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Remittance
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This article is about the transfer of money by migrant workers. For a payment sent by a customer to a business, see remittance advice. For an allowance sent to an exiled person on condition that they do not return home, see remittance man.
Remittance advertising in Oxford Street, London with Polish and Russian
A remittance is a transfer of money by a foreign worker to an individual in his or her home country. Money sent home by migrants competes with international aid as one of the largest financial inflows to developing countries. Workers' remittances are a significant part of international capital flows, especially with regard to labour-exporting countries.[1] In 2014, $436 billion went to developing countries, setting a new record. Overall global remittances totaled $582 billion in 2015.[2] Some countries, such as India and China, receive tens of billions of US dollars in remittances each year from their expatriates and diaspora. In 2014, India received an estimated $70 billion and China an estimated $64 billion.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Global extent
1.1 Top recipient countries
2 By region
2.1 Asia
2.1.1 India
2.1.2 Jordan
2.1.3 Philippines
2.2 Latin America and the Caribbean
2.3 North America
2.3.1 United States
2.4 Africa
2.4.1 Nigeria
2.4.2 Somalia
3 History
3.1 Overview
4 Dynamics
4.1 Emergencies
4.2 Potential security concerns
4.3 Economic benefits for developing countries
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Global extent[edit]
Remittances are playing an increasingly large role in the economies of many countries. They contribute to economic growth and to the livelihoods of those countries. According to World Bank estimates, remittances will total US$585.1 billion in 2016, of which US$442 billion[4] went to developing countries that involved 250 million migrant workers.[5] For some individual recipient countries, remittances can be as high as a third of their GDP.[5]
Top recipient countries[edit]
Top recipient countries of remittances (in billions of US Dollar)[6] [7]
Country
Remittances 2012
Remittances 2013
Remittances 2014
Remittances 2015
Remittances 2016
Remittances 2017
India 68.82 69.97 70.97 72.20 62.7 65.4
China 57.99 59.49 61.49 63.90 61.0 62.9
Philippines 24.61 26.70 27.90 29.80 29.9 32.8
Mexico 23.37 23.02 24.50 25.70 28.5 30.5
Pakistan 14.01 14.63 17.80 20.10 19.8 22.3
Nigeria 20.63 20.89 20.88 20.89 19.0 19.8
Egypt 19.24 17.83 19.83 20.40 16.6 18.2
Bangladesh 14.24 13.86 15.10 15.80 13.7 13.8
Vietnam 10.00 11.00 11.80 12.30 13.4 12.9
Note: These are the largest 15 recipient countries of remittances only for the year 2013. World Bank data is used for all countries and years.
As a share of GDP, the top recipients of remittances in 2013 were Timor-Leste (216.6%), Tajikistan (42.1%), Kyrgyzstan (31.5%), Nepal (28.8%), Moldova (24.9%), Lesotho (24.4%), Samoa (23.8%), Haiti (21.1%), Armenia (21.0%), The Gambia (19.8%), Liberia (18.5%), Lebanon (17.0%), Honduras (16.9%), El Salvador (16.4%), Kosovo (16.1%), Jamaica (15.0%) and Bosnia and Herzegovina (8.82%, which is 1.540 billion $ for 2017 on 31 December 2017 conversion rate between € and US$).[6][8]
By region[edit]
The US has been the leading source of remittances globally in every year since 1983. Russia, Saudi Arabia, and Switzerland have been the next largest senders of remittances since 2007.[6]
Asia[edit]
A majority of the remittances have been directed to Asian countries like India (approx. 62.7 billion USD in 2016), China (approx. 61.0 billion USD in 2016), the Philippines (approx. 29.9 billion USD in 2016), Pakistan (19.8 billion USD in 2016) and more.[9]
Most of the remittances happen by the conventional channel of agents, like Western Union, Ria Money Transfer, MoneyGram, UAE Exchange, and similar. However, with the increasing relevance and reach of the Internet, online and mobile phone money transfers have grown significantly.[10] Several companies such as Everex are exploring blockchain (the technology underlying cryptocurrencies such as BitCoin and Ethereum) to create descentralized microfinance and remittance services, cutting transaction fees and offering extremely competitive rates, while at the same time including underbanked individuals (people without a bank account) to the world economy.
India[edit]
Main article: Remittances to India
Jordan[edit]
The flow of remittances to Jordan experienced rapid growth during the 1970s and 1980s when Jordan started exporting skilled labour to the Persian Gulf. These remittances represent an important source of funding for many developing countries, including Jordan.[11] According to the World Bank data on remittances, with about 3 billion USD in 2010 Jordan ranked at 10th place among all developing countries. Jordan ranked among the top 20 recipients of remittances for the preceding decade. In addition, the Arab Monetary Fund (AMF) statistics in 2010 indicate that Jordan was the third biggest recipient of remittances among Arab countries after Egypt and Lebanon. The host countries that have absorbed most of the Jordanian expatriates are Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, where the available data indicate that about 90% of Jordanian migrants are working in the Persian Gulf.[12]
Philippines[edit]
A common shop for remittance in Angeles City, Philippines.
