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War for the Planet of the Apes
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War for the Planet of the Apes
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Matt Reeves
Produced by
Peter Chernin
Dylan Clark
Rick Jaffa
Amanda Silver
Written by
Mark Bomback
Matt Reeves
Based on
Characters created
by Rick Jaffa
Amanda Silver
Premise suggested by Planet of the Apes
by Pierre Boulle (uncredited)
Starring
Andy Serkis
Woody Harrelson
Steve Zahn
Music by
Michael Giacchino
Cinematography
Michael Seresin
Edited by
William Hoy
Stan Salfas
Production
company
Chernin Entertainment
TSG Entertainment
Distributed by
20th Century Fox
Release date
July 10, 2017 (2017-07-10) (SVA Theatre)[1]
July 14, 2017 (2017-07-14) (United States)
Running time
140 minutes[2]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$150 million[3]
Box office
$490.7 million[4]
War for the Planet of the Apes is a 2017 American science fiction film directed by Matt Reeves and written by Mark Bomback and Reeves. A sequel to Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011) and Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014), it is the third installment in the Planet of the Apes reboot series. The film stars Andy Serkis, Woody Harrelson and Steve Zahn, and follows a confrontation between the apes, led by Caesar, and the humans for control of Earth. Like its predecessor, its premise shares several similarities to the fifth film in the original series, Battle for the Planet of the Apes, but it is not a direct remake.
Principal photography began on October 14, 2015, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. War for the Planet of the Apes premiered in New York City on July 10, 2017, and was theatrically released in the United States on July 14, 2017, by 20th Century Fox.[5] The film has grossed over $490 million and received critical praise, with many reviewers highlighting the performances (particularly Serkis), visual effects, story, direction, and musical score. The film received a nomination for Best Special Visual Effects at the 71st British Academy Film Awards[6], and was also nominated for Best Visual Effects at the 90th Academy Awards.[7]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
2.1 Apes
2.2 Humans
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Casting
3.3 Filming
3.4 Visual effects
4 Influences
5 Soundtrack
5.1 Track listing
6 Release
6.1 Marketing
6.2 Home media
7 Reception
7.1 Box office
7.2 Critical response
7.3 Accolades
8 Possible fourth film
9 References
10 External links
Plot[edit]
Two years after the U.S. military was called to fight off an increasingly intelligent and dangerous tribe of apes, starting a devastating war between the species, the apes' clan, led by the chimpanzee Caesar, are attacked in the woods by a rogue paramilitary faction known as Alpha-Omega, led by a mysterious Colonel. Alpha-Omega has in its service apes (called "donkeys") that had previously followed Koba, a human-hating bonobo who led a failed coup against Caesar and started the war after leading a vengeful attack against human survivors in San Francisco.
During Alpha-Omega's attack, the human soldiers are met by heavy ape resistance. Four soldiers and a "donkey" gorilla named Red are captured by the apes. Caesar arrives and releases the human soldiers, telling them to deliver a message to the Colonel - that he killed Koba for starting the war and that he desires peace between the humans and apes. Caesar then orders that Red is to be imprisoned but Red escapes, injuring albino gorilla Winter.
Soon after, Caesar's son, Blue Eyes, and his lieutenant Rocket return from a journey to find a safe haven for the apes. They report that they have found a place across the desert that is perfect for the clan. Winter, still frightened from the soldiers' attack, wants to leave immediately, but Caesar does not think they are prepared to leave so soon. That night, a group of Alpha-Omega soldiers, led by the Colonel, infiltrates the apes' home behind a waterfall. The apes discover their presence and kill them all except the Colonel, whom Caesar encounters preparing to escape. Discovering that the Colonel has killed his wife Cornelia along with Blue Eyes, an enraged Caesar lunges at the Colonel but fails to prevent him from escaping out of the waterfall. Upon discovering that Winter has disappeared, Luca, a gorilla and Caesar's secondary lieutenant, believes that he has betrayed them out of cowardice.
Leaving his younger son Cornelius in the care of Blue Eyes' wife Lake, Caesar departs to exact revenge on the Colonel for the deaths of his wife and oldest son. He is accompanied by Maurice, an orangutan and Caesar's adviser, Luca, and Rocket. The other apes head for the desert. During their journey, the apes enter an abandoned village, encounter a soldier, and kill him in self-defense. Caesar, Maurice, Luca, and Rocket search the dead soldier's home. Maurice discovers a girl who the soldier was looking after. She is apparently unable to speak. Maurice befriends and adopts the girl, giving her a small rag doll.
Caesar's party eventually sneak inside an Alpha-Omega camp on a beach and encounter Winter, who has volunteered to become a "donkey" for the soldiers in return for sparing his life. He tells Caesar's group that the Colonel has departed for a location called the "border", where soldiers further north will meet them. Winter tries to call out to the Alpha-Omega soldiers to save him, and Caesar and the others restrain him from making noise. In the struggle, Caesar accidentally smothers and kills Winter. Caesar begins to worry that he is becoming like Koba by killing his fellow apes and seeking revenge.
While following the soldiers to the border, the group discover some soldiers who have been shot and left for dead. Their examination of a soldier who survived reveals that he, like the girl, cannot speak. At the soldier's urging, Caesar kills him. Later, they encounter Bad Ape, a reclusive chimpanzee. Bad Ape reveals that the human soldiers are encamped at the border and hesitantly agrees to lead them there.
When the group arrives at the border, they see hundreds of apes held captive inside a former quarantine facility. While getting a closer look, Luca is killed protecting Caesar from an Alpha-Omega patrol, angering Caesar and causing him to proceed alone. Caesar discovers that the captured apes belong to his clan, and are being forced to build a wall with no food or water. After Caesar is captured by Red, the Colonel reveals to Caesar that the Simian Flu virus has mutated and now causes humans who survived the original strain to become mute, devolving to a primitive state. Caesar deduces that the Colonel is barricading the facility to fend off remnants of the U.S military from the north who are coming to execute him because he favors massacring any infected humans, including his own son, to stop the spread of the virus. Caesar is commended by the Colonel for his intelligence, and the Colonel explains that he is fighting a "holy war" for humanity's survival.
While Caesar is tortured with starvation, the mute girl, whom Maurice names Nova, sneaks into the facility to give Caesar food, water, and her rag doll (originally given to her by Maurice). To prevent Nova from being discovered, Rocket allows himself to be captured as a diversion. The next day, the Colonel comes to see if Caesar is still alive, and confiscates Nova's doll upon discovering it. Together, Caesar and Rocket are able to work out a means of escape via an underground tunnel that leads out of the facility. Maurice and Bad Ape use the tunnel to rescue the apes, and Caesar orders the others to escape while he goes to confront the Colonel as the facility comes under attack by the northern army. Caesar reaches the Colonel and prepares to kill him, but discovers that Nova's doll has infected him with the mutated virus, rendering him unable to speak. Caesar spares the Colonel and watches as he uses his pistol to commit suicide.
During the battle between Alpha-Omega and the northern military, the escaping apes come under fire from Alpha-Omega. Red watches the apes struggle to escape and being picked off by the humans, and seems to be disturbed by watching his own kind suffer such a fate. Caesar attempts to attack the Alpha-Omega forces from behind, but is shot with a crossbow by Preacher, one of the Alpha-Omega soldiers he had previously set free. In an act of redemption, Red saves Caesar's life by killing Preacher with a grenade launcher, and gets shot by an Alpha-Omega superior as a result. In the chaos, Caesar blows up a large fuel tank, causing a cascade of explosions which destroys the Alpha-Omega facility, allowing the northern army to win the battle. However, the army is subsequently devastated by an avalanche, which Caesar and the other apes, carrying Nova, survive by climbing nearby trees.
