text:
Boötes
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the Northern constellation. For the astronomical observatory, see BOOTES.
Boötes
Constellation
List of stars in Boötes
Abbreviation
Boo
Genitive
Boötis
Pronunciation
/boʊˈoʊtiːz/, genitive /boʊˈoʊtɪs/[1]
Symbolism
The Herdsman
Right ascension
13h 36.1m to 15h 49.3m[2]
Declination
+7.36° to +55.1°[2]
Quadrant
NQ3
Area
907 sq. deg. (13th)
Main stars
7, 15
Bayer/Flamsteed
stars
59
Stars with planets
10
Stars brighter than 3.00m
3
Stars within 10.00 pc (32.62 ly)
3
Brightest star
Arcturus (α Boo) (−0.04m)
Messier objects
0
Meteor showers
January Bootids
June Bootids
Quadrantids
Bordering
constellations
Canes Venatici
Coma Berenices
Corona Borealis
Draco
Hercules
Serpens Caput
Virgo
Ursa Major
Visible at latitudes between +90° and −50°.
Best visible at 21:00 (9 p.m.) during the month of June.
Other designations: Arctophylax
Boötes /boʊˈoʊtiːz/ is a constellation in the northern sky, located between 0° and +60° declination, and 13 and 16 hours of right ascension on the celestial sphere. The name comes from the Greek Βοώτης, Boōtēs, meaning "herdsman" or "plowman" (literally, "ox-driver"; from βοῦς bous “cow”).
One of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, Boötes is now one of the 88 modern constellations. It contains the fourth-brightest star in the night sky, the orange giant star Arcturus. Epsilon Bootis, or Izar, is a colourful multiple star popular with amateur astronomers. Boötes is home to many other bright stars, including eight above the fourth magnitude and an additional 21 above the fifth magnitude, making a total of 29 stars easily visible to the naked eye.
Contents
[hide]
1 History and mythology
1.1 Non-Western astronomy
2 Characteristics
3 Features
3.1 Stars
3.1.1 Multiple stars
3.1.2 Variable stars
3.1.3 Stars with planetary systems
3.2 Deep-sky objects
3.3 Meteor showers
4 References
5 External links
History and mythology[edit]
In ancient Babylon, the stars of Boötes were known as SHU.PA. They were apparently depicted as the god Enlil, who was the leader of the Babylonian pantheon and special patron of farmers.[3] Boötes may have been represented by the foreleg constellation in ancient Egypt.[4] According to this interpretation, the constellation depicts the shape of an animal foreleg.
The constellation of Boötes overlaid on the ancient Egyptian foreleg constellation.
The name Boötes was first used by Homer in his Odyssey as a celestial reference point for navigation,[5] described as "late-setting" or "slow to set", translated as the "Plowman".[6] Exactly whom Boötes is supposed to represent in Greek mythology is not clear. According to one version, he was a son of Demeter,[7] Philomenus, twin brother of Plutus, a ploughman who drove the oxen in the constellation Ursa Major.[8] This is corroborated by the constellation's name, which itself means "ox-driver" or "herdsman."[9] The ancient Greeks saw the asterism now called the "Big Dipper" or "Plough" as a cart with oxen.[1] This influenced the name's etymology, derived from the Greek for "noisy" or "ox-driver".[10] Another myth associated with Boötes tells that he invented the plow and was memorialized for his ingenuity as a constellation.[11]
Another myth associated with Boötes by Hyginus is that of Icarius, who was schooled as a grape farmer and winemaker by Dionysus. Icarius made wine so strong that those who drank it appeared poisoned, which caused shepherds to avenge their supposedly poisoned friends by killing Icarius. Maera, Icarius' dog, brought his daughter Erigone to her father's body, whereupon both she and the dog committed suicide. Zeus then chose to honor all three by placing them in the sky as constellations: Icarius as Boötes, Erigone as Virgo, and Maera as Canis Major or Canis Minor.[10]
Following another reading, the constellation is identified with Arcas and also referred to as Arcas and Arcturus, son of Zeus and Callisto. Arcas was brought up by his maternal grandfather Lycaon, to whom one day Zeus went and had a meal. To verify that the guest was really the king of the gods, Lycaon killed his grandson and prepared a meal made from his flesh. Zeus noticed and became very angry, transforming Lycaon into a wolf and gave back life to his son. In the meantime Callisto had been transformed into a she-bear, by Zeus's wife, Hera, who was angry at Zeus's infidelity.[8][10] This is corroborated by the Greek name for Boötes, Arctophylax, which means "Bear Watcher".[10] Callisto in form of a bear was almost killed by her son who was out hunting. Zeus rescued her, taking her into the sky where she became Ursa Major, "the Great Bear". The name Arcturus (the constellation's brightest star) comes from the Greek word meaning "guardian of the bear". Sometimes Arcturus is depicted as leading the hunting dogs of nearby Canes Venatici and driving the bears of Ursa Major and Ursa Minor.[12]
Boötes as depicted in Urania's Mirror, a set of constellation cards published in London c.1825. In his left hand he holds his hunting dogs, Canes Venatici. Below them is the constellation Coma Berenices. Above the head of Boötes is Quadrans Muralis, now obsolete, but which lives on as the name of the early January Quadrantid meteor shower. Mons Mænalus can be seen at his feet.
Several former constellations were formed from stars now included in Boötes. Quadrans Muralis, the Quadrant, was a constellation created near Beta Boötis from faint stars.[13] It was invented in 1795 by Jérôme Lalande, an astronomer who used a quadrant to perform detailed astronometric measurements. Lalande worked with Nicole-Reine Lepaute and others to predict the 1758 return of Halley's Comet. Quadrans Muralis was formed from the stars of eastern Boötes, western Hercules, and Draco.[14] It was originally called Le Mural by Jean Fortin in his 1795 Atlas Céleste; it was not given the name Quadrans Muralis until Johann Bode's 1801 Uranographia. The constellation was quite faint, with its brightest stars reaching the 5th magnitude.[15] Mons Maenalus, representing the Maenalus mountains, was created by Johannes Hevelius in 1687 at the foot of the constellation's figure. The mountain was named for the son of Lycaon, Maenalus. The mountain, one of Diana's hunting grounds, was also holy to Pan.[16]
Non-Western astronomy[edit]
The stars of Boötes were incorporated into many different Chinese constellations. Arcturus was part of the most prominent of these, variously designated as the celestial king's throne (Tian Wang) or the Blue Dragon's horn (Daijiao); the name Daijiao, meaning "great horn", is more common. Arcturus was given such importance in Chinese celestial mythology because of its status marking the beginning of the lunar calendar, as well as its status as the brightest star in the northern night sky. Two constellations flanked Daijiao, Yousheti to the right and Zuosheti to the left; they represented companions that orchestrated the seasons. Zuosheti was formed from modern Zeta, Omicron, and Pi Boötis, while Yousheti was formed from modern Eta, Tau, and Upsilon Boötis. Dixi, the Emperor's ceremonial banquet mat, was north of Arcturus, consisting of the stars 12, 11, and 9 Boötis. Another northern constellation was Qigong, the Seven Dukes, which was mostly across the Boötes-Hercules border. It included either Delta Boötis or Beta Boötis as its terminus.[10]
The other Chinese constellations made up of the stars of Boötes existed in the modern constellation's north; they are all representations of weapons. Tianqiang, the spear, was formed from Iota, Kappa, and Theta Boötis; Genghe, variously representing a lance or shield, was formed from Epsilon, Rho, and Sigma Boötis. There were also two weapons made up of a singular star. Xuange, the halberd, was represented by Lambda Boötis, and Zhaoyao, either the sword or the spear, was represented by Gamma Boötis.[10]
Two Chinese constellations have an uncertain placement in Boötes. Kangchi, the lake, was placed south of Arcturus, though its specific location is disputed. It may have been placed entirely in Boötes, on either side of the Boötes-Virgo border, or on either side of the Virgo-Libra border. The constellation Zhouding, a bronze tripod-mounted container used for food, was sometimes cited as the stars 1, 2, and 6 Boötis. However, it has also been associated with three stars in Coma Berenices.[10]
Boötes is also known to North American cultures. In Yup'ik Boötes is Taluyaq, literally "fish trap," and the funnel shaped part of the fish trap is known as Ilulirat.[17]
Characteristics[edit]