According to a World Bank Study,[13] the Philippines is the second largest recipient for remittances in Asia. It was estimated in 1994 that migrants sent over US$2.6 billion back to the Philippines through formal banking systems. With the addition of money sent through private finance companies and return migrants, the 1994 total was closer to US$6 billion annually.[14]
The total is estimated to have grown by 7.8 per cent annually to reach US$21.3 billion in 2010. Remittances are a reliable source of revenue for the Philippines, accounting for 8.9 per cent of the country's GDP.[15]
The Estrada administration in 2000 declared it "The Year of Overseas Filipino Worker in the Recognition of the Determination and Supreme Self-Sacrifice of Overseas Filipino Workers." This declaration connects monetary remittances of overseas workers as the top foreign-exchange earnings in the Philippines.[14]
Latin America and the Caribbean[edit]
In Latin America and the Caribbean, remittances play an important role in the economy of the region, totaling over 66.5 billion USD in 2007, with about 75% originating in the United States. This total represents more than the sum of Foreign direct investment and official development aid combined. In seven Latin American and Caribbean countries, remittances even account for more than 10% of GDP and exceed the dollar flows of the largest export product in almost every country in the region.[16]
Percentages ranged from 2% in Mexico, to 18% in El Salvador, 21% in Honduras, and up to 30% in Haiti.[17] The Inter American Development Bank's Multilateral Investment Fund (IDB-MIF) has been the leading agency on regional remittance research.[16]
Mexico received remittance inflows of almost US$24 billion in 2007, 95% of which originated in the US.
North America[edit]
United States[edit]
Main article: Remittances from the United States
A 2004 study found that over 60% of the 16.5 million Latin American-born adults who resided in the United States at the time of the survey regularly sent money home. The remittances sent by these 10 million immigrants were transmitted via more than 100 million individual transactions per year and amounted to an estimated $30 billion during 2004. Each transaction averaged about $150–$250, and, because these migrants tended to send smaller amounts more frequently than others, their remittances had a higher percentage of costs due to transfer fees.[18]
Migrants sent approximately 10% of their household incomes; these remittances made up a corresponding 50–80% of the household incomes for the recipients. Significant amounts of remittances were sent from 37 U.S. states, but six states were identified as the "traditional sending" states: New York (which led the group with 81% of its immigrants making regular remittances), California, Texas, Florida, Illinois, and New Jersey. The high growth rate of remittances to Mexico (not the total amount) is unlikely to continue. In fact, according to the Mexican central bank, remittances grew just 0.6 during the first six months of 2007, as compared to 23% during the same period in 2006. Experts attribute the slowdown to a contraction in the U.S. construction industry, tighter border controls, and a crackdown in the U.S. on illegal immigration.[13]
Remittance culture in the United States has contributed to the formation of "micro-geographies", tightly knit networks that integrate U.S. communities with communities throughout Latin America, such as migrants from Oaxaca, Mexico, who have settled in Venice Beach, California. Oaxacans not only send money back to their communities, but they also travel back and forth extensively.[13]
As of recently, remittances from the United States to Latin America have been on the decline. While there were USD 69.2 billion worth of remittances sent in 2008, that figure has fallen to $58.9 billion for 2011. This trend is a result of many factors including the global recession, more economic opportunity in Latin American countries, and rising fees charged by coyotes to smuggle immigrants across the border.[19]
The pattern of migration has changed from a circular flow, in which immigrants work in the United States for a few years before returning to their families in their home countries, to a one-way stream whereby migrants find themselves stuck in the United States. As a result, the new wave of migrants are both less likely to leave and more likely to stay in the United States for longer periods of time. Overall, this trend has contributed to falling levels of remittances sent to Latin American countries from the United States.[19]
Africa[edit]
Remittances to Africa play an important role to national economies. However, little data exists as many rely on informal channels to send money home. Immigrants from Africa today number approximately 20 to 30 million adults, who send around $40 billion USD annually to their families and local communities back home. For the region as a whole, this represents 50 percent more than net official development assistance (ODA) from all sources, and, for most countries, the amount also exceeds foreign direct investment (FDI). In several fragile states, remittances are estimated to exceed 50 percent of GDP.[20]
Most African countries restrict the payment of remittances to banks, which in turn, typically enter into exclusive arrangements with large money transfer companies, like Western Union or Money Gram, to operate on their behalf. This results in limited competition and limited access for consumers, which allows these Money Transfer Operators (MTOs) to charge the highest fees for remittances in the world.[21] However, there are a number of new players aiming to disrupt this established MTO model, such as Xoom and Willstream, which leverage increasing mobile phone penetration in the region and provide different rate structures to Diaspora customers.[22][23]
According to a World Bank study,[13] Nigeria is by far the top remittance recipient in Africa, accounting for $10 billion in 2010, a slight increase over the previous year ($9.6 billion). Other top recipients include Sudan ($3.2 billion), Kenya ($1.8 billion), Senegal ($1.2 billion), South Africa ($1.0 billion), Uganda ($0.8 billion), Lesotho ($0.5 billion), Ethiopia ($387 million), Mali ($385 million), and Togo ($302 million). As a share of Gross Domestic Product, the top recipients in 2009 were: Lesotho (25%), Togo (10%), Cape Verde (9%), Guinea-Bissau (9%), Senegal (9%), Gambia (8%), Liberia (6%), Sudan (6%), Nigeria (6%), and Kenya (5%).[24]
Nigeria[edit]
A major source of foreign-exchange earnings for Nigeria are remittances sent home by Nigerians living abroad.[25] In 2014, 17.5 million Nigerians lived in foreign countries, with the UK and the USA having more than 2 million Nigerians each.[25]
According to the International Organization for Migration, Nigeria witnessed a dramatic increase in remittances sent home from overseas Nigerians, going from USD 2.3 billion in 2004 to 17.9 billion in 2007, representing 6.7% of GDP. In 2016, remittances reached a new record of $35 billion.[26] The United States accounts for the largest portion of official remittances, followed by the United Kingdom, Italy, Canada, Spain and France. On the African continent, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Chad, Libya and South Africa are important source countries of remittance flows to Nigeria, while China is the biggest remittance-sending country in Asia.