The remaining apes depart the facility and cross the desert to find an oasis. While the other apes joyously celebrate their new home, Maurice discovers Caesar's wound. Maurice then speaks, telling the dying Caesar that Cornelius will know who his father was, what he stood for and what he did to protect the apes. Caesar then slowly and silently succumbs to his wounds, dying peacefully while Maurice mourns his passing as the other apes look on.
Cast[edit]
Apes[edit]
Andy Serkis as Caesar, an intelligent common chimpanzee who is leader to a tribe of genetically enhanced apes.[8]
Steve Zahn as "Bad Ape", a common chimpanzee who lived in a zoo before the Simian Flu outbreak, and was a hermit before joining Caesar's group.[9][10]
Karin Konoval as Maurice, a Bornean orangutan who is Caesar's adviser.[8]
Terry Notary as Rocket, a common chimpanzee who is Caesar's brother-figure.[11]
Ty Olsson as Red, a Western lowland gorilla who was once a follower of Koba, now serving the Colonel to defeat Caesar. Olsson previously played Chief Hamill in Rise.[12]
Michael Adamthwaite as Luca, a Western lowland gorilla in Caesar's tribe.[13]
Toby Kebbell as Koba, a bonobo who had previously waged war against the humans in Dawn of the Planet of the Apes, now appears in Caesar's hallucinations.
Judy Greer as Cornelia, Caesar's wife.[8]
Sara Canning as Lake, a common chimpanzee in Caesar's tribe, who is also Blue Eyes' mate and later Cornelius's caretaker.[14]
Max Lloyd-Jones as Blue Eyes, Caesar and Cornelia's oldest son.[15]
Devyn Dalton as Cornelius, Caesar and Cornelia's youngest son, and Blue Eyes' younger brother. Dalton previously played Cornelia in Rise.
Aleks Paunovic as Winter, an albino Western lowland gorilla in Caesar's tribe who sided with the Colonel out of fear.[16]
Humans[edit]
Woody Harrelson as The Colonel, the leader of the paramilitary organization Alpha-Omega, who is obsessed with wiping out Caesar and his tribe to preserve humans as the dominant species.[17][18]
Amiah Miller as Nova, a mute orphan whom Maurice befriends and cares for.[19][20]
Gabriel Chavarria as Preacher, a human soldier working under the Colonel in Alpha-Omega.[21]
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
Matt Reeves, Andy Serkis and Dylan Clark at New York Comic-Con 2016 for the War for the Planet of the Apes panel
After seeing his cut of Dawn, 20th Century Fox and Chernin Entertainment signed Matt Reeves to return as director for a third installment of the reboot series. In January 2014, the studio announced the third film, with Reeves returning to direct and co-write along with Bomback, and Peter Chernin, Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver serving as producers.[22][23] During an interview in mid-November 2014 with MTV, Andy Serkis said they did not know the next film's setting. "...It could be five years after the event. It could be the night after the events of where we left 'Dawn.'"[24] In May 2015, the title was first given as War of the Planet of the Apes.[25] By October 2015, it had been retitled as War for the Planet of the Apes.[9]
When director Reeves and screenwriter Bomback came on board to helm Dawn, the film already had a release date, which led to an accelerated production schedule. However, with the third installment, Fox wanted to give the duo plenty of time to write and make the film. Taking advantage of this, the two bonded with each other more than before.[26]
In interviews for Dawn, Reeves talked about the inevitable war Caesar would have with the humans: "As this story continues, we know that war is not avoided by the end of Dawn. That is going to take us into the world of what he is grappling with. Where he is going to be thrust into circumstances that he never, ever wanted to deal with, and was hoping he could avoid. And now he is right in the middle of it. The things that happen in that story test him in huge ways, in the ways in which his relationship with Koba haunts him deeply. It’s going to be an epic story. I think you’ve probably read that I sort of described it where in the first film was very much about his rise from humble beginnings to being a revolutionary. The second movie was about having to rise to the challenge of being a great leader in the most difficult of times. This is going to be the story that is going to cement his status as a seminal figure in ape history, and sort of leads to an almost biblical status. He is going to become like a mythic ape figure, like Moses."[27]
Toby Kebbell, who portrayed Koba in Dawn, had expressed interest in reprising his role or performing as other characters.[28] Plans to include Koba in a larger role in the film were abandoned early, with Bomback saying, "If you stayed until the very end of Dawn of the Planet of the Apes, you hear Koba’s breathing. We did that to give us a tiny crack of a possibility that we could revive Koba if we wanted to. Very early on in spitballing, we realized there was nothing more to do with Koba – certainly nothing that would exceed what he had done in the last story. But we knew we wanted to keep him alive as an idea. In playing out the reality of what happened at the end of the last film, Caesar would be traumatized by having to kill his brother. That would have resonance, and we wanted to make sure that didn’t get lost. So the answer was that we could go inside Caesar’s mind at this point and revisit Koba that way."[29]
Casting[edit]
In August 2015, Deadline reported that Gabriel Chavarria had been cast as one of the humans in the film.[30] In September 2015, The Hollywood Reporter announced that Woody Harrelson had been cast as the film's antagonist, and that Chavarria's role was supporting.[17] In October 2015, TheWrap reported that Steve Zahn was cast as a new ape in the film.[9] It was also announced that actress Amiah Miller was cast as one of the film's humans, with Judy Greer and Karin Konoval reprising their roles as Cornelia and Maurice,[8][19] while Aleks Paunovic and Sara Canning were cast as new apes.[16][14]
Filming[edit]
Principal photography on the film began on October 14, 2015 in the Lower Mainland in Vancouver, under the working title Hidden Fortress.[31][32] Filming was expected to take place there until early March 2016.[33] Parts of the film were expected to shoot for up to five days in the Kananaskis in late January and early February.[34] In March, Serkis confirmed that he had finished shooting his portions.[35]
Visual effects[edit]
As with Rise and Dawn, the visual effects for War were created by Weta Digital; the apes were created with a mixture of motion-capture and CGI key-frame animation, as they were performed in motion-capture technology and animated in CGI.
Influences[edit]
At New York Comic-Con 2016, Reeves explained that he and Bomback were influenced by many films before writing. He said, "One of the first things that Mark and I did because we had just finished Dawn was that we decided to watch a million movies. We decided to do what people fantasize what Hollywood screenwriters get to do but no one actually does. We got Fox to give us a theater and we watched movie after movie. We watched every Planet of the Apes movie, war movies, westerns, Empire Strikes Back... We just thought, 'We have to pretend we have all the time in the world,' even though we had limited time. We got really inspired."[36]
Additionally, during production, Reeves and Bomback sought broader inspirations from films like Bridge on the River Kwai and The Great Escape. Feeling that there was a need to imbue Biblical themes and elements, they also watched Biblical epics like Ben-Hur and The Ten Commandments. The influences and inspirations were made evident in the relationship between Caesar and Woody Harrelson's Colonel, a military leader with pretensions toward godhood. Reeves has compared their relationship to the dynamic between Alec Guinness's British Commander and Sessue Hayakawa's prison camp Colonel in Bridge on the River Kwai. Another comparison is in Caesar's journey to find the Colonel, flanked by a posse of close friends – a situation Reeves explicitly tied to Clint Eastwood's war-weary soldier in The Outlaw Josey Wales.[26] Influences from the film Apocalypse Now, notably Harrelson's character and his Alpha-Omega faction being similar to Colonel Kurtz's renegade army, were also noted by several journalists.[37][38][39] Harrelson has also acknowledged the similarities and inspiration.[40]
Soundtrack[edit]
War for the Planet of the Apes
Soundtrack album by Michael Giacchino
Released
July 7, 2017 (Digital)
July 21, 2017 (Physical)
Recorded
2017
Genre
Film score
Label
Sony Masterworks
Michael Giacchino film scores chronology
Spider-Man: Homecoming
(2017)Spider-Man: Homecoming2017 War for the Planet of the Apes
(2017) Coco
(2017)Coco2017
On October 17, 2015, it was confirmed that Michael Giacchino, the composer and writer of the soundtrack for Dawn, would return to compose War's score.[41] The soundtrack was digitally released to iTunes and Amazon on July 7, 2017,[42] and in its physical form by Sony Masterworks on July 21, 2017.[43]
Track listing[edit]
All music composed by Michael Giacchino.