Boötes is a constellation bordered by Virgo to the south, Coma Berenices and Canes Venatici to the west, Ursa Major to the northwest, Draco to the northeast, and Hercules, Corona Borealis and Serpens Caput to the east. The three-letter abbreviation for the constellation, as adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1922, is 'Boo'.[18] The official constellation boundaries, as set by Eugène Delporte in 1930, are defined by a polygon of 16 segments. In the equatorial coordinate system, the right ascension coordinates of these borders lie between 13h 36.1m and 15h 49.3m, while the declination coordinates stretch from +7.36° to +55.1°.[2] Covering 907 square degrees, Boötes culminates at midnight around 2 May and ranks 13th in area.[19]
Colloquially, its pattern of stars has been likened to a kite or ice cream cone.[19][20] However, depictions of Boötes have varied historically. Aratus described him circling the north pole, herding the two bears. Later ancient Greek depictions, described by Ptolemy, have him holding the reins of his hunting dogs (Canes Venatici) in his left hand, with a spear, club, or staff in his right hand.[10] After Hevelius introduced Mons Maenalus in 1681, Boötes was often depicted standing on the Peloponnese mountain.[16] By 1801, when Johann Bode published his Uranographia, Boötes had acquired a sickle, which was also held in his left hand.[10]
The placement of Arcturus has also been mutable through the centuries. Traditionally, Arcturus lay between his thighs, as Ptolemy depicted him. However, Germanicus Caesar deviated from this tradition by placing Arcturus "where his garment is fastened by a knot".[10]
Features[edit]
The constellation Bootes as it can be seen by the naked eye.
Stars[edit]
See also: List of stars in Boötes
In his Uranometria, Johann Bayer used the Greek letters Alpha through to Omega and then A to k to label what he saw as the most prominent 35 stars in the constellation, with subsequent astronomers splitting Kappa, Mu, Nu and Pi as two stars each. Nu is also the same star as Psi Herculis.[21] John Flamsteed numbered 54 stars for the constellation.[22]
Located 36.7 light-years from Earth, Arcturus, or Alpha Boötis, is the brightest star in Boötes and the fourth-brightest star in the sky at an apparent magnitude of −0.05;[23] It is also the brightest star north of the celestial equator, just shading out Vega and Capella.[13][24] Its name comes from the Greek for "bear-keeper". An orange giant of spectral class K1.5III,[23] Arcturus is an ageing star that has exhausted its core supply of hydrogen and cooled and expanded to a diameter of 27 solar diameters,[8] equivalent to approximately 32 million kilometers.[13] Though its mass is approximately one solar mass (M☉),[8] Arcturus shines with 133 times the luminosity of the Sun (L☉).[25]
Bayer located Arcturus above the herdsman's left knee in his Uranometria. Nearby Eta Boötis, or Muphrid, is the uppermost star denoting the left leg.[26] It is a 2.68-magnitude star 37 light-years distant with a spectral class of G0IV,[27] indicating it has just exhausted its core hydrogen and is beginning to expand and cool. It is 9 times as luminous as the Sun and has 2.7 times its diameter. Analysis of its spectrum reveals that it is a spectroscopic binary.[28] Muphrid and Arcturus lie only 3.3 light-years away from each other. Viewed from Arcturus, Muphrid would have a visual magnitude of -2½, while Arcturus would be around visual magnitude -4½ when seen from Muphrid.[29]
Marking the herdsman's head is Beta Boötis,[26] or Nekkar, a yellow giant of magnitude 3.5 and spectral type G8IIIa.[30] Like Arcturus, it has expanded and cooled off the main sequence—likely to have lived most of its stellar life as a blue-white B-type main sequence star.[31] Its common name comes from the Arabic phrase for "ox-driver". It is 219 light-years away[8] and has a luminosity of 58 L☉.[13]
Located 86 light-years distant, Gamma Boötis, or Seginus, is a white giant star of spectral class A7III,[32] with a luminosity 34 times and diameter 3.5 times that of the Sun.[33] It is a Delta Scuti variable, ranging between magnitudes 3.02 and 3.07 every 7 hours.[34] These stars are short period (six hours at most) pulsating stars that have been used as standard candles and as subjects to study astroseismology.[35]
Delta Boötis is a wide double star with a primary of magnitude 3.5 and a secondary of magnitude 7.8. The primary is a yellow giant that has cooled and expanded to 10.4 times the diameter of the Sun.[36] Of spectral class G8IV, it is around 121 light-years away,[37] while the secondary is a yellow main sequence star of spectral type G0V.[38] The two are thought to take 120,000 years to orbit each other.[36]
Mu Boötis, known as Alkalurops, is a triple star popular with amateur astronomers. It has an overall magnitude of 4.3 and is 121 light-years away. Its name is from the Arabic phrase for "club" or "staff". The primary appears to be of magnitude 4.3 and is blue-white. The secondary appears to be of magnitude 6.5, but is actually a close double star itself with a primary of magnitude 7.0 and a secondary of magnitude 7.6. The secondary and tertiary stars have an orbital period of 260 years.[8] The primary has an absolute magnitude of 2.6 and is of spectral class F0.[13] The secondary and tertiary stars are separated by 2 arcseconds; the primary and secondary are separated by 109.1 arcseconds at an angle of 171 degrees.[39]
Nu Boötis is an optical double star. The primary is an orange giant of magnitude 5.0 and the secondary is a white star of magnitude 5.0. The primary is 870 light-years away and the secondary is 430 light-years.
Epsilon Boötis, also known as Izar or Pulcherrima, is a close triple star popular with amateur astronomers and the most prominent binary star in Boötes. The primary is a yellow-[40] or orange-hued magnitude 2.5 giant star, the secondary is a magnitude 4.6 blue-hued main-sequence star,[8] and the tertiary is a magnitude 12.0 star.[40] The system is 210 light-years away. The name "Izar" comes from the Arabic word for "girdle" or "loincloth", referring to its location in the constellation. The name "Pulcherrima" comes from the Latin phrase for "most beautiful", referring to its contrasting colors in a telescope.[8] The primary and secondary stars are separated by 2.9 arcseconds at an angle of 341 degrees; the primary's spectral class is K0 and it has a luminosity of 200 L☉.[13][40] To the naked eye, Izar has a magnitude of 2.37.[13]
Nearby Rho and Sigma Boötis denote the herdsman's waist.[26] Rho is an orange giant of spectral type K3III located around 160 light-years from Earth.[41] It is ever so slightly variable, wavering by 0.003 of a magnitude from its average of 3.57.[42] Sigma, a yellow-white main sequence star of spectral type F3V, is suspected of varying in brightness from 4.45 to 4.49.[42] It is around 52 light-years distant.[43]
Traditionally known as Aulād al Dhiʼbah (أولاد الضباع - aulād al dhiʼb), "the Whelps of the Hyenas", Theta, Iota, Kappa and Lambda Boötis are a small group of stars in the far north of the constellation. The magnitude 4.05 Theta Boötis has a spectral type of F7 and an absolute magnitude of 3.8. Iota Boötis is a triple star with a primary of magnitude 4.8 and spectral class of A7,[13] a secondary of magnitude 7.5,[8] and a tertiary of magnitude 12.6.[40] The primary is 97 light-years away.[8] The primary and secondary stars are separated by 38.5 arcseconds, at an angle of 33 degrees.[13] The primary and tertiary stars are separated by 86.7 arcseconds at an angle of 194 degrees. Both the primary and tertiary appear white in a telescope, but the secondary appears yellow-hued.[40]
Kappa Boötis is another wide double star. The primary is 155 light-years away and has a magnitude of 4.5. The secondary is 196 light-years away and has a magnitude of 6.6.[8] The two components are separated by 13.4 arcseconds, at an angle of 236 degrees.[13] The primary, with spectral class A7, appears white and the secondary appears bluish.[40]
An apparent magnitude 4.18 type A0p star,[13] Lambda Boötis is the prototype of a class of chemically peculiar stars, only some of which pulsate as Delta Scuti-type stars. The distinction between the Lambda Boötis stars as a class of stars with peculiar spectra, and the delta Scuti stars whose class describes pulsation in low-overtone pressure modes, is an important one. While many Lambda Boötis stars pulsate and are delta Scuti stars, not many delta Scuti stars have Lambda Boötis peculiarities, since the Lambda Boötis stars are a much rarer class whose members can be found both inside and outside the delta Scuti instability strip. Lambda Boötis stars are dwarf stars that can be either spectral class A or F.[44] Like BL Boötis-type stars they are metal-poor.[45] Scientists have had difficulty explaining the characteristics of Lambda Boötis stars, partly because only around 60 confirmed members exist, but also due to heterogeneity in the literature. Lambda has an absolute magnitude of 1.8.[13]