An August 2016 Nigerian Central Bank (NCB) decision to suspend the operations of all MTOs in the country, except those of Western Union, MoneyGram and Rio,[27] was met with a strong backlash.[28] It was argued that the decision was not appropriately justified, while also standing in contrast to the NCB’s previous move to ban all exclusivity agreements with Western Union.[29] The decision was considered to disproportionally strengthen the dominant position of Western Union, MoneyGram and Rio.[30] Under pressure, however, the Central Bank reversed the decision and granted new licenses to a number of competing MTOs.[31]
Somalia[edit]
Somali expatriates often send remittances to their relatives in Greater Somalia through Dahabshiil and other Somali-owned money transfer companies. In order to ensure that these funds go to their intended recipients rather than Al-Shabaab and other militant groups, the governments of the United States, Australia, and a number of other Western countries tightened their banking requirements or stopped processing altogether the remittances.[32][33] To address the concerns, the United States Congress passed the Money Remittances Improvement Act of 2014.[32]
In April 2015, the Federal Cabinet of Somalia also officially launched the Special Task Force on Remittances (STFR). The multi-agency initiative is mandated with facilitating the Federal Government of Somalia's new national policy pertaining to the money transfer industry. Its main priority is centered on establishing a comprehensive strategy and a consultative implementation plan for the formalization of the local financial sector. Additionally, the STFR is tasked with helping to foster a business environment and financial infrastructure conducive to growth. It is also empowered to coordinate and speed up the endorsement of financial governance instruments and transparency associated legislation, such as the laws on Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Counter Financing of Terrorism (CFT). In accordance with the Financial Action Task Force (FATF)'s recommendations, the STFR is in turn slated to oversee the Somali federal government's campaign to ratify various international treaties. The Task Forces' membership is scheduled to be announced shortly, and will be drawn from government institutions, the remittance industry, banks and other key private sector stakeholders.[34]
History[edit]
Overview[edit]
Remittances are not a new phenomenon in the world, being a normal concomitant to migration which has always been a part of human history. Several European countries, for example Spain, Italy and Ireland were heavily dependent on remittances received from their emigrants during the 19th and 20th centuries. In the case of Spain, remittances amounted to the 21% of all of its current account income in 1946.[35] All of those countries created policies on remittances developed after significant research efforts in the field. For instance, Italy was the first country in the world to enact a law to protect remittances in 1901[36] while Spain was the first country to sign an international treaty (with Argentina in 1960) to lower the cost of the remittances received.[citation needed]
Since 2000, remittances have increased sharply worldwide, having almost tripled to $529 billion in 2012. In 2012, migrants from India and China alone sent more than $130 billion to their home countries.[37]
In 2004 the G8 met at the Sea Island Summit and decided to take action to lower the costs for migrant workers who send money back to their friends and families in their country of origin. In light of this, various G8 government developmental organizations, such as the UK government's Department for International Development (DFID) and USAID began to look into ways in which the cost of remitting money could be lowered.
In September 2008, the World Bank established the first international database of remittance prices. The Remittance Prices Worldwide Database[38] provides data on sending and receiving remittances for over 200 "country corridors" worldwide. The "corridors" examined include remittance flows from 32 major sending countries to 89 receiving countries, which account for more than 60% of total remittances to developing countries.[39] The resulting publication of the Remittance Prices Worldwide Database serves four major purposes: benchmarking improvements, allowing comparisons across countries, supporting consumers’ choices, and putting pressure on service providers to improve their services.[39]
At the July 2009 summit in L'Aquila, Italy, G8 heads of government and states endorsed the objective of reducing the cost of remittance services by five percentage points in five years. To drive down costs, the World Bank has begun certifying regional and national databases that use a consistent methodology to compare the cost of sending remittances.[40]
At the G20 2011 Summit in Cannes, Bill Gates stated that, "If the transaction costs on remittances worldwide were cut from where they are today at around 10% to an average of 5%…it would unlock $15bn a year in poor countries."[41] A number of low-cost online services such as Azimo have emerged with the objective of lowering the cost of money transfers to developing and emerging economies.