No.
Title
Length
1. "Apes’ Past is Prologue" 10:53
2. "Assault of the Earth" 5:29
3. "Exodus Wounds" 4:23
4. "The Posse Polonaise" 1:39
5. "The Bad Ape Bagatelle" 1:13
6. "Don’t Luca Now" 3:53
7. "Koba Dependent" 2:54
8. "The Ecstasy of the Bold" 1:57
9. "Apes Together Strong" 7:12
10. "A Tide in the Affairs of Apes" 5:31
11. "Planet of the Escapes" 2:42
12. "The Hating Game" 2:04
13. "A Man Named Suicide" 5:32
14. "More Red Than Alive" 2:41
15. "Migration" 2:03
16. "Paradise Found" 5:35
17. "End Credits" 9:30
Total length: 75:11
Release[edit]
The film was initially set for a July 29, 2016, release. However, in January 2015, Fox postponed the film's release date to about a year later on July 14, 2017.[44][5]
Marketing[edit]
Special behind-the-scenes footage for the film was aired on TV on November 22, 2015, as part of a contest announcement presented by director Matt Reeves and Andy Serkis.[45] The footage aired during The Walking Dead on AMC.[46][47] The announcement allowed winners to wear a performance-capture suit and appear in a scene as an ape.[48] The announcement was released on 20th Century Fox's official YouTube page later the same day.[49]
At a New York Comic Con special event on October 6, Reeves, Serkis and producer Dylan Clark debuted an exclusive look at the film.[50]
Serkis has also mentioned that the film would be accompanied by a video game, for which he performed motion capture.[51] Titled Planet of the Apes: Last Frontier, the game was released for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One and PC in fall 2017.[52]
Home media[edit]
War for the Planet of the Apes was released on Digital HD on October 10, 2017, and on Blu-ray and DVD on October 24, 2017 by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment.[53]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
War for the Planet of the Apes grossed $146.9 million in the United States and Canada and $343.8 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $490.7 million, against a production budget of $150 million.[4]
In North America, the film was projected to gross $50–60 million in its opening weekend,[54] however, given its acclaimed status and strong word-of-mouth, rival studios believed the film had the potential to debut as high as $70–80 million.[3][55][56] War was closely monitored by analysts while the summer was witnessing a decline in ticket sales, a situation that they blamed on franchise fatigue for an overabundance of sequels and reboots (such as Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales, Transformers: The Last Knight and The Mummy). However, box office analysts noted that well-reviewed films have tended to perform in-line with estimates (Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, Wonder Woman and Spider-Man: Homecoming).[57][58][59] The film grossed $5 million from Thursday night previews at 3,021 theaters, up 22% from the $4.1 million earned by its predecessor, and $22.1 million on its first day. It went on to debut to $56.3 million, topping the box office, albeit with a 22% drop from Dawn's $72.6 million debut.[60][61] In its second weekend, the film grossed $20.9 million (a drop of 62.9%, more than the 50.4% fall Dawn saw), finishing 4th at the box office.[62] In its third weekend, the film made $10.5 million (dropping another 49.9%), finishing 6th at the box office. It was lower than the third weeks of both Rise ($16.1 million) and Dawn ($16.8 million).[63]
Outside North America, War for the Planet of the Apes received a scattered release in a span of three months (July–September). The film began its release in about a third of the marketplace on July 14, albeit only in two major markets, and was projected to have an opening of $50–60 million, with the potential to go higher if smaller Asian markets over-perform, as they have for recent tent poles.[3] The film ended up having an international debut of $44.2 million, including $9.27 million in the United Kingdom.[64]
Critical response[edit]
War for the Planet of the Apes received praise for the cast's performances (particularly Serkis), Reeves's direction, visual effects, musical score, cinematography and its morally complex storyline.[65] On review aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 93% based on 292 reviews, with a rating average of 8.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "War for the Planet of the Apes combines breathtaking special effects and a powerful, poignant narrative to conclude this rebooted trilogy on a powerful – and truly blockbuster – note."[66] On review aggregator Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating to reviews, the film has a score of 82 out of 100, based on 50 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[67] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale, the same score earned by its two immediate predecessors.[60]
Scott Collura of IGN awarded the film a score of 9.5 out of 10, saying: "War for the Planet of the Apes is an excellent closing act to this rebooted trilogy, but also one that does enough world-building that the series can potentially continue from here – and it’s a rare case where, after three movies, we’re left wanting more."[68] A.O. Scott of The New York Times said of the film, "“War for the Planet of the Apes,” directed by Matt Reeves, is the grimmest episode so far, and also the strongest, a superb example — rare in this era of sloppily constructed, commercially hedged cinematic universes — of clear thinking wedded to inventive technique in popular filmmaking," and lauded Andy Serkis's performance in the film, stating that "Andy Serkis’s performance as Caesar is one of the marvels of modern screen acting."[69]
Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film 3.5 out of 4 stars, and said that Serkis performed "with a resonant power and depth of feeling that's nearly Shakespearean. Oscar, get busy: Serkis deserves the gold," and went on to say that "War for the Planet of the Apes – No. 9 in the simian cinema canon – is the best of the Apes films since the 1968 original."[70] Eric Kohn of Indiewire gave the film a B+ rating, and praised Matt Reeves's directing, saying "It’s a given that an expensive 21st century sci-fi movie with talking animals, exploding tanks, and jarring machine guns would look and sound great, but Reeves applies these effects with such a measured strategy that they’re always working in service of a greater narrative agenda." Kohn went on to applaud the visuals and musical score, stating that "The breathlessly paced montage of flying bullets and angry monkeys raining down on terrified men, aided by Michael Giacchino’s vibrant score, is a strong indicator of the next-level craftsmanship that distinguishes these movies from so many cacophonous Hollywood spectacles; not only is the action easy to follow, but you care for the motion-captured characters at the center of it, while the humans cower in fear."[71]
Accolades[edit]
List of awards and nominations
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref.