There are two dimmer F-type stars, magnitude 4.83 12 Boötis, class F8; and magnitude 4.93 45 Boötis, class F5.[13] Xi Boötis is a G8 yellow dwarf of magnitude 4.55, and absolute magnitude is 5.5. Two dimmer G-type stars are magnitude 4.86 31 Boötis, class G8, and magnitude 4.76 44 Boötis, class G0.[13]
Of apparent magnitude 4.06, Upsilon Boötis has a spectral class of K5 and an absolute magnitude of −0.3. Dimmer than Upsilon Boötis is magnitude 4.54 Phi Boötis, with a spectral class of K2 and an absolute magnitude of −0.1. Just slightly dimmer than Phi at magnitude 4.60 is O Boötis, which, like Izar, has a spectral class of K0. O Boötis has an absolute magnitude of 0.2. The other four dim stars are magnitude 4.91 6 Boötis, class K4; magnitude 4.86 20 Boötis, class K3; magnitude 4.81 Omega Boötis, class K4; and magnitude 4.83 A Boötis, class K1.[13]
There is one bright B-class star in Boötes; magnitude 4.93 Pi1 Boötis, also called Alazal. It has a spectral class of B9 and is 40 parsecs from Earth. There is also one M-type star, magnitude 4.81 34 Boötis. It is of class gM0.[13]
Multiple stars[edit]
Celestial photograph depicting many of Boötes' double and multiple stars. Arcturus is the bright white star in the lower right. The semicircle of stars near the bottom left is the neighboring constellation Corona Borealis.
Besides Pulcherrima and Alkalurops, there are several other binary stars in Boötes:
Xi Boötis is a quadruple star popular with amateur astronomers. The primary is a yellow star of magnitude 4.7 and the secondary is an orange star of magnitude 6.8. The system is 22 light-years away and has an orbital period of 150 years.[8] The primary and secondary have a separation of 6.7 arcseconds at an angle of 319 degrees.[13] The tertiary is a magnitude 12.6 star (though it may be observed to be brighter) and the quaternary is a magnitude 13.6 star.[40]
Pi Boötis is a close triple star. The primary is a blue-white star of magnitude 4.9, the secondary is a blue-white star of magnitude 5.8,[8] and the tertiary is a star of magnitude 10.4.[40] The primary and secondary components are separated by 5.6 arcseconds at an angle of 108 degrees;[13] the primary and tertiary components are separated by 128 arcseconds at an angle of 128 degrees.[40]
Zeta Boötis is a triple star that consists of a physical binary pair with an optical companion. Lying 205 light-years away from Earth, The physical pair has a period of 123.3 years and consists of a magnitude 4.5 and a magnitude 4.6 star. The two components are separated by 1.0 arcseconds at an angle of 303 degrees. The optical companion is of magnitude 10.9, separated by 99.3 arcseconds at an angle of 259 degrees. 44 Boötis is an eclipsing variable star. The primary is of variable magnitude and the secondary is of magnitude 6.2; they have an orbital period of 225 years. The components are separated by 1.0 arcseconds at an angle of 40 degrees.[13]
44 Boötis (i Boötis) is a double variable star 42 light-years away. It has an overall magnitude of 4.8 and appears yellow to the naked eye. The primary is of magnitude 5.3 and the secondary is of magnitude 6.1; their orbital period is 220 years. The secondary is itself an eclipsing variable star with a range of 0.6 magnitudes; its orbital period is 6.4 hours.[8] It is a W Ursae Majoris variable that ranges in magnitude from a minimum of 7.1 to a maximum of 6.5 every 0.27 days. Both stars are G-type stars. Another eclipsing binary star is ZZ Boötis, which has two F2-type components of almost equal mass,[46] and ranges in magnitude from a minimum of 6.79 to a maximum of 7.44 over a period of 5.0 days.[47]
Variable stars[edit]
Two of the brighter Mira-type variable stars in the constellation are R and S Boötis. Both are red giants that range greatly in magnitude—from 6.2 to 13.1 over 223.4 days,[48][13] and 7.8 to 13.8 over a period of 270.7 days respectively.[13] Also red giants, V and W Boötis are semi-regular variable stars that range in magnitude from 7.0 to 12.0 over a period of 258 days, and magnitude 4.7 to 5.4 over 450 days, respectively.[13]
BL Boötis is the prototype of its class of pulsating variable stars,[49] the anomalous Cepheids. These stars are somewhat similar to Cepheid variables, but they do not have the same relationship between their period and luminosity.[50] Their periods are similar to RRAB variables; however, they are far brighter than these stars.[51] BL Boötis is a member of the cluster NGC 5466. Anomalous Cepheids are metal poor and have masses not much larger than the Sun's, on average, 1.5 M☉. BL Boötis type stars are a subtype of RR Lyrae variables.[52]
T Boötis was a nova observed in April 1860 at a magnitude of 9.7. It has never been observed since, but that does not preclude the possibility of it being a highly irregular variable star or a recurrent nova.[24]
Stars with planetary systems[edit]
A digital rendering of Tau Boötis b
Extrasolar planets have been discovered encircling ten stars in Boötes as of 2012. Tau Boötis is orbited by a large planet, discovered in 1999. The host star itself is a magnitude 4.5 star of type F7V, 15.6 parsecs from Earth. It has a mass of 1.3 M☉ and a radius of 1.331 solar radii (R☉); a companion, GJ527B, orbits at a distance of 240 AU. Tau Boötis b, the sole planet discovered in the system, orbits at a distance of 0.046 AU every 3.31 days. Discovered through radial velocity measurements, it has a mass of 5.95 Jupiter masses (MJ).[53] This makes it a hot Jupiter.[54] The host star and planet are tidally locked, meaning that the planet's orbit and the star's particularly high rotation are synchronized.[55][56]
Furthermore, a slight variability in the host star's light may be caused by magnetic interactions with the planet.[56] Carbon monoxide is present in the planet's atmosphere. Tau Boötis b does not transit its star, rather, its orbit is inclined 46 degrees.[54] Like Tau Boötis b, HAT-P-4 b is also a hot Jupiter. It is noted for orbiting a particularly metal-rich host star and being of low density.[57] Discovered in 2007, HAT-P-4 b has a mass of 0.68 MJ and a radius of 1.27 RJ. It orbits every 3.05 days at a distance of 0.04 AU. HAT-P-4, the host star, is an F-type star of magnitude 11.2, 310 parsecs from Earth. It is larger than the Sun, with a mass of 1.26 M☉ and a radius of 1.59 R☉.[58]
Evolution of the HD 128311 system over time
Boötes is also home to multiple-planet systems. HD 128311 is the host star for a two-planet system, consisting of HD 128311 b and HD 128311 c, discovered in 2002 and 2005, respectively.[59][60] HD 128311 b is the smaller planet, with a mass of 2.18 MJ; it was discovered through radial velocity observations. It orbits at almost the same distance as Earth, at 1.099 AU; however, its orbital period is significantly longer at 448.6 days.[59]
The larger of the two, HD 128311 c, has a mass of 3.21 MJ and was discovered in the same manner. It orbits every 919 days inclined at 50°, and is 1.76 AU from the host star.[60] The host star, HD 128311, is a K0V-type star located 16.6 parsecs from Earth. It is smaller than the Sun, with a mass of 0.84 M☉ and a radius of 0.73 R☉; it also appears below the threshold of naked-eye visibility at an apparent magnitude of 7.51.[59]
There are several single-planet systems in Boötes. HD 132406 is a Sun-like star of spectral type G0V with an apparent magnitude of 8.45, 231.5 light-years from Earth.[61] It has a mass of 1.09 M☉ and a radius of 1 R☉.[62] The star is orbited by a gas giant, HD 132406 b, discovered in 2007.[61] HD 132406 orbits 1.98 AU from its host star with a period of 974 days and has a mass of 5.61 MJ. The planet was discovered by the radial velocity method.[62]
WASP-23 is a star with one orbiting planet, WASP-23 b. The planet, discovered by the transit method in 2010, orbits every 2.944 very close to its Sun, at 0.0376 AU. It is smaller than Jupiter, at 0.884 MJ and 0.962 RJ. Its star is a K1V type star of apparent magnitude 12.7, far below naked-eye visibility, and smaller than the Sun at 0.78 M☉ and 0.765 R☉.[63]