Dynamics[edit]
Emergencies[edit]
During disasters or emergencies, remittances can be a vital source of income for people whose other forms of livelihood may have been destroyed by conflict or natural disaster. According to the Overseas Development Institute, this is being increasingly recognized as important by aid actors who are considering better ways of supporting people in emergency responses.[42]
Potential security concerns[edit]
The recent internationally coordinated effort to stifle possible sources of money laundering and/or terrorist financing has increased the cost of sending remittances, directly increasing costs to the companies facilitating the sending, and indirectly increasing the costs to the person remitting. As in some corridors a sizable amount of remittances is sent through informal channels (family connections, traveling friends, local money lenders, etc.). According to the World Bank,[43] some countries do not report remittances data.
Moreover, when data is available, the methodologies used by countries for remittance data compilation are not publicly available. A 2010 world survey of central banks found significant differences in the quality of remittance data collection across countries: some central banks only used remittances data reported from commercial banks, neglecting to account for remittance flows via money transfer operators and post offices.[44]
Remittances can be difficult to track and potentially sensitive to money laundering (AML) and terror financing (CTF) concerns. Since 9/11 many governments and the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) have taken steps to address informal value transfer systems. This is done through nations' Financial Intelligence Units (FIUs). The principle legislative initiatives in this area are the USA PATRIOT Act, Title III in the United States and, in the EU, through a series of EU Money Laundering Directives. Though no serious terror risk should be associated with migrants sending money to their families, misuse of the financial system remains a serious government concern.
Economic benefits for developing countries[edit]
The extent to which remittances produce benefits for developing countries is contested.[45]
World Bank economists contend that remittance receivers' higher propensity to own a bank account means that remittances can promote access to financial services for the sender and recipient, claimed to be an essential aspect of leveraging remittances to promote economic development.[13] Meanwhile, critical migration scholars have expressed concern about the ability of remittances to address the structural causes of economic underdevelopment[46][47] and see an increasing policy emphasis on finance as symptomatic of a paradigmatic shift towards a 'self-help development' that burdens the poor.[48]
Remittances are generally thought to be counter-cyclical. The stability of remittance flows amidst financial crises and economic downturns make them a reliable source of foreign exchange earnings for developing countries.[13] As migrant remittances are sent cumulatively over the years and not only by new migrants, remittances are able to be persistent over time. This is particularly true of remittances sent by circular migrants, migrant workers who move back and forth between their home and host countries in a temporary and repetitive manner. At the state level, countries with diversified migration destinations are likely to have more sustainable remittance flows.[13]
From a macroeconomic perspective, there is no conclusive relationship between remittances and GDP growth.[49] While remittances can boost aggregate demand and thereby spur economic activity, other research indicates that remittances may also have adverse macroeconomic impacts by increasing income inequality and reducing labour supply among recipient countries.[50]
The World Bank and the Bank for International Settlements have developed international standards for remittance services.[51]
See also[edit]
Hawala
References[edit]
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External links[edit]
The incredible rise of migrants' remittances Data visualisation of remittances' development since 1970.
Integration : Building Inclusive Societies (IBIS) UN Alliance of Civilizations online community on Good Practices of Integration of Migrants across the World
Outlook for remittance flows to developing countries: Recovery after the global financial crisis but risks lie ahead
Migration and Remittances
Comprehensive list of remittance providers
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List of National Basketball Association career scoring leaders
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article's lead section does not adequately summarize key points of its contents. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. Please discuss this issue on the article's talk page. (March 2018)