Golden Trailer Awards June 6, 2017 Best Motion/Title Graphics War for the Planet of the Apes: 20th Century Fox, Wild Card Nominated [72][73]
Best Summer 2017 Blockbuster TV Spot
Hollywood Film Awards November 5, 2017 Hollywood Visual Effects Award Dan Barrett, Dan Lemmon, Joe Letteri, and Erik Winquist Won [74][75]
Hollywood Post Alliance November 16, 2017 Outstanding Visual Effects - Feature Film Dan Barrett, Anders Langlands, Dan Lemmon, Joe Letteri, Luke Millar, Erik Winquist, and Weta Digital Won [76][77]
Teen Choice Awards August 13, 2017 Choice Movie: Summer 20th Century Fox Nominated
Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association December 8, 2017 Best Motion Capture Performance Andy Serkis Won [78]
Best Motion Capture Performance Steve Zahn Nominated
San Francisco Film Critics Circle December 10, 2017 Best Actor Andy Serkis Won [79][80]
Best Original Score Michael Giacchino Nominated
San Diego Film Critics Society December 11, 2017 Best Visual Effects War for the Planet of the Apes Won [81]
Chicago Film Critics Association December 12, 2017 Best Original Score Michael Giacchino Nominated [82]
Seattle Film Critics Society December 18, 2017 Best Original Score Michael Giacchino Nominated [83][84]
Best Visual Effects Joe Letteri, Dan Lemmon, Dan Barrett, and Joel Whist Won
Utah Film Critics Association Best Actor Andy Serkis Won [85]
Los Angeles Online Film Critics Society December 19, 2017 Best Animated / Visual Effect Performance Andy Serkis Won [86][87][88]
Best Score Michael Giacchino Nominated
Best Action / War War for the Planet of the Apes Nominated
Best Blockbuster Nominated
Best Visual Effects Won
Phoenix Film Critics Society Best Visual Effects War for the Planet of the Apes Won [89]
North Carolina Film Critics Association December 29, 2017 Best Special Effects War for the Planet of the Apes Won [90]
Columbus Film Critics Association January 4, 2018 Actor of the Year (for an exemplary body of work) Woody Harrelson Runner-up [91]
Golden Tomato Awards January 3, 2018 Best Sci-Fi/Fantasy Movie 2017 War for the Planet of the Apes 2nd Place [92]
Houston Film Critics Society January 6, 2018 Best Actor Andy Serkis Nominated [93][94]
Best Original Score Michael Giacchino
Best Visual Effects War for the Planet of the Apes
Critics' Choice Movie Awards January 11, 2018 Best Action Movie War for the Planet of the Apes Nominated [95]
Best Visual Effects Won
Georgia Film Critics Association January 12, 2018 Best Actor Andy Serkis Nominated [96]
Best Original Score Michael Giacchino Nominated
Screen Actors Guild Awards January 21, 2018 Outstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble in a Motion Picture War for the Planet of the Apes Pending [97][98]
Art Directors Guild January 27, 2018 Excellence in Production Design for a Fantasy Film James Chinlund Pending [99]
Annie Awards February 3, 2018 Outstanding Achievement for Character Animation in a Live Action Production Daniel Barrett, Sidney Kombo-Kintombo, Emile Ghorayeb, Luisma Lavin Peredo, and Alessandro Bonora Pending [100]
Satellite Awards February 10, 2018 Best Film Editing William Hoy Pending [101]
Best Original Score Michael Giacchino
Best Sound War for the Planet of the Apes
Best Visual Effects
Visual Effects Society Awards February 13, 2018 Outstanding Visual Effects in a Photoreal Feature Joe Letteri, Ryan Stafford, Daniel Barrett, Dan Lemmon, Joel Whist Pending [102]
Outstanding Animated Character in a Photoreal Feature Eteuati Tema, Aidan Martin, Florian Fernandez, Mathias Larserud for "Bad Ape"
Dennis Yoo, Ludovic Chailloleau, Douglas McHale, Tim Forbes for "Caesar"
Outstanding Created Environment in a Photoreal Feature Chris McLaughlin, Ryan Salcombe, Seungjin Woo, Francesco Dell'Anna for "Hidden Fortress"
Phillip Leonhardt, Paul Harris, Jeremy Fort, Thomas Lo for "Prison Camp"
Outstanding Effects Simulations in a Photoreal Feature David Caeiro Cebrian, Johnathan Nixon, Chet Leavai, Gary Boyle
Outstanding Compositing in a Photoreal Feature Christoph Salzmann, Robin Hollander, Ben Morgan, Ben Warner
British Academy Film Awards February 18, 2018 Best Special Visual Effects War for the Planet of the Apes - Nominees TBC Pending [6]
Academy Award March 4, 2018 Best Visual Effects War for the Planet of the Apes - Joe Letteri, Daniel Barrett, Dan Lemmon and Joel Whist Pending [103]
Possible fourth film[edit]
In October 2016, it was reported that a fourth Planet of the Apes film was being discussed.[104][105]
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ "WAR OF THE PLANET OF THE APES (12A)". 20th Century Fox. British Board of Film Classification. Retrieved June 26, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Anthony D'Alessandro (July 4, 2017). "Can 'War For The Planet Of The Apes' Conquer The Summertime Franchise Blues? – Advance B.O. Forecast". Deadline.com.
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^ Jump up to: a b "Official website". 20th Century Fox. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Film - BAFTA Awards: 'Shape of Water,' 'Three Billboards,' 'Darkest Hour' Lead Pack of Nominations".
Jump up ^ Merry, Stephanie (January 23, 2018). "Analysis - Oscar nominations 2018: 'The Shape of Water' leads with 13; 'Get Out' nominated for best picture". Retrieved January 24, 2018 – via www.WashingtonPost.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Kit, Borys (October 20, 2015). "Judy Greer Returning to 'Planet of the Apes' (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved October 21, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c Sneider, Jeff (October 12, 2015). "Steve Zahn to Play New Ape in Next 'Planet of the Apes' Movie". TheWrap. Retrieved October 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ Han, Angie (December 26, 2016). "War for the Planet of the Apes: Steve Zahn Interview". Slashfilm.com. Retrieved December 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ Trumbore, Dave (November 23, 2015). "First Look at 'War for the Planet of the Apes' Reveals Motion-Capture Mayhem". Collider. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ Morrow, Brendan (July 13, 2017). "'War for the Planet of the Apes': Meet the Actors Behind the Ape Characters". Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "War for the Planet of the Apes: Luca Speaks!". July 23, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Ross A. Lincoln (October 26, 2015). "Sara Canning To Monkey Around In 'War For The Planet Of The Apes'". Deadline. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ Ghosh, Subhro (October 28, 2015). "'War for the Planet of the Apes' Commences Filming in Vancouver; Sara Canning, Judy Greer and Aleks Paunovic Join the Cast". Movie News Guide. Retrieved May 30, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Ross A. Lincoln (October 22, 2015). "Aleks Paunovic To Make 'War for the Planet of the Apes'; Newcomer Zachary Haven Joins 'Bastards'". Deadline. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Kit, Borys (September 15, 2015). "Woody Harrelson to Play Villain in New 'Planet of the Apes' Movie (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 21, 2015.