HD 131496 is also encircled by one planet, HD 131496 b. The star is of type K0 and is located 110 parsecs from Earth; it appears at a visual magnitude of 7.96. It is significantly larger than the Sun, with a mass of 1.61 M☉ and a radius of 4.6 solar radii. Its one planet, discovered in 2011 by the radial velocity method, has a mass of 2.2 MJ; its radius is as yet undetermined. HD 131496 b orbits at a distance of 2.09 AU with a period of 883 days.[64]
Another single planetary system in Boötes is the HD 132563 system, a triple star system. The parent star, technically HD 132563B, is a star of magnitude 9.47, 96 parsecs from Earth. It is almost exactly the size of the Sun, with the same radius and a mass only 1% greater. Its planet, HD 132563B b, was discovered in 2011 by the radial velocity method. 1.49 MJ, it orbits 2.62 AU from its star with a period of 1544 days.[65] Its orbit is somewhat elliptical, with an eccentricity of 0.22. HD 132563B b is one of very few planets found in triple star systems; it orbits the isolated member of the system, which is separated from the other components, a spectroscopic binary, by 400 AU.[66]
Also discovered through the radial velocity method, albeit a year earlier, is HD 136418 b, a 2-Jupiter mass planet that orbits the star HD 136418 at a distance of 1.32 AU with a period of 464.3 days. Its host star is a magnitude 7.88 G5-type star, 98.2 parsecs from Earth. It has a radius of 3.4 R☉ and a mass of 1.33 M☉.[67]
WASP-14 b is one of the most massive and dense exoplanets known,[68] with a mass of 7.341 MJ and a radius of 1.281 RJ. Discovered via the transit method, it orbits 0.036 AU from its host star with a period of 2.24 days.[69] WASP-14 b has a density of 4.6 grams per cubic centimeter, making it one of the densest exoplanets known.[68] Its host star, WASP-14, is an F5V-type star of magnitude 9.75, 160 parsecs from Earth. It has a radius of 1.306 R☉ and a mass of 1.211 M☉.[69] It also has a very high proportion of lithium.[68]
Deep-sky objects[edit]
Boötes is in a part of the celestial sphere facing away from the plane of our home Milky Way galaxy, and so does not have open clusters or nebulae. Instead, it has one bright globular cluster and many faint galaxies.[1] The globular cluster NGC 5466 has an overall magnitude of 9.1 and a diameter of 11 arcminutes.[13] It is a very loose globular cluster with fairly few stars and may appear as a rich, concentrated open cluster in a telescope. NGC 5466 is classified as a Shapley-Sawyer Concentration Class 12 cluster, reflecting its sparsity.[70] Its fairly large diameter means that it has a low surface brightness, so it appears far dimmer than the catalogued magnitude of 9.1 and requires a large amateur telescope to view. Only approximately 12 stars are resolved by an amateur instrument.[71]
Boötes has two bright galaxies. NGC 5248 (Caldwell 45) is a type Sc galaxy (a variety of spiral galaxy) of magnitude 10.2. It measures 6.5 by 4.9 arcminutes.[13] Fifty million light-years from Earth, NGC 5248 is a member of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies; it has dim outer arms and obvious H II regions, dust lanes, and young star clusters.[72] NGC 5676 is another type Sc galaxy of magnitude 10.9. It measures 3.9 by 2.0 arcminutes.[13] Other galaxies include NGC 5008, a type Sc emission-line galaxy,[73] NGC 5548, a type S Seyfert galaxy,[74] NGC 5653, a type S HII galaxy,[75] NGC 5778 (also classified as NGC 5825),[76] a type E galaxy that is the brightest of its cluster,[77] NGC 5886,[78] and NGC 5888, a type SBb galaxy.[79] NGC 5698 is a barred spiral galaxy, notable for being the host of the 2005 supernova SN 2005bc, which peaked at magnitude 15.3.
Further away lies the 250-million-light-year-diameter Boötes void, a huge space largely empty of galaxies. Discovered by Robert Kirshner and colleagues in 1981, it is roughly 700 million light-years from Earth. Beyond it and within the bounds of the constellation, lie two superclusters at around 830 million and 1 billion light-years distant.
The Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall, the largest known structure in the Universe, covers a significant part of Boötes.
Meteor showers[edit]
A Quadrantid captured by an all-sky camera during a 4-second exposure.
Boötes is home to the Quadrantid meteor shower, the most prolific annual meteor shower. It was discovered in January 1835 and named in 1864 by Alexander Hershell.[80] The radiant is located in northern Boötes near Kappa Boötis,[81] in its namesake former constellation of Quadrans Muralis. Quadrantid meteors are dim, but have a peak visible hourly rate of approximately 100 per hour on January 3–4.[8][24] The zenithal hourly rate of the Quadrantids is approximately 130 meteors per hour at their peak; it is also a very narrow shower.
The Quadrantids are notoriously difficult to observe because of a low radiant and often inclement weather. The parent body of the meteor shower has been disputed for decades;[80] however, Peter Jenniskens has proposed 2003 EH1, a minor planet, as the parent.[82] 2003 EH1 may be linked to C/1490 Y1, a comet previously thought to be a potential parent body for the Quadrantids.[83][84]
2003 EH1 is a short-period comet of the Jupiter family; 500 years ago, it experienced a catastrophic breakup event. It is now dormant.[85] The Quadrantids had notable displays in 1982, 1985, and 2004.[86] Meteors from this shower often appear to have a blue hue and travel at a moderate speed of 41.5–43 kilometers per second.[87]
On April 28, 1984, a remarkable outburst of the normally placid Alpha Bootids was observed by visual observer Frank Witte from 00:00 to 2:30 UTC. In a 6 cm telescope, he observed 433 meteors in a field of view near Arcturus with a diameter of less than 1°. Peter Jenniskens comments that this outburst resembled a "typical dust trail crossing".[88] The Alpha Bootids normally begin on April 14, peaking on April 27 and 28, and finishing on May 12.[89] Its meteors are slow-moving, with a velocity of 20.9 kilometers per second.[90] They may be related to Comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3, but this connection is only theorized.[89]
A bright Quadrantid observed at twilight.
The June Bootids, also known as the Iota Draconids, is a meteor shower associated with the comet 7P/Pons-Winnecke, first recognized on May 27, 1916, by William F. Denning.[91] The shower, with its slow meteors, was not observed prior to 1916 because Earth did not cross the comet's dust trail until Jupiter perturbed Pons-Winnecke's orbit, causing it to come within 0.03 astronomical units of Earth's orbit the first year the June Bootids were observed.
In 1982, E. A. Reznikov discovered that the 1916 outburst was caused by material released from the comet in 1819.[92] Another outburst of the June Bootids was not observed until 1998, because Comet Pons-Winnecke's orbit was not in a favorable position. However, on June 27, 1998, an outburst of meteors radiating from Boötes, later confirmed to be associated with Pons-Winnecke, was observed. They were incredibly long-lived, with trails of the brightest meteors lasting several seconds at times. Many fireballs, green-hued trails, and even some meteors that cast shadows were observed throughout the outburst, which had a maximum zenithal hourly rate of 200–300 meteors per hour.[93]
Two Russian astronomers determined in 2002 that material ejected from the comet in 1825 was responsible for the 1998 outburst.[94] Ejecta from the comet dating to 1819, 1825, and 1830 was predicted to enter Earth's atmosphere on June 23, 2004. The predictions of a shower less spectacular than the 1998 showing were borne out in a display that had a maximum zenithal hourly rate of 16–20 meteors per hour that night. The June Bootids are not expected to have another outburst in the next 50 years.[95]
Typically, only 1–2 dim, very slow meteors are visible per hour; the average June Bootid has a magnitude of 5.0. It is related to the Alpha Draconids and the Bootids-Draconids. The shower lasts from June 27 to July 5, with a peak on the night of June 28.[96] The June Bootids are classified as a class III shower (variable),[97] and has an average entry velocity of 18 kilometers per second. Its radiant is located 7 degrees north of Beta Boötis.[98]
The Beta Bootids is a weak shower that begins on January 5, peaks on January 16, and ends on January 18. Its meteors travel at 43 kilometers/second.[99] The January Bootids is a short, young meteor shower that begins on January 9, peaks from January 16 to January 18, and ends on January 18.[100]