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar has scored the most career points in NBA history.
This article provides two lists:
A list of National Basketball Association players by total career regular season points scored.
A progressive list of scoring leaders showing how the record increased through the past seasons.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Scoring Leaders
2 Progressive list of scoring leaders
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Scoring Leaders[edit]
The following is a list of National Basketball Association players by total career regular season points scored.
Statistics accurate as of the conclusion of the 2017–18 NBA season on April 11, 2018.
^ Active NBA player
* Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame
† Not yet eligible for Hall of Fame consideration[2]
Rank
Player
Position(s)
Team(s) played for (years)[3]
Total points
Games
played
Points
per game
average[4]
Field goals
made
Three-point
field goals
made[5]
Free
throws
made
1 Abdul-Jabbar, KareemKareem Abdul-Jabbar*[6] C Milwaukee Bucks (1969–1975)
Los Angeles Lakers (1975–1989) 38,387 1,560 24.6 15,837 1 6,712
2 Malone, KarlKarl Malone* PF Utah Jazz (1985–2003)
Los Angeles Lakers (2003–2004) 36,928 1,476 25.0 13,528 85 9,787
3 Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant† SG Los Angeles Lakers (1996–2016) 33,643 1,346 25.0 11,719 1,827 8,378
4 Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan* SG Chicago Bulls (1984–1993, 1995–1998)
Washington Wizards (2001–2003) 32,292 1,072 30.1 12,192 581 7,327
5 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* C Philadelphia/San Francisco Warriors (1959–1965)
Philadelphia 76ers (1965–1968)
Los Angeles Lakers (1968–1973) 31,419 1,045 30.1 12,681 0 6,057
6 Nowitzki, DirkDirk Nowitzki^ PF/C Dallas Mavericks (1999–present) 31,187 1,471 21.2 11,034 1,918 7,201
7 James, LeBronLeBron James^ SF/PF Cleveland Cavaliers (2003–2010, 2014–present)
Miami Heat (2010–2014) 31,038 1,143 27.2 11,280 1,616 6,862
8 O'Neal, ShaquilleShaquille O'Neal* C Orlando Magic (1992–1996)
Los Angeles Lakers (1996–2004)
Miami Heat (2004–2008)
Phoenix Suns (2008–2009)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2009–2010)
Boston Celtics (2010–2011) 28,596 1,207 23.7 11,330 1 5,935
9 Malone, MosesMoses Malone* C Buffalo Braves (1976)
Houston Rockets (1976–1982)
Philadelphia 76ers (1982–1986, 1993–1994)
Washington Bullets (1986–1988)
Atlanta Hawks (1988–1991)
Milwaukee Bucks (1991–1993)
San Antonio Spurs (1994–1995) 27,409 1,329 20.6 9,435 8 8,531
10 Hayes, ElvinElvin Hayes* PF/C San Diego/Houston Rockets (1968–1972, 1981–1984)
Baltimore/Capital/Washington Bullets (1972–1981) 27,313 1,303 21.0 10,976 5 5,356
11 Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon*[7] C Houston Rockets (1984–2001)
Toronto Raptors (2001–2002) 26,946 1,238 21.8 10,749 25 5,423
12 Robertson, OscarOscar Robertson* PG Cincinnati Royals (1960–1970)
Milwaukee Bucks (1970–1974) 26,710 1,040 25.7 9,508 0 7,694
13 Wilkins, DominiqueDominique Wilkins* SF Atlanta Hawks (1982–1994)
Los Angeles Clippers (1994)
Boston Celtics (1994–1995)
San Antonio Spurs (1996–1997)
Orlando Magic (1999) 26,668 1,074 24.8 9,963 711 6,031
14 Duncan, TimTim Duncan† PF/C San Antonio Spurs (1997–2016) 26,496 1,392 19.0 10,285 30 5,896
15 Pierce, PaulPaul Pierce† SF/SG Boston Celtics (1999–2013)
Brooklyn Nets (2013–2014)
Washington Wizards (2014–2015)
Los Angeles Clippers (2015–2017) 26,397 1,343 19.7 8,668 2,143 6,918
16 Havlicek, JohnJohn Havlicek* SF/SG Boston Celtics (1962–1978) 26,395 1,270 20.8 10,513 0 5,369
17 Garnett, KevinKevin Garnett† PF/C Minnesota Timberwolves (1995–2007, 2015–2016)
Boston Celtics (2007–2013)
Brooklyn Nets (2013–2015) 26,071 1,462 17.8 10,505 174 4,887
18 English, AlexAlex English* SF Milwaukee Bucks (1976–1978)
Indiana Pacers (1978–1980)
Denver Nuggets (1980–1990)
Dallas Mavericks (1990–1991) 25,613 1,193 21.5 10,659 18 4,277
19 Anthony, CarmeloCarmelo Anthony^ SF Denver Nuggets (2003–2011)
New York Knicks (2011–2017)
Oklahoma City Thunder (2017–present) 25,417 1,054 24.1 9,088 1,341 5,900
20 Miller, ReggieReggie Miller* SG Indiana Pacers (1987–2005) 25,279 1,389 18.2 8,241 2,560 6,237
21 West, JerryJerry West* PG/SG Los Angeles Lakers (1960–1974) 25,192 932 27.0 9,016 0 7,160
22 Carter, VinceVince Carter^ SG/SF Toronto Raptors (1999–2004)
New Jersey Nets (2004–2009)
Orlando Magic (2009–2010)
Phoenix Suns (2010–2011)
Dallas Mavericks (2011–2014)
Memphis Grizzlies (2014–2017)
Sacramento Kings (2017–present) 24,868 1,405 17.7 8,990 2,106 4,782
23 Ewing, PatrickPatrick Ewing* C New York Knicks (1985–2000)
Seattle SuperSonics (2000–2001)
Orlando Magic (2001–2002) 24,815 1,183 21.0 9,702 19 5,392
24 Allen, RayRay Allen* SG Milwaukee Bucks (1996–2003)
Seattle SuperSonics (2003–2007)