Jump up ^ Brandon Davis (June 19, 2017). "Woody Harrelson Was Once In Talks For A Marvel Or DC Movie". ComicBook. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Pedersen, Erik (October 13, 2015). "Eugene Cordero Heads To 'Kong: Skull Island'; Amiah Miller Joins 'War For The Planet Of The Apes'". deadline.com. Retrieved October 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ Sullivan, Kevin P. (December 22, 2016). "War for the Planet of the Apes brings back original series character". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on December 22, 2016. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ Fleming Jr, Mike; Hipes, Patrick (August 24, 2015). "'War Of The Planet Of The Apes' Recruits Gabriel Chavarria For Lead Role". deadline.com. Retrieved August 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ Fleming, Mike (January 7, 2014). "Matt Reeves To Direct 'Planet Of The Apes 3'". Deadline. Retrieved October 18, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Twitter / ERCboxoffice: The damn dirty apes will return yet again, as UNTITLED PLANET OF THE APES (not the official title) stakes out 7/29/16". Twitter.com. January 14, 2014. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ P. Sullivan, Kevin (November 20, 2014). "Current 'Planet Of The Apes' Series Might Not Be Just A Trilogy". MTV News. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ Matt Goldberg. "New Planet of the Apes Movie Title Revealed". Collider. Retrieved May 14, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Darren Franich (April 28, 2017). "War for the Planet of the Apes director reveals films that influenced the sequel". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved May 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Germain Lussier (December 4, 2014). "Matt Reeves Talks About New 'Apes' Films Eventually Reaching the 1968 'Planet of the Apes' Story". Slashfilm. Retrieved October 18, 2015.
Jump up ^ Couch, Aaron (November 10, 2014). "Andy Serkis on Next 'Planet of the Apes': "There's Potential War"". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ Christopher McKittrick (July 14, 2017). "War for the Planet of the Apes: a "Biblical Epic Western War Movie"". Creative Screenwriting. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Fleming, Jr, Mike; Hipes, Patrick (August 24, 2015). "'War Of The Planet Of The Apes' Recruits Gabriel Chavarria For Lead Role". Deadline. Retrieved August 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ Brown, Scott (September 15, 2015). "Bruce Lee biopic begins filming in Vancouver next month". calgaryherald.com. Retrieved September 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "War for the Planet of the Apes Filming Starts". SuperHeroHype. Retrieved October 18, 2015.
Jump up ^ Susan Gittins (October 12, 2015). "Big Budget: War for the Planet of the Apes With Motion-Captured Andy Serkis & Steve Zahn And Woody Harrelson Starts Filming Mid-Week in Metro Vancouver". yvrshoots.com. Retrieved October 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ Volmers, Eric (12 November 2015). "Parts of Planet of the Apes sequel to be shot in Alberta in January". Calgary Herald. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "Andy Serkis unsure about Tin Tin sequel". TV 3. March 29, 2016. Retrieved July 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ McKittrick, Christopher (October 12, 2016). "Interview: 'War for the Planet of the Apes' Matt Reeves & Dylan Clark". ThoughtCo.com. Retrieved May 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Chang, Justin (July 13, 2017). "'War For The Planet Of The Apes' Offers A Masterful Vision Of Humanity's Many Forms". NPR. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Marshall, Rick (July 14, 2017). "'War for the Planet of the Apes' review: The trilogy's epic conclusion holds nothing back". NPR. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Edelstein, David (July 11, 2017). "War for the Planet of the Apes Isn't the Apocalypse Now Remake It Wants to Be". Vulture. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ THR Staff (July 14, 2017). "Woody Harrelson Says He's Not Doing Brando in 'War for the Planet of the Apes'". Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Jayson, Jay (October 17, 2015). "First Official War For The Planet Of The Apes Set Photo Released". Comicbook.com. Retrieved October 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Sony Masterworks to Release 'War for the Planet of the Apes' Soundtrack". Filmmusicreporter.com. May 26, 2017. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Pate, Rohan (24 June 2017). "WAR FOR THE PLANET OF THE APES Soundtrack Album Details Released". ComicBookMovie.com. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Pedersen, Erik (January 5, 2015). "Fox Pushes 'Apes' Sequel By A Year; 'X-Men' Spinoff, 'Assassin's Creed' Set For 2016". Deadline.com. Retrieved September 21, 2015.
Jump up ^ Jayson, Jay (November 22, 2015). "First War For The Planet Of The Apes Footage; Contest To Be An Ape In The Film Announced". Comicbook.com. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ Chitwood, Adam (November 20, 2015). "'War for the Planet of the Apes' Logo Revealed; Trailer Coming Sunday?". Collider. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
Jump up ^ Jayson, Jay. "War For The Planet Of The Apes Announcement Coming During The Walking Dead". Comicbook.com. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "#WarForTheApesContest". 20th Century Fox. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ 20th Century Fox (November 22, 2015). "War for the Planet of the Apes | Contest TV Commercial [HD] | 20th Century FOX". YouTube. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ "War for the Planet of the Apes Footage Coming to NYCC". Comingsoon.net. 30 September 2016. Retrieved 3 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Mat Paget. "War for the Planet of the Apes Video Game Coming to Consoles". GameSpot. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Planet of the Apes Video Game Announced for This Fall". ComingSoon.net. 17 August 2017. Retrieved 17 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "War for the Planet of the Apes DVD Release Date October 24, 2017". DVDs Release Dates. Retrieved 16 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Brad Brevet (July 13, 2017). "Will 'War for the Planet of the Apes' Top 'Spider-Man' for #1 at the Weekend Box Office?". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Seth Kelly. "'War for the Planet of the Apes' Eyes $65 Million Domestic Opening in Early Box Office Tracking". Variety. Retrieved July 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ Jeremy Fuster (July 11, 2017). "'War for the Planet of the Apes' to Do Battle With 'Spider-Man: Homecoming' at Box Office". Retrieved July 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ryan Faughnder (July 12, 2017). "Hollywood's summer box-office lesson: 'The disconnect between critics and audiences is largely gone'". Retrieved July 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ Brent Lang, Seth Kelley (July 11, 2017). "How Too Many Aging Franchises Wrecked the Summer Box Office". Variety. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ Pamela McClintock (June 13, 2017). "Box-Office Preview: 'War for the Planet of the Apes' to Battle 'Spider-Man'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved June 13, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "'War For The Planet Of The Apes' Loots $56.5M In Box Office Spoils". Deadline.com. Retrieved July 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Box office top 20: The Apes unseat Spider-Man". Associated Press. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Dunkirk' Seizes $50.5M; 'Girls Trip' Is Malcolm D. Lee's Highest Opening; The Reasons Why 'Valerian' Crashed". Deadline.com. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Dunkirk' Marches Ahead Of 'Emoji Movie' For Top Spot With $28M+". Deadline.com. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ "'War For The Planet Of The Apes' Marshals $44.2M In Bow; 'Spider-Man' Rises To $260M Overseas". Deadline.com. Retrieved July 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ Graeme McMillan (June 26, 2017). "'War for the Planet of the Apes': What the Critics Are Saying". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved June 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "War for the Planet of the Apes (2017)". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved November 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "War for the Planet of the Apes reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ 2017, 26 Jun. "War for the Planet of the Apes Review". IGN. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Scott, A. O. (July 12, 2017). "Review: New 'Planet of the Apes' Makes You Root Against Your Species". Retrieved December 14, 2017 – via NYTimes.com.
Jump up ^ "'War for the Planet of the Apes': Series Ends With Best 'Apes' Movie Yet". Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kohn, Eric (June 26, 2017). "'War for the Planet of the Apes' Review: Matt Reeves Concludes the Best Sci-Fi Trilogy Since the First 'Star Wars'". Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Golden Trailer Awards (2017)". IMDb. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.goldentrailer.com/gta-18-nominees/
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Jump up ^ lidplussdesign. "HPA Online, Hollywood Professional Association". www.hollywoodprofessionalassociation.com. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Outstanding Visual Effects – Feature Film - HPA Awards: 'Dunkirk' Wins Best Editing in a Feature". Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "2017 WAFCA Award Winners - The Washington DC Area Film Critics Association (WAFCA)". www.wafca.com. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "2017 San Francisco Film Critics Nominate Andy Serkis for Best Actor, go deep in for Shape of Water". December 8, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The San Francisco Film Critics Announce Nominations - Awards Daily". December 8, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "2017 San Diego Film Critics Society Award Winners". December 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Awards". Chicago Film Critics Association. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Davis, Clayton (December 11, 2017). "Seattle Film Critics Society Nominations - 'Blade Runner 2049' Leads the Fray".
