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padawan&oldid=763752727"
Categories:
Disambiguation pages
Hidden categories:
All article disambiguation pages
All disambiguation pages
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Add links
This page was last edited on 5 February 2017, at 01:56.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: p

values: Padawan (Non federal constituency) (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Padawan_(Star_Wars)
mw-redirect
Padawan (Star Wars)

values: padding: 0.25em 0.4em; font-style: italic;

values: metadata plainlinks dmbox dmbox-disambig

values: Category:All article disambiguation pages

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Padawan
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Padawan rootpage-Padawan skin-vector action-view