Boston Celtics (2007–2012)
Miami Heat (2012–2014) 24,505 1,300 18.9 8,567 2,973 4,398
25 Iverson, AllenAllen Iverson* SG/PG Philadelphia 76ers (1996–2006, 2009–2010)
Denver Nuggets (2006–2008)
Detroit Pistons (2008–2009)
Memphis Grizzlies (2009) 24,368 914 26.7 8,467 1,059 6,375
26 Barkley, CharlesCharles Barkley* PF Philadelphia 76ers (1984–1992)
Phoenix Suns (1992–1996)
Houston Rockets (1996–2000) 23,757 1,073 22.1 8,435 538 6,349
27 Parish, RobertRobert Parish* C Golden State Warriors (1976–1980)
Boston Celtics (1980–1994)
Charlotte Hornets (1994–1996)
Chicago Bulls (1996–1997) 23,334 1,611 14.5 9,614 0 4,106
28 Dantley, AdrianAdrian Dantley* SF Buffalo Braves (1976–1977)
Indiana Pacers (1977)
Los Angeles Lakers (1977–1979)
Utah Jazz (1979–1986)
Detroit Pistons (1986–1989)
Dallas Mavericks (1989–1990)
Milwaukee Bucks (1991) 23,177 955 24.3 8,169 7 6,832
29 Baylor, ElginElgin Baylor* SF Minneapolis/Los Angeles Lakers (1958–1971) 23,149 846 27.4 8,693 0 5,763
30 Drexler, ClydeClyde Drexler* SG Portland Trail Blazers (1983–1995)
Houston Rockets (1995–1998) 22,195 1,086 20.4 8,335 827 4,698
31 Wade, DwyaneDwyane Wade^ SG Miami Heat (2003–2016, 2018–present)
Chicago Bulls (2016–2017)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2017–2018) 22,082 982 22.5 8,038 463 5,543
32 Payton, GaryGary Payton* PG Seattle SuperSonics (1990–2003)
Milwaukee Bucks (2003)
Los Angeles Lakers (2003–2004)
Boston Celtics (2004–2005)
Miami Heat (2005–2007) 21,813 1,335 16.3 8,708 1,132 3,265
33 Bird, LarryLarry Bird* SF/PF Boston Celtics (1979–1992) 21,791 897 24.3 8,591 649 3,960
34 Greer, HalHal Greer* SG/PG Syracuse Nationals/Philadelphia 76ers (1958–1973) 21,586 1,122 19.2 8,504 0 4,578
35 Bellamy, WaltWalt Bellamy* C Chicago Packers/Zephyrs/Baltimore Bullets (1961–1965)
New York Knicks (1965–1968)
Detroit Pistons (1968–1970)
Atlanta Hawks (1970–1974)
New Orleans Jazz (1974) 20,941 1,043 20.1 7,914 0 5,113
36 Durant, KevinKevin Durant^ SF/SG Seattle SuperSonics/Oklahoma City Thunder (2007–2016)
Golden State Warriors (2016–present) 20,913 771 27.1 7,093 1,433 5,294
37 Pettit, BobBob Pettit* PF/C Milwaukee/St. Louis Hawks (1954–1965) 20,880 792 26.4 7,349 0 6,182
38 Robinson, DavidDavid Robinson* C San Antonio Spurs (1989–2003) 20,790 987 21.1 7,365 25 6,035
39 Gasol, PauPau Gasol^ C/PF Memphis Grizzlies (2001–2008)
Los Angeles Lakers (2008–2014)
Chicago Bulls (2014–2016)
San Antonio Spurs (2016–present) 20,776 1,196 17.4 7,938 173 4,727
40 Gervin, GeorgeGeorge Gervin* SG/SF San Antonio Spurs (1976–1985)
Chicago Bulls (1985–1986) 20,708 791 26.2 8,045 77 4,541
41 Richmond, MitchMitch Richmond* SG Golden State Warriors (1988–1991)
Sacramento Kings (1991–1998)
Washington Wizards (1999–2001)
Los Angeles Lakers (2001–2002) 20,497 976 21.0 7,305 1,326 4,561
42 Johnson, JoeJoe Johnson^ SG/SF Boston Celtics (2001–2002)
Phoenix Suns (2002–2005)
Atlanta Hawks (2005–2012)
Brooklyn Nets (2012–2016)
Miami Heat (2016)
Utah Jazz (2016–2018)
Houston Rockets (2018–present) 20,405 1,276 16.0 7,822 1,978 2,783
43 Chambers, TomTom Chambers PF San Diego Clippers (1981–1983)
Seattle SuperSonics (1983–1988)
Phoenix Suns (1988–1993)
Utah Jazz (1993–1995)
Charlotte Hornets (1997)
Philadelphia 76ers (1997) 20,049 1,107 18.1 7,378 227 5,066
44 Jamison, AntawnAntawn Jamison PF/SF Golden State Warriors (1999–2003)
Dallas Mavericks (2003–2004)
Washington Wizards (2004–2010)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2010–2012)
Los Angeles Lakers (2012–2013)
Los Angeles Clippers (2013–2014) 20,042 1,083 18.5 7,679 1,163 3,521
45 Stockton, JohnJohn Stockton* PG Utah Jazz (1984–2003) 19,711 1,504 13.1 7,039 845 4,788
46 King, BernardBernard King* SF New Jersey Nets (1977–1979, 1993)
Utah Jazz (1979)
Golden State Warriors (1980–1982)
New York Knicks (1982–1985, 1987)
Washington Bullets (1987–1991) 19,655 874 22.5 7,830 23 3,972
47 Robinson, CliffordClifford Robinson PF/SF Portland Trail Blazers (1989–1997)
Phoenix Suns (1997–2001)
Detroit Pistons (2001–2003)
Golden State Warriors (2003–2005)
New Jersey Nets (2005–2007) 19,591 1,380 14.2 7,389 1,253 3,560
48 Davis, WalterWalter Davis SG/SF Phoenix Suns (1977–1988)
Denver Nuggets (1988–1991, 1991–1992)
Portland Trail Blazers (1991) 19,521 1,033 18.9 8,118 157 3,128
49 Cummings, TerryTerry Cummings PF San Diego Clippers (1982–1984)
Milwaukee Bucks (1984–1989, 1995–1996)
San Antonio Spurs (1989–1995)
Seattle SuperSonics (1996–1997)
Philadelphia 76ers (1997–1998)
New York Knicks (1998)
Golden State Warriors (1999–2000) 19,460 1,183 16.4 8,045 44 3,326
50 Lanier, BobBob Lanier* C Detroit Pistons (1970–1980)
Milwaukee Bucks (1980–1984) 19,248 959 20.1 7,761 2 3,724
Progressive list of scoring leaders[edit]
This is a progressive list of scoring leaders showing how the record increased through the years.[1]
Statistics accurate as of the conclusion of the 2017–18 NBA season on April 11, 2018.