Jump up ^ ""Get Out" Named Best Picture of 2017 By Seattle Film Critics Society - Seattle Film Critics Society". December 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Surreal 'A Ghost Story' is best movie of 2017, says Utah Film Critics Association".
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Jump up ^ "2017 Los Angeles Online Film Critics Society Nominations". December 4, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Hipes, Patrick (December 19, 2017). "Los Angeles Online Film Critics Name 'The Shape Of Water' Best Picture".
Jump up ^ "PFCS 2017 Award Winners". Phoenix Film Critics Society.
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Jump up ^ "'The Shape of Water' inundates Houston critics' film awards nominations". Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "And the HFCS winner is: Lady Bird". www.movingpictureblog.com.
Jump up ^ "Critics' Choice Awards 2018: Complete List of Movie and TV Nominations". Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Georgia Film Critics Association Announces 2017 Award Winners". GeorgiaEntertainmentNews.com. Retrieved January 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ CNN, Sandra Gonzalez,. "SAG Award nominations 2018: The list". Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The 24th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards - Screen Actors Guild Awards". www.sagawards.org. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Contemporary Film - Art Directors Guild Awards: 'Dunkirk,' 'Shape of Water,' 'Blade Runner 2049' Among Nominees".
Jump up ^ Hipes, Patrick (December 4, 2017). "Annie Awards: Disney/Pixar's 'Coco' Tops Nominations". Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Dunkirk,' 'The Shape of Water' Lead Satellite Award Nominations". The Wrap. November 30, 2017. thewrap.com. Retrieved December 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Giardina, Carolyn (January 16, 2018). "Visual Effects Society Awards: 'Apes,' 'Blade Runner 2049' Lead Feature Nominees". Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ Merry, Stephanie (January 23, 2018). "Analysis - Oscar nominations 2018: 'The Shape of Water' leads with 13; 'Get Out' nominated for best picture". Retrieved January 24, 2018 – via www.WashingtonPost.com.
Jump up ^ Han, Angie (October 11, 2016). "'War for the Planet of the Apes' Director Matt Reeves "Absolutely" Has Ideas About Where the Story Goes Next". SlashFilm.com. Retrieved August 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ Owen, Luke (October 12, 2016). "Planet of the Apes 4 already being developed". Flickering Myth. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
External links[edit]
Official website
War for the Planet of the Apes on IMDb
War for the Planet of the Apes at Rotten Tomatoes
[show]
v
t
e
Planet of the Apes
Films
Original series
Planet of the Apes (1968)
Beneath the Planet of the Apes (1970)
Escape from the Planet of the Apes (1971)
Conquest of the Planet of the Apes (1972)
Battle for the Planet of the Apes (1973)
Remake
Planet of the Apes (2001)
Reboot series
Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011)
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014)
War for the Planet of the Apes (2017)
Television
Planet of the Apes (1974)
Return to the Planet of the Apes (1975)
Behind the Planet of the Apes (1998)
Video games
Planet of the Apes (2001)
Revenge of the Apes (2003)
Planet of the Apes: Last Frontier (2017)
Other
La Planète des singes
Characters
Comics
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[show]
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The Pallbearer (1996)
Cloverfield (2008)
Let Me In (2010)
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014)
War for the Planet of the Apes (2017)
[show]
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Written and produced
Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011)
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Written
The Hand That Rocks the Cradle (1992, Silver only)
Eye for an Eye (1996)
The Relic (1997)
Jurassic World (2015)
In the Heart of the Sea (2015)
Avatar 3 (2021)
Produced
Love Shack (2010)
War for the Planet of the Apes (2017)
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Categories:
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text:
Curling at the Winter Olympics
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Curling at the Winter Olympics
Governing body
WCF
Events
3 (men: 1; women: 1; mixed: 1)
Games
1924
1928
1932
1936
1948
1952
1956
1960
1964
1968
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
Note: demonstration sport years indicated in italics
Medalists
Curling was included in the program of the inaugural Winter Olympic Games in 1924 in Chamonix[1] although the results of that competition were not considered official by the International Olympic Committee until 2006. Curling was a demonstration sport at the 1932 Games, and then again after a lengthy absence in 1988 and 1992. The sport was finally added to the official program for the 1998 Nagano Games.
Until 2018, men's and women's events were contested. An additional event, mixed doubles, was rejected for 2010 because the Olympic Programme Commission felt it had not developed enough,[2][3] but was approved for the 2018 Winter Olympics at an IOC Executive Board meeting in June 2015.[4]
Since the 1998 Olympics, Canada has generally dominated the sport with their men's teams winning gold in 2006, 2010, and 2014, and silver in 1998 and 2002. The women's team won gold in 1998 and 2014, a silver in 2010, and a bronze in 2002 and 2006. Their mixed doubles team won gold in 2018.
The related ice stock sport (Eisstockschießen in German) was a demonstration event in 1936 and 1964. These events are not considered additional demonstrations of curling.[5][6]
Contents
[hide]
1 Participating nations
2 Medal table
3 Medal summary
3.1 Men
3.2 Women
3.3 Mixed doubles
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Participating nations[edit]
The final placement for each team in each tournament is shown in the following tables.
Men's tournament
Nation
24
98
02
06
10
14
18
Years
Canada – 02 ! 02 ! 01 ! 01 ! 01 ! 4 6
China – – – – 8 4 – 2
Denmark – – 7 – 9 6 10 4
Finland – – 5 02 ! – – – 2
France 03 ! – 10 – 7 – – 3
Germany – 8 6 8 6 10 – 5
Great Britain 01 ! 7 8 4 5 02 ! 5 7
Italy – – – 7 – – 9 2
Japan – 6 – – – – 8 2
New Zealand – – – 10 – – – 1
Norway – 03 ! 01 ! 5 02 ! 5 6 6
Russia – – – – – 7 – 1
South Korea – – – – – – 7 1
Sweden 02 ! 5 4 9 4 03 ! 02 ! 7
Switzerland – 01 ! 03 ! 6 03 ! 8 03 ! 6
United States – 4 9 03 ! 10 9 01 ! 6
Note: The three medal winners in 1924 were the only teams entered that year.
Women's tournament
Nation
98
02
06
10
14
18
Years
Canada 01 ! 03 ! 03 ! 02 ! 01 ! 6 6
China – – – 03 ! 7 5 3
Denmark 02 ! 9 9 5 6 10 6
Germany 8 5 – 6 – – 3
Great Britain 4 01 ! 5 7 03 ! 4 6
Italy – – 10 – – – 1
Japan 6 8 7 8 5 03 ! 6
Norway 5 7 4 – – – 3
Olympic Athletes from Russia – – – – – 9 1
Russia – 10 6 9 9 – 4
South Korea – – – – 8 02 ! 2
Sweden 03 ! 6 01 ! 01 ! 02 ! 01 ! 6
Switzerland – 02 ! 02 ! 4 4 7 5
United States 7 4 8 10 10 8 6
Mixed doubles tournament
Nation
18
Years
Canada 01 ! 1
China 4 1
Finland 7 1
Norway 03 ! 1
Olympic Athletes from Russia DQB 1
South Korea 5 1
Switzerland 02 ! 1
United States 6 1
Medal table[edit]
Standings in curling medals won as of the 2018 Winter Olympics.
Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
1 Canada (CAN) 6 3 2 11
2 Sweden (SWE) 3 3 2 8
3 Great Britain (GBR) 2 1 1 4
4 Switzerland (SUI) 1 3 3 7
5 Norway (NOR) 1 1 2 4
6 United States (USA) 1 0 1 2
7 Denmark (DEN) 0 1 0 1
Finland (FIN) 0 1 0 1
South Korea (KOR) 0 1 0 1
10 China (CHN) 0 0 1 1
France (FRA) 0 0 1 1
Japan (JPN) 0 0 1 1
Total
14
14
14
42
Medal summary[edit]
Main article: List of Olympic medalists in curling
Men[edit]
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze
1924 Chamonix
details Great Britain (GBR) Sweden (SWE) France (FRA)
1928 → 1994 Not included in the Olympic programme
1998 Nagano
details Switzerland (SUI) Canada (CAN) Norway (NOR)
2002 Salt Lake City
details Norway (NOR) Canada (CAN) Switzerland (SUI)
2006 Turin
details Canada (CAN) Finland (FIN) United States (USA)
2010 Vancouver
details Canada (CAN) Norway (NOR) Switzerland (SUI)
2014 Sochi
details Canada (CAN) Great Britain (GBR) Sweden (SWE)
2018 Pyeongchang
details United States (USA) Sweden (SWE) Switzerland (SUI)
Women[edit]
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze
1998 Nagano
details Canada (CAN) Denmark (DEN) Sweden (SWE)
2002 Salt Lake City
details Great Britain (GBR) Switzerland (SUI) Canada (CAN)
2006 Turin
details Sweden (SWE) Switzerland (SUI) Canada (CAN)
2010 Vancouver
details Sweden (SWE) Canada (CAN) China (CHN)
2014 Sochi
details Canada (CAN) Sweden (SWE) Great Britain (GBR)
2018 Pyeongchang
details Sweden (SWE) South Korea (KOR) Japan (JPN)
Mixed doubles[edit]
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze
2018 Pyeongchang
details Canada (CAN) Switzerland (SUI) Norway (NOR)
See also[edit]
List of Olympic venues in curling
Wheelchair curling at the Winter Paralympics
Ice stock sport at the Winter Olympics, a similar sport
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Heidrick, Shaun (2014-01-08). "Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games: A History of Curling at the Games - Yahoo Sports". Sports.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2014-02-01.
Jump up ^ "Olympic Programme Updates". Olympic.org. 2006-11-28. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
Jump up ^ National Lead Writer (2014-01-27). "Sochi Olympics: Popularity, Buzz and Drama of Curling with NBC's Andrew Catalon". Bleacher Report. Retrieved 2014-02-01.
Jump up ^ "Mixed Doubles curling confirmed for PyeongChang 2018 Olympics". World Curling Federation. 8 June 2015. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Hojnacki, Sean (2013-12-20). "Winter Olympics 2014: 10 Things to Know About Curling - Yahoo Sports". Sports.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2014-02-01.
Jump up ^ Briscoe, Jeff (2014-01-08). "Rules of Curling in the Winter Olympics - Yahoo Sports". Sports.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2014-02-01.
External links[edit]
Media related to Curling at the Olympics at Wikimedia Commons
Olympic information at the World Curling Federation's site
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Corpus luteum
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Corpus luteum
Section of the ovary. 1. Outer covering. 1’. Attached border. 2. Central stroma. 3. Peripheral stroma. 4. Bloodvessels. 5. Vesicular follicles in their earliest stage. 6, 7, 8. More advanced follicles. 9. An almost mature follicle. 9’. Follicle from which the ovum has escaped. 10. Corpus luteum.
Details
System
Reproductive system
Location
Ovary
Identifiers
Latin
Corpus luteum
MeSH
D003338
TA
A09.1.01.015
FMA
18619
Anatomical terms of microanatomy
[edit on Wikidata]
The corpus luteum (Latin for "yellow body"; plural corpora lutea) is a temporary endocrine structure in female ovaries and is involved in the production of relatively high levels of progesterone, moderate levels of estradiol, inhibin A and small amounts of estrogen.[1][2] It is the remains of the ovarian follicle that has released a mature ovum during a previous ovulation.[3] It is colored as a result of concentrating carotenoids (including lutein) from the diet and secretes a moderate amount of estrogen to inhibit further release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and thus secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). A new corpus luteum develops with each menstrual cycle.[citation needed]
Contents
[hide]
1 Development and structure
2 Function
2.1 When egg is not fertilized
2.2 When egg is fertilized
2.3 Content of carotenoids
3 In animals
4 Additional images
5 Pathology
6 References
7 Biography
8 External links
Development and structure[edit]
The corpus luteum develops from an ovarian follicle during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle or oestrous cycle, following the release of a secondary oocyte from the follicle during ovulation. The follicle first forms a corpus hemorrhagicum before it becomes a corpus luteum, but the term refers to the visible collection of blood, left after rupture of the follicle, that secretes progesterone. While the oocyte (later the zygote if fertilization occurs) traverses the Fallopian tube into the uterus, the corpus luteum remains in the ovary.
The corpus luteum is typically very large relative to the size of the ovary; in humans, the size of the structure ranges from under 2 cm to 5 cm in diameter.[4]
Its cells develop from the follicular cells surrounding the ovarian follicle.[5] The follicular theca cells luteinize into small luteal cells (thecal-lutein cells) and follicular granulosa cells luteinize into large luteal cells (granulosal-lutein cells) forming the corpus luteum. Progesterone is synthesized from cholesterol by both the large and small luteal cells upon luteal maturation. Cholesterol-LDL complexes bind to receptors on the plasma membrane of luteal cells and are internalized. Cholesterol is released and stored within the cell as cholesterol ester. LDL is recycled for further cholesterol transport. Large luteal cells produce more progesterone due to uninhibited/basal levels of protein kinase A (PKA) activity within the cell. Small luteal cells have LH receptors that regulate PKA activity within the cell. PKA actively phosphorylates steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and translocator protein to transport cholesterol from the outer mitochondrial membrane to the inner mitochondrial membrane.[6]
The development of the corpus luteum is accompanied by an increase in the level of the steroidogenic enzyme P450scc that converts cholesterol to pregnenolone in the mitochondria.[7] Pregnenolone is then converted to progesterone that is secreted out of the cell and into the blood stream. During the bovine estrous cycle, plasma levels of progesterone increase in parallel to the levels of P450scc and its electron donor adrenodoxin, indicating that progesterone secretion is a result of enhanced expression of P450scc in the corpus luteum.[7]
The mitochondrial P450 system electron transport chain including adrenodoxin reductase and adrenodoxin has been shown to leak electrons leading to the formation of superoxide radical.[8][9] Apparently to cope with the radicals produced by this system and by enhanced mitochondrial metabolism, the levels of antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase also increase in parallel with the enhanced steroidogenesis in the corpus luteum.[7]
Follicular structure Luteal structure Secretion
Theca cells Theca lutein cells androgens,[10] progesterone[10]
Granulosa cells Granulosa lutein cells progesterone,[5] estrogen(majority),[5] and inhibin A[5][10]
Steroidogenesis, with progesterone in yellow field at upper center.[11] The androgens are shown in blue field, and aromatase at lower center - the enzyme present in granulosa lutein cells that convert androgens into estrogens (shown in pink triangle).