The Phi Bootids is another weak shower radiating from Boötes. It begins on April 16, peaks on April 30 and May 1, and ends on May 12.[89] Its meteors are slow-moving, with a velocity of 15.1 km/s. They were discovered in 2006.[101] The shower's peak hourly rate can be as high as 6 meteors per hour. Though named for a star in Boötes, the Phi Bootid radiant has moved into Hercules.[102] The meteor stream is associated with three different asteroids: 1620 Geographos, 2062 Aten, and 1978 CA.[103]
The Lambda Bootids, part of the Bootid-Coronae Borealid Complex, are a weak annual shower with moderately fast meteors; 41.75 km/s.[104] The complex includes the Lambda Bootids, as well as the Theta Coronae Borealids and Xi Coronae Borealids.[105][106] All of the Bootid-Coronae Borealid showers are Jupiter family comet showers; the streams in the complex have highly inclined orbits.[85]
There are several minor showers in Boötes, some of whose existence is yet to be verified. The Rho Bootids radiate from near the namesake star, and were hypothesized in 2010.[107] The average Rho Bootid has an entry velocity of 43 km/s.[107][108] It peaks in November and lasts for 3 days.
The Rho Bootid shower is part of the SMA complex, a group of meteor showers related to the Taurids, which is in turn linked to the comet 2P/Encke. However, the link to the Taurid shower remains unconfirmed and may be a chance correlation.[108] Another such shower is the Gamma Bootids, which were hypothesized in 2006. Gamma Bootids have an entry velocity of 50.3 km/s.[109] The Nu Bootids, hypothesized in 2012, have faster meteors, with an entry velocity of 62.8 km/s.[110]
References[edit]
Citations
^ Jump up to: a b c Thompson & Thompson 2007, p. 102.
^ Jump up to: a b c IAU, The Constellations, Boötes.
Jump up ^ White 2008, p. 207.
Jump up ^ Berio, Alessandro (2014). "The Celestial River: Identifying the Ancient Egyptian Constellations" (PDF). Sino-Platonic Papers. 253: 43.
Jump up ^ Homer, Odyssey, book 5, 272
Jump up ^ Mandelbaum 1990, p. 103.
Jump up ^ Levy 1996 pp=141
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Ridpath 2001, pp. 88–89.
Jump up ^ Levy 1996 pp=141
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Star Tales Boötes.
Jump up ^ Pasachoff 2000, p. 133.
Jump up ^ Levy 1996 pp=141
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Moore 2000, pp. 341–342.
Jump up ^ Levy 2008, p. 51.
Jump up ^ Star Tales Quadrans Muralis.
^ Jump up to: a b Star Tales Mons Maenalus.
Jump up ^ Jacobson 2012.
Jump up ^ Russell 1922, p. 469.
^ Jump up to: a b Bakich 1995, p. 150.
Jump up ^ Polakis 2009.
Jump up ^ Wagman 2003, pp. 55–57.
Jump up ^ Wagman 2003, p. 355–56.
^ Jump up to: a b SIMBAD Alpha Boötis.
^ Jump up to: a b c Moore & Tirion 1997, pp. 132–133.
Jump up ^ Kaler Arcturus.
^ Jump up to: a b c Wagman 2003, p. 503.
Jump up ^ SIMBAD Eta Boötis.
Jump up ^ Kaler Muphrid.
Jump up ^ Schaaf 2008, p. 136.
Jump up ^ SIMBAD Beta Boötis.
Jump up ^ Kaler Nekkar.
Jump up ^ SIMBAD Gamma Boötis.
Jump up ^ Kaler Seginus.
Jump up ^ AAVSO Gamma Boötis.
Jump up ^ AAVSO Delta Scuti Variables.
^ Jump up to: a b Kaler Delta Boötis.
Jump up ^ SIMBAD Delta Boötis.
Jump up ^ SIMBAD BD+33 2562.
Jump up ^ Thompson & Thompson 2007, p. 106.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Thompson & Thompson 2007, p. 105.
Jump up ^ SIMBAD Rho Boötis.
^ Jump up to: a b AAVSO Rho Boötis.
Jump up ^ SIMBAD Sigma Boötis.
Jump up ^ North 2004, p. 145.
Jump up ^ Good 2003, p. 62.
Jump up ^ Popper 1983.
Jump up ^ AAVSO ZZ Boötis.
Jump up ^ Pasachoff 2000, pp. 199–200.
Jump up ^ North 2004, p. 123.
Jump up ^ Good 2003, p. 61.
Jump up ^ Good 2003, p. 69.
Jump up ^ Good 2003, p. 70.
Jump up ^ Exoplanet Encyclopedia Tau Boo b.
^ Jump up to: a b Rodler, Lopez-Morales & Ribas 2012.
Jump up ^ Cameron et al. 2000.
^ Jump up to: a b Walker et al. 2008.
Jump up ^ Kovács et al. 2007.
Jump up ^ Exoplanet Encyclopedia HAT-P-4 b.
^ Jump up to: a b c Exoplanet Encyclopedia HD 128311 b.
^ Jump up to: a b Exoplanet Encyclopedia HD 128311 c.
^ Jump up to: a b Da Silva Udry et al. 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b Exoplanet Encyclopedia HD 132406.
Jump up ^ Exoplanet Encyclopedia WASP-23 b.
Jump up ^ Exoplanet Encyclopedia HD 131496 b.
Jump up ^ Exoplanet Encyclopedia HD 132563B b.
Jump up ^ Desidera et al. 2011.
Jump up ^ Exoplanet Encyclopedia HD 136418 b.
^ Jump up to: a b c Joshi et al. 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Exoplanet Encyclopedia WASP-14 b.
Jump up ^ Thompson & Thompson 2007, p. 103.
Jump up ^ Thompson & Thompson 2007, p. 104.
Jump up ^ Niksch & Block 2004.
Jump up ^ SIMBAD NGC 5008.
Jump up ^ SIMBAD NGC 5548.
Jump up ^ SIMBAD NGC 5653.
Jump up ^ SIMBAD NGC 5825.
Jump up ^ SIMBAD NGC 5778.
Jump up ^ SIMBAD NGC 5886.
Jump up ^ SIMBAD NGC 5888.
^ Jump up to: a b Jenniskens 2006, pp. 357–368.
Jump up ^ Jenniskens 2006, p. 612.
Jump up ^ Jenniskens 2006, p. 368.
Jump up ^ Jenniskens 2006, p. 373.
Jump up ^ Jenniskens 2006, p. 376.
^ Jump up to: a b Jenniskens 2012.
Jump up ^ Levy 2008, p. 49.
Jump up ^ Levy 2008, p. 104.
Jump up ^ Jenniskens 2006, p. 199.
^ Jump up to: a b c Levy 2008, p. 110.
Jump up ^ IAU Alpha Bootids.
Jump up ^ Jenniskens 2006, p. 334.
Jump up ^ Jenniskens 2006, p. 335.
Jump up ^ Jenniskens 2006, p. 336–337.
Jump up ^ Jenniskens 2006, p. 338.
Jump up ^ Jenniskens 2006, p. 339–344.
Jump up ^ Levy 2008, p. 113.
Jump up ^ AMS 2012 List.
Jump up ^ AMS June 23.
Jump up ^ Levy 2008, p. 105.
Jump up ^ Levy 2008, p. 106.
Jump up ^ IAU Phi Bootids.
Jump up ^ Koed & Sherrod 2003, p. 52.
Jump up ^ Štohl & Porubčan 1993, p. 43.
Jump up ^ IAU Lambda Bootids.
Jump up ^ IAU Bootid-Coronae Borealid Complex.
Jump up ^ Green 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b IAU Rho Bootids.
^ Jump up to: a b Brown et al. 2010.
Jump up ^ IAU Gamma Bootids.
Jump up ^ IAU Nu Bootids.
References
Templeton, Matthew (16 July 2010). "Delta Scuti and the Delta Scuti Variables". Variable Star of the Season. AAVSO (American Association of Variable Star Observers). Retrieved 3 November 2012.
Watson, Christopher (4 January 2010). "Gamma Boötis". AAVSO Website. American Association of Variable Star Observers. Retrieved 5 August 2014.
Watson, Christopher (3 May 2013). "NSV 6697". AAVSO Website. American Association of Variable Star Observers. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
Watson, Christopher (18 January 2010). "NSV 6717". AAVSO Website. American Association of Variable Star Observers. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
Watson, Christopher (4 January 2010). "ZZ Boötis". AAVSO Website. American Association of Variable Star Observers. Retrieved 5 August 2014.
Da Silva, R.; Udry, S.; Bouchy, F.; Moutou, C.; Mayor, M.; Beuzit, J.-L.; Bonfils, X.; Delfosse, X.; Desort, M. (October 2007). "ELODIE metallicity-biased search for transiting Hot Jupiters IV. Intermediate period planets orbiting the stars HD 43691 and HD 132406" (abstract). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 473 (1): 323–328. arXiv:0707.0958  . Bibcode:2007A&A...473..323D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20077314. (web preprint)
Bakich, Michael E. (1995). The Cambridge Guide to the Constellations. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44921-2.
Brown, P.; Wong, D.K.; Weryk, R.J.; Wiegert, P. (May 2010). "A meteoroid stream survey using the Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar: II: Identification of minor showers using a 3D wavelet transform". Icarus. 207 (1): 66–81. Bibcode:2010Icar..207...66B. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.11.015. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
Collier Cameron, Andrew; Horne, Keith; James, David; Penny, Alan; Semel, Meir (8 December 2000). "τ Boo b: Not so bright, but just as heavy". Planetary Systems in the Universe: Observation, Formation, and Evolution. ASP Conference Series.
Desidera, S.; Carolo, E.; Gratton, R.; Martinez Fiorenzano, A.F.; Endl, M.; Mesa, D.; Barbieri, M.; Bonavita, M.; Cecconi, M.; Claudi, R.U.; Cosentino, R.; Marzari, F.; Scuderi, S. (7 September 2011). Claudi, R. U.; Cosentino, R.; Marzari, F.; and Scuderi, S.. "A giant planet in the triple system HD 132563". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 533: A90. arXiv:1107.0918  . Bibcode:2011A&A...533A..90D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117191.
"Tau Boo b". The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia. Paris Observatory. 5 July 2012. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
"HD 128311 b". The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia. Paris Observatory. 4 January 2011. Retrieved 4 September 2012.