^ Active NBA player
* Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame
† Not yet eligible for Hall of Fame consideration[2]
Only players with at least 50 win shares are shown for 1st time eligible Hall of Fame consideration.
Win Shares is a player statistic which attempts to divvy up credit for team success to the individuals on the team.[8]
Team abbreviations
Team(s) listed is the one player was on when he established the record.
ATL Atlanta Hawks DET Detroit Pistons MIL Milwaukee Bucks PHX Phoenix Suns
BOS Boston Celtics FTW Fort Wayne Pistons MIN Minnesota Timberwolves PHW Philadelphia Warriors
BUF Buffalo Braves GSW Golden State Warriors MNL Minneapolis Lakers SAS San Antonio Spurs
CHI Chicago Bulls HOU Houston Rockets NOJ New Orleans Jazz SDR San Diego Rockets
CHS Chicago Stags IND Indiana Pacers NOP New Orleans Pelicans SFW San Francisco Warriors
CLE Cleveland Cavaliers KCO Kansas City-Omaha Kings OKC Oklahoma City Thunder STL St. Louis Hawks
DAL Dallas Mavericks LAL Los Angeles Lakers ORL Orlando Magic SYR Syracuse Nationals
DEN Denver Nuggets MIA Miami Heat PHI Philadelphia 76ers UTA Utah Jazz
Scoring Leader at the end of every season
Season
Year-by-year leader
Points
Active player points leader
Total points
Career points record
Total points
Single-season points record
Points
Season
1946–47 Joe Fulks*000PHW 1,389 Joe Fulks*000PHW 1,389 Joe Fulks*000PHW 1,389 Joe Fulks*000PHW 1,389 1946–47
1947–48 Max Zaslofsky000CHS 1,007 2,338 2,338 1947–48
1948–49 George Mikan*000MNL 1,698 3,898 3,898 George Mikan*000MNL 1,698 1948–49
1949–50 1,865 4,863 4,863 1,865 1949–50
1950–51 1,932 6,099 6,099 1,932 1950–51
1951–52 Paul Arizin*000PHW 1,674 7,021 7,021 1951–52
1952–53 Neil Johnston*000PHW 1,564 George Mikan*000MNL 8,460 George Mikan*000MNL 8,460 1952–53
1953–54 1,759 9,766 9,766 1953–54
1954–55 1,631 Max Zaslofsky000FTW 7,902 1954–55
1955–56 Bob Pettit*000STL 1,849 George Mikan*000MNL 10,156 10,156 1955–56
1956–57 Paul Arizin*000PHW 1,817 Ed Macauley*000STL 10,150 1956–57
1957–58 George Yardley*000DET 2,001 Dolph Schayes*000SYR 11,764 Dolph Schayes*000SYR 11,764 George Yardley*000DET 2,001 1957–58
1958–59 Bob Pettit*000STL 2,105 13,298 13,298 Bob Pettit*000STL 2,105 1958–59
1959–60 Wilt Chamberlain*
000PHW 1959–62
000SFW 1962–65
000PHI 1965–66 2,707 14,987 14,987 Wilt Chamberlain*000PHW 2,707 1959–60
1960–61 3,033 16,855 16,855 3,033 1960–61
1961–62 4,029 17,677 17,677 4,029 1961–62
1962–63 3,586 18,304 18,304 1962–63
1963–64 2,948 Bob Pettit*000STL 19,756 Bob Pettit*000STL 19,756 1963–64
1964–65 2,534 20,880 20,880 1964–65
1965–66 2,649 Wilt Chamberlain*
000PHI 1965–68
000LAL 1968–73 21,486 Wilt Chamberlain*
000PHI 1965–68
000LAL 1968–73 21,486 1965–66
1966–67 Rick Barry*000SFW 2,775 23,442 23,442 1966–67
1967–68 Dave Bing*000DET 2,142 25,434 25,434 1967–68
1968–69 Elvin Hayes*000SDR 2,327 27,098 27,098 1968–69
1969–70 Kareem Abdul-Jabbar*000MIL 2,361 27,426 27,426 1969–70
1970–71 2,596 29,122 29,122 1970–71
1971–72 2,822 30,335 30,335 1971–72
1972–73 Tiny Archibald*000KCO 2,719 31,419 31,419 1972–73
1973–74 Bob McAdoo*000BUF 2,261 Oscar Robertson*000MIL 26,710 1973–74
1974–75 2,831 John Havlicek*000BOS 22,389 1974–75
1975–76 2,427 23,678 1975–76
1976–77 Pete Maravich*000NOJ 2,273 25,073 1976–77
1977–78 George Gervin*000SAS 2,232 26,395 1977–78
1978–79 2,365 Kareem Abdul-Jabbar*
000LAL 22,141 1978–79
1979–80 2,585 24,175 1979–80
1980–81 Adrian Dantley*000UTA 2,452 26,270 1980–81
1981–82 George Gervin*000SAS 2,551 28,088 1981–82
1982–83 Alex English*000DEN 2,326 29,810 1982–83
1983–84 Adrian Dantley*000UTA 2,418 31,527 Kareem Abdul-Jabbar*000LAL 31,527 1983–84
1984–85 Michael Jordan*000CHI 2,313 33,262 33,262 1984–85
1985–86 Alex English*000DEN 2,414 35,108 35,108 1985–86
1986–87 Michael Jordan*000CHI 3,041 36,474 36,474 1986–87
1987–88 2,868 37,639 37,639 1987–88