Like the previous theca cells, the theca lutein cells lack the aromatase enzyme that is necessary to produce estrogen, so they can only perform steroidogenesis until formation of androgens. The granulosa lutein cells do have aromatase, and use it to produce estrogens, using the androgens previously synthesized by the theca lutein cells, as the granulosa lutein cells in themselves do not have the 17α-hydroxylase or 17,20 lyase to produce androgens.[5] Once the corpus luteum regresses the remnant is known as corpus albicans.[12]
Function[edit]
The corpus luteum is essential for establishing and maintaining pregnancy in females. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone, which is a steroid hormone responsible for the decidualization of the endometrium (its development) and maintenance, respectively. It also produces relaxin, a hormone responsible for softening of the pubic symphysis which helps in parturition.
When egg is not fertilized[edit]
If the egg is not fertilized, the corpus luteum stops secreting progesterone and decays (after approximately 10 days in humans). It then degenerates into a corpus albicans, which is a mass of fibrous scar tissue.
The uterine lining (endometrium) is expelled through the vagina (in mammals that go through a menstrual cycle). In an estrous cycle, the lining degenerates back to normal size.
When egg is fertilized[edit]
Vaginal ultrasound showing a corpus luteum in a pregnant woman, with a fluid-filled cavity in its center.
If the egg is fertilized and implantation occurs, the syncytiotrophoblast (derived from trophoblast) cells of the blastocyst secrete the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, or a similar hormone in other species) by day 9 post-fertilization.
Human chorionic gonadotropin signals the corpus luteum to continue progesterone secretion, thereby maintaining the thick lining (endometrium) of the uterus and providing an area rich in blood vessels in which the zygote(s) can develop. From this point on, the corpus luteum is called the corpus luteum graviditatis.
The introduction of prostaglandins at this point causes the degeneration of the corpus luteum and the abortion of the fetus. However, in placental animals such as humans, the placenta eventually takes over progesterone production and the corpus luteum degrades into a corpus albicans without embryo/fetus loss.
Luteal support refers to the administration of medication (generally progestins) for the purpose of increasing the success of implantation and early embryogenesis, thereby complementing the function of the corpus luteum.
Content of carotenoids[edit]
The yellow color and name of the corpus luteum, like that of the macula lutea of the retina, is due to its concentration of certain carotenoids, especially lutein. In 1968, a report indicated that beta-carotene was synthesized in laboratory conditions in slices of corpus luteum from cows. However, attempts have been made to replicate these findings, but have not succeeded. The idea is not presently accepted by the scientific community.[13] Rather, the corpus luteum concentrates carotenoids from the diet of the mammal.
In animals[edit]
Similar structures and functions of the corpus luteum exist in some reptiles.[14] Dairy cattle also follow a similar cycle.[15]
Additional images[edit]
Order of changes in ovary
Human ovary with fully developed corpus luteum
Luteinized follicular cyst. H&E stain.
Pathology[edit]
Corpus Luteum cyst: hemorrhage into persistent corpus luteum. Commonly regresses spontaneously.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/medical/sbpm_histology_old/lab/lab19_ovary.html
Jump up ^ Inquiry Into Biology (Textbook). McGraw-Hill Ryerson. 2007. p. 497. ISBN 978-0-07-096052-7.
Jump up ^ Karch, p. 657.
Jump up ^ Vegetti W, Alagna F (2006). "FSH and follucogenesis: from physiology to ovarian stimulation". Reproductive biomedicine Online. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Boron, p. 1300.
Jump up ^ Niswender GD (March 2002). "Molecular control of luteal secretion of progesterone". Reproduction. 123 (3): 333–9. doi:10.1530/rep.0.1230333. PMID 11882010.
^ Jump up to: a b c Rapoport R, Sklan D, Wolfenson D, Shaham-Albalancy A, Hanukoglu I (March 1998). "Antioxidant capacity is correlated with steroidogenic status of the corpus luteum during the bovine estrous cycle". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1380 (1): 133–40. doi:10.1016/S0304-4165(97)00136-0. PMID 9545562.
Jump up ^ Hanukoglu I, Rapoport R, Weiner L, Sklan D (September 1993). "Electron leakage from the mitochondrial NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase-adrenodoxin-P450scc (cholesterol side chain cleavage) system". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 305 (2): 489–98. doi:10.1006/abbi.1993.1452. PMID 8396893.
Jump up ^ Rapoport R, Sklan D, Hanukoglu I (March 1995). "Electron leakage from the adrenal cortex mitochondrial P450scc and P450c11 systems: NADPH and steroid dependence". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 317 (2): 412–6. doi:10.1006/abbi.1995.1182. PMID 7893157.
^ Jump up to: a b c The IUPS Physiome Project --> Female Reproductive System – Cells Retrieved on Nov 9, 2009
Jump up ^ Häggström, Mikael; Richfield, David (2014). "Diagram of the pathways of human steroidogenesis". WikiJournal of Medicine. 1 (1). doi:10.15347/wjm/2014.005. ISSN 2002-4436.
Jump up ^ Marieb, Elaine (2013). Anatomy & physiology. Benjamin-Cummings. p. 915. ISBN 9780321887603.
Jump up ^ Brian Davis. Carotenoid metabolism as a preparation for function. Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol. 63, No. 1, pp. 131–140, 1991. available online. Accessed April 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ Trauth, Stanley E. (1978). "Ovarian Cycle of Crotaphytus collaris (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguanidae) from Arkansas with Emphasis on Corpora Albicantia, Follicular Atresia, and Reproductive Potential". Journal of Herpetology. 12 (4): 461. doi:10.2307/1563350. ISSN 0022-1511. JSTOR 1563350.
Jump up ^ Dairy cattle fertility & sterility. Hoard's Dairyman. Fort Atkinson, Wis: W.D. Hoard & Sons. 1996. ISBN 978-0932147271.
Biography[edit]
Karch, Amy (2017). Focus on nursing pharmacology. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer. ISBN 9781496318213.
Boron, Walter (2005). Medical physiology : a cellular and molecular approach. Philadelphia, Penns: Elsevier Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3.
External links[edit]
Histology image: 18201loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University
Anatomy photo:43:05-0106 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center – "The Female Pelvis: The Ovary"
CT of the abdomen showing a ruptured hemorrhagic copus luteal cyst
[hide]
v
t
e
Female reproductive system
Internal
Adnexa
Ovaries
Follicles
corpus
hemorrhagicum
luteum
albicans
Theca of follicle
externa
interna
Follicular antrum
Follicular fluid
Corona radiata
Zona pellucida
Membrana granulosa
Perivitelline space
Other
Germinal epithelium
Tunica albuginea
cortex
Cumulus oophorus
Stroma
Medulla
Fallopian tubes
Isthmus
Ampulla
Infundibulum
Fimbria
Ostium
Ligaments
Ovarian ligament
Suspensory ligament
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Paroophoron
Uterus
Regions
Body
Uterine cavity
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Frenulum of clitoris
Vulval vestibule
Interlabial sulci
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Vaginal orifice
vestibular glands/ducts
Bartholin's glands/Bartholin's ducts
Skene's glands/Skene's ducts
Clitoris
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Corpus cavernosum
Clitoral glans
Hood
Urethra
Urethral crest
Other
G-spot
Urethral sponge
Perineal sponge
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corpus_luteum&oldid=833748803"
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Human female endocrine system
Theriogenology
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