"HD 128311 c". The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia. Paris Observatory. 11 May 2011. Retrieved 4 September 2012.
"WASP-23 b". The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia. Paris Observatory. 24 March 2011. Retrieved 4 September 2012.
"HD 131496 b". The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia. Paris Observatory. 2 September 2011. Retrieved 4 September 2012.
"HD 132406 b". The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia. Paris Observatory. 31 October 2007. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
"HD 132563B b". The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia. Paris Observatory. 6 July 2011. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
"HD 136418 b". The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia. Paris Observatory. 19 March 2010. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
"HAT-P-4 b". The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia. Paris Observatory. 5 April 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
"WASP-14 b". The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia. Paris Observatory. 8 April 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
Good, Gerry A. (2003). Observing Variable Stars. Springer. ISBN 978-1-85233-498-7.
Green, Daniel W. E. (17 November 2007). "Thirteen New Meteor Showers Recognized". Electronic Telegram No. 1142. Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams, IAU. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
"Alpha Bootids". Meteor Shower Center. IAU. 5 September 2012. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
"Bootid-Coronae Borealid Complex". Meteor Shower Center. IAU. 5 September 2012. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
"Gamma Bootids". Meteor Shower Center. IAU. 5 September 2012. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
"Lambda Bootids". Meteor Shower Center. IAU. 5 September 2012. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
"Nu Bootids". Meteor Shower Center. IAU. 5 September 2012. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
"Phi Bootids". Meteor Shower Center. IAU. 5 September 2012. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
"Rho Bootids". Meteor Shower Center. IAU. 5 September 2012. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
Jacobson, Steven A. (2012). Yup'ik Eskimo Dictionary, 2nd edition. Alaska Native Language Center. ISBN 9781555001155.
Jenniskens, Peter (2006). Meteor Showers and their Parent Comets. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-85349-1.
Jenniskens, Peter (September 2012). "Mapping Meteoroid Orbits: New Meteor Showers Discovered". Sky & Telescope: 24.
Joshi, Y. C.; Pollacco, D.; Collier Cameron, A.; Skillen, I.; Simpson, E.; Steele, I.; Street, R. A.; Stempels, H. C.; et al. (February 2009). L. Hebb, F. Bouchy, N. P. Gibson, G. Hébrard, F. P. Keenan, B. Loeillet, J. Meaburn, C. Moutou, B. Smalley, I. Todd, R. G. West, D. R. Anderson, S. Bentley, B. Enoch, C. A. Haswell, C. Hellier, K. Horne, J. Irwin, T. A. Lister, I. McDonald, P. Maxted, M. Mayor, A. J. Norton, N. Parley, C. Perrier, F. Pont, D. Queloz, R. Ryans, A. M. S. Smith, S. Udry, P. J. Wheatley, D. M. Wilson. "WASP-14b: 7.3 MJ transiting planet in an eccentric orbit". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 392 (4): 1532–1538. arXiv:0806.1478  . Bibcode:2009MNRAS.392.1532J. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14178.x.
Kaler, Jim. "Arcturus". Stars. University of Illinois. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
Kaler, Jim. "Delta Boötis". Stars. University of Illinois. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
Kaler, Jim. "Muphrid". Stars. University of Illinois. Retrieved 7 August 2014.
Kaler, Jim. "Nekkar". Stars. University of Illinois. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
Kaler, Jim. "Seginus". Stars. University of Illinois. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
Koed, Thomas L.; Sherrod, P. Clay (2003). A Complete Manual of Amateur Astronomy: Tools and Techniques for Astronomical Observations. Courier Dover Publications. ISBN 9780486428208.
Kovács, G.; Bakos, G. Á.; Torres, G.; Sozzetti, A.; Latham, D. W.; Noyes, R. W.; Butler, R. P.; Marcy, G. W.; Fischer, D. A.; Fernández, J. M.; Esquerdo, G.; Sasselov, D. D.; Stefanik, R. P.; Pál, A.; Lázár, J.; Papp, I.; Sári, P. (20 November 2007). Fernández, J. M.; Esquerdo, G.; Sasselov, D. D.; Stefanik, R. P.; Pál, A.; Lázár, J.; Papp, I.; Sári, P.. "HAT-P-4b: A Metal-rich Low-Density Transiting Hot Jupiter". The Astrophysical Journal. 670: L41. arXiv:0710.0602  . Bibcode:2007ApJ...670L..41K. doi:10.1086/524058. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
Levy, David H. (2008). David Levy's Guide to Observing Meteor Showers. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-69691-3.
Lunsford, Robert (16 January 2012). "2012 Meteor Shower List". American Meteor Society. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
Lunsford, Robert (21 June 2012). "Meteor Activity Outlook for June 23-29 2012". American Meteor Society. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
Moore, Patrick; Tirion, Wil (1997). Cambridge Guide to Stars and Planets (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-58582-8.
Mandelbaum, Allen; translator (1990). The Odyssey of Homer. New York City: Bantam Dell. ISBN 978-0-553-21399-7.
Moore, Patrick (2000). The Data Book of Astronomy. Institute of Physics Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7503-0620-1.
North, Gerald (2004). Observing Variable Stars, Novae, and Supernovae. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-82047-9.
Niksch, Dale; Block, Adam (16 May 2004). "Best of AOP: NGC 5248". NOAO.
Pasachoff, Jay M. (2000). Stars and Planets (4th ed.). Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0-395-93431-9.
Polakis, Tom (3 March 2009). "Boötes and Corona Borealis". Astronomy Magazine. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
Popper, D. M. (1983). "The F-type eclipsing binaries ZZ Bootis, CW Eridani, and BK Pegasi". Astronomical Journal. 88: 1242–56. Bibcode:1983AJ.....88.1242P. doi:10.1086/113415. ISSN 0004-6256.
Ridpath, Ian (2001). Stars and Planets Guide. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-08913-3.
Ridpath, Ian; Tirion, Wil (2007). Stars and Planets Guide (4th ed.). Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13556-4.
Ridpath, Ian. "Boötes". Star Tales. Retrieved 10 September 2012.
Ridpath, Ian. "Mons Maenalus". Star Tales. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
Ridpath, Ian. "Quadrans Muralis". Star Tales. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
Rodler, F.; Lopez-Morales, M.; Ribas, I. (18 June 2012). "Weighing the non-transiting hot Jupiter τ Boo b". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 753 (1): L25. arXiv:1206.6197  . Bibcode:2012ApJ...753L..25R. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/753/1/L25.
Russell, Henry Norris (October 1922). "The new international symbols for the constellations". Popular Astronomy. 30: 469. Bibcode:1922PA.....30..469R.
Schilling, Govert (2011). Atlas of Astronomical Discoveries. New York, New York: Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9781441978110.
Schaaf, Fred (2008). The Brightest Stars: Discovering the Universe Through the Sky's Most Brilliant Stars. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-70410-2.
"Alpha Boötis - Red Giant Branch Star". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
"Eta Boötis - Spectroscopic Binary". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 7 August 2014.
"Beta Boötis - Flare Star". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
"Delta Boötis - Star in double system". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
2562 "BD+33 2562 - Star in double system" Check |url= value (help). SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
"Gamma Boötis - Variable star of Delta Scuti type". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
"Rho Boötis - Variable star". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
"Sigma Boötis - Variable star". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
"NGC 5008". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
"NGC 5548". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
"NGC 5778". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
"NGC 5653". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
"NGC 5825". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
"NGC 5886". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