1988–89 2,633 38,387 38,387 1988–89
1989–90 2,753 Moses Malone*
000ATL 1989–91
000MIL 1991–93
000PHI 1993–94
000SAS 1994–95 24,868 1989–90
1990–91 2,580 25,737 1990–91
1991–92 2,404 27,016 1991–92
1992–93 2,541 27,066 1992–93
1993–94 David Robinson*000SAS 2,383 27,360 1993–94
1994–95 Shaquille O'Neal*000ORL 2,315 27,409 1994–95
1995–96 Michael Jordan*000CHI 2,491 Michael Jordan*000CHI 24,489 1995–96
1996–97 2,431 26,920 1996–97
1997–98 2,357 29,277 1997–98
1998–99 Shaquille O'Neal*000LAL 1,289 Karl Malone*
000UTA 1998–2003
000LAL 2003–04 28,946 1998–99
1999–00 2,344 31,041 1999–00
2000–01 Jerry Stackhouse00DET 2,380 32,919 2000–01
2001–02 Paul Pierce†000BOS 2,144 34,707 2001–02
2002–03 Kobe Bryant†000LAL 2,461 36,374 2002–03
2003–04 Kevin Garnett†000MIN 1,987 36,928 2003–04
2004–05 Allen Iverson*000PHI 2,302 Reggie Miller*000IND 25,279 2004–05
2005–06 Kobe Bryant†000LAL 2,832 Shaquille O'Neal*
000MIA 2005–08
000PHO 2008–09
000CLE 2009–10
000BOS 2010–11 24,764 2005–06
2006–07 2,430 25,454 2006–07
2007–08 2,323 26,286 2007–08
2008–09 Dwyane Wade^000MIA 2,386 27,619 2008–09
2009–10 Kevin Durant^000OKC 2,472 28,255 2009–10
2010–11 2,161 28,596 2010–11
2011–12 1,850 Kobe Bryant†
000LAL 29,484 2011–12
2012–13 2,280 31,617 2012–13
2013–14 2,593 31,700 2013–14
2014–15 James Harden^000HOU 2,217 32,482 2014–15
2015–16 2,376 33,643 2015–16
2016–17 Russell Westbrook^000OKC 2,558 Dirk Nowitzki^000DAL 30,260 2016–17
2017–18 LeBron James^000CLE 2,251 31,187 Abdul-Jabbar*0 35 yrs 38,387 Chamberlain*059 yrs 4,029 2017–18
Season
Year-by-Year Leader
Points
Active Player Points Leader
Total points
Career Points Record
Total points
Single Season Points Record
Points
Season

See also[edit]
List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders
List of National Basketball Association career playoff scoring leaders
National Basketball Association portal
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "NBA Progressive Leaders and Records for Points". Basketball-Reference.com. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b A player is not eligible for induction into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame until he has been fully retired for three calendar years.
Jump up ^ American Basketball Association (ABA) teams other than those admitted into the NBA in 1976 are not included; each year is linked to an article about that particular NBA season.
Jump up ^ Average is rounded to the nearest tenth.
Jump up ^ First adopted in the 1979–80 season.
Jump up ^ Previously known as Lew Alcindor prior to an official name change on May 1, 1971.
Jump up ^ Previously written as Akeem Olajuwon prior to an official spelling change on March 9, 1991.
Jump up ^ "NBA Win Shares". Basketball-reference.com. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
External links[edit]
Basketball-Reference.com enumeration of NBA career leaders in points scored
[hide]
v
t
e
National Basketball Association statistical leaders
Players
Career
Regular season
Points
Franchise
Rebounds
Assists
Steals
Blocks
Turnovers
Three-point field goals
Free throws
Seasons
Games
Minutes
Playoffs
Points
Rebounds
Assists
Steals
Blocks
Turnovers
Three-point field goals
Free throws
Games
Minutes
Annual
Points
Rebounds
Assists
Steals
Blocks
Minutes
Field goal percentage
Three-point field goals
Three-point field goal percentage
Free throw percentage
Season
Points
Rookie
Rebounds
Rookie
Game
Points
Playoffs
Rebounds
Assists
Steals
Blocks
Misc
Tallest players
Shortest players
Oldest and youngest players
Highest-paid players
Teams
Winningest teams
All-time win-loss records
Winning streaks
Losing streaks
Misc
Highest-scoring games
Records
Regular season
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This page was last edited on 19 April 2018, at 23:16.
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