"NGC 5888". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
Štohl, J.; Porubčan, V. (6 July 1993). "Meteor streams of asteroidal origin". Meteoroids and their parent bodies, Proceedings of the International Astronomical Symposium: 41. Bibcode:1993mtpb.conf...41S.
Thompson, Robert Bruce; Thompson, Barbara Fritchman (2007). Illustrated Guide to Astronomical Wonders. O'Reilly Books. ISBN 978-0-596-52685-6.
Wagman, Morton (2003). Lost Stars: Lost, Missing and Troublesome Stars from the Catalogues of Johannes Bayer, Nicholas Louis de Lacaille, John Flamsteed, and Sundry Others. Blacksburg, VA: The McDonald & Woodward Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-939923-78-6.
White, Gavin (2008). Babylonian Star-lore. Solaria Publications.
Walker, G. A. H.; Croll, B.; Matthews, J. M.; Kuschnig, R.; Huber, D.; Weiss, W. W.; Shkolnik, E.; Rucinski, S. M.; Guenther, D. B. (19 February 2008). Moffat, A. F. J.; Sasselov, D.. "MOST detects variability on τ Bootis A possibly induced by its planetary companion". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 482: 691–697. arXiv:0802.2732  . Bibcode:2008A&A...482..691W. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078952. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
"Boötes, constellation boundary". The Constellations. International Astronomical Union. Retrieved 3 July 2012.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Boötes.
Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (over 170 medieval and early modern images of Bootes)
[show]
v
t
e
Boötes constellation
Stars (list)
Bayer
α (Arcturus)
β (Nekkar)
γ (Seginus)
δ (Princeps)
ε (Izar)
ζ
η (Muphrid)
θ (Asellus Primus)
ι (Asellus Secundus)
κ (Asellus Tertius)
λ (Xuange)
μ (Alkalurops)
ν1
ν2
ξ
ο
π
ρ
σ
τ
υ
φ
χ
ψ
ω
Flamsteed
1
2
3
6 (e)
7
9
10
11
12 (d)
13
14
15
18
20
22 (f)
24 (g)
26
31
32
33
34
38 (h, Merga)
39
40
44 (i)
45 (c)
46 (b)
47 (k)
50
101 Vir
Variable
R
S
T
V
RS
RV
RX
SS
ST
SW
TU
TY
TZ
UU
UY
UZ
VW
XY
YZ
ZZ
AC
AD
AR
BL
BP
BX
BY
CH
CI
CK
CN
CP
CR
DE
EF
EK
GU
HN
HP
HR
5123
5129
5137
5138
5156
5164
5220
5243
5254
5262
5270
5273
5274
5310
5335
5333
5346
5347
5360
5361 (A)
5363
5372
5373
5374
5385
5387
5388
5394
5402
5416
5422
5423
5433
5445
5448
5454
5462
5464
5467
5472
5473
5483
5493
5507
5510
5524
5529
5532
5537
5541
5550
5567
5569
5574
5575
5581
5592
5609
5630
5633
5635
5639
5640
5648
5673
5674
5677
5715
5716
5726
5741
5752
5830
5835
HD
119784
122443
124678
125076
126307
129357
131496
132406
132563
135944
136418
Gliese
GJ 526
Gliese 569
Other
CFBDSIR 1458+10
G 166-45
GD 165
HAT-P-4
LHS 2924
LkCa 19
2MASS 1503+2525
PSR J1518+4904
SDSS J1416+1348
Sigma 1785
TVLM 513-46546
WASP-14
Star clusters
Globular
NGC 5466
Galaxies
NGC
5008
5239
5248
5249
5251
5293
5332
5405
5409
5411
5414
5416
5417
5418
5423
5424
5431
5434
5434B
5436
5437
5446
5454
5456
5459
5463
5463B
5469
5481
5482
5487
5490
5490B
5490C
5492
5497
5498
5499
5500
5504
5504C
5505
5508
5509
5511
5511A
5512
5513
5514
5514A
5515
5517
5518
5520
5522
5523
5525
5527
5528
5529
5531
5532B
5533
5535
5536
5538
5539
5541
5542
5543
5544
5545
5546
5548
5550
5553
5557
5559
5562
5567
5568
5570
5572
5579
5581
5582
5583
5587
5589
5590
5591
5594
5596
5598
5600
5601
5602
5603
5603B
5608
5609
5610
5611
5613
5614
5615
5616
5622
5623
5624
5625
5627
5628
5629
5630
5633
5635
5637
5639
5639B
5641
5642
5644
5646
5647
5649
5653
5654
5655
5656
5657
5659
5660
5665
5665A
5666
5669
5672
5673
5675
5676
5677
5681
5682
5683
5684
5685
5686
5687
5689
5693
5695
5696
5697
5698
5699
5700
5702
5707
5708
5709
5710
5711
5714
5717
5720
5721
5722
5723
5724
5727
5730
5731
5732
5735
5736
5737
5739
5747
5748
5751
5752
5753
5754
5755
5758
5759
5760
5762
5763
5767
5769
5771
5772
5773
5778
5780
5782
5784
5785
5787
5788
5789
5790
5794
5795
5797
5798
5804
5805
5818
5820
5821
5827
5828
5828A
5829
5830
5835
5837
5842
5851
5852
5853
5857
5859
5860
5874
5875
5875A
5876
5886
5888
5889
5893
5895
5896
5899
5900
5902
5914
5914B
5918
5923
5929
5930
5932
5933
5934
5935
5943
5945
5947
5950
5966
5992
5993
Other
Arp 302
Boötes I
Boötes II
Boötes III
3C 295
3C 296
3C 299
3C 303
3C 310
3C 315
4C 12.50
4C 26.42
4C 37.43
CLASS B1359+154
Cloverleaf quasar
DDO 187
DDO 190
1E 1415.6+2557
H1426+428
IRAS 13349+2438
IRAS 15250+3609
Markarian 463
Markarian 477
Markarian 478
Markarian 841
MS 1512-cB58
OQ 172
OQ 208
OQ 530
PG 1402+261
PG 1404+226
PG 1407+265
PG 1411+442
PG 1425+267
PG 1543+489
PKS 1413+135
PKS 1424+240
PKS 1502+106
QSO B1400+162
QSO B1422+202
QSO B1422+231
QSO B1504+377
II Zw 71
II Zw 73
Galaxy
clusters
Abell 1775
Abell 1795
Abell 1911
Abell 1914
Abell 1983
Abell 2034
E 1455+2232
MS 1512.4+3647
Other
Boötes void
GRB 990123
GRB 010222
GRB 050802
GRB 060814
GRB 080319B
SCP 06F6
[show]
v
t
e
The 88 modern constellations
Andromeda
Antlia
Apus
Aquarius
Aquila
Ara
Aries
Auriga
Boötes
Caelum
Camelopardalis
Cancer
Canes Venatici
Canis Major
Canis Minor
Capricornus
Carina
Cassiopeia
Centaurus
Cepheus
Cetus
Chamaeleon
Circinus
Columba
Coma Berenices
Corona Australis
Corona Borealis
Corvus
Crater
Crux
Cygnus
Delphinus
Dorado
Draco
Equuleus
Eridanus
Fornax
Gemini
Grus
Hercules
Horologium
Hydra
Hydrus
Indus
Lacerta
Leo
Leo Minor
Lepus
Libra
Lupus
Lynx
Lyra
Mensa
Microscopium
Monoceros
Musca
Norma
Octans
Ophiuchus
Orion
Pavo
Pegasus
Perseus
Phoenix
Pictor
Pisces
Piscis Austrinus
Puppis
Pyxis
Reticulum
Sagitta
Sagittarius
Scorpius
Sculptor
Scutum
Serpens
Sextans
Taurus
Telescopium
Triangulum
Triangulum Australe
Tucana
Ursa Major
Ursa Minor
Vela
Virgo
Volans
Vulpecula
Lists of constellations
[show]
v
t
e
Constellation history
[show]
v
t
e
The 48 constellations listed by Ptolemy after 150 AD
Andromeda
Aquarius
Aquila
Ara
Argo Navis
Aries
Auriga
Boötes
Cancer
Canis Major
Canis Minor
Capricornus
Cassiopeia
Centaurus
Cepheus
Cetus
Corona Australis
Corona Borealis
Corvus
Crater
Cygnus
Delphinus
Draco
Equuleus
Eridanus
Gemini
Hercules
Hydra
Leo
Lepus
Libra
Lupus
Lyra
Ophiuchus
Orion
Pegasus
Perseus
Pisces
Piscis Austrinus
Sagitta
Sagittarius
Scorpius
Serpens
Taurus
Triangulum
Ursa Major
Ursa Minor
Virgo
[show]
v
t
e
The 41 additional constellations added in the 16th and 17th centuries
Vespucci or Corsalius early 16c: Crux
Triangulum Australe
Vopel 1536: Coma Berenices
Keyser & de Houtman 1596: Apus
Chamaeleon
Dorado
Grus
Hydrus
Indus
Musca
Pavo
Phoenix
Tucana
Volans
Plancius 1613: Camelopardalis
Columba
Monoceros
Habrecht 1621: Reticulum
Hevelius 1683: Canes Venatici
Lacerta
Leo Minor
Lynx
Scutum
Sextans
Vulpecula
de Lacaille 1763: Antlia
Caelum
Carina
Circinus
Fornax
Horologium
Mensa
Microscopium
Norma
Octans
Pictor
Puppis
Pyxis
Sculptor
Telescopium
Vela
[show]
v
t
e
Obsolete constellations (including Ptolemy's Argo Navis)
Anser
Antinous
Apes
Argo Navis
Asterion
Cancer Minor
Cerberus
Chara
Custos Messium
Felis
Frederici Honores/Gloria Frederici
Gallus
Globus Aerostaticus
Jordanus
Lilium
Lochium Funis
Machina Electrica
Malus
Mons Maenalus
Musca Borealis
Noctua
Officina Typographica
Polophylax
Psalterium Georgianum/Harpa Georgii
Quadrans Muralis
Ramus Pomifer
Robur Carolinum
Sceptrum Brandenburgicum
Sceptrum et Manus Iustitiae
Solarium
Rangifer/Tarandus
Taurus Poniatovii
Telescopium Herschelii
Testudo
Tigris
Triangulum Minus
Turdus Solitarius
Vespa
Vultur cadens
Vultur volans
obsolete constellation names
Apis
Phoenicopterus
Serpentarius
Xiphias
Coordinates: 15h 00m 00s, +30° 00′ 00″
Authority control
GND: 7585329-2
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boötes&oldid=808407177"
Categories:
Boötes
Constellations
Northern constellations
Constellations listed by Ptolemy
Hidden categories:
Pages with URL errors
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Afrikaans
العربية
Azərbaycanca
বাংলা
Bân-lâm-gú
Башҡортса
Беларуская
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
Български
Bosanski
Brezhoneg
Català
Čeština
Corsu
Cymraeg
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Gaeilge
Galego
客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî
한국어
Հայերեն
हिन्दी
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
Basa Jawa
ქართული
Kiswahili
Kurdî
Кыргызча
Latina
Latviešu
Lëtzebuergesch
Lietuvių
Magyar
Македонски
മലയാളം
Bahasa Melayu
Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Occitan
Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча
پنجابی
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Саха тыла
Scots
Simple English
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
Татарча/tatarça
ไทย
Тоҷикӣ
Türkçe
Українська
اردو
Tiếng Việt
Winaray
粵語
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 2 November 2017, at 17:52.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: caption

attrs: colspan style

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/Modern_constellation
mw-redirect
Modern constellation

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Mons_M%C3%A6nalus
mw-redirect
Mons Mænalus

values:
/wiki/Johann_Bode
mw-redirect
Johann Bode

values:
/wiki/Pan_(mythology)
mw-redirect
Pan (mythology)

values:
/wiki/Zeta_Bootis
mw-redirect
Zeta Bootis

values:
/wiki/Omicron_Bootis
mw-redirect
Omicron Bootis

values:
/wiki/Iota_Bootis
mw-redirect
Iota Bootis

values:
/wiki/Kappa_Bootis
mw-redirect
Kappa Bootis

values:
/wiki/Epsilon_Bootis
mw-redirect
Epsilon Bootis

values:
/wiki/Central_Alaskan_Yup%27ik
mw-redirect
Central Alaskan Yup'ik

values:
/wiki/Serpens_Caput
mw-redirect
Serpens Caput

values:
/wiki/Germanicus_Caesar
mw-redirect
Germanicus Caesar

values:
/wiki/Orange_giant
mw-redirect
Orange giant

values:
/wiki/Spectral_class
mw-redirect
Spectral class

values:
/wiki/Solar_diameter
mw-redirect
Solar diameter

values:
/wiki/Spectroscopic_binary
mw-redirect
Spectroscopic binary

values:
/wiki/B-type_main_sequence_star
mw-redirect
B-type main sequence star

values:
/wiki/Main-sequence_star
mw-redirect
Main-sequence star

values:
/wiki/F-type_main_sequence_star
mw-redirect
F-type main sequence star

values:
/wiki/A_Bo%C3%B6tis
mw-redirect
A Boötis

values:
/wiki/Pi1_Bo%C3%B6tis
mw-redirect
Pi1 Boötis

attrs: alt src width height class data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/W_Bo%C3%B6tis
mw-redirect
W Boötis

values:
/wiki/Semi-regular_variable_star
mw-redirect
Semi-regular variable star

values: Anomalous Cepheids (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Recurrent_nova
mw-redirect
Recurrent nova

values: Edit section: Stars with planetary systems

values:
/wiki/Extrasolar_planet
mw-redirect
Extrasolar planet

values:
/wiki/Astronomical_transit
mw-redirect
Astronomical transit

values:
/wiki/Transit_method
mw-redirect
Transit method

values:
/wiki/Radial_velocity_method
mw-redirect
Radial velocity method

values:
/wiki/Triple_star
mw-redirect
Triple star

values:
/wiki/Caldwell_catalog
mw-redirect
Caldwell catalog

values: Emission-line galaxy (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Short-period_comet
mw-redirect
Short-period comet

values:
/wiki/Jupiter_family_comet
mw-redirect
Jupiter family comet

values:
/wiki/73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann_3
mw-redirect
73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3

values: Bootid-Coronae Borealid Complex (page does not exist)

values: Theta Coronae Borealids (page does not exist)

values: Xi Coronae Borealids (page does not exist)

values: -moz-column-width: 20em; -webkit-column-width: 20em; column-width: 20em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.aavso.org/vsots_delsct

values:
nofollow
external text
//arxiv.org/abs/0707.0958

values:
nofollow
external text
http://arxiv.org/abs/0707.0958v1

values:
nofollow
external text
//arxiv.org/abs/1107.0918

values:
nofollow
http://exoplanet.eu/catalog/tau_boo_b/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://exoplanet.eu/catalog/wasp-23_b/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://exoplanet.eu/catalog/hat-p-4_b/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://exoplanet.eu/catalog/wasp-14_b/v

values:
nofollow
external text
//arxiv.org/abs/0806.1478

values:
nofollow
external text
//arxiv.org/abs/0710.0602

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1086%2F524058

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1086%2F113415

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0004-6256

values:
nofollow
external text
//arxiv.org/abs/1206.6197

values: Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg

values:
nofollow
external text
//arxiv.org/abs/0802.2732

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em;

values:
/wiki/BY_Bo%C3%B6tis
mw-redirect
BY Boötis

values:
/wiki/CH_Bo%C3%B6tis
mw-redirect
CH Boötis

values:
/wiki/CI_Bo%C3%B6tis
mw-redirect
CI Boötis

values:
/wiki/DE_Bo%C3%B6tis
mw-redirect
DE Boötis

values:
/wiki/EK_Bo%C3%B6tis
mw-redirect
EK Boötis

values:
/wiki/HN_Bo%C3%B6tis
mw-redirect
HN Boötis

values:
/wiki/HP_Bo%C3%B6tis
mw-redirect
HP Boötis

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup

values:
/wiki/Anser_(constellation)
mw-redirect
Anser (constellation)

values:
/wiki/Apes_(constellation)
mw-redirect
Apes (constellation)

values:
/wiki/Asterion_(constellation)
mw-redirect
Asterion (constellation)

values:
/wiki/Chara_(constellation)
mw-redirect
Chara (constellation)

values:
/wiki/Frederici_Honores
mw-redirect
Frederici Honores

values:
/wiki/Lilium_(constellation)
mw-redirect
Lilium (constellation)

values:
/wiki/Vespa_(constellation)
mw-redirect
Vespa (constellation)

values:
/wiki/Vultur_cadens
mw-redirect
Vultur cadens

values:
/wiki/Vultur_volans
mw-redirect
Vultur volans

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/7585329-2

values: Category:Constellations listed by Ptolemy

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values:
/wiki/Bo%C3%B6tes
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: العواء (كوكبة) – Arabic

values: ভূতেশ মণ্ডল – Bangla

values: Үгеҙкөтөүсө (йондоҙлоҡ) – Bashkir

values: Валапас (сузор’е) – Belarusian

values: Валапас – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values:
https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buiaghju
Buiaghju – Corsican
co
co
interlanguage-link-target

values: Βοώτης – Greek

values:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootes
Bootes – Spanish
es
es
interlanguage-link-target

values: گاوران – Persian

values:
https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tAoire
An tAoire – Irish
ga
ga
interlanguage-link-target

values: Եզնարած (համաստեղություն) – Armenian

values: ग्वाला तारामंडल – Hindi

values:
https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volar
Volar – Croatian
hr
hr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boote
Boote – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

values: רועה דובים – Hebrew

values:
https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootes
Bootes – Javanese
jv
jv
interlanguage-link-target

values: მენახირის თანავარსკვლავედი – Georgian

values: Өгүзчү (топ жылдыз) – Kyrgyz

values: Воловар (соѕвездие) – Macedonian

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values: അവ്വപുരുഷൻ – Malayalam

values:
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boarul
Boarul – Romanian
ro
ro
interlanguage-link-target

values: Волопас – Russian

values: Маныыһыт (сулустар бөлөхтөрө) – Sakha

values: Волар (сазвежђе) – Serbian

values: Үгезкөтүче йолдызлыгы – Tatar

values: กลุ่มดาวคนเลี้ยงสัตว์ – Thai

values: Авво – Tajik

values: Волопас (сузір'я) – Ukrainian

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Boötes rootpage-Boötes skin-vector